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Its sale has in that, as well as ' \é in every former period, enjoyed a regular periodical increase, and the circulation is at this time equal to that of any Literary.Journal — an Europe. a Communications may be addressed, free of carriage or postage, to No. 1, Bridge-street, or to him at No. 5, Buckingham Gate: + * : * 44 : - MONTHLY MAGAZINE. gd SIS Sear No. 209.] FEBRUARY: 1, 1811. [1 of Vox. 31. ” A® long as thofe who write are ambitious of making Converts, 8nd of giving their Opinions a Maximum of Influence and Celebrity, the moft exténfively Girculated Mifcellany will repay with the greate& Efteét thi Curiofity of thofe who read cither for Amufement or Inftruction,x— JOHNSON, Ea ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS. ‘For the Monthly Magazine. O- question is so common as, whence come. the inhabitants of ‘all the new houses built in the suburbs of * London ? Nothing can be more rational than such an enquiry; at least one thousand houses per annum having been finished ‘in the suburbs of London during the last ‘forty years—yet every new’house is taken and occupied before it is finished, or its walls dry! This rate of increase being ten times greater than it was between the death of Elizabeth and the accession ‘of the Hanoverian family, the causes “may be deserving of investigation, not “only as matter of curiasity, but with re- ference to their connection with the sci- ~€nce of political economy. As the new houses are generally of respectable size, and may be -taken at the full. number of eight souls te a house, _the population -of the metropolis is as- certained, from the occupation of the new buildings, to have increased in. the “present age upwards of three hundred thousand souls. | So rapid an increase of ‘inhabitants is not therefore to be ac- * counted for on ordinary principles; and it ‘obviously involves a variety of consi- derations. It is not unusual to account for the occupation of the new streets, by advert- ing to a change of manners among the citizens and the trading classes. It is said, and with truth, that the houses of - trade do not satisfy the citizens of our days, and that, to avoid the smell and bustle of the shop, the dwelling-house must be ata distance. Doubtless, from this cause, many capital houses at the west end of London are occupied by bill- ’ manufacturers called bankers, by bank- _ directors, by upstart monopolists, and successful speculators in various branches of trade. These, however, are not nu- » merous, probably they do not exceed five _ hundred families ; and, as their houses of ‘trade are generally occupied by junior Jloxtury Mag. No, 209. partners or head clerks, and the pupils (the fashionable city-name for shop-boys and apprentices) are domesticated there, the population of the city remains nearly the same, and is probably not affected to the number of a thousand-souls by the affectation and- extravagancies of this class of citizens. The sober ard more respectable city families have their country-houses at distances varying between four and ten miles from St. Paul’s, These are pro- bably ten thousand in number; but as their houses are not an integral part of the metropolis, they form, of course, no part of the population of the forty thoa- sand new houses built within forty years in the suburbs. Even these ten thou- sand families diminish but slightly the resident’ population of the metropolis, because they generally dwell in their - town-houses in the winter season ; and, in summer, these are occapied by junior partners, clerks, or shopmen. , I refer to seven causes chiefly, the ag- gregation of the houses anu population of the suburbs of the metropolis, 1. London is not only the ancient me- tropolis of England and Wales, but it is now the new metropolis of the added kingdoms of Scotland and Ireland; and’ moreover, of our increased colonies in alf parts of the world. In the reign of Bli- zabeth, it was. the metropolis of about seven millions of people, but it is now the metropolis of an aggregation of twenty millions. It is not therefore to be won. dered, without reférring to other causes, that London has increased to treble its size since that time, and that the popue lation within ten miles of St, Pauls, should be four times greater. All the colonists consider Londen as theirhome; it is the focus of their correspondence and interests; their fortunes are remitted to its; and.here they-find pleasanter means of spending them than among their native“ wilds, whether in Scotland, Ireland, Yorkshire, or other districts. A These These persons, with their families, form, beyond a doubt, a considerable portion of the new population of the suburbs of London; probably they occupy at least five thousand of -the largest new houses : T shall remark, by the bye, that they also form @ considerable portion of the idle inhabitants of Bath, Cheltenham, Clifton, Brighton, and other fashionable watering-places. , 2. The irtrease of our government establishments, the treasury, the cus- toms, the excise, army, navy, and tax- offices; and of our great trading com- panies, the Bank, the India-house, and others of bill-brokers, bankers, and pri- vate establishments, furnishes at least three thousand competent occupiers of the new houses. None of these esta- blishments, or occupations, provide board and lodging for their clerks and their families; hence all houses from forty pounds'to one hundred pounds per annum, in new and pleasant streets, are eagerly taken by this class, and they are constantly on the increase in their several departments. 3. Persons who live upon annuities derived from the increased public funds, and from the numerous stock companies created in the metropolis within the last twenty or thirty years, are a large class ,of new metropolitan housekeepers. They feel. a local interest and attach. ment; they are, besides, in general, natives, or old residents of London; and they prefer receiving their interest in as to confiding it to any agent. hese occupy at least three thousand of the new-built houses, at rents at from fifty-to two hundred pounds per annum. 4. The general increase of the metro- polisy by adding to the mass of luxury, as increased the number of artizans, and persons employed on objects of lux- ury, such as painters, engravers, jew- ellers, embroiderers, authors, designers, architects, and others of like description; and these require three thousand small habitations ‘among the new build. ings in the retired streets around the me- tropolis. 5. Another distinct. large class of re- -sidlents, in the immediate environs of London, are French, Dutch, Spanish, German, Italian, and other emigrants who, daring the late wars and revolutions, have fled to England, as a place of se- curity, and who, by the aliea laws, are attached to'tne metropolis. I estimate _those to amount to about two thousand families; aud they live in the smaller Causes of the Increase of London. tenements, either on annuities, on the bounty of government, or by their labour in various departments of the arts. _ 6. The sixth class of independent residents in the suburbs, are an increased number of persons who have made for- tunes of various amounts in trade. These occupy at least two thousand of the new houses, of all sizes. 7. The enormovs increase of the army and navy, and’ the consequent increase of officers living on half-pay, and on pen- sions, leads to the occupation of at least two thousand houses in the immediate vicinity of London, not only for the advantages of society, but for the con- venience of receiving their annuities, and improving their interests with adminis» tration. M Hence, from these seven causes, we have no difficulty in accounting for the occupation of part of the recent forty thousand new houses, by the families of 5000 Colonists, and persons who have mad@ their fortunes in the East or Wese Indies. 3000 Clerks in public offices, in bankinge houses, &. 3000 Annuitants of the companies, 3000 Artists of luxury. 2000 Emigrants of all nations. 2000 Retired traders, 2000 Officers of the army and navy. funds and stock 20,000 Families. Having thus accounted for the aug- mented population of twenty thousand houses, it is easy to conceive that as many more are greedily taken by trades- men and others, who purpose to obtain a living out of those by trade and labour of various kinds, There will be bakers, butchers, fruiterers, grocers, public- houses, barbers, taylors, -shoe-makers, hatters, carpenters, smiths, bricklayers, schoolmasters, lawyers, apothecaries, physicians, andvall the varieties which ' compose the industrious and enterprising part of a community, supporting them- seives out of the wants of the twenty thousand independent families, and also on thetnutual wants of eacly other. . ‘To what extent this increase of a me~ tropolis can be advantageously earried, it 1s impossible to anticipate. Amcient Rome was said to be sixty miles round ; and London is not yet more than twenty. To equal ancient Rome, it must include ’ Stratiord to the east,.and Brentford en the ‘west; Hampstead aud Higligate on the north; aud Clapham and ei we . [Feb. 1, ry ‘ -4gii.) well on the south; between which places and London, there now are open spaces Jarger than London itself. “I confess I have my doubts about the alleged size of ancient Rome; and I sus- pect there never existed so large and po- pulous a city as London, or as London will be, within seven years, when the new Streets and squares are erected which have lately been planned on every side of the town, Twenty thousand houses are already projected in various situations ; and, judging from the demand for new houses, and the uniform success which has attended building-speculations for several years past, I entertain no doubt that they will be completed and occupied within the period abovesnamed. If we retain our foreign colonies, and the con- tinent of Europe continues to be dis- turbed by revolutions and military con- quest, as it has been for the last twenty years, I have no doubt but in another wenty or thirty years, the fields and toads between London and the above- mentioned villages, will be filled with houses, and the population increased from three quarters of a million to a million and a half. This is the necessary consequence of increased empire, of in- sular security, of civil and religious li- berty, and of public confidence. “It is idle to talk of limiting the extent or size of the town by law, unless you could prevent colonists, aliens, and an- Huitants, from coming to dwell among us. Whether the increased population should be provided for by improvements in the internal parts of the town, or whether by indefinite enlargement, is however a question worthy of consider- ation. Already the town is found to be f inconvenient size for social and Be tin purposes; the foreign or country trader, whu has many calls to make, finds his time and labour wasted in going from _ one end of so large a town to the other, There has long ceased to be any common terest between the remote parts of so mmense a city,: the inhabitant of Mary- le-bone is a foreigner in Wapping; and 60 is the inhabitant of Spital Fields, in Vestminster. ‘There are thousands who ave arrived at old age in one half of London, who never visited the other alf; and other thousands who never saw a ship, though London is the first port in the world. Of course, these are beings of ery diflerent habits and characters ; and they possess even a varied pronunciation gid peculiar idioms. For convenience of teade and association, it would be desirs 3 Causes of the Increase of London. 3 able that the town should be more com. pact; but it is desirable in regard to health, that it should spread itself to the neighbouring villages. It is however worthy of consideration, whether the in- terior of the town does not draw more attention, and there can be no doubt but good streets near the centre of business, would be preferred like Finsbury Square and Chatham Place, to similar streets in remote parts of the town. A grand mall, on the plan of the Adelphi, might be built on the south side of the Tliames, from London to Westminster-bridge; Smithfield might be converted into an elegant square, and some elegant streets built in its neighbourhood, on the present scites of disease and misery.. A grand cross street, from Blackfriar’s-bridge to Pentonville, with good collateral streets, is much wanted. In short, most of the old streets in the centre of the town, are as worthy of building-speculation ag scites in the suburbs. Cross streets are every where wanted; and halfa dozen squares northward of the city, would answer as well as Finsbury Square: St. Martin’s-le-Grand should be pulled down, and Aldersgate-street carried straight, and of equal width, to meet Newyatee street, at the area which terminates Cheapside. Bartholomew Close might be converted into another elegant squares and Charterhouse-square would be a de- sirable residence, if connected with the town by Aldersgate-street; as would St, John’s-square, if united by a good street with Smithfield-square. It is impolitic and senseless to carry the town to Highgate, Hampstead,’ and Clapham, when so bad a use is made of its internal parts; where whole districts consist almost of waste ground, or are occupied by beggary and wretchedness. I have often marvelled at the want of concert and general plan with which the extensive suburbs are raised, after read~ ing the lamentations of writers in regard tothe neglect of all plan, in rebuilding the city after the great fire. Wesee street on street rising every where, without any general design; every undertaker build- ing after his own fancy, and to suit the patch of ground of which he is the mas. ter. Perhaps it is now too late for par- liament to prescribe the plan of future’ ¢rections; or rather, in this free country magnificence must yield to convenience, and a fancied public good, to private’ literest, : ; In conclusion, I shall observe, that great cities contain in their very " greatness, 4 greatness, the seeds of premature and rapid decay. London wil] increase, as Jong as certain causes operate which she cannot controul, and after those cease to operate for a season, her population will require to be renewed by new supplies of wealth; these failing, the houses will become too numerous for the inhabi- tants, and certain. districts will be occu- pied by beggary and vice, or become depopulated. This disease will spread like an atrophy in the human body, and ruin will follow ruin, till the entire city is disgusting to the remnant of the inha~ bitants; they flee one after another to a more thriving “spot; and at length the whole becomes a heap of ruins! Such have been the causes of the decay of all overgrown cities. Nineveh, Babylon, Antioch, and Thebes, are become heaps of ruins, tolerable only to reptiles and wild beasts. Rome, Delhi, and Alex- andria, are partaking the same inevita- ble fate; and Lonedon must some time, from similar causes, succumb under the destiny of every thing human. Dec. 13,1810. © Common SENSE. a For the Monthly Magazine. THE ENQUIRER.—No. XXVII. Is uniformity of Religious Opinion de- sirable in the State ? ’ These institutions are the products of én- thusiasm; they are the instruments of wis- dom. Burke. " half_a dozen painters were employed to take a view of Saint Paul’s Church, the one would place himself in front, and bring out its majestic vestibule ; a second would include in his sketch the semicir- cular portal on the side; athird would choose his station behind, on the roofs of the houses, that nothing below might with- draw attention from the stately dome; a fourth would place himself at the ruins of the Albion-mill, that the colossality of the cathedral might be rendered obvious from @ comparison with surrounding objects : and others would select for delineation, a transverse or a longitudinal section of the inside. These imitations, though differ- ing widely from each other, might all be faithful alike, and executed with equal skill. Why should any patent or privi- lege, be given to the engraver of the se- cond, orihird, of these drawings, to vend’ exclusively /zs view of Saint Paul’s? Let them al! be etched, and exposed to sale ; the antpjuary may prefer the one, the di- letiante another, the architect a third, ssprescutation, 7 ‘The Enquirer. —No. AXVIT ! on 9. k [Febety It is thuswith religion.—Every « eminent teacher chooses a different point of view. The Popish delineator of Christianity wil- lingly withdraws from his devotees the discussion of doctrine, and aims at ine pressing the sentiments of the church by the arts of eloquence and music—of painte ing and sculpture. The Bucerist relies more on an industry addressed to the mind than to the senses; on the perpe- tual repetition of vernacular liturgies : bis appeal is to a public of less taste, but of. more literature. The Calvinist argues and terrifies: his scripture is the law of God—his God a pitiless lawgiver ; and he corroborates by terrestrial excommunica= tions the terrors of his threatened futuri= ty; he allies himself with fear, the most prolific parent of superstitions. The Unie tarian trusts to the shortness of his creed, for its eventual adoption. So many more articles of religion are taught in the cate- chisms than are retained in the progress of enquiry, that a wish often supervenes in mid-life to be fettered with the fewest possible dogmas, and to sit under the teacher who exacts least of a positive creed. Why may not instructors of each description find an appropriate public, disseminate in'that public a purer moral zeal, and a warmer activity of benefi- cence; and thus ripen a greater crop of national virtue, than could have been grown by any one of these four classes of teachers singly? On the supposition of -an exclusive, or uniform, public religion, three out of the four denominations would - want adapted guides. The more closely humapJife is observed, the more it will be perceived, that all the different. sects of Christianity have their several merits and excellencies—their se- vera] defects and inconveniences: but to suppose that there can be danger from any one of them, to the good order of society, and to the eventual happiness of mankind, is to blaspheme the founder of the religion. Sectsarise by selecting pe-- culiar passages of Scripture for habitual attention: the emphatic texts of one so- ciety are insignificant phrases in the next conventicle, Hence it naturally happens that some sects carry one virtue, others another, to the highest practicable excel- lence; and itis well that men should ad- dict themselves to those religious parties which enforce the line of conduct most adapted to th¢ir constitutional disposition, Thus they are more easily known. The philosophic sects of antiquity classed man- kind conveniently ; every one was aware what conversation and habits, and morals, _ & 1811.) to expect among the set of men, whose acquaintance natarally resulted from attaching oneself to the Platonic, the Stoic, orthe Epicurean, sect. And is not the like observable in our different denominations of Christians ? Let the man of fashion be a Catholic. It is the essence’ of fashion to fall in, it Knows not why, with the splendid ceremo- ~ nial in use among the exalted; and to place vital perfection in exterior compliance. The catholic is the form of Christianity which has been found least unfavourable to the military spirit, and most indulgent tothe genteeler foibles. It patronizes the fisheries, by its Vietetic interference ; and the fine arts, by its ostentatious de- light in monuments of architecture, of Sculpture, and’ of painting. But let not the entire multitude be catholic. It is a religion which operates in the manner of military discipline, so as to secure de- cency without reforming the inward man, Wherever the catholic populace have broken luose; they have exceeded, in a savage, cruel, and blood-thirsty spirit, the populace of any other sect; and they are every where more idle and ignorant than their Protestant neighbeurs. Let the magistrate be a Bucerist. Bu- cerism, or else a national establishment, favours religious indifference and political toryism. The members of the Church of England, in general, are apparently free from those anxieties of the soul; those -mean selfish ambitious frettings about its fature condition, which haunt and vex so Jarge a portion of the methodistical sect, They are; in general, inclined to lend the authority of their support to the ministers ofthe Crown, and to receive witha favour- ing prejudice all the measures of the go- Vernment. ,Such predispositions adapt a justice of the peace to execute the laws with tolerance and alacrity. But let not the mass of citizens be Bucerists. That habitual antagonism to the party in power, which compels the discussion of all, and the modification of many, public acts, and which prevents still more abuses than it Corrects, would want the requisite popular encouragement, if the inhabitants of our Jarge towns were not in the main em- bodied under a_ priesthood less servile than the established clergy. The parlia-_ mentary friends of liberty, derive their popular support almost entirely from dis- senters. “Let the trader be a Calvinist. Auste- “rity favours frugality and industry. Cal- vinism, at least where it is a sect, and not, _ &8 in Scotland, an establishnent, seldom “The Enquirer.—No. XXVI11. 5 attracts the higher classes, or the very low= est class ; as if some degree of instruction and education were requisite to prepare © the votary—as if a considerable degrce of introduction and education unfitted him again for this form of belief. It is often accompanied witha punctilious easeless behaviour, the result probably of a récie procal inspection and_ vigilant controul, devised for purposes of moral. discipline, and incorporated with the constitutions of their congregations. Itis often ac companied also with an apparent gloom of mind, the result perhaps of an excessive use among their teachers of terrific de- nunciations ; but which toa mere by-stan= der might suggest the idea of secret res morse, orworldly embarrassment; and thus tend to affect the moral or pecuniary credit of these children of dejection, Such melancholics are apt to fly for relief to sottishness. Still the Calvinists, im general, are seen to be industrious, provi- dent, continent, neat, hospitable, but in other respects frugal, loth to military ser- vice, lovers of justice, of order, and of civil liberty. These are qualities, on the whole, desirable in the numerous class of tradesmen: it seems easier to increase their happiness than their utility. Other sects are insufficiently vast to be appreciated inthegross. One cannot yet decide whether the Socinians owe the me- ritorious qualities by which they are dis- tinguished, to their station in society, or to the influence of their favourite writers. Unitarianism is not yet vulgarized ; but from the recent reports of the Aunti-trinita- rial missionaries, it may be suspected that, in proportionas the sect gains ground among the vulgar, it will have to adopt something of the cant, the bigotry, and the zeal, for positive opinions; which com~ monly characterize the vulgar, The Ita- lian and Polish Unitarians appeared, while the sect was new, to aim at allying the splendid ritual of Rome with the simpie creed of theism, and to aspire at blending the taste of the Catholic, the principle of the Calvinist, and the liberality of the phi- losopher. But notwithstanding the con= ventions of noblemen held at Vicenza and at Cracow, the Unitarian party could no where attain the ascendancy, either ia the dukedomis of Italy, or in the republic of Poland, The educated and ambitious ranks gradually slid back through unbe- lief to conformity ; the forsaken multitude was classed with fanatic Anabaptists, and squeezed, between contempt and oppres- sion, into inactive insignificance. As Socinianism is peculiarly the reverse of a mystical 6 The Enquirer,—No, AXVIT mystical sect, it must be favourableto the evolution of the reasoning faculty, and is therefore perhaps suicidal. In Holland, and elsewhere, it died out less from refu- tation, or persecution, than from miernal €auses, ’ The merely philosophic sects have also their use. ‘Teachers of this persuasion have been very efficacious iu resisting va- rious pernicious moral prejudices, which have occasionally resulted from excessive attachment to the sacred books. The attempts of the Anabaptists to introduce eommunity of goods, of the Quakers to abolish military service, of the Calvinists to extinguish fornication, of the Catholics to torture and burn alive for heresy, have been got under, not by the arguments of theology, but by those of philosophy,’There ¥s a reciprocity of merality necessary in the external relations of states, to which ‘Scripture is less plastic than reason, Hence every civilized society has found it expedient to keep alive an illuminated sect,lifted either by pride or science,above all the forms of popular credulity. In many churches of the once Lutheran pro- vinces of Germany, the anti-supernatu- ralist christianity of the professgrs Kich- horn and Paulus has lately been brought to anchor on the sacred books. InChina, the religious establishment of the country js habitually engaged in a like hostility against all the forms of superstition. Yet yn Germany, as in China, to a large body of the people, such opinions are unwel- comely licentious. _ Nor are the Jews undeserving an ap- propriate and limited patronage. They have, indeed, some usages which interfene with sociability,and which are necessaril an impediment to that neighbourly inter- course with Christians, which would. tend to efface reciprocal dislikes. Such are their notions about diet. In early and ignorant communities, it is expedient to teach the essential arts of life in the laws, We have statutes which direct how to brew, ard how to bake, and which ren- der criminal a departure from the national recipe. We have also laws about fishand butchey’s meat, which resist the sale and use of unwholesome food. The Jews have many suchlaws, which divide ani- mals into clean and urciean, or, as the words ought to be rendered, into whole- ‘some and unwholesome. The Jews wish to keep their sabbath on the seventh day; but, since the alteration of the calendar, they, in fact, keep it wrong, and might as well keep it on the Sunday. The Jews [Feb ts encourage among their children a pres dilection for some occupations, which are necessarily held in disrepute; such as pediary, frippery, pawn-broking, and usury. A pedlar will always appear to be a cheat, because he must always charge higher than a stationary shopkeeper, In addition to the regular profit of the req tailer, he must be paid tor the porterage of his wares from door to door, and forthe time lost in fruitless applications, Frippery will always be held somewhat offensive, . The man who sells lis cast-off clothes in- stead of giving them away, is ashamed of the avarice or penury which thatimplies ; he dislikes therefore to see his fripperer, whichreminds him of ameanness. Pawns broking is regulated by law; it is often an honest and useful employment, and might be a most humane and generous occu pation: but it can never be an hononr- able one, A sense of shame inevitably haunts the man who pledges his watch, or the woman who pawns a cloak, to re= lieve the necessities even of a sick child; Usury is odious: not merely because the lawgiver has idly made it a crime, but because, in all cases of bankruptey, those persons who have. received exorbitant interests for their advances, appear to be the only persons benefited at the expense of more scrupulous creditors, fn all these branches of commerce, and other such might be enumerated, the nature of the: employment tends to excite a feeling of disgust, which is improperly transferred to the Jewish people, because it happens that they frequently exercise such em- ployments. By preferring for their chil dren the more respectable lines of busi- ness, hostile prejudices would abate ; but society would still be compelled to seek out other persons for this division of Ja- bour. And to whatever individuals it be consigned, moral instruction and admo= nition is surely expedient. If so many forms of sectarism ean strike root in a given community with obvious advantage to the whole, why should they not be all alike favoured by the magistrate? They would then seve= rally be embraced hy the adapted con- verts, and prevail every where in the der sirable proportions. The charities of tolerance abound most where piety has many shapes. Moral competition, and general instruction, is increased by the variety OF sects. wm And why should they net. be suffered to ramify within, as well as without, the national church? , )' elu Be re ¥ § iM. : e A ate] «Account of a Cobalt Mine in Cheshives Suppose the Act of Uniformity re- pealed.—A dike of Grafton might then present the benefices of which he has the advowson to his Unitarian chaplains. A lord Petre might bestow similar prefers ment on eminent catholics—on a Geddes, ora Milner. If the Jew-banker Gold- ~ smid acquired with his estate a vacant resentation, he might allow the tythe of is parish toa rabbi. Mr. Wilberforce could confer livings on his evangelists; and lord Sheffield on a disciple of Gibbon, God keeps many religious, said the Go- thic king Theoduric, why shuuld not we? The effects of this change could not but be advantageous, Every sect, inasmuch as it had converted to its persuasion the Property of the country, would acquire a _ share of the advowsons, and station itself in the national church. A co-establish- Ment of all religions would be accom- plished, in which each would have an ex- tent of influence equitably proportioned to the weaith of its votaries. A consider- able comprehension of dissenters. would ~ ammediately result; and with the wish and power to acquire the use and property of the established temples,an altered feeling, the harbinger of constitutional loyalty, would pervade all the ancient separatists. "he danger which the Greek empire for- merly, and which our-own country lately, incurred,of findiag among its schismatics a rnicious foreign faction, would cease ‘with the intolerance of the magistrate, which both there and here occasioned that incalculable evil. The chieftains, not only of the embodied,, but of the literary, *sects, finding the ecclesiastic order open tothem unconditionally, and without any subscribed definitions of opinion, would more generally embrace it: and all classes ‘of publi instructors, the men of letters and science, tne poets and artists, might be conveniently patronized out of the “revenues of the hierarchy. Thus, all sects, popular and philosophic, would acquire “a common interest in the preservation of such a church, and would joinina cho- tus of Esto perpetua! _ The patronage of the sovereign would _Temain as at present in.point of amount; but as the number of claimants on public sgrounds would, be increased, more of | “that patronage would be given ta merit, and less to favouritism. The right of presenting prebends to laymen already _resides in the Crown—Cainden having heen rewarded for his literary exertions by queen Elizabeth with a” prebendal stall. A repeal of the Act of Uniformity would, in fact, extend this right of lay 1 T. patronage indefinitely: and surely the pa« triotic statesman, instead of making a new pension for every new exertion, ought to hold it better to divert into an useful channel some of those preferments which are become superfluous to the encourage= ment of theological literature, and which only operate as bounties for advocating the cause of ecclesiastic monopoly and intolerance. Without burdening afresla the people, the means would thus exist of recompensing their real illustrators and benefactors: the mighty machine, erected by the efforts of a barbaric superstition, would retain its energies unimpaired, but be employed in diffusing the lessons of civilization, and in remunerating the toils of unbiassed learning and creative genius. ee To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR, S I believe no description of Aldey~ ley Edge in Cheshire, and tha Cobalt Mine lately discovered there, has yet been published, pernaps the in- closed account may be acceptable to your readers, . Alderley Edge is an eminence situ- ated about five miles west from Maccles- ficld, from which place the road rises by an almost imperceptible. ascent through narrow sandy lanes; the sand chiefly of a reddish-brown colour: so very gradual is the rise, that when you approach the western side declivity, which is muck steeper, you are astonished with the vast extent of country which at once opens upon the sight. ‘The whole plain of the county of Cheshire, with a part of Lan- cashire, stretching from the feet of the Derbyshire and. Yorkshire hills to the sea; the pastures, woods, and villages, the towns of Stockport and Manchester, the distant smoke of the city of Chester, with the blue mountains of Wales onthe horizon, form part of the features of the scene. Oa the eastern side rise the Derbyshire and Yorkshire hills, which are part of the central range that passes through these counties. The whole prospect comprises a scene of extensive and varied magnificence, which can scarcely be equalied in the kingdom. After a month’s residence 2mongst the mines. and naked mountains of the High Peak, a sudden view of so much fertility and grandeur was peculiarly ex. hilarating and delightful. “ ‘The hill on which I stood'is low, compared with most of our secondary bills: but being de tached from’ the eéntral range, and ad- vauced several miles towards the plains of ‘ ‘ ae Account of ‘a Cobalt Mine in Cheshire. of Cheshire, there is nothing to obstruct the view from thence to the Irish sea: But this place is an object of more in- terest to the mineralogist than the pic- turesque tourist: in'the space of a few acres, he may be presented with ores of most of the metals found in England, but -placed in such situations, and presenting auch appearances, as are rarely to be seen elsewere. The hill is evidently of allu- vial formation, being composed chiefly of gravel, and. soft white and reddish sand-stone ; the white is intermixed with rounded quartz pebbles, the red with particles of mica. Insome parts the red and white sand-stone assume a nearly stratified appearance ; in others, the red stone intersects the white in very thin Seams, branching in various directions, In the white sand-stone are found various ores of lead, as small portions of compact _galena; and the same in a granular state antermixed with sand-stone. In other places, particles of blue and brown ore were collected in nedules of varnioussizes, and imbedded along with pebbles in the sand-rock, like currants in a pudding. The black ore or earth of lead, is here met with; and the carbonate or white ore; but intermixed, like the others, with sand-stone. These ores. do not lie in regular: veins, horizontally or verti- cally inclined; but are found in masses, or intersecting and mixing with the sand- stone and pebbles. In some few places there are appearances of a regular vein, in which there are seams of-cawk inter- spersed between the sand-rock and the ere; but these appearances are soon lost, and the vein is broken off and thrown into a state of confusion, The cawk* is also mixed with quartz pebbles. These oyes are found in considerable quantities, “and smelted at the place, but they are in general poor in quality. Cupper ore ._ was formerly got here in large quautities, as appears by the scoriz or slagg which ‘remains. ‘The works have been discon- tinued during nearly forty years. The copper was taken to Macclesfield ; and, ‘with calamine from Derbyshire, made inio biass at that place. Last summer an attempt’ was made again ta get the ore, and a furnace erected for reducing it. I was there the day after the trial, which had not succeeded, owing to the poorness of the-ore, and want of skill * J regret that I did not examine this sub- stance more particularly ; I suspect it to con- tain baroselenite and cale spar, like the cawk of Derbyshire, in the persons employed. Icoald dise cern the presence of copper in small streaks in the product, by the assistance of a lens, and also on the irons employed to stir the ore when in fusion. The cop- per ores are found intermixed with those of lead, lying in the confused state I have described. Something hike a reyu- lar vein was opened last summer, its di- rection nearly vertical, its width about three feet, with a floor of cawk inter- posed between the ore and the rock on one side; the other was United with the sand-ruck. The ore, as it was called, was of a reddish-brown colour, extremely hard, with quartz pebbles imbedded, within it. Neither its specific gravity, nor appearance, gave indication of the presence of copper. On trial, I found it precipitated that metal upon iron frony a nitrous solution. It is more properly an iron-stone combined with copper py- rites, than an ore of copper: it contains very little of the latter metal. The most remarkable production of the place is cobalt ore, which was very recently dis- covered here, existing in the red sand- stone. It had long been unyoticed or employed in mending the roads, until a miner, who bad worked upon the Conti- nent, and seen the cobalt ores of Saxony, first discovered it in the estate of a gen- tleman 10 the neighbourhood. The at. tention of the tenants of the Alderley Mines was then directed to the subject, and the Cobalt mines were let for one thousand pounds per annum, to a com= pany near Pontefract, in Yorkshire. The proprietor of Alderley Edge is Sir I. T. Stanley, bart. whose grounds and seat are in its immediate vicinity. The ores of cobalt, so valuable to the manu. facturers of porcelain and paper, are very scarce in this island, They have been found in small quantities in Cornwall,_ chiefly of the kind called grey cobalt ore, which contains cobalt combmed with iron and arsenic. The ore at Alderley is the black cobalt ochre of mineralogists, It is in the farm of grains, of*a bluish- black colour, ‘The best specimens in. colour and appearance, resemble grains of gunpowder, disseminated in red sand= stone, or lying in thin seams between - the stone, which has a shistose or slaty fracture. It hes from eight to ten yards under the surface, and is got out in thin pieces, and separated afterwards as much as possible from the stone}; it is then packed in tubs, and sent near Pon. tefract, where it is manufactured into ppialt, Amidst the confusion of mineral substances oe ‘ s 1811.) Substances at this place, there are some distinct features of regularity. |The co- balt ore is stratified, and though near, i3 separate from the other ores: itis chiefly, ‘if not entirely, in the red sand-stone. It lies near the surface, and is evidently of later formation than the other part of the hill; as the red sand-stone, where it is found, always lies upon, or intersects, the white. The latter: stone is the repo- sitory of the other metals. , The quality of the smalt produced from it does not equal that made from foreign cobalt. Whether this inferiority arise from the nature of the ore, or some de- fect inthe process of separation, may be doubtful. Cobalt is one of the most re- fractory metals in the hands of the che- mical analyst. It is so intimately com- bined with iron, nickel, and arsenic, that ‘its separation, in a state of perfect purity, is a process requiring great care, and at- tended with considerable difficulty. Co- _ balt, in its metallic form, has not hitherto been applied to any useful purpose, Amongst German miners cobalt ores were long known, before their nature or _ use was suspected. Finding frequently - ablack substance, which impeded their progress in the mines, cut across the ‘metallic veins, and occasioned them much trouble, they called it cobbel, the name of a fearful dwmon, the genius of these subterranean abodes; against whose wicked machinations their priests had a Latin form of prayer, in which he ts styled Gubalus. In Yorkshire, where __ many Saxon words are retained, ignorant nurses still appal the terrified imagination __ efchildren, with the threatened approach ‘of Cobby. _ The ores of cobalt are separated as £0 Letters of a Wanderer through England and Wales. [Feb. 1, - is again mistaken. He then states that a very ancient colony, no one ever knew -when, or how, I believe, ‘“ of the Celta, gave naméto the Cimbric Chersonesus ;” but here no proof is adduced, except that the Celtes had been accounted Cimmerians. His whole treatise is built en the unfounded supposition, that men gave names to nations: his labour there- fore to. trace and fix Celtic colonies in Europe and Asia, is great; but his proofs of colonization are attended with so many absurdities, and so many old words are used without being analysed, and without being given applicable imports, that you can reiy on no premises which he assumes; and yet he says so many things which are worthy of notice, that he has been recommended by good au- thors., ‘« From the word Cal, a-harbour, or Calis, the Romans, he thinks, formed Portus Iccius;” but he knew not the im- port of Calis, norIccius. Of the first of these, the ending in Is, means little, or Jow; and Jc is.often a diminutive in names; hence Calis may imply the little Port; and Portus Iccius, the same: but Calis has a low projecting point of land ; and Cal, in this name, may mean Head, and. Js imply low, which would exactly describe this territory, or bead. What he says of Portus-Cale, or Portugal, is more reasonable than most of his derivations: but of the import. of Lusitania, he is to- tally in the dark; as he is also of Lyshon, or Lisbon. But to return to Galatza.— This comes from Col, or Cal, an head, Gvhich is also written Gal) as in the fal- lowing examples: in Calcedon, in Ga- licia, in Galata, a mountain of Phocis; an Caledonia, in Galway, in Galloway, in Colophon, in Calpe, in Calabria, in Callipolis, now Gallipolis; and in jan hundred other vames of places begin= ning with these syllables, situated on the globe, at heads or ends of lands. Af, in Galatia, is the same asin Galata, an headland and suburb of Constantinople ; and, as in a great variety of other places, it is derived from Ad, water. Ia, is ter- ritory; and Galatia, whose head lies on the Euxine sea, will imply the Water Head, or Border Tesgritory. The ety- mons “ thrust out at a distance,” and s! pushed forward,” given by Monsieur B.. are as near the truth perhaps as any terms taken from the common words ot language, which had no direct re- ference to the features of nature, could have been produced; --but the word head, or end, here, and fhore particu- _Tarly in the instances which follow, arg so evidently meant by it in the names ~ of so many head-lands, and land’s-ends, throughout the globe ; and its derivation from Col or Cal, a head, is so direct, certain, and plain, that I much wonder some one had not before discovered and proved its applicability. But authors have never looked to the world, and its names, for the language of Nature; and- taking for granted what wanted proof, contented themselves with supposing, mankind gave names to places, instead of places having given them these very names. Let us now trace this name¢_to Iberia, Celt Iberia, Lusitania, Espana, Spain, Portugal. Spain, authors say, was early called Iberia, from a colony of Iberians from Mount Caacasus; or from the river Iberus: yet the ancients, they say, considered Iberia only that part from the Pyrennees to Calpe. Not- withstanding, they assert, that the true Iberia was that part called Celt Iberia, from a body of Celts settling in it, bounded by the Tberus: and they derive Iberia from the Hebrew Heber, or the Chaldee, Syriac, or Pheenician, Ekra or Ibra, which, in the singular, implies a passage ; and in the plural, bounds or limits. It appears also, they state, tnat the Pheenicians called Spain Spanija, or Sphanija, from Shapan or Span, a rabbit, as it abounded with rabbits, OF the derivations,. ‘* passage,” or “ bounds,” and “ limits,” nothing can be said ; because the great features of Nature do not refer to such denominations.. A. B. ——— ; For the Monthly Magazine. THE LETTERS OF A WANDERER. . LETTER V. 1 my last I told you it was our inten- tion to proceed across the mountains to Haws-water; and I am now seated to give you some account of our excursion over one of the wildest tracks in Nature ; where however, there was still much.to_in- terest us from its novelty, and being al- most wholly different from any thing we had seen before, afforded us considera- ble amusement. When we quitted Ken- dal, the morning was hazy, and heavy vapours occasionally floating over the distant mountains, obscured them from sight, and rendered us apprehensive we should have an uncomfortable day. As it advanced towards noon, the sun eimer- ged from bebind its sable shroud, and its vivifying beams soon cleared the air, and Jeft us nothing more to wish for on the score af weather. At the distance of * * tour 1811.) Letters of a Wanderer through England and Wales. “four or five miles from Kendal, we quit- ted tke usual road to Penrith over Shap Fells, and pursued the way along a nar. row valley, enclosed by rocky heights, which opened as we advanced, and ad- mitted of a wider space betwixt: where a few traces of tolerable cultivation be- came visible, and some cottages, scat-, tered over the plain, proclaimed it the abode of human beings; a dreary one, unquestionably, even at the finest season | of the year, In the depth of winter, it must be truly horrible ; and such as, were some of the gay votaries of Fashion, the children of luxury and dissipation, to be condemned to pass one season only amidst ‘its wild recesses, 1 am of opinion they would be tempted to put a speedy period ‘totheircaptivity, and, generally speaking, useless existence, together, in the stream which winds along the plain, and intersects the small enclosures that display their verdure on the flat, and in some parts mingle on the mountains’ sides with tang- led copses, and grey. rocky precipices, which rise above each other to the sum- mits of the ridges, and present a rather pleasing variety to the general wildness of thescene, From thence, the dale again becomes contracted, and the heights en- crease in yrandeur of appearance, till some of them become conspicuously promi- nent and awful; an endless variety of cascades, like stripes of silver, issuing from springs upon the mountain-tops, rushed Faouly down the craggy steeps, swelling, we were told, after storms, or heavy rains, to astonishing magnitude, and pouring impetuously from cliff to cliff, seeming to » threaten universal destruction to the nar- ct row plain below. As the dale grows still more contracted towards its extremity, the road beg:ns to ascend a rugged, steep, and winding path, tothe summit, of a _ considerable height, from which we had an extensive view of the surrounding country; and in the distance, perceived it was varied and agreeable: while the hearer prospect was as bleak, wild, and desolate, as fancy can picture: and we were by no means sorry when, having reached the top of the ascent, that would strike terror into the breast of many a , native of the rich, flat, cultivated plains of England, we began to descend by an easier and a safer road, into the vale of ‘Mardale, where, though there appeared but little to call f.zth admiration, we be- lieved the scenery would prove more pleasing to the sight, than the cold and desolate height we had crossed; nor ‘Were we altogether disappointed in the - & ‘ . 2% expectation we had formed. An air of ro- mantic wildness reigned throughout the whole, considerably encreased by a small piece of water, on whose unfruitful banks Jay rocky fragments, and immense-sized single stones, of various shapes and hues: wluie a small chapel at a short distance, overhung by mournful yews, completed the scene, and inspired the mind with feelings of pensive melancholy, not wholly useless in their consequences, nor, upon occasions, disagreeable in the indulgence. At length the view of the beautiful lake of Haws-water opened on our sight, and filled uswith rapturous admiration. No-= thing can bemore lovely than the prospect which is here disclosed to the admiring eye of a traveller, in the charming bosom of the lake, with its noble accompani- ments of rocks, woods, towering precie pices, and simple rural scenery. On the opposite side from us, an immense ridge of craggy mountains reared their majestic fronts, separated from the water only by a. narrow stripe of cultivated ground, where small enclosures of the sweetest verdure were divided by rows of hazel and thorn hedges, and a few straggling cottages peeped from amidst groups of low trees, and formed, with their whitened walls, a charming contrast to the shades: in which they were enves loped, and the rugged precipices of the alpine heights that rose behind their little cultivated fields. On the southern side, a huge naked precipice, called Wal- low Crag, rose. boldly from its base; and near itsrough uniruitful heights, there isa cataract, we were told, of uncommon beauty ; but not having explored its hid- den recess, I cannot affirm whether it exceeds or equals many of the number of beautiful cascades which are to be seen in the neighbourhood of the nor- thern Jakes. . Continuing our course along the bore ders of the lake, we found its charms encreasing as we advanced. The heights of Naddle Forest, and Malkside upon the eastern shore, arose in solemn majesty, clothed with wood to the very summits, and reflected in the placid bosom of the water; while neat white cottages amidst tufted trees and bushes, occasionally met the sight, and seemed, to use the language ofan early and ad- mired tourist, the abodes of ‘ peace, rus» ticity, and happy poverty.’” These moune tains on the western shore, exhibit 2 charming diversity of heathy knolls, and craggy precipices, with here and there a wee or Cluster of wees, starting from the crevices ba 22 Letters ofa Wanderer through England and Wales. [Feb. 3, | crevices of the rocks, and by their rich and vivid colouring, adding indescri- ‘bably to the beauty of a scene replete with loveliness, variety, and richness: a scene, that cannot fail to elevate the soul to the Creator of the universe, and con- vey the bighest sensations of gratitude and delight. About the midle of the lake, alow pro- montory divides the water almost into equal parts, and there the depth is said to be upwards of fifty fathoms. Though in- ferior in size to several of the lakes in Cumberland and Westmoreland, Haws- water is no less distinguished .than its neighbours, by bold and romantic scenery, Like a number of amiable characters amongst the human race, it is hid from general notice by its retired sequestered situation, consequently known onty to.a few of the number, who make what is called the Tour of the Lakes,” and visited but by those who are capable of appre- ciatingits beauties, and bestowing on them that praise and admiration they so justly merite In Jength Haws-water is about three miles, and at the widest part does not exceed half an one. - It produces char, perch, trout, eels, bass, and other fish ; and its banks display the most beautiful assemblage imaginable of rocks and raountains, woods and cultivated grounds : in the whole, forming one of the finest land- scapes which a painter, or an admirer of Nature’s scenery, could desire to behold. You know my predilection for the simple beauties of Nature, and my dislike to whatever bears the appearance of art, ina spot where all that could be done to render it charming has been effected ; you will therefore feel surprised at my giving the scenery around Haws-water a decided preference to that which isnow to be seen upon the borders of some of the greater and highly-celebrated lakes in the northern counties, where all native simplicity and interesting loveliness is banished by the hand of art; which, as far as what is termed modern improve. ment could go, has tortured and distor- ted Nature’s works; dressed, shaved, and trimmed, spots, which were, in their original state, beauty without a fault, but which now exhibit only the formality of a -eitizen’s villa, and evince the absurd and glaring impropriety of erecting palaces and shew-houses where the surrounding objects present the boldest and most rug- ged features imaginable. or the ‘sweetest simple rural scenery, replete with pastoral beauty, harmony, and natural loveliness, ¢ Of this number is Ulls-water, of which ¥ shall give youan account in mynext. At present, I shall hasten to conduct you te Penrith, which we reached after a plea. sant ride of about twelve miles, as the shades of evening had cast a sombre man- tle over the surrounding objects; when, being somewhat fatigued with our journey, and long fast, (for we had tasted nothing from the time of leaving Kendal but a little bread and milk in a cottage near Haws-water,) we enjoyed an excellent supper at the principal inn in the town, and sought repose in beds, which, for cleanliness and comfort, could not have been exceeded in a palace. Penrith, I believe, you have visited, or at leastknow so mueh of, that I need not attempt giving you along description of ° itself, or its immediate neighbourhood. Suffice it to say, the houses are of ared-" dish-coloured stone, in general wearing an air of peculiar neatness and comfort 3 the streets are clean, and the whole place appears thriving, populous, and gheerful, The situation of Penrith is agreeable, be- ing in the midst of an extensive fertile plain, watered by the rivers Lowther and Eamont, on the banks of which are se- veral elegant seats and villas, where art and nature have united in rendering them abodes of comfort, convenience, and beauty. On the northern side of the plain there is a high extensive ridge, over which the road to Scetland by Carlisle passes, and whence there is one of the finest views inthe kingdom, As my companion had never seen this view, we rode to thé top of the hill on the morning of the day we passed at Penrith, and enjoyed the ~ sight of the surrounding landscape with much sstisfaetion; for the sky being wholly free of cloud or vapour,.we easily discerned the plain around the ancient city of Carlisle, about twenty miles dis- tant, and found the prospect only bounded by a chain of far-off Scottish mountains, losing all traces of individual grandeur as they seemed to mingle with the sky. Of Uliswater, on the other side, and its ma- Jestic towering boundaries, we had a bird’s- eye peep, and anticipated much gratifica. tion by a nearer survey of their beauties on the succeeding day. Inthe evening we had a charming stroll in the environs of the town ; and on the following morning - at an early hour, pursued our way to wards the justly-celebrated lake of Ulls- water, passing by some ancient mansions’ on the read to Pooley Bridge (where we purposed breakfasting), the heavy archi- tecture of which presents a striking con< trast 7811.7 trast to the airy lightness, and unquestion= ably more elegant, style of building of modern times. Adieu: believe ine, My friend, most truly, yours, &c. Tue WaNDERER. ee For the Monthly Magazine. ABSTRACT of «@ JOURNAL kept in MaRy- LAND, in the years 1805 und 1806. WAUE wars, oppressions, and calami- ties, of Europe, have contributed amazingly within the last twenty years to the population and commercial pros- rity of the United States. The popu- ation is supposed to have more than doubled itself, and the imports and ex- ports have been centupled. The federa. pheenix has risen from the ashes of the old continent,. for so many years a prey to the devouring elements of tyranny and discord. She extends her wings over a vast and fertile region, watered by ma- _ jestic rivers, and blessed with a variety of suial climates. There the squalid pea- sant of Ireland, who starved and rotted in filth and misery, on 1s. per day in his native country, now earns with ease his dollar and quarter, looks hale and ruddy, ~ walks with the port and dignity of inde- pendant manhood, and, by his sparkling | eyes, elevated towards Heaven, seems to pour forth with an habitual devotion bis gratitude to Providence, for having brought him to a Jand flowing with milk and honey; where the labourer is worthy of his hire, and where he has a certain prospect, with moderate industry, of be- coming in a short time the proprietor of afarm. There the German farmer may purchase the best land at a cheap rate, and free from fiscal tyranny and grinding taxation ; he may speedily amass a heap of his beloved dollars, which are the ob- jects of daily labour, and the penate gods of his nightly devotions. There may the tsecuted philosopher and friend of Siberty, find a peaceful asylum, and pro- secute his studies in the laboratory of slieltered by Arcadian groves on the beautiful bordsrs of the meandering and mic Susquehannah, unapprehensive of danger to himself, or to his apparatus, from the infernal aufo-de-fes of furious brigntry and sanguinary despotism. There a e mercantile adventurer carve out his fortane with a rapidity traly astonish. ing, and live surrounded by all the con- veniencies, comforts, and elegancies, of life, There may the man of God go to Nature, either in the crowded city, or Absiract of a Journal kept in Maryland. es Heaven his own way, without paying toll by any of the privileges of his citizenship, Tnfirmity is inseperable from the state of man and nations; and though philoso= pby may dictate, prescribe, and foresee ; though wise governments may enact the best possible code of laws, yet cannot they prevent and obviate all the evils arising from the passions and favorite pursuits of individuals and communities. That education has an important in= fluence on the human mind and cha- racter, cannot be doubted; and that the nature and variety of worldly pursuits have an all-powerful tendency to strengthen or weaken the principles of a, virtuous education, and consequently to produce either happiness or misery, in the proportion in which virtuous princi- ples are imbibed, and to the number and nature of temptations in our passage. through life, may be considered’ a self. evident maxim. ! a The experience of all ages and nations. refers to agriculture, as the primaval and principal source of health, virtue, and happiness, In the mutual, real, and arti- ficial, wants of individuals, societies, and nations, originated barter and commerce. In their infancy, they were the hands maids of agriculture, by taking off her superfluity from the fertile regions of the globe, and exchanging it for the precious metals, minerals, and drugs, of barren and inhospitable shores. In process of time, however, they have become the mis- tresses of their natural mistress; and though things must eventually recur to their original state, yet not without vios lent convulsions and general calamity, we have beheld the ministry of England, for the last twenty years, regulating agri culture (or rather deranging it) by its pare liamentary influence in the enacting of laws, by its commercial arrangements, and treaties with foreign powers, and. by, its orders of Council; and though the holy zealot, and alarmed and selfish friend, of his country’s liberty, to the exclusion of other parts of the world, from a similar, enjoyment, may have given the ministr credit for its chivalrous attempt to defend the religion and law of Farope againgt the infidelity and anarchy of France, yet the political arithmetician detects the jaa tent, but real cause, in its unextinevish. able hatred of France—the consequence of her interference in the American war, and in the opportunity which her revolue tion seemed to afford England of anni- hilating her industry and commerce, and abs ax Remarks on Pratt’s Poem of the * Lower World.” (Keb. 1, of extending her own upon its ruins,over, becomes a bad cause, even as to its ge* | the whole habitable face of the globe, by the.empire of the seas. The speeches of Lord Sheffield, Aukland, &c. and the annual budget ‘speeches, proclaim tri- uimphantly ihe encreasing and flourishing state of our trade, no doubt, as a vind. €ation of the war, and as a reason for its coutinuance. Sheffield asserted in a speech, about five yearsago, that the car- rying trade had encreased from two mil- fions at the commencement of the war, to five millions, in a period of less than five years. Thus has commerce not only subsidized Agriculture to her purposes, but likewise the denion War, to the former of which she was once tributary, and to the latter she was reckoned a deadly foe, whose extinction she threatened by enlightened ideas, the- mutual interchange of good offices, and general philanthropy. Thus are the ostensible objects of the war unmasked, and the real one appears to be to extend and force the commerce of England by the point of the bayonet, end the thunder of her wooden walls, over a continent deluged with blood, and an ocean stained with crimes! It is almost superfluous to enlarge wpon the bad effects of a system repro- bated alike by sound policy, justice, hu- manity, and religion. Even in the most just, necessary, and merely defensive, wars, which may have been undertaken for the achievement and preservation of our liberties, and the security of our com- merce, the cruelties and horrors which ~have been mutually inflicted and occasi- oned by armies, and the miseries endured by families and individuals, are indescri- bable. If then so much evil is the result of even just and necessary wars, what ’ must be expected from a war entered into from the base and filthy motive of lucre, and from the sanguinary ambition of a shameful cupidity to extend our commerce over the face of the habitable globe? If, according to religion, philo- sophy, and sound policy, the means be not sanctified and justified by the end; if war be condemned asa sin by the divine, as immoral by the philosopher, and as the worst mode of settling the disputes of nations, by the politician, it would of, course be the height of absurdity to snp- pose that the means can sanctify and justify the end. If a good cause be dis- graced by improper means used in its. defence, how much more is it disgraced and injured by employing these means in premoting it, to the manifest injury of surrouading nations, Thea indged it neral results, because the many become sufferers for the benetit.of the few. os - are. ae ‘ E To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. "srr, M ANY of your pages have tended to promote the amelioration of the con- dition and sufferings of the Animal World, thereby inculcating the sacred duties of- justice and mercy. On this subject you have been Jaudably ready to give fair and full scope to whatever illustrated or enforced it. To maintain the cause of humanity, ts highly pleasing to every good man ; and more honour is derived {rom it, than from inquiries which tend only to amuse the mind, or gratify curiosity. The anecdote communicated by your correspondent, ‘ Zoophilus,” in thé Monthly Magazine for September, on the effects of gratitude in a wild bull, deeply impressed and interested me, Gratitude can be the result only of kind- ness, either intended orreceived. And although [ recollect too many instances where the result of kiud@gess has been ingratitude amongst human beings, it very rarely follows any marks of mercy, - or even of due consideration, shewn to= ward animals, “ Zoophilus” has adduced of the wild bull, is certainly a very powerful illus. tration of this fact; but. it would not be dificult to extract from the authentic stories of Natural History, various other instances of gratitude arising from sense of oblig returning generosity for generosity, and. compassion for compassion. In regard . to other animals of the fiercest nature, as the lion, the elephant, the tyger, &c. I lately met with some curious .parti- — culars in the notes to an elegant pocm lately published by Mr. Pratt, to which ~ Tam anxious to refer your readers ; and, by the bye, I cannot resist stating the. pleasure which J have derived from read ing that production. It is entitled, The Lower World, not, referring ‘to the infernal regions, but” lower, in a moral and rational sense, and consists of 4 strong appeal to mankind in favour of the brute creation. The life of the benevolent author has been devoted to constant labour, on this and other kin- — dred subjects; and if he had not written. his Sympathy, and Humanity, this pro- duction alone would entitle him to a place amoug the poets of Britain. In short, Sheridan, Pratt, Wolcot, meg ; 3 an The example whigh ation, and even in the way of | j 9811.) and Cumberland, are surviving members of the old schoul of literature and poetry; and it is grievous to see the triamphs of a pigmy race, while the works of the ge- huine bards of the country are neglected, and even insulted by venal criticism, _ which sterling genius scorns to court, or purchase. I feel a strong desire to occupy an oc- _easional page of your excellent miscel- Jany, in adding my mite to the cause of _genuine benevolence, from the body of evidence which I have from time to time been collecting from my own observas tiuns, or from written documents; and I hope you will encourage your corre- January Se or ae ‘fe February +> *> o° - March ate ae Ay 30 April - we SS od oi May oe ee we oe June oo in =. ar July oe cae ~ ee ee August . «- oe os ay Septem aie es ae oe . [Octobe ee es ae a ‘November lee oe ee ee December «+ +. a) ee Mean Temperature Notwithstanding the great variations in several of the months for the two years, the Average temperature for the whole .years differs but very little, only about three quarters of a degree. -The quantity of rain is much less than that "which fell during the year 1809 ; but he- tween the 18th of October to about the same day in December, there fell nearly fourteen inches in depth, a circumstance exceedingly unusual at that season of the year. During the year 1810, the brilliant days, and those on, which it rained, were pretty nearly equal; the proportions will stand thus: ‘ é No. of days, Brilliant days - - 148 ~ Rainy ° - - - 142 Those on which there was snow orhail 7 Days denominated fair - 50 Cloudy or foggy days ~ - 18 365 — Montusy Mac, No. 209. Meteorological Observations at Highgate. 25 spondents in general to cooperate with me. W.S. Situ. Richmond, Dec. 4, 1810. a To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. str, p HIS being the season to enumerate the leading facts connected with the meteorological observations of the last year, I shall, as has. been, customary in your Magazine, give in a tabular view the average heat of each month for the last and preceding years, and an, account of the quantity of rain in each month of the year 1810. ——— nt Quantity of rain in* depth 1809. 13810. in inches. 33130. | 35-710.) dont hah 44-200 | 36-210 f— a 42-536 | 49-052" =» —— 2,00 42-200 | 44-930 ‘ —_— — .2;00 36120 | 54131 t J 58-033 | 61-200 62316 | 60966$— — 600 64-220 | 60322 61-000 | 62:866 — == _6'57 49350 | 54800 — —— 2.00 41500 | 42300 — — 900 36 500 36680 — = 483 49059, | 49-72 cftamnr b s0 40 According to the vanes in this neigh- bourhood, the westerly and north-wes- terly winds have been much the most frequent. We observéd in our last an- nual account, that our observations were at variance with those made at the aparte ments of the Royal Society, in Somerset- house; for, according to the account given there, the winds from the gouth- west are usually predominant: by the Observations at Highgate, 1810. No, of days, North - x 2 South = ~ - 6 West - - - Th East ~ - - If North-west ~ - - 8&8 North-east = - > 49 South-west = - - 38° Southeast = - 61 { 865 January was remarkable for its dar days; fogs were by no means prevalent; but, 7 os , Sn “96 Kat in the’n\onth of February, ‘they were more frequent; and one day it was ‘so’ dark, that alinost all business was, for a considerable time, suspended. * March Was remarkable for the heaviest fall of “snow: during the whole winter, which was succeeded by a vast quantity of rain. ° May was aiuild and very pleasant month. June was! dla, the wind chiefly in the > ‘north-east we usvally have jin’ the | Uspting” of the year from five to seven or eight’ Weéks ii which the easterly winds © preva 12°“Phis°month was so dry that a 2 'Seateity was apprehended, and even pre- Asdieteetlby 2 awriter of popular talents; but who was, fortunately mistaken in” his News. Owing to the vast drought at this + period of the ye: year, the crop of hay was - short;“afid its price has kept up, to the } present time, to nearly ten pounds a load. } {ngno; part of the summer had we what )may be denominated suliry weather. | The hottest day was on the 25th of June, bill aun mm” Meteorological. Observations at Carlisle. we Je | | if beh nhl than 80°. Tn August even, ther mor i and evenings were complained of a cold and chilly ; and so much rain fell about this season, as to alarm the public . at Jarge, as well as the farmers, lest they should have no means of housing a very abundant harvest. The rains however ceased in good time, and by their Jong continuance a plentiful second crop of hay crowned the hopss of those whose farms are chiefly meadow-land, In Sep- tember the weather was cold and wet for the season; but October was a beautiful “wonth, as it usually is in this part of the . island. November and December were, as we have observed, noticed for their . large quantities of rain... The.weather vas mild to the end of the year; but to- wards the close, violent winds did much mischief in various parts of the country: ‘andon the night of Christinas-day, there was a deal of lightning for several hours; in some quarters during the whole night. snd/on that the-mercury was not higher Highgate, Jan. 8, 1811. Jed, A ——ia . = Soe kent > For the Monthly Magazine. / _ METEOROLOGICAL AnstRacT for the Teo) - last TWELV® MONTHS at CARLISLE. , 4 - wererather stormy; So a Thermometer. Barometer. © Rain. |= 2 ’ or (aaa { \titn PY | ee a Nr la - es 3 High)Low | Mean/High | Low} Meaa | Inches/Q |S.E. , Janpary 51 | 18 /36, 9130,36)29,70/30,086 | 1,84 8) 24) 7 February 53 | 14 [57,62/30,45128,86/29,777 |°1,22 | 13 | 18 } 10 Marth’ D2") 2o38s«¢ gees aiepes 29,681 | 3,80 {| 17 | 11 | 20 ‘ falprif! 2 68 | 35 | 164,68}30,28 29, 24/29,8455| 1,01 | 15 | 18 | 12 Mamayo oboe oliga]oe7 fag, a}3o, 43129, 47199,97. | 53} 6 | 12 |°19 lines Vise: 78 | 42 |59,35/30, 44|29,76|30,12 | -1,60 & | 14} 16 ng qaly 38 9 bn 71 1-49 |59,98|30, 17|¥9, 36/29,782 | 3,24 | 93 | 23'} 8 T erfAugust .yi9 74] 49 |59,02/30,27/29,34|29,865 } 3,92-| 21 | 24 7 spiepcember) 73.) 44 |5G,29]30,4829,60130,0617} 1,70 | 6 | 15 | +45 -dopohistg ber 664 31 {285 4|30,44|28,88}29,93 3,12 9 | 18 f 435 ofNovember 51, | 28, /39,, 6|30,88)29,90}29,50 | 3,35 | 16 | 14] 46. December 51 |. 22: 128,-2/30, 718 98,67/29,6573| 4,30 |. 19 | #3 8 weyeb ido ates “|= 7 : Ta ; Os An. Mean. Mean 99 ,8563|.-28,73 | 161.| 214.) 151 chan Annl. Total (PoraliTotast Generui Remarks on the “Weather, Se. observed at Carlisle, during the Year qSio.. - JANUARY was- remarkably» mild till Wothe 1Sth, the-1st, 14th, and 12th, afterwards, moderate _ frost: with light “showers of snow. , The weather was, on the whole, unusually fine the s€asort.” ee PRG: ‘62P je former half of this dont) was fair, mild, and exceeding pleasant; ‘the remainder was variable, and often very stormy, with heavy falls of snow, when,all the surrounding mouns tains were perfectly white. ae Blarch was. a very wet and gloomy month, the quantity of rain, 3,8 inches, is nearly equal to that which fell here » ine the corresponding month during, the last. five years: the weather was) cold, and the motntains were generally cos vered with snow, “dlpril was dry, but, on the whole, seasonable and pieasanty the weather, during the last week of the month, was very warin, with a serene and aa hi . sky. Z a ta 181} a ‘ sky. The first swallows this season were seen on the 6th; they were nuniecrous on the 18th. ‘May. The mean temperature of this monti:, 48° 4’, is extremely low for the season. ‘The weather was uniformly cold and dry, with brisk parching easterly winds, which -proved very unfavourable to vegetation, The mountains were fre- quently covered with snow. ~ June. The extreme’ drought which ‘prevailed during this, and the two prece- ding months, wasseverely felt here as well aS in every other part of the kingdom, The weather this month was gonerally bright, the days hot, and the-nizhts cold “and frosty. ‘Phe quantity of rain, 1,6 inches, fell chiefly on the @8th and ‘20th. * July. The moist and showery weatlier Beech ces this ‘month ‘was productive of the most beneficial effects to the grain crops. The, highest degree of tempera- ture, 719, is ‘unusnally low for the season, - yet the average fur the whole monthis _ nearly equal to that..of the same period August. The weather this month was, on the whole, very favourable for the hevodell On the Sd and 4th we had some vivid lightning and loud peals of thunder; also on the Sist, a dreadful storm of thunder and Tightning, which commenced itt the evening and continued nearly all night ; during the former part of the storm, rain, mixed with hail, fell in torrents, September, On the ist of this month we were visited by another violent storm of thunder, lightning, and rain. Two women were struck down by the lightning, and stunned for several hours, but for- tunately recovered; four cattle were killed by the electric fluid in this neigh- __ bourhood.. A monument in Stanwix * church-yard was struck by the lightning » and much shattered; two massy stones -cramped together, of which the pedestal -was compesed, were separated to up- 4 wards of a foot distance. The turrents of rain and hail which fell at the time _ déluged the streets of this city to such a degree, that many of the ground-floors were covered with water. During the night of the 2d, the sky was illuminated ) with incessant gleams of lightning, when at thetime it w as.quite serene and cloud- ~ hess. The heat of this and the preceding day was uncommonly oppressive. ‘Fhe weatlicr afterwards continued fair, cali, and brilliant, and extremely fine through- gut the whole of the month, ‘The days ” ie oo | Nl, ee a Meteorological Observations at, Carlisle. of former years. a 27 were liot and the nights,cold, with heavy. dews. The hirundines disappeared the beginning of this month; the prece ding year they continued with: us till the aed of October, October continued fair, ant, aud" exceedingly fine, ull the 18th, duving which period the mid-day heat was un- commonly powerful.” From the 18th till the 23d, the weather was very wet and stormy; the remainder was variable, when we had some strong frost in the nights. At the conclusion of this montit many of the highest mountains in this brilh neighbourhood were capped with snow; — and, with regard to the weather, oe may be said to have commenced . reign, November. In the’ former part of ° this month we had some considerable falls of snow, particularly on the 2d and” 6th; that which fell on the latter day did not disappear from the fields before the” 10th. The weather continued variable, with intervals’ of frost and mild rai; , towards the latter end of the month it ° * ‘ . asl was sometimes. bright’ and’ pleasant. . The wind, with some trifling exceptions, ~ was moderate, and on eight days we ex-< perienced a dead calm: “the mountains * were generally covered.«with snow, Not” withstanding the very fine autumn, we ° never remember a corn harvest atatinge . ing for so long a period as the present ; it commenced in this district tie bevin- ning of August, and was scarcely coin- pleted at the end of this month; in the’ higher districts of this county some fields at this time were not reaped. ’ December... The unseasonable mild‘ part of this month, was, as ustal, at- i ‘ ’ ‘ 7 ‘weather experienced during the greater | tended with violent wihdsahannieh: rain.’ The only frost worth recording, was‘on ‘ the 9th, 10th, and 11th. On the night ° of the 20th, we had some extremely vivid” lightning and distant thunder; ou .the following day the wind blew a viclent hurricane from the $.8.E. from which time tll the 26th; the weather continued very stormy, with lightning in the nights 5 the last three days of the mbuth were calm and pleasant, and inclined to frost. The two extremes of the barometer for the whole year happened this month,” within ‘the short period ‘of five days, namely 28°67 on the 25th, and 30°70 on ° the 80th. The mountains were fres quently covered with snow, Wiitram Pitt. Carlisle, January 2, 1811. er. ee . » 28 Ld the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. iiGBLRs I T'EEL pleasure in complying withthe request, in your last Number, of the Rev, Mr. Smyth, “That I would state what I know with respect to an_ instru. mént inveated by Mr. Clagget, viz. his forks struck by hammers, as on the square piano-forte ;” because L conceive practi- cal experience cannot be too frequently collated with theoretical speculation, in order that their reciprocal advantages may be usefully employed in perfecting sientific and mechanical discoveries. On’this particular invention, however, I fear I shall be able to. add but little.to the information Mr. Smyth already pos- sesses. An instrument that would continue always in tune is undoubtedly an impor- tant desideratum in the musical world ; but the various and expensive experi- ments of Mr. Clagget, leave but little hope, in my mind, of the speedy ac- complishment of an object so desirable. The invention, enquired after, Mr.. Clagget intended to name the Ever-tuned: ptono-forte, and it was designed, to re- semble that instrument in appearance ; but instead of strings, a series of metallic forks were arranged in octaves to the Same compass and pitch; and the tones were intended to be produced by striking them with hammers, for which purpose the usual movement attached to the keys wasemployed. It was found, however, that the force with which they could be. struck, was inadequate to produce the desired effect. To obviate this difficulty, the weight of the hammers was. consider - ably increased, and their extremities ren- dered less elastic, by which. means the tone came out, but it was preceded by one discordant and insuflerably distinct, occasioned by the, necessary momentum of the blow. This objection has been hitherto found insuperable; as every at- tempt to overcame it has proportionably lessened the audibility of the true tone of the fork. _ Experience seems to indicate that, to produce a full tone from these metallic substances, the vibratory cause must be @ continued one, as in the aieuton, If, indeed, percussion could be em- ployed at all, its momentum on every note must bé proportioned to its rela- tive quantity of matter; which would render the fingering unpleasantly dif- ficult. And Lkuow, although contrary to some established theories of musical sound, that, in this instrument, the gra= Claggett’s Piano-forte.—Food for Silk-Wornis. A ~~ aoe es al — [Feb. 1, _vity and acuteness of the tones were 80. much affected by the variable force of the blow, as to be clearly apparent to every musical ear; and accounts for that ine=. quality of voising noticed by Mr. Smyth, . I must observe that there was no difficulty whatever m the application of dampers ; but it was unnecessary to attend to these. particulars, while the essential requisites, of the invention remained unaccom- plished. . Upon the whole, it attained but a small degree of relative peifection with the aieuton ; and although Mr, Clagget ge nerally adhered, with a ruinous tenacity, to his inventions, yet he was induced to = give up this from a reluctant conviction, of its impracticability. This is all the information I am able to give, in answer, to Mr. Smyth’s enquiry. It is extremely superficial ; but, perhaps, it may reach the, extent of his curiosity. E, Lypiarr. London, Jan. 14, 1814. ; = " . To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR, i. err amusement, if not the. profit, derived by many from the breed-. ing and management of the silk-worm in, England, has induced me, through the, mediuin of your much-circulated miscel-, lany, to make known the best substitutes. for mulberry-leaves. | : In the year 1747, and following years,, some curious particulars were published respecting the breeding of silk-worms; L, have read nothing which does not give, the preference to mulberry-leaves, as, ‘their food; but should that foliage fail,. Nature has still farnished a supply by the — buds of the elm, lettuce-leaves, and even. the leaves of poplar, oak, apple-tree, crab-tree, cherry, and plum-tree, bram- blé, dandelion, young nettles, &c. tas king care to gather all, your forage dry, — and clean. . rr yen Thus the important obstacle of your correspondent, ** Pamphila,” may possi-,-- bly be wholly renyoved, as she admits that, , our climate is favorable to the breeding, but despairs of bringing them to any peére. fection, as far as relates to a sufficiency of food, or the manufacture of their silks It seems that a gentleman, who was. par=. ticularly curious in experiments on these worms, wound the silk with great facility, on acard, after dipping the bottoms inta, warm water, mixed with a little spirits. of wine; the chrysalis, placed erect on, the smallest end, in clean paper pans, afierwards assumed its new state, as well ae — Tae hoa ua BM] a8 if it had continued its full time in its silken case. Jun. 1811. - J. M. Frrnpatn. ——— For the Monthly Magazine. JOURNAL Of a recent vVoYAGE lO CADIZ. (Continued from vol. 30, p. 501.) Fanuary. 25, 1809. SHALL never have donesaying some- thing about churches: besides the new cathedral, as it is called, which I described to you the other day, there is ' another, wherein service is regularly per- formed. ‘The building is, very gloomy, rather small, and excepting the principal entrance, very little of the outside is to bescen. The door-way is loaded with a variety of sculptured marble, coats of arms, cherubs, &c. The high altar is, as usual, dazzling with gilded ornaments, _and the walls crowded with pictured saints, hanging in darkness. The occasion of my seeing it to-day, arose from the circumstance of paying funeral honours to the memory of the late president of the Junta, Count Flo- rida Blanea, The ceremony is called a function,a term applied by the Spaniards to almost every public entertainment, _and answers to the I'rench spectacle. This function was attended by the governor, the members of the Junta, the magistrates of the city, the heats of the various convents, foreign. ambassadors, consuls, &c. the officers of the army and marine, several British naval and mili- tary officers, merchants, &c. who met at: the town-hall, and paraded through the streets, which were. lined by the volun- . teers, who stood with their arms reversed. The crowd of people was immense, the windows and balconies were filled with beautiful females; but the greatest order and silence prevailed, and added to the solemnity of the occasion. On evtering the church, I was struck with the vast blaze of light caused by an innunrerable quantity of large wax flam- beaux in massy silverand gold candlesticks, sume of them being eight or more feet in height; which were burning at the altar, and around a temporary pyramidal mo- mument, the front of whicly bore an in- “seription descriptive of the character of the count. The service was chaunted, accom- panied by very sublime music on an or- gan, and a numerous orchestra of vocal aiid instrumental performers, which lasted price hours without the least intermis- sion: during this time, at intervals, the Wells were tolled amid the discharge of - - Journal of a recent Voyage to Cadiz. 29 artillery and musketry. There appeared to be a deal of piety mingled with the ceremony, and numberless were the times 3 that the congregation fell on their knees, muttered prayers, and counted their string of beads. Nearly at the close of - the service I was surprised to chserve a man busily delivering to certain persons one of those large wax flambeaux, to.be held lighted in the hagd. He distributed perhaps a hundred or more to the con vivados or guests who were the most distinguished in the procession ; when he had done; the ministers advanced from the altar to the body of the church, and chaunted the requiem forthe dead. The flambeaux were then fetched, and the people retired, 1 believe heartily glad to be released from so tedious a ceremony. The death of the count had been tov maily noticed by: the firing of minutes guns for several’ days after his demise, which was on the 30th of the last month, He was a man universally esteemed, but his great age of eighty-two years had na- turally rendered him incapable of sup= porting the fatigues and troubles attend. ing the important office he had just held as president of the Supreme Junta; but as a name only has often great weight at the head of large assemblies, and the ‘count being so highly. venerated by the court party, he was, at. the moment, considered to be a fit person for theiz. leader. The precipitate movement of the Sus preme Junta in the last month from Ma. drid to Aranjuez, thew subsequent res treat, and temporary dispersion, before the central Junta at Seville could resume its sitting, produced suchsan effect oa the count as to hasten his death. , The uncertainty of their movements was then'so great at this place, that the. governor published an address to the people, saying that he was without ins- telligence of their residence, and that ha did not, literally, know wihere to find them ; ‘and oar consul had nor for twelve days received any advices from the Eng= Jish ambassador, nor did he know where he was. Such was the seattered con- fusion among the protectors of this couns try! : he F I was informed that Spain has scarcely to boast of another man who applied him self so much for the good of his country as did Coant Florida Blanca: he seemed to wish to place it on a footing with the other nations of Europe, in respect to the happiness of the people, by the just administration of tiie laws, and by the ens cuouragement 0) couragement of learning. He was also the.chief means-of making the few good yoads thar [am told are in Spain; and he endeavoured to provide mvre accom- modation to the traveller at the inns or ventas, than which worse cannot be found in Europe. I will extract from the Seville Gazette, which I have received since { began this, a few paragraphs more descriptive of his character; it will give you an idea of Spanish newspaper biography. ** The study and exercise of jurisprudence, in which he shewed-bis talents and exqui- site erudition, opened to him a career of public employinent,-and the deserved fame which he attained. His name, ac- companied every day by new honours ac- quired in the delicate undertakings of the crown, drew him from. the narrow Jimits of the tribunal; and, he was ap- pointed by the wise choice of Charles ILL, to be minister plenipot€ntiary to the court of Rome, where his name and his lities will ever-be indelibly established, Phe king called him trom thence to be his first secretary of state, and to him are.indebted the arts, sciences, industry, ‘and all the branches of public, felicity whieh his beneficent hand had erected, and which twenty years of neglect, dis- erders, and-anti-national tyranny, could not destroy. ‘The envy of the man, who. from a favourite became a despot, drove him from the court; but the count showed that fortitude could not, be separated from wisdom. Retired, but not forgot- ten, ‘the count: lived until the necessity ef the monarchy and a national voice called him to Aranjuez to form the Su- preme Central Junta, of which he. was chosen president. In this elevated situa- tiou,. he dedicated his care, his zeal, znd his patriotism, which the weight of his years could not extinguish, to conso- lidate the national representation, which was to save tlie country from the invasion of the tyrant, aird from the consequences ef anarchy, more powerfur and terrible than bisarms. In Seville is his tomb, and with it remains tlie memory of the affectionate regards with which he leit his afflicted country, and the deceitful world,” Sanuary 28, 1899. This morving i had a cruise in the bay, and visited Port St. Mary, which is eight miles across... My friend F- accoin- panied me, but we had a tedious passage. Yhe morning was delightfully fine and the wind fair, (Fahrenbeit was 66° at eight o’clock); but when we got about - Journal of a recent Voyage to Cadiz. [Feb. 1, half way over, the atmosphere became suddenly clouded, it rained a torrent, and the wind opposed us.. The oars were then used until we came near some breakers, when all at once the.boatmen ceased. rowing,’ folded their arms, and were silent. Lt was explained tous that at this moment we were crossing the bar, whicb is always considered dangerous ta pass, and tbat the sailors were prayings accoiding to invariable custom, when: they geton it. Lown I didnot like this, suspension’ of labour, for the breakers were foaming around us; and instead of the boatmen being careful to avoid ace cident, it shoyld seem that by their~neg- lect they rather sought for it. The English sailors often have a duck- ing when -they go to Port St. Mary for water; owing, no douht, to their not being acquainted with the bar; and) it, has happened often since I have been. here; particularly the other day, when Captain ——, of the frigate, “was. conveying home some Spanish ladies. whom he had entertained on board his ship; his boat struck on the bar, it was upset, and the-cockswain was drowned. The captain, and his fair companions, were saved by the sailors, and some boats, that put off from the shore, and landed amid the smiles of the Spaniards, who, imputed this cireumstance to heresy. : . We entered the town by a flight. of wooden steps, where there is a barrier, attended by priests and officers, who ex-» ainine passports and search luggage: we. paid asmall fee, aud wenton, We, were soon surrounded by crowds of beggars;. _ and we could easily admit their impors tunities when we had walked through the town. cites “ni Although a governor resides there, and it is an important place, being the first. that communicates immediately with the, initerior from Cadiz, itis a most wretched dirty town, and almost deserted by the male inhabitants ; groupes of men, wos. men, and children, were basking inthe. sun in filth and misery. pa _ The surrounding country is rather pice turesque, and interspersed with the ver= dure of the olive and the fir; quantities of vegetables and fruit are produced in the neighbourhood for the supply ot Cay, diz; but it has no manufactures. Tere is an amphitheatre for the bull-fight, a town-hall, (a large building of amean ap- pearance) and a convent of Carthusian friars. his fraternity is not-numerous,, there being only about thirty now be-, longmg to the order. Their income is _ considgable « ‘ ‘ ‘ - 181 Ly considerable, and they are charitable, bat the institution is very rigid; they are forbidden to speak to any person, or to seach other ; they eat no animal food, drink no wise, sleep on straw, aid go bare-footed : we need not wonder there- fore that they are wot more numerous, . We foand out an inn, suchas it was, “sand the people knowing we were from ‘bCasiiz, flocked around us: enquiring. for news ? and among other questions, whe- ther we were English or Lrish? oA pos- tilion, who was in the court, answered for us and said, we were Englishmen by our countenance’, bet not: Christians! For you must’ know that the Irish, or those under that name, are more highly respected than the English; the people deing carefully taught ‘that all the Erish “ae catholics. We of course left those "sages as soon as we could have something “dike a room provided for us alone; and Savhich accommodation, dirty enpugh, we shad great difficulty to obtains*> We or- ~dered diner, and were supplied with nearly a dozen dishes or platés, of dit- “erent meat, soup, oils, bouilli, fish, fruit, -&e. and some good bottled London por- ster, whichis 2 great rarity here, and costs -ahout $s. 6d. per bottle; we had a bottie of sherry wine also, and the whole did -act cost a dollar each. The master of the inn told us that the inhabitants were in hourly alarm lest the French prisoners there, who had formed part of Dupont’s army, should break from their confinement, and massacre the in- habitants, as they were yuarded only by a few volunteers; as had nearly been «the case afew days ago at Lebrifa, a ‘town near this, when one hundred and _ twenty of the Frenchmen were put to ipitew an Memoirs of the late Duke of Queensberry. 31 death in the streets by the populace, in consequence .of their ill behaviour, and killing the sentry. The interference and activity of the clergy alone restrained them trom massacring the. whole of the prisoners in confinement; but the people - would not at first listen to the priests, and they butehered the French while’ they were on their knees, unarmed, and beg- ging for mercy, confounding the i mnocent witirthose who were guilty of the tumult. But such is the hatred of the lower classes, at Jeast to the French; and°es- pecially when they are sure of victory? We teft Port St. Mary soon after din- ner, rather disappointed with the place, "as from the harbour we were disposed ta expect seeing a handsome town, since the hovses appeared so lofty, large, and ~neatiy white-limed, The wind had now become contrary again, aud we’ were - three hours getting back to Cadiz, where we arrived just in time to save ourgelves from a mght’s lodging on. board some friendly ship, as the drum was beating at the barrier, which would have been closedin a few minutes, While we were returning, we observed a bustle among some boats | jn the bay, at a’short distance from us; on enquiring thie cause of it, our boatmen coolly replied that two sailors were terminating a. dis- pute with knives; they were lounging at each other from ‘their boats, while the others were looking on; but: we could not learn how the atiray ended. Qn my remarking that English sailors would: have referred to a more mahly method; at least, with their fists instead-of to so cowardly a one as theirs, they said, “Oh, -but our method of fighting sooner shews ’ which is the most-valiantman.” tat MEMOIRS AND REMAINS OF EMINENT PERSONS, “ ne rsof the ancient and noble Family of DOUGLAS; with a BIOGRAPEICAL “SkETCH of the Lire of the late Most Noble wittiam DovuGLAs, LoRD Dou- bts of Ambresbury in England, DUKE Of QUEENSBERRY aud DUMPRIES, EARL Of QUEENSBERKY, MARCH, RUGLEN, Ac. im Scotland, and Knieur of the most _ ancient und most noble Order of the .. WHISTLE. Ei MUL family of Douglas, so long iilas- ‘sdk rious in the annals of Scotland, has produced many yreat warriors and states- amen. The keart surmounted with a royal sawn; assuing¢d’ as a Crest,.und quartered 1 , ae ie aes ’ twice in the arms, proves that i in, it a subject had allied with the blood of the reigning monarch; while the double tres sure, granted - by Jyon King at Arms, exactly as itis in the Roy al. Achieve- ment, in consequence of special orders from the sovereiyn, shews the favour ia which it was held at a latter period. Ig Short, so far as birth add antiquity may be supposed at this enlightened period to.convey greatnesa, the “Douylasses ase suredly possess not only a fair claim, but even igh ‘pretensions. In. them we behold a jong train of illustrictis: ances- tors, distinguished by the highest titles, connected “ehange 32 connected with. the most noble families in Europe, in consequence of immediate alliances with the greatest houses in England, Scotland, and France; and -matched no less than eleven times with the roval house of Stuart. Nor have the sovereigns cf these countries heen sparing of their honours ; for, in addition to a dukedom, marquisate, and earl- dom, in one portion of the United King- dom, and a barony in another, we find them also to have been dukes of Tu- renne, counts of Longueville, mareschals ‘ef France, &c. &c. Whether this family. originally mi- grated from the continent, or may be considered asin some respects indigenous to the soil, is not perhaps exaetly known. Certain it is, that it became conspicuous in Scotland so early as 770, exactly two hundred and ninety-six years before the Norman conquest. At that remote pe- riod, there was-no other mode than that ef the sword to acquire iNustration ; arts being then utterly unknown, eloquence unpractised, commerce .exh:biting only rude beginnings. in the form of an inter- of unwrought commodities ; while arms qlone, that is to say, the daw of the strongest, afforded any pretension to superiority, or exhibited any claim to aweward. It was to this then that the family just alluded to, ,is indebted for its dands, its titles, andeven its name, Those who may be at the trouble, like the author-of sthis article,..to-read the ponderous ‘but elegant folio ediuon of athe learned and accomplished Bu- chanan, edited by Ruddiman, will there sce that the Douglases occupied the thighest stations in the state, were sur- rounded by.a. numerous body of follow- ers, and sometimes attained even the rank of protector, under the appellation of. Pro-Rer. | According to a remote tradition, the original ancestor towards the lattcr end of the eighth century, thaving restored the fallen fortunes of his ‘king, by gaining a great victory, was re- warded, in compliance with the custom of those times, by a grant of Jandin the county of Lanark, most probably on the ‘hanks of the stream at this day called tne Douglas, or De iglas-water, which uns into the Clyde.* ‘Thence we are told was derived the appellation, first of the barony, and then, by a very common eae a *& 66 Post Baroniam est Glottiana, (the Clyde.) Amnes,nobiliores funcit: a Java Avennuni, et Duglassen:, qui in Glottam decurrunt, dc Rerum Scot. Mids i, dQ) As Memoirs of the late Duke of Queensberry. [Feb. | transition, of the name. Thereto, accord- ing to the custom of those early days, _ was built a castle.* , But to proceed to more modern times : dn 1888, we fiad Archibald Douglas denaminated, by an eloquent Scottish historian, ‘ Austerus,” exhibiting great magnanimity in war, and what was then, and even now 1s, still more rare, great moderation after vietory. He is styled « Duglassiex Comes;” and we are told, that in 1996, when king David, during a convention of the states, at Perth, made the duke of Rothesay his son, and Robert bis brother, dukes, he. offered this title in vain to the head of the noble family just alluded tu. Here follows the text: “ SJic vani honoris titulus cum pri- mum‘ inter Scotos, magoo ambitionis, nullo virtutis incremento est celebratus : nec cuigquam posten feliciter cessit. Co- mitem elium Duglussie rea voluit eodem titulo afficere, sed ille, ut erat severus, constanter speciem supervacut honoris re= cusavit.” In 1420, we find another earl of Douglas of the name. of Archibald, in- vited into France by the dauphin, by whom he was acknowledged “ Dux Tu- ronensis.” In.1430, Archibald-Y. was shut up in the same castie in the same lake (Luch Leven) where Mary, in atter- times, happened to be confined; he was at length liberated, and in a republican speech addressed to the chancellor, -which is denominated “ superba respon- sio,” he denounced both the reigning ‘king and his competitor as tyrants; the elevation.of neither of wham could prove serviceable to the state. We afterwards find his successors powerful enough to contend with the Hamiltons, with whom they at length intermarried ; but in 1455, one of them was obliged to take refuge in England. Under James IV. they proved once more triumphant ; for the earldom. of Angus appears to have been annexed to their other titles, At a lat- ter period, we perceive the head of this tribe or clan, nobly refusing to swear fidelity to Edward the First, who cast him» into prison. The next heir, soon after fought and overcame a body of English, * « Duglassius, Douglas, cognomen Sco- ticum in multas nobilissimas et fortissimas familias propagatum, quarum omnium olim princeps crat Duglasse comes, eoqtte extincto Comes Angusiz, postea ad Marchionis, ae non ita pridem Ducis Duglassie dignationem » evectys.—Prop. Nom, intespret. ad fin. Buc, during 98h.) s t 7 y & . - Monracy Mae. No. 209. during the feeble reign of his successor ; in consequence of which, he re-conquered his former possessions: and we behold the family afterwards taking part with Robert Brace. During the reign of the unfortunate, but too guilty, Mary, George Douglas, earl of Morton, entered into the conspiracy against Rizzio, and acted @ most conspicuous part during those tunhappy times: in fine, some branch of this family appears to have thenceforth intermingled in all the intrigues, the con- “ $piracies, the tumults, and the wars, of those days, during which, the chiefs ‘seldom died in their beds; while ‘the . great body of the people were condemned to spill their blood in quarrels from which they could not possibly derive any profit whatsoever. On the accession of James I. to the throne of England, the Douglases were courted by that crafty monarch; and we find his majesty sumptuously entertained ~ at Drumianrig, on his return to the south, in 1617. This residence, sometimes termed a palace, gave a title to its pos- sessor, Charles I. having created him “viscount Drumlanrig, April 1, 1628: she was afterwards made earl of Queens- ‘berry, June 13, 1633. His second son, sir William Douglas, of Kilhead, was ' €reated a baronet in 1668 ; and from him -as descended the heir ito, and now the _ possessor of, the earldom. _ Meanwhile, on the death of the first -- William, the second earl displayed great ‘loyalty to Charles I. on which account he suffered many hardships. On _ his demise, in 1671, William, the third earl, miade a conspicuous figure as a statesman during the reign of Charles IL, - by whom he was nominated justice- general. By James II. he was created, han marguis im 1682; and in 1684, duke of Queensberry; before which ‘period, hé obtained the post of lord ‘treasurer of Scotland: according to Burnet, he was attached to despotic principles, and “ loved to be absolute and ' direct every thing.” _ F James, the seconc duke, either per- ceiving the falling fortunes of the house of Stuart, or being actuated by far dif: * ferent principles from the rest of his fa- * mily, advocated the cause of William ITI, and, in consequence of this, was taken - anto favour > fur he obtained the oilice of » lord privy seal, and became one of the extraordinary lords of session, and a knight of the garter, in succession. Having exhibited great talents, or at least / great adroitness, in’ the management ef Memoirs of the late Duke of Queensberry? 33 the Scotch parliament, on the accession of Anne, we find him “a secretary of state. Te fell into disgrace, however, soon after,, on which he and his ad. herents joined the faction termed the “sguadrone wolante, which was supposed capable at any time of rendering either pf the other two parties preponderant. In 1765, however, when the union was resolved upon, both he and the earl of Roxborough, each’ of whom possessed great influence, and had numerous par- tisans, were taken once more into favour; and when that grand and most salutary measure was achieved, chiefly by their means, they were each rewarded with a dukedom. Accordingly, the latter became duke of Roxborough, in Scote Jand, while the former obtained the Eng- lish dukedom of Dover; he also exer- cised the office of third secretary of state, was assigned a pension of three thousand pounds per annum, and had, the patronage of all Scotland confided tg his charge. On his demise, bis eldest son, who in 1706 had been created. earl of Solway, succeeded to the titles and estates; bat the house of lords would not admit hina to a seat, in right of his English peerage, as it was then deemed contrary to. the articles of Union, although this has beer sitice decided otherwise. By George 1, that. same nobleman was nominated % lord of the bed-chamber. By George I], he was appointed vice-admiral of Scots land; and’in 1762, received from George III. the valuatile office of lord justice-general of Scotland. But such is the influence of literature, that the patronage which his duchess lad Catharine Hyde, daughter of Heury eark of Clarendon and Rochester, bestowed on Gay the poet, will be recollected perhaps when the wealth of the Dou. glases shall have been dissipated; their utles have become extinct, and their boasted ancestry is forgotten: so much more grateful in the eyes of posterity is the odour of one generous action, cal. culated to relieve genius from penury, than the unavailing boast of wealth, tha: pompous profusion of titles, and all the vain pretensions of blood ! On thedeath of the duke, without js« sue (having survived two earls of Drum- lanrig, his first and second sons,) Oc- tober 22, 1778, the titles and entailed estates devolved on his collateral heir male, whose life is the subject of the present memoir., William, earl of March, who, without the wit, seems to & have as 34 have enjoyed somewhat of the reputa- tion, of the famous earl of Rochester, appears by all the books describing the peerage, to have been born in 1730; but 1724 or 1725, is the more probable epoch, He was third earl of March, a title* created in 1697, expressly for the purpose of ennobling a junior branch of the Douglases, son and heir of Wilitam ° second earl of March, who was second ‘son of William, first duke of Queensberry. This nobleman was a native of Scot- ‘land, and resided for some time, while a young man, at Edinburgh: but we never heard that he was brought up at the famous university of that city, or ob- tained a degree there! Indeed, the re- puted gallantries of half a century, have east a shade on the education of his earlier years, and we have not found any grave presbyterian clergyman standing forth to claim the honour of having been his tutor! Some trivial and paltry ac- cidental circumstance has often given birth, according to the most celebrated biographers, to the pursuits of a great genius ; and with an eye to this perhaps, at might be curious to learn from what incident, and under what master, the future hero of the turf imbibed the ru- diments of his art. For this branch of knowledge, he was most probably in- ‘debted to England, where he came up “while yet a youth, and was intraduced to court as earl of March. He was imme- diately taken under the special protec- tion of bis countryman, the earl of Bute, who having encreased the bed-chamber ‘lords from twelve to eighteen, either for the purpose of additional state or influence,. or perhaps both, lord ‘March was chosen ene of that number, ‘He was also nearly at the same time elected one, of the sixteen peers of Scot- land, by which a vote was attached to a dependent office, that might be taken away at pleasure. With that condition, +his lordship was content; for he never aspired to the palin of eloquence, or the hardihood of independence; being sa- tisfied with a simple affirmative to the propositions of all the ministers of the day; and indeed, when he departed from so prudential a line of couduat, it will be found that an immediate dismission en- * This, like other honours, was originally the name of an office, and not a mere titular appellation, as at, present. The Douglases were formerly Lords Marches, or, in other _ words, entrusted withthe defences of the ficostish boundaries on the side of England, * Memoirs of the late Duke of Queensberry. - similar follies. ee . . " , 4 sued. Thus, like his ancestors, while yet young, he participated in the forms and emoluments of the times, with a single exception only; one of them, at lease ever since the union, had usually repre- sented the person of his majesty, a9 commissioner to the general assembly of the kirk of Scotland; but.it was not deemed prudent to hazard presbyterian gravity, and we may add, insult presby- terian morals, by such a nomination in regard to their successor. Far different scenes ane more congenial prospects. opened to ‘his Jordship’s view: but so degrading have certain pursuits become, that they who might have been crowned with the victor’s wreath during the times of the Olympic games, are now considered rather as the appropriate companions of their own stable-boys, than the associate of men of talents. . Sunt quos curriculo pulverem Olympicum: Collegisse juvat: metaque fervidiss ~ - Evitata rotis, palmaque nobilis, Terrarum Dominos evehit ad Deos. ‘ Hor. Od. I, ad Macen.. In ancient days, the contest was for glory; and although the means were, ndt very noble, yet the object was legitimate: during the present times they are both equally undignified —Money—sordid pelf being the sole end and aim, It ig now full sixty years since the earl of ‘March distinguished himself by a wager with the celebrated Count Taafe,-an [righ catholic, who had spent some time in the service of the house of Austria, and finally beggared himself by this and His lordship on that oc- casion, exhibited the presage at least of that superior skill, enterprize, and suc- cess, which rendered him’ conspicuous on the turf daring half a centary; for, having undertaken to.-obtain. a four- wheeled machine which should travel the space of nineteen miles within sixty minutes, he applied to Wright, in: Loig Acre, who, by the diminution of weight and frictien, the substitition of silk and whalebone for leather, arid also; in part for wood, contrived a carriage. so light, and yet so strong, as to be deemed ex- actly suitable for: the purpose, As for the blood horses, the selection» of them, as well as, the grooms, was confided to his own judgment, and to’ prevent acci- dents, he took care to conceal the names of both deseriptions of' animals until the appointed day, when they were regulatily' entered by the clerk of the course,‘ . )Meanwhile, Newmarket having been selected for the experiment, the smoothi- est 1811.] est mile of the whole race-ground was Btaked out, and eight or ten horses re- gularly trained there, to prevent a pos- sibility of ~disappointment from lame- ness, accident, or design, On the 29th of August 1759, this contest, on the €vent of which many thousands were dependent, was finally decided; and the result was, as had been expected, that the Scotch peer proved an over-match for the Irish commoner, who soon after retired in embarrassed circumstances to Lis native country. It is to this original match against time, that we are to at- tribute all the discreditable attempts of 2 similar kind in our own days, such as gallopping horses until they are lamed, and trotting ponies until their hearts break, for the gratification of that in- human desire of wealth, which would $acrifice a favourite hackney, or sell a fellow-creature, with equal apathy ! Lord March from this moment was considered an adept; and about ihe same » time took a house at Newmarket, which overlooked the race-ground, and not only gave him an easy access to the course, ut afforded the ready means of esti- mating the effect of comparative trials, « ‘and thus approximating at least to a Knowledge of the muscular powers and constitutional strength, denominated Lot- ‘tom by the cognoscenti, of his four-legged favourites. _The earl accordingly col- lected a choice stud, and was equally particular in the selection of his groom- oys, whom he dressed in scarlet; none ‘of whom knew who was to be entrusted, until put into the scales to be weighed, Jn this particular he acted precisely like many of his contemporaries, but in ano- ‘ther circumstance he completely deviated “from them, At Newmarket, as well as ‘at Hounslow and Bagshot, the peculiarly apt term of confederute designates a part- Ter in the booty: Charles Fox, we quote the nathe with reluctance! was connected 1n this point of view with the late lord Foley; but in respect to the subject of this memoir, we believe he never ad- mitted of any partner; in short, like the present India Company in respect to its ships, and the late Mr. John Manners with his annuities, he was ever his own Insurer, running ‘all risks, and concen- trating all profits in hisown person. Se- yeral persons of distinction proved the victims of his superior skill; for to him the great* duke of Cumberland, as he was called, both on account of his size 5 * Uncle to his presgat Majesty. -§ “ > Memoirs of the late Duke of Queensberry. $3 and celebrity, lost large sums, as the victor of Culloden was regularly vane quished by the Scottish courtier, Nor did his learning and skill in vertu exempt Mr. Jennings, the distinguished. aptir quary, from a similar fate; for notwithe standing the feasibility of the specula- tion, his Chillaby colts were all beaten by the English crosses of a remoter ori- gin: the latter indeed, does not seem to have profited much by approaching nearer to the fountain-head, | Since that period, he has addicted himself to far more no- ble, because more rational, speculations; the study of books and coins, the en- joyment of pictures and statues, and the - acquisition of one of the noblest and most expensive collection of shells that this country has ever witnessed. In 1756, the earl of March conde- scended to ride a match in person, Ace cordingly he appeared vn the ground, dressed in his own ranning-stable livery, consisting of a red silk jacket, a velvet cap, and buckskin inexpressibles; and here again he proved victorious, and came in first at the winning-post, amidst the congratulatiqgns of grooms, roughe riders, stable-keepers, sharpers, and game blers, both noble and ignoble. : By the demise of his relative, in 1778, he was elevated to the ducal honours ; yet, by this time, his manners were fixed, and his habits had become so inveterate, that the accession ot @ splendid fortune, superadded to the high- est dignity in the peerage, could not wean from the low, and it may be fairly added, the avaricious, pursuits of the turf, the representative of a family which could boast of being descended from one name- sake of his own, William, created lord de Douglas by Malcolm Caimore, in 1057; and from another, William lord Douglas, who died gallantly at the battle of Agincourt, October 25, 141. f The current of his life now flowe slowly along in one dull, monotonous, undeviating, undistinguished, course. His winters were spent in town; the spring was dedicated chiefly to the races at Egham, Ascott, Epsom, and Newmars ket; while his summers were passed ag his seat called Amesbury, in. Wiltshire This ancient house is seated on the ban} of the Ayon, almost within sight of Roman camp, and in the immediate ¥ cinity of the stupendous Druid temp called Stonehenge. This would he been a congenial and consecrated f for the antiquary; and, as Addison : born in the parsonage, and Gay rs gC 35 sionally resided in the mansion, which was erected from a design of Inigo Jones, and improved, or rather altered, by the Italian gusto of the earl of Burlington, it would have proved classical ground to a nobleman possessing either taste or lite- rature. But it was in this instance fated to appertain to a mere man of the worid, who, like the fine lady mentioned by the bard-of Twickenham, was ever ready to exclaim ; A - O odious! odious trees !” Indeed, his Grace seems to have been precisely the hero designated in the city- loving lyrics of Captain Morris, the bur- then of whose song is: © Of all groves—-a grove of chimnies for me!” Heaccordingly betook himself,at length, partly to London, and partly to one of those small, trim, modern establishments called vilias, where the clapper of St. Paul’s may be distinctly heard repeating the hour, annexed to which is-half an acre of herbage, generally dignified with ‘the name of a paddock. There, within # quarter of a mile of Richmond, he re- sided during the fine weather, until in consequence, first of a dispute relative to a young lady, which became public, * and then a lawe-suit for part of his lawn, which was claimed first by, and finally adjudicated to, the parish, his Grace at length withdrew wholly to Piccadilly, unless, during his turn for waiting on the king, while his majesty resided at Windsor. But this also was precluded, an consequence of an event which will be mentioned hereafter, when the duke was entered on the list of the red-letiered martyrology of Carleton-house, and ex- cluded from all official communication with St. James’s. Indeed, it was full time for his Grace to have retired voluntarily, as the writer of this has been pained at seeing him in the suite of royalty at, Windsor, tottering along the terrace with his hat off, and exposing his denuded temples and his cheeks, which seemed to flush with colour rather than with health, to the keen searchings of an easterly wind, towards the latter “end of August !—and all this for a thou- sand a-year, and the honour of being a ‘ord of the bed-chamber—on the part do, and in the person of a Scotch duke, 2arquis, earl, viscount; of an English aron; a knight of the thistle; and the tthest subject in Europe, in the coim- apdious article of ready money ! win consequence of his former obse- _ WOusness, he’ was honoured with the ico riband; we also find him, as is » Memoirs of the late Duke of Queensberry. [Feb. 1, to be hoped for better reasons, uniformly chosen during six subsequent parliaments, as a representative peer of Scotland. To prevent the trouble however of future solicitation, in 1786 he obtained a patent as an English peer, by the style and dignity of Baron Douglas of Amesbury, in the county of Wilts. Through the whole of this long political career, we do not recollect the duke’s name to have been once called in question during the contests of rival parties, unless at a pe- riod when his Grace and the late earl of Sandwich openly declared themselves hostile to the ungodly and irreligious conduct of their former friend, the late John Wilkes, who happened to be en- gaged at that time in a violent opposition to the crown, or rather to the ministers of the executive power, On ‘his oc- casion, the latter of these noblemen, to the great edification of the bench of bishops, denounced “ the Essay on Wo- man” in the house of peers; while the former, with no less zeal, but as he then thought with more discretion, started a dependant of his own, the Rev. Mr. K, whose name has been since enshrined in the poetry of the celebrated Charles Churchill, against the profane member for Middlesex. ‘ On this occasion,” says a late writer, “ his Grace’s chaplain, burning with all the fervour of holy zeal, imprudently entered the lists with the author of the North Briton, when some of the many darts shot at the black gown of this officious priest, glanced against the ermined robes of his noble patron.” ~ It has already been hinted, that in 1788-9, the subject of this memoir took part with the prince, and regularly voted, during the regency discussion, against Mr. Pitt, the great and all-powerful minister of that day. The king’s sud- den recovery, reduced such of the cour- tiers as had taken part with his Royal Highness, toa most disagreeable dilemna; for the statesman just alluded to, in- stead of a generous forbearance, seemed to consider the exercise of their ac- knowledyed rights, as something only a little short of treason, being deemed worthy Of incurring forfeiture of oflice at least. - Accordingly, the marquis of Lothian was deprived of his regiment, and the duke of Queensberry of his post as lord of the bed-chamber. From that time to his death, the duke lived in great retirement, and for the most part occupied his house in Picca- dilly alone. He had long hefore left the turf, and disposed of his house at _ Newmarket; 1811.] Newmarket; his chief amusement now arose out of a taste for music, which, like his old friend and countryman, lord Kelly; he had cultivated in early life, and did not relinquish but with his exist- énce. Both of them may be said * to have felt the ruling passion strong in death.” The one shone in the instru- mental; the other in the vocal depart- ment: the Scotch_ earl excelled on the fiddle; the Scotch duke displayed great taste ina song. Indeed, the latter was a munificent patron of musicians, espe- cially foreign ones, and in his house were to be seen ail the great singers who have been attracted to this country in suc- cession by ‘the reputation of its wealth during the last half century. The gallantries of the duke have long been a fertile theme of raillery; but, this is an object with which we shail not sully our pages. The care of his health had lately been confided to the manage- ment of Pere Elisée, who is said to haye attended on LouisXV. during |,is declining years. His immense fortune, (no sinall portion of which is supposed to have been obtained on the race-ground,) af- forded at once the means of personal gratification in respect to himself, and generous interposition so far as con- cerned others. In regard to the first, fine lands, a good table, admirable wines, splendid carriages and liveries, with a multitude of servants, dressed in green and silver, were not wanting; and we have heard as to the second, that he bestowed pensions on opera singers, gave 1000]. towards an election for Westminster, and doubled that sum in a very Jaudable manner, when a fund was taised to supply the wants of the widows and orphans connected with the British ‘navy. It point of person his Grace was of the middle size, neat, slim, and at an early period of life, graceful and elegant. His name for many years was the butt at which men of wit shot their arrows, and his life the subject of a variety of errors. In consequence of a speck in one of his eyes, a ridiculous story pre- vailed that he wore a glass one; he was supposed to apply veal cutlets every ight, to preserve bis complexion; and also to make use of a milk-butt daily, Memoirs of the late Duke of Queensberry. 37 which made many of his neighbours very cautious lest they should purchase that commodity at second-hand, As to peculiarities of aharmless nae ture, the subject of this memoir evinced a great variety. He spent the greater part of his latter years at the south-east extremity of his parlour bow-window, where he sat eight or ten hours daily. That be might discern objects more distinctly, both male and temale, aud at the same time be shaded fro the light, a canvas blind was placed obliquely at an angle of forty-five degrees. Be hind hiny stood a secvant out of livery, who acted ‘the part of a nomenclator, and pronounced the names of such of the passengers as were of any distinc- tion. So uniform was his Grace in at- tendance during certain fixed hours, and of such long continuance of prac- tice, that a gentieman set out for India in quest of a furtune, and on his return, after ten years absence, actually found him fixed in the same spot! His favourite poney was saddled every forenoon, and stationed until the day of his“ death, nearly opposite the door, in constant readiness, precisely at the same moment as formerly. The duke of Queensberry, after a short illness, resigned all the vanities of this life, at his house facing the Green Park, on the 25d of December, 1810, in the 85th or 86th year of lis age. Having never been married, he of course neither leaves a widow nor children, either to bewail or to represent him. His Grace seems to have fulfilled none of the great duties of society, self-preservation only excepted ; and accordingly his name wild soon be forgotten by all but his legateesy unless in the equivocal Records of Chiffee ney the jockey, or in the less perishable yolumes of Weatherby’s Racing Calen- dar. ‘The dukedom is extinct; the earldons descends,to sir Charles Douglas, of Kile head, bart. with.a portion of the estates; another poruon now appertains to the Buccleugh family, in consequence of similar entails; and as for the immense personalty, it 1s pretty widely diffused by a will, of which this circumstance per- haps constitutes one of the chief me- Tits. SCARCE [ 3 ] — Tiebs ty ‘ SCARCE TRACTS, WITH EXTRACTS AND ANALYSES OF SCARCE BOOKS. bis proposed in future to devote a few Pages of the Monthly Magazine to the Ensertion of such Scarce Tracts as are of an interesting Nature, with the Use of which we may be favoured by our Correspondents; and under the same Head te sntroduce also the Analyses of Scarce and Curious Books, =e €¢ Tie Ancient Common-Law Right of associating with the Vicinage in every \ County, District, or Town, to support the Civil Magistrate, in maintaining the Peace. By Granville Sharp, esq.” AN being by nature a social creature, it is natural for him to associate with his brethren and neigh- bours, for common defence against alt wnjust violence; and such association be- jag just and reasonable, as well as natu- yal, we have not only a right thus to asso- eiate, but are even bound to do it, by a branch of the common-law, which cannot legably be changed: for it is fixed upon all men, in their respective districts and eountries, as an indispensable duty, by “ the law of nature and nations, that we may become assisting” (says Cowel, tit. @.) “ both to.our parents and country ; and repel force and injury: and from hence it comes,” (says he,) ‘¢ that what- soever we do for the defence of our own bodies, is adjudged legal.” For which he cites Bracton, |.i.c.6.num.7. So the author of Doctor and Student, in his second chapter, concerning the law of nature and nations, and the law of rea- son, asserts, that, “ by the law of reason, it 18 lawful to.repel force with force; and that it is the right of every one” (fas est unicuique se tueri, &c.) ‘to defend him- self and bis property against unjust vio- lence.”. And again, in his fifth chap. ter, concerning the first foundation of English law, reason, he again repeats the maxim, that ¢ it is lawful to repel force with force for the defence of the body, due circumstances being observed.” Now, as the laws of reason and nature are immutable, this natural right of as- sociating for common defence and peace, and the natural right of every individual to repel force with force, in defeuce of himself and‘ property, can never be an- nuiled by any act of parliament, but must ever be esteemed as immutable rights of the common-law, and must als ways remain in force, unless the govern- ment should unhappily cease to be legal, by setting aside the first foundations of the law! Ancient statutes, however, though not the foundation of these rights, yet bear ample testimony to the exercise 1 or usage of them: for, what is *‘the power of the countie,” so often menti~ oned in the ancient law and statutes, but an a?med association of the vicinage?— an association, from which no layman, from 15 to 60 years of age, was exempt. See Lambard’s Eirenarcha, third book, p. 316, title, ‘¢ Power. of the Countie.” “That the justices of the peace, she- rife, or under-sheriffe, ought to have the aide’ and attendance of all the knightes, gentlemen, yeomen, labourers, servaunts, apprentices, and villaines; and likewise of wardes: and that of other yong men that be above the age of xv. years; for all of that age are hound to have har- nesse by the statute of Winchester,” See also in page 479 of the Eirenarcha, a farther testimony that the law requires all laymen not only to have arms, but also to be well exercised therein. See title “ Archerie.” ‘¢ If any man, being the queen’s subject,” (the author wrote in the reign of Queen Elizabeth,) ‘ and, not have reasonable cause or impedi-« ment, and being within the age of 60 years, (except spirituall men, justices of one bench or other, justices of assize, and barons of the exchequer,) have not a long-bow and arrowes readie in his house, or have not used shooting theres in;” (which is a clear command to ke exercised in arms;) ‘¢or have not, for every man-child in his house, (betweene Z yeeres and 17 of age,) a bow and @ shafts; and for every such, being above 17 yeeres, a bow and 4 shafts; or have not’ brought them up in shooting, &c. he loses 6s. 8d. for each month.” And, under the same head, he informs us, that, if any man, above the age of 24 years, “have shot at any marke under eleven score yards,” (viz. one furlong, or 220 yards,)* with any prick, shaft, or flight,” he shall. ‘¢ lose 6s, 8d. for every shot.” Alse, “if the inhabitants of any towne have not made and continued their butta as they aught to. do,”— lose 20s. for every 3 moneths;” (Eirenarcha, 4 book, p- 478, 479 ;) for which he cites $33’ Hen. VIII. c. 9. in which, indeed, the obkga. tion for every man to have arms, and be exercised therein, is expressed still in stronger terms, Viz ‘that butts be made re as 4 y ‘ 1811.] made, on this side the feast of St. Mi- chael the archangel next coming, in every city, town, and place, by the inha- bitants of every such city, town, and place, according to the law of ancient times used, and that the said inhabitants and dwellers in every of them, be com- pelled to make and continue such butts, upon pain to forfeit, for every 3 months so lacking, 20s. And that the said inha- bitants shall exercise themselves with Jong-bows in shooting at the same, and elsewhere, in holy days and other times convenient. And, to the intent that every person may have bows of mean ‘price, be it enacted, &c.” §.iv. and v. Thus the law not only permits, but abso- lutely requires, severy person to have arms, and be exercised in the use of ‘them. The exercise of the long-bow was for- -merly esteemed the most effectual mili- ‘tary discipline for the defence of the ‘kingdom, and is so declared in another act of parliament of the same year, cap. 6. and, therefore, as the law, at that ‘time, required every man to be exercised in the use of the then fashionable wea- pons, the reason of the law holds equally ood, to require the exercise of al) men in the use of the present fashionable wea- pons, the musquet and bayonet. - But even, at that time, the use of “musquets or, guns, was allowed to the inhabitants of all cities, boroughs, and ~market-towns, and for the very same reason (the defence of the realm,) by a provisional clause.of the Jast-mentioned act, § vi. enacted, &g. that it shall be lawful, from henceforth, to all geritlemen, yeomen, and serving-men of every lord, spiritual and temporal, aod of all knights, esquires, and gentlemen, and to all the inhabi- “tants of cities, boroughs, and raarket- towns, of this realm of England, to shoot with any hand-gen, demihake, or hagbut, at any butt or ‘bank of earth, only in | «place'convenient for the same,” (whereby ‘it appears that proper places for exer- _cise should be appointed in every town,) ‘so that every such hand.gun, &c. be of the several lengths aforesaid, and not under. And that it shall be lawful, to every of the said lord and lords, knights, Sesquires, and gentlemen, and the inhabi- “tants of every city, borough, and market- town, to liave and keepin every of ‘their houses any such hand-gun or hand-guns, - of the lengtii of one whole yard, &c. and ‘not under, to the intent to use and shoot, Ga the same, at a butt or bank of earth “Scarce Tracts, Me. © Provided alway, and, be it © mm 39 only, as is above said , whereby they and’ -every of them, by the exercise thereof, -in form above said, may the better aid and assist to the defence of this realm, when need shall require,” &e. This statute is still in force. Every temporal person ‘was formerly liable to pecuniary penalties; *¢if be have nov” (says Lambard) **and keep not in readinesse, such horses, geldings, weapon, armour, or other furniture for the wars, as, after'the proportion of his abilitie, be ought to have and keepe.” (Eirenarcha, book iv. c. 4, p. 480s) Thus stood the law so late as the latter ‘end of Queen Elizabeth’s reign, when the book last-cited was published; and the general tenor of the doctrine, rea specting the right of Englishmen to have arms, hath since been confirmed by the Declaration of Rights in the Act of Ser- tlement, (4 Wm. and Mary, st. 2, c. 2,9 though it seems now to be limited to Pre- testant subjects, viz. “ That the subjects which are Protestants may have arms for their defence, suitable to their condie tions, and as allowed by law.” This lat. ter expression, ‘as allowed by law,” respects’ the limitations in the above- mentioned act of 83 Hen. VIII. 6, which restrain the use of some particular sorts of arms, meaning only such arms as were liable to be concealed, or other- wise favour the designs of murderers, as cross-bows, little short hand-guns, and little hag-buts,” and all guns under cer- tain lengths specified in the aet; but proper arms for defence (provided they are not shorter than the act directs) are so far from being forbidden by this sta- ‘tute, that they are clearly authorised, ‘ and ‘¢ the exercise thereof” expressly re- commended by it, as I have already shewn. And indeed the laws of England always required the people to be armed, and‘not only to be armed, but to be,ex- pert in arms; which last was particularly recommended by the learned chancellor Fortescue: ‘Et revera, non minime’ erit regno accommodum, ut incole ejus in arms sint experti.” . * Indeed, it will be of no small advantage ta the kingdom, that the inhabitants be expert in arms.” (De Laudibus Legum Angliz, c. xliv. p, 166°) ‘And,in the notes and remarks en this book, by the learned Mr. Justice Aland, we find the following observations to the same purpose, ‘* In the Confes- sor’s laws” (says he) | it is, Debent universi liberi homines, &c, arma habere, et illa semper prompta conservare ad tuitionem regni,” &c, “See” (says he) 9* the Scarce Tracts, Ke. — [Feb. 1 4 \ ® the laws of the Conqueror to the same purpose. The custom of the nation” (continues this learned judge) “ has been to train uy the freeholders to discipline ; y. 13 and 14, If. c. iti. arid ib. § 20,, ‘and title, “ War,” in the table to the statutes.” Among the ancient constitutions, or ordinances, of the kingdom, recorded in the Myrror of Justices, chap. i. § 5. we read that it was ordained, ‘‘ that every one of the age of 14 years and above, should prepare him” (se apprestat) * to kill mortal offenders in their notorious erimes, or to follow them from town to town with hue and cry,” Nc. The true purpose and advantage of having all the inhabitants of this kingdom trained to arms is farther manifested in our old law books and statutes; as in the Westminster Primer, cap. xvil. on the case when any cattle are unlawfully taken and driven into any castle or strong-hold, &c. ‘Le Visct ou le Bailife prise ove Iuy poyar de son countie, ou de sa Bail’, et voile assaier de faire de ceo rep!’ des avers a celuy qui les aver prise,” &c, «That the sheriff or the bailiff shall take with him the power of his county, or of his bailiwick, and shall endeavour to make replevin” (or recovery) ‘* of the cattle from him that hath taken them,” &c. And Jord Coke remarks on this, €< Nota: every man Is bound by the com. mon-law to assist not only the sherife in his office for the execution of the king’s writs, (which are the commandments of the king,) according to Jaw; but also his baily, that bath the sheriffe’s warrant in that behalfe, hath the same authority,” &c. (2 ust. p. 193.) The attack of a castle or place of arms, must require disciplined troops; and therefore it was Certainly necessary that every man” so bound by the common- law to assist, should be trained to arms, jn order to fulfil bis duty. And the learned Nathaniel Bacon, in his bistori- eal Discourse of the Uniformity of the Government of England, (1st part, p.- 64.) remarks, that ‘the strength con- sisted of the freemen; and, though many were bound by tenure to follow their Lords to the wars, and many were volun- ~ tiers, yet, it seems, all were bound upon call, under peril of tine, and were bound to keep arms, for the preservation of the kingdom, their lords, and. their own per- , sons; and these they might neither pawn nor sell, but leave them to descend to their heirs,” &c. _ The common-law right of the people of England to have arms is also clearly expressed by the great and learned judge , Bracton, one of the most ancient writers of our common-law, who is justly es- teemed of unexceptionable authority. Ei qui just? possidet, licitum erit cum armis contra pacem venientem ut expel- Jat, cum armis repellere; ut per arma tuitionis et pacis, qua sunt justitiz, ree pellat injuriam et vim injustam, et arma injurie,” &c. (Bract. lib. iv, cs 4.) that is, “to him who justly possesses it shall be lawful with arms to repel him who cometh to expel, with arms against the ° peace, that, by arms of defence and peace, which are of justice, he may re- pel injury and unjust violence, and arins of injustice,” &c, The late unhappy tamults prove, that these principlegof the English constitu- tion are as necessary to be enforced at present as ever they were; for, had they not been fatally neglected and disused, the abandoned rioters would have been quelled and secured by the neighbouring inhabitants of Westminster, &c. in> their first attempts; or, in case they had ad- vanced towards the city, if the proper barriers: had been reserved, the citizens would have had time to get under arms, to support their own magistrates in secus ring the peace of the city; for any attack upon the gates or posterns would have justified an immediate discharge of fire- arms, or other weapons, against the assailants, without waiting for the com- mand of a peace-officer: and, as the in- habitants of each city and county are required to make good the damages sus- tained on such occasions by private indi- viduals, it is plain that the inhabitants themselves, in their a a capacity, do form that proper power, from which the law requires the prevention of such damages, and the support and defence of the civil, magistrates: for, otherwise, the law ought to have directed the damages to- be deducted from the last preceding parliamentary grants to the army, If it be alleged that there can be no occasion, in these modern times, to arm and train the inhabitants of England, because there is an ample military force, or standing army, to preserve the peace ; yet let it be remembered, that tha greater and more powerful the standing army is, so much more necessary is it that there should be a proper balance to that power, to prevent any ill effects from it: though there isone bad effect, which the balance (howsoever perfect and excellent) cannot prevent; and that 1811.} L£xtracts from the Portfolio of a Manof Letters. . 41 is the enormous and ruinous expence of maintaining a large number of men, with- out any civil employment for their sup- port; an expence, which neither the land nor trade of this realm-can possibly bear much longer, without public failure ! No Englishman, therefore, can be truly loyal, who opposes these essential principles of the English law, whereby the people are required, to have ‘‘ arms of defence and peace,” for mutual as well as private defence: for a standing army of regular soldiers is entirely repugnant to the constitution of England, and the genius of its inhabitants. Standing armies were not unknown, indeed, to our ancestors in very early times, but they were happily opposed by them, and declared illegal. A remarka- bleinstance of this is related by Sir Ed- ward Coke, in his 7th rep. p. 443, (Cal- - vin’s case,) but with a very erroneous ap- plication of the doctrine, (as there is in many other instances of that particular report,) for which the chancellor or judges, probably, who spoke, and not the reporter, must one day be answer- able. “It appeareth, by Bracton, lib. iii. tract 2. c. 15, fol. 134, thac Canutus, the Danish king, having settled himself in this kingdom in peace, kept, notwith- Standing, (for the better continuance thereof ) great armies within this realm.” [Yet Bracton was more wise and honour- able than to conceive or hiat that great armies, so kept by the king, were proper instruments ‘‘ for the better continuance of peace;” for he says no such thing, this being only a disloyal conceit of some modern judge, concerned in the argument of Calvin’s case: but to return to the words of the feporter.] ‘¢ The peers and nobles of England, distasting this Overnment. by arms and _ armies, ors accipitrem, quia semper vivit in armis,) wisely and politiquely persuaded the king, that they would provide for the _ Safety of iim and his people, and yet his _ armies, carrying with them many incon- Veniencies, should be withdrawn,” &c. : (This would be a proper language and true policy for a free British parliament to adopt.) ‘ Hereupon” (says the ree porter) Canutus presently withdrew his armies, and within a while after he lost his crown,” &c. Iiere again the judge, whoever-he was that spoke, betrayed a most disloyal pre- judice in favour of “a government by arms and armies,” which led him into a notorious falsehood! for, though the for- mer part of the sentence is true, that king Canute ** withdrew his armies;” yet the latter part, that, ‘¢ within a while after, he Jost his crown,” is totally false; and the judge, by asserting that ground- less circumstance, seemed inclined to ine sinuate, that the withdrawing the armies occasioned the (supposed) loss of the crown, which was far from being the case. The great and noble Canute reaped the benefit of his prudent and generous con-, formity-to the free constitution of this limited monarchy ; for he enjoyed a long and glorious reign, after he sent back his Danish soldiers; which, aceording to Matthew of Westminster, (p. 403,) was in the year 1018; and he heid the crowa with dignity and glory to the end of his life, in the year 1035, when he was bu ried at Winchester with royal pomp (regio more, ib. p, 409): and his two sons also, who separately succeeded him, died likewise kings of England, for they lose noc the kingdom but by natural deaths, and the want of heirs, Happy would it have been for Enge Jand, had all succeeding kings -been as wise and truly politic as the great Canute, who feared not to commit the care of his own. person, and those of his foreign friends that attended him, to the free laws and limited constitution of this kingdom, The old English maxim, however, against ‘¢ a government by arms and ar mies,” ought never to be forgotten: “ Odimus accipitrem, quia semper yivit in armis.” 4 i ” *” Extracts from the Portfolio of a Man of Letters, a m3 ; STIGAND, ARCHBISUOP OF CANTERBURY- E was infamous in life, altogether unlearned, of heavy judgment and pexending: sottishly serviceable both to pleasure and sloth; in covetousness be- h the baseness of rusticity, insomuch _Monraty Mac. No. 209, as he would oftenswear that he had not one penny upon the earth, and yet, by a key, which he did wear about his neck, great treasures of his were found under the ground. And this was a grief and sick. ness to honest minds, that such spurious and 42 and impure creatures should sustain, or rather distrain, the reverence. and ma- jesty of religion. BANKERS. The chief factors of Italy have been Grisons; and they told me, that as the trade of banking began in Lombardy, so that all over Europe a Lombard and a banker signified the same thing, so the great bankers of Lombardy were Grisons, and to this day the Grisons drive a great tradein money. Foraman there of one hundred thousand crowns estate, hath not perhaps a third part of this within the country, but puts it out in the neighbours ing estates. SUPERSTITION, I heard a Capuchin preach here ; it was the firstsermon I heardin Italy. And I was much surprised at many comical expressions and gestures ; but most of all with the conclusion, for there being inal! the pulpits of Italy a crucifix on the side of the pulpit towards the altar, be, after alongaddress to it, at last, in a forced transport, took it in his arms and hugged it, and kissed it. But I observed that be- fore he kissed it, he, seeing some dust on it, blew it off very carefully ; for I was just under the pulpit. He entertained it with along and tender caress, and held it out to the people, and would have forced tears, both, from himselfand them; yet I saw none shed. CROMWELL, Prince Cromwe!!, who was now wholly out of action, having laid his scene in the counties and boroughs for elections to the ensuing Parliament, gave himself and the town alittle recreation, It hap- pened on a Friday in July, that, desirous to divert himself with driving of kis coach aud six horses in Hyde Park, with his secretary Thurlow in it, like Me- phistophilus and Doctor Faustus carcer- Ing it_in the air, to try how he could govern horses, since rational creatures were so unruly and difficult to be reined ; like another Phaéton, he fell, in the expe- riment, from the coach-box ; which was presently posted into the city, and many ominous and true conjectures made of his certain catastrophe ; one of the inge- pious songs on the occasion, ending in this presayious rhyme: Every day and hour hath shew'd us his power, But now he hath shew’d us his art : His first reproach was a fall froma coach, His next will be froma cart. A CURIOSITY DISCOVERED 1663. There was a curiosity discovered ata place cailed Bald Batu-ford, three Extracts from the Portfolio of a Man of Letters. (Feb. ¥," miles from Bath, Here was found a— mowument very admirable both for its antiquity, form, and structure; from the top, three or four foot deep, it was fourteen foot long and sixteen foot broad, made of stones of several colours, as blue, red, murray, and white, delicately cut, not above an inch broad; curiously set, and strongly cemented. The floor was very delightful to behold: round about it were placed divers figures ; and in the midst, a bird standing on a sprig, It is thought to have been a convenience for water. A work of great cost and la~ bour, and which shewed the excellency of much lost art. GREATRAKES, THE STROAKFR- About this time (1665) the fame of Greatrakes the Stroaker filled the mouths of the people both in city and country. A novelty not unfit to be mentioned, see~ ing that at that time, many wise men were affected with it. They that knew him, reported him fora civil, frank, and well- humoured man, born in Munster, of Eng lish extraction; and sometime a lieutenant in Colonel Farr’s regiment. He was mas- ter ofa competent estate, and performed strange cures by stroaking or touching ; for which he took neither money nor presents. hat which first created the wonder was, that he passed without con+ ‘tradiction ; and such multitudes followed him as only they could believe who saw them, He wassaid to admire himself the gift which he had. Had he stayed among the ignorant Irish, his fame might have continued longer; but the infidelity of the English, made him often fail in his divinity, and his reputation once ble- mished, his healing mystery soon vanished» JAMES NAYLOR, THE QUAKER ENTHUSIAST. James Naylor, a quaker, who, resem blingin his proportionsand complexion the picture of Christ, had, in all other things, as the setting of the beard and locks in the same fashion, dared to counterfeit our blessed Lord, To this purpose he had disciples and women ministering to him, whose blasphemous expressions and applications of several parts of scripture relating properly to the. loveliness and transcendant excellency of Christ, to this impostor, will (if repeated) move horror and trembling in every christian. His first appearance in this manner was at Bristol, where aman, leading his horse hare-headed, and one Dorcas Erbury, and Martha Symmonds, going up to the knees in mire, by his horse’s side, sung aloud, Holy, holy, holy, Hosanna, &c. For’ 3 this = | @ * 1811.) this they were seized by the magistrates, and, being complained of to the parlia- ment, were brought up to town, into which (as in‘all places) they entered sing- ing the same blasphemies. At the bar of the House, in December (1656) he was sentenced to be set in the pillory twice, and whipt twice, and his forehead to be stigmatized with the letter B. and bored through the tongue ; with which he used to answer toany question, T/ou hast said st, and the like. He was likewise whipt at Bristol, and thence returned to New- ate. One Mr. Rich (a merchant ofcre- dit) that held him by the hand while he was in the pillories, with divers others, licked his wounds, The women were ob- served some to lay their head in his lap, lying against his feet, others to lean it up- on his shoulders, &c. After three days wilful abstinence, having weakened him- self even unto death, he begged soime victuals; and then was set towork, which he performed, and came by degrees to himself and to reduction.. At the return ef the Rump, he got his liberty, but sur- vived it not; his additional pretended divinity having attenuated and wasted his lumanity, and that body sublimed and prepared for miracles, went the way of all flesh. INVESTITURE OF CROMWELL. Being seated in his chair, on the left hand thereof stood the Lord Mayor Titchbouror, and the Dutch ambassador ; - the French ambassador, and the Earl of _ Warwick, on the right ; next behind him stood his son Richard, Fleetwood, Clay- ' pool, and the privy council; upon a lower descent stood the Lord Viscount Lisle, Lords Montague, and Whitlock, with drawn swords. Then the speaker, (Sir Thomas Whiddrington) in the name of the parliament, presented to him arobe of purple velvet, a bible, a sword, and a sceptre ; at the delivery of these things, the speaker made a short comment vpon them to the Protector, which he divided into four parts as followeth. 1. The robe or purple : this. is an em- blem of magistracy, and imports. righte- Ousness and justice. When you have put on this vestment, I may say you are 2 gownman, This robe is of a mixt co- ~ lour, to shew the mixture of justice and mercy. Indeed, a mayistrate must have ‘two hands, to cherish and to punish. 2. The bible is a book that contains the Holy Scriptures, in which you have the happiness to be well versed. This _ book of life, consists of two testaments, the old and new ; the first shews Chris. Extracts from the Portfolio of a Man of Letters. 45 tum velatum, the second Christum res velatum’: Christ veiled, and revealed. It is a book of books, and doth contain both precepts and examples for good governs ment. * 3. Here isasceptre not unlikea staff, for you areto be astaff to the weak and poor; it is of ancient use in this kind. It is said in Scripture, that the sceptre shall not depart from Judah. It was of the like use in other kingdoms. Homer, the Greek poet, cails kings and princes, sceptre-bearers. 4, The last thing is a sword, not a mi- litary, but civil sword: itis a sword rather of defence than offence; not to defend yourself only, but your people also, . If I might presume to fix a motto upon this sword, asthe valiant Lord Talbot had upon his, it should be this, Ego sum Domini Protectoris, ad protegendum pos pulum meum, ‘I am the Protector’s, to protect my people.” This speech being ended, the speaker took the bible, and gave the Pros tector his oath: afterwards Mr. Manton made a prayer, which being ended, the heralds, by sound of trumpet proclaimed his highness Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland, and the dominions thereunto belonging ; requiring all persons to vield him due obe- dience, At theend of ail, the Protector, with his train carried up by the Lord Sherard, Warwick’s nephew, and the Lord Roberts, his eldest son, returned; the Earl of Warwick sitting at one vend of the coach against bim; Richard hisson, ~ and Whitlock in one; and Lord Lisle, and Montague, in the other boot, with swords drawn; and the Lord Claypvol led the horse of honour, in rich caparisons, to Whitehall. RIDICULOUS SUPERSTITION AND IGNOs RANCE/OF DR, FULK: Who re'ateth in his book of Meteors, that the river Rhine in Germany will drown all bastard children that are cast into it, but drive to land those that are lawfully begotten. And also he says, there is a well in Sicily, whereof if thieves drink they presently become blind. - JOHN TAYLOR. This poet was a native of Gloucester- shire, a man of great natural parts, but littleeducation. He wrote several poems which were dedicated to KingJames and King Charles the First. For some time he kept a publie-house at Long Acre? and upon the murder of King Charles, set up the sign of the Mourning Crown; but this open piece of loyalty, in those days, obliged him to pull it down ; upon which 44 which he set up his own instead, with the following lines underit : Kings’ heads are hung up for a sign, And many a saint’s; then why not mine ? WONDERFUL SPRINGS. Pomponius Mela, in his account of the Canary or Fortunate Isles, gives an account of two wonderful springs, the water of one is of such a quality that it causes those who drink of it to die laugh- ing ; whilst the reverse is the nature of the other, which is the only remedy to heal those who have drank of the first; so that the bad qualities of the one are counterbalanced by the virtues of the other. Pomp. Mela, lib-3, cap. ii; and also Petrarch, in one of his canzonets; Ne L’jsole famose di Fortuna Due fonti hai ; chi di Puna, Bee moi ridendo ; e chi de l’altra scampa. Canz. 18, st. 6- MOCK SUNS. Languet and Stow relate, in their Chronicles, that in the year 1233, upon ‘the 7th of April, four suns were seen be- sides the natural sun, (which, in those days of ignorance and superstiticn, were Original Poetry. [Feb 1, ascribed to be the forerunners of war, famine, pestilences, &c. &c. ) foras those chronicles testify, there were much strife and dissention stirred up between Henry the Third and the lords of his kingdom 5 for the very next year England was wasted by fire and sword from Wales to Salisbury, which town was burnt soon after, attended witha great drought and pestilence. Also in the year 1460, three suns made their appearance but the day before the three Earls Edward Earl of March, with the Earl of Pembroke, and the Earl of Wiltshire, fought the great “battle at Mortimer’s Cross, as Stow af= firmeth, in which the Earl of March put the others to flight, with a great destruc- tion of their soldiers. Two more in- stances are also chronicled: one by Fulk in his Meteors, who says, thatin the year 1526, towards the slaughter of Lewis the Second, King of Hungary, three suns marched forth, The second in- stance is told by Inemond, who saith, that in the year 1619, were three also seen at Lovain, in the month of May, at sun-risiig. ’ ORIGINAL POETRY. te THE . SAINTS. A PARODY, - Sung at a Public Meeting of Friends to a Repeal of the Penal Laws respecting Religion. I. : "TO the angel of England, who sat in high glee, The sound Nonconformists addfest a petition, To cg Bia inspire mother Church them to ree From the tests that dishonour the holy reli- gion. «€ My permission you have,” was the answer he gave, ~£* But such favors as those of the Saints you niust crave, €¢ And I wish you success in attempting to yoke “ The palm of Religion with Liberty’s oak.” IL. The news thro’ Empyreum incontinent flew: When old Peter pretended to give himself airs: « If these mortals are sufter’d their scheme to pursue, “< There c#h’t be a hierarchy left below Stairs, « Hark! already I hear, with terrified ear, ‘¢ The church is in danger! new Cromwells are near ! ¢¢ For all the Dissenters are learning to yoke ¢¢ The palm of Religion with Liberty’s oak.” Il. ‘© Thy creed, Athanasius, these men dis- avow, ‘¢ And the Thirtyenine Articles read with a sneer. *¢ The episcopal bench will be tenantless now 5 «¢ And the biforked mitre a foo]'s-cap appear. ** My thunders, no fear on’t, shall soon do their errand, 6¢ Tl hurl them red-hot at bold Priestley, I warrant, “© And scare his fierce crew, for thus daring to yoke, «¢ The palm of Religion with Liberty’s oak.” IV. The yellow-hair’d Andrew thensaid: “ Pry- thee cease, , «¢ Thou high-priest of the Saints, such vile vociferation. ~ ; «« Presbyterians in England, "tis true, you may tease 5 6¢ But in Scotland you cannot deny them sal- vation, There 1811] , €¢ There over each head spread, - «€ And my sons from your firebrands no mis- chief shall dread ; «¢ But at leisure proceed in contrivine to yoke *¢ The palm of Religion with Liberty’s oak.” Vv. Next Patrick arose with his risible phiz: «6 By my shoul! brave Saint Andrew, I’m all of your mind. 6¢ Saint George is a fool, if he care for this. quiz. *¢ My test-acts I gave long ago to the wind. «© Come, Saint George, be not jealous of these honest fellows 5 «¢ Low churchmen are safer than such as are zealous: Their bigoted bishops unwillingly yoke is a covenant «6 The palm of Religion with Liberty's oak.” VI. $¢ My lads,” quoth Saint George, ¢¢ all the while I was young «¢Saint Peter and 1 remain’d very good friends : “t°Tis true we'd a quarrel, two centuries agone, *¢ But, by pleasing him now, I shall make him _ . amends. «When the Pope was in fashion, I laugh’d at the passion ; «© Now that others desert him I yearn with compassion 5 ¢ And, like him,'will oppose every sect that would yoke * The palm of Religion with iene s cak.” ee ee However, my friends, let us join hand in hand, Preserve unanimity, tolerance, and love : ?Tis ours to support what’s so happily Boge ts Perseverance will win, tho’ the great disap- prove. While thus we agree, our toast let it be, © May every fashien of worship be free, € And Catholic, Jew, and Dissenter, all yoke 6 The palm of Religion with Liberty’s oak.” a THOUGHTS ON LIFE. IN IRREGULAR VERSE.—=PART If. AY’ST thou, short-sighted, sinful man! In sad complaint, ¢ Oh what is life ?’ “€ Must Heaven’s all-wise, all-gracious plan, $* To calm thy soul’s unlawful strife, f€ Be sent by seraphs from the skies, *€ And all unveil’d before thy wondring eyes? $€ Vain, impious wish! thy feeble sight « ** Would shrink before the bright de- sign; $* Whelm’d by the dazzling flood of light, £* That streams from cach refulgeat line. Original Poetry. 45 <¢ Bow, humbly bow, before that God ‘¢ Whose goodness crowns thy fleeting days, «6 Who, when he lifts the chastening rod, «¢ A father’s tenderest love displays. ** Yet, complaining mortal, say, «6 Art thou left a hopeless prey, ‘« To sorrow, Care, or torturing pain ? «¢ What! is every pleasure fled, Every comfort cold, or dead, «¢ And will they never bloom again ?” Oh! cease thou faithful monitor within, Nor rend this weak deluded heart 5 Low inthe dust [ mourn my sin, And long to see its hated form depart. Ungrateful wretch! have not mine eyes Beheld with anguish and surprise The deathly pallid-cheek, the dim sunk eye, Wildly upraised.ta:speechless agony ? Has not my startled ear shrunk,from the groan That, rushing from the heart, appall’d my own ; And listened with unfeign’d distress To the sad “fade of human wiet Navicate ? Oh! could I then indulge a murmuring sigh ? Did selfish sorrow then suffuse mine eye? Ah no! the tear that trickled down my cheek Proclaim’d the gratitude no. words could speak, Then stretch thy thoughts abroad, my gro- velling mind, These strong incitements still remain: Call up to view the miseries of mankind, Explore the wretched haunts of grief and pain 5 And Jet the ilis thy fellow-men endure, Be to each murmuring thought a sovereign cure. Enough! ’tis done! I need no more ! The doleful scenes one rapid glance surveys, Constrain my humbled spirit te adore ‘The God whose goodness claims my highest praise. Yes! 1 would praise Him till my latest breath, My better choughts condemn desponding sighs ; And when IJ sink within the arms of Death, My nobler praise sball mount the lofty skies. What though my humble name Will never to the world be known ; And far from grandeur, power, or fame, The vale of lire I pass alone ; T covet not the splendour of the great, Nor sigh to join the world’s most favor’d throng ; No vain desires their blazon’d names create, Their gay parade unenvied moves along ; Alas ! they strive for gilded toys, That prove too oft a treacherous snare; The best delights, the sweetest joys, Thrive in a mild, a purer air. Take 46 Jake then, ye votaries to the world’s ap- plause, "Fake all the fame that empires can bestow} Pure from a richer source my spirit draws More lasting joys the balm for every woe. Who gives the sparrow skiil to fly, And frolic in the yielding air ? Who hears the unfledged ravens ery, And feeds them with parental care? Delightful thought! The same almighty power, With watchful care my varied path at- tends 5 &ad in the noontide or the midnight hour, My feeble soul from every ill defends. Then what is life ? A sacred voice declares, Taught by the truth illumin’d page : Tt soothes my spirit in a world of cares ; Ht curbs my fiery passions’ wildest rage. Be still, my heart, hush all thy sorrows, Every accent speaks to thee : 4 . Mark! ohmark, from whence it borrows ’ Each divinely-cheering truth, To guide thy frail and wandering youth, ‘Fo seats of endless bliss and purity. *¢ Dare a living man complain, «* Man, whose sins the stars outnumber ! *¢ Does he hope by day to gain «¢ Pleasures never mix’d with pain, ¢¢ And free from care by night toslumber ? «¢ Ah fool! for thee in dread array «¢ The kcenest disappointments wait : &¢ This li‘e is but a thorny way, «* To lead the pilgrim to a happier state. «¢ Forward, to the aw/ul goal 6¢ Say, frail mortal, tanst thou look 5 *¢ And firmly rest thy feeble soul, €¢ On some great promise in the sacred book ? «¢ Cans’t thou to the world above, «¢ Lift a humble, steadfast eye 5 «* Assured the God of boundless love, €£ Will be on earth thy friend, thy bliss in realms on high ? *¢ Then art thou rich beyond expression, * Firm as the storm-beat rock thy soul may rest 3 «¢ Life to thee is worth possession, © Alike in joy or sorrow thou art blest!” Yes, with my lips, my heart shall raise, Yo thee my thankful, noblest praise, Great source of happiness divine 5 Thy power supports my fainting soul ; Thy cheering words my fears controul, And to Thy wiil my all [ would resign. j.ct the proud sceptic with sarcastic sneer, Contemn those truths the best of men revere 3 Eet him assaule with all his puny rage The word of life, the heaven-indited page : But when my hands the sacred leaves unfold, In every line my wondering eyes behold The brightest, strongest, evidences shine To prove the glorious author most divine. Original Poetry. ‘ [Feb. 1, Inestimable book ! to mortals given, In wondrous love, to point the road to Hea- ven! Whether in joy or grief, to thee Lowe The choicest comforts I possess below. When travelling inAffliction’s darksome road, Oh! how it cheers my heart to hear thee say, “¢¢ Cast all thy weighty burden on thy God 5 «« He will sustain thee, He will guide thy way.” And when oppress’d by grief, to find My thoughts so much ia love with sin ; When doubts and fears distract my mindy And shame and darkness reign within. Blest source of comfort! then 1 fly, Anxious to hear thy soul-reviving voicey That tells me Jesus left the worlds on high, And died, that sinful mortals might rejoice! Yes, while on earth through his forgiving love, In glorious hope of endless joys above. Oh tis enough! here would my spirit rest, And bid life’s changing seasons roll along ; These srcred truths compose my troubled breast, And will inspire my Jast triumphant song. Ah ! then no more my restless heart, Indulge one anxious, wishful sigh : With cheerful hope perform thy part 5 And look for perfect bliss beyond the sky- This mortal frame must soon decay = Soon the messenger will come Fromm realms of never clouded day, To lead me home ! Then will this painful conflict cease, And all the ills I now deplore : Then will my spirit rest in peace, A prey to grief andsin no more. Trowbridge, Wilts. ALBERT. Cee eee TO MARY. : WHEN sad reflection me oppressesy I find relief in my distresses, By thinking of my Mary ; Whose virtues glisten inmy eyes, Like to the stars that gem the skies, Whose splendours never vary. In her I find those manners sweet, Which render female grace complete, No pertness e’er assuming 5 Her soothing language gently flows, Each accent with true knowledge glowsy She’s like the lily blooming, Oh could I then this fair one move To feel the gentle flame of love, *T would soothe a passion tender 5 >F would rid me of all earthly strife, ‘ My heart, my hand, my all, through life, To Mary I'd surrender. Encas. 1811] Lo . PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES, MEDICALSOCIETY OF LONDON. HE Medical Society of London have recently published the first volume of their Transactions, containing many interesting articles, and among others the following: Oo the Land Winds of Coromandel, and their Causes, by Wil- liam Roxburgh, M.D. The land-winds on the coast of Coro- mandel, says Dr. Roxburgh, are those hot winds which blow at a particular season of the year and honr of the day, from the western hills, commonly called the Ghauts, towards the bay of Bengal. In the more inland countries, as above the Ghauts, they are not confined to any regularity, though they are felt sometimes with a great degree of severity, and for hours together. Tunderstand also, that in the upper parts of Bengal, they are sometimes ex- perienced very severely; but whether from the west or the northward, or in what part of the year, I have not been able to ascertain. As far as this only tends to prove the insufficiency of the denomination, it would. signiiy little, although in other respects it would be of more moment. As they are generally supposed to be peculiar to this country, and are felt during several months in the year, we should imagine their history and eauses to have been perfectly investigated and understoad ; but, I know not why, nei- ther the one nor the other has as yet been satisfactorily explained. The most plausible reason generally given for the great accumulation of heat in them, is the heat. of the season in which they prevail, and the long tract of country over which they have to pass. That this, however, is not the true cause, it shall be my endeavour to demonstrate; to which I will add an attempt to point out the most probable one, founded on known chemical principles. Respecting the theory I have to offer, I regret that it has found but few patrons in this country, which, however, I flatter myself, may be ascribed more to. the manner in which it has been proposed, than to the foundation on which it is constructed, In order to facilitate the explanation of my sentiments, as well as to show that the land-winds really. deserve some at- tention from the philosopher, I. shall briefly recount the phanomena accom- panying their beginning and progress, as well as the effects by which they are pes nerally followed. Could my pen equal my sensations, I should be able to paint their effeets in the most lively colours, aided by eight years experience in a country the most noted on the Coast,* for their intensity, The land-winds are preceded in the latter end of March, or inthe beginning of April, by whirlwinds, which between eleven and twelve o’cloek at noon, hurry in various directions, mostiy from wese to east, towards the sea. These are called by the natives Peshashs or Devils, because they sometimes doa little mise chief to the lighter buildings. About the same time, ora little after the appearance of the whirlwinds, we may observe all ranges of hills garnished as it were with clouds, which become daily darker and heavier, until they diss charge themselves with much thunder and lightning in a heavy shower of rain After this marked phanomenon, the land-winds set in immediately with ali the violence of which ‘they are capable. Their commencement is generally in the latter end of April, or beginning of May, and their reign lasts to the earlier days of June, during which period they generally exert their violence from ten or eleven o’clock inthe morning, untib about three or four o’clock in the after- noon. In this season, the atmosphere is com- monly hazy and thick, except that im the evenings and nights, the sky is serene and clear, provided the land-winds do not continue-the whole day. The rising sun which portends a land- wind day, appears of a fiery red, and as if involved in mist, which mist is changed afterwards into clouds that lie Leavy on the Ghauts. The land-wind of each day is almos¢ always preceded by 2 long calm, and i= mediately by a cloud of dust, Their diurnal violence is terminated along the coast about two or three o'clock, by the setting-in of the sea-breeze which wafts delight and health as far as its influence extends, which is not more than ten or twelve miles inland. An abatement of their intensity from thenee to the Ghauts, is all that can be hoped for, * Samulcotah, in the Northern Circars. The 48 The sea-breeze regularly begins in the afternoon, at one or two o’clock, blowing pretty steadily until sun-set, when it dies awayjgradually, and at sun-rise it is again perceptible, though weakly. When If say its influence is only felt ten miles inland, 1 do not wish to be un- derstuod that it does not extend further: I mean only its powerful refreshing pro- perties, which it loses in proportion to the distance from the sea, and in an in- verse ratio to its strength, which is not great. In general, it arrives at thirty miles distance from the sea, in the even- ing, and is then only agreeable by the ventilation it effectuates. In the country above the Ghauts, as in Mysore, the east wind prevails also in the afternoon, but from a period much earlier, or cotemporaneous with the sea- breeze on the coast, which renders it clear that this inland breeze either does not extend further than to the Ghauts, or really originates there; a point which deserves to be ascertained, as another phenomenon depends upon this circum- stance. Should the sea-breeze fail, as some- times happens, the land-wind decreases gradually until it dies away in the begin- ning of the night, which, en account of its calmiess, is dismal to a degree: next morning, a little motion of the air is vgain perceptible, but at the usual time the wind sets in as strong and hot as the day before. Every thing we put our hands upon is then distressing to the touch, which must be the case when the temperature of the body is inferior to that of the atmosphere. This we ex- perienced for almost a fortnight in the year 1799, in the Northern Circars, when the thermometer, at eight o’clock in the night, stood at 1082, and at noon at 112°. Shades, vlobes, tumblers, then very often crack and break to pieces, and the wooden furniture warps and shrinks s0 much, that even the nails fall out of doors and tables, &c. In their greatest intensity, however, I have never seen the thermometer rise higher than 115°, viz. in the coolest part of the house, though some say they have observed it at 130°. The Ghauts, and the hills at no great distance from them, are then seen lighted all night by spontaneous fires, and often in a very picturesque manner, ‘Yhese illuminauons appear, in general, about the middle of the mountains, and seldom or never extend to the top or bottom of them, ‘They take place espe- Proceedings of Learned Socteties. - F, _—— = [Feb. 1, cially on those hills on which the bam- boos grow very thick, which has proba- bly led the natives to explain this pha nomenon so rationally, by ascribing it to the friction of these bushes against each other, Lieutenant Kater, of his Majesty’s 12th regiment, thinks that the corky bark of the adenantheru pavonina, is often spontaneously inflamed, as he has fre- quently found, on his surveys, its bark converted into charcoal, and several of these trees burnt down to the roots, al- though they were notin the vicinity of any other trees. In Europe, I know these spontaneous ignitions have been much discredited ; and I doubt not, but should these few sheets ever be published, many oljec- © tions will be raised against what I have related: but I have endeavoured to state facts only, which a luxuriant imagination might have painted in more striking colours, but I am sure not with stricter adherence to truth. 2 The lJand-winds are noted for the dry- ness which they generally produce on the face of the country, as well as on that of the animal creation. This sen- sation is particularly felt in the eyelids, which become in some measure quite stiff and painful. This is owing to the immediate volatilization of all humids that irrigate our organs, and which, in this particular one, probably gives rise to inflammations of. the eyes, so frequent at this time of the year.* The continuance of this wind causes pain in the bones, and a general lassie tude, in all that live; and in some, paras lytic or hemiplectic affections. Its sud- den approach has, besides, the dreadful effect ot destroying men and animals in- stantaneously. It is very common to see large kites or crows, as they. fly, drop down dead ; and smaller birds I have known to die, or take refuge in houses, in such num- bers, that a very numerous family has used nothing else for their daily meals than these victims of the inclemency of the season and their inhospitality. Ty po- pulous places it is also. not very uncom. * The eye-flies, so often supposed to oce casion it, produce a transient and sharp pain in the eye, but never, I believe, a lasting in« flammation, It is generally thought infec- tious, and may beso by the interference of the eyeeflies carrying the contagious matter from an affected eye to a sound one. ¢ . mon 1811.] mon to hear, that four or five people* have died in the streets in the course of a day, in consequence of being taken un- prepared. This happens especially at the first setting-in of those winds. The natives use no other means of se- curing themselves against this wind, but shutting up their houses, and bathing in the morning and evening; Europeans cool it through wetted tats; made of straw or grass, sometimes of the roots of the wattie,t which, wetted, exhale a pleasant but faint smell. It will be in- credible to those that have never wit- nessed it, but the evaporation is really So great, that several people must be kept constantly throwing water upon the tats (eight feet by four) in order to have the desired effect of cooling a small room. It would be scarcely necessary to ob- serve, if it were not in contradiction to public opinion, that the cold produced is nota peculiar property of the wind, but depends upon: the general principle, that all liquids passing into an aériform state, absorb heat, and cause immediately around them a diminution of it, and con- sequently a relative coldness. On the same principle depends also the cooling of wine and water, in the land-wind seasons, the latter in light earthen ves- sels, which allow an oozing of the water through their pores, and the former in bottles, wrapped in a piece of cloth, or in straw, which must be constantly kept moistened. Tis a ; The great violence of these winds is at last terminated by frequent showers of rain, in June, in the low countries, and by the greater quantity of the regular rains falling in the inland countries, which seem to suspend the partial for- mation of clouds along the Ghauts, and to leave them clearer, and visible at a greater distance, than they had been at ny other period of the year before. After the enumeration of so many dis- agreeable circumstances, I am naturally * Four people dropped down dead at Ya- mam in the year 1797, an hour after my ar- rival there from Masulipatam: and at Samul- Cotali, four or five died the same day on the Short road between that place and Peddapore : the number of inhabitants of either of these _ Places does not exceed, I believe, five thou- sand. + The frame of them is made of bamboos, in the form of the opening in the house to be tatted, let it be door or window, which is then covered with straw in the manner every one thinks best suited to retain the water longest. TL Andropogon muricatum. OnTULY Mac. No. 209, Proetedings of Learned Societys. 49 led to an investigation of the causes that produce them. Before this can be done, however, I must prove, according to pro- mise, that the theory of our philosophers is founded in error. They ascribe, as already observed, the extraordinary heat which distinguishes thess winds from most others, to the absorption of caloric, in their passage over an extensive tract of country, at a time when the sun acts most powerfully in our Jatitudes. According to this theory, the heat should increase in proportion to the space over which this wind is to travels it should be hotter on the coast than it is at any part of the country inland, or, which is the same, it should decrease by degrees from. the eastern to the western sea ofthe peninsula. Experience, how- ever, teaches us the reverse; for it is hottest near the Ghauts, and among tha valleys between those ranges of hills, than at any place on the coast; and the heat of those winds decreases also as they approach the Bay of Bengal, and in a direct ratio from the Ghauts to the sea: accordingly, it is at Ambore* hot- ter than at Vellore, and at this place again than at Arcot,f Conjeveram,|| and Madras, where the Jand-winds are sel- dom felt with any degree of severity. Time is another measure applicable to the acquisition of heat, as it increases to the greatest pitch which a body is ca- pable of receiving in pYoportion to its continuance: the land-winds should therefore be cooler when they set-in at ten or eleven o’clock, and hottest at their termination in the afternoon; they should be so at least at noon, when the sun is nearly vertical, and has the greatest in- fluence on the substances from which heat is to be attracted. The contrary, however, comes nearest to the truth; for it is known that these winds set-in with their greatest violence and heat at once, * A place situated in the most western val- ley of the Ghauts; immediately at the foot of the steepest ascent into the Mysore country. + Lies in a spacious valley, nearly at the entrance of the Ghaut mountains, and has the advantage of an open communication with the flat country to the north-east. ft A large city, the capital of the nabobs of the Carnatic, east of the ranges of hills called the Ghauts. || -«+. miles-eastof the latter place in the road te Madras, a large populous place. JI have chosen this tract, or line, as the most known, although not the hottest; for Ellore,’ Rajahmundry, and Samulcotah, inthe North- ern Circars, are by fax more exposed to these Winds» : G which - ‘50 which rather abate than increase, as - might be expected. We should, on this principle, further suppose the heat would increase gra- dually with the return of the sun to our ‘Jatitudes, from its southern declination, and stand always in proportion to its po- sition. We find, however, that expe- rience also contradicts this point of the theory under discussion; for after the sun has passed our zenith,* the land- winds set-in at once with all their inten- sity, in the manner before described, and | they cease as abruptly before its return again.t A material change in the temperature of this climate is certainly effected by the approach of the sun from the south; but the heat which is thus caused, and ‘which increases by imperceptible de- “grees, is never so great, and is only felt by those who expose themselves to it un- protected; for the air remains propor- tionally cool, and our houses afford, in this season, a pleasantretreat. We find it far otherwise in a land-wind; for this _penetrates our inmost recesses, and ren- ders life miserable every where. I have before observed, that winds equally hot with those of periodical du- ‘ration, are felt in all parts of the country, and at different seasons; a circumstance alone sufficient, if proved, to overthrow the ground-work of the old theory. For a confirmation of this, T will ap- peal to the general observation, that im- mediately before a long rain the weather is sultry, and that a single shower is al- ‘ ways preceded by a warin disagreeable wind, We are very particularly reminded of the approaching great monsoon in Oc- tober, by the oppressive heat we have in _ the calm evenings of that month, which, I am persuaded, would equal that of the land-winds in May, if the atmosphere were not cooled in the latter part of the night by breezes that have wafted over extensive inundated plains. _ I can refer, secondly, to my Meteoro- logical Journal, according to which, the 4th of June 1800, at Madavaram, a place not far from Bengalore, the ther- mometer rose for a short time to 104° just before a slight shower ef rain, and ¢ The sun is in the zenith at Madras about the 26th of April. ¢ The sunis again in our zenith on its gouthern declination about the 19th of Aue gust. Proceedings of Learned Societies. [Feb, 1, at atime when heavy clouds darkened the western hemisphere. : Further, in the months of March and April 1804, we had often at Bengalore, in the -afternoons, strong gusts of wind from the eastward, which, in common, were styled land-winds, and were reall as hot and disagreeable as moderate land- winds are in the Carnatic. I could ‘have multiplied instances of this kind, but am of opinion that in a fact so much known, it would be perfeetly needless. ’ The Jast refuge of the defenders of this theory, is the valleys of the Ghauts, in which they pretend the heat is gene- rated by the concentrated and reflected rays of the sun, i I will not deny but the heat occasioned by these causes, may contribute much to raise the heat of the land-winds; but the sudden appearance of the latter, their usual strength, and abrupt disappear- ance, all militate against that explanation as a principal cause. The heat of these winds should in this case, to say a few words more on the preceding subject, decrease regularly from the point where it is greatest to~ wards the opposite, on both sides, as is the case on the coast of Coromandel. On the contrary, we find that, imnredi-+ ately on our having ascended the Ghauts, or on the top of hills* elevated above the clouds, we have escaped their heat all at once. It is hereby remarkable, that the direction of the wind remains to ap- pearance nearly the same every where. In Mysore, for example, the wind is, in the land-wind season, west during the greater part of the day; in the afternoon it is from the east, and commonly warmer than the former. This, together with what had been said before, will, I hope, be thought suf- ficient to establish my opinion relative * Major Lambton, at the top of Carnati- ghur, one of the highest hills in the “Car- natic, about three thousand two hundred feet above the level of the sea, found, inthe mid- dle of the land-wind season, the thermo- meter at 79° and 80° in the mornings, and at noon $29 and 84°, when it was below at 103°, and more. This observation may be the more depended upon, as the Major re- mained for a considerable time on the top of this hill, ‘in the pursuance of his most accurate survey, in the course of which he pays great attention to this, as well as to all other points that could influence his learned labours. fo e a “ . 1811.] to what cannot be the cause of the heat in the land-winds. It remains now. to point out a theory supported on a firmer basis, which [ shall endeavour to do in the following pages. It is founded on a chemical penile, and will explain, I think, the eat of these winds ina satisfactory manner. ; The principle itself needs no demon- stration, as it is admitted as a general law; viz. that “all bodies, when they become more dense, suffer heat to _ escape; or, what is the same, they give out heat.” For example, when gases or aériform substances become vapours, they discharge as much heat as was ne- cessary to keep them in their former gaseous state: further, vapours in con- densing into fluids are known to do the same, as also fluids acquiring solidity. I am sorry that the quantity of heat set free in the condensation of vapours required for a pound of water, has escaped My memory; but I recollect it was very considerable. We know, however, that 2 great deal of it is required for the eva- poration of the same measure, and it is » but reasonable to admit that the same quantity with which it has combined should be discharged on its returning to its former state of fluidity. In order to apply this principle to exe plain the presence of heat in our Jand- winds, I must first observe, that the at- mosphere in January, February, and March, is perfectly clear and serene; and then [ will call to mind what has been said of the phenomena of those winds, that they are preceded by clouds on and among the Ghauts, and that a heavy shower of rain from that quarter an- nounces their arrival; that during their continuance clouds are observed to lieon -the Ghauts; and that the atmosphere, even in the low country, is hazy and thick. I must add also, that the coun- tries west of the Ghauts are at this sea- _gon frequently visited by heavy showers of rain, accompanied with much thunder and lightning, and sometimes with hail, - Here in the Mysore country [ have found _the heaviest showers of this kind to come from the north-west,* which is exactly in the direction of the countries remark- able for the great heat of the land-winds Da Reh Aaa aS 1 Le or * The hottest land-winds in this season (1804) at Madras, were, I understand, from the north-west; which corresponds with the direction from which the rains came in My- §ore at that periods. | Medical Society. 5 in this season, At times, we have‘also showers from the east and south-east, and my attention shall not be wanting to ascertain whether it is not at the time when the land-winds blow hottest in the Carnatic. By this we see, that the clouds formed on the Ghauts, charged - with water and electricity (by causes I am not now to investigate), are drawn to the westward, whilst the heat, which du- ring the sermation of these clouds, must necessarily be discharged, is carried to the east or ta the lower parts of the coast, and causes the properties for which the Jand-winds are so remarkable. I have acknowledged already, that the heat occasioned by the power of the sun in this season, contributes to the aggre- gate of itin the wind; but [ must observe also, that it acts only as a secondary cause, and passively, by preventing its absorption and diminution in the career over a variety of substances, particularly moisture, with which it would combine, if they had not been previously removed or incapacitated, In colder climates, this absorption takes place in a greater degree, as sub- stances are abundant with which the heat produced by the formation of rain can combine and become iimperceptible.+ It is, however, there also often remarked, that the heat of the sun in a cloudy day is more powerful than at any other time. In common this is ascribed to the reflec- tion of the rays. of the sun from the clouds ; but I opine it is often the conse- quence of the formation of water in the clouds, which obscure the sky at that moment, d Tt has been observed, that the heat of the land-winds is not felt on the top of high hills, or on plains of a very inconsi- derable perpendicular height above those in which it rages most violently; as, for example, in Mysore near the Ghauts, which is only about five hundred feet higher than the valleys immediately be- low. This might be considered a weighty objection against my theory; as heat, considered in the light of an elastic fluid, expands equally on, all sides; and from whatever cause it proceeds, it should be supposed to extend even further where it meets with less resistance, as from the * Varl Dundonald’s Treatise, p. 20. ‘*The frequent changes in the degree of heat and cold in the atmosphere are to be ascribed more to the alternate disengagement and fixation of heat by chemical combination, than to the effects of the solar rays.” f air 52 Sa ae ar, Par air in higher regions, which is known to be lighter and more penetrable than near the earth. But the reverse takes place; for almost immediately above the clouds no other heat is perceptible than what might be Owing to the nature of the climate. This circumstance may be accounted for by the diminished density of the air in the lower parts of the country, pro- duced by the heat of the season, which would naturally cause the wind to rush thither, with all its contents, and with greater impetuosity. The coolness of the atmosphere on elevated situations may be ascribed also to the evaporation of the uppermost strata of the clouds, which accompany the land-winds. Many arguments I have dispensed with, which might have been produced to elucidate and to establish my theory, as they were chiefly such as could be » collected from simple inference, and from afirmative application of doctrines ad- vanced before. I will only add, that both the sirocco and samiel may be owing to simiiar causes as those which appear to be pro- ductive of the pernicious, or rather dis- agreeable, effects of our land-winds. REPORT of the BRITISH and FOREIGN SIBLE SOCIETY, ResuminG the narrative of their fo- reign correspondence from the informa- tion in their last report, the committee state, that the measures adopted by them for promoting an edition of the Scriptures in the Polish language, through the agency of the Bible Society at Berlin, have proved successful. By the latest intelligence from the Bible Society at Berlin, respecting the progress of this work, it appears, that the propased edi- tion, comprising 8,000 copies of the whole Bible, and 4,000 extra copies of the New Testament, had then been ad- ‘vanced to the beginning of the Prophecy of Daniel. © In another letter from Berlin, dated the 27th of February last, it is stated, that the Lithuanian nation contains up- wards of a million of people, many of whom are truly pious, but very poor; and that one of the prineipal clergymen has caused it tobe published from all the pulpits belonging to Prussian Lithuania, that a new edition of the Lithuanian Bi- ble was about to be printed. The committee report also the receipt of two letters from the German Bible Society at Basle. The first confirms the probability of a second edition of the Proceedings of Learned Societies. [Feb. 1, German Bible, by stating that it had been actually completed, and a third begun. y Four thousand copies of the New Tese tament, in French, had been purchased | and sent to different depots in Montbes lard, Nismes, and other places in France, From several parts in the south-eastern provinces of that country, authentic ac- counts had been received, that many Roman Catholics requested copies of the New Testament, and had perused them with great eagerness aud gratitude. The committee, anxious to encourage these important undertakings, both with respect to France and the Grisons, re- solved to assist the Society at Basle with a grant of 300l, for the first object, an of 2001. for the second. : The committee next advert to their correspondence with the Evangelical So» ciety at Stockholm. In their last report, they stated, that the sum of 3001, had been remitted to that Sociegy for the pur- pose of enabling it to undertake an edi- tion of the Swedish New Testament on standing types. Encouraged by this re- ,Mittance, the society proceeded imme, diately to the execution of the work. It appeared that in the diocese of Tornea, which comprises the north of Sweden and Swedish Lapland, there were about 10,000 Laplanders unacquainted with any language but that of their own country. ' The safe arrival, and due distribution, of the Bibles sent by your committee for the use of the German colonists on the banks of the Wolga, have been acknows ledged. The committee have learnt that the edition of the Arabic Bible, printing un- der the patronage of the bishop of Dur ham, is considerably advanced. The number of natives of Ceylon subs ject to the British government, is com- pated at a milion and a half; their lan- guages are the Cingalese and Tamul, Nearly the first three books of the Old Testament, and the whole of the New, have been translated into the Cingalese, and:printed xt Columbo, at the charge of government. T's domestic occurrences, with a view to a clearer elucidation of them, may be conveniently arranged under the follow- ing beads: ‘ First, New editions of the Scriptures printed in England. Second, Auxiliary Bible Societies ins stituted since the last general meeting. Third, Distribution of Bibles and Tess taments; and, Fourth, 1811.] Fourth, Donations to the funds of the Society. } The committee report, that the edi- tion of the New Testament, in ancient and modern Greek, in parallel columns, commenced in the last year, is nearly completed ; and that the Dutch and Da- nish Testaments, announced in the for- mer report as being in the press, are ngw in circulation. The committee also report their reso- Jution to print a version of the New Tes- tament in the Irish language. A mission has been for these forty years past established on the coast of Labrador, for the purpose of instructing the Esquimaux in the Christian religion. To facilitate these labors, the committee have printed a version of the gospel of St. John in the Esquimaux language, and have farther agreed to print the gos- pel of St. Luke, Rh yd Under the general head of distribution of the Scriptures, on which the committee report, they include not only donations but supplies of the Scriptures furnished by the British and Foreign Bible Society List of New Publicatiois. 53 to other Associations, and individuals, at the cost, or reduced prices. The total of such donations and sup- plies has been very considerable during the last year, both at honve and abroad, Copies of the Scriptures, either in whole orin part, and in various languages, have been sent abroad to Southern Africa, for the benefit of the converted Hottentots; to Paramaribo in Surinam; to the West Indies, for the use of the Christian ne- groes; to the islands of Sark, Jersey, Madeira, Sicily, Dominica, Bermuda, Jamaica, Guadaloupe, Martinique, Tri- nidad, Antigua, St. Thomas, aud Prince Edward’s; to St. Domingo; to the Cape of Good Hope; to Quebec; to Deme- rara ; and to different stations in India, The 500 copies of the Italian New Testament, sent to a respectable corres- pondent at Malta, have been received and put into distribution, ; Of 500 Testaments sent to Martinique, for sale or gratuitous distribution, among the negroes and other poor people, 450 were eagerly and rapidly purchased; and the remainder reserved for donations, LIST OF NEW PUBLICATIONS IN JANUARY, ——.1 ARTS, FINE. A Description of the Ancient Terracottag in the British Museum. By Taylor Combe, esq. with 41 plates, engraved after the Draw- ings of William Alexander, esq. royal 8vo. Al. 11s. 6d. elephant, Zl. 12s. 6d. A Picturesque Voyage to India, by the way of China. By Thomas Daniel, R.A. and William Daniel, A.R-A. folio, with 50 en- gravings, 121. EDUCATION, A New Introduction to Reading, adapted to ’ Children from six to twelve years of age. By the Rev. G. Davies, A.M. ¢s. ; A Treatise on Mechanics, principally de- signed for the use of Schools and public Semi- . Maries, illustrated by a great number of ex- amples. By ‘W. Marratt. 8vo. 16s. A Practical Treatise on the use of the Globes, iliystrated with an extensive and se- ‘dect variety of Questions, for the use of Schools, By W. fhackwray. 3s. HISTORY. The New Chronicles of England and France. By Robert Fabyan. Named by himself the Concordance of Histories. Re- printed frpm Pynson’s edition of 1516, the first: part collated with the edition of 1533 and 1559, and the second with a manuscript of the author’s own time, .as well as the sub- _Sequent editions, including the different con- inuations, with a Biographical and Literary Peace. By Henry Ellis. 4to. Sl. 3s, MEDICINE, SURGERY, ANATOMY. A Familiar Treatise on the Prevention and Cure of Asthma, Difficulty of Breathing, Wheezing, and Winter Cough, with explicit instructions for their management and cure. To which are added, Directions for the use of Stramonium. By Mr, Fisher. 2s. A New System of Physic and Medical Surgery. By R. Reece, M.D. 8yvo. 12s. Tilustrations of Madness; exhibiting a sins gular case of Insanity, and a no less remark- able difference in Medical Opinion, By John Haslam. 5s. 6d. Additional. Cases, with further Directions to the Faculty, relating to the Use of the Humulus or Hop, in Gout, and Rheumatic Affections. By A. Freake. @vo. 1s. 6d, On the Diseases of the Generative System. By John Rooerton, M.D. 8vo. 14s. MILITARY. An Account of the Campaigns in Poland in the-years 1806 anc 1807, with brief Re- marks en the Character and Composition of the Russian Army. By Sir Robert Wilson, Knight, and Aid-de-Camp to the King. 4to, 11. 14s. 6d. fine paper 21. 2s. Essai sur le Systeme Militaire de Bona- parte, ou l’on demontre pourquoi ses troupes ont eu cette malheureuse preponderance sur celles du Continent, suivi d’une analyse dela Revolution Francoise et du Couronnement de S. M. Corse. 7s. MISCELLANEOUS The Report from the Committee appoint. ed to examine the Physicians who have at- tended His Majesty during his illness, touch- ing the state of His Majesty’s Health. Ys. Lettres 54, Eettres de Mademoiselle de l’Espinasse. Syvols. 12mo. 18s. An Inquiry into the Nature and Extent of Poetic Licence. By N. A. Vigors, jun. esq. royal Bvo. 15s. Instructions, addréssed to the Catholics of © the Midland Counties of England, on che State and Dangers of their Religion. By Dr. Bfitner, V.A. 2s. The Philanthropist, No. HY. 2s. 6d. An Appendix to the Third Edition of Ta- bles requisite to be used with the Nautical Fphemeris; being New Tables of Natural Sines, Natural Versed Sines, and Logarithms of Numbers, from 1 to 100,000. 2s. The East India Register and Directory for #811. By John Mathison and Alexander Way Mason. -§s. True Stories; or, interesting Anecdotes of Young Persons; designed, through the me- dium of Example, to inculcate principles of Virtue and Piety. 12mo. 4s. 6d. The Reformer; comprising twenty-two Essays on Religion and Morality. 12mo. 6s. ’ Hints to the Public and the Legislature on the Prevalence of Vice, and on the Dangerous Effects of Seduction. 12mo. %s. The Female Economist, or a plain System of Cookery, for the use of Families. By Mrs. Smith, third edition, 4s. boards. The Merchant’s and Artificer’s Companion, and Preetical Guide to-Accounts. By John Harris Wicks, of Englefield Green, Egham, Surry. 3s. Gd. bound. NOVELS, TALES, ROMANCES, Chon and Si-Ling; an Historical Romance: “En which is introduced some Account of the Customs, Manners, and Moral Conduct of the Chinese. royal 1gmo. 53. Married Life, or Faults on both Sides. Miss Howard. 5-vols. 12mo. 15s. Julia de Vienne, a Parisisn Tale, imitated from the French. 4 vols. 12mo. 11. Is. A Father’s Tales to his Daughter. By J: N. Bouilly. 2 vols. 12mo. 9s. The Sorrows of Eliza, or a Tale of Misfor- tune. By R. B.. Bayles, esq. royal 12mo. Zs. 6a. " The Mysterious Hand, or Subterranean Hor- rors. By A. ].Crandalph 3 vols. 12mo, 15s. The Arabian’ Nights’? Entertainments, carefully revised and occasionally corrected By from the Arabic; to which is added, a Selec-. tion of New Tales, now. first translated from the .Arabic Originals; also an Introduction and Notes, illustrative of the Religion, Man- “mers, and Customs of the Malrommedans, By Jonathan Scott, LL.D. Oxford, late Ori- ental Professor at the Royal Military and East-Incia Colleges, &c. 6 vols. post 8vo. Si. 13s. 6d, demy 8vo. 51. 5s. and 18mo. 11, 26s. ~ Arabian Nights’? Entertainments,. 4 vols. royal 12mo, translated by Beaumont. ; PHILOLOGY. A New Dictionary of the English and Ger- aman Languages. 2 vols. 8vo. 1i. 4s. fine pa- _ per il. 14s. 6d. Greek Idioms, exhibited in select Passages List of New Publications. [Feb. 1, from the best Authors; with English Notes and a Parsing Index. To which are added, Observations on some Idioms of the Greek Language. By the Rev. Wm. Neilson, DD. M.R.LA. 8vo. 5s. POETRY. A few Poems relative to an unprecedented Attack ona Lady’s Character. 55. The Curse of Kehama. Southey. 4to. 31. Ws. 6d. ; Felissa, or the Life and Opinions of a Kite ten of Sentiment. 5s. 6d. The Fifth, or Paper Age, a Satire. 5s. Poems. By Miss Holtord. 8vo. 6s. Dunkeld, the Prodigal Son, and other Poems, including Translations from the Gue- lic. By Petrus Ardilensis, foolscap 8vo.6s. The Old Bard’s Farewell. By Mr. Jerning- ham, 2s. 6d. Fables, by the Rev. Henry Rowe, L.L.B. 8vo. 1s. each, large paper 1s. 6d, POLITICS AND POLITICAL ECONOMY. An Examination af the Report of the Bul- lion Committee. - By S. Cock. 4s. A Letter to the Right Hon. Sir fohn Sin- clair, bart. on his Remarks on Mr. Huskisson’s Pamphlet. 19. 6d. Considerations on Commerce, Bullion, and Coin, Circulation and Exchanges, witha view to our present Circumstances. By George Chalmers, F.R.S. S.A. 6s. 6d, A Letter to a Member of Parliament, occa sioned by the Report of the Bullion Commit- tee. By Jasper Atkinson, esq. Ss Gd. Observations on the Fallacy of the sup- posed Depreciation of the Paper Currency of this Kingdom, with Reasons for dissenting from the Report of the Bullion Committee. By Trancis Perceval E\tiot, esq. 5s, The Speech of John Leach, esq. ina Com~ mittee of the whole House, upon the State of the Nation, 3ist December, on the Ques- tion of Limitations of the Royal Authority in the hands of the Regent. 1s. 6d. The Debates in both Houses of Parliament, in the Session of 1810, on the Petition of the Roman Catholics of Ireland. 10s. 6d. THEOLQGY. Cockson’s Book of Common Prayer; with the Administration, of the Sacrements, and other Rites and Ceremonies of the Church of England; with a Table of Contents, by means of which a child may refer to any particular part. No. I. 9d. A Refutation of Calvinism ; in which the Doctrines of Original Sin, Grace, Regenera- tion, Justification, and Universal Redemptions are explained; and the peculiar tenets main- tained by Calvin, upon these points, are . proved to be contrary to Scripture, to the writings of the Ancient Fathers of the Chris~ tian Church, and to the Pubic Formularies of the Church of England. By George Toul~ mine, D.D. F.R.S. Lord Bishop of Lincoln, and Dean of St. Paul’sy London. 8vo, 12s. » VOYAGES AND TRAVELS. A General History and Collection of Voy~ ages and Travels. By Robert Kerr, F.R.S. F.A.S. Edinburgh, Part]. 6s. VARIETIES, By Robert - . Ib] [ 55 J VARIETIES, Lrrerary AND PuHILosoruIcaL, ~ Including Notices of Works in Hand, Domestic and Foreign. ; ¥ * * Authentic Communications for this Article will always be thankfully received, —————— HE Rev. Mr. Harrer, whose in- _ teresting researches at Herculane- tum, under the patronage of His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, have ex- cited the liveliest attention of the lite- fary world, is about to publish a Letter to His Royal Highness, containing a Narrative of all that passed on this sub- ject from his leaving England till his re- turn. It will be illustrated with engra- vings; and in every sense it cannot fail to gratify and interest the public. The Pantheon has been very judi- ciously converted into a national insti- tution for exhibiting the improvements in the manufactures of the United Kingdom, and in the arts connected therewith; for promoting the general! interests of commerce, both foreign and domestic ; abd for aiding the pros- perity of every class of manufacturers. “Tt will present at once, (arranged in a gular and connected series,) all that Piachester, Birmingham, Sheffield, Leeds, Nottingham, Coventry, Norwich, Glasgsw, as well as the sister kingdom, and all other manufacturing places, sup- ply; and will preserve a register of every tmanufacturer in the United Kingdom, whereby sueh of them as become sub- scribers to the institution, will open new meats of promoting their interests in a variety of ways, and to a great extent. A spacious chamber is exclusively ap- propriated to the resort and accomimo- dation of subscribers ; and the datiy and country papers are to be taken in and fited for their accommodauon, And for the peculiar use of patrons of the in- stitution, a spacious chamber of asso- ciation, is prepared and fitted up for ‘their exclusive reception and resort at all times, provided with a copious sup- ply of books of reference, an extensive assortment of publications, foreign and domestic; cogether with all foreign ga- gettes and newspapers that can be pro- eured from every quarter of the world. The totelligent part of the metropolis, and country visitors, have long languished for such an establishment, and we cor- dially wish it success. Mr. Bisset, of the Museum, Birming- haw, will publish early in February next, a superb medallion of bis Royal Highness e Prince of Walés as Regent of the Imperial Kingdoms. The Rev. Davip Biarr, whose various school books enjoy such unrivalled cele~ brity, is about to publish a Universal Grammar of Arts, Sciences, and General Knowledge, which is likely to supersede all other genera! systems now used in our schools. ; Dr, Dickson has at length achieved the grand desideratum of agricultural ime provement, and finished for publicatien a compressed and cheap compendium of agricultural knowledge and improvement, called the Fariner’s Companion, Itisa suitable present from ‘a patriotic Jand. lord. A new edition of Martyn’s Georgics is in the press. Tn our last Varieties it was stated, by mistake, that Mr. Ronenr Baxewewe had discovered a new mode of analysing soils, minerals, &c. “We have since seen the proposals of that gentieman, iv which he lays claim to no new discovery in the mode of analysing. Tt appears he is en- saved in anew undertaking, to unite with the survey of estates a Minéralugical Examination and Analysis of the Sub- stances they contain, and to accompany the Plan with a Manascript Description and Natural History of the Estate. A new work is preparing by Mr, Perez Nrenotson, on the Mechasical Exer- cises of Carpentry, Joinery, Bricklaying, Masonry, Turnery, &c. ; with plates of the various tools used in each branch of business, and other ‘figures explana- tory of the principles and practice of the several arts. This work is drawn up on the plan of the familiar but obsolete work by Moxon, the plates are numerous, and the work will be ready for publication early this spring. An elegant work with plates in aqua- tinta, from drawings by Mr. Luear, architect, of plans and views of buildings execated by him in Englandand Scotland, several of wlrich are in the eastellated style, with accurate views of the situations, will soon be ready for publication, Lord Dg DunstanviLLe will speedily publish from the original manuscripts in his possession, Carew’s Survey of Corn. wail, with Notes, by the late Thomas Youkin, esq. member of Parliament in the reign of Queen Anne. Tbe Memoirs of Prince Eugene of Savoy, written by himself; translated ; from 56 from the last French edition, by Mr. Muprorp, will appear early in Febru- 2ry, in one volume, octavo, The Flora of the Counties of Northum- herland and Darham, by Mr. Wincn, of which the Botanist’s Guide through those counties may be considered as a prodro- mus, will shortly be put to press, and ublished with all convenient speed. t will comprise the generic and specific descriptions and localities of about 2000 indigenous plants; and will be embel- lished with coloured engravings of some of the more rare and beautiful subjects, drawn from Nature by the masterly hand. of Mr. Sowerby. On the 1st of April Mr. AckrErmann will publish the first part of an historical and descriptive work, entitled West- minster Abbey and its Monumenis, which is designed to form two volumes elephant quarto, illustrated with sixty- six coloured plates, from drawings -by Messrs, Pucin, Huet, and Mackenzie, The letter-press will give a history of that interesting fabric, with all its accessory circumstances from the earliest notices of it to the present time. _ Mr. Lowry is engaged in a work enti- tled Select Specitnens of the Ancient Ar- chitecture of Great Britain, accompanied with Historical and Descriptive Illus- trations. The selection of subjects for this work will be made from the choicest architectural remains in this country, and consist of such as may. be deemed best’ adapted to illustrate the rise, progress, and revolutions, of the various styles which distinguish its ecclesiastical and military edifices, It is propesed to give serspective views either of whole build- . Ings‘or of parts, and; where farther expla- nation appears necessary, to add plans and elevations. The work will ap- pear in Numbers, commencing with the principal remains of Roman architec- ture. ‘The historical part will be drawn up with the strictest regard to accuracy, and the descriptive will be the result of a careful and minute examination of the gbjects introduced. The engravings will be executed in the best style, by Messrs. Lowry, Landseer, J. Rotfe, G. Cooke, J. Le Keux, Lee, Porter, &c. after ori- gigal drawings by Messrs. Nash, Tur- ner, Varley, and other eminent artists. Iilustrations of Gertrude of Wyoming, from paintings by Mr. Cocx, with a por- trait of the author, froma painting by LawRENCE, are also in preparation. Ilfustrations of the Lady of the Laké, from paintings by My, Richard Coon, are Literary and Philosophical Intelligence. [Feb. 1, now engraving by Warren, Heatn, ArMe sTRONG, and ENGLEHEART, and will be published as speedily as the requisite atten= tion to their execution, which is intended ' to be in the first style, will admit. Mr. W. Crane, of Edinburgh, has published Hints respecting a New Theory on the Orbits of Comets, in which he suggests the probability that they revolve about two fixed stars, placed ip the two foci of their orbits. . Mr. R. B. Harrapan will in a few days publish theseventh and last Number of Cantabrigia Depicta et Descripia, being a series of thirty-four engravings of all the public buildings, colleges, churches, and remains of antiquity, in the Univer~ sity and town of Cambridge ; with accu- rate historical accounts of each, from the earliest period to the present time, Mr. Wricnt, professor aud public lecturer of the Science of Elocution, pur- posesearly in the next month, to deliver his Spring Lectures, and to read the whole of the Church Service, at his pub- lic lecture room, Bedford-street, Covent Garden. ‘ The following subjects are proposed for the Chancellor’s prizes at Oxford, for. the ensuing year, viz. for Latin verses, Herculaneum;—for an English essay, Funeral and Sepulchral Honours ;—for a. Latin essay, De Styli Ciceroniani, in di- versa materié, varietate;—aud for Sic Roger Newdigate’s prize for the best composition in English verse, not con- taining more than fifty lines, The Parthe~. non. A correspondent of a respectable pe- riodical work has communicated an ex periment made by him at a time when bread was very dear, with a view to find some cheaper substitute for wheat flour. He directed several turnips to be washed, pared, and boiled; when soft enough to. be mashed, the greatest part of the water was pressed out of them, and they were mixed with an equal weight of coarse wheat-meal. The dough was then made in the ‘usual manner with yeast, salt, and water. It rose well, was made up inte loaves, and baked in the usual mannér. When drawn from the oven, a loaf was cut and found to be sweeter than common bread, full as light and white, with a slight, but not disagreeable, taste of the turnip. Twelve hours. afterwards this taste was scarcely perceptible, and in twenty-four hours was entirely gone. Dr. Bett has transferred 15,0001. stock, 3 percent. consols, to the Univer- sity of Caimbridge, in trust, to found mea eight 13li.d eight new scholarships. The scholars to he the sons or the orphans of those cler- men of the church of England whose circumstances and situations are alto- gether such as not to enable them to bear the whole expence of sending their sons to the University. The first election shall take place between the 12th of No- vember and 21st of December, 1810, when there shall be elected two scholars of the third year of standing, that is, who were admitted between commencement of 1807 and 1808; profits to commence from July the 6th, 1810, and to be con- tinued for two years. At the same time shall be elected two other scholars of the second year, who were admitted between commencement 1808 and commencement 1809 ; profits to continue for three years. The second election will be on the Friday after Midlent Sunday, 1811, of two scho- Jars of the first year; profits to continue for four years. The fourth election will be ot Friday after Midlent Sunday, 1813, of two other scholars of the first year, to succeed those two of the third year who were two of the four first chosen, and so on for ever; the profits to continue for four years and no more. Every scholar 4s to take the degree of A.B. in the most regular manner. No scholar to be elected from King’s College, or from ‘Trinity Hall. The electors are, the Vice Chancellor, the Regius Professor of Di- -yinity, the Regius Professor of Civil Law, the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics, and the Public Orator. _ Mr, Ricwarp Watker, in some late ‘observations on the barometer, abserves, that, in order to prognosticate the weather by means of the barometer, yne general rule should be premised, viv, that, pre- viously to observing the | 1»meter, the ‘state of the weather at t ime should be accurately noticed in «. yarticular. Hence, to speak figura 4...’ we might affix this motto to the bax migtr, * Tell me what the weather is, a’ ‘Pi, tellyou what it will be.” The creramstances to be collected previously to eci ng the barometer are, 1st, The: ‘=f ie at- _ mosphere, respecting its dé, uj, clear= “ness or cloudiness: 2dly, ‘+ divection of the wind, together yen ii, s'eadiness or variablenesg: and Sdly, fhe altitude and density of the clouds, S08 The barometer rising may be copsidered , “eneral indication that the weather, com- _para.lwely with the state of it at the time of @beervation, is becoming clearer. . _ 2. The atmosphere apparently becoming Clearer, and the barometer above RAIN, and Monrucy Mac. Ne. 209, Literary and Philosophical Intelligence: cy rising, show a disposition in the air for fair weather. 3. The atmosphere becoming clear, and the barometer above CHANGEABLE, and rising, indicate fair weathet. 4. The atmosphere clear, and the barome- ter near Fair, and rising, denote continued fair weather. 5. Our prognostic of the weather is to be guided, relatively, thus: If, notwithstanding the sinking of the barometer, little or no rain follow, and it afterwards rise, we may expect continued dry weather. 6. If, during a series of cloudy rainy weae ther, the barometer rise gradually, though yet below RAIN, especially if the wind change from the south or west towards the north or east points, clear and dry weather may be expected. 7. The weather for a short period, viz. from morning until evening, may commonly be foretold with a considerable degree of cera tainty. If the barometer has risen during the night and is still rising, the clouds are high and apparently dispersing, and the wind calm, especially if it be in or about the north or east points, adry day may be confidently expected: the same rule applies for predict- ing the weather from evening till morning.. 8. During the increase of the moon there seems to be a greatrr disposition or effort in the air for clear dry weather than in the wanes but this disposition does not usually come mence till about three or four days after the New moon, and ceases about three or four days after the full moon. 9. The barometer should be observed oc- casionally thrice in the day, or oftener when the weather is changeable, in order tu notice whether the mercury be stationary, rising, or sinking ; for from this circumstance, together with the direction of the wind and the appa- reat state of the air at the time, is infor- mation to be collected, and a continuance of the same, or a sudden change of the-weather, to be foreseen. 10. Lastly, observe always: The higher the mercury shall stand in the scale in each instance, and.the more regularly progressive its motion shall be, the stronger will be the indication: likewise, The more the wind inclines towards the north or east points, the greater will be the disposition in the air for fair weather. The indications of rainy weather will ob« viously be the direct reverse of those rules which predict fair weather. Frost is indicated in winter by the same rules that indicate fair weather, the wind being in or about the north oreast points, and the thermometer sinking towards32. —~ A fall of snow seldom comes without 2 previous frost of some duration, and is indi« cated by the sinking of the barometer, espe= cially ifthe mercury be below CHANGEABLE» and the thermometer at or neag the freezing point. “i When 8 “ When the temperature of the air is about $5°, snow and rain sometimes fall together ; at “a warmer temperature than 35° it seldom ‘snows, or rains at a colder temperature. Thunder is presaged by the same rules which indicate rain, accompanied by sultry heat ; the thermometer being up to 75. Storms, hurricanes, and high winds, are Gndicated hy the barometer falling suddenly, ‘or sinking considerably below MUCH RAIN. ~ The® barometer is known to be rising or sinking by the mercury having either a convex or concave surface, or by the perceptible rise or descent of the mercury, if at the time of observation the barometer be gently rapped. © If at any time the weather should differ widely from the indications of the barometer, ‘it may be presumed, as is sometimes known to happen, that a particular spot is affected by ‘local circumstances. After a long continuedseries of wet weather, “we may, when the weather becomes fine, ex- ‘pect an uninterrupted continuance of dry weather. ; Tf, after a long series of wet weather, the ‘barometer rise above CHANGEAELE, and the wind veer steady to the north or east points, a continued duration of fair weather may be expected. Slow and progressive variations in the baro- meter, with a fixed and steady state of the ‘wind, indicate permanency with the change. The barometer standing at or above Farr, denotes generally fair weather, although the atmosphere wear at the time an unfavourable aspect. Lastly, the greater coincidence there is of the ¢ircumistances enumerated in the rules above mentioned, the stronger may our con- fidence be in the expectation of fair weather, and in the continuance of it when present, ‘by the barometer whilst high, remaining sta- tionary, or varying but little, and the state of the atmosphere, and direction of the wind, disposed to be settled. Population of the late French Islands of Guadaloupe ..seceeeeees 110,000 Martinique SAR: AS 86,000 Bourbon to ecereseoses 68,000 The present population of Mexico is estimated at. 135 to 140,000 individuals, and consists of 2,500 white Europeans ; 65,000 white Creoles ; 33,000 indizenous {copper-coloured); 26,500 Mestizoes, mixture of whites and Indians; 10,000 Mulattoes: 137,000 inhabitants. In ‘twenty-three male convents, which the ‘apital contains, there are nearly 1200 individuals, of whom 580 are priests and ehoristers. In the fifteen female con- vents there are 2100 individuals, of whum nearly 900 are professed religieuses. The following is the present state ei the colony in New South Wales. iv Literary and Philosophical Intelligence. ‘duce of about fifteen pounds of beans [Feb, 1, Belonging to the crown, 100 acres in wheat.—Belonging to oflicers, 326% acres of wheat, 178 acres of maize, 221 acres of barley, 13 acres of oats, 13 acres of pease and beans, 194 acres of potatoes, 65 acres of orchard, and 6 acres of flax and hemp.—Belonging to settlers, 64604 acres of wheat, 32111 acres of maize, 512 acres of barley, 79% acres of oats, 983 acres of pease and beans, 2813 acres of potatoes, 13 acres of turnips, 481% acres of garden and orchard, and 284 acres of flax, hemp, and hops. Total, 6882 acres of wheat, 35191 acres of maize, 5344 acres of barley, 924 acres of oats, 1004 acres of pease and beans, 301 acres of potatoes, 13 acres of turnips, 5461 acres of orchard and garden, 34% acres of flax, hemp, and hops. The following is an accurate account of the live stock: belonging to the crown, 2&8 male horses, 19 female ditto; 21 bulls, 1791 cows; 1800 oxen; 395 male sheep, and 604 female ditto.—Belonging t offi- cers, 84 male horses, 146 female ditto; 38 bulls, 1131 cows; 696 oxen; 263& male sheep, 5298 fernale ditto; 40 male goats, 75 feinale ditto; 486 male pigs, and 537 female ditto. —Belonging to set- tlers, 258 male horses, $29 female ditto} 40 bulls, 1906 cows; 1172 oxen; 7440 male sheep, 15,827 female ditto; 799 male goats, 1670 female ditto; 769% male pigs, and 7435 female ditto.—Be- longing to persons not holding land, 44 male horses, 35 female ditto ; 19 bulls, 807 cows; 103 oxen; 325 male sheep, 1222 female ditto ; 97 male goats, 296 — female ditto; {641 male pigs, and 1576 female ditto, Total of stock, 411 male horses, 529 female ditto; 118 bulls, 5115 cows; $771 oxen; 10,807 male sheep, 22,451 female ditto; 956 male goats, 2039 female ditto; 9820 male Pigs, and 9548 female ditto. FRANCE. A manufacturer in the department of the Seine and Marne, has succeeded in growing coffee in Frances © He sowed sone Mocha coffee, and obtained a pro- possessing the proper flavour and form. Me neither employed a green-house nor glass frames, nor any unusual shelter, but simply prepared the soil with care. On the 19th of September, betwen the hours of five and six in the ever#*'> a luminous meteor appeared to the séuth, and about the distance of a quarter ofa league from the small confune of Bre- zeav; persons who attentively examined jt) assert that it was nearly a quarter of . _was smoke. 1811.]; an hour in collecting, floating over the place where it was first seen, and that when all its parts had united, it appeared all at once as « very considerable globe of fire, taking a northerly diréction; it Spread terror amongst the inhabitants of + village, who believed the houses would be burnt, and they themselves pe- rish.. This globe was accompanied by a frightful noise, which was heard at the distance of more than a league and a half, and sometimes resembled the rolling of arapid chariot; at others, the noise of train very violently driven by the wind. It was followed by a very thick fog, and carried up from the ground every thing it met inits passage. In crossing a river it absorbed water, which soon afterwards fellin rain, It wandered for some time near the village. It was accompanied and followed by abundant rain, much lightning, and loud claps of thunder. “anes in the same direction, it sud- denly turned into a column of fire, which, with the fog, rose towards the heavens, This made many persons believe the fog It remained abouta quarter of an hour in this state, a quarter of a league to the north of the village, and at » ashort distance from the forest of Beau- wy lieu. This column now sunk a little, and at last it suddenly disappeared, leaving a oe fog which had no smell, It lasted three quarters of an hour, SPAIN. The Cortes in their sitting of the 79th November, decreed the erection of a superb national monument in bonour of his Britannic Majesiy George III. ; GERMANY. - The number of German works which appeared at the fairof Leipsic, amounted to between 1,000 and 1,1000, which, for _ the most part, were either compilations Or insignificant books. NORWAY. Tn Norway horse-flesh now forms a common article of food. Since the vear 1808, there have been killed at Christiana 400 horses for the consumption of that town. / RUSSIA. Since Buonaparte has lost the oppor- “tunity of sending those who were dis- agreeable to him to Cayenne, he has ob- tained permission of Alexander to for- ~ ward them to Siberia; and it is afirmed »» that in the course of fifteen months, more thau sixty French refurmers have been gent towards Kamtschatka. AMERICA. ~ On Tuesday, the 30th of January last, Literary and Philosophical Intelligence. 59 y. at two o’clock P.M. there was a fall of meq teoric stones in Caswell county, NéwCon- necticut. Their descent was seen for a cons siderable distance round, and two reports ‘distinctly heard at Hillsborough, a distance of thirty miles. A fragment weighing a pound and three quarters struck a tree in the new ground ofa Mr. Taylor,near where some woodcutters were at~ work, who, apprehending the fate of Sodom and Gos morrah, ran home witbout once looking behindthem. Encouraged, however, by a woman, whose curiosity was superior to her fears, they returied with her to the place, and brought away the stone, which wasstillhot. Itisof adark browa colour, porous, and contains irom The rivers and lakes of the lower pros vinces of Venezuela and Cara¢cas are full of the electrical eels, called Tremblados by the Spaniards, and Anguilles Trem4 blantes by ‘the French colonists of Guts ana. They are also found in the smaller lakes which are scattered at intervals in the vast plains that lie between the rivers Oronoco and Apura. The ancient road which led near Urittica +has been aban+ doned, on account of the dangers run by those who crossed the waters, in which the mules were suddenly struck with an invisible commotion, rendered paralytic, and often drowned. Very often the fisherman received an electric shock, the conductor of which was his line. The electrical eel is six feet long. “The In- dians have so great a dread of this crea~ ture, and such repugnance to approach it while living, that M. de Humboldt had the utmost difficulty to obtain subjects for his experiments. He waited several days for this purpose in the little town of Calabozo, having Jearned that here they abounded. The owner of tle house where he lodged exerted himself to pro- cure some, but in vain. At length he resolved to repair to the spot where these eels were met with. Here occurred 4 spectacle of the newest description and most extraordinary kind. About thirty mules and horses had been quickly driven together from the beighbouring savan« nahs, where they live almost in a wild state, and are so numerous that the pricé of any one is but seven’ shillings, when the proprietor can be ascertained... The ‘Indians, by driving them on all sides, ferced them to seek refuge in thé water, where they kept them by presenting har~ poans fixed at the end of long canes, and y violent shoutings. The electrical éels, roused by this tumult, rose to the surface of the water, and swimining wn ‘ h ~ 60 like so many livid serpents, pursued the Juckless quadrupeds, and gliding under their bellies, communicated the most violent and rapid shocks, The terrified horses, suffering agonies, raising their manes, and flashing fire from their strain- ing eye-balls, rolling in pain, in vain en- deavoured to escape. In less than five minutes two of them sunk under the water, and were drowned. Victory seemed now to declare for the gymnoti. But their activity began to diminish ; fa- tigued by the repeated exertions of their pervous energy, they less frequently dis- charged their electric fluid. The horses which had survived the early attacks, gradually recovered their strength, and at the end of an hour the gymnoti retired from the combat in such a state of lan- guor and exhaustion, that they were without difficulty drawn to the shore by cords having hooks at their ends. . EAST INDIES. The Pagoda of Chillembrun is among the most considerable establishments of jtskind. The tank is about 600 fathoms square. The hall of the thousand columns Patents lately Enrolled. [Feb: t, really contains 3 thousand columns, dise persed in rows twelve feet distant from each other. ‘The tallest are 24 feet high; theshortest 15 feet. Alate French traveller took the pains to measure this hall correctly: he says it is 70% fathoms in length; and 35 fathoms in breadth. The number of persons in the service of this pagoda, is enumerated, by that tra- veiler, to be, Brahmins for the religious ceremonies 5,000; Pandarons, to dress the altars, 300; dancing girls 100; mue sicians and writers 40: 5,440. The po- pulation of Chillembrun, to the amount ef 30,000, is wholly in the employment of the Brahmins or the pilgrims which res sort to the temple. Wrst INDIES, A dreadful hurricane visited the island of St. Domingo, or Haiti, and the island of Cuba, which lasted from the 23d to the 26th of September. In the Havan. nah alone 70 vessels were wrecked. The city of St. Jago de Cuba, was en- tirely destroyed by an earthquake, in the month of October last. PATENTS LATELY ENROLLED. — a MR. WILLIAM CLERK’S, (FDINBURGH,) for a newly-constructed Grate for preventing Smoke, and regulaling Heat. HiS invention consists chiefly in surrounding the open part of the fire-place with a glass screen. When the grate stands against a wall, it is re- commended, that before the part that looks ta the room, and at the distance of abont nine inches from the fire, there should be-a frame of iron-work made to hold small squares of glass, which is completely to enclose the opening of the fire-place. The bars of) iron are not to be set farther than about three inches, to prevent the heat of the fire trom crack- ing the glass. This frame-work is to be moveable on hinges, not for the supply of air, for that is to be conveyed by means of a pipe from the apartment in which the fire is, or from any other, as may be most convenient and agreeable. The back and sides of the upper part of the grate, are to be lined with plates of jron, so completely as to leave only-a small-opebing for a pipe, or funnel, to carry off the smoke fros the fire, and to give a free circulation to the air. Th advantages of this invention are, accords ing to the patentee, that no smoke or dust can be introduced into the room ; and that the heat and pleastre arising from an open fire, will nevertheless be experienced. And it is said, the tem- perature of the room will be rendered more equable by this mode of heating, than by any other yet in use. Observations—In this, as in many other inventions, we fear that the prac tice will not correspond with the theory ; a great part of the heat will unquestion- ably be lost in its. progress through the screen, the glass itself will stop much ; the iron-bar work, which admits of open- ings only three inches square, will stop much more. Another material incon- venience will be found in the small funnel leading from the fire to the chimney, it must be perpetually filling with soot, and of course must every two or three days, be taken down to be cleansed. We shall, however, be glad to see the scheme reduced to practice, and we have been informed. that the trial is to be made in one or both houses of parliament. MRe 1811.) WR. DAVID MEADE RANDOLPH's, (Got- - pen saquart,) for a@ Method of Manu- facturing all kinds of Boots, Shoes, §c. ‘by means of a Substitute for Thread made of Hemp, Flax, or other Yarns. This substitute is applicable only to the soles and heels of boots and shoes, as all the other part of the work is per- formed in the usual way. The last used for this purpose is thus described: the common shaped wooden one, when ad- justed, is to be sheathed or covered at the lower part or bottom with a plate of iron, or other metal of about the thick- ness of a stout leathern sole: in this state it is secured and fastened. The sub- stitute here alluded to, is little nails, brads, sprigs, &c. formed or made of copper, iron, steel, or other proper me- tals, of such lengths as will allow them to reach and perforate the inner sole, with which the metal is in close cantact ; and when having been driven, they must, from the resistance, be clenched or ri- yetted through the leather, and serve in- stead of sewing, now in use, This in- vention in its application, is not confined to the edge or margin of the sole; but may be performed at any intermediate space where strength and durability are required, as appears from the nature of the /ast; the only difference of which from the common one, and the additi- nal sole described, being in form and shape precisely alike, is, that in this sole there are three round holes of nearly an inch in diameter, which perforate it, and are placed equidistant from one ano- ther, viz. in the centre of the last, one near the toe, another about half way be- tween the toe and the heel. These holes are to be filled up with wooden plugs, and are made for the purpose of fastening to them the shoe or boot, while making ; because, without this contrivance, it would be impossible to secure or nail the lJeather to the last, in order to make the boot or shoe; but when thus adjust- ed, there is no farther difficulty. Mr. Randolph applies, as a substitute for thread made of hemp, flax, dc. in the fabrication of traces, or other articles, to which the same may be usefully ap- plied; and in lieu of stitching or sewing, wires nade of iron, brass, or copper, or wires made of anv other fit metal. These wires he uses lengthways, by stretching them tlie whole length of the brace, &c.; aod they are fastened at each end round small wetal cyliuders, iuclosed between wi.’ 4 Patents lately Enrolled, 61 the plates of leather, connected by means of the first-mentioned substitute, i MR. JOHN KENT’s, (SOUTHAMPTON,) for a new Method of Moving all Kinds of Goods, or Materials, to High Buildings, or from Deep Places. The invention described in the speci- fication now before us, is said to be an improvement on the principle of a lever, on a moving fulcrum, whereby power is gained without loss of time. The draw- ings attached to the specification shew its principle and mode of operation in the simple, and also in the compound state: the first two figures represent a weight to be raised, which is supposed to weigh four hundred weight; to be suspended by a rope, or chain, passing over a pulley, and fastened at one end to the weight, and at the other to the centre of the wheel, which wheel is sup. posed in itself, or by a weight attached, to be heavier than the weight to be raised. The patentee, we apprehend, supposes the diameter of the wheel to which the power is applied, to be twice the length of the axle round which the rope attached to the weight is to be coiled, though it is not well expressed ; and in that case, the ‘power of one-half the weight, or of 2cwt, will undoubtedly balance the weight of 4cwt.; but the wheel is also moved along an horizontal plane at the same time, so that the weight must be raised as much as the wheel moves on the surface of the ho- rizontal line, or plane, which supports it. We refer the reader to the specification itself for an illustration of the invention, as applied to the compound engine. ‘It may be used in direct rotative, pendu- lum, crank, or any other kind of mo- tions; and may be worked either by ani- mal strength, by water, by wind, by steam, or any other kind of agent that may be best adapted to the place or purpose required: it is also applicable to mills and pumps, to the moving care Tiages on iron-railways, and \to various other kinds of machinery. : pape MR.WINDSOR’S,(PALL-MALL, LONDON), for Tnprovement upon his former Patent Oven Stove, for carbenizing all Kinds of raw Fuel, and for extracting the Oil, Acid, Tur, Gas, &e. The reader will at once understand that this patentinvention is to be applied to the lghting of streets, &c. with the £38, 62 gas collected from coal, or other mate- rials, of which we have heard so niuch of ° Tate years. The gas-light apparatus con- gists of two principal parts; the one serves to carbonize coals, and extract the smoke ‘by heat, and the other to ccol, decom- pose, and refine, smoke, Both vessels youst be made air-tight, to obtain a per- fect analysis of coal, or other fuel and combustibles, In comparing his own ine vention with other apparatus now in use, Mr. Windsor. says, his is entirely new in its consttuction and application, for it operates diametrically contrary. to all known chemical apparatus hitherto in use. Speaking of these, he observes, that they are on a principle of an enlarged charcoal furnace, connected with gasome- ters; the ovens contain iron retorts, full of wood or coal in the centre. A fire of “taw coal is made to play around them, by which contrivance half the heat is necessarily lost. in the 'brick-work, from the natural expansion and rarefaction of caloric always. flying from the centre ; whereas his own fires and flues are al- Ways contrived in the midst of the raw fuel tobecarbonized. Their gasometers con- tain large reservoirs, where the gas is suf- fered to accumulate to one thousand feet in bulk, which, besides the danger aris- ing from the accumulation, prevents it from being thoroughly decomposed and refined in such masses, whereas, in Mr, Windsor’s, coudensors, the gas is infi- _ nitely subdivided into small particles, that all its tar, oil, bitumen, and ammo- miacal liquor, must» be extracted and precipitated, before the gas.is used in combustion. ; According to Mr. Windsom’s plan, house or chamber-stoves may be con- structed of iron or. other metal, of earthen or stone-ware, made fire~proof, of pipe-clay, or any other fire-proof com- position. Their form in general, is that of German. draft-stoves, though they may. be made of any other shape: and the cylinder, which separates the fire from the coal inside, may be likewise made of any shape, provided its bulk does not occupy more than from one-third to a half of the area within the stove, so that the heat may be more equally distributed among the surrounding coal or fuel. He places his fires in the centre of the ves- sels charged with raw fuel, and employs Patents lately Envolled. the refuse cokeand coal, to burn in those cylinders, surrounded by~the raw fuel ; hence the fire and heat generated in the centre, expand in all. directions, but chiefly. side-ways and upwards, and a much greater quantity of caloric is thus generated by means of a good draft, and 1s so distributed as to cause a speedier and more perfect carbonization. By this mode, the. fires never come in contact with the fuel to be cooked and deeompo- sed, and one-third of a bushel of refase coke may generate sufficient caloric to carbonize a whole bushel of coal; so-as to produce a bushel and half ofgood coke again from five to six pounds of oil-tar ; from seven to eight pounds of strong’ ammoniacal liquor; and from two bundred - and twenty to two*hundred and fifty cubic feet of pure gas. The cylin- ders or cones, containing the fires, may be so constructed as to give a horizontal, perpendicular, oblique, or reverberating direction to the fire, in its passage through the raw fuel or other combustibles, to be analysed: the heat or flame may be led upwards or downwards, and in all possible directions, through the fuel, for the longer the fire-draft is detained in its passage, and. the greater the circuit it makes through the fuel, the sooner and the better will be the process of carbo- nization, as well as the quality of pro. ducts. precipitated in the condensors, The gas collected is made to pass through lime-water, or cream of lime, and whick attracts the offensive particles from it, and renders it pure, and fit for use, Such is a rough outline of Mr. Windsor’s new method; and he observes, that the principle of placing a fire in the centre, may be applied to heat, or boil, distil, or © evaporate water or other fluids, in wooden casks, much sooner than can be done in the common mode of applying the heat under and around kettles, coppers, pots, &e,. And it may he used in airing, drying, baking, stewing, &c. Also in warming rooms and houses, by conducting a fire- proof tube through the middle of the fire, which tube iste be supplied with fresh air from the outside through a wall or otherwise. By this means a great quan- tity of fresh air may-be speedily rarefied and heated, and .be conducted by other tubes to any part where it is required. ~ REVIEW [ebay F 4 18) ij [6 7 - REVIEW OF NEW MUSICAL PUBLICATIONS, Ee The Singer’s Preceptor, or Corri’s Treatise on Vocal Music. In Two Volumes, each 15s. PXHIS treatise, Mr. Corri tells us in his title-page, is “the result of fiity years’ experience.” After a sedu- Jous investivation of its contents, we find much to sanction the assertion, and little that does not reflect ample @redit on the author’s professional agsi- duity, practical remark, and cultivated taste. < . » The first volume treats of the nature, origin, and progress, of ‘Vocal Music, succeeded by observations on the ob. stacles to the perfect attainment of the art of singing. The second consists of ‘a collection of English, Scotch, and Ita. lian songs, duetts, and trios; embellished with graces and cadenzas, exemplifying the antecedent rules. _ To enter into all the minutie of this elaborate treatise, would carry us be- yond the bounds we usually prescribe to ourselves in this department of our miscellany; but the most prominent features of the work will not escape eur Notice. ‘ ’ * Mr. Corri, after presenting the public with memoirs of his ‘professional life, in which we cannot profess to find in- cidents so highly interesting “as to coun- tenance its: introduction ina publication with which it has no necessary conrec- ‘tion (since a professor’s didactic lucubra- tions, and the incidental ‘progress. of his practice, are two distinct abjects,) pro- ceeds to the purpose of his treatise, in a dialogue between a master and his pu- “pil. We here find, amidst a conside- fine. number of remarks, many that we highly useful, and some’ that, we believe, have never before been laid before the public. The observations yespecting the susceptibilities of voices ‘of the most common natural powers,’ are as just as encouraging. Wiat is ‘said concerning a good quality of tone, ‘its superiority over a mere volume of ‘sound, and the means of attaining that “quality, as well as what is observed re- specting the importance of the crescendo and diminuendo, are truly valuable. The stress laid on the necessity of at- tending not ouly to the sense but the very formations of the words of a song, especially their terminations, cannot be » tions; too much attended to; and the rea marks on the various yraces, and the readiest mode of acquiring them, every reflecting student will know how to aps preciate. The “ portamento di toce—intona- tempo rubato—quickening aud retarding the time;—and the hints to “parents;” are all highly worthy of at. tention, and evince considerable depth, and an acute justness, of thinking. The numefous rules are laid down in a judicious and luminous order, and the practical examples, and progressive ex- ercises, are well selected. Viewing the work en masse, we certainly feel our- selves in no danger of being contradicted by ‘the candid and judicious, when we pronounce Mr. Corri’s vocal treatise, the, best that has hitherto appeared in this country, A-grand Sonata for the Piano-forte, with an Accompaniment for the» Violin (obligate. ) Composed and dedicated to G. Sinclair, esq, Uy 1, Jay, Mus, Due. Oxon. 5s. This Sonata is comprised in three movements: the first is an adagio, in common time of four crotchets; the se= ‘cond an allegro, in coinmodn time of two crotcliets; and the third a rondo, in trie ple tine of three quavers. Mr. Jay’s compositions have often afforded ‘us pleasure in, their perusal; but we have never, perhaps, had so much reasor to be pleased as in the present instance.’ An ‘obvious improvement in style and manacr pervades the work before us; the pas- sages are well conteived, and ‘closely connected, and the accompaniment is , conducted with much real mustery. 7 Three favourite Parisian Airs for the Piano-forte, with Variations and ‘Imiluiions. By de Ly Dussek, esq. 33. Od. ahias ds The first of these admirable pieces is UAir de Trombour, with eight variations; the second Air del Dotter, with seven variations; and the third Amuséz. vows Belles, arrangér avec variations et inita- tions. These airs “in. themselves. are highly attractive; but the great merit of the work lies in Mr. Dussek’s florid and masterly supplements, His vari- ations and imitations are every way worthy .his Well-known eniinence as a piano-forte, 64 piano-forte, and will be highly acceptable to advanced practitioners. ‘ # The Waygbies ;’’ an old English Melody,'arran- ged as a Rondo for the Piano-forte, by H. W. Dean. 35- With: the introductory movement to this Rondo we cannot profess ourselves to be pleased, because we cannot pre- tend to understand how the author would have us pleased, or feel convinced that he himself understands himself; or, to spenk in common language, knows what he would be at: affected evolu- tions of harmony always have this effect on our ear. The Rondo itself is plea- sing, in its subject, and judicious in its digressions, and will not fail to please the generality of its hearers. Evening Sociable Recreations, (No. 1.) being a collection of New Country Dances, Quadrilles, Walizes, and Polonoises, axpressly compoved for the Piano-foric. By Dussek, Jadin, and Charsentier, wiih new Figures by Coulon, Branchu, and La Haye, Ballet Master in Paris. 25. 6d. This work, the Numbers-of which are to appear monthly, makes a promising beginning. The present pages are occu~ pied by matter at once pleasing: and improving; and the publication, we doubt not, will form a useful collection of exercises for the juvenile practi- tioner. La Delizire delle Dame Filarmouiche, ( No. 1V.) a Divertimento for the Harp, wilh a Violin Accompaniment, (ad libitum.) Composed by Madame Zoeda La Rué. 35. 6d. The present Number of this’ work» (the [Vth) keeps pace with the former three, in the points of taste, fancy, and harmonious construction, and has unde= niable claims to our commendations. We are glad to find that the public en- couragement of this pleasing and useful undertaking, is such as to induce ats continuance. &¢ The Spectre Knight ;’? a Glee for Three Voices. Composed and dedicated to the Hons Miss Eden, by W. Hawes. : The combinations and general con- struction of this Glee, bespeak much of the real master; while the flow and easy -minglings of the parts, evince much nae tural gaste and ingenuity, The effect, Review of New Musical Publications. [Feb. 1; consequently, taken in the aggregate, in much above mediocrity. t The favourite Air of * Ab vous di rai Maman," with Twelve Variations for the Harp. Com= posed and dedicated to Miss Satis, by Count de Pierre de Newbourg. 25. 6d. The variations the Count St, Pierre has superadded to this popular air, though not of the first description of excellence, are far above mediocrity, and do much credit to his taste and fans cy. They evince a thorough knowledge of the instrament for which they are written; amd are progressive and im proving. “© He Loves and rides away ;*’ a favourite Ballad, sung by Mrs. Liston, at the Theatre-royal Covent-garden. Composed and arranged witl an Accompaniment for the Piano-forte, by C. Ex Horn, 18. This ballad is obviously meant as a trifle ; and a trifle it is, in every sense of the word. Neither the words, the me- lody, nor the accompaniment, can boast of any feature of excellence, and scarce» ly in their own confined limits, reach mediocrity. «© Auroras”? a Rondo for the Piano-forte. Come osed and dedi "Obs i Sg ton] deta Countess d’Olmene, by This Rondo may be ranked with the best productions of its kind of the pre- sentday. The introductory movement is simple and concise, and the rqndo is not only agreeable in its subject, Lut is treated throughout with fancy and judg- ment, and bespeaks high qualifications for this species of composition, *€ Bonny Doon;” a Ballad. Composed and a dicated to Miss Dance, by T. High. a 6d. “Bonny Doon,” the words of which are from Burns, is set with considerable taste and feeling, The air is easy and natural, and the expressionjust aud forcible. “© Will, bapless-Tears ;” a frrourite Song, sung by Mr. Incledon. Cymposed by 4, Maxzinght, esq. 25. 6d. “ Will, hapless Tears,” is-a ballad of considerable merit. ‘The melody is as pleasing as simple and appropriate, and forms an affecting comment on the sens timent ef the words, , MONTHLY | and excellence as this lamented man. [ 65] MONTHLY RETROSPECT or ruv FINE ARTS. The Use of all New Prints, Communications of Articles of Intelligence, &c. are requested under COVER to the Care of the Publisher. 4 Description of the Collection of Ancient Terra Cottas in the British Museum 3 with Engravings.- London, printed by W. Bulmer and Co. Clevelund-Row. Published, June 1810, by the Trustees of the British Museum. HE present publication may justly be considered as one of peculiar, consequence, inasmuch as itisa kind of earnest of something which the govern- ment intends to do, towards advancing the important study of the fine arts, and classical archaiology. To the vast -col- lection of subjects on natural history, mineralogy, and curiosities of nature and art, which were inthe British Museum, the nation has added a department of antiquities, selected from the collections of Sir William Hamilton and Ckarles Towneley, Esq.; some presents from his Majesty; and a few from some noblemen and gentlemen. The volume row under consideration isa graphic and literary illustration, de- scription, or catalogue of the first room of the department of antiquities, which is entirely devoted to the terra cottas, and is to be considered as_authority, in coming from, and being published. by, the trustees of the Museum. The gentle- men selected for this’ purpose by the trustees, are Taylor Coombe, Fsq. edi- ter, William Alexander, Esq. draughts- man, and various engravers. The first two plates give elevations of the north and south sides of the first room, and shew the exact situation of each subject, similar to the well-known beautifal work on the Dusseldorff gallery of paintings; and the succeeding ones, _the separate subjects: on a larger scale. The whole of these subjects are drawn by Mr, Alexander, in'astyle of fidelity and taste that will reflect additional ho- hour to his already acquired fame as an artist. This isno vague praise, but is the Tesult of along and accurate comparison and acquaintance with the originals. The engravings have various degrees of merit: One particularly (No. 21, pl. 13) by L. Schiavonetti, is in a superior style of ex- cellence both of drawing and execution, Few engravers drew with such precision In his earliest studies hé arrived at such per- fection in drawing, as to obtain thé sil- ver medal, for distinguished merf, in drawing after the antique, from the Royal Academy. There are two or three other prints from his graver, which con- Monvuty Mac. No. 209. tribute to enhance the value of the book, as they are among his latest and best works, Of a different class are 26, 27, 28, and 29, by Skelton, particularly the first two; they are hard, coarse, ani unmeeningly black. The Victoty sacrificing a Bull (No. 26) need only be compared with one from the same subject (No. 24) by Anker Smith, to prove the fact. The co- lour and style of the two drawings were doubtlessly alike. Some of the statues by Skelton deserve praise: the enlarged subject appear to suit the vigorous coarse- ness of his stroke, better than the smaller ones. The rest of the engravers are C. Heath, Fittler, Bromley, G. Cooke, Car- don, and Worthington, and display much care and ability. [ In a national work of this kind, the Editor ought to have gone deeper, and more fully, into Archaiology than he has in this, although what he has done, is welldone. it is not sufficient that the rich man has bis Monfaucgon and Caylus, his D’Harcanville and Gemme. Antiche, to refer to, to assist this catalogue; they should have been quoted here. A few sheets more would not have added much to the expence; and had he been less sparing in his quotations, the yolume would haye been more valuable, and have saved the reader (even if be had them) the trouble of perpetual recurrence to Winckellman, D’Harcanyille, Musée Napoleon, Monfaucgon, Caylus, and other expensive and voluminous works, This would have made it not only a good de- striptive eatalogue, but a compendium of archaiology at once authoritative and useful. A writer in this Magazine, under the title of the Dilletanti Tourist, which has been lately discontinued, has givena de- scription of these terra cottas, and many of the statues, that will probably be the subject of future volumes like the present. He has given very satisfactory, though short remarks, on basso rilievos and terra cottas. Mr. Combe uses the words bas relief, although he is. classical enough to spell Aeschylus without the dipthong. If we have no word in the English language sufficiently expressive or naturalized, for low or flat relief, why not borrow the . “ge alll primitive Words asso rilieyo from the [talian: which is not only more eupho- nous but more honest, than to beg it through the medium of the French Lan- i guage; 66 guage; which ia comparatively harsh, barbarous, and dissonant. It is, in fact, as generally pfonounced bas with the Frenchaccent, and relief with the English, at the best a hybrid word offensive to the correct ear. The work is a very useful and elegant illustration of oursplendid museum of an- tiquities, and makes a continuation of the marbles, from the same source, desi- rable. And when peace shalj unhar the gates that close the civilized world, this work will be received in the world of art, all over Europe, as an earnest of British talent and wealth in valuable antiqui- ties, x To the learned editor, to the different artists, and to the trustees, the greatest praise is due, for the exeellence, ele- gance, and liberal price at which the work is given to the world: it will serve to extend the knowledge and ulility of the collection, wherever a love of the arts, and consequently civilization, has humanized the globe, 4n engraved Portrait. of William Shake- speare, at the Age of Thirty-three, from an Original lately discovered, An authentic portrait of our great dra- matic bard would certainly be a valuable discovery; as, ofall the great men who have so Jately left this mortal state, Shak- speare’s similitude is one of the most doubtful. To give a value to this pre- tended original, some account should have been given of its discovery, and the reasons for asserting it to bethat of Shake- speare. It is at present but doubtful au- thority... The Antiquarian and Topographical Cabi- net. Vol. VIII. This little work still continues on the same scale of comparative excellence as formerly. The powers ef the artists are better adapted to these trifles than larger or more consequential works. INTELLIGENCE. Proposals have been issued for pub- lishing by subscription whole-length por- traits of Sir Francis Burdett and John Horne ‘Tooke, Esq. to be engraved in mezzotinto by J, Ward, A. R. A. froma picture by J. R. Smith, whose excellent soanner of painting small whole-lengths in crayons, have long addéd to his former reptitation as one of the first mezzotinto. engravers in Europe. The dependance of this style of engraving on printing has induced the publisher (Mr. Smith) to pledze himself that uo bad impression sail be delivered, as he will himself superiniend the printing, and keep the plates in perfect repair. The portrait of tiorne Pouke is represented, as reclining @n the couch, and in the dress in which Monthly Retrospect of the Fine Arts. [Feb. 1, he has so long, from his infirmities, been obliged tosee his friends. A review of their merits will come more properly when engraved, but their great excel- lence will ensure them commendation. The size of the prints will be 26 inches by 18; and the price for the first fifty proofs three guineas each, second fifty, two guineas, and the subsequent impres- sions one guinea. Since our last, we have to announce the death of Sir Francis Bourgeois, R. A. a landscape and historial painter of con- siderable talent. He was a pupil of De Loutherbourg, and imitated many of the faults and beauties of his master, He was knighted by the late Noel Desanfans, Esq. consul-general to the late king of Poland. He has left 2 numerous and excellent collection of pictures to the so- ciety of Dulwich College. Early this month will be published the third number of the “* Fine Arts of the English School,” which contains a por- trait of the Marquis of Granby, engraved by W. Bond, from a portrait of Sir Joshua Reynolds, accompanied by a me- moir, Titania, Puck, and the Change- ling, engraved by Scriven froma fine pic- ture by Romney, in the possession of Sir John Leicester; a groupe in sculpture by Flaxman ; anda perspective external view of the church of St. Paul, London, engraved by J. Le Keux from a drawing by James Elmes, architect. Oa the Ist was published, the 23d part of the Architectural Antiquities, By John Britton, I. A,S. containing views and details of that beautiful and singular spe- cimen of architecture Rosslyn Chapel, from drawings by Mr. Elmes, after sketches by Joseph Grandy, A. R. A. In the course of a few weeks will be published, by T. Clay, Ludgate Hill, ‘* A Series of Progressive Lessons, in- tended to elucidate the Art of Painting in Water Colours; price One Guinea half-bound, containing thirty-two pages of letter-press, and professes to contain the plainest instructions in landscape drawing ; treating progressively’ upon sketching, perspective, shading, tinting; &e. which, if well executed; will- bea very useful werk. Its merits will be investigated as soon as published. Mr. Clay has also announced four small sub- jects in landscape, by Laporte, illustrations of Mr. Campbell’s poem of Gertrude of Wyomiug, are in prepara~ tion, from the pencil of Mr. Cooke. The British Institution has rescinded its law, ‘of not receiving pictures that have been exhibited at the Royal» Aca- demy, and are preparing for their annual exhibition, which will open the latter end of February or beginning of April. Among the principal pictures sent for ex- hibitioa a 1811.} hibition are Mr. West’s Bard, Mr, Woodeforde’s Calypso, Mr. Dawe’s An- dromache soliciting Ulysses to spare her Son; and a picture of an American SS State of Public Affairs in January. 67 Black (from the young man exhibited by Mr. Carlisle in his late lectures at the Royal Academy) conquering a buffalo. STATE OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS IN JANUARY. Containing Official Papers and authentic Doeuments. et OEE SWEDEN, HiS kingdom is now placed entire- ly at the devotion of France. Its Ports are shut against British vessels, and men and ships are to be Jent toaid France in her preparations to invade Great Bri- tain. ‘ RUSSIA. No British vessels are now adinitted on any pretence into Russian ports, and ail the merchandize and manufactures of Britain are seized and confiscated with- out mercy or consideration. No ships of any nation, not even Ame- ricans, are admitted into the Russian ports; without any exception whatever they are warned off by the cruizers. Rei. PRUSSIA, __ All the ports of this once potent king- dom are now filled with French sol- diers, who seize and burn every article which can possibly have passed through British hands. Prussia, indeed, is de- scribed as being in a deplorable state, almost disorganized, and no employment for industry. GERMANY. The French emperor, true to his plan of pushing his dominions to the Baltic, has taken possession of the once famous city of Hamburgh, disfranchized and in- - this army, excepting that a detachment of : between two and three thousand cavalry » and infantry had moved into Lower Beis - ra, across the Zezere towards Castello Branco, probably with a view to gain in- telligence, * By accounts from Estremadura, it ap- pears that Generals Mendizabal and, Balla- Jasteros have had some success in their ope- rations against a French division belong- ing to fortier’ s corps, which had been, stationed i in Llevena. They have obliged: this division to retire from Guadalcanal, with some loss. - ‘AMERICA. New York Papers to the 16th ult. have, arrived,andthe mostimportantarticle they contain is a letter from Mr. Smith to Mr. Pinkney, provisionally suspehding the latter as minister plenipotentiary at the» British court, in case a successor of equal rank should not be appointed to the United States in the place of Mr. Jack-- son, WEST INDIES, - A Jamaica Mail has brought accounts from that island to the 25th of November. The differences between the Governorand- the House of Assembly are satisfactorily terminated. :.jginmieee es | cig ALPHABETICAL —— 1812.) | RWB A eicaetadcvty Acpwaneticat.. List of Banxrurreres. and Divipenns, announced between the 20th Gazettes. of December and the 20th of January, extracted from the London 2 BANKRUPTCIES, [This Month 200.] {The Solicitors’ Names are between Parentheses.) BBEY P. lateof Wortley, York, but now 2 prifoner ip A PE pot well goal, clothes (wilfon, Greville &rect, Hatton Garden, and Coupland, Leeds 5 1 bhort D. Powis places Great'Ormend ftreet, infurance* broker. (Baxters and Martin, Furnival’s inn ' Acton’ R. Manchefter. cornfa@or.- (Cooper and Lowe, Southampton buildings, and jepfou, Manchetter Archer G.H. eeo ftreet, Cheapfide, warehoufeman, . Griffith’ Peatheriione buildings my Afhford M. Birmisgnam, piater. (Eeerton. Grays ing — fquare, and Spurrier and Ingleby, Birmingham Awmead T. and W. Furlong, Briftul, haberdathers, (Sheppard and Adlington, Bedford row, and Sheppard, Bath Afpinal B. Cheapfide, manufacturer. . Chippendall, and Denifon, Mancheiter Badger Js old Jewry, merchant. (Adams, Old Jewry Baillie R. Liverpoo!, merchants (Crump and Lodge, ©. Liverpool and Battye, Chancery lane - \ Barker J. Liverpool, fugar refiners (#Haffall, Liverpool, and Atkinfon, Wildes, and Meckarall, Chancery lane Barrowclough S. North Bierley. York, fhopkeeper. (Mors ton, Gray’s inn fquare, aud Smith, Hajifax Bartlett W. Plymouth Dock, mafon. ,Qvilliams, and Darke, Prince’s ftreet, Bedford row, and Boifon, Plymouth Dock Benjamin J. Rochford, Effex, thopkeeper. and Davis, Corbet court, Gracechurch ftrcet a Bentley T. and E. A. Whytt, Fenchurch ftreet, dryfaiters. _ (Wiltfhire, Roiton, and Wett, Old Broad treet Berchas J» Brindle, Cancafter, cotton manufacturers ~ (@lskélock and Makinfon, Temple, and Pilkington’s, pevBrekoy - \ Bidweu HR. Whitechapel. linen draper. | lotte treet. Bedford fquare Bigeers J. Gracechurch ftreet, jeweller. ___ Charrerhoufe fyuare Billinge T- jun- Liverpool, bookfeller. (BlackRock, x epempley ane Pritt, Liverpool Billington R. Cobridge, Stafiord, potter. (Barber, Fet- . ter lane, and Fenton, Newcattle under Lyme ae Bifs J. Erivol, woollen draper. (James, Gray’s inn — fquare, and Bigg, Briftol Blow J- Ware, Herts. malt factor, ~ Mincing lane } "Bodle GS. Aifrifion, Suffex, grocer. (Cooper, Lewes, and Palmer, Doughty ftreec re te Bolton G. and J: Witney, Oxford, victuallers. (Shore- ‘dand, Iuner Temple lane Boote C. and J. Walker, Chefter, hat manufacturers, . (BlockRock; Yemple, and Humphries, Chetter - Bowcher J. aud W. Wooa, Exeter, wine merchants, — (Brutton, New Millman ffreet, Brunfwick fyuare, “atid Brutton, Exeter Brincelow T. Afhton-within. Mackerfield, Lancafer. Baron and Ditchfield, Wigan (Duckworth, (Reardon (Langley, Chars (Robinfon, (Noy and Fope, Brown C.: Union treet, Lithopfgate treet, baker. (Clad, Holborn court. Gray’s inn . — Brown W. Sackville fireet. Piccadilly, lacemian, (Rich- ardfon, Fither, and Lake, Bury treet, St. James's Burfure £. Patriot row, Bethnal green. merchant. (Lang, America fyuare “ é : % j- and ). Stevens. Garlick hill, wine merchantse (Whitton, Great James frreet, Bedford row , Campbell E.southwark, milliner, (Brace, Symond’s inn Carr W. Hythe, Kent, draper. (Hindman, Dyér’s court, Aldermanbory * Carter J. York ftreet, Southwark, wine and brandy meg- chant, (Turner, Kirby ftreet, Hatton Garden @arter O. Camomile freer, Lithopfeate, merchant, __ (Palmer, Tomlinfons, and Thomfon, Copthall court @hatheld G. and C. Earle, Weltbourne, Suflex, feil- mongers. (Meffune. Portfea. Chatterton C. Newark-upon-Trent, linéndraper, (Ruf- fell, Southwark @hidley T- Blackmore ftreet, Clare-market, cheef@munger. _ — {¥arnther and Son, Lungon treet, Fenchurch ftreet »: Mhild J. Neath, Glambdfgan, flour factor. (Bleafdale, 1 Alexander and Holme, New inn, and Berrington and Jenkins, swanfea — Clar J: Shoe lancs builder. [Thomas, Feu court, Fen- church treet 4 . _ @lemfon J. Manchefter, dealer. (Willis, Fairthorne ¢ d Clarke, Warnford courr, and Heslop, Manchetter eolier &. Ingersicy, Chethire, cotton fpinner. (Edge, Manchefter, and Edge, foner Temple 63 KR. Priuce’s {quare, Middleiéx, cabisét maker, oes, jun. Lord Mayur’s court office, Royai 2 be Goltyer 8. Zoar ttreet, Southwark, iron founder. (Cor- NB: > Gray’e inn Je Hog fworth, Devon. thopkeeper. (Pitches and Sampfun, St. Swithin’ slane , ouch W. Axminter, Nevon. builder. inn, and Gould, Honiton W, Birmingtan:, grocer. (DruceyBiliiter (quare, Montury Mac, No. 209. (Warry, ‘New Cranmer W. Carlisle, hat manufaéturers (Mounfeys Staple inn, and Norman, Carlisle | Crocker R. Calne, Wilts. thopkeeper, (Blandford, Temple, and Ru{s, Cale Cary, Somerfet Crompton H, Cyman, Flint, paper manufacturer, (Ate kinYon, Wildes, and Mackaralty Chancery Janey aud Haffull. Liverpool Cuff W. Minories, cheefemonger,. (Dodd, Billiter Jane Cummerow C, Billiter fijuare, merchant. © (Dennett's and Greaves, King’s Arms yard, Coleman treet Davies J. .Chefier, grocer... (Tarrant, Chancery laneg aod Jones, Chefter ' Davis T+ Prince’s row, Kennington Crofs, tea deaiere (Steventon, Checquer court, Charing Cross Dawfon J. Chefter corn dealer... (Dicas, Chefer, and tiuxley, femple a Deakin Rs and W, Barker, Manchefter, cotton fpinnersa (Willis, Fairthone, and Clarke, Waroford court,’ and Hesiop, Mancheger ‘ Dirks H. St. Catherine’s {quare, Myddlefex, thopkeepere (Pitches and Sampfon st. Swithin’s lane Downes G. Eccles, Lancafters. callenderer. (Teales Ricgeheld. Manchefter m Dowfon N. St, Anne's lane, Fofter Jane, warghoufemams , “ (Huxley, Temple Drummond W. Newcaftle upon Tyne, grocers (Reedy Newcaftle, and Wilfon, Gray’s inn fyuare Duckham J. and R. Lankefter, Bread ttreet, Cheapfidey warehoufemen, (Wilde, Warwick fquare Dunn J. Turnmill fireet, Clerkenwell. Tatham, Crae ven treet, ; Elkington J. Birmingham, tortoife thell and ivory box and cafe maker. (Devon and Tooke, Gray’s inn fyuarey and Burrifh. Firmingham Evans E. Merthyr Tidvil, Glamorgan. and Gregory, Clement’sinn. Eve H. H. Bath, paftry cook. (Lewis, Cardiff, (Highmore, Bufh lane, Cannon ftreet, and Wingate, Bath Fletcher J. Little Lever, Lancafter, cotton manufacturere (Boardman, Bolton, and Meddowcroft, Gray’s inn Freeman W. Lamb’s Conduit ftreet, upholfterer.. (Lucke ett, Wilfon ftreet, Finsbury fyuare : Goffen A. otherwife Geffin Mingay, Kington, Surry, irone monger. (Pearfon, Temple Gooch W. Bow-common lane, Mile End Old Town, bricks layer, (Rutfon, Wellclofe fyuare Grant C. Cufhion court, Broad ftreety merchant. (Grege fon and Dixon, Angel court Grieg N. Plyimouth Dock, tea dealer. (Elworthy, Plye mouth Dock Groombridge J, Lawrence-Pountney Hill, merchanté * (Oakley, Martin's lane; Cannon fireet Harrifon C. Liverpool, merchant. {Cooper and fg ds Southampton buildings, and Orrid and Barnes, Li verpool, Harrifon M. Carlisle, ftationer. (Birkett, Bond courts Walbrock 5 and Blow, Carlisle 4 Hawkes T. Newport, Isle of Wight. (Marett, South ampton and Willis, Fairthorae and Clarke, Warnforg court P be Hemingway J. Halifax. grocer, {Wiglefworth, Gray’s inns and Wiglefworth and Thompton, Halifax 7 Hill J. Liverpoo), merchant, (Cooper and Lowe, Southe ._ ampton buildings, and Orred and Barnes, Liverpool. * Hill F. Wood ftreer, Spital fields, weaver. (Hurle, Cloak lane Hinde 'l, Liverpool, merchant. (Greaves. and Bromey Liverpool ; Hitchjngs G. Rodborough, Glocefter, mealman, (Cone ftable, Symond’s inn, and Cooke, Stroud ~ Horderh T. Utoxeter, Stafford, grocer. (Anftice and Cox, Temple, and Pipe and Blgir, Uttoxeter Houfe T. Walcot, Bath, carpenter. (Foulkes, Longdilly and Beckett, Gray’sipn; and Randolph, Bath ' Howell T. Chepitow, Monmouth, jronmongere (Platt, Temple, and Harding, Brilto} + Hucks J. and J. Price, Wapping, fail makers. , (Wet, Red Lion ftreet : Hudfon J. Birmingham, wood turner. (Birkett, Bond court, Walbrook, and Smith, Birmingham Hyde J. Nailfworth. Glocefter, clothier. (Bloxamy, Dursley. and Price and Williams, Lincoln's inn “ Inglifh J. Manchelter. linen draper. (Cunliffe, Mane cheker, and Tarrant, Clarke and Richards, Chancery ane Ifmael A. Portfmouth, filverfmith, Marks, St. Mary Axe . Jacob E. Liantriffent, Glamorgan.’ Monmouth and Platt. Temple James H, Cannon ftreer, hookfeiler. Foter lane, Cheaplide James J. Colehuufe, Somerfet, edge tool maker. (Davies, Lothbury, and Davies ani Davis, Warminier, Wiits Jarratt J. Affembly row, Mile End, dealer. (Wilde and Knight, Ca@le ftreet, Falcon Square Jenkins J. King treet, Montague tquare, baker. Great Mary-le-bone ftreer Jonnfon P Old rect, cabinet makers court, Alderigate ftreet Keeling W. Congleton, Chethire, baker,: (Moorhoule and Willen, Congleton, and Milne aud Parry, lemple Kendrick Hfaacsy Bevis, (Prothero, Newport, (Mafon and Rogers, (Jones, (Ruffen, Crown 74 Kendrick L. and My Barlow, Wartington, Lancafter, mit- liners. i Hurd, Texr-pley avd Cropper, Warrington Keot J. Southampton, builders abd Burney, Southampton King E, Bateman’s row, Shoreditch, paviors (Befiton, Union ftrect, Southwark Knowles J. Kidderminfter, Worcefter, butchers (Bray and Gale, Drditwieh Kroger J. Plymouth, merchant. (Williams and Darke, Se flreet, Bedford row, and Bozon, Flymouth lock Lane J. rear al Suffex, linen draper, (Tyler, Pet- wort 4 Lane J. Yontipool, Monmouth, carpenters | (Jones, june Utk and Price and Wifliams, Lincoln's inn Laughton T. Old Ford, coal merchant. Tomlinfons and Thomfon, Copthallcourt | Lawrence H, Liverpool, merchant. (Staniftreet and Eden, Liverpool, and Windle, John ftrect, Bedford _ TOW Lax T. Halifax, York, merchant. (Neitlefuld, Norfolk treet, Strand, and Alexander, Halifax ‘4 4 Leaver ‘I, Plymouth, merchant. (Rivers, Garlick Hill Legg S. Portfea, lice maker, {Voulden, Portfea and Skelton, Seflions houfe, Old Bailey Dever W. Little Lever, Lancafter, cotton manufacturer. {Redhead and Brother, Manchefter, and Milne and Parry, Temple Levi &. Little Alie freet, Goudman’s fields, merchant. (Evitt and Rixon, Haydon fquare Levy Elkany Clifton (treet, Finsbury fyuare, merchant. iaarries Caftle ftreet, Houndfditch Lewis G. Swanfea, thopkeeper. (Bleafdale, Alexander and Holme, New Inn, and Berrington and Jenkins, Swanfea sion Lewis J. Briftol, woollen droper. {James, Gray's inn fquare, and Morgan and Livett, Brittol Lindo D, Alexander, Great Winchefter ftreety merchant. (Wadeton, Barlow, and Grofvenor, Auftin Friars Zomas J. jun. Michley, York, paper manufacturers aremnans Ripon, and Godmond, Bride court, Fleet reet : Long J. Kingfton, Surry, maltiter. ‘ London ftreet, Fenchurch ttreet Lovell J. Alderfgate ftreet, jeweller, : terhoufe fyuare Lowe H. Macclesfield; Cheshire, ( Brocklehurft, Macclesfield Rowndes T. juv. and R. Batefon, Liverpost, brokers. . (Staniftrect and Eden, Liverpool, and Windle, Jobn fireet, Bedford row Luckraft J. Plymouth, carpenter. ‘(Alexander, New Br Lincoln’s inn, and Coryndon, Plymouth Lumicy Thomas, Ramfgate, jeweller. (Smith, Token- houfe yard Lungley W, Barton Mills, merchant. « Jane, and Archer, Mildenhall Maddy AH. and T. T. Gough, Hereford, woolftaplers, (Broome and Pinniger, Gray’s inn fyuarey and Bird and Wollafton, Hereford Major W. Friday ftrect, Norwich, thaw! manufacturer. (Abbott, Chancery Jane, and Bygrave.and Co. Norwich M‘Alefter Py Stratford on-Avon, Warwick, hawker. (Hurd, Temple, and Dineley, Perfnore, Worceten Mallars T, Gravel lane, Suriy, baker. (Hogarth, Staple (Palmer, (Parnther and son, _ (Robinfon, Char- hat manufacturer. (Ellis, Chancery inn Manley Je Manfell freet, Goodman’s fields, merchant, « (Barrow, Threadneedle ftreet Manfon 1. fen, and jun. Tokenhoufe yard, merchants, » (Welton and Teafdale, Fenchurch ftreet J Mariden G. Barcon, MancheRer, upholfterer, and Robert , » Frith, Saiford, dyors and calico printers. (Hewite and Kirk, Manchefter, and Ellis, Chancery jane Maion.J. Bishop Auckland. Durham, draper. (Jobnfon, Darlington and Lowndes, Red Lion iquare t Meek J. andG. Gill, Liverpool,merchants. (Staniftreet and Eden, Liverpool, and Windle, Johnitreet, Bedfurd row Mills J. Holywell fireet, Strand, merchant, Symone’s inn Movdy J. New Sarum, Wilts, tailor. . bury, and Luxmore, Red Lion fquare Morgan oT, Crown freer, ‘Weftminfter, (Hughes, Dean ftveet, Fetter tane Mofs C, Thanet place, Strand, glafs and china enameller. (Manning, Clement’s inn yeah ‘ Mofran J. William, Suckingham ftreet, Strand, piatterer. {Hannam, Covent Garcen Muckieftun R. Cannonitreet, warehoufeman. (Wadefony * Barlow, and Giofvenor, Awtin Friars Murray v, Pope’s Head alleys infurance broker. Lawrence-Pouurney hill 4 ‘Newham D0, and J. Oliphant, Mitre court, ‘Cheapfide, factors. (Lewis, King’s Sench Walksy Temele Noble F. Leadenhall ttreet, mater mariner, (Pafmore, Warnford court . JNerris L. Sheffield Millsy Berks, paper maker. (Saun- ders, Reading, and Holmes, Great James ftreet, Bed- fordrow Pagers W. Gloceter, fadler, (Chilton, Lincoln's ina, and Ward, Glocefter rf Pape H. Pocklington, York. grocer. | (Blakifton, Sy- mend’s inn, and Boulton, jun. Pocklington Parker W. Waltham Abbcy, timber mirchant. (Taylor, » Waltham Abbey Parker T. Dewsbury, York, merchant, ~ Canterbury tquare, Southwark Parker g Cnsitoustrect, Somer 8 Town, col merchant. (entop and Barker, Gray's iar (Mayhew, (Warden, Salis- fcrivener. _ (Lane, ' (Sherwood, Alphabetical List of Bankruptcies. |» (Roe, Inner Temples’ * [eb t,. ie W, Somer’s town, builder, (Fatreny Gower reet A Perryman J. Jun. Ottery St. Mary, Devon. builder. (Luxe _moor, Red Lion fyuare, and Gould, Honiton — . Phillips P. Drury lane, tailor. (Howard and Absahamsy » Jewry ftreet Phipps W, Shoreditch, traw hat manufa@turer, . (Wilks, Hoxton fquare ‘ Platt W. Bolton-le-Moors, Lancathires muslia and cottom manufacturer, (Windle, John ftreet, Bedford rows and Crofs and Rufhtong Bolton : Pollitt J. Manchefter, grocer. (Hilton, Manchefter, and Ellis, Chancery lane Porter §. Chefiam, Bucks. mealman. (Stevens, Sion College Gardens, Aldeymanbury Potter J. Manchefter, corn and flour dealer. (Halttead and Ainfworth, Mancheftcr, and Milne aud Parry, Temple - aes Prout J. Briftol, baker. (James, Gray’s inn fquare, and Morganand Livert. Briftol Purfell s, Milk (treet, warehoufeman, (Hurft, Law- rence Jane Rayner A. Union place City road, dealers. (Sherwood, Canterbury fquare, Southwark Reed J. Southweald, Effex. thip owner, Sons, Nicholas lane, Lombard ftreet Rees J. Clifton, Glocefter, fmith and tarrier, [Thomas, Briftol, and Edmonds, Lincoln's inn Rexworthy W. St. James’s Market, wine and brandy merchant. (Lee, Caftle ftreet -Holborn Roberfon T, Oxfo d, attorney. [Rofe and Munnings, . Gray's inn fquare ; Rooine &. Great Carter lane, Door’s Commons, coach mafter. (Shelton, Seffions Houle, Old Bailey : Ryan P. Bath, butcher. [Highmore, Bush lane, Cannon frreet. and Wingate, Bath Save R Bath, clothes merchant. (Salmon, Bath, and Baxters and Martin, Furnival’s ino Saxon R.Manchefter, grocer, (Halftead and Ainfworthy Manchefter. and Milne and Parry, Temple Penis; CBaker and Shaw J. Oldham, Lancafter, cotton fpinne-, Chancery lane, and Higfon and Arkinfon, Maichefter Simmons J. Lamberhurft, Kent, fhopkeeper. [Reardon and Davis, Corbet court. Gracechurch ftreet — ” or Smith J. Liverpool, merchant. [Blackftock, Temple and Pritt, Liverpool \ Smith J. Lancafter, fadler. Webfter, Lancafter and Bleafdale, Alexander and Holme, New Inn Solomon L. St. Martin’s court, Leicefter fyuare, umbrella maker. CIfaacs, Bevis Marks, Ste Mary Axe Spalding D. Thorpe, Norfelk, liquor merchant, [Hales, Norwich Speer W. bowling ftreet, Weftmiofter, oil manufacturer, { Wefton and Teafdale, Fenchurch ftreet Stackhoufe W. Blackburn, Lancaiter, linen and woollen draper. CAinfworths Blackburn and Clarke, ang Richards, Chancery lane Stevens W. Leeds. York. and Pedlar’s Acre. Lambeth, aie dealer. [| Pickering, Fithmongers?’ hall, Thames reet Stockley Je Banbury. Oxford, fthopkeeper. Wyk aed) Bis and Farlow, Bouverie aicke twy sen Stothard T. Bennett, Warrington, cotton spinner. (Hew. itt and Kirk, Manchefter, and Ellis, Chauceryilane Surie R. Liverpool, merchant. { Woods, Liverpool, ang Blackftock, Temple Swendall R, Britul, horfe dealer, (James, Gray’s ing fquare, ano Cornifh, Briftol . Syms J. Neath, Glamorgau, vitualler. , (Meakings Temple. and cabanas Glocetter 3 ae “ ‘Taylor T. Charlotte ftreet, Chrift Churchy. Sut) YT crots, King (treet, Southwark setae Taylor W. Denis, Cranley, Surry, apothecary. Ha Fenchurch treet Pe " Tew ants Teafdale W. Manchefter, warehoufeman. LPal@on, Took’s court, Chancery lane Thomas E. Merthyr Tidvil, Glamorgan, grocer, {Lewis Cardiff, and Gregory. Clement's inn me , Thornley J. Bolton, Lancaftery mullin manufaduree, { Meddowcroft, Gray’sinn, and Boardman, Bolton Tipper 6. Leadenhall fireet. bookfeller. CMafon ana Rogers, Fofter lane, Cheapfide ‘ ‘ Trueman T Bury ftreet, St. Mary Axe, Mattrefs maker. [Tones and Reynal, Mayor’s court office, Royal Ex change Ulrich G. Croydon, baker. CPhillips, Batterfea, ana Sarth, PR 8 | aie Wade B. Rotherhithe, maf and oar maker. Price Aes oStrens place, St. George's tn the Eaft : 7 ‘ - alker S. Bu'l wharf lane, eenniihe, hi bin, ([ Mangnall, Warwick 76 ie beara ders Wall J. Oxford ftreet. hatter. (Morton, Gray's ign Walter B. New Romney. Kent,gr-zier, (Webb, Folke frone. and Egon, Effex fircer Ward J. Sutton, Norfolk, merchant [Sewell and Blake, Norwich, and Tilbury and Redford, Bedford row Webb J. Dudley, Liverpool, merchant: (Crump. aid ne ne Saver bis. Aas Chancery lane e » Manchettér, vidtualler. ‘;Hewitt an : a Peps furd M emple Le els J. Minehead, Somerfer, tanner, {Shephard and Adlington, Bedford row, Hancock, jun, For: i ty lifeombe, dad PNG Dulverron meee a Yerpinck J. Gottlob, Plymouth, merchant. iT Brok’s cou rr curfithe ftreet Uiechte, Wet j.jun, Pall wall tailor. [Richardfen, Fi a a Lake, Bury @reet, St. yanews mein Picel arton J. jun, Chefter, coal merchants Huraphrye Chefter; and BlackRock, Temple c ita Whatton 1811.] Alphabetical List of Bankruptcies and Dividends. Whatton H. Watkinfon, Loughborough Parks, Leicefter, El [Wilfon, Tempie, and Lockett, Congietony ethire Whidborne R. Crediton, Devon. malttter: . (Shepherd and Adlington, Bedford row, and Smith, Crediton While E. 8radthaw, Chamber ftreet, Goodman's fields, carpenter. CRutfun, Wellclofe fquare | Whitaker W. Bath, victualler. {Highmore, Buh lanes Cannon ftrcet,and Wingate. Bath | Williams S. Ofweftry, Salop, dealer. [Jonas Ofwewtry Willinot R. Eldridge, Bradford, Wilts. money fcrivener. [Frows and Co, Serle ttreet, Lincoln's inn, an) Moule, Melkihain ’ Wood j. Brighton, plumber. Brighton, and Palmer, Doughry ttreet Wood W. New road, Paddington, brewers [Noy and Pope, Mincing lane Wood W. A: drew, J. Birch, and A. Wood, Manchetter, cotton merchants. ({ Willis, Pairrhorne and Clarke, Warnford court, and Heslop, Manchefter Weod J. Whitehoufe, and W. Lokin. London, wvehoufe. men. ( Willis, Fairthorne and Clarke, Warntord court Wooddefon W. Pall Mall, printfeller. Stevens, St, Mildred’s cout, Poultry Wright S. Charles ftreet, Soho, jeweller, Seapond’s in Wright T. Birmingham, grocer. { Bourdillon and Hew- itt, Little Friday ftreet, and Simcox, Birmingham Wyatt G. Exeter, victnaller. | Williams and Brooks, _ Lincotn’s inn, and Bidsley, Exeter DIVIDENDS ANNOUNCED, Agnew |. Grofvenor fquare, banker, Jan. 15 Ambler Jejun. Plington, horfe dealer, Jany lo Andrade j. and J. C. Stocqueler, Abchurch lane, ine furance brokers, Jan. 29 7 Arbuthnot A. and R. Bracken, Philpot lane, and Birminge ham, merchants, Jan. 29 Aron T. Portfea, linen drapery Jan. 19 ¢ res J. Stra’ford, Effex, coal merchant, Feb. 26 ey T. Liverpool, timber mercnant, Jan. 23 Beker J. Sea Coal lane, London, carpenter, Feb. 16 Ball J. New Sarum, Wilts, victualler, Feb. 14 Ballard T. Shetrnetsy flop feller, Jan, 26 Bartlett J. Colyton, Devon, bag maker, Feb. 15. Bell J. Old Ciry Chambers, wine merchant, Feb. 14 Bendy 5, Bow common, foap maker, Jan. 2s Bent R. Lincoln's inn fields, merchant, Jan. 26 Berry C. fen. and R. Rochefler, Norwich, bookfellers, _~ Jan. 30 ee | Berry J. Mauchefter, calico printer, Jan. 22 _—, ay Bifhopfgace without, ftraw hat manufacturer, | eb.5 s Bingley J- Upper John ftreet, St. Pancras, ftatuary, Feb. 12 : Booth J. Northen, Chefhire, corn factor, and J. smith, Li- . vVerpool, corn merchant, Jan. 30 Bovil B. and C- Hanbury, Catherjne court, Tower hill, corn _ factors, Feb. 16 Pe rope W. fen. Cattle (treet, Southwark, hat manufacturer, ans 19 Bowles W. T. Ogden and G, Wyndham, New Sarum, Wilts, © bankers, Jan. 31 | Boyd T. Maida hill, Edgware road, fhopkeeper, Feb. 14 Breffit J. Alfreton; Derby,-mercer, Feb. 4 ) Hill, (Chapman. and {Mayhew Brown de Little Ea(tcheap, cheefmonger. Jan. 32 Brown T. Leeds, York, fiax fpinner, Feb. 14 ~ aaa ag W. Kirby ftreet, Hatton Garden, watch maker, eb. 14 Bull J. King’s Langley, Herts, carpenter, Jan. 19 * Bureeis GoW. or. Sad Ra ies Bristol, linen draper, Feb. 5 Challicom J, Briftol, cordwainer, Jan.15 Chriftie D. Bradfield, Berks. shopkeeper, Jan. 21 _ Clancy W. st. Mary Axe, merchant, March a Collett I’. Uxbridge, grocer, Jan, 22 _ Gooper W. Henderfou, Field nowfe, Walworth Common, surveyor, Jan. 45 Cox W. C. Nether Knutsford, Cheshire, innkeeper, Jai. 30 Davey 5 wee Paradife ftreet, Rotherhittic, thip joiner, » Locker, and R. ‘ _ Jan. Dayie S. Lyme Regis, Dorfer, vintner, Feb. 14 Davis Hy Walworth, cap maker, jan, 23 , Delpini C. A. St.* Martin fireet, Weltminfter, merchant, he) +9 Dennet R. Greck ttreet, Soho, cheefemonger, Jan. 22 Dulio W. T- St. Margaret’s hill, Southwark, jeweller, < Feb, 16 Dunfter T- Somerton, Somerfer, plumber, Jan. 34 _ Edwyn 5S. 5, and H, Garton, Nottingham, hofiers, jan. 18 - ¥Emdis A. Gompert, Portsmoith, fhopkeeper, Jan. 29 yre ‘I. Charing Crofs, trink makers Jan- 29 ¥ A. Hart itreet, Bloomsbury, wine merchaur, Feb, 26 + M. W. and J. Crow, court, Threadneedle treet, _ merchant-, Feb. 4 Fifcher M. Leeds, York, merchant, Feb. 7 ’ Pope R. and T. Cantrell, Mancbetter, cotton manufacturersy an. 29 Forfier R. High ftreet, Bloomshury, cheefemonger, Jan, 1 Forfter W. Cai burton treet, coach maker, Jan. tg 4 va J. New Loudon ftreer, Cruiched Friars, merchant, eb. . rial, dealer, Jan. 14 t C. St George's fhelds, back maker, Feb. 9 1é Gilgreft B. Cheapfide, warehoufeman, Feb. 1 Godden w. Granveutn Alley, liven draper, Fob. 26 Grove P. Cardiff, ttraw hat manufacturer, Jan. 28 Hackiey 5, Dowgate hill, rag merchant, Jan. 9 games J» New Road, Ratcliffe Highway, victuallery +2 Harvey W Chifwell ftreet, curriers Jan. 26 Hatrull B. George tireet, Adciphi, merchant, Feb. 26 Hawkes T, Lothbury, faddlery Jan, 29 5 Herron G» Bermonafey ftreet, Southwark, fellmonger, 1 Feb. 12 , Hill J. Fountain place, City Road, flour-factor, Feb. 29 Hinde J. Whitechapel, tin plate worker, Jan. 6 Mie Fo aid Calle free a Leicetter fquarey tailor, Feb, 2 . Hufon J. Dunkable, Beds, yidtualler, Jan. 30 ne E33 Mili fttect, Hanover ‘{quare, ehiaa feltcr, Jennings T. Bunhill row, wharfinger, Feb. 14 Jones W. Albin, Aldermanbury, haberdafher, Feb. o Xaurtiman C. H, New London ftfcer, merchant, Feb. g Keens*J. Bafingftoke, Hants, dealers Jan. 19 Keuifeck P. Briftol, Merchant, Dec. 28 Lambert T. and S. Leeds, York, woolftaplerss Fab. 14 Lane L. Kingsclere, Hants, fiopkeeper, Jan. 28 Lapith J. Kighley, York, grocer. Feb. 4 rise R. Frofpect raw, Bermondfey, cara dealer, eb. 2 : Léwis W. Bond ftreet, woollen draper. Feb. g Lost R. Long acre, ironmonger, Feb. 25 Lovell T. Shoreditca, baker, Jan. 29 Lucas N. and Cy Retke, Pancra- Jane, merchants; Jans t visas Ak Upper Crown itreety Weftminiter, army agents an. S29 Mazes G. Briftol, linen draper, Jan. 26 Makeham J. Upper Thames ftreet) cheefemongers Jan. 29 « Mark T. jin. Thursby, Cumberland, merchant, Jan. 28 Meh yh Norwood, Great St. Helen’s, merchant, eb. mere J. New London ftreety Crutched Friars, merchaaly _ Feb. g Middleton T. Liverpool, cotton manufacturer, Feb. 10 Moore J. st. Jotm’s {quare, brandy merchant, Jan. 2g Mois D. Ratcliff Highway, linen drapery Feb. 12 Newman R. Oxford ftreer, linen draper, Jan. 28 Nicholls T, jun. Bradford, Wilts, linen draper, Feb, lg Nockold J. Colchefter, hat manufacturer, Jan, 28 : Northam H. Tooley ttreet, hatter. Jan. 22 Oates E. Leeds, York, dryfalter, Feb. 4 Palmer J. Aldermanbury, merchant, Jans 12, Patterfon G. Hertford, merchant, Jan 2g Penn I, Leather lane, oi] and colorman, Jan. 29 Percival J. New London ftreet, merchant, Jan. 21 Perkins Neath, Glemorgan, apothecary, Feb. x, March 16 Perkins J. Queen ftreet, Cheapfide, wholefalé Rationer, an. 22 3 Ferfent M. W. and A, Wy Bodecker, Little St. Helen's, _ MmercHants, Jan. 26 i Tem J» Re and W. Francis, Mark lane, corn factors N. 30 / Portal J. Bithopfgate treet, linen draper, Jan. 24 Raby G, Great St. Helen’s Chambers, merchant, Jan. 19 Reeve R. and W. D. Jones, Vere ftreet, stationers, Dec. 2g Reid J. Frith ttreet, Soho, grocery Feb. 14 ary Shaw hill, Wilts, farge maker, and Briltol preflerg - 3 i Rautt W. Cheltenham, watch maker, Feb. 9 Rowton W. and T. Morhaill, Cheitery bankers, Jan. 29 hati’ E. MU sherh St. Reters Campbridgefhire, linen drapery an. t Satterthwaite I, Tamworth, Warwick, winé and fpivit mere chatity Jan, 26, Scott A, and J. Purves, St. Mary Axe, merchants, Jan. 30 Sevill J. Green Lane, Saddleworth, Yorkihire, cotton manus factuver, Jan. 30 Shorto £. Horne, Exeter, curler, Jan. 19 Simpion J. Rofs, Hereford, inpholder Feb. 7 Simpfon J. and W. Graydon Fairman, Old Change, factors 5 an. | Slater iw, Weltgate Moor, Wakefield, York, corn factory Feb. 14 ‘ Smith J. Withington, Manchefter, vittualler, Feb. 14 Staniforth T. Shesfeld, cutier, Feo. 1 Steriker R. Epfuin, innkeepers Jan, 12 Stibbs C, Sewbury, Berk, cabinet maker, Feb. g Tabor J. C. Calchelter, merchant, Feb. 6 © : Taylor T, Cty voad, victualler, Feb, 5 Thomfon G. Duke freet, Weltminiter, merchant, Jan. & Tolfon P. and R. Leed , York, merchantsy Jan. 34 Towkins S. Worcefter, flax dreffer, Feb. 14 Tugwell T. Hortham, Suffex, tannery Feb. Ig Wardle G. Newcafie-upon-Tyne. grocer, Jan. 19 Weale ?. Kington, Hereford, tailor, Jan. 18 Welchman J. Crewkerne, Someriet, linen drapery Feb. 13 Weittlake j. Gofport, Hants, bakery Jas. 2z Wheeler W. Bathy carpenter, Feb.i2 White T. Southwark, haberdafher, Jan 20 Whittenbury E. Liverpool, merchant, Feb. 6 Wightman J. George ftrect, Fofter laue, haberdathers Jan, 22. Williams R. Oxtond (treet, itraw hat manufacturer, Feb. a4 Williams W. Welt Smithfield citler, Janeig’ = * 4 Wood R, Margate, grocery March} Wyatt J. Mitre court, Aldgate, wholefale ttationer, Feb. 19 Young G. ané G, Glegnie, Budge Fow, merchants, Jan. ag ‘ ; INCIDENTS, [Feb. 1, INCIDENTS, MARRIAGES, anp DEATHS, rw axp nzar LONDON ¢ With Biographical Memoirs of distinguished Characters recently deceased. EE : THE following is the Annual Report of the _ Christenings and Burials in the Metro- polis, from December 12, 1809, to Decem- DELMAS ASI MOP cheer re jens -Christened in the 97 parishes within the Walls, 1,004,—Buried, 1,388. «Christeried in the 17 parishes without the Walls, 4,258.—Buried, 4,129. Christened in the 23 out-parishés in Mid- dlesex and Sufrey, 10,503,—Buried, 9,535: Christened in:the 10 parishes. in the City and Liberties of Westminster, 4,165.—Bu- ) ried, 4,841. oy Christened, males, 10,181); females, 9,742 5 in all, 19,923. Buried, males, 10,411; females, 9,482; : in all, 19,893. Whereof have died, under two years of age, 5853; between two and five, 2450; five and ten, 850; ten and twenty, 695; twenty and thirty, 1218; thirty and forty, 1788 ; forty and fifty, 2018 ; fifty and sixty, J645 5 Sixty and seventy, 1587; seventy and eighty, 1262; ‘eighty and ninety, 473; ninety and a hundred, 705 an hundred and five, 1.-—Increased in. the burials this year, 3213. . There have been executed in the city of Londonyand county of Surry, 105 of which number, 6 only have been reported to be bu- ried (as such) within the Bills of Mortality. “In the night of Saturday, December 22, St. Paul's cathedral was tobbed of the church services of plate, consisting’ of a large waiter, of singular workmanship, weighing 128 oz.5 the back ‘of a large bible and prayer-book, (silver,) 200 oz, 3 two silver salvers, nearly 0 oz. 3 other’ waiters, and tworlarge silver candlesticks, 330 oz. ; two other candlesticks, 200.02. ; four flaggons, 400 oz.5 two chalices, &c. 112 0z.5 two smaller, 30 0z.; in the whole 1760 ounces. These articles, or most of'them, were used the preceding day, ata private ordination, at which .the Bishop of Lincoln presided ; and afterwards locked up in the plate-room immediately over the ves- tfy, in iron chests for the purpose, which had on them padlocks as well as others. There wete two doors tothe room, an inner and an outer one: the former was entirely iron, and the gther plated, and made as strong as pos- sible. To these principal doors there are se- eral passages, all of which have doors, al- ways locked, through which persons must pass: before they can reach the plate-rooms, and it is only kAowh to few to what apart- ments they lead, All these doors remained locked, and it was not until Sunday morn- ing that the plate'was wanted for the church service, that the robbery was-discovered. The person who. had the plate under his, care, opened the passage-doors with the keys be- Jonging to them, as usual; but the lock of the main door he could not open until he had pro« cured the master-key. He then found the chest, containing:the plate, had been broken open with an iron crow, or some such instru- ment, ‘after -having opened the padlocks in” the usual way. An attempt to steal the plate from this cathedral was made twenty-seven years since. - The robbers then got as farasa closet where the keys were kept; but whether they were prevented from proceeding by being alarmed, or by their light going out, was » never ascertained. . : On Thursday, December 27, Mr. Milton, a horse-dealer, performed the: extraordinary equestrian trial, (upon which hé had backed himself in a wager of 3001. against 5001.) of riding 86 miles in five hours. He started from the end of Dover-street, Piccadilly, at two minutes past eight in the morning, ahd tode the tequired distance in three quarters of an hour less than the given time, arriving at Stamford at 17 minutes past twelve at hoon. The person who has performed this amazing journey, weighs not less than 14 stone. He used ten:borses; but, in consequence of an_ error in the arrangement of the relays, was obliged to tide one of them 15 miles 3 and another knocked up before he had. gone’ four miles. These circumstances considered, this feat-may ‘be set down as one of the most wonderful “in the annals of horsemanship. Mir. Milton appeared very little fatigued when he arrived at the George and. Angel inn at Stamford ; and, onalighting, went to bed for a few hours. He set off again for London in the evening, ia a post-chaise. Stamford, by the usual route, is 90 miles from London ; but Mr: Milton took the lower road, by Ware, Arrington, and Huntingdon; which reduces the distance to about 86 miles. Before he set out to accomplish this arduous task, he offered a friend, who expressed some doubts of his success, to bet 1000 guineas to 500, that he would in the five hours -go ten miles farther than the stipulated distance, which it is proved he could easily have done, — The late King of Sweden has arrived in London under the title of Comte de Gottorp,’ and lives in great retirement at present. A minister plenipotentiary has arrived from the Dey of Algiers; he is a well-looking sage, seventy years of age, with along white beard, and reputed to possess abilities. He brought with him a numefous retinue, rich presents, anda menagerie of lions, tigers, ostriches, é&c. &¢. with some capital Arabian horses. MARRIED. At St, James's, William. Gordon, ‘esq. of Oxford, to Mrs. Leukfield, ‘of Tottenham street, and Mill-hill. AE 18f1.] At St. Mary Woolnoth, Henry Tbbet- son, esq: of Doctors’ Commons, to Ellen, only daughter of ‘Thomas Parke, esq. of Lombatd-street- At St. George’s, Hanover-square, Henry Maynard, esq. to Miss Rabett, only daugh- ter of Reginald R. esq. of Bramfield-hall, Suffolk. At Mary-le-bone, Henry Blake, esq. to Miss Attersoll, of Portland-place. “At St. Saviour’s, Southwark, the Rev. Arthur Evans, of Overtown, and yicar of Badbourn Cheney, Wilts, to Miss Anne ike, " At St. Andrew’s, Holborn, Thomas Tur- er, esq. of Limbern-Park, Essex, to Grace, Fosrch daughter of the late John Newman, esq. of Hampstead. "At St.Clement Danes, J.Clayton Jennings, esq. to Margaret, only surviving daughter of the late Michael Bray, esq. of Wimbledon. * At Lewisham, the Rev. Charles Parr Bur- ney, son of the Rev. Dr. B. to Frances Bentley, daughter of George Young, esq. of Blackheath. At Camberwell, William Reade, esq. to Jester Carter, daughter of Henry Smith, 6g, waaihaiel Bogle French, jun. esq. of Dul- _ wich, to Elizabeth, only child of the Hon, William Jackson, chief justice of Jamaica. David Robertson, esq. of Sackville-street, to Frances, daughter of the late James Ma- ther, esq. of Birchin-lane. Capt. Page, of the Bombay Military Esta- blishment, to Miss Barker, of East Sheen, only daughter of the late P. Barker, esq. of _ Charlton, Kent. » ~ Capt. Aichison, of the Bombay Military _ Establishnvent, to Charlotte, fifth daughter of William Terrington, esq. of Gould-square. anys fi DIED. Tn Dovyer-street, at the house of Lord Dynevor, the Hon. Mrs. Markham, wife of Vice-admiral John M. and sister to Lord lynevor, + dn John-street, Oxford-street, Mrs. Prince, wife of Mr. poh it _, At Upper Holloway, Frances, wife of Jacob *hilips, esq. and sister of Sir Edward Berry, ‘ in Gower-street, JiZs. Brown, 49. .. An Bernard-street, Russell-squate, George ‘ Sibley, sg. . At Homerton, in his $34 year, Christopher | Alderson, esq. At Dulwich-hill, Camberwell, Miss Anne * Powditch, youngest daughter of the late Tho- nas P. ‘esq. of Peckham, 17. “ 7 In Huoter-street, Ars. Sanders, widow of John William S. esq. of the island of Nevis. ~ AtColebridge, Twickenhan:, Stephen Cole, 4:q- eldest sun of the late Stephen C.. esq. of pHleatham-lodge, Middlesex. . An Portman-street, Mr. M4. 4. Lavoine, 67. » AtTurnham-green, Mrs. Prott, 87. Marriaées and Deaths in and near London 17 Ih Notton-stréet, Rear-admiral Yobu Boyle, 72. j At Hackney, Miss Anne Buller, of Oxford= court, Cannon-street, 20. In Sloane-squate, Mrs. Plimpton, 77. In Parliament-street, George Kier, esq. 60. At Bromptom, the Rev, Henry Hodges, vi- car of Embieton, Northumberland. In New-street, Spring Gardens, Mrs, A= dérden, wife of John Proctor A. esq. In Long Acre, Mrs. Fulia Weippert, wife of Mr. W, professor of thie harp. In Halfemoon-street, George Frederic, son of Mr. Lockley, surgeon. At Hammersmith, Mrs. Phebe Burnell, 63. At Knightsbridge, Mrs. Delegal, relict of Henry Sacheverel D, esq. late of Barbadoes, 63. In Castlé-street, Leicester-square, Thomas Thomson, esq. 64. At Blackheath, Alexander Masson, esg. At Gunnersbury-cottage, Oliver Delancey’ son of Capt. John Stapleton, inspector-gene- ral of barracks, 11. At Tottenham, William Rodinson, esq. 74. In Bernard-street, Mrs. Esdaile, relict of James E. esq. 76. In Upper Guildford-street, Mrs. Hinckley, relict of Henry H. M.D. many years senior physician of Guy’s hospital. : In Queen’s-square, Bloomsbury, Robert Macfarlane Hammond, third son of Wm. H. esq. -25. At LissonGreen, William Baillie, esg. many years one of the commissioners of the stamp duties, 87, At Greenwich, Mr. Collingwood, father of Mr. C. printer to Oxford University. At Cooper’s-hill, near Staines, Gideon Bic- kerdicke, esq. whose immense property devolves on his nephew, B. Flounders, esq. of Yarm. : ‘ _ At Mortlake, AZrs. Coke, mother of T. We Coke, esq. of Holkham, Norfolk, M.P. for that county, and of Edward Coke, esq. M.P. for Derby, In Portland-road, Sir Francis Bourgesis, R, Ae a landscape and historical painter of great eminence. De Loutherbourgh was evidently the master whom it was his ambition to imi- tate. Some of the productions of his pencil will do credit to his memory; bat the ma~ jority of them will remain as a land-mark to jenior artists to avoid a glare of colour, and attempts to produce effect at the expense of truth and nature. , In Somerset-place, Mr. Richards, many years a member of the Royal Academy, and secretary to that institution, 80. He chiefly distinguished himself asa painter of theatrical scenery, and in that province of art displayed considerable merit. He held the leading place in that department at Covent-GardenTheatre for. many years., Mr. Richards had been for some time incapable of attending to business, and Mr. Howard, an artist of well-known merit, 416 merit, whois to succeed him as secretary to the academy, hed been joined with him in the office, for the purpose of discharging its duties. In Westbourne-place, Sloane-square, 27. William Thomas Lewis, a theatrical performer of. considerable eminence, 65. He enjoyed the smiles.of a London audience for 36 years, during the whole of which long period, he never for a moment departed from his duty; the proudest-aim of his life was to merit ap- probation. He would frequently remai by himself for a whole day together endeavour- zng to throw some new light beauties into his different characters, His favourite parts were Belcour, Ranger, Benedict, Mercutio, and the Copper Captain, in which last he took a final leave of his generous friehds and admi- xers about eighteen months ago. He then assured the audience that it would be gratify- ing in his seclusion, to reflect, that during the long period he had been in their service, he had never once incurred their displeasure. To his family he was most affectionate 5 often denying himself the enjoyment of the fruits of his Jabours, in order that he might make them independent of the world. He has left two daughters and three sons, one of whom 3s a lieutenant-colonel in the East-India ser- Vice, and the youngest, who was residing in the house, caught the dying breath of bis respected father. Mrs. Lewis has the con- solation to reflect that these, her only re- Maining joy, are amply provided for. At Cheltenham, aged 57, James Maxwell, esq. of Orange Grove, in the island of To- bago, who had a few months ago returned to this country on account of ill health. His honourable and upright principles as a man of business, his pleasing and social qualities as 2 companion and friend, had long secured him the respect and esteem of a most numerous and respectable circle of acquaintance, who have to lament his early loss. Mr. Maxwell was of the family of Monreith, in Scotland, and first cousin to her Grace the Duchess of Gordon j and, what is rather an uncommon eircumstance, was one of nine brothers, the whole of whom, except himself, have been bred up in the service of their country 5 in which service, a few years ago, he had the misfortune to lose two of his beloved bro- thers, both captains in the army, of consi- derable reputation. Mr. Maxwell leaves be- hind him six brothers, three of whom are post-captains in the navy, who have emi- nently distinguished themselves in the ser- vice of their king and country on several oc- casions ; two are captains of artillery, and ene is in the service of the honourable East- India company. «Mrs. Anna Harral, wife of Mr. Harral, of Park-street, Islington, fourth daughter of the Jate William Empson, of Isleworth, Middle- sex, esq. and sister of the late John Mas‘ers Empson, esq. surgeon of his Majesty’s ship Deaths in.and near London. Castor, aged 50, Her illness, sudden in ite commencement, rapid in its progress, and fa~ tal in jts close, proved to be a combination anasarca and ascites. It may be regarded as furnishing one of the melancholy proofs which we daily witness, of the yet infantile state of medical science ; as, of three professional gen= tlemen of acknowledged skil] and experience, who were consulted upon thé case, two enter- tained opinions directly at.variance with each other, while the third felt himself incapable of deciding, till the disease should have ac- quired a more distinct character. . Thus, the unfortunate sufferer was deprived of the aid which she might possibly have derived from medicine; and, in one little month from 2 period of her first,attack, she was soatcHed from the agonized embrace of connubial af- fection, .and consigned to. her native dusts leaving for ** another and a better world” a circle of Joying and beloved friends to lament her early and premature departure. Beep, indeed, is their cause for lamentation, though not as those * without bope;” for, to a na- tural sweetness and aftability of disposition, the deceased united all that can endear a wife and a mother—every grace that can lend a charm to society—al! the virtues that adorn and dignify her sex. A purer heart than hers, more void of offence to God or man, never animated the human bosom. At Silvester-row, Hackney, after an illness of a few days, aged 21, Miss Anne Butler, third daughter of Mr. William Butler, of Ox- ford court, Cannon-street. To commemorate departed worth is an office ever agreeable to duty and feeling; and often are the sympa~ thies of our frame strongly interested, when merited praises and a few fiowers are scat~ tered over the grave in which female excel lence is entombed. understanding was invigorated by the pursuits of yseful knowledge. With ancient history, as well sacred as profane, and with the annals of her native country and of modern Europe, she was conversant. Anextensive acquaintance with geography, and with biography and chros nology (employed as its auxiliaries) rendered her familiar with a multitude of circumstances, and of anecdotes that related to celebrated places, with the memorable characters who ‘have appeared on the stage of life, and with the important eras which have marked its varied drama. Though she did not under- value or neglect the charms of French lite- rature, nor omit to avail herself of the oppor- tunities which education and conversation presented, it was principally by the perusal of historic works in our own tanguage, and of the productions of some of the most emi- neat of our classics and poets, that her taste was refined, her imagination enriched, and her judgment stpengthened ; at the sams time that some brilliant passages in their writings served to exercise her memory, amd were the fayourites of her leisure hours. é > Miss Miss Butlef’s superior © [Feb. ty 181 1] , Miss Butler’s form was elegant, her counte- Nance intelligent and expressive, and her Taovements graceful. In her hand-writing there was much beauty ; her taste had been Improved by her proficiency in drawing ; when She occasionally joined in the dance, she Could not but be admired; and ‘when she Played on the piano-forte, the effects, pro- duced by her correctness of judgment, hier delicacy of ear, and the skilfulness of her hand, were not unfrequently heightened by the clearness and melody of her voice. Her manners were polished and pleasing ; she bad a very obliging and delightful disposition ; and, a3 vivacity and sensibility were perhzps its chief characteristics, and, as she had much activity of mind, her company was courted, and she diffused animation and happiness throughout the ci:cle in which she moved. But, alas! she had a heart too susceptible of the finer feelings of our nature! “he too eager contemplation of the supposed scenes of fu- ture happiness which had recently opened _ Upon her mind, the powerful effect produced by the consequent congratulations of friends, _ 4nd the conflicting feelings created by the Prospect of her union with one to whom she ‘Was attached, and by herregret at leaving a patental roof where she had been happy and Kindly treated, gave rise to 2 nervous affec- tion of the mind, which, as her constitution was'delicate, speedily terminated in her death. How important, therefore, and how highly necessary is'it (especially for females of a Stinilar age and of an equal sensibility) not Only that the repulsive principles of our na- _ Sere, fear,’ anger, and aversion, should be "Strictly regulated, but also those lovely pas- sions, hope and joy, which sometimes suc- _ cessively delight and dazzle and overwhelm _ us. That we should maintain the perpetual | ascendan¢y ofteason, and keep under controul €ven our mildest and most pleasurable emo- tions, “is a maxim on which we should never Ceuse fo act. We are frail, and constantly touch the threshold of eternity. Even the Sunstine of the mind may be converted into _ a destructive blaze. Fuh, hopeless thought! turn from her:— © thought repell’d Relenting rallies, and wakes ev'ry woe. Saatch'd ere thy prime, and in thy bridal hour! : And when kind fortune, with thy lover, — ‘smil’d! i when high-flavour’d thy fresh-op’ning jays! | And when blind man "complete !’ | [Further particulars of Natbaniél Kent,’ esq. e death is mentioned at page 466, of our last welame.] It is universally allowed that no Fotessional man ever rendered more substan- tial services tothe agriculture of his country than the late Mr. Kent. The gentlemen of | BNorfolk in acknowledgment for the benefits ; 1 pronounc’d thy bliss Account of the late Nathaniel Kent. 19 derived by that county from the exertion of his talents, presented him in 1808 with an eme bossed silver goblet, ornamented with the emblems of agriculture, the cover surmounted wich the figure of fustice, holding the ancient steel.yard. The mecvting held for this pur» pose, on the 1ith of March, at the Angel inn, Norwich, was attended by Thomas Wil+ lian Coke, esq. president of the Norfolk Agri- cultural Society, and many gentlemen of fortune in the county, and a most respectable body of yeomen. After dining togethers Thomas Dasgate, esq. rose, and addressing himself to Mr. Kent, in a short but appro priate speech, stated, that he was deputed by the farmers and friends to agriculture in the county of Noriolk, to present him with this cup, as a token of their respect and esteem, *¢ tor his integrity and impartiality betweea landlord and tenant, in his profession as a sut- veyor of land, and for his liberal and upright attachment to the interests of agriculture.” Hethen presented the cup, with the above inscription, to Mr. Kent, who, in his reply, gave the following account of his professional life «« My happy destiny threw me very early in life into what I may call the very lap af agriculture. In the capacity of secretary to Sir James Porter, at Brussels, I had anoppore tunity £0 make myself well acquainted with the husbandry of the Austrian Netherlands, then supposed to be in the highest perfection in Any part of Europe. No spot was there to be found that was not highly cultivated. The industry of the Flemings was astonishing, and their care in collecting every sort of manure. that could be usefully applied was highly commendable. Coming to England in the year 1766, Sir John Cust, the then speakez of the House of Commons, requested of me some written account of the Flemish huse bandry, with which he expressed himself much pleased: and he and my first great friend, the elder brother of the late Lord An« son, who was the true friend of merit, and the encourager of science wherever he found it, advised me to quit the diplomatic path, and apply myself closely to agriculture, in which I had a handsome promise of assistance from the latter; I did not hesitate a moment in adopting their advice. About this time I mace a most valuable acquaintance. with the late Benjamin Stillingfleet, one of the greatest naturalists we had, wno was considered as the: English Linnzus. it was be who impressed me with the tmportance of taking Nature for my guide, indo! icarning to deduce my ideas of the value of land, not from local enquiry: which might misie:d my judgment, but trom the wild plants and grasses} as these would invariably express tue voice of nature. Acs coaiugly, where 1 round the oak and elm ag trees, and the rough cock’s-foot and meadow fox-tail as grasses, 1 was assured that such land was good. And where | found the birche tree, the juniper-shrub, and the maiden-hair, and $0 and creeping: bentegrasses, I was equally cer- tain that such land was poor and steril. In the year 1775, I published. my “ Hints to Gentlemen of Landed Property,” in which I characterized and described a great number of diffetent sorts of land; by what grew upon them, and suggested the must obvious means of improving them. I flatter myself this book has beén the cause of considerable im- provement;.and will of more when I am mouidefed into dust. 1 now found myself employed as a land valuer upon a large scale; but.itis my satisfaction to reflect that I did not undertake this office till I had satisfied my ewn.conscience. that 1 was capable of it. When agentleman put his estate into my hands, I considered it was the highest trust he could reposein me 5 it wasleaving it.to me to mite out his fortune byallotting him what Lthought pfoper.upon the object submitted to me. It was therefore incumbent on me to take care of his interest, at the same time there was another person who had an egual claim.to justice from me, which was the occupier, who had a right to be recompensed for his labour, judgment, and capital. In weighing: these interests where there was doubt, I contess I gave the turn of the scale to the latter, Acting thus, the landlord and tenant in ge- neral expressed reciprocal satisfaction. Jam much-flattered by your approving of me as a Jand valuer, and presume to hope, that you will alsoconsider me asa landimprover. Al- low me to say, that the embankment between the Lincolnshire washes, which secured land from the sea, to the amount of 200,000I. in walue, was principally brought about and ef- fected by my advice, and there are many thousand acres of wast¢ land in different parts of the kingdom, that likewis¢ owe their im, provement to me. It is now forty, years, gentlemen, since I have*been closely con- nected with thiscounty. Ihave had the sa- tisfaction to make a vast number of valuable friends, and if I have any enemies I trust they are but few, I have always acted from a conscientious consideration of the business laid before me; and Shakspeare, the great judge ef the human heart, says, ¢*Above all be to thine. own self be true, and it must follow, asthe night the day, thou canst not be faise #0 any man.” { Further particulars of the Rew. Ralpb Harrison, whose death was announced in our last volume. | He was the son ofthe Rev. W. Harrison, minister of a small society of Protestant dis- senters at Chinley, in Derbyshire. Being originally designed for the Christian ministry, he entered upon a course of appropriate stu- @ies at the academy in Warrington, which was then conducted by the Rey. Dr. Aikin, wnder whose superintendance the institution acquired considerable celebrity. As a student he acquitted himself with great credit, and Account of the late Rev. Ratph Harrison. upon leaving that seminary, he received from — his tutors, ‘high commendation for the exeme _ plary propriety of his moral behaviour. Soon after the commencenient of his professional career, he was invited to Shrewsbury, to une dertake in conjunction with the Rev. Joseph Fownes, the pastoral charge of a respectable society of Protestant dissenters. Upon the death of the Rey. Joseph Mottershead, in 1771, he was chosen to he one of the minis; ters of a highly respectable society of Protes- tant dissenters ia Manchester, in which sie tuation he continued till within a few weeks of his death, when the declining state, of his health compelled him to resign. In the year 1774, he began a school for the education of youth. In this arduous but honourable occu pation le displayed superior skill, and his celebrity as a, teacher spread far beyond the neighbourhood in which he resided. In 1786 he undertook, in conjunction . witlr his col» league in the ministry, the late Rev. Dr, Barnes, the important charge of an academical institution in Manchester, the duties of which he fulfilled in a most satisfactory man- ner. He has occasionally appeared before . the public as an author. His English gram- mar is, perhaps, one of the best elementary works in the language, His two volumes of Sacred Harmony,” are too well known to require any encomium. He also published an Introduction to the Study of Geographys with aset of blank maps, a Sermon upog Education, and a Biographical Tribute to the Memory of the Rev. John Seddon, one of hig predecessors in the pastoral office at Manchesy ter. Asa preacher he was judicious and ine structive. His compositions which were correct and perspicuous, exhibited a pleasing union of the argumentative and the pathetic, His voice was clear and harmonioys, his de- livery natural and unaffected, and he secured the attention of his hearers by a manner the most serious and impressive, In private life he was uncommonly amiable, Asa husband, a father, a relative, a friend, he was truly yaluable. To an undeviating integrity of character, he united the habitual exercise of an enlightened and fervent piety. In his general disposition he had great natural viva- city. His manners were gentle and aligce tionate, his address prepossessing, his con Versation entertaining and instructive. Afcer languishing for some time under a disorder, which baffled the efforts of medical skill, he departed this life in the 63d year of his age,- and the 45d of his stated ministry. His re~ Mains were attended to the grave by anume= _ rous and respectable assemblage of friends, who voluntarily came together to pay their last tribute of respect te his memory. His virtues will be long remembered by all who knew him. They will be atheme of grateful — recollectioa to his mouraing family.. FROVINCIAL 1811.J fs ] PROVINCIAL OCCURRENCES, WITH att tur MARRIAGES anv DEATHS; Arranged geographically, or in the Order of the Counties, from North to South. a ®.* Communications for this Department of the Monthly Magazine, properly au- thenticuted, ana sent free of Postage, are always thankfully received. Those are more particulurly acceptable which describe the Progress of Local Improvements of any Kind, or which contain Biogruphical Anecdotes or Facts relative to eminent or remarkable Characters recently deceased. a ' NORTHUMBERLAND AND DURHAM. "Pile Agricultural Society for the county of Durham, at the late meeting held at Durham, adjudged the following rewards : ‘To Mr. Walton, of Stanhope, 20 guineas for ‘the best fat ox; to Mrs Wood, of Kimbles- worth, 10 guineas for the best penn of wed- der sheep ; and to J. D. Nesham, of Hough- ton-le-Spring, esq. 5 guineas for the best ig.’ : At Newcastle, in 1810, there were 1166 baptisms, 711 burials, and 395 marriages. A monument has been erected to the me- “mmory of the late Rev. Mr. Moises, in the chapel on the south side of St. Nicholas’ Church, in Newcastle, where he used daily to attend prayers, morning and afternoon, un- less his official services were required at some -otherchurch. The monument is of beautiful white marbic, by Flaxman, and represents Religion, in the form of a female figure lean- Ing on a cippus, with her eyes fixed on heaven. On the top of the cippus is an urn, on the side of which is’a well-executed medallion of the venerable divine 5 a tablet beneath bear- ing the following inscription, from the pen of the Right Honourable Sir William Scott, ene of his most distinguished pupils; Juxta requiescit Reverendus HUGO MOISES, A.M. Collegii Divi Petri apud Cantabrigienses Olim socius, Postea per longam Annorum Seriem Lodi literarii in hoc oppido fundati ; ‘ Preefectus, » Atque ibidem in Ecclesia omnium Sanctorum Verbi divini Prelector. Vir erat ingenio elegantict excvlto, Literis humanioribus apprimeé ornatusy Et in iis impertiendis Indefessus ac felix. In regendis puerorum animis Leni usus imperio sed constanti Moribus facillimis nec inficetis. Sed ad yvitz et officii sui Sanctimoniam Rité compositis. ~ Omnium, quorum studiis dirigendis invigilaverat, . . Commodis in omni genere promovendis Amicitsimé semper, swpe utiliter, intentus. ’ — Religionis patriz institutis stabilira Cultor observantissimus ; Et in concionibus sacris ~ Explicator diligens, doctus, disertus Hoc Monumento Memoriam Nominis _ Monrart Mae. No. 209. Consecrati Voluit Permultorum Discipulorum Amor et Veneratio Fayente et pecunia collecta juvante Novocastrenfium Municipio, Viri de suis omnibus optimé meriti Gratt memori. Obiit anno salutis m,pcccvr, /Etatis suz LXXXV. Filiis Hugone & Gulielmo superstitibus, As the deceased was not more esteemed by the rich than beloved by the poor, a number of the latter have been much disappointed in finding his virtues recorded in Latin. At ameetiug of the mayor, corporation, and principal inhabitants, of the town and neighbourhood of Hartlepool, held at that place on the 17th of October last, it was ree solved that a subscription should be entered into for the purpose of rebuilding the pier forming the ancient harbour of Hartlepool. Married.) At Morpeth, Prideaux John Selby, esq. of Twizell House, to Lewis Ta- bitha, sister of Bertram Mitford, esq. of Mit- ford Castle, Northumberland. At Hexham, Mr. Robinson, of Roughsides to Miss Hammerton. At Lowick, Mr. Mark Jameson, of Bere wick, solicitor, to Isabella, daughter of Mr, William Enmibleton. At Newcastle, Mr. George Hodge, to Cae therine White, daughter of Gershom Young, esq. master of the Trinity House in that town.—Mr. W. Elliot, surgeon, to Miss Jane Green. At Warden, the Rev. Mr. Rea, of Chris- tendom, near Waterford, to Miss Rumney. At Bishopwearmouth, Mr. John Scott, of Monkwearmouth, to Miss Ann Horn, Died.| At Brisco, Mr. Charles Slack, 82. At Norton, near Stockton, Francis Smith, esq. 61. At Blyth, Mrs. Blakely, 104. ; ‘ At Newcastle, in his 83d year, Mr. Wil. liam Tate, of the Trinity House of that town, where he was much respected for his faithful services. After being one of the crew of Admiral Byng’s ship, in the unfortunate ex- pedition for the relief of Minorca, he had the satisfaction of being more successfully employed under Admiral Pococke, at the take ing of the Havannah in 1762.—Mr, Ed- ward Hall, 64.—-Mr. John Slack,.—-Mr, An- drew Rutherford, 71. Qa board the John West Indiaman, in cone L sequence 82 secuence of a shot received in an engagement with a French privateer, Mr. George Cun- ningham, only surviving son of the late Mr. Dayid C..of Alnwick, 30. His integrity to his employers, intrepidity and courage in the hour of danger, his suayity of temper, en- deared him to all his connections. At Bishopwearmouth, Mr. James Emble- ton, 28. » At Hexham, Mr. Jasper Gibson, 78. At Ebchister. Mr. ‘ohn Surtees, 72. At Coldstream, Captain William Reid, of the 8th royal veteran battalion.—Mr. Robert Scott, of Sunderland. Hewas founddrownedin a pond near Hendon, He wasvery Jately mar- ried ro. a widow who had been twice matried before ; and it is remarkable that both her former husbands were drowned. CUMBERLAND AND WESTMORELAND. « The following is the number of the chris- #enings, Marriages, and burials, in Carlisle, from January 1, 2810, to January 1, 1841. Parish of St. Mary, christenings 212, mar- riages 100, burials 173; parish of St. Cuth- bert, chfistenings 172, marriages 46, burials 4197 ; besides those christened at the several dissenting meeting houses. Married.] At Cress Canonby, Captain William Christian, of the brig Industry, to Miss Fell, both of Maryport, At Kendal, Mr. John Taylor, of Hutton, to Miss Bayliff, daughter of Mr. John B. of New House, in Strickland.—Mr. William Wood, to Miss Eliz. Atkinson, AtScotby, Mr. Randleson, of Whitehaven, to Miss Margaret Hodgson, daughter cf the Tate William H. esq. At Barton, Mr. Richard Robinson, of Low Windor, to Miss Jane Ward, of Canonby, At Cockermouth, Mr. Joseph Grave, to Miss Scott. ; At Aikton, Mr. R. Wilson, of Whitrig« lees, to Miss Jane Ivison, “ At Whitebaven, Mr,, Thomas Gordon, to Miss Grabam, Fs : ~ Died.] At Whitehaven, Mr. John Pearson, who had been near 46 years in the employ of the late and present Earl of, Lonsdale, 77.— Mr. William Richardson, 70,—Mrs. Eliz. Brockbank, 64.—Serjeant Young, of the royal artillery, 52.—Mrs, Mary Fannin, 46. —Mrs, Margaret Golpin, 70.—Mrs. Cald- beck. —=Captain William Blake, of the Alex- ander, of Whiitehaven,—=-Mrs., Grace Coul- thard, 55.—-Miss Catharine Turner, 24,.— Mis. Fearon, wife of Captain Joseph F. of the Boyton, 27.—Mr. Archibald Creighton. At Cockirmouth, Mr. Henry Wood, 72. =—Mr. Jehn Simpson, 66.—Mrs. ‘Trinkeld. At Penrith, Mrs. Margaret . Sergeson, wife of Mr. Ewbank S.—Mrs. Patrick, wi- dow of Mr. James P. of Kendal.—Mr. James Turnbull, Y1.—Mr, Miss Jane Abbott.—Mr. Isaac Burtheck. At Carlisle, the Rev. Mr. Halliwell, many years priest of the Roman Catholic con. gregation at GreystocR-Mr. Heary Thomp- Cumberland and Westinoreland—VYorkshire: John Morland, 64.— _ [Feb. Ty son, 81.—Mr. John Huddart;, 97.—Miss Grace Hall.—-Mr. Thomas Broadfoot, 28. — Miss Mary Wilson, 25.—Mrs. Susannaly Thomlinson, 75.—Mr. John Sowerby.—Mz. Thomas Hutton, 71.—Mrs. Mary Batey.— Mrs, Mary. Armstrong. nishgaale ® At Dykesfield, near Longburgh, William Matthews, esq. 53. At Peterill Bank, near Carlisle, Mrs. Thomlinson, 99. At Youlick Hill, Mrs. Sarah Gill, 85. At Milltown Mill, Emma, wife of Mr. William Sanderson. ¥ At Kirkoswald, Mr. Joseph Stevenson, 76. . At Shap, Westmoreland, Mr. Richard Walker, carrier between Kendal and Pen- rith. At Burton, im Kendal, Thomas Still, esq. one of the magistrates for Westmoreland, 82: - At Kendal, Mr. John Macgowan, 45.— Mr. Jonathan Wearing, of the Nag’s Head Inn, At Stainton, Mr, Richard Nelson, 82. At Workington, Mr. John Sewell, 53.—< Miss Jané Walker, a maiden lady, 93.—-Mrs. Martha Nelson, 66: ; ad At Harrowthwaite, Mrs. Ruth Hodgson. At Tarns, in Abbey Holm, Mr, Joseph: Holliday, jun. 32. . At Douglas, Isle of Man, Mr, Leonaré Baxter, 93. At Ramsay, Iste of Man, Mr. Charles Frissell, second son of the late John F. esq. 56. ; At Kirkby Lonsdale,;Mr. Greenwood, many yeats clerk of that parish. YORKSHIRE, About eight o’clock in the evening of Christmas day, the neighbourhood of Leeds was visited by a severe storm of hail, loud peals of thunder, and vivid flashes of light- ning. The house of Mrs. Waddington, of Wither, near Kirkstall, suffered much from the fury of the storm; and two of her daugh- ters were so affected by the lightning that, they have been under medical car¢——one of them, who was in.the kitchen, being struck by the electric-fluid, appeared for some time lifeless ; the other, who wasup stairs, was stricken less severely, but, either from alarm or its effects, fell down stairs, and was much hurt. Mrs, Waddington, her son, anda young lady, had a most miraculous escape. They were sitting in the parlour, where the electric fluid passed with such force, that it struck out the candle, and the fire from the’ grate 5 without, however, injuring any of them. - Married.| At Whitby, Richard Moorsony esq- one of the magistrates for the North Ri- ding, to Miss Craig. 7 The Rev. Mr, Jennings, of Boroughbridge, to Miss Wright, of Thorpe Arch. At Hull, Mr, Adam Heidlaw, surgeon. of his Majesty’s_ brig Prince William, to Miss Ann Marwin, daughter of the late Captain M. of Grimsby,-Mr. John Johnson, of Wel= ton, tg Mrs. Hodgson, widaw of Edward H. ; 83 ; ila abiditl qsit.J 'esq.—Captain John Reed, of the ship Min- strel, to Miss Jane Hodgson.—Mr. Snowden, “master of the Mercantile Academy, to Anne, only daughter of the late Captain William Syme, R.N.—Mr. F. W, Featherstone, sur- geon, to Miss Eliz. Corlass, daughter of Wil- ‘iam C, esq. ‘ ; At Nafferton, Henry Boynton, esq. to Miss Grey. , Robert Layton, esq. late of the 34th regi- ment, to Miss Rennards, of Fulford, near “York. At Conisbro’, Mr. Thomas Roberts, of Swigethorpe, Lincolnshire, to Ann, youngest daughter of the late Thomas Gillott, of Ed- lington, esq. , - At Wickersley, near Rotherham, Joha Didsbury, esq. of Dalton, to Miss Fisher. At Kirbymoorside, the Rev. M. A. Mack- _ereth, to Miss Roberts, daughter of the Rev. Mr. R. At Halifax, Mr. Cadney, attorney, to Alice, only daughter of the late Tille Orme- . od, esq. . At Leeds, Lientenant~colonel Marriot, of the Madras army, to Ann, youngest daughter of John Becket, esq. of Meanwood. ‘ Died.| At Whitby, Mr. Richard Watkins, 855 and inthe same house, nearly at the Same instant, his son, Mr. WilliamW. author _ of the Fall of Carthage, the Whitby Spy, and other ingenious performances.—Mr. An- thony Watson. On the breaking out of the _ American war, he was taken in his_own “sessel, the Thomas ard Elizabeth, off the Naze of Norway, on his ‘return from the Baltic, being the first vessel captured after’ ‘the commencement of hostilities. While many were of opinion the disputes between the colonies and the parent state would not proceed to extremities, the privateer in “guestion, sailigg round the north of Ireland, suddenly made her appearance in the North * Sea, and did considerable injury to our trade in that quarter, before effectual measures ‘could be adopted for its protection. Mr. _ ‘Warson having had no apprehension of hos- tilities at the time of his sailing, had not made any insurance from the enemy, by which “he lost the whole of his property. '_ At Ruswarp, near Whitby, Mr. Benjamin “Gowland, formerly commander of the Cover- ‘dale, East Indiaman. At Bessingby, near Bridlington, Mr. * Ezard, 85." . ie __ At Woodhouse, near Huddersfield, John Whitacre, esq. Ac Thorne, Mrs, Fretwell, wife of Mr. F, attorney. . “At Westbourn House, near Sheffield, Mr. "J. R. Thurgar, attorney, ; At Beverley, Mr. Peter Denton, 55. At Cottingham, Mrs. Jane Stather, 74. _At Kayingham, Mr. Jeremiah Matchin, ‘i bh At Bridlington, Mr. Robert Vickerman, Lancashire. 83 At Helperby, William Clough, esq. 77. At Marston, near York, Mrs. Jane Acombe. At Newstiolime, near Howden, Mr. Craven, 80. At Easington, in Holdetness, Mr. Stark. At Melfonby, Mrs. Hobson, relict of Mr. George H. of Middleham, surgeon, 69. At Upper House, near Bradford, Mr. John Robinson. y At Everingham, the Rev. Thomas Gur- nall, 67. : At York, Mrs. Pearson, of the Red Lion Inn, 64.—-Mr. William Clark, 47.—Mr. Ely Woolstenholme, 86.—Mrs. Wand.—Mr. George Cobh, 49.—Mr. John Faller, a debtor in York Castle, Jate of Stokesley, 64 —Mr. John Spencer, 76. At Doncaster, Mr. George Crookes, 42.— Inthe 86th year df his age, Mr. Alderman Halifax, a justice of the peace ‘for that boe rough, and the oldest member of the corpo- ration. He served the office of mayor twice, Wiz. in 1775 and 1791. At Leeds, Mr. George Rayson, druggist. At Sheffield, Mr. William Wood.—Mr. * William Brailsford, 36.—Mrs. Hotham, wife of Mr. H. jun. Mrs. Brooke. —Mr. Matthew Lonsdale.—-Mrs.- ‘Martha TTaylor.—-Mrs. Wright/—Mr. Luke Cadman, jun. 23. At Hull, Mrs. Antonie, wife of Captain A. —Mr. Richard Stainton, 38.—Mr. Joha Terty, 73—:Mr. Smithson, 62.—Mr. Joha Clarkson, 39. LANCASHIRE. At the collegiate church, Manchester, in fhe course of the last year, there were 2755 “children christened, 1220 marriages, and 762 burials, Married.] At Lancaster, Mr. Rich. Maw- son, to Mrs. Hodgson, of the New Inn. At Liverpool, JohnWright, esq. to Frances, daughter of Wm. Roe, esq.— Mr. T. Wood- house, to Mary, daughter of R, Salisbury, esq.—First Lieutenant joha Trevannion Car dew, of the royal marines, to Miss F. P. Tree gent, youngest daughter of Captain T, of the same corps. At Blackbarn, Henry Chritchley, esq. of Macclesfield, to Miss Turner, enly daughter of Robert T. esq. of Mitl-hill, near Biack- burn. ; At Bolton-le-Moors, Mr. William Walker, of Ambleside; Westmoreland, to Miss Mara garet Makinson, of Blackrod. At Bevington, Captain Thomas Guyle, of the schooner White, to Miss Alice Calf. Died.| At Ulverston, Mrs. Frances Towers, mother of Richard ‘I’. esq. of Duddon Grove, Cumberland, 77. At Lancaster, Mr. Thomas Woon, post- master, 46.—Mrs. Ball, 90. At Wigan, the Rey. John Crowdson, mie nister of Hindley chapel, and master of the free grammar school, Wigan, "At Blackburn, Mr. Robert Cross, post- master, 42, ~ ery At Kirkdale Mr. Jolin Woods, many yea mastrg er 8a Cheshire— Derbyshire—Nottinghamshire. master of a vessel in the West India trade, from Liverpool, At West Derby, Mrs. Atherton, 78. At Heaton Norris, Mrs. Goolden, relict of Mr. James G. 66. At Pile Poudrey, where his vessel has been obliged to put in by contrary winds, Captain Nias Blake, of the Alexander, of Liver- pool. At Everton, Mr. Thomas Wiatt, attorney. At Sephton, John Whitehouse, esq. of Bar- badoes, 29. At Edgehill, Mrs. Norris, 72. At Hawarden, Mr. Wright, 86. At Preston, Mrs. Meadows. _At Turton, near Bolton, Mr. Haworth, solicitor, 61. At Liverpool, Mr, James Greetham, 85.— Miss Elizabeth Brown, 40. — Mr. William Blackburn, 48.—.sMr. Edward Grayson, 20. ——Dr. John Lyon.—Mrs, Mary Evans, 61.— Mr. Joseph Henderson, 31.—Miss Lucy Mac ‘Munn, 38.—Mr. William Inch, 39.—Mr. Alexander Maxwell, 43.—Mrs. Clarke, wife of James C, esq, of London.--Mrs. Eliz. Muncaster, §0.—Mr. W. M. Bedderd, of the Custom-house, 42.—-Mr. William Musgrove, D9.—Mr, John Taylor, 37.—Mr. Edward Blount.—-My. John Kaye, 75.—Mrs. Mani- fold.—-Miss Buntze, of Whitehaven. CHESHIRE. : On Saturday, December 29; the Hoylake life-boat, in attempting to succour and re= lieve the people on board the ship Traveller, driven on shore in the Mersey, was over- whelmed in a dreadful sea, and eight out of ten of her crew were unfortunately drowned. ‘The bodies were all found the same day, and Carried to their respective homes, where the Scene of piercing misery defies expression. The deceased were all near neighbours, and lived in a small village called the Hoose, near Hoylake, in the most brotherly kindness ; ‘these brave fellows were the flower of the Hoylake fishermen, and had always displayed the greatest promptitude and alacrity in assist- ing vessels in distress. ‘They have left large families totally unprovided for. Married.} Meyrick Bankes, esq. of Win- stanlgy-hall, Lancashire, to Maria Elizabeth Brooke, eldest daughter of Thomas Langford B. esq. of Mere-hall. At Gresford, Mr. John Reece, of Moorside, to Miss Done, eldest daughter of Mr. D. of Burton- hall. ; At Chester, George Holland, esq. of Liver- pool, to Miss Sarah Nicholls, daughter of Mr. John N.—Mr. John Hicks, surgeon, of Liver- pool, to Miss Bennett, daughter of Mr. Tho. Mosley B. of the same town. At Eastham, Mr, William Knowles, of Capenhurst, to Miss Ann Woodside. At Davenham, Mr. Peter Bancroft, to Mrs. Carter, of Shipbrooke-hill. At Runcorn, Samuel Ignett, esq. of Hon- son, to Miss Barkes, only daughter of Mr. William B. of Weston, Ae: : [Feb. 1, ; Died.} At Bramhall, Martha, wife of William Davenport, esq. 63. At Holt, Mr. John Palm, master of the free grammar school in that town upwards of 49 years, 75.—Mrs. Holt, relict of Mr. H. of Chorton. At Chester, on her birth-day, Mrs. Braith- waite, wife of Mr. John B, methodist mi- nister, 39. . At Thornton in the Moors, Elizabeth, wife of Mr. Paul Parry, 32. At Frodsham, Mr. Hugh Brundreth, achool- master, 86. : ' At Northwich, Mrs. Hyde, 68. At the Rake, near Chester, Mr. Charles Grace, 65. At Flookersbrooke, Mrs. Mason. At Winnjngton-hill, Northwich, Mr. Geo. Jackson: DERBYSHIRE. : Married.} At Derby, Thomas Kirkpatrick Hall, esq. of Hollybush, Staffordshire, to Eliza, daughter of Jolin Crompton, ¢sq.<— John Bell, esq. of Whitgift, to Miss Wall, of Little Eaton. At Staveley, Mr. John Birks, of Brampton en le Morthen, Yorkshire, to Miss Buckley, of Staveley Forge. Died.) At Sudbury-hal], Mr. Hall, parke keeper to Lord Vernon, At Derby, Mrs. Simpson. At Wingerworth, Mrs. Green, relict of Mr. Matthew G. NOTTINGHAMSHIRE. Married.} At Lenton, the Rev. Thomaq Cursham, of Mansfield, to Sabina, youngest daughter of Mr. Stretton, of Lenton Priory. At Nottingham, Mr. S. Heyrick, to Misa Tutin.—Mr. Blagrove, to Miss Eleanor Moss. At Mansfield, Mr. William Smith, of Ches- terfield, to Miss Mary Leverton. At Newark, Mr. Thomas Dalton, to Mis | Mary West,—Mr. Dakin, of Manchestery. to Miss Fisher, daughtey of Mr. John F. of Cote ton, near Newark. : Died.| At Spratting-place, Mrs. Twining, wife of Thomas T, esq. of the Bengal esta~ blishment, 21. At Retford, Thomas Turnell, esq. 73. At East Retford, Mr. Matthew Hobson, of the Black Bull, 75, At Newark, Mr. Henry Clark, son of Mrs, C. of the Castle and Falcon inn.—Mrs. New- gam, wife of Mr. John N.—Mr. Rob. Long. At Nattinglham,. Mr. Cook.—Mr. Charles Lawrence.—-Mrs, Gilchrist, wife of Mr. Rob. G.—Mr. Edward Stevenson, 79.—-Mr. Wim, Marriott. At Upton; Mrs. Gelsthorpe, 50. ; At South Gillingham, Mrs. Watkinson. Mr. Henry Huskisson, more than thirty years a faithful servant to the Rev. Edw. Gregory, rector of Langor, near Bingham, 47. : At Screveton, near “Bingham, Mr. John Flinders, more than forty years parish clesk of that village, 78. At Binghain, Mrs. Jebb, 50. 4 At 1611.) At Trowell, Lieut. Parkyns, R.N. nephew to Admiral Sir { B, Warren, bart. At Snenton, Mr. Richard Hepcroft, 54, At Sandiacre, Mr. Stevens, 71. At Standard-hill, near Nottingham, Mr. J. W. Heath, son of Mr. Joseph H. He was trying the strength of the ice ona fish- pond, which broke with his weight, and he was drowned, LINCOLNSHIRE. . The number of marriages registered in Boston church, in the year 1810, is 98; of baptisms 339; and of burjals, 302, There have been also 16 persons buried inthe ground attached to the dissenters’ chapel. At a meeting of the commissioners of the Forty-foot Drain, held at Donington, for the purpose of taking into consideration the pro- posal made by the promoters of an intended canal between Stamford and Boston; the pra- position of rendering the Forty-foot servicea- ble to the junction projected was acceded to; but the commissioners refused the application to allow the new cut from Stamford to fall into their canal at the point proposed by Mr. Telford ; declaring that they would not suffer a junction to be formed between the new cut and the Forty-foot at a greater distance from the outfall than Hale Fen. ' At a late common hall of the corporation af Stamford, a petition respecting the ap- ‘pointment of a new place for holding the » corn market, was taken into consideration. The petition recommended the area under the ote the new shambles, as a space pre- erable to the present market-hill, as it was under shelter, was large enough for the pur- ‘poses of the-market, and had several recesses or boxes, which would be conyenient to many persons, and be rented on terms of profit to the corporation, After some discussion, the question of the petition was put to the vote, and negatived. The corporation, however, desirous of doing all in their power for the Feasonable accemmodation of those frequent- ing the market, immediately entered into a Subscription among themselves (individually ) for erecting a colonnade, or covering of some Sort, over the market-hill, to obviate the anconvenience at preseat complained of, The Angel,Inn, at Grantham, in this founty, is subject to a rent charge of forty shillings, for a sermon against drunkenness, on the bequest of a Mr. Solomon, who “ looked upon that sin to be the inlet to almost’all ethers.” A party of 13 persons lately assembled at the dwelling-house of a person named Vel- dum, (an overlooker on the farm of Mr. Balthorp, of Gosberton,) to spend a Christ- Mas evening, and to partake of the cheer incident tothe killing of a large pig. he Mother of Vellum had prepared some yule fakes, of which the party partoole freely at tea. In ashort time they all complained of being ill; and it was discovered that, in Peking the cakes, Mrs. Vellum had mixed Lincolnshivre—Leicestershire, 85 up with her paste a plateful of what she took to be simple flour, which she found on a shelf, but which her son declared to have been prin- cipally white mercury, mixed fer sowing with wheat, on his master’s land. Their horror may be faintly conceived, Despair seized them all ; and mental anguish adding to their bodily suffering, they Jay down about the house, 2@ they believed, todie. Medical assistance being procured,however, their lives were preserved, with the exception of one person whom the surgeon found dead ; but it is expected to be some years before the others perfectly reco~ ver from the effects of the poison. Married.) At Upton, near Gainsboroughg Mi. Walkex, master of the free grammar school at Sowerby, near Halifax, to Mrs¢ Leonard. At Lincoln, Mr. Cropper, of Laceby, to Miss Hare, daughter of Capt. H. At Elsthorpe, near Bourn, Mr. D. Edgson, of Stamford, to Miss Lucas, daughter of Lieut. L. of the South Lincoln militia. At Epworth, in the Isle of Axholme, Mr. West Brotherton, of Belton, to Miss Marga tet Heaton, daughter of Robert H. gent. Died.] At Lincoln, Mr. J. Hescott.—Anng daughter of Mr. Alderman Straw.—- Mr. Coole ing, son of the late Mr. Thomas C.—Mrs. Smith, mother of Mr, Joseph Smith, of the Royal Qak inn, 82. At Gainsborough, Henry, third son of John Garfit, esq, At Harlaxton, Mr. Garner, 79. At Friskney, Mrs. Addison.-—Mrs. Parker, At Stickney, Mrs. Wells. At Toynton St, Peter’s, the eldest son of Mr. Cildon Wilson, 16.—Mr. Wm. Cardona. —Mrs. Pearson. At Revesby, Mr. Charles Sharpe, 83. At Alford, Mr. Emerson, 65, At Louth, Mr. William Duty, 66. At Corby, Mr. Ant. Collingwood, sen, 80. At Growland Abbey, Robert Lincoln, esq. of Lamb’s-conduit-street, London, 55. At Ivy House, near Coningsby, Mrs. Rich ardson, 71. At Tetford, Mr. William Spiking, 28. At South Collingham, Mrs. Watkinson. | At Horncastle, Mr. George Walker. At Mavis Enderby, Mr. Thomas Cuo!t, parish-clerk more than forty years. At Stamford, Mrs. Carby, 64. At Holme-hall, near Brigg, Jobn Morleyy esq, 695. ; LEICKSTERSHIRE. At the general assembly of che company oF proprietors of the navigation from Luughbo- rough to Lejcester, held at the Three Crowns inn, in Leicester, it was resolyed, that the company should give their active support te the Harborough and Stamford canal bill in parliament, and that the chairman of the mecting should apply tu the lord-lieutenant of the county of Leicester, and to the noble- men and members of the House of Commons sonnected with Leicestgrshirc, and also to the 86 the mayor and corporation of Leicester, for their support of the above measure. Marvied.| At Leicester, Mr. Greenwood, to Miss Gregory. At Norton, near Gautby, Lawrence Win: sor, a noted fiddler, and itinerant brazier, and ebief of a gang of gypsies, aged 86, to Jo- hanna Skelton, of Coaton inthe Elms, aged 22, sg ; te Theddingworth, Mr, W. Dean, of Bir- amingham, to Jane, daughter of Mr. Robert Hayes. Jesse Gregson, esq. of Hawkhurst, Kent, to Catherine, eldest daughter of Henry Shut- tleworth, esq. of Great Bowden. , cet At oe William Chandler, as Kirby Mallory, John Robinson, la- bourer, in his 107th year. At Leicester, Mr. Clarke, of Castle Do- nington, 85.—Mrs. Robinson.—-Mr. Stephen Hewins, of the White Bear, 55. — John George, son of Mr. Woodward, dwiggist. At. Hinckley, Mr. Luke Wright, 63. He formerly took a very active part in instruct- ing the church choir, and though by no means eminent as a performer, was well acquainted with the theory of music. As a composer, he was not below mediocrity, but never pub- lished any of his productions, though they seldom failed to give satisfaction to an au- dience. ‘His anthems, &c. are strictly ac- cording to the rules of composition, and prove their author to have possessed both ingenuity and fertility of imagination. At Thornton, Mr. Robert Buckby, 62. At Thurmaston, Mr. Tho. Jolinson, 42. At Lubbesthorpe, Miss Burgess, daughter of Mr. George B. 16. : STAFFORDSHIRE, Morvied.} At Clifton, Mr. John Goodwin, of Clifton’ Mill, to Miss Bates. At Walsall, Mr. Thomas Doveridge nobel near Walsall, Baildon, of Coventry. ~ At Handsworth, Mr. Simon Wood, of Bloxwich, to Misa Bradbury, of Walsall. ‘At Bilston, Mr. King, of Lichfield, to Miss Eliz>beth Cope, of Longdon. At~ Wolverhampton, Mr. P. Kendrick, aged 77, veterinary surgeon, of Wednesbury, “to Miss Ann Salopian, aged 80. At Newcastle, Mr. G. Peak, Wood. At Stafford, Mr. William Coleman,, of Newport, Salop, to Jane, second danghter of Mr. John Bromley. Dicd.] -At Tamworth, Mr. Waltire, a celebrated avers on natural philosophy, éhemistry, & At Clayton, near Newcastle, Mrs. Shrig- jey. "At Burslem, Mrs. Cartledge, 26. At Great Bloxwich, Mr. Whitmore, At the Wergs, _jobn Fleming, gent. 71. At Lane Eng; 2 Mic. deans aig Pm oY Roy) icy. Orton, of to Miss to Miss Stafford—Warwick—~Shropshire. [Feb. a . At Cooksland, < Cheadle, 84. , At Lichfield, . Alderman Sandles. uw John Deakin, “ee “high bailiff of the city. —Miss Gill, sister of Mr. Alderman G: At Wolverhampton; Mr. J. Highfield, 84 5 and a few days afterwards; at Bilston, his brother, Mr. W. Highfield, 80.—Mrs, oem nolds, 80.—Mrs. E. Sillitoe. At Handsworth, | Captain - W. Greeny R. N, 46. At Walsall, Mr. Timothy Cooper, 55. —Mr. Semuel Sharratt, jan. 20. At Great Barr, the Rev. ae Blacke ham. WARWICKSHIRE. Marsied.] At Birmingham, the Rev. Fre- deric Gardiner, to Frances Ann, eldest daugh- ter of the late Joseph Snow, esq. of Banbury. —Mr. §. Wiggin, to Miss Jane Bowrings both of Stafford. Mr. Thomas Capner, to Miss Turtle, of Hinckley, Leicestershire.— Mr. Davies, surgeon, of Coleshill, to Miss J. Warneford, youngest daughter of the Rev. Mr wW. At Dadley, Mr. Thomas —* to’ Mrs. Elizabeth Barke. At Edgbaston, Mr. James James,” to Miss Hill, both of Birmingham, At Harborne, Mr. W. Hackett, to Miss Elizabeth Onions, of Birmingham: At Coventry, Mr. Thomas Wilson, te Mrs. Arnold.—Mr, Thomas: Oldenshaw, of Lemington Priors, to Miss Elizabeth Watson. Died. | Suddenly, as he was returning homé from duty at Rayton, the Rey. Charles or wyn, of Wolston, 77, At King's Heath, near Birmingham, Thos mas Gem, esq. formerly an eminent attorney of that town, 65. At Coventry, Thomas Ewbank, esq: 48: —~ Henry, eldest son of Bradford. Wilmer, esq: At Birmingham, Mr. John Forster.—-Mise Abney.—Mrs. Diana Barker, relict of Mr, Joseph B. an eminent surgeon of this town, 77.—Georgiana, second daughter of Mr..R. W. Gem, atterney.—Mrs. ‘Martha Brown, 57.—William, son of Mr. Benson.—Francis Millard, gent.—Elizabeth, wife of Mr. David Prowett, 44; and afew days afterwards, her father, Mr. John Lowe, 84.—-+Mr. Thomas Hicks, SHROPSHIRE. | : The following premiums are proposed to be given at the next July meeting of the Shropshire Agricultural Society, which wild be held at the Lion Inn, Shrewsbury, on Friday, the 19th-ofthat month. Arpiece of plate, value ten guineas, for the best one-year -old short-woolled rami, béing in the owner’s possession six months before it is shewnj— a piece of plate, value ten guineas, for the best two-year old short-woolled ram under the like conditions ;—a piece of plate, value ten guineas, for the best one-year old long- wooulled ram, under the like conditions ;—= a piece of plate, value ten guineas, for the ines two year old long-woolled ram, under the wey the like conditions s-«a piece of plate, value seven guineas, for the best penn of three short- woolled theaves, under the like conditions ;— a piece of plate, value seven guineas, for the best penn of three long-woolled theaves, un- der the like conditions ;—a piece of plate, value seven guineas, for the best penn of three one-year old short-woolled wethers, under the like conditions ;—a piece of plate, value seven guineas, for the best penn of three two- tic old short-weolled wethers, under the ike conditions ;—a piece of plate value seven “guineas, for the best penn of, three one-year old long. woolied wethers, under the like _Gonditions ; —a piece of plate, value seven guineas, for the best penn of three two year eld long-woolled wethers, under the like conditions ;—a piece of plate, value ten gui- neas, for the hest pair of one-year old heifersy. under the like conditions ;—a piece of plate, value ten guineas, for the best pair of two- year old heifers, under the like conditions ;— a piece of plate, value ten guineas, for the best three-year old heifer, being in milk at the time of sbhewing, under the like condi- tions ;—a premium of ten guineas, to the person who shall invent or improve any im- plement of, husbandry, that shalJ, on trial, be foznd most useful in saving labour or ex. pence; simplicity and’cheapness of construc. ‘tion being deemed essential parts of its me- Tit. The same’ society’ also offers the fol- lowing premiums, besides others for servants, and laborers in husbandry, to be adjudged at the October meeting, 1811. A piece of plate, value ten guineas, for the best stallion’ for the general purposes of husbandry, to be used in the county of Salop, in the seasons of 1811 and 1812 ;—a piece of plate, value five guineas, for the best mare forthe general purposes of husbandry 3a piece of plate, Walue five guineas, for the best one-year old wolt, under the like conditions ;—a piece of late, value ten guineas, for the best bull, fet exceeding three years and a half old, to ¢ used in the county of Salop the next cea. ‘son ;——a piece of plate, value ten guineas for the hest team of four working oxen, not more than five years old, to be shewn in their gear- ing,and certificatesto be produced of the time such oxen have been on work ;—a piece of late, value fiye guineas, for the best byuar, © be used in the county of Salop the follow- ing year ;—a piece of plate, value three gui- Biv! for the® best SOW ;——a piece of, plate, aluetwenty guineas, to the person who shall : “have the best and cleanest crop of turnips, of y sort (not less than ten acres) in prapor- ‘ion to the quantity and quality of the land occupies j—a pitce of plate, value ten ineas, for’ the second best, under the like ; maior. Married.}’ At Newport, Mr. J. Belton, erof the Free ‘School, Church Stretton, to Miss Waring, only daughter of William -e At Wrockwardine, Mr. W. B. Cope, of aA Worcestershire. 87 Wrockwardine Weod, te Sarah, second daugh= ter of Mr. T. Willetts, of Stourbridge, Wor- cestershire. ' At Church ‘Stretton, Mr. Bromley, of Lowér Wood, to Miss Homes, of Leebot- wood. At Pontesbury, Mr, Samuel Malthy, of Nottingham, to Catherine, second daughter of the late John Nicolls, esq. of Newnhan. At Ellesmere, Mr. Show, of Knowlton, near Overton, to Miss Elizabeth Earsh, of Green Hill. ’ At Hales Owen, Mr. W. Martha, of Old» bury, to Miss Yardley, of Wednesbury. : At Whitchurch, Mr. J. Llewellyn, of Ale kington, to Miss Mary Allinson. Died.] At the Links, Mr. Meakin, 70. At Shrewsbury, Mr. John Hill, attorney. —Mr. Bowen.—Mr. Edward THomas. At Ellesmere, Mr. Richard Legh, many years the faithful steward of John Kynaston - Powell, esq. At Bridgnorth, Mr. Alderman Baker. At Oswestry, Mr. Thomas Owen. At Clive, near Grinshiil, Mr. J. Botas. At the Moss, near Donnington, Mr. James Clayton, 72. At Wilcot, Miss E. Rogers, At Wellimgton, Mrs. Ellis. . At Newpor’, Mrs. Marsh.—Mrs. Barlow of the Plume and Feathers, At Ludlow, Mr. Francis Massey, 67. © At Cound, Mrs. Hampton, 82. At Wern Weston, Mr. Duckett. At Pontesbury, Mr. Gittins. . Miss Langford, eldest daughter of the late R. Langford, ¢sq. of Ellesmere Grange. ‘At Mardol, Mr. Thomas Hall, of “the Sun Inn. WORCESTERSHIRE. Marvied.} At Claines, Mr. J. reine of Ww orcester, to Miss Gardner. Thomas Phillips, esq. of Campden, Glo- cestershire, to MissWlartha House, of Blocle- ley. Mr. E. Davies, of the East India Compa- ny’s setvice, to Charlotte Ann, only daughter of the-late Thomas Hurd, esq. of Hawford. At Worcester, Mr. Causer, to Miss Gittins —John Jukes, esq. of Birmingham, to Miss © Crooke. - At Hartlebury, T. Creek, esq. of Aston, Oxon, to Miss Prattenton. As Blockley, Thomas Phillips, esq- 4 Campden, Glocestershirey to Miss) Mastha Rouse. Died.] At Worcester, Mrs. Mary Powell, of Liverpool.—Mirs. Hunt, wife of Mr. R. A. bookseller.—Richard O?Farreil-Caddell, esq. formerly of Harbourstown, county of Meathy Ireland, 8%.—Mrs. Susanna Stafford.—Anny youngest daughter of the late Mr. Wheeler, apothecary:—-Mr, Mullings. At Shipston upon Stour Mr. T. Hodgkins, 67. At Field House, near Stourbridge, Mrs. Waldron, wife of Thomas W. esq. At 88 5 At the Noke, Martley, Slade Nash, esq. 9: At Lower Sapey, Mr. Shirley, father of the Rev, Mr. S. of Worcester, 64. At Hawford Hill, Mrs. Williams, wife of John W. esq. At Cleobury Mortimer, Mr. John Herbert. At Stourbridge, Mr. William Richards. At Lye, near Stourbridge, Mrs. Wood. At Droitwich, Robert Penrice, esq. At Dudley, Mr. Daniel Hughes, 34. HER EFORRSHIRE. Married} At Rosa, Mr. Lucas, to Miss Tbbs. The Rev: John Glasse, reetor of Pencombe in this county, to Mrs: Charleton, relict of Nicholas Lechmere C. esq. of Ludfotd Park, gear Ludlow. At Hereford, Mr. Mason, to Miss Thack- Ways Died.} At Leominster, Margaretta, youngest daughter of T. Coleman, esq. 20. — Mrs. Medlicott, 78.—Mrs, Toldervy.— Mrs. ‘Jones, 54.—Mrs. Fell, 67.—Mr. Aird, many years steward to Sir G. Cornewall, bart. Mr. Redge, muster of the band belonging to the 1st regiment of the local militia of this county. At Peterchurch, T. Delahay, esq. AtRoss, Mrs. Morgan.—Mr. John Jarvis. At Cockshort Lydiatt, Thomas Hunt, esq. Poe At Hereford, Mrs. Olivia Mainwaring, third daughter of the late Cavendish Tyrrel M. esq.—Mrs., Coyle, 92.—Mr, Davies, 64. Mr. Job Garstone, 78. At Wigmore, Mr. Oakley, 85. At the Bage, Fortune, third daughter of the late Jenkin Williams, 20. At Weobley, Mrs. Jones. Atthe Green, near Bromyard, Mrs. Mary YVarnold Hillier. GLOCESTERSHIRE. Married.} At Chelcenhum, Robert Rey- nard, esq. ot Leeds,tu Mrs. Metcalfe, relict of the late Rev. William M. rector of Cran- ham and Brinfield, and daughter of the late Nathaniel Wade, ecq. of Burley.—James Scott, esq. to Susan, eldest daughter of the late Gilbert Cowper, esq. of Wantage, Berks. Dizd.} Mr. Thomas Kidman.—Mrs, Se- mard.—Mrs. Basten. * at Birdlip, Mr. Charles Freeman, of the George Inn. At Rodborough, Mrs. M. Tanner. At Minsterworth, Mrs. Daniels. At Hempstead, Mrs. Sarah Lysons. The Rev, Charles Walker, rector of Slim- bridge, and a justice of the peace for this county. At Berkeley, Miss Marklove. At Dudbridge, Mra. Gardener, relict of hristopher G. esq. of Minchinhampton, 8+. At Newnham, Mr. John Baynham, 84, OXFORDSHAIRE- Married] At Clifton, J. Ty Gunning, Hereford—Glaucester-—Oxford— Hertford, Xe. (Feb: 1 > esq. barrister, to Miss Eliza Knight, niece of William Sellers, esq. banker of Blandford. — At Oxford, Mr. J. V. Harrison, of Wood- stock, to Miss Townsend, only daughter of the late Stephen T. esq. of Ifficy.—Mr, Wyatt, of Berkhamstead, Herts, to Miss Mary Chillingworth: : At Woodstock, Mr. George Dewsnap, to Miss Mary Ann Pates.- At Chadlington, Mr. Capel, to Miss Evans, ’ At Banbury, Mr. Joseph Graves to Miss FrancesClarke. At Iffey, Mr. James Heath, of Garson Farm, near Wallingford, to Sarah, daughtet ef Mrs. Allin, of Littlemore. Died.] At Sandford Park, Lieut. Colonel Samuel Cox, of the Bengal Establishment. Mrs. Haggit, wife of the Rev. Dr. Ha tector of Nuneham. At Banbury, George Frederic Leonard Ba- ron de Poley, a French emigrant nobleman, who by the revolution was reduced to the greatest poverty. At Stadham, Mrs. Webb, 72. At Botley Pound, near Oxford, Mrs. Par+ ker, 97. : At Henley-upon-Thames, H. W. Johnsong esq. of Hampstead, Middlesex. At Crowmarsh, Mr. Thomas Willsdony one of the common council of Oxford, 73. At Ewelm, Mrs. Heath, wife of Mr. James H. At Neithrop, Mr. Burborough. At Oxford, Mr. Frederic Rogers, formerly mace-bearer of this city, 73.—Mr, Joho Beckett, 69.—Eliza, third daughter of Mrs Smith, cook of Christ Church. ' HERTFORDSHIRE. Married.} At Rickmansworth, the Rev. Edward Aubery, rector of Clipsham, Rut- land, to Miss Williams, daughter of Robert W. esq. of Moor Park, and M. P. for Dor- chester. The Rev. J. R. Thackeray, rector of Downham Market, and vicar of Wiggenhall St. Mary-Magdalen, eldest g™ mer of the late William Franks, esq. of... \-hill. Died.] At Salisbury-hall, .fiss Snell, daughter of Wm, S. esq. ~~ + At Harpendon, the Kev. Dr. G. Knox. At Gosmore, near Hitchin, Mrs. Dove, relict of the Rev. Thomas D. late rector of Holwell, Beds. BEDFORDSHIRE. Died.] At Leighton Buzzard, John Owens Stubbe, M. D. 59. ; NORTHAMP TONSHIRE. Married.| At Peterborough, Mr. Daniel Webster, of Oundle, to Elizabeth, eldest daughter of Mr. ‘Thomas Mewburn of Borotghbury. \ At Walgravey Mr. Richards, of Higham Ferrars, to Miss Mabbutt, only daughter of Mr. William M. < Died.] At Oundle, Mrs. Sherard, relict of the Kev. Castel S. of Huntingdon. At Yarwell, Mrs, Bullocks sea. 70, &ét a | 7811.) At Arthingworth, Mrs. Roktby, wife of the Rev. Mr. L. rector of that place. HUNTINGDONSHIRE, Died.] At Huntingdon, while ona visit .to her friends, Mrs. Bell, of Chingford, Essex, ‘daughter of Matthew Consett, esq. of Guildford-street, London. CAMBRIDGESHBIRE. The subject of the Hulsean prize this “year is, ‘* A Dissertation on the Books of Origen against Celsus, with a view to illus- trate the argument and to point out the evi- dence they afford of the truth of Christi- anity.” Died.) Peache, . _ At Whittlesea, Edward Aveling, gent 67. _At French Drove, near Thorney, Mr. Hodson, _ At Westall Lodge, Mrs. Ruck, relict of George R. esq. of Swincomb. AtIsleham, James Moore, gent. 72. NORFOLK. : Married.) At Norwich, Lieut. Charles Pitt, R.N. to Matilda, only daughter of the late Sir G. Walcott, bart. J. Dearlove, esq. of Cuxeaton, Hants, to Matgaret, second daughter of Mr. Francis Holland, of South Lopham Hall. At Norwich, Captain D. Jones Skelton, of the royal artillery, to Miss Mary Ann Theld, At Newton, near Wisbech, Miss s) of Stoneham Aspal, Suffolk. —Mr, George Stacey, druggift, to Miss C. Harwood.— Samuel Smith, gent. of Heigham, to Mrs. _ Elizabeth Hancock. Died.] At Diss, the Rev. W. Manning, many years rector of that place, one of the commissioners of taxes for the hundred, and likewise rector of Gelderstone, in this eounty. Aged 58, Mr. Edward Castleton, the last ‘lineal descendant of Sir Edward Castleton, of Higham: the family and title are now extinct. He never assumed the title; “and for many years followed the employment of a breeches maker, in Lynn, but latterly lived ona small patrimonial inheritance. ; At Lakenham, Mr. John Eden, 96. At Thurning, Mr, Philip-Davis. At Saham, Mr. John Dutchman, 41. _ At Lynn, after a long and afflicting illness occasioned by sleeping in a damp bed, Mr. Samuel Kent, 33. At Lynn, Mr. John Emmett, 98, formerly an officer of excise at Wisbech, where he was interred by the side of his five wives.——Mrs. ewton, of the Star Inn.—Mr. William nham, 69. t At Yarmouth, Mr. L. B. Clarke, book- eller, 66,—Mrs, Errington, wife of Mr, ge . At Milcham, Mr. Thomas Beals, sen. _At Harleston, Miss Harriet Leatherdale, third daughter of the late Mr, L.—Robert Darby, gent. 77. “_ At Norwich, Miss Susan Taylor, a maiden lady, 75.—Mr. Henry Mountain, 80.—Mr, MonTuiy Mac. No. 209. Huntingdon—Cambridge—Norfolk. ° 83 B. Brown, 50.—Mrs. Elizabeth Hacon, 55. —Mr. Mark Osborn, 77.—Mr.-R. Sutton, 70.—Mr. James Gapp.—-Mrs. Bacon. At Foulsham, Mr. John Thompson, who practised upwards of thirty years in that town and neighbourhood. as a surgeon with great success. At Earsham, Joseph Windham, esq. F.R. and A.S.5. He was born August 21, 1739, at Twickenham, in the house since the resi- dence of Richard Owen Cambridge, esq* He was educated at Eton School, from which he went to Christ’s College, Cambridge, but took no degree. He returned from an exten- sive tour through France, Italy, Istria, and Switzerland, in 1769; and soon after married the Hon. Charlotte De Grey, sister to the Lord Walsingham; by whom he has left no issue. In all which is usually comprehended under the denomination of belles lettres, Mr. Windham may claini a place among the most learned men of his time. To an indee fatigable diligence in the pursuit of know- ledge, he joined a judgment clear, penetra= ting, and unbiassed, and a memory uncom- monly retentive and accurate. An ardent love for truth, a perfect freedom from pre- judice, jealousy, and affectation, an entire readiness to impart his varied and copious in- formatiow, united with a singular modesty and simplicity, marked his conversation and manners. Few men had a more critical knowledge of the Greek and Latin languiges, or a deeper feeling for the beauties of style and sentiment in the classic writers; but in his minute and comprehensive acquaintance with every thing in them illustrative of hu- man life and manners, especially all that relates to the Fine Arts, he scarcely had an equal. He knew not only whatever had been delivered by the writers who treat professedly on the subject, but had suffered nothing to escape him in those who have only inciden- tally mentioned facts connected with the his- tory of art; and, as it may be asserted with- Out exaggeration, that his studies had em-= braced every work now extant in the Greek and Latin tongues from the #ra of Homer te- the fall of Constantinople, his copiousness of information can scarcely be imagined but by those of his friends, who, by a similarity of pursuits, were led to confer with him on these subjects. The history of art in the middle ages, and every circumstance relative to the revival of literature and tlie arts, from the fourteenth century to the present time, were equally familiar to him} and his ace quaintance with the language of modern Italy was surpassed by few. He had very particu= larly studied the antiquities of his own coun= try, and was emineutly. skilled in the history, of English architecture. To all that books could supply, he added the fruits of extensive and accurate observation of every thing wore thy notice, as well during the course of his travels through France, Italy, Switzerland, and Istria, as in hi$ own country. His rs Clas 90 cil, as a drafisman from nature, was exqui- site. His portraits of mere natural scenery ‘were peculiarly spirited and free; and his drawings of architecture and antiquities most faithful and elegant. As his industry was indefatigable, his collection is very great, and “equally precious for accuracy and beauty. Dusing his residence at Rome, he studied and “measured the remains of ancient architecture ‘there, particularly the’baths, with a precision which would have done honour to the most able professional architect. His numerous plans and sections of them he gave to Mr. Ca- meron, and they are engraved in. his great > work on the Roman baths. To this work he »also furnished a very considerable and valu- “able part of the letter-press. He drew up “the greater portion of the letter-press of the Second volume of the Ionian Antiquities, pub- “lished by the Society of Dilettanti. And Mr. ‘Stuart recaived material assistance from him ‘in the second volume of his Athens. In his “own name he published very little. His ac- “curacy of mind rendered it difficult to him to “please himself; and, careless of the fame of an author, he was better content that his ‘friends should profit by his labours, than that “the public should know the superiority of his own acquirements. Mr, Windham haJ been long a Fellow of the Royal and Antiquarian Societies; andy in the latter, was for many years of the council, and one of the com- mittee for the publication of the Cathedrals fof England. He more than once declined the honourable office of vice president. Of the Society of Dilettanti he was one of the oldest “members; and to his zeal it was principally owing that the publications of that society were continued, after a suspension of many years. It may easily be supposed that the ‘ibrary of such a man was excellent. It is, in fact, for real use, one of the first collections in this country. Not a volume was bought by him on the mere account of its rarity ; but no price prevented his purchasing what was really useful; and the selection of edi- tions, and the beauty of the copies, is what might be expected from his correct and ele- gant taste. Though the severer sciences had not engaged so much of his attention, he was ‘not unacquainted with any of them. Natural history had been successfully studied by him. In private life, Mr. Windham was the most amiable of men. Benevolent, generous, cheerful, without caprice, above envy, his temper was the unclouded sunshine of virtue ‘and sense. If his extreme modesty and sim- plicity of character prevented his striking at the first acquaintance, every hour endeared him to those who had the happiness of his intimacy. In every relation of life he was exemplary. A kind husband, a firm friend, a generous landlord, an indulgent master, ‘fhe constant and anxious enquiries of his ‘poorer neighbours at his gate, during his iNl= “ness, ore the most affecting testimony to his ‘worth; and his memory 5 nooured by the Suffolk. [Feb te long and deep regrets of his equals—by th prayers and tears of the poor. : : SUFFOLK. _ Married.| At Botesdale, Mr. Robert Plum- ton, of Attlcburgh, to Miss Burroughs. At Halesworth, Mr. T. Tippell, to Miss Johnson; At Melton, Mr. Richard Oldham, to Mra. Johnstone. At Sudbury, Mr. Underwood, of London, to Miss Wyatt. At Ipswich, Mr. H. Aldrich, to Miss King.—Mr. Corder, to Miss Smith. At Ipswich, Mr. Alevander Christie, of th- Port packet, to Maria, daughter of Mr. Roe bert Cole.—Captain Marshall, R.N. to Miss Close, only daughter of the late Rev. Mr. C. —Frederic English, esq. of the royal engi- neers, to Miss Bleaden, daughter of Jshn B- esq. of Stoke hall. Died. At Bury, Mr. John Mills. For near twenty-nine years from my first coming to reside here, f have been acquainted with him. He was nocommon man. He was originally a barber and wig-maker; but for some years had left off business. With his twin brother, who died many years before him,.he had carried on that business at the end of the Haymarket toward Piccadilly. His integrity was unquestioned; and I know an extraordi- nary instance of generosity of sentiment and conduct in him and his brother. From very early life he became attached to experimental philosophy. He made exceedingly good ba- rometers and thermometers. He also made electric machines, and taught the use of the globes. When the balloons were first intro- duced, he turned his thoughts to that in- teresting discovery, and was very expert in. making and filling them. He was an accurate observer ; and one of the principal of the tran- sits of mereury, and two eclipses of the sun, the most considerable since I have lived here, we ohserved together at Troston. One of the two letters apprising me of the beautiful comet of 1807 (and which arrived here both together,) was from him. He was 76. He had read not very many books, but some of the best in the different branches of natural ~ philosophy. He had a most clear, strong, and acutely discriminating judgment, with an excellent memory. His mother died at more than the age of 90, I believe nearer 100. He was as excellent son, a good master, and a very steady friend. In-make and coun- tenance he was so like Mr. Thomas Warton, that the last engraving of that elegant scholar and highly interesting poet, by Schiavonetti, for Dr, Drake’s Essays, might be taken for a portrait of Mr. John Mills. But their genius had takena very different direction. Elegant literature, poetic taste and fancy, were the characteristics of the one; philosophic so- lidity and acuteness,a mechanical head, with great practical correctness, and powers of judgment and patient attention, which might have made an eminent mathematician, and did A 181.) did constitute a very respectable and extras ordinary man, characterized the other. Soon after the military depot was erected in the - Westgate-street, Bury, in which considerable quantities of gunpowder are of course lodged, he was the principal of three according to whose plans and suggestions general Robinson, who had the command of the district, ordered a conductor to be erected, for the security both of the magazine and of the town. It eught not to be omitted, that when the re. turn of the comet of 1661 was expected in the winter of 1789, he constructed an astro- nemical machine for representing its heleocen- tric and geocentric places, according to the time of the year when it should become vi- sible; with a scale of parts to measure its distance from the sun and earth, during the expected visible part of its orbit. Few per- sons who had paid any attention to experi- mental philosophy, ever visited Bury within these last twenty years or more, without cal- ling on Mr. Mills. No man could be more naturally unaffected and unassuming in his conversation: though not correct in his lan- guage, he had been too attentive to facts and experiments, for inferences.to be drawn from them, to find time for attaining to an equal exactness in words. He was exceedingly clear in his ideas. In politics he was a friend to peace, freedom, and humanity, to a reform in the representation, and to the abplition-of the slave trade. Tis imperfect and hasty sketch may seem to give some idea of a man whose memory well merits to be preserved, and who is among the examples what natural sevens and persevering application is capable of performing. —Cape/ Lofft. ‘At Ealing, Mrs. Trimmer, so universally and so justly celebrated and esteemed for her humerous and excellent publications, and in~ Gessant exertions in the cause of religion and humanity, and more especially by her endea- yours to secure tothe poor the blessing of a christian education. She was tht only daugh= ter of the late Joshua Kirby, esa. designer In perspective to their Majesties, and was born in Ipswich. | "At Bury, in his 89th year, George Prety- man, esq. one of the capital burgesses of the corporation of Bury, aud who twice served the office of alderman or chief ma- gistrate, viz. in the year 1773 and 1788. This venerable gentleman (who retained his faculties till w.thin a few weeks of his de- ease) was father to the present Lord Bishop of Lincoln, and was greatly esteemed for his cheerfulness of temper, by a numerous circle of friends, during a residence of nearly 70 years in the town of Bury.—Mr. Samuel Lambert, 90.—Miss Mary Hockley, a maiden lady, 86.—Mrs. Plaice, wife of Mr. P. for- merly of the King’s Head [nn. At Woodbridge, Mrs. Backett, wife of Wn, B. esq. and daughter of Wm. Norris, esq. of Ipswich. At Drinsktone, Mrs. Owén. Essex—K ent. “been discovered. 91 At Crandley Hall, Eye, Sarah, youngest daughter of Mr. T. French, 18. At Thurlow, Mrs. Gardner. At Benhall, Mrs. Orford, 52. At Lowestoft, Miss Lockwood, daughter of the Rev. Mr. L. vicar of that place, 11, At Denston, Mr, Richard Everard, 76. At Ipswich, Mrs. Ann Pilkington, relict of the Rev. James P. At Bawdsey, Mr. Thurston Whimper, of Alderton Hall. In consequenee of the hurri- cane that prevailed on the 10th of November, and the high tide that followed, a vessel had come on shore and was wrecked. About seven o'clock in the evening, Mr. W. and another gentleman, went down to the beach, for the purpose of rendering any assistance ia their power upon the occasion. Too much engaged by the humane object which they had in view, they remained on the shore till the tide, which was unusually high, came in, and, beating over the beach in a tremendous manner, and in some places making breaches in it, impeded their retreat. The other gen- tleman, by the strength and spirit of his herse, escaped, though very narrowly, with his life; but Mr. Whimper’s horse stumbled, and afterwards came down in one of the breaches, and dismounted him. Being un- able to swim, he could not reach the wall,, though at a few yards distamce only, bat was Jost between that and the beach; and thus fell asacrifice, in the prime of life, and full enjoyment of health, to the benevolent de- sign of affording aid to his fellow-creatures, suffering under the afflicting circumstances of shipwreck. His body was found next morning,, ESSEX. Married] At Ballingdon, Mr. David Ed-, wards, to Maria, second daughter of Mr. John Sparrow. Died.] At Stubbers, Wm. Russell, esq. 56. At Great Baddow, Matthew, eldest son of | the Rey. A. Longmore, vicar of that parish, 17. . KENT. December 14th, about six in the morning, in consequence of the late heavy falls of rain, a great part of the cliff at Dover, near Guild- ford Battery, gave way, and buried M.s. Poole, wife of the foreman of the orduauce carpenters, her five young children, and niece : these unfortunate persons were asleep in their beds when the accident happened, and had no opportunity to escape, as the crash was momentary. Mr. Poole was just leaving his house at the melancholy juncture, and escaped with life, though considerably bruised from the rolling of the stones. The’ bodies of Mrs. Poole and her children have been found, but that of her niece has not yet In the night between the V5cth and 16th, another tremendous fall took place in Snargate-street, where several houses sustained considerable injury, but no lives 92 lives were lost. The quantity of chalk de- tached in this second fall is computed at 1000 tons. These accidents have so alarmed the inhabitants of the town, that many of them quit their houses at night, lest they should by the repetitions of them suffer, which are apprehended. Married.} At Leybourne, the Rev. B. J. Bridges, rector of Saltwood, to Charlotte, third daughter of Sir H. Hawley, bart. of Leybourne Grange. At Dover, Capt. R. Gibbon, to Mrs. Hall. * Died.] At Hayes, Elizabeth, eldest daugh- terof John Bowdler, esq At Rochester, John Nicholson, esq. town- clerk of that ciey, 34.—— Ely, esq. At Lewisham, Thomas Russell, esq 37. At Sandwich, Robert Curling, esq. one of the jurats of ‘that corporation, 42.—Mr. G. Femple, 72., He dropped down suddenly in a fit, and immediately expired. At Bexley, Mrs. Leigh, wife of Richard L. esq. At May Place, Lady Fermanagh, 75. At Tenderden, Mir. Richard Finch, 68. At Stroud, T. Barrow, esq. * At Canterbury, Miss Mary Shrubsole, 27. Charles Orlando Gore, esq. eldest son of the late Charles G. esq. of Tring Park, Hert- fordshire, many years one of the representa- tives.in parliament for that county. At Brompton, Miss Elizabeth Whittle. At Sheerness, Mrs. Miller, 60. At Ramsgate, Mr, Francis Hills, master of the Resolution passage-vessel.—Rear-ad- miral Wm. Fox, 78, At Folkesténe, Mrs. Elizabeth Sanford, wife of Mr. Mark S. 48. : SURRY. Married.]|) At Epsom, Charles Pearson, jua. esq. of Greenwich, to Eliza, only daugh- ter of the late Colonel Hill, of the Royal Attillery. At Dorking, Mr. Smith, of Brightling, Sussex, te Miss Sarah Warmford. Died,} At Richmond, Mrs. Jane Joyce, 84. At Walworth, Mr. John Flint, 50. At Camberwell, Mr. Richard Ladyman, 81. At Mitcham, Mrs. Goodwin, 81. ' At Denmark Hill, Sarah, wife of Francis Paynter, esq. ; At Boxton, Mary Ann Noad, 102. SUSSEX. A vein of fine coal, of the kind called Kendal-coal, has been found on the banks of the stream diyiding Heathfield and Waldron parishes, in this county. The vein extends without interruption about a quarter of a mile in length, is in strata from two to ten inches thick, lies near the surface, at the bottom of Geer’s Wood, and on the skirts of Tidmoor, and is declared, by persons conversant in the trade, to have every favourable indication of , quantity and quality. Similar appearance of coa2] are founda in other parts of the above parishes. The very considerable encroachments of Surry—Susser— H. ampshires [Feb. 1, the sea on the road between Brighton and Rottingdean, have become a subject of dis- cussion with the town commissioners of the former: A committee has been appointed to survey the same, and report on the propriety of opening a new road, from the top of St. James’s-street, to pass behind the Crescent, and on the practicability of repairing and maintaining the present one. Married.| At Etchingham, the Rev. Jobp Lukin, rector of Nursling, Hants, and young- est son of the Dean of Wells, to Miss Gen- ner. At Peasmarsh, the Rev. Mr, Newling, Canon Residentiary of Lichfield, to Miss Let- tice, daughter of the Rev. Dr. L. Died.] At Brighton, L. Tessier, esq. Mr. T. Hicks.—Mr. Nye. At Lewes, Mrs. Cripps, mother of John Martin C, esq. of Stantons.—Mr. Phelan, 26. At Ewhurst, Leonora, eldest daughter of John Gladwin, esq. : At Chichester, John Legg, esq. a member of the corporation, 67. At Slaugham, Mr. Wm. Longhurst, 83. At Mexbeggar, near Rye, Mr. Joseph Haddock, 40. At Horsham, Mrs. Rickward, wife of Mr. Wm. R. jun. 23.—Mrs, Lee, wife af Mz. L, of the King’s Head Inn.—Mrs, Page. At Salehurst, John Pooke, esq. 92. At Mountfield, Mr. James Bourne, 75. At Cuckfield, on his way from Brighton to London, Anthony Henderson, esq. M.P. for Brackley. HAMPSHIRE. Married.] At Lymington, HenryCoombe, esq. of Caroline-street, Bedford-square, to Anne, second daughter of Charles St. Barbe, esq. At Newport, Isle of Wight, Ensign Charles White, of the 4th West India regiment, to Miss Hale, eldest daughter of Mr. H. of Glocester. ; At Pilewell House, C. Bodenham, esq. of Rotherwas, Herefordshire, to Eliza, fourth daughter of the late Thomas Weld, esq. of Lulworth Castle, Dorset. At Kingston, Lieut. J. W. Purchase, R.N, to Elizabeth Ann, daughter of Mr, Spencer Smyth, master in the Royal Navy, At Barton Stracey, William Allen, esq. of Newbury, Berks, to Miss Caroline Cheyney. Died.} At Southampton, James Taylor, esq. 67. At Alton, Matthew Blacket Wise, esq. of the Priory, Warwick. At Winchester, Mr, Wm. Taylor, one of the vergers of the cathedral——Mr. T, New- lyn, attorney. At Baughurst, Elizabeth Pouys, youngest daughter of John Ridout, esq. At Longmoor Farm, near Otterbourn, Mr, Andrew Smith. ; At Portsmouth, Mrs. Henry Phillips.—- Mrs. Lannam.—Mr. Powell, of the firm of Hurry and Powel.Lieut. Charles Cutes _ Ormsbury, ’ 1911.] Ormsbury, of H. M. S. Royal William.— Mrs. Atkins, cousin to Viscountess Hood.— On board the Chapman Transport in the har- bour, Dr. J. M‘Leod, one of the physicians on the staffof the British army in Portugal. At Andover, Mr. Charles Heath, many years a brewer and banker in that town: a man, in whom, to perseverance and success- ful industry, was combined unshaken inte- grity and universal philanthropy. At Millbrook, Mr. Thomas Clark, ‘and a few days afterwards his relict, Mrs. C. At Portsea, aged 73, William Bayly, esq. late first master of the Royal Academy, Portsmouth. He was a man of acknowledged abilities, possessing strong natural talents, anda large portion of scientific and acquired knowledge : as a mathematician and astrono- mer by profession, he was of considerable eminence, and highly esteemed by some of the first astronomers of the age. Other cir- cumstances of his life rendered him equally worthy of respect, having twice accompanied Captain Cook round the world, and shared his dangers, though he escaped the fate of that enterprising and celebrated navigator. He was born at Bishop Cairngns in Wiltshire, and in the early part of his life followed the pursuit of his father, who lived upon a small farm in that parish ; and, during this period, whilst in the capacity of his father’s plough- boy, he acquired from the exciseman of the neighbouring village, the rudiments of his Subsequent attainments. Having in this man- ner obtained a competent knowledge of arith- metic, and by his rapid progress evinced the abilities he possessed, throwgh the recommen- dation of Mr. Kingston, of Bath, by whom they were first noticed, he became at an early age usher of a school at Stoke near Clifton. After filling the situation of a mathematical teacher at another seminary for some time, he was made known to Dr. Maskelayne, the atsronomer royal at Greenwich, by whom he was engaged as an astronomical assistant. In 1769, under the patronage of Dr. Maskelayne, Mr, Bayly was sent outbythe Royal Society tothe north Cape, to observe the transit of Venus ; his account of which was subsequently published inthe Philosophical Transactions. In 1772, he was associated with Dr. Wallis as one of the astronomers to attend Captain Cook on his second voyage of discovery, to resolve the question concerning a southern con- tinent. And in 1776 again set out in the voyage which unfortunately terminated the Jaborious and useful life of that brave and excellent commander. After returning to England, having by the several voyages he had undertaken, rendered the mest essential tervices to his country and the world, in accurately determining the latitude and longitude of the several places discovered by his various surveys and astronomical obser- vations, Mr. Bayly was, in the year 1785, on the decease of Mr. Whitkell, appointed by the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, head master of the Royal Assademy at Wilts—Berks—Somersets 93 Portsmouth, which situation he held witt great creditto himself and equal advantage to the institution until the new establishment of the Royal Naval College in 1807, when his Majesty in council, in consideration of Mr. Bayly’s long, meritorious, and eminent services, granted him a handsome pension, on which he retired from public service. Off the Isle of Wight, Mr. Thomas Dwyer, of the commissariat department. He was on the eve of sailing to join the army in Portugal, when, returning from the Isle of Wight in a boat to join his ship off Cowes, the sail jibbed, and the boat most unfortunately upset, by which accident this gentleman perished inthe 25th year of his age. His various information, and excellent disposition, justly endeared him toan extensive circle of relations and friends by whom his loss will be long sincerely and deeply lamented. He was a son of the late Mr. Dennis Dwyer, of Stanmore, Middlesex. WILTSHIRE. Married] At Maddington, James Wick ens, esq. of the Inner Temple, to Anne, eldest daughter of John Hayter, esq. of Mad- dington House. At Staunton, St. Bernard, Thomas Whit- tard, esq. of Lincoln’s Ian, to Mrs. Lee, re- lict of George L. esq. Died.] At Salterton, Augustine Haytery esq. 82. At Heddington, ThomasMaundrell, esq 87. BERKSHIRE. © Married.] At Abingdon, the Rev. Wm. Price, rector of Coln St. Denys, to Miss Da- vies. At Reading, Thomas Roworth, esq: of Stratton-street, Piccadilly, to Mary Ann Ca- therine, second daughter of the Rey. Dr. Valpy. 3 Died-] At Windsor, J. B. Parkhurst, esq. The Rev. Thomas Pulton, rector of Hit- cham, Bucks, and vicar of Chattisham, Suf- folk, 73. At Reading, J. Goldwyer, esq of Bath, 74, SOMERSETSHIRE. Married | At Melbury, Sampford, C. Le- mon, esq. M.P. for Penryn, to Lady Char- lotte Strangeways, youngest daughter of the late Earl of Ilchester. At Bath, the Rey. Gilbert Holmes, dean of Ardfort, Ireland, to Lydia, eldest daughter of Francis Saunderson, esq. of Castle Saun- derson, county of Cavan.—Stephen Williams» esq. of Trowbridge, Wilts, to Anne, only daughter of the late John Rotton, esq. of Templebogue, Dublin,—David Campbell, esq. captain in the East India Company’s ser- vice, to Elizabeth, eldest daughter of Win. Ramsay, esq. lately of Jamaica. ¢ At Newton St. Loe, Wm. Augustus Dob- byn, esq. to Maria, daughter of the late Capt. Corneck. At Bristol, John Pearsall, esq. of Wills- bridge, to Frances, third daughter of Richard Highatt, esq. W. Westcote, esq. bairister of noel 4 M wns 94 Inn, to Miss Langdon, only daughter of the Rey. Mr. L. rector of Montacute. At Clifton, William Payne, esq. to Fanny, enly daughter of Robert Adair, esq. At East Pennard, Mr. Gawthorp, surgeon and: apothecary, of Bristol, to Catherine, youngest daughter of Wm. Phelps, esq. Died: } At Park Hill House, Clifton, Mrs, Panter, of Newent, Glocestershire. At Honey. Hall House, Congresbury, Miss M.. Knight, second daughter of John K. esq. At Bridgewater, Phabe, rélict of Mr. Jo- sith, Bryant, and only daughter of Capel Tripp, esq. of Shipton Mallett. At Butleigh Wootton, aged 103, Ann Gill, who retained her faculties nearly to the last. At Bath, Wm. Mure, esq. second son of the late Hutchinson M. esq. of Saxham, Suf- folk.— Mss. Aspinall, wife of John B. A. esq, of Liverpool. —Mrs. Colhoun, wife of €, esq.—Mrs. Davies, relict of Wm. D. esq. ef Combe Grove, 74.—Mrs. Hannah Gill, velict of Mr. David G, of Bristol, 85.—Mrs, Hole, relict of Wm. H. esq. banker, of Bris- rol, 74.—Mrs. Uhthoff, wife of Joshua U. e3q.—Mrs. Beresford, 84.—Mrs. Baldwell, @5.—Mrs. Saver, sister of the late Lady Deune, 79.—Ralph Brown Wylde Brown, esy. of Caughley, Shropshire.—Colonel Ar- chur Blennerhassett, of Arabella, county Kerry, where he possessed extensive influ- ence. He formerly commanded one of the Yrish Fencible regiments, and has been twice a representative for Kerry in the Irish parlia- ment.” By his death Arthur Blennerhassett, esq. of Elmgrove, near Tralee, receives an Encrease of fortune of 3000]. per annum. At Bristol, Mr. John Stephens, 76.—Miss cobs, grand-daughter of Mr. J. solicitor. At Clifton, Miss Maria Wilkinson. DORSETSHIRE. Married] At Dorchester, Mr. Churcher, ef the Victua)ling Office, Portsmouth, to Miss Lege. At Weymouth, Isaac Toogood Coward, esq. to Charlotte, daughter of the late Henry Wise, esq. of Caldicot, Monmouthshire. Died.| At Haydon, near Sherborne, Mrs. Preston, relict of Mr. Jaines P. At Charldon Herring, Mr. George White. At Dorchester, Mrs Barnard, DEVONSHIRE. The Duke of Bedford is building a most splendid cottage, for bis occasional residence, in the romantic neighbourhood of Milron Abbot, very near the Tamar, and not far dis- tant from Tavistock, to the no small gratifi- cation of his tenantry and the inhabitants around. ; Married.} At Sidmouth, Mr. Hayman, of Axminster, surgeon, to Miss Perham, eldest daughter of the late John P. esq. } At Exeter, Mr. Gain, veterinaty surgeon ef the Oth Light Dragoons, to Miss Brake.— Lieut. Samuel Greenway, R.N. to Miss Tucker, daughter of the late Mr. T. of Ho- piton. At Northam, Francis Stanfe], esq: captain Dorset—Devon— Cornwall. [Feb. 1, in the royal navy, to Elizabeth, second daughter of Robert Barton, esq. of Burrough. - House, and captain of H.M.S. York. Died.] At Torquay, Miss Pepper, only. daughter of Michael P. esq. of Bigod, Es~- sex, 26. ‘ At Totnes, Elizabeth, wife of Edward Howard, esq. youngest son of Henry H. esq. of Glossop, Derbyshire. At Exmouth, Charlotte, eldest daughter of the Rev. Thomas Holmes, of Bungay, Suf- folk, 17. At Budleigh, Mrs. Walkey, wife of Sa- muel W. esq. At Plymouth, Mr. Collins, superintending master at that port.—Mrs. Grigg, 95.—R. Birdwood, esq. an alderman of this corpora- tion. At Lympstone, the lady of Sir William Forbes, of Pitsligo, bart. Near Totnes, Mrs. Flemick, wife of the Rev. Mr. F. At Hill’s Court, near Exeter, Thomas Johnson, esq. 73. : At Ottery, St. Mary, Mrs. Smerdon, relict of the Rey. Fulwood S. vicar of that place. At Exeter, Mr. John Stone, the oldest tradesman in that city, 95.—Miss Patch. In his 60th year, at his house in Bedford Cir- cus, Bartholomew Parr, M D. Fellow of the Royal Societies of London and Edinburgh, and senior physician to the Devon and Exeter hospital. Dr. Parr was an eminent leader of the medical profession. His extended career | was brilliant and successful: acute in me- dical perception, decisive and correct in prace . tice; his active mind penetrated’ the hidden | recesses of science: his literary ardour sur- , passed the accustomed bounds of human in- dustry. Not only in anatomy and medicine, but in the studies of natural history, che- mistry, general literature, and criticism, his numerous publications decidedly confirm the fertility of his genius. In private life, his temper was conciliating, his deportment un- ostentatious : his professional humanity to the poor, gratuitous and unbounded. ‘Towards his medical competitors his conduct was un- deviatingly candid and liberal. His loss will be long and severely felt by those whom his judicious treatment has frequently raised from the bed of sickness, and who now live to de- plore the loss of a valued friend and a skilful medical practitioner. CORNWALL. Married] At St. Columb, Mr. Rose- warne, surgeon, of Wadebridge, to Miss Patty Hicks, sister of Capt. H. of the Cornish militia. At Falmouth, Mr. Green, methodist preacher, to Miss Leggo. The Rev. Canon Howell, of Gluvias, to Miss Richards, sister of Wm. R. esq. of Penryn. At Redruth, Mr. John Haye, of Haye, near Callington, to Miss Davey, eldest daugh~ ter of Capt. D. F Died.] At Falmouth, aged 35, Wm. Cam- acn eam ae aaa aaa a as . 18t1.] den Nield, esq. of Antigua, one of the King’s ' Counsel for the Leeward Islands, and son of James N. esq. of Chelsea,—Mrs. Cameron, “wife of Lieut. Col. C. of the 79th foot.—-Mr. John Tresidder, attorney, 57.—Mrs. Peniton, wife of Mr. P. of the Duke’s Head Inn.— Mr. Samuel Watson, 51.—-Mrs. Elizabeth ' Hancock, 60. At Penzance, Mrs. Elizabeth Honey- church, 100. At Padstow, Mrs. Peter, wife of Capt. * Joseph P. At Bodmin, Mrs. Bligh. At St. Columb, Mr. James Dennis, 88. At Stratton, Mr. Tuke, surgeon and apo- * thecary. __. At Flushing, Mrs. Stevens, widow of Capt. S. late of the Princess Amelia packet. At St. Ives, the Rey. L. Morgan, lecturer of that place. At Scilly, James Allen Gorse, esq. sur- geon of the quarantine establishment there. ~ At St. Erme, Miss Clavinia Trounce, niece to S. Jago, esq. At Bosvige, near Truro, aged 76, Mr. Gil- ‘bert Hele Chilcott. He had been the land- steward of Francis Gregor, esq. the late coun. "ty member, for upwards of twenty years, and ‘had filled the same situation to the present “Sir Christopher Hawkins, bart. his father, “and grandfather, for more than half acentury ; “the latter of whom appointed him one of the guardians of his infant children. In his cha- racter as agent he united a zeal the most fer- vent for the benefit of his principals, to an unwearied diligence and unsullied integrity. His merits will be inferred, on considering the length of his services, and the confidence reposed in him by his employers. At the Lodge, near Penzance, in her 70th year, Mrs. Catharine Tremenheer, relict of Mr. William T. of that town, who was a lineal descendant of the person that en- dowed that chapel, and one of the most an- ‘cient families of this county, the name being deducible frum the ‘Cornish language. She ‘was the daughter of the late Rev. Walter Borlase, L.L. D. of Castlehorneck, (elder bro- ther of the historian) and was nearly fifty years vicar of Penzance. She bore a painful illness with the same serenity, composure, and resignation to the will of the Almighty, that had conspicuously marked her ,character through a long life. Her piety was not a cold or a passive principle: not obtrusive, but zea- lous; not ostensive, but earnest: nor were other less important christian duties neglect- ed in the practice: a cheerful benignity shed a mild lustre over her character, giving a double value :o her acts of kindness to the poor, and the regret of a numerous circle of ‘relations, friends, and acquaintance, testify the warm regard in which she was held, by those who were most capable of appreciating her worth, and her virtues. She died sur- 3 “ Wales. 95 rounded by her numerous family, having re- tained her senses to the last; exerting them, while yet the lamp of life was glimmering, in blessing her children and in prayer, till it ceased, when it may be truly said she fell asleep in the Lord. ; WALES. A groat of Edward IV. a small crucifix, and the Virgin and Child, of a composition unknown, resembling plaster of Paris, but harder, were found a few days since, among the ruins of Oystermouth Castle, near Swan- sea. Onthe back of the crucifix were some characters in the form of the old Norman french. A signal station has lately been established at Holyiead, by several merchants of Liver- pool, through which will be communicated the earliest intelligence of their vessels having passed the Head, either outward,or homeward bound. The Rev. Edward Hughes, Caerwys, in Flintshire, and the Rev. Walter Davies, of Manafon, in Montgomeryshire, have each been presented with an elegant silver cup, .as a compliment for their poems on the Jubilee, recited at St. Asaph, on the- fourth of last June. Married.] At Llandilo-vawr, Wm. Tho- mas, esq. of Pentre-Parr, eldest son of D. Thomas, esq. of Glanrwth, to Miss Davies, only daughter of Mrs. D. of Love Lodge, near Llandilo. At St. Dogmels, Capt. Thomas Francis, of the brig Catherine, of Fishguard, to Miss Mary Edwards, of Pentood, Pembrokeshire. At Carmarthen, Mr. Jones, quarter-mas- ter in the 3d regiment Carmarthenshire Lo- cal Militia, to Miss Margaret Reynolds. At Carmarthen, Captain Howell, of Bryn- nevl, to Miss Aun Thomas. At Langattock, Crickhowell, Joseph Bai- ley, of Cyfarthfa, esq. to Maria, fourth daughter of Joseph Latham, esq. of Beaufort. At Swansea, William Edward Powell, esq. of Nanteos, Cardiganshire, to Laura Edwyna, eldest daughter of James Phelp, esq. of Cottrell House, Glamorganshire, and Coston House, Leicestershire. Died] At Landaff-Court, near Cardiff, Catherine Diana, wife of John Richards, esq. and second daughter of thg late Rebest Jones, of Fonmon Castle, esq Aged 77 years, the Rev. Robert. Rickards, vicar of Llantrissent, Glamorganshire, At Carmarthen, Mr. John Jones, clerk to Thomas Lewis, esq. solicitor Llans- pilo; which office he filled with scrupulous integrity.—-Mrs, Downes. At Dolvelly, the Rev. E. Vaughan Evans, curate of Meliden, near St. Asaph. At .Coalbrook, near Abergavenny, (the seat of his brother) William Ferdinand Hun- Bury Williams, esq. a gentieman universally beloved and respected, ear ey 96 Near Dale, Pembrokeshire, Miss Roch, of ~ Butte-hill. At Haverfordwest, Mr. Wm. Howell, linen and woollen draper.—Mr. James Evans, many years clerk of St. Mary’s. - Near Cardigan, Mrs. Elizabeth Evans, wife of Mr. David E, late of Llwyngrawis. At Llangefni, Anglesey, Mr. Richard Griffith ; he suddenly complained of a pain in his head, and in a very short period became a . corpse—an awful lesson on the uncertainty of human life. At Nant-yr-Hebog, near Carmarthen, Mr. David Thomas. Of Helygen-laes, Carmarthenshire, Mr. D. Davies. At Bangor, Mr. John Williams, upwards of 40 years one of the cathedral choristers. At Wrexham, Mr. T. Dod, of Iscoed Chapel. At Cardigan, Mrs. Elizabeth Lloyd, of the Post Office, sincerely regretted. At Swansea, William Jeffreys, esq. one of * his majesty’s justices of peace for the coun- ‘ties of Glamorgan and Brecon ; a deputy lieu- tenant of the former county, and the oldest alderman in the corporation of Swansea. He had thrice served the office of portreeve of that town.—Mrs. Hanson, 77.—Mr. Samuel Guy, landlord of that town. At Hafodynos, near Abergele, Nathaniel Jones, esq. At Dinas, in the parish of Llanwnda, Car- narvonshire, Mr. Morris Williams, 92. At Fron, inthe county of Flint, Elizabeth, wife of the Rev. R. Williams, 57. At Beaumaris, Mr. John Lloyd, hair-dres- ger,——-Mrs. Mary Roberts, shop-keeper. At Meillionydd, Catherine, wife of Mr. Thomas Rice, farmer, 76. At Llanvaughan, Cardigan, John Thomas, @sq. admiral of the white. At Perkins, near Penrice Castle, Glamor- gan, Joan Austin, 100. She enjoyed the perfect use of her faculties, and could card and spin till within a month of ber death. At Haverfordwest, Thomas Williams, esq. one of his Majesty’s justices of the peace for the county of Pembreke, and a common- councilman of the corporation of Haversord- west, 76. At Coedmore, near Cardigan, Thos. Lloyd, esq. 51. ‘ NORTH BRITAIN. An accident of the most distressing kind occurred on the i0th of November, at Pais- ley. Jeing the fair-day at that place, a great number of the inhabitants, chiefly young people, were eager to indulge themse!ves with an excursion in the passage-boat, which had a few days before begun to ply on the Ardros- san canal, between Paisley and Johnstone. On its arrival about noon at thé quay, in the basin of Paisley, before the passengers from Johnstone could be landed, those who were waiting to replace them crowded on board, North Britain. [Feb. 1, The boat stands high out of the water, and being thus over-loaded above, she heeled to one side, and precipitated all on deck, to the number of about 100, into the basin, which is 7 or 8 fathoms deep. Though every possi- ble assistance was immediately afforded, 84 persona perished ; of these, 12 were under 10 years of age; 56 from 10 to 20; and 17 above 20. . Such of the passengers who remained below in the cabin sustained no injury, the boat righting as soon as the crowd fell off. The affliction in which the whole town was involved by this calamity, may be more easily conceiyed than described. A subscrip- tion was set on foot for the relief of the fa- milies and relations of the sufferers, From a recent calculation it appears that there are 940 clergymen on the establishment of the church of Scotland, the patronage of whose livings belong.in mapner following :—< To the crown, 269—to peers, and their el- dest sons, S15%4—to commoners, 355%. Total 940. Of the last description, private proprietors have 282—Royal boroughs, in- cluding Paisley, (a borough of Regality) 53£—Colleges 9—patishes 11, Total 3555. The patronage of the Crown was much in- creased by forfeitures during the last century, particularly in 17155; that of peers and com- moners is more fluctuating, Commoners sometimes succeeding to patronages connected with extinct peerages, ‘and also being at other times created peers. = Married.| At Edinburgh, the Duke of Argyle, to Lady Paget, third daughter of the late Earl of Jersey; her marriage with Lord P, having been previously dissolved in the Scotch Courts. Her ladyship has ten chil- dren living by her divorced lord. Died.| At Edinburgh, Lord Cullen, one of the judges in the second division of the Court of Session, and one of the Lords of Justiciary. His lordship was eldest son of the celebrated Dr. William Cullen, He entered advocate in 1764, and was raised to the bench in November 1796, upon the death of Lora Alva. Lord Callen was a man of acknow- ledged talents, a sound lawyer, and was always conspicueus in professional argument 5 he had a great taste for polite literature, and his papers in the Mirror and Lounger evince the elegance of his pen. At Glasgow, on the 4th instant, in the 63d year of his age, Mr. John Reckie, teacher of the Greek and Latin languages. Though his whole life had been laboriously devoted to the instruction of youth in the principles of Greek and Roman literature, he yet found means to acquire a critical acquaintance with the ancient classics, and a profound knowledge of the structure of their lan- guages, which has not been surpassed im any period; andis perhaps without parallel in the present. A happy sagacity, aided by a memory uncommonly retentive, enabling his unwearied zeal to surmount many ob- : stacles 7 1sti.] ttacles which had baffled the most celebra- ted scholars ; and his numerous manuscripts display in every page, proofs of original and luminous investigation. Itis to be lamented as an irreparsble loss to the learned world, that these writings, rich in new views and’ illustrations of many of the most intricate and obscuré pages of antiquity, sacred and profane, should have been left by his death, in the state rather of desultory notes, than of com- mientariés fit for publication. Fis extensive library is composed chiefly of the ‘scarcest and most valuable editions of the classics, and is supposed to contain a colléction of Greek Grammarians, perhaps unequalled by any otherin the kingdom. His. vast erudition Was not encumbered, as we often see it, with ‘Pcdantic state and solemn ostentation ; on the contrary, he was characterized by a playful simplicity of manner, and a liberal disposition to communicate, in the planiest and most ex- Pressive, style, his stories of learning. His Jast illness was lingering and painful.—He bore it with the firmness of a philosopher, and eontemplated its issue with the pious re Gignation of a Christian. ete IRELAND. ‘ About ten o’clock on Saturday night the 5d of November, an explosion was heard in the quarter of St. Barry’s, Cork, so Joud and _ wnexpected as to produce the greatest alarm. ‘Tt was soon discovered that three-heuses in Brandy-lane had been blown up, apparently y gunpowder; thay the adjacent houses were in flames; and, from the sad testimony of facts, it was clear that many unfortunate ‘creatures had been the victims of instanta~ neous destruction. The two. houses imme- diately adjoining the conflagration werealmost instantly. pulled down, and the rest were pir ahha destruction. The causes of. this ¥ readful Circumstance are mot. perfectly Anown; but so far as could be collected from _ the melancholy survivors, it appeared that a man who lived in one of the ruined houses, had been employed in the powder- works at’ _ Ballincollig. It is suspected this man, con- trived to evade detection in bringing gut, ‘from time to time, quantiles of gunpowder, for which he in geneyal tound customers among the quarry-men employed in the neighbouring quarries about Cork. Itissup-_ posed that his wife and others Of }is family, were employed in drying this powcr, and had while so engaged brought a candle too_ close to it, which caused the cerrible explo- sion that took place, and, as-a, great many Pier families lodged in chat and the neigh- ouring houses, occasioned the loss gf so many lives. Eighteen persons were literally almost “torn to pieces, and among chem ‘several wo- | men in a state of pregnancy. Tree others | Were carried to the infirmary. withont the _ Slightest hope of recovery. Three’ houses were blown to 1uins, and several extremely _ ‘Gnjired by the explosion. * AMorried | At. _keongford, Sit Richard Levinge, bart. of High MontTuix Mas, No. 209, Treland. Castle. Forbes, county of | “Park, Westmeath, to the Hon. Elizabeth Anne Parkyns, eldest daughter of che late Lord Rancliffe. At Annandale, the Right Hon. Thomas Henry Foster, only son of the Right Hons John Foster, Chancellor of the Exchequer of Treland, to Miss Skeffington, the only ciiild of the Hon, Chichester S. At Turvéy House, néar Dublin, ‘the Hon. Robert Leeson, of Clermont, in the county of Wicklow, youngest son of the late Barl’ of Miltown, to Phillippa Julia, danghter of the late Dr. Neve, prebendary of Worcester, and Margaret professor of Divinity in the Uni- versity of Oxford. Died.] At Dublin, aged 64,’ Mr. J. Rick- man, a native of Lewes, and formerly one of the people called Quakers; but had for the last two or three years travelled as a street« preacher in most of the principal ‘towns in this kingdom, and particularly in the metro polis, He was by profession’ a Surgeon and “apothécary, and practised many yeats with considerable credit and reputation at Maidén- head, Berks, tf At Waterford, the Rev. Mr. Dickons.- Preaching from the text “We muét all appear before the judginent=séat’ of Christ ;* he ‘fell down in his pulpit, and Ynstaatiy expired. é‘ At Belfast, Mr. Hugh Kirk. ~The follow- ing is apart of his written directions to‘his executors; ¢*Ic is my particular request! that as little money as ‘possible be ekpénded’on the funeral; my fixed’ opinion‘ béing,*’that whatsoever is so spent more than common decency requires, is Worse than lost, itis a robbery on the surviving part of the family. Let my coffin be of plain del, "painted either black or oak colour, whicly you’ please,’ With no. éscutcheons, except the two? with? handles “at the. ends—neither age nof ‘ame? on it~. RO. ~hearse—no headst Re-—iiU' statfsotno gloves—no spirits, tobacto, of ‘pipéss “All these are utterly vain afd use!ess—not idan. ing hereby to restrict you froth’ exétcising your. iscretions with régard to stch Wetessary refreshment. as my nodse “will afford’ ty tay particular friends, and the beare¥s’of thé’ bier, The poor. 20ise grave yard beilig the Tearest, nd more expensive than the others, (T'stp- post) and. the money applied ‘to ‘charitable R rpoges, I wish you to give it the preférefite, especially for the, feason last, namizd? / 07 In Dublin, ‘Sir Thomas JudRih °Fitz- erald, bart. of Lisheen, in the countyl of Tipperary, and high-sheriff of ‘that councy ‘at the awful period of the rebeflion, . *On'the character of Se: Thomas it is needless to'ex- patiate ; such as it was, he was the'rchitece of it himself; and-he impritited its tharactérs Jong since on the bleeding bitcles bt his ‘edit = trymen 5. with what justice and distvithination may, be appreciated, by. stating, that itfe. quired a special act of iddemnity of ‘Che Tris), parliament, to save him from ainplepetuniar retribution ;. but it is only nekesdaiyito Watt), the fall of such men, and thé tepard'in wale, N it 97 re 98 a it is held, to impress that moderation of con- duct, tenderness of feeling, and liberality of sentiment, are the best guides, when men are entrusted witha ‘little brief authority,” or when the times assume that awful charac- ter, that the laws cease to exercise their wholesome control. At Kinsale, in-the 25d year of his age, William Tribe, eaq. surgeon of the 6th foot, and third son of Mr. T. of Chatham. His death was occasioned by being seized with the _ cramp while bathing. He was a young man whose tising genius, in all probability, would soon have placed him high in his profession + his generosity of mind and affability of man- ners, had obtained him the esteem of every officer in the regiment, whose honourable testimony to his character, through their co- onel, cannot fail to offer a high degree of satisfaction to his otherwise disconsolate fa- mily, and the regiment will have long to regret the loss of one whose kind attention in his profession to every individual is seldom execeded. Col. David Collins. He was the eldest son of Gen. Arthur Tooker Collins, and Harriet Fraser, of Pack, in the King’s county, Ire- land, and grandson of Arthur Collins, esq. author of the Peerage of England, &c. He was born the 3d of March, 1756, and received a liberal education, under the Rev. Mr, Mar- shall, Master of.the Grammar School at Exe- ter, where his father resided. In 1770 he was, appointed lieutenant in the Marines 5 and, in 1772, was with the Jate Admiral M:Bride, in the Southampton frigate, when the unfortunate Matilda, Queen of Denmark, was rescued from the dangers that awaited her by the energy of the British government, and conveyed to a place of safety in the king her brother’s Hanoverian dominions. On that occasion he commanded the guard that received her Majesty, and had the honour of kissing her hand. In 1775, he was at the “pattle of Bunker’s Hill; in which the first’ _ pattalion of Marines, to which he belonged, ° "so signally distinguished itself, having its commanding officer, the gallant’ Major Pit- cairne, and a great many officers and men, killed in storming the redoubt, besides a very “large proportion of wounded. In 1777, he was Adjutant of the Chatham Division; and,” in 1782, Captain of Marines on board the * Courageux, of 74 guns, commanded by the an) . valtar. - who survives him, but without issue) ; and, ~ Bate Lord Mulgrave, and participated in the partial action that took place with the ene= » Pat my’s fleet, when Lord Howe relieved Gib- 3 Reduced to half-pay at the peace of 1782, he resided at Rochester, in Kent, (ha- ving previously married an American lady, “pn its being determined to found a colony, by sending convicts to Botany Bay, he was appointed Judge Advocate to the intended set- tlement, and in that capacity sailed with Governor Philip in May 1787 (who more- ever appointed him his secretary), which _gituation he filled with the greatest credit to Deaths Abroad. himself and advantage to the Colony, until his return to England in 1797. The History of the Settlement, which he soon after pub. lished, followed by a second volume, a work abounding with information, highly inter esting, and written with the utmost simpli- city, will be read and referred to as a book of authority, as long as the Colony exists whose name it bears. The appointment of Judge Advocate, however, proved eventually “inju- rious to his real interests. While absent, he had been passed over when it came to his turn to be put on full pays; nor was he per-~ mitted to return to England to reclaim his rank in the corps: nor could he ever obtain any effectual redress, but was afterwards compelled fo come in as junior captain of the corps, though with his proper rank in the army. The difference this made in regard to his promotion was, that he died a captain in- stead of a colonel-commandant, his rank in the army being merely brevet. He had then the mortification of finding that, after 10 years’ distinguished service in the infancy of a colony, and to the sacrifice of every real comfort, his only reward had been the loss of many years’ rank, a vital injury to an officer, A remark which his wounded fecl- ings wrung from him at the close of the se- cond volume of his History of the Settlement, appears to have awakened the sympathy cf those in power; and he was, almost imme- diately after its publication, offered the go- vernment of the projected Settlement on Vaz Diemen’s Land, which he accepted, and sailed once more for that quarter of the globe, where he founded his new colony ; struggle¢ with great difficulties, which he overcame 5 and, after remaining there eight years, was erjoying the flourishing state his exertions had produced, when he died suddenly, after a few days’ confinement from a slight cold, on the 24th March, 1810. His person was re= markably handsome, and his manners ex- tremely prepossessing ; while, to a cultivated understanding, and an early fondness for the Belles Lettres, he joined the most cheerful and social disposition. How he was esteemed by the inhabitants of the Colony over which he presided, will appear from the following extract of a letter announcing his decease, By the death of Col. Collins * this Colony has sustained a loss it will take a number of years to pet over. I have known and served with him from the first establishment of the Colony; and, when I speak the feelings of my heart on this melancholy occasion, Tm sure that it is not my single voice, but that of every department whatsoever in the Settle- ment, who, with the most hearfelt regret, universally acknowledge him to have been the father and friend of all.” DEATHS ABROAD. At Madeira, whither he went for the reco- very of his health, H. Palmer Acland, esq, eldest son of John A. esq. of Fairfield, So- mersetshire. At Gibraltar, Mr.. Mansel, eldest son of ' ‘the [Feb,1, 1811.] the Bishop of Bristol. This amiable young man was taken a prisoner at the age of 13, together with the brave and unfortunate Captain Wright, in the Vicenzo, and carried inte France. After continuing there about five years, during which time he underwent much hardship and many cruelties, on ac- count of the firmness of his determination, even at that tender age, not to give informa- tion which might affect his Captain, against whom the enemy was bitterly incensed on account of their suspecting him to have Report of Diseases. 99 But the sufferings which he endured from his long and repeated concealment in wet ditches, woods, and marshes, for upwards of three months, during the course of that escape, tuo visibly aftected his constitution, His friends were often anxious with him for a change in his profession, but his attachment to it was unalterable; and, after staying with them for a few weeks only, he sailed as midshipman on board the Circe frigate, Captain Wool- combe, who has, in a letter from Gibraltar, announced his dissoiution at the early age of landed Pichegru, George, &c. on their coast, nineteen, he finally succeeded in making his escape. REPORT OF DISEASES, Onder the Care of the late Senior Physician of the Finsbury Dispensary, from the 20th of December, 1810, to the 20th of January, 1811. ‘ ' re TP'HE Reporter was a few days since consulted by letter from a remote part of the country, with regard to the expediency of a chirurgical operation in a very grievous instance of scrophulous disease. Ata distance from the spot, and the case being of a nature partly sur- gical, it was of course’ only in a very qualified and conditional manner that he ventured to give his medical opinion. ‘The circumstances and history of the complaint, however, were ‘zepresented to be such, as led him to discourage the too hasty performance of the meditated Operation. Scrophula being a disease of the constitution, is seldom to he remedied by the extraction or amputation of parts. The human frame rarely indeed suffers, unless when it is induced by external violence from any morbid affection that may strictly be regarded as Jocal. The appearance of it may be superficial, or confined to a particular spot, but the real root is for the most part fixed in the interior, and is secretly ramified througheut the whole substance ofthe frame. For want of a due regard to this circumstance, limbs may be lost without life being preserved, or health in any degree amended by the deprivation. : A case of epilepsy, that has recently fallen under the Reporter’s notice, was a considerable time before anticipated, in a-certain degree, by feelings which not unfrequently occur in a person who is destined, at some future period, to be the subject of this affection Not merely an acquaintance with the actual symptoms of a disorder, but with the previous history also of the patient, are highly interesting and instructive: the latter knowledge is often as necessary * to the prevention, as the former is to the cure, of a disease. Itfis of importance to know and to interpret rightly those signs which portend che approach of any formidable malady, that our fears may be aroused in time, and that we may seasonably oppose to the morbid tendency all the means of precaution end counteraction in uur power. In complaints which fall under the denomination of nervous, this is more particularly incumbent. Upon minute enquiry of the patient alluded to, it appeared that several years before the complete formation of an epileptic paroxysm, she had been liable to a sleepiness, which was not removed by actual sleep, toa frequently recurring sense of intoxication, without haying taken any inebriating draught or deug, to an almost habitual unsteadiness upon the feet, and sometimes to an actual staggering. She had been also remarkable for some months before her late, which was her first attack, of this complaint, for an incessant restlessness, and propensity to locomotion, a continual dispo- sition to change her posture or her place. This mobility extended likewise to the mind, so that a permanent direction of it to one subject was an effort beyond her power. The attene tion was always fluttering on the wing. Not long before her epilepsy, she mentions having frequently experienced a variety of uncomfortable feelings, such as flashes of light before her eyes, head-ach, violent rushings as it seemed of blood towards the head, dizziness, dimness and confusion of vision, and a frequent sense of faintness approaching to syncope. She also states the having been subject to transient absenses of the intellectual faculty, which would #cem to desert her for a few minutes, and then return in a manner that she could not acgount for. It is but seldom that we meet with a person whose previous life atiorded so many ad- monitory hints of the specific danger which threatened her constitution ; althougli perhaps it is for want of a scrutiny sufficiently strict that we do not ascertain, in every case ot true epi- Jepsy, the occurrence of most at least of these preliminary circumstances of 4wfyl presage. ‘ J. Reps Grenville-street, Brunswick-squarey Fan 26, 1811. Whal s a id ny, MONTHLY . MONTHLY COMMERCIAL REPORT. Burtrsp Trape AnD Manoracirvres.—Colonial produce, rum, sugar, coffee, and cots ton, are very dull in the market for Want of an opening to the continent. Sugars £¢]] from 69s, to SOs. per cwt. Jamaica'rum 6s: per gallon, coffee 100s. per cwt, and West India:catton weol from 17d. to 23d. per lb. A large fleet sailed a few days ago from Portsmouth for the West Indies, few of the ships completely loaded. Theirreturn with West India produce may be ex- pected about June or July next, at which time we hope the market here may. be more favourable than it is at present. ‘ _ Portucar,—The principal part of the produce of this country has already arrived. here, and the wines are of very inferior quality, owing to the want of brandies to! make them up, added to the present distracted state of the peasantry, who attended. formerly the vineyards, but now engaged in the warfare of the country. France.—Owing toethe recentfailures in Paris, Buwrdeaur, &c. the little commerce enjoyed by this country is at a total stand, and a general want.of confidence exists all over the continent, insomuch so, that bills ofthe most established banking-houses cannot be cashed or discounted withouta premium of § to 1 per cent. on the transac- tion, exclusive of a very heavy discount.—The burning system of all British manufac- tured goods is carried on with the greatest avidity, and. the spies and excisemen are the only people who benefit by this most unprecedented plan of Buonaparte’s, Spain.—The commerce of this country at present consist chiefly in their export of: sherry wine, fruit, and a few articles, the produce of their settlements. in, South America, the.latter of which now come direct to Great Britain, , Ivaty.—All the produce and manufactures of this country come to Britain with such,accumulated charges, that. little or nothing is done between the two countries, except in the article of raw silk, of which large quantities have lately. been imported, very far inferior in, quality to what we have formerly known it to be, and at very exorbitant prices, Wesr Inpics.—The markets in this part of the world want a general supply .of. provisions, such as Irish becf, pork, and butter, for the supply of the plantations. However, very large quantities of all those necessaries have lately been shipped off from Cork, Dublin, and Waterford, and no doubt will get to a good market. The returned West India bills from Londonand Liverpool, &c. have proved very injurious to the planters and factors there, being attended with.a loss of upwards of 20 per cent. re-exchange, costs, &c. &c. Wesincerely hope fora stop to this de- tructiye trade between the two countries. ts Sours America.—Hitherto the markets here haye been glutted with all kinds of British coarse goods, which haye, been bartered with great disadvantage to our ad- venturers, and they now begin to find from experience, that no.goods will sell to _ advantage here but of the very first quality. Tvish linens, fit for shirtings, are in great demand, and yield a fair profit to the adventurer, as do all kinds of super fine printed calicoes, particularly of large showy patterns and of good. bright co- Jours. Metal pots, &c. well-chosen earthenware, and glass, meet a ready sale ; and, in fine, nothing answers this market but goods of all kinds superior in their quality. Norra Amertca,—The commerce with this country continnes steady, and the ex-— port of flax-seed has given new life to linen manufacture in the north of Ireland, where linens have fallen in price from 15 to 20 per cent, in consequence of the large ’ supplies of this useful article. The seed of Boston, now nearly equal to that of Philadelphia, brings the same price in the Irish market, and is bought up, on Jand- ing, for ready money, A continuance of this commerce we wish long uninterrupted, being equally beneficial to both countries. We are concerned to observe, that the commercial failures continue to increase in ott and consequence, in spite of the long and increased discount of the Bank of England, The average Prices of Canal Property, Shares, &c. in January 1811, (to the 24th) at the office of Mr. Scorr, New Bridge-street; and Messrs. Wore and Co. No. 9. Change Alley, Cornhil!.—Trent and Mersey, or Grand Trunk Canal, 12601.— Birmingham, 1040!.— Coventry, 855!.— Swansea, dividend 81. per share.—Monmouth- shire, 1291. wiih 21. 10s. half year dividend.—Grand Junction, 2601.—Kennet and Avon, 421. to 43].—Rochdale, 521. 10s, 551.—West India Dock Stock, 16.—Lon-« ‘den Dock, 1201, to 1281. NATURALIST’s IEE EEL EEE [ 101 j 4 NATURALIST’s MONTHLY REPORT. Decemper.-—Dead winter month, Now joyless rains obscure Drive through the mingling skies with vapour foul; Dark on the mountain’s brow and shake the woods. URING nearly the whole of the present month the weather has been as variable as I almost everrecollect it. On the lst and 2¢ the wind was northerly, accompa- nied with asharp frost. The 3d to the 6ihit was westerly ; north-west from the Ith | to the Sth ; south-west on the 10th; north-north-east on the 11th; westerly from the | 2th to the 15th; north on the 16th and 17th; south-west and north-west on, the 18th; : easterly onthe 19th; sguth-west and west on the 20th; westerly from. the 2}st to the 24th; north.west from the 25th to the 27th; northerly on the 28th and 29th, and north-east on the SOth and 31st, We had strong gales from the south-west or north-west, on the 6th, 18th, Zlst, 23d, "25th, and 27th, and hard gales on the 12th and 14th. The latter was a tremendous ? day. There has been rain.on sixteen. days of this month, but on the 3@, 6th, 10th, 12th, 18th, 20th, and 22d, much more than on any of the others, A hard frost com- menced in the night of the 28th, and continued till the end of the month. Inthe night of the 3ist, there was a considerable fall of snow, the first we have.had this ear, December 1. The season has hitherto been so mild, that several of the field howers are yetin bloom. Among them I observe the Hedge Lychius, (ZLychius dioica), Com- © mon fumitory, (fumaria officinalis), and gorse, December 6; A great quantity of herrings were caught in the evening of this day; and to the westward of ‘this neighbourhood, herrings lave continued to be capght during the greater part of the month. ‘December 7, The weather wasso warm that a large blue fly came in at the win- ' dow of my sitting-room, and buzzed about the glass in the same manner as the flies do in summer. No pilchards have hitherto this year emigrated, so far eastward, as to our shores, December 13, Ewes bave yeaned some days ago, and lambs are’ now, in several places, to be seen in the fields. . '* December 16. So warm does the weather still continue, that a snake was ihis day seen out of its hole; and in the evening 1 observed black beetles of various species, (scarabeeus stercorgrius, &c.) flying about in every direction. * December 17. Spiders appear upon their webs, and seew 10 be unaffected by the, Jateness of theseason. The black, long-legged insects, which ran abont upon the surface of the water, and are usually denominated by the common people water - fpiders, (cimex lacustris and stagnorum of Linnieus), continue to be seen, December 2f. Bats are stil] to be seen flitting about in the evenings. The follow ' ing plants are in flower:—sweet-scented violet, wall-flower, mezeveon, and hepatica, ~ December 25 and 27. Snipes haye in a great measure left the marshes, and are found inthe dry lands. In the evening of each of these days there was much light- ning. “December 31. No wild fowl, except a very few ducks and geese, have yet visited us. The variable weather has no doubt been the cause of this. A tolerably severe frost, with the wind from the Eastward, are the usual prognostics of the arrival of these birds, ' Hampshire. , fh a 2. ees MONTHLY AGRICULTURAL REPORT. The appearance of the wheat still continues sickly on that side, which, wncovered by the snow, remained exposed to the action of the northerly and easterly winds during the late frost; and the difference in hue and healthy countenance, between this, and that part covered and protected, is very striking. The changes, however, of wheat in the grass, so continual.throughout every season, are of very litile conse- uence; the present unfavourable aspect will be readily improved by good weather. - ean planting, the immediate object of employment, is rather backward in general ; but the lands work well, having received considerable benefit from the frost. All the various operations of husbandry proper to the season, are going forward without, impediment, and almost universally, with degrees of improvement, and support from aniple funds, peculiar and highly creditable to the present times, The practice of. ari ling, of sowing corn in rows, in order to facilitate the extirpation of weeds, is, giws said 102 ' Monthly Botanical Report. [Feb 1, q said to have declined in some particular districts, but to be increasing yearly, asa 2 general practice. ~ ; : sf The stock of turnips and cattle food at present, very sufficient and good, remaining % unhurt by the frost. The stock of cattle itself, very great, and markets going on in the general routine. Store pigs, although in considerable plenty, very dear; much pork expected to be made. Great demand from Ireland for breeding stock of this description. The fiorin grass, the uses of which have latety been discovered by Dr. Richardson, of Clonfecle, in Ireland, under experimental culture in various parts of England, Scotland, and Wales, and great hopes entertained of its utility. The wheat markets have been for some time ata stand, but to expect them cheaper, seems out of all probability, since the crop has at last turned out considerably below an aye- Fage une; and the increasing demand, both for home consuinption, and that of our armies and allies abroad, will be fully equal to our power of supply, however con- siderable may be the imports. 4 Smithfield. Beef, 5s. to 6s.—Mutton, 5s. 6d.—Veal, 6s. 8d. to Ss, 8d.—House- Jamb, 7s. to }0s.— Pork, 5s. 4d. to 7s. 8d.—Bacon, 7s. 2d. to 7s. 6d.—lIrish bacon, Gs. §d.— Fat, 4s. 6d. to 4s. 8d.—Skins, 25s. to 40s. Middlesex, Jan. 23. MONTHLY BOTANICAL REPORT. THE Borawnicat MaGazine for last month contains, Alée Radula of Jacquin, the attenuata of Haworth. Of the smaller aldes, which are better snited to the size of the work, Mr. Edwards has given Some excellent spe- cimens of his superior skill as an artist. Indeed we have seldom witnessed any thing . superior, even in the splendid botanical productions of the Paris press. Alde saponaria 8. latifolia; one of the old varieties of perfoliata; avery large species, but of which a good idea is given by the insertion of a diminished outline, representing the habit of the whole plant. Mr. Ker has inthis, as in all the tribe, taken great paint to elucidate the confused synonimy. He informs us that the smaller wariety of this («) minor, is the umbellata of Decandolle, excluding all his synonyms, which belong to A, picta; and is also the picta (8) minor, of the new edition of the Hortus Keweusis, as far as regards the synonym of the late edition; but that those quoted from Linnzus and Dillenius belong to A. picta, Although this species has been called American aloe, and Carolina aloe, it is not a native of America, but of the Cape. - . Taonus Eliphantipes, a female plant of the Cape Bryony, from Mr, Knight’s col- lection in the King’s-road, Chelsea, A male plant flowered in 1783, in the Kew- garden, from which M. L’Heritier had a drawing taken for his Sertum Anglicum ; the engraving, however, though quoted in books, was never published ; nor is there any figure of it that we know of extant. To those who have never seen this very, singular plant, Mr, Edwards’s outline sketch behind the flowering stem will not be easily understood, It represents the curious rootstock, which rises above the surface of the ground, and somewhat resembles a hemispherical section of the trunk, or ra- weer of a warty excrescence, of some old tree. Jn this apparently lifeless state, it sometimes remains many months, now and then putting forth climbing stems, bearing alternate cordate leaves, with here and there branches of flowers in the axils of their footstalks, much in the same manner as the common black bryony. _ It is this shape~ less, massive rootstock that has occasioned its being called, by the inhabitants of the Cape, the Elephant’s-foot. P | Hermannia tenuifolia; anew species, which is probably lost to our gardens, as the drawing wastakenin Mr, Curtis’s time, and, exceptan imperfect specimen in the Bank~ sian Herbarium, Dr. Sims has not been able to find any thing respecting its existence. Hermannia flammea, a beautifal little shrub from Mr. Knight's collection, Al- though we are presented with a good drawing of this plant, with flowers fully ex- panded, yet, as it is rarely seen in this state, we could have wished that some of the flowers at least had been represented in their very remarkably tight-twisted state, in which they look almost as if the tips had been rounded off with a pair of scissars... Mr. Andrews, in his Botanist’s Repository, though his figure is otherwise very indif- ferent, has seized this peculiarity. The nocturnal fragrance of the flowers adds to the value of this plant, : Astragalus sinicus. It seems remarkable that this pretty little annual should never haye been before figured, though it has been at times in our gardens for forty years past. Tropceelum peregrinum, This is at present a searce, and considered as a tender plant; but being a native of the same country as the common tropw@olum majus, there seems no reason why it should not become as hardy as that which is now almost natu-_ ralized to our clime: for Miller says, that this last will sow itself,and come upspon-" taneous the following summer, in fayourable situations, There aré several species OO 36 this, 1811.] Meteorological Report. 103 this singular genus.recorded in. the Flora.Peruviana, and it is not improbable, that distinct plants have been confounded under the name of T. peregrinum; Dr. Sims doubts if Feuillée’s plant, cited as a synonym of this by all preceding writers, be the sane However this may he, there is no doubt respecting Jacquin’s plant, well figured in his Hortus Schoenbrunensis. The Enews Frora, for last month, offers to our notice, Rubus sawatilis, 2 native of high mountains im the northern part of the island. The specimen from which the drawing was‘taken was gathered by Mr, Borrex, at Roslin, famous for its antique chapel, and delicious strawberries, Brasrica campestris. Dr. Smith remarks, that great uncertainty has existed among British authors, even from the time of Ray, respecting this plant. Iudson’s campestris is a mere yellow variety oforientalis. According to Mr. Edw. Forster, this is the com- mon wild navew, growing abundantly by the sides of rivers, marsh ditches, &c.; and that the B. Napus of Unglish Flora, is the rape, or cole-seed, so commonty cultivated, Hieracium prenanthoides.. Bronght from Scotland many years age by Mr. Dixon, and has been ever sincé in Mr. BE, Forster’s curden, from whence the drawing was made. Dr. Smith observesthat, in the Flora Britannica, he had confounded ‘this plant with denticulatum. There continues to be great difficulty in settling the species of this genus.. Dr, Smith believes, from the dried specimens he has received from Mr. G. Don, that the Scottish species are not yet all determined, but that the greatest attention te living plants can alone enable him to reduce them to order. When that is accom- plished, he possesses ample materials for settling their synonyms. Carex Micheliana, introduced into, Dr. Smith’s I'lora Britannica, he is now convinced is only a variety of recurva, as which he first received it from Dr, Beattie, of Aberdeen. The name of Micheliana being therefore superfluous, as Dr. Smith himself allows, ought * not surely to have been suffered to stand as the title of this mere varicty of recurva, T METEOROLOGICAL REPORT. Observations on the State of the Weather, from the 24th of December 1810, to the 24th of January 1811, inclusive, Four Miles N.N.W. of St. Paul's, Barotieter. Thermometer. "Highest, 30°10. Dec. 30 and $1. Wind N.E. | Higheft, 57° Dec. 27. Wind S.W. Lowest, 28°70. Dec, 25, —— S.W. | Lowest, 19° Jan. 10. —_wN Rp, In the morning On tl ‘{ of the second inst. Ghastot the iecthy o€ Jan. } reXtes was, az | Greatest ) 51 hun- the thermometer feo > is seen above, at 192, variation i, > dredths of but on the 11th it was 84hours. an inch. at no time lower thaa 42F ors stood at 29°87, and} Variationin at the same hour | 24 hours. on the third, it . was no_ higher than-29-36. ° Tue quantity of rain fallen this month is but small ; it will be noticed in the it has rained six or seyen days, but there was oniy a small quantity fell at a time The average height of the thermometer, for the whole month, is only 31° the recollection of all, that though at the commencement of our month, viz. t weather was remarkably mild; yet, for about a fortnight from the 29th during which a good deal of snow fell. There have been some very thick fogs, and 1 : dark and dull weather ; nevertheless, the number of brilliant days has been nine. ’ nak i eg hag chiefly been in the northerly quarters, and some days it has blown very eolbabiy: re win Oar correspondént from the Isle of Wight, has kindly transmitted to us the result of hi ebservations, taken during the months of October, November, and December ; by which = appears that she . it next Report, it will bein iz. the 25th ult. the » IC was very Severe, Average heat for Oct. was 50° nearly. mcesiie ele’), CONOVa) at Ged O eecvescte. Dec. —-499 Quantity of rain that fell inthe menth of Oct. equal 5-125 : ona amen sank wa sacs Be wade «----- Nov. —— 10-400 Sinchesi eC ETP IE Ye ca oh lla alas f ae 20-025 By this it will appear, that in the island, as well as in the neighbourhood ‘ those wete very rainy months ; in the. whole quantity being tather more pei snementis depth. Highgate, Fan. 25, 1814. 7s ae a ee “THO apy servo ao'6 “OND “ayorg esuvysxq pre 0019 fANVAOYAT, UTA | FI AK mld rtd each ‘sig: ft ‘siq {ff “ct By “SIC it ‘sigs ¥e sid $F ‘si 4t ‘sig 21 MELEE ELE | Onreoen ve} bayoxg ‘annsmoua yj09 SAUVONVE Jo Y70% 942 02 “ELQL SAUVANY -fO gst ay2 w — > , ; fino psa Hy ayy ‘SxI0Ig Jaro oq ut fuaatd ore sadug qsaq0) pur qsay Saya soso) ‘3a Jod ¢ ay. Uy —— | — }hepyoy +98 1% 2c9 #09 99 {99 2¢9 £99 99 ee) “Kepyon t bad ‘FUIOLS 49 SHOLUd aid AT’ . No. 210.] MARCH 1, 1811. MONTHLY MAGAZINE. [2 of Vor. 31. es! (one. as thofe who write are ambitious of making Converts, and of giving their Opinions a Maximum of Influence and Celebrity, the moft extenfively circulated Mifcellany wili repay with the greatest Effeck the Kuriofity of thofe who read either for Amufement or Infiru tion.——JOHNSON, ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS. Zo the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. : SIR, . A&-FTER repeated essays by various ingenious men in different parts vof Europe within thirty years, to navigate ‘boats or vessels by the power of steam- engines, all of which had failed to that egree which left little hope that the ob- ject would be attained; Mr. Robert Fulton, a native of Philadelphia, and well known in France and England, has been the fortunate philosopher who has established steam-boats with complete ysuccess in-his native country. His. first boat, 150 feet in length, 18 feet wide, -was built in 1807 on the Hudson river, to carry passengers between the cities _ of New York and Albany, a distance of .160 miles ; which boat, to. the astonish- Ment of the inhabitants of those cities, performed the voyage in SO hours. A few voyages, aud the certainty of her arrival at given places within a given time, soon established public confidence in this new ‘mode of conveyance, and drew the pas- sengers from the stages and common -sloops into the steam-boat, which prov- ing lucrative to Mr. Fulton, he, in 1809, started a second and improved boat, called the Car of Neptune. I made a voyage on my way from Canada to New York in this vessel, - which is fitted up in a style, and con- ducted with. a degree of order, that surpasses. any mode of travelling yet in- vented: however violent the wind, there is no rolling or tossing, no cause of sick- ness from the agitation of waves; the car moves on majestically, ever on an even keel. She was then on her seventy-third trip for the season, and she was expected to make eighty trips before the ice-closed the river. In which case, this vessel will have run 12,800 miles in one year by. the power of steam ; or the two boats equal 25,600 miles. Well - Mises - Bitter Ki ic aye B ; sam i oa fe aaaae [ Ss ° or om th An c Jahat FRAGN é M ' ; rn Y gry. Bs TENT of onthly- Magi (yi ae Youn Joos BE of a T : agisi ' Old 8. ¢ Goosar O* RNARDIN D OUR in do at ie Fat Moodo my retur E SAINT- ILESTA by Lean sa ps eh found ay ap Raat tine eit H u ; ber of tre vself in ed nto Franc Howry -~ poner of tov acidic na L OOO Riga a . coach wh of veatiait Ne with 4 de rained two ‘audi ¢ Breslaw a a eet ell eur wo oe et ? Warr. He Sakee abe trutiks ftp Ara yb Rilo en Cold » Hot Baye or B oi ove ourh our feet pn benches ted Full 5 Panay ye igh and aad Th and the ts Q with Empt Ding-in the incle as thu e vehicle og sky * y Pr add menct s exposing travell File Wecune rhe to our wef of the Se ie yt ed : ; a : rai Sets wide could ics SATE brent sia 4 Great Bohong and ie Mi hag with 48. on the Small Eres vellitie ee Such i bread, eye refrésh: High adang, Besa most 6 in Russia is the me alt spirits, Low — Keche Case Tyron hie tai Prussia iota of imac i €; ntries i pland fe Se 8 Boge ad ar sn, Poi eine Dal ah trees ee fo raving thu north of ately ae oy ane passed pains of Hayy ten Wither Saore huge t nua e FF, extensi nd birch Abo pi Dedala with be untaiDa Os entered a ve plains Below Delocan Poland je and epson Fe nna nee i Fee r i. Soft mae renee Silesia. ees, which fay tops Hark ebaoua eee my tra i eparate Light Lamboot-Lo a-days um French velling ¢ : Darle ; Kras-T -Loona very ti sae aii a la ompanion Light , Trang = ve eer One Me Earopareen 3 » Heav Kalam peivl und our mornin si they s ok D y Ri Pm ibourl selves 8 atoda P e are tale delightful 100d of a c on a eos fas tee Ri cap Ma streains situatio astle built i in the ipe hal of li meand eee: tinam Rew Moora inden t ered th . numb ost More M several rees, and rough | nber of pak oe Month char ins small meg i ate avenues Mine Lagee dows. iA the idat, planted Eom Yowis ; Roane ae oe down of fi soll Lost mbo- pooni F Silesia » we per » as far as mea- 1a Kan onia vill » COW ceived P the ete Feamioospoosie ie peli 4 mith. the rich pl eye a n - 2 A ne) a ieee bay 3 ee were a plemare-howes ewe Afraid Banjah — of : windin red by tt sean Bhese B Sediki pears hy ve Odoryabhich ae Tak ~ “Oh, § nd silver nbled a righ which ‘0 ; ; F i : eer tit charming pile Teieed = 7 vs pec ieagen a kelian a view a Leak ; aran nese,” 3 “it remind r who wi - Xe Lon Wane: Sam 4 demy of mh astro inds me of as going Shont Bochor lightful erlin olied 3." of the Mi- Laz Panj e-Teregs long plains, .w ied : “H the aca- rey Beis Sinko base, and e might rm are ae ; ay r a d the er’ e- Sek yas Austrian ing series i ate agentes amba addr aron, smi of tri es woul ‘ikea peslresee the ene Pb sn oe thi om Sse ain ~An “eee Secnencinne fully TE ; all these s the nobl u must ste est eples you 1 all see, are depend an t upon it”? iat bein g th a Lk er. 1B1-J 4) case,” replied a Swiss merchant, “the inhabitants must all be slaves. Upon my soul, it is@ poor country!” A Prus. sian Hussar officer, who was coolly smoaking his pipe, took it gravely from his mouth, and said, with a firm voice, “ No person is so great asthe king of Prussia. He delivered Silesia from the yoke of Austria and her nobles, I re. member, when I was eneamped here four years ago. What fine fields for fight- ing! I would establish my magazine in the castle, and my artillery on the ter- races—I would line the river with my infantry, put my cavalry at the wings ; and with thirty thousand men I would defy all the forces Of the empire. Long live Frederick!” Scarcely bad he xe. sumed his pipe, when a Russian officer took up the conversation. ‘I would bot,” said he, “live in a country which, like Silesia, is open to all armies. Our Cossacks ravaged it last war; and, had it not been for the regulars who prevented them, they would not have left a cottaze standing. It.is worse at present. The easauts may complain against their lords i this. The citizens have even greater privileges in their municipality. I like the environs of Moscow much better.” A young student of Leipsic thus an swered the two officers: “‘ Gentlemen, “how can you speak of war in so charming a place? Give me leave to tell you, that the very name of Silesia comes fram Campi Elisei, the Elysian Fields. It would be better to exclaim with Virgil, * OLycoris, hic. tecum cousumerer evo ! —O, Lycoris! here with you could I calmly wait for my dissolution.” As these words were pronounced with warmth, a pretty lite milliner from Paris, whom the ennui of the journey ad lulled to sleep, awoke, and, at the sight of so charming a ,prospect, ex. claimed in her turn: “Ah, what.ade- Vicious country! it wants nothing but ‘renchmen!” ‘ What do you sigh for?” said she to a young Jewish rabbi, who was sitting by her side. “ Do you see, said the Jewish doctor, “ that. mountain there with its lofty peak; it resembles Mount Sinai.” All the company here burst into laughter; but an old Protestant clergyman from Erfurt, in Saxony, con- tractipg his braws, said angrily: ‘ Si- Jesja is a cursed country, because the truth is banished from it. It is under the yoke of popery. You will see at the entrance of Breslaw the palace of the ancient dukes of Silesia, which jis now - Jnhabited by a college of Jesujtsy who. Fragment of a Tour in Silesia. 117 have been drawn from every other part of Europe.” A fat Datch merchant, puryeyor to the Prussian army ia the las¢ war, replied, ‘How can you gall a country cursed which is covered with so many blessings? The king of Prussia did well to conquer Silesia; it is the brightest jewelin his crown. I should prefer.a rood of ground here to a thou sand acres in the Mark of Branden. burgh.” ‘ _ Disputing in this manper,: we arrived at Breslaw, and alighted at a very good inn, While waiting for dinner, the con, versation turned upon the owner of the castle we had just passed. The Saxon clergyman assured us he was a mise creant, who commended the Prussian artillery atthe siege of Dresden; that he had destroyed with bis poisoned bomrbs that unfortunate city, part of which was still in. ruins, and that he had acquived his estates by contributions raised ia Saxony. ‘* You are mistaken,” re. phed the baron, “he got them by-his marriage with an Austrian countess, whe made a bad match of it. His. wite has most reason to complain. None. of his children.can enter into any of the noble orders of Germany, because their father was oniy a soldier of fortune.” “‘ What you gay,” replied the Prussian Hussar, “does him honour, apd he would be amply resvarded now in Pras- sia, if he had not left the king’s service at the peace. He is an officer that cannot shew himself any more.” The landlord, who was spreading the cloth on the table, said: “ Gentlemen, I see you are unacquainted with the officer of whom you are speaking; the jis a man loved and revered by ailthe worlds there is notia beggar in all his dumains. Al- though a catholic, he relieves poor tra- vellers, let them be of whatever country or religion.they may. Jf they ave Sax- ons, he lodges and feeds them for three days, as a compensation for the injury he was obliged to do them dunng the war. He is adoved by his wife and children.” ‘ You ought to know,” said the Protestant clergyman to the land- lord, ‘‘ that there is. neither charity nor Virtue in his communion... All he does is pure bypocwsy, like the virtues of pagans and papists.” We had amongst us some catholics, who.would have raised a terrible dispute when the landlord took his place..at the top of the table, ac- cording 10 the custom of Germany. A profound silenge reigned during dinnen; snd every ong ave and drpiik like a oa ae i pH veller, Aas Uh lr J _- 118 ‘veller: we fared sumptuously; peaches, grapes, and melons, were served up as adessert. The landlord desired his wife to bring (between dinner and tea) some bottles of Champagne wine, with which, he said, he would regale the company, in honour of the owner of the castle, to whom he was under particular obliga- tions,’ The bottles were then brought, ‘and putting them before the French milliner, he begged her to do the honours. Joy beamed in every countenance, and the conversation became sprightly. My countrywoman presented the landlord with the first glass of his wine, saying, that she had been as well treated by him as in the best inn at Paris, and that she never knew a Frenchman who sur- passed him in gallantry. The Russian officer now adimitted that there was more fruit at Breslaw than at Moscow, He compared Silesia to Livonia for fer- tility ; and he added, that the liberty of the peasant made a country be better eyltivated, and their lords happier. The ‘astronomer observed, that Moscow was very nearly in the same latitude as Bres- Jaw ; and consequently susceptible of the ‘‘same productions. The Hussar officer remarked: “In truth I find, that the Tord of the castle, whose estate we have just passed, did well to quit the service, Afterall, our Great Frederic, after having ‘fought gloriously in the war, passed part of his time in gardening, &c. cultivating with his own hands the melons at Sans- ‘sonci,” All the company were of the Hassar’s opinion, Even the Saxon cler- gyman said, that Silesia was a fine and good province; that it was a pity it was Yn a state of error, but he doubted not but that liberty of conscience being ‘established in all the states of the king of Prussia, the inhabitants, and, without ‘doubt, the master of the castle,-would soon return to the truth, and embrace ‘the confession of Auysburg. “ For,” added he, “God never allows a good action to go without its reward, and it is one which we cannot. praise too much im 2 military man who has done mischief to any country in the time of war, to “endeavour to benefit it during peace.” The landlord then proposed to drink the health of this brave officer, which was done amidst shouts of applause. No person refused to drink with the fair milliner except the young Jewish ‘rabbi. He dined by himself upon his own provisions in a corner of the room, ‘according to the custom of the Jews ~when travelling. tHe rose, and presented ele j 1 Fragment of a Tour in Silesia. [March 1, to the lady a great leather bowl, who filled it to the brim, which he drank at one draught. “Come,” said she, “ what are you thinking about, doctor— the country which produces such good wine? Is it not as good as the Land of Promise?” “ Without doubt,” replied he, with a smiling air, “all wine must be good when poured out by such fair hands.” “Do you not wish,” said she, ‘that your Messiah were born in France, in order that he might there assemble his tributaries from all parts of the world. “ May it please God !” replied the Israelite ; “ but he must previously make the conquest of Europe, where we are at present so miserable. Our Mes siah must be another Cyrus, who will force the different nations of the earth to live in peace with each other, and with the whole human race.” ‘God grant it!” exclaimed most of the company. E admired this variety of opinions among people who disputed so violently before they sat down to dinner, and agreed so cordially before they rose from it. Iconcluded, that man is wicked in adversity, (for it is surely a misfortune to many people to have an hungry sto~ mach:) and that he is virtuous in pros perity; for when he has made a good dinner, he is at peace with all the world, like Rousseau’s savage. I drew another more important infer- ence, which was this: that all these opi- nions, which had for the most part shaken all mine by turns, proceeded merely from the different educations of my tra~ velling companions; and I had no doubt that every man would return to his own way of thinking when by himself. Wishing to strengthen my judgment upon the various subjects of conversa- tion, [ addressed myself to a neighbour who had kept continued silence; and one who I perceived to be of a placid temper, ‘ What do you think’ (said T) of Silesia, and the lord of the castle?” “ Silesia,” replied he, “is a very fine country, because it produces fruit in abundance; and the lord of the’castle is an excellent man, because he relieves the distressed, As to the manner of judging of it, this differs in each in- dividual according to his religion, na- tion, condition, temper, sex, age, the season of the year, even the hour of the day ; and, finally, the education, which gives the first and last bias ‘to our judg. ment; but when we refer every thing ‘to the virtues of the human race, we vecide correctly. Zt isby the general and grand regsoy reason of the universe, if we may be al- Towed the expression, that we ought to regulate our own individual reasons, as we regulate our watches by the sun.” Ever since I witnessed this conver- gation, I have endeavoured to judge of every thing like a philosopher. I found also, that it was the same with our globe and its inhabitants as it was with respect to Silesia; every man forms his ideas ac- cording to his education. Astronomers ean see nothing in this world except a globe like a Dutch cheese, which re- volves round the sun, according to some Newtonians; .military men see nothing except fields of battle, and promo- tions; the nobles think of nothing but Seignorial domains and vassals; the elergy dream of nothing but mitres and benefices ; merchants look for commerce and money only; painters see nothing but landscapes; and epicures flatter themselves with prospects of terrestrial paradises. But tne philosopher con- siders this world with respect to its re- lations with the wants of men; and he Tegards mankind -themselves with re- a to the wants they have among each her, ee ‘For the Monthly Magazine. REMARKS on the TOWNLEY STATUES, in the sritisHh MusEuM. By the Rev. THOMAS DUDLEY FUSBROUKE, M. Ae “FLA. S. : (Fourth Room.) NS, 1. A bust of Trajan, with the breast naked. The tip of the nose Is restored. Busts of Trajan are tot uncommon. There are two colossal, _ and crowned with oak, at the Capitol and _ Palace Farnese. At the palace of Car- dinal della Valle is another, thought to have been the head belonging to the Statue on the column. The Villa Alba- ni has a third colossal head. At the French Museum are two busts, one of which was brought from the above vil- la. The statue of the Villa Maffei, which represents Trajan seated, draped én plilosophe, with a foot and antique shoe, had been removed from thence:to the Museum Pio-Clementinum, but is mow in the French Museum. Winc- kelmann quotes Homer and Anacreon for the beauty of the breast in men, ascri-~ bed by the former to Neptune and Aga- memnon. Jt consists, says W. in the fine degagement of its elevation, No. 2.°A bronze Hercules, carrying @touy the apples from the garden of the Hesperides. No, 3, A prop of a table, Remarks on the Townley Statues. 119 No. 4. A head of Apollo, of very early Greek work. I think, from the hairg, that it is Etruscan. The very early Greek style is only known from some Etruscan works and gems; for whether there are any marbles, is doubted by Winckelmann, (Art. ii. 17 ed. Amstel.) and De Piles, &c. have made perpetuat: errors upon this subject. No. 5. A statue of Thalia, found at Ostia, in the baths of Claudius. The folds of the drapery are exceedingly fine, No, 6. A head of Decebulus. This is probably a very rare and valuable bust of the Dacian king. No. 7. A bronze Apollo. No. 8. The prop of a table in pore phyry, representing the head and leg of a Panther. Winckelmann determines. statues of this marble to be the works of Greek artists, under the Ptolemies, or made under the emperors; but the Romans thought little of porphyry, as Pliny shows, when the statues were ine troduced from Egypt, in the time of Claudius. The panther was a symbol of Bacchus, also of Pan, No. 9. A colossal head of Marcus Aus relius, represented as Pontifex Maximus, in his sacrificing robes. Vhere is much majesty in the forehead. is busts are very common. The toga of the Pons tifexr Maximus differed from that of the other priests, and his cap was like that of the Flamen Dialis, the spike or apex excepted; but the term sacrificing robes is vague, when it is known that he wore his consecration dress, laid by for that purpose atthe Yuurobolia, Criobolia, or go-bolia. This consecration-dress was, in the words of Maillot, (Costum. i. 266.) “son bonnet, son habit pontifical, et sa robe ceinte et troussée.” No, 10, A bust of Lucius Verus, covered with the imperial paludamentum. There are many busts of Verus, but some are copies; two out of the three are such, at the Villa Borghese, where is also a colossal bust, &c. The French Museum has three busts, and there are many. others elsewhere. No. 11. Bacchus und Ampelus. No. 12. A head of the young Hercue les. This is very fine, No. 13. A head of Juno. No, 14. A statue of Diana, draped,, and running. I do not like these Dianas: the drapery has an awkward, stiff, and unpleasing, form. It turns off too abruptly at the height of the knee, It would be better to float more grace- fully from the waist. No. 44, is @ bust of Hadrian, with the “1230 tre breast naked. His busts are very @omimon. ag \ $ (Fifth Room.) ’'This room contains monumental in- Scriptions, urns, &c. of course. ¥ shall xiot proceed through it seriatim. The - earthen olfe, for inferior people, were of two kinds: cinerdrie, for the ashes; - essarie, for the bones. Two of these urns have the story of Echelus. Ivis singular how favourite a subject this is of Etruscan sarcophagi; besides two . here, Buonarotti has pubhshed two others from the Vatican and Villa Albani. WN. 24. of Echettes; om the cover a re- - eumbent female figure ; and N. 34. the Combat of Eteocles, &c. both occur in ‘Montfaucon, (Suppl v. 5. b. 6. c. i. 2.) as Etruseati monuments; and a recum- bent fiywre appears upon ail the six sar- eophagi there given. Uponanother Etruscan urn, besides the Combat of Eteocles and Polynices, are Vuries. It was their office to purify the souls of mortals: at the instant of leaving the body. © Metice they frequently occur ‘upon tombs. See Stat.’ Thed. lt. 8. . Gori Mus. Etruse. tab. 175." The spe- aimen of Moszic pavement is not rch, %e has the Guilloche, as usual, but no dentral figure, and the dies are irre- far. + (Sixth Room.) » No.4: Profile of a Greek Philoso- phemin'a medallion. C. Caylas (ti, 133.) \ytetes from Pliny, how particolar the Rortians were in having portraits of philosophers © accurate resemblances. Antiquaries are agreed in calling phi- losophers, statees or busts which have only a cloak with a tunic, and the breast entirely uncovered, In both the : en dg here, the head is inclined ; ‘Put Nat is by no means any characteristic. Et’ occurs indeed ina Plato published . by’ Folv. Ursinus, and in the Hercu- lanean collection, (Bronzi, i. p. 103.) andthe pretended Florentine Demos- thenes, perhaps in one or two other in- stances, but it is not general: No. 2. Ackilles among the daughters of Eycomedes, upon a sarcophagus. The imcidents im the life of Achillés,. are very common. subjects in the gems of Stosch, and the Monumenti [nediti of Winekelnann. The beauty of Achil~ Jes, so celebrated among the Greeks, is united upon the marbles to that fierce ~ afid disdamful air which [omer ascribes ‘to hiny; bat this bas-reli¢f, as well as Remarks on the Towiley States. reper x [March 1, No. 4 to 8, all parts of surcophigly are of inferior work, being probably made ready forsale, and the subjects trite. No. 8, ts the medallion of an inclined Head, a3 No. 1. is No. 9, representing captive Ama- zons, has a coincidence to that of a sim milar profile in every one of the Ama- zons. Modern artists should note, that all Amazons elsewhere, as well as here, are always alike, and have a serious look mixed with grief and pain. The eyebrows are indicated by an arrele pive? As this practice was chiefly in use in the ancient style of sculpture, it may be conjectured, that the Amazon of Etesilaus, which won the prize against Polycletus and Phidias, was the model of all the others. (Linc. des Antig. v. Amuazones. No. 10. Bacchus with a Thyrsus, his right arm over the shoulder af a Faun. In Maffei, La Chausse, Borssard, and Montfaucon, are Bacchus’s im this atti- tude. Bacchus here has buskins, as in Ta Chauise, &c. No. 11. An elderly man reading a manuscript roll; before him stands a Muse, holding a mask, . This is a dra- matic author. Count Caylus.(Rec. ii. pl 8. n.5.) has published a figure hold- wig a matk, which from thence he takes to be a comic author. In a painting of Herculanum, is a. woman turning her back upon a tragic poet; she is kneeling Opposite a tragic mask upon a pedes- tal. Licett (Gem. Antig. ¢. 118.) thinks that a mask denotes a dramatic writer, in speaking of a bead ascribed to Virgil, which has also a mask, thought by Gronovius and Gori (Mus. Foor, Gem. i. nl.43. n. 7.) to allude to. the manes, from the description of the in- fernal revions in-the Eneid. This mask, has no beard. No. 12. A Bacchanalian procession. We see here, Silenus and the ass. Aan elephant is introduced. It was particus larly consecrated to Bacchus, and some= times acconipanies the mysteries of that god, to shew his voyage and conquests in the Indies. (Beg. Lhes. Brandenb, i, 960.) No. 13. Paris and Helen. In the famous gem possessed by M, Chretien Dehn, of Rome, the two heads of Paris aid Helen are. remarkably. fine. No. 14. Genii and Armour, No. : —— rr isl] " No. 15. .A Head of Jupiter. The mose is restored, No. 16. A terminal Statue of a Youth, who is represented with the attri- butes of Mercury! Tiis is a strange denomination of Alcibiades. A Greek observed of a handsome young man, that Mercuyies ought to be made alter his likeness, and not after that of Al- cibiades. (Aristenatus 1. i. ep, 11.) Arnobius (7. 6.) assures us, upon the testimony of Clemens Alexandrinus, that the Statuaries of Athens gave to Mer- cury the features of Alcibiades. Hence portraits of this famous friend of So- erates have been taken from Mercu- ties, Assuredly, however, the Pio- Clementine Alcibiades, a bust with the name, (fom. vi. pl, 31.), is a very differ- ent face from that of a Mercury, but ‘that is a figure in age. No 17. A vwolive Altar, sacred to Apollo, It has the raven for symbol, Probably it should be denominated, sa- ered to Apollo Patareus, See the coins. The raven has an oracular appli- cation. See Stat. Theb. iii. 506. No, 18. Apollo Musagetes. This term was given to Apollo, from the fre- ‘quent representation of him accompa. nied by the Muses. No. 19. A Greek Inscription. " No. 20. A Diana Triformis. The figure has a modern key, and the head turreted. Some marbles are known of Diana tergimina, or triformis. Count alge (t. 5. pl. lxv. and 6. pl, xiv.) as engraved two; but, he observes, Gare must be taken not to confound these representations of Diana with those of the Parce and’ Furies, which are equally ‘composed of three figures, but with Guite different attributes. The key oc- curs in one of the Diane triformes of La Chausse. Py No. 21. An Altar of Roman work, “#rnamented with Egyptian figures. » No. 22. A head of an Amazon. No. 23. surprise that the art of combining sounds did not take place till about the fifteentl century. Muris, Fairfax, and Bird, were the first musicians who laid the foundations of the barmonic science. Handel, Pure cel, aod Corelli, gave it scale, system, and arrangement; but the completion of the work was reserved for the immortal Haydn, who has spread out the edifice to the skies, and enyironed with the dee lights of melody. The leading characteristics of the im. proved music depend upon new admixe tures of sound to an extent hitherto un» known. If we search into the old au. thors, we shall not find a combination that exceeds four ingredients, whereas the present discovertes fully authorize the use of the chord of the thirteenth, which is a compound of all the notes of the scale. In what way the five remain ing semitones may be employed; it is Jeft for succeeding. ages to determine. Auother prominent feature is the fre. quent use of acombination of four minor thirds, constituting the chord of the ex- treme flat 7th. By this agent the most intricate harmony is solved ; it is a men struum in which all the chords are ches mically changed, and in the hands of a master it is the key that leads us through the winding recesses to the unexplored chamber of harmony, ; Having slightly hinted at these discover. ies, it is requisite to point out some improves ments in the department of melody that have much tended to increase iis operation and sympathetic effects upon the mind. In the time of Handel and Scarlatti, and prior to the invention of the pjano-forte, the composer had no helps to his genius but what the harpsichord would afford ; and, as this instrument, from its mechae nical structure, is devoid of expression, it was only serviceable in the combina- tion of sound. But the piano-forte at once combines with this power the graces of enunciation, Its improvements have kept pace with the genius of the age, and it has powerfully lent its aid~-in giving birth to the most passionate and exquisite species of song. Though .im- perfect, it has taught the voice .and Violin to give a new utterance to sounds, and to divulve a tenderness that softens and refines the heart of man. Musical enunciation may be said to be still in its infancy, and its faculty of ut- terance and inflexion is apparently with out bounds. J have experienced with delight the indescribable impression which Catulani imparts to the pricy | we . . Oo 434 Yer voice; but the effect is too evanescent to be cauvlit, and too perceptible to be Jost, even in the ears of dullness. if t A peal'to my recollection for an idea, I vould eal it a Capricious and happy de-~ Fungement of tiie and place. . In vain siay the Croyplizas of the band attempt i i] #6 Follow her through these scintillations | Of Voice: his powers are great, and thotgh fie is the first star of the constel- Jation in which he shines, yet his light is Jost in the splendour of this divine lus ininary. Tt Has setved our purpose to speak of Hiatmony a8 & chemical combination of wound ; but we shall now take notice of h grand efféct which the new music pos- $esses, from the judicious appoimtment Sind coiibination of the various instru- shents in a full orchestra: Tn tiie time of Handel, it is true that the sAine assemblage of instruments oc- cured, but it was simply a congress of -musi¢al machines. The author never Consulted the power or genius of the Fnstruments; the bassoon was called upoli to move in the graceful inflexions of the Violoncello, and the trumpet to wrestle with the violin; often whole pas. Sayés were out of the verge of possibility, Hhany so uncongenial as to be played ‘with difficulty, and all were so ill digested ks 'to-encumber an effect they were in- tended to improve. — ; The powers of instruments vary In- finitely more than the voices of men: their size and magnitude, their peculiar Structure and force, give them a marked distinctness and character. , Tt was a pritiie consideration with the great masters, Lo consult the species and style of voice of the singers for whom they wrote. This fact may be exem- Pied by turning to the works oP Han- Wel, Purcel, Pergolesi, and Croft; but it Hever occurred to Any one of these to Write for the instraments they employed: Je Was left for the immortal Haydn t6 émbody the ideas of the poet, * «¢ The soft-complaining flute Jn dying notes discovers The woes of hopeless lovers, “Whose dirge-is whispeted by the warbé Sit oling Jute.” : 7 Yo exemplify what has been stated, we must open that treasure of musical subs lnnity, the ‘Oratorio of the Creation. Here we find every voice and instrument conspiring to raise thé mind of man to contemplate the wonderful works of God. The exquisite feeling in the songs, and tlie taste displayed in the accompani- miviit, €xceeds ir beauty every thing we Defence of Modern Blusice [March 1 have hitherto felt or conceived. collision of the trumpets and trombone, 4 and the awful motion of the bass, render the chorasses terrific and grand, “The concluding movement of The heavins are telling the glory of God, is penned with a majesty of thought that transcends the powers of musical expression. With our present means we can scarcely ‘pro- duce a shade of what the imagination of the musician would intend: The volume of sound that ig wanted in the bass, and that is requisite to pive an amplitude of idea, must be sought for in instruments as yet unknown, Were it necessary to bring farther il- Justrations of the great powers of the new music compared with that of the an- cients, we might attempt a description of the chaos, which opens the work we have been quoting. It commences with all the known instruments, displayed in twenty-three distinct parts. After these are amalgamated in one tremendous note, a slight motion is made perceptible in the lower parts of the band, to represent the rude masses of nature in @ state of chaos. Amidst this turbid modulation, the bassoon is the first that makes an effort to rise and extricate itself from the cumbrous mass: the sort of motion with which it ascends, communicates a like disposition to the surrounding materials $ but this is stifled by the falling of the double basses and the contrafagotto. In mingled confusion the clarinet struggles with more success, and the &therial flutes escape into air. A dis- position verging to order is seen and felt, and every resolution would intimate shape and adjustment, but not a concord ensues! After the volcanic eruptions of the clarini and trombones, some arrange= Ment is promised; a precipitation fol- Iows of the discordant sounds, aiid leaves a misty effect that happily expresses the “ Spirtt of God maving upon the face oF the waters.” At the hat, “ Let there be light?’ the instrameénts are unmuted, and the audience is lost in the refulgence of harmony. Many who have heard these sublime éffects with surprise, think there is no. thing Jeft. for genius'to do, and. thas Haydn has lived long enough to perfect the; art, in which he excelleds -On the contrary, these emanations, of genius have: opened to us.new fields of. disco- very, and>it is fortunate for-science; that he as succeeded in this elevated walk of composition by his pupil Beethoven, This author, who is now the first master living, is bred up purely in ‘the new school, oo V 1 Zz iat ia , i81h} school, aind satecnist great and original wers. ‘Thoughless perfect than Ha yas; disdains to imitate bim; his genius joves to rove in the darkest recesses of modulation, which impart to his compo- sitions a peculiar strength and rudeness 5 and the science which has been nursed im the lap of Italy, is now masculizing i in the regions of the Morth. ‘Tcannot conclude tise observations upon the new music, without paying a tribute to the memory of Mozart. For feeling and expression, this favourite of the Muses.may be denominated the Do- minichino of our art; and during the short time that he flourished, exhibited the most’ exquisite flights of fancy. The attire of his melodies are unrivalled for race and simplicity ; and since his death at is said, that Haydn has aflirmed his compositions to be the models of the most refined elegance, and that in his old age he was studying the works of his pupil. . His imagination has. in« fused) a'sublimity into.the opera, that now renders it the highest of all intel- . Iectual pleasures; and it is.to be lament« edrthat*a great nation hke England has not talent or ability sufficient to repre. sent and'perform any of the works of this it master. We are still doomed .to listen to the Eat airiete strains of Italy, and the nur- sury-sotigs ‘of Pucito, while the gorgeous _ and terrific Don Juan, and the beautiful Clemenzadi Tito, lie unopened and an- kriown to) thousands. But the same apathy that Ihave censured in the. stu- dents of the old school, with 2 mixture ‘of puerility is found to prevail within _ the walls of the first theatre in the world; - aod it is matter of. curious moment that we are now in possession of’ the Nery works that are to form the acme ‘of theatrical repres sentation in. a suc weeding age. . oneal Feb, 14. WG, « = Nl! eae the Monthly Magazine. axtoms in favour of RELTETOUS ETBERTY NAN “end! ere tie ¥ RIIGIOUS rete ‘keep out: of office J onily’ the econseientious-and sincere; ‘are ‘never any bar to the ad- ee Of tincoliseientious and’ Griptin: eipled 4 saipidiah ae fr ¥ rr. im « Tf men tsa iti ‘their’ social -duties , oot ulty, and it obedience to the. Inws, Ft o all that the state can with pro- a ny dewgud Of expect of them, -... . Axioms in favour of Religious Liberty. 134, It. ' It is the privilege of every well-disposed — citizen to participate in. the satisfaction and in the glory of serving his country, Iv. Tt is aright of every man to sbare the rewards of the community o€ which he forms a part, and which: arise from res venues towards which he contributes hig due propor tion. v. Greater caution ought not to be used in regard to such as are admitted inte executive offices, than are required of the members of the two houses of par- hament, who are not obliged to receive the sacrament to enable them to vote in either house. VI. A refusal to take the sacrament, from conscientious motives, can by no means render a person suspected, much less disatfected, to the government. NARS The sacramental test is not.a. mere form, but is equivalent to a.solemn, sub- scription of all the articles,of faith, ‘dise cipline,and, worship, of the church. af England; VIII. If it be a crime: not to. take.the sacras mentaccording tothe usage of the church of England, every one ought to be’ pu- nished for not doing its if it be no crimes those who are capable and are judged fit for employments , ought not to be punished by a law of exclusion, for not doing thas ican which it is no crime to forbear. | ints "To set a stigma on men for religigng opinions is an act of intolerance ; “to divest them of rights, or subject them to penalties, is an act of persecution, ms Jealous -and illiberal poliey against dissentients, makes . those enemies to the church who. otherwise would only be nori-conformists.. The church can never be in danger till the opinions of wlarge! portion of the people are malvereg to its principles ! xT. \Relibion and government are so en- tirely distinct, that what supports the one, destroys the other. By power go- vernment ‘subsists, but by force tug . relivion is sebverted, Xr. * Good governments ean only be sup. parted by good laws; true religion cant only be preserved by making no human laws about it. 1 AITLe 196 History of Literature, from the earliest Periods: [March 1) boos Come ' ‘Though the doctrines of an establishéd éhureh may be true; and its commarids ‘reasonable, yet) if aman believes the one and obeys the other, because en- joined by the civil powers his belief arises out of the willof men, not from the grace of God; and his obedience is merely civil, not religious. XIV. If it be contended that government ought to provide for the public support ef religion, it does not follow that uni- formity is necessary. \ Xv. » Were it conceded that a particylar mode of faith and worship is necessary, it does not follow that it-ought to be maintained by excluding persons of other pe a from public trusts. It would be‘sullicient that it were supported by a general fund. XVI sy The property of the church is the rea property of those who at present possess 1¢,‘and the reversionary property of every family in the kingdom: a stronger bara tier than tests and jealous policy. - XVII. Scotland affords a refutation of the adage “ No bishop, no king,” and the rights of any members of a community ought net to be taken away as security’ against hypothetical dangers, , XVIED. No: man should be regarded as cri- minal -for adopting religious opinions, which force themselves upon his convic- tions. by the strengtli of their own evi- derice. bub. Religious opinions can never be detri- mental to society; if they are true, they ought to be propagated, that they may be universally adopted; and if false, that they may be confuted. d > eae When no civil duty is: violated, no civil punishnient or privation can -be justly inflicted. When religious. otions become personally injurious to.others, it is then only that they- become cognizable by the civil magistrate, Sais EX Persecution, or intolerance, is founded on a principle Ly which men arrogate to themselves the faculty of knowing otlier men’s Opinions, and of foresceing all the consequences which must. or will. flow from them. j ; Common SENSS, Joo. 1810, ; ‘ r For the Monthly Magdzine. "+ The ursrony of LivERaTuRE, from the curliest perion till the DEsrRUCTION — of the ROMAN EMPIRE. © O trace the various gradations of excellence, to behold one period adding its own discoveries to the expes rience of another, and to observe the progress of each successive age in wis- dom and science, is a disquisition in the highest degree useful and entertains ing to a@ liberal mind. Even apartial investigation into the progress of im- provement, is, to aman of business, an agreeable relaxation ; to him who is not confined for subsistence to any parti+ cular profession, it is a. pleasant, if not a necessary, source of employment; to: the phi'osopher it affords matter of wonder and admiration, and lays a foundation for the most interesting discoveries. An enquiry into the rise and progress of literature, with which the arts: and Sciences are intimately connected, is, perhaps, the most interesting that can be offered to our notice. We can cous template man at first rude and unre strained; afterwards obliged by neces+ sity to submit to laws, and cultivate the arts of social life; while bis advance- ment in science and the liberal. arts, kept pace’with his proficiency. in virtue and cultivation.. This, we know, lias ever: been the case in the original fore mation of states and empires. It is also: gratifying to observe, from what small beginnings, and by what slow gradations, the most polished nations have arisen from the greatest depths of ignorance and barbarity, to the atmost heights of tearning and politeness, There are ree volutions in the literary as well as in the political, world, an enquiry into which would atford equai pleasure to the curious or inquisitive observer. The decay of learning and knowledge is generally rapid in proportion to its advancement: hence nations succeed each other in literaryemie nence, as well’as in political’ superiority. However necessary, useful, and enter« taining, the disquisition may be into which I am about to enter, it has been very httle touched upon, for a very ob-: vious reason, The nature of the under- taking appears to present innumerable obstacles to its success. The difficulty of obtaining materials for a work of thig kind, and of arranging them when ob- tained, deters the more wealthy writers; while poor ones have the additional dis= advantages to combat—of want. of time, and wat of money. “It is a painful ; consideration,” asirt “History of Literature, from the earliest Periods. Eonsideration,” says sir William Jones, “ that the profession of literature, by far, the most laborious of any, leads to no real benefit or ttue glary whatsoever, etry, science, letters, when they are not made the sole business of life, may become its ornaments in prosperity, and i most pleasing consolation in a change f fottune’; but if aman addicts himself entirely to learning, and hopes by that Sithe: to raise a family, or to, acquire What so many wish for and so, few ever, -obtajn—an_ honourable retirement in his féclining age, he will find, when it is too Tate, that he has mistaken his path; that other labours, other studies, are necese, sary; and tliat unless he can assert his Own independence in aciive Jife, it wall avail him little to be favoured by. the learned, esteemed by the eminent, .or, recommended even- by kings.” _A dis- quisition of this. kind resembles aiexten- sive.tefritory, in which are scattered.in profusion all the beauties of , nature, whose extent deters the dulland, indo- ent from entering it; whue the pleasant objects ‘which jt presents to view, , fully repay the active and persevering for theig urs Ma So) ty, goal aio gd-iiw di dalits dou The delights and advantages resulting from literary acquisitions are universally acknowledged. There are few su igno- ant as ta heunable to extol them, and ew so uncultivated as not.to wish for their enjoyment, They are the, general topics.of discourse, the general subjects of declamation,, ‘This general confession of the utifity “of literature, renders edu- cation more general ; education promotes the diffusion of knowledge and learning; which contributes to general happiness, by efarding a source of useful occupation and rational entertainment... . Tris delightful to observe, in the,ocaan of time, some few who have been able to elevate themselves’ above the undistin- guished mass with which it is covered, without possessing. any previous advan- ' tages superior to those of their feilow- combatants; and when they sank, have eft a mark which not evén succeeding stortns could eradicate. Those were the then who have soared above the common race of ‘mortals, and to whose elevation we look up with awe and admiration. . I shall now endeavour to give an acy count of the progress of literature from the earliest periods to the annihilation of the Roman empire, which, together with the destruction of the Alexandrian li- brary, occasioned the suspension of lis terature, arts, and sciences, _ The task which lt now undertake is of Moriary Mac, No. 210, 187 such a nature, as to require that I should expatiate a little on the, aistory of the periods which have been most celebrated for. producing examples of Jiterary emi- nence. -Indeed, without an acquaintance with the historical events of the age in which any great. writer flovrished, and without..a knowledge of what peculiar advantages he enjoyed, or of what pes culiar disadvantages, he laboured under, we are destimnte of a great additional source of. pleasure... For instanee, there are few so totally devoid. of taste, as. to be unable to_relish the great and natural beauties of Homer, althongh they be igs norant of his. life,,.and of, the circume stances of the times, in which he lived; But ,how greatly, must.'their surprise, pleasure, and adiniration, in¢rease, when they, ar&, informed, that the, author: of poems,, which, evince a most luxuriant unagination combined, with the greatest koowledge.of nature, and, most/extensive acgueintance, with the manners of man- kind, Jiyed at,a barbarous: peried,.when his native country, Greece, was tern by inter ial, commomongs.and that hewas a wanderer, and, blind,during a ‘great part Of lip bess hie ersdaid. To xuosciait _ This undertaking requires neither any peculiar, effusions of fancy, ner, any ree markable felicityof diction. . Lt-hawever requires a_eonsidgrable decree of. dili+ geuce, ia order ta.collect.sufficient, Jie terary facts, and, biographical anecdotes; some. judyment will also, be necessary to select and. aryangé the materials, whe obtained,.. If, therefore, my readers will allow me the credit of -possessing these two qualificatigns, I shall consider the time and trouble fully repaid, |... 4 « In the execution of this iplan, I shall probably, introduce. critiques op -the works of different authors, and compas isons of the respective merits of many, who have excelled in the, branches of literature which they made the subject of their contemplation, and who are sup- . posed to resemble one another. in many respects. Neither shall I confine my- self wholly to an: account of the: state of literature; but I shall take frequent Opportunities of mentioning the prevail+ ing habits,and customs, together with the progress of laws, arts, anil sciences, in the countries of which I may happen to treat, . particularly in Greece ang Rome,’ many of whose Jaws, &c. we have adopted. Ne" An account of the Greek and Roman writers) must necessarily engage the greatest. part of my. attention, since to themalone we are indebted for our 7 Ss knowledge 156 knowledge, however little, concerning the preceding ages; with the excéption _of the Jewish writers, who have related no more concerning the history of other countries than wis absolutely necessary from its’ connection with that of: their own. Hence, I shall enlarge upon the two great literary ages among the an- cients; the former of “hich, named the Grecian Age, commenced about the time of the Peloponnesian war (a period no less celebrated for its warriors, than for its writers and artists,) and terminated in the time of Alexander the Great: and the latter of which included: the reigns of Julius andAugustus Cxsars; and, like the former age, was distinguished also by its generals and conquerors. In each of these periods; the poet and historian eoncurred in rendering immortal~ the victorious general, or the object of po- polar approbation. The historian exerted all his faculties, and employed all the arts of eloquence and-high-colouring, in order to magnify the prowess, or exag- gerate the achievements, of him whose actions he admired, or whose favour he wished to conciliate; while the poet, actuated by the same motives, rendered harmony of numbers and poetical li- cense, subservient to the same’ design. The greatness of their subjects, their de- ‘sire of ‘superiority over each other, and perhaps the peculiar advantages of the periods at which ‘they flourished, were most probably the chief cause of the ani- mation which: those writers in general possessed who flourished together at the above-mentioned ages ; and which ren- ders their perusal such an infinite source of pleasure’to every one who possesses a refined taste and cultivated imagina- tion. On this account, all-who have any pretensions to the characters of Jovers of literature, are supposed to have at ‘zast a competent’ knowledge of the ‘productions of the best orators, poets, Finideace) vhilosophers, &e, ‘or instance, it is necessary not to be totally ignorant of the works, beauties, or at least subjects, of Herodotus, Thu- eydides, and Zenophon, among the bis- torians; Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, among the philosophers; Demosthenes, Eschines, and Isocrates, among the orators; Pindar, Aschilus, Euripides, Sophocles, Aristophanes, Menander, Anacreon,-and Theocritus, among’ the poets; all of whom lived during the Grecian Age. I have here omitted many otters, of whoth we ‘ought to. know something, such as |lomer-and Hesiod, wecause they did not flourish at the ‘sam Journal of a recent Voyage to Cadiz. . -: [March iy period with those whose names I hay mentioned. A knowledge, however lite tle, of the following “writers, who flou- rished in the Roman Augustan age, is also necessary ‘to those who would be esteetned men of Jearnife : viz. Catul- lus, Lucretius, Terence, Virgil, Horace,* Tibullus, Propertius, Ovid, Phedrus, Cesar, Cicero, Livy, Sallust, Varro, and Vitruvius. Such being the importance of an ace quaintance with these two literary pe- riods, I shall expatiate to a consider- able length on the principal writers ia them, and afterwards proceed to state the chief causes of the decline of litere aiture among the ancients. I shall conclude with the devastation of the Ro- man enipire, by barbarians, and the des stroction of the Alexandrian library, by Omar. (Tobe continued. ) For the Monthly Magazine. JOURNAL of a recent VOYAGE tu CADIZ,~ {7 OU have seen how we have hi- therto been déceived on the state of affairs with tlie enemy; if the Spanish cause do not end in the pre- tended deliverance of the country, I do, not think it will be the fault of the peo- ple, but of their leaders ; for there must be a radical defect somewhere; and 1 the old system of keeping the people in ignorance be pursued by the Junta and the priests, what benefit will the country obtain should they even succeed in rér pelling the French? Ferdinand IV. is now idolized; he is the watch-word for the priests, ‘and it is those who frighten’ the peasants into the belief, that without supporting his cause they shall all be slaves. The latter have done their duty in the field wherever they could nieet the enemy with advantage; but they have too often been led by traitors; or, if they are unsuccessful, the failure’ is im-' puted to treachery; and it is much questioned, whether the Junta is not come- posed of as many members as defective ia. patriotism, as it is of those who really Inay maintain the cause they espouse. They are without energy in their niea- sures, for they are superannuated old men; they are without firmness in their decisions, for they are too weak as a body to enforce them; and they are di- vided in their councils, because one half of them dreads the effects if they should at last be unsuccessful in their pretended (I repeat this word) endeavours to save the country. chal It is but a few weeks since Cas- tanos was sent towards Madrid with of . | tw cnty fl q pet 811.7 twenty thousand men; he met the enemy unexpectedly near Cuenca ; his army re- treated without scarcely firing a gun; they dispersed in the end, and left their arms and baggage to fall into the hands of the French. Castanos was accused of treachery, he was sent to be tried at - Seville, and the people were crying out -thathe should be punished. I cannot learn that his conduct is likely to be ex- amined into, for he is a prisoner at large at Seville, and walks where he pleases, attended by a guard of honour, A friend of mine lately came from thence, while the French army were at Teuxillo, about one hundred and thirty miles off; he says, he never could. have imagined that the inhabitants would have been so indifferent to their impend- ing fate; and that if the enemy had ap- peared before the piace, their careless- ness was such, that they would rather have yielded to him than have made any ‘resistance; and that at this very time a French Chargé d’Affairs was permitted to reside there, and received attention from persons connected with the govern- ment. It seems, that when treachery is sounded in the army, it has its first rise from the fountain-head ; there is’ no doubt now of Morla having given up Madrid, of his wishing to sacrifice every Spanish army; and by some unaccount-_ able means the Junta and he have con- trived to blind Mr. Frere, our ambassa-- dor, so far as to make him, according to report, recal the British army when on its retreat from the capital, at a moment when the place had actually been taken by the French. But I am telling you what you will be better informed of al- ready ; for I dare say, that the facts are known in England, while we judge only ’ ffom contradictory intelligence circu lated here. In the mean time, there is at fength some shew made towards protecting this place; the fortifications are putting into 4 state of defence; the cannon arg to be mounted on the ramparts, and additionat forts constructed, A number of foreiga- ers have been arrested ; those who belong to any country in alliance with France, | have had their property embargoed, their shops locked up, and their pergons arrested; no distinction was made be- tween such as have resided here all their’ lives, and the more recent inhabitants. any of them, aware of the event, with- drew to ‘Tangiers, and some are gone to Gibraltar, his measure of the gover- nor’s has proved to be a humane one; for the rage of the populace. was at ome * Journal of a recent Voyage to Cadte. 139 time so great, that they had assembled in the streets, calling out for vengeance on every Frenchman they could. find. This was on a Sunday; the governor went to the theatre and informed the audience that things were going on well; he was believed, their fury was allayed ; and at midnighta file of soldiers entered the houses of the foreigners, explained the reason of their visit, and in this mane ner they arrested upwards of two hun. dred persons. The countenances of the inhabitants hetray their fears of what will happen;. every man suspects his neighbour to be an enemy; the. first question in the morning is, for the news of the day; and the last at night, what report shall we have to-morrow? The streets are crowded with groupes of men, conceal- ing their desponding looks with the, cloak, and shrugging their shoulders in terror; scarcely a smiling face is to be , seen. The theatre, it is expected, will. - be shut; and the governor has issued an address to the people, recommending the utmost decorum to be observed there, , even in dress and behaviour; as well as the practice of religion and morality, on. all occasions. Card-parties are in many families suspended, and have given place to the making of cartridge-cases, and picking lint for the use of the army. Certain it is, that the Andalusians. have great reason to dread the presence of the enemy. The short time that Du- pont’s army was in command of the pro- vince, until its defeat Jast July, at the battle of Baylen, has sufficiently shewn them what is to be expected from their conquerors. ‘The system of plunder that they exercised, almost surpasses belief. The most costly and elegant articles of gold and silver, and the most trivial trinkets, were taken from the people; whatever had the appearance of being valuable did not escape them; even plated buckles and buttons, and paltry ornaments of dress, in abundance. The plunder was publicly exposed for sale at the custom-house, and the room ap-« peared as if it contained the rummage of a score of pawn-broker’s shops in St. Giles’s. Among other articles were a number of pewter-plates, which the. owner it seemed had preserved in a bright. polished ‘state, to deceive the eye, and looked like silver, and some. large wedges of gold and silver mixed together, by melting of articles which were probably too .cumbrous for the’ knapsack, ss, ' 2 have not heard’ of any singularly” alreeioug 149 atrocious acts,committed by the French soldiery on this occasion in Spain; but T have been well assured, that the com- niissioners in Portugal who examined the plunder of Junovs army, found in the Knapsacks fingers with rings on them, A friend of mine, who was at Lisbon just at that time, tells me, that, while the French were in the city, it was custo. mary for the officers to receive invita- tions to ‘dinner, and to card-parties, among the inhabitants; and that, on one of these occasions, the lady of the house Yad ventured, contrary to the advice of; her friends, to decorate herself with trinkets, &c.; in the course of the even- ing, the French general, who-was pre- sent, was observed to notice them, and it was concluded that the lady would soon be obliged to part with them. On the following morning a polite note was received from the general, requiring. their delivery to the bearer; which, of necessity, the fair owner was compelled ‘to comply with. Untit the last summer, you may re- collect, this place had been garrisoned a considerable time by the Fren¢hy, as well as many other parts of Spain, utider the pretence of attacking Gibraltar, “What- ever the grand motive might have been, the government was so weak as not. to be able to resist it; and the Prince of Peace so base as to promote it. I do not know that I can better describe: to you the yielding disposition of the Spanish cabivet to the will of the French emperor, and the burdens and losses which it has sustained 1 consequence of it, than by quoting to you the words of Don Antonio de Campany, secretary to the Academy of History, from an excel+ lent little pamphlet which he has lately ublished, and dedicated to Lord Hol- hind, entitled, the ‘* Centinel.” «Po assist an intimate friend and ally, (Napoleon) or rather to obey him, we have had our navy destroyed in less than six years, by the loss of eight three- deckers, twenty-six of the line, and as many frigates; our arsenals plandered to the amount of many millions, and the Joss Of twenty thousand. sailors. Na- poleon forced from us the maintenance of troops in money, to the amount of twelve millions of dollars a-year; and he exacied them with the authority of a sovereign ; and, on the least delay of pays ment, threatened us with conquest. His sovereiynty increased with his power, our timidity with our weakness; and in the three first months of the war with England, the nation lost in ships, car. Journal of a recent Voyage-to Cudiz. (ach ty goes, and money, upwards of forty mil-, lions of dollars.” Campany pleasantiy, says, “ that it is time the people should, be undeceived, and be told of the de- prayed intentions of the atrocious Cor- sican, who, under the title of an ally, had. left them without a shirt; and with that, of protector, would take away their skin, which was all that remained belonging to them.” - We may hete say with Addison : “¢ With what a dreadful course he rushes-ony From war to war. In vain has nature, formed Mountains and oceans to oppose his passage 3 » He bounds o'er all; victorious in his march, - The Alps and Pyreneans sink before him 5 Thro’ winds, and waves, and storms, he works his way, ‘Impatient for the battle.” During this period, the French having, the principal command of the country, the people were treated as those of-a conquered nation, and not as allies, whose blood and treasure were appro~ priated to them. The custom-houses, and public offices were filled by their appointments, and the courts of justice were directed by their will. An instance occurred which shews the authority of the French influence; wherein the con-. sul, Monsieur Roxant, the resident here, seized, and procured to be condemned, a. Dutch merchantman, with its cargo, be-. cause a mahogany table was on board of English manufacture; pretending, for , this reason, that the cargo was, and must be, for British account. The printers used to publish in praise of the French, they dared not do other- wise; and the battle of Trafalgar, they were forbidden to relate, with all its cire cumstances, although it occurred within their sight and hearing; the shopkeepers. bent to the times, and for awhile every thing was made French. A _ watch. maker, with more policy than prudence. perhaps, altered his sign, and signified that he had learnt his profession at “Paris ;” but he has since changed this notice, and has actually written that he» is a watch-maker from ‘ Madrid.” The people have now changed their tone; a Frenchman. scarcely exists in Cadiz, (the few that are permitted to remain dare not stir abroad, and they have the national lock and seals afixed to their doors). It is dangerous, and par- taking of treason, to speak the French language, especially in the streets, OF UL guardedly among those by whom one 1s, not known. r ' oth AG Aa Y.ROCEa, 9, FORRCUMAG SA beta sie 1811]. >: _shot in the street by a volunteer, because he refused to surrender, himself, and wefied any one to come near him, by menacing them with his knife ;-on being told that if he did not yield he must take the consequences, he composedly folded his arms in derision, and ordered the man to fire: he levelled his piece, and the poor fellow instantly felldead. Another was stabbed while drinking at a wine- shop, because he refused to join in a “ Viva!’ to Ferdinand. But the most re- markable individual punishment that a Frenchman has undergone, is in the case of one who was generally noticed and respected by several genteel fami- lies; but who, unluckily for him, con- ceiving he was insulted by a boy who seemed to siog @ Spanish national air purposely to deride, him, was so impru- dent as to strike this boy in the street ; the consequence was, that he was obliged to fly; a hve and cry was immediately raised against him; a mob assembled, they sought him, and heard that he had goneto a friend’s for protection; this friend ‘was threatened with the forfeiture of his life if he did not discover him; the Frenchman was taken, the governor in- terfered, and the man was sent to prison, and ignominiously flogged several times ; he was not allowed to see his family, and was nearly starved. The mob ina body could not forget the outrage ; they wanted his life ; and it was with difficulty that the prison could be guarded against ther, This man had a wife and children, de- pendant on his success in teaching his _,. Scarce: Fracis, Ke.” 4k native Janguage; they. became great! distressed, and his friends have sl somely, contributed to their relief; bus it, was with much caution that they ven< tured to assist the husband. The affair has nosy nearly dwindled away, but it i not generally known what is hecome of the man... That such a trivial affaiz should have agitated the city for dayg may, appear strange ; and it will the more astonish you when [ relate that this young singer is only a beggar boy, and the most deformed and ugly wretch that canbe seen, The mother mingled pa rental affection with ber vengeance, and exclaimed, at the head of the mob, that “ her child should not be disgraced by a blow from a-Frenchinan without’ her avenging it 1” - i Caricatures, placards, &c. are now exhibited in every direction, in ridicule of the French: the Spanish. lion is made destroying the French eagle. Joseple Bonaparte is represented on his throne in the character of a drunkard, (whichs by the bye, is. the worst of-any in the eyes of a Spaniard, as intoxication. is avoided and despised fram the highest ta the lowest) and in his flight trom Madrid, he is on a restive berse, in the act of throwing him, while his crown falls from his head, and he exclaims, ‘Oh, Spain has forsaken me because of my cursed misdeeds |” ‘Among an innumerable quantity of squibs, is one which. whimsically de- scribes a military and political barometer and thermometer as follows: The whole nation of Spanish ? The spirit at these degrees has burst the tube, and will not valour and heroism = - Wickedness, fraud, and deceit, of the pre- sumptuous Emperor of the French * This The fortune of Bonaparte } graduate at any point, pa 2 One hundred degrees above 0.” ies chad rapidly risen to the highest degree, and) begins to fall equally rapidly, and it is expected to disappear withoug fixing at any degree. 4 “SCARCE TRACTS, WITH EXTRACTS AND SCARCE BOOKS. ANALYSES OF It is proposed in. future to devote a few Pages of the Monthly Magazine, to the insertion. of such Scarce Tracts as are of an interesting Nature, with the Use of which we may be favoured by our Correspondents; and under the same Head ta _ introduce also the Analyses of Scarce and Curious Books, Pike : LLIAM PENN, and the vRiaL by surx. pe great, singular, and, intrepid,. Englishman, whom it is here pro- posed to exhibit in a new. point.of view, was born in London in the year 1644. His father, who was an.adimiral of some note, not only assisted in the capturg of a. Jamaica, during the protectorate of Cromwell, but also served with applause, under the Duke of York, Having dise tinguished himself in a sea-fight with the Dutch, he was knighted, ata sduntlet into favour, notwithstanding his zeal duriig the usurpation, 5; > “Young ‘4 * Young Penn eompleted- his education ‘at Christ Church, and, as he then gave an early presage of bis future talents, a fond father, doubtless, formed high ex- pectations of the fortunes of so acconi- plished a son. But. those hopes were apparently blasted by a most extraor- dinary event, for our Oxonian suddenly became a convert to the doctrines of the’ quakers, a new and an‘ obscure sect ¥ suspected by the royalists, and odious to the reigning monarch, ‘So recently had their peculiar doctrines sprung up, that George Fox, the founder, was still alive ; and William Loe, one of his most zea- lous disciples, who had inlisted the sub. ject of this memoir under his banners, | Ia imitation of his master, was about to travel into foreign countries, for the sole’ purpose of propagating the faith abroad, : The enraged parent remonstrated in wain; his threats to discard, and even to disinherit, his only son, were of no avail; for filial obedience was not proof against acall of the spirit, and the sacrifice of a father’s love, and a father’s wealth, appeared, in the “heyday of life, and: amidst the fervoys of enthusiasm, to be only a step towards that martyrdom of which he then seeminéd to be ambitious. The admiral, however, never forsook him entirely ; and it was through his iif tercession that the young man was re= lieved from prison at Cork, after having beea committed for preaching there, Notwithstanding this incident, which might have abated the fervours of one Jess replete with zeal, we find our young quaker on, his return to London, em- ployed in writing and publishing a book, for the express purpose of shewing the benefits to be derived from suffering; afd this very book, intitled ‘ No Cross, vio Crown,” was the cause of his suffer- ing anew, as it occasioned his commit- tal to the Tower.. On his release, he persisted in his former.course of life, and preached fre- quently in public; but, notwithstanding this, the admual at length becaine re- conciled to, and bequeathed him, his whole property, which was pretty con- siderable. ‘(hat very year in which the fatter died, was rendered memorable by the bold, manly, and patriotic, conduct of a son, who, notwithstanding the sin- gvlarity and seeming quaintness of his religious opinions, would have conferred honour on the noblest family in the kingdom. Persisting in his original in- tentions, and neither swayed by worldly mterests on one hand, nor alarmed by the fear of a very jealous, Ny saa Infamous Trial of Penn: [Match I FY and arbitrary, government, on the other, Mr. Penn pursued that career which he considered to be pointed out by a sense of duty. Notwithstanding a body of soldiers had taken possession of the meeting-louse in ‘ Gracious-street,’# August 15, 1670, he preached in the immediate vicinity as before. On this, he was apprehended, committed by the Jord-mayor, and tried for the same, along witht William Mead, at the Old Bailey, 6n the first, third, fourth, and fifth, of. September following. On this occasion, the bench consisted of Samvel Starling, Lord Mayor. John Howel, Recorder. ~ “'Phomas Bludworth, ~ William Peak, * Richard Ford, Sir John Robinson, Aldermen, er Shelden, ichard-Brown, John Smith, oe James Edwards, Sherifts, It is important here, that the names of the jury should be also recorded, not only as a-mark of respect to them, but: also as an example to their fellow-subs jects, viz. é : 1. Thomas Veer. 2. Edward Bushel. 3, John Hammond. 4. Charles Milson. 5. Gregory Walklet. 6. John Brightman. 7. William Plumsted, 8. Henry Henley. » 9. James Damask. ©” 10. Henry Michel. 11. William Lever. 12. John Baily. The indictment. purported, “ that Wil-: liam Penn, and William Mead, the lat- ter late of London, linen-draper, with divers persons to-the jurors unknown,, to the number of three hundred, did un- Jawfully assemble, and congregate them- selves with force of arms, &c. to the disturbance of the peace of our lord the king: and that William Penn, by agrée- ment between him and William Mead, did take upon himself to preach and speak, in contempt of the said lord the: eee | * Gracechurch:street. . + On enquiry it has been discovered that Mr. Mead had been originally a tradesman in London ; but, during the civil wars, he, like’ many ethers, obtained a commission in the army, and was known by the appellation of Captain Mead. It isnot atall improbable, that he took the same side as William Penn's father ; and, indeed, his conduct on this otca-_ sion displays somewhat of the republican ims. trepidity of those days. “if e kings 7 a ashi): ~ king, and of his law, .to the great dis idrbatce of his peace, &c.” * Having pleaded ‘ Not guilty,” the court adjourned until the afternoon, and’ the prisoners, being ayain broughit to the bar, were there detained during five hours, while house-breakers, murderers, ’ &c. were tried. On the $d of Septem- ber, the same ceremony took place as before, with only this difference, that on one of the officers pulling off the hats of the two prisoners, the lord mayor ex- claimed : “ Sirrah, who bid you put off their hats? put on their hats again!” Recorder to the prisoners. ‘“ Do you know where you are? Do you know it is the King’s court?” ' Penn. ‘* Uknow it to be a court, and Suppose it to be the King’s court.” scorder. ‘* Do you not know there is réSpect due to the court? And why do you not pull off your hat?” Penn. “‘ Because I do not believe that to be any respect.” Recorder. “Well, the court sets forty marks a-piece upon your heads, as & fine for your contempt of the court.” Penn. “I desire it may be observed, that we came into the court with our hats off (that is, taken off); and if they- ave been put on since, it was by order of the bench; and therefore aot we, but ~ the bench should be fined.” * After this, the jury were again sworn, 6n which, Sis J. Robinson, lieutenant of the Tower, objected against Edward Bushel, as he had not kissed the book, and therefore ‘would have him sworn again, “ though indeed, it was on pur- pose to have made use of his tenderness of conscience if avoiding feiterated oaths to have put him by his being a juryman, apprehending him to be a per- ‘son not fit to answer their. arbitrary ends,”* oT ~ James Cook, the first witness, being salled, swore that he saw Mr, Penn’ speaking to the people in Gracechurch- street, but could not hear what hé said, on account of the noise. Richard Read deposed exactly in the same manner: and to the same effect; but added, that » * See a scarce and valuable tract, printed for William Butler, 1682, and entitled,“ The Péople’s aritient and just Liberties asserted, in the Trial of William Penn and William Mead, at the Sessions held at the Olid Bailey, &c. agiinst the most arbitrary proceduse of that eourt.”” £ Woe unto chem that decree unright- gous decrees, and write grievousness, which they had prescribed to turn away the needy from judgement, andtake away,” &c. deci. x, $2 ; eet. 7’ Infamous. Trial of Penn, 14$ he “saw Captain ‘Mead speaking td. ieutenant Cook, yet what be said he could not tell.” The third witness was: equally incompetent to prove any thing against Mr, Penn; and as “ for Captain Mead,” said he, “I did not see him there.” . a Bre 1} Mr. Recorder Howel.. “ What eay you, Mr. Mead, were you there?” ~ .. William Mead. ‘It is a maxim of your own law: nemo .tenetur accusure selpsum; which, if it be not true. Latin, I am sure it is true English, ‘that no man is bound to accuse himself:’ and. why dost thou offer to.ensnare me with such a question? Doth not, this show, thy malice? Is this like unto a Judge, that ought to be counsel for the prisoner at the bar?” Pe ie eer Recorder, “Sir, hald your tongue ; I did not go about to ensnare,you.” : Penn. We confess ourselves to be. so far from recantiny, or declining to vindicate the assembling of ourselves to. preach, pray, or worship, the eternal, holy, just, God; that ‘we declare to alk the world, that we do believe it to. be our indispensable duty to. meet incese sautly upon so good an account; nor- Shall. all the powers upon, earth be able to divert us from reverencing and ador- ing our God who made us.” . POs Alderman Brown. “ You sare ‘not here for worshipping God, but for:breake ing the law ;. you do yourselves. great, wrong in going on in that discourse,” Penn... **] affirm, I have broken no law, nor am I guilty of the indictment that. is jaid to my charge; and to.the end the bench, the jury, and myself, with these that hear us, may bave a more direct understanding, I desire you would let me know by what law it is you pro- secute me, andupon what law youground my. indictment?” Recorder. ‘Upon. the common law.” ir eines ” . Penn. “ Where is that common law?” ; ’ Recorder. You must not think that Tam able to run up so. many years, and ever so many adjudged cases, which we call common law, to answer your curi- osity.” | Penn. “This answer, I am sure, is very short of iy question; for, if it be common, it should not be so hard to pro- duce.” — ; : Recorder. Sir, will you plead to your indictment ?” ; Penn. “Shall T plead. to an indict- ment that hath no foundation in law? If it contain that Jaw you say I have broken, 144 Broken, -Whiy should you declie to pro- duce that law, since it will be impossible for the pty to determine, or agrée to bring in their verdict, who have not the law produced by which they sshould mieasute the truth of this indictineyt, and the guilt, or contrary, of my fact?” “Recorder, “ You are a saucy fellow ; speak to? the indictment.” (At this time sederul upon the bench urged hurd upon the poner ‘to bear hint dbo. ) Pern? '*'P say it is my place to speak to'matter of law; L am atraigned a pri- sonér ; my liberty, which is next to life post 18 WHW ebiicerned ; you are many mosiths and’ éars against me, and if [ must not be allowed to make the best Of my Gds@,' itis hard ; T say again, unless you shew me, and the people, the law you ground your indictment opon, I shall take it fer granted, your proceed- igs dre merely arbitrary.” Recorder. “ The question is, Whe- ther you aré guilty of this indictment?” ‘Penn. >“ The question is not whether Fam guilty of this indictmeit, but whe- ther thi iidictmerit be legal? It is too general and’ inpelfect an answer, to say itis dié’éommon law, uviess we knew Both wifereaind what it is; for where there id td IW; there is fo transgression ; and that law whieh is not in terng, is so fair" freSttt béifig ¢ common, that itis no law at ail” ** Recortere “You aive'an impertinent fellow WONT yor teach’ the court what few GeO des Ler non scripta, that _ Which! many have® studied thirty or forty ré'to'ktiow, atid would you! have me 6 tell you'ifi a momeiit?” © Pénn: ““ Certaiily, if the ‘common awit so hard to be understood, it is far from “being comtnon; bur if the lord’ Ookeje i hs Enstitutcs, be of any con- sideration, he tells us, that common law 38'cOmiNon Nebt, and that comnion right is the greatchar ter of privileges confirmed ¢ Henry's, 29), 25. Edwdtd 1; Zand 2; Edward Ili, 8. Coke Instit. 2 p. 56. Pdesign no Afifont’ to the court, but to be heard’ in’ my just plea; and I muse plainly'tell you, that if you will deny me Over of the law, which you’ say I have broken, you do at once deny me an -Ac- knowledged right, and evidence to the whole world your resolution to sacrifice the privileges of Englishmen to. your sinister and arbitrary designs.” Recorder. .“ Take him away: my dont if you take not some course with this pestifent fellow to stop his mouth, we shall not be able to do any thing to- night.” ‘ ‘Bcarce Tracts; &e. {March t, ~ Lord Mayor. © Take tinh away, taka him away; turn him into the Baile Dock.” Penn. © These are but so many vaint éxclamations:, Is this justice or true judgment? Must I therefore be taken away, becadse I plead for the funda- eg Jaws of England ? However, this I leave upon your consciences who are of the jury (and. my sole judges) ‘that if these ancient fundamental Jaws, which relate to liberty and property, aud are not limited to particular ' persuasions in religion, must not be indispensably main« tained and observed, who can. say he hath aright to the coat upon his back?” Recorder, _“ Besilent there.” Pénn. “Lam not to be silént ina case wherein I am so. much concerned, and not only myself, but many ten thou. sand families besides.” They now dragyed him into the Bailé Dock ; but William Mead, being’ still felt in court, spoke as’ follows: ** You men o the jury, here I do now stand to answee to an indictment against me, which is a bundle of stuff, full of lyes and falsé- hoods: for therein am I accused, that met vi et armis, illicite et tamultuose, Time was when I had freedom to use a carnal weapon, and then T thought t feared no man ; but now I fear the living God, and. dare ‘hot make use thereof, nor hurt any man. You men of the Jory who are my judges, if the recorder will not tell you what makes a riot, a rout, or an unlawful assembly, Cook (Coke,) he that once they called the lord Cook (Coke,) tells us, that a riot is, when threé of more are met together to beat a MAD, or to enter forcibly into another. man’s Tand, to cut down his grass, his wood, or beak dow n his pales,” Recorder. I thank you, Sir, that you will tell me what the law is,” (scorn= Sully palling off his hat.) Mead. “Yhou mayest put on thy hat, I have never a fee for thee now.” ‘Aidernin Brown. He talks at random ; one while an independent, ano- ther while some other religion; and now a quaker, and next a pa ist.” Mead.“ Turpe est os cum culpa redarguit ad ipsum.’ Lord Mayor, “ You deserve to have your tongue cut out.’ Recorder. “ If you discourse in this manner, I spall take occasion aaa ou.’ Mr. Mead having been now alse thrust into the Baile Dock, the following charge was given to the jury, in the ab- sence of the prisoners, Recorder, 1811.] ‘Recorder. ‘You have heard what the indictment is: it is for preaching to the people, and drawing a tumultuous company after them; and Mr. Penn was speaking. If they "should not be. dis- turbed, you see they wil! go on; there are three or four witnesses that have proved this, that he did preach there, and that Mr. Mead did allow of it; after this, you have heard by substantial wit- nesses what is said against them. Now we are upon the matter of fact, which you are to keep to and observe, what has been fully sworn, at your peril.” Penn. (With a loud voice, from the Baile Dock.) “TL appeal tothe jury, who are my judges, and this great assembly, whether the proceedings of the court are not most arbitrary, and void of all law, in offering to give the jury their charge dn the absence of the prisoners. I jsay it is directly opposite te, and destructive of, the undoubted right of every English _ ‘prisoner, as Cook “(Coke) in the @d Inst. 29, on the chap, of Magna Charta speaks,” Recorder. “« Why ye are present ; you do hear, do you not?” ‘Penn. Wo thanks to the court that commanded meinto the Baile Dock ; and “you of the jury take notice, that I have not been heard; neither can you legally fils’ the court before 1 have been fully beard, having at least ten or twelve erial points to offer; in order to in- ‘valid their appointment. | Recorder. ‘ Pull the fellow down; ull him down.” ! _ Mead, “ Are these proceedings ac- cording to the rights and privileges of Englishmen, that we should not be heard?” 5 Recorder, the hole.” | The jury were now desired to go up- stairs, in order. to agree upon a ver= lice; and the prisoners remained in ‘the : ‘stinking hole.” After an hour anda jars time, eight came down agreed, but four remained above, until sent fart he bench used many threats to the four that Cisggnced ;and the Recorder, addrese sing himself to Mr. Bushel, said, ‘¢ Sir, you are the cause of this ‘disturbance; * Et manifestly shew yourself an abettoy “ Take them away into F AgstiO I shall set a.mark upon you r derman Sir J. Robinson,: licbtenant t= of jie Tower. ‘ Mr. Bushely:I have fr n you near this fourteen years }you h thrust yourse!f upon this jury, be- enTHLY Mas, No, 210. Scarce Tracts, &c.- 145 cause you think there is some service for you; I tell you, that you deserve to be indicted more than any man that hath been brought to the bar this day.” Mr. Bushel. ‘No, Sir John, there were three-score before me; and I would willingly have got off, but could not.” Alderman Bludworth. “ Mr. Bushel, we know what you are.” Lord Mayor. “Sirrah, you are an impudent fellow; I will pat a mark upon you!” The jury being then sent back to con- sider their verdict, remained for some time; and, on their return, the clerk having aiked in the usual manner, ‘“ Is William Penn guilty of the matter where- in he stands indicted, or not. guilty?” the foreman replied, “ Guilty of speak- ing in Gracious (perhaps Grace- ‘church,) street.” Cave “Ts that all?” foreman. That is all I have in commission.” Recorder, “You had as good say nothing,” : Lord Mayor.’ ‘Was it not an un- . lawful assembly? You mean he was speaking to a tumult of people there?” Foreman. © My’ lord, this was all I had in commission,’ Here some of the jury, seeming SE tay buckle to the questions of the court,” Mr. Bushel, Mr. Hamond, and some others, opposed themselves! and said, “they allowed of no such terms as an unlawful assembly: “at which, the Lord- mayor, the Recorder, Sir'J. Robinson, lieutenant of the Tower; ” and alderman Bludworth, ‘ “took great occasion,” says our authority; “to vilifie them ‘with most opprobrious * ‘lavigyage ; 2” and this verdict, not serving their ‘turn, the Recorder expressed liimself thus: “ The Jaw of England will not allow you to part ill: you have given in’ your ver- dict, therefore #o and cohsider it once more.” On this the jury declared, that the had given in their verdict, and oul give inno other, They withdrew, how- ever, after demanding and © obtaining pen, ink, and paper; ‘and, returning once more, at the expiration’ of half 2 an “hour, the foreman addressed *himself to ‘the clerk of the peace, and,’ ‘presenting fs Following decision; said, Here rata ver dict; f We the jurors, ee Hee do find William, Penn to be oily, of speaking’ or preaching” to “an ‘assembly, met together in Gracious-street, the 14th gt August 146 of August last, 1670; and that William Mead is not guilty of the said indict- ment, ‘ Foremen. Thomas Veer. Edward Bushel,” &c. Lord Mayor. “What! will you be led by such a silly fellow as Bushel? An impudent canting fellow; E warrant you, you shall come no more upon juries im haste: you are a foreman, indeed! [ thought you had understdod your place better.” Recorder. ‘‘ Gentlemen, you shall not be dismissed till we have a verdiet that the court will accept, and you shall be locked up without meat, drink, fire, “and tobacco; you shall not think thus to -abuse the court; we will have a verdict _by the help of God, or you shall starve for it.” Penn. My jury, who are my judges, ought not to be thus menaced ; their ver- dict should be free, and not compelled ; the bench ought to wait upon (for) them, but not forestal them. I do desire that justice may be done me, and that the arbitrary resolves of the bench may not be made the measure of my jury’s ver- dict.” Recorder. Stop that prating, fellow, ‘or put him out of the court.” Lord Mayor,‘ You have heard that she preached, that he gathered a com- pany of tumultuous people, and that they not only did disobey the martial power, but the civil also.” Penn. ‘It is a great mistake ; we did not make the tumult, but they that interrupted us! The jury cannot be so ignorant as to think that we met there with a design to disturb the civil peace, since, first, we were by force of arms kept out of our lawful house, and met as near it in the street as their soldiers would give us leave; and secondly, be- cause it was no new thing, and it is known that we are a peaceable people, and cannot offer violence to any man, The agreement of twelve men is a ver- dict in law; and such a one being given by the jury, L.require the clerk of the peace to record it, as he will answer at is peril. And if the jury bring in ano- ther verdict, contradictory to this, I affirm they, are perjnred. men in law.” Then, looking towards them, he empha- tically added, ‘* You. are Englishmen! mind your privilege, give not away your right !” § aged . “One of the jury having pleaded indis- Infamous Trial of Penn. [March 1, position, and desired to be dismissed, the Lord-mayor said, “ You are as strong as any of them; starve them, and hold your principles.” Recorder. ™ Gentlemen, you must be contented with your hard fate, let your patience overcome it; for the court is re- solved to have a verdict, amd that before youcan be dismissed.” Jury. “We are agreed !” «Fhe court now swore several of its officers to keep the jury all night, withour meat, drink, fire, &c. and adjourned to seven o'clock next morning, which proved to be Sunday. They were then brought up as before, when, having per- severed in their verdict, Mr. Bushel was reproved as a factious fellow, by the lord-mayor; on this he replied, that he acted “conscientiously.” The other observed, that such a conscience would eut his throat; ‘* but F will cut your’s,” added he, © so soon as I can,” “ Mr. Penn now asked the Recorder if he allowed the verdict given in respect to William Mead? That magistrate re- plied, No; as they were both indicted for a conspiracy, and one being found “* Not guilty,” and not the other, it could not be a verdict. ©’ “ Penn. “If Not guilty be not aver- dict, then you make of the jury, and Magna Charta, but a mere nose of war! { afirm, that the consent of a jury isa verdict in law; and if William Mead be not guilty, I am clear, as I could not pos- sibly conspire alone.” “The jury again received a charge; were sent out; returned, and presented the same verdict. On this, the Recorder threatened Mr. Bushel, and said, ** While he had any thing to do in the city, he would * have an eye upon him? The lord-mayor tetined him a pitiful fellow, - and added, “I will cut his nose.” Penn. “tis intolerable that my jury should be thus menaced: Is this according to the fundamental laws? Are not they my proper judges by the Great Charter of England? What hope is there of ever having justice done, when juries are threatened, and their verdicts rejected? Tam concerned to speak, and grievous to see sach arbitrary proceedings. Did not the lieutenant of ‘the ‘Tower render (treat) one of them (the jury) worse than a felon? And do you not plainly seem to condemn such for factious fel-_ lows who answer not your ends? Un- happy are. those juries who are threat- ened to be fined, and starved, and ail ; ed, 1911] ed, if they give not in verdicts contrary .to their consciences.” a Recorder. ‘ My lord, you must take 2 course with that same fellow.” Lord Mayor. ‘Stop his mouth. Jai- tor, bring fetters, and stake him to the ground.” Penn. “Do your pleasure ; I matter - Rot your fetters!” j Recorder. Till now, I never under- stood the reason of the policy and pru- dence of the Spaniards, in suffering the Anquisition among them: and certainly it will never be well with us, till something like unto the Spanish Inquisition be in England.” “The jury were once more required to, give another verdict; Mr. Lee, the clerk, was also desired to draw up a spe- cial one, which he declined; and the Recorder threatened to have the jurors “€ carted, about the. city, as i Edward TIL.’s time.” The foreman remonstrated in vain, that-any other verdict would be a feree.on. them to save their lives ; and the jury refused to go out of court, until obliged by the sheriff Qn this, the caurt immediately adjourned, until next morn- ing at seven o’clock, when the prisoners were, as usual, brought from Newgate, and, being placed at the bar, the clerk demanded, ‘ Is William Penn guilty, or not guilty?” Foreman, Not guilty!” - “Ts William Mead guilty, or not guilty ?” Foreman. Not guilty!” The bench be- ing still dissatisfied, each of the jury was reguired to answer distinctly to his name, which being done, and they proving unanimous, the Recorder spoke as fole lows: ; “Tam sorry, gentlemen, you have fol- Jowed your own judgments and opini- ons rather than the good and wholesome advice that was given you, God keep my life out Bhyaut hands! But for this the court fines you forty marks a-man, and (commands) imprisonment until paid.” William Penn. ty, being freed by the jury.” Lord Mayor. “Wo, you are in for fines, for contempt of the court.’’ enn. ‘$I ask if it-be according to yo the fundamental laws of England, that . any Englishman should be fined, or amerced, but by the judgment of his peers, or jury? since it expressly contra- dicts the 14th and 29th chapter of the | _ Great Charter of England, which says, _ *“No freeman ought to be amerced, but by the oath of good and lawful men of the vicinage.” _ Recorder.: «* Take him away, take him away; take him out of court,” - Infamous Trial of Penn. “I demand iy liber-- 147 Penn. ‘1 can never urge the funda : mental laws of England, but you cry, Take him away, take him away! But it is now order, since the Spanish Inquisition hath so great a place in the Recorder’s heart. God Aimighty, who is just, will judge you all for these things.” So far this curious tract. Both jury and prisoners were now forced into the Baile-Dock, for non-pay- ment of their fines, whence they were carried to Newgate. These proceedings, of course, aroused the attention of a na- tion, justly jealous of the government of such a profligate and arbitrary prince as Charles IT. and indignant at the conduct of such a judge as Lowel. Sir Thomas Smith, about a century before, had con- sidered the fining, imprisoning, and pu- nishing, of juries, to be violent, tyrannical, and contrary to the custom of the realm of England ; while the eelebrated Sir Mat- thewHale, who had been chief baron of the exchequer, and chief justice of the king’s bench, in this very reign, observed, in his Pleas of the Crown, p. $18, that it would Le a most unhappy gase for the judge himself, ‘*if the prisoner’s fate depended upon his directions, and unhappy also for the prisoner; as, if the judge’s opinion must rule the verdict, the tral by jury would be useless.” Edward Bushel, a citizen of London, whose name deserves to be handed down . to posterity with applause, immediately sued out a, writ of . Habeas Corpus. Upon the return, it was stated, that he had been committed §* for that, contrary to law, and against full and clear evidence cpenly given in court, and against the direction of the eourt in matter of law, he, as one of a jury, had acquitted Wil- liam Penn and William Mead, to the great obstruction of justice.” ‘This cause was at length heard in the superior courts; and, after a solemn argument before the twelye judges, the above was resolved * to be an insuflicient cause for fining and committing the jury. They weie accordingly discharged, and they broughtactions for damages. Eleven years afier this, William Renn bent the whole ferce of his capacious mind to a great and noble undertaking, Having, in 4681, obtained from ‘the crown the grant of a large tract of land in America, Since named Pennsylvania after himself, as a compensation for the -arrears due to him as executor to his fathef, he took over with him a colany of | Quakers, and founded Philadelphia, or the City of Brethren, in allusion to their union and fraternal affection. After thus establishing «.' id eel Ae : 148 establishing ‘the beginnings of a future empire, and propounding a body df laws, this traly great man, who reflects so niuch' lustre on the name of Englistinan, re- J - . Oniginal Poetry, [March 1,, turned to his native, country, and died at Beaconsfield, ini Berkshire, of an apo- plexy, in 1718, at the age of seventy-* four. OMA ¢ OER es ‘ ORIGINAL POETRY. a THE HYPOCONDRIAC. TimemmMipsuMMER Noon, DNnutT for toil, unable to collect ~ A fixed attention; pained to grasp the thoughts That books present, or close pursue mine own ; ‘ Weak, weary, wretched, at the sultry hour Of noon, Tissue forth with nerves unstrung, Half-lifeless, and unheeding where I stray, Till, crossed the sun-burnt lawn, I reach at length, With many a slow sad step, the sloping bank, ; Where the pale willow droops athwart the stream 5 Here, though I taste not gladness, will 1 stretch My languid frame, beneath the chequered shade, Haply to find a mitigated pain, And lightened feel this burthen of myself, Till day’s meridian fierceness be o’er-past. Now all is mute, and the right-downward beam, That browns the pasturage, and drains each flower Of all its freshness, shrivelling up its leaves, Falls too'on herd and cattle; round ‘the deer 4, Lie faint beneath their beech-shades, while the flacks Stand idly in the shallows of the brook, Fanning off insects with the slow-swung tail. Where now are all the gambols of their young, The frisking antics of the morning hour ? When midst the fresh and sparkling dew they leaped, And the cool air breathed gladness? Now the lark, That with the sun had ristn, and upward sprung Joyous to heaven-gate, carolling her lay, Folds up her russet pinion, and withdraws, Languid and silent, to yon inmost ‘grove. Such o’er all nature is th? cppressive sway Of noon-tide heat! ah! lifce the leaden _ mace : Of Tyranny, that numbs each heayen-born power, And levels low all energies of mind ; Or the yet heavier rule of dumb Despair, That with its weight breaks dowa each ine ward spring. Me too, th’ intenseness of the sultry beans Has sunk in langoor, drained my’ nimble spirits, Exhaled the health and marrow of my brain; A heavier load of atmosphere appears To press around me ; painful ’tis to breathe, An effort ev’n to lift the listless hand, Yet not alone with herds and flocks I share Meridian feebleness, Ah! me, ’twere well, If this close air and burning sun subdued Only my animal frame; but who ¢an tell The wretchedness, the loathing of my life, With its vain toils, vain pleasures, ‘that attend : This Incubus of Day ? who can recount All the sad thoughts he wakes within my breast. ' Time was, when, eager in life's joyous prime, This bosom knew no heaviness; gay Pleas sure Danced like a blooming nymph before my path, ‘ And, pointing to her rose-bowers, beckoned me ‘ To pluck their sweetness; ardent fancy sketched, With rainbow hues, upon the pendant veil” That bid futurity, a brilliant scene, Fields ever fair, and skies without a cloud; Then every nerve was thrilled with hope _ and joy 5 Or, if a transient sorrow claimed a tear, It fell and vanished Jike an April shower5 And all again was sunshine, promise, peace: Or, if [ upward looked, lo! Glory sate High on a rock, and cheered me to ascend, To claim a niche within the marble fane . That crowned the steep ; with glowing breast I heavy’d . From the low vale, and bounded at her call, Like a young roe along the mountain side. These days—-no more of them—Qh ! Bons they are, ; For ever gone. Even in tHe spring of life The rose-buds died, The curtain is drawn Up, And lo! the scene is sad reality. And did I fondly ween, Ambition, crowned With glad success, would compensation yield For Pleasure’s lie, for Fancy’s vanished bliss! Ah! envied few, ye comrades.of my youth, With whom I started in life’s eager S45", , "see 1811.] And like whose glorious course mine might have proved ; Nor lingering, nor misled, with panting \" hearts You pushed right onward, while the loose- zoned maid Unheeded crossed your path; her syren song Assailed your soul, but soon, as from a rock, Rolled back a wasted melody 5 tor still Ppeasicn stedfast looked towards the goal, hile Reason, with his wand, your chosen guide, Dispelled Imagination’s air-built fangs, Ans promises of bliss to indolence. Your toil is o’er, and yours is now the palm, The shout of. thousands, and the laurel crown; Ah! envied !—When together we set forth, Yes! I was fresh and vigorous as you, And might, like you, have speeded. the race Is run and Jost, and I, unpraised, unknown, Follow inglorious;—doomed to hide my shame Midst the low crowds of mediocrity : Past is my pride, my honor among men. In those itlusive hours, when Cheerfulness Conducts Reflection, and bears up the heart ; Placid, seli-satisfied, the mind will turn Tnward its contemplative eye, and smile ; Then all looks glad and joyous, as creation, When fresh and fragrant from che summer shower Now Ir glitters in the sun: O! then, the soul Panting with ardor, big with conGderce, Deems it has giant powers, and will achieve Things yet untried by man? th’ enthusiast : glow ' Burns in each vein, fire flashes from the eye, The frame’s incumbent weight seems light- ened, raised, Expanded by an energy divine! Yet soon, too soon, the paroxysm subsides In sad ‘despondence * now the powers collapse And sink in lassitude, while all_around The scene is darkened, and the languid eye Perceives no beauty in the earth or heavens, Nor aught to be desired——delights 10 more Orman or woman: science, pleasure, wealth, All the pursuits, the uses of this world, Seem weary, flat, unprofitable, stale: Aht how, no more complacent musings spring From self- -Inspection ; discontent, despair, Jts sole, results 5 while imperfection stains, Or seems to stain, al] objects and all toils, But most of all, in the sud sufferer’s mind, Whate’er nad sprung’ from ~ his inventive brain, And once seemed fair and faultless. With a ye blush, Viewing his own creation, in disgust Fie blots the canvas, or destroys the page. Original Poetry. | 149. Alas! for him, who i in this woe. fraught hour, . Finds nought within to prop hi his sinking Souls No secret flattery, no consciousness, That on the walks of life he is revered, And named with honor by the sage and good— That might be something, echoing their praise, The mind in sweet soliloquy might say, ** Be of yood cheer, ’tis but a passing cloud, © Anon the sun _ will pour his radiance bright, , And all once more wil] .be serene the while **Endure.” But how, if-all the moral past Be buta blank, or worse ; if strong desire ~ To climb to eenbr have.sustained defeat, If no soft welcome accent have approved The cherished view that looked to future times, And grasped the laure] of a century’s growth 5 OQ! who can bear, when such the drear ace count, - Reflection’s horror :—-whio, but feels, can tell! Then all the common-places, which the world Prattles by rote, and thinks not from the ’ heart, That life is brief, and full of cares; delight A passing Rower, that withers as it blows 5 That wealth is worthless, since it cannot buy . Tranquillity; that frien ship i is most false, And Wisdom’s self most vain ;—vain every wish ~ And each research of man, who toiling iong, Is baffled in pursuit, or may succeed ; And grasp a shadow zeethese and many more, The saws of Pédantry with frozen lips, That lectures woe, are realized and felt, Felt with a pain acute it never knew. What then remains, since all is worthless, vain, Beneath a wise man’s aim, a good. man’s hope, But to escape from.this polluted scene, To burst the toil, and flees—-Rash. mind! forbear, Think of the mandate, ¢¢ Tarry till I call 5° * Endure untothe.end; wait, wait th’ sppointed time,’ * Nor rush unlicenced to the judzment-throne, For can’st thou tell what lies “across the gulph? > And were it worse than all thy sufferings here, Say, can’st thou flee from that? Back to thy sheath, detested poniard!—-No, “ Though allthis world be weariness, though - hope Of widdpaee be from me for ever fled, My sole sad prospect butito tozter on Some joyless years, and sink into the grave ; Yet will I bend me to th? awards of heaven, Nor wrest its high prerogative, to say, When I have borne enough: dark are God's ways, Yet not less wise, because unsearchable, In 150 Sri each affliction he détrees, design There is, and doubtless that design is good : In this depression even I now sustain, 5 "This weariness of life, this hate of self, May mercy beat work, And be it so! Look, look, my soul, on thy polluted self, Nor think thou gazest with a jaundiced eye, What now thou loath’st~is thou, is very. thou ! Self-flattery glossed thee in thy brighter hours, Now first thou hat’st, now first thou know’st, * thyself. ha ' Ksow and amend, that when the hoar shall come, That brings thy lawful summons to be gone, Thou may’st depart with dignity and hope. Lo! the wide field of Piety extends, The field of Virtue, fair beneath thy feet: Act well thy part, and smooth thy wrinkled uit brow, And kiss the rod, and do the will of Heaven; Soon will a few short years of sorrow pass, And. bliss, long sighed-for, will at length be thine, Far richer bliss than this low world could yield, } Than wish could seek, than fancy could con- y ccives G. tr TO ———, ON THE RETURN OF SPRING: GAN Ilovely nature see, In all her pristine gaiety, a ev'ry hill and dale between, Cloth’d again in cheerful green? Can I view the shady bow’rs, Deck’d again with varied flow’rs ? Flow’rs enamelling the glade, That bud to die, and bloom to fade? Can the rose its pride resume, And breathe around its sweet perfume ? Extend its beauteous leafanew, With velvet touch, and crimson hue? Can the airy zephyrs bring New graces to the youthful spring, Without recalling to my mind, A’ maid gs fair, but far less kind ? A maid as fair,—for nature’s ¢harms Are centred in her circling arms ; Her checks the rose’s hue eclipse, And all its perfume ’s in her lips. But farless kind; for mark how free ‘The spring extends her charity 5 Dispensing sweetness o’er the ball, Bestows a smile alike on a/i. Why then should’st thou refuse to bless, Since thou can’st please with so much less ? T ask not half so much of thee 5 Béstow a smile alone on me, D. & Original Poetry. [March }, SONG. Tunte=*‘Humours of Glen FAOW fresh is the rose in the gay dewy morning, , ‘That peeps with a smile o’er yon eastern hill. How fair is the lily, our gardens adorning, And fresh is the daisy that blooms by the rill : But Mary, the rarest, the fairest, sweet flower, ; That ever adorned the green banks of the’ ; Main,* ‘ ‘ Compar’d with this beauty, the eglantine bower, Y The rose, and the lily, how trifling and vain ! How lovely her bosom, where friexdship and feeling Still heave for misfortune the dear tender’ sigh; How sweet are her looks, -ev’ry beauty re- vealing ; » And mild is the lustre that beams in her eye. The blush of her cheek still out-rivals Au- . rord, When beauty and music awake the young dawny 3 : And sweeter her smile than the smile of sweet Flora, : When cowslips and daisies bedeck the gay lawn. And, O, lovely maid! may thy beauties stil , flourish, ; Unnipp’d by the blast of Misfortune’s rough gale; May Virtue attend thee, thy goodness te nourish, f And no ruflian hand the sweet blossom assail ! May Fortune’s best smiles, lovely maid, never leave thee, Through life’s fleeting scenes as thou joar- ney’st along, And curst be the villain would seek to de- ceive thee, Or offer thy virtue and innocence wrong ! Let lordlings exult in their titles and treasure, Where courts and where grandeur extend their proud blaze, And proud city-beauties may listen with pleasure, While poets as venal re-echo their praise ; No man shall now boast of the city or palace, Bedecked with their beauties, a gay gilded © train For now there’s a fairer adorns our green val- leysm— °Tis Mary, sweet Mary, the flow’r of the — Main. Ballytrisna, Co. Antrim. Joun Getry. * The principal river in county Antrim, is called the Main. It rises in the northern ~ part of the county, and falls into Lough Neagh, % r i ie -able, without the help of figures. 1811.] Cts): PATENTS LATELY ENROLLED. SS MR, THOMAS MEAD’s, (SCOTT-STREET, orksurre,) for Methods of Making lircular or Rotative Steam Engines, upon an entire new Principle. 3 Saas principle of this invention is not confined to enginesof any particular form, but it consists in making use of two moveable pistons in such a manner that they alternately revolve, or move round their axes or centres, as we shall endeavour to explain, as well as we are There are two circular plates or shells of metal, similar in their construction, having their -insides made very correct. Each of these circular plates or shells, has a flanch and semicircular cavity formed for the reception of the pistons, which are af- terwards described, and a recess or hol- ~ Jow part formed round its centre, fora small circular plate to turn in. Near the edge of each recess is a small groove running quite round; in the bottom of each groove is placed a metallic ring, and the remaining part of the groove is fitted up with packing or wadding, which ring and wadding may be moved with screws ‘going through each shell, and may be turned on the outside of the engine after itis put together atany time, to make the small circular plates work steam-tight. On the outside of each shell, at its cen- tre, is a hollow pipe for the reception of spindles. One of the circular plates has two holes, to which pipes are fitted, one to convey steam into the shells, the other to conduct it from them into a condenser wherever it may be required. The figures attached to this specification exhibit the parts already described, and also two pistons with grooves round them, to ad- mit of a wadding and two small circular plates, to which the pistons are con- nected, or made fast... One of the spindles referred to is made hollow, to receive the other, which is solid, and passes through it. Two arms are fastened to the spin- dies, and each arm near its extremity carries a wheel, called a friction-wheel; a fly or regulating wheel, fixed to one end of a moveable axis, having in its front, Opposite to its axis, a groove ruuning across its diameter, for the reception of the friction-wheels, which wheels, when the pistons are putin motion, work in it, and give motion to. the fly-wheel, and ‘other machivery which may be con- nected with it. All the parts being de« scribed and shewn in the drawings, we are told; when the engine is to be put together, the arms should be taken from the spindles, and the solid one fixed into that which is hollow, which, with their respective pistons, and small circular plates, are to be placed in one of the shells, and the other placed over them: the shells are then to be fastened together, with screws or otherwise, so as just to ad- mit the pistons with their respective plates and spindles to turn round in their respective chambers nearly steam-tight ; the arms may then be made fast on the spindles, and the engine erected. Di- rections are now given for fixing the ma- chine, which being done, and ready to be set to work, the steam is permitted to enter by one of the pipes into the steam. cliamber, where, by its elasticity, it wilt ‘press or act upon both pistons nearly alike ; and, as one of the pistons is stop- ped or held fast, the steam cannot pass into the other pipe that way, but will force the other piston round with its small circular plate, spindle, arm, and friction- wheel, and put the fly in motion, and continue it. A similar effect may be produced with a concave globe, or sphere, having within it two moveable ‘semicire cular leaves, as substitutes forthe pis- tons, with packings at their edges, and united in the centre or axis of the eloba with hinges, and having each of them an axis passing through the globe to receive the arms and. friction-wheels, and with holes, pipes, &c. for the admis- sion of steam. Engines on this principle may be made of every size, and may be put in motion by air or ‘water as well as steam. The invention may be applied to engines for extinguishing fire, or for raising or forcing water to any height, and for other purposes of practical utie lity. —E MR. EDWARD SHORTER’S, (WAPPING,) Sor an Apparatus for Working Pumps. _ Mr Shorter, in) describing his inven- tion, says, he fixes at the stern or after- part of a vessel, an -axis‘nearly parallel to the horizon, and in a fore and aft die rection, so that one of ‘its extremities’ may be within boardyand the other, viz, the aftermost extremity, shall either be without board, or so placed as to admit of the fixing of an external apparatus on it, intended to produce a rotatory motion in the said axis, by means of which the pump or pumps of any description may he 152 be worked, a connection being made be- tween the said axis and the pump, by any of the well-known «methods. The rotatory motion is produced by apiece of mechanism cailed the fly, and which is drawn through the water by the motion of the ship, and is. made to move round by the re-action of that fivid, or other- wise; in case the ship beat anchor ina current or streain, the direct action of the water produces the same effect. . The fly is made of wood, or other suitable ma= terial, and may be constructed after the manner of the sails of the windmill or smoke-jack, or of any other form that shall present oblique surfaces to the relae tive action of the fluid, so as to cause it to revolve upon the principle of those machines: the said fly is connected: with the aftermost end of the horizontal axis, by, means of a spar, or chain of metallic rods, or arope; and flexibility is given” to those parts of the gear wherever it may be necessary, by .means of universal joints, &c. The patentee adds, that his apparatus may be used to work the pumps of ships, and other vessels, by ex- posing the fly of proper dimensions to the action of the wind instead of water. * Saat i MR. BRYAN DONKIN’s, (BERMONDSEY,) jfor.a Pen of new Construction. This invention applies to. metallic pens; which are considered by the patentee as a great improyement on, those nade from quills; inasmuch as they will last long without mending, and as the writing pro- duced from them will be mofe uniformly the same than that produced by pens that require frequent repairing. The pens oa this construction are not cylindrical, but the sides are flat or nearly so, inorder that they may easily and pleasantly spring back from pressure when used, and rea-! diiy return to their first. situation; what- ever may be the description of the cha- racters of the writing therewith to be per- formed. - ‘The said: sidescare made: iff separate pieces, and then fixed in a tube or pipe, in an angular position, so as to constitute a pen, They may, however,' be made in one piece ;.and, for the pur- pose of obtaining a variable degree of elasticity to the pen, two pieces of wire! are introduced into the cavity formed hetween the flat sides of the pen and the! outer tube, which give less or more elasti- city, or make a softer or harder pen as they are drawn backward or forward upon the sides: and those parts of the flat sides opposed to each other, and! forming the slit of the pen, rather thicker 2 Patents lately Enrolled. towards the points, in order to prevent the pen from sputtering. 4 a bi ae MR. DAVID MATTHEW'S, (ROTHERHITHE,) Jor an improved Method of Building Locks, and for Opening and Shutting the saine. : The objects of this invention are as follow: to render the construction of Jocks and lock-gates less expensive thaty they have been heretofore; to diminish the pressure of the water upon the gates; to render the locks. less liable to be blown up, and.to work the gates with less labour than has been necessary heretofore. The form of each of the lock-gates, in- stead of being, as usual, square or ob- long, will be such that the depths of the gates will increase from the banging-post to the meeting-post, making the lower edge a straight line, or curved line, de. scending from the lower end of the hang- ing-post to the lower end of the meeting- post: by this means the construction of the gates is less expensive, from their not requiring to be equally strong, and not taking so muchtimber; alsothe pressure of the gates is much diminished, on ac- count of the surface exposed to the fluid being less, and by that means ‘the’ pres- sure against the side walls is also less than in ‘the case of the comnion lock. gates. The gates will shut against a sill in the form of the lower edge of the gates, which sill will project a little way’ beyond the termination of the body of the locls, so as to receive with the hollow quoins the whole pressure of the gates. The body of the Jock will terminate on each side in a plane parallel, or nearly so; to the gates on that side when shut, at a conve- nient distance from the gate. The lower edges of the gates, instead of running on a platform, will move a little above a sur- face,of brick or stofe; which in form has the figure which is swept out by the lower edges of the gates in opening, but i8 placed a little below theig. If the lowet edge of the gate be in @ straight line, it will be a regular conical surface; if a curved line it will be a curved’ conical surface; by thisameans the body of thé lock and the sill form an arch, terminating in a groin arch, the strength ‘of which is opposed to any effort of the water to blow up the lock. Upon’ this surface a circular rib .of iron is raised, having the same centre with that on which the gate turns ; on this’ rib the gate will turn b means of aroller. The rib will be mo: conveniently placed, so as to be always under the centre of gravity iy ee ; “an [March iy 1811.] and motion will be communicated to the gate, by means of a pinion, and rack segment, whose centre wall, also be the centre of the gate’s motion., One end of the rack segment will be fastened to the back of the gate, the other end will run into the wall, by means of a culvert, having a corresponding circular direction to meet the pinion, which will be turned: by a capstan at the surface of the ground, List: of New. Publicationss 153 ’ The rack may be fastened to the bottom of the gate, and may be supported by rollers running on the circular rib, con- tinued into the wallas far as necessary ; or the rack may be fastened to the centre of the pressure of the gate, and may be constructed of wood and iron, or iron east hollow, so as to be as nearly as may be of the specific gravity of the water. —_—_—_—————— NEW PUBLICATIONS IN FEBRUARY. a ANATOMY. STEOLOGIA; or-an. 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PRUE method of shortening the pains ¢ of death when hanging, as prac- - tised in France, bad a truly tragi-comic effect. Every culprit had a separate gal- Jews, made like a gibbet. The culprit ascended before the executioner, who, having adjusted the cap and the rope, ‘the hands ‘being already fastened before the culprit one under the other, pushed him off the ladder, and stepped. into his hands, took hold of each shoulder, and wriggled the-body violently to and fro ull it was lifeless. A’ wit observed, on this, that the French were so fond. of gancing,; that they made their criminals g° a-capering into the other world. . |. THE SCOTCH AND IRISH. rhe Liliputians despised ail the world but their own little island. The Wha. _want-m -trotters, a nation of Indians tu me the North, hold the Liliputians in so _ fittle estimation, that they would scalp them all for a bawbee, and sell their king into the bargain, for French claret and brandy. The Erin-go-brahs, ano- ther nation of Indians, united now to the Lilipatians and Wha-want-me-trotters preter a potatoe, salt, and liberty, to all the forced meat.of an union. P SCOTCH MODESTY. _ J was in company with a wit, and 3 tchuman; the conversation turued upon Uva - national courage, &c. The latter ob- served, “that a Scotchman dare show his front where an Englishman dare not show his rear.” “That is very true,? replied the wit, “ because an Englishman bas more modesty in his - than a Scotchman has in his face.” BRIMSTONE, An out-rider to a druggist, being in Bristol; was recommended to a person who was said to deal very largely in the article of brimstone. He waited upon him, expatiated-at length on the superior quality of his brimstone, and wished for ap order, The doctor, surprised, assured him he ‘was mistaken, -he did not deal in the article, being a minister of the gospel, and complained of the insult offered him; adding, that if the rider would come to his shop in the evening, he would furnish him with a large-stock of spigjtual hrinstone. . SGOTCH COURAGE. ¢*Scotchmen will face the enemy; they will meet death at the point of the bayo- net and the cannon’s mouth!” “ Yes,” observed a wit, “‘ they prefer death to the chance of returning to their barren native country.” ; Wak, Why don’t the people petition against wars in thelr commencement, rather than towards their close? Evils whigh ’ might . 156 might, have it prevented, by a. philan- thropiec foresight, fall as a punishment upon them for their selfishness and cupidity after the mamihon of unrighte< ousness. ‘ HONOURS FOR GENTLEMEN. - When I was in Kentucky, in the year 7794, an Irishman of the name of M‘Coy, who had formerly been a shoe- black, but had become wealthy, hap- ened to say, that there ought to be a distinction between gentlemen and me- chanics. The populace were not hack- ward in improving the hint, by parading him in effigy, with all the paraphernalia of his office; and concluded the, ceres ' nony by the purifying honours of a bon- re. THE MAID OF BALDOCK. _ This celebrated, rustic beauty was yamed Mar y ‘Cortiwall, and was’ married about nine or ten years to Henry Leo- nard, a carpenter, of Baldock. She has been dead between thirty and _ forty years, and lies buried in Baldock church- yard, where the writer has seen her gravestone. She was of the middle size, and ,a fair, good-looking, woman. She had one daughter, pratense to Joseph Green, a cooper, of Harlow-bush, in ¥ssex. She died of ‘a quinsy, from her inability to swallow, The song was pos pular in her own days, and she frequent- ty avoided market-places and fairs, where ut was constantly sung by ballad-singers. She used to be engayed to work at plain- work in the family of Mr. Pym, at Proceedings of Letrpnet Societies. [Match ty Rodwell, and lived by her industry. “Her father gave her but. 1001. or 1501. when she married, so that she was indebted to ber merit fon her celebrity... >. ' The following is the song once” 80 popular: Who has e’er been at Baldock must needs know the mill At the sign of the Horse, at the foot of the hill, Where the grave and the Bays the clown and ‘the beau, Without all disthaction promiscuously go The man of the mil] had a daughter so fair, With so pleasing a shape, and so winning an air, That once on the hay-field’s green ‘bank as I stood, J thought she was Venus just spats frota the flood. But looking again, I perceiv’d my saan For Venus, though fair, has the look of a rake ; While nothing but virtue and modesty fill The more beautiful looks of the lass of the mill. * Prometheus stole fire, as the poets do-say, To ¢nliven the mass he had modell’d of clay; Had Mary been with him, the beam of het he ae Had sav’d him the trouble of robbing the skys Since first I beheld this dear lass of the mill, I can never be quiet, do whate’er I will ; All day and all night I sigh and think still T shall dic if I haye not the lass of the mill, PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES, | i ee ROYAL INSTITUTION. O circumstance is of mote frequent N° occurrence in the history of sci- icé, ur more to be regretted, than the powerful influence of great names in re- tarding the progress of knowlerige. The oung ‘student of nature, in the course of fei inquiries and experiments, frequently meets with fucts at variance ‘with re- ceived systems, and suspects the evid dence of his senses, or the correctness of his observations, when they lead to conclusions that oppose the principles on which these systems are founded. The fear of ridicule frequently prevents bim from pursuing bis inquiries; and ages perhaps pass away before some one more {gurageous traces the same path, and ventures to attack the errors whieh have been consecrated by time. When the philogistic system of che- mistry ‘was overthrown by that of La- voisier, the ‘chemists of “Frarice ‘were joined by the philosophers of every part of Europe, and fortified by a new no- menclature, their theory seemeéd to bid defiance to ull the attempts which were made to oppose its authority. Forta- nately for the cause of science, a young philosopher, Mr. Davy, appeared about the same period, who, by ‘steadily pursuing the hints which the discoveries of Bennet and Volta had offered, ap- pears to have arrived at a station "from whence the arrangements of matter, and the operations of cheinical ageney, pre= sent 1811.J } sent themselves under a view entirely hew. A revolution in many «parts of chetnical philosophy is at hand, and per haps it will -be found’ that the progress of snowledge is not sufficiently advanced to expect the permanent establishment of any system of chetnistry, which, like that of astronomy, will derive additional confirmation from the observations of €ach sicceeding age. We ought not, however, to suffer the brilliancy of Dr. Davy’s discoveries to impose upon our judgment; it is desirable that his con» ‘clusions should be examined: with the Same freedom, and the same candour, with which he has opposed preceding theorves. It is our intention in the fole towing Numbers of our Magazine, to pre- Sent our readers with a general view of this experiments ‘and discoveries, that bear immediately upon received systems ‘of philosophy, in which we shall include those he is announcing in his present Jectures at the Royal Institution. We shall in this Number advert tosome new Opinions, which, if established, are of Considerable importance in préttical chemistry, and other branches of datural philosophy. In his second lectue he Stated, that he had by decisive experi» ments proved the doctrines of Berthollet respecting chemical ‘affinity to -be erro. héous, Bergman, and former chemists, who had treated on this subject, had ‘always supposed thar two substances which combine with a powerful chemical affinity for each other, could ‘not be separated from ‘this combination by a ' third substance, which. had-a weaker affinity to either of them, whatever quans tity of the third’substance be employed in the experiment.» This was the unis versally-established opinion, till the cet lebrated Berthollet, by a variety of exs periments, which were admitted ‘as con clasive, made it appear ‘that the’ most powerful combinations might be decom- pounded by ‘substances with “weaker chemical affinities. « This doctrine is advanced in his “ Chemical Statics,” and his ““ Researches respecting Chemical Affinity,” and this Jaw ¢stabtished. “In comparing the affinities of two bo.» dies for a third, a weaker-uffinity in one bf the two, will be compensated by in- creasing the quantity.” Tt “was muchi easier to admit the authority of Berthol- let, than-to repeat and vary his expe- riments; his doctrine was generally res ceived, and chemistry was degraded from the cank of 4 science, ‘to a mere cullec- Proceedings of Learned Societiess 157 tion of insulated facts. Por, were this doctrine true, uncertainty must. attend all the operations of chemistry, and the powers and. laws of chemical aflinity could never admit of being numerically expressed, or become the subject of -cal+ culation. Dr. Davy stated, that, in ald the cases where two substances were separated from. their combinations by a third, having a weaker affinity, the expe- wiment had not been accurately made. The sglphat of barytes, or - barytes united with the sulphurie acid, for which. it has .agreater affinity, than any known substance, had been separated from its ‘combination by potass; but Dr. DB. as- serted, that when ‘this had been done, it had been done by double affinity; the carbonic acid of the potass uniting with the barytes, and the sulpharic with the potasss When pure potass .was used, and the experiment was made in vacuoy ‘no decomposition of the sulphat of barytes was effected, whatever propor- tion of potass might be used in the exe periments. In all the other cases which the had repeated, the decomposition of ithe substances \having mote powerful affinities by weaker ones, had been cases of double affinity in some instances, the water of sulution had itself formed a part ofone'ofthenew campounds. . , Every practical chemist will be dee Sirous ‘to see a full detail of these:expe- riments, by Dr. Davy. . Hewill also be anxious ‘to know how. Dr. Davy will ex- plain those eases of double elective affinities, in which the quantities em- ployed appear materially to affect the pesults. It is:stated, by Dr. Henry,.that, if one part of common-salt,be mixed in amortar with half its.weight-of red oxyd of lead, and-made into.a paste with water, no decomposition takes place after twenty-four hours, ‘Increase the weight of the oxyd of lead to three or four times that of the salt, and a decomposition of the salt will be effected. Before it can be admitted that the quantity, or mass, has no effect on chemical affinities, it remains to be proved, that in cases 6f double, as well.as of single, elective afli- nities, the intrease of quantity has no effect on the result, farther than satura- ting a greater or smaller quantity of one of the substances decompounded. The peculiar views of Dr. Davy re. specting animal-heat, will be the subject of future remark. In the present Nume ber, we shall notice those opinions on this subject, which he delivered this year 1 in qs in his third lecture at the Royal Institu- tion ; because, we conceive they are not supported by the experiments which have been made in this country, and those very recently made in France, te- Jating to respiration and animal heat. Dr. Davy stated, that he believed ani- mal heat was not produced by the abe sorption of oxygen, in the act of respira- tion, as Crawford had supposed; but, » that it was the result of all the changes and organic actions which’ were taking place in living animal bodies. He said that Mr. Brodie had lately exhibited some experiments before the Royal So- ciety, in which the nerves connected with respiration, hed been destroyed, and life and circulation ‘continued, but anattended with the production of ani- mal heat. Whence'he inferred, that the iervous system was more necessary to its production than the sanguineous, or than respiration and circulation. Of the amanner in whith these experiments were conducted, we were not informed; tut, from what we have since learn- ed, we believe, that air was forced by @ pair of bellows into the lungs of a tabbit, after the nerves connected with ‘the lungs had been cut. This experiment appears to us to have been improperly conducted, if it were intended to decide the cause of animal heat. A current of air blown into the lungs, might itself lower the temperature of the body. The experiments of the French fphilosophers appear less liable to objection, as a pas- sage was opened to the lungs, in order to admit access of air after the section of the nerves had been made. The respi- ration which had been suspended, re- sumed its action, accompanied with the usual change of the venous into arterial blood. These experirients we shall state here, as we believe no account of them has yet been published in this country. We shall introduce them with observing that Dr, Davy gave an account of the experiments of Dr. Fordyce and others, in which animals’ had been confined in rooms heated to more than 212 degrees, and, after remaining a considerable time, the temperature of the blood was. not raised more than two degrees. This et+ fect Dr. Davy attributed to the force of the vital principle controling the agency of material elements. “Dr. Franklin suspected that the ex- planation of this fact must be sought an the increased perspiration whieh the heat ‘occasions, it being’ an ackuowledged Proceedings of Learned Societies, [Maro 45 principle, that evaporation df every kind | produces cold. M. De Laroche the Younger, published some experiments, made in common with Mr. eteary in which, these two philosophers observed a very sensible augmentation of heat in animals exposed to a high temperay ture, in atmospheres of sufficient humi- dity to prevent. the transpiration, of moisture both from the skin and the lungs.. He stated, that animals, under such circumstances, increase in heat toa certain point, beyond the medium degree of their own natural temperature, and the temperature of the room in which they are inclosed, because the heat pro- duced by their !respiration, 1s added te that of the atmospbere which surrounds them. He has thus refuted a chimerical property attributed to the vital princie ple, and has proved that the illusion arises. solely from the cause suspected by Franklin.” , ' M. Depuytren, a little time since, made experiinents, which appear, in some dex gree, to sanction the conclusions of Dr,. Davy, from similar experiments of Mr, Brodie, which we have stated... These experiments consisted in cutting the eighteenth pair of nerves which go to the larynx, the lungs, the heart, and the stomach, As soon as the section was made, the animal began to languish and die, and the blood ceased to acquire the arterial quality in its passage through the Jungs, although the necessary functions of respiration were not deranged in a degree proportionate to such an effect, Mr. Blainville has taken up the subject, and opposed the conclusions of Mr. Dur puytren; he has observed, after the sec- tion of the same pair of nerves, deranges ments in the functions of the stomach, which have contributed as much to the death of the animal, as the derange. ments of the pulmonary functions.. He has even decided, after these experiments, that there js no..interruption in the change of the venous into arterial blood, M. Dumas, professor at Montpellier, having opened a passage for the air to the lungs f those animals, which had suffered the operation. of. cutting the nerves, has seen that respiration res sumes its action upon the blood. It ig prover! by a variety of other experiments, (of which an account Is given in the re+ port of the National Institure,)that,when this operation is performed, and there is venous blood, the animal has experi. enced suffycation from a sudden con- , ia strictiog iat. mail ¥8i1.). Biterary and Philosophical hitelligences”. striction of the larynx, and this effect takes place soonest in young animals. The effect of the operation is tu prevent the access of air to the lungs; but, when another passage is opened, respiration is €arried on, and the change of venous into arterial blood takes place, in the same manner as before the section of the nerves, mit ) It was announced by Dr. Davy, that he had, by the action of the voltaic battery, produced hydrogen, or inflamma- ble air, from carbon, and some of the metals; and he believed, that future dis- ~ coveries would prove that hydrogen form- “a St ed a constituent part of all inflammable - ‘substances. platina in vacuo, by a powerful voltaic pile of 2000 plates, which is the first time the experiment had been shewn. During the fusion, intense light and heat were produced, and very vivid scintillations were emitted from the platina, which, Dr. Davy sapposed, were occasioned by the separation of an élastic gas, probably hydrogen. The fact of the separation ces from carbon and the metals, - is highly important: if Dr. Davy’s con- _ clusion be established, ‘it will lead to the revival of that part of ‘the’ phlogistic system, which considered hydrogen as _ the base of metals and other inflammable » aubstances. Of this opinion Dr. Priestley He exhibited the fusion of 159 was firmly convinced. A very short time previous to his death, he wrote.a friend of ours in Yorkshire, expressing his firm belief, that before the expiration of ter years, the fact would be fully establish ed, and the illusions respecting many parts of the new theory of chemistry, be completely destroyed by future disco- veries. The voltaic battery, made use of in these experiments, is the most power= ful instrument of the kind which has yes been constructed. The striking distance of the discharge was more than one inch in vacuo, All the’ metals which were acted on by it, immediately fused ; oil, water, and spirit of wine, were rapidly decomposed, and vivid sparks given out from the wires, which were immersed in the fluids, and connected with the two extremities of the plates, Dr. Davy informed us, that he believed the fult shock from it would occasion instanta= neous death. He once, by accident, re+ ceived a shock from a thousand plates > but, the discharge being made upon the dry cuticle of the hand, which is an im- perfect conductor, the force of the shock was much weakened ; and, though it was extremely painful, he did not receive any permanent injury. On examining his. hands, he found the skin burned ‘in’ thas part where the discharge had heem made. ae < { en ‘a VARIETIES, Lrrerary anp PariosoPHicaL. : Fncluding Notices of Works in Hand, Domestic and Foreign. 4%% Authentic Communications for this’ Article will always be thankfully received, i VFXHE Emperor Napoleon, in order to’ pieces of that art, and we learn that the: ~ _# give its proper weight to the Frenclr works of the French painters are equally Fanguage;and tosimplify the acquirement transcendant. As one instance’of Na- ‘ of-usetul knowledge, has’ordered' that all éxercises and theses in the universities throughout Fratice, shall be performed and written in French; and that: a knowledge of Latin and Greek shall, in no department of his government, be _ Weemed a qualification for degrees, ranks, or offices, either political, medi- ! mr a - . ‘ €al, legal, or cletical. The prescriptions _ Of physicians are tobe in French, and the service of the church is no longer to be _ performed except in the vernacular tongue. ~) By an English artist just arrived'from Paris, it appears, thatthe arts of paint= img, sculpture, and engraving, are car- tied tw the highest point of perfection im that capital. We have indeed seen some French engravings recently imported by Golnaghi and Mateno, which are master- - Ses poleon’s patronage of engraving, he lately placed 2,200,000 francs at the disposak of the proprietors of the magnificent se- ties of engravings called the Musée Na poleon, to enable them to- finish it in the style in which it has been’ commenced. It‘ is nut:a little singular thar men’ of letters, chemists, and mathematicians; are preferred’ and employed, inm'every de- partment of the French governments and that the Institute, and every thing appertaining to art and science, is de= scribed as being eminently distinguished and encouraged; at the same time, that an inquisitorial police strikes terror inte every family, and a general distrust and want of confidence paralyses every pri- vate energy of the people; and com- mercial eredit and trade are even in. a. worse a6Q_ ‘worse state in France than they are in England. * city _ The known taste and love of letters, ssessed by the Prince Regent of Eng- d will, we are confident, create, an ho- nourable rivalry.in this species of pas tronage, should it so happen that his Royal Highness continues to wield the power with which, with so much, satisfac tion to the county, he has. lately been invested. The letter, of Mr... Hayter will explain. his Royal Highness’s atten: tion to one of the most interesting lites rary topics of this age; and. we venture to inform the public, that the. period will be Avgustan, in regard to arts and letters, whenever it may so bappen that his Royal Highness shall be perma- mently clothed with the executive autho- rity af the realm. We hail the period when the goveanments of England, ag well those of France and America, shall woite in exciting a literary and scientific competition among their subjects; and hope to survive that iron age, in which, unhappily, the only competition has been in cutting of throats, :qnd ip arts of mus tual injury and destruction. » In: the course of the ensuing month, the new edition of the Rev. Mr. Dis- pin’s Bibliomania, which is now entitled a Bibliographical Romance, will make its appearance. It is’ in six parts and will contain upwards of 600 pages ; being a review of our most eminent scholars and book-collectors from king Alfred to'the late Mr. Gough; with ‘an account of their libraries. In the course ofthe volume, there. is.a copiaus tist,.. with particular notices, of the .most yas. luable Foreign Catalogues; including the public ones of ovr own country. | . We, are requested to, correct a state. ment which appeared in..our last, re, specting the publication of Mr. D:npry’s English De Bure. This work will not be. published- these two years. ..,At. the same time we ace requested to state,that the second volume of the new ediuon af Ames’s, Typographical Antiquities, is als yeady gone to press. - Sir Jonx Cane. has.in forwardness for ubligation .Descriptive Sketches.of the outh-enst Parts of Spain,,and of the Tsland of. Majorca, Minorca, Sardinia, Sicily, and Malta, during a tour im those eopntries:in 1809 and 18105. accampar nied -by engravings. of views taken on the Spot, i « r ba, _ Mr. W. Jacop has in the press, ina quarto:volume, with plates, ‘Travels in Spaing in Letters written in 1809 and Literary and Philosophical Intelligences [March ty é 1810; containing an account of the mae hufactures, commerce, productions, &c, with biographical anecdotes, and a view of Spain under the Mahommedan domi, pion. Gas oben . Dr.. Mtvvar, lecturer .on,,,Materia Medica, in the University of Glasgow, has in. the press Disquisitions, an the History of Medicine; exhibiting a view .of physic as obseryed to exist during remote periods, and among nations nog far advanced in refinement. Mr. Haminton Bruce is preparing; from authentic sources, an elaborate work, giving.a detailed account of all the Scot, tish families of note, from the peopling of Scotland by the Seythians to the pre- sent era ; also.a copjays account of the different Scottish monarchs, and. theit existing posterity. wise , The Rev, Jounson Grant. will, speer dily publish the first volume of a Sommary of the History of the English Church, and_of.the Sects which. have separated from it, from the earliest. pe- riods to the Reign of James the First, _ Mr. Witson has iv the press, and nearly ready for delivery, a second edie tion of the Analysis of Country Dancing, with numerous additions and, improves ments; consisting of a great number of new figures, with some entire new reels, and a plan for gomposing to any tune one thousand different figures; together with the complete. Etiquette of the Ball. Room ; embellished with nearly 260 en= gravingson wood, by BernyMan. The first, volume of the Transactions _of the Geological. Society, in. quarte with many plates, is in the press, an will be ready, for publication in the month of May next. ites nll The. Rev, Dr, T. 2. Witzaxer, the historian. of Whalley and.Craven, an. ers rongous report of whose, death has been circulated. in; some. of the.provincial pas pers, has in the press a. ney edition, of the Vision of. Piers Plowman, printed from M9$.of higher qntiguity than,ang that haxe yet been collated, ayd forming 2 text almost entirely different from, that of Crowley; together.with a pretatary, dissertation, paraphrases, .glassary, and BOCES es 4 | owe £ t0.97(7798 __ Dr, Josrru Reaps, of Cork, has in, the press Critical and Practical Observa- rions on the Diseases of the Inner Cors ner, of the-Human Eye, with a new are rangement,and method of cure. F Mr. Benj aurn Ginson, vice-president of the. Literary.and Philosophical Society of Manchester, and surgeon to the Man- x chester. ? 1811.] chester. Infirmary,’ will shortly publish Practical Observations on the Formation ‘of an Artificial Pupil in several deranged - States of the Eye; to which are annexed Remarks on thie Extraction of soft Cata- racts, and those of the membraneous . Kind, through a Puncture of the Cornea. The work wiil) be illustrated by plates. A Report of the Speeches of the late Mr. Fox in the House of Commons, from his entrance into parliament, in 1768 to _ the close of the session of 106, is pre- paring. The Rev. Jonn Mrvrorp. will soon s publish ** Agnes, the Indian Captive;” with other poems. ff A volume of Latin and English Poems, - by Mr. E. By Impey, isin the press. _» The number of Provincial Banks in . this country decreased from about 280, _ in the beginning of 1793, to about 250, » in, the. beginning of 1797. | Since that » pesiod the increase has been truly asto- _nishing.. It appears that in),1819 the total number of Banks in Great Britain «was 796,) viz. ‘ n Londoa, Westminster, and South- i ark, including the Bank of England the rest of England sibak In Wales Shy hoe Pie 4 - | 95 In Berwick-on-T weed - PE al ed ~ “Inthe Isle of Man - e s 4 / n Ghernsey © °- - - mw) Letts * In’ Jersey Bie atinge tT by sibontt 9 ~ In Scotland - - “ = 1 RENS8S 796 Mr. Tomas Bincuam, of Woodseats, near Sheffield; has invented an improved method of making reaping-hooks, which i and expedition in the manufacture, but, is not-only attended with greater facility as the improved blades are nade of cast steel, they must be far preferable for . Sharpness of the edge and durability, _ The process is as fullows:. When the ° ‘steel comes from the furnace, it is rolled Literary and Philosophical Intelligence. 161 _» The Provost and Senior Fellows of Trinity College, Dublin, have conferred an honorary degree of LL.D. on Pro- fessor Davy, in testimony of their admi- ration of the extraordinary discoveries made by him in his Electro-chemical Philosophy, and communicated in_his late course of lectures at the Dublin Society. The Directors of the British Institution for promoting the Fine Arts in the United _Kingdom, have given notice, that the three following premiums are proposed ‘to be given for Pictures, by Artists of, or resident in, the United Kingdom, painted in.the present year, and sent to the Bn- tish Gallery on or before the 4th of Ja- nuary next: 1st. For the best Picture in Historical or Poetical Composition, Three Hundred Guineas.—9d.. For. the next best Picture in Historical or Poeti- _cal Composition, Two Hundred Guiness, _—3d. For the next best Picture in, His- - 613 © _ in-a rolling-mill into sheets of proper - _ dimensions. Out of these the blades are _. ©ut according to sizes, and the rivet-: Becles pressed out in the fly. Pieces of ron ave then slit for the back, and bent _ to fit the blades, and the holes are bored — in them by an upright drill, after which _ the back and blade are riveted together. _ These hooks may be made with or with- ut teeth, to suit purchasers; and, not-. withstanding the superior quality of the cast-steel blades, they will be afforded, from the expeditious mode of manufac-. ) ture,-at nearly as low a price as the old es, Mownratxy Mac. No, 210, torical or Poetical Composiuon, One Hundred’ Guineas. The Directors re- serve to themselves the power, of with- holding either of the premiums, if they think prope*. A picture’s/ being painted by commission, will not_exclude it from competition fur the premiums, Any pie- ture painted for such premium, may (if otherwise worthy) be exlibited’ fur sale at the Gallery next winter, for the .be- efit ‘oF thevAthel., iad |. tae Aye abi 4 Lit. The magnificent collection of curious productions of nature and art deposited in the Hunterian Museum at Glasgow, last year received considerable additions by valuable donations, of which the fol- lowing may be mentioned: | > : Three different specimens of Calcspar, from the Cave of Strathaird, Isle of Skye, py the Rev. Dr. M‘Leod, Kilmarnock, .Johna Locke, Esq. and Hector M‘Lean, studént.e— Three polished specimens of Portsoy Serpen~ tine, by John Mavor, Esq: London.—Specie mens of Pyrope, or Portsoy Serpentine, and of Petrified Wood, from Loch Leagh, by Pro- fessor Muirhead.——The Fish) Callionymus Lyra, by John Jos. Dillon, Esq, barrister at law.—A large specimen of Petrified Wood, by Mr. Dinwiddie, of Germistoune.——An an- cient Urn found ina Cairn, by William Coch- rane, Esq. of Ladyland.—Twenty-one rough Garnets from the East Indies, by Major James Campbell.—Specimens of the only two Me- teor Stones that are known to have fallen in Britain, viz. one in Yorkshire, 13th Decem- ber, 1795; another, at Possil, near Glasgow, 5th April, 18045; by Miss Crawford, of Pos sil,——Thirty-four Silver Medallions of the present Royal Family of Spain, executed in Mexico and the Philippine Islands, presented by a citizen of Glasgow, x The 162 _ The Tenth Volume of the Exeércro- pepra Lonprvensts, will be ready for ‘the Subscribers on or about the t0th of ‘March, Tiiis celebrated Dictionary of ‘Arts and Sciences ‘continues to be pub- Jished regulatly in‘weekly Numbers, with ‘elegant ‘Engravings, ‘price 8d. each, ‘or heautifully coloured’ Plates, 4s, 2d. ‘Dr. Smrru’s two! prizes of 25/.each, for the best’ proficients in Mathematics “and Natural Phildsopliy, have ‘been ‘ad- ‘judged to"MeSsrs. Decry ‘aid Frenen, ‘of Trinity'and Caius CoJleges,, Cambridge. '. The Governors ‘of Bethlem Hospital “have adjudged to Messrs. Goop and “Loctiner, of Hatton-garden, the ‘first “premium, for their design for a néw Dn- ‘fiatic Asylum ‘about to be erected m St. “George’s-fields. ‘Nearly sixty names ‘ap- “peared in the list of candidates. ~The following is an accurate state- “ment of the’ quantity of ‘rain ‘which “fell, during the Jast year, at Dalkeith, “Bothwell Castle, M‘Farlane Observatory, ~ Glasgow, ‘and Brisbane Observatory, ‘Largs, ona line extending almost quite ‘across the island: {Dalkeith| Bothw.|M‘Far.\ Brish, * -2.280| 1,770| 1.743] 3.7.40 _jFebruary:} 0.984] 1.455} 1,283] 3.191 arch ©9843] 9:467| 1.687} 4.051 {April 1.584} 0.768] °0.659} 3.170 “May 1.485} 0.707| 0.510) 0.739 “t]tine 2/479) °4°962) 1.145) 1.781 July 3.154] $.640! °3.7241 3.100 August 3/100] 21410] °9:874] ° 3.944 September} 0.457| 0:620| 0.724] 1.804 October 1.570] 1.807] 1.176} 2.399 November} 4.430] 3.534) 3.374) 4.859 December} 2.340) 4.070) 2.554] 6.643 eel ns - _—— Totat’ | 25.636} 25°010| 21.433] 38.714|- Tot. te 28.5521 24.440] 25.139! 40.6294 ' A simple and ingenious plan tias been ‘proposed for the ‘construction of ‘Hight- houses, which, ‘if'geherally executed, tnight prove héheficial’ to the shipping of the United Kingdom. ‘The béacon con- sists of a lantern made of cast metal, in which there is 2 piece of clock-work, which makes the lamp turn round every two or three minutes, and exhibit differ- ent enlightened figures. The figures can be so varied, as to distinguish one livht- house from another, and to prevent the ossibility of mistaking the lightvof a ime-kiln, or accidental fire, for that of a beacon. The projector, Mr. Farmer, also recommends, as a substitute for light, Literary and Philosophical Intelligence. [March 1,_ in foggy weather, a buoy, 'similarin form ‘to a life-boat, on whieh is fixed’a' bell of considerable ‘magnitude ‘and ‘powerfal tone, which the motion’ of the buoy, oc- casidned'by the undulation of ‘the “sea, will'Keep perpetually ringing: ‘The bnéy ‘may be placed at’ any convenient distante from the ‘mouth ‘of the harbeur, or the mechanism in the beacon ‘might be so coristructed, as to cause a bell to'ring, or “a'bass dram to beat, in hazy weather. °B placing a buoy or boat of the above de- scription ona sunken or dangerous rock, in ‘any part of the sea, the mariner might be warned by the’alarm-bell to’ keep lat a proper distance. FRANCE. A Vall of fire appeared in the commune of Chargouville, onthe 98d of November, which, ‘bursting ‘with a tremendous ex- plosion, fet’fall three large’ stones, ‘ac- companied with smoke, and ‘darted with ‘such’ force, that they entered the ‘earth ‘to the dépth of near “80 ‘centimeters. “One of the'stones is covered with'a crust of greyish black, while the insidé-is ‘more eelear. Tt is tery compact, “and “hard enotgh to cut glass. Tt appears to con- tain globules of iron, pretty ‘large and . brifliant. Accounts from Rodez, in the depart- “ment af Aveiron, of the date of the middle of December, state, that the win- ter had there set-in-with extraordinary se- verity, the snow in many of the surround- ing districts being six or seven feet deep ; ~and that in the whole country the most dreadful alarm ‘Was’ océasiéned “by the ravages of the wolves. These ferocious animals, unable to subsist’any longer'in their native mountains, sally forth: ‘in flocks of many hundreds, ‘and, entering the villaves, "make ‘the peasant’ and his cattle their'prey. ‘The ‘villayes on’ the - open plains are entirely deserted ; ainum- ber of the ‘poor people’ having ‘fallen sa- crifices' in defending’ their tameanitnals, and the survivors vot chuosing'to expose thenyselves to’similar dager. ‘Phe Pre- fect, with’ the humane view ‘of *reiniburs- ing thé sufferers, and! preventing the de- partment being depopulated, has ordered an inventory to be made of the losses, which almost exceed ‘belief. — It is'ascer- tained, that'within the last month, ‘8000 sheep, 400 goats,’ and’ $00 horses, have been killed by these’ ferocious ‘animals. In the departments of the Lozere, and the Upper Loire, the ravages are’still greater. ote . It hasbeen: found that the ‘quantity and quality of oil extracted canst ok: ' f as f ri ty 1821.) has been augmented by wetting. the) fruit with vinegar: hefore: it, is) pressed. The vinegar must wholly cover the fruit. The quantity. of liquor, obtained, is one-tenth greater than by any other procedure ; the vil-is. better flavored; and:more limpid. A method hasi been discovered. of unit- ing marble without icon, which is, liable to rust, andvafter rains gives a, greenish colour to the: marble, For this, purpose aceraent is used, which prevents, the rain from, penetrating and spoiling, works; of art-exposed’ to the weather. AUSTRIA, .& prodigy of precocious acquirewent has appearedvin Germany, in the person of. John Spitzler, a youth only 13, years of age, who is said to be well acquainted with ten different languages, most of the mathematical sciences, and to bea pro- ficientin music. He isa native of Lower Austria, and the son of a reduced, cler- gyman: for the jast six months. he has _ deen blind. .The Emperor Francis has settled a,pension on jun, _ The base of the Carpathian mountains, ~mear Makonitza, fell on the 6th of No- _ vember, with a report so loud that it was heard at the.distance of twelve miles. Six villages have been destroyed hy this precipitation, aad 34 lives lost. The astragalus beticus has been suc- cessfully cultivated in large quantities near Schdnberg in Moravia, asa substi- tute for coffee. It is sown in April; and gathered:in September, and requires but; very little labour. ‘The seed is treated in the same manner as Arabian coffee, ; and many judges affirm that it is deficient only in smell; it ‘approaches nearer in taste to real coffee than any other vege- table, ITALY. -M. Panza, inspector of woods at Ra- venna, has discovered the secret of ex- tracting from the plant-seed of the thorn (namus paliurus of Linnzeus) aclear sweet oil; without smell, and. fit for. domestic «purposes. % All the vines and cotton within 14 miles of Mount Vesuvius, were destroyed by the eruption of the 12th of September. Every thing else within eight or ten miles was also destroyed. The lava, in some ~ places, was 100 feet deep. ’ A Society for the promotion, of Agri- culture has: been. established at Rome, At its first meeting, it was resolved to, offer a prize of the value of about. 30, guineas, for, the best Memoir on the. con- struction of a plough adapted to, the soil ie of the. country, which would unite the wen ae Literary and Philosophical Intelligence. 16g principles of least resistance with works ing, to the greatest depth. Fhe extraordinary Consulta has direct- ed that tle Schools, of the Fine Arts de- pendent. on the Academy of St. Luke, shall be composed of sixteen, chairs, viz. six of the highest class, ten, of the second, and three adjuncts. The, professors of the first class. will enjoy a salary of 1200 francs, those of the, second; 800 francs, and the adjuncts, 500 francs. Gratificas tions will be annually granted, them from the, funds of the city. Qut of the 25,000 francs, granted to the, Academy for. its expences, 8300. will be, allotted to the candidates for, the, prizes, and, other vari- able demands, for the schools. The build- ings of the convent of Ara Celi, in the Capitol, are given to the Academy for the establishment of schools of desiyn, exhibition-reoms, cabinets, museuns, &e, and for attendants on the Academy. M.\ Canova is appointed perpetual director. The public works undertaken in, the same. city, for the. purpose. of clearing away the earth from the remains of anti- quity, are prosecnted with activity. The remains. of the Temple of Vesta, also that of Fortuna Virilis, are being. puc. into a state of order and-better condition, The workmen have cleared. the base.of. the temple of Jupiter Stater, and the ground about it is completely levelled. The diggings in the Coliseum proceed, and in many places. the. bases. of the pi- lasters,are discovered. The Labularium, now disencumbered from the ruins which concealed it, displays its beautiful Doric order. The excavations about the tem- ple of Antoninus and: Faustina, are also going on briskly... Other works are pro- ceeding in thé Forwm Romanum, now called the Campo Vaccino; in the Baths of Titus, with a view to-discover the sub- terraneous grottos and: their paintings ; and also at the Arch of Janus Quadri- formis, f M. Rosa, of Rimini, formerly a pro-- fessqr, and well-known to his country- men by his works on natural history and natural philosophy, has discovered an indigenous substance proper to be sub- stituted for indigo, for communicating all shades of blue tints, either to silk, wool, thread, or cotton. He asserts that the colourng fecula of this matter is in no wise, inferjor to. indigo, whether as to beauty, or yivagity, of colour, or as to durability and resistance to the effects of exterior bodies, EAst INDIES. A forest in kndija, 65 mileg in length, and 164 and. 28 in breadth, was set on fire’ in wood-cutters, At the date of the ac- count, the ‘conflagration had céntinued!: five weeks, and 50 villages in the vicie nity of the forest had been destroyed. Many of the unfortunate and idolatrous natives, believing the calamity to be a direct visitation of some vengeful deity, and not choosing to survive’ the Joss of their property, precipitated themselves into the-flames. _ ‘An assistant in one of thé public offices at the presidency of Calcutta, has lately suggested an improvement in the con- struction of orduance for naval service. This improvement is simple, and admits of easy explanation. The gun is formed _ of three separate cylinders lying parallel to each other, and closely joined in their full extent, each with a separate touch- hole. ‘The gun, or rather’the three guns, thus formed, is mounted on its carriage in the usual manner, except that, in- stead of being placed on trunnions, it rests on a strong projecting ring, which is made-to embrace the circumference of the gun, near its equipoise, ahd, by a cogged wheel, it is rendered easily sus- ceptible of being turned vertically on the carriage, so as to bring any of the touch- holes to any particular position. By a proposed improvement in the carriage, itis believed that this triple gun may be worked with the same’ facility as any of the guns that are now in common use, The inventor conceives that the gun may be cast and bored in ove mass of metal, Review of New Musical Publications: [March 1, jand itis alleged that a ‘piece of ordnance June last, through the negligence of some ' of this construction; which will carry three 6-pounders, will not exceed the weight of metal necessary for one 12-pounder. : WEST INDIES. suid An. article “has appeared in the Marti- nico Gazette of June-1810, describing the wonderful effects of ithe divine Alco- norque, a tree growing’ on the coast of that island, the woodsof which \is: ‘coms 4 pact and heavy. Elis wood has acquired the reputation of being a specific im diss orders of the liver, and especially in those: « of the lungs. Shonld thisshe justified by Earopean practice, the cure of those al- most incurable disorders; by which so many thousands: are annually hurried to the grave, will ideed place it-at the head of all earthly vegetables, and fairly en- title it to the epithet of dive. The outer bark being taken off, it is used in infusion; a glass of the liquor being taken morning and night with two spoonfuls of honey. Milk, acids, spices, and what- ever irritates, must be avoided. A cata- - plasm cures pains in the side occasioned by abscess in the liver. The recipe is’ said to be derived from the Indians. « SOUTH AMERICA, An American paper observes, that there is an error in the Ruropean Charts : relative to Cape Frio. Itis laid down as being in the latitude of 22. 34. but it is» in fact in 23. ; this error ought to be recs: tified; for by those charts .most vessels) will lie embayed, it being necessary to make Cupe Frio before they ean get up to Rio de Janeiro, —————— ee REVIEW OF NEW MUSICAL PUBLICATIONS. . ta Numbers 20, 21, 22, and 23, of the Vocal Works of Handel, with a separate Accompaniment, ar- ranged for the Organ: or Piano-forle, by Dr. Jobn Clarke, of Cambridge. “Each Number (to Subsoribers,) 5s. W* have already spoken so amply of the general merits of this ele- gant and useful edition of the Vocal Works of Handel, that we have left our- selves little to say, The present Numbers complete the Oratorio of the’ Messiah, and commence that of Judas Maccabeus, Dr. Clarke continues: to ‘prosecute his Jaborious, but laudable undertaking, with the same sedulous attention to the con- venience of that class of the musical pub- lic for whose use the publication was un- dertaken, and appears determined to de. rive honour as well from the! execution as from the design. The frontispiece sto Judas Maccabeus, in the twenty-third Number, is so appropriate in its’ compos sition, and so expressive in its engraving, ' as to do much honour to Mr. Burney and Mr. Taylor; and the music and words ; continue to be printed witi all the neat- ness and accuracy which we have noticed | in the preceding Numbers. — §€ The Mountain Daisy;”” a favourite Song, wril- ten by Robert Buras. Composed by J. Blew= iit, 1s. 6d. This beautiful little sample of Burns’s genius in ballad-writing has not fallen into bad hands. ‘Though we carinot say that it might not have been set with more charm of melody and justness of expres- sion, yet it'is due to Mr. Blewitt that we should allow his music a respectable portion of merit, and pronounce it wor~' thy the attention of the lovers of the simple ballad strain. * La 1811.] ®* La Parade ;?? a Military! Divertisement for the Piano-forte. Compdsed. by M. P.- King, ‘esq. 25. 6d. This divertisement, which: consists of an introcuctory adagio, a rondo, and the celebrated march given to the song “ Let us take the Ituad,” in the Beggar’s Opera, is greatly above mediocrity, and calcu- lated to sustain Mr. King’s reputation as acomposer. A facility ef conception, and considemable knowledge of effect, is evident throughout the piece, and the movements are judiciously contrasted. £6 While the sweet blushing Spring ;?? a favourite Duett. The Words wriiten by Fielding ; the Music composed by Edward Taylor. 15.62. This duett is set «la ballata, in two verses. Finding nothing new or tasteful in the melody, we hoped'ta be able to. -commend the combination of the parts, but were here again disappointed. The whole consttugtion is so bad as to have doully excited our pity; first, for the misfortune of the poet in falling into such miserable hands; and next, for the composer’s jgnorance of his own inca- pacity. The Voice of Spring 5?’ a favourite Glee for Four ' Voices. Composed by W. J. Stevens. 15. 6d. We slinuld suppose, from the general - construction of this glee, that Mr, W. J. Stevens is a young cumposer. With juvenile efforts we always wish to be tender, but faults exhibit themselves in the pages before us, that force disappro- bation. ‘The melody is feeble and un- connected, the fabrication of the har- mony betrays ignorance of the secrets of good composition, and the generai effect Is consequently bad. *€ 0b! Cara Armonia! Ob! Dolce Piacere!”.a’ Song, by Mozart, with twenty-five Variations © for the Piano-forte. Composed and dedicated ‘to Angelica Catalani, by #. Fiorillo. 4s. These variations, all of which, except the twelfth, thirteenth, twenty-first, and twenty-second, are adapted to the harp as well as the piano-forte, ave written with much real taste and fancy, and display considerable knowledge of the yowers and characters of both instru- ments. They are all pleasing, progres- sively difficult in their execution, and admirably calculated for practice, 4 Le Reveil des Graces 3” a favourite Pastoral _ Rondo for the Piano-forte. Composed and ‘dedicated 10 Miss Kichart, by J. S. Peile. 1 Bs. Gde ’ * ‘This rondo has considerable claims to our commendation, The general turn of € passages is easy and ingenious, their Review of New Misieal Publications. -cannot fail to 165 result extrenicly pléasing.” We, however, must object to the affected and dwkzward , distent of some bars of the bass, where * difficulty of execution is introduced withe out any compensating effect. eee ** Farewell, Harp !”? an original Canzonet, with Variations for the Piano-forte, or Harp 3 dedi- cated to Mrs. Tarlton, of Cloverly House, by _ DLhomas Tayler. is. 6d. wragtall _“ Farewell, Harp!”, is adapted to the popular Welsh air, “ Nos Galon,” or. “New Year’s Night.” Mr. Taylor, by, the use he has made of this pleasing © little specimen of Cambrian melody, has’ imparted to it considerable interest. I¢ speaks the sense of the words, to which’ it is here united with force and truth; and the variations are fanciful and at- tractive, a Air, with Variations for the Pianoforte, Come - posed by Wd, Mozart. 25, From the perusal, of this air and its variations we have received great plea. sure. An.elegant flow, and easy smooth- ness, form the chief characteristics of the melody, and the style in which. it is worked upon .is:worthy of the excellent, subject. . Fo-practitiouers on the. instru. ment for which, it»is. here-adapted, this: piece cannot fail to be as useful.as gratis, fying. —— © The Foresters ;” a fadourite Rondo. Composed and arranged for the Pianozortg , by Me Holst, . 25 H © Mueh ‘spirit:and animation pervades this little pieces Mr. Halst’s efforts in this species of composition have oftes received our approbation, but never bet- ter deserved it-thansin the; present. in- stance. All the movements are happily varied, and relieve each other-with ad- mirable effect. “¢ The Eclipse Hornpipe ;”? arranged asa Rondo Sor the PianoZorte, by S§. Hale. 1s. 6d. This little piece, as an exercise for young practitioners, deserves our recom= mendation. ' The passages’ are not only pleasing, but lay well for the hand, and ; promote its progress in execution. fii ' ** Why does my Love her Linnet mourn2” a favourite Song, composed and arranged wilh an Accompaniment forithe Piarid-forle, by Sir J. de Stevenson, Mus, Dec. 15.9. - ‘ We find im the melody of this song much genuine taste and truth of expres= sion; and cannot but add that it is no small honour to. the talents of ‘Sir Joha Stevenson; that be should be able, by the force of his. own fancy-and feeling, to impart any thing like: interest to such i ection obvious, and their general jusipid and senseless words,.. « ‘ MONTHLY ie TP oe ie ee Oe ri MONTHLY RETROSPECT or true FINE ARTS: — The. Use of all Néw Prints, Communications of Articles of Intelligence, &c. are requested undér covER to the Care-of the Publisher. The Lady of the Lake; a Pocm by Walter Scott, Bigs illustrated with Engravings from the Designs of R: Westall, Esg. R: Ay Publish. ed'by Fobir Sharpe, Piccadilly, FALTER Scott may justly be VV. called the poet of painters, few modern poets, abounding more’ in high-wrought’ descriptions and’ interest- ing situations. Mr. Westall has avail- ed himself of the popularity of the Lady, of the Lake, to make a series of designs similar to those from Marmion ; but with an inferior degree of success. There is more of the mannerist in this series, than any other of the works of’ this master, whe is'so decidedia@ manner- ist, that he need not place his name to any “of bis works, it being written in’ legible characters, in every: nose, mouth, eye, and foot, of his: figures: Mr. Westall has too long given up, the: study of nature for the ideal world of Riis own creation; not so furious indeed: 23 that of Mir. Fuseli, but equally. mono- tonous, and that of a worse description=— eloying or insipid. The designs appear done in much haste, and not in the best manner of the’artist; who can, when he will, produce pictorial loveliness:and!lux~ uriousness in all its splendor; as some of his best works, particularly his: Marriage Procession, from one of thecompartments of the shield of Achilles; exhibited in his gallery last spring, fully evinces, The first print (Ellen in her Boat) is decidedly the best: the attitude is appropriate, the figure charming and lovely, and is the very Ellen of the poet, But can- dour impels us. to: say, that, comparing the drawing with the print, the draits- man is under infinite obligations to the engraver, (the younger Heath,) who has produced one of the sweetest prints that has emanated from the, burin of modern art. It cannet be spoken of too highly, or admired too much. The other prints, are Ellen and Allan Bane, by Englehart; the Elevation af the Fiery Crossyby Raimbach, a print of great excellence; Ellen, Allan Bane, and the Knight of “Snowdon, by Anker Smith; Roderick Dhu discovering Hime self and his Ambush, by Noble; and Elen claiming the Promise given with the Ring, from king James, by Golding. Nor ‘should we forget mentioning with much commendation the beautiful vig- nette by Pye, The Sixth Exbibition of the Works of British Artists, placed in the Gallery of the British Institution, Pall Mall, for Expibition and’ ’ Sale, 1811. _ “The British Institution has removed ohe great cause of lamentation, which’ every admirer- and’ practise® of art in England’ most feelingly deplored; (the want of a good'school of colouring) by opesing: their: gallery during: the -sum- mer and autumn to British stadents, in which they are permitted to study some of the finest’ specimens’ of painting which can be obtained from the- most’ magnificent colleetionsin this country: and’ their patriotic wishes of seemg a new school of historic painting’ rising. within tle walls: of their® institate; is: certainly fast approaching: to acousum- mation. Among the advantages arising: to the country fiom proper encourage~ thent' to the arts generally, anc from the British Institution particularly, (al- though, they feelingly’adminthat itis not suitable to the. wealth, thepower, and the dorainion, of the United K ingdom,) niay be enumerated, that our artists are, not now entirely confined, to, portraiture; that to portraiture is given a poetic cha- racter; that they can study the best of the old masters without difficulty; that a good school of colouring, (additional to the-one of drawing in the Royal Aca» demy,) is annually opened for thems; that they are encouraged by premiuma to a laudable emulation, and have a constant marc for the sale of warks of merit. This society is happily on the advance, although the government, (to. its disgrace be it spoken,) have refi- sed the trifling boon solicited by them ; and gratified are we in a high degree to see the names of every member of the Royal family, male and female, among thenames of the governors of anin= stitution, which, as they infarm us in their introduction to the present catalogue has for its object a just appreciation of the Fine Arts, Wot merely as sources of revenue, or as means of civil refine- ment, but have been revered and ha- ngured for a nobler and more useful pur- pose. When directed to intellectual and national objects, and whilst their character is’ neither degraded by vulgar subjects, nor sullied by licentious images they ave calculated to raise the standara of morality and patriotigm; to pice t a —————— 1811.] athe homage and, respect, of ‘foreign, na- “tions, and to,produce those intellectual ‘and virtuous feelings which are perpetu- ally alive to the welfare and.glory of the onntry, and, prepared to offer every sacrifice, and to niake every exertion, in its-defence.” This.is viewing the ,arts -inia just and plilosophic point of view, aad is-deserving of the dcepest conside- ration’ from every) one! who. is.a. member of the, thinking -part. of the commu- nity. , Another | passage in their address. is.so - important; in its results, :arid|-so, true, in © itSelf; that:-we cannot! refrain. from tran- scribing it, and giving it.as.a summary and final answer to all the objections of Wincklemann, Dubos,and thesciolists.of that school of criticism. ‘ The gover- nors of the institutiop; in directing their » attention, towards their object, have, not listened to those insinuations which pre- sume a physical defect in the natives. of » the Bnitish isles. ...They,can discover-no _#eason .why > British, artists should not » excel. in the fine arts, -orwhy the coun- - tymen of Reynolds and West,” .we.may add of Barry and-of. Mortimer, “should )dread.a competition. with, any.modern » school : -however, they, may. shrink from othe invidious.companson, so frequently and; so.unfairly made, between, -a.selec- _ Honof the finest.pictures produced, du- Ting two brilliant.centuries, by. al} the. first painters. in . Europe, | with) the .annual (exhibition, of the British, metropolis.” ‘This “is putting ‘the question. in a.new, » forcible,.and.tair, way ;. we agree most heartily with the, propositions .and,.as dovers of the fine arts, thank the honour- -able directors. for it. ‘* They ave, -per- | suaded,” they, add, “that the mind, is | not less enterprising ere, * nor-theyintel- Tectual attainnients' more. crcumscribed, thanin other. countries. . They)-knew » that-our, artists do, not want models.of ' beauty, events. of interest, warmth ,of feeling, vaviety jof talent, or) originality _ of character: and they. do; not consider _ it,as.an,exclusive objection, that, a, Ra- _» phael, or a Michael-Angelo, ‘bas, not,as _ Yet appeared in. this. country ;recollect- ng that there was a, period, before» Mil- _» ton, “Shakespeare, Locke, . and, New- ' ton, existed, when weak and -nayniw aninds, estimating the talents, of others +) by their own, might have contended that no -Ruyglishman,ceuld: ever rival the pro- ‘ductions of the- ancient. poets,, drama- tists, metaphysicians, and philosophers.” With this interesung, quotation wetake »eurteave for this-month, leaving snarters — ea: Monthly Retrospectof the ‘Fine Arts. AGZ jand , gtowlers -at-British/ art; to-digest it, and the friends and. patrons .tosenjoy, it. _ Next month we shall resume our obser- vations, taking the pictures seriutin ; but. in the interim. we take leaye to call the attention.of our readers to, No. 7, Andromache imploring Ulysses.to. spare the Life of her;Son, by, Dawe. iNo..10. The Entombing of Christ, by) Hulten. No. 11. The Letter O,:by, Sharp? No, 29, -The Bard, from Gray,, by the Presideat West. iNo. 52.,emon.and!Antigone, by) Halls, The W4rcbirectural-Antiqaities of Great Britain. “By. Britton, Fi SAA. 'Part\23,) Noid, sof Vola III. t : 3 This excellent-elucidation of our nae tional antiquities still continues its (olaims itoypraisé and patronage. This Number Of it contains several specimens of pedestal columns, pinnacles, canopies, tracery, and moldings, of windows, and “brackets, taken from, Rosslyn Chapel ‘an elevation of the east end,, and aper= spective view of the altars, &c. at the east end, looking “north, from drawings by ‘James Elmes, esq. architect, atter sketches’ by . Joseph Gandy, esq..archi« tect, and ALR. A. -The detail and ar- chitectural fidelity of these plates, done Ly' professional. men, (instead of mere “draftsmen,) are. such as would be ex- pected from knowlédge guiding the hand. “Correctness is, not sacrificed, to effect, ‘which, however beautiful, never .can “compensate for the want of’ fidelity. The architect ad. antiquary will’ full “appreciate these remarks, and thank the able editor for so often availing, himself of professional skill. d INTELLIGENCE. : : Oa Monday;.the dithaltaat a general “Meeting; of the Royal Academy, Mr. Wilkie, the, celebrated »-paintenyof odo- - mesticolite Mr. Westmacott, the.seul p- tor 5. Mr. >'Ward,. painter ; »Mr.t;Bone, enamel, painter 5and»Mr..-Smirkeythe architectiof Covent Gardeu Theatre Ass sociates of the Academy, wereetected: to the rank, of Reyal Academicians, 2MreSoane has announeed bis-pamph- det; onjthe ieauses of the-suspension of » hislecturess at. the» Royals Academy ,a as heing nearly ready... hs f ) » Phe British fostitution hasiawith-con- siderable, liberality, .yroposed the «fol- lowing» premiuma for, pictures bysantists of, or wesiding, in,sthe United Kingdom, pasted, inj the present yearandssent to the British, Gallery, (PalleMall) ons or » before the: 4th of Jannary mest,» viz. ” ag : 168 “4st. For the best picture in historical “or poetical composition, 300 guineas. ‘2d. Por the next best picture in histo- rical or poetical composition, 200 gui- neas, Sd, For the next best picture in historical or poetical composition, 100 ‘guineas. Vor farther information, the -reader-is referred to the proposals at full, - in the [nstitution. On Monday, the 18th, Mr. Flaxman *besan a course of lectures on Sculpture, ia the Royal Academy; -and on the Thursday tollowing, Mr. Fuseli began his course on Painting, in.the same place, ,and_ both.will continue them on Mon- - days and ‘Thursdays, till completed. Report of Diseasess (Match 1, “They will be noticed more ‘at length in our next; as will the third Number of «© The Fine Arts of the English School,” which is just pubiished. — The two Hunting Prints, of the Fox breaking Cover, and the Death. of the Fox, from the celebrated original paint. rings by S. Gilpin, R.A. and PL Reine ale, A.R.A. will speedily make their ‘appearance. ‘They bave been six years ~in the-hands of Mr. Scott, the engraver, and are calculated to meet the expec- ‘tation of ‘the public, and ‘gratify. the taste and’ judgment of all true: sports- men; as well as the amateurs of the fine “arts in generals ee wT apc: REPORT OF DISEASES, Under the Care of the late Senior Physician of the Finistuby Dispensary; fram the 20th of January to the 20th of Febraary. a i/ra HEUMATISMS, coughs, and ca- ' tarrhal fevers, have een so pre- _ valent, that it would seem an oversight - At * *“ not to notice a fact so remarkable. the ‘same time nothing has occurred * relative to these complaints, " ford matter of instruction. It may how- ‘ever be not unworthy of remark, that ‘ in the above-mentioned cases of morbid affection, it is evident that we cannot, like our more robust and plethoric an- cestors, bear with impunity, or even without a certain degree of risk, what is * called the liberal, but what might more strictly be regarded as the licentious, application of the lancet. Of the diseases of the desk, which the Reporter has noticed more than once « before, he has recently met with several. striking instances, in which there was a fixed pain in the chest, arising from the habitually-constrained posture of it. This pain is generally attended with at least ‘an occasional difficulty of breathing, and most frequently with a cough, unaccom- panied by expectoration. In counting- houses, those commercial cloisters, the seeds of disease are often sown at a very early age, which seldom fail, in the au- tumn of life; to produce an abundant harvest... The late Dr. George Fordyce used to say, in his Lectures, that avarice occasioned more disease than all the other vices put together. In this remark the lecturer was-certainly seduced, by his hatred to avarice, ‘to advance a doc- trine unwarranted by experience, It is at least ‘ _ within the experience of the Reporter, ‘ , which from its novelty, singularity, or ' _ importance, could excite interest, or af-- at least as distant from truth as the very different opmion of the celebrated Dr. Johnson, who: asserted that a'man wag seldom so innocently employed, as when occupied in the getting of money. ‘Phere aire certain exceptions ; but avarice will perhaps upon the whole be found, im the ordinary career of its gratification, to interfere less essentially with our bodily ‘well-being, than any of the othér pas- sions, which are either acquired by habit, or are implanted in our nature. A passion much more baneful to health is an hypochondriacal excess of ‘solici- tude about it.: A person who. is always feeling bis pulse, can never have a good one. In like manner, one whois in con- stant apprehension of sickness, ‘labours under a heavier malady than any which he fears. A man cannot take too much care of his health, but he may think too much about-it. He should lay down certain rules of living, which are ascer- tained to begenerally salutary, or which he has ‘found adapted to his particular constitution, and should never deviate from them, except perhaps upon some extraordinary occasion. But these rales, although they should be the guides of his conduct, need not therefore be the sub- jects of his perpetual, or even frequent, meditation. Lord Chesterfield some- where observes, that a gentleman will always make a point of being well- dressed, but will never think of his dress after it has been once adjusted, - In like manner, a wise man, after having once adjusted his habits of life in a manner best adapted to promote the permanent enjoyment of it, will cease to feel any other 1811.) other anxiety about his health than that he may improve it to the best adyan- tage. - A remarkable case has recently oc- curred under the notice of the Reporter, which strikingly exemplifies the’ connec- tion and affinity which may exist between ~ what are called bilious affections, and _ those which more peculiarly belong to the nervous system. The patient re- ferred to, had, in consequénce of a severe aga deprivation, been led into ha- bits of insidious solace, which, for up- _ wards of two years, seemed to act only upon the liver, producing, at nearly re- lar intervals of ten days, vomiting of hile, which was occasionally attended by a species of diarrhoea, that assimilated the disorder to the character of cholera. For the considerable period above-men- tioned, his only complaint was what, in popular and fashionable language, is de- nominated *‘ The Bile.” After the lapse, jowever, of nearly two years and a half _ from the commencement of his career Deaeon: indulgence, he was surprised, without any precautionary or prefatory » aitimation, by’a seizure which paralysed one-half of his body, dividing it Jongi- tudinally into two equal sections,, the _ ®ne dead to all the purposes of sensation ing all the functions and privileges of “vitality, although in some measure, of course, clogged and impeded by the im- potent and deceased half to which it was uyited. It is now mure than three years since he has remained in this _ melancholy state; at least, during that _ time, he has experienced no important or permanent melioration, or any evi- _ dent tendency towards the recovery of his corporeal powers. His mind also _ -$eems to have shared in the paralysis. _ ‘This is more particularly evident in the - ’ by SPAIN, E following manifesto of the Corte ~*R General and Extraordinary to the vy anish nation, explains the present _ Wiews, policy, and feelings, of that peo- Sranitaaps!—If the Cortes Extraordi- nary, assembled by your free and deliberate ice, and which has been installed solemn- yin the royal Isle of Leon, has not before ‘day regularly addressed you, it was Moxtury Mac. No. 210. ° State of Public Affairs in February. .6r voluntary motion, the other retain-— 169 lapses of his recollection. His memory has been maimed by the same blow which, disabled one side of his body, His remembrance of things does not ap- pear to be much impaired, but it. is surprisingly so with regard to. the denor minations of persons or of places. Whilst with unaffected cordiality he is shaking hands with an intimate friend, he often has forgotten his name. Upon enquiry it appeared that the pernicious habits of the unfortunate patient were still per- sisted in, which suiliciendy accounted for the unbroken protyaction of bis dis- order. In this case nothing can be more evident, than that the bilious, in the first instance, and the neryous complaint, which succeeded, both originated from one source; which may give a hint to those who are much troubled with the bile, especially when it has been occa sioned ‘by the same means as in the instance just stated, that they may be at no great distance, wiiless they season- ably reform their diet, from a paralytic seizure. Pavalytic seizures, there can be little deubt, are more common now than they were formerly ; probably owing toa more luxurious and effeminate mode of living having been in modern times tore generally adopted, ‘The ¢irenm- stances and symptoms which often, for a long tioie before the actual attack of palsy, precede and threaten iis approach, are surprisingly similar to thase which were detailed in the Report of the last month, as the avant couriers of an epileptic paroxysma, Uappy are they who in either case have discernment to decipher, and resolution practically to apply, the cha- racters of menace, before it be too late to avert the evil which they forebode ! J. Resp. Grenville-street, Brunswick-squarey February 22, 1811. - STATE OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS IN FEBRUARY. Containing official Papers and authentic Documents. from the conviction it felt that its cliatacher and object should manifest themselves to you by its provident, just} and necessarys decrees and declarations, rather than: by studied professions and declaratiogs. To acty and not to profess, was its sacred duty, apply- ing itsclf with undivided heart and hand to the regeneration and well-being of the state. The Congress declaring and acknowledging the sovereignty of the nation, solemply éwearing in’ the name of all vhe peopleyto 7s ¥ plesesve x > a9 per ‘170 preserve the same for Ferdinand VII. king of Spain and the Indies. Sanctioning the Constitutional division of three estates, abo- lishifg arbitrary and unjust rules; re-esta~ ‘plishing the freedom of thought in its ori- Pital purity ; restoring 'to the citizen one of the most sacred rights of political liberty— that of afree press; forming a new govern- ment on a. compact and vigorous system 3 and enseavouring to strengthen the edifice of the state by constitutional laws, which they are engaged in framing. In these ur- gent end Jaudable orcupations the Cortes were diligently engaged, when a novel and Most extraordinary rumour, vague and hard- ly Credited ‘in its commencement, but soon, perhaps, through the machinations of the common enemy; obtaining extensive credit, yesounded in all parts of Spain, as well-as in ‘many other quarters, and imperiously called for the most serious attention on the part of the national Congress. . Fe aware, O Spaniards! that the tyrant of Europe, panting to subjugate us, now adus treachery and artifice to the unheard-of yio- Jence by which he has goaded you into this defensive war; and, considering the ardent force of yout love and loyalty for your adored sovereign, lie endeavours to contravene these sentiments, by insidiously pretendiny to make yestitution to the outraged Spaniards, and to “compassionate the state to which. he has now reduced them. But think not, Spaniards! that tyrants ever are beneficent without some insidious motive. Ferdinand maybe sent eto Spain, but he will be surrounded by armed Frenchmen, and by Spaniards who suffer themselves to be seduced by the arti- fices, or intimidated by the menace*, of Bo- _naparte, He would come as cne of the family of this monster, either by means of an union with a foreign princess, or as an adopted son of Napoleon ; he would come to administer to the will of this execrable pro- tector, by!endeavouring to obtain a peace of “his dictation, or, in other words, to effectu- ate the ruim and subjugation of the Penin- sula. Such is the, substance of these ru- mours; considerations in which are at once compromised the honour and decorum of your king—the independence and sovereignty of the pation—and fhe dignity and salvation’of the monarchy, The extravagant request of adoption, whith is already said to have béen made in the name of Ferdinand, and which »Gsanscrted in those public papers in’ the pay oof Bonaparte, leaves no room to doubt of the sdesign ofthe usurper to degrade and _Wilify ‘their lawful soyercign in the eyes of Spaniards, forthe perpose of forwarding his - jniquitous designsy hus you see the mo- oomentis’arrived, perbaps is not far distant, when’ the nation may be placed in a situstion jlous and complicated, as that which © gav- birth to its heroic insurrection, and in which it would have to display a similar -grandgur and noblengss of character, ! State of Public Affairs in February. “a tranquil submission by his means. [March 1, The Cortes, in considering ‘this most im-- portant subject, are fully aware of the grand character of the people whom they repres sent, of the * worthy )and, noble example whch they hold forth to theirest of Europe, and of the splendid hopes opposed to the gloomy. horrors which are, inyolved in this terrible contest. .They, fée) that. Spaniards must be aware that the war into which the outrageous tyranny of the Gailic despor has goaced them, must be carried on without confpromise cr relation, and with accelerated force. What can be the object of such a Species of conciliation? It will not, Spa- niarcs, be for that of your happiness and rep%e, orto make reparation for the various insults) and’ accumulated \injuries inflicted upon you! Né, the souls of | tyrants are never actuated by the impulse of -virtue, Napoleon is instinctively malignant. || This has been terribly exemplified wich respect to us already. He, again seeks to enslave us, to reiider us thé unhappy influence of his in- Satiable ambilion. Your admirable patriotism, Courage, and constancy, havé hitherto discon, certed his iniquitous project$, © Spain has successfully resisted him, to’ whose triumphal car all the kings of Europe succombs’' The subtle tyrant has self-consulted’ a project tor subjugating Spain; he feels the rulingevirtue oi} oyenuine Spaniards is that of loyalty ‘to thicir, sovereigus. He behelds, the \unprace tised Ferdinand in his power; hejconceives the expecient of sending him to Spain in the insidious character of an adopted soa; but in effect as a degraded instrument... He knéws his influence, and liopes to'bring about He sees that America already acknowledges hig “sway ; but should this illustnous &nd’devos ted missionary be unsuccessful, he™sées’ at least that the Spaniards will be divided, and the seeds sown of dissension’ and distrust, and thinks that the wavering. and) wnprinci- pied emong us will excuse thei desertion, under the pretext of adhering to the fortunes ot Ferdinand. : ne But, Spaniards, all these i sidious machi- nations will vanish like the mists béfore the sun of your, rectitude and true interests, Let us continue loyal to Ferdinand, What nation has ever given such proofs of loyalty to its sovereign ? (Here a variety of ‘signal instances are cited.) But, suppose Bonaparte should prevail on the captive prince to enter Spain; will he be the same, the adored monarch of our choice? — No} Ferdinand Napoleon, can never be Ferdinand de Bour~ bon. No ;-he would-be the servile instru ment of the Coysican Attila, encircled by atrocious Gauls, and degraded Spaniards, instead of free and generous subjects. His identity would no longer exist.. You would never become. the decejved victims of such an iSlusion, and the crown which’ the tyrant would apparently restore, . would, orm a new ¢mblem oF mockery and ippult, Hay ce” si " Palitical a ett} _ » Political independences and social, felicity Were our objects when, at Aranjuez, we tried to seat on the Spanish throne, a prince, ido-, . Tized by, us for his amiable and benevdlent disposition. Such are still the objects of the Spanish people, for which they have already Sustained a three years” sanguinary warfare, and have, Jatterly, convened the Extraordinary Cortes of the, Spanish monar- chy... To defend the country, against . its actual enemics, and to secure its tuture in- dependence, js the, usiyersal wish of the ‘people, and the sworn duty of their repre- Sentatives ; they wish for a monarchical con- Stitution, but one free and equitable, as now ; contemplated by those represe slatives!. Na- poleon is deceived as to our real objeccs. , Spaniards combat not for vain glory, oc for undefined or unjust objects; our political independence, domestic tranquillity and free- dom, aid the integrity of our territories, are, our real and only objects. Lidsa , Letus announce to all Europe, that Spa- niards contemplate, with astonishment and - admiration, the spirited and generous exer- por of oura lies. Let us express our g:a- titude to our brethren in America, who have ith such enthusiastic loyalty. asserted the iuse of the mother councry, and present ch a striking contrast to the vile assassins _ Of the crafty tyrant. Let us evince to the _- ‘world that the immense power of our com- Mon enemy will not avail agaiwse the im- pregnaole barrier of your heroic virtue, though he should take advantage of the helpiess Situation of a young and unpracti- sed prince, and convert him personally into the blind instrument of his atrocious pro- jects. : The Cortes, the legitimate interpreters of our wills in this terrible crisis, swear so- _lemnly, in your name, before the Supreme Being, in. presence of ali the nations,or tne earth, and of the august and beneficent ally ia particular, not to lay down their arms, _. mor afford the enemy a moment of repose, mor to enter into any concert or agreement ‘with him, until he shall have previously iy evacuated th territories of Spain, and those ‘of our neighbouring and illustrious ally, Portugal! Unite with us in this solemn ath, all you respectable clergy who wish . to maintain the cause of our altars and our holy religion ; all you ennobled Spaniards, if _ you pretend, in imitation of your ancestors, _ to defend the throne and the country; and th, all you industrious and commercial citizens, and proprietors of every descriptian repine _-‘Mot at any sacrifices youmay make. for ob- _ Jects so justly dear to you: recollect and Consider the barbarous and profane atrocities @ your relentless enemy! If any amongst you prefer wearing the marl of inglorious avery in your unmanly foreheads, Jet him Y ; Ly the landjof heroic freedom, aud on him §.of the nation, qe the indignant curses of Prive os cv cals bablby by soma ooh awe State of Public Affuirs in February, 171 . Given at the Royal Isle of Leon, the 9th of January, 1811. , ALonsE CANEDO, President. JosE Martinez, Dep. dec. Jose Aznarez, Dep. Sec. GREAT BRIVALN. Recap:tulation of the Parliatsntary Rroceedings relatine to the Establishment of the Regency. Though the King’s illness.commenced on the 95th of October, very little was heard of it, publicly in London until the 30th or Sist, the day beiore the mecting of Parliament. The meeting of Parliament is, perhaps, the circumstance to which the people is ind-bted for such early information of the state of his Majesty’s health, as we may conclude, from what we have learned in the course of the discussion,, that were it not for the casual omission of the sign manual to the proper instrument, we might have remained ignorant of it, until the.time appointed for the regular meeiing would haye made the disclosure una- voidabie. Onthe istof November, the Lord Chancellor informed, the House of Lords of the melancholy event, and Lord, Liverpool moved an adjournment for a fortnight (the shortest period within which Parliament can be assembied jor the dispatch of business) 5 he moved_also, that the Iiouse should be summoned.tor that day, and chat letters should be sent by. the Chancellor to the Members, requesting their atiendarite : those motions were agreed to without debate or division, A similar,potification was made to the Come mons, by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, and similar proceesings adopted, The cause of his Majesty’s illness was siated to.be concern for the alarming state of his daughcer the Prin- cess Amelia’s health and very confident hopes were held out of his speedy recovery. On the 14th, the physicians attending his Majesty were examined before the Privy Council at Buckingham-house ; and the Pare liament mecting the following day, pursuant to adjournment, the Chancellor, in the Lurdsy spoke of his Majesty’s convalescence, from the favourabie symptoms which his disorder began to assume: he moved an adjournment ‘for another fortnight, and was seconded by Lord Moira,, Lord Grenville complained of the conduct of ministers; they, ought to have established the necessity of their meeting in the manner they did by the best evidence—. the examination of the physicians by a Come mittee of that House. He did not desire, however, to oppose the,question of adjourn- ‘meht. Lord, Grey also, spoke to the same effect. In the Commons, the Chanceilor of the Exchequer moved an adjournment for a fortnight, and spoke of the King’s health ‘almost in the same terms which had been used in the, Lords: both he and Lord Bidon men- tioned their confidence to have arisen from the opinion of the physicians... Mr. Ponsonby and, Mr, Whitbread censured the manner of proceeding of the minister, but did not gpopte t 02 #8 oeSe 173 the adjournment; but Sir Francis Burdett spoke at some length on the necessity of a pefmanent executive; and therefore, con- ceiving it to be the duty of the House to sup- ply the defect without loss of time, opposed the proposed adjournment, and, supported by Sir Samuel Romilly, Mr. Elliott, and a few otliers, divided the House on the question. For the adjournment for a fortnight, 343—_ Against it, 58.—Majority, 285. When the Lords met on the 29th of No- vember, the examination of the physicians before the Privy Council was laid belure them, and an adjournment for another fortnight moved by Lord Liverpoo) ; ‘but this was dp- posed by Lord Spencer and others, who moved as an amendment, that the House should’ap- point a committee to examine the physicians, ,and to report accordingly 5 and, upon that amendment, the House, after a pretty long debate, divided, when there appeared for the adjournment, 68—For the amendment, 56.—Majotity, S2. In the Commons, the Motion for adjournment, moved by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, ‘was op. posed by Mr. Ponsonby, who moved’also for the appointment of ‘a committee to examine the physicians. The House ‘divided on the question of adjournnient—For the adjourn- ment, 253—Against it, 129-—-Majority, 104, On the division for the committee, there was—Againstit, 250—For a coramittee, 1597. =—Mujority, 95. , The House of Lords and Commons met on the 13th of December, and proceédéd to ap- point committees to examine the physicians. In the Lords it was appointed by ballot; in the Commons, the Chancellor of the Exche- quer selected a committee from the gentlemen en bothsides of the House indifferently 5 each consisted of twenty-one menibers. Their lordships met oa the following Monday (17th), but their committee not having fi- hished their labour, adjourned till Wednesday, (19th). The report of the Commons’ com- mittee was brought up on Monday, and the ‘Chancellor of the Exchequer moved an‘ad- journment §o the following ‘Thursday (20th), and that the House'should, on that day, re- solve itself into a committee on the State of ‘the Nation. ‘On ‘that day he ‘proposed, ‘in imitation of the mode pursued in 1788-9, by ‘Mr. Pitt, to move three Resolutions: the ‘first, declarative of the present incapacity of ‘the sovereign; the second, the competency of the two Houses tosupply that incapacity; ‘and the third, that the’proper mode of doing 3t should be by Bill; a call of the House was ‘ordered forthat day. Mr. Ponsonby signified ‘his intention to oppose the preceeding by Bill, At the meeting of the Lords, on Wednes- ‘day the 19th, Lord Liverpool moved to have ‘the House called over on Thursday (27th.) ‘Lord Spencer protested against the proceedings in 1788 being admitted asa precedent. Lord ‘Liverpoo! gave notice of his intention to move ‘for a committee to search for precedents te State of Public Affwirs in February. [Match 15 ascertain how far proxies could be admitted to-vote on the settlement of the royal au= thority. ig Oo Thursday (20th), there was a call of the House inthe Commons. The Chancellor of the Exchequer moved his three resolutions : the first passed unanimously ; the second, with the negative of Sir Francis Burdett; to the third, Mr. Ponsonby moved an amend- ment, that an Address should be presented te the Prince of Wales, praying him to take upon himself the office of Regent. On this the House divided—A gainst the amendment, 269—For the ‘amendment, 157.—Majority for ministers, 112 ( In the Lords, on this day (20th), the Re- port was read short, and a debate took place on the mode’of proceeding, but without a di- vision. The Commons met on the following day; and their Report on the State of the Nation being brought up, Lord William Russell moved the previous question on the second resolution, and divided the House apon it. For the resolution, 98—Avgainst it, 15.—Ma- jority,-83. The third resolution was ‘also carried, and the House adjourned. On Thursday (27th) the Lords proceeded ina manner similar'to the Commons. The resolutions were carried by a majority of 26, 100 voting for ministers, and 74 against them. Amendments were'moved to the se- cond resolution, but the division was confined to the third. The Report was ordered to be brought up next day, and a conference with the Commons, after which the House ad- journed. ‘On Monday (31st), on the motion of Lord Liverpool, eight Lords were nomi. nated to hold a conference with the Com- mons; the conference took place immediately after, and the House, after receiving the re= port, adjourned, In the Commons, Mr. Spencer Stanhope teported from the committee the assent of the Lords to their resolutions ;° after which, the House resolving itself into a committee on’'the State’of the Nation, the report of the former committee was referred ‘to this com- mittee by the Chancellor of the Exchequer. ‘He, after along speech, moved five distiner ‘propositions as the hasis of a bill for regu- lating the office of Regent: the’first, appoint- ing the Prince Regent subject to certain re- strictions and litnitations; ‘the ‘second, re- straining him fromn*conferring the honours of the peerage for a certain time ; ‘the third, from ‘granting places and “pensions; the fourth regulated the'king’s private property ; and the ‘fifth respected the ‘mdnagément ‘of the household, ‘Which was to be vested in the queen. ‘An amendment to the first reso- lution was moved by Mr. Lambe, the ‘pur= port of which was to confer the whole ‘power of the crown on the Regent without any re- ‘strictions, which, on a division, was negatived bya majority of 24 ; “224 voting against 208 for it. “The House divided alse on the ap aa - oe oe eet ———_—e_ —— _ wi} ghd third resolutions, on each of which mi- nisters had a majority of 16. The resolu- tion respecting his Majesty’s private property passed without a division, and that concern- ing the household was not debated that night. Tuesday, January 1st, the fifth resolution Was proposed to the House. An amendment proposed by Earl Gower, was, after a long debate, carried by a majority of 155 226 voting for ‘the amendment, 215 against it. The amendment was, that, ‘for a time to be li- mited, her Majesty shall retain such portion of theshousehold as may be deemed. necessary for the support of his Majesty’s royal dignity. Tne Lords met on Wednesday the 2d, and adjourned till next day, their being no com- munication from the Commons. ‘Ihe oppo- sition members renewed their attack on the first resolution, and an amendment, moved by Lord Porchester, pave tise to a very long de- bate. ‘After the gallery was cleared, Mr, Perceval moved an amendment, tlee purport of which was, to‘get rid of the aniendment to the fifth resolution, which had been carried against ‘him ; ‘but inthis he failed, as on a @ivision bis amendment was rejected by a Majority of three. This gave rise to a mis- * fake ig all the morning papers; next day it Was'reported that the division took place on Lord Porchester’s amendment. On the next day, Thursday, January 5, the Lords met, and appointed’a committee to confer with the Commons, and adjourned after the committee had reported. Lord Li- verpool moved, that the resolutions received from the Commons should be presented to their Lordships’ House sitting in committee, Thursday, the following day ; he also gave Notice of a motion respecting proxies and ‘presents. The Commons, reported from the ¢um- mittec, that they had presented their reso- Autions in conference, and they had signified that they would return an answer by mies- sengers of their own. ‘On Friday the 4th, an amendment was ‘moved in'the Lords by the Marquis of Lans- downe, the purport of which was to remove ‘the restrictions, which was carried by a ma- Yority of 3—Contents, 105—Non-contents, 102. A division also took place on the ‘second ‘résolution for restricting the creation of peers. For the amendment, 106—Avgainst it, 100.— ee 6. i ‘he next division was on Lord Liverpool's ‘amendment to the fifth resolution.—For the ‘resolution, 110—For the amendment, 97.—~ “Majority against ministers, 13. The other resolutions were passed without ‘a division. ‘On bringing up the'Report, the “amendments on the first and second resolu - “tious appearing to contradict each other, the_ Marst resdlution was restored to its original “state by the consent of the Lords on both “aides. ‘The’ other resolutions were ‘passed without a division. Debates tn Parliament. i73 After the three first divisions stranger’ were not admitted, but a long discussion having ensued, the House again divided on the question that the committee should ad- Journ “any time during pleasure—Contents, 102—Non-contents, 99.—Majority, 3. Ther proxies should be admitred—Contents, 99. Non-contents, 102.—Majority,5. The Ree port was then received, and the “House ade journed at five in the morning. d On Monday the 7th, a resolution of the Commons, authorizing the Treasury to ad- vance money for the public service without the usval warrant (the King’s sign manual) was confirmed by the concurrence of the Lords.. The Commons having adopted the amendment of the Lords on the second re- solution, namely, that of prohibiting the crea~ tion of peers for ‘a limited time by the Regent, the Chancellor of the Exchequer then moved, that deputations from their house should be ‘appointed to wait on rite Prince and Queen with the resolutions, praying the former to accept the Regency en the conditions contained in the resolu- lutions,/and the latter the care of the King’s person. These resolations were sent upte the Lords, and received their sanction on the 10th. The Lords appointed certain’ Mem- bers of their House ‘to join the deputations fromthe Commons, and, on Friday:the 1ith, the answers of the Prince and’Queen, accept. ing their respective charges on the proposed © conditions, were reported to both Houses, and on tlut day a resolution to affix the great ‘seal to a commission for the opening of Par- liament passed the Lords, after a debate amd a division, in which there appeared for’ the Resolution—Contents, 53—-Non-contents, 33. —Majority, 20 This -resulution, on the ‘following Mon- day, wassanctioned “by a vote of tne Come "mons, and néxt day (15th,) Parliament was opened by a commission drawn ‘up im ‘the usual form, and running in the King’s name, and differing in no respect from former pres cedents, Save that, at the end, it was express ed to be done by, and with the aphsent of, the Lords and Commons. On the-same day, the Chancellor of the Exchequer moved for leave “to bring in ‘the Regency Bill, which beitig granted, it was forthwith presented, read a first time, and ordered fora setond reading the next day. On Thursday, the 17th, the Bill was com- mitted, and its clauses on‘that and the fol. lowing day received’ ample ‘discussion. “Se- veral amendments were proposed, but rejects ed. On Thursday, Mr. Ponsonby moved an amendment to the clause’of the Bill, whieh extends the ‘duration of “the restrictions to the ‘Ist’ of ‘February, £812, continuing it to the Ist-of August; this was: negatived ay a divisioa—For the original ¢lausey'184— For Mr. Ponsonby’s “amendment, 160.—Majue tity; 24, Yhe-same “gentleman moved “an amend. ment 114 qment to the clause respecting the household, which by the Bill is under’ the controul of the Queen; but this apsnansnt was also Jost: on dividing, there appeared—For the clause as it stands in the Bill, 209—For the amendment, 182 —Majority, 27. _ Two other amendments were proposed to the same clause, which divided the House 5 -on the first, division the Ministers had a ma- jority of ¥2; -on the latter, of 24. The House in a committee got through the re- mainiog clauses on Friday the 18th. Seve- Pal amendments were proposed, but none pressed to a division: the report was brought wp, 2Ad it was ordered to be taken into con- sideration. on Monday the 21st. . On Monday the Lords met, but adjourned ever till the following Wednesday, waiting fox the Bill from the Commons. The Report ‘of the committee give rise to a long debate in the Commons, Mr. Ponsonby again pror posing an amenduicnt respecting the house- hold, but it was, rejected on a division, by a majority of 22, Thus ended the contest in the Commons 3 for, on Wednesday, ‘the vd, the Bil Was yead a third time and passed, and on the same day was read a first time in the Lords, where - certain. resolutions moved by the Lord - Chanéellor, establishing the right of voting ‘by proxy, were disposed of by the question ‘of adjournment, which was moved by Lord Mojia. ‘Phe question of adjournment was Carricd by a majority of 2, proxies in- cluded, Peg “ ‘fhe Bill was read a second time in the Lords néxt day. 3 On Friday, January 25, the Bill was dis- cussed ina committee of the whole House, ~"and-respecting the time during. which the limitations should cuntinue; it was settled, _after some discussion, that it should be for six months, duted trom the ist of February. “The Marquis uf Lansdowne moved an amend- ment on, the household clause similar to that of Mr. Pousonby in the Commons, which, ona division, was carried by a majo- rity of 19. ‘Idie question -had beea pre- viously put, that the original clause stand part of the Bill, which was rejected by a _majority of 1%. Monday 28th, the duration the restrictions was again debated.’ and an _ amendment proposed by Lord Grenville: lost by a mejority of 17 in favour of Ministers, who contended for cwelve months. Lord Liver- pool moyed to have the clause respecting the _heusetiold, restored, as it came from the _ Commons, which wes carried by a majority of 3. Lord Greaovilie moved the -adoption of the clause in the Bill of 1789, as a substi- », tution for the bousehold ciause, which, on _a division, was rejected by a majority of , 17.‘ Lord Stanhope moved for the addition of the Duke of Bealord to her Majesty’s © Couveil, which was rejected by a majority of 18. And Lard King moved that Lord . Eldon’s, name should be omitted, which 35.8 State of Public Affairs in February. Majority of 85. _been repulsed by the persevering. exertions _ [March 15 division, was rejected by a. ap enna < On Tuesday, the 29th, the Bill passed t Lords; and on Thursday, the 3ast,. the ‘amendments of the Lords were adopted. by. 1 the Commons, ang the Bill was sent back. February the ist, Lord Liverpool.moved for. a Commission to affix the Great Seal to the, Bill, which was egreed to by both Houses on. the following Tuesday (5th,) and. on .the same day the Bill, in this manner, received. the royal assent. vi Tuesday the 12th, the Lord Chancellor took his seat, and notified to the Parlia=: inent, that his Royal Highness the Prince Regent had commanded the commisyion for opening Parliament to be read; and then reid the following speech: “« Wy Lords and Gentlemen, *«In execution of the commission which, has now bgen read to you, we are commanded by his Royal Highness the Prince Regent to, express, in the strongest manner, how deeply he laments, not only in common with all his Majesty's loyal subjects, but with a personal and filial affliction, the great national cala- mity which has been the occasion of imposing upon his Royal Highness the duty of exer- cising, in his Majesty’s name, the royal aue thority of this kingdom. <¢In conveying to you the sense which hig Royal.Highness entertains of the great diffi- culties attending the important trust, which is reposed in him, his Royal Highness coms mands us to assure you, that. he tooks with the most perfect confidence to the wisdom ahd zedl of parliament, and to the attachment of a loyal and affectionate people, for the most effectual assistance and support; and his Royal Highness will, on his part, exer his utmost endeavours to direct the powers with which he is invested, to the advancement of the prosperity, welfare, and security, of his Majesty’s duminions. ** We are directed to inform vou, that-his Royal Highness has yreat satisfaction in being enabied to state, that fresh opportunities have heen afforded during the he cornifiian, for distinguishing the valour and skill of his Ma jesty’s forces both by sea and land. y ‘* The capture of the islands of Bourbon and of Amboyna, have still further reduced the colonial dependencies of the enemy. ‘¢ The attack upon the island. of Sicily, which was announced to the world with a presumptuous anticipation of success, has motion, on a and valour of his Majesty’s land and sea forces. “ In the odiousness of its nature, -as well as m the miagnitude of its miscliievous conse- quences, that we are unable to refrain from marking it out asa particular object of our complaint, and of your Royal Higliness’s vir- tuous abhorrence, The present representation an the Commons House of Parliament, a ready _iastrument in the hands.of the minister for State of Public Affairs in February. [March 1, the time being, whether for the purpose of nullifying the just prerogatives of the crows, or of insulting and oppressing the people,’aied a reform in which representation is therefor absolutely necessary for the safety of the crown, the happiness of the people, and the peace and independence of the country. Reposing the fullest confidence in your Royal Highness’s beneficent views and inten= tions, we can only deplore the present unfor- tunate state of things, fully relying, that un- cer circumstances so novel and embarrasaings every measure which depends personally upon your Royal Highness, will be adopted towards extricating us from our present difficulties, and for promotiag the peace, happiness, and security, of the country, Thus to mingle our expressions of confi- cenceandaftection with the voice of complains is grievous to our hearts; but placing, as we do, implicit reliance on the constitutional Principles of your Royal Highness, we are cheered with the hope that such a change of system will take place, as will henceforward for a long series of happy years, prevent your Royal Highness from being greeted by the faithful and loyal City of, London, in ang voice but that of content and of gratitude, © The Prince Regent's Answer. “IT thank you for the assyrances of your attachment, and of your confidence in the sincerity of my endeavours to promote the welfare and security of his Majesty’s dom- nions, by the faithful administration of those powers with which | am estrusted during the lamented indisposition of the king, ‘¢ In the arduous situation in which Lam placed, I can assure you that it will be the happiest moment of my life, when, by the blessing of Providence, 1 shall be called upon to resign the powers delegated to me, into the hands of my beloved and reveted father and sovereign. ‘* My own disposition, no Jess than the example of my royal father, will make me et all times ready to listen to the complaints of those who may think themselves aggrieved, and will determine me on al] eccasions to re- gulate my conduct upon the established prin ciples of chat ancient and excellent sonstita- tion, under which the people of this countny have hitherto enjoyed a state of unrivalleé prosperity and happiness.’ » The season has been characterized by its tempestuous winds, and many ships of war and jnaumerable merchantmen have. been lost, with thousands of their crews, Among others, the Minotaur of 74.guns,. was lost on the coast of Holland, and tvo frigates on the coast of Scotland. EAST INDIES. ~ / A series of events bave taken place in India highly advantageous in their result ‘to the interests of Britain. In August last we lost three” frigates in a@ port — rem oe + port of the Isle-of France, which ran ashore in attacking a squadron of the enemy ; but wing to the excellent management and good _ fortune of Captain Rowley, ina fourth fri- gate, he recovered his superiority again by ‘captures from the enemy, even before he “was reinforced! © In November an expedition sailed from the »Isle of. Bourbon under Admiral Bertie and _General Abercrombie,. and early in De- cember made good a landing in the Isle of ‘France. After a skirmish with some forces ‘ef the enemy, in which Colonel Campbell and “Major O'Keefe were killed, the island and pail its dependencies were surrendered, toge- . Alphabetical List of Bankruptcies. i177 ther with a fleetof frigates, and other vessels, in tbe priticipal port. These islands are not only important ac- qusitions as affording relief to our trade from the enemy’s cruisers, but also as being more defensible positions than our continental ter- ritories in India. The time must come when our only possessions in Asia will be the ma- ritime positions of Ceylon, the Cape, and the Mauritius, and other islands, Since the arrival of the above intelligence, it appears that another detachment of the British naval force has taken possession of Banda, and probably long ere this, of the whole of the Moluccas. ,AvpuHasetican List of Bankevetcres and Divipenps, announced between the 20th of January and the 20th of February, extracted from the London Gazettes. a BANKRUPTCIES, [This Month 229.) (The Solicitors’ Names are between Parentheses.) Apps W. Lorking, Jinen draper. (Wilde, Warwick fquare : Ainfworth £. Withnell, Lancafter, and P, Bennett. Wil- fon, camic manufacturers. (Dewhurit, Blackburn, «< and Blacklock and Makinfon, Temple Allder W. Seward ftreet, Gofwell ftreet, foda manufacturer. » _ {(Bindman, Dyer’s court, Aldermanbury Andrews W. Giocefter place, Newingtun, paper hanger. {Watfon, Clifford's inn » AplinG. C. East Budicigh, Devon, miller, Barnard's inn, and Seacombs, Exeter F it W. Liverpool, brewer. (£gerton, Gray’s inn sanere> and Spurrier and Ingleby, Birmingham . é mee ¥ R. Piccadilly, upholfterer. (Dentou avd Barker, _ Gray’s inn ‘ ‘ » Bainbridge G. c. and W, Cartwright, Liverpool, merchants, (Tarrant and Co. Chancery lane, and Maffey and Carte wright, Liverpool ~ ; 4 Barber W.and R. Cheapfide, warehoufemen, (Wilde, ; Warwick fquare ; Barber J. and T. Hatton, Macclesfield, liquotmerchants, (Palmer, «— (Norbury, Macclesfield, and Sherwin, Gts James ttreet, Bedford row + Beavan J, H. Kennington, flour factor, (Reeks, Well- ‘ clofe fquare ' Belthaw T. Manchefter, machine maker, (Halfted and . Ainfworth, Manchefter, and Milne and Parry, Temple Bennet &. Downend, Gloceftery mealmans (Cox or vq Sek, Brittol, and James, Gray’s inn fennett T. fonug Acre, ironmonger. (Annefley and ‘ Rennett, Angel court, Thrugmorton ftreet. Benweill J. Freinford, somerfet, innholder. _ ( Williams, ‘ as Lion fquare, and Williams and Buth, Trow- idge _, Berry J. Norwich, printer. {Simpfon and Rackham, Norwich, and Windus and Holtaway, Chancery lane Berry R: Shoreditch. hop merchant. (Chitten, St. _ ,Thomas’s treet, Southwark , Birkinhaw J. Newton upon Uufe, York. brewrr. (Lam- aoe oa iy ina fyuarey and Lockwood, jun. Eafing- _. wold, Yor x Bitup G.C. Maidftane, foap manufacturer. (Bovill and t Tutin. New Bridge ftreet - : Blacg W. R. Great Grimfby, corn merchant. (Daubney, : ' reat Grimiby, ana Grey, Holborn court, Gray’s nun Blakely A. Dewsbury, York, cloth manpfeéturer. (Ry- Jeg Dewsbury, and Crofsley, Holborn court, Gray’s * ion Blaylock J. Carlifle, muflin manufacturer. (Mounfey * and Giles, Carlifle, and Mounfey, Staple’s inn : . Bleafe J. Dover treet, Viccadilly, uphuliterer. (Wedd and Day, Gerard ftreet. Soho Blow: W. Hertford, tavner, (White and Son, New fyuare, Lincoln's inn y )Blowers'T. Tottenham Court road, linen draper, (Sweet and Stukes, Temple -Bodman wW. fen. Queen’ ftreect, Southwark, victualler. hiufon, Charlotte ftreet, Fitzroy fjuate B w Ph pwaiag Bla viOreas; thinner. Spear, Gray's inn, and Powell. Neath (Boyes B. ¥rewton, Lanicatter, builder. lane, and Dixon: Prefton »Brade &4, R. Norcott, and J. Joel, Manchefter, coach ma- kers. (Windle, Jobn ttiect, Bedford row, Maudfley, -« Sirmingham, and Ford, Manchefter \ ‘Brain j. Britoi.cooper. (Whircombe and King, Serjeant’s inn, Flees treet, and Frankis, Briftol Miridcons, W. Great. Wild Jtreet, Lincoln's ink fields vies tualler, (Boyvill, New Bridgettreet . . . UMenvury Mas. Ng. 219. (Car@ale and (£lis, Chancery Coufins Crippen C. Limehoufe, hyop bender, Brouke, C. Hirh Town, Liverfedge, York, butchere (Evans, Hatton Garden, and Carr, Gomer fal, York Brown J. jun. and G. Brown, Cannon treet, cheefes mongers. (Millet and Annefley, Finsbury fyuare § Buchanan R. Liverpool. vender of medicines, | (Chambre, Chapel freer, Bedford row, and Statham and Hughes, Liverpool Buckley T. Kennington lane, thoemakers (Brown, Blackman itreet, Borowgh _ Bullen T. High ftreet, Newington, dealer. (Brown, Blackman ftreet Bundy R. Brifto!, brewer. and Stokes, Tempie Burrows ie Hammerfmith, victuadier. ' Rice, Jermyn ftreet 4 g (Bourdon, Temple (Stephens, Britol, and Sweet (Cuppage and Camp J. Weft Smithfield, ftationer. ftreet, White Friars Cannan S. Beckingham, Effex, carpenter. (Harvey, PALS Houfe, Kelvedon, Effex, and Warne, Broaa eet Canfdell W. Hackney road, carpenters (Wilde and Knight, Cattle Mréet, Falcon fquare Carelefs J. Three King court, Lombard ftreety merchant. (Willis, Fairthorne, and Clarke, Warnford court, and Barrett and Wilfon, Manchefrer Pn.» Carter T. Oxford ftreet, upholiterer. Temple Caffel M. Sun ftreet, Bifhopfgate. alley, Cornhill Chalfont S. #ueware. corn dealer. ftrect, Bedford fyuare Clayton J. Horbury York, clothier. bury, and Battye. Chancery lane Cogfwell W. Trowbridge. Wilts, clothier. (Williams, Red Lion fquare, and Williams and Buh, Trow- bridge r Collins R. Union court, Broad ftreet, builder. (Ellifoms (Windle, John ftreet,~ White Hart court, Lomberd arcet #edford row, and Griffith and Hinde, Liverpool (Sweet and Stokes, (Hart, Pope’s Head (Vincent, Bedford (Scholefield, Hor. Colvin, J. Liverpool, merchant. Cooke J. Houghton Drayton, Hants, miller. (Bremridges Inner Temple, and Footner, Andover _ Cooper J. Oxford ftrect, umbrella maker. (Afpinal!, Quality court, Chancery laue Couper N. Pemberton row, Gough fquare, china gildcre (Matthews and Randafl, Caftle ftreet. Holburn Corri D. Air ftreet, Piccadilly, profetiurofmufic. (Tyr- net and Pike, Bloomsbury fytare . Bread ftreet; merchant. (LOowlefs and Crofie, $t. Mildred’s Court, Poultry ‘i . Creed J. Weymeuth, Dorfer, victualler. — (Henning, Wey- mouth, and Aleyanner, New {yuare, Lincoln's inn (Thomas, Fen court, Fenchurch ftreet nt : Crook A. B. Colne, Lancafter, Calico manufacturer. (Hardacre, Colne, and Wiglefworth, Gray's inn ware cullen R. and J. Peers, Cheapfide, factors« (Pulleny Fore ftreet, Cripplegate Curgenven kK. jun. Plymouth, linen draper.’ . (Fo) er, Temple, and Pridnam, tlymouth Dallas A. Tower hill wine merchant. (Whitton, Creat James itrect, Bedford row ~ Dawfon'T. High freet, Wapping, grocer. (Clutton, Sr, ‘Thomas's ttreet, Southwark Deformeanx L. Great Titchficid Areet, apothecary, (Col. : lins ana Waller, Spital lijuare Ne key Dingwall P. Ludgate hill, grocer. (RobinfOn, Charterhovfe fyuare Divchran J. Sherborne Jane, carpenter. (Fitcties and Samptpn, Swithis’* aoe NM Ebsworca 178 wbtworth W. Webury, Glocetter. wéater, (Whitcombe and King, Serjeant’s inn, and Frankis, Briel. Eddifon T. Romford, linen draper, (‘Fownthend, Rom- fords and Jones, Martin’s lane ( Faerbar o. Cc. Bryaes treet, Covent Garden, tailors (Prior, p 0 r Fairle(s E. T. Staples inv, money fcrivener. and Plumptree, Temple Fallows H. Pendleton, Manchefter, dealer and. chapmans (Buckley. Manchetters and Milne and Parry, Temple Trimfarai, Carmarthen, coalmerchant. (Pop- kin, Dean freer, Soho, and Seymotr, Mere - Belland Brodrick, Bow Jane i é Firth £, Hatton Garden, turner. , (Kenrick, Hatfield Fither J. Weeley, Effex, fhopkeeper. (Nettlethip, Gro- cer’s Hall (Hufiey, Furnival’s inn a Floyd 6. Liverpool, Hiquor merchabt. (Shepherd and “Fotter T. Doncafter, butcher. (Pearfon, Doucater, and Bleafdale, Alexander, and Holme, New inn Manchefter. and Ellis, Chancery lane ae Garman. W. Briftol, merchants (J MES, Gray’s ina Gates T. Robert treet, Bee es Surry, victualler, Eyans, Keuningron Crots been Hi (Stratton and Allport, Shoredice! court, Throgmuorton frreet Gibdfon W. Edgware road, cheefemongere (Richardfon, Godart P. Wilmot fhteet, (Hind, Throgmurton ttreet . Copthall court, Throgmorton treet iWarhea Faugoin #. r Fettes R. York, grocer, (Brook and Bulmer, York, and frreet, Chriftchuroh, Surry Flack J. Layftall @reet, Liquorpond ftreet, coach fnith. | Adlington, Bedford row, and Plumbe, Liverpool Fuller J. jun. grocer, Manchefers (Hewitt and Kirk, fquare, and Cornifi, Brrtol ; Gibbs J, A. Worthing, plumber. Gibfon FE. Great Sti Helen's, merchant.» (Dawes, Angel Fither, and Lake, Bury (treet, St. James's ” Gorden Gs Damary Farm, spoilt, maltfer: " (Bremridge, _ Temple, and Footner. Andove Goodman G: Marchmont frreet, pander: (Toone, Clifford's inn N p P Gossing & Bramhall, Chefter, muflin manufacturer, (Baddeley, Stockport, and Milne wid Farry temple “Graham R-. Liverpook merchant, cooper and Lowes Ronthampron. Puildivgs, aud Orred and Baines, or Crump and Soden Livse es Leese Granger T. Lorg Acre, brats founder, Lyon’s inp < . : Greaves T. Oldnam, Lancatter, grocer, (Truwhitr, (Barlow, Olu- ham, and Milne.and Pagry, Temple. Groeeker W. A. Great $t. Helen’, hip Owner. (Bettree; St. Mary Axe : hi Haintwarth j. Pudtey, York, clothier. (Upton, Nichol« fun, and Hemingway, Leeds, and Lambert and Sons, Bedfordrow ; ¥ , Raley C. Wigmore rect, watchmakers (Kibblewhitey Kowland, apd Robinfon, Gray's inn place oy Mall J. Bletchingly, brewer. (Williams and- Wilmot, New jan . : Ratand S, B. Plymouth, linendraper, (Rood, jun. Piy- inouth Dock, and Drewe and Loxham, New ifn Harriott T- Bi fgate ftrect, chinaman, {(Warrand aod Wood, Caltle court, Budge row ei a 6 Mart. Plymouth, tavern keepers .( Williams and Darke, Prince's treet, Bedford row, 4nd Buzon, Plymouth Hock ‘ Martley C. and We Bingley, York, worfted fpipoers. (Evans, Hatton Garden, and Crofley, Bradtord 7 Mawkins J. Queen ttreet, Limehoufe, builder. (Evite and Rixon, Haydon fyuare, Minories 2 ' Haywood J.B. and J, Finniger, Calue, Wilts, and Coleman 2a Cluthiers. (Debary, Derby, and Scudamore, emple wat Heath J. Wilmer, Chemiire, cheefe fattor, (Wilfon, Temple, and Sparrow, Newcaltle, Stafford + Hefil W. Gray’s Inn lane, grocer. | (Morgan, Old City Chambers by Mendy W. Swanfea, vitualler, (Bleafvale, Alexander, and Holme, New inn, and Berrington and Jenkins, Swantea- Mey woud J, Maochefter, machine maker. (Foulkes apd Crefwell, Manchefter, and Longdill and Beckit, Cray*s inn Hill J. Axminfter, Devon, innholder, (Pearfon and Son, .. . Temple. and Taunton, Axmintter.. Tes waar F Levenfuulme, Lancafter,. dyer, | (Nabby Man- chefter pi seuie *Wodgfon A. Fenchurch ftreet Chambers, merchant, (At- Chefon and Morgan, Winchelter ftreet ; Molder J. Aull, tailor “ (Exley. Stocker, and Dawfon, Furnival’s inn, and.Codd and Garland, Hull 3 “Mopwood E: Marfden, Lanceihire, cotton manufafturer. (Caron and Brumell, Alderfgate ftreet, and Delafare, Keighley, York - 4 4 sMorner J. Smihficity Vidtubiler. * (Wiltshire, Rolton, ond Weft, Old Broad freer ° i 7 ; Morher R. Welburn, York, tanner, (Smirhfon and Son, : New Malton- and Robinfoh, Fifex treel, Longer t Mune R. Bucklersbury, warehouleman, (Caton and Brumeli, Alderigate ftreet a Hutchins G. Ardover, fpiritdealers . (Neale, New inn, and Bird, Andover " ‘ Myde, J. and J. Clemfon, Manchefter, dyers. (Buckley, Manchefter, and Milne and Parry, Temple Zngieby J. Lygany-wern, and C. Ingleby, Soughton, Biintfhire, tead merchants... (Roverte, Holy Weuy Flint, and Milne and Parry, Temple Alphabetical List of Bankruptcies. « Branfwick f{quare, oilman.- [March ty ‘Ingres B. Old treet, bedkead makers (Collins ht Waller, Spital fjuars ee “JMerwood J: Manchefter, manufa@turer. (Willis, Faire thorme, and Clark, Warnford court, and Heflop, Matt> chefter Ives J, €awlton, Norfolk, grocer. (Boyce and Deacot, Norwich, and Windus and Holtaway, Chancery lane Jackfon W. Sherbourve lane, merchant. (Highmoor, -.. Buth dane, Ganson Saget 4 2519 : Jeferies J. Sudbury, Suffolk, millers .(Stedfnany Sudburys aud Mégeifon and Fairhank, Hattun Garden 4 Tremere R. Old Change; fa@tor. (Hackett, Bearbinuer ane > Jones J+ Rochdale, ofl dealers (Mangnall, Warwick quare - Jones S. Wardour ftfeet, grocer, (Blake ‘and Son, Cook's court, Carey ftreet —- > * Jones C- and B, Loadfman, Sheffield, druggifts: (Lawlefs and Crofie, St. Mildred’s coort, Poultry . Jofephs M. Great Prefcot treet, Gcodman’s fields, mere chant. (Pearce and Son, éwithin’s lane Joyce, A. D.. Fordingbridge, Hants, tick manufacturers (Kinfey, Furnival’s inn -Karby W. Stratfurd, Effex. plumber and glaziers [Stratton and Allport, Shoteditch Keating J. Manchelter, dealer. (Hewitt and Kirk, Mane _ cheer, and Ellis. Chancery lane Kelly J. Great Pulteney ftreet Golden fquare, victualler Kent T. K. Cannon ftreet road, St. George's in the Eat, __ timber dealer. {Reeks, Wellclofe fquare : King J. Aampftead. thop keeper« (Bryant, Copthall coulty Throgmorton ftreec ‘(Atkinfon and Bole Kirk-J. Leeds, tin plate worker. land, Lecds Knight W. Wells @reet, carpenters {Turner and Pikes ... Bloomsbury fquare 4 Krauts J, Manchettet, merchants J Richards, Chancery lane, and Byfield, Manchefter Lay J. Oxford ftreet, hatter. (Tuckers Bartlett’s buildings Lee R. and D. Payne, Cheapfide, thaw! printerss (Prefse land and Munns Brunfwick fyuare ae H. Bury St. Edmund's; merchants (Sparke, wy Burg oo tte - ite Lewis, J. Worcefter, vintner, (Becke, Bream’s buildings Chancery Janes and Allen, Worcefier. .- mh * “Lewis W. Abingdon, banker, (Falcon, Temple : Liewillen W. Brifttol, toy dealer. (Shephard and adlingtons Bedford row, London, and James, Briftol... Lockicy J- J. Tooley ftreet, dealer in foap and candite. (Harding, Primrofe ftreet, Bithopfgate : Mallefon, Ju XK. Sweeting’s alley. Curnbilly Dill brekérs (Withy, Bucking&am ftreet, Strand ‘ Mafon J. Heywood, Lancaftery thopkeeper. i Bury, Lancafter, and Wiglefworth, Gray’sinn fquare Mayers k. Manchefer, grocer. (Eilisy Chancery lanes : and Jonnfon and Londfiale, Manchefter % Mellor T. Burflem, Stafford, potter. (Barber, Fetter _ 2, Jane, and Fenton, Neweaitle, Sta : “ MRA JOM Bailey,, dealer and chapmans (Parton, ina sree 2 uffie A. Liverpool, merchant. (Tarrant, Clarke, ahd rata Chancery lane, and Maffey and Carewrights - iver , Midwood T. H. Bow lane, Cheapfide, warehoufeman. (Benbow aud Hope, Stone buildings, Lincoln's ina (Barker, Mills J. Holywell @reet, Strand, merchant, .(Mayhews Sd pr ee keeper... (Walto! onnet L. Spring Garden, tavern er. alton, Girdler’s hall, Bafinghall freet Ke : 4 Morley ds Stewardftone, Effex, flk throwfters, (Gregfon and Dixon, Angel court, TA:ogmorton freet =~ Moigrove W. Honiton, Devan, furgeoh and apothecary, (Turner, Exeter, and Collett, Chancery lane - Mund hiees bhrewton, Wilts, victuallere (Swayne, ilton _ Nicholfon G, Queensftreet, Bloomsbury, cealere [Toofty, Warwick court, Ho boro Norris T. Manchelter, merchant, (Cooper and Lowe, .. Southampton buildings, Chancery lane : Pailethorpe J. Nottingham, merchant. Makin fon, Tempic, and Sanders, Nottingham Falog E. Dowgate hill, merchants. | Bovill, New Bridge reet Parker BR, Great Saffron hill, iron founder. [Jonesane Reynail, Mayor's Court Office, Royal Exchange. Parkhoufe E. Brixham, linen draper. [Surtony New Millman &reety and Mortimer, Exeter . Parkin J. Ws Ecciesfeld, York, tobacconit. [{Williame and Darke, Priuce’s rcet, Bedford row, and’ B urbeary, She Reid a" got ¢ Parr J. Mauchetter, merchznt. |Bllis, Chancerylaneyand Knight and Hadteldy Manchefter Parsy J. eptford, porters {Wadefon, Barlow, and Groivenor, Auftin Friars #2 Patrick J. Mary-le- bone @reet, Piccadilly, .lincn draper« (Sweet andstakes, Temple y an Pearkes J. St. Paul's Church yards filk weavers [Smithy (Williamfon, Liverpodl, Barber's Hall Peck Ss Liverpool. merchant: and Windle, John ftreet, Bedford row Peter(dorff F. Hatton, Garden, furrier. [Strattum and Aliport, Shoreditch od Phelps R.and T, Prefdee, Newnham, Glocefter, linen dra~ . pers. (Chilton, Linculn’s inn, and Ward, Glocetter © Phillips D, Wallbrook, taijor. (Courteen, Walbroek Pitt .C. Soothampton, ftatuary,. [Lysy Tovk’s coutts Chancery iaue 1. «Pottell (Tarrant, Clarke, and - (Blacklock and 1811] Po Por IL Ws Cow lane. carpenter. uildings, Chancery lane ter J. Manchefter. grocer. {Primrofey Southampton [Cooper and Lowey Southampton buildings, and Jepfen, Manchetter Frise J: Coventry, ribbon manufacturer. (Alexandery éw fyuare, Lincoln’s inn, and Miniter. Coventry Price J. Birmingham, brafs founder.. (Swain. Stevens, d Maples, Old Jewry, and Whately, Birmingham ter E. Ludgate hill, carn dealer. {Smithy Dorfet _ ftreet, Salisbury fquare Prodor e Aa ee brewer. Lincoln's inn. fields EMayo and Berkley, ReddallJ. Great St. Helen's, merchant, (Bellamy, Clif- ford’s inn Repnards R, and T. Hull, merchants. [Courteen, Wal- brook Richaras H. Strand, gun maker. ‘Ouverie ftreet, Fleet ftreet (Murphy and Cameron, Richardfon J.Sloave fereet, apothecary. [Swain, Stevens, Pictere and Maples, Old Jewry Berrington and Jenkin, Swan ‘dfon T. Cadoxton juxta Neath, Glamorgan, chemift. afdale, Alexander, and Bane» New inn, aod ea Rigden R. Hatton ftreet, blacking maker. © [Edwards, Caf@le freet, Holborn Boherts E. and J. Welth, Suffolk lane, cotton brokers. t (Wilde, Warwick {quare Roberts T, Liverpool, woollen draper, [Windle, John freer, Bedford row, and Griffith and Hinde, Livere Saint C. Norwich, Sali pool thaw! manntaéturer. [Abbott, Chan §ery Janes: d Bygraye and Goodwin, Norwich s ury J. Highgate, victualler. Lincoijn’s inn (Price and Williams, fanderfou Ww. Liverpool, timber merchant. (Windle, Sills f.5 Je, an ’ Merchants. . [Falcon, Temple 1 Price ana wt jams, Lincoln's iun : Simpfun, F. Lancer. chant, kinfony “Femples and Atkinfon, Lancater 9) Simpfon Nr jugs, aly, Cambridge, carrier. EPickering, $mi ‘Smith E. Green Staple’s in ‘ th A. €, Kennington green, Blackman tt et, orough iy 8 fowter &. Ede dogs Payne, Cullu - chants Dawfon, Furnivaj’s inn [Blacklock and Mas and Archer, Mitdeihall, Suffolk merchant, [ Brown, cer. [Richardfony New inn m ftreet, London, mer- ‘worth: Aull, and Exldy, Stocker, and Stephens E. fen. and }iinr. Oxford treet, carvers and mildors. ‘Hall, Coleman treet Stephehs W. C. Weftbury-upon-T: *EPaniel andisons, Sriftel, avd Pearfons, Temple Douche wer W. and J. Bajley, Manchefter, cottyn manu - facturers+ ford court, and Barre tym, Glocelter, jobber. { Willis, Fairthorne, and Clarks, Warn- and Wilfou, Manchefter ‘Brore J. Failfworth, Mancheiter, cocton. manufacturers { Barlow, Oldham, and Milne and Parry, Temple ‘Stort Rema: Lancafter, money (crivener. {Tar- rant, e, and Richards, ChanceryJane h Button J. Sandy, Beds, butcher. (Smith, Furnival’s INDH SAY cs ; Bwindells, S. Stockport, hatter. and Milne aod Parry. Temple {Baddeleyy Stockport, rs Sym E, Bull uffex, dealer in cattle. [Palmer gmones ay autnets § it deal ; *‘Tallemach. T.. B' am, Surry, dairyman, [Willett and Aunefley, Finsbury fquare Paylor J. WincheGer row, Mary-le-bone, cheefemongere 2G: Fifke, Paltgra lace, Strand » : TT te pa merchant, | {Kibblewhite, Rowland, and Robinfon, Gray's ino place ; . Thornley. J. Liyérpuol, merchant. (Bird, Liverpool, a and Windle, Jona firect, Bedford row MEON,. W, inekley, ourrier. Laser Jarvis, inckiey" Tim - ham 5 ‘Trevicniek R. and R. Dickinfon, fron tanks. uitin Priars * ie a Fenchurch buildi wale dt “Annefley, €insbury (quare + (Ware, Grays inn, ming, Ts Birmingham, tailor. - {Bevon and Tooke, et i tasaree aud Barker and Unett, Birming- Limehoufe, dealers ig {Wadefon, Barlow, aad Gtofyenur, nes, merchant. [Wi tet -" Wisat G. Portfmouth, vintier. (Calloway, Portfmouth, / my cut Chancery lane ‘ rs PAM sin Te [Biixton. Surry, clothier, (Highmore, Buh ia0cy Cannon ftreet Walker ©. Maricheiter, manufacturer. (/Halftead. and ’ 2 Sinhiot Maneheft.r, and Milug¢ and Parry, 2 bea 013 i. Little Britain, lace d no, and Heatn, Buckingham saler. 4{Lyony Gray’s Watts G. Well treet, Hickney, bakers CAtfield, High _ fireet, Shadweil any’ . ito ivaen ye M rfhalt, Staftords ‘ : Metockers ry Dawfon, Furvival's inn, and Middleton, «| and Vernon Stone, Stafford ebber J. Webb treet, Southwar Cyleman treet [ Thomas, Wallbrook corm deabere | CExleys fy rag merchant, [Hall, Alphabetical List of Bankrupicies and Dividends. A719 Weftoo BR. and.J. and J...Duftony Berry court, factore. (Pullen, Fore Greet, Cripplegate White E. B, Chambery ftreet, Goodman's fields, [Rutfon Welltlufe fyuare White J. Glocefter, barge owner. [ James, Gray’s inn fquare, and Okey, Glocefter. - ; White F- Liverpool, merchant. [Windle, John ftreete ©" Bedford row, and Griffith and Hinde, Liverpool WhitwellW. Bethnal] Green, foap manufacturer. (Hind. man, Dyer’s courty Aldermanbury . Williams A. Rumney, Monmouth, fhopkeeper, (Daniel _and Sows, Briftol, and Peacfon and Son, Temple Wilfon E. H. Liverpool, merchant. [Cooper and Lowe, s peut 2d uildings, and Orred and Baines, Li verpoo her ; Withers J. Frefhford, Somerfet, corn factor.- [Highmoor, Bufh lane, London, and Wingate, Bath Woodward W. Toitenham, falefman. {Taylor, Old ftreet road Woolley R, Lane End, Stafford, potter. [ Barber, Fetter lane, and Fenton, Newcaftle-under Lyme DIVIDENDS ANNOUNCED, Allen W, Radipole, Dorfet, innholder, Marche Andrade J. and J. €. Stocquelery Abchurch lane, infurance broker, March 2 ‘ Armitage R, Vigo Jane, St. James’s, ironmonger, March 10 Afhwell, J. W. Colcheter. grocer, Feb. 27 , Baillie G. and J. Jattray, Finsbury Place, merchants, March9g 4 Balls J. Bury St. Edmund’s, carrier, Feb. 27 Barter J. Strand, tailor, Feb. 23 Bateman f, Hull, merchant, March 2 Bell J. Old City Chambers, wine merchant, Feb. 2g Bent R. Linco)’s Inn Fields, merchant, March 9 Berridge W. Maiden lane, ‘Wood ftreet, Cheapfide, Feb. 26 Berry T. Fleet (treet, man’s mercer, Feb. lg Belt B, Great St. Helen's, merchant tailor, March 2 Bignell W. Great St. Helen’s, broker, March z Bone J. and W. Hone, Strand, bookfellers, March 5 © Banter W,, R Newcomb, ang J..Siffuny Cannon ftreet, filke hat manufacturers, Feb. 26 Bowler G. Houghton, Lancafter, dealer, Feb. 14 Hinuier W, fen, Caftle ftreet, Southwark, "hat manufacturery arch 2 Brasken R., T, Williams, and L. Bracken, Lothbury, mere chants, March 9 Preakwell G. Southwark, viétualler, Feb. 26 Breffit J. Alfreton, Derby, mercer, March 6 sen Richman: hill. vidtuailer, Feb. 2 Brewer W. Bathpool mills, Somerfet. miller, Feb. 22 Brickwood J. feo, andjun. J. Rainier, W» Morgan, and Jo Starkey, Lombard (treet, bankers, Jan. 26 Brooks J. Liverpool, brewer, Feb. 19 ¥ n PrN R, jun, Pleafant Place, Battle btidge, painters eb. 23 Burge W. Squthampton, butcher, Feb, 25 Mrrough M. New Sarumy banker, Feb. 27 amniford W. George frreet, Oxford freet, baker, March @ Carter J. Sandwich, draper, March 15 4 94 ; Chidell J. Southampton, porter merchant, March 13 Clark W. Water lane, Tower ftreer, merchant, Feb. 19 Clements R. Norwich, eppraifer, Feb. 25 : Clayton F. jun. Leeds, woolftaplery March @ Cohen A. and S. Sheernefs, flop fellers, Feb. 23 Cooke J. Gravefend, carpenter, Aprila Corsferth W. sifhopwearmouth, fail maker, Feb. 28 Cruofe an: Pickett ftreet, ‘Temple Bar, linen draper, March 9 , Darling W. York ffreet, Southwark, victualler, Feb. 27 Davie S. Lyme, Dortet, vintner, March 11 Davies E, J. Great Warner ftreet, linen draper, March ¢ Dawes J., We Noble, R. H, Crofty and R. Barwicks Pall Mail, bankers, March 2 : Delany}. Liverpool, draper, Feb, 16 Deipipi C, A. St. Martin ttreety merchant, March 2 Dennet R. Greek ftreet, Soho, cheefemonger, Jan. 30 Defchainp W. W., Bz S, Morgan, aud P, MéTaggatt, Suffolk Janeyrmexchants, March 16 wit Dibfdale f. Fore” itreet, Betifurd row, boot and thoe makery “Match 16 , ; Rickeniog J). W. fen. and W, D, jun. Bread ftreet, merchants, arch g > : ; ve , Dunlop J. St, Mary Ax¢, merchant, Feb. t9 . Eccles F. Crifpin Greet, spitalfields, draper, Feb. 26 Elftob H. Sunderland, mércer, Feb. 28 , Emdin A. G. Port{mouth, shopkeeper, March 2 Evans E. Neath, Glamorgan, fhopkeepery March 2 Evans T. Oxford ftreet, vidtuallery Marcn2 Bier a King’s Arms Yard, *Coleman treet, merchant, arc! a Fithe: W. Hound{ditch, linen draper, March 12 Forfer R. High treety Bloomsbury, cheefémonger, Marchi 2 Potter: J. and vig Hallas-bridge niill, York, cotton twit fpinners, Feb. 27 y Pox |. Chichian ftreet buildings, merchanty Feb. 26 Exyceman.D, W, Sykes and J: Freenian, Bermondity, leather fagtors, Marcha = ©" * Frog J. Doncaster, innholders Feb. 22 Gorman J, Aldermanbury, hofier, Feb. 16 Gilbert C, St. George's feids, back maker, March Giffing F. Borough road, fhopkeeper, March 2 Goodenough W. Hampiead road, coach maker, Febe 13 Green R. Bithop(gate treet, jeweller, Feb. 28 Hawkefhead R. Manchefer, cottoa manufacturer, March © Healey S. iiverpoc!, merchant, March 12 tieteltiuc B. Beech Krgets Bardican, hop merchant, Feb. 1@ Hewson 180 - Incidents and Marriages in and near Londond. [March't, exwane 4 ae Great St. Helen's, Bithopfgate ftreet, merchant, eb. 7 ‘Hingeftan C. and R. Walbrook, men’s mereers, March 2 Hollamby.W. Leadenhall treet, librarian, Feb. 26 Hoje T. Liverpool, houfe builder, March 1 Houghton, W. Liverpool, merchant, March 13 bad, E. Henristta itreer, Covent Garden, money ferlvener, eb. 23 ’ Howland T. Thame, Oxford, carrier. March 19 unt G, Stalbridge, linen draper, Feb, 25 unter A, Little Portland ftreet, coachtaker, March 2 Hutchinfun W, P. Liverpool grocer, March 4 : Inwood D. Lower Thames ftreet. oil and color many March 16 Fake E. Horfley down, brewer, March 16 ames J. Bri(tol, cooper, Feb, 28 : ee R, and T. Ironmonger lane; merchants, Feb. 25 ohnfon W. Edgware road, colar‘maker, March 15 onesI. C, New Tothill treet, vidtualler, Feb. -5 ‘ones P. Pentre Bach, Glamorgan, giocer, Feb. a3 ilick R. Southampton, upholiterer, April 27 Kinfey W. Ox ord {treet, cuachmaker, March 2 Kirton S+ R. Holt, Norfolk, printer, Feb 15 meg ek we Frofpect row, Bermondiey, corn dealer, lacch + r Leman J. Ramfgate, thopkeeper, Feb. 23 Lewis) H. and W. Chambers, Rathbone Place, *_ Marchg ichieaeey S.and M. Dunsford, Bafinghall #reet, merchants, ‘ ‘arch 15 Like T. Qld Brompton, builder, Feb. 26 Leng J. Deptford, viétualler, March 9 Macconald J. Woolwich, vidtualler, April 2 Maitland D. New Bridge ftreet merchant, March 15 Manning R, Stock Exchange, ftock broker, March 23 Murhall C. Vinegar Yard, Southwark, worfed manuface turers March 9 Marshall W. Old Bethlem, dea'er, Feb. 13 Martinnant P. Sty James’s (treet, warehoufeman, March 2 Mafon E. Great Swan Alley, Coleman ftreet, carpenter, Marchg : athews March 2 May S. N. Great §t. Helen’s, merchant, March t Meal Fy j. and E. Lewis, Holles ttreety Cavendith Square, milliners, Feb. 76 k Milward C. Ss. Bromley, Middlefex, miller, March 16 Moore J. New Surry lireet, Blacktriars road, jroumonger, March 2 t J Morrith W. Bath, cheefemonger, Feb. 28 Bountford J. Worcettery woollen drapery Febsagi Neye J. Birmingham, linen draper, Feb. 22 7 Nicholls J. Gray's inn, {crivener, March’ 16 -° Wicholls R, Norwich, woollen draper, Feb .48 Rackold J. Colchetter, dealer, Feb. 15 ott J. Romford, grocer, March 9 . ae ®akley J. St. Jonn freer, beditead maker, March'23 Oddy §. A. ana H. Oxford freeét, bookfellers, March ar ©'Ponnoghoe B. Widcombe, Somerfer, wine merchant, Feb. 28 " Ogic J. Billiter {guare, merchanty March 16 eis fhopkeeper, Browh’s lane, Spitalfields, we carpenters, Oabitin ‘ G. Pontefract; “York, Nquorice merchant, - arc! | Pagett D. Leicefer, grocer, March 13 ; Parnell W. Stoney lane, Borough, brewer, Feb. 19 By Farr ‘de , fe and T. C. Patrick, Suffolk laue, infurance brokers arch 5 me: Parr R. Watling (treet, wholefale haberdafher, March 26 Pals W. YT. and J. Bailey, Dockhead, brewers, March 12 Payler T. Greenwich, merchant, March 9 . Fearon, G. Friday ftreet, Cheapfide, warehoufemang ¢ Feb. 5 y 6 Percival W. Oxford ftreet, linen draper. Feb. 19 2 Perfent M. W. and A. W. Bodecker, Livle Ste Helen'ss _March 30 Phillips D. Briftol, mercer, Feb. +8 Phillips P. J, Oxford ttreet, upholfterer, Feb. 26 Pickard W. Little Moorfizids, breeches maker, Feb. 1 Pot W Brittol, carver, Feb, 20 P Read R. Lothbury, warelioufeman, May 4 Reid J. Broad ftreet. underwriter, March 12 Robe ts J. Kent road, Southwark, ftone mafon, March 16, Roberts J. Dolefavr, Cardigan, horfe dealer, March 16 Rohertfon J. Lydd, Kenr, linen draper, March § Robin fon T. Manchetter, inskeeper, Feb, 28 Robinfop W. Debenham. Suffolk, fhoemaker, March 16 Robinfun N. E. Bord court, Walbrook, merchant, March 73) Rowlandfun T. J. Bates, S. Rowlandfon, F. Ifaacy and We Brien. Cheapfide. merchants, March 2 Rowton W. and T. Morlia 1, Chelter. bankers, Feb. 5 Ruffey B. New Bond fireet, tailor, March 16 Rutlidge T. Reading, hatter, Feb. 19 Samuel R. High ftreet, Middlefex, linen drapery March 16 Saunders T. Borough market, builder; March 9 . Saxelbye J. Derby, merchant, Maich 4 Sheldon R. H, Neville’s court, Fetter lane, jeweller, March 9 Singer S. Wettbury, Wilts, clothier, March 14— Smith F. and W. Harrifon, Addie ftreet, warehoufemen, March § . Smith J, >. Liyerpool, fhoemaker, March § Sparks W. Caftie ttreet, Leicefter fields, currier, Feb. 26 Stapletou T. Sheernefs, shopkeeper, Feb. 28 Steele J. Llandaff, Glamorgan, coal m rchanty March '6 Stokes Ty Tooley ttreet, cabinet maker, Feb. 26 Strickland S, Richmond Green, tailor, March 2 y Suter G. Broad ftreet, Bloomsb sry, Victualler, Feb, 86 7 Switt J, Liverpool, (tationer, Feb. 23 Swire S Halifax, York, merchant Feb, 29 | Sykes J. Queen frreet, Cheapfide, fugar factor. Feb. 26 Tabart B.”Bond frect, bookfe}ler, March _ r, Tipper S. Leadenhall fircety bookéelier Feb. 19 | ‘Trott D. Old Change, calico pripter, Feb. 26 Tudor M, A. Reading, innholder, Feb. 20 Twallin J. Ludgate hill, innkeeper, Feb. 26 Waidfon J. Chefhunt, tailor, Feb, Io cA Wharton C, Northwich, liquor merchant, Feb. Ig Whire T. Southwark, haberdafher, May 4 Williams Ws. Wek Smithfield, cutlery Jane 29 > Wing J. Stamford, Lincoln, victualler, Feb. 14 Woodman’ W. Lime ftreet Square. merchant, Mareh 19 . Woolcombe W, sen. and jun. Rotherhithe, fhip builders, Mayg » ’ a INCIDENTS, MARRIAGES, ann DEATHS, 1n axp wean LONDON ¢ With Biographical Memoirs of distinguished Characters recently deceased, a BOUT seven o'clock in. the evening of. February 8th, a destructive fre happened at the printing-oftice of Mr. Barnard,. in Skinner-strect. It was occasioned by an acci- gent. in the press-room, where a great num- ber of sheets were hanging. Some of the paper having taken fire, the men at work Immediately endeavoured to extinguish the flames, but their exertions were unavailing; the blaze spread with astonishing rapidity, and. it wag with the greatest difficulty they escaped from the room. Ina short space of time the upper part of the house was enve- Yoped in flames, and a conflagration more lu- minous has seldom occyrred in the metropolis. ‘The engines soon arrived, but the house be- ing in a confined situation up a long narrow assage,se it was some time before water could i thrown to produce any effect. The whole extent of the printing-office continued burn- jng until all was destroyed. "The Royal “Naval Asylum at Greenwich, . under the patronage of government, is now nearly finished, and has a very elegant ap- pearance when viewed from Greenwich Hos~ pital. It is-at present calculated to contain 1000 children; but it is proposed to extend the establishment to 2000, MARRIED. At Mary-le-bone, J. Russell, esq. of Ham’ Hall, Staffordshire, ‘to Mary, only daughter of David Pike Watts, esq. of Portland Place.— John Mackenzie, esq. son af the Hon. George’ M. of Jamaica, to Miss Knibbs, of Bentinck. street, Manchester-square.—-Richard Jen~ nings, esq. of Portland Place, to Lowisay youngest daughter of Richard Paul Jodrelly: esq.—Thomas Nelson, M.D. of Berners», street, to Catherine, youngest daughter of the late Robert Hamilton, esq. of Grenada,— James Whatman, esq. of Vinters,.Kent, to Eliza, eldest. daughter of S. R. Gavssen, esq, of Brookman’s Park, Herts. —R. Wroughton,. esq. to Eliza, daughter of the Rev, Dr. Thomas. » ae : At St. George’s, Hanover-square, Francis, only > ASth.y nly son of Francis Skurry, esq. of Guildford, 4o Frances Jemima, only daughter of John ‘Martyr, esq. of the same place.—The Rev, Robert Walpole, son of the late Hon. Robert « his Majesty's Envoy at the court of Lis- bon, to Caroline, youngest daughter of the Jate John Hyde, esq. one of the Judges of the Supreme court at Calcutta.—James OfReilly, esq. eldest son of Sir Hugh O’R. bart. to Miss *Arabet, only daughter of the late Baron ?A.—-Edward Bullock Douglas, esq. of De+ wonshire Place, to Miss Harriet Bullock, youngest daughter of the Rev. Dr. B. rector of St. Paul’s, Covent Garden. . At St. James's, Wm. Brereton, esq. of Brenton, Norfolk, to Miss Hale, of Tavis- tock-square. .. Lieut. Foreman, 56th regiment, to Miss Polhill, only davghter of the Jate Col. P. of the East India Company’s service. _ Abraham Van Brienen, esq. of Archangel, to Mrs. Mansell, of Crawford-street. / _. Thomas Henry Buckle, esq. of Mark-lane, to Miss Middicton, daughter of the-late Peter M. esq. of Hull. _ At Hampstead, Thomas Hughan, esq M.P. of Devonshire Place, to Miss Millegan, eldest daughter of Robert M. esq. At West Ham, John Goodwin, sq. of Hull, to Miss Morgan, At Islington, Mr. N. H. Clifton, to Mar- tha, daughter of the late Rev. A, Crow. , At St Pancras, Edward Banks Read, esq. of Ipswich, to Miss S. M‘Dowell, of Cleve- Jand-street. _. At Hackney, Capt. Ambrose Lane, 44th regiment, to Miss E. Le Mesurier, daughter of the, Jate Peter Le M, esq. governor of Al- derney, DIED. alee ‘Lambeth, . Daniel Golden, esq.78; and Mrs. Dorothy G, his wife, 82. _ In Bloomsbury-square, Edward Ommaney, 59.76. ry Northall, Ars, Sarah Pott, relict of Percival P. esq. senior surgeon of St. Bartho- Jomew’s Hospital, 87. In Harley-street, Lady Elizabeth Lee, relict of Sir Wm. L. bart. and daughter of Simon Harl Harcourt. _ At Stockwell, Mr. Wm. Rich Frederic Malling, esq. In ~s eed Buildings, Watbaniel Hu- gon, esq. barrister at law, and a commissioner of bankrupts. In Upper Berkeley-street, Thomas Fameson, sie father of Dr. J. physician to the Baltic wee the New Road, Fitzroy-square, Paul Barber, esq. 78. At Hackney, Mrs. Mary Malkix, widow of Th homas M. esq. _ At Dulwich Common, Mrs. Hall, wife of Mr. H. surgeon, _ In Powis Place, Eliza, wife of the Rev. on Cracroft, and eldest daughter of James cwis, C5g, fen Marriages and Deaths in and near London; 131 In Lower Grosyenor-street, Mrs, Bacon, relict of Col. Philip B. of Ipswich. In Billiter-square, Mrs. Druce, wife of Mrs Charles D, At Greenwich, Charles Stow, esq. In Alfred Place, Bedford-square, M/s, Ala ford, wife of Henry A. esq. of the Middle Temple, third daughter of T. B. Paget, esqe of Tamworth, Staffordshire. At Vauxhall, Miss Whitmore, eldest daugh- ter of Capt..W. 23, In Bruton-street, Adrs. Fletcher, relict of Mr. Thomas F.- of Gainsborough.—The Right Hon. Fobn Smyth, one of his Majesty*s most honorable privy council, late master of the mint, and many years representative in parliament for the borough of Pontefract. He married a daughter of the Duke of Grafton. At Hammersmith, the Rev. Dr. Keith.—e Mrs. Girdler, wife of J. S, G. esq. one of the Magistrates for Middlesex.—JAdrs. Lefe- VTe, 65. In Devonshire-street, Portland Place, Pbi- dip Stimpson, esq. In Holborn, George, | youngest son of Wm Kinnard, esq. 21. In Arlington-street, Thomas Nicholson, esq “of Bishopwearmouth, Durham. In Bryanstone+street, Mrs, Yonge, relict of Dr. Philip Y. bishop of Norwich, 81. In Spitalfields, in his 77th year, the Rew. “Robert Hood, M.A, curate of Guyhirn chapel, in the parish of Wisbech St. Mary, and master of the grammar-school at Holbeach, Lincoln- shire, to which latter he was appointed on the death of the Rev. Richard Gibson, in 1793. The right of nomination te Guyhirn chapel is in the Rev. Dr. Jobson, vicar of Wisbech 3 and the school of Holbeach is in the gift of feoftees. Mr. Wm. Kirby Trimmer, son of the late Mrs. T. At Guildhall, Js. /oodthorpe, wife of Henry W. esq. town-clerk of London. 1 At Patney, Miss Pettiward, daughter of the late Roger P. D.D. In Hertford-street, May Fair, Fane, youn gest daughter of the Rev. Dr. Coombe, 15. In Clarges-street, AZrs. Sidney, wife of Ja- seph S. esq. of Penshurst Castle, Kent. At Homerton, Edward, grandson of Ed- ward Knapp, esq. of Winchester, 18. In Beaumont-street, Scan Fobn Allen, esq of Spring Mount, Antrim, Ireland, 26. In Bedford-square, Mrs.. Mary Tatnall, of Theobald’s, Herts. In Keppel-street, the youngest son of Mr. Alderman Atkins. In Oxendon-strect, Mérs, Elisabeth Strachan, wife of Mr. Wm. S. 63. In Argyle-street, Christopher Coates Porters esq. major of the West London militia. In Finsbury-square, AZrs. NV. Solomons, sister to the late Abraham Goldsmid, esq. At Richmond, Mrs. Brown, wife of Wm. B, C595 \ At . 182 of « AtCanonbury, Bernard Bedwell, esq. 86. In South-street, Finsbury-square, Arsi Ebild, PF. . : asi M At Morden College, Blackheeth, Capt: Henry Coupar; many years an’ active com- mandes in the New York trade, 78. 5 In Panton-square, Liewt. Robert Tryon, of. _HLMS. the-Phipps, of a wound which he received in boarding’ ap enemy’s vessel, Jn the Pemple, Stewart Kyd, es. barrister, author of several valuable publications on the. Jaws of England. ' In Great Ormond-street, in his 76th year, Atkinson Bush, esq. a gentleman ef great in- ‘uence in the county of Middlesex, and well known so far bach as the days of ** Wilkes and Liberty,” when he was an acti¥e and eloquent supporter of that-arch- patriot. At Lady Saltoun’s, New Cavendish-street, efter only a few hours iliness, ia his'24th syear, the Hon: Simon Fraser, son of the late, andonly brother of the present, Lerd Saitoun, and a banker in Lombard-street, at the head of the house of Fraser, Perring, afd Co. Mr. Fraser was at the opera only the preceding evening. aris ; ¥ “Mr. Foseph Smart, sen. formerly aneminent printer -and bookseller at Wolverhampton, Staffordshire, ; _». Mrs. Coke, wife of the Rev. Dr. C, gene- ' yal superintendant of the Irish, Welch, West India, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland, mis- ions in the Methodist connection. At Greenwich, in his 80th year, the Rev. WNewil Maskelyne, D.D. F.R S. rector of North Runcton, Norfolk, and Astronomer Royal, of whose life a Memoir will be given in our ext. At Paddington, his Excellency the Duke @ Albuquerque, - ambassador extraordinary from Spain to this country. His disorder, a Merangement, brought on by grief and disap- pointment, was of so violent a nature as to iprove mortal in a few daysy From the mo- ment he was seized to that of his death, he ecarcely ceased to exclaimy Moriar Napoleon! The late Mary Verney, Baroness Formanagh, “(whose death we have already noticed in page 92 of our last Numter,) was born Oc- tober 23, 1737, the posthumous and only child of the Honourable Jehn Verney, eldest ~son of Ralph Viscount Fermanagh, Baron of Belturbet, and first Earl of Verney, to which fatter honour he was promoted after his son’s decease. Her ladyship’s great-grandfather “was Ralph. Viscount Fermanagh, in which title he was succeeded by his son Ralph, cre- ated Earl of Verney, as before-mentioned, who died October 4, 1752, and was succeeded shy his second, but eldest surviving son, Ralph, second Earl, who wasone of his Majesty’s mest shonourable Privy Council, a fellow of the Royal Society, and successively M.Pi for , Wendover and Carmarthen. © This lord ‘mar- ried Sent. i1, 1740, Mary, daughter and hei- -tess of Henry Herring, of Egham, Surry, a aisector of the Bank of England; but dying . Deaths. in and near Londot, =~ [March 1, without iéstie,’ March 25,1791, the titles of Baron of Beltutbet, Viscount Fermanagh, and Earl of Verney, became extinct; but the estates devolved to his niece, Mary Verney, only daughter of his elder brother, the Hon, John Verney, who, as Wefore stated, died in this father’s life-time, without issue male. Mary Verney was ‘créated Baroness Ferma~ nagh in 1792, abvit a year after the extinc* tion of the antient titles of her ancestors; but, deceasing unmarried, the title of Fermanagh becomes again’ extinct, making the twelfth Irish Peerage which has failed since the Union in January 1801, for default of male heirs. {Further particulars of Mr. Lewis, whose “death is recorded at page 7:8 of our last Num= ber.] This gentleman, as acomie actor, was ‘certainly at the’ head of his profession 'for the whole of the period of which he was on the London stage. He had acquired consi- derable fame as a comedian, before he ven- tured upon the boards of the great metropolig of the British empire. He made his first ape ‘pearance in London at Ceyent Garden The- atre, about the year 1774, in the part of the West Indian, which he represented ‘with so much ease, sprightliness, and humour, ‘that _he fixed his reputation on his first appear- ‘ance, ‘and madesuch a progress in public favour, that he was, during the whole of his tareer, ‘the popular comedian of his day. From the characters which he generally as- sumed, and from his well-bred manners in -private life, he soon acquired the designation of Gentleman Lewis, to distinguish him ftom ‘Leé Lewes, who generally dg parts of ‘a less elegant description. r. Lewis came upon’ the London boards just as poor Wood ward was closing his career, and he was the rightful inheritor of that excellent actor’s ‘¥ange of characters; and was indeed capable of assuming parts: which Woodward ‘would have been'inéapable Of representing; such, for instance, as’ Faulkland in the Rivals, a part which Mr. Lewi8’ rendered “very pros tminent in that admirable comedy, and which he supported with all requisite ease and’sen- sibility, There was’ an original ‘spirit, gaiety, and whim, in Mr’ Lewis’s manner, which not only enabled him to display the general round of Stock characters, ‘as the are called, of the legitimate drama, wit great skill, but which induced O'Keeffe, and ‘other drarnatic writers of the present day, todes — sign parts entirely for the purpose of drawing forth his peculiar talents, and affording scope ‘for the exuberance of his humour. © Indeed it _may be truly said, that many productions of the present day were indebted” for the favou with which they were received wholly to the whim, geiety, and ‘originals humour, with which he supported the principal characters, But the powers’ of Mr. Lewis were not con- fined to comedy. He was a very respectable actor in the tragic province ; and we are as- sured that the excellence which he displayed in Mrs, Hafnah More's tragedy’ of Percy, pracuied 48ii.) procured him the watm approbation of Gar- rick himself. But though Mr. Lewis dis- tinguished himselfso much in what may be called the dashing characters of comedy, his private life was marked by every domesti¢ wirtue. He was an affectionate husband and father, and he was rewarded by the posses- sion of an estimable wife, and amiable and accomplished offspring. The immediate cause of his death was a fever on his chest; and he had only been confined to his bed a week, before his family and numerous train of friends, had the misfortune to be deprived othim. As a member of society he was dis- tinguished for probity, and a strict performance of all his engagements, It is soseldom that the world is deprived of a man of his emi- nence in the rank of society to which he be- longed, and te whom the public were so much indebted for so many years of harmless pleasure, that we have deemed it an act of duty and gratitude to a man of worth and talents, to give this testimony to his. profes- sional excellence and personal merits. - He was in possession of his faculties till the last moments; and his tatest. words testified affection for his family, and resignation to his fate. It was generally supposed that Mr. Lewis was a native.of Ireland, but he was born in the principality of Wales. « [Further particulars of Mrs. Trimmer, whose death is mentioned at page 91 of our last Number.] This excellentiady was summoned from a world of trouble and sorrow, by one of the most gentle calls that ever was sent fsom Heaven,to a human being: while sitting in her chair, perusing the letters.of a de- ceased friend, she sank as. it were into a tran- qguil slumber; and so peaceful .was her end, that the moment when the soul was separated Mrom the body could not be exactly ascer- “tained., It is an erroneous opinion among Many persons, that Mrs. ‘I’rimmer desired and «prayed that she might be removed from this world in the very manner in which she res ally was. Thie, however, was far from being ‘the case; it is true, that she always wished ‘to be spared the pain of a lingering illness, ‘and had great dread of her faculties being ‘impaired by age: she was, however, so fully aviare of the many imperfections and errors to which human nature is liable, that it was ‘her earnest desire to have some time allowed ter to prepare fordeath. ‘Though Fortune had lavished. no extraordinary gifts ‘upon her, ‘the poor ever found in Mrs. Trimmer, a friend ‘who was always ready to supply their wants. Without those superior advantages ‘of education which the females of the present day possess in soemincnt a degree, she has, by her own diligence and application, con- ‘tributed in a'most wonderful manvier to-the provement of tlie rising generation, through _ ‘the means of those works which-are approved of and°admired by tie most learned and dis- tinguished pergons of the age, Possessed of Account of the late Mrs. Trimmer, 183 4 naturally gobd-undérstafiding,’ a elear pers ception, a sound judgment, a pious and bés nevolent heart, and a strong desire to be uses ful to others, she succeeded so well in thé task which she had undertaken, that while the €xtreme humility of her mind prevented her from wishing or seeking’ for ‘fame, her cha racter becanie known and applauded, not only in every part of her native country, but also in some of its most distant colonies. Her remains were deposited in the family-vaulr at Ealing, on Saturday, January 5; and 2 funeral sermon was preached at New Brent. ford, January 6, by Mr. Haverfield. A cor- rect list of Mrs, Trimrher’s publications is here subjoined: 1. A Little Spelling-boolc for Young Children. 2%. Easy Lessons; a sequel to the above. 3. Sixty-four Prints taken from the Old Testament, with a De- scription, ina set of easy Lessons. 4. Six- ty-four Prints from the New ‘Testament, and Description, 5. Sixty-four Prints of Roman History, with Description. 6: Sixty- “four Prints of English History, with Descrip- tion, 7, A Comment on Dr. Watts’s Di- vine Songs for Children. 8. An easy Intro- duction to the Knowledge of Nature, and Reading the HolyScriptures. 9. An Abridg- ment of Scripture History, consisting’ of Les- Sons from the Old Testament. 10. An Abridgment of the New Testament, ‘cone sisting Gf Lessons composed chiefly from thé Gospels. 1%. “A Sctiptore Catechism, cons taining an explanation of the above Lessons in the style of familiar conversation, in @ vols. ‘The four last articles were written originally for children'in the’ lower clayseg’ of life ; but they have been adupted into many schogls and families, for the instruction of those of superior condition. 92. An Attempt to familiarise the Catechism of the Church of England. 145.° Anh Explahation of the Office of Baptism, and of the Order of Con- firmation in the Common Prayér-book. 44. The same, with Questions for the Use of Teachers. 15. A Conypanion to the Book of ‘Common Prayer, containing a practical ‘Comment on the Liturgy; Epistles, and Gos- pels. ‘This work, though principally ins tended for ~youhg persons, has proved satis- factory to persons of maturer years. 16. The Same ‘in two vols. with Questions for the Use of Teachers. 17. Sacred History, selected from the Scriptures, ‘with Annotations and Reflections, This work is executed upon a peculiar plan, and was cOmpased with a view of exciting in young minds an early taste for divine subjects, afd of furnishing persons of ‘maturer years, who have tot leisure for the works of more voluminous commentators, with assistance in the study of the Sctiptures. ‘The historical events are collected’ from the “various books of which the sacred yolume is composed, ad arfdnged ‘in a regular series; many passages ‘of the prophetic writings, and Of ‘the Psdlins, are interwoven with the re- AR RRM? Ar eet 184 spective parts. of the. history to which they selate; and the whole illustrated by anno- tations and, reflections, founded on the best authorities. 18. Fabulous Historiesy de- signed to teach the proper treatment of ani- mals. 19. The Guardian of Education; in 5 vols. This was a periodical work, which was published at first in monthly, and afters wards in quarterly, Numbers. It was under- «Northumberland and Durham: [March 5 taken with the pious and benevolent design of assisting young mothers in the education of their children, and was continued through twenty-eight numbers; when the fatigue which, attended so laborious a task, and a multiplicity of other ayvocations, obliged the venerable editor and authoress. to reline quish it. Sa PROVINCIAL OCCURRENCES, WITH att THE MARRIAGES anv DEATHS; | a Arranged geographically, or in the Order of the Counties, from North to South, + — Z ae *)* Communications for this Department of the Monthly Magazine, properly au- thenticated, und sent free of Postage, are always thankfully received. , hose are more particularly acceptable which describe the Progress of Local Improvements of any Kind, or which contain Biographical Anecdotes or Fucts relative to eminent or remarkable Characters recently deceased. ’ » NORTHUMBERLAND AND DURHAM. ACCORDING to a public notice given by the Trinity House, the Low Light which has been erected on the Ferne Island, was to be exhibited for the first time, on Friday the 4st of February, 1811, and continued every night from sun-set to sun-rise,, for the benefit of navigation.. This light is not,seen except in a northerly direction, and when kept on the bearing with the High Light, as-described in the printed instructions, will serve as a Jeading direction through the sound, between the Goldstone and the Plough, near Holy Island. Married.] At Berwick, William Hay, esq. to Margaret, fourth daughter of Charles Ogilvy, esq. of Zetland.—-Lieutenant John- son, of the Aberdeenshire militia, to Miss Stevenson, daughter of John S. esq. At Hexham, Mr. William Parker, of the Westwood, to Miss Tweddell. At Newcastle, Mr. Richard Geodlad, to Mrs. Jane Clark.—-Mr. Thomas Adams, to Miss A.M. Gallon.—-Mr. Daniel Heatley, to Mrs. Ann ‘Laylersen.—Mr. F. Thistle- waite, to Miss M. Moody. At Wolsirgham, Mr. John Green, to Miss Jane Collinson. At Durham, Mr. Thomas Ewbank, to Miss ~- Coiling. . At Coxhow, Lieut. William Hawkins, East York militia, to Ann, daughter of Mr. Andrew Lee, of West Salton, Died.] At Newcastle, Mr. Huntingdon. —Mrs, Jane Burleigh, 80.—Mr. William Bell.—Mrs. Brown.eMr. Ayre.—Mr. Wil- liam Farrer, of Stockton, 42.—Mr. David Crighton.—Mr. William Bass, of Gainsbo- rough, 45. He was drowned by falling down astaith into the Tyne.—Mrs. Roper.—Mr. | Of Pigg, many years surveyor for the corpe- ration, 72.—eMr, George Clatk.—Mr, P. Dixon, clerk to the collector of excise in this town, 32. He went to bed in perfect healthy, and was found dead the next morning-—= Middleton Hewitson, esq. Bi xt At Berwick, Mrs. Adamson, wife of Cap- tain A. paymaster of .the Aberdeenshire mi- litia.—Mr. Thomas Scott, 72.—-Mrs. Jackesy 77. ott At Tweedmouth, Mrs, James, 84. At Sunderland,. Mrs. Eleanor Rochestery 77.—Mr. Michael Dunn. At Darlington, Mrs. Smithy: wife of Mrs Henry S.—Mrs. Crow. ' At Alnwick, Mr. Thomas Strother, 64. Mrs. Hudson. $ ou, be : _ At Durham, Mary Ann, daughter of Mrs, Methold, and grand-daughter of Sir John Eden, bart.aeMr. George Longstaff, 88. William, son of Mr. Thomas Ainsley, 18.—. Mr. Henry Wilson, 60.—Mrs. Hutchinson, relict of Timothy H. esq. of Egglestone, 79. —Mr, William Aynsley, of Crook Hall Mill, 79. riz At Stockton, Mr, George Wright.--Henry Hutchinson, sen. esq..77.—-In consequence of her clothes taking fire, Elizabeth, eldest daughter of George Hubback, esq. of Acomly near York. " a y At Norton, at the house of her son-in-Jaw Henry Stapytton, ¢esq.. Mrs. Gregory, widow of Captain G, of the royal navy. at At Monkwearmouth Shore, Mr.. Joseph Lee, agent to the, late Sir Hedworth Wil- liamson, 76. ‘ dbus At Ford, the Rev. W. Warkman, rector of that place. At Morpeth, Mr. Thomas Robson, 61. At Fatfield, Mr. George Dumble, 92, © » At Low Stubbick, near Hexham, Mr, John Middleton, 91, ; At Rase, near Alston, Mr. William Wale ton; 75. ii viog beh’? At Bighopwearmouth, Mrs. Butler, 57. \ ’ €VMBERLAND, 1811.) | €UMRERLAND AND WESTMORELAND. » ArSociety has been recently established in Carlisle for the purpose of assisting the so- ciety in London for promoting Christianity among the Jews, The number of subscribers, atone peniny per week, has become sé nu- merous, that ‘the’annual sum raised by this means will not, it is supposed, be less than from 40). to 50). . The following is the number of baptisms, burials, and marriages, in the parishes of Workington and Harrington, in the course of the year 1810: . Workington. Harrington. Baptisms - 214, | Baptisms 51 Burials 149 | Burials 32 . Marriages 66 } Marriages 14 . From the statement published by the com- mittee of the Carlisle Dispensary, it’ appears that the expences of that institution from the 5th of February 1810, ‘to the Sth of Febru- ary 1811, amount to 2471. 9s. 7d. exceeding the receipts by 11.17s. The number of pa- tients admitted during the last year was 848. Of these, 620 have been cured; 57 relieved ; 30..irregular, and-dismissed by advice; 48 have died ; and 93 remain on the books. - Married.) At Carlisle; Mr. Joseph Thomp- son, to Miss Elizabeth Barnes.—Mr: C: Hodg-" son, to Miss Catharine Fisher.—Mr. R. Boak, of the royal artillery, - to~ Miss Elizabeth | Parker, of Wigton. At Penrith, Mr. Robert Stockdale, to Miss Jane Smithi—=Captain Wm. Buchanan, R.N. to Miss Harrison, daughter of the lace Dr. H. | At Kirk Brita Isle of Man, Mr. Oliver Peckett, co Miss Ann Clark, second éaugh- ter of the late Captain C. of the royal navy. ° ' At Douglas, Isle of Mun, Mr. ‘Thomas . Garrett, to Miss Elizabeth Skillicorn, At Heversham, near Kendal, Mr. T: imothy’ Brown,. of Bury, oLaakashind, to Miss Jane Crosfield. . AtyWhitehaven, Captain’ Fraser, of’ the Ballons, to Miss: Holmes. « ied.) As. Carlisle, Elizabeth, dab ptces re Saul, solicitor, 16.—Mrs. Peascod.— Mr. Lawrence Benson, 50.—Mrs. Jane Mac- donald,. 90:—-Mrs. Sarah Renny, 97.—Mr, John Pagan, 22.—Captain William Greene well, on half-pay, 60. —Margaret, third bter of Mr. John Hornsby, 23.—Mrs. garét» “Henderson, ‘°74.-+Mr. William Creighton, surgeon; 35.—At Miss 'Gwyler’s hoatding-school, Miss Isabella’ Johnston, 13. —Mrs. Routledge. w-Jane, daughter of Mr? William “Andercony. 45\0iSarah, daughter. of “Mr. John Tweddell, 16, . At Penrith, Mrs. Elizabeth Sutton: a ee 1611] bie] “At Heckington, Mr. Daniel Pacey, 86, At Blyth, Mrs: Blakey, 104. _ At Boston, Mr. Edward Dickinson, 82. "At Wootton House, Mrs. Leadbeater, relict of Roger L. esq. of Brigg, and mother of Mrs. Uppleby, of the former place. At Bolingbroke, of «hich parish he had been. schoolmaster 73 years, Mr. Bavington, 89. ‘* Ae Grimsby, Mr. Wm. Harrison, sén.— Mrs. Mary Steward.—Miss Elizabeth Kent. At Greatford, Jobn Lloyd, esq. only son of the Rev. Mr. oa rector of Barnack, Nor- _ thamptonshire. ~ At Bourne, ‘Mrs. Hydes, sister of the late - Rev. Mr. H. 72. ' &t Brigg, Mrs. Ann Scoffin, 85. At Immingham, Mr. John Waddingham, 965; and, two days afterwards, his daughter, Mrs. Laming, 68. At,Dunholme, Mr. Dickenson, 86. LEICESTERSHIRE. Married.] At Leicester, Mr. James Yates, to Miss Sarah Robinsow.—Mr. Hill, of Up- pingham, to Miss Sarah Keiehtleys—Mr. Robert Marshall, to Miss White, only “daughter -of the late Mr. Christopher W. of Buckingham, Northamptonshire. At Somerby, Mr. Guy Cole, of Langham, Ratland,-to Miss Mary Anne Mayn. At Barrow upon Saar, Mr. Edward Stokes, of Long Clawford, to Miss Simpkin. . Died.) -At Leivester, Mr:Leeson.—Mr. T. L. Byadley.—Mr. Nutt.—Mr. Thomas Hea- ford, 31.—Mr. Charles Measures, 20.—Mr. “C, Robotham.—Mrs Cardale, 75.—Dorvthy Leicester—Rutland—Stafford— Warwick. Simpson, 95,. She has sixty sons and grand- - “sons serying his Majesty. . At Great Bowden, Mr. Wm: Gilbert, 80. _ At Sketchley, near Burbage, Richard "Spooner Jaques, esq. who, in 1792, served the oifice of high sheritt for the county. He has Jeft 1001. to the poor of each of the parishes of Burbage, Wovulvey, and Hinckley, and 2001. "to the Leicester Infirmary. At Glenfield, Mrs. Throsby. me 4t Hoton, ‘near Loughborough, Mr. John Parkinson, yo. © _ In St. Nicholas’s-street, Leicester, Eli- zabeth, relict of the late Mr. John Colt= man, 74; a woman of uncommon genius - ‘and taste, though they have been buried in private life. Ata very early age, hertalents procured her the personal acquaintance and _ friendship of Shenstone, Dodsley, and Spence. . Dodsley thoughe a landscape of hers, cut _ with a pair of scissars out of writing-paper, so extraordinary, that he caused.it to be pre- Sented to her Majesty. Spence bequeathed her all his prints; some of them, which he Aad himself collected in Italy, were very valuable, Lorn with endowments that might lave distinguished her from her sex, and qua- Jified her to shine cithier ina literary circle, ‘ or an exhibition of the works of painters, Mrs. Coltman devoted her. whole time, after her marriage, to the service of her Maker, she duties of her family, and the mitigation 189 - of distress In those around her. Itis believed by the writer of this article, who has known her intimately from ‘twenty-eight «years of age, that she never undertook any thing in which she did not succeed; or practised ‘any thing in which she did not excel. In the several relations of daughter, wife, and mo= ther, her conduct was exemplary.’ Two sons and two daughters, who inherit a gréat.por- tion of their mother’s virtues: and talents, together with their father’s, will bear wit- ness, in their ee to ) this testimony ofa friend. RUTLANDSHIRE, © Married.J At Tixover, the Hon. Tieaiiie Orde ‘Powlett, to Letitia, sister of Stafford O'brien, esq. of Blatherwick Parki Died.] ‘At Stoke, Miss Brian, Near piesbak Thomas B. esq. 13, : STAFFORDSHIRE. Married.] At Stafford, Mr. Nichot! of Southmolton, Devon, to Riise Martha Tore “nock. At Stoke upon Trent, Mr. R. C. Tomkiri- son, bookseller, of Stoke, to Miss Brown, oF Shelton. > At Rugeley, Mr.S. Fortescue, ics ee te Miss Wood. At Woolstanton, Mr. Thomas ftortiny te Miss ElizabethoTaylor, of Burslem. At Burton upon-‘Vrent, Mr. Cooper,.of the Ryle Farm, to ‘Miss «Jane Port, of Burton Extra. At Newcastle, Mr. Mrs. Charlotté Massey. Died.} At Colehurst, Mr. Michael’ Peake, Mr. Edward Eardley, many years superin- tendant of the Ape Dale colliery, near New~- castle, 61., At Stone, Mr. John Tharme, a inphdber of Captain Steedman’s troop’ of volunteez cavalry. At Newcastle: under-Lymé, in the priine ; of life, very suddenly,*Mr. G. Mycock. He had been on business*into the potteries the preceding day, and) dy’exertion in~walking had over-heated himself; on. calling atra friend’s house, he requested to have some water, and drank a Jarge tumbler full ;:in the course of the evening he complained ora pain at. the stomach,. but the following mornieg. was so well as again to walk a part of the way to the potteries, when finding the pain in- Richard Hatton, to - crease, he returned» home and died in a few hours.—Mrs. Wilkinson, 93.—Mrs. Brough- ton.—Mrs. Lowe, 81.—Myr. Joseph eae bottom, 74.—Mrs. Smallwood. At Hanley; Mrs. Yaylor. At Talk-o’th-Hill, Mr. pigs Eardley, ed the Swan inn. At Uttoxeter, Mr. John Merete, 58: At Burton-upon-Trent, Mrs. Hind. At Walton, near Eccleshall, Mrs. Yates. At Wolverhampton, Mary. fs Rowlins son, 90. J } . WARWICKSHIREL - Married. J At Birmingham, Mr. Thomas Jordan, 199 Jordan, to Miss Anne. Morgnn.—Mr. Bene jamin Barns, to Miss Hinelsiey.. At Leamington. Hastings, Mr. W. ao istt, to Miss Clark, borh of Broadwell. At Nuneaton, Mr, Hook, of Kenilworth, to Miss Wagstaff. Died:] At Rugby, Catherine, third davgh- ter-of the late Thomas. Harris, esg. At Henley in Arden, Mr. Leggett, of the White Horse inn. At Birmingham, Mrs, Elizabeth Jiteagte, 3%,— Mr. John Sadler, 7-—-Mr. J. G. Wiar- mington, attorney, and adjutant of the seeond bettalion of Birmingham volunteers.-—-Mrs. Pratt, relict. of Mr. Josiah P. Pa. —Johin Burford, esq. of Hayley.—-Mr. John Hay- weod, 71.—Mr. B. Parkes —Mrs. Jones, re- Nerof Mr. J. of Kidderminster.—Mrs. Wood, wife of Mr. Stephen W. 54. - At Coventry, Mrs. Harrison, 74. » At Pillongley, Mr. Vincent Eagle, 74; AvStatfold, Mrs. Onion, 91. - At Moseley Wake Green, Mr. Edmund Darby, of Birmingham, 57. In Cadiz Bay, on board his Majesty's ship St. Atban’s, in his 23d year, Lieutenant John ‘Darby, sonof the Iste Mr. Edmund Darby, of Cherry-street, Birmingham. His death “was vecasioned by his not giving-the coun- tersign'to a Spanish gun-boat, who mistook ‘bin foran enemy, at night, SHROPSHIRE. © Mearried.] At Shrewsbury, the Rev. Hum- phrey Sandford, of Magdalen Coliege, Cam- bridge, to Miss Holland, daughter of the late Mev. George H.—Mr. Blower, -tou Miss Hut- ton Mr, WilkiamRowlands, to Miss Davies. At Mainstone, Mr. William Starr, of the More, to Miss Humphries, of Edenhope. At» Church. ‘Stretton, Mr. Bromley, of Picklescott, to Miss'Mills, af ‘the Red Lion Jan. At Wem, Mr. Francis Lee, to Miss Dawes. Died.p At Shiffnal, Elizabeth, wife of the Rev. Latham-Hinde; vicar of that place. At Sleap Hall, ‘Charles Garland ‘Green- « Wellers, esq, | At Preston, near Kinnersley; Mrs. Ogles. » At Shrewsbury, _Mr. Williams,— Miss Mary Blower.—+-Mrs. Oakley, wife of Mr. , Richard O.—Mrs. Hughes. —Mrs. Tudor. At Ketley, Mr. Vickers. —Mrs. Hughes. At Hinstock, Mr, Bentley. At Hocktington, Mr -Edward Owen 5 and, ithe following day, his wife. " At Broseley, Mr. Marshall, manager of a company of camedians, At Oswestry, John Sheppard, esq. one -of cathe partners in the Oswestry bank, and mayor -of that town. AtColehurst, Mr. Peake, 62 At Petton, J.C. Sparling,- only son, and. ae youngest daughter, of William S. esq. At Acton Buoenell, Mrs: Grimshaw, 62. At Wellington, Mrs Robert Collier, At Knockin, Bir; Hilton. *) At Hilton, ia the parish of Worfield, aged. . ShropshineWorcester—H ereford; [March 1, 73, Thomas Smythey gent. worn ont with years, under a gentle decay of nature. ‘Till an advanced period, of life, and hig. retire me from society, he had tendered himself ighly acceptable to a selected acquaintance, by the social exercise of a liberal and benevole minod.. He had formerly been an officer et the militia for this county ; in the local mi- litia of the same county, his only soa John Groom Smythe. is now a niefor, and resides at Hilton. The period cannot be ascertained since the reign of Edward Il. when the fa: mily of Smythe had not their abode at chig place, heing regularly descended from an~ cestry of the paternal line and name, at thas early era. From this family emanated sev-~- ral others in that neighbourhood, particularly. those resident at Chesterton, where they hag considerable possessions, but are now extinct, WARCRIAT ABRs Married.] At, Worcester, ‘Joseph Manp, to Miss Young. —Mr, Tepnings. hook- seller, of London, to Miss Scandrett. Died.} At Franch, near ‘Kidderminster, Mrs. Woodward, wife of Mr. John W. At Stourbridge, Mrs. Foster, relict of Mz. Henry F. At Kidderminster, .in ‘his 69th year, Mr. Joseph Broom, formerly @ Carpet manufac- turer, but who had for many years retired from business. —Mr, John Roberts. At Worcester, Mr. James Bigg, 49.—Mrs. Lewis, wife of Mr. Jobu L. At Evesham, the Rey. Benjamin Davis, dissenting minister, and formerly _tutor to the Dissenting Academy at Carmarthen, Samuel Bingham, “ha servedas B rummer under General Wolfe, at the taking of Quebec. At Churchill, near Stourbridge, the Rev. Milward Southall, At Bevereye, near Worcester, the Rev. Treadway Nash, D.D. rector of Leigh, and the oldest magistrate for the county, This gentleman, with an industrious, and a triotic spizit, which did him infinite honours at ae eA th the laborious and ‘ex sive task himself. In 1781 he published t Be first volume of his valuable Collections | ‘or the Flistory of Worcestershire, and complet red the work with another volume the following year. Dr. Nash was also editor of a superb edition of Butler's Hudibras,’ with notes, in thee quarto volumes, published in 1793. HEREFORDSHIRE. Married.J At Ayenbury, Mr. John Walker, of Westington, to Miss Mary Smith, of the Brook-house, near. Bromyar Died.} At Russ, Mr. Evan Evans, of the Coach and Horses lian,—Mr. John hom binson. At Leominster, Mrs, Husbands, Bg —e 1811.] Monmoiith—Cloucester—Oxford—Buckinigham, Ke. gt ~ At Burton Court, Hereford, Miss Brewster, younger daughter of the late John B. esq. At Hierefurd, Mr. Benjamin Shinn, 74.— Mrs, J. Baker, 82.—Mrs. Catherine Shep- perd.—Mr. Edward Davies, 75. . At Mansell Lacy, Mr John Aabley- At Moreton Jefiries, Miss Ann Taylor, 19. At Bromyard, Mr. John James, . MONMOUTHSHIRE. » Married.) At Abergavenny, Mr. James ‘Fisher, of Werndee, to Miss Price, daughter ef Mr, P. druggist. Died} At Monmouth, Mrs: Johnson, wife of T. J. esq. one of the senior aldermen ef that town, 90. : ‘ GLOVCESTERSWIRE. The old market-house ‘in Cheltenhamy, which has teng een in astate of dilapidation, dately fell with a tremendous crash. A fe. male was enveloped in the rubbish, and had her shoulder dislocated, and was otherwise ouch bruised; a Jarge beam falling obliquely over her head, saved her life. Considering it was market-day, and the numbers passing and repassing, it seems a special providence that no other accident occurred. » During the late contest for a representative sy gasliament for this county, the number ot freeholders wha voted was? Por Sir Berkeley William Guise, bart. 3114 For the Hoa. John Dutton - — - 26338 5747 Being 46 less than were polled in the grand contest in 1776.° The whole expenditure of the two candidates will, it is supposed, fall little short of 200,G003. Married.] At Glocester, George Worral Total Counsell; esq. to Miss Trimnell, only sur- viving daughter of the late James T. esq. of Jamaica. : ; At Newent, Mr. Hollister, surgeon, to Bliza, daughter of the Rev. Mr. Beale. _ At Woodchester, Mr. George Banaster; of Tewkesbury, to Elizabeth, cldest daughter of Mr. Howard., At Tetbury, Mr. John Townsend, of Ci- fentester, to Miss. H, Bamford. _ Died.| At Ciretvcester, Robert Timbrell, sq. a deputy-liewtenant, and acting magis- trate, of this county.—-Miss Harden, sister of _Mr. H, surgeon. At Painswick, Miss Baylis, daughter of the late Benjamin B. esq. _ At Hempstead, Mr. John Bayley, 46. | (At Twining, Mr. David Griffith, 78. t Gloucester, Mr. William Potter, one ut lay clérks of the cathedral..=Mr. Brod- hd bd -. At Tewksbury, Mr, Jolins, At Quenington, the Rev. John Pettat; zector 0; that place, and a magistrate for the county. LA it ; OXFORDSHIRE. | Oxford, already one of the most beaucifu cities im the’émpite, is about to experience some very considerable improvements. A great nuhwer of indifferent houses belonging to Christ’s and Brazenose Colleges, are, ofx the early-expiration of the present leases, to be pulled down, and'the'strééts in their neigh bourhood are to be widened. Jt is also pro- posed to open a-frand avenue to Christ's Col- lege, by throwing down the nest. of dicty houses which at present obscures:its frome. A few days ago, upwards of 150 ipersens, comprising all the landlords, ahd.a grext number of other persons of the town and vici- nity of Banbury, dined ina large cask newly erected there, upwards of'seventy feet in cir- Gaumference, and eighteen feet high, contain. ing, when’ full, 46,000 gallons. - Married.) At Cassitgton, Mr: N. Pilking- ton, of Kensington, to Miss Mary Ann Thorn- ton. . At Ensham, Mr. Wheeler, to Miss Stanley. —M+r. Scragg, of Kidlington, to Sarah, second daughter of Mr. Witsdony of Twelve Acres Farm. Died} At Beaudesert, near Henley, Mrs. Mary Court, 105. At Oxford, the Rev. John Webb, formerly of Wadham College,’ 66.—+Mr. Jolin. Ward, of the Piougb inn.—Mary, daughter of the late Mr. Wells, servant of Oriel College — Mr, Dix.—Mr. Joha Haines, 63.—Mr, Wil~ liam Bailey. Mrs: Best, wife of Mr. John 3. 48,——Mrs. Collingwood, 56.— Mr. Cole, 64. —~-Mrs. Colleutt. | At Norton, Mrs. Chapman, 46. At Tetsworth, Mr. J. B; Eimonds. _( At Ensham,, Mr. Diganuel Jacvise At Thame, Mrs. Bristow. At Ford, House, near Henley, Mrs. Cooper, wife of John C. esq, banker, of Henley: | BUCKENGHAMSHIERE. fa The -new aqueduct ¢ast-iron bridge of the Grand Junction Canal, over: the river Ouse, below Stoney Stratford, .was opened January 21, with the usual ceremonies. The whole length of the iron)work is 104, feets it. is wide enough for two-beats to pass each ether, and has a towing;path of inon attached to it. The: bridge. is-firm+and tight,in evenypart, and*displays not the least.appearanee of strain from the great weight on every part. The opening of this,aqueduct, and the passage of trade over the embankment, ‘are-empected to add,5001; per-month €¢ the. revenkesof the company. : . Married. | At Stoke Goldiagy, Mr. T. Woodcock, of Pipe weil dsody 2, Northampton, to Migs Ann Hopkins. ; . At Winslew, Mr,John Clarke, of Little Horwood, to Miss Sarah Bignell. Died.) At Newport Pagnell, » William Hancock, esq. steko oh MERTPORDSHIRE. Married.] AcEssenden, Mr, Thomas Cole- mvan, of Gayton, Nerthamptonshire, to Miss Jaweod, 3 Rid J 192 Died} At Turner’s Hill, Cheshunt,’ John Kelph, esq. 78. At Bishop’s Stortford, Mrs. Wilby, wife of r. W. of Little Brian London. ; " At Tring, Thomas Duncombe, esq. NOR TIHAMPTONSHIRE,. ” Married. ] At Peterborough, Mr. Blunt, of Whittlesea, to Miss Budeeaa, At BarnWell, near Oundle, Mr. Eaton Ea- Yand, of London, to Miss Peake. Died] At Barnac, Mr. Joba Lloyd,. of Lime-street, London, merchant. At Oundle, Mr. J. Tookey.—Mrs. Susane nah Peak, 87. At Kettering, Mr. George Roughton, sure, geon, 21.—-Miss Addison, youngest daughter of Major A.—Mr Wm. Willis, At Pitsford, Frances Lucy, second daugh- ter of Edward Bull, esq.—Judith, wife of the Rey. T. H. Bullen, rector of Kennet, near, Newmarket, and.lately master of the gram- mar school at Oundle. . At Eydon Lodge, Mrs. Annesley, wife of the Rev. Francis A. At Kenilworth, Mrs. C. Thompson. At Ravensthorpe, Mr John Howes.—Mr. Robert Green. At Northampton, Mr. Richard Bosworth. —Mr. Young.—Mr. Greenovgh, of the Bear Inn.—-Mrs. Thornton, relict of Thomas Lee 'T. esq. late of Brocichall, in this county, 66, —Mrs. Green.—Quarter-master Lettington, of the 3d Dragoon Guards, in which he bad served above 30 years. At Pytchley, Mr. Wm, Markham, 76. +) HUNTINGDONSHIRE. Married.) At St. lves,-Mr. Albine Cook, to Miss Hunt. —. At Glatton, Mr. ‘Thomas ha i of Sawtry, to Miss Bletsoe. John Fowler, esq. of King’s Ripton, to Miss Swannell, daughter, of William S. esq. of Filgrove, Bucks. Died.) At Huntingdon, Mrs. Hurst, wife of Thomas H. esq.—inher 26th years fane, the widow of William Bell, esq. of Belfield- house, Essex. Vhe circumstances: attending the death of this lady are. truly metancholys Her five children, (the eldest but seven years of age) were recovering froma scarlet fever; and as Mrs. Bell was going with her family to her father’s residence in’ Essex, it was thought advisable that she should proceed to Huntingdon; to avoid the. fever, and wait there till the children should follow ina tew days; when perfectly recovéred ; it was found, that, during her attention te the infants, she had received the infection, and her friends reached Huntingdon, only in time to teceive her last breath. At Conington-lane, near Stilton, Mr. Bran- gon, of the Woolpack Inn. At Stibbington,: Mr, Stredder, of Pothing- ham, to Miss Bonfield, _° SAMBRIDGESHIRE, Married.) ] At Chesterton, James Elmslie, * -Northampton—Huntingdon—Cambridge, Kc. [ Merch ds esq. of London, to Migs Calder, daughter of James C. esq: of Aberdeen, At Leverington, W. Elston, esq. of Wise ech, to Mrs. Swaine, relict of Walter s. e5q4 of Walpole, Norfolk. ~~ Died.] At Thorney, Mr. Sisson. : At Saffron Walden, Jane, wife of Thomas Hall, esq. and only daughter of the Rev. Dr. Gretton, master of Magdalen:College, Cam- > bridge. At Chatteris, John W. esq. At Cambridge, Mrs; Dawseay 60.—Mrsé Kimpton.—Mrs, Mary Hobson, i ante Jolin Coverly, 88. NORFOLK. ; - Married.) At Harleston, Mr. Strowger, surgeon, to Mrs. Freshfield. At Yarmouth, Mr. Stephen Gdgie to Miss Sewell. At Lynn, Mr. Watts, to Mrs. Leaford. T. Forster, esq. of Roydon Hall, to Sarah, eldest daughter of J Holland, esq. of Rising Lodge. Died.) At Tacolnestone, Mrs. Brown, wife of J. B. esq. At Tibenham, Michael Bavertey} esq. “The Rev. Eli Morgan Price, D.D. of Ormesby, vicar of Runham and Griston;\i in this county. : At Yarmouth, in his 50th year, John Walter, esq. chief agent of the victualling office —John, son of Mr. John Kent.—Mr, Joseph Birt, 72.—Mrs. Beart, relict of Mr. Charles B. of Gorleston. At East Dereham, Mrs. Vincent, 64." At Saham Joney, in‘consequence uf a falk from his horse, C. ‘Hunt, ’esq. At Aylsham, Mrs. Ellis, post-mistress, 55. At Cromer, Mrs. Stevensen. At Loddon, Christian Newstead, in her Mrs. Ween wife of a 100th years" : : At Methwold, Miss Cock, daughter of Mr, Abraham C. 20. ’ tes At Alby Aill, Mr. Francis Holland. : At Boughton, Elizabeth wife of Mr. Ro. bert Land, 75. At Wacton, J. Clarke, esq. At East Ruston, Mrs. Ann Postle, 77. At Norwich, Mrs. Martha Holloway, relict of Mr. John HitJobn Cobitc, geat.—Mr. Lancelot Atkinson, 49.—-Mary, wife of Mr¢ Richard Watson, veteringry surgedn, 39.—< Robert, eldest son of Mr. R. Hawkes.—Mr, W. Bessy, of the Wounded Hart Inn.—Mrs. Lawter, wile of Mr. L. under-chamberlain of this city.—-Henryy son of Captain Cockburn, of the Royal Artillery.—Mr. Thomas Scott. SUFFOLK. : ~ Married:] At Melton, Mr. W. Haken, t Miss Gooding. ‘ Mr. James» Ashwell,” surgeon, of wioiak. ta Miss Cuddon, daughter of Mr. CG. of Beccles. “ 1O19e'% At Bury, Mr. Puoias to Miss ‘Smitheoa Mr. David Mann; to’Miss Devereux. — At Melford, where he-had wana - only, 1811.] only a month, John Peacock, esq. lately an eminent flour-factor of London,—Mr. Gal- Viatd, farmerly an eminent dancing-master in London, where he accumulated considerable property. Mrs. Tweed, wife of the Rev. Joseph T. rector of Capel St. Mary. At Clifton, Catherine, fourth daughter of the Rev. Francis Capper, rector of Earl Soham. At Hadleigh, Mrs. Chinery, wife of Mr. Abraham C.—Mr. Bnoch Mills, 40. At Icklingham, John Gwilt, esq. 84. At Sudbury, Mrs. Barker, wife of Mr. Teept B. At Bury, ia consequence of her clothes taking fire, Mrs. Facey. At Hoxne, Mrs. Pearl. Ac Ufford, Mr. Daniel Manthorp, 62. At Wingfield, Mrs. Cotton, 90. At Needham Market, Stephenson Kitching, esq. pA Tpswich, Mrs. Bransby, wife of Mr. B. bookseller.—-Mr. Barnabas Gibson, 39.—= Mrs. Clubbe, At Cranley Hall, T, French, esq. one of the bailiffs of Eye, 57. At Rougham Place, Mrs. Pogson, relict of John P. esq. 48. At Whepstead, Catherine, wife of Mr. John Thacker, 63. At Witnesham,, Mrs. Jane Page, a respec- table school mistress there near 40 years, 87. At Old Newton, James Selburn, gent. 53. At Wickham Market, Mr. J. Woodard, of the White Hart Inn. Jolin Dade, esq. formerly-major inthe West Suffolk militia, 84. At Ixworth, Mrs. Charles D. surgeon, 70. ESSEX. Married.) At Great Saling, Bartlet Good- rich, esq. nephew of B. Goodrich, esq. of Salipg Grove, to his daughigr Miss G. At Great Berstead, Thonias Spitty, esq. to Miss Jenrier, daughter of the Rev. Dr. J. of Billericay. F At Chelmsford, Mr. Isaac Abraham Bel- cham, to Miss Wright. Died.) ‘At Quendon Hall, Henry Cranmer, esq. 80. i Tae Great Wakering, Mr. John Smith, 64. At Rivenhall, Mrs. Nunn, wife of Mr. Jo- N. 71. At Boreham, Mr. Wm. Seabrook. - At Saffron Walden, Isaac Gardiner, esq. (87. ; Day, rélict of Mr. At Wickham Sr. Nice. At Chelmsford, Mrs. Elizabeth ‘Hanley, 78. ; . At Maldon, William Waltham, esq, one of the justices of the peace, and deputy lieu-~ tenants for this county, 75. At Harwich, Charles, second son of N. A. _ Jaggers, esq. of the Essex militiameMr. John Arsh, of Ri Duke’s Head Inn. “Montrury Mas. No, 219. Paul’s, Mr. .Thomas Essex—K ent—Surry. 193 At Colchester, Mr. Seabrook,-of the Horse and Groom Inn. KENT. From the Annual Report of the Kent and Canterbury hospital, it appears, that the num- ber of in and out-patients admitted to the be- nefit of that institution, between the 31st of December, 1809, and the 3ist of December, 1810, was 815, of whom 308 have been dis- charged cured. The number of the former at present in the house, is 38; and of the lat- ter on the books, 108. Amongst the casualties of the late bluster- ing weather, the principal part of the quay, erected for the preservation of the houses on the Stade, at Folkstone, has been washed away, and several houses ate consequenily alarmingly exposed to the fury of the sca. Married.| At Lamberburst, Sir ©. Far- maby, bart. to Miss Eliza Morland, youngest daughter of the late Thomas M, esq. of Court Lodge. At Sandwich, Thomas Gorton, esq. of the Royal Navy, to Miss Omer, only daughter of Mr. Andrew QO. At Hoo, near Rochester, Thomas Cheveny esq. to Mrs. Sands, widow of Mr. Thomas S$, At Minster in. Sheppy, the Rev. J. Qs- borne Stokes, of Wellescot House, Worces- tershire, to Wlizabeth, eldest daughter of the late Mr. W. Brett, of Minster Abbey. : At Wickham, Mr. Charles Matson, to Miss Kingsford, daughter of the lute William K. esq. Died.] At Walmer, Sir Henry “Harveys K.B. admiral.of the White,'73. At Leigh, the Rey. John Southern, vicar of that parish. At Canterbury, Miss O. Appleyard. —Mr. John Smith.—Mr. Piddock, 50.—Mrs. Mar- garet Hall, 88.—Bennet, fourth dagghter of Mr. John Robinson. At Dover, Mrs. Bullock.--Mrs. Ham- mond, widow of ‘Thomas H; esq.—Mrs. Sheps man, 78. At Whitstable, Mr. Thomas Blackman. _ At Tenterden, Mr. John Breden, late 2 bookseller there, 75: At Maidstone, Mrs. Moore, wife of Mr, Wm. M.—Mr. Robert Heathorne. At Harrietsham, Mr. Knizhe. At Sarr, Mrs. Mary Richards, of the Cloirg Inn. _ At Lympre, Mr. John Cowell, 62. At Ashfore, Mir. foln Past, 55, At Deal, Mr. G. Rus-el, 58. . At Tonfors Place, Wm. Willes, esq: At Folkstone, Mr. Richard Wood; 82. At Brompton, Mr. Joseph Kearsley; 80. ° At Bitsons, General Sit Wm. Green,. bart. 83. uhh At» Ramsgate, in. consequence of her ‘clothes taking fire, Mrs. Bax, relict of Mr, Stephen B. 93. * SURRY. Marricd.| George li Fox, esq. of Fal- 2B mouth, 194 mouth, to Lucy, third daughter of Robert Barclay, esq. of Berry Hill. * . Died.) At Upper Tooting, Alexander Bro- Gie, esg. of Carey street, London, 77. At Chertsey, Mrs. Sarah Love, ‘aged 83, mother of Cept. Love, of his Majesty’s ship Tisiphone, relict of Mr. Thomas Love, who was the last surviving officer wounded in Lord Rodney’s glorious victory of the 12th of April, 1782, and great auntto Mrs Croker, wife of the Secretary to the Admiralty. SUSSEX. The pinnacle at Beachy Head, called the Chorles’s or Cauries, which has been for many years the terror and wonder of the nume- rous visitors at Hast Bourne, lately fell down; but, as the fall took place in the night, no da- mage was done, Its ancient inhabitants, the foxes, being on their prowl, suffered no other injury than the loss of their habitations. The chalk that fell is computed at more than a million of waggon loads. By the Report made at the late quarterly meeting of the subscribers to the Lancastrian school at Lewes, it appeared, that the sub- scriptions amounted to the sum of 266 gui- neas; that 190 boys and 148 girls are at pre» sent under instruction; that the master and mistress continue to act well in their respec- tive situations; and that the children have improved in a degree surpassing the most san- guine expectation of the directors. Married | At East Grinstead, Lieut. Tur- ner, of the Leicester mi'tia, son of F. Tur- ner, esq. chief magistrate of Grantham, to Miss Eliza Jefferies of Pixton House.—-Mr. Thomas Huggett, to Miss H. C. Morphew. At Lewes, Mr. J. Lawson, of London, to Miss Lucy Ann Spencer.—Mr. Puckie, to Miss Diggens. At Etchingham, the Rev. John Lukin, rector of Nursling, Hants, and youngest son of the Dean of Wells, to Miss Genner, of Effingham. At. Brighton,, Mr. Sparkes, to Miss Thompson.—Mr. French, of Bexhill, to Mrs. Colchin, of the Star and Garter Inn. Died.} At Chichester, Mr, Daniel West, 51. At Harting, whilst on a tour with her fa. mily, universaily regretted by a iarge circle of relations and acquaintances, Eliza, the wife of Joseph Cockfield, esq of Upton, Essex, and eldest daughter of the late Henry Gurney, esq. banker of Norwich. At Peasmarsh, Miss Mascall, daughter of Robert M, esq. At Brighton, Leigh Douglas, youngest son of Aretus Aliers, esq. At Lyminster, Mr. Thomas Duke, 63. At Friston, near Seaford, Mrs. Alfrey, relict of George A. esq. At West Burton, Mrs. Bishop, 77. At Arundel, Guilliam, esq. 90.—J. Holmes, esq. one of the alderman of this borough. At Lewes, Mr. Brown, who many years hunted with great ability the subscription Susser— Hampshire—Wiltshire. [March 1, harriers kept in that tewn by the name of the Brookside Pack, 83.—Mrs. Baseby.— Mr. Wm. Whetland.—Mrs. Jones, 75.—Mr, Sone. At Battle Abbey, Lady Webster, relict of Sir Whistler W. bart. 80. Her ladyship dy- ing without issue, the Battle Abbey estate devolves-to Sir Godfrey W. grand-nephew to Sir Whistler. HAMPSHIRE. ' Married.] At Southampton, Mr. Silk, schoolmaster, to Mrs. Elizabeth Moody.— Mr. Hodgkinson, to Miss Evamy. ~ At Whippingham, Isle of Wight, Mr, Henry. Bowen, surgeon, of West Cowes, to Mrs. Blankenhagen, of Blackheath. At Andover, Mr. Giles, surgeon, to Miss May. At Old Alresford, Mr. Jesset, to Miss Towler, of New Alresford. The Rey. David Williams, second master of Winchester College, to Amelia, daughter of the late Rev. Wm. Goddard, of Stargroves. Died.] At the College, near Winchester, of which he was a fellow, the’ Rev. John Pen- rose Cumming, L.L.B. rector of Little Prad- ford, and vicar of Sydling, in Dorsetshire. He was admitted fellow of New College, Ox- ford, in 1770; and elected fellow of Win- chester College in 1800 _ At Southampton, Mrs. R, Jewell, of the Crown Inn, 64.—Ezekiel, son of Major Moussage.—Mr. Thomas Gleed. é At Martyr Worthy, the Rev. J. Sharland, 35 years resident rector of that parish, 72. At Winchester, Mr. John Kernot, 47.— Mrs. Maun, widow of Mr. M. of the Bell Inn.—Mr. Wm. Bowden.—James Dewell, sq. At Whitchurch, Mr. Thomas Wins- comb, 76. . At Haslar Hospital, Lieut. Gidney, of the Royal Marines, of H. M. S. Galatea. At Portsmout#, Mrs. Nasb.—Mr. Ben- jamin Gillam, 87.—Mr. John Kidd.—Mr. Clarke pte WILTSHIRE. Married.) At Warminster, Mr. R. Gaise ford, to Miss Jones. At Marksbury, Capt. Huson, of the Royal Irish regiment of foot, to Miss Baker, eldest daugliter of the Rev. Dr. B. rector of Marks~ bury, and prebendary of Wells. At Salisbury, Mr. Towzey, of Idmiston, to Miss Matcham, eldest daughter of Mr. M. of the Three Swans Inn. _ Died,] At Heytesbury, Wm. Cunnington, esq. F.A.S. highly eminent as an antiquary and min¢ralogist. At Beaches Barn, Mr. W. Herne, brother of Daniel H. esq. of Little Amesbury, 82. At Wilton, Mrs. Yeats. At Salisbury, Jane, wife of Wm. Hussey, esq.—Mr. Wingfield Hillman, 72.—Thomas Safe, esq. 87. At Steeple Langford, Mr. Thos. Swayne. At West Harnham, Rebecca, youngest davghter of Mr. Solomon Sweetapple, 26. a ; t arr 1811]. At Downton, Mr, James Burden, master of the King’s Arms Inn. BERXSHIRE, Married. At Speen, near Newbury, John Cook, esq. of Tetbury, Glocestershire, to Isabelia, youngest. daughter of the late T. Hatts, esq. At Reading, Mr. Joseph Powell, of Exeter, to Louisa, daughter of the late Henry Cost, esq. of London, At Egham, G. D. Shelmondine, esq. to Miss J. Boulding. Died.] At Windsor, Mys. Gorton, wife of Wm. G. esq. 53.—Mrs. Chapman, wife of Dr, C. At Cumner, Mrs. Hatt. At Kingston, Mr. Badcock. At Abingdon, Mr. W. Barney, one of the members of the common counsil of Oxford. »At'/Hall Place, Lady East, wife of Sir Wm, Ey bart. At Farringdon, T. Mattingly, esq. Pe SOMERSETSNIRE. “Married.] At Langport, Lieut. N. Browne, of the 45th feot to Miss Anné Pritchard. At Dulverton, Charles Carpenter, esq: of Moditonhams, to Ann, eldest daughterof the Rev. fohn Norais. At Bristol, Mr. Richard Biggs, son of the Rev. Mr. B. of Devizes, to’ Margaret, second daughter of Mr. James Williams.—John Darby, esq. of Hampstead, to Mrs. Matthews, widow’ of Mr. Jamés M:-—Mr. John Brookes layer, to Sarah, youngest daughter of the _ date Henry Hayman, esq. of Halstock, Dorset. At Bath, Capt. J. M. Gordon, R.N. to Mrs. Charlton, daughter of the Rev. Arch- deacon Caulfield.— Wa. Vaughan, esq. of Combe Grove, to Miss Golding, only daugh- ter of Benjamin G, esq. of Priston.—T. Trick, esq. paymaster of the first veteran bat- talion, to Rachael, daughter of John Taylor, esq. _ At Congresbury, John Bowle, esq. of Puxs ton, to Grace, second daugliter of the late Jehn Harvey, esq. of Heath Cottage. | Died] At Bath, Wm. Crowder, esq. for- merly of Wakefield, Yorkshire.—-Mr. Ro- binson, wife of Admiral R. 63.—Frederic Augustus, fourth son of Sir Robert ‘Wilmot, ‘bart.—Mrs, Mansel, relict of Capt. Wm. M. of Swansea,—Mrs. Stead.—Mrs. Anne Mor- ny 84.—Mrs. Sedgley, relict of S. S. esq. + 94.—Mrs. Elliotc.—Mrs. Carpenter, 66.— ‘ fs. Deare, 81. % At Bristol, Samuel Fripp, esq.—Mary Ann, wife of Charles Pope, esq. and eldest _ daughter of George King, esq.—Mr. John 4 unt, second warehouse-keeper of the excise of this port.—John Adamson, esq. At Clifton, Mrs. Culliford, relict of Thos. Y. esq. At Wells, Miss Susannah Burge. At Bridgewater, Elizabeth West, daughter of Mr. C. C. Mines. He: = At South Petherton, Jotin Prowse, esq. brett) Berk:s—Somerset—Dorset— Devon. 195 At Buckland Denham, Mrs. Susannah Brownjohn, 94. : At Shirchampton, at Miss Garsed’s, Mrs. Dorothy Wilkinson, 95; and, three days afterwards, Miss Garsed, 56. At Innox Hill, near Frome, John Vin- cent, esq. many years an eminent surgeon of that place. At Okehampton House, Lacy Yea, esq. » At Frome, H. Sheppard, esq. DORSETSHIRE. Married.] At Dorchestcr, Capt. C. F. Payne, R.N, to Miss E. Bryer. Mr. T. Norice, of the Flying Horse Inn, Shaftesbury, to Miss Heasell, eldest daugh~ ter of Mr. H. of Bower-Chalk. At Yetminster, Mr. Bartlett, of East Chin- nock, to Ann, only child of Mr. Ellis Dawe. At Blandford, Henry White Parsons, esq. to Catharine, daughter of John Tregonwell King, esq. DEVONSHIRE. Married | At Northam, Francis Stanfel, eeq. captuin in’ the Royal Navy, to Elizabeth, second daughter of Robert Preston, esq. of Burrough House, Devon, and captain of H. M.S. York. . At Stonehouse, Lieut. John Francis Know- ling Julian, esq. R.N. to Miss Hanchect, sis- ter of Captain H. R.N. At Plymouth, Rowland Mainwaring, esq. to Sophia Henrietta, only child of the late Major Duff, 26th regiment, and daughter-in- law of Capt. Tobin, H.M.S. Princess Char- lotte.—»Lieut. Pullen, R.N. to Miss Haswell. —Mr. Morris, to Miss Devt, daughter of Capt. D. ; At Totnes, George Farwell, esq. to Miss Bent.—Mr. Andrew Langman, to Miss Elizabeth Newcombe. At Ideford, the Rev. Joseph Domett, of Bovey, to Laura, third daughter of the Rev. John Bradford. At Kenn, John Greathed Harris, esq. to Maria, only daughter of Henry Ley, esq. of Trehill. ; At Marksbury, the Rev. W. 8B. Barter, rector of Timbsbury, and prebendary of Wells, to Miss Webb, only daughter of the late James W. esq. of Plympton. At Collumpton, J. B. Karslake, esq. of Southmolton; to Mrs. Bere, relict of the late M. B. B. Bere, esq. and youngest daughter of Mr. Lee, late of Bardon, Somerset, Died.| At Colyton, fat the house of the Rey. Mr. Barnes, where she was on a visit, Miss Elizabeth Schimmel penning, of Bristol - At Exeter, Mrs. Lea, wife of’ Capt. L. R.N.—Mr. Robert Lane.—-Edward Blagdor, esq.—-Miss F. Goss, 18. ' At Burn Cot, near Plympton, T. Eales, esq. 50. , At Newton Abbot, Thomas Bubb; esq. lieutenant colonel of the Hayton'regiment of volunteer infantry, 56. _ At Plymouth, Mr. John Wills.Mr, An drew Lehiff, 19. Mis, Squire, . Tir gig iat 196 Cornwall—Wales—North Britam—Death Abroad. [March 7, At Woodland, near Plymouth, aged 76, the Rev. Francis Luce, vicar of Harpford and Fenn Ottery. At Torquay, aged 19, Mary Jane, davgh- ter of Robert Mascall, esq. of Ashford, Kent. At Totnes, Mr. James Murch. At, Exmoath, Wm. Carson, esq. late of South Carolina, 74. At Marhamchurch, Thomas, second son of the Rev. John Kingdon. CORNWALL. The failure of the pilchard fishery of the Jast season, has been compensated in some degree, on the southern ceast of Cornwall, by the extraordinary shoals of herrings that have visited it. In Helford Harbour alone, the quantity caught since August Yast, and sold fresh, or salted down, is Jittle short of 2000 hogsheads, or 5000 bar- rels; worth about 42s.a barrel. Considerable quantities have also been caught’on other parts of the coast. The Yarmouth merchants who have come down to purchase them, de- ‘thre, that their coasts have been deserted this season by the herrings, in the same manner that Cornwall was deprived of its pilchards. The projected improvements iii St. Ives Bay, if carried into execution on a grand scale, will be of infinite advantage to the commerce of tha place, and of the nation at large. It is in contemplation to carry out 2 break-water from the point of the peninsula in an eastern direction; and by so far will the capacity and security ef the harbour be increased. The yalue of this improvement will be infinitely enhanced, by the general want of good har- bours on the north coast, and the immense losses sustained there by the shippiig interest, in consequence. . Marricd.] At St. Mary’s, Scilly, the Rev. Wm. Tremayne, to Miss Richards. At Launceston, J. Templar, esq. of Brid- port, to Miss Lethbridge, daughter of Chris- topher L. esq. At Falmouth, Mr. Solomon Ezekiel, to Miss Hannah Jacobs. . Died.} At Penzance, Capt. Cuthbert Baines, 67.—Mrs. Treeweeke.—-Mrs, Pope, 90.—Mr. Gibson Gnishonite, 70.— Mrs. Robyns, relict of Thomas R. esq. of Tre- neere, 63. At Trenure. House, Penzance, Mrs. Ro- bins, relict of Thomas R. esq. At Marazion, Thomas Coleman, esq. 86. At Truro, Lieut. Jenney, R.N. son of Mr. J. attorney.—Mr. Jonathan Hodge, 78. At Lewanick, near Launceston, the Rev. Mr. Mangles. At Launceston, Mrs. Bounsell, At Newlyn, near Truro, Mr. William Hoblyn. At Falmouth, Mr. Harry, of the Ship Ina. e-Mr. Robert Snell, 57.—fames, the infant son of Mr. James Ball, attorney. At Gorran, Mrs. Jane Oliver, 74. fx St, Columb, Miss Nancy Drew. At Liskeard, Benjamin Martin, 85. seit,» At Trenarron, near St. Austell, Mrs. Prise cilla Webb, 75. At St. Ives, Mr. Jonn Couch, of the George and Dragon Inn. 4 ‘ At Helston, Mrs. Roberts. WALES. . Married.) At Riuabon, Thomas Chol- mondeley, of Vale Royal, esq. M.P. for the county of Chester, to Henrietta Elizabeth, youngest daughter of the Tate-and sister to the present Sir Watkin Williams Wynne, of Wynstay, bart. M.P. ‘Died.| At Brecon,: Robert Williams, esq. solicitor, and many years town-clerk of Brecon. : At Tenby, Mrs. Jane Bevan, 408, She was a natéve of Scotland, where her daughter is now living at the age of near 90. . Robert Edwards, well known by travellers as the guide from Dolgelly to Cader Idris tilt within a few years, 90. : NORTH BRITAIN. WMarried.| At Edinburgh, Nicholas Chartes Pitt, esq. fron the island of Madeira, to Mary, second daughter of Captain Baugh. William Caldwell, esq. late of Calcutta, te Miss Margaret Hunter, third daughter of Mr. Hugh H. supervisor of excise, Cupar Fife. Captain William Sword, Leith, to Ursula, eldest daughter of John Bayne, esq. mer- chant, Oban. Disd.} At Dumfries, Robert Jackson, esq. provost cf Dumfries, 67. Repeatedly called to fill the office of chief magistrate, he-uni- formly discharged its important duties with advantage to the public, and credit to himself. Charitable and humane, he patiently listened to the complaints of the peor, and was ever anxious to do them good. Honest and up- right, modest and unassuming in his manners, he acquired the esteem of his fellow-citizens, and died without reproach, universally be- loved and respected. At St. Andrew's, in the 78th year of his age, James Flint, M.D. F.R.S. Chandos pro- ’ fessor of medicine in the University of St. Andrew’s, and honorary fellow of the Royal College of Physicians, Edinburgh. At Maffat, aged 28, John Findlay, esq. of Glasgow. His poetical talents, and classical and antiquarian erudition, were highly esteemed by the most distinguished literary characters. A volume of poems, entitled Wallace, or the Vale of Ellerslie, and illus- trations of ancient, historical, and roniantic, ballads, in two volumes, are his avowéd pub- lications. 4 At Kingussie, Badenoch, Colonel Duncan Macpherson, of Bleaton, in the 75th year of his age. His only son arrived from Portugal only a few days previous to his death, and had the melancholy satisfaction of paying the last sad duty to his revered parent. DEATH ABROAD. - At Abrantes, in Portugal, Brig.-gen. Jamete Cattin Craufurd. At the 2ge of sixteen he entered * » 1811.J entered into thearmy, and immediately joined his regiment in Upper Canada; and, from that time to the hour of his death, devoting him- self entirely to his profession, he rarely, and but for the shortest periods, and on the most justifiable occasions, ‘solicited leave to be alb~ sent from the stations in which his duty had fixed him. In the course of his'service he had followed the regiments to which he had been successively appointed, to America, to Cor- Sica, on board the fleet in the Mediterranean, to the Cape of Good Hope, where he was aid- de-camp to the Earl of Macartney, then governor there; to the North of Germany, and, lastly, to Spain and Portugal. When his regiment, the 91st, of which he had long been Lieut.-colonel, went to Portugal to serve in the ariny, under the orders of Sir Arthur Wellesley, now Viscount Welling- ton, the Duke of York, then Commander in Chief, was graciously pleased to recommend to his Majesty to raise him from the rank of Colonel to that of Brigadier-general ; and in that situation, of which he proved himself not unworthy, he was present at the battle of Vimeira; preceeding thence into Spain, his brigade formed part of that division, which, under the orders of Lieut.-gea. Sir John Hope, successfully accomplished its arduous march -to join Lieut.-gen. Sir John Moore: he shared in the fatigue and dangers of the retreat, and in the glory of the battle of Corunna; apd twice received the thanks of parliament. On his return to England he was placed on the Monthly Comniercial Report. 197 staff in the eastern district; and, on his ap« plication to be employed on foreign servicey was sent by the present Commander in Chiefy a second time, to Portugal. His brigade be- ing attached to the division under Gen. Hill, he was constantly employed on the most active and anxious service ; and, although his health had suffered repeatedly and greatly from fatigue, and from the disorders incident to the climate of Estremaduva, which has proved so fatal to many of our troops, he could not be induced to quit his brigade during the continuance of the campaign, and on the eve ofa battle.To this military feeling, to this strong sense of duty, to this soldier-like de- termination, he fell a sacrifice ; and so closed his short, but honourable, career, not having yet completed his 35th year: thus are blasted the well-grounded hopes and expectations of his family and of his friends! He had given in difficult situations the fairest promise of talents as an officer; he was beloved by all those with whom he served; his zeal was ardent and continued, his humanity conspi- cuous. Lhe whole tenour of his private life was most meritorious ; his character discreet, sincere, and manly; his heart grateful and affectionate; an excellent husband to a most deserving wife, an anxious father, an atten- tive son, a.faithful friend. In all these reia- tions his loss is deeply felt; and it may with=- out exaggeration be said, that, in his pre- mature death, bis country tvo has something to regret. ee secre scree aera eee nr eens MONTHLY COMMERCIAL REPO RT. BRITISH Trapve AnD ManuractureEs.—In our Report in last December Magazine, p- 436, we gave a numerical list of the bankruptcies in each month of December, for Six successive years, viz. in December 1804, 60 Ditto 1805, 87 Ditto 1806, 65 Ditto 1807, 97 _ Ditto 1808, 100 Ditto 1809, 130 Ditto 1810, 273 7 Since which period there has been no Jess than 271 bankrupts in January, and 212 in Fee broary, 1811, From this statement, (exclusive of compositions, moderately calculated at 2000 each month,) we may state our commerce to be ina most deplorable way. Vast im- — ports of East and West India produce in the market, and no export’for them to any part of the world, at present the home consumption being the only mode of getting rid of them. In Glasgow and Manchester the failures have increased to an alarming degree, and it is im- possible to describe the distress of the poor manufacturers of both sexés, in these two populous towns. At Birmingham their condition is little better, and trade at acomplete stand. The manufacture of paper currency in this country has wonderfully increased, as will appear from the following accurate statement, viz. In December 1310 ‘ Country bankers in England who issue their own notes 613 Ditto in Wales wees e .'2's AV ye ee ti 25, , Ditto in Scotland, including branches of banks ..-. 83 Ditto in London and Westminster ....-.....-.- 66 Ditto in Ireland ...... SUL aUEG FUP ee velo) BS Ditto Isle of Man 1, Guernsey 3, and Jersey 2 2... 6 er} Total —878 _ Exclusive of the Bank of England and Bank of Ireland, Os 138. Monthly Commercial Report. [March 1,. On the subject-of bullion and the paper currency of this country, in evidence adduced be~ fore the. committee of the House of Commons, the following is the statement laid before them by the chief cashier of the Bank of England, viz. Notes of the Bank of England in Circulation, including Bank Post Bills. sl. upwards. under She 1798 February 1 11,855,450 1,541,910 1799 ditto 12,066,310 1,680,010 180L average year 13,444,367 2,715,182 1802 ditto 13,917,977 3,136,477 1808 May 1 13,429,640 4,062,260: 1809 February 1 13,296,860 4,333,200 An Ascourt of all the Dollars issued by the Bank of England, to February 8, 1810+ Dollars stamped in 1797, and issued, 2,325,099 Dittoin ........ 1804, and issued, 1,419,484 Dittoin .... 2... 1809 and 1810 1,073,051 Total dollars 4,817,634 H. Hast, Chief Cashier- is February 9, 1810. ‘The following statement of the foreign exchanges, &c. taken from Lloyd's List, of August 20, 1807, and that of February 15th, 1811, willat once shew the decrease of ous export to all parts of the world: Abgust 20,1807. | February 15, 1811. Amsterdam 56 3 29 Ditto atsight 35. 8 28. 2 Rotterdam. AL. 7 8.10 Hamburgh 34. 8 25 Altona 54. 9 25.1 Paris 94. 8 17.16 Ditto2'Us. - 24.12 18 Bourdeaux 24 12 18 Cadiz 38- 3 48 Bilboa 38. Leghorn 50 58 Naples 42 42 Genoa 45. } 54 Venice 52 52 Lisbon 64. 67 ‘ Oporto 64. 68 re ais Dublin 10. i 9. 3 . : Cork 11. 2 40° ; BULLION. Portugal gold, per oz. 41, Os. Od. 4).13s. Od. New dollars, ditto oe ets 5 iok Sil ver in bars, ditto ae G 5 114 Agio of the Bank of Helland 5% ‘per cent, 4 per cent. FRANCE.—The burning decree of Bonaparte is still executed with the greatest rigour, and large quantities of British manufactured’ goods have been destroyed in the public market- plates:at Bourdeaux, Antworp, Marseilles, &c. &c. and, in order to prevent any kind of com- merce with this country, it has lately been decreed, That any person drawing, endorsing, or accepting, bills on or from this country, shall be imprisoned for ten years, and their property confiscated. Notwithstanding, he allows the export of brandies, fruit, wine, &c. to Great Britain. . SpPaIn AND. PerruGaL.—All commerce with these countries has ceased, except the export of Spanish dollars to Lisbon, which sell there from 5s. 6d. to 5s. 10d. each, and are the best remittances our merchants can make thither. j _ West Invigs.—A large fleet of merchantmen have lately departed for the islands, and a convoy for a second fleet is appointed by the Lords of Admiralty, to rendezvous at Cove of Cork, about the 15th of March. ‘The produce of the islands comes to a very indifferent mar- ket, both at London and Liverpool, and. the present prices of produce are as follows: Jamaica sugar 67s. middling 70s.-and fine 78s. to 80s. per cwt.; Jamaica rum 4s. 6d. to 7s. 10d. per gallon ; Leeward ‘Island ditto 3s. 104. to 4s. 6d. per ditto; Cotton is. id. to 1s. td. per Ib. 5 Coffee, prices nominal; Legwood 161. to 171. per ton. SoutH AMERICA.—By the. last packet from the Brazils, some considerable remittances in dollars-have been received by our merchants, but no encouragement is given to speculations to that country, the markets being overstocked with all kinds of British manufactures. Current Prices of Shares in Navigable Canals, Docks, Bridges, Roads, Water Works, and Fire and Life Jasurance Companiss, ag the Office of Messrs, Wolfe and Co. No. 9, by sieg ey 1911.] Monthly Agricultural and Nuturalist’s Reports. 199 Alley, Cornhill, 22d February, 1811.—Grand Junction Canal, 272i. per share.—Grand Surry ditto, 961. ditto.—Leeds and Liverpool ditto, 1831, ditto. —Lancaster ditto, 271. ditto —« Eeicestershire and Northamptonshire Union ditto, 1221. ditco.—Wilts and Berks ditto, 451. ditto.—Kennet and Avon ditto, 421, 10s. ditto.—-Thames and Medway ditto, 471. per share emium.—Huddersfield ditto, 311. per share.—Roehdale ditto, 531. ditto.--Croydon ditto, 391. ditto.—London Dock Stock, 1281. per cent.—-Ditto Scrip, 252 per cent. premium —~ West India Dock Stock, 1671. ditto. —East India ditto, 1991. ditto.—Commercial Dock, with the new share attached, 1651. per share. —East Country Dock, $51. ditto.—Commercial Road, 1361. per cent.—East London Water Share, 1891. per siiare.—-West Middlesex ditto, 1131. ditto.—Kent ditto, 301. per share premium.—-Grand Junction ditto, 131. ditto.—Globe Ing, surance Office, 1201. per share,-—Imperial ditto, 761.—Albion ditto, 571. ditto. The average prices of Navigable Canal Property, Dock Stock, Fire-office Shares, &c. in February, 1811, (to the 21st) at the Office of Mr. Scott, 28, New Bridge-street, London. Trent and Mersey, or Grand Trunk Canal, 11701. without half-yearly dividend, at the rate of 451. per share clear, per annum.—Birmingham, 10401. dividing 421. clear.—-Coventry, 8501. dividing at the rate of 32). per share.»Swansea, 1671.3 the last dividend 81, per share. Monmouthshire, 1291.—Grand Junction, 2701, to 2721.—Kennet end Avon, 421. 103.—. Wilts and Berks, 451. to 461. 10s.—Rochdale, 521. 10s. to 551.— Western Junction Subscrip- tion, 51. premium.—Ellesmere, 801.—Union, 1101.—Grand Union, 71, discount.—Lancaster, 96.—Ashby-de-la-Zouch, 241.—Worcester and, Birmingham old Shares, 401.—-Croydon, 301. to 311,—-West India Dock Stock, 1671. ex halt-yearly dividend of 51.—London Dock, 1291; ex half yearly dividend of 31. clear.—Ditto Scrip, 261. per cent. premium.—-Albion Assurance, 571.—Globe, 120i. ex half yearly dividend of 51.—Atlas, par.—-fast Landon Water Works, 1871.—West Middlesex ditto, 1141.—New ditto, 201. premium.—Kent ditto, 281. premium, —Grand Junction ditto, 121. 12s. premium.—London Institution, 681. 5s.—Surrey Institus tion, 231. 2s.—Coyent Garden New Theatre Shares, 4701. without admission.—Strand Bridge, 121. discount.—Dover-street-road, 10s. to 11. premium.—-Commercial Read, iSd!. per cent, ex half-yearly dividend 31. MONTHLY AGRICULTURAL REPORT. N the sound and dry grounds, bean-planting is nearly finished, and some oats and pease got into the earth; in less favoured situations, and where tillage has been backward, this branch of husbandry will not be complete until nearly the middie of next month: The wheats in general kave improved in their appearance, excepting upon wet and poachy soils, where they still look yellow and unhealthy. Mr. Kemp's practice of putting in spring corn, without the aid of the plough, has been tried by several experim-ntal farmers with beans and oats, and report speaks well of the state of those lands. From the late Tains, tillage has been difficult, and is backward in low and undrained sgils, a difficulty which will be felt on Such throughout the spring. Ds The common turnips have suffered from wet upon unfavourable soils, but the ruta baga is a certain dependence, wherever cultivated, and its culture, as it ought, increases every year, throughout the island. From the nature of last year’s crops, straw must become very scarce towards the latter end of the season ; and from the dearness of hay, those stock farmers who have not provided themselves amply with green crops, will he reduced to great difficulty. Some losses of sheep by the rot, in the midland counties, were spoken of in the past months» but nothing on that head is reseated, mor much yet respecting the lambs. Little alteration in the country since last month in the cattle-markets, or the farm-yards. The corn+markets ave had an ample supply, yet the general opinion is, that wheat mast be dedter,j it must however be noted, that never hefore was so great a breadth of wheat sown inl England and Scotland, a3 during the last seed season, and much land is yet reserved for spring wheat, the culture of which has been abundantly successful for many years, and increases ip consequence. In Smithfield market, Beef fetches from 5s. to 68. perstene of Bb. j—Mutton, from 5s 4d. to 63. 4d. ;—Veat, Gs. to 8s. 4d. ;—Pork, Ss. 4d. to 8s, i? ‘ . Middlesex, Fel. 25. aed NATURALISI’s MONTHLY REPORT. JANUARY, Reviving Winter Montb. The horizontal sun Broad o’er the south, hangs at his utmost noon; a And, ineffectual, striftes the gelid cliff. 2 , THE wind was easterly from the 1st to che 10th of the present month. In the afternoon of the 10th it was south, and on the 11th westerly. On the 19th %t was first south, and afterwards south-west ; and from the 13th to the 23d, for the most part westerly, or ‘north~ west. Towards the latter part of the 23d it changed to the north; and on the 24th and 95th was north-east. It was north-west.on the 26th and 27th, and easterly during the last four ‘days of the month. Bhs We 200 Meteorological Report. We had strong gales on the 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 12th, 17th, and 30th 5 and fresh gales on the 1st, 8th, 13ch, 14th, 15th, 23d, 24th, 25th, 27th, and Sist. ae There was rain on the 10th, 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th, 17th, 18th, and 31st; and snow on the 1st, 2d, 3d, 28th, and 30th. ’ The weather was frosty on the 1st, 2d, Sd, 4th, Sth, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 22d, 26th, 27th, Wh, 29th, and 30th; and hazy or foggy on the 10th, 12th, 14th, 17th, and @ist. In the early part of the month I observed several bullfinches about the hedges, an occurs rence which J have seldom refnarked, except in the extreme cold weather of winter. January S.. The starlings, which in the beginning of November were much more nume- xous than they usually are in this neighbourhood, continue apparently undiminished in num- bers. January 8. Fieldfares are very numerous. January 10. Notwithstanding the long continuance of easterly gales and frost, the wild- fowl which have come inare hitherto very few. Wild-geese have been exceédingly scarce. One wild-swan, (Anas Cygnus ferus, of Linnwus,) has been shot. The frost has been so hard, thatthe rivers are frozene The frost broke up on the 10th. January 15. A great quantity of what isdenominated in this neighbourhood ground-ice, is now floating down both the Avon and Stour. This ice is formed at the bottom of the water, and is known by the roots and leaves of water-plants, which it carries along with it. Many persons have been much perplexed to account fot the formation of this ice. ‘January 17. Theweather is now so warm that spiders come out of their hiding-places, and stand upon their webs ; and the house-flies have in some degree recovered from their tor- idity. ; : Seeury 19, 2 this day saw advertised in one of the London papers, that a single dealer in wild-fowl had just received for sale, 10,000 Bernacle geese. The 4,000 mallards, 204 cranes, 204 bitterns, 400 herons, 200 pheasants, 500 partridges, 400 woodcocks, and 100 curlews, which are stated to have been served up at Archbishop Nevill’s famous iathronization feast, in the year 1466, were, I think, scarcely more remarkable. : January 25. Snow-drops and primroses are in flower, under the sunny walls of warm and gheltered gardens ; and the flower-buds of the mezereon are nearly ready to burst. January 27. The only salmon which has been caught during the present month, was taken on this day. [t weighed twenty-four pounds. Hampsbire. re METEOROLOGICAL REPORT. Wbservations on the State of the Weather, from the 24th of January, 1811, to the 24th of February, 1811, inclusive, Four Miles N.N,W. St. Paul's, Barometer. Thermometer. Highest, 30°15. Jan. 25. Wind Wi Higheft, 50° Feb, 10 and14, Wind S.W. Lowest, 28°65. Feb. 22, —— W. Lowest, 20° Jan. 30. _— E. On he morning of y the 27th the thermot Onthe morning | Greatest 4 Greatest f# 55 hun- RE > meter stood at 38°, fwariation in }dredths of of the 26th ult. | variationin @ 14%, and at the same hour - the mercury was | 24 hours. a @4 hours. 4 an inch. ‘ on the 28th, it was as- mera: low as 24°, Tur quantity of rain fallen since the last Report of it is equal to 5-7 inches in depth, “This has been a mild month for the season of the year; the thermometer has been but five times below the freezing point, of these indeed it was on the 29th and 30th of January as low as 20°. The average height of the mercury for the whole month is 38°. which is two degrees higher chan it was for the same month last year, and 5° higher than it was in the month of February 1809. Vegetation in the fields and gardens has made some progress, and many of the fruit-trees are in full bud, a circumstance not very favourable to eur future ex- pectations, as much severe weather may be expected to cut off these early products. The average height of the barometer is 29°27, which will readily account for the number of wet days in the month. On the Sist of January we had a very deep fall of snow, which was succeeded by a rapid thaw, so that in the course of twenty-four or thirty hours scarcely a vestige was left, except where it was drifted. On the 1Sth of February there was another fall of snow, but of no great consequence. The wind has been chiefly in the west. There have been but seven brilliant days, elevenon which there have been sain; the remainder have been cloudy. Highgate. . “MONTHLY MAGAZINE. | No. 211.} APRIL 1, 1811. [3 of Vox. 31. As long as thofe who write are ambitious of making Converts, and of giving their Opinions a Maximum of Influence and Celebrity, the moft extenfively circulated Mifcellany will repay with the greatet Effect the Curiofity of thofe who read either for Amufement or Inftruction.— JOHNSON, ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS. To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. hooks to it, attached toa rope) froma ; sti, mortar, directly over the vessel; on the ITHOUT referring to the preten- line being drawn in, by the persons on sions which have appeared in the shore, the shot had taken secure your periodical publication of Dr. Carey hold, and fixed on some part of the and others, to the merit of saving ship- hull, the whole of the rigging having been wrecked seamen on a lee-shore, [ shall carried away the day previous to the beg, through the same channel, to state, vessel being stranded. By this means that those who consider how much power a boat was soon hauled to the vessel and glory this kingdom owes to its ma- from the shore, and the helpless sailors ritime commerce, will readily acknow- brought in safety to the land, when every ledge, that the person who facilitates , other effort to save them proved ineffecs the means, by lessening apprehension, tual. Every various form in which ‘in providing against the dangers attend- a: accident could be supposed likely to ing it, is not only deserving the thanks, present itself, seemed to be provided but remuneration, of the country. The against; and I was strongly impressed proportion of vessels lost on the coast is, with the unequivocal sufficiency of this to those that founder at sea, or perish admirable invention, on reefs, at a distance from the land, as Few of the objects which we- desire nineteen to twenty; and of these, from are attained at once, and by a single _ the disposition of a large extent of the cause, the same wants offer themselves coast of these islands, many are lost so under various features of difficulty, and near the shore, that a boat cannot be require to’ be met with different. means, used for their assistance, for want of a The life-boat invented by Mr. Great. suificient depth of water to float it, the head is of effect in those shipwrecks beach being covered only as the waves that happen at a distance from the land ; ~ roll in; and the sailors, if they commit Captain Manby’s invention is adapted themselves from their vessel, either are to those that happen under cliffs, or so drowned in struggling against the regur- near the shore that. no boat can be gitation, or killed by the violence with brought into use; where the beach gra. __ which they are dashed against the beach. dually declines (as I have already ob- Under these circumstances, which have served), it is covered with water only as hitherto precluded the possibility of ren- the waves roll in; and in the resorbency, _ dering them any assistance from the supposing that there is a sufficient depth shore, how many ships have perished, of water to float the boat, and force it year after year, with their wholecrews! out towards the sea fora moment, it is. I congratulate the country, therefore, again driven back by the next wave, to _ that the means bave at length been pro. the fury of which the action of the oars _ duced that completely meet and over- does not offer a sufficient resistance ; and _ come the complicated difiicuities and dis. these obstacles, in a violent storin, are. tresses of such situations. I was pre- of themselves enough to render all sent lately, when a large foreign galiot efforts to get the life-boat off to the dis-’ _ was driven by a violent storm on the tressed ‘vessel ineffectual, even if*it be beach at Yarmouth; the weather was not upset in the attempt; an accident, _ severely cold, and the sailorson board which is almost certain to bappen, from 60 totally benumbed, as to be incapable . the extreme difficulty of keeping the boat _ of using the smallest exertion for their with the head to the waves, through deliverance; repeated endeavours to want of sufficient power on the action’of launch a boat from. the shore to their the oars, or depth of water to use them.’ Assistance were tried, but in vain; when, Under these arduous circumstances it on every effort proving fruitless,Captain appears to me, that the person who. Manby projected a shot (with barbed should invent a means of launching the ' Moypury Mag, No, 211, 2c life. > £02 life-boat, and getting her off in safety, deserves no less praise than the inventor of the ljfe-boat, bimself. This has been done by Captain Man- by, by laying out two anchors, with a stout rope between them, at a distance from the shore beyond the surf; when, by a barbed shot, (as before deseribed,) being projected over the stout rope, a power is acquired to haul the boat over the shallows, with the head to the wind and waves; and the danger of upsetting, by turning its side to them, entirely guarded against till it reaches water deep enough to admit the action of the ears 5 and then, and not till then, the life-boat begins to act witli effect. I remember, that when Mr. Greathead’s invention of the life-boet was given to the public, and a motion made in the House of Com- mons, that a sum should be granted him in remuneration, it was opposed by some ‘of the house, on the ground that there had yet been no aetual rescue of the crew of a ship by it, which could not have been saved but by such a means. Bat the motion was carried against this objection; indeed there was no occasion for any such proof. Its use in event of - the accident was as plainly to be appre- hended, as we know that the most fa- iniliar effect must succeed the cause: but, even if this opinion had been al- lowed to stand good in Mr, Greathead’s ease, it is obviated in the instance of Captain Manhy’s invention; he having already, with bis apparatus, effected: com~ munications with vessels, when it could not be gained by any other means, and hadi actually caved by it ninety of his fellow-creatures. The simplicity of the invention, (what- ever may be the light in which it may éause it to be regarded by seme,) is in- deed its highest merit, and: greatest re« commendation. Those inventions in mechanics, which have been of greatest service to mankind, have been, like most important moral traths, simple and de- monstrable to the plainest understanding. It is the distinguishing feature of such things, Th’ invention all admir’d, and each, how he ‘To be the inventor miss’d ; so easy it seem’d, Once found, which yet unfound, most would have thought impossible. Milton’s Paradise Lost. Tnventions, for the most part, have been the effect of chance, rather than of depth of research; the result of a happy impulse, or met with in the pursait of some other object. Many of the most : 1 Captain Manby’s Invention : [Apritt, wee! Oe important discoveries in chemistry were made in the vain attempt to gain the secret of transmutation of metals; and yet society has, by almost universal cons sent, honoured and recompensed the authors, as if the inventions had been effected through a catenation of circum- stances, regularly following deep and de- liberate research, It is perhaps a secret motive of piety that induces us to caress the chosen and favoured instrument. of so much benefit to mankind. But the rewards and honours, which are the in= ventor’s*due, are often intercepted by envy, always eager to depreciate the usefuluess, or deny the merit of Orin ginality, to his production; or his claim is not allowed by the majority of the judges, in these eases, whose percep- tions, for want of the medium of a pure taste, find usefulness and elegance in no- thing bat what is complicated or gaudy ; and despise those qualities which are in reality the essence-of things. All these remarks either are immediately illus= trated or connected by the following anece dote: Columbus, after his discovery of America, was persecuted by the envy of the Spanish courtiers, for the honours which were heaped on him by the sove- reign: and. once, at table, when all decorum was banished in the heat and ingenuousness of wine, they murmured loudly at the caresses he received, for having, (as they said) with mere animat resolution, pushed his voyage a few leagues beyond what any one had yeo chanced to have done. Columbus heard: them with great patience; and, taking’ an egg from the dish, proposed that, they should exercise their ingenuity by makirg it stand on end. It went all round, but no one succeeded, Give it me, gentlemen (said Columbus) who then took it, and breaking it in at one of the ends, it stood at once. They. all cried out involuntarily, Why. I could have done that! Yes, if the thought had: struck you, (replied Columbus); and ifthe thought had struck you, you might have discovered America.* - Superior qualifi- cations and desert in society, have always been attended by envy and malignity; and they have been often compared to the sun, that, by its attractive quality, draws. Up vapours, which, though they * I am aware that this story is told-of an- Italian architect, as well as of Columbus but this difference docs. not at all affect the application, obscure t . >» q al A ir om cation? 1611.] obscure it for a while, are, to those. who can discourse of causes and effects, at once 2 conviction of its splendor aud atility. And Captain Manby, too, if he wanted any additional evidence of the merit of his invention, might bring for- ward the indifference with which it was treated by a distinguished body, and the clamours that have been raised against it hy the invidious. Some have opposed his right to the merit of originality, in favour of a man who made an experiment many, years since at Woolwich, which hore some resemblance to his, and which the man rélinquished, without any inten- tion of renewing his endeavours. The intérest with, which the conviction of thé importance of this apparatus impresséd me, induced me to enquire minutely into the trath of this counter-ciaim ; and, as I suspected, I found it impossible to be applied in a storm, and without the slightest shadow: of usefulness. Others have said, (deceived, L imagine, by the simplicity of the design, which leads them to think, thatit must have occurred he- fore, and which makes the quotation from the poet so applicable,) that they re- member to have read or heard of it' years ago. I doubt this assertion altogether; but, for mere argument’s sake, let us sup- pose it were invented a hundred years hack. Who has ever heard of its appli- Te will not at all detract from Captain Manby’s merjt or claim on the public, The reviver"Gf a good custom that has fallen into disuse, has always been allowed the next honors to the in- stitutor. I haveneither leisure nor'room for such references, but those who have, abd may choose to make them, will find, that the custom has taken its name from thereviver, rather than the inventor, and, as far as the tacit consent of society ex- tends,swithout injustice. When this is the qge, surely when one man has relin- qwished a plan inembryo, or jaid it aside, because im his hands it proved abortive, if another take it upafter him, and, from thesimperfect hints and irregular outlines atheaded by the suggestor, by a happier impulse.and livelier conception, produces’ a-periect piece, he deserves the second place ‘at least: and, as it was'said’ by a great man of Virgil as a poet in compa- rison. of Homer, certainly the second, and rather:the first; than the third: and, though a division of the honor should be contended: for, it seems to me; that he has an exclusive title to that honor and the rewards that are duey greater lengthy than: J as first intended, ., Sor the Relief of Ships in Distress. Tam led to a 208 and must beg the’patietice of the reader: the matter 1s not susceptible of much ornament, nor is this paper written under relations very favorable to compositiongg but I trust to the importance of the sub- ject to gain me attention, An official employment fur some time past has fixed Captain Manby’s residence at Yarmouth in Norfolk, where, from witnessing nu- merous scenes of distress by shipwreck every winter, he determined, if possi- ble, to lessen those melancholy events ; and, by perseverance and repeated expe~ riments, he produced a system which has had the decided approbation of every one whose opinion and judgment can be sup- posed of weight. In the violent storm that happened in February 1807, I saw - two vessels (haying about thirty men on board them,) driven on shore at Win- terton. The fishermen of this village are celebrated for their daring and indes fatigable exertions to rescue lives from shipwreck; but; it this instance, the ves- sels were driven so near the shere, that it_was covered with water suffitiently deep to float.a boat only as the waves rolled in, and the niouient they were res sorbed, the boat was left dry, and dashed to pieces by the violence with which it was precipitated against the beach, After many bold-and imeffectual attempts, even at the hazard of their own lives; ' they were forced to endure the afiliction of being idle spectators’ of. the catass trophe: and, with the horror of their si- thation aggiavated by the sight’of the shore and safety so near them; the sailors dropped benumbed from the rigging, one after the ‘other, till they. had a!l perished, I shall never forget that night. | The despair of the crews! the corresponding agony of the beholders! but no language can do justice to such a scene; and, like the historical. painter, I must drop the veil, and leave to the imagination the distress that it is impossible to describe, These fishermen have since been present at repeated trials of the apparatus,. and- have proved its effectiveness, by having) saved a'crew with it.- “ Coilibetin arte sta" credéndum est.” They have de- cla¥ed that if they had possessed it when these vessels (With many’ others,) were” wrecked, they might have saved, without difficulty, their'créws; which, as it was, al} perished close to the shore. Let ‘any one now take into consideration the dis- position of alarge extent of coast of these islauds, and the immense amount of ship. ping:employed in our trade, to which the number of accidents must necessarily be WwW 204 in proportion. Let him search where such records are kept, and calculate how many vessels have been wrecked, in situations where no assistance could pos- sibly be rendered by any boat, with ail their crews, which might have been saved by these means. Can the life-boat be brought to act in certain situations with- out the assistance of Captain Manby’s apparatus? Is not the life-boat cumber- some, and not locomotive without much labour? Has not the expence of a gene- ral adoption of the life-boat been shrunk from by the nation, and has not the same reason prevented its adoption by private subscription? It is not my intention to detract from the merit of Mr. Greathead’s invention, as great praise is due to him; but these are facts, a denial of which cannot be supported. On the other hand, the apparatus produced by Cap- tain Manby, is attended with inconsi- derable expence; can be applied with certainty and success by any one who willattend to the directions given; may easily be transported from place to place; and, if stationed at intervals of a few miles on the redoubtable parts of the coast, would be ready at every emer- gency oneitherside. Let these facts be taken into consideration, and it will rea- dily be thought with me, that Captain Manby is entitled to the sole merit, and well deserves to be rewarded as the in- ventor and perfecter, of an apparatus so unambiguously equal to the important oc- casion for which it may daily be expected to be called into use; and which we trust his majesty’s government will, without further delay, carry into full and general effect. Humanitas. Norwich. I shall confirm part of my statement following letter: by NF ; Roebuck, Yarmouth-roads, SIR, Fanuary 6th, 1811, I beg leave to state for the information of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, that, during my attendance on the beach yes. terday morning, in assisting for the preser- vation of H. M. gun-brig, Attack, a mer- chant brig was driven ashore at the same place, and her crew, seven in number, were in my presence, rescued from the rigging of the vessel, and apparent certain destruction, jn a most admirable manner, by means of a boat. drawn from the shore by a line, that, affixed to a shot, was thrown over the vesse] from a mortar, under the personal superin- tendence of Captain Manby. And this morn- ing a galiot, having also come on shore on the beach, her crew, consisting of four Eng- Vishmen and five foreigners, must inevita-. bly have perished, but for the prompt assis- Causes of Mental Deterioration [April 1, tance of Captain Manby, with his apparatus, and by whose efforts, and by the same means as those employed yesterday, the whole crew were, in my presence, rescued from their most perilous situation , one of them, however, is since dead from his sufferings, in consequence, of the severity of the weather. I take the liberty of making this statement to their. lordships, conceiving it my duty, in common justice to Captain Manby, whose personal exertions are always prompt in the cause of humanity, and in the present instances have been so happily efficient. Sobn Wilson Croker, esq. R. Curry, a To the Editor of the Menthly Magazine. SIR, fh ci principle of mental deterioration in close corporations, and close committees and clubs, ~is a necessary consequence of the love of power and domination natural. to man. - He who is invested with power will always exert himself to retain it, and will seldom abandon or relinquish it, if he possess the means of retaining it by cunning or contrivance. Hence, no member of a close corporation or committee will ever admit any one fo become a member, who, he thinks, is likely to dispute his own ascendency, or contest his opinions or influence. In such bodies, there- fore, errors and prejudices are embodied and perpetuated ; and philosophy labours in vain in making discoveries in science and morals, while such bodies have in-+ fluence on the destinies of mankind, The first step then towards the ra- dical regeneration, amelioration, and improvement, of society in all countries, is to lay open all close corporations, as ‘ the corrupt and convenient tools of power, as the willing instruments of mental vassalage, and the bigotted ene- mies of all discovery and improvement, This evil ought to be one of the first objects for the correction of a patriotic parliament, and the principle ought to be steadily resisted in every ramification of society from the board of government, ° through the committees. of companies, down to the directors of benefit-clubs. Nothing like a close committee, em- powered to fill up its own vacancies, or elected by limited ballot, should be tolerated ; no house-lists should be coun tenanced ; those in power should have'no concern in re-elections; and all’vacancies should be filled by popular election, and, if possible, by the mode of GENERAL BALLOT, deciding by a simple majority, - without limitations. ied. Merit and genius. are antidotes to a close corporation, I was lately at one 481i] | of our universities, and heard of a young man of great promise in literature. Ah, said I, he will soon be promoted I sup- pose; he may calculate on being soon at the head of a college, and perhaps arrive early in life at the highest scholastic honours. You never were so deceived, Teplied an old M. A., he is already hated by several of the members of Golgotha; and, if he be not very circumspect in his conduct, they will contrive some means of dishonouring, instead of ‘honouring, him. In short, he is the last man in the university to get on here, and he must be content with the slowest gradation of our honours, or exert his talents in some other sphere of action, On another occasion I knew a learned Parson, who desired to become a mem- ber of a learned society, in London, (re- lative to whose pursuits he had written so much, and too well not to be viewed with jealousy by some of the members,) and, overa bottle of wine, he proposed to a fox-hunting squire, one of his parishi- oners, that they should both offer them- selves as candidates, on the ground that one post-chaise would carry them to its meetings. The squire consented, though he scarcely knew the object of the so- ciety; but, as the rector told him, there was a good dinner annually, and some pleasant quarterly meetings, he con- sented ; and accordingly their names were posted with others for the next ballot. The society was, like many others, founded on a principle of exclusion, und three black balls in ten disqualified; a mis- taken principle, as a majority scarcely ought not to disqualify, and, of the two plans, I should prefer three in ten to elect, rather than to disqualify, if I wished a society to be: great, perpetual, and use- ful. As nobody, therefore, knew the Squire, no one thought of opposing him; but two rival authors gloried in the op- portunity of mortifying the lector, and made a party to oppose him, In conse- quence, on the day of election, twelve Black balls were found of thirty-six who voted in the ballot for the erudite Rector, ‘and not one for the Squire, who found himself dubbed an F * S, and his worthy neighbour rejected! The Squire, of course, had sense enough to despise a society possessed of a constitution which led it to make so ridiculous « decision ; and, refusing to pay the fees, has ever since quizzed the Rector about it, and told the story of his transcemdant and syperior qualifications for an F*S to qgme hundreds besides myself. in Close Corporations, Committees, Ke. 205° The history of the Royal Academy is a history of feuds and follies, occasioned by the same false principle of its con- stitution; and the famous Whig Club has sunk into contempt and utter insigni- ficance, from the operation of the same cause. The Bank of England, the India Come pany, and some other great bodies, are under the pernicious dominion of house- lists; hence, are very imbecile, and lose much of their “energy and respecta~ bility. ' Even in the truly popular elections, in the wards of the city of London, the existing members of the common-council have the temerity to join their interests in opposing any new candidate; and they modestly distribute, at the place of election, printed lists, to be filled up by the electors, in which they take care to omit the names of any new candidates, Of the wretched close bodies, called country corporations, no figure of speech sinks low enough to express the conse- quences of this false principle of their constitution; and, forthe honour of the law and the government, for their own glory, and the good of the people, their elections ought to be rendered open and popular; and, for the sake of their in- dependence and good order, should be made by ballot, and decided by a ma- jority. Next to a parliainentary reform, and perhaps prior to it, this change in the constitution. of corporations and pub- lic bodies, ought to be effected by an intelligent people. The evil is, im some degree, the foundation of all others in the social arrangements of the United Kingdom; and all other necessary re- forms would be a consequence of re- invigorating these organs of law and power, at present so many foci of core ruption and bigotry. March 6, 1811. Common SeEnsr. ee To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR, - HE probability that a life of any given age will continue in being to the end of any given term, being a fraction whose denominator is the num. ber of persons living at the given age in any table of observations; and whose numerator is the number of persons living at an age older by the given term, than the given age; and in the case of joint lives, it being the product of the pro-" babilities that each of the single lives shall continue in being to the end of the given 206 Objections to Doctrines adopted by Mr. Baily, [April 1, given term,” is a doctrine that was sug- gested by Dr. Halley, adopted by Mr... De Moivre, adhered to by Mr. Simpson, confided in by Mr. Dodson, espoused by Dr. Price, embraced by Mr. Morgan, and assented to by a recent writer, Mr. Barty. The purport of this letter is, to represent the fallacy of such a doctrine. The definition of a fraction 1 take to be this: the numerator denotes the number or quantity, and the deno. minator the distinguishing name of what is numbered. The subject of the present investigation, being that of time, thats, its component and fractional parts, it, follows, that the measure of the proba. bility of the dyration of baman life must he expressed by. a fraction, whose deno- minator is a. period of time, composed of. a specific number of years, and, whose numerator is a portion of such period, composed of a less number of years, and @ fractional part of a year. In the first example of Mr. Batty’s fiyst practical question, chapter xi. he asserts: ‘ the probability that a. per- son, whose age 1s 20, shall attain to the age of 50, or live 30 years, is, according the observations, of M. De Parcieux, as given in table 3, equal to 581 —re 314 whose age is 40, shall attain to the age of 70, or live SO years, is, accord~ ing to the same observations, equal And the probability that a person, to But the probability, that both those persons shall live to the end of } 531 ae 30 years, is equal to aie multiplied by 310 ! 180110, ——: that is, equal to —-——, O57 5547 98 By consulting Nature; in preference to my Own imagination, or to-any received doctrine, I find the probability that: a person, whose-age is 20, shiall attainto the age of 50, or live 30-yeers, is, according to the observations.of M. De Parcieux,. as given in Mr. Baily’s third: table, 25.6689 respectively. 51382. 4385 3635 Bat tle probability that all those lives shall continue so loig, is equal to the roduct of the three fractions into each other; whence such probability will be denoted by 31883927040 ,, : 81801535700 . Now the probability that. each. of three lives, aged 20, 30, and, 40, shall live. 15) years, (according, to. the: Nor- thampton observations,). I find equal to years, instead of. 10.0000 fractions, as per 13.3644 13.0701 12.5836 76.0000 15.0000 5.0000 2°" 11.7205 respectivel Yo . motead of 15.0000 re sosttiiss es * Tg0000 15.0000. > P ive) fracti 4010, 5248 tively, as per fractions, 5192” 4385. , 2443 3 ans SEP reauectiely; hae the Bir bability that ald those lives shall continue 13.0505 —_— soilong, I find équal to 7 anne 5,8466 15.0000 tion, 4010, 9248. x 2448. PS 5198 x 4885 x S085 31883927010 | 6 1801385700 By following up thé infexibility of years, instead of years, as per frac- this immutable law of Nature, througly every intermediate link of the chain, to its arrival at the extremity of old aye, I find the probability that a person, whose age is 20, shall attain to the age of 95, or live 75 years, is, according to the obs servations of M. De Parcieux, as given in 9 Mr. Baily’sthird Table, equal to at 73 00GB years. The probability that a person, whose age is 30, shall attain to the age of 93, or live 65 years, is, according te 34.0586 65.0000 years. And the probability that a pers son, whose age’is 40, shall attain to the age of 95, or live 55 years, is, according to the same observations, equal” te 27.4802 the same observations, equal to all those persons shall continue in being to the end of a term of 55 years, I find, by the same observations, equal to 33.6807 1 55.0000 denoted by 0.0000, as necessarily resulee ing from the-doctrine subscribed by the mathematical faithful, enrolled in their court of chancery. I will here make free and ask, whether the expression, “continue in being to the end of any given term,” means any thing, or means nothing? Should it so happen as to mean something, the plain question is, what is that something that it does mean ? Can the. probable continuation of the existence of an assigned life be equal to itself, and unequal. to itself, at one and the same time? The rule given in page 355, and the result in page 534, woply that it can. To carry this @ little farther: let it be supposed possible to make the expression, ‘ continue in being to the end of any given term,” to signify some real entity in nature, and that it may be attempted to form in the mind aclear and distinct conception of such entity; and that the immediate ob- ject so conceived be a specific period of time ; then will the probability that a person, whose age is 15, shall continue in being-to the end of a term of ten years, as deduced. by the law of nature from the register of life and death (as given ia page 530, tabte the third) be equal to a period of nine years, and the fraction .53837; the probability that the same person shall continue in» being, to the end of a term of 20 years, will be equal to years, instead of the nonentity 208 to a period of 18 years, and. the fraction 22394. The probability that the same person shall continue in being to the end of a term of thirty years, will be equal to a period of 25 years, and the fraction .9894. The probability that the same person shall continue in being to the end of a term of forty years, will be equal to a period of 32 years, and the fraction .8101. The probability that the same person shall continue in being to the end of a term of fifty years, will be equal to a period of 38 years, and the fraction .2624. The probability that the same person shall continue in being to the end of a term of sixty years, will be equal to a period of 41 years, and the fraction .8909. ‘The probability that the same person shall continue in being to the end of aterm of sixty-five years, will be equal to a period of 42 years, and the fraction .8573. The probability that the same person shall continue in being to the end of a term of seventy years, will be cqual to a period of 43 years, and the ‘fraction .8278.. And the pro- bability that the same person shall con- tinue in being to the end of a term of eighty years, will be equal to a period of 43 years, and the fraction .5094, But the probabilities thata person, whose age is 15, shall continue in being to the end of the said terms of ten, twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, sixty-five, se. venty, and eighty, years, respectively, as deduced by the rule of faith, from the same register of life and death, will be equal to the respective periods of 9.1273, 16.3679, 22.0047, 24.8113, 23.2901, 14.9292, 9.0448, 3.9622, and 0.0000, years. Can the probability, therefore, of the continuance in being of sucha life, to the extremity of old age, be, ac- cording to the result, in page 531, equal to something, and at the same time equal to nothing, according to the necessary consequence of Mr. Baily’s rule, in page $55? Thus it is, that error always con- tradicts itself. Trusting that I have made the above statement sufficiently plain to be tho- roughly understood, and thereby having succeeded in representing the fallacy of a doctrine so confidentially authorised, so mathematically tolerated, and so impli- citly acquiesced in, during the last hun- dred years; it is only lett me now to ‘enquire, on which side of the question conviction preponderates? NatuanieL Hawes. s ‘+ Pindication of Bariis To the Editor of the Monthly Magazines SIR, EING always an admirer of painte ings, and for many years slightly acquainted with the late Adelphi Barry, from whose writings L have received more solid information on the subject of the art he professed, than from any other modern author, not excepting Reynolds; I was eager, after perusing a late account of his life and writings, to hear what were the sentiments on those valuable memoirs of the Edinburgh Review, so well versed in the art of bestowing profitable praise, or plausible condemnation. But, after wading through thirty-four pages of the vainest nonsense that ever was uttered on the subject of the art, to prove that Barry possessed, which we all know, a great deal of inspiring vanity ; we come to charges, without proofs, of his misanthropy, uttered in the language of the boldest malice, and a denial that he had enemies, produced in the most inimical terms; and then we begin to see that Barry was not so far out in his suspicions, as this reviewer would have us believe; for no hyena of the desert, on the scent after a corpse long fallen in the sand, can be imagined to more closely track his prey, than this prowling assassin of departed genius has endeavoured to come up with, and mangle, the honest fame of a long-neglected, and late-ree warded, artist. In his rage to delay the award of merit, which he ‘now sees must, ere long, be allotted to the manes of this generous- minded and high-spirited artist, he falls upon the whole tribe of men of ge- nius, who have followed the profession® time out of mind; and, not content with advising parents and friends to be cau tious how they indulge its whisperings in young minds, he would allow no encourage- ment to be given to juvenile artists, but such as would enable them to live “ com- fortably by severe toil and study ;” for the reviewer. thinks that the stimulus of want, is no less necessary than the allures ments of ambition, to procure success in» this elegant accomplishment. How he reconciles the living comfort- ably amid “the stimulant of want,” I ‘leave to his cold heart to explain, who perhaps thought they had ‘in this way. made Burns a good poet, by creating him. an exciseman, as bird-fanciers put out the eyes of nightingales to make them =e et Capri ip 1811.) Yet in the mouths of these miserable -eompass-men, and frigid calculators, (not a man of whom is ever destined to taste, much lest produce a work of genius,) we find terms of art, and all the jargon of en- cyclopzdial knowledge, so pat, so much of the gift of the critical gab, that many half-informed people even take their notions of art from them; they ‘¢ Talk of their Raphaels, Corregios, and : stuff,” ; as Goldsmith has it, so cleverly, that if ‘you should never hear of their names, you might be induced to think them real artists; that is, provided you knew nothing whatever. of the art yourself. The great object of this calumnious Re- view, becomes however very clear, to clear-sighted people, about the tenth page, where we find, that. next to the reviewer's hatred of Barry, is his anger that Sir Joshua Reynolds should be sup- posed to have at one time been jealous of his rising fame, whom he calls, in italics, “the* great painter of the age, and the great painter of thecountry.” And, as it unravels the malignant web of his sophis- try rather more than any other passage of this hoarded venom, allow me to _ quote it at length. This unfortunate reviewer, so great an enemy to irascibility in Barry, and whoy for ten pages of sly strokes of plausible abuse of all the lovers of the grand, chaste, and severe, style, has «¢ Nursed his wrath to keep it warm,” is at length tempted to a short quotation ° from his biographer, (whom he calls also his panegyrist, to lessen the force of his just praise,) wherein it is asserted, that “« perhaps there was a mutual jealousy between Barry and Sir Joshua;” and here the cloven foot appears, when he Says, with ridiculous gravity, “ that the first part of the statement is true, even” to a much greater degree than is stated. We have no doubt but the concluding insinuation isso grossly calumnious, that gcorn at its absurdity only restrains our indignation at its malignity:—‘‘ Reynolds jealous of Barry! it were as reasonable to suppose him jealous of the weaver of his canvas, or the grinder of his colours.” Yet, if it kills this enraged reviewer, he must be told, that, if Sir Joshua had been of a jealous temper, he might have been pardoned for indulging it in this ease; as he must have felt Barry’s great _ superiority in the grand feature of his art, * See Barry’s excellent ridicule of thése terms. * _ Mostaty Mas. No. 211. from the Attacks of the Edinburgh Revicw. 209 the talent for composition ; for, while Rey= nolds only produced, by long studying, one forced progeny worthy to be called an historical picture, (I mean his Ugo- lino) Barry’s prolific pencil turned out dozens, the slightest of which might rival that expressive composition. To be sure, Sir Joshua was deprived of the reviewer’s advantageous stimulus, want ; and thence, perhaps, it came to pass, that, while one was obliged to avail himself of the talents of the best engraver of mezzotinto this country, or any other, has ever seen, jn order to give the public the most favours able impression of the work, (not being able himself to execute such a plate any more than a copper-plate printer;) the other not only made the design of his Job and Palemon, pictures that might have made a Poussin jealous, much more a Sir Joshua, but actually engraved them in so painter-like a manner, and with so much effect, without affectation, nay, coloured effect, that, if he had never done’ any thing besides, posterity would have been from them forced to confess, that he was a truly greatartist; and, if he was not the “ first dignitary” in his art, from the pictures now. before the public, at the Society’s rooms, let those who can: shew a better series, from any English artist, cast the first stone. The gentle Reynolds had his virtues, his talents, his. taste, duly appreciated; his colouring could not be over-rated; but it cannot be concealed that his drawing was so defece tive, that no prudent friend would wish to bring the subject into discussion. But the indignant Barry never found a friend capable of being a patron, who was a sufficient judge of art to know the extent of his abilities: and, if Reynolds really possessed that judyment which the world allows him, (and which many doubted from the time he presented the Neptune of Bernini to the Academy,) he ought, as president, to have publicly afforded that testimony, and promoted that excellence, in his cotemporary. On this tender subject, if lam not pro= voked by this half-bred man of taste, I shall say no more; and the reviewer may console himself in the certainty, that if he does not injure his deceased friend’s reputation by idle comparisons, T shall be the last to withdraw a veil from the saered urn of those departed virtues, I remember. Barry, and regret his weaknesses; but I cannot but also re member his almost intuitive talents, his scrupulous Bony bia strict sincerity, : a his 410 his manly, though rough, freedom; his just indignation at meanness and vice; and I hereby call upon the author of the Re- view I am.exposing, in the name of a man, whom, if he were living, he would not dare to look in the face without trem- bling, after this unjust assault, to come forth from his concealment, and produce that “tale of his early perfidy,” which, he says, he has heard from authority that @ppears to him unquestionable. ‘ But the man, (he adds) is gone to his audit / and we have no desire to load his me- mory with any other accusations, than those of which his biographer has here supplied the materials.” ‘Thus closing his attacks on the virtuous dead with dark insinuations, and that affectation of eandour which bespeaks a Lurtuffe of the first water, instead of a fit critic for @ thinking nation. . Let this tale therefore be manfully brought forward, with the names of its authors; and, if they fail in proof, of which I doubt not they will, we shall then have the pleasure to clear these aspersions from the character of an honest man; and instead of one libeller, expose two, to the contempt of an in- sulted public. A Frrenp To Mrrir. ‘ — To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. si@DR; N the important duty of correcting that which lapprehend to be a dan- gerous, as wellas too common, iJliberality, 1, regret to find myself in the most un- pleasant predicament of having a lady for my, antagonist. But mere politeness eught, in reason, to give place’to a more serious duty; a sentiment in which I am sure of being joined by the lady herself, whose genius and acquirements are so respectable. FE allude to certain objec- tionable sentiments in Miss Starke’s truly poetic ode, On the Goodness of Provi- dence. (Monthly Magazine for Decem- . ber, 1810.) Lhe words in which they are conveyed are indicated by italics, in the following quotation : But man, too fond of earth, ne’er loeks on high, To read the mystic wonders of the sky ; Or, if he read, no steady credence gives, Because be hears, and oft, alas ! believes Those fiends accurst, who fain with sceptic lean ould poison all bis confidence in Heaven. : Out of respect however to the lady, I will suppose that she availed herself of one species ‘of the poetica licentie, by elothing ardent images in words of cor- gesponding ardour, and that, in sober and Critical Remarks on Shakespeare. [Aprif f rational prose, she would have hesitated to apply the harsh terms of § fiends ac* curst’ to rational beings, endowed by nature with equal rights*of judgment, and even with the equal, although unde= sirable, privilege, of making the retort courteous of ‘ damned phanatiques.” We may go still farther in apologizing for a lady and a poetess, who may have been misled by authority as well as imagi- nation, and who may have relied with implicit confidence on the unanimous decisions of those doctors who teach, if not openly, that no faith is to be kepes with infidels, at least, that no quarter is to be allowed them. Does not that rational and liberal christian, Dr. Rees, assure us in his sermons, that the chief motive of every sceptic is vanity, and his intention evil; and who would venture to controvert the opinion of a learned separatist from the church, whose very vocation implies every thing which is liberal, philosophical, and condescending in short, every christian virtue ? February 11, 1811. a For the Monthly Magazine. CRITICAL REMARKS On SHAKESPEARE, Axzxy’s West THAT Enps WeEkt. _ Act I. Scene 3. HE composition that your valour -and fear make in you, isa virtue of a good wing, and I like the wear well.” “The true reading,” says Dr. Warburton, “ is doubtless a good ming, a word common to the writers of this age;” but this common word ming, Di. Johnson tells us, he was never able to find. Mr. Steevens, how= ever, has given us several examples of its, being in current use as a verb; but, as a substantive, even his indefatigable indus- try could. find none. Thus, Thomas Drant, in his translation of one of the Epistles of Horace: ‘* He bears the bell in all respects, whe good with sweet doth ming.” L. “ And Sir A. Gorges, in his translation of. Lucan, 1614: *¢ Which never mings with other stream.” But the passage in question wants no alteration; the metaphor is taken, like many others in the works of this poet, froma falconry; and it seems to denote firmness of contexture. “Certainly,” says Lord Bacon, in his Natural History, ex- periment 886, ‘many birds ef a gvod wing, as kites and tha like, would bear up agood weight as they fly.” King Jainest. in-his progress, from Edinburgh to Lone don, was splendidly entertained at Hin- chinbrook-house, the seat of Sir Oliver Cromwell; 4811.] Cromwell; and at parting, as we are told, Sir Oliver presented his royal guest, swho was much attached to the sports of the field, with “ six hawks of an excellent wing.” —— No more of that, I prithee, do not strive against my vows, I was compell’d to her. Act IP. Ssone 3. Dr. Johnson endeavours to obviate the difficulty of this passage, by exchanging the word strive, for drive or shrive; nei- ther of which alterations can claim any preference to the present reading. ‘Do Mot strive against my vows,” &c. appa- rently means, Do not let my vows be the ‘obstacle against which your virtue strives r contends; for, being compelled to her, they were involuntary and consequently gavalid. _ Berirs How have I sworn? Dian. °*Tis not the many oaths that make the truth, But the plain single vow that is vow’d true; j What is not holy that we swear not by, But take the Highest to witnesse=then pray tell me a should swear by Jove’s great attributes loy’d you dearly, would you believe my oaths When I did love you ill? This has no hold- ing ‘To swear by him whom I protest to love, Phat I will work against him: therefore, your i oaths Are words, and poor conditions but unsealed. a did. Ib. The scope of Diana’s reasonings in this speech have been entirely mistaken; and the alterations proposed by the learned commentators, Warburton and Johnson, however specious, are beyond all ques- tion inadmissible. Bertram, to obviate the charge of inconstancy, says, ‘* how have [ sworn?” to which Diana replies, «Tis not the many vows that make the truth,” &c. that is, ’Tis not the mualtipli« city nor the solemnity of your protesta- tions that can evince your fidelity, for, ‘to make such appeals to Heaven, is easy and common, But would you yourself, whose oaths are offered as demonstrati- pus, give me credit, if I should swear by all that is sacred my love to you was sin- cere, when my conduct contradicted my professions? Oaths such as your’s are, in their own nature, void of all title to con- fidence, which swear by him whom you profess to reverence, that you will be true to engayements contracted in opposition fo his will. Therefore your oaths, &c. _ ‘The cvunclysion is here very justly and Critical Remarks on Shakespeares 63) forcibly deduced from the premises. Since this note was written, ] have the satisfaction to find, that the author of the Revisal has offered a similar interpretation of the passage. Act. V. Scene 8.—Dr. Johnson’ ob- serves, that Parolles has many of the lineaments of Falstaff, a fellow that had more wit than virtue; and though justice required that he should be detected and exposed, yet his vices sit so fit in him, that he is not at last suffered to starve.” I confess, however, that I see but little re- semblance between these two characters, It is true, they are equally destitute of virtue; but, as to the wit of Parolles, Iam yet to learn where it is tobe found, He Jena scruples not to say that she “ thinks him a great way fool;” and: the vices which sit so fit in him, are totally differ- ent from those which enter into the com- position of Falstaff. He recommends himself to Bertram, who is himself re- presented as a man of no great penetra- tiun, by his servile complaisance and pa- rasitical obsequiousness; and imposes upon him, by a superficial parade of knowledge and stentation of valour, These are vices with which Falstaff is not chargeable; for the braggardism of Fal- staff, whichis mere flighty,rhodomontade not calculated or intended for serious be- lief, is not, at all akin to the grave and pompous lies of Parolles. Noristherea eingle trait in. the character of this pale troon, which bears any analogy to the hu- mour, the hilarity, the sagacity, of the fat knight, to his vigour and force of mind, or the irresistible attraction of his com. pany and conversation: and we may cer=- tainly add also, to his natural fortitude and courage: though the unlucky and lu- dicrous circumstances in which he is ine volved, render this part of his character liable to strong apparent imputations. A most able analysis of this extraordinary dramatic personage, is to be found in the admirable Essay on the Character af Sir John Falstaff, written by the late Mr. Morgan, Macpetn, The observations of Dr, Johnson, which precede the first and fourth acts of this tragedy, upon the new almost obsolete subject of witchcraft, are very masterly; and exhibit a curious compen dium of the once popular system of en, chantment, upon which the play is founded. There I go to meet Macbeth. Act ‘I, Scene 1. This 212 This is the arbitrary reading of Mr. Pope, in lieu of that which is given in the old copy: “There to meet witi Macbeth ;” and it seems to imply, that the third witch only designed him this favour; whereas they had all agreed to rendezvous on the heath at the ciose of the battle, which would be ereset of sun. The true read- ing probably is, “ There to meet wi’ thee, (that is, with thee) Macbeth!” Such a mistake might easily arise from a cares less manuscript abbreviation. ‘as Fair is foul, and foul is fair 5 Hover thro’ the fog and filthy air, Ibid. Ib. “T believe,” says Dr. Johnson, ‘the meaning is, that to us, perverse and ma- lignant as we are, fair is foul, and foul is fair.” But why should the witches be so forward to confess their own perverseness and malignity? They are represented as meeting in the midst of a violent tem- pest, and at the close of their conference, regardless of the war of elements,. fair and foul being to them. alike, they take their flight according to their several mys+ terious destinations; or, in their own lan- guage, they hover through the fog and filthy air; that is, the dark and turbid atmosphere, as it were, in contempt and defiance of the terrors of the storm. What haste looks thro’ his eyes! he look That seems to speak things strange. Ibid. Scene2. _ This phraseology Dr. Johnson would alter thus: So should he look that teems to speak things strange ;” the present text meaning, as he says, “ Meteor-stone, found near Basingstoke. 229 they seem calculated to subject the members of the established church to a species of intolerauce equally novel and oppressive, without being likely to prove beneficial to dissenters of any descrip- tion. To aid the cause of religious to« leration, he proposes that the patron of a rectory should be at liberty tu present a clergyman to it of the religion he him- self professes; that a Goldsmid should present a rabhi;“a duke of Gratton, a Unitarian; a lord Petre, a Catholic. IT have yet to learn, how the right to pre= sent arabbi to a rectory could, in any degree, promote the cause of toleration, unless the greater proportion of the pa- rishioners professed the Jewish religion as well as the patron; which, whatever may be the aggregate tumber of Jews in England, is probably not the case in a single parish in the kingdom: Sacha measure might gratify the pride of ene individual, and increase the income and comforts of another ; it might please the patron, and enrich the rabbi; but-the object to be attained by the propesed measure, is of a widely different nature. The free and equal exercise of their re- ligion, by persens of all | persuasions, with the possession of an equal political importance, and a permanent support for their clergy, are the legitimate ob- jects of toleration, and not the exalta- tion of one sect by the depression of another, Then let ‘us ascertain if this end be likely tu be attained, by the means the HMnquirer proposes. There are many ‘parishes, particularly in the country, in which not a ‘single Jew re- sides. Suppose the living of such a parish were in the gift of a Jew, and he were to bestow it upon a rabbi, would this, in any shape whatever, promote the cause of toleration? Would it not rather have the very contraty ‘effect? ‘The parishioners must then either go to church, and join in the ceremonies of a strange religion, with the mysteries and language of which they are wholly wn- acquainted, or be altogether deprived of the means of attending divine worship. Thas, the most complete intolerance. ,. would be the result of the very means by which the Enquirer proposes to effect the contrary end. The same observations will, under si- milar circampstances, apply with equal force to the presentation to rectories of the clergyman of any other religion, except the established one, If a patron of a living, who is of a different religion from “the ‘established ulit, 250 one, be’ desirous, by means of his pa- tronage, of ameliorating the condition of the clergy of his own religion, the op- portunity exists of doing so, without in- juring the parishioners, or driving them from the church in which they have been aceustomed to attend divine worship. Let him sell the advowson, or should he be reluctant wholly to part with it, let him sell the next presentation, which he may legally do; and with the money it produces, create an income for the sup- port of a clergyman of the religion of which he is a member, to officiate either in his own immediate neighbourhood, or wherever else his religion may most pre- vail, This, he and his family may re- peat on every ensuing presentation ; and the money thus produced, may be em~ ployed to encrease the income of the clergyman already created; to found a fresh one; or in the erection and repair of chapels, fur such clergymen to officiate in. H. February 17, 1811. -_——— To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR, HAVE read with much satisfaction, in your last Number, ‘ the celebrated trialof William Penn and William Mead,’ and believe there are many of your rea- ders who will agree with me, that at no time, from the era of the glorious Revo- lution to the present awful crisis, a re- publication of it was more necessary. 1 am not alone in the opinion, that the vio- Jent and arbitrary conduct of the magis- trates, who, at that juncture, sat on the bench, fully confirmed the well-known dictum of a celebrated author, that * summum jus est summa injuria,” After baving made these few cursory remarks, it seems proper to add, that the gentleman who sent that article to your Magazine, has, through inadvertency or misinformation, been guilty of a mistake respecting the yreat William Penn, He was committed a prisoner to the Tower, not for writing No Cross No Crown, but for a publication entitled, “ The Sandy Foundation Shaken,” in which the com- monlyereceived doctrines of the Trinity were explained in a different manner from the creed of St. Athanasius and his adherents, though he explicitly owns the doctrine of the divinity of Christ.* ** With his prison hours he enriched the world;” for. the ‘well-known treatise, * Penn’s Letter to Dr. Arlington, in his Life. Select Works. page 5. Life of Witliam Penn.—Improvements, [April ¥, “« No Cross No Crown,” was written du» ring his confinement; a work which the learned and pious Dr, Henry More, in a letter to the author, says, he looks upon “asa serious book, and very pious in the mein,” though he differs from tbe author with regard to titles and ceremonies. He also acknowledges that ‘a soul well awakened unto a sense of the best things, can scarcely want any external director or monitor; but the quaker’s principle is the most safe and seasunable to keep close to the light within a man.”* It must give pleasure to # large circle of your readers, to be informed that a Life of the great William Penn, is prepa- ring for the press, by a person well quali- fied to do the subject justice ; and as he will doubtless have recourse to a great uumber of letters and manuscript papers in different hands, and other original do- cuments, much entertainment, as well as instruction, may be expected from the publication; and perhaps some of your readers, who enjoy the friendship of the gentleman in question, may give us in- formation whether the intended Life is in forwardness. BeNEvoLus, March 5, 1811. a To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR, AVING lately had the pleasure of paying a visit to an old friend at Canterbury, I was induced (as formerly) to attend divine service at some parish- church in the week days: accordingly, I resolved to go to St. Margaret’s un the Friday, at the usual time of prayers; but alas! the doors were shut. Upon inqui- ring the cause of it, I was informed that the week day’s duty had been disconti- nued for many years. ‘This was my first disappointment. On the Wednesday following, I was determined to pay a visit to the church of St. Alphage, where the Jate rector never omitted the weekly duty without sufficient grounds; and where the congregation used to be a very decent and respectable one. But here, alas! the doors were shut. On the Fri- day, I sallied forth to St. George’s church, where, to my great comfort,, I found the doors open, and a congregation devoutly assembled for the purpose of offering up their prayers and praises to Almighty God. This, I amsorry to find, is the only parish-church in the large and populous city of Canterbury, where the * Life of Dr. Henry More. By R. Ward, A.M. page 247, page 540, London 1710. weekly wh _ties with any degree of attention. 1811.] weekly duty is continued. Upon king Charles’s Martyrdom, I was induced to attend divine service at the cathedral, because I highly venerate that day, and greatly admire the solemnity of the ser- vice appropriated for the observance of it; and I was always led to understand, that, upon all state holidays, it was custo- mary either for the dean, or one of the prebendaries, to preach. The stalls, cer- tainly, were occupied (though not filled) by two prebendaries, and the sermon preached by cne of the minor canons, After the service was ended, I had the curiosity to enquire the cause of this alteration, but [ could not obtain any, satisfactory answer from the person I addressed, because (as I learnt after- wards) he was a servant belonging to the cathedral. But entering iuto conversa- tion with some of the citizens upon the subject, I was informed that this custom had prevailed for some time past, whe- ther from indolence or disloyalty in the dignitaries of the church, they could not pretend to say. I was agreeably in- formed that the dean (who stands high in the estimation of the public,) conde- scended (and I make no doubt from mo- tive of principle,) to preach on the King’s Accession. This example, one should have imagined, would have induced the other dignitaries of the church (especi- ally in the present times,) to have ‘¢ gone and done likewise.” During. my stay at Canterbury, I always make a point of visiting the Pre- cincts of the cathedral, which building cannot fail of giving great pleasure to those who survey its innamerable beau- To form some criterion of the pure Gothic, a more beautiful instance than the nave of the cathedral cannot be adduced. [ _was here highly gratified to find that most of the nuisances at the west end of the eathedral, and which have repeatedly raised the indignation of the antiquarian, _and the man of taste, are now removed, At the same time I was happy to hear that the dean and chapter (highly to their honour be it spoken,) had it in contem- pence to purchase of the archbishop’s essee the house which has, for a great number of years, been made use of asa arber’s shop. Should this take place, the building be removed, and the site of it laid open, it would have a grand effect, and become one of the greatest improve- ments which the cathedral has expe- fienced for many years. At the same et - Abuses, Ke. at Canierbury. 231 time, it gave me no small degree of plea- sure, to find that the abominable abuses which were constantly offered to the south side of the cathedral, were now likely to be remedied by the erection of iron palisades as far ‘as the south en- trance, which I was informed will be continued at some future time to the west end. This alteration, (and a very laudable one it is) would, I must confess, have met my approbation in a greater degree, if the base upon which these palisades are erected, had been con- structed of stone instead of brick, pro- vided the revenues of the church were adequate to the expence. My next visit was to that part of the Precincts called the Oaks, which I was happy to find much improved, and some oak trees planted there, in order to perpetuate its name, as there were none before existing there. From hence I di- rected my course to a place called the Green-court, which I found much im- proved, owing to tle grass-plats being levelled, and the gravel walks being kept in good preservation. | But here, £ am sorry to relate it, I found myself in great jeopardy, owing to the idie custom of coachinen and grooms exercising their masters’ horses in this contracted spot. That this dangerous custom ‘should be connived at, or permitted, by the dean and chapter, astonished me; more parti- cularly when I cousidered the great an- noyance it must be to the inhabitants, and the imminent danger it occasions to the young gentlemen educated at the King’s School, who have no oth-r place appropriated to them for their plays ground. It ismuch to he lamented, that some more retired spot, and one better calculated for the purpose, could not be found, But what disgusted me most of all was, that when I passed through the precincts in the evening, to find sucha deficiency of lamps; for [ am very confis dent, that even the inhabitants theme selves, cannot, without the greatest diti- culty, and without the assistance of their own Janthorns, find their way to their respective abodes. This darkness ts pro- ductive of vicious practices; for assicna- tions are made in the streets, and then the parties retire into the Precincts, be- cause ‘* they love darkness rather than fight, and because their deeds are evil.” Therefore, humbly hoping that these abuses will be rectified, and these nui= sances removed, I beg leave to subseribe myself, A Wawberer. To ‘ge ie ‘Poultice Sor Sealds and Burns, Lo the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR, FW NHE frequentaccidents by fire which daily occur, induce me to offer the public, through the medium of your valuable Magazine, the following efgca- cious though simple recipe, which has Jong been used by the inhabitants of Jamaica, and which I have frequently tried, and have never known to fail giving immediate ease, and taking away the inflammation in both burns and sealds, ** Take equal weight of coarse brown or moist sugar, and good-sized onions shred, and beat chem together in a mortar toa pulp, and lay on the part affected.” In violent cases it will be necessary to yenew the above poultice daily. North Shields, M. Watson. Jun. 25th, 1811. —e— To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR, WN addition to the remarks I made sometime ago, relative to the de- fects of pronunciatien in cbildren, 1 hope that the following extracts will meet with the same attention. “‘ The faulty or defective pronunciation of some of.the letters,” says Dr. Watson in the publication of the Instruction of the Deaf and Dumb, “ may, in most cases, be corrected by due attention to the requisite positions of the organs con- cerned in the formation of articulations, unless where these organs are totally de- fective, or very iinperfectly formed; and even then, much may frequently be done towards removing the defect in pronounciag words, by duly considering what I beg leave to term, the mechanism of speech. For, by attention to this, 3t will often be found that one part.of the machine (by being properly applied) will, in a gieat measure, supply the de, fect of another, Suppose, for the sake of example, that a person had lost, or had been born without, the uvula, such a person would turn all the guttural sounds into dental or nasal; that 1s, where c, k, g, &c. were to be sounded, he would sound ¢; d, or ng, for want of that stop which the uvula and back part of the palate form in guttural articu- lations. But teach him to elevate the middle part of the tongue to the roof of the month, instead of the tip of it, or the hack part of it, and he will thereby be enabled to pronounce guttural arti- culations nearly as perfectly as if he had . had no such defect. [April 1) “To youth, those who. mostly require such directions, it willalways be found, that a little shewing is worth a volume of written instructions. Yet I should © recommend to persons having any im- pediment of this sort, a close attention to the positions of the organs of speech, in the formation of the powers af the consonants.” on ( Mr, Smart says, in his, Gram, of Eng. Pron. ‘ It seldom happens, that the in« ability to utter any particular consonant arises from mal-conformation of the. or- gaps; it is generally the consequence of early inattention, or bad example, con= firmed into a habit, Nor is it.a matter of wonder that such defects should be almost as obstinate to be removed as those that proceed from natural causes ; for do not the other organs of the body find the utmost difficulty in performing even the most simple actions, to which they have been unaccustomed? Hence the organs of speech will always find the same difficulty; and so simple a cons sonant as th, which is effected merely by putting the tongue between the teeth and breathing, shall seldom. be correctly ute tered by one who is bred out of England, The force of example in a_person’s fay mily, or in others with whom he has early associated, will, in the same man, ner render dificult such consonants as h,r, ors. For the second we often hear substituted a sound something like 2; and for the last, one resembling tk, which produces what is called a lisp. Such defects may certainly be remedied when nothing material is wanting in the ore gans, by inquiring into the manner by — which the true articulation is accom- plished, and by persevering in every effort to render the organs flexible to. the purpose.” ‘This gentleman also adds in another place, that, “ The lisp may be remedied by. repeating a number of words beginning with s; and (says he) let him be admonished never to suffer himself to. droop under discouragement from a present inability to emit any | particular sound with exactness. . By continually reading over the sounds in which it occurs, and, endeavouring to catch it from the person. who hears .bim pronounce, it may be depended upon that the object will at length be gained,” For he asserts that, ‘¢ it is impossible to learn the sounds of the letters of any language but by imitation; and. lest it should .be thought too tedious, an em- ployment to read lists of unconnected words, the pupil must reflect that by no other other means he would be likely to gain his object. A continual repetition of the same sounds in different words, must be the best w&y to familiarise it. ~ I shall conclude these extracts with the following: ‘* Every good speaker,” says Mr, Smart, ‘‘ must be able to pro- nounce the rough 7 with energy. Many persons, from the force of habit, are, however, utterly incapable of doing this; but substitute a weak sound, not unlike i, or something like dh. Others pro- Nounce it with suflicient strength, but the jar is formed in the wrong hes by the lower part of the tongue against the . palate, not far from the entrance of thee throat, while the top remains inactive. This erroneous formation is sure to produce, at the same time, a disagree- able noise or burr. All these faults are to be corrected by attending to the man- ner in which r should really be formed. Let the pupil begin with. making a buz- zing ngise which constitutes z, propelling his voice and breath with violence. Let him curl his tongue in a_ very’ slight deyree from this position, keeping the middle part stiff, and the top flexible. To assist himself in this respect, he may insert at one corner of his mouth a piece of strong gold or silver wire, so bent as to keep that part of the tongue which makes the improper Jar at a dis- tance from the palate. By observing these directions, and by persevering ef- forts, he will, at some fortunate mo- ment, acquire the true jar of the tongue in which the sound consists; and when this is once obtained, in ever so slight a degree, it may quickly be improved by practice, “Demosthenes is said to have -eured a defect which he had in pro- nouncing r, by endeavouring to sound it with pebbles in his mouth.” I have ever felt it my duty, as an in- structor of yeuth, to pay every possible vattention to this branch of education; nor have iny labours been unavailing. Children cannot be too early corrected of bad habits of pronunciation, for at Mo time will the organs of speech be more flexible. , : _ Sheffield, Feb, 9, 1811. _ P.S. As several of your correspondents mave given their opinion respecting the diss ery of the pernicious acid which is sup- d to be in some kinds of vinegar, I also you mine. If a piece of a tobacco-pipe t has not been in use, be put into the fre till it is quite hot, and immediately put into vinegar, the latter, if it be bad, will make he pipe black or of a dirty colour ; and, if the be good, it will have the contrary “Mow tax Mas. No, 211, Jacop Woop. _ Rules relative to Spectacles. 233 effect.—What is the real cause of the pipe turning black? —= ‘To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR, PECTACLES, by assisting the eyes to converge rays of light, restore and preserve to us one of the most noble and valuable of cur senses. They enable the mechanic to continue his labours and earn his subsistence till the extreme of old age. By their aid the scholar pur- sues his studies and recreates his mind with intellectual pleasures; thus passing away days and- years with delight and satisfaction, which might otherwise have been devoured by melancholy, or wasted in idleness, Spectacles, when well chosen, should neither enlarge nor diminish objects, and should shew the letters.of a buok black and distinct; nor ought they in any de- gree to fatigue the eye. Everyone must determine for himself the glasses which produce the most dis- tinct vision, yet some attention should be paid to the judgment of the person of whom they are purchased. By trying many spectacles the eye becomes fa- tigued in accopimodating itself to the several changes, and the purchaser often fixes on a pair-which is injurious to his sight. People often injure those tender or- gans, and deprive. themselves of future assistance from glasses, by purchasing them of hawkers and pediars, who are equally ignorant of the science of optics, and of the construction of the eye. RULES FOR THE PRESERVATION OF THE SIGHT. ; 1. Never sit for any length of time in absolute gloom, or exposed to a blaze of light, and then remove to an opposite extreme, 2. Avoid reading a very small] print. 3. Never read by twilight, nor by fire- light, nor, if the eyes are disordered, by candle-light, F 4. Du not permit the eye to dwell on glaring objects, particularly on first awa= king in a morning. 5. Long-sighted persons should. ac- custom themselves to read with rather less light, and somewhat nearer to the eye, than is- naturally agreeable; while the short-sighted should habituate them- selves to read with the book as far off as possible. 6. Nothing preserves the sight longer than a, moderate degree of light; too lite tle strains the eyés, and too greata quan- tity dazzles and inflame; them. 2G Do 234 Derivation of the Names * Scots,” * Ptets,” Xe. [April ty 7%. Do not wenr other spectacles: thant your own, to which your eyes have acs commodated themselves, SPECTACLES ARE NECESSARY, — 41. When we are obliged to remove small objects to an increased distance from the eye, to see them distinctly ; 2, When we find it necessary to havé _ more light than formerly ; as, for instance, whien we find ourselves placing the can- dle between the eye and the object ; 3. When, on looking at and attentively considering a near object, it becomes confused, and appears to have a kind of mist before it; 4, When the letters of a book run into one another, and become double and treble; f ; 5. When the eyés are so fatigued by a little exercise, that we are obliged’ to shut them from time to time, and to relieve. them by looking’ at different objects. ' Then ic-will be prudent and necessary to set aside all prudery; honestly con- fess that age. is creeping upon us; that our eyes are an unerring warning; and without ‘coquetry, or apology, ask the optician for a pair of spectacles. For those who live at a distance from large cities, the following modes of calcu- Jating the focus of glasses will prove useful. Rule for calculating the Vocus of Con- ger Glasses.—Multiply the ‘distance at which a person sees distinctly, by the. distance at which he wisles to see, and divide the product by the difference be~ ‘ aween the said distances; the quotient is the desired focus. Ride for Concave Glasses to read and write, for anear-sighted Person.—Multi- ply the greatest distance at whiclr the short-sighted sees distinctly with | his naked eye, by the distatice at which it is required he should see distinctly by a concave glass, and divide the product by ithe difference between the said distances, If it is to see remote objects, the focus should be the saine as that required: for the distance of distinct vision. The preceding observations are va- lvable just id proportion to the value of sight, and to the plersure of seeing dis- tinctly and without pain. Feb. 12, 181%." ~ Common SENsz, ee To the’ Editor of the. Monthly. Magaaine., SIRs N your two last Magazines, I have given derivations of the names Ce/ti, Cymbri, nnd of some countries which gave, Enquis acnominations to these people. - ries into the origin of thes cappellations = had exercised the pens of authors of alt! ages; and it will hereafter be scarcely credited, ‘that men had at length sup- posed these naties to be impenetrable mysteries. In my last, F hinted that Scotland, like all other parts of Great Britain, was a name given from situa- tion. I will tiow trace this name, and’ the word Pict, from their source. : The name Seotland is unknown in im= port, and it has been stated ‘“that Am- mianus Marcellinus, who wrote in. the 4th century, is the first historian who mentions the Scots.” ‘* But'St. Jerom,- ‘in his epistle against Ctesiphon the Pelas gitn, has given a much moré ancient, passage, which he translated out of Pore phyry, who'wrote an’ age before Ammia~ nas, to wit, “ Neither Britain, a province. fertile in tyrants, nor the Scottish nations,. nor the barbarous nations-round about to the very océah, did ever acknowledge Moses and the Prophets.” The word Spain 1s in Spanish Espana 5 I have shéwed its derivation. The syl- latile Es being pronounced like the letter 5, the E is dropped in our spelling of Spain. Scodra, a city of Albania, is now called by the Turks E’scodar, and by the Italians Scutari. Scutari, also oppo-: site Constantinople, is called by the Turks Iscodur. The import of each of -these names may be traced from Js wa- ter, Got, or Cod, an hill, and Ar border. , The same may be said of the letter $ in. Scotland, which is written with an E before it by foreigners, The Es then in’ Esecotia, béing the same as the Hs in Es- pana, &c. will imply water; Cot, ot Cote,. is a French word for a coast, rising, ground, or hill.’ From the name Cot, or €ofe, hill, in Cumberland, this name. must early have obtained in England. Escotia, or Scotland, will therefore imply, the Water, Hill, or High Land, Should it, however, be supposed that the letter S, in this word, is used as Dr. Harris on’ Isaiah. supposes, and which I Nave men- tioned: in a former letter, then Scotland will only imply the Hull or High Land; and’ this exactly agrees with the old term Caledonia, and: shews that new. names ate translations-of older ones. The word’ Scuite bas been suppdsed the etymon: from whence Scot was derived; bat, asiall’ countries are named from their features, and lands were #il settled Wy wanderers,’ nothing but igtiorance of the subject will account for-authors adopting this chiming and inapplicable etymon tor Segtland uny particular. q ‘ae eae : - The Picti, or Pictz, have been said to “ome originally from Scythia, and to have received this name from painting their bodies with different colours, to ap- pear more terrible to their enemies. A colony of these is ce porieg, by Servius, the commentator on Virgil, to have emi- trated to Scotland, where they still pre- erve their name and savage manners. That the Picts painted their bodies, I will not dispute, although I will shew that they took not their name from this cir- cumstance, nor from being emigrants from Scythia; bet, that like all other pro- “#inces or portions of ‘this island, their fame is derived from the features of their lands which they inhabited. © .. The Isle of Wight, of which so much +has'been unskilfully said on its derivation, was called Jctis, Mictis, and Victis, in ~ which the ending in is, is likely to be a ». diminutive, although it may imply water, The root of the first syllable of these names, as well as that of Eich, Bich, Lrick, and Toich, is dc; and these all mean border-land, or land; Victis, Mic- tis, and Ictis, will therefore imply the lit- tle land. ‘The syllables Jc, Vic, and . Mic, took a T to strengthen their sound, in the same-manner .as the Gaelic word Direach, straight, takes a Tin the Eng- ish word Direct, Wight comes from Wicht, or Wicht, For, as G and C are ~ convertible, Wicht and Wight are the same, - In like manner, the word Pict is writ- "ten Pight in Pight-land, atherwise named ‘ent-land, the northernmost corner of _ ‘Beotland: the H-being dropped, which sis disused in many other words, becomes Pigt, and this, by the change of G to C, ~ was written Pict: and hence Pighit-land -was also called Pict-land. ; _I must here observe, that P is called convexity and prominence by writers on the puwer of letters, as in Pic, Peac, - or Peake; and hence P prefixed to En, Jand, will become Pen, Head or Point * Land. In like manner, Pight, Pigt, or Pict, having for its root dc, may-be writ- ~ten Pic, Peac, or Peake, a Wead, or Point Land. - Pigalso, to strengthen the ” syllable, takes.a Tin Pict, as direach did ‘in dwect. The word Pex also becomes ~ Pent in Rent-land, which implies Point- ~~ dand. Pic and Pen, or Pict and Pent,*# then will imply the same, and each mean +. $A. more formal proof might be given, if szequired- See Lloyd’s Archeologia on the head of D and T following NV, - 8811.]. Derivation of the Names “ Scots,” * Picts,” Kc. ( 238 head or point.Jand. The Picts. were therefore the Point-landers, or dwellers on the borders and projecting corners of Scotland. But leaving assertions.on the power of letters, Jet mie give a more probable account of their meanings, The word Aighe, is hill; it is often changed to eighe, or ey, aud to-¢e in pronunciation: with the prefix .B, there.is in Devon a sharp hill named Bee-tor. The letser B {Bee] being then in pronanciation a mame for bill, becomes, with a root for Jand, often a name -for hill land, as in ‘Binn, an hill; in which the root Jn, or Jnn, meansJand only, And, as, Band P were used for each other, P also was the pronunciation of a word for hill; and therefore Pinn, Pin, or Pen, meant the same .as Binn, or Bin: In-like manner the letter D (or Dee,) with En, land, varied to Un, becomes a name for hill land, in Dee-un, which is written Dune. $o.also:C, (or Cee,) which is called Col in the Gaelic, with en, varied to aa, land, becomes, Cee-an, or Ceana, a Head Land. If we suppose ,¢n to unply water, thea Cegnn, will ‘be. the Water Head. But enough for the present on the meanings of prefixes. s There is no doubt that many letters are prefixed to words without giving any variation or addition to their meanings: thus Ann is called Nan. Sometimes also the same letter, prefixed to the'same word, conveys a different meaning, I will here instance the word Dun, which may jean land only, but which is often used for -hilbland: I think, however, ia this case it should always he written Dune, tomakea proper distinction, —Bue to return. A few plains, of no great extent, aré said to betound on the.coast of Scotland, from. whence the ground rises to great heights, or heads, in the middle of tha kingdom. Col, or Cal, then the head or hill, Don, land, and Za, territory, were appropriate terms for this Head, Hill, or High-land Territory. Vhe Cale- donit_ were therefore the High landers, as Ihave already shewn, Oj the contrary, however, it 1s.asserted in Camden that, from the plural of Caled, hard, er Culc- don, this name is derived. And in a note ‘* Kalt, or Kelt,” is defined “+ Cold.” And the word ‘* Chiltern*” follows from “ Gale * Children is often piiviinuinced Childerae Era is therefore a plural ending: from my last letters Ce/ and Ci/, or Chil, is hill, Chide term 236 ‘¢ Gale MSS.” See Mr. Gough’s Cam- den, vol. 4, page 107. It is also stated by a late author, ‘* that the Caledonians were merely the inhabitants of the Ceyd- don, the Coverts, or the Woodlands, The Picti, Pithi, or Peithwi, &c. (for so it is said the name denotes,) were the people of the open country.” Now. the old names of places describe the chief features of the lands; but Caledon, rendered woods, distinguishes not the chief fea- tures of the country; and therefore the Woodlands cannot be a translation. In like manner Pight, rendered the open country, marks no chief feature of such country, and is therefore no interpre- tation. A great part of the globe is allowed to have been formerly covered with woods; they were the clothing of the hills, valleys, and plains; . but they were neither the hills, valleys, nor plains; and, being the attendants on these parts of nature, which were subject in all ages to removal, they were wisely omitted by those who originally gave names. [ will say nothing of the open country; in our times, to avoid research, every chiming word has been adopted. On the deri- vation in Camden, from hard, or hards, and cold, or.colds, I will be silent. “ A. B. ss To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine, SIR, ANT of access to books and lite- rary persons, occasions me to trouble you with the following inquiries. For an answer to them, I should be much obliged to any one of your correspon- dents who has the ability and inclination to give me the desired information. With a just sense of the liberal and im- partial spirit which distinguishes your Magazine. N. March 4th, 1811. In Beausobre’s History of the Reformation, reference is frequently made to some remarks which it was evidently in the author's con- templation to affix to that work. Qu. Were they ever printed, and, if they were, have they found their way into this country ? Dr. Currie (Works of R. Burns, vol. ii. 476, 2d edition) speaks of ‘‘the beautiful story of the Paria,” as being translated in the Bee of Dr. Anderson. Qu. In what volume of the Bee is this translation printed ? ' Dr. S Johnson, in his Life of Pope, (Mur- phy’s edition of Johnson's works, yol. xi. i tern therefore implies the hills: the T in’ Chilt, is used for adding to the sound of the word. New Property of a Plane Triangle. [April g 132,) says, that the ‘* Memoirs of Scrible= rus,” contain particular imitations of the History of Mr. Ouffle.” Qu. What is the nature, and who was the writer, of **the History of Mr. Ouffle;”’ and are copies of it to be purchased ? To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR, > MONGST the Proceedings of Learned Societies in your Nun ber for the month of February, 1809, you have very correctly stated a commus nication of mine to the Royal Society, VIZ. “In every plane triangle the sum of the three natural tangents of the three angles, multiplied by the square of the radius, is equal to the continued procuct of the three tangents. “ii But in the succeeding Number, for the month of March, a correspondent, who signs himself Mathematicus, says, “The discovery of this property does pot belong to Mr, Garrard, for you wilt find it in page 38 of the mathematical’ part of the Ladies’ Diary for the year 1797, in an answer to a trifling question, Now, Sir, I would wish you to insert this forthe information of your corresponds ent, as well as for my own vindication. The property of tangents, which have communicated to the Royal So- ciety, is a general prope of an un- limited radius, whilst that which is in- ferred by the correspondent to the Ladies’ Diary, is confined to the question pro- posed, where the given radius is unity. Also [ have farther to observe, that the. property there used is a postulate, drawn from my original proposition in the se- cond Number of the Scientific Recep- tacle, in the year 1792, which Mathe- maticus may see if he apply to Gale and Curtis, in Paternoster-row, and then I trust he will admit that the disco. very of the property does belong to me. W. Garrard, Royul Naval Asylum. ee To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR, HE Smithfield Club, of whose prizes for the best cattle you have an- nually given an account in your Maya. zine,* at present consists of 277 mem= bers, of whom there are twenty peers, seven baronets and knights, and thirteen members of the House of Commons; the remainder * See a similar account last year, vol. xxixs Pp 106. 4 1811.] remainder being eminent or experienced agriculturists, agents, surveyors, breed- ers, graziers, salesmen, butchers, &e. The judges appointed for awarding the premiums at their last shew were, Mr. Morris Birkbeck, of Wanborough fy Surry, Mr. George Watkinson, of Woodhouse in Leicestershire, and Mr. George Gunning, of Friendsbury in PRIZE OXEN. $$$ qr Mrs. John Westcar’s 6 years and 8 months old _ Herefordshire ox, worked 5} years, fed on hay, turnips, and oil-cakes {Mr. John Jenner’s 6-year old Sussex Ox, fed on grass and hay only . ~4Mr. John Westcar’s 4 years and 10 months old Herefordshire ox, not worked, fed on grass, hay, and turnips Mr. John Price’s 4 years and 7 months old dark-red Herefordshire ox, not worked, fed on hay and Swedish turnips . Mr. James King’s 6-year old Devon aay worked 3 years, fed on hay and oil-cakes Mr. John Warmington’s 3-year old Durham ox, not worked, fed on hay, linseed cakes, and potatoes 2 Mr. Ralph Oldacre’s 3-year old Devon steer, not worked, fed on grass and hay only . His Grace the Dake of Bedford’s 11-year old _ Hereford cow, which hes borne 7 Peat " fed on grass, hay, and oil-cakes es eas ee Smithfield Club’s Prizes for best Catile, Xe. j 237 Kent ; who, after a careful examination of the animals exhibited, and the certi« ficates of their ages, breeds, feeding, &cs adjudged the prizes as in the following list, and particulars of the dead-weights, since. received from the butchers, which I transmit you for insertion. Westminster, Joun Furey, February 7, 1811. Secretary. Loose |-Hide & Beef. | Fat. | Horns.|Head|Feet.| Blood. lbs. lbs. lbs.) Ibs. | lbs. \ Ibs. 1838 | 190 | 119 | 56 | 33 | —— 488 174 BIOS HA5ON4' Bae iy PRIZE SHEEP. Mr. Francts ‘Guy’s 21-months old three _ new Leicester wethers, fed on grass, hay, and turnips Mr, Robert Master’s 32-monthé old three } w Leicester wethers, fed on grass tently His Grace the Duke of Bedford’s 24«mohths ; 1 2 g 3 a old three South-down wethers, fed on gerne hay, and turnips John Boy’s 33-months old Mitce me down wethers, fed on ae mays and turnips . 05 to & Co 0 No. o ~ 2 2 1 9 Mutton} Loose {Blood} Entrail\ Weigh & Head} Fat. |Skin./&loss} &c. | alive. Its. -\ Ibs. | lbs. | Ibs. | dbs. 4 \Jbs. 159 20 | 221) 15 | gt 138$ | 16} | 214)-104| 144 1332 | 20 | 153/13 | 14°} 196 1383) AZ pdr od 18 | 1955 131 17 | 183] 5%] 19% | 1914 1265 | 162] 17 | 52) 184] 1842. 144 A Ni a EO a Za ILE Fats J yr Ee fis 0 i dW Ke 103 14-1 13'|- 95] 194 | 152 124% | a7 | 46°) 108) 4771 185 1164) 15 | 15 | 19 | | 172° 16! | 181 Pork &| Loose d) Butrail) Weight Head, | Fat. |Feet.|& loss} &c. | alive. PRIZE PIGS.. lbs. | Ibs, | lbs. | lbs. | ibs. 4 Ibs, * Mr. George Caswell’s 54-weeks old Here- 1 - fordshire pig, fedon 8 bushels of pease and 266 | 11 4 | 15}| 243 519 - 2 quarters of barley-meal Af F Mr. John Westcar’s 50-weeks oid bluck-and> white pig, fed on skimmed milk and bar- | 312 pt a ap tel ph 8 343 * ley-meal . : . ' “ J i MEMOIRS { 2538 J Roe Le MEMOIRS AND REMAINS OF EMINENT PERSONS, a . Some accounr of the LIFE, CHARACTER, and ovrntons, of ‘the tate auGuUSTUS- HENRY FITZROY, DUKE Of GRAFTON, Rancer of Whittiebury-forest, his MAJESTY’S GAME-KEEPER ut Newmar- Het, wron-srrwann of Dartmouth, a covernon of the Charter-house, @ MEMBER of the PRIVY COUNCIL, © xnicut of the GARTER, CHANCELLOR of the UNIVERSITY of Cambridge, necorpER of Thetford and Coventry, governor of the-rorts in Cornwall and Devonshire, RECEIVER-GENERAL of the Profits of the seats of the KING’S BENCH dnd COMMON PLEAS, also of the prisace of wines, &c. © Uni quippe vacat, studiis odiisque carenti, « Humanum lJugere genus.” Lucan. HE duke’ of Grafton, like those of Richmond and St. Alhans, are-des- eended:from the royal family of Stuart ; and like these have attained the highest: honours ‘in the state. The female ancestor of the Fitzroys was Barbara, aughter.and heir .of William Viiliers, "et Grandison. This lady had deen married a little before the Restora- tion, to Mr. Roger Palmer, then a stu- ‘dent in the Temple, who, desisting from his legal pursuits, and being of a very eompliant disposition, was raised to the honours of the Irish peerage, having peen created earl ‘of Castlemaine, in the 48th -of Charles II. Having put herself under the protection of this gay, @issipated, and luxurious, monarch, the countess of Castlemaine, in 1670, was ereated Baroness of Nonsuch, in Sur- yey, countess of Southampton, in the gounty of Hants, and duchess of Cleve- jand, during her own natural life.* — By this lady he had a son, Charles, born September 23, 1663, ‘to whom His Ma- jesty very aptly gavethe name of Fitzroy. ~ Respecting the precise date’ of the gulject_of this memoir, there is some difference in the Modern Peerages; ac- _.. eoidiny to Collins; he was born in October, and,.if we -are to.credit Edmonson, en feptéember 28, 1786. While Mr. Fitz- roy, he was placed at Hackuey, under * Soon after the demise of the earl of Castlemaine, in 1705, the duchess of Cleve- Jand married the ‘handsome Fielding,” ggainst whom she was obliged to demand the protection of the laws. See;the English edit. of the Memoiss-of the fount de Gram- gmoents the tuition of the late Dr. Newcombe, who had attained considerable eminence for his skill and attention in the edu- cation of youth. After remaining some time there, he was entered of St. Peter’s College, Cambridge, where he did nog however take a degree; having gone into the world very early in life, and engaged earnestly, and perhaps prematurely, in public affairs. In 1756, when just of age, Mr. Fitzroy was appointed a lord “of the bedchamber to his present ma- jesty while prince of Wales; and, iv the course of the same year, he was elected a member of , parliament, first for Boroughbridge, Yorkshire, in the room of the earl of Harrington, and then for St. Edmundsbury,.in Suffolk, » in the place of the first earl ‘of Mans- field, which latter ‘he retained while a commoner. This ‘was hot Jong be. fore’ Iris grandfathers’ death, in May 1757, when he succeeded to all the fainily honours and estates. “His Grace, after a short trip to the continent, wag now destined to run through the career of public employments.. On July 10, 1765, he was appointed one of his'‘mar jesty’s principal secretaries of state,which office he resigned in May, 1766, and, in August following, he was nominated first Jord of the treasury, which post he abdicated Jinuary 28, 1770. On June 12, 1771, he was chosen Jord privy seal, in which depastnicnt We continued until November, 4775; and-in 1762, be was restored to the same office, Notwithstanding their near alliance to the house of Stuart, it is not a little sins gular that the Fitzroys have uniformly _ been connected with, and attached .to, that.party denominated Whigs, the basig of whose conduet either has been, or pres tended to be, the establishment and’ con tinuance ‘of the house of Hanover, on one hand, on the throne of these realms, and the ascertaining, preserving, and exe tending, the liberties of the people, on the other. Accordingly, when Mr, Fitz- roy was of age to sit as a member of the legislature, he acted with what was then termed “the country party” in one house; and after his Majesty’s. accession, joined that great, popular, and dignified, body in the other, called at that day the Minority, which then consisted of some of the frst and most opulent families m England? One of the chief objeotsof their association was to ‘diminish the supposed influenee es 7811.] influence of the eatl of Bute, usually de- hotminated “the Nortliern Thane,” and the ** favourite ;” another to support the constitution in all its integrity. On the dis-’ missioi, o rather the voluntary retreat, of the nobleman just alluded to, his Grace’ accepted of the seals, uidet the patronage of the duke of Cumberland. Gn this occas sion he hoped for the support of the earl of Chatham; but finding that this great patriot was aversé to tle measures of the court, ahd was accustoined to observe énigmiatically “that there was some- thing behind the throne, greater than the throne itself,” he soon after resigned, The arrangements for the next adininis= tration were all made by that eloquent nobleman; and it is no'small proof of the high opinion io which he held the duke of Grafton, that to the latter was assigned the post of first commissioner of the treasury, which, im consequence of the increasing infirmities of the earl, be- ~eame, in fact, that of prime minister. During this period, Mr. Wilkes began to make a noise, and was the first pri- vate individual who, by seciiring popu. larity with the nation, was enabled to cope, first with the ministers, and, finally, in soine measure, with the throne itself. Phinking himself slighted by the duke of Grafton, with whoin he had formerly lived in some degree of intimacy, he boldly attacked both him and the noble éarl his colleague, as “ tools of lord te.” This circumstance, ridiculots as it may appear, proved unfavourable to this administration, and hurt their in- fluence not a little; for the author of the North Briton was now in the zenith of his popularity, and succeeded in all the objects of his ambition, becoming, in turn, knight of the’ shire for the county of Middlesex, sheriff, alderman, and lord- mayor; of the city of London; and, finally, he obtained the lucrative office of cham< berlain. 1 But a writer of still greater talents and feputation now appeared, and directed his keen, powerful, and envenomed, shafts agiinst the minister. This was the still celebrated, although still anknown, au- thor of the Letters of * Junius,” who gom- minced his Jabours in the Public Adver- tiser, Jaiiuary 21, 1769, by a pointed attack on the rbinisters of that day. © Withont much political sagacity, or any extraordinary depth of observation,” says he, “ we need only mark how the prin- opal depattinents of the state are be- stowed, and look no furcher fur the true cause of every mischief that befals us. Phe fisiances of a nation, sinking under 4 a Memoirs of the late Duke of Grafton. ‘the human face. ey its debts and expenses, aré committed to a young nobleman, already: ruined by play. Introduced to act under the auspices of lord Chatham, and left at the head of affairs: by that nobleman’s, retreat, he became minister by accident z bat, deserting the principles and. profes- sions which gave him a moment’s.popu- larity, we see him, from every honour- able engagement to the public, an apos~ tate by design. As for business, the world yet knows nothing of his talents er resolution; unless a wayward wa- vering inconsistency be a-mark of genius, and caprice a demonstration of spirit.” After Junius had tried the temper of his maiden sword on sir William Drapet, and found it proof, he addressed himself” - directly co the duke of Grafton, relative to the * pardon granted by His Majesty, March 11, 1769, to M‘Quirk, for the murder of George Clarke, at Brentford. In letter 12 he reproaches.His Grace, during the time of mobs and tumults, for iidulging himself, “ while prime minister of Great Britaib, in rural retirement, and in the arms of faded beauty, losing all memory of his sovereign, his country, and himself.” In letter 12 he bitterly remarks as follows: ‘ You have better ptoofs of yout. descent, my lord, than the register of a mafriage, or any trouble= some tnheritance of reputation, There are some hereditary strokes of character: by which a family may be as clearly dig» tinguished as by the blackest features of Cliatles the First lived: and died a hypocrite, Charles the Se- cond was a hypocrite of another sorty and should have. died upon the same scaffold. At the distance of a century, we see their different characters happily revived and blended. in ¥our- Grace. Sullen and severe without religion, pro= fligaté without gaiety, you live like Cliarles the Second, without being an diniable companion; and, for aught E£ know, may die as.-his father did, withe: out the reputation of a martyr. ** You liad already taken your degrées. with credit, in those schools in which the English nebility ate formed to virtue;. when you were introduced to lord Cha» tham’s protection, From Newmarket, White’s, and the Opposition, he gave you to the world with-an air of popue larity which young men wusually set out _ with, and seldom preserve; grave ard, plausible enough to be thought fit for * The earl of Rochford was secretary of state forthe home department, and was theres fore the xesponsible oflicer. business; a M10 business; too young for treachery, and, im short, a patriot of no unpromising expectations. Lord Chatham was the earliest object of your political wonder and attachment; yet you deserted him, upon the first hopes that offered, of an equal share of power with lord Rocking- ham. When the late duke of Cumber- Fand’s first negociation failed, and when the favourite was pyshed to the last ex- tremity, you saved him by joining with ah administration in which lord Chat ham refused to engage. he was your friend: and you are yet to explain to the world, why you consented , to act without him; or why, after unit- ing with lord Rockingham, you deserted and betrayed him, You complained that nO measures were taken to satisfy your p2tron ; and that your friend, Mr. Wilkes, who had suffered so niuch for the party, had been abandoned to his fate. They have since contributed not a little to your present plenitude of power: yet, I think, tord Chatham has less reason than ever to be satisfied > and, as for Mr, Wilkes, it is, perhaps, the greatest misfortune of his life, that you should have so many compensations to make in the closet for your former friendship with him. Your gracious master understands your cha- racter, and makes you a persecutor, be- cause you have been a friend.” ‘Phe whole of. this passage consists of bold invective, and elegant declamation, When this celebrated writer condescend-, ed to state facts, he was completely foiled, particularly when he attacked the duke of Grafton for misconduct, as here- ditary ranger of Whittlebury-forest. An author, who many years after that period held some communication with the late Mr. John Pitt, at that time suryeyor- general of the kiny’s woods, writes thus : “ The timber in Whittlebury-forest is undoubtedly vested in the crown, and the right of felling it has repeatedly been exercised. The right to the underwood ~ 38 as clearly vested in the duke of Graf- ton, as that of the herbage at the proper periods in the vicinage. Inthe attempt, alluded to by Junius, to cut down the timber, the deputy-surveyor was stopped by an order from the treasury ; because the felling of the timber at that time, would have destroyed all the underwood, which would of course have been a great injury to private property; and would likewise have deprived the neighbour- hood of the right of commonage for nine or ten years, The timber was no longer withheld from the public service than Memoirs of the late Duke of Grafton. Still, however, [April 1, ’ r a — was absolutely necessary. It had been preserved for that purpose, with an at- tention and an integrity perhaps nob equalled in any of the other royal forests. At the proper period (about nine or ten, years after), the timber was felled, as each coppice.came in the course of cutte ing, according to the rule of the practice . all over England. The surveyor-gene- ral’s report made in the year 1776, of. the state of the inclosures in Lis Majes- ty’s forests, is a confirmation of the. care taken by the duke of the timber for the public service.”* It must be frankly allowed, however, that the administration of the duke of Grafton, if not unfortunate, was assured- ly unpopular ; and, without popularity, no minister in a limited monarchy is capable of filling his office in such a way, as either to give satisfaction to the coun- try, or be enabled to: serve it with due effect. It has been said, that llis Grace was, fairly written down by the joint efforts of Wilkes and Junius; but this is not correct. In the first place, he was: no longer supported by the earl of Chat~ ham, who even in his declining age exhi-~ bited gigantic powers; and, after he had ceased to wield the thunder of the state, smote all around him by the flashes of his eloquence. On the retgeat of that nobleman, lord Camden, whose talents. and integrity had secured the esteem of the nation, happened to differ ip many essential points with the premier, and was therefore suffered to withdraw also. A new chancellor was chante to be found, and Mr. Yorke, whoe* had acted with high reputation as attorney-general, died suddenly, in the month of January 1770.. On this the duke of Grafton, fitid- ing himself bereft of all aid, immediately resigned, aud appeared to withdraw for ever from the bustle of politics to the comforts of domestic privacy. ‘This, however, was not long the case; far, in about eighteen months after, (June 1771,) on the removal of lord Suffolk to the office of secretary of state, His Grace succeeded, him as. lord privy seal. In this office he remained until the month of November 1775. His resig- nation, or perhaps more properly speak. ing, his dismission, reflects high honour on the subject of the present memoir, as it proceeded from an unequivocal avowak ‘of those generous sentiments which must * Biographical, literary, and political, Anec- dotes of several of the most eminent Persons of the present Age, 1797. Se at, ‘ a : 1811.] ‘at that time have ruined all his influence in the cabinet. The duke of Grafton had always been an enemy to the hope- ful project of resorting to coercion, in respect to America. fle opposed the Stamp Act in 1765, with great energy, and was one of those who declared warm- ly in favour of its repeal. No sooner did lord North attempt to gull the coun- try gentlemen, by proposing to throw part of the burthen of the land-tax off their shoulders, and load the unrepre- sented colonies with it, than His’ Grace revolted at the idea, and demanded par- liamentary documents. His motion for that purpose was negatived by his col- leagues, and it was officially signified to him next day, that it was the wish of a great personage he should retire. Ac- cordingly, after having presided as lord privy seal about three years and a half, the duke once more betook himself to a private station, happy in being thus able to confute those writers who had so long accused him as the tool of the earl of Bute; doubly happy in being exempt from the disgrace and remorse of acting as an accessory to the most impolitic, most unjust, and most disastrous, war, that had ever, been waged by the most besotted adnpinistration of either ancient or modern filmes: \ - From this meniofable epoch, the duke of Grafton, resuming the principles which had distinguished his first outset in life, became, in. the true and best sense of the word, a “patriot. He was. seen some- times speaking, andalways voting, against the unhappy and unjust contest with our colonies. Qn that occasion he once more acted with lord Chatham, the earls of Rockingham and Shelburne; in fine, with all who were most dear to, and most respectable, in the nation; and these formed such a compact, formidable, and upright, phalanx, that it was evident they must finally succeed.- Unlike the oppo- sition of the present day, they courted the city of London; they conciliated the : great body of the nation ; they united all in favour of all. Unlike them too, there Were no private interests to be gratified, no unpopular claims to be maintained: the country was to be saved from a most extravagant expenditure, as well as a most odious conflict, and the government itself was to be reformed, so as to prevent the recurrence of: similar calamities. The critical and untimely death of one great man,* alone prevented the com. * The marquis of Rockingham, Montury Mac, No, 241. Memoirs of the late Duke of Graftone 241 pletion of such desirable results. At length, on the overthrow of lord North, and the ministers who supported him, a total change was effected, and the mi-« nority, as usual, became the majority. On this oceasion, the duke of Grafton was restored to his former office of lord privy seal; but he was again obliged to resign, and that very suddenly, As the duke of Gratton now retreated from public strife to the bosom of his family, we shall follow him thither. His Grace was twice married, first in 1756, to the honourable Miss Liddell,* the only daughter of the late lord: Ravens- worth, by-whom he had three sons, and a daughter, From this lady he was divorced in March 1769, by act of pars liament, and she immediately after be- came countess of Upper Ossory. Ina very short time, His Grace chose for ase- cond consort Elizabeth, daughter of the Rev. Sir Richard Worsley, bart. dean of Windsor, and niece both to the late duchess of Bedford, and earl ,Gawer, father of the marquis of Stafford, by whom also he had issue, to the amount of no less than thirteen children, making iv all-se- venteen, and exhibiting such a family as is rarely to be met with.. Amidst the evils that aftlicted either the state or him- self, the duke found a refuge in domestic comforts, while in the society of those dear to him, and in the education of his daughters, as well as the cares incident toa numerous offspring, he found a con= stant and most grateful employment. Other objects also occupied his atten- tion, and occasionally employed his time and his talents, His Grace, in 1768, suc- ceeded Thomas Holles, duke of New- castle, who had been educated at Claré fall, as Chancellor of the University df Cambridge. On his installation, Gray, a naime not second to any of our day in the list of English poets, impressed with gratitude for the professorship of modern history, just conferred upon him, cele- brated the event in an. ode, which was set to music, and performed on that oc- easion. From this we shall extract one or two passages : o_o. ee, * With the first duchess of Grafton, who was mother to the present duke, the subject of this memoir travelled for some time-on the continent. About the year 1762, they re- paired to the court of Turin, where they re mained during eight weeks. On this acca- sion, the duke was much noticed by the king of Sardinia, and the duke of Savoy, -both of whem acknowledged him as their cousin. ait « But 242 « But hark, the portals sound, and pacing forth With solemn steps and slow, High potentates, and dames of royal birth, And mitred fathers in long order go: Great Kdward, with the lilies on his brow From haughty Gallia torn, And sad Chatillon, on her bridal morn That wept her bleeding love, and princely Clare, And Anjou’s heroine, and the paler rose, The rivals of her crown, and of her woes, And either Henry there. : The murder’d saint, and the majestic lord, That broke the bands of Rome: (Their tears, their little triumphs o'er |. Their human passions now no more, Save charity ,that glows beyond the tomb]) All that on Granta’s fruitful plain Rich streams of regal bounty pour’d, And bade these awful fanes and turrets rise, ‘ To hailtheir Fitzroy’s festal morning come, And thus they speak in soft accord, The liquid language of the skies, &c.” *¢¢ 40! Granta waits to lead her blooming band, Not obvious, not obtrusive, she No vulgar praise, no venal incense flings ; Wor dares with courtly tongue refin’d, ~ Profane thy inborn royalty of mind: She‘ reveres herself and thee. With modest pride, to grace thy youthful brow, The laureate wreath that Cecil wore, she brings, And to thy just, thy gentle, hand Submits the fasces of her sway ; While spirits blest above, and men below, Join with glad voice, the loud symphonious lay.” His Grace was a bold, energetic, and decided, enemy to the former and present war with France. He uniformly disap- proved of the principles in which they originated, and deemed them both preg- nant with the most serious mischiefs to the constitution, and prosperity of the empire, When the late duke of Bed- ford, in 1797, proposed a motion for. re~ moving the administration of that day, he was supported by the then venerable duke of Grafton, in a long, able, and most impressive, speech. On that occasion he contrasted the situation of Britain before and after the contest with France; he described her, in respect to foreign relations, ‘ as stript of or deserted by every ally on the continent, that could bring any essential aid;” while, in regard to our interior economy, he asserted, “ that the Bank of England had received ® wound, in spite of the repeated repre. Memoirs of the late Duke of Grafton. [April 1, | 7 sentations of the directors, on, the mise chief which must arise from the immense quantity of bullion exported by, and the large sums advanced to, government; to= gether with a blot which all the waters of Lethe will never be able to expunge, in consequence of the Order of Council for stopping money-payments.” After lamenting the millions of money, and the streams of blood, lavished in St, Domingo, his Grace called attention toe wards Ireland, aud declared that king- dom to be in so critical a state, “* that unless a reform, a temperate reform, in . parliament, avd a full emancipation of the Catholics, together with a total change of men took place, some fatal catastrophe was likely to ensue:” a prognostication which has been since amply verified by fact. ‘* To prevent these greatest of evils” (the subjugation by France), “* ex tending hither,” says the duke, ‘* it will be wise to oppose the only effective re- medy, which I earnestly recommend to the cool and dispassionate consideration of all your lordships: I mean a tempe- rate parliamentary reform in this country, without which the constitution will slip from under us; and the great and saga cious statesman, who delivered in another place that inimitable arguement in favour subject to that decay and corruption which lapse of time would necessarily produce, ‘« Thus bave these ministers, who have hitherto been controlled in. nothing, brought the nation from the upper step of its greatness, down, by rapid degrees, to the lowest, where we now stand, and are looking,up with doubts, whether we shall possess virtue public and. private sufficient to. carry us up the. steep and rugged hill we have in view, and which must be climbed, Is there any one to whom it need be said, that this chain of disasters can no more hare fal« Jen out by chance, and the common fate _of war, than the beautiful globe we walk on could have been produced under an epicurean system, by a fortuitoys concur- rence of an infinity of atoms? No, my lords, let us not condemn chance for our situation, or for our sufferings: the mi- nisters 811.) nisters are before you who brought you hither. Some of your lordships may have given your support from laudable motives ; Lut this confidence has proved fatal, and all support given to the same ministers, from this moment, the public ‘will consider as afforded with open eyes, and therefore calculated to: involvesthem equally with the administration, in the ‘guilt of every future fatal project. ‘© As for myself, I solemnly protest, ‘that no consideration the world can offer ‘would stand in competition with the comfort 1 feel, that so far from having abetted the pernicious counsels which ‘have brought on the downfall of the em- pire, I have, to the best of my little abi- lity, endeavoured by every constitutional means to prevent them.” 4 The following werethe concluding words of the last speech delivered by him in parliament: ‘* Before I retire to fortify ‘my own mind against the calamities which ‘are fast approaching, and to prepare my family for those which they will have probably to undergo, I shall think ita duty incumbent on me to lay before my ‘sovereign the reasons for my conduct ; flattering myself that I shall be allowed that gracioustearing which His Majesty has so ihaeitavives to one, from whose ‘tongue he never heard but the dictates of the heart a8 sincercly as they are now ‘delivered.co your lordships. I shall then with raw: mMY Country-seat, to instruct my chien, and await in awful silence the eventfiperiod which I sce approach- ing {7 ’ Having thus viewed the duke of Graf- ‘ton both as.a father and a politician, we shall next survey him in another point of view, Of late years, the subject of this memoir has been very assiduous in cols Jecting books, and the library left be- hind him contains the three grand desi- derata, being copious, splendid, and se- Ject. He obtained possession of many of the searcest, best, and most esteemed, copies of the classics; these were not locked up with a narrow spirit, and ren- dered accessible to the noble owner, his family, and his friends alone; buc they might have been viewed and consulted by any student, or man of letters, to whom they were likely to prove service- able. His Grace also reprinted an edition of Griesbach’s Greek ‘Testament, under the inspection of the editor, to accom- modate whom, paper for this purpose was sent abroad to the continent, at the duke’s expense. When the work was completed, he distrivuted a great number * Memoirs of the late Duke of Grafton. 245 of the copies, in the most liberal manner; and, to render the circulation still more extensive, consented tu sell the remainder ata low price. He himself also appears to have been an author; atleast two well. written pamphlets have been attributed to him, which assuredly had his assent, and perhaps his corrections, as well as his approbation. The first of these, pub- lished about twenty years ago, is intitled ‘*Hints submitted to the serious Attention of the Clergy, Nobility, and Gentry, newly associated; by a Layman.” The sub Ject includes the church liturgy, and sub- scription ; and, as His Grace frequented the Unitarian Chapel in Essex-street, during the ministry of Mr. Lindsey, as well as of Dr. Disney, and Mr. Belsham, his opinions on this subject may be easily guessed at, The second is entitled Apeleutherus,* The dedication is in- scribed D. O. M. and the preface is an eloquent and able address, -in praise of the desire of knowledge, when cherished witha view to the improvement of moral practice, and the increase of human fe- licity. No doctrine we are told must be so unquestionable, nu authority so sacred, as to bar inquiry. He who is persuaded that every upright man must be happy In every stage of his existence, is no fur- ther desirous of the prevalence of any Opinion, than as it appears calculated to affect moral practice ; and, as to the libe- ral enquirer, he cannot persuade himself to indulge any deep distress about the faith of any man, who knows what it is “© to fear God, and depart froin evil.” As an apology for withholding his name, the author observes, that he honours the bold spirit of a Luther and a Wakefield ; the fearless integrity of a Price and a Priestley: but he confesses himself un- equal to the imitation of these illustrious characters,—he is uoambitious of repu- tation—he courts obscurity—he is de- sirous alone of exhibiting a faithful sketch of genuine christianity. Part 1. is occupied on the subject of public worship, and here he begins by observing, that prayer naturally follows the belief of a God; and to suppose a finite creature living under a sense of di- vine providence, and yet abstaining wholly from any sort of address to him, seems contrary to all experience, and absurd ‘in itself... ‘* But beyond this, beyond the secret, silent, aspiration of the heart towards the source of all good, a A II * amcdevdegos—libertuseea freed man. practice 214 practice has obtained, and that very ex- tensively, and for a length of time, of forming congregations or assemblies, un- limited with respect to numbers, for the purpose of offering public addresses at Stated seasons, to this greatest and best of Beings. These addresses usually em- brace a great variety of subjects and ideas, and are expressed either in extem- pore or pre-composed language; either 1n words enjoined by authority, or agreed on by the congregation, or used at the discretion of the minister: and public rayer, regularly and statedly performed, ie been, and continues to be, strongly recommended as an universally impor- tant duty, from the press, and from the pulpit. “«To reject without reason, a custom sanctioned by venerable authority, would be the extreme of rashness; to continue it without enquiry concerning its reason- ableness, would be stupid servility. ~ It is my design, in the present essay, to attempt this enquiry with seriousness and candour, and in as short a compass as the magnitude of the subject will adinit. “Tn the first place, it will ke acknow- ledged to be the most important and essential character of every verbal ad- dress tothe Deity, that it be, as nearly as possible, a perfect expression of the real state of mind of those who use it. But if it can be shewn, that public prayer, from its very nature, is unsuitable to this purpose, it will follow, that it is not reasonable, \ ‘< Prayer, indeed, may well be’sup- posed to possess this character, when it is the language of a single person, who, feeling his heart happily disposed. for communion with God, has entered into his closet, and shut the door.* But when we consider how. various are the eonditions, characters, views, senti- ments, and feelings, of the several indi- viduals of. a. public assembly, it seems hardly possible that any prayer, much less any lone prayer, can at the same time express the real feelings of the mi- nister, and of the majority, or even of any considerable number of his congre- gation. If I make use of words which are put into my mouth by another, or- attend to words uttered by bim, which express his feelings, but not mine, or those of neither of us, but of him who originally composed them ; this exercise, however ingeniously contrived, or grace- * Matthew vi. 6, fully Memoirs of the late Duke of Grafton. fully performed, cannot be considered as a reasonable service, or as acceptable prayer. i * Again. Prayer may be supposed to express the real feelings of the heart, when it is the consequence of a disposi- tion to pray; a frame of mind suitable to prayer, arising from previous meditation, or peculiar circumstances. Public pray- er, however, demands a fixed time, a certain day, or hour, for offering np ad- dresses to heaven. But surely it cannot be supposed, that religious affections are like bodily appetites, returning at stated seasons, or that piety, or devotion, can be regulated by the figures of a dial, or the tolling of a bell! If the repetition of certain words’ without meaning be prayer, this indeed may be performed at all times, and by all surts of persons ; but if true worship, be what it is said to be in the writings commonly esteemed. sacred, the pouring out of the heart be- fore God,* the praying to him who | seeth in secret,} the benefits to be de- rived from it must be connected with solitude and retirement, and cannot be- long to promiscuous and heterogeneous assemblies. ‘ ‘**Once more. If prayer be the ex pression of inward: feelings, it must en. gage the whole attention and employ the whole mind, Now publiciwership must. either be performed according to a pre- composed form, or in the omy ore lane guage of one of the assembly. Ata per= petually recurring form be made use of, let the experience of those who have assisted at. our liturge worship for any length of time, determine, whether by frequent repetition it does not become a mere simulacrum inane, an empty form, devoid of spirit and of truth, Let the yawning and lolling attendants on the written or unwritten forms of our dis- senters testify, whether they have not found the long prayer, | ** more tedious than a tale twice told, Vexing the dull ear of a drowsy man.” “Tf the latter method, extempore prayer, be adopted, the ability of that man must be very extraordinary, who, while his own mind is directed to hea- ven, is able to pay so much attention to the selection and arrangement of his words, throughout a long service, as to avoid giving pain and disgust to his more calm and dispassionate hearers. So that though public prayer may in some * Psalm Ixii. 8 + Matthew vi, 6. instances (Aptie, 1811.) instances occupy the mind of the person officiating, it can hardly in any case en- gage the whole attention of the audience, or be properly-said to be the prayer of the congregation. “Secondly. Public prayer cannot be reasonable, because the consequence to be expected from it, in a moral view, and in acertain degree, the actual effects of it are pernicious, of which I think it unnecessary at present to mention more than two instances. The one is, that the house of prayer ever has been, and from its nature must be, while it exists, the nursery of hypocrisy, and the theatre of ostentation. “Tn the retirement of the closet, there can be no dissembling. No man can be so foolish as to hope that he can deceive the Being, who is “ acquainted with all his ways, and who understands his thoughts afar off; and from every other eye he is secluded.” Part IT. is entitled, “On Religious Instruction,” and it is there maintained, that the best way of securing the opening mind froin false impressions, ‘‘ is to pre- occupy it with just views and virtuous habits.” - He condemns almost all ygo- vernments, for having hitherto interfered with the sacredright of education; aud parents are supposed to be most proper, and best fitted to, instil precepts of mo- rality into the youthful minds of their own offspring. After remarking that, to the ‘ tyranny of priests we are indebted for the slow progress of truth in religion, in philosophy, and in civil government, we find a fine eulogium on the invention of printing, which is considered the no- blest of the mechanic arts ;” and, from its extension, much good, both in a religious and moral point of view, is predicted. In Part ITI. The author treats ‘of ‘christianity as a supernatural commu- nication,” and seems to think, thatit is not the miracles which are most wonder- ful, but that the perfection of the duc- ‘trine is “ the grand miracle of all,” We confess it is with some pleasure we have beheld a descendant of the house “of Stuart, who might be addressed with- out flattery, as «* Mzcenas atavis edite regibus;”” and a man who also united in -his awn Memoirs of the late Duke of Grafton. 245 person, together with the highest titles and the largest fortune, the blood of the Beauforts and the Tudors, devoting the latter part.of his life to liberal and candid inquiries concerning religion and politics. Let it be recollected also to his honour, that notwithstanding. the many high offices filled by him, and the extensive patronage he more than once possessed, yet the duke of Grafton never secured to himself, his children; or re- latives, any place, pension, or reversion, whatsoever. uy uy In person, he was somewhat less than the middle size, but Jean, slender, and active. His countenance greatly re- sembled that of his royal ancestor; and amidst the delirium of youth, of honours, and of fortune, he at one period might have been thought to resemble him is some other respects. His manners were agreeable, his conversation replete with information; and, as a parliamentary orator, he possessed a most solemn and impressive tone, voice, and gesticulation, In point of dress he was remarkable. His coat was of the colour and cut of those usually appropriated to the Quakers; and he was accustomed to wear a cocked hat, which gave an air of ancient and obsolete gentility to his whole person. Of late years, he addicted himself greatly to agriculture, and that too on an extensive scale; and, if we are to give credit to Mr. Arthur Young, was a most excellent farmer. This is no small praise; but he possessed a title to something far superior—that of being an honest man. His Grace, who died March 14, 1811, is succeeded in his honours aad entailed estates, by George Henry Fitzroy, earl of Euston, and now duke of Grafton, &c. &c. This nobleman was born in 1760, and educated at Trinity-college, Cam- bridge, where he obtained the degree of M.A. His lordship afterwards repre- sented the university in parliament, having been returned with Mr, Pitt, for his colleague, in 1784. In the course of the same year, he married Charlotte Maria, the daughter of the late carl of Waldegrave, by her royal highness the late duchess of Gloucester, by whom he has a numerous issue. SCARCE f'246"] [April 15 SCARCE TRACTS, WITH EXTRACTS AND ANALYSES OF SCARCE BOOKS. 04 It is proposed in future to devote a few Pages of the Monthly Magazine to the Tusertion of such Scarce Tracts us are of un interesting Nature, with the Use of which we may be favoured by our Correspondents; and under the same Head to introduce also the Analyses of Scarce und Curious Books. : a « Ahab, the Son of Amri, did evil in the sight of the Lord above all that were before him.” 1 Kings xvi. 30. i Mya extract is the political part of an old sermon without date, au- thor, or title-page, called Ahab’s Curse. “ Te hath been a custom among us for many years, arising from I know not whence, upon mention of deceased princes, to use the expression of ‘ blessed memory ;’ I shall therefore reflect back upon the lives of some of our kings, that we may see how many of them deserved the memory of ‘blessed.’ And first, for “King James I.—Ile came to the crown of Great Britain in the year 1602, whose father we find it difficult to give you any account of, What I have read of him was this, that Mary queen of Scotland, heing a lusty young widow, marries the Jord Darnly, at which time she had for a reserve, in great favour, an Italian fiddler, and Bothwell, a Scotch lord. After marriage, the queen proves with child; the king, her husband, that was lord Darnly, (enraged by some information) comes into the room when the queen his wife was at supper, and very big, dragsthe Ltalian fiddler into another room, and murdered him, The queen was shortly after delivered of a son, which was our king James. The solemnity being ended, she and Bothwell murdered the king, her husband; the queen mar- riss Bothwell, and all in a moment of time, but they were both fain to fly, the queen into England, where she lost her head, Bothwell into Denmark, and there he dies in prison; and as for his ‘supposed father, he was strangled in his bed by the consent of his mother, and flung out into a garden, “* However he was king, let who will be his father or mother, and although this king was naturally fearful (which kept him from bidod and slaughter), yet was his government tyraunical and arbitrary, and a great hater of parliaments. Story tells us that he was a great blasphemer, and would swear faster than speak. Re- matkable was the blasphemous expres- sion of his to s\y George Keare, one of his gentleman ushers, in the hearing of Monsieur de Boisloire, then residing inEn- gland for the French Protestant princes, how that “the Bible had sent more ‘men to hell than any other book ever did ;” by which means the aforesaid Pro- testant divine, Monsieur de Boisloire, turned Reman-catholic, after he had fifty years professed the Protestant re- ligion. “ At another time at Theobald’s, when all the godly divines (then called Puri- tans) had presented their petition to king James for.the change of church government, he then, kneeling on the ground, and lifting up his hands towards heaven, desired God to curse bim and all his bearns, if he did not do it. I shall make mention but of one more, which is that dreadful curse used by him in his charge to his judges, upon the examination of the murder of sir Thomas Overbury, as followeth: “ My lords, I charge you, as you will answer it at that great and terrible day of judgment, that you examine it strictly without favour, affection, or partiality, and if you shall spare any guilty of this crime, God’s curse light upon you and your posterity; and if { shall spare any that are found guilty, God’s curse light on me and my posterity for ever.’ Ac- cordingly, seven persons were by the judges condemned to die for that murder. Four of the leastaccount were executed ; and, notwithstanding the curse, the three geat ones the king pardoned, and to Somerset himself he was profusely libe- ral all his days. Now how far this curse was entailed, the reader may judge by the sequel: however, this absolute prince, after he had rid and gauled the necks of his people for about twenty-two years, was, by the help of a plaister and powder from the duke of Buckingham, as it was thought, laid into a deep sleep. | Things thus considered, it must be said that James, as well as Ahab, did evil in the sight of the Lord. “After him, in the year 1625, succeed- ed his son, Charles I. that most stubborn prince. History gives us.a large account of his reign and government, which saith, His parliaments he dissolved for their reasonable motions, and rather than he would bg beholden to them, he pawns » his 1811.) his crown and jewels in the Low Coun- tries, which, with the revenues of the crown, was soon consumed by the prodi- gality of the court; and being resolved for an arbitrary government, he consults anew ministry, sir James Lay, newly- made earl of Marlborough, Weston, lord treasurer, and Cottington (all new men of very small beginnings), fit persons to be employed in his arbitrary designs, which was, to raise money without the consent of parliament. The farmers of the cus- toms he compels to answer his demands ; the city of Salisbury is pressed with a loan of 1000I. the city of Bristol with 80001. which, by some aldermen of the city was denied, for which they were laid by the heels until the king had the money. Several of St. Clement’s Danes, the Savoy, the Duchy, and other parts within the Liberty of Westminster, for refusing to subscribe the loan, were im- pressed to serve in the king’s ships; many of great rank were committed to prison, and the meaner sort were enlisted for soldiers, Sir. P. Hayman, for re- fusing the loan, was sent into the king’s service ; yet all this served not to defray his court expences, and therefore another parliament was thought fit to be sum- moned in the year 1626, which was no sooner done, but the house of commons charge the duke of Buckingham with the death of king James, his father; but the king, as it is thought, being too sensible of that matter, to make all sure, sends to prison sir Dudley Diggs, and sir John Elliott, the chief managers thereof, when proofs and examinations were all ready, and then in a great rage dissolves the parliament, saying with a stern com- portment, as he was disrobing himself, * that-it should be the last time that ever he would put them on.” See the natu- ral obstinacy of this most unhappy prince, who, in despight of the justice of *the arliament, would not suffer so much as his own father’s death to be called to an account; yet did the Lord, in his own time, bring to judgment that crying sin of blood; for that justice that the king denied, God sent by the hand of John Felton, who stabbed this duke at Ports- mouth with a ten-penny knife, that he instantly gave up the ghost with these words, ‘Gods wounds! I am slain,’ * And so absolute was this prince, that he published a prociamation prohibiting the people, so much as lo talk of another parliament, the which was punctually ob- served for ten years together ; insomuch, that all wise men then conjectured, that a) wey Scarce Tracts, &e. 47 the liberties of the kingdom were buried together with the interment of all pars laments; in which time the king raises money without the leave of his subjects, and against the known laws of the king- dom, with that rigous, as if an act bad passed for the same purpose; the mers chants were oppressed, and great impo» sitions were laid upon thread ; vast sums of money were raised upon the law of knighthood, with projects of all kinds, many ridiculous, many scandalous, and all very grievous: and yet such was lis indigency, that he borrowed of all the principal gentlemen wherever he came, But, though be borrowed, yet he paid it not again. Delinquents were protected and encouraged; and, though Dr, Man- waring’s books were suppressed by pros clamation, and himself disabled by res sistance, yet was he pardoned and pre ferred to a good living. Archbishop Abs bot was sequestered from his office, for refusing to silence Dr. Sibthorp’s ser= mon, and his soldiers committed great outrages, without redress. And now was the state of the Protes« tant religion reduced to the worst’ step of the conformity ef Rome; tor masses and mass priests were not only permitted in the face of the-court, but throughout the kingdom; not only in a tacit cons nivance, but in an open way of tolera- tion. It was also this picus and blessed martyr, that published a deciaration for prophaning the Lord’s Day, by spoils and pastimes. You may then judye what a Protestant be was, not only by this, but his cabiriet letters at Naseby ; his hearti- ness to the Protestants of Rochel, and that massacre in Ireland, in the year 1640, in which two hundred thousand souls were cut off: why should he be s6 pitiful and solicitous to have those Irish rebels spared, if he were not conscious that no man was more guilty than hime self. The king having thus far waded in the depth of his arbitrary strains, squeeze ing his subjects as long as there was any thing to come, is at length, by his own extremity, and the importunities of the people, prevailed upon, after ten or twelve years, to call another parliament; and this his last parliament was summone from York, November 3, 1640 and sat down at Westminster; but the king, per- > §, pers ceiving them to fly high at his chief mi- nisters and work*masters of his former arbitrary projects, for high misdemea- nours, (to cross the parliament) defends and protects them, and withal takes an ’ occasion 2435 occasion agaipst five’ of the members of the house, Mr.. Pym, Mr. Hampden, Mr. Hallis, Mr. Stroud, and sir Arthur Haslerige. Those he sends his warrant for, but upon secret notice they got out of the house. The next day, being the 4th of January, the king comes after a liosule manner, and enters the house, attended with bis guards and three hun- dred armed cavaliers, most of them of desperate forlorn fortunes, to the great surprise of the parliament; but, finding himself disappointed in his expectations, after some severe threats, departs, and within a few days leaves his court and parliament; and, notwithstanding the many entreaties for his return, he con- tinued his residence at York, where he set up his standard against his parlia- ment, arraying the poor people against themselves, to the slaughter of many hundreds of thousands of poor innocent souls, merely to satisfy the lust and plea- sure of a wilful stubborn king, a strange passion in this prince, when no power will content him but that of absoluteness to be master over the lives and fortunes of his subjects, but this at last proved his own overthrow. For after eight years’ wars with his parliament, in the year 1648, he was taken, arraigned, con- demned, and beheaded at his own door; the saine place where the first blood was spilt by his own servants, the cavaliers ; and those two tools, the earl of Stafford and the archbishop of Canterbury, were Loth doomed to the block, as being trai- tors to their country. I have only this to say, if I may believe history, that this king was aman more beloved, honoured, and obeyed, than any of our kings before him; and yet a prince that raised and wasted more treasures, wilfully spilt more innocent blood, divested more the lands and habitations of his subjects, ruined more families, and more em- broiled this gallant nation, than any since the coming in of the Norman race; and yet he lived a saint, and dyed a martyr 5 and, (if you please) of blessed memory, The next to this was Charles II. or the Royal C——y, who began his reign ia the year 1648. And now comes in the devil and all his works; for here’s a man given to luxury and uncleanness, as many living witnesses can testify. With this prince entered a flood of debauchery, atheism, and all manner of prophane- ness} the land was overflown in all parts with quarreling, fighting, swearing, cur- Aug, drunkeilltle, and whoredom: the Scarce Tracts, Kc. [April 1. ? roads, the’ streets, ‘and houses, ringing with dammes, and strange new-invented blaspheinies; obscene discourses every where abounding, which could. not other- wise be expected, when we had so great a person for our pattern; for, like prince, like people, regis ad exemplum, &c. peor ple dress themselves by the looking-glass of their prince. New were their plots of all kinds, by which many a brave man was cut off; aud bloody designs against Lolland, thouyh all the while in league with them; all plans, civil, military, and ecclesias- tical, were filled up with men of pro- phane lives. He was an hypocrite, a covenant-breaker, and a bluody per secutor.. Historians say, that, upon the restoration of this king, certain dissenting ministers were sent -over to Holland, among which was the Rev, Mr. Case; who, coming to the king’s lodging, and desiring to be admitted into his presence, were led into a chamber nest his closet, and told withal, that the king was busy at his devotions, and they must stay until he had done; and, being thus Jett-alone, and hearing a sound of groaning piety, Mr. Case steps to the closet-door, where he hears the king pray thus: ‘ Lord, since thou art pleased to restore me to the throne of my ancestors, grant me a heart constant in the exercise and pro- tection of thy true Protestant religion, Never may [seek the oppression of those, who out of tenderness of conscience are not free to conform to outward and in- different ceremonies ;” with a great deal more to the same purpose ; at which Mr. Case was exceedingly transported, and with eyes aud hands lifted up, tells the rest of his brethren, that they had gotten an angel of a king. All this was done in hypocrisy, as appezred by his carriage alterwards; for, notwithstanding that covenant that he.made with them, he turned out two thousand godly ministers of their churches, on the day commonly called ‘Black Bartholomew,” alter which, what severe and cruel laws were there executed against them, breaking open their doors, rifling their houses, seizing their estates, casting them into filthy prisons, where, by close .confine= ment, inultitudes of them perished: many were convicted without hearing, or jury, and some were put to death for their conscience sake; the mecting-houses were shut up, while the k——y h——s were open. Yea, and dissenting ministers were probibned 1811.] Extracts from the Portfolio of a Man of Letters. prohibited from dwelling within ten miles of any city, town-corporate, or borough, or any place where Hee had preached since the act of oblivion; nor were they suffered to teach school by themselves, or any others, Yea, women were forbid the same, until they had taken the test. Thus the king continued to persecute 249 many of the people of God, whilst him- self made provision for the flesh, to fulfil it in the lust thereof; but how he died is best known to. God, and those wlio were about him, of whom it must be said, that he did evil in the sight of the Lord, above all that were before him.” Extracts from the Portfolio of a Man of Letters. a ' FRANCIS THE FIRST. HE following anecdote of Francis I. during his imprisonment at Madrid, is related by Bayle, though he does not vouch for its authenticity. The captive monarch, ac a game of chance, won the money of a grandee of Spain, who de- manded his revenge. This, Francis thought proper to refuse. The Spani- ard, enraged, threw down his gold upon the table, with a furious and insolent air. *¢ Thou has reason in what thou doest,” ex- claimed he; “ this money will serve to pay thyransom.” The king, incensed-at this Insult, drew his sword, and ran the cava- Vier through the body. ‘Vie emperor, when informed of what had passed, re- plied to the relations of the deceased, who solicited him for vengeance, ‘ Pran- cis did right; a king is a king every where! — ' Francis was treated by Europe with unjust contempt for his generosisy to- wards Charles V. his great rival and enemy, who had requested his permis- sion to pass through France in his way to his Flemish dominions. It was in vain that his courtiers endeavoured to prevail on Francis to break his promise with the emperor, and to seize his per- son, till he had extorted from him cer- tain concessions which Charles had flat- tered him with the hope of obtaining. “ When faith, (answered Francis, nobly), shall be banished from the world, it is in the hearts of kings that she ought to find an asylum.” Charles ill repaid the generosity of his illustrious adversary; and tarnished, by his ingratitude and duplicity on this occasion, all his laurels, Francis was unfortunate in a too-im- petuous and sanguine temper. The ap- parent inactivity of the Spaniards be- fore the siege of Pavia, so fatal to France, had confirmed him in his pre- sumption, He one day asked of Bon- bivet, ‘* What had till now become of these lions of Spain, by which he found himself vanquished?”—** They slept, » Mowruty Mac. No. 211, © sire,” replied the admiral, “and your ma jesty has at length awakened them.” In 1515, Francis had nét yet com- pleted his twentieth year, when he was present at the celebrated battle of Marignan, which lasted two days. The marshal de Trivulce, who had been in eighteen pitched battles, said, that those were the play of infants; but that (his of Marignan was the combat of giants. Francis performed on this oceasion pro- digics of valour; he fought less as a king than as a soldier. Having perceived his standard-bearer surrounded by the ene- my, he precipitated himself to his as- sistance in the midst of lances and hal- berts. He was presently surrounded ; his horse pierced with several wounds ; aud his casque despoiled of its plumes. He must have been inevitably over- whelmed, if a body of troops detached from his allies, had not hastened to his succour. He hazarded this battle against the advice of his generals, and cut short all remonstrances by the ce- lebrated expression, which became af- terwards proverbial, Let hin that loves me, follow me.” After the defeat of the French at Pavia, where Francis fell into the hands of the emperor Charles V. he announced his misfortune to his mother Louisa of Savoy, in the following concise and sublime billet: §¢ Madam, all is lost but our honour !'” Francis, by the advice of the celebrated Budé, instituted a royal college, where the languages and sciences were taught. lie collected a great number of valuabla manuscriptsy and began to form chat fine and magnificent library, which be- came afterwards one of the first in the world. Uis taste for the sciences, and the protection which he afforded to those whio cultivated them, obtained for himthe glorious title of the Restorer of Letters, atitle not less valuable #fign that which was also given to him, QF Father of his People, ail aac The 250 Extracts from the Portfolio The reign of this prince was that of gallantry and generosity, but the more profound policy, and persevering ta- lents, of his rival Charles V. threw a shade over the lustre of his name, ANECDOTES OF HENRY IV. OF FRANCE. Heury, king of France, having one day attended mass, and being about to ap- proach the altar ofcommunion, MI. de Ro- quclaure, regarding this as a favorable moment to obtain a pardoh for one of his relations, who had offered violence toa magistrate in the discharge of his duty, threw himself at the feet of the king, and supplicated lum, for the love of that Being, whose body he was about to receive in the sacrament, and who had promised forgiveness to the merciful, to extend grace to the culprit, who was ready to throw himself upon his clemen- cy. Regarding him witha severe aspect, “Go,” said Henry, “ and leave me at peace: I am astonished that you should dare to make to me a request of this nature, when I am going to protest befure God to do justice, and to implore pardon for having at any time omitted so todo.” » During the league, Henry having Jaid siege to the town of Chartres, the be- sieved, after a long resistance, came at Jenyth to the resolution of surrendering themselves, The magistrate, on his ap- pearance before the conqueror, began a tedious harangue, which he had been for some time meditating, by declaring that the city, in submitting to his majesty, acknowledged his divine and his human rights: “* Add (said Henry, interrupting him, and quickening his pace to enter the town,) the rights also of my cannon.” The Swiss being on the point of re- newing their alliance with France, the provost, the merchants, and the sheriils, wished to give a f@tival on the occasion, and, for the purpose of furnishing the Mecessary expense, requested of Henry Permission to lay an impost on the cis- terns and fountains. ‘* Search,” replied the good prince,‘ for some other means of effecting your design; I do not chuse to regale my allies at the expense of my people; it belongs to God to change wa- ter into wine.” PHYSICIANS. The Romans. having banished from Rome the Greek physiciaus who had signalized themselves in peopling the re- gions of the grave, the ollowing reflec- forr was made by Cato. “ The Grecks, jealous of the glory of the Romans, and leefiig unable to conquer them in- the of a Man of Letters. [April 1, open ficld, have sent their executioners, who kill us in our beds.” J The obscurity and uncertainty in which the study of medicine has been involved, has, in all ages, been de- structive to the homan species. Ft can scarcely be doubted, that shoulda calculation be made respecting the niim- bers injured or benefited by the medical art,’ the balance would preponderate avainst the physician. Systems, to which the human mind is s0 prone, are in this profession peculiarly dangerous. During the reign of Lewis XIV. it it was the fashion in France, and in many parts of Europe, to bleed the patient in every disease, whatever might be its symptoms or nature, Madame de Sevigné, in her Letters, speaks of the Chevalier de Grignan, a relation of the family into which her daughter had niare ried, who was setzed with the small-pox of the most malignant kind, and attended with putrid symptoms, ‘Fhe physicians immediately had recourse to their fa- vorite remedy of blood-letting, tle re- petition of which the patient, from the dreadful aggravation of the sufferings which he experienced, in vain en- deavoured to resist. After having been bled eleven times, he vielded to the at- tacks of the doctor and the disease, and expired a Victim to obstinacy and igno- rance. J LOUIS THE FOURTEENTH In the affecting catastrophe which took place in the family of Lewis XIV. whew, at an advanced period of life, he suffered, within a few days, the affliction of losing his grand-son and grand-daughter, (the dauphin and dauphiness of Franée) with their infant son, it is evident that, from improper treatment, these illustrious per- sonages, the darlings and the hope of France, had, from their first seizure, no chance of recovery. ‘Their malady, Which seems to have been a contavious fever, attended with a malignant erup- tien, was, with the food credulity of ‘an ignorant and credulous age, imputed to poison. To this suspicion, of which there was neither evidence nor proof, the duke of Orleans, afterwards ‘regent, had nearly fallen a victim. If you have need of ‘a physician, (said an ancient sage,) there are thrée'to'which you may have recourse : a tranquil mind, exercise, and temperance. his alse was the idea of M. Dumoulif. This celebrated physician, when in the’agos Wies of death, and surrounded by his brethren of the professien, who ba 4 ‘7 rt t 2 1811] Extracts from the Portfolio of a Manof Lellers. 251 the loss they were about to sustain, de- clared that there would stil] remain after his decease three great physicians. On being pressed to name them, each pre- sent flattering himself with being one of the three, the dying man replied,** Water, exercise, and diet !” "'A SKILFUL DOCTOR. A humourous story on this subject, is related in a French writer. A lover, whose mistress was dangerously ill, sought every where for a skilful physi- cian, in whom he could place confidence, and ro whose care‘he might confide a life sv dearto him. In the gourse of his search, he met with a man possessed of atalisman, by the aid of which spirits might be rendered visible. The young man exchanged for this talisman half his possessions ; and, having secured his trea- sure, ran with it to the house af a famous physician, Fiocking round the door he Leheld a crowd.of shades, the ghosts of those persons whom the physician had killed. The same vision presented itself, more or less, at the houses of every phy- sician of eminence inthe city. One at -length was pointed out to hinyin a dis- tant quarter of the town, at whose door he only perceived two little ghosts. ‘* Be- hold,” exclaimed he, “ with a joyful cry, the good physician of whom T have so Jong been jn search!” The doctor, asto- nished, asked how he had been — able to discover this? * Pardon me,” said the afflictedilover, complacently, ‘* your abi- ‘lity and your reputation are well known to me.” “ My reputation! why 1 have been in the city but eight days, and in that time I have had but two patients,” MEDICAL BDUCATION. Tt is certain that the knowledse of medicine is involved in many ditticulties, has advanced slowly, and is far behind that of every other science. Yet the improvements which have taken place in ’ modern times, and the substitution of experiment for theory and system, affords to future generations a happier prospect. “The principle of a late interesting publica- tion,* the prevention of diseases,by.a phy- sical education, or-the diffusion of »phy- siological knowledge, is peculiarly de- serving of encouragement and’ praise. The arcana of this profession, like all other mysteries, has covered infinite ini- quity and mischief. ‘To those disinter- “ested men of genius who, have unveiled truth, and simplified the sciences, the wtieer *noveldt es * Beddoes’ ‘Health, iy gela, or Popular Legions on world will be indebted for light and hap- piness. ' TOLAND AND BEAUSOBRE. At the beginning of the last century, “the queen of Prussia maintained a pr- vate chapel at Charlottenburg, where Beausobre, a learned minister among the- Protestant refugees, and his colleague, alternately officiated in French. One Sunday, in October 1701, at the close of the service, her Majesty invited Beau- sobre, as usual, to join a conversation< party, which assembled, at dusk, in her apartinent. On Beausobre’s arrival, the queen rose from the card-table, and in- troduced him to Mr. Toland, the cele- brated Irish antichristian writer, who had been dining with the king. “ Here is a stranger,’ said the queen to Beau- sobre, “who attacks the pillars of our faith, and doubts the very narratives of Scripture.” Beansobre urbanely wel- comed the conversation of Voland, hint- ing, however, that he thought ita foible to assert the esprit fort; and that rash opinions, if excusable to the courage and curiosity of youth, should, at a certain age, grow mute belore the prudence and learning of maturity. Tt was the obvious wish both of her majesty and of the company, to promote some wrestle of ‘intellect between two champions so wor- thy of the respective causes. Toland was forward to engage in the contro- versy. He observed, that the Protes- tants were inconsistent. in not going further with their reformation; that they retained a mysticism of creed, and a ca- talogue of miracles, which, ‘if the Scrip- “tures were reduced to their historic value, could not be supported ; that they had no reason to trust in the gospels, save that the church of Rome had selected them for veneration ; and-that they were equally bound to-trust any other legends which the same church.recommendca to the faithful. Beausobre replied, That the general'tenor of Scripture favoured a creed approaching the Protestant; that the reverence of antiquity forthe gospels Was a strong proof of their proeeeding from the men Whose names they bore ; that the truth of the facts recorded, was to. be appreciated by inquiring, whether Peter, and Matthew, and John, were competent witnesses ; and that the au- thority of the church of Rome was like that of an archivist to the deeds he edits; the documents might occasionally prove what the nh did not infer, « Yes,” said Toland, “ and it is so that I would use them, Of legendary writ. ’ 1S 252 ings we have a vast mass; the natural facts are usually true; the supervatural relations are, as usually, flourishes of the narrator, Why not apply this style of commentary to the gospels, rejecting the annunciation, ‘the ascension, and the other supernatural descriptions; receiv- ing the crucifixion, the resurrection, and the other natural facts?’— You class the resurrection,” asked Beausobre, ‘* arnong the natural facts ?”—“ Surely so,” an- Original Poetry. [April 1, swered Toland; “ there was nothing in the crucifixion to endanger life itself; unless .”—* Eh quoi! vous ne croyez pas a la mort de Jesus Christ !” exclaim- ed the queen, in violent perturbation ; *€ i donc, Mousieur Toland, il ne faut pas nier ainsi une histoire averée.” And thus»royalty awarded, as usval, the palm of victoty to piety and priesthood.— See this dialague, in greater detail, in the Bibliothegue Germanique, vol. vi. fn 0 en a A eh nN on et | ORIGINAL POETRY. Ee VERSES, WRITTEN AT MIDNIGHT, BY THE REV. I. PROCTOR, DURING A LATE SEVERE IN DISPOSITION. NIGHT's sable curtain now surrounds the sky, Sacred rites houts to health-restoring sleep; Yet, ’midst chis scene of solemn silence, I, Unhappy man, perpetual vigiis keep: 1 seek the god : he hears me not; he flies; And thus I prayeeyet thus I pray in vain: «Oh! let thy balmy slumbers seal mine eyes! Oh! grant one moment's short release from pain!” Vain my entreaties! quick he flies from woe! I trace him to yon trav'llers lonely shed, Where, stretch’d at ease, the Jab’ring peasants know A sound repose, nor hard their straw-made bed. Weary and restless, sure the hours move slow, In health and ease they oft too swiftly run 3 The village cock, when shall I hear him crow ? ; When shall I see the day-creating sun ? Vain wishes all ! still dreary midnight reigns, And now pale spectres quit th’ abodes of Death ; In Fancy’s eye they skim along the plains, a. haunt the place where they resign’d their breath: ‘i My spirits sink a prey to gloomy fear! Now Theft and Murder stalk beneath the sky: Ps Hark! i a distant noise invades my ear, A light pale glimm’ring meets my af- frighted eye: No, ’tis illusion all! - Vain is my fear! All-gracious Heaven! Thou guardian of “thejust; | 4 Make me (tho” undeserving) ‘still ‘thy care 5 Nor blast my hope, nor’ disappoint my +59 trust, dat ‘4 Secure and calm then shall 1 pass these hours, OF, if I'sleep or wake, I need not fear : Nay, seiz’d by death, with all its frightful t pow'rs, : What can I dread?=-My God is with me ' there! STANZAS. AND can you, Laura, say I feign And idly sing a mimic pain, And seek but to betray ? | Ah! no, the blush that stains those cheeks, A gentler, kinder language, speaks, And fondly bids me stay. Oh! place me where no summer’s breeze, Shall ever fan the dying trees, But tempests how] around 5 Where Nature fails beneath the héat, And burning sands assail the feet That seek to press the ground. Yet while I live, I live for thee, Whate’er my wayward fate may be, For thee, and love, I live ; Without thee, pleasure turns to pain, And every other joy is vain, Save those which thou can’st give. a TO AN EXOTIC. TENDER nursling of my care, Hast thou brav’d the wintry blast Batt’ring sleet, congealing air, ? Thus at Spring to droop at last ? Many.a night-storm howling dreary . Vainly rag’d around thy shed, Many a keen morn’s breath austere Fail’d to bow thy shelter’d head.- Ah! a counterfeit of Spring, Soothing with deceitful breath, Hid beneath a Zephyr’s wing Shafts of winter—shafts of deaths Phebus lent a treach’rous ray, ’ Luting confidence and joy ; Lufing only to betray,’ " Warming only to destroy. Mr chytad Then thy soft dilating heart, Gave its shvots, and shed its fears Swift the phantom hurls her dart, 2 As in the clouds she disappears, : Gentle 1811.] Gentle alien toa sky Ever varying its state, Tho’ its native, still must I Share thy feelings and thy fates ‘As contending winds prevail In the elemental strife, Straining, slack’ning, they assail All the trembling strings of life, Sinking, then my languid eyes Fail my spirit to amuse ; Wearied, fainting ere they rise, Exercise my limbs refuse. And as ev’ry season’s course Inthe change of one we see ; Ere ’tis seen, I feel its force, Shrinking, withering, like thee. E. A, ——_2—— ODE TO PEACE. STILL must fierce Mars pervade the main, And pallid Discord *cross the plain Urge on her fatal car; Most blood distain the peaceful mead, And de:dlited regions bleed, Beneath the hand of War? Patents lately enrolled, 253 Must still the Muse hear groans of death, Behold the warrior yield his breath, Deserted on the plain 5 See heroes fall, and many a flood Swell’d high with slaughterd legions® bloed, Run gory tothe main? Oh! Peace, thou maid of heav’nly birth, Come, shed thy blessings o’er the earth, And wave thy magic wand 5 Deep in the gloom of native ‘hell, Fierce Rapine, hideous fiend, expel, And Discord’s ruthless band, The lab’ring peasant hails thy charms, No more he hears the din of arms, Nor fears the wasting sword ; But views with glad, exulting eyes, ‘The golden harvests round him rise, And Plenty crown his board. Where’er thou goest, fell tumult fails, No more the Corsair spreads his sails, ' On schemes of plunder bent ; At once tbe universal friend Upon thy footsteps e’er attend—— Joy, Ereedom, and Content. E. Duncannon, PATENTS LATELY ENROLLED. —— a MR. JOHN WHITE'S, (WESTMINSTER,) for the Discovery of a certain Substance, which is cupuble of being converted into Statues, artificial Stone, Melting Pots, Bricks, Tiles, and every descrip- tion of Potlery. NHE nature and description of this invention, are thus set forth: In- stead of potters’ clay, or other argilla- ceous earths, which are dug out of the ground, and used in the manufacture of bricks, tiles, &c. Mr. White takes from the bed or channel of the river ; Thames, er from the creeks; cavities, &c. into which that river flows, near the metropolis, and parts adjacent, within the reach of the tide, sach portions of the deposit or alluvial soil which sub- sides in the said river, and the creeks, openings, docks, cavities, and places, aforesaid; and which, by various re- searches and experiments, he bas found 10 consist, for the most part, of argilla- “ceous earth, clay, or chalk, and sand, from the uplands, with materials of the ~ mature of pit-coal, ashes, sand, with the remains of organized matters, and which is the substance before-mention- ed. Mr. W, sejects, in preference, such parts of the said deposit as upon exa- Mination he finds to be gost clear of worms and aquatic animals, and mast efit for the purpose of waking statues, &c.; and he alters, modifies, and im. proves, the same, by the addition of such proportions of natural clay | and sand, or either of them, as inay be needful, and as may be easily ascertain- ed by any competent'workman, by such trials, as in all such cases are needfal to be made ih the art of pottery and brick-making; and he places and dis- poses the masses so selected upon any sloping ‘bank or ‘stand, in order thar the water may drain. therefrom, and then he applies the same to the pur- poses of his manufactol'y, as in the usual cases of trade. —— MR. RICHARD WILLCOX’s (LAMBETH,) for ~ sundry Apparatus or Machinery, for the Manifucture of Felt, or Stuf Hats, &c. The invention consists of a method of holding down, or confining, the fur or wool during the operation of cutting or separating the fur from the pelt, aud a method of effectually and con- veniently removing the same after it is so eut and separated. First: the skia being held down, or confined to the sur- face of the roller, on which it is advan. ced to the knife, “1 propose,” says the patentee, “to hold) or press down the tur by the -application of an apparatus which f call a drag, or some of the other 254 : ether similar contrivances, moderately pressed on its surface ; this disposed either in a position parallel with, or in- clined to, the axis of the large roller, is placed edgeways, or inclined .to. it, may he composed of iron, of the ocher simple metals, of a composition of them, or of wood, and is either simple or compounded of different pieces, as the dimensions or other circumstances of the work may be found to require ; and to this Ladd an apparatus which I call a rake, and by this I propose to remove the fur from off the pelt, after it is separated by the action of the knife; aud the drag, constructed so as to accommodate itself to, and prodyce an uniform .pressure or ‘holding onthe fur, notwithstanding its. inequalities of thickness; and to produce this, .L,preter and adopt ,an edge-bar, pressing, with its edge on the fur, and composed: of three distinet™parts, thus: Two outer pieces forma case» somewhat similar to'that of @ pocket-comb, and a middle piece is placed between them, and pro- jecting edgeways-below theur;--tns~ 1 make of about one inch deep, and about one-eighil thick, and its projec: tions below the case about Sths ot an, ach, Ut isgeeured toit by, two, or.more ivets, ene or two inches from each jond, it jis filed smooth on the edge ewhiel) lies in eantact with othe far, and thus shorld be alittle rounded ; by this means the middle piece will, with oa moderate degree of pressure, spring on its edge, and so, accommodate itsell to those skins which jave thicker at, the middie than) the edges, and when ofan uniform substance, will remain parallel. The materials 1 find, best for this .pur- pose, are steel ,and-iron. welded together ; athe ,ateel part in contact with the fur. "To remove the furtrom the drag, 1 use the drag before-meationed, and formed »@ither on-the principle ,of the drags or .in other cases, a, piece of steel, or steel “and iron placed .edgeways .and brought to a knife-edge, which is afterwards a little taken down by arfile or fine grind- stone.” In applying this apparatus, the imaehinery to work the drag and yake may be made of any of the well- known. eccentric .motions,, or .cranks, gwheels, &c. jand connected by. any of the well-known methods of .communi- gating motion to different shafts. ~The \effects.of this apparatus are: (that. at each stroke of the engine the edge of .the sake -comes into contact. with the vedge.of the drag, and pressed on the Putents lately enrolled. [April 1, skin, so as to relieve it in some degree from the weight of the drag, and as the rake recedes by the eccenuric motion, draws away the fur cut off; the drag now presses on the fur, while a second stroke is made, and another portion of fur cut, while the rake is raised by its machinery, sufficiently high in its back- stroke to be clear of the fur, and fall the next stroke in contact with the drag as before, and is again ready to draw away the fur about to be cut. The patentee next explains all the drawings attached to the specification, and shews ‘the manner in which they act; aud he adds: “I declare, that the description of the apparatus, and their parts, is the result of careful and prac- tical experiment, and are what I prefer and adopt in practice ; but further I de- clare, to prevent the infringement of adopting my principles, or any parts thereot, under the disyuise of a change of materials, dimensions, or prepor- tions, I claim the privilege of using any or all of the metals, or their com- -binations ; of altering my materials, di- aneusions, or proportions, according. to ithe intended scale of operation. And further, I do not confine myself to any particular mode of connecting my sad improvements .with the engine, or of communicating motion to them, -but adopting.all or any of those modes with which mechanics are well acquainted ; and claiming as my exclusive right all .such copies, or approximations to my principles of arrangement and con- struction herein set forth, as shall clash or interiere with them in any or either of those particulars.” — a MR. .LUNDY’s, (CAMDEN TOWN,) Jor .@ ‘new Method.of Heading Pins. In describing, this invention, Mr. Bun- dy says, the frame, or stock is made of metal, in which are fitted a,pair of stect dies, in manner of those ,generally used for, making screws, held together by cy- linders; the dimensions may be various, as the quality of the work requires: the dies generally used, are about .two inches long and one inch square. In the prominent. parts, and that side of each the two dies which come jin cons tact when in use, are made correspond- ing grooves, which, when pressed toge- tlier, form holes, each to, be the diameter of the shaft intended to-baye the head fixed on; these holes may be made: ta- pering upward, or contracted .at that part close under the. head, where half a hemisphere 1812.] a hemisphére, whose diameter being that of the size of the head required, is to be worked out; viewing the dies thas worked, and in the frame, which is the position in which they are placed while introducing the pointed shafts, each having a head loosely put on, the pt we die being at liberty in the frame, e pressure of its weight will be found sufficient to hold the number of shafts, with their heads in the respective places, while they are pushed forwards with a straight motion, until the quantity of heads prevents the shafts from going any further. I: this state it is neces- siry to turn a Jever, to which is fixed a screw for the purpose of forcing the dies together, which will hold the shafts firm enough to receive a stroke from a press on the top piece, to secure avd form complete the whole number of heads in the dies. The hemispheres may be finished according to fancy, as respects the ornament or figure of moulding intended for the top of the head, by sinking them accordingly. I leave a point in the centre of these cavities in the top piece, which serves when forced into the top of the shaft to widen it there, and form a rivet, and thereby secure the head firm from coming off the top of the shaft; and the dies being hard screwed together with the lever, there will be a collar formed by that pressure on the shatt under the head sufficient to prevent the liability of the head being by any ordinary Means forced down the shaft. Waring described the working parts and Proceedings of Learned Soctetics. $55 explained the process by the dtavwings, Mr. B. adds, that placing the whote in a fly-press, ofe stroke therewith on the top piece Will be found suficient cu coinpleté the whole number of heads in thé die’: Titherto mt has been the practice to strike the head setétal times, and that on its sides, expecting to fix it on the shaft while held in @ Horizitital position. “ But niy ihethod,” says the patentee, “of effectually and securely fastening the heads on the shafts, and leaving the heads of a supe» rior form, is, by placing the shafts in # perpendicular direction, and striking the heads and shafts on their tops, which I call “superior heads,” and which I claim as my invention. The head wire may be made flat, either by drawing or rolling to a size, so that when spun oue or more rounds, will be sufficient for a head; head-wiré of a stnaller than ordinary size, without flar- ting, is recommended, so that when spun and cut three rounds, it shall con- tain the quanuty of metal required for the size head intended.’ When the heads have been fixed on the shafts by the fly-press, the screw is then to be turned back by the lever, and taking hold of the milled head, which is on the head ‘of the small shaft, and which goes through the screw, and is fixed to the top diés by being screwed ‘hard in the die, it may be drawn buck to separate the diés sufficiently wide for the superior-heuded pins, which ‘they contain, to fall chrough into some place prepared to receive them. PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES. — ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. ™ AR. Kyicur, whose interesting _ papers have frequently engaged our attention, again claims the public notice. Ina former paper, he stated the result of many experiments on grafted trees, from which he inferred, that each _ Variety can be propagated with success during a limited period only; and that the graft, or other detached part of an old tree, or old variety, can never form that which can with propriety be ealled a young tree. Since this, he had en. deavoured to ascertain which, ais ong the various organs that compose a tree, first fails to execute its office, and thus tends to bring on the debility of old age, b. Whatever difference éxists between the functions of Animal and vegetable lite, there is @ Very’ohvidus analogy betiveen some of the organs of plants aiid those Of annals; and it’does ‘not appear very improbable, that the ‘correspondent ore gan ineach may fitst fail'to execute its office. Naturalists have considered the structure Of plants as an inversion of that of animals, and have compared the roots to the intestines, and the leavés tw the lungs of animals; ‘and the analogy betweén the vegetable sap and «animal blood, is close and obvious ; and there is scarcely a doubt that the sap of trees circulates ‘as far ds is necessaty to, or consistent with, their state of rope ‘ar ee 256 Proceedings of Learned Societies. [April ty and growth. The roots of trees, par- individuals longest retain their health ticularly those in coppices, which are- felled at stated periods, continue so long to produce and feed a succession of branches, that no experiments were re- quired to prove, that it is not any defec- tive action of the root which occasions the debility and diseases of old varieties of the apple and pear-tree. Mr, Knight next details a variety of experiments which he has made to ascertain the fact he is anxious to establish; and having formerly adduced arguments which are uncontradicted, to shew that the sap of plants circulates through their leaves as the blood of animals circulates through their lungs; and having also shewn that grafted trees, of old and debilitated va- tieties of fruit, became most diseased in zich soils, and when grafted on stocks of the most vigorous growth, which led him to suspect that in such cases more fvod, is collected and carried up into the plant than its leaves can prepare and assimilate; and that the matter thus col- Jected, which would have promoted the health and growth in a vigorous variety, accumulates and generates disease in the extremities of the branches and annual shoots, while the lower part of the trunk and roots remain generally free from any apparent disease. Hence he attributes the diseases and debility of eld age in trees to an inability to pro- duce Jeaves which can efficiently ex- ecute their natural office, and to some consequent imperfection in the circu- lating fluid. It is said, that the leaves are annually reproduced, and are there- fore annually new; but there seems to be an essential difference between the new Jeaves of an old and of a young variety ; and it is certain, that the external cha- racter of the leaf of the same variety at &wo, and at twenty years old, is very dis- similar; and therefore to Mr. Knight it appears not improbable, that further changes will have taken place at the end of two centuries. ‘If (says he) these opinions be well-founded, and the leaves of trees be analogous to the lungs of animals, is it improbable that the natural debility of old age.of trees and of ani- mals, may originate from a_ similar source? This question Mr. Knight is not prepared to decide; but he believes at will be generally admitted, that the human subject is best formed for long life, when the chest is best formed to permit the lungs to moye with the most freedom. And he has long observed among domesticated animals, that those od and strength, and best bear excessive Jabour and insufficient food, in which the chest is most deep and capacious, pro- portionately to the length of current the ~ circulating fluid has to run; and the same remark he suspects will be found gene- rally applicable to the human species. Mr. Macartney has communicated to this learned body some very interesting observations upon luminous animals: he examines the grounds on which the pro= perty of shewing light has been ascribed to certain animals, that either do not possess it, or in which its existence is questionable, ‘He then gives an account of some luminous species, either inac- curately described, or quite unknown: he next explains, either from his own ob- servations, or from the information coms municated to him by others, many of the circumstances attending the luminous appearances of the sea: and he :hen de scrihes the organs employed for the pro- duction of light in certain species; and lastly, he reviews the opinions which have been entertained respecting the nature and origin of animal light. Mr. Macartney controverts the notions of many authors, who pretend to have witnessed tlhe phenomena of light as be- longing to animals, to which they cer- tainly, he thinks, cannot belong. Flau- gergucs pretended to have seen earth worms Juminous in three instances; the body shone in every part, but most bril- liantly at the genital organs. Now Mr. Macartney thinks it next to impossible, that animals so frequently before our eyes as the common earth-worm, should be endowed with so remarkable a pro- perty, without every person having ob- served it. If they only enjoyed it during the moment of copulation, still it could not have escaped notice, as these crea- tures are usually found joined together in the most frequented paths in the gar- den-walks, Inthe same way he treats many others; and then mentions some luminous animals discovered by Sir Jo- seph Banks, Captain ILlorsburg, and him- self: and he says, the zoophyte is the, most splendid of the luminous inha- bitants of the ocean. The flashes of light emitted during its contractions are so vivid as to affect the sight of the spec- tator, The luminous state of the sea between the tropics is generally accom- panied with the appearance of a great number of marine animals, of various kinds, upon the surface of the water. In the Arabian’ Sea have been geen severak luminous ¥811.] ‘Juminous spots in the water, and when the animals, supposed to be the cause of them, were examined, they were found to be insects about the third of an inch in length, resembling in appearance the weod-louse. The insect, when viewed with the microscope, seemed to be formed by-sections of a thin crustaceous substance. During the time that any fluid remained’ in the animal, it shone brilliantly like the fire-fly. Mr. Mac- artney supposes that this, and another Mentioned as taken on a sandy beach, were monoculi. He notices many others that have from time to time come under his inspection ; one of these, which he de- nominatesthe berve fulyens, is avery ele- gant creature, changing its colour be- tween purple, violet, and pale blue: the body is truncated before and pointed ~behind,, but the exact form is difficult to assign, as itis varied by particular con- tractions, at the animal’s pleasure. When this insect swam gently neat the surface of the water, its. whole body became oc- casionally illuminated in a slight degree: daring its contractions, a stronger light issued from the ribs, and when a sudden shock was communicated to the water, in which several of these animals ‘were placed, a vivid flash was thrown out. If the body were broken, the fragments continued luminous for several seconds, and ‘being rubbed on the hand, left a light like that of phosphorus; this, how- ever, as well as every other mode of emitting light, ceased after the death of the animal. Mr. Macartney having noticed many other species, says, that his own observations lead him to conclude, that the medusa scintillans is the most frequent source of light of the sea round this country, and likewise in other parts of the world. We are next informed, that the remarkable property of émitting light during life, is only met with among animals of the four last classes of modern naturalists, viz. mollusca, insects, worms, and zoophytes. The mollusca and worms contain each but a single species ; the pholas dactylus in the one, and the Nereis nocticula in the other, - Some species yield light in the eight following genera of insects, viz. elater, lampyris, fulgora, pausus, scolopendra, cancer, lynceus, and limulus. The luminous “species of the genera lampyris and ful- ora, are more numerous than is gene- rally supposed. Among the zoophytes, the genera medusa, beroe, and penna- tula, contain species which afford light. The only animals that appear to possess "© Montury Mac, No, 211, Proceedings of Learned Societies, v4 257 a distinct organization for the production of light, are the Juminous species of lam. yris, elater, fulgora, and pausus. “The light of the lampyrides proceeds from some of the last rings of, the ab- domen, which, when not illuminated, are o! a yellowcolour, The number of luminous rings varies in different species, and, as it seems, at different periods in the same individual. Besides this lu-" minous substance there are, in the com- mon glow-worm, on the inner side of the last abdominal ring, two bodies, which to the naked eye appear more minute than the head of the smallest pin. | They are lodged in two slight depressions, formed in the shell of the ring, which is at these points, particularly transparent. These, when examined, were found to be sacs, and contain a soft yellow substance. The light that. proceeds from these sacs is less under the controul of the ansect than that of the luminous substance spread on the rings: it is seldom ene tirely extinguished in the season that the glow-worm gives light, even during the day; and when all the other rings are dark, these sacs often shine brightly, In all the dissections made. by Mr. Mac- artney, of luminous insects, he did not find that the organs of light were better, or differently supplied with either nerves or air-tubes, than other parts of the body. ‘The power of emitting light like- wise exists in some creatures which want nerves; a circimstance that strongly marks the difference between animal light and animal electricity. In ge- neral, the exhibition of light, in animals, depends upon the presence of a fluid matter, which in some instances 1s con= fined to particular parts of the body, and in others is diffused throughout the whole substance of the animal. Mr. Macartney next notices the vas rious explanations that have been given of the phenomena of animal light, and relates a number of experiments on the subject; and then gives the following conclusions, which are the result of the observations that he has made on the subject. ; ‘The property of emitting hight is cone fined to animals of the simplest organi- zation, the greater number of which are inhabitants of the sea.) The luminous property is not constant, but in - general exists only in certain periods~in parti- cular states of the animal body. The power of shewing light resides in a par- ticular substance, or fluid, which is somes times situated in a particular organ, and ek ia Se 258 jn others diffused throughout the animal’s body, The lightis differently regulated when the lumimous matter exists in the living body, and when it is abstracted from it. In the first case it is inter- mitting with periods of darkness, is com- monly produced or increased by a mus- cular effort, and is sometimes absolutely dependent upon the will of the animal, Tn the second case, the luminous appear- ance isusually permanent, until it becomes extinct, after which it may be restored directly by friction, concussion, and the application of warmth, which last causes operate on the Juminous matter only in- directly by exciting the animal. The Juminous matter, in all situations, is in- combustible, and loses the quality of emitting light by being dried, or much heated. The exhibition of light, how- ever tong it may be continued, causes no diminution of the bulk of the luminous matter. It does not require the pre- sence of pure air, and is not extinguished by other gases. The luminous appear- ance of living animals is not exhausted List of New Publications. [April I by long continuance, or frequent repe- titions, nor accumulated by exposure to natural light: it is therefore not de- pendent upon any foreign source, but in- heres asa property, in a peculiarly or- ganized animal substance, or fluid, aad is regulated by the same laws which govern all other functions of living be~ ings., The light of the sea is always ‘produced by living animals, and most frequently by the presence of the inedusa -gcintillans. | When great numbers of this species approach the surface, they some- times coalesce, and cause that snowy or milky appearance of the sea, which is so alarming to navigators. These anle mals, whea congregated on the surface of the water, can produce a flash of light like an electric corruscation. The lu- minous property does not appear to have - any connection with the economy of the animals that possess it, except in flying insects, which by that means dis- cover each other at night, for the pure pose of sexual congrese, ——— NEW PUBLICATIONS IN MARCH. — 9.4 As the List of New Publications, contained in the Monthly Magazine, is the * “ONLY COMP LETE LIST PUBLISHED, and consequently the only one - that can be useful to the Public for Purposes of general Reference, it is requesteg that Authors and Publishers will continue 10 communicate Notices of their Works (Post paid,) and they will alaays be faithfully inserted, FREE of EXPENSE. —=—— : AGRICULTURE. GENERAL View of the Agriculture of ‘F Durham. By J. Bailey. 8vo. 14s. General View of the Agriculture of Wilt- shire. By T. Davis. 8vo.. 9s. General View of the Agriculture of Cam- bridgeshire. By the Rev. W. Gooch. Svo. 9s. Letters and Papers on Agriculture, selected from the Correspondence of the Bath and West of England Society. Vol. XII. 8vo. 9s, General View of the Agriculture of Hun- tingdonshire. By R. Parkinson. &vo. Qs. General View of the Agriculture of Wor- cestershire., Svo, 10s. 6d. General View of the Agriculture of Kin- _cardineshire. By,G. Robertson. 8yo. 10s. 6d. General View of the Agriculture of Gale loway. By the Rev. S. Smith. 8yo. 9s. se ARTS, FINE, A Letter to Martin Archer Shee,. esq. R.A. detailing a Plan for the more certain Improvement of the Arts of Painting, Sculp- gure, and Architecture, By Philotechnes. 3s, A Series of Progressive Lessons on the Art ef Painting in Water Colours. 1]. 1s. Chalcographia, or the Art of imitating Chalk, Black-lead Percil, and Pen and Ink, Drawings. By J. Hassel. 4to, 15s. ws Architectural Antiquities of Wales. By C. Norris, esq. No. 11]. F Fine Arts of e English School. By John ritton, esq. No. III, 1). 1s. 468 q large paper Architectural Antiquities of Great Britain. By John Britton, esq. No. XXIII. 10s. 6d. large paper 16s. : Inducements to promote the Fine Arts in Great Britain. By J. Cranch. 4to. 2s. 6d. Treatise on the Ecclesiastical Architecture of England. By John Milner, D.D. F.S.A. royal 8vo, 15s. ae ; BIOGRAPHY, The Life of Sir Michael Forster, knight ‘some time one of the Judges cf the Court of King’s Bench, and Recorder of Bristol. By his Nephew, the late Michael Dodson, esq barrister. 4s. iia BOTANY. La - Botanique, historique et litteraire Par Mad, de Genlis. 2 vols. 12mo. 10s. - CLAssICg ‘ 3811.] CLAssics. Aristophanis Comedia. A. R.-F. P. Brunck. 4 vols. 8vo. 21. 12s.6d. royal paper 41]. 14s. 6d. 4to. 101. 10s. : DRAMA. The Knight of Snowdown, a Musical Drae ma, By Thomas Morton, ésq- 28. 6d. f EDUCATION. The Universal Preceptor ; or, Gratnmar of “Arts, Sciences, and General Knowledge, practically adapted to the use of all Schools and Students, andserving as a universal Text Book. By the Rev. D. Blair, author of the Class Book, &c. &c. 4s. bound. A Defence of Mr. Yoseph Lancaster, and the Royal British System of Education; or, Half an Hour’s Conversation between Lady Letitia Liberal and her old Waiting Woman ‘Mrs. Prudence Paradise, on the subject of 4¢ A Dialogue between a Master and an Ap- Prentice,” occasioned by Lectures on Educa- ‘tion, delivered by Mr. Lancaster, in Bath, in the month of February 1810; to which is prefixed, Mr. Whitchurch’s poetical Epistle x10 Mr. Joseph Lancaster, on his Royal Bri- tish System of Education. 1s. HISTORY. An Historical Account of the Ancient Cul- dees of Iona, and of their Settlements in Scotland, England, and Ireland. By John Jamieson, D.D.-F.R.S. and F,A.S.E. 4to. 11. 11s. 6d. Law, _ Reports of Cases argued and adjudged be- fore the Commissioners of Prize Causes, also an Appeal before the Privy Council. By ‘Thomas Harman Acton, esq. Part II. 7s. 6d. A Digest of the Bankrupt Laws, with a Collection of the Statutes and Cases on that subject. By Basil-Montague, of Gray’s Inn, esq. barrister. 4 vols. royal 8vo. 31. 7s. 6d. Lord Erskine’s Speeches when at the Bar, 4 vols. 8vo. 11. 17s. Gd. royal 21. 9s. ' Report of the Cause between Hugh Dogs herty, esq. plaintiff, and P. W. Wyatt, esq. defendant, for crim. con. Taken in short- hand by Mr. Farquharson. Qs. 6d. MAPS. Map of the Roads of Portugal, originally constructed by French engineers, for the use of Junot’s army. 7s. MEDICINE, SURGERY. The Modern Surgeon; or Plainand Ra- tional Rules for the direction of Practice, Bvo. 9s. 6d. Practical Observations on the Formation of an Artificial Pupil, in several deranged states of the Eye; to which are annexed Remarks son the Extraction of soft Cataracts, and those of the membranous kind, through a Puncture of the Cornea. By Benjamin Gib- son, surgeon to the Manchester Infirmary. Bvo. 5s, A Popular Treatise on the Natural and Artificial Causes of Disease in generale By J. Robertson, 2 vols, 8vo, 10s. Gd» ‘List of New Publications. 259 MISCELLANEOUS, A Practical-Treatise on the Powers and Duties of Juries, and on the Criminal Laws of England. By Sir Richard Phillips. 7s. Rules for the Government of the Goal and House of Correction at Dorchester. 2s. 6d. The whole Art of Bookbinding; containing & great variety of valuable Recipes for edge- colovring, fancy marbling, gilding, &c. also Recipes for making liquid gold fer fancy co- louring and splash paper, &c. for ornamenting ladies’ work. 7s, 6d. A Third Reply to the Edinburgh Review, by the Author of a Reply to the Calumnies of that Review against Oxford. With an 4 ppendix in answer to Mr. Drummond’s Ob- servations. 1s. 6d. The British Review and London Criticak Journal. No. I. (to be continued quare terly) 6s. Letters, serio-comical, and ironical, om Education. 8vo. 6s. The American Review of History, Poli- tics, &c. No. I, (to be continued quar- terly.) Two Letters from Thomas Falconer, A-Mz of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, to the Edi- tor of the Gentleman’s Magazine, on the Articles in the Edinburgh Review pei to the Oxford Strabo. 1s. A Register of Ships employed in the sere vice of the East India Company, from the year 1760 to 1810. By H. C. Hardy. 12s. 6d. Manca at Walcheren. 5s. Portrait of Fops; or Illustrations of the Foppish Character, in all its Varieties. By Sir Frederick Fopling. 4s. 6d. The Harleian Miscellany, VIL royal 4to. Sl. 3s. The Mirror of the Graces; or the English Lady’s Costume. i8mo. 5s. large paper 7s. 6d. The Passions humorously delineated. By Timothy Bobbin, esq. 4to. 11. 6s. with co- loured plates 21. 12s. 6d. Young Albert the Roscius, exhibiting a series of characters from Shakespeare and other authors. 8s. NOVELS, TALES. Fatal Ambition; or the Mysteries of the Caverns, a Romance. 3 vols, 12mo. 15s. The Missionary, an Indian Tale. By Mise Owenson. 3 vols. 12mo, 11. 1s. ; PHILOLOGY. Spanish and English Dictionary, under one Alphabet. By Boo vere Fernandgz. 12mo. 153, _Vol. POETRY. Dunkeld, the Prodigal Son, and other Poems, including Translations from the Gaee lic. foolscap 8vo. 6s. “Agnes, the Indian Captive.. By the Rev. John Mitford, A.B. foolscap 8vo. 7s. POLITICS AND POLITICAL ECONOMY. The Debates on the Conveativn Act, in the Irish House of Commons, in 1793; with ; an Oa. ae > 260. Monthly Retrospect of the Fine Artse [April 15 an Appendis, ¢ontaining the Convention Act, the Letters of Mr. Pole and Mr. Hay, and the Resolutions appointing the Catholic Committee. 3s. An Ingniry into the past and present Rela- tion of France and the United Stares of Ame- ‘yica. By the Author of a Letter on the Ge- nius and Disposition of the French Govern- ment, 4s. ; Thoughts on the Repeal of the Bank Re- striction Law. By David Prentice, 4s. Thoughts on the Expediency of establish- $ng a New Chartered Bank. By Joseph Marryat, esq. M.P.- 3s. Mr. Walter Boyd’s Letter to Mr. Pitt, published in Décember, 1800, and soon after called in and suppressed on the stoppage of issues of Specie by the Bank of- England. 4s. The Speech of Randle Jackson, delivered atthe General Court of the Bank of Eng- land, on the 20th of September, 1810, re- specting the Report of the BullionCommittee. 25, The Principle of Currency and Exchanges applied to the Report of the Committee ap- pointed toexamine into the high price of Bul- lion. By Coutts Trotter, esq. 3s. A Short Statement of the Trade in Gold Bullion, shewing the true cause of the Ge- neral Scarcity 4nd consequent high price of that Metal. By I. T. Koster, esq. 3s. 6d. A Horn Book for a Prince, or the ABC of Politics. 2s. An Examination of Sit John Sinclair’s Ob- eervations on the Report of the Bullion Com- mittee. - By P. R. Hoare, esq. 3s. 6d. Letters on the Affairs of Spain. By W* Burdon, esq. is. 6d. THEOLOGY. An Essay on Christianity, and on the Pae rial-god Hypothesis. By Caleb Pitt. Part II. 1s. 6d. A Course of Lectures, containing a Descripe tion and Systematic Arrangement of the see veral Branches of Divinity. By Herbert Marsh, D.D. F.R.S. Margaret Professor of Divinity. Sermons on the most prevalent Vites, By David Lamont, D:D. 3 vols. 8vo. 41, 4s- The Second Exodus, or Reflections on the Prophecies of the lasc Times. By the Rey. W. Ettrick. 2 vols, 8vo. 14s. TOPOGRAPHY. An Account of the past and present state. of the Isle of Man; including a sketch of the Mineralogy, and outline of its Laws, with the Privileges enjoyed by Strangers, anda History of the"Island. By George Woods. _ Svo. 10s. 6d. An Authentic Description of the Kennet and Avon,\Canal, with Observations on the present state of the Inland Nayigation of the Western and Southern Counties. Qs. Carew’s Survey of Cornwall, illustrated with Notes, by the late Thomas Tonkin, esq. M.P. now first published from the original MSS. By Francis Lord de Dunstanville. 4to. 1h. 11s. 6d. large paper 21.105. VOYAGES AND TRAVELS, A General History and Collection of Voy- ages and ‘Travels.’ By Robert Kerr, F.R.S. and F.A.8. Edinburgh. No. II: 6s. Travels in the South of Spain, in 1809 and 1810. By William Jacob, esq. M.P. F.&.S. 4to. 31. 3s. large paper 41, 4s. ‘ Pinkerton’s General Collection of Voyages and Trayels. Part XXXVI. 10s. 6d. oy MONTHLY RETROSPECT or tue FINE ARTS. The Use of all New Prints, Communications of Articles of Intelligence, &c. are requested under COvER to the Care of the Publisher. » _—— a Exhibition of the Works of British Artists, placed in the Gallery of the British Institu- tion, Pall Mall, for Exhibition and Sak, 41811. ’ F é Ww shall now commence our obser- vations on the pictures, which, from the limited space allotted to this department, must be brief. No. 4. A Gypsy Woman telling a Young Wo- man ber Fortune. By A. F. Olivers JRA. Has been already noticed in our review of the last exhibition at Somerset~house; and a second inspection does not injure . itgcharacter, No. 7. By aletter in Mr. Frowers’s Political Review, it appears, that the late John Howard did not die of the plague, but of 2 fever caught from a young lady, in going to visither; for which purpose he rode twenty miles on horseback: and, being benighted, ‘he was thrown from his horse, and lay a considerable time in the snow; and would have been frozen to death, but for the aid of an accidental passenger. Like Goldsmith, too, ‘he took too large a dose of James’s powders, He was buried by a French gentleman, in his garden, about two miles from Cherson, at his own partieular request. Mr. Barry, of Bristol, is doing that which might be fullowed with advantages in every great town in England, By forming a library a library of aseful books, arid introducing - all the new Voyages and Travels, with the best specimensof poetry, &c. he has greatly lessened the demands of his nead=— ers for the pernicious trash called novels. His new catalogue, just publishing, is a specimen of acollection thatis creditable : to the charaeter of the city. A New Bristol Guide will appear in the course of the spring, that is, well cal- culated ts make that interesting ‘city, and its vicinity, the resort of numbers of tra= vellers, who are lovers of mineralogical science; and will exhibit also, the value of the surrounding country, ; Miss Merrorp, who lately published a volume. of elegant Poems, has in the press, a Poem, in four cantos, founded on the events which arose out of the mu- tiny of the Bounty, which is entitled Christina, the Maid of the South Seas Mr. Gronce SINGER contmues bis series of Lectures on electricity and elec- tro-chemistry, at the Scientific’ Institu- tion, 8, Princes-street, Cavendisii-square, Mr, Parxrnsow has requested us to announce, that the third and conelading volume of Organic Remains of a former World, containing the fossil remains of . echini, shells, insects, crustacean, fishes, amphibia, quedrupeds, &c. with twenty- three coloured plates, will be published in the middle of June, Dr. Busby has just completed a Translation, in rhyme, of the six books of Lucretius on the Nature of Things. Lord Grenville, to whom the work: is to be dedicated, has, we understand, seen the first book, and expressed his unqua- ified approbation of the style in. which the doctor’ has executed this arduous undertaking. © Previous to its publica- tion, the poem will be read, ar Dr. B.'s residence, by Mr. George Busoy, to a Select literary audience We hope, in our next Number, to be able to present our secaiters with further particulars, and to lay before them some specimens of the version, The: Rev. Tuomas Jervis, of Leeds, is printing a volume of Sermons. Dr. Rerp will recommence his course of Lectures’ on the Theory and Praetice of Medicine, on Wednesday, the 1st of May, at nite o'clock in/tie morning, at his house, Grenville-street, Brunswick- square.! Mr. J: J.Jonzs, organist of St. An- drew. bythe *Wardrobe, and St. Ann’s, Biackfnars, intends to publish, by dibs scription, a set of Six Tugues, with In= Eee | ld Oe Literary and Philosophical Intelligence. ~ ae a lUle Ae ee = Torn 1S * a eee ae [Apritt,. tioduetions:for'the Organ or Piano Forte ;. ‘dedicated (with permission) to his pre- ceptor, Dr Crotch, They will appear in the course of the present month, A_ very ecitertaining work, from the pen of Mab. pe Gents, will appear in the course of a few days its entitled, La Boranique, Historique, et Litteraire, cuivie dine Nouvelle, entituleé. Les Fleurs ow Les Artistes. A Winter in Paris, or Memoirs of Madame de C., written by herself, will appear in the course gf the present month, An edition of Mr. Depprne’s *Soirées diver, is nearly ready for publication. » Mr. Bissei7, of Birmingham, has, with his wonted activity and ability, pre- pared a medal, in commemoration of the Regency, in gold, silver, bronze, and Imperial metal. * So large a part of the edition of the Rev. Richard Cecil’s Works, in 4 vols, 8vo. now in the press, has been bespoke hy his friends, that no copies will be ad= yertised for public sale. Names may, however, yet be sent to the editor, the Rev. Josian Pratr, Dougbey-street, London, ( Mr. Henry Jacos, author of a He-~ brew Grammar, and Mr. A. J. Varney; have it in contemplation to superintend a new edition of the Hebrew Bible, with points, and with the Latin translation of Arius Montatius interlined. The Hes brew text will be taken from Vander- Hooght; and the work will be comprised in two handsome volumes, royal octavo. The Cow-Pock Institution, No. 62, Sackviile-street, Dublin, has published — the following abstract from the register of inoculations and distribution of mats ter: Paced Packets issued ; Réocu lated. Lo Practitioners} . in general. 4804 578 776 1805 1,082 1,124 » 1806 1,556 “+ 1,540 1807..,, |. 2156 1,790 1808 W 3,002 2,285 4809 3,941 . 2,540 1810 4,084 3,249 16,149 Totals. 13,104. The directors observe, that the addie tion of four thousand successful. cases during the year 1810, tends only to as ’ ~*~ 1811.] firm their belief in the efficacy, safety, and policy, of pursuing vaccine inocu. Jation. The second volime of Mr. Moorr’s Tales of the Passions, containing the Married Man, being an illustration of the passion of Jealousy, is expected to - appear in the course of this month. Tne Rev. Joun Rupp, F.L.S. and President of the new Literary and Phi- Josop)ical Society of Preston, basin con- siderable forwardness, a Botanist’s Guide through Lancashire, in which all the plants, indigenous to the country, will be enumerated, and the habitats of the same ones accurately given, Mr, Ryopp will also publish, in a few days, a volume of Devotional Exercises, selected and composed for the use of Congregations and Families. Dr. Hurron’s new edition of his Dictionary of Mathematics and Philo- sophy, is ready for the press, with many _ improvements, made fromy late disco- veries in those sciences. sand Messrs. Serene and Son, have re- printed the Memoirs of the Life of Sir Stephen Fox, ancestor of the present Jord tloliand, and it will sm@ke its ap- pearance in a few davs, = his travels through Canada, and the United States of America, has in the press an American work, eutitled * Sal- “magund!, or the Whim Whams and Opinions of Launcelut Langstaff, esq. and Others ;” to which he has added an _ antroductory Essay on the Genius.and y Character of the Americans, together _ with explanatory notes. ~- Mason Moor is about to publish, An | Account of the Measures pursued with different Tribes of Hindoos for the abo- lition of the practice of the systematic murder of female children by their Pa- ents; with incidental notices of other customs peculiar to the inhabitants of In- dia. ByGovernor Duncan, and Lieut.-col. Walker. ~The volume of the County Annual Revister for 1811, is in forwardness; in " addition to the usual matter relating to | the counties, it will contain a concise and 4 i ¢ f | Dixon, Angel: court, Throamorton ftrect (Whitton, Great (Empfon, (Faulkner, C er (Chippendall, (Fowell, Finch Dowding 'F. PaternoXer row, warehoufeman. (Phipps, Gutter lane er Lowney T. Wapping Mrect, glazier and painter, (Shaw, Broad ftreer, London Dock> : : 4 Duckett w. Ramfgate, carpenters (Daniel, Ramfgate, and Exley, ‘tucker, aid Dawfon. Furnivai’s inn Dutton T. tiverpuol, cabinet maker. (wondle, John- ftreet, Bedford row, and Penn neton, Liverpool Eafton W. Bread trecty Cheapiide, factors (Pearce, Paternofter row Ellam J. fen. wWefl@gh, Lanca@er, burcher. (WeSon, Leigh, and. Blakelock; and Makinfos,-VYemple \ Elliott ii. Kent road. Surry. giccer. (Bovili and Tutin, . Bridge {ceez. Blackfiiars - Eveleigh. F. Launcefion, Cornwall. bravier. {Egerton, Gray's inn fyuare and Spurrier and Ingleby, Bir- mingham Fairclough G. jun, Chorley, Lancafter, grocer. (Chip- pendail,, Great Queen ftreet, Lincoln s inu fields, and Houeh 2nd Parkinfon, Chorley Fawcett M. Liverpool. mufic feller. (Porre, Liverpool, aud Windle, Jon ttreet, Bedford tow Ferris '>. Yat lane, Blackwell Hall, factor. (Stevensy ‘Sion College gardens, Aidermasbury ‘ Finlayfon W.-and T. Deares, Liverpool, merchsnts. (Wilde and Knight. Caftle (treet, Falcon (Quare " Flack R. Caftle, Hedingham, Eficx, butcher. (Sparling, - Polen t ern, aha Cutting, #arcietts buildings, Hol- orn 4 Fletcher, M. Liverpool, earjhen ware dealers (Forrelt, Liverpaul, and Windle, John ftreet, Redford row Forbes W.and G. Lewis, Liverpool, merchancs. (Windley john @ cer, Beciud row, aud Stamuivece aud Edeny Liverpool . ‘ Alphabesical Dist of Barleriyphettss , Goddard J. Kennet Wharf, fatkor. (Ki | Gofiing Sey Jen and As — ik tala ’ ‘land; and Robipfop, Gray’sinn place f Mark lane, wine. (Palmer, Tomiinf n, and Thomfon, bd } Greenhaigh J. Elton, Bury, ancater, Whiliter. 11 cocks Hury, and Blakeock, and Makinfon, Temple Grecphaigh J. Tortingrony Lancaftter cutun fpipher. (Une © win, Manchefter, and Milne and Parry Temple Greening J Crooked Mane, Lundon, orange merchant, (Pitches and sampfyn, swithin’s lane $ Gregory G. jun. Liverpoo} druggift. . ( 4tkinf n, Wilde, and Mackarcik. Chancery lang, and Lace, Liverpoo) Griffiths S. Ola Bofwell court, Carey ftrtet, tajlor. (Bude aud #ayes. Bedfordrow ¢ ‘ Hammond S. Leventhulme, Manchefter, fil and cotten manufacturer, {£dge, Temple, anc¢ Mutrow, Li- verpool Harper W. Friday freet, filk weaver. Hovfe, Old Baily Harris ‘V. Chuliiry, Hereford, miller. mintter Harry W. Wefton, Hereford, dealer in cattle. (Merediths yRohbbins, and ‘Fomkyns, J.incoln’s inny and Harvey and Cuoke, Rofs, per oe ’ Hart A. and P. Simens, Portita navy agentse (Templer, Burr (treet, Ea Smithfeld Harticy J. Mancheiter, manufaékurer, (Ellis, Chancery lane, and Cardwell, Manchever os Haftings T. and Ry Southwark, filverfmirhs, (Tarny Warnford court 3 Hennel R. Bernard freet, Rufiel fyuare, eoal merchant. {Annefley, Temple : Higgins T. Mere, Wilts, vidtualler. (Seymour, Meres -and Bleafdalc, Alexander, and solme, New inn — Higginfon J. Manchefter, manufacturers (Williams, Mancheiter, and Hurd, Temple a a Hipwell J. Hardman'’s Fuld, Lancathivey catico printer. (Hewitt and Kirk Mancnefier, and Elis. Chancery jane Hooke W. Beccles, Sarolky grocer. (Debaryy Verbyy and Scudamore, Semple, and Bohun, Beccles Hopper Cl Tynemoyth, inn keeper. (Barker, North ‘Shields, and Setrec, ot Mary Axe — Horsfall R, and 3. Stanton, Coventry, ribbon manufactures s. (Kincerk y, Long, and Ince, Gray’siun, aod Jrough= ton and Lea, Coventry . Fi Hughes 8. Pouitry, gold{mith. (Chethem, Falcon {guare, and fiono'lon, Coleman Qreet buiidsnes_ Hurreli T. York fireet, St James’s tailor. (Griffiths Featheriione buildings, Solborn Jackfon T. Cheetham, wanch#iter,’ cotton manufacturers { Milne, Manchetter ’ Jenkins T: Prefvot @yeety Goodmari’s feids, upholiterers (Collins and Waller, Spital Gjuare Jones J. Bafinghall (trcet, Blackwell Hall, fator. [Emp- fon, \ harlotte itreet, Blackfriars road a. i Judkins'F. Chelter, linea draper.” (Fhilpott and Stoness Temple, and Pinchett, Chelter Kay £. birmingham, braoty merchant. (Sodfield, Hinde court, Fleet (treet, and Maudiley, Birmincham Kellaway T. Weit Cowes. baker. { Wortley, Newpore Kemp J. fifington, dealer in hay.-* CFillingham, Union frreet, Whicechapel “ we Kern &.. and ), Muiler, Amen Corner, Paternofter row, and Fetter lane, furricrs. (Woods, Langbourne, | Ward Chambers i” Kimbeil W. Gofweilftreet,coach nfikers (Lamb, Al» derigate freet ¢ : we " King 8. Puke treet. Ty-en)y7s inn fields, tailure (Cope pard, Baptitt Chambers, “hancery lave Langdalt W. jun. aly, yiauatier. (Ellis, Chancery ° Jane. and Walmflyy “wun + ‘ Lea he pee as ‘rOAmonger. (Blakelock and Makinfun, Temple sagt : Lea }.5 J. S. Martineau, and J. Wilkinfon, Bread ffrect, - factorse (Meyrick ane Broderip. Red Cio fynare. Leigh Re and DR. Armitrong, Liverpool, merchants. Lowe, lemple. and Leren. Liverpool . _ Lewis J.. AbErgavenny, Manmouth, cabinet maker (james. Grays inn tquare, and Gomnith sriftol Lonetcen J, Stockport, Cheders timber merchant. (Zdee,~ Tempie, and Harrop, stockport RB on M, avd P, Manchester, and G. Willion, ironmon- jan€, Merchants. (Hewitt and Kirk, Mancheser, Chancery lane Lumicy st Grimsby, j-incolm, grocer. (Nicholfeng OF ena aid Leigh and Mafon, Bridge ftreet, Biack: garg Macneall J. Prefton, Cancater, linen draper. (Blake- lock and MakiniOn, temple, and Pilkington, Preiton Madsock }. Liverpool, foap builer. (Ackinion, Wilkie. and. Mackarall, Chancery lane, and Hailal, Livers pool Old. Gravel lane, buteher. «- Meatman W, Lothbury Maiiden W.and H, Mancheftery cotton mann fatturerse (Ellis, Chancery lane. and Cardwell Manchefter Mariden W. and J, Boughton, Tower,, L ancatter;) cotton manufactures, (Biakelock and Makinfons Temples — and Starufaot, Prefton ' abt A. (Empfin, Mar ‘ton S. Gra ge road, Bermondfey, bakers Charlotre @reet, Biackfriars road pe : Martin 1. Cattle itreet, Finsbury {quare, builder. (Shorte land, Oid nally wee [Shelron, Seftions. (Coleman, Leo- (Daviess Maynard Jj. Weilsy Somerset, cabinet maker, (Wells, ‘ and Dyne, fancoli’s inn fields . y's ae Melbourne C, P. and J. Swany Old Bond ftreet. paper hangers. © (Kilbléwhite, Rowland, and Robi Gray’s inn place vob a ve aa Mercier 1811.) Alphabetical List of Bankruptcies and Dividends. 273 “Mercier c. and @. Ghervett, Bartholamew Clofe, printers. Sorgenfrey A. We Liverpooly metchant, {Cooper and (Sherwin, Great James freer, Bedford row Lowe, Southampton buildings, Chincery lau, and * Mérry weather G. Manchefter, mauufa¢turer, (Buckley, Orréd and Baines, or Crumpi and Lodge, Liverpool » Manchetter, and Milne and Pansy, Vemple Spencer } Brighton, linen draper, CBourditon and YR wood J. Manchefer, merchant. (Willis F airthorne, Hewitt, bitte Friday ftreet, Oheapfide saad Clarke, Warnfurd couct. and Hellop, Manchefter Spencer W. and 4. Wondhta, New eourty Bow Lane, . “Miuwoot J. Huddersfield. York. maiiter, . (Battye, merchants {Milne and Parry, Temple - Chancery lane, ad Crofland Huddersreld Stanton, J. Brum fprove, Woreefter, miller, [Bray and Mildram W. Yotnes, Devon, linen d aper. (Erutton, Gare, Droitwich ». New Millman tircet, and Rrutton, Exeter Steight J- Richmond, Surry, furgcon. fRichardfons, “Millar Jf. Liverpool, merchant. (Tarrant. Clarke, and New inn Richards. Chancery lane, and Mafiey and Cartwright, Stewart A, Sroad Rreet, Ratcliff, hoop bender. [Noy Liverpool and Popes Mincing lane Po \ . Mollifun c. ‘Tavikock placey merchant, (Dann and Stokes C. and J H. Schneider. fen. Birmingham, leather Crofsland, Broad freet , fetlers. [Bourdilion and Hewitt. Little Friday freer, Mosre. si Wolverhampton, fadler, (Corfer, Wolver- Cheapfide, and simcox, Birmingnam 4 hampton ae 4 Er ee hae Stower, €, Raternufter row, prupter, [Ruflen, Crown Morris M. Cafe flreet, Holborn, jeweller. Clee, Cattle court, Aldeifgate treet ay ‘ ftreet. Holborn . Sumner-T. Bonds, Lancafhire, miller. {Blakeleck and Mullion H. Liverpool, merchapt. (Parrow, Threadneedle Makinfon,-Temple, and Gartner, Garp ng frect, and Mefley and Cartwrieht, Liverpool | Sutton T. Wovlwich. viduaters CWhittons, Great Nailer 1. Jefferies fuare, St. Mary Axe, merchant. James ftreets Gedford row © {Rots and Co. New Bofweill cour: Swancott M. Fofier tane, Cheapfide, warehoufeman, Nelfon &. Liverpcol. cow xeeper. (Blacklock, ‘Lemple, (Pelamy. Clifford’s inn 5 and Murrow, 'Liverpoo! _ 4 ¥ Taylar R: Leicefter fquaie, hofier, (shepherd, Bartletr’s Newton G. Maidftune, fadler. (Rond ahd Fairbanks, bui ‘dings . r Y Seething Jane 4 ’ ‘ Taylor j, Briftoly. manufacturers LHeelisy Staples Inn, Norris £. Ucheier, Somerfet, irntolder. (King, Bed- and Burges, Mriftol ‘ . ford row, and Hy att and Mafkell, shepron, Ma.Jert Thornton j. Golden. fyuare, feather merchant. [Ri- North J. Manchefter merchant. , (Ellis. Chatcery lane, chardfons, New inn ws By ‘ anc Johnfon, aid Lom {gale. Manchetter : Tomlinfon K. Leek, Stafford, thopkeeper, [Barber, | Osbory G, Tottenham Court. upholtterer (Saunders, Frtcer laney and Wheatiey. and Fowler, stone Cwarlotte ftreet. Fitzroy fyuare , Trow R. Gray’sinn lane road, cow keeper, (Ruffen, Pélmer T. New road, Whitechapel, foap maker. (Hol- , Crown court. Aldgare ee ae - Howay, Chancery lane 2 cake iby aa Tyndall J. Birmingham. button maker, | ([Webb and Parkes jf. Birmingham, timber’ merchant. (Pownall, Tyndall, Birmingham, and Tarrant, Ciarke, ard Staple’s ing Richards. ChanceryJane i ‘ Parfons W. Shepton Mallet. Sor-erf-t. corufactor. (Shope Woettafe . Manchelter., machine. and fpindle maker, hard and® Adlington, Bedford row; and Shephard, CEdge, Manchetter, and Ellis, Ch ncery line Rath : ae lf * Waifle, J. Liwerpool, builders CMeddowcroft, Gay's “Peacock C. Clément’s inn, navy agent. C Briggs, Effex inn, and Davies, Liverpool ‘ ftreét, Strand ; Watton J. Live:poni , mercwant. [Conper and Lowe, Pearce J. Bafinefiail treet, clothier. (Highmoor and Chancery lanes and Orred and Baines. Liverpool Youn#, Bum fane ene Webb H. Enfield, corn: factor, Taylor, Waltham Pearlon T. New! road, St. Ceurgé’s in the Eaft, grocer. bb Abbey 3 . (Holloway. Chancery fane Webb J. Bifley. Glocetter, ciothier, [{Conftabley Symond’s ’ Pepper |. w. Weal, burcher. (May and Mercer, Deal, inny and Samhourn, Stroud t and Kindertey. jong aud Yacey Gray's jun Webb W. MildenhallySuffolk. money {crivéner, (Fatlow, Phillips w. Liverpool, broker. — (Tarranx, Clarke, and Souverie (treet, Fleet ttreet * Richards, Chancery lane and Keightley, Liverpool Webber M and w, Uchefter, Sonierfety dealers... (Mef- Philipfon 4, Corringham. York, nurferyman. (Broadley fiter, Witcapren, and Dy ue Lincoln’: jon. fields ” . and Swan, Hull, and Robarts, Clément’s inn Wells R. Fareham, upholferer, bxlesfdale, Alexander, Plaiter mM. - uddersiteld, thoemaker. (Allifon, Hud- and Ho'mes, New inn. and Paddoms, Fareham P dersfield, and Walker, Lincoin’sinn ‘ 3 Welfh R..and,Gs Liverpool, brokers. [ Atkinfon, Wilde, Poole T. D. Arlington. Glocefter, miller. | [ Meredith, and, Mackaval), Londows and Lace, tives pool - : Robbins, and’ Tomkyns, Lincola’s inn, and Bevin, Welt M. Colchefter, merehant Sparling, Colcheter, ‘er - Cirence™ ‘ and Cutting, Bartleti?s buildings Potter S. Tiilingham. Effex. Shopkeeper. (Rearden and Weltbury J. R Lonuon terrace; f Hackney road, cloth mer- Davis, Curbet court, Gracechurch ftreet chant LJames, Gray's inn fyjuare, and Davia widge é Se Maid lane, Southwaik, brewer, (Mon- Glecefter ; \ ; tague, Henrietta ftriet, Covent Garden i . White Henry. Drury lane apothecary. [Philipfon and Rees fT. D. Great. May's buildings. St. Martin’s lane, vice , Brewer, Staples. inn ry > sftualler. (Hinrich, Ceci) ftreet, ftrand White J. L. Cannon ftre«t, wine merchant, [Sloper and Richardfon T. Liverpool, foapboiler. | Parr and Thomp- He th, Muntague freet, Ruffel fiyuare 5 fou, Liverpoo’, and Shephard and Adlington, Bedford Whiteley W. ana Js, Leens, dyers, (Granger, Leeds, row : ~ and Lake, Dowgate hill, Loudon ¥ ec e. Plymouth Dock, miliner. (Williams and Whirtenbury E£. “ancheter, merchant, CENlis, Chans .” & ke, Prince's ftreet, Redford row, and Bozon, wine, ces ahd. Hie(on and Atkinfon, Manchefter oe ymou th bine iOnerley J: and W. Pepper. Nortinghtm. hofiers Romer J. Rofamond ftreet. Clerkenwell, watchmaker, Ciamfon and Lees. Nottingham, and Steevenfon, Line C Williams aud Wilmot. New inn . coln’s inn New fyuare Rowney R. Hatton Gurcen, perfumer. (Walker, Old Williams w J+ Compton trees, St. Giles’s, baker, CPrice, ny 5 _ foland (reer ‘Ruff T. Marchmont freer, Taviltock fjuare, oilman, Withey J. ‘Trowbridge. Wilts, clothier, r Timbrelfy refland and und, Brunfwick fjuare ‘ Trowbridge, ana Debary, Derby, and nee waye S. aid J. Slack, Macclesfield, filk manufacturere, Jemple : 4 - “(Bell aad Rroderick, Bow lane, Cheapfide, and Grimf. Worms Heury, Wapping Dock ftreet, upholterers (Howard ditch, Macclestield yen _. atid Abfahunis, Old Jewry “Scott T. H. ‘Tiverton, Devon, {pirit merchant. (Kendall, Wricht J. tambeth, Iorchant. {Crefley, Holborn tallow chandler, (Sweet and Exeter, aiid Abbotty Adchurch yard court, Gray’s inn Fivener }.and«}. Alcetter, Warwick, needle makers, Wyatr J. ky Flect itreet, __ {Turner and Pike, Bloomsbury fquave, and Guardner, Stukes, Teniple emg chy Worcefter - weal Iwey R. Bath, harnefs maker. (Highmoor and Young, ser bit Janie, London, and Wingate, Bath) DIVIDENDS ANNOUNCED. gee’, Wiverpool, merchant. (Bird. Liverpool F it, ‘ an W. Huckley. Warwick, corn dealer. (shephard Aldridge J. Neifun'fquare, furgeon, March 30 —. and Adlington,’ Bedford rows and Tidmas, Warwick Auitin J.B. Tower Royal, craggilty March 15 w J. Réichdale, Lencater. hatter. fShuctleworth, Ayres J. Stratfurd, Eifex, coal merchant, April 26 we wale, and Chippendale, seijean:’s inn, Fleet ee Te Soylaod, Haiifaxy York, Tultian manufaQurers tree: : pril .o| Sheriff A. st. Mary Axe, merchant. (Mayhew,Symond’s eck: Ay Oxford Areety fallier, March +6 fon eck S. Bury ftreet, st. Mary Axe jewellery, March Sherrington Hs and Gs Cooper, Peefon, Lancafer, cotton Beaford'c, Manchefter, merchane, Abhi 8. ae ners pwinlefworth Gray’s inn fi ware, and Bali J. . and Asde Camp. Catharine freer, s; ke thden' sht idtworth Pros a ; _ fellers, April :3_ y : ae ready, Book Olbred J. Bruad fireet, Louden, merchant. (Lang, Bidwell H. Whirectapely linen'‘draper, April 9 __ Aingtica tyuare é Birch J. and L. Leverion, Hoxton, coiour manufacturers #4. £. Hackney road, merchant, (Fier, Nelfon Aptil 9 ’ quare. Blackfriars road " 2 Bird G. Egeware road, fone mafor March 30 es Be bton. somerter, clothier. [ Timbrelf jun, Biter R. Ray ftreet Clerkenwell. vicbualiety March 30 woridnes and Debary, Derby, and seudumouré, Buovil «, Catharine courts Tower il}, corw thdtor, April 6 ple -. Bradley, |. Maig Jane Southwark, fmith, A aud H. Chefther. Great Wincheiter ftrcet, mere Bul T. Brigol, brandy yA oii Wits, (Smith's, Bafinghall ftreec zB +. Charl reer, i eeabe . t afin uno >. oreac Charlotte itreet, # ri a ote B. Bifupwearmouth, coalfitrers, April 6 a enTesane tesidy Fe a mond’s inn, and Laws, Sunderland Burnett W. North Petherton, Somertter. baker, April 8 Hatt Smithfield, proyifion meichant, Canniford W. George ftreet, Oxfurd road, bakery Maich 16 ly Waroford court Carter J. sand wich, draper, April io Li Mac. No. while 2 Mw Caw 214 Caw T. Buth lane, Cannon ftreet, merchant, May 7 Chadwick J. Bredbury, Chefler, hat manufacturer, April 10 Chadwick A. Bee Chiefter, widow, April ro Child T. B. Neath, Glamorgan, tanner, April 15 Clarke J. H. St. James’s ftreet, mariner, March 26 Cohan A. and S$, Sheervefs, flopfellyrs, March 26 Cornforth W. Bithopwearmouth, Durham, fai'maker, April4 Corfon }. Mincing ianc, merchant, March 16 Cowperthwaite W. Old Fith-ftreet Hill, grocer, April 26 Crabb J. and W., and N. Larkham, Wilton, Clothiers, March z2 r ranch N. Exeter, Merchant, April 23 Critchley J. Nottingham, draper, March 23 Croudace J. Holi, cheefe-factor, March 26 Curtis J. Spring ttreet, St. Mary-le bonne; tallow chandle , March19 Parco pore J», and J. Finney, Aldermanbury, merchants, April 6 Dawes A2, ¥. Noble, R.-H. Croft, and R. Barwick, Pall Mall, bankers, April 20 Delpini C."A, St. Martin freet, meschanr, April 3¢ Dickenfon J. and W. fenior and junior, Broad trreet, Lone don, merchants, May 18 Dickenfon W. fenior, Poultry, banker, May 18 Dickenfon W, junior, Poultry, banker, May 18 Dickie T. Cornhili, bockfelier, March 23 Dixon M. Borough High freer, hop merchant, April 20 Dow J. Bush Jane, Cannon ftreety merchant, March 30 Drury P, Evetham, Worcester, brazier, April 5 Eady S. St. Ives, Huntingdon, warehoufeman, April 9 Elfstrand D. Huji, merchant, April 5 Eliott E. Lambeth, victualler, April 6 Ellam W. Windle, Lancafter, tanner, April 10 Ellis R. Eas] ftreet. provifion broker, March 23 Etty S. Oxford, wine merchant, April 17 SE J-» and J. Buckley, Liverpool, ~ merchants, Aprilit . Faveli E. and J. Cambridge, painters, April] 8 Fither W. Houndfditeh, linen draper, April 9 Fuller R. Deal, fhopkeeper, March 23 Gardner F, Deptford, mariner, March 23 Gafkell tr Bruton treet, Berkeley fquare, linen draper; April 27 Gear mr Hull, cabinet maker, March 29 EEC Gat and W, Sherwood, Liverpool, merchants, pril 1 Gibfon TA High ftreet, Mary-le-bonne, ironmonger, March 30 Goodall T. Poultry. banker, May 18 wed C. Catharine court, Tower hill, corn faétor, April 6 ‘Mancorne W. Swanfea, thopkeeper, March 23 Harrifon 1, Camomile ftreet, ttationer, April :7 Hayward J.y and G. Turney, London firect, merchants, March 26 Henning D. Leicefter fquare, upholfterer, March 26 Nenzell G. Little Eafl Cheap, under writer, March 30 Heyes J. Manchefter, dyer, April 13 Higeginbottom L. Mancheiier millinery May 15 Hoddinott B. Bruton, Somerfet, March 25 Hodgfon J. junior, Co!eman ftreet. merchant, April 27 Hollamby W. Leadenhall (treet, librarian, Aprilg Holmes F. Warwick, grocer, April 4 Holmes C. Bull’s Head couri, Newgate free:, haberdafher, March 30 ” Horsfali W. Hampftead road, vidtualler, March 23 Rofkin R. Croydon, linen graper, April 6 Hounfom J. Fleet ftreet, linen draper, March 26 Hubbard J. Bethnal Green, brewer, April 27 Hubbud C. Norwich, haberdather, April 2 James J. Briftol, cooper, April 17 Jones A. St. James’s (treet, milliner, May 4 Jones B. Rotherhithe Wall, tobacconift, March 23 Jones T. High Holborn, looking-glaf: manufaéturer, March 30 Keyfe T., and C. P. Wyatt, Langbourn Ward Chambers, merchants, March je Kidd J. Newcaftle-upon-Tyne, merchant, March 28 Lagoftera J. P, St. Martin’s Jane, Cannon {treet merchant, March 19 Lance C. Grofvenor place, baker, March 19 Laycock T. Minories, flopielier, March 23 Lee H. Holyweil treet, shoreditch, filyerfmith, May 4 Little R., and W. Craniton, Hythe, Kent, linei draper, + . March go Lloyd J., and W. Wydown, Upper Thames ftreet, grocers, March 26 Lomes D. Watford, Herts, corn merchant, March 30 Lowton E. Mark lane, merchant, April 4 Lye R. Gofwell ftreet, builder; March 16 Makeham J, Upper Thames ftreet, dealer. March 23 Marriott R. Northamptoa, banker, March 22 State of Public Affairs in March. ' - Tie : i Chie es [April 1, Martinnant P. St. James's (treet, warehoufeman, April6 | eee Way oe J. Atkin, Whitechapel road, dealers i= glafs, April 3° Mafon a . Great Swan alley, Coleman ftreet, carpenters April 6 U Middichirt M. Wigan} Lancafter, corn and flour dealer, Aprilir M‘Lachlan A. and J. Galt, Great St. Helen's, factors, April 27 Morgan J. Fofter ftreet, Bithopfgate, cheefernonger, May 4. Morgan A., and E, Buil’h, Brecon, tanners, April? Morgan S., and M. R. Morley, Southwark, hop fattor&, March 23 a Mofeley D. Wakefield, York, innkeeper, April 1 Neve J. Birmingham, linen and woollen drapers April 13 Oakley J. St. Jolin ftreet, bedftead maker, March 20 Ogilvy W. junior, G. Mylne, and J, Chalmess, Jeffreys _ tyuare merchasts, April 6 Olivant G. Manchefter, merchant, April 13 Parker S. South Lambeth, underwriter, April6 Paty T. Lime ftreety merchant, March 30 ‘ Peirfe T. Canterbury, brazier, Aprilio : Perry J. Angel court, Throgmorton treet, broker, March 3@ Phillips T. M. and W. Twyford Wilts, mealman, Aprilg Pickup J. Burniey, Lancatter, cotton fpinner, April1o Pickwood C. Cloak lane, wine merchant, April6 Pratt M. Dar'ington, Darham, droggift, April27 | : Pritchard G. New ftreet, Fetter lane, bricklayer, April 2@ Radley B. Offett. York, clothier, April 2 Randall T. Oxford, linen draper, April 30 Randall J, Dean ftreet, upholiterer, March 23 Kawlins C. E. Briftol, grocer, March 16 Revel! G, Poplar, brickleyer, April 135 Reyuoldfon T. Manchefter, cotton merchant, April 10 Richardfon J., and J. Sanderfon, Kent, farmers, March a3 - Roberts J. Kent road, Southwark, ftone mafon, March 30 Robertfon J. Lydd, Kent, linen draper, April13 Sanders R. Croydon, cowskeeper, March 30 Sanders J, Hinckley, Leicefter, corn dealers April 4 Sarqui A. J. Bury ftreet, London, merchant, April 6 Saunders T. Borough market, Southwark, builder, May 18 Scott T- Mannington. Kent, vi¢tualler, March 26 Shenfton T, Market Bufworth, Leicelter, draper, March 2 Sherwood, J. W. Néwgate ftreet, cheefemonger, April 20 Singleton J. A. Manchefter, watch maker, Aprilto Slater, T. Ottery St. Mary, Devon, currier, March 22 Smith and W. Harrifon, Addie ftreet, warehoufemen, Apri] 2 ‘ Stanley S. Derby, grocer, April 6 Stone VW’. and T. Laurarce, Rutland place, Upper Thames ftreet, and S, Payne. Chelfea, coal merchants, Aprilg® Stretton S. Willingdon, Suffex;, fhopkeeper, March 23 Sutherland R. Newman ftreet, merchant; March 16 Swallow A. Selby, York, money-fcrivener, March 76 Tabart B. Bond ftreet, bookfeller, May 18 ‘Taylor C. Briftol, filverfinith, March 25 > ‘Thomfon J. Colchefter, grocer, March 30 3 ‘yoifon P. and R. Leeds, York, merchants, April 3 Tripp }. Brifol, woollen draper. April 30 ” ‘Trott D. Old Change, calico printer, March 23 2 ‘Tubb W., and J. A. A. Scott, King’s road, PimlicO) num ferymén, April 6 Tullo }. Great Coram ftreet, Ruffel fquare, merchant) April 2 wit, Turner R. R. Hull, grocer, April r Tweddell J. Liverpool, fadler. April 10 Vallance W. Eaft lanc, Bermondiey, builder, March 23 Valley S. Hull, merchant, April§ ‘2 Van Dyck; P. D., A. J. G. Leaven, and W. A. de Gruiet Vink, Circus, Minories, merchants, March 26 Wall, J. Oxtord ftreet, hatter, April 30 Wallis J. E. Colchefter, merchant, April 2 é watfon J. E'ton, Lancatter, cotton fpinner, April 16 _ White T. junior, Stroud, Kent, coal menchant, April § Williams A. Cheltenham, jeweilery March 23 4, Willings T. Church lane, Whitechapel painter, April2o Willis J. Pudding lane, London, merchant, May 7 Willis J-, G. M+ Jukes, J. G. Jackfon, and J. Langleys salifbury {quare, Fleet treet, merchants, April43 Wilfon W. Colchetter, merchant, April 3 : Winniett B. Margaret ftreet, flock-broker, March 30 _ Wittingnam W. Lynn, Norfolk, printer, April 20 Wood R. Margate, grocer. March 26 Woodroffe E. Weollattone, Glocefter, irom manufaéturer, Apyil 17 Wood wae J. Derby, lace manufacturer, April 15 Wovlcombe W. and W. Rotherhithe, thip builders, March 29 Wootten C, Bath, milliner, Aprils ) Worth M. Dowgate hill, Rationer, April 16 ) Wright W, Stockport, Chefier, hair dreffer, be 10 Wright S. fenior, Grange Road, Bermondfey, bricklayer, March 30. — STATE OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS IN MARCH. Containing official Papers and authentic Documents. —a : SPAIN. FRHE French army continues to detain and amuse Lord Wellington in Portu- gal. Massena has broken up from Santa- rem, his late head-quarters ; and perhaps - Lord Wellington has moved his head-quar- ters in the direction of the enemy. is lordsbip is master of the Fabian system,’ but we still exclaim, cui bono 27 , Near Cadia there has been an affair of: useless - ~ 18 11.] - useless valour; but who ever doubted the superior prowess of the British sol- diery, and their power of defeating an equal or moderately superior number of any other troops in the world? What was done at Cressy, Poicriers, and Agin- court, may be done again by English troops on any suitable occasion. We have subjoined the interesting dispatches of Genera Granam. ; Dowsing-strect, March 25. Dispatches, of which the following are copies, were last night received at the Earl of Liverpool’s Office, addressed to his lordship by Lieut.-Gen. Graham, dated Isle de Leon, 6th and 10th of March, 1811. ; Isle de Leon, March 6, 1811. - My Lorpv,—Captain Hope, my first Aid- de-Camp, will have the honour of delivering this dispatch to.inform your lordship of the glorious issue of an action fought yesterday by the division under my command, against the army commanded by Marshal Victor, com- posed of the two divisions, Rufin and Laval. -The circumstances were such as compelled me to attack this very superior force. In or- der as. well to explain to your lordship the circumstances of peculiar disadvantage under which such an action was begun, as to justify myself from the imputation of rashness in the attempt, I must state to your lordship that the aliiedarmy, aiter a night’s march of six- teen hours from the camp near Veger, ar- * tived in the morning on the fifth, on the low -sidge of Barrosa, about four miles to the southward of the mouth of the Santi Petri river. This*height extends inland about a mile and a half, containing on the north the extensive heathy plain of Chiclana. A great pine forest skirts the plain, and circles round the height at some distance, terminating down to Santi Petri; the intermediate space between the north side of the height, and the forest being uneven and broken. -A well conducted and successful attack on the rear of the enemy’s lines, near Santi Petri, by the vanguard of the Spanish army under Brigadier General Ladrizabel, having opened the communication with the Isla de Leon, I received General De Penas?s direc- tions to move down from the position of Bar- rosa, to that of the Torre de Bermesa, about half-way to the Santi Petri river. in order to secure the communication across the river, over which a bridge had been lately esta- blished. This latter positian occupies a nar- ig . . . row woody ridge, the right on the sea cliff, the left falling down to the Almanza Creek, on the edge of the Marsh. A hard sandy beach yives %n easy communication between ' the western points of these two positions. My division, being halted on the eastern slope of the Barrosa height, was marched _ about twelve o'clock through the wood to- _ ‘Waids the Bermesa, (cavalry patroles having “State of Public Affairs in March. 275 previously been sent towards Chiclana, with” out meeting with the enemy.) On th® march, I received notice that the enemy had appeared in force on the plain, and was ad- vancing towards the heights of Barrosa. As I considered that position as the key of that of Santi Petri, I immediately counter- marched, in order to support the troops left for its defence 3 and the alacrity with which this mancuvre was executed, served as a favourableomen. It was however impossible in such intricate and difficult ground to pre- serve order in the columns, and there never was time to restore it entirely. But before we could get ourselves quite disentangled from the wood, the troops on the Barrosa hill were seen returring from it, while the enemy’s left wing was rapidly as- cending. At the same time his right wing stood on the plain, on the edge of the wood, within cannon shot. A retreat in the face of such an enemy, already within reach of the easy communication by the sea-beach, must have involved the whole allied army in all the danger of being attacked during the un- avoidable confusion of the different corps ar- riving on the narrow ridge of Bermesa, nearly at the same time. Trusting to the known heroism of Brifish troops, regardless of the numbers and position of theirenemy, an immediate attack was de- termined on. Major Duncan soon opened a powerful battery of ten guns in the centre, Brigadier-general Dilkes with the brigade of Guards, Lieutenant-colonel Crowe’s (of the 28th) flank battalion, Lieutenant colonel Nor- cott’s two companies of the 2d rifle corps, and Major Acheson, with a part of the 67th foot, (separated from the regiment in the wood) formed on the right. Colonel Wheatly’s brigade, with three companies of the Coldstream Guards, under Lieutenant-colonel Jackson, (separated like- wise from his battalion in the wood), and Lieutenant-colonel Barneard’s flank battalion formed on the left. As soon as the infantry was thus hastily got together, the guns advanced to a more fayourable position, and kept up a most de- structive fire, Phe right wing proceeded to the attack of General Rufin’s division on the hill, while Lieutenant-colonel Barnard’s batialion, and Lieutenant-colonel Bushe’s detachment of the 20th Portuguese, were warmly engaged with the enemy’s tirailleurs on our left, General Laval’s division, notwithstanding the havoc made by Majer Duncan’s battery, continued toadvance in very imposing masses, opening his fire of musquetry, and was only checked by that of the left wing. The left wing now advanced, firing; a most de~ termined charge by the three companies of Guards, and the 87th regiment, supported by all the remainder of the wing, decided the defeat of General Laval’s division. The eagle of the eighth regiment of light infantry» ~ ww 276, which suffered immensely, and a howitzer, fewarded this charge, and remained in pos- session of Major Gough, of the 87th regi- ment. These attacks were zealously sup- ported by Colonel Belson, with the “8th re- -giment, and Lieutenant-colonel Prevost, with a part of the 67th. A reserve formed beyond the narrow. val- Tey, across which the enemy was closely pur- sued, next shared the same fate, and was routed by the same means. . Meanwhile, the right wing was not less successful; the enemy, confident of success, met General Dilkes on the ascent of the hill, and the centest was sanguinary 5 but the un- daunted perseverance of the brigade of guards, of Licuten nt-colonel Browne’s bat- talion, and of Lieutenant-colonel Norcott’s and Major Acheson’s detachment, overcame every obstacle, and General Rufin’s division was driven from the heights in confusion, leaving two pieces of cannon. Noexpressions of mine could do justice to the conduct of the troops throughout. No- thing less than the almost unparalleled ex- ertions of every officer, the iavincible bravery of every soldier, and the mest determined devotion to the honour of his Majesty's arms in all, could have atchieved this brilliant success, against such a formidable enemy, so posted. In less than an hour and a half from the commencement of the action, the enemy was in full retreat. The retiring divisions met, halted, and seemed inclined to form: a new and more advanced position of our artillery quickly dispersed them. The exhausted state of the troops made pursuit impossible.’ A position was taken on the eastern side of the hill; and we were strengthened on our right by the return of the two Spanish battalions that had heen at- tached before to my division, but which I had _ left on the hill, and which had been ordered to retire. These battalions (Walloon ‘auras and Cju- dad real) made every effort to come back in time, when it was known that we were engaged. I understand, too, from General Whitting- ham, that, with three squadrons of cavalry, he kept in check a corps of infantry and ca- valry that attempted to turn the Barrosa height by the sea. One squadron of the 2d Hussars, King’s German Legion, under Capt. Busche, and directed by Lieut.-Col. Pon- sonby, (both had been attached to the Spanish cavalry) joined in time to makea brilliant and most successful charge against a squadron of French dragoons, which was entirely routed. An eagle, six pieces of cannon, the general of division Ruafin, and the general of brigade Rovéseau, wounded and taken; the chief of the staff, General Beliegarde, an aide-de- camp of Marshal Victor, “and the colonel of the 8th regiment, with many other officers killed, and several wounded and taken pri- State of Public Affairs in March. oo hs ane ee [April 1, soners ; the field covered with the dead bodice’ and arms of the enemy, attest that my con- fidence in this division was nobly repaid. Where all have so distinguished them- selyes, it is scarcely possible to discriminare » any as the most deserving of praise. Your lordship will, however, observe how glori- ously the brigade of guards, under Brigadier- general Dilkes, with the commanders of the battalions Lieut.-col. the Hon C. Onslow ~ and Lieut.-Col. Sebright (wounded), as well as the three separated companies under Licut.- col. Jackson, maintained the high character of his Majesty’s household troops, Lieut.- col. Browne, with his flank battalion, Lieut. col, Norcott, and Major Acheson, deserve equal praise. And I must equally recommend to your lordship’s notice Colonel Wheatly, with Co- lonel Belson; Lieut. colonel Prevost, and Major Gough, and the oflicers of the respec tive corps composing his brigade. The animated charges of the 87th regi- ment, were most conspicuous; Lieutenant- colonel Barnard (twice wounded), and the officers of ‘his flank battalion, executed the duty of skirmishing in advance with the ene= my in a masterly manner, aud were ably se- conded by Lieut..col, Busshe of the 20th Por- tuguese, who, likewise twice wounded, fell into the enemy's hands, but was afterwards rescued. Thedetachment of this Portuguese regiment behaved adniirably throughout the whole affair. I owe too much to Major Duncan, and the officers and corps of the Royal Artillery, not to mention them in terms of the highest approbation; never was artillery better served. The assistance I received from the un- wearied exertions of Lieut.-col. Macdonald, and the officers of the adjutant. general’s de- partment, of Lieut-col. the Hon. C. Cathcart, and the officers of the quarter-master genew ral’s department, of Captain Birch and Capt. Nicholas, aad the cflicers of the Royal Engi- neers, of Capt. Hope, and the officers of my personal staff, (all animated by their exam- ple,) will ever be most gratefully rememe= ' bered. Our loss has been severe; as soon as it can be ascertained by the proper return, £ shall have the honour of transmitting it. But, much as it is to be lamented, L trust it will be considered as a necessary sacrifice, for the safety of the whole allied army. Having remained some hours on the Bare rosa heights, without being able to procure any supplies for the exhausted troops, the Commissariat mules having been dispersed on the enemy’s first attack of the hill, 1 left Major Ross with the detachment of the 2d battalion of the 95th, and withdrew the rest of the division, which crossed the’Santi Petri river early the next morning. I cannot conclude this dispatch without earnestly recommending to his Majesty's gracious notice for promotion, Brevet Lieu- tenant~ ll ee tenant-colonel Browne, Major of the 28th foot, Brevet Lieutenant-colone! Norcott, Major of the 95th, Major Duncan, Royal Artillery, Major Gough, of the 87th, Major the Honourable E. Acheson, of the 67th, and Captain Birch, of the Royal Engincers, all in the Somiiand of corps or detachments on this memorable service; and I confidently trust chat the bearer of this dispatch, Captain Hope, (to whom I refer your lordship for fur- ther details) will be promoted, on being per- mitzed to lay the eagle at his Majesty’s feet. I have the henour to be, &e. THomMas Granam. P.S. I beg leave to add, that two Spanish officers, Captains Miranda and Naughton, at- tached to my staff, behaved with the utmost intrepidity. bh Isle de Leon, March 10, 1811. My Lorpv,—I have the honour to transmit to your lordship, the return of the killed and wounded in the actionof the 5th instant, and I have the satisfaction to add, that the wounded in general are dvinz walt By the best account that can be collected from the wounded French officers, the enemy had about 8000 men engaged. Their loss by reports from Chiclana, in killed, wounded, and prisoners, is supposed toamount to 5000 ; I have no doubt of its being very great. _T transmit too a return of the ordnance in our possession, and ajso the most accurate note that can be obtained of prisoners, most of whom are wounded. They are so dispersed tn different hospitals, that an exact return has not been obtained. . Ihave the honour to be, &c. ' Tuomas Granam, Lieut.-Col. -§. Detachments of cavalry and infantry have been daily employed in carrying off the wounded, and burying the dead, cill the evening of the 8th instant, by which time all the enemy’s wounded that could be found, among the brushwood and heath were brought in. LIST OF THE KILLED AND WOUNDED. FROM THE LONDON GAZETTE EXTRAOR- DINARY. Rank and names of Officers killed and wounded in the action of Barrosa. Killed.—Staf; Ensign Eyre, Ist guards, acting aid-de-camp to Colonel Wheatley. dst regiment of guards, Ensign Cummercll. —Coldstream guards, Ensign Watts.—3d guards, Captain Swam.—47th, 2d battalion, Ensign Delacherois.—87th, od battalion, Ensign F. E. Rough.-—-95th, 9d battalion, Captain Knipe. N.8. Ensign Eyre is returned in the killed of the ist regiment of guards. | Severely Wounded. —2d hussars King’s Ger= man legion, Capt. Voss, (since dead.) —Royal Artillery, Lieutenants Mai‘land and Pester. —1st guards, Lieut. colonel Sebright, Capt. Stables and Colquict, Ensigns Sir H. Lambert, Cameron, and Vigors.—3d guards, Licute- nant-colonel Hepbura.—ist battalion 9th State of Public Affairs in Marche 217 foot, Captain Godwin, and. Lieutenant Se ward.—1st battalion 28th foot, Hon, Captain Mullins, Lieutenants Wilkinson, Moore, and John Anderson.—1st battalion 82d foor, Lieutenant M‘Koy —3d battalion 25th foot, Lieutenant-colonel Barnard, Lieut. W. Camp-, bell.—2d battalion 67th foot, Captain Pa» trickson, Ensign Sutherland.—2d_ battalion 37th foot, Major Maclaine, Captain Somer« sall, Lieutenants J. G Fennell and J C. Bare ton.—-2d battalion 95th foot.—Licutenants, Cochrane and Hope Dangerously Wounded —Royal Artillery, Lieutenant Woolcombe, (since dead).—1st battalion 9th foot, Lieutenant Jaylor.—ist battalion 28th foot, Lieutenant Light and Bennet (since dead).—-ZOth Portuguese, Lieutenant-colonel Bushe. Slightly Wounded. —2< hussars, King’s Gere man legion, Lieutenant Bock.—Royal Artil- lery, Captains Hughes and Cator, Lieutenants E. Mitchell, Brereton, and C. Manners.—» 1st guards, Captain Adair, Ensign Fielde.— Coldstream guards, Ensign Bentinck and Tale, bot. —5d guards, Ensign and Adjutant Wete son.—1st battalion Oth fout, Lieutenant Ro- binson.—Ist battalion ¥8th foor, Capt. Brad- bey, Lieutenant Blakeney.—2d battalion 824 foul, Captain Stewart.—3d battalion 93th foot, Livut. Hovenden.--2d battalion 47ch, foot, Capt.. Fetierstone.—@d battalion 67th foot, Licut.-col. Prevost, Lieut. W. Ronald, —20th Portuguese, Capt. Barrieras, Lieute- nants Dom, Esteval, Pantalchuo de Oliviero, Ensign Felix Antduia Miranda.—Staf¥ ; Ca tain D. Mercer, 3d regiment of sande, ba de-camp to Brigade general Dilkes. ; N.B, Captain Mercer is returned ia the wounded of the Sd regiment of guards. (Signed) foun Macponarp. Lieut.-col. Deputy Adjutant General. GREAT BRITAIN. pie The following letter of the Prince of Wales to his father’s mimsters, op his. entering on the functions of Reye..., dees justice to the sentiments of lis Royal Highness, and proves hint worthy of the confidence of the intelligent and indee pendent part of the nation, althouzh the juncture of affairs prevents his Royal Highness from carrying bis public-spirited wishes into execution. : Carlton House, Feb. 4, 1811. The Prince of Wales consiaers the moment to be arrived, which calls for his decision with: respect to the persons to be employed by him,’ in the administration of the executive go> vernment of the country, according to the powers vested in him by the Bill passed by the two houses of parliament, and now on the point of receiving the sancti on of the’ great seal. ¢ The Prince feels it incumbent upon him, at this precise juncture,’ to communicate toy Mr. Perceval his intention not to remove’ from their stations those whom he finds 218° there, as his Majesty's official servants. At the same time, the Prince owes it to the. truth and sincerity of character, which, he trusts, will appear in every action of his life, in whatever situation placed, explicitly to de- clare, that the irresistible impulse of filial daty and afiection to his beloved and afflicted father, Jeads him to dread, that any act of the Regent might, in the smailest degree, have the effect of interfering with the pro- gress of his Sovereign’s recovery. This consideration alone dictates the deci- sion now communicated to Mr. Perceval. Having thus performed an act of indispen- ‘gable duty, from a just sense of what is due to his own consistency and honour, the Prince has only to add, thet, among the many blessings to be derived from his Ma- jesty’s restoration to health, and to the per- sonal exercise of his royal functions, it. will not, in the Prince’s estimation, be the least, that that most fortunate event will at once rescue him from 2 situation of unexatnpled embarrassment, and put an end toa state of affairs, ill calculated, he fears, to sustain the interests of the United Kingdom, in this awful and perilous crisis, and most difficult €o be reconciled to the genuine principles of the British constitution.” ~ Mr, Perceval’s answer. Downing-street, Feb.5, 1811. Mr. Perceval presents his humble duty to your Royal Highness, and has the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your Royal Fiighness’s letter of last night, which reach- ed him this morning. Mr. Perceval feels it his duty to express his humble thanks to your Royal Highness, for the frankness with which your Royal Highness has condescended, explicitly, _to communicate the motives which have in- duced your Royal Highness to honour his col- leagues and him with your commands for the continuance of their services, in the stations entrusted to them by the King. And Mr. Perceval begs leave’ to assure your Royal Highness, that, in the expression of your Royal Highness’s sentiments of filial and loyal attachment to the King, and of anxiety for the speedy restoration of his Majesty s health, Mr. Perceval can see nothing but edditional motives for their most anxious ex~- ertions to give satisfaction to your Royal Highness, in the only manner In which it can be given, by endeavouring to promote your Royal Highness’s views, for the secu- rity and happiness of the country. Mr, Perceval has never failed to regret the impression of your Royal Highness, with regard to the provisions of the Regency Bill, which his Majesty’s servants felt it to be their duty to recommend to Parliament. But, he ventures to submit to your Royal High- ness, that, whatever difficulties the present awful crisis of the country and the world may create, in the administration of the execu- tive government, your Royal Highness will ‘pot find them, in any degree, increased, by State of Public Affairs in March. ae ba ys [April a é the temporary suspension of the exercise of those branches of the royal prerogative, which has been introduced by Parliament, in, conformity to what was intended on a former similar occasion; and that, whatever minis- ters your Roya) Highness might think pro- per toemploy, would find in that full sup. port and countenance which, as long as they were honoured with your Royal Highness’s commands, they would feel confident they would. continue to enjoy ample and sufficient means, to enable your Royal Highness effec- tually to maintain the great and important interest of the United Kingdom. And Mr. Perceval humbly trusts, that, whatever doubts your Royal Highness may entertain with respect to the constitutional , propriety of the measures which have been adopted, your Royal Highness will feel as- sured, that they could not have been recom- mended by his Majesty's servants, nor sanc-+ tioned by Parliament, but upan the sincere, though possibly erroneous, conviction, that they in no degree trenched upon the trae principles and spirit of the constitution. Mr. Perceval feels it his duty to add, that he holds himself in yeadiness, at any mo-« ment, to wait upon your Royal Highness, and to receive any commands, with which your Royal Highness may be gracivusly pleased to honour him. Many interesting debates haye passed in Parliament, within the imonth, the lead in tie Upper House being taken by Lords Moira, Holland, Lansdown, Gren- ville, Erskine, Stanhope; &c.; and in the Commons by Messrs. Whitbread Ponsonby, Romilly, Folkstone, Burdett, W. Smith, and others. Six millions of exchequer bills are td be lent on security, for the relief of merchants, aid, we rather fear, of speculators, who need capital to keep up the price of their stocks—as the discounts of the Bank prove inadequate to the purpose. A practical commentary on much that has been published in this Magazine, has been furnished, by a sudden advance in the nominal value of the 4s. 3d. dollar, from 5s. its late price, to 5s. 6d.; so that eleven one-pound notes may now be had for 40 dollars, instead of ten, as here- tofore ! Permanent and Annual Taxes, 1809-10, Net Product. Customs oo eee cence sn be eee SS Excise 2.5 .c'Soee te oo Soe a eee Stamps...... + SESSA Gec 5,309,843 Land and assessed taxes.....-.. 8,742,483 Post’ office )scemieae a d= haces 1,370,069 Pensions and salaries, 1s. duty, and 6d. ANtYig too. a5 ~'o,n nae 84,743 Hackney coaches........---- 25,925 Hawkers and pedlars .....-..- 12,995 Carried forward 41,299,021 > Brought forward 41,299,021 Hereditary Crown revenues ---- 118,750 Extraordinary Resources —War Taxes. Customs... ...--.- 2-22 00-- 3,072,761 BeuGie Sack cea cee ~~ a 5,638,216 Property tax......------ 2-- 212,134,118 Arrears of income, duty, &c... 26,043 Sundries. : Lottery (net profit), one-third for Reta Shae Moe ke 2 Se 435,818 Interest of loans for Ireland....-. 2,260,436 Exchequer bills at Grenada. -..-- 15,000 Surplus fees of regulated public offices 104,564 Carried forward 63,104,527 1811.] Incidents and Marriages in and near London. 279 Brought forward 69,104,527 Surplus revenue of the Isle of Man 9,717 An account of interest of loan to Portugal. -- <2. .-.)----'--<'5 28,585 Impost money repaid by sundry ac- countants ........------- a 83,968 Of the monies paid to the public 469 Total income, independent of loans 65,227,266 Loans paid into the Exchequer, including three millions for Ireland, and 600,0001. for Por- NEY {gal ercten «alate ain eevee e-- 14,675,668 _—— £79,902,934 Ejghty millions! 7. — EE LE INCIDENTS, ‘MARRIAGES, anv DEATHS, ty anv near LONDON + With Biographical Memoirs of distinguished Characters recently deceased, A PROJECT has been formed for the es- -tablishment of two great fishing societies. The Imperial Association, with a loan of a million, propose to give encouragement, by the loan of money, to the establishment of stores, of casks, salt, and other materials, for curing all round the ifland, both to the Deep Sea Fishery and the Coast Fishery 5. and ‘to make a grand depot in London, as en ar- ticle both of internal consumption and foreign trade. The Royal Western Fishery, with a capital of 300,000], is for the purpose of establishing a fishery on an extent of coast, “reaching over the Nymph Bank to the Scilly Islands, and from..Cornwall to South Wales. Proposals for a new theatre, to be called e Alfred Theatre, are in circulation. e theatre is to be built and supported by subscription; 52,0001. to be raised: for. the building, and 21,0001. yearly. The theatre is to be either in the parish of Marybone, or that of St. George, Hannover-square. None but subscribers, their families, and friends, are to be admitted to the.perform- ances, which are to consist entirely of moral plays, two in a week; and a committee is to expunge from old plays they may adopt, every immoral paflage. The chief propri- €tors and subscribers will amount to 600, from whom the directors are to be chosen, and who may introduce their families and friends; other persons are to be admitted by ballot. Itis suggested that they may easily collect an audience of 1000 unexceptionable persons, but that they will not be able to procure: performers sufficiently virtuous. to exhibit before such an audience, “On Tuesday, Feb. 26, the Society for maintaining and educating Poor Orphans of Clergymen till of age, to be put Apprentice, held their anniversary meeting at the Free- masons’ Tavern, Great Queen-street, Line coln’s-inn-fields, which was numerously and very respectably attendcd. Twelve poor or- phans (out of twenty petitioners) were elected into the Society’s schouis- The com- mittee appointed to carry into eftect the resolution of the general court in November 1809, as to fixing upon a spot for new schools and promoting subscriptions for building the same, made their report: from which it ap- pears, that the place they have chosen is a part of St. John’s Wood Farm, a very healthy situation about half a mile north of Baker- street; that one of the schools ‘has for some time been covered in, and the internal work is now in a state of forwardness; that the sub- scriptions to the undertaking have been very liberal, amounting to upwards of 90001.;) and the committee enterta'n a confident hope, from what they have already experienced, that a benevolent public will enable them to complete their whole design without break- ing into their permanent funds. On Monday, March 11, a very numerous mecting of noblemen and gentlemen was held at’ the Freemasons? Tavern, for the purpose of founding a permanent institution to carry into effect his Majesty’s views with respect to the introduction of Merino sheep, it being fully ascertained that this valuable race of animals are admirably adapted to the soil and climate of the British empire. A complete unanimity prevailed through the assembly, and every individual seemed anxions to aid this great national object.” An estae . blishment was formed under the title of the Merino Society, rules and regulations were adopted, resolutions passed, and officers ap- pointed; after which nearly 300 noblemen and gentleraen became members. The Right hon. Sir Joseph Banks, who has so long-and zealously supported the Merino cause, sided as chairman. MARRIED. At Buckingham-house, Pall Mall, the Hon. Everard Arundel; eldest son of Lord Agundel, to Lady Mary Grenvitle, daughter- of the Marquis of Buckingham. pte Geomarhih). \ plain 260 Marriages and Deaths in and near London. [April 1 a At St. Luke’s, Thomas Perronet Thomp- son, Jate governor of Sierra Leone, to Ann Elizabeth, daughter of the Rev. Thomas Barker, of York.—Witliam Mann, esq. to Miss Matilda Milne, of Finsbury-place. ' At Tottenham, the Rev. Guy Bryan, to ‘Selina, third daughter of John Wilmot, esq. of Bruce Castle. « “At Sihoréditch, Mr. George Tatlock, of Milk-street; Cheapside, to Ann, daughter of Charles Lilly, esq. of Coventry. | At Aldgate, S.S. Hall, esq. of the Circus, ‘Minories, to Miss De Bie, of the Grove, Stratford, Essex. , / * At Lambeth, Robert Lloyd, esq. to Ann, second daughter of the Rev. Edward Ri- chards, of Llangwm, Denbighshire. —Samuel Gower Poole, .esq. of Chelsea, to Helen, daughter Of C. C. Hall, esq: of Raleigh House, Brixton. : At Edmonton, Joseph Wright, esq. of Al- germanbury, to Charlotte, eldest daughter of William Hodgson, esq. "Mr. Rowland Rouse, of Market Harbo- yough, Leicestershire, to Miss M. B. Sturges, daughter of the Rev. Joseph S. senior, of Wappenham, Northan)ptonthire. At Hackney, Mr. Geil, of Eastbourne, Sussex, solicitor, to Miss Gill, At St. Andrew’s, Holborn, Colonel Cowell, to Mrs. Whitehorne, widow of Counsellor W. of Jataica, _ At St. George’s, Bloomsbury, Fortunatus Dwarris, esq. of the Middle Temple, to Miss Brereton, of Bernard-street, Russel square. Att Sr. James’s, Lieut. Col. Watts, barrack- master at Chatham, to Miss Chapman, of Sloane-street. ’ At Mary-le-bone, Major-general Rey- nolds, to Mary, eldest daughter of John Hunter, esq, his Majesty’s consul-general in Spain.—The Rev. Henry Townsend, son of Gore T. esq. of Honington Hall, Warwick= shire, to Catharine Anne, second daughter of Augustus Pechell, esq. of Portnian-square. —Augustus Bayson, esq. of Nelson-square, to Miss Elizabeth. Chambers, of Charlotte- street, Portland-place.—-Colonel Jones, of the 18th light dragoons, to Antonia, young- ést daughter of the ‘late Henry Swinburne, €3q, of Hamsterly, Durham. At St. Panctas, Colone] Boyce, of the. Bombay establishment, to Miss Ann Aldous, of Fitzroy-street.—Danicl Lambert, jun. esq. of Martin’s-lane, Cannon-street, to -Chris- tiana, daughter of William Taylor, esq. of the Terrace, Tottenham-court-road. “At St. George's, Hanover-square, Wil- liam Peere Williams, esq. only son of Ad- miral W. to Miss Blencowe, eldest daughter of R. W. B. esq. of Darlington, Northamp- tonshire,—Robert Chester Cooper, esq. of Lewes, Sussex, to Careline, third daughter of the late George Shum, esq. ’ At St. Bride’s, Flect-streety Mr.- Thomas Derry, of Dorset-street, to Mary, youngest daughter of Joshua Hobbs, esq. of Cheshunty CTLs, ; 2 DIED. At the age of 76, his grace the Duke of Graftou, chancellor of Cambridge, recorder of Coventry and Thetford, &c. Scc.—Of this nobleman a full account is given in another part of this Nusler. } At his house in Duval’s-lane, near Horns sey, after a short illness, in the 63th year of his age, Mr. Fokn Leech, formerly an emi- nent leather seller on Snow-hill. He was @ man much and deservedly respected in all the relative situations of life, and he has left a widow and seven children to lament the loss of the best of husbands, and most tender of parents. Asa man, he possessed from nature first-rate talents; read much; his judgment in most cases was correct, which induced him to select the most valuable and important parts of what came under his con- sideration and perusal; and a considerable originality of thought, and a great inde- peudance of mind, which taught him to despise where conviction was insufficient, though this doubtless made him enemies. arnongst men who implicitly received other's opinions without examination in matters of religion and civil policy, but it is a conduct, which, as lovers of truth, we must adniire. These qualifications in Mr. Leech, mace him a rationally agreeable original, and instructive and eloguent in conversation. In a coach, on his return from the house of a friend, (supposed by the rupture of a blood vessel) Richard Dalton, esq. of Camber- well, in the 53d year of his age, a native of Wigton, in Cumberland, and date a partner in the stationary business of Messrs. Wright, and Gill, Abchurch-lane, London, and latterly assosiated with the Messrs. Ma Se His disposition was so modest an 2 tiring, chat no one*knew the ‘of his character, who was not intimately ac- quainted with him. He has been repeat- edly solicited by the inhabitants: of the ward in which his house of business stood’ to be their alderman, which he as constantly declined, from a love of books and retirement, and a contempt of civic-honours; for, having been the partner of two gentlemen who had served the office of Lord Mayor of London, he had seen too much of the office to induce him to covet it. His manners were modest and’unassuming 3 no one ever saw him pay court to a rich or powerful man} no one ever heard him converse with one in humble life, but with respectful attention. His mind was stored with various reading, and he united, in a degree almost utiexampled, the most correct and measured understanding, with the kindest and most benevoient heart. eIn Great Ormond-street, Afrs. Thornton, relict of Godfrey T. esq. of Moggerhanger House, Bedfordshire. In Duke-street, Portland-place, Soba Tare rant, esq. late of Chancery-lane. In Lower Grosvenor-street, 2drs. Molyneus,y sister of sir Francis 'M. At his father’s, near Upper George-strect, Portman- Fl ‘ i - rett.] Portman-squate, Sampson Scher, esq. of the Polygons Sethi tony - At the house of her brother, the Ho- nourable A. Cochrane Johnstone, . Lady Efizabeth Heron, widow of Patrick H. of Heron, esq. . At Woolwich, Mrs. Yeo, relict of Captain Y. late governor of the royal naval hospital at Haslar. ; ' At Whetstone, Ars. Stoddart, relict of Lieut-S. of the royal navy. _ In Wigmore-street, at tae Bishop of Chi- chester’s, Admiral Buckner. _ In Russell-square, Yohn Harrison, esg. only son of Robert H..esq. banker, of Mansioa- House-street. At Chelsea, Mrs. Delancy, widow of Bri- gadier-general Oliver D. 88. _ In Manchester-square, Lieut.-general Gerrit Fisher. _ In Saville-row, Mrs. Lyell, relict of Henry L. esa. of: Bourn House, Cambridgeshire, and grandmother to Earl Delawar, 81. In Portman-square, Mrs. Moffatt, widow. of John M. esq. . At Hampton Court Palace, Louise Mary, spangest daughter of Lieut. Col, Braddyl, of the Coldstream guards. In Lincoln’s-inn Fields, 77. H. Munday, €5q. partners with Messrs. Wilson and Chis- olme, eminent solicitors. , At Somer’s Town, George Countess, esq. rear-admiral of the white. In Red Lion-street, London Docks, JZ. a a wife of Mr.'Thomas H, | Whitechapel, William, Watson, esq. bre ; Fp ee _In Harley~street, Henry Septimus, infant son of Charles Pole, esq. ‘ In. Upper George-street, Portman square, Mrs,. Tolsony wife of Major-general T. of the East India Company’s service. ; - In Berkeley-squate, Airs. Fobuwn, relict of Mr. James J. Tn, Joansstreet, Bedford-row, Adary, daugh- ter of R- Litchfield, esq. of Torrington, Devon. _ An. Durham. place, Mr. Fobn Blake, 71. _ At Camberwell, Henrietta, wife of Captain W. Parker, late of the Bengal artillery. _In.Finsbury-place, Mary, wife of W. Ban- bury, esq 34 . In Craig’s-court, Charing Crossy Mrs, Hy bourny wifeof Mr. W. solicitor. * In. East India Buildings, 24s. Gear, wife of Robert G. esq, 30- f - In Gower-street, the only son’ of James Kelly, exq, , _ In New Bond-street,, AZrs.. Lochzvood, relict Of Captain L. of the second West York. militia. At Stockwell Common, Mr. Yokw Barclay, BY. ~ In Lower Grosvenor-street, Mary Ann, wife of che Rev. j. C, Morphew, of Walpole, Norfolk, ~Monauty Maa, No. 211. Deaths in and near London. 2st Tn Upper Grosvenor-street, Fobe Henry Barrow, esg. of Hill Park, Kent. In Grosvenor-street, aged 86, Fomes Bru- denell, earl of Cardigan, baron Brudenell of Dean, in the county of Northampton. His lordship held the places of privy purse to his Majesty, and governor of Windsor Castle. He first married Lady Ann Legge, sister to the second éarl of Dartmouth; and secondly, Lady Elizabeth Waldegrave, sister to the fourth earl of Waldegrave. Having died without male issue, he is suéceeded in his’ title and estates by his nephew, Mr: Brudenell, one of the equesies to the queen. Baron Fokn Henry Neuman, aged 67, for- merly an officer in the Austrian service, au- thor of the Marine Diétionary, &c. and lately an eminent translator of languages. His attaimments as a linguist, have rarely been equalled... . On Tuesday, Feb. 19th, at Great Stan- more, in the 65th year of his age, Mr. Wits liam Parker, many years the faithful servarit and confidential ayent of the late Thomas Clutterbuck, esq. and his family, of that place. Devoted from his infancy to the’ ins terests of a family from whom he had’ res ceived his early education, he served them, during the long period of fifty-three years, - with an attachment and fidelity so remark- able, as seldom tobe equalled, and perhaps never exceeded, by any one placed in a si- tuilar situation. From a Knowledge of his long tried and faithful services, and from a Conviction of his warm and affedrionate’ dis position, he had long beén considered as a friend; and with such ardent gratitude did he repay the confidence reposed in him, that the interesfs of his master’s family became his own, and his Nonest heart was elevated with joy, or depressed’ with grief, in propor= tion to the vicissitudes of success or disaps pointment, affliction or happiness, incident to the concerfs of a numerous family during their progress through life; but gratitude to his master’s family, and undeviating recs titude in all his transactions with mankind, ’ were not his only virtues, Deepiy impressed with the genuine truths of the Christian res ligion, he never failed to put tiem’ in prace tice whenever visited by coriestic aff ction, or bodily infirmity; and’during his'last illness he displayed the sarhe’ piety and resignation to the divine. will, which had’ marked every action of his weil-spent life. Fle rétained his faculties to the Jast, » ok a stlemn and affectionate leave of his friends ard relations, gave his dying admonitién to’ his children, and transacted his worldly concerns with a fortitude and composure truly exemplary, Some time-before his death he received the sacrament, and, without a single instartce of complaint or murmur, resigned “himself to the will of his Maker without a sigh’ or groan: He was followed to the grave by all the sure viving sons of- his deceased’ master, wha \ 2N withedy _with her intimacy. 282 _ Deaths in and near London. wished, by this last tribute of their esteem and affection, to consecrate the memory and virtues of an honest servant and faithful friend. ’ At the house of his mother, Lady Saltoun, the Hon. Simon Fraser, brother of Lord Sal- toun, in the 23d year of his age. He ex- pired after a few hours illness, deeply re- gretted by his family and numerous con- nections, among whom may be mentioned a new banking or bill-brokering house in the city, of which he was the nominal head. Much pitied youth! Bring fragrant flowers, the whitest lilies bring, With all the purple beauties of the Spring; - These gifts at least, these honours I'll bestow On the dear youth, to please his shade below! Pitt. _. At Clifton, in the 74th year of her age, Elizabeth, Dowager Countess of Cavan, a lady remarkable for the variety of her accom- plishments, and the extent and solidity of her mental endowments. With the greatest refine- ment, taste, and elegance of manners, her lady- ‘ship.combined the most dignified independance of mind. tn her character there was nothing little, nothing mean or selfish; all within Was great, generous, noble, and truly be- coming her exalted station. For several years she was unable, from bodily infirmity, to leave her apartment, yet her almost un- remitting sufferings neither impaired the cheerfulness of her disposition, the warmth of her attachments, the playfulness of her Wit, nor her varied powers of conversation, which continued to the last at once to charm and endear her to the smali circle of friends who were so fortunate as to be honoured Her remains were in- $erred in Bristol cathedral. , Aged 76, Rupert Clarke, esg. one of the Magistrates of the Police-office, Shadwell, and above 50 years in the commission of the peace, and a deputy-licutenant for the county of Middlesex. : Mr.. George. Baker, late of St. Paul’s Church-yard. He was born at Hungerford) in the county of Berks, in January 1747, _ where his. father, the Rev. Thomas Baker, {whose worth still survives in the memory of the inhabitants,).was vicar nearly thirty years. At the age of fourteen he came to London, and was placed in the counting- house of a West India merchant, whence he removed, in 1767, to St. Paul's Church- yard, under the patronage of a maternal _ aunt, at that time engagid in the business of a Jace merchant; which commerce ‘he continued till the time of his decease, with unimpeached integrity. Early in life he shewed a taste for the arts, and after- wards became a zealous and liberal,collector of drawings and engravings, and of many yaluable works of literature, in the choice wf which he evinced a most acturate diss [April 1, crimination. This pursuit engaged much of the time that could be spared from business; and, together with the society of certain eminent artists, formed the chief source of his pleasures. In the works of Hogarth; Woollet, and Bartolozzi, and in the pub- lications which issued from the press at Strawberry-hill, his collection can hardly be surpassed. : At Laytonstone, Mrs. Parsons, widow, well known by her literary works. She was reduced from a state of affluence to the hard necessity of writing to provide for a numerous family. She published in 1790, ** The History of Miss Meredith,” 2 vols. 12mo.; and wrote also ‘* The Errors of In- nocence ;” §* Ellen and Julia;” ** Lucy;” ** The Voluntary Exile ;” and ‘¢ The Girl of the Mountains ;” novels, all of which are respectable -performances: and ‘* The In- trigues of a Morning,” a farce. f In Harley-street, Henry Hope, esg. the Most eminent merchant of his time. He was descended from a branch of the noble family of the same name in Scotland, and was born at Boston, in New England, in the year 1736. At the age of thirteen he came to England to complete his education, and in 1754, entered into the house of Gurnell, Hoare, and Co. ‘There he remained till 1760. When making a yisit to his uncles,’ who were great merchants in Holland, they were so pleased with his amiasle manners and disposition, as well as with his talents,’ that they engaged him to quit the house in London, and become a partner with them in Amsterdam. On the death of his uncle, Adrian Hope, in 1780, the ie aed of the house. devolved upon him, and he managed it inso higha style of good con duct and liberality, as to draw the attention, and ‘raise the admiration, of all Europe. Though he constantly refused to take any office, yet he was always held in the highest consideration by the government; he’ was’ visited by all distinguished travellers, evea by crowned heads. His acquaintance was courted by all ranks of people; at the Ex= change he was the chief object of atten- tion; the men of business formed’ them- selves in a circle round him; and foreign ministers pressed forward through’ the crowd to speak with him on the financial concerns’ of. their réspective countries) The mag- nificence of his table, and his general mode> of living, were suitable to the splendour of his situation. From Holland he made oc- casional visits to this country, partly for health, and partly to keep up his connexion with many friends and eminent persons here ; and, particularly, he employed the summer of 1786, ina general tour round this island,* accompanied by two of his nieces, the daughters of his sister, Mrs. Goddard. The. eldest of whom married Mr. John Williams Hope,son of the Kev. Mr. Williams, of Cornwall, who, during the last years of his: , residence . 1811.) ‘residence in Holland, assisted, and now’ suc- ceeds him in his important commercial con- ‘cerns ; the second daughter married to John Tangston, esq. of London House, Oxford- Shire; the youngest to Admiral Sir Charles Pole, bart. When Holland was invaded by the French, in 1794, he determined finally to quit that country, and settle in England. Not long after his arrival here, he purchased, of Lord Hopetoun, the large house in Har- ley-street, where he deposited his noble Collection of pictures, and resided to the day of his death. On settling in England, he considered bimself as totally disengaged from business, though he assisted the house in Holland with his advice on momentous occasions, and he devoted himself entirely to the encouragement of the arts, of which he was a munilicent patron, and the enjoy- ments of society, among a large and most respectable acquaintance. His temper was so singularly even, mild, engaging, and amiable, that he was beloved by all who had access to him; the kindness of his heart appeared in every action of his life; he anticipated the wishes of his friends, and Ssemed to employ all his faculties in con- triving opportunities of doing what he thought would give them pleasure: His charities were in a manner boundless; he had many constant pensioners, besides those whose occasional wants he was ever ready to relieve; the applications made to him for pecuniary assistance were innumerable; he Was not without discrimination in attending “tothem; it is believed, however, that no eal object of charity ever solicited him in van. But his good offices were not confined te ant of money; his advice was freely given to many who applied to him on their private concerns; he instructed them in the best manner of extricating themselves from difficulties, of succeeding in their pursuits, and of conducting their affairs to a pras- perous issue. No man’s counsel was more to be relied upon in matters Of business ; for his deliberate judgment was always sound; and statesmen, on various occasions, availed themselves of it with advantage. Vhough he never appeared as an aythor, yet his style was clear, elegant, often spor- tive, and often witty; for he had cultivated his mind by’ those studies which polish hu- man nature, and was conversant with the Hest works of ‘literature, especially the poets. f he remained in tolerable health, always cheerful and good humoured, the delight of a social circle of friends, till the 21st of Feéruary, when he was attacked by a disor- der, which baffled all medical skill, and under which he sunk, the 25th of that month, in the 75th year of his age. By his decease, a property to the amount of more than a millien sterling has devolved to pagaanaii and is thus demised by his will; Notwithstanding his advanced age,’ “Account of the late Mr. John Relph. 283 To his three nieces, the daugh- ters of the late Mrs, Goddard, his sister, viz. Mrs. Williams Hope, Lady Pole, and Mrs. Langston, each 110,0001. To the three children of Mrs, W. Hope, 40,0001. each . . To the four children of the other “)BIGEEES So eo (er Siauel ia Leys To Mr. Williams Hope, hi houses at Sheen and Caven- dish-square, with the fine col- lection of pictures in each, rich furniture, &c. and al} his other residuary property, toge~ ther estimatedat ©“. . . . $30,000 120,900 160,000 550,000 , Total £ 1,160,000 The Right Hon. Charles Marsham, Ear) of Romney; Viscount Marsham of the Mote, and Baron of Romney. [Of whom a further account will be given in our next.J - * At Turner’s Hill, near Cheshunt, aged 78, Mr.. Fobn Relpb, a gentleman of singular worth and merit. He was born at Penrith, in Cumberland, inthe year 1753. His parents were, in every sense of the word respectable, in that neighbourhood. Of his father, the Rev: Mr. Nelson, of great Sulkeld, near Pen- rith, an aged and most respectable dissenting minister, he says, ¢* he was a person of the strictest honour and integrity, and, as such, his memory is held in esteem to this day.” He removed to London about the year 1750, and was placed as an apprentice with his re- lation Mr, Richard Cook, then a silk mercer, a gentleman well known amongst the Pro- testant Dissenters; and held in great esteem for the excellence of his character. After serving the stipulated time, and fontinuing afterwards with Mr. Cook, in a course of exertion highly to that gentleman’s satisfac- tion, he successively became his ‘partner and successor. Mr. Relph was particularly dis- tinguished by great activity and energy in business, in which he spent the greatest part of a long life, and, by a thankful, contented, and cheerful, mind, after his health was ine firm, and his sight became very imperfecr. _ His conduct and maxims in business, formed a striking contrast with, those which before his death became so very preValent, and which are now convulsing the commercial system in this country. He never dreamed of getting rich -by one adventure, or of risquing his own, and the property of others, for the pur- pose of making a sudden fortune. The Bricish merchant of former times; was one of the most useful and important citizens of whom this isJand could boast; an agent, who connected different countries by the ties of interest and correspondence, making their commercial intercourse of mutual benefit, and transmitting the productions of different cli- mates tu the inhabitants of all. He was the organ of communication, by which the abun- dance 284 i dance of one country and the wants of another were made known, and he received from one its redundancies, and supplied the wants of theother. Heacted upon solid information, mpde-no random adventures, and indulged in no aity speculations. Many of those who now call themselves merchants, purchase goods upon artificial credit or securities, and without orders, without correspondence, with- out knowledge of markets, send them, under the direction of chance, to find purchasers in lands to them unknown. ‘The consequences Nave been, that purchasers cguld not be found, debts could not be paid, and poverty and rin have not only fallen upon themselves, but up- on those who had confided inthem. How different the old merchant and the new. «¢Look.at that picture and at this!" Mr. — Relph, who was dong a merchant; was of the old British class. Patient industry and de- cent care were, in his mind, the oaly safe and honourable road to wealth, He knew that he who. would approach, as near as man is allowed to approach, the Temple of Happi- ness, must doit by measvred steps; that wealth if procured, cannot be enjoyed except with mo- deration, and that whatever keeps the active and mental powers of man employed bids fairest tosecyre and preserve his comfort. He, therey fore avoided those desperate risques, which create extreme: anxiety, and confided in the regular, steady, and sober exertions of indus- try. He disliked all. show and ostentation, not only because he regarded them as destruc- tive of comfort, as exciting envy and every malignant passion, but because he regarded with displeasure all that false appearance of respect and attention which are called forth by them. He saw, with disgust, our mercan+ tile men attempting to dival: in appearance and expence, our nobility, and ‘he wished each order inthe community to keep | its own place. The foolish fashion of writing every man, who is supposed to be in good circumstances, an esquire, was very offensive to him, and he often expressed his dislike of it, when ad- dressed under that title. Mr. Relph had early cultivated a taste for reading, which all the occupation’ of business, in his most active years, never prevented him from indulging; and this taste wasa source of great and con- tinued pleasure to him, after his retirement from active life. Afrer his sight became too. imperfect to admit him tocontinue this exer- cise, an affectionate relative read to him, many hours in every day, and thus contribu-, ted to make his retiren:ent delightful, when in hewlth, and relieved often the tedium of pain and sickness. By the perusal of num- berless voyages and travels, and the help of a miost retentive memory, ke had made him- self so well acquainted with foreign countries, that some, who have heard him converse, ima- gined be had spent part of his lite in those gountries about which he discoureed so intel- - Fr: = Aecount of the late Mr. John Relph. [April 1, a He had read the history of bis owa country with great attentiop, recollected it minutely, and considered it 2s the best ligently, governed of amy country in the world. His parents were Protestant Dissenters, and he was educated in their faith, but in religion, too, he was an enquirer 5 and from conviction continued a dissenter, inclining, in theology, to the arian hypothesis. Dr. Benson was his relation, and he became an early communi cant with the society, over which he presi ded, of Dr. Lardner (the best man and the soundest scholar which any church can boast} and Dr. Benson, he always spoke with vene- ration, and the most affectionate remembrance, for they were his earliest friends in London, Their different opinions on. some points’ weighed nothing in his estimation of. their characters ; for every good man he esteemedy never suffering himself to be biassed, by any approximation to his own opinions. He held kis own opinioys with firmness, but made. them no matter of contention and strife. Even when old, when men are most commonly tenacious of their religious notions, he held his imperfect charity, never making them the, means of weakening his friendly feelings to others. We ought not to adopt the opinions of any man because he_is wise or learned, for wise and learned me to be found in, every different church, with all its pecu- liarity of sentiment, but this very circum stance abould teach us to respect, and love; ail excellent men, whatever oniuies they hold. The Catholics can boast of a Pascal, the Church of England a Jeremy Taylory; the Calvinists a Watts, the Ariaus a Price the Unitarians a Lardner, the De Anthony Collins and a Hu Ou this to teach us to regard what we errors of excellent. men, rather ¢ n of our nature than of individuals, a duce us-to regard with equal love, these who, are equally examples of virtue? Mr. Relph, was what every dissenter professes to be, a real friend to the right of private judgment, and he could see the exercise of it in opposi-. tion to himself with pleasure. In polities, as in religion, he held his opinions with perfect charity. He was decidedly a whig.of the old school, and the vast events which passed be-, fore him, never altered his opinion. Against the majority of the dissenters, with the truly great, and truly amiable Dr, Price, .at their head, he was unfriendly to the American Revolution ; and the French Revolution, had no charms with bim. Yet was*he intimate with those who felt the most violently in Opposition to him on those subjects; for he, tolerated any opinions in good men; perhaps. no man was ever nyore free from intolerance, of opinion than he was. This is of itself na mean distinction, po ambiguous character of a superior amind! His private morals were unsullied, He was married, and badichildasa, wag 1811. ds who died in early 4ife.» Having» been very happy. in his: marriage, aithough a widower upwards of forty years, he never contracted a second. marriage, alleging, that if a man had haé@ one good wife it was as much as’he ought toexpect. His integrity, in transactions of business, has never been questioned, and such was his mildness to his creditors, that he never had ome arrested for debt;, and, as a landlord and a master of servants, he was truly ex- emplary. Indeed so social and kind was his nature, that every one admitted into his family so much shared his sympathy, that he seldgm discharged. a2 setvant without pain. His conversation could never offend the chastest ear, and his conduct to the other sex ‘was as pure as his conversation. Yet there was nothing more remarkable in the character of this valuable man, than his uniform cheer- fulness, even under the pressure of ill*health, and his habitual thankfulness, for the good with which providence had blessed his life. He seldom complained, but always, not by words only, but by unequivocal conduct, shewed, that he thought he had more comfort, and less evil than he merited. Hewas socon- tented and happy, even in his latest-age, that he would oiten say, ‘* I have nota want nora . wish.” This is the more remarkable, as he of- fen suffered great pain; and was liable to vio- lenge JPeaost painful bodily com: af mind rendered him, jest men living ; in= ne +, whetherthere eppy in this very mu- existence ; and it must. be re- Pais felicity was the effcet of his Gharacter, and not of his afiuent stances; for far greater af~ found with persons’ whose mand fretful dispositions, render etely miserable. « The ‘constant them comp benefactor of his own [relations, he had alsa” attempted to serve many young men, had/ad- vanced them confiderable loans; but had-so often been disappointed in what he thought his yeasonable expectations of their good conduct and success, that at length his patience was exhausted in this way, and,after much trouble, anxiety, and loss of property, he concluded it had become very difficult to yield effectual patronage to youth, from the great change which had taken place, in his time, in the habits of young men; he found them generally Account of the late Mr. John Reiph. 285 now without industry, and prone to expences, Far from being forward and’obstrusive in pub- lic business, he yet thought it his duty to lend a modest and effectual assistance to public institutions. We accordingly find him che senior member of his company, which. was that of the Wax Chandiers, and discharging all the duties of each office.of that) company with credit and honour, » He was, too, a di- rector of the Unien Fire Office, instituted in the year 1714, and one of the most efficient patrons of the Small-Pox and Inoculation Hospitals: He was also a member of thé New England Society for propagating Chris- tian knowledge, and a trustee of several cha» ritable institutions. He retired entirely from business about ten years before his death, and fixed his residence on Turner’s Hill, Ches~ hunt, Herts, where he had built many honses, and possessed cons‘derable property ; and even there, at a late period of life, he formed new acquaintances 3 for so open and social was his’ temper, that he liked toenjoy the convers sation of his neighbours, and could see the playrulness of children with delight.. ‘Here he died, as he had lived, on the ‘Soth day of January, 1811, contented, thankful, andhappy, attended by affectionate relatives, in the 78th year of his age} leaving an example of ing dustry, simpiicity, probity, cheerfulness, and benevolence, ‘or tne imitation ot all who knew him. He was interred, by his own desire, in the church-yard at. Cheshant. His funeral sermon was preached by Mr. Cogan, at Wals thamstow, for whom, late in life, he had formed a sincere friendship ; and upon whose ministry he had last attended; aman who would do honour to any churen, and equally remarkable for his profound erudition, ang true simplicity of manners. He had thes the pleasure to And a man, in his last days, worthy to class with his first tavourites amongst the dissenters, _ the Radcliffes, the Bensons, and the Lard- hers. ; Peaceful as the life he led, Thus reposes with the dead! One, whose.spirit, cheerful, kind, Met e’en pain with thankful mind, Taught by nature, not by art, Constant pleasure-to impart ; : He was Frieniship’s darling child; ’ Mannets easy, passions mild! Reader! if thou love thyseli,— ; Strive to live and feel like necew! © } ea ee ee nee nen ae . Lik ahaha Sy [April 15 PROVINCIAL OCCURRENCES, ~*~” WITH att rue MARRIAGES ann DEATHS; - . Arranged geographically, or in the Order of the Counties, from Patil to Sorte *,* Communications for this Department of the Monthly Mitgisteié properly ihe thenticated, and sent free of Postage, are always thankfully received. Those aré more par’ ficularly ac ceptable which describe the Progress of “Local Improvemeyts of any Kind, or which contain Biographical ‘Anecdotes or Facts relative to eminens or remarkable Characters recently deceased. EEE NORTHUMBERLAND AND PDURIAM. HAT noble monument of humanity, the Lancastrian school-house, which the in- habitants of Newcastle have raised to the memory of his Majesty, and for the benefit of the rising generation, has been opened for the admission of all poor children, whose pa- fents cannot provide for their education. Already the complement which fills the school, amounting to 506, has nearly been admitted, and so numerous are the applica- tions, that, had the building been able to contain 1000 children, it would have been ‘crowded with scholars. Married.| At Ryton, Mr. ‘William Rob- son, of Prudhoe, Northumberland, to Miss Isabella Young, of Kyo, Durham. At jarrow, Mr. Mould, schoolmaster, of Hepburn, to Mrs. Hill. At Alnwick, Edward Stamp, esq. to Mrs. Charlton, widow of Edward C. esq "At Newcastle, Mr. D. Crabtree, of Halifax, Yorkshire, to Miss M. Oswald. —Mr. M. L, Madgin, to Miss Richardson.—Mr. Mark Henderson, to Miss Susannah Ward.—Cap- tain Cookson, of the 80th regiment, second son of Isaa¢ C. esq. of Whihil!, Durham, to Marianne, daughter of David Stephenson, esq. » At Durham, Mr. Henry Fawcett, of New- castle, to Miss Jane Doubleday, daughter of the late Mr. D. surgeon. At Berwick, Mr, Robert Dickson, to Miss Jane Lawson. At Monkwearmouth, Mr. Robert Stephen- son, to Miss Elizabeth Pattison, of Bishop- wearmouth, At Bellingham, Mr. James Charlton, of Billerby, to Miss Elizabeth Richardson, of Riding. Died } At the High Felling, Mr. Isaac Jackson, 104. At Sherburn, near Durham, Mrs. Rachael Hunter, 69. At Unthank, near Berwick, Mrs. Watson. At Monkwearmouth, Mr. John Watson, of the ship Molly of Montrose,’ 31. At Bishopwearmouth, Mrs. Richmond, 31. —Mrs, Hall, mother of Hilkiah H. late of Durham.—Mrs. Swan. At Felton, Mr. John Walker, 21. At Stockton, Mr. Richard Moor, 59. At Gordon House, near Chester-le-street, Mr. Edw. Weatherley, 81. At Sedgefield, Mr. Benjamin Brad}ey." At Benwetl, Mr. Andrew Wake, 62. At Sunderland, Mrs. Elizabeth “Taylor, 89. At Gateshead, Mr. Richard Bentley, in his 101st year. He was a hard-working man, and was able to follow his oceupation till about nine years ago.—Isabella, widow of Ralph Fairs, 92. At Necessity, near Alnwick, Mr. James Edmondson, 91. At Kentan, Mrs. Margaret Milburn, 104. She retained all her faculties rill the last year of her life, and, at the age of 90, could walk 40 miles a day. # At Eltringham, Mr. Johnson. At Sandel Hill ug near Hexham, Mr Matthew Leadbitrer, 62, At ering le-street, Mr. Ro! well, ae At paar Mrs, Weatherbari Mr. John W. 46.—Mr. Andrew Mark, 74. —Mrs. Bell, 75. 4 At Newcastle, Mr. James ‘Dagny formel serjeant at mace to the corporation, 74:—Mts, Hudson.—Mr. Edward os ‘4 Kertlewell.—Mr. Powes, Fenwi oh —Mrs. Dodd, wife of Mr. Jo Elizabeth Henzell,, 72.—Mr. Wi iam Burn, many years clerk ‘of St. John’s Church, 64. At Alnwick, Mts. Snowdon.—Mr. Robert Hudson. At Durham, Mrs, Margaret Weatherell, 98.—Mr. John Denham, 70.—Mrs. Mary Wray, 61. At Shinctiffe, near Durham, Mrs. Jane Bell, 91. CUMBERLAND AND WESTMORELAND, Married.| At Carlisle, Mr. Bownes, of London, to Miss Soul, daughter of Mr, Jo stphs At Penrith, Captain William Buchanan, R. N. to Miss Harrison. ; At Whitehaven, Captain King, of the Halcyon, to Miss Johnstone.—Captain J. Harrison, of the Friends, Workington, to Miss Simpsun, daughter of Captain S.—Mr. Thomas Teeling, to Mrs. Isabella M‘Fee. At Moresby, near Whitehaven, Mr. Mi- chacl Atkinson, officer of excise, Carlisle, to Miss Bland, of Parton. : At Egremont, Mr. Towerson, of White- haven, to Mis. Westray. At isil.] At Kendal, Mr; Joseph Whittaker, ‘to Miss Huiiter. Died:] At Rockcliff Cross, Mr. Fergus Park, 81.—-Isabella, wife of Mr. Nathaniel Black. : ~ ‘At Snellings, near Egremont, Mrs. Dixon, wife of Mr. John D. 84. At Meals Gate, Cockbridge, Mr. Thomas Moore, 73. , At Harrington Mill, near Carlisle, Robert Hewitt, 55. At Linstock, Mrs. Nathaniel Little. "At Newby, Jane, wife of Mr. Robert Waugh, 60. ‘ At Wood Row, Barnes. At Douglas, Isle of Man, Mr. Peter Blake, 62.—™Mr. Paul Corran, 87. ' At Castletown, Asle of Man, Mr. Robert Watson, attorney, 32. _ At. Braystones, near Egremont, Russel, 61, " At Bunkershill, near Carlisle, Mrs. Loury, wife of John L. esq. “. © At Faugs, Loweswater, Mr. Adam Holi- day, 36. d ‘At Pardshaw, Mr. Joseph Mitchell. At Ullock, Mr. Joseph Robinson. At Appleby, Ann, wife of Mr. William Hutchinson.—Dr, Richardson.—-Mr. Thomas Carr, 46. EI itehaven, the Rev. Mr. Stamper, F the late Mr. S. surgeon,f of Working- 30.—John Richardson, son of Mr. Thos, Sharp.—Mrs. Martha Casson, 84.—Mrs. Hailes, 69.—-Mr. ‘Thomas. Losh.—-Mrs. Mr. near Wigton, Mr. Mrs. 42. ’ At Kendal, Margaret Henderson, second daughter of the Jate Mr. Andrew He - At Penrith, Miss Eleanor Stewatt. * At Maryport, Mr William Kelly. At Cockermouth, Mr. Joseph Ostell, 70. Mr. Thomas Watson.—Miss “At Workington, “Mrs. Steele. —Mr., Fletcher Piele, a youth of considerable lite-. rary abilities, 20. r : VORKSHIRE. Married.] At Hull, Mr. George Earle, jon. to Mary, daughter of Mr. Joel Foster. =—Captain John Moriis, to Miss Jane Dob- son, dayghter of, Mr, Thomas D.—Captain Jeffery Bouch, jun. of Lynn, Norfolk, to Miss Mary Huddlestone, of Lincoln © At Wakefield, Mr. Henry Soulby, to Miss. Mary Barber. . : - At Doncaster, .Mr. William Maud, of Bradford, surgeon, to Mrs. Ann Marryott. * At Osley, after a sedulous courtship of 20 years, Mr, Thomas Ward, aged 73, to Mrs. ’ oe." Forkshire. 587 Elizabeth Graceton, aged 94, both of Fews- ton. At Birstall, Mr. Joseph Oates, of Fairfield, near Manchester, to Elizabeth, eldest daugh- ter of Mr. William Child, of Robert Town, near Huddersfield. At Rawcliffe, Samuel Smith, jun. esq. of the Decoy House, to Miss Chantry. j At Leeds, Captain John Morris, of Hull, to Jane, daughter of Mr. Thomas Dobson, of the Parrot inn. At Batley, Mr, George Sheard, aged 72, to Miss Elizabeth Cowling, aged 19. The bridegroom is father to nine children, grand- father to forty-six, and great grand: father to six 3 all living. Died.] At Coulston Croft, near Sheffield, Mrs. Ratcliffe, relict of Mr. William R. who was of the family of the celebrated physician of that name, and his wife a near relation of William Emerson, the great mathematician. At Sheffield, Mrs. Alice Steade, sister of the late Thomas S..esq. of Hillsborough, near _ Sheffield, 78.—Mr. William Padley,—-Mr. Robert Osborne.——-Mrs. Fox, At Doncaster,-Mrs. Robinson, sister of the late Rev. Arthur. R. of lull. At Ottringham, Christopher, son of Mrf C. Hobson, 15. La hag 4t Bradford, Mrs. Crosse, wife of the Rev. John C..wicar of that place, 80, At. Moor Grange, near. Leeds, Mr. John Wilson. At Watton, Mr. Richard Jefferson, 92. At Kelfield Hall, Mrs..Clarkson, .wife of Bernard C. esq. . Lh, be At Skipton in Craven, Mr, Joln Schofield, solicitor; and about the same.time,, Richard -his youngest son. At Selby, Mr, Richard Wiley, chief cone stable for the division of Barkston. Ash, and about a week afterwards, his wife, Mrs. W. At Stonegrave, George, eldest son of Sir George-Cayley, bart. . dt Woodhall, Wensleydale, Mrs. Wood, wife of John Rider W. 51. At Whorlton, Mrs. Reed, wife of Archi- hald R.pesgq. 04 : At Dunnington, near York, Mr. Edmund Cantley, 785 and a few days afterwards, his sister, Mrs,. Mosey, wife.of Mr. William M. of Bolton. At New Malton, Ann, daughter of the late John Blackburn, esq. . At Allerthorpe, Mrs. Clarke, relict of the Rev. William C 82, . At Newton Kyme, Jobn Fairfax, ej. At Marsk, Mrs. Rudd, relict.of Bartholoe mew R. esq. 76. ; St Hull, Mary Constantia, Lady, of Sir He Etherington, bart. to whom she. was married in 1774, and fourth daughter of Sir Thomas, fifth baronet of the family of Caye.—Wii- liam, youngest son of Mr. Locking, writing-, master, a youth of uncommon promise, 16.— irs. Wilayn, wife of Captain Charles W. of : the eS Se ‘si A = teed 238 the Whim, of this port—Mr. John Mail, 85.—Mrs. “Pietpoint, 68.—Mrs. ° Hembo- yougn, 8!.—Francis Faylor, esq. 47.—Mrs. Johnson, 28.—Mrs. Raines, wife of Mr. R. attorney.—Mrs. ‘Thomsen, widow of Mr. John T. 67.—In the worlchouse, Mr. Jona- than, Watson, formerly’ an eminent school- master. . At York, Mrs. Cartwright, wife of Mr. [C.. of the Wheat Sheaf Inn:-—Mary, second daughtér of Mr. Thomas Kimber, 24.—Eli+ gabeth, daughter of Mr. James Watson, 22. —Mr. James Rule, a native of Dunirieshire, 53.—Mr. Thomas Rodwell! Crassey, eldest son of Mr. George C. 23 —fr.’ Thomas Morley.—John, son of Mr. Wilks. —Mr. Joba Dodsworth, 74. —Mrs. Webster, relict of Isaac W. esq. At Bradford, the Rev. W. Crabtree, up- wards of 50 years pastor of the Baptist church in that town, OW. At Leeds, Mr. William Atkinson, third son of the late Rev. Miles A. whose death is recorded’ in our last number.—-Mrs. Buckle, wife of Mr. Thomas B. 80. At Catcliffe, neax Rotherham, Mr. John Worral. - At Attercliffe, Mr. Blagdin, relict of Mr. George B. 75. LANCASHIRE. The inhabitants of Liverpool Kave entered into) resolutivuns for the-estadlishment of an Asylum for Penitent and Reformed Prosti- tutes. The Mayor’ is appointed President ; and the Committee will cunsist of all the Clerzy of the Established Chucch, the clergy of all other denominations, an¥ such other respectablé ‘gentlemen’ of the laity,’ as are willing to contribute their assistance’ to the undertakings During the year ending the sist of Dec. 1810, there were committed to Lancaster Castle, 260 males and 52 females, for felo- nies and misdemeanors; which, added’ to 73 males and 31 females, remaining convicted and for trial, 31st of Dec. 1809, makes ato- tal ef 233 males and 65 females. There, were 17 males and 2 females condemned at’ Lancaster assizes, in 1810,. of whom six males were executed, and the others were re- prieved or pardoned, on condition of transpor- tation. Sir Thomas Mostyn is beginning such al- terations and improvements at Parkgate, as cannet failto render that spot a serious ob- ject to the invalid, and a source of pleasure to the healthy. Warm and cold baths are to be erected upon a liberal plan; a library and - news room will be opened; fire- works occa- sionally exhibited on the sands, which cannot fail to afford a pleasing spectacle viewed from the terrace; regular musicianscengaged for the assemblies,-and a smali, but neat and commodious theatre-fitted up. Miaurried:}~ At Laneaster, Mr, Kidd; “to Mis, Jackson.—Major Armett, of tre 35th fopt, to Anne, fourth daughter of the late 3 -Leneashire. [April 1, John Salterthwaite, esq. Jolin Blewit, esq of London, to Mrs, Mason, relict of Jackson M. esq. At Prescet, John Rose, esq. of the Faste India Company’s service, to Miss Lillias Fra- ser, second daughter of Colonel F. of ‘Raven- head. At Hawkshead, My. ‘Johh Wood, of Hawkshead Hull, to Miss Huddlestone, of Rothersyke, Cumberland. At Dean, Mr, Thomas Harrison, nite of the Isle ot Man, to Alice, youngest daughter of Thomas’ Ridgway, ésq. of Wallsuck, near Bolton.—Miles Clayton, esq. of Manchester, to Sophia, youngest daughter of Mr. Joha . Hilton, of Middle Hilton. At Liverpdol, Mr. Will’am Higginson, to Miss S. F. Taylor.—Captain Thondas Fisher, to Arn, second daughter of Mr. “William Burgess, At Preston, Titus Bourne, esq. of ‘Alford, Lincoln, ta Margaret, youngest daughter of Thomas Woodcock, esq. Died.] | At Rock House, ° near Liverpool, Hugh Breek, esq. 67. In the township of Read, George Crows shaw, 105. He experienced very little sick- ness till within a week of his death, and en- joyed his faculties to the last. _ At Warrington, Mr. Jamies Smartt. , At Leigh, ‘James, Barlow, esq- 61. At Carving: Mr. Henry Blund At Chorley, Mr. Robert Hawkshe —Anne, second daughter of Mr. bY », Bookseller. ‘ At Claughton, the Rev. John Bstiod R man-catholic priest, 76. At Preston, Mr. James. Dewhurst At Ashton, Mrs, Yates,~ wiry of 2) 4. At Manchester, Mr. R. w. Paya eT, ate torney. j At Ince Blundell, Mrs. code At Chowbent,, Mrs. Newton. At Chorlton Hall, Mr, Robert Travis, fore merly of the Golden Lion, Blakely. ~ At Richmond, Liverpool, Horatio, eldest son of Jacob, Fletcher, esq. At Lancaster, Mus, Freers, relict of ta tain. F. $2. Mrs, Betty Starling, 80. At Leece in Furness, Mr, William Postles. thwaite, 61. At Barbadoes, onthe ist of January, Cape tain folin Parr, of the ship Robert,.of Liver- pool; onthe 5th, at the same place, his wife,, Mrs. Mary P. and on the 17th, their infant” daughter, Margaret Anne. At Liverpool, bir. Joseph Balmer.—Cape tain Thomas ITuff, 44.—Mr. James Knowl~ den.—Mrs. Hopwood, 76.—Mirs Hughes, only daughter of the late Mr. Robert H. 12. | —Mrs, Mary Storey, 56.—Mrs. Litherland, mother of Mr. Peter L. inventor of the patente lever watches, 73.—-Mr. James Fleming.—- My. Jeshug Cobham, 72.—Mr. james Gatd= ner.—Mry Joseph ‘Jackson, 73 —Mr. Law-" Tence Howard, S6.—Mr. John Vose, 75.— Mise wil.) | Cheshire Derby_Nottingham—Lincoln. Mrs. Moote, 80.—Mr. Eira M’Connell, — 45.—Captain Edward Hall, of the Hooton.— Mrs. Casley.—Eliza Gorst, grand-daughter of Mr. Robert Weston, and two days after- ‘wards, his wife, Mrs. Anne W.—Mrs. Ma- bella Johnson, relict of Mr. James J.—Mrs, Jones, wife of Mr. John J. 61.—Henry Midgley, esq. 48. CHESHIRE. Married.] At Wallasey, Mr. Samuel Ash- brook, to Miss Chatterton. At Neston, Mr, Daniel Briscoe, of the George Ina, Parkgate, to Miss Hetty Briscoe. _ At Budworth, William Wright, esq. of Bank House, Boulton, to Miss Elizabeth Carter, of Ashton Park. At Chester, Mr. Bourke, to Eliza, second Pe to the late Mr, O'Byrne, of Dun- alk. At Wybunbury, Mr. William Barker, of Heleigh Castle, Stattord, to Miss Giover, of Snape near Betley. i At Nantwich, Mr. Peter Oakes, son of S. O. esq. of Wood Green, to Miss S. Gudge- ‘gon.—Mr. Richard Darlington, to Sarahy daughter of Mr. Oakes. y Died.} At Wavertree, Mrs. Fisher.—Mr. Thomas Worrall, 56. His death was occa- sioned by a cancer, produced by smoaking a pipe, the end of which had not been covered with wax. ton Park, Mr. Peter Carter. er, Captain Simeon Leet.—John nspector of taxes for the district. Probart, esq. lately of Lincoln. — after his marriage, Mr. Morton.— ixon, esq. oe skersbrouk, Jane, youngest daugh- te Mr. A. Davies. leton, Mrs. Bostock, relict of Mr. S wich, Mr. Samuel Taylor, book- seller; deservedly lamented by his relatives and numerous friends, FF whieh DERBYSHIRE. Married.| At Ilkeston, the Rey. Joseph Galland, of Greenacres, near Manchester, to . Miss Mason, daughter of Mr. Jabez M. At Pentrich, Mr. Harris, surgeon, of Rip- ley, to Lucy, eldest daughter of Rob. Screl- ‘ley, esq. of Waingroves. . At Polesworth, Wm. Princep, esq. of New- ton Regis, to Miss Dester, of Bramcote. At Chaddesden, Mr. Henry Shaw, to Miss -Hester Cholerton. : / ) At Duffield, Mr. John Turner, to Miss Fanny Allsop. - AcDerby, Mr. Wm. Osborne, of Alvaston, to Miss Wilson. At Bakewell, Mr. Thomas Sales, Duckmanton, to Miss E. Noton. » Died.) At Buxton, where he had been for the benefit of his health, Wm. Knott, esq. of Summer-hill, near Ulverston, 29. _ At Derby, Richard Thomas, eldest son of Mr, Chatterton, 11.—Mrs, Bilsborrow, 55. At Measham, Mrs. Jewsbury, 75, * Monty Mac. No. 211, jun. of 289 At Ashborne, Mr. Lees, 75. At Ashton upon Trent, Mr. Wm. Dawson. At Milton-mill, Mrs. Summers, 63. At Windley, mear Ducield, Mr. Peter Bates, 763 and, a few days afterwards, his widow, Mrs. Eliz. B. 72. At Chesterfield, Miss Hoole. NOTTINGHAMSHIRE, Married | At Nottingham, M;. J. Pagey to Miss Hearietta Nunn.—Mr. Wm. Novill, of Sheffield, to Miss Hyddlestone.—Mr. T, Reoshaw,.to Miss Jarman. : Mr. Henry Statkey, of Brinsley, to Re- becca, third daughter of John Levers, esq. of East wood- Ac Upton, near Southwell, Wm. Weight man, esq..of Bassingham, Lincoln, to Mrse Cowper, widow of John C. esq. of Coddings ton, near Newark, Died.]/ At Nottingham, Mr. Samuel Ture ner.— Mr. John Smith, 28.—Mrs. Green, wife of Mr, John G.—Mrs. Thornton, 52.— Samuel, eldest son, of Mr. White, of Binge ham, 19.—Mrs. Gretton, 30. At Araold, Mrs, Clarke, 37. At Eakring, Mrs.. Wm. Barker, 79. . At Newark, John Spragging Godfrey, esq. an alderman of that, borough, 45.—Dorothy Whitton, 78 —Mr. Jos. Zogg, 53. At Burton Joyce, Miss Brett, elclest daughe ter of Mr, Roovert B. 19. At Bingham, Mr. S, White, 20.—Eliz, third daughter of Mr. Lee. F At Mansfield, "Mr. John Heald, of the Ram Inn, 356.—Mrs. Sheppard, mother of Mr.S. stationer, 91. At Lavington, Mr. Boyden, of Newark. At Bunny, Mr. Wm, Gee, 46. At Granby, Mrs. Doubleday, 44, ' LINCOLNSHIRE . cts At a meeting lately held by the mayor and principal inhabitants of Grimsby, at the Granby inn, respecting the preparation of a bill, to be presented to Parliament, for the building a pier at that port, General Loft at~ tended with the bill, in its rough state, and presented also a model of the pier,’ the esti- mate of which is laid at 35,0001. The ac- complishment of this object will prove, not only a benefit to the port of Grimsby, but an important national good ‘ _Married.] At Gainsbro’, Lieut. Hinton, 69th foot, to Miss Jane Berridge. : At Friskney, the Rev. J. Brackenbury, of Walton, to Mary, third daughter of Richard Brackenbury, esq. of Aswardby. 4 At Kirton, Mr. Wells, aged 24, to Mrs, Whiting, aged 72, ‘ At Stainton, near Horncastle, Mr. Thomas Fletcher, aged 84, to Miss Ann Bensuny aged 25. +) Died.| At Boston, Mrs, Cheyney, relict of Mr. Alderman C., 91.—Mr. Johan Bollansy of Leverton Outgaie, 59,— Vir. Robert Bure ton, 34.—Mrs. Hilton, 38.—Mr.Snaith. | At Spalding, Mrs. Albin, wife of Mr, A. printer and bookseller, StimeMrs. Milnes, © 29 “wife Leicesiershire—Staffordshire. 290 _ wife of Mr. M. an occasional preacher at the methodist chapel there. At Louth, Susan Mary, daughter of Gen. Loft, M.P.—Mrs. Wright, wife of Mr. Gil- bert W.—Mrs. Beakly, 75.—Mr. Charles Vinter.—Mrs. Pinder, 84.—Mrs. Harvey, 22.—Mrs. Seargall, 96.—Mfs. Martha Ri- chardson, 78.—Mr. James White, 80.—Mrs. Bocock. At Frith Bank, Mr. Benj. Haines, $0. At Bratoft, Mr. John Smith, 82.—-Mr. John Atkin. At Keisby, Mr. John Newton, 86. At Gainsbro”>, Mrs. Mary Morley, 79.— Mr. Bassington.—-Mrs. Norman, 51.—Mrs, ‘Tyson, 27.—Mr, Wm. Lister.—Mrs, Wil- kinson. At Grantham, Sir Charles Kent, bart. of Wadsworth, Yorkshire. At Bottesford, Mr. Wm, Prince, surgeon, 68. | At Toston, Josiah Gill, gent. 85. At Holbeach, Mr. Jenkinson.—Mrs. Har- rison, relict of R. Harrison, esq. and daughter of the Rev. R. Stevens, of Tyd St. Giles.—- Mss. Handley.—Mrs. Margaret Massingberd, second daughter of the late Wm. M. esq. of Gunby. At Withern, Mrs. Dales, 92. At Grimsby, Mr. J. Ainsley, formerly cap- tain of the Commerce, of that port. He suddenly dropped down on board of a vessel in the harbour, and expired immediately. At Tupholme, Paul Pell, esq. many years captain in the North Lincoln militia. At Market Deeping, Mr, Robert Broom, superintendant of the locks on the Welland. LEICESTERSHIRE, Married.] At Goadby, Mr. Imanuel Hill, of Turlangton, to Miss Blackshaw, of Knows- Jey Hall. George Parkin, esq. of Normanton, to Miss Norman, daughter of Richard N. esq. sheriff of this county. i At Leicester, John Edward Carter, esq. of Scraptoft, to Miss E. Markland.—Mr. Dove, of London, to Miss Tabitha Burgess.—Mr. Walker, to Mrs, Glover.—Mr. Thomas Hal- lier, to Miss Dumelow.—Mr. Ward, to Miss Rice. ‘ ; At Melton Mowbray, Mr. Powell, to Mrs. Cooke, of the Half Moon inn.—Mr, W. Par- yock, of Loton, to Miss Skervet, “At Castle Donington, Mr, J. While, of Syston, to Mrs. Fletcher. Died | At Croxton, Mrs. Parnham, wife of Mr. Thomas P. 32. At Leicester, Mr. William Dumelow.— Mrs. Kirby,—Miss Sarah Valentine, 16,— Mrs. Ayrés.—Mr. Rithard Poole, late of the Mitre and Key.—Mr. Edmund Wright, 76. -—Mr. Abraham Bunney, late master of All Saint’s Workhouse.—Mr. Alderman Eames ; after breakfasting with his grandson, he sat down by the kitchen fire, where his servant, going to spealk to him, found him dead in his ¢ [April 1, chair. He served the office of mayor, in 1790, and his magistracy was distinguished by a degree of independence and public spirit, per haps never excelled and rarely equally. Among other reforms, a public investigation of weights and measures took place through out the town ; and of the latter, more than a waggon-load were cut in pieces in the market- place, by the town servants. _ At Grooby Parks, Mr, Dexter, and the same day, his daughter-in-law, Hannah Sutton. At Kegworth, Mr. Israel Chamberlin, late surgeon of the Castlereagh East India- Man, 22. At Castle Donington, Mrs. Mary Buxton, sister of the late John B. esq. of Alvaston, and the last of that family. At Thorp Acre, near Loughborough, Mrs. Mary Keightley. At Belgrave, John Watchorn, gent. At Charch Langton, Mr. Ward, 87. At North Kilworth, John Cooper, gent. At Goadby, Edward Manners, esq. 65. At Market Harborough, Mr. Charles Hey _gate, surgeon, 34.—Mr, Chater. At Cossington, Francis Goude, gent. At Great Wigston, Mrs. Scott. At Orton on the Hill, Mr. Edwatd Brown, 62. He wasa great musical amateur, and in the constant practice of instructing the choirs of different churches, in this and the adjacent counties, : STAFFORDSHIRE. _ Married.] .At Stafford, Mr. Morris, of Hawkstone, .to Miss Catharine Wood —Mr. Yates, banker, to Mary, eldest daughter of Mr. John Horton.—Thomas Smith, of Shareshill, esq. to Miss Collins, ‘ton. At Bradley, near Cheadiey Mr. fohn W. Wood, to Miss Elizabeth Ar we At Woolstanton, Mr. Thomas Wardle, of Etruria, to Miss Christina Stevens. At Uttoxeter, Mr. Pegg, sen. to Mrs. Dudley. 4 At Hanley, Mr. William Hassall, to Miss Maskerry. Died.| At Newport, in the Potteries, Mrs. Davenport, wife of .J. D. esq. _ At Wolverhampton, the Rev J, Picker- ing, pastor of the dissenting congregation at Coseley.—-Mrs, Ann Danks, widow of Mr, D, of Wednesbury. At Betley, Mrs, Rowley, 83. At Newcastle, Mr. R, Percy.—-Mr. Tome linson, son of the late Rev. Mr. T. minister of Burslem and Keel, 22.—-Mr. John Fox. At Breewood, Mr. Green, surgeon. At Stafford, Mr. Charles Hassall, 74. At Fenton, Mr. Hancock. At Hanley, Mr. William Brittain. At Walsall, Mr. Thomas Scott, one of the magistrates of that town. L At Litchfield, William Turner, esq. Mr. Hughes.—Ns, Allen. At Newfield, John George Child, esq. attorney, eldest sen of Admiral C. 43, , AG SS Se ae ‘ ‘4811.] Warrwick—Shropshire—Worcester— Hereford. 291 WARWICKSHIRE. Married.] At Birmingham, Lieutenant Charles Anthony, R.N. to Miss Clegg, of Great Haywood, Staffordshire. —Mr, Wilkins, of Dunchurch, to Mrs, Wilkins, of the Angel inn, Birmingham.—-Mr. William Dudley, of Wednesbury, to Miss Nancy Whitehouse. ' At Stratford-upon-Avon, Sylvester D. Wil- Son, esq. to Miss Battersbee, only daughter of Edmund B. esq. banker. : At Warwick, Mr. C. B. Bromley, book- * Beller, to Miss Sarah Boyes, second daughter of Mrs. Read, wife of the Rev. William R. “ Died.| At Kenilworth, Captain Patrick Don, brother of the late Sir Alexander D. 93.—John Stanton, esq. 74. At Moseley, Mrs Grove, 92. ; At Birmingham, Mrs. Agnes Antley, 72. w—Mr. ‘T. Day.—Mrs, Elizabeth Kelly, 24. —Mr. Joseph Beadney, 63.—Mrs. Phebe Morris.—=Mr. Joseph Johnson, 19.—Mrs. Cox.—Mr. William Showell. At Coventry, John, eldestson of Mr, Al- derman Williamson, 20.—Mrs. Owen, wife of Mr. Thomas O, , SHROPSHIRE. A correspondent of the Shrewsbury Chro- nicle gives the following simple process for ‘completely preventing the very unpleasant taste communicated to butter by the cattle eat- ‘ing turnips, and saving the expence of any in- gredient. The cream, when skimmed off the milk, and put intoa skillet, mustbe boiled . er a clear fire, and poured immediately into @ cteam pan; the same with every morning’s skimming until churned, always pouring it boiling hot into the pan, to the cream which had been prepared in the same way on the preceding mornings. : Married.} At Whitchurch, Mr, R. Poston, to Mrs, Lunt. At Bitterley, Mr. J. Smith, of the Cock- shoot, to Mrs. Martha Codewell. ' At Ludlow, Mr. Lewis Gianna, of Shrews- bury, to Miss L. Moses.—Mr. Greenhouses jun. to Miss Cropper. Died.] At Sowdley Parva, Mr. Wm. But- terton. - In London, Mrs. Pigott, wife of Mr, P. ef Ludlow. At Worthen, Mr, Wm. Dicken, 76. At Aston Hall, Mrs. Jane Pugh, a maiden lady, descended from the ancient and respec= table family of that name, in the parish of Kerry, Montgomeryshire. She has be- queathed 101. per annum for ever to the poor of the parish of Hopesay. At Shrewsbury, Mrs, Bodenham.-—Eliza, ‘oungest daughter of the late Rev, John Pye~ nch.eeThomas Jones, ¢sq,.—Mrs. Vaughan. —Mrs. Heath,—Mrs. Axons-Mr, James Waidson, 57.—Mr. Hewlett. At Meriden, Mr. Addison Ashburn, a re- lative of the celebrated author of the Spec- tator. At Newport, Mr. S, Rider, governor of the workhouse there, “Mrs. At Ash Magna, Mr. J. Jones. His only child, an infant, expired a few hours before him. At the Fens, near Whitechurch, Mrs. Dulson. At Sutton, Mr John Southern, agent to Lord Berwick, the Hon. Cecil Jenkinson, and Several gentlemen of the county; a man of sound judgment and the strictest integrity. At Tilstock, Mrs. Holland. At Whitchurch, Mrs. Grafton.— - relict of John B, esq. Osfendtchine hanes Gem tford—N orthampton. [April ty Dicd.] At Bicester, Miss Reading, late post-mistress there. At Charlbury, Mr. James Gardner.—Mr. John Barrett, late of Queen square, West minster. At Bloxham, John, youngest son of Mr. J» Davis, 20. At Wheatley, Mrs, Kennedy, relict of the Rev. Mr. K. of Abingdon, At Oxford, Mr. Fisher, sen.—Mr. George. —Mrs, North.—Mr. W. Mott, upwards of 20 years canon’s butler, of Christ Church, 67- BUCKINGHAMSHIRE. Died.] At High Wycombe, Sarah Louisay only daughter of the late Captain Charles Douglas, R.N. At Tyringham, Mrs..Praed, wife of Wil- liam P. esq. Mr. William Simpson, master of a large academy at Prospect Place, near High Wy~ combe. He left his residence, without as= Signing any reason for so doing ; and ten,days afterwards was found by some watermen drowned in the Thames, near London Bridge. . HERTFORDSHIRE. Died.] At Aspeden Hall, Mrs. Boldero, |. BEDFORDSHIRE. Died.] At Wroxhill Farm, Marston, Eli~ zabeth Judith, eldest daughter of Mr. John Foster, of Reyton Chapel, Lenham, Roe 16. : NORTHAMPTONSHIRE. Married.| At Long Buckby, Mr. B. Pett of St. Ive’s, Huntingdonshire, to Miss’ Denney, daughter of W. S. Denney, esq. of the former place, Died. At Peterborough, the Rev. Henry Mather Schutz, D.D. rector of Burton Cog- gles, Lincolnshire, and of Paston, in this county, 80. He was the oldest of the king’s chaplains, having been appointed in 1760. At Easton, near Stamford, Mr. James Woodward.—-Mrs. Bonner, 70. Mr. George West, 55. At Naseby, Mr. Hart Buck, and a few days afterwards, Mrs. B. his wife. At Pytchley Lodge, Mr. Luke Nunneley. At Northampton, Charles James, youngest son of W. Sutton, esq. 23. The Rev. John Clarke, master of the free grammar school Guilsborough, vicar of Duse ton, in this county, and of Weare Under- word, Bucks, 87. At Kettering, Mr. Jacob Watdoitt aged 87 years, 27 of which he spent with reputation as.a draper at Thrapston. He was the father of the town of Kettering. In the year 1745 he volunteered into the regiment of carbi- niers raised by that patriotic nobleman, Johr Duke of Montague, and marched with them into the north, under the command of Mae jor Swinney, to assist in quelling the rebele lion ; he is believed to be the last member of that respectable corps. About the year 1777, he'retired from Thrapston and return ed to this his native place; after which, he married his jhird wife, whem he sprvived 14 yearsa 1811]; ears, He was an early riser, and enjoyed ‘with but little interruption a Jong life of health. He was, till within ten days of his death, an early and constant attendant ©n public worship. His urbanity and sua- vity of manners, rendered him through life, an agreeable companion, a good neighbour, and a desirable friend. ' HUNTINGDONSHIRE. Died.] At St. Neots, George Fowler, esq. At Brampton, Mrs. Richards, wife of John R. esq. CAMBRIDGESHIRE, Married.] At. Gretna, Green, the Hon. Charles Ewan Law, second son of Lord Ellen- borough, to Elizabeth Sophia, daughter of the late Sir Edward, and sister to the present Sir Charles FE. Nightingale, bart, of Knees- worth House, in this county... ‘ At Cambridge, Richare Comings, esq. to ‘Anne, second daughter of the'late Mr. Ha- zard, Died.], At. March, Isle of Ely, R. H. Lewin, esq. _ At Thorney, Mrs. Watson.—Mr. T. Old- ham. At Fulbourn, Thomas Hancock, gent. 72. At Trinity College, Cambridge, Mr. Wil- liam Gilpin, eldest son of the Rey. Mr. Gil- pin, of Pulverbatch, Shropshire. He was a young man of a capacious understanding, re- fined by superior attainments in many branches ot /buman knowledge, and his mind was at- red to almost divine tranquility, by fer- ’ t religion and animated piety. t Wisbech, Mrs, Gynn, relict of Robert G, esq, 83. ' NORFOLK. Married.| At Swaffham, the Rev. John Dolignon, to Eliza, eldest daughter of the Rev. Archdeacon Yonge. Capt. Mills, 66th regiment, to Mrs. Brown, of the Manor House, Farlham. _ The Rev. Mr. Edwards, of Hetherset, to Emily, daughter of John Custance, esq. of ‘Weston House Died.| At Lynn, Mr. Lionel Self, 80. At Stalham, Benjamin Cubitt, gent. 73, At Shelton, Mr. S. Danby, Y3. At Hedenham,’ Mr. Richard Sheppard, 44. At Besthorpe, Mr. Daniel Buckenham. At West Winch, Mr. John Holman, of Shouldham, 69. At Tittleshall, Mrs. Gunton, 35. At Cidichwatton near Lynn, Mr. Collier Maitland, attorney, and many years steward to Admiral Bentinck, 65. At Yarmouth, John Locon, esq. At Shipdam, Elizabeth, wife of the Rev. Colby Butlock. At Norwich, in his 67th year, the Rev. Philip Wodeliouse, prebendary of the cathe- dral, and rector of Hingham and Barnham Brome, with Bickerston and Kimberly. He was second son of the late Sir Armine Wode- house, and brother of the present Lord Wode- Huntingdon—Cambridge~-Norfolk—Suffolk, Ke. 293 house. He was formerly of Emanuel colleze, Cambridge, B.A. 1767, M.A, 1778. SUFFOLK, Married.| At Hadleigh, the Rev, Frede- rick Croker, vicar of Goxhill, Lincoln, and of Pettistree, in this county, to Miss Ann Batt- weil.—Mr. P. Martineau, jun. of Norwich, to Eliza, youngest daughter of Wm. Barnard, esq. Mr. Orbell Hustler, of Stoke next Clare, to Miss Harriett Battyle, of Havernill. At Stowmarket, the Rev. W.. Ward, to Mrs. Byles, relict of Mr. John B, Mr. Knowles, surgeon, of Soliam, to Miss P. Edwards, second daughter of the late Mr, E. surgeon, of Newmarket. Died.| At Aldborough, Mrs. Lord, wife of Capt. .L. At Kessingland, Mrs. Crickmore, 72. he Rev. John Malkin, son of the late Rey. Gilbert M. rector of Thornham, 66. At Beccles, Thomas Ride, esq. 79. At Needham Market, Captain Stephenson Kitching, born March 19, 1738. He was the second son of John’K, esq. of Carleton, near Skipton, county York, by Margaret, his second wife, who was acnehter of John Ste- phenson, esq. of Old (gusd, in the forest of Pendle, county Lancaster. On the 21st of October, 1774, he entered himself a volun- teer officer in the first West Riding militia, Yorkshire, then commanded by Colonel Sir George Saville, bart. He married to his first wifey Anne, daughter of Henry Little, citizen of London, by whom he. had one daughter, who died August 21, 1788, aged 19 years and a half; to his second wife (1770) Diana, widow of John Proby, of Elton, Nor thamptonshire, esq. who was M.P, for Stame ford, county Lincoln, and also for the county of Huntingdonshire, 1788; to his third wite, Anna Maria, only daughter of T. Burdett, of London, esq. and widow of Thomas Hartley, merchant, of. Fish-street-hill, London; he married to his fourth wile, Jane, daughter of Mr. ‘Yabor, of Brightlandsea, Essex, gent. and widow of James Peto, of Stratford- BTOVEy Essex, e5q.3 he married to his fifth wife, Miss Beddingfield, of Needham: Market, who surviveshim. At Lakenheath, Mr. W. Marshall, 87. At Haughley, R. Ray, esq. one of the senior benchers of Lincoln’s Inn, 89. At Combs, near Stowmarket, Mr. Wms Cross. At Ipswich, Mrs, Freeman.—-Sarah, third daughter of “Mr, Barnes.—Miss Russel daughter of Capt. R. of the Hast Essex mili- tia.—Mrs. ‘Toosey, sen. 96. At Bury, Miss Crisp, 59. Mrs, &. Staunton, eidest daughter and co- heiress of the late T. S. esq: ot ikea uk, and grand-daughter of the first Lord Barnard. ESSEX Died.| At Woodtord, Mrs. Mathews, relict of Job M. esq. © At 294 At Chigwell, Mrs. Denham, relict of Ro- bert D. esq. At Heyden, Julia, youngest daughter of the Hon. William Frederic Wyndham, bro- ther to the Earl of Egremont. At Leyton, Mrs. Wildman, wife of Henry W. esq. At Manningtree, Mrs. Warren, relict of Mr. Warren, late of Whatfield Hall, Suffulk. At Kelvedon, Mrs. Shepheard, relict of the ‘Rev. George S. 88. At Borcham, Mrs. Ray, wife of the Rev. Mr. R. At Harwich, Capt, John Saunders, a capi- tal burgess of that corporation, formerly a commander of the Argus revenue cutter. Mr, Philip Fenning, a capital burgess. At Great Baddow, Mrs. Walker, wife of the Rev Mr. W. 62. At Kessingland, Mrs. Crickmore, 72. At Colchester, Mr. Thomas Hedge, soli- citor.—Samuel Tabor, jun. esq.——-Mr. Abra~ ham Stradling. ; At Braintree, Mrs. Elizabeth Coot, 44. At Oxend Farm, Bandfield, Mr. Wm. King. At Galeot, Mr. John Kendle, 65; anda few days afterwards his daughter, Mrs. Richard- son, £7. At Clacton, Mr. W. C. Neall, school- master, 65. At Hatfield Peverill, Miss Bennett, daughter of the Rev. Mr. B. vicar of that parish. KENT. The Elizabeth, Phillips, from London to Plymouth, took fire in Ramsgate harbour, (January 21st,) and was burnt to the water’s edge. The cargo, valued at 14 or 15,0001. consisted chiefly of grocery, oil, and tallow. On the lower tier were stowed about ten pipes of wine, which being under water, were not materially damaged. THe consternation on board the shipping there was very great : had there been much wind, or the accident taken place at low water, the effects might have been dreadful: Married.] At Deal, Lieut. Guthrie, R.N. to Miss Peak. At Rochester, Mr. W. Foreman, of Town Malling, to Miss Cutbush, of the Three Tuns inn, Maidstone. At Lee, John Allan, esq. of Clapham Common, to Eleonora, youngest daughter of the late Samuel Brandram, esq. of Lee Grove, , At Tenterden, Tanner, esq. of Vi- versfield, Sussex, to Mary, daughter of Mr. John Neve. At Malling, Capt. Wm. Rowan, 52d regi- ment, to Martha, third daughter uf G. Spong, esq. of Aylesiord. At Ospringe, John, son of Wm, Wight- wick, esq. of Romney, to Miss Chapman, of Whitehall, Essea—Kent— Surry. [April 1, At Minster, J. Bentham, esq. to Miss Chambers, of Sheerness. ‘ Died.] At Bifrons, near Canterbury, Ge neral Sir Wm, Green, bart. late chief royal engineer, aged 86 years, whose honourable and faithful services to his king and country, during a period of 70 years, particularly at the memorable siege of Gibraltar, conciliated the esteem of all his military cotemporaries, whilst his amiable disposition and urbanity of manners endeared him to a numerous circle of friends and relations, who now deeply de plore his loss. At Tenterden, Mr. Stephen Millsted, 77. At Sittingbourn, Mr. Wm, Stanton, sur- geon. ' At Faversham, Mrs. Eleanor Stevens, 30, —John Cobb, esq. 69- At Hythe, Mrs. Kemp, At Herne, Mrs. Wadham.—Mrs. John- cock. At Wingham, Mrs. Denne. At Boughton-under-Blean, Mrs. Spillett. At Upper Hardres, Mr. John Birch, yeo~ man, 86. He sat down to dinner apparently in good heaJth, dropped back in his chair, and died ina few minutes. At St. Laurence, Thanet, Mr. Richard Stevens, 86.—Mrs. Bax, 82.—Mr. Richard Offen, 80.—-Mr. Edward Daniels, 89.—-Mrs, Ann M‘Donald, 97. ; At Canterbury, Mr. Wm. Denne, 69.— Mr. Wm. Plumiey, 36.—Mr. Charles Moss, 20.—Mrs. Twyman.—Mrs. Martha Sutton. —Mrs. Rouse, 31. ‘a At Deal, Capt. Wm. Oakley, R.N. 63. At Dover, Wm. Cullen, esq.<-Mrs, Hene- Tietta King. : At Maidstone, Mrs. Barnet, 86.—Mr. Richard Cutbush, 65.—Henry, son of Dr. Shearman. : At Halden, Mrs, Day, 92. At Ramsgate, Mrs. Tanner.—Mr, Hobe day. rife At Rochester, Mr. Ashenden, 74.—Mr. R. Smith, SURRY. The following singular phenomenon has been observed at Woking, in this county. In the church yard, as long as any thing is left of a corpse interred there, besides the bones, a kind of plant grows up from it, about the thickness of a bulrush, with a top like- the head of asparagus, which comes near the surface, but never above it; the outside black, but the inside red; and when the corpse is quite consumed, the plant withers away. Married.] At Chertsey, the Rev. John Bond, of Friston, Suffolk, to Emily, second daughter of the late John Dixon, esq, Died.| At Woodcote, Epsom, George Smith, esq. a magistrate for the county, 45. At Kingston, Elizabeth, wife of Mr. Tho- mas Taylor. At the Rectory House, Sanderstead, Mrs. Courtney, wife of the Rev. JohnC. and only daughter 1811.] ¢ daughter of the Rev. Edmund Ferrers, rector of Cheriton, Hants. At Croydon, Emily, wife of R. Gooch, €sq- 24. At Morden, the Rev. F. H. Papendick. SUSSEX. A few months siace, a great part of Ash- down Forest, in this county, was inclosed by a set of men called Forresters, and also by the Rev. R. Bingham, the curate of the parish of Mayersfield; but the forest being deemed to be the right of the Duchess of Dorset, the inclosures were thrown down by order of ber grace, Lord Whitworth, and Lord Sheffield {the acting magistrate for that county). This act irtitated those who had made inclo- sures, and some of them were heard to make use of threatening language. On Sunday, December 16, a letter was found on the road near Mayersfield, by the sons of Mr. R. Jen- ner, a respectable farmer, directed to their father; the boys took it home, but their father being absent, they gave the letter to their mother, who on opening it, discovered that it was headed, in large letters, ‘¢ Fire! Murder! and Revenge!!” and the contents were threatening destruction to the parson, churchwardens, farmers’ houses, barns, and Stacks. The boys told their mother, that after Mr, Bingham performed the morning service at Mayersfield church, he got on horseback, to ride toa neighbouring parish to do duty there in the afternoon; he passed them, and when he was a short distance from them, they sawa paper drop from his pocket, which they were positive was the letter they picked up, and they suspected it to be his hand-writing, although it was evidently very much disguised ; for these suggestions, how- eyer, the boys were reproved, Mr. Bingham being considered a highly respectable cha- racter, and a very intimate friend of Mr, Jen- ners. The circumstance caused considerable alarm in that part of the country. Lords Whitworth and Shettield published an adver- tisement, offering a reward of 2001. for the discovery of the writer of the letter; anda number of persons were employed to watch Mr. Jenner’s premises, and to patrole in dif- ferent parts. On the 16th of January last, t. Bingham’s house was discovered to be on fire, and great part of the premises was de- stroyed, as has already been stated. The account given by Mr. Bingham of the fire, being very extraordinary and unsatisfactory, ‘Lord Sheffield sent to the Public Office, Bow- Street, for an active and intelligent officer, and Mr. Read sent Adkins. Upon the offi- cer’s arrival, after making inquiries, he strongly suspected that Mr. Bingham had set his own house on fire, and in consequence placed several men to watch. One of them -discovered Mr. Bingham bringing a great ‘ quantity of books from his stable, and bury- _iog them in his garden. From a variety of other suspicious circumstances, a warrant-was granted against Mr, B. and one to search his ; Sussex— Hampshire. 395 premises, when Adkins ound, in the roof of the privy, a variety of valuable papers con- cealed. In consequence of those and other suspicious circumstances, he was charged witlz having sec his premises on fire, for the pur- pose of defrauding the Union Fire Office; and, having been taken into custody, he unders went a final examination at Lewes, hefore Lords Chichester and Sheffield, and was fully committed for trial—Such is the account given of this affair in all the public prints,, but it appears that at the late Horsham as~: sizes, the Rev. Mr. Bingham was bonourablyy acquitted on the charges which had beeig fabricated against him. The means takers to influence the public against him by the most scandalous falsehoods, and the treat» ment he met with in prison, render this one of the most diabolical conspiracies on record, and the public calls aloud for exemplary legal vengeance against all the parties concerned im it. At least, the punishment which they had designed for this respectable clergyman, ought to fall on them. Died.} At Yapton Place, in child-bed, Mrs. Whyte, wife of Capt. W. of the Royal Navy. At Uckfield, Mrs. Newton, relict of the Rev. G. Newton, rector of Isfield, in this county. At Brighton, in consequence of her clothes accidentally taking fire, Mrs. Pankhurst. At Pevensey, Mrs. Austin, wife of Mr. A. of the Castle Inn. She was found dead in her bed, with her infant sucking at the breast. At Arundel, Mrs. Puttock. HAMPSHIRE. Married.| At South Stoneham, Mr. Charles Hurry, of London, to Miss Lane, daughter of John L, esq. of South Stoneham House. At Christ-church, Mr. Thomas Taylor, of London, to Mary, second daughter of Mr. Meshack Pike, the present acting mayor of Christ-church. At Odiham, Mr. C. Mant, surgeon, of Southampton, to Miss Harman, only daugh- ter of the late James H, esq. of Reading. Died.] At Ryde, Isle of Wight, Alexander G. K. Shippard, student at the Royal Naval College, eldest sop of Capt. 3. of the Royal Navy. At Jumper’s House,’ Christ-church, Mre Bullock, wife of Benjamin B. esq. At St. Helier’s, Jersey, Mrs. E. Beuze~ ville, relict of the Rev. Samuel B. and sister to the late Admiral Ourry, 86. At Winchester, Mrs. Kernot, 55.—Miss Murdin, 60. ; - At Newport, Isle of Wight, Lady Pinhorn, wife of Sir John P. 66. At Alresford, Mr. Hart, 72. ; At Bighton, the Rev. Mr. Harrison, of that place, 72: At Romsey, Mrs. Davis. At Totton, Mr, Wm, Hinning, 82. rector 296 At Southampton, Mrs. Lotherington, wife of Capt. L. of the merchant service.—Mr. "Thomas Miles. At Moortown, near Ringwood, Mr. Philip Blatch, fourth son of Wm. B. esq. At Stockbridge, Mr. George Wooldridge, of Wherwell, 65. At Hurstborne Priors, Jane, second daugh~ ter of Mrs. Lawds. At Grately, Mr. Joseph Batt, 87. At Fareham, J. Thresher, esq. 67. WILTSHIRE. Married.] At Salisbury, Mr. James Burt, of East Stower, Dorset, to Mrs. Ann Bennet, gmother of Mrs. Nichols, of the Plume of Feathers inn. Died.] At Salisbury, Mrs. Muspratt, 86. e=Thomas Harrison, weaver. No authentic décument of his age could pe found; but if his own statement was accurate, he was born wery early in 1709, and was consequently 102 years old —Mr, George Morris, 52.—Mr. Langridge.—Mrs. -Young, mother of Mr, Isaac Y. of the Red Lion inn, 86. At Cricklade, Mrs. Jape. At Teffont, Mrs. Ann Larkham, 28; and the following day her husband, Mr, James L. 26. ‘ At Melksham, Mr. Isaac Earl, 80. At Shipton, Mr. George Rumsey, 76. At Seend, Mr. Daniel Jones, 37. At Market Lavington, Mr. Woolmer, apo- thecary. ; At Maddington, Mary Anne, daughter of the Rev. Mr. Legge. BENKSHIRE,. Married.] At Wargrave, the Rev. E. W. Estcotrt, rector of Newington and Shipton, to Bertha, second daughter of Thomas Wyatt, esq. “at Pangbourne, the Rev. George Hulme, of Shinfield, to Elizabeth, eldest daughter of the Rev. Dr. Breedon, of Bere Court. At Donnington, Lieut. Col. Quintin, 10th light dragoons, to Georgiana, daughter of the late James Laurell, esq. of Upper Grosvenor- Street. At Reading, Mr. C. Woodward, of London, to Miss Margaret Lamb, youngest daughter “of Mr, John L, : _* Liect. Bradley, R. N. to Harriet, ‘second daughter of the Rev. Mr. D’Avenant, of Kintbury House. | . Died.] At Clewér, the infant son of Capt. Hirst, of the Blues. > At Maidenhead, Mr. James White, late of York. ° At Radley, Mr. Greenaway, 75. At Horstbourne Priors, Jane, second daugh- ter of Mr. Lawes. At Reading, Mrs. Smith, At Windsor, at the Lower Lodge, Miss Gaskoin, the attendant of the late Princess Amelia. At Bryn Hill, near Maidenhead, Mr. W. Francis, formerly master of the Free School at Shinfield, but since of the Gramgnar School ef Hungeriord. Wiltshire—Berkshire—Somersetshire. ~~ eo [April 1 At Lovells Hill, Windsor Forest, in his 66th year,, the Rev. E, Stone, rector of Hore vendon, Bucks, vicar of Stagsden, Bedford shire, and a magistrate for the counties of Bucks and Oxon. Th bY SOMERSETSHIRE. Thie buildings of the upper crescents at Clif~ ton, are nearly compleated, and the terrace of the largest will not be rivalled by any street in England: besides the two upper crescents, there are great buildings going on upon the downs ; ard the lower crescent, (Mr. Brooke er’s) will undoubtedly soon follow. Thus, Clifton will assume the appearance of a new city ; and doubtless will soon, from the mu- nificence of the merchants, be accommodated with a market, newchurch, &c. The hotel, erected by Mr. Oriel, is far superior in point of magnitude, to any known theie before; and it is said, will afford neat accommodations to all classes, and elegant rooms for dancing, cards, &c. ' The place was never before sa full of company: A great improvement is talked of, and is indeed much wanting—the clearing the springs of the Old Hotwell 5 they ought to be thrown open to the light, and received frqm the fountain head directly, without pumping. Baths also should be erected, as their well-known efficacy incuring | ulcers, wouldthen be proved in diabetes, they are an acknowledged remedy for all disorders of the bowels; but, asa cure for consumption, it is now thought that they have always failed. These changes, once affected, these pure Springs would soon be more resorted to than ever. When the new cut is finished, from Bath to Bristol, the Kennet and Avon will becom- pleat, and a water intercourse immediately established between the two latter daily. Married.], At Clifton, George Yeeles, esq, of Bathford, to Henrietta, third daughter of the late James Cross, esq. At Bath, the Rev. E. Meyrick, of Rams- bury, to Mrs. Habersham, of Lansdown Cres- cent.—Capt. Penny, of the East India Com- pany’s service, to Elizabeth, only daughter of the late S.'P. Bean, esq. of Stoke-under- Hambden, in this coanty.—Thomas White, esq- to Louisa, elvesc daughter of Robert More, esq. of Linley Hall, Salop. At Bristol, the Rev. F. Belfield, jun. of Primley Hill, Devon, to Eleanor, eldest ‘daughter of Thomas Daniel, esq. Died.] At Bath, aged 72, Colonel Rober Brooke, of the East India Company’s service, who eminently distinguished himself by his military conduct in India, and, in the station of Governer of St. Helena, manifested his zeal for his king and country, by the season able aid he gave of troops, money, and mili- tary stores, to assist at the first conquest of the Cape of Good Hope; and by fitting ovt and equipping a squadron of company’s ships, to act under Captain (now Admiral) Essing= toi, for intercepting and capturing a fleet of homeward-bound Dutch East Indiamen. By - thgse who knew his public merits and services “4811.J “he was revered; by those who knew the be- nevolence of his private character and virtues he was beloved.—Lady Liddell, relict of Sir . George Henry L. bart. of Ravensworth Cas- tle, Durham.—Mrs. A. Gore, sister of Sir “Robert Gore Booth, bart.—Mrs. -Knollis, wife of the Hon. Colonel] K.—Wm. Kennedy Lawrie, esq. of Redcastle, Galloway.—John Gay Brett, esq. of Ockbrook, Derbyshire, 41. _roMrs. Plimley, wife of the Rev. Henry P. wicar of New Windsor, Berks.—Col. Lutt- rell, brother te J. L. esq. M.P.—Major Ge- neral Gent. ; At. Bristol, Capt. Jchn Shilstone, 72.— ‘Mrs. Calaway, of St. Paul’s boarding-scheol. —-Thomas Hobbs, esq. At Innox Hill, near Frome, John Vincent, @sq. Many years an emilient surgeon of that place. At Frome, H. Sheppard, esq. At Hinton St. George, the seat of Earl Poulett, the Right Honourable the Coun- tess Poulett. Her ladyship was daughter of Admiral Sir G. Pocock, K..B. was*'mar- ried to Earl Poulett in 1782, and has left five sons and three daughters. She was a most ‘liberal benefactress to the poor, and her loss will be long and deeply regretted. * At West Harptree, Jane, youngest daugh- ter of the Rev. James Rouquet. . At Wellisford House, near Wellington, ‘Annabella, third daughter of Robert Gar. ‘diner, esq. ‘At Tremlett House, Wm. Bluett, esq. At Oakhampton House, Lacy Yea, esq. DORSETSHIRE. : A curious thrashing machine, driven by awater, was started lately at Crocker’s farm, “near Shaston, in a barn which stands fixty- ‘four feet above the level of thewater, and full 336 feet distant from the machine. It goes emarkably easy, scarcely a straw either Crippled or corn left in it was tobe found, and dt‘thrashed nearly three quarters of vats in ‘one hour. . ‘ A statue surrounded with an iron palisade, ~has been erected by subscription, inhonor of ‘his Majesty, at Weymouth. On the front of ‘the pedestal, towards the royal residence, is inscribed: ‘¢ The grateful inhabitants to King George the. Third, on his entering the 50th year of his reigns’? and on the part facing the town: ‘¢ James Hamilton, archi- ‘tect. ” Married.} At Monkton, Mr. Stephen Groves, of Burton, near Christ-church, to Miss Gord, daughter of Mr.” John G, of Monkton Farm. : ; At,Dorchester, Capt. Payne, R.N..to Miss Elizabeth Bryer. Died.) At Nash Court, near .Marnhull, John Hussey, esq. 74. » At Sherborne, Mr. Wm. Cuzner, 85. t Bridport, Mr. E. Dally, attorney. t Shaftesbury, Wm. Pidding Bennett, gon of Mr. Thomas B. 15. Monturx Mac, No. 211, ? Dorsetshire— Dévonshire—Cornwall, 297 " DEVONSHIRE. Married.] At. Teigngrace, Capt. Dunn, R.N. to Charlotte Frances, youngest dauzh- ter of James Templer, esq. of Stover House. At Teignworth, the Rev. Richard Strode, of Newnham Park, Devon, to Harriet, youngest daughter of the late Sir Frederic L. Rogers, bart . At Chudleigh, Mr. John May, of Totnes, to Miss C. Harvey, daughter of the late John HH. esq. of Liskeard. At Stoke, James Fletcher, esq. purser of H.M.S. Lapwing, to Miss Blewett, of East Stonehouse. At Exeter, Mr. Thos. Daws, of Dorchester to Miss C, E. Morgan. ; igsiks At Ugbrook, the seat of Lord Clifford, Humphrey Weld, esq. brother of ‘Thomas Weld, ‘esq.: of Lullworth Castie, Dorset, to the Hon. Christina Clifford, eldest daughter of Lord C, Died] At Plymouth, Lady U. Sandford, daughter of Alexander, Earl‘of Antrim, and sister of the.late: Marquis of Antrim: At Lympstone, Mrs. Gattey, wife of Mr. Edward G. solicitor, and niece to Mr. Justice Heath. ‘ At Compton, near Plymouth, Mrs. Shaw, relict of Jacob S. esq. 74. ; At .Totnes, John Haynes, eldest son :of John H.. Harrison, esq. of Copfotd Hall, Essex, 18. : At Exmouth, Robert Shaw, esq. formerly a colonel in the service of the “East India Company, 55.—Orlando Lockyer, esq. 73. At Exeter, Miss Western, late of the 'Ply- mouth and Dock theatrés.-Mrs. Lewis, relict of the Rev. Mr. L. formerly pastor of a dissenting congregation in this city, 85. At Northcote House, Edward Blagdon, esq. He was descended from one of the most ancient and: respectable families in Devon- shire, and was distinguished by his unsullied honour, firm integrity, and unaffected piety. His loyalty also was conspicuous: he raised a volunteer corps in the vicinity of his paternal residence, and for many years commanded it with credit to himself and benefit to his count try. .Captain G. Blagdon Westcott, whio fell gallantly commanding his Majesty’s ship ‘Majestic, in the battle of the’ Nile, and to whose memory parliament have erected a ma- nument by the side of Nelson, in St. Paul’s Cathedral, was of his family. . At Barn Cot, near Plympton, T. Ealesy. esq. who three yeurs’since served the office of chief magistrate of Plymouth, 50. | At Foulscomb, Richard King. At Lamerton, the Rev. Rées Price, vicar of that place, nt ma At Huntsham, Mrs.Troyte, relict of Wm, T. e549. 69. ; At Axminster, Mrs. Clarke, 90, CORNWALL.) - Government have at length perceived the 1 ‘inconvenience of requiring the packets to ed 3 rendezvous 298 vendezvous at Plymouth instead of Wisaacn; and an order has been transmitted to the se- veral captains of packets to make the port of Falmouth, as formerly. Married.| At St. Mary’s, Scilly, Lieut. Gol. Cockle, commandant of Hugh Fort, to Miss Harriet Moss. : At St. Erth, Lieut. Angove, R.N. to Charlotte, third daughter of Mr. John Gear. At Truro, Mr. John Ferris Bensallack, attorney-at-law, to Miss Elizabeth Ferris, “second daughter of Mr. Joseph F. alderman of Truro, ‘ At Falmouth, Nicholas Pococlz, esq. com- mander of H. M, packet Princess Mary, to Elizabeth, thiré daughter of John Carne, esq. At Madron, Richard Millet, esq. of Bosa- yern, to Miss Ann Penberthy, of Penzance. At St. Hilary, Mr, Paul Moyle, surgeon of Fowey, to Jane Vyvyan, youngest daughter of Mr. Moyle, surgeon of Marazion. Died.| At Trelogan, Mrs. O*Dogherty, wife of Colonel O’D. At Truro, Mr. Thomson, 835. At. Bude, the Rev. John Pans, rector of -Whitstone, near Stratton. Capt. Thomas Gilbert, of Wheal Fortune Mine, Kenwyn. At Towey, Mrs. Harris, 76. At St. Austell, Mr. Edward Hodge, 75.— Hrs. Avery, 86. 4 At St. Ives, Miss Ann Grenfell, 16.— Mr. Joseph Hitt, surgeon.—Mr. Freeman, schoo! master. At Withiel, the Rev. Henry Vyvyan, cou- sin to Sir Carew V. bart, At Penryn, Mrs. Wilson, wife of Mr. Thomas W. jun. 4 At Falmouth, on his way to Malta, F. H. Williams, esq. of London, 37.—Mrs. Rey- nolds, 76.—Mr. Benjamin Pascoes, parish clerk.—-Mr. Samuel Clarke, 29. At Redruth, Mrs. Harper.—Mr. Thomas Davey. At Launceston, Dr. Cudlipp. At Loce, Mrs. Taylor, wile of Capt.Wm. T. of the sloop Unity. At Mevagissey, Mr. Richard Blamey.— Mary, daughter of Mr. James Hodge.—Mr. Jonathan Allen. * At St. Columb, Mr. Francis Jane, 72.— Mrs, Brewer, 49.—Mrs. Sarah Clemowe, 82. At Bodmin, Mr. Anstis. At Penzance, Mr. Potter.—Mrs. Bassett, wife of Mr. B. supervisor of excise. Pe eens WALES. Mr. Madocks has nearly completed his im- portant work for excluding the sea from the extensive vale between the Carnarvonshire mountains. Workmen are employed in preparing the foundations of’ a pier at Holyhead, and in raising materials: 10,0001. haye been ‘pro- mised by government for the work, 7,0001. bas been granted. . _ The projected Breconshire and Herefyrd- Wales. with [April 1, shire Tram road, promises great benefits to the counties of Brecon, Radnor, and Here- ford. The sum to forward the undertaking already subscribed, amounts to 31,6001. At the late annual meeting of Penllyn and Edernion Agricultural Society, a premium:of ten guineas was paid to Mr. E. Jones, of Llan= drillo, for the best cart stallion: two pre-' miums of five guineas each to Colonel Vaug- han and Mr. Robert Jones, of Llaethgwm, for the best bulls; three premiums of three guineas: each to Mr. Walter Jones, of Cefu Rug, Mr. R. Jones, of Llaecthgwm, and Mr. Clark, of Corwen, for the best heifers; .a pre- mium of four guineas to Mr. R. Roberts, of Nantfawr, for the best Welsh tup; three guineas to Colonel Vaughan, for the second best ditto; two guineas each to Mr. Morris Hughes, of Gayfron, for the third best ditto, and to Mr. D. Roberts, of the Druid-inn, for the best sow; three guineas each to Edward Lioyd, of Rhagatt, esq. for ploughing the greatest number of acres with two horses abreast, without a driver, and Richard Hughes Lloyd, of Gwerclas, esq. for the best crop of vetches; five guineas to Mr. Thomas Hughes, of Pen-y-bont, for the best crop of turnips; two guineas to Bell Lloyd, esq. for the second best ditto; five guineas to Edward Lloyd, esq. for the best crop of Swedish tur- nips, three guineas each to Mr. John Ellis, White-Lion inn, Bali, for the best crop of potatoes; and to Mr. Thomas Hughes, of Hafod.fanog, for making the greatest length of walling; besides four small premiumg-for hives of bees; bringing up children without parochial relief and long servitude. ~ In addition to those four excellent institu= tions in Swansea, the boys’ and girls schools on the Lancastrian system, the Dispensary and the Bible Society, a plan is in contempla- tion for considerably extending the advantages of eduatiog among the female poor, and up- wards of 4()01. is subscribed for the charitable purpose ;“which, when accomplished, will provide the means of instruction for between five and six hundred indigent children of both sexes, and rendering them useful members of society. © Considering the population of Swansea, the claims of the poor on their more opulent fellow-creatures are no where more humanely considered. Plarried.| At Swansea, Edward Gainey esq. of Edinburgh,.to Miss Hendrie, sister of W. H. esq. of Swansea. At Cotty, Glamorganshire, William Spen: cer, esq. to Mrs, Thomas, widow of the laté Capt. ¥'. of Laleston. £ At Cardigan, the Rev. William Morgan, vicar of Llandewy Velfrey, Pembrokeshire, | to Miss Makeég, of Dolewillim, Carmar- thenshire. * ‘ Captain Henry Laffer, of Liverpool], to Miss Edwards, eldest daughter of John E. esq of Kelsterton, Flintshire. : At Swansea, the Hpo. Windham Henry Lip eA vale ®y Quin, 1811.J] Quin, M.P. for Limerick, to Caroline, only daughter of T. Windham, esq. M.P. of Dun- raven Castic, Glamorganshire. At Llanyre, Radnor, Thomas Higgins, esq. of Hay, to Miss Fortune Williams. se- cond daughter of John W. esq. of Cwm, Rad- norshiire, Captain Martin, R.N. late of Trenewydd, to Miss Thomas, of Narberth. At St. Clear’s, Carmarthen, Wm. Ma- thews, esq. captain in the Hon. East India Company’s service, on the Madras establish- ment, to his cousin, Miss Murray, eldest daughter of Alexander M. esq. of Hatton- garden, Lendon. At Pembrey Church, Carmarthen, Captain Joshua Wedge, to Miss Roe. Evan George, esq. of Plas-Crown, Pem- brojzeshire, to Miss James, eldest daughter of thé late Rev. Mr. J. vicar of Llandilo. ' At Tenby, Lieut. James Morgan Strang- way, of the Marines, to Lucretia, daughter of tke late Mr. Hudson, solicitor, of Hanp- stead. Capt. James Lewis, of St. Clear’s, to Mrs. Price, widow of the late Mr. P. of Yenby. Died.| At Swansea, Capt. Diamond. AtGlanba ren, Montgomery, Pryce Buck- ‘Tey, esq. 79. rhe . At Garn, near Denbigh, Mrs. Griffith, re+ lict of John G. esq. “At Venby, aged 51, the Rev. Edward _. Hughes, miny years rector of that place. ~ Endeared to a iarge and respectable circle of friends by his gentlemanly manners and bene- “volent disposition, few men ever lived so be- loved, or died su regretted. Active in the service of all who required his assistance, and strict in the performance of evety domestic and social duty, he may be said to have pas- sed through life without ever gaining an enemy, or losing a friend. At Wrexham, the Rev. Edward Davies, A.M. for many years master of the grammar schoo] ‘in that town, and rector of Lilanarmun Dyftryn Ceiriog. NORTH BRITAIN. The Monthly Farming Club, ‘at Dalkeith, in Scotland, has offered a premium of five hundred pounds to any person who shall pro- duce a machine at an expence not exceeding sixty pounds, capable of being wrought by one or two horses, and two men, and which upon trial, in presence of a committee ap- pointed by the ciub, shall at any time pre- vious to the 50th of Septembes, 1812, cut down two S At pastor of the associate congregration there, jn the 50th year of his age, and 24th of his- His death was’ sudden, and the- Ministry. circumstances attending that event rendered it impressive in no common degree. He had just finished the services of the day, which inability had-compelled him somewhat to abridge, when, after having advanced a very-short way towards home, he sunk down, and expired in the arms of one of his elders, without a groan. _At Greenock, inthe 64th year of her age, Mrs. Margaret Forsyth, ‘bookseller, which business she had followed for 42 years. IRELAND. The commissioners appointed by parlia- ment to inquire into the nature and extent of the several bogs in Ireland, with the practi- eability. of draining and cultivating them, have. made their first report, in which they state, that the bogs comprise more than one- fourth of the entire superficial extent of Ire- land, or about one million of English acres; that they-form, as far as they have been examined, a mass of the peculiar substance called peat, of the average thickness of 29 feet, no where less than 12, not found to exceed 42; this substance varies materially in its appearances and properties, in ptoportion® to the depth at which it lies: on the upper strface it is covered with moss of various $decies, and to the depth of ten feet composed of a mass of the fibres of similar vegetables in different stages of decomposition, generally, however, too open in their texture to be applied to the purposes of fuel: below this is a blackish turf: at a greater depth the fibres of vegetable matter cease to be visible, the cdlour of the turf becomes blacker, and its ptoperties as fut! more valuable: near the bottom of the bog it forms a black mass, which, when dry, has a strong res-mblance to pitch or bituminous coal, and having a cur- vilinear fracture in every direction, witha black shining lustre, and susceptible of re- ceiving a considerable polish. The commis- sioners divided all the bogs, containing above’ 500 acres, in the counties of Kildare, King’s County, Tipperary, Westmeath, and Long- ford, into seven districts, which they assigned to an equal number of engineers; with direc- tions to examine’ and report thereon. Only one of the reports has been made out, name- ly, that in the eastern division, which, accor- ding to the engineer, may be drained with facility, at an expence of about 147,0001. and: which would gain 22,490 Irish, or 36,430 English acres, and be convertible to all the purposes of husbandry. - Died.| At.Cappaghvicr, near Castlebar, ' Mr. Edward Maley, 110. At Annadale, the séit of his brother, the Hon, William John Skeffingto:. He was the younger soa of the fifth Lord Mesjarecae Freland. At Balfron, the Rev. William Fuller,’ SOT in’ lineal descent, and brother to Henry, the present Earl of Massareene. In Dublin, Mr. David. Bourke. editor of Saunders’s News-Letter, which office he alled fur 37 years, and its duties he discharged with exemplary fidelity to his employers, and sa- tisfaction to the public at large.—In an obs scure lodging in’ Leeson)stréet, in his 634 year, Augustine Pentheny, esq. a miser of the most perfect drawing: that nature has éver given to thé world, From the low and abo ridus conditiom of a journéyman ¢odpér, he accumulated the enormows sum of 300;00012 in the island of Autizgua and Santa Crazs He was born in the villdge of Longwoody: county of Meath, and was very eaily in life - encouraged to make 4 voyage to the West’ Indies, to foilow his trade, under che patto= nage of )iis materndl uncle; anothér advén- turer of the name of Gaynor, béttef khown amongst his neighbours by the namé of Peter Big Brogues, from the enormous shoes he was modnted in, on the day heset out on his tras vels. Peter acquired an immense fortunes and li¥ed to see his only child married to Sir G, -Colebrouk, chairman to the East India - company; and a banker in London; to whom Peter gave with his daoghter 209,0001. Mr: A. Pentheny saw mankind only tlirough one- medium; his vital powers were so diverted from generous or social subjects, by the pre= vailing passion of golil; that he could discover no trait in any character, howevef venerable or respectable, that w4s fot seconded by riches; in fact, any ohe that was not rich he considered only as ah inferior animal; neither worthy of nitict, not safe to be ddmitted into society. This extraordinary feeling he ex- tended to female society, and; if possible, with a greater degree of Jisgust. A wwomas he considered only as an ilcuinbrance dn a mat of property, and therefore he never coald be prevailed upon to admit ont into his confi< dence. As to wedlock he atterly, and unis forinly tejected any idea of it. His wite Wad the public funds, and His children guineds 5 and no parent or husband paid more deference or ease to thé comforts of his family. He was never known to stpatate his immente hoard; by rewarding a generous attion, or ele wating a premature or accidentdl misfortune by the application of one’shilling to such put poses. It could scarcely be expected he would bestow a gift or extend charity to others; he ws so niggardly of comforts té himself: The evening before he died, some busy friend Sent 4 respectable physician td him, at which the old miser did not shew any apparent dislike, ontil he recollected the doctér might expect a fee; this alarmed him, and imme-> diately raising himself in the bed, he ad= dressed the Irish Esculapius in the following words: *¢ Doctor, I 4m a strong man, and know my. disorder, and could cure myself,’ | apt, as My. Nangle has. sent you ro my assis~ tance, 302 tance, I shall not exchange you for’any other person, if we can come to an'understanding;;. in fact I wish to know what you will charge for your attendance until I am recovered?” The doctor answered, ‘* eight guineas.” «¢ Ah? sir,” said the old man, ‘if you knew. my disorder you would not. be exorbitant: but to put an end to this discussion, I will give you six guineas and a half.” The doctor assented, and the patient held out his arm with the fee, and to have his pulse considered, and laid himself down again. His relations were numerous, but not being, in hisopinion, qua- lified, for want of experience in the manage-. ment of money, to nurse his wealth, he be- queathed the entire of it to a rich family in the West Indies, with the generous sum of 41. annually to a faithful servant, who lived with him 24 years. In the will he expresses great kindness for poor John, and says he be- queathied the 41. for his kind services, that his latter days may be spent in comfortable inde- pendence! Like Thellusson, he would not allow his fortune to pass to his heirs imme- diately, as he directed that the entire should be funded for 14 years, and then, in its im- proved state, be at the disposal of the heirs, he has chosen, Fer the regulation of his last will and testament he appointed Walter-Nan- gle, esq. and Major O'Farrell, late of the Austrian army, his,executors, and the Right Honourable David La Touche, and Lord Fin- gal, trustees. DEATHS AEROAD. At Lisbon, Colonel. James Wynch, of the 4th regiment, or King’s Own, who was pro- moted to the command of a brigade, and put on the staff a short time before his dece:se. This gallant officer had long distinguished himself by his uniform exertions and bravery in defence of his king and country. He had served successively in every expedition of im- portance undertaken during the war. At the Helder he was severely wounded,. and at the battle of Corunna was shot through the body 5 from which latter wound he never entirely recovered. At Trocifal, Portugal, of a violent fever and delirum, (the consequence of over fa- tigue) William How.Campbell, esq. briga~ dier-generalin the Portuguese service, colonel and lieut.-colonel of the 2d battalion, 31st foot. His indefatigable zeal fur the good of the service, and the individual comfort of the soldier, endeared him to all; devoted from his earliest youth to the enthusiastic study of his profession, his talents and abilities prognos- ticated a career of glory, had he not thus early (at the age of 33) met a fate lamentable and untimely. His family have to deplore their blighted prospects; his cozntry, the loss of a valuable officer. On board the Crocodile frigate, at Sierra Leone, in the 35th year of his age, Thomas udlam, esq. lately appointed by his Majesty Dedths' Abroad. [April t, a commissioner for special purposes on that coast; and, eldest surviving son of the late Rev. Wm. Ludlam, of Leicester. The pree mature death of this excellent voung man is not cnly a subject of sincere Jamentation to his numerous friends, but is in some degree a national loss. Inheriting no small portion of his father’s netural talent for scientific pur- suits, and cultivated by a sound classical edy- cation, his first views in life were turned to the liberal profession of a printer; and in thar capacity we gladly bear testimony to the ex- cellence of his conduct during a regular ap- prenticeship. Gentle and unassuming in his* manners, and industrious in his habits of busi- ness, his conduct gave general satisfaction both to his equals and his superiors, -Soon after the expiration of his apprenticeship, an opportunity occurred, which was thought favourable both to his health and his future fortune, of entering into the service uf the Sierra Leone Company; and in thag infant Colony he was for a considerable time one of the council, and at length became governor. On the colony being taken into the hands of the administration, a new governor was ap- pointed by the crown; but Mr, Ludlam ob- tained an especial commission, with power to visit such parts of the coast of Africa as might be thought useful co the interests of Gréat Britain and the general cause of huma- nity 3 a commission for which, by his mild conciliatory manners, and by the experience acquired during a long residence at Sierra Leone, he was most eminently qualified. But his bodily strength was not equal to the task he had undertaken; and he fell a victim to disease, originally arising from a weak cun- stitution; but with the pleasing consolation, both to himself and his surviving friends, that his life, though mot a long.one, was wholly passed in endeavours to be useful to all man- kind. ; At sea, on board his Majesty’s ship Dro- medary, Colonel William Paterson, lieute= nant-colonel of the 102d regiment, fellow of the Royal Society, member of the Asiatic So- ciety, and many years lieutenant-governor of New South Wales, from which colony he wes returning to England in the command of the 102d regiment. On the Jamaica station, Captain William Charlton, commanding his Majesty's ship Garland. He commenced his naval career under the late. circumnavigator, Captain Cooke, and was with that officer when-he met his death. At Kingston, in Jamaica, Ann, the wi‘e of Colonel Thomlinson, of the 18th regiment of foot, and eldest daughter of the late Rev. William Plumbe, rector of Ayghton, in the « county of Lancaster. j On his passage to India, Lieut. Allen Ca- meron, of the 70th Highland regiment, son to Lieut. John C. of the 6th royal vetergn ‘ battalion, _ Hing a short illness of six days. vv 181i.) battalion. When a little more than ten yeats of age, he carried the regimental colours at the battle of Maida, and though these were much torn by the enemy’s shot, he had the good fortune to remain uptouched. He after- wards setved with the battalion in Egypt, and as adjutant to the battalion of detachments from the Isle of Wight on the Walcheren expeditions where he unfortunately con- tracted the fatal disorder to which he fell a youthful victim. At the settlement of Hobart, New South Wales, Lieutenant.governor Collins. He died whilst sitting in his chair conversing with his surgeony who had attended him du- His funeral was attended by all the officers of the settle- ment, Lieut. Lord, of the marines, following the bier as chief mourner. Upwards of 600 persons attended to pay the last duties of respect to their revered Commander. At the head- quarters of the Bricisharmy in Portugal, at Cartaxo, after a short illness, occasioned by an aneurism of the heart, and the bursting of a large tl iod-vessel, in his 49th year, the most excellent Senor Don Pe- dro Caro y Sureda, Marquis de la Romana, Grandee of Spain, Grand Cross of the Royal Spanish Order of Charles LI{. and Captain- General of his most Christian Majesty. He was born in the city of Palma, in the island of Majorca. After an education suitable to his high birth, during which he made a rapid progress in. the learned languages, with the classics of which he was familiarly acquain- ted, emulous of his father, who died glori- ously in the field of honour in the expedi‘ion to Algiers in 1775, he began his military ca- reer in the Marine Guards of the Royal Navy. There he continued till the war of the French Revolution ; at which period, being the cap- tain of a frigate, he entered, with the rank of colonel, the army of Navarre, commanded by hisuncle, Lieut. gen. Don Ventura Caro; and afterwards that of Catalonia. In these armies, by his valour and distinguished ser- vices, he rose successively to the rank of lieu- tenant-general. In 1801 he was appointed captain-general of Catalonia, and president of the Royal Audiencia of that province; in which capacity he found opportunities of dis- playing his extensive knowledge and sound policy. He was atterwards appointed direc- tor-general of epgineers, and counsellor at war, The insidious plans which the tyrant Deaths Abroad. 303 of Europe already cherished, led him to with- draw from Spain, the Marquis of la Romana with her best troops. In the command of these the marquis displayed an intelligence’ and delicacy which are well known, till the situation of his beloved country coming to his knowledge amid the snows of the north, from that moment he vowed to succour her; sur- mounting, with that view, a thousand dan- gers and difficulties. In the command of the army of the left, which he soon obtained, he executed the most skilful movements and retreats, suspending and frustrating the plans of the always superior forces of the enemy. By his conduct and military skill, he finally succeeded in expelling them from Gailicia, even to their own astonishment, and to the surprise of all who knew the small means he: had at his disposal, Soon after he was sum= moned to the Central Justa; where he pre- sented himself, not asa victorious general, but as an unassuming representative, display= ing all the force of his character only in that vote which he gave in October 1809, on the necessity of forming immediately a council of regency. On the 24th of January, 1810, the supreme government being dispersed by the entrance of the French into Andalusia, he returned to take the command of the army of Estremadura. His presence was of such great importance, that to it was owing the enthu- siasm displayed in Badajoz, and in the whole province. The efforts which the enemy had made since that time are well known,-and likewise the skill with which the marquis contrived to keep them in check, and frus= trate their plans, Estremadura being at last cleared of the enemy, and Massena having advanced in front of the lines at Torres Vedras, the marquis marched in haste, with two divisions of his army, and had since coustantly been by the side of his illustrious friend, Lord Wellington, who, in one of his official dispatches, has so justly appreciated his merit and virtues, and’whose eulogy will’ serve to mark the loss which Spain’ has suffered by his death, as well as the common cause of the allies, even though we had not mumerous proofs of the public enthu- siasm which his name and fame inspired ia all quartets. His body was conveyed by water to Lisbon, and there deposited with suitable honors and ceremonies, in the mo* nastéery of St. Jerome, till it shall be re- moved to Spain. ‘ MONTHLY f° P08 J [April 45 MONTHLY AGRICULTURAL REPORT. He THE few beans and pease already above ground look healthy. ' Spring-sowing bendtally backward, but the Jands now work well. ‘The wheats recovered from the degree of damage receiy, ‘ed during winter, and in a flourishing state upon all good lands; but; on’ the cold and wet, Improyement must be waited for, and will depend on the mildn.ss of the spring. Some haye-still a yellow and, unhealthy appesrance. Accounts from yarious parts speak well of the remaining turnips, and the auie are said to bein a very thriying state. Winter tares, rye, young clovers, and grass, appear very pro- mising 5-and,the clover-seed of Jast.season has proved equal in quality to the finest of former years, indeed can. scarcely be remembered:so fine. Hay very scarce. Stock of cattle in the country abundant, cows rather dearer. Pigs becoming very plenti- ful, the. price of barley, pease, and ‘beans, having been for some time favourable to the ‘bregder, anda Stock of pigs being-soon raised. The stock of wheat in the country is univer- sally ‘reckoned considerable, still siore so of barley, on which a farther depression Of price may pe expected, a circumstance extremely favourable to the public, since not only is the breeding of pigs encouraged, which shas been defective so many years, : but vast additional quantities ‘of park and bacon will in consequence be made, and the price of those necessary articles graqtly reduced in no great length of time. Should another large crop of wheat suc ceed, agreat revolution may .be expected in the’ price of all the necessaries of life, an ‘event which will be accelerated by. our constant large imports of provisions from Ireland, where also breeding. and stock.feeding is ina state of rapid increase and improyement. The fall of lambs.has .been very large and successful, and they: are likely to be very early fit for market. Fhe report.from all quarters fayourable. In Smithfield market, Beef fetches from 5s. to Gs. per stone of 8b. ;—»Mutton, from 53 4d. \to.6s. 3—-V.eal, 6s. to-7s. 8d. ;—House-Lamb, 19s. Gd. to 17s. 6d. per quarter ;—ePork, "3. to-7s. rr 3—Bacon, 6s. 84. to7s, 4d. ;—Irish, 5s. 4d. to 5s. 10d. ;—+Fat, 4s. to 4s. 4d. i oy Skins, 203, to 3Qs, = Middlesex, March 25- MONTHLY COMMERCIAL REPORT, Betsy TraDE and Manuracturrs.—We regret to state that the manpfactories in Lancashire of cotton goods, at Notiingham of hosiery, &c. continue in the same‘des plorable way, for want of exportation to the'Continent, and failures of the most respectable | houses take place every day. We hope the intended relief offered by government of six millions t to. the merchants and manufacturers, may give some favourable turn to the present dreary aspect of affairs, but we apprehend that sbrec times the sum would not be sufficient for the intended purpose. The ptices of West=India cotton wool is merely nominal, there being no purdisaexa in the market for the article from the foregoing reasons. Dye-stuffs of every description are at reduced. prices, and West-India produce is flat_in the market, a little advance of about 3s: per cwt. has taken place in raw sugar,’ but coffee continues at nominal prices, and no. sale whatever for it. The manufactories of Birmingham, Sheffield, &c. of iron and, brass goods, &c. axe.at a.complete stand, and thousands of poor workmen totally out of employ: In Consequence of.the high price of bullion, the Bank of-England now receive the 5s. dol lars.at the.rate of hs. Gd. each, and issue them at the same rate, the dollar being worth nearly at value.at the present high price of silver; in consequence of this arrangement.the funds get fluctuated a little. . ‘The linen market at Dublin is just over, and, owing to the present unsettled state of affairs with America, no purchases whatever were made for the United States, consequently the articles of linen, sheetings, &c. went off at reduced . prices, and the market turned out an uncommonly ip one. for the manufacturers and bleachers of the,North. © _France.—Some kind of intercourse with respect to commercial correspondence with this country has at length taken place, by. the late arrival of mails from Germany, which broughts letters from: France dated four months back, and up to very recent dates. By.this convey~ ance it appears that Bonaparte’s burning decree still contipues in full force, end the most rigid exertions are used to prevent any kind of commercial intercourse with Great Britain- Yet our government have granted licenses to vessels to proceed to the continent, with per- mission to bring home seeds, &c. but all other French goods are prohibited. PorTuGAL.—tThe situation of this country has puta total stop to all kind of commerce, except the export of their wines, which, from the scarcity of wine, and the want of brandies to make them up, have got up to the enormous price of 6Ol. per pipe, exclusive of duty, excise, and charges, which, if added to the first cost, would bring port wine to a market at no less a pri¢e than 120!: per pipe! There are no old wines in the country, consequently the rices are likely to advance still higher. SPain.—The commerce with this ect is chiefly confined to Galles and that only i be the . _MONTHLY MAGAZINE. No. 219.] MAY-1, 1811. [4 of Vox. 31. As long as thofe who write are ambitious of making Converts, and of giving ‘their Opinions a Maximum of Influence and Celebrity, the moft extenfively circulated Mifcellany will repay with the greate Effect the Curiofity of thofe- who read either for Amufement of Infirustion.—-JOHNSON, 4 ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS: ~ To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR, S much, if not all, that has of late been written and said on the use of Stramonium or Thorn-apple in the asth- ma, has originated from a letter signed Verax, and published in your Magazine, vol. 29, page 409, I shall beg leave to trouble you with the following brief his- tory of the first introduction of this re- medy into this country, as far, at least, as has come to mv knowledge. Some time in the year 1802, I re- ceived from General Gent a remedy that he had not long before brought from Madras, which, the general informed me, was used there as a specific for relieving the paroxysms of astlima, and that it was prepared from the roots of the wild pur- ple-flowered thorn apple (Datura feroz ).. ‘Fhe roots had heen cut into slips as soon as gathered, dried in the shade, and then beat into fibres resembling coarse hemp. The mode of using it was by “smoking it in a pipe at the time of the paroxysm, either by itself or mixed with tobacco, according as the patients were previously addicted to smoking or vot. General Gent procured this remedy from Dr. Anderson, physician-general at Ma- dras, who both recommended it, and, I believe, used it himself. I happened at this timé to be atteng- ing the daughter of an eminent physi- cian, labouring under phthisis pulmonalis, combined with asthma, as appeared to me from the frequent paroxysins of diffi- culty of breathing, not usual in pure phthisis, at least in so early a stave of the disorder. With a view of alleviating these distressing paroxysms, I recom. mended a trial of this remedy, which to me was at that time perfectly new. relief obtained was far beyond expec- tation, and, although gradually sinking under an incurable disease, this amiable Jady continued to experience great satis- faction im its use, almost to the fatal termination. Soon after this, meeting with Mr. ‘Toulmin, surgeon of Hackney, at a time / Monruny Mac, No. 212. Elgon The’ when he was much harrassed by frequent paroxysms of asthma, under which he had been suffering for several years, I recommended the same remedy to him. He received so much benefit from its use, that I gladly transferred all of the ree medy that I had. left to him. But the quantity not being sufficient to last long, he was obliged to have recourse to our common thorn-apple (Datura Sfrarmno-, nium), of which I had advised him to try the stalks, as the roots of this species are small and fibrous. Mr. Toulmin expe. rienced nearly the same relief from this as from the East Indian plant: he likee wise tried the leaves, but could hardly distinguish these from tobacco, either in taste or effects. From Mr. Toulmin, the knowledge of this remedy was commu- nicated, among others, to your corres spondent VERAX. I have two purposes to answer by the abovecommunication. Inthe first place, it will serve to point out the history of the introduction of a remedy which pro- mises to become an important addition to the Materia Medica; not that I.can claim any merit from the share that I have accidentally had in it; but the prin~ cipal intention I have had in view, was to show that the original remedy, as-used. in the East Indies, is not exactly the same as what ts used here. It is indeed highly probable that both species have nearly similar virtues, but the one nay perhaps be more efficacious than the other. It is to be hoped that prepared roots will be imported from Madras, in order that such patients as may not have experienced the promised relief from smoking the stalks of Datura Siramonium, may have an opportunity of trying whe- ther the roots of Datura feror may be more efficacious, ~ More. care ought to be taken in the preparation of the stramonium than is usually done. The staiks ought to be cut into slender slips while recent, and dried quickly.” In our climate, the ye~ neral direction of drying in the shade is injurious to. most herbs: the quicker they ¢ HES, ' fe $10 The Duke of Grafton, not the Author of “* Apeleutherus.” [May 1, are dried the more they retain of the taste-and colour, and consequently of thé virtues of the fresh plant. I observe, that of late, the whole plant is sold in the physic-herb shops, as a remedy for the asthma. Now it ought to be gene- rally known that the leaves, and more especially the unripe capsule and seeds of the thorn-apple, are a very powerful, nay éven a deleterious narcotic, if taken internally, and probably cannot, in all eases, be, even smoked with impunity. Yet the Jeaves, according to the expe- rience of Mr, Toulmin himself, * are not possessed of the same powers, in allaying the asthmatic paroxysms, as the compa- ratively . mild, and innocent stalks and FOOtS,, J. Sims. Guilford-street, March 16, 1811. To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR, HE 1 ingenious author of the memoir of ‘the Jate duke of Grafton, in your last Magazine, must be greatly mis- taken in attributing to that nobleman, a work published some years ago, under the fitle of “ Apeleutherus,” . It is im- possible that the duke of Grafton should have been the author of that publication, because the sentiments contained init are the reverse of those which that ve- nerable nobleman is well known to have eutertained, | The design of “ Apeleu- therus,” is to discourage public worship and social prayer, and by the stress which it lays upon the internal evidences of revelation, to supersede, if not en- tirely, at least in a great measure, the evidence of miracles. I will take upon myself to say, that these were not the duke of Grafton’s sentiments. He was a firm believer in the Christian reve- lation, upon the evidence of miracles, and especially the miracle of our Lord’s resurrection. As long as he was able to go abroad, he was a most regular, se- rious, and exemplary attendant upon publie worship. the established liturgy, when purified ac- cording to the plan of Dr. Clarke and Mr. Lindsey, from the errors with which, with respect to the sole object of wor-° * Since writing the above, I have been informed by Mr. Toulmia, that from his ex- Greme dislike to tobacco, which they appeared to him to resemble in taste, he made but very few trials of smoking the leayes, not sufficient, he thinks, toascertain their virtue, though inthe few instances in which he used hem, shey certainly aiorded him ag relief, ; . And to the forms of ship, it'is disigured, he was most firmly attached. Lam persuaded, that nothing would have hurt his feelings more, than to have known that he was 5 suspected ‘of being the author of Apeleutherus.” * Desiring therefore, as far as my tes- timony will go, to correct the mistake, and presuming that neither yow nor your correspondent have any interest or wish to misrepresent the fact, EF request the publication of this letter in your next Number. T. BELSHAMs Hackney, April 4, 1811. a : To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine, SIR, C JEANLINESS is. one of the chief deities among the household gods, and is one to which our worship is cons stantly due. She rewards her votaries with health and cheerfulness, and makes the fire-side of a cottage as agreeable as the Buzaglo of a palace. She renders the coarsest fare an agreeable luxury, and the most magnificent entertainment af» fords no luxury without ‘er presiding ins fluence. Ina word, she is the queen, of civilization, and her most favourite haunts are the houses of the English, Welsh, Dutch, and Swiss. Favourable, however, as the interior of English houses are to the genius of cleanliness, it is to be lamented that fox want of a police, or of arrangements for the purpose, the streets of London are disgustingly filthy, and area disgrace to the general manners, habits, and cha- racter of the nation, Streets covered x foot deep with mud blackened by the noxious distillation of coal-fires ;_ filthy, odours from the corners of every street, and the entragces of every alley ; and coats of condensed smoke and various: efiluvia, attached to the walls of the. houses, and coeval with them, are the present characteristics of London. Ne- vertheless, with its abundant supplies of, water, its common sewers and other con= veniences, it might be kept perfectly pure, and become a pattern of public cleanliness and external neatness to all cities. Nothing is wanted but @ police, or or= ganization of labour for the purpose. An act of parliament may be necessary,, and although the expenses of extermi- nating dirt, filth, and voisome smells, might amount te 40.0001. or 45,000L. per annum, it would not be above seven or eight shillings onthe average, to every, houses The advantages in, point ,of hgalvhy pleasantness, and cheerfulness, would 1811.) Plan for Clearing the Streets, Ke. ofthe Metropolis. » 331 would be great beyond belief; and would, in many respects, double the agreeables of atown life. In fact, for an expense of a few shillings per annum, a residence in London might be rendered as plea- sant and healthy, as one in the country, It may be supposed also, that external cleanliness would lead to increased neat- ness in the houses, dresses, and habits of the poor. The details of my own plan should be something like the following : i. Let there be created an office for a director of health, appointed by the ¢ommoen council of London, with a sa- lary of twelve hundred pounds per annum; and an establishment of as- sistants, two clerks and eivht surveyors, or inspectors, at salaries of two hundred and. fifty pounds each. 2. Let the metropolis from the me- tidian of Hyde-Park corner, to that of Mite-End; and from the parallel of Is- lington church, to that of Kennington, be divided into eight districts, each to be under the ‘direction of a surveyor, who should change’ his district every twelve months. S. Let each surveyor have: under his order, thirty regular labourers, each at one pound five shillings per week, with power to double the number three days in every week, if needful. These la- bourers to consist of cartmen, sweepers, and white-washers ; and the supernume- faries to be taken from the parish work- houses of the districts, at two shillings per . day. 4, Let every district be provided with 2 yard, or-repository for its carts, horses, lime-washing apparatus, &c. &c. where also the district-surveyor should reside. 5. The measures of cleanliness to con- sist : ; ; A. In the regular sweeping of all the streets, lanes, alleys, &c. every other morning, and inthe removal of all nui- sances aad offensive objects every morn- ing, occasionally to wash them; and during snow, to sweep and cleanse them every morning. B. In the enforcement of cleanliness on the part of the public, in regard to sweeping the pavement opposite their doors, &c. &e. c. In lime-washing all houses which are exempted by reason of the poverty of their inhabitants from paying poor’s- rates, twice on the outside every year, and once in the inside, pv. In lime-washing twice a year, all dead-walls, six feet high, and alsu the i usual spaces under shop and other win- dows, three or four feet high, unless the owners should choose to paint them, or renew their surfaces in some other way twice a year, and wash them twice a week. E. To cause plenty of drains to he made under the pavement, with sinks for certain convenient purposes, and to wash them with hot lime every other morning, F. To lime-wash and cleanse unused areas, and uninhabited cellars, twice in every year. 6. The.fronts of all houses. in streets, lanes, alleys, and courts, not exceeding fifteen feet in width, to be lime-washed, painted, or stuccoed, twice in every year, under forfeiture of twenty pounds; and if not done in two years, to be lime- washed by the police, and the expense charged, 7. The back parts of all houses, in which there is not a space of fifteen feet between the walls, to be lime-washed, painted, or stuccoed, once in every year, under the like penalty. 8. The exteriar walls of all public buildings, churches, church-yards, &c. &c. to be lime-washed by the police, at least six feet high, twice in every year, unless otherwise renewed by thé owners, 9. To enforce especial regulations for the cleanliness of markets, and to:pre- vent the exercise of noisome trades at improper hours. 10, To water all the streets in dry weather once a day, in the months of June, July, August and September, It must be evident, that under such arrangements, London would be the cleanest city in the world, and unite all the agreeables. of residence to an en- lightened andpolished people. - Typhus fever, which is a perpetual plague in all the »poor * quarters, would, by these means, be exterminated. In all narrow streets, the pecuniary: advantages from increased light, would in some respects be equal to those from improved air and health. Indeed, independent of increased pleasure and health, the-general habits of cleanliness introduced by these means, would induce wealthy persons in the principal streets, to stucco and beaus tify the exterior of their houses, and the appearance of the whole metropolis might, in consequence, bein all respects, improved, The effects altogether on this dirty and noisome city, would not fail to be that of enchantment Nothing would be requisite to effect auek S12 such desitable objects, than for one of the members for London, Westminster, Middlesex, or Southwark, to prepare and bring in a bill, having sent provisions, and there can be no doubt but it would be hailed as a salutary measure in and out of parliament, and be carried into execution, attended by no sentiment ‘besides that of gratitude to its projector, and applause to him who reduced it to a daw. Cuersea. Common Sense. Nov. 17, 1810. Pos io oceeel To.the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. STR & THINK you will do right to notice in the Monthly Magazine, a legisla~ tive phenomenon which I believe has not occurred before since the 9th Hen, 3.; in the passing of two excellent acts of parliament the same day. I mean chap. 51 and 2 of 50 Geo. III. This took place the 9th of June, 1810, 545 years from the re-enactment of Magna Charta. The first of these repealed, the statute of 7 James I. c. 4. by which a woman, among those of the most uneducated, ig- morant, and neglected, class of society, chargeable to a parish by her inconti- mnence, was to be kept to close imprison- -mentand labor for one whole year. Andon the second offence was to find good sure- ties for her behaviour,and to beimprisoned aill found : which, the repealing act very justly observes, might be imprisonment for hfe. It also provides that on signs of reformation, the imprisonment, which as to be not less than six weeks, nor more than one‘year, is mitigable, by warrant of the committing magistates to discharge the prisoner at any time after the six weeks. By the 2d the statute of 8 and 9 W. IIL. ‘c. 30, s. 2. is'repealed, which re- quired the poor to be badged -with a Jarge Roman P, and the initial of their parish, so as to be conspicuous; and punish them, on refusing or neglecting to wear this badge, by whipping. The first of these acts had lasted al- most exactly two centuries, and the se- cond “above one. The first was fre- quently, the second rarely, executed, But it was high time for the repeal of both of them. These repealing acts have among their essential excellences, the same inerit of conciseness. ; In this“ legtm aliarum super alias Two bad Laws repealed in one Day. [May 1, cumulatarum Mole,” the repeal of bad laws is much more wanted than the enactment of new; and is one of the best proofs of legislative wisdom, and of attention to the laws, the constitution, and the welfare of the people. Carpet Lorrr.e ee To the Editor ofthe Monthly Magazine. SIR, HE number of lives lost, and the damage and inconvenience sus- tained, particularly in winter, when torrents of water, and great quantities of ice and snow force their way down rivers, (at other seasens perhaps insig- nificant) carrying away the bridges in their course; having frequently occupied my mind, and believing I have devised a mode by which the same may be pres vented, IT have obtained a patent fora new method of erecting bridges, &c. without arches or sterlings; the advan- tages to be derived from which are, that they are not subject to be injured or de- stroyed by floods—no kind of ground is unsuitable for the foundation—they ma be erected in the most difficult and ale most inaccessible places—roads may be continued over marshy grounds without the danger of being destroyed in winter,» and are alike applicable to every situation whether public or private—are erected in a small space of time—and compara- tively inconsiderable expence. AsI hope and trust this will be found of essential benefit to society, I beg the favour of you to give publicity to this, by inserting it in the ensuing number, Bristol, March, 1811. Sanau Gurpy, Apes Sa TETeY To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR, Na being a professional man, TF was not aware, in the statement of facts respecting Admiral. Patton, which I sent for insertion inthe Monthly Magazine, that the term ordinary seamen was appropriated inthe ship’s books to landmen and inexpert sailors, who re- ceive inferior wages to those who are rated able; whereas the persons I meant to disctiminate by that appellation, are all included in the class of able seamen, who draw the highest wages, upon an equal footing with the most expert sailors, meriting the appellation of prime seamen; and greatly their superiors in professional merit. lt is upon this distinction, Ad- miral Patton’s plan for the improvement and. security of the navy rests; which may be understood by my mares ub asilj but it would prevent misconception, and obviate cavil upon this head, if the ex- pression inferior seamen were substituted for ordinary seamen, wherever it occurs in my statement. Rosert Parron. Hampshire, February 2, 1811. To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR, AVING paid some attention to the H astronomical quere in your last, I venture to submit the following ideas on the subject, by way gf an attempt at a solution. Although the moon contains only a fortieth part of the quantity of matter that the earth does, she is said to be the largest secondary planet in the system, in proportion to its primary. The argu- ment may therefore be most fairly stated as between these two, since it would apply yet more strongly to the others. The attraction of the moon upon the waters of the earth is just sufficient to raise a moderate and beneficial tide, which is met by the several places of the earth twice in each diurnal revolution: whereas if we were its secondary planet, and the primary one forty times our bulk, it would attract the waters with forty times the furce that they are now subject to; and consequently vast regions of the earth would twice in every day be inun- dated ; and a great additional inconve- nience would certainly result from the increased rapidity in the ebbing and flowing of the waters. It may indeed be doubted whether they would be at all navizable. But supposing that we (like the moon) always turned the same face towards our primary, then, although the waters which were under and opposite to it would be greatly raised by its at- traction ; yet as they would remain con- stautly in the same state, (except such gentle variations as might restilt from eauses hereafter to be noticed) the effect arising from the diiference of bulk would be the same as if there were no tide at all; so that none of the above inconve- niences would be perceived. it is evident therefore that the moon can have no sensible tides resulting from the eartl’s attraction, except what arise from the. variation in the degree of that attraction, in consequence of the changes of distance; and as her eccentricity 3s ‘considerable, and the earth so large a body, itis probable that this change of distance may have the effect of produc- dug a gentle tide, whereby the waters f- 4 Phenomena of the Boon. $18 ‘under and oppusite to the earth will be highest-in the périgeon and lowest in the apogeon. There will consequently be high water and. low water once in about twenty-eight of our days, or a periodical month, which is not quite equal to a day and night in the moon, Besides this, the attraction of the sun will also pro» duce another tide, (as it does with us), returning to all parts of the moon twice in a Junation or synodical month, which is the lunar day and night. TYhe varying positions of the sun and moon will produce either spring or neap tides, according as their actions concur with, or counteract, each other, and the greatest spring tides in the parts directly under, and opposite to, the earth, being when the sun is in the moon’s perigeon at the conjunction, orin her apogeon at the opposition; and the lowest neap tides when the moon is in her apogeon ata quadrature. In the circle, ninety degrees from those points, or what we call the moon’s limb, the contrary will take place. The fluctuations of the lu- nar waters, arising from these causes, are probably sufficient to preserve their sweet- hess, and to answer other purposes of convenience, as the tides do with us. In the above theory it is taken for granted that lunar seas exist, which L find is denied by some philosophers, and I observe that the one, who is possessed of the most powerful apparatus for ob= servation, speaks of the moon as if it were decidedly not a terraqueous globe. Others however are of a different way of thinking, and there seem to be good ar- guments for their opinions : but which- ever way that question be decided, J ap- prehend it is agreed on all hands that the moon is furnished with an atmo- sphere, and the reasoning above may be applied to that, although there should be no seas. For I presume it to be indis- putable that the earth and mocn,: by their attraction, raise tides in each other's atmosphere, and that the air m the pro- tuberant parts must be thereby consi= derably rarified, and in those remote from them, as much condensed; both which effects must be abundantly greater in the moon than on theearth. It might therefore be a serious inconvenience to the former if so considerable an alter- ation in the state of the air were to re- eur at all places successively at short jatervals of time, as the Udes,of the same nature do with us; for besides their ef. fect (or influence as it is called) on the minds and bodies of 4a unfortunate de- acriplion Sit scription of people, which I apprehend “to he certain fact, I. make so doubt but that, combined with other unknown causes, it is of no small consequence in producing alterations of the weather. dt appears therefore to be wisely ordered that in the moon the effects on the earth’s great attraction should be always ucarly the same at each particular place; and it may probably be a principal cause of the constant serenity which seems to take place in the lunar atmosphere. . Joun ANDREWS. Modbury, March 8, 1811. a For the Monthly Magazine. °REMARKS on the ELEMEN'S of the TRUE ARITHMETIC Of INFINITES, by THOMAS Tayton (the Platonst) ; in a LETTER to the auTHor, by w. saint, ad- dressed to THOMAS TaYLoR, ESQ. of WALWORTH. Norwich, March 4, 1811. sIR, %7 OUR “ Elements of the True Arith- ‘metic of Ininites,” having acci- dentally fallen into my hands, I was anxious to see in what manner you had treated this subject, not only on account of your professed admiration of the sci- entific accuracy of the ancient mathema- ticians, but from the vaunting style in which you seemed to exult over the mo- derus, even in the very title page of your performance: I therefore eagerly applied to your book with the confident expectation that I should be made ac- -quainted with the true “ nature of infi- nitesimals,” and that I should find that ‘you had treated this curious branch of mathematics in the most unexception- abie manner. Judge then, Sir, of my surprise when, instead of that divine ac- curacy, that logical precision, that lumi- ‘nous arrangement, for which the wri- tings of the ancients are so pre-eminently dsstinguished, I met with. nothing but absurd premises, confused reasoning, and false conclusions! T can scarcely hope to convince you, ‘Sir, that your peiformance abounds with errors and absurdities; but, as you have evinced an almost unexampled degree of boldness, not to say arromance, even “in the title page of your work, by decla- ‘ring therein that you have * denzonstrated all the propositions in Dr. Wallis’s Arith- metic of Infinites, and also the principles of the Doctrine of #luxions, to be false,” LT think it but right to convince others, or at least to attempt to convince them, ‘that, however juss your pretensions may Remarks on Taylor’s Elements “ay [May & be to an accurate knowledge of the an« cient philosophy, or to an intimate ac quaintance with Pagan theology, your claims to the higher honor of refoting Wallis or Newton have no foundation, except in the ebullitions of your own vanity. Now then, Sir, to the point: Fam ready to grant your three first postulates, though I cannot help rematking, that, in a work abounding with so many preten- sions to perfect accuracy, it would have accorded better with those pretensions, if these postulates had been preceded by definitions of the terms addition, sub- traction, division, &c, more particularly as you appear on sume eccasions to have used these terms in a sense differing from that in which they are commonly re- ceived. Your fourth postulate, however, I by no means so readily grant; it runs thus, ‘* Thatto multiply one number, or one series of numbers, by another, is the same thing as to add either of those numbers, or series of numbers, to itself, as alten as there are units in the other.” Now, to say nothing of the absurdity of cal,ing this a postulate, which is, in re= ality, a definilion, I do not believe that it conveys even your own meaning, for surely you will not say that 3 multiplied .by 2 is the same as 3 added twice to it- self{—for 3 added once to itself makes 6, and if added twice to itself it will make 9; andI cannot think, Sir, that you meant to say that S multiplied by 2 is equal to 9. Moreover, Sir, I beg to ask you what you can mean in this postulate by a *¢ series of numbers,” unless several or many numbers connected together by the sign plus or minus? And if so, I will further ask you how the units in either series are to be ascertained, (for the purpose of kuowing how many times the other series is to be “ added.to itse/f” to produce the product), unless by an actual summation of that series, that is by collecting its terms into one sum ac- cording to their signs? Now if you had to multiply the series i--i+1-+-1, Xe. ad infinitum by i—~1, since you have asserted in the corollaries to your first proposition that 1—1 is that “ which 18 neither quantity nor nothing, but which is something belonging to number with outbeing number.’ You would thus have to add the infinite series 1+-1--1--4, &c. to itself, as many times as are de= noted by that which is neither quantity nor nothing, but which is something be- longing to number ,without being nam= ber.” In like manner, Sir, to. muluply " A ye ole” i peg 3st.) _ 4—1 by the infinite series 14-11-11, &c. would be to add that to itself which is “ neither quantity nor nothing” an infinite number of times; and this sam _ teing equal to the former (unless indeed you deny that 2 multiplied by 3 is the — same with 3 multiplied by 2, or, more generally, that a multiplied by & is the same with 6 multiplicd by @) you would have an infinite number added to itself “neither quantity wor nothing” times, equal to ‘neither quantity nor nothing” added to itself an infinite number of times!—I know not, Mr. Taylor, what you may-think of this, but [ will tell you | most freely that I think it to be infinite ~ monsense ! And Iwas nat a little asto- __nished to meet with this “ splendid in- Stance of absurdity,” to use your own ~ language, in the very outset of a work in which you most modestly observe that | * The rambling and precipitate genius of modern mathematicians, eager to arrive at some conclusion which may be applicable _ to practical purposes, neglects thut rigid Vatcurucy of demonstration, which may be alled the impregnable fortress of the ma- thematical science, and for which the we- “nius of ancient mathematicians was so re-eminently distinguished.” : But I pass, Sir, from your postulates 9 your first proposition, the enunciation id demonstration of which I will here nt down at length, as affording a fair specimen of the accuracy of your logic. «¢ Proposition 1, an infinitesimal, or infinitely ¥ a 4111s a 3 1 all’ part of the fraction Ty and’ an lite se f 1—1 Hi : I ries of 1—1 is equal to 1" in like manner, also, 1—2-++-1 is an in- initely small part of 11 + 9 — 11 4 21 1 91 1 Sc a 11 infin. and an infinite series of 1—2-+-1 11-24 —1-b9— 11, &c. &e. a+ —— ad infin, and an mite series of 1—2 is equal to Be ie tio, Thus, too, 1—3 ey ' 1— 9-9. 9_—9.. Ba, € infinitesimal of- 4-8. ied ep 1-3 —3—S—3, Ke. ‘tl , and so, of T-1 of the True Arithmetic of Infinites. S15 From 1° Subtract 1—141—141—141-1, &c, Remainder *+1—141—14+1—141, &c. “ But by the second postulate the re- mainder added to what is subtracted is egual to the subtrahend, Hence the so- ries 1—1+1—1+1—1, &c. added to 1—1-+-1—1+1—1, &c. is equal to’ 1. ‘The series 1—14-1—1+1—1, &c. is therefore equal to a and conse-: 1.1 quently 1—1 is an infinitesimal. For it cannot be O, since an infinite series of @, added to an infinite series of 0, can never be equal to 4, “Tn like manner, If from 1—i—1+2—1—14 + 2m I—1, &eL Subtract 1—2+141—94+ j{41—944, &c. Remaind. - 1—2+1+41—v-+141—2, ac. and thercfure 1—2-L1 is an infinitesimal ; and so of the rest. “Corol. 1. Hence such expressions as 1—1i, 1—2-+4+-1, 1—2, &e. are neither quantities nor nothings, but they are something belonging to number, without being nunrber ; just as a point, which is the extremity of a line, is something be-, longing to, without being a line. *“Corol. 2. Ifence, likewise suclz expressions when they are considered as. paris of infinite series, are not to be taken separate from the terms by which they are expressed, viz. 1—1, for instance. is not to be considered as a subtraction: of 1 from 1; for, in this case, it woul, be 0. Nor is 1-2 to be considered as a subtraction of 2 from 4; since it wauld’ then be —1i. But these expressions are, always to be considered in connexion with the nuinbers by which they are formed. “< Coro]. 8, Hence, the series which, are called by modern mathematicians neutral and diverging series, are .erro= neously so called, for they are in reality: convering series.” In this proposition, Sir, you begin by aflirming that 1—1 is an znfinitesinal, without having previously defined what constitutes an infinitesimal; perhaps, however, the qualifying words “ infinitely small part” which follow were designed to supply this deficiency. Your demone stration, I presume, begins at the word “Vrom ;’—ifso, let me ask you by what means you obtained the remainder ve 1 11 + 4 — 141-1, hc? © Your answer rust certainly be, that you actually subtracted the first term of the second line, or nun ber to be subtracted from the first term (and here only tern) 6! the first ine or subtrahend, and that you 316 you called the remainder 0 or nothing, or rather dot or *, to which you annexed the other terms of your second, line, or number to be subtracted, with their signs changed, agreeably to the common rule for the subtraction of algebraic quantities. Now, surely, as the author of an Elementary Treatise, you oughi to have previously demonstrated the grounds -of this method of subtraction: passing over, however, this unpardonable omis- sion, I would ask, why the first term of your second line should be actually sub- _tracted from the subtrahend, rather than put down after that subtrahend with its siva changed, in like manner as all the terms after the first in that line are put down? in which case, instead of the dot or * in the remainder, you would have had {—1; to this, perhaps, you will answer that you would still have had the series 1—1+1—111—1, &c. fora re- mainder, which I also readily admit; but what, let me ask, would have been the result of the second part of your demon- stration, where you attempt to shew that 1—2-+-1 is an infinitesimal; if, instead ef actuad/y subtracting the first term of your second line from the same term of your first, you had only put the former down with its sign changed after the latter 2 Would you not, in this case, instead of > 1—2-+-1-++-1—2+1-11—2, &c. have obtained 1—1-+-1—2+1+-1— 24+-1+1—2, &c. fora remainder? and how then; Sir, would you have sewn that this latter series consisted of your boasted infinitesiinal 1—2+-1 ?—Again, if in the first exainple, instead of placing the subtrahend 1 over the first term of the second line, you had put it over any of the succeeding terms in the same line, as in the following instances, you could not have obtained the remainder ~-1—1+1—1, &c. as may be seen on anspection = F From 1 Subtract 1—1+1—1+1, &c. * Remainder is —1+-2—14-1—1, &c. ees, . From : 1 » Subtract 1—1-+-1—1, &c. Remainder is —1--i+1—1+1, &c. From 11 Subtract 1—1+1—1+1, &e. Remainder is —1+i-+1—1, &c. ’ From 1 . Subtract 1—1-+-1—1-+41, &c. Remainder is —141—1+2—1, &c. Remarks on Taylor’s Elements [May 1, thus an infinite number of remainders might be obtained from the infinite variety of positions in which the subtra- hend might be placed, and any one of these I will affirm to be as corréctly the re- mainder as the one you have above given ¢ and what indifferent person would not consider-my affirmation as of equal weight with yours, till you have demonstrated that to obtain the ¢rue remainder it is absolutely necessary that the subtrahend should be placed over the first term of the series to be subtracted. The re- mainder in your second example might be varied in a similar manner by putting the first term of the second line uncer the second, third, fourth, term, &c, of the first line; but you would not then obtain for a remainder a series which would be constituted of a repetition of your infinitesimal 1—2-+1; unless, therefore, you can demonstrate that-the true remainder can only be obtained by that particular position in which you have thought proper to place the subtra- hend and series to be subtracted, your fundamental proposition is, to use your own language, false, and the superstruc- ture which you have raised upon it in- stantly falls to the ground; or I should rather have said the temple erected by Wallis and Newton, which you have in | vain attempted to demolish, still stands firm, unshaken, and immutable, upon the eternal and adamantine rock of science and truth, In your corollaries to this proposition, you are pleased to assert that the expres. sions 1—1, 1—2-+4+1, &c. are “ nenher quantities, nor’ nothings ;” that they are not quantities I am ready to allow, as numbers are rather the measures or re- presentatives of quantities, than quanti- ues themselves: but that they are noé nothing I deny, and I will defy you to prove that they are something. The in- genious Bishop Berkeley very shrewdly asked, * Whether evanescent incre- ments might not be called the ghosts of departed quantities:” what then, may L ask, shall your non-quantities be called, which are something yet neither quantity nor nothing 2 Surely these can only be the shadows of the ghosts of departed nothings ! Your second proposition is thus enun- ciated: ‘* There cannot-be a greater number of terms in any infinite series 1 5 Dhtge than gling with its placid flood, steal silently “© Along the mazes of the quiet vale.” As you approach the entrance into Pats terdale, the road winds sometimes close to the bases of the mountains, at others, passing through rows of thick, umbra- geous trees, at length reaches the clean, comfortable inn, at the mouth of that sequestered vale, where, it being our ins tention to remain a day or two, we pros cured apartments, and, after partaking of anexcellent dinner, we strolled around the environs; from a rock behind the inn, enjoying one of the finest views imaginable, of the scenery which had recently affurded us some cause for ad= miration; Gowbarrow, forming the back-ground of the picture, Place Fell the boundary on the right, and a chain of lofty mountains that upon the left, This is a delightful scene, and we beheld : 8 a ty 322 Means for preventing thé Diséases of Poultry. [May 1s it in full perfection, as the rays of the setting sun glistened on a part of the ex- pause of water, and threw a soft dnd glowing shade on every feature of the landscape. As the shades of evening began to obscure the distant objects from our sight, we quitted our rocky station, and sought the banks of Gold- rill-beck, a stream issuing from Patter- dale, where there are several pleasing spots, rural, simple, and interesting. Having now conducted you to the ex- tremity of Ullswater, I shall take my leave of that truly beautiful lake, regret- ting I do not possess the charming de- scriptive powers of a Radcliffe, to convey to you amore just idea of its thousand lovely charms; if it were possible for language to convey an adequate idea of the richness and variety of its banks, the woods, the rocks, the pyramidal clifis, and mountainous precipices, which, min- gled with rural spots, ornament and encrease the beauty of the most charm- ing of scenes. In length, Ullswater is about nine miles, and not more than two and an half at the widest. It abounds in char, eels, and trout, of the richest flavour. Report informed me, they are caught to the immense. weight of twenty-five or thirty pounds; but, having seen none but of an ordinary size, I dare not affirm the assertion. And now farewel. In my next ‘you shall have an account of an alpine excursion we had planned, and which actually took place on the succeeding day. Pray let me hear from you soon, and believe me sincerely, Tne WANDERER. To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR, OUR correspondent L, in the Number of your Magazine for December last, page 403, furnishes some useful and interesting information re- specting the diseases incident to poultry, and the treatment proper for their cure; acquired, apparently, by much expe- rience in the breeding’ of poultry, and equal care and ability in referring those diseases to their real cause. But the trouble, care, and ditliculty, necessary to their cure, are, as your correspondent justly insinuates, so great as to render the means of preventing the occurrence of those diseases far more desirable to be known, than the means by which they can be cured. I shail therefore, through the medium of your Magazine, proposea method of prevention, suggested by a \ perusal of L’s communication; and to that end, I shall avail myself of a remark it contains. He says, that “in dry, sandy, and calcareous, districts, they khow little of disease among their poul- try.” Then might not a poultry-yard be so constructed, as to combine all the ad- vantages of such a soil, by laying upon it a stratum of sand, gravel, lime; or other dry earth, of a sufficient thickness; and by raising it in the centre, and letting it slope off to the sides, so as to resemble, in shape, a mirror? By the latter means, the rain would flow off to the extremities of the yard; and the little hill, thus created, would always be dry. The boundary of the yard might be placed a little way within the rise of the ground, so as to exclude, from the part occupied by the poultry, the level which the water, flowing from the centre, would naturally find: and it might be adviseable to cut a small trench, or ditch, round the exe tremity of the yard, (outside of the boundary fence,) in order to carry off the water coming from the raised ground. As the winds which blow from the north and east are in this climate the most severe, and the most likely to give cold to the young chickens, shelter and pro- tection from their effects are objects of consequence, and might be effected by building the poultry houses on the north and east sides of the yard. March 10; 1811. HH. .. For the Monthly Magazine. CRITICAL REMARKS ON SHAKESPEAREs Kine Joun.—J4ct 1. Scene 1. 3 So hence! Be thou the trumpet of our wraths And sullen presage of your own decay. -s Y the epithet sudlen,’ says Drs Johnson, ‘‘ which cannot be ap- plied to a trumpet, it is plain that the poet’s imagination had suggested a new idea, as if he had said, ‘ Be a trumpet to alarm; be a bird of prey to croak out the prognostic of your own ruin.’ But Mr. Malone sees not why the epithet suilen may not be applied to a trumpet with as much propriety as to a bell, And, in Henry JV. part 2, we read, ‘sounds ever after like a sullen bell.” The epi- thet, however, as applied to a bell, is eminently happy. Milton has adopted it with grand effect in bis Il Penseroso. Oft on a plat of rising ground, 1 hear the far-off curfew sound, Over some wide-watered shore, * Swinging slow with sullen roar. But the sound of the trumpet is sprightly and 1811.] and animated. ‘ Farewel, the neighing steed and the shrill trump,” says Othello. And I apprehend that the allusion is not to a bird of prey, but to a passing bell, and that decay in this, as in other pas- sages, bears a sense equivalent to disso- lution. Thus in Act iv. Scene the last -of this drama, we read that, vast confusion waits, As doth a raven on a sick-fallen beast, ‘The imminent decay of wrested pomp. Lewis, stand fast; the devil tempts thee here, In likeness of a new untrimmed bride. Act III. Scene 1. The word “ untrimmed,” Mr. Steevens tells us, means “ undressed,” in proof of which he adduces several superfluous examples, shewing that ‘‘ trimmed” sig- nifies ‘ drest,” or rather perhaps gaily dressed,—** Trimm’d like a younker prancing to his love,” &c. But he offers no instance in which uwntrimmed is used for undressed. On the contrary, the quotations of Mr. Tollet sufficiently evince that “ untrimmed” means simply unadorned.—“ Sad, pale, and untrim- med, &c.”” I am of opinion with Theo- bald, that we should read, “ and’ trim- med,” that is, accomplished or adurned by art and nature. —— If the midnight bell, Did with his iron tongue and brazen mouth Sound ¢a unto the drowsy race of night. , Ibid, Scene 3. Dr. Warburton, with that happiness which marks many of his emendations, for on reads onz. Mr, Steevens, how- ever, has a long note to justify the absur- dity of the old blundering text. This we are accustomed to, and it might be borne ; hut it exceeds the common limits of pati- ence, when we see the first note followed by a second, assigning his reasons for doubting and finally rejecting his own explanation, When may we hope for that. great desideratum, an edition of Shakespeare, combining in one-felicitous assemblage, the perspicacity of Warbur- ton, the elaborate research of Steevens, and the dignified energy of Johnson; and at the same time exempt from the extra- vagance of the first, the critical imbecility of the second, and the deficiency of the last in the language and literature of the age of Elizabeth?. Few readers of Shakespeare will fail to recollect that the ghost in Hamlet makes its appearance, ** the bell then beating one.” . In the same noble speech from which the passage we are now criticising was faken, the old copy has; “Then in s Movi Pern Critical Remarks on Shakespeare. 323 despite of brooded watchful day,” &c. This nonsense Mr. Pope, with true poe- tical feeling, had altered to “ broad-eyed watchful day.” But Mr. Steevens tells us, “‘ that this emendation, however ele= gant, is unnecessary, for that all animals while brooded, that is, with a brood of young ones under their protection, are remarkably vigilant.” The comment must be acknowledged worthy of the text, To speak candidly, however, Shakespeare is unquestionably indebted more or less to all his annotators; but it is surely high time that the golden ore of their criticisms should be separated from the dross. Ricnarp II, Mr. Pope has justly remarked “ that the rhyming couplets in this play are so much inferior to the composition in ge- neral, as to appear of a ditferent hand.” It is now fully ascertained that chere existed an old drama on the same subject, which is referred to both by Camden and Lord Bacon ; and these rhyming pase sages, with divers other passages nof in rhyme, but which are equally distinguish- able, were in all probability burrowed from that antient historic play. As,for instance, the garden scene at the close of the 3d Act, the greater part of the resignation scene In the 4th Act, and almost the whole of the 5th Act. The long and tedious soliloquy of Richard in his prison of Pomfret castle, in particular, exhibits no trace of Shakespeare’s pen. And the only two scenes in this act which appear to me entirely genuine, are those very short, but very excellent, ones; in the first of which York describes to his dutchess the entrance of Richard and Bolingbroke into the metropolis; and in the last, which passes at Windsor, the new king complains of the conduct of his son the prince of Wales, whose chia- racter is sketched with great force and felicity. Ricuarp Il.—-ct IT. Scene 3. Seek you to seize and gripe into your hands The royalties and rights of banished Here= ford? Is not Gaunt dead and doth not Hereford live? Take Hereford’s rights away and take from time His charters and his customary dues; Let not ‘o-morrow then ensue to day. Be not thyself, for how are thou a king But by fair sequence and succession ? Jt is apparent from this speech that York kuew nothing of “the right diyine of 1 kings ‘ . S04 ; ‘ ings to govern wrong.” For he founds the prerogative of the crown and the rights of the subject on the same basis, “fair sequence and succession.” The proud boast of the infatuated monarch himself, indeed, in asubsequent scene, is, WNotall the water in the rough rude sea, ~ @an wash the balm from an anointed king; The breath of worldly men cannot depose ‘The deputy elected by the Lord.— And this at a period when, to use the words of Scroop, The very beadsmen learnt to bend their bows Of double-fatal yew against his state. «“ Here,” says Dr. Johnson, somewhat triumphantly, “ we have the doctrine ‘of indefeasible right expressed in the stron~ gest terms.” True, and the venerable bishop of Carlisle makes use of the same arguments in his speech against the de- position of Richard, which furnishes, in Dr. Johnson’s opinion, another proof of Shakespeare’s “‘ elevated notions of tie right of kings.” But Shakespeare, care- ful only to adhere to the truth of history aiid the preservation of character, might possibly hold the bishop’s arguments in as much contempt as the Earl of Nor- thumberland, who disdainfully replies €¢ Well have you argued, sir, and for your pains, h Of capital treason we arrest you here.” But ere the crown he looks for live in peace, 'Ten thousand bloody crowns of mothers” sons, Shall ill become the flower of England’s face. Act IIT. Scene 3. . Mr. Theobald thinks we ought to read, «the floor of England’s face.” And Sir Thomas Hanmer, “the flowery England’s face.” Dr. Warburton, not without reason, rejects with contempt these effurts at emendation, and asserts ‘‘ that the flower of England’s face is a fine and noble expression to denote her choicest youth.” But, as the learned annotator has not deigned to explain to’us how the words will bear this construction, I should prefer, and with deference pro-_ pose, reading *‘ the flower of England’s race.” ; Henry IV. . Part T= Ace I. Scene t. Wo more the thirsty entrance of this soil Shall damp her lips with her own children’s blood, Wo more shall trenching war channel her fields, Nor bruise her flow’rets with the armed : hoofs Of hestile paces. Critical Remarks on Shakespeare. [May 1, This passage has been the subject of much critical contention. Dr. Warbur= ton proposes trempe’ for damp. Dr. Johnson entrails, and. Mr. Steevens entrants, for entrance. The thirsty en= trance of the soil, apparently means the dry or parched surface of the ground, which the king declargs shall no more be’ damped or moistened with the blood of her children, or the natives of the land slaughtered in civil contest. The per- sonification is somewhat. harsh but not unpoetical. Ibid, Scene 2.—** There’s neither ho= nesty, manhood, nor good fellowship, in thee, nor thou cam’st not of the blood royal, if thou darest not cry Stand for ten shillings.” The coins formerly most in use were the mark, 3s. 4d. the noble, 6s. 8d. and the angel or royal, 10 shillings. ‘To the latter of these Falstaff alludes. Queen Elizabeth, it is said, once attending cha- pel service, the preacher in an affected, strain of admiration, exclaimed, “ My angel queen!” And soon afterwards, my noble queen! Upon which the queen turning to one of her courtiers, whis< pered, “What am I ten groats worse than I was?” : : Act V. Scene 3.—“If Percy be alive T'll pierce him. If he do come in my way so—if he do not, if I come in his, wile lingly let him make a carbonado of me,” The declaration of Falstaff respecting Percy, is merely a humorous boast in« tended for the prince’s hearing. The re- maining part of the speech is spoken as a soliloquy after the prince’s departure. HenrvlyV. Part Ul.—2Act. I. Scene 1. Even so my limbs Weakened with grief, being now enrag’d with grief, Are thrice themselves. ; thou nice crutch 5 A scaly gauntlet new with joints of steel, Must glove this hand, Hence. therefore, Mr. Malone does not like this grief upon grief, and proposes to read weakened with age or pain, “ because the crutch was used to aid the infirmity of limbs weakened by age or distemper, and not by grief.” And he observes that, when a word is repeated without propriety, in the same or in the succeeding lines, thera is great reason tosuspect some corruption* fram the negligence of the transcriber. This remark, however just, is not applis cable to the passage in question, which bears the genuine stamp of Shakespeare, The word “ grief” is used ambiguously, and meags first affliction arising from disease, 181}. disease, and next affliction arising from misfortune. Then happy low lie down, Uneasy liesa head that wears a crown. Act III. Scene 1. The singularly happy and beautiful emen- dation of Dr. Warburton in this place of “low lie down,” to ‘* lowly clown,” is rejected by Mr. Steevens, as almost every other improvement of the confess- edly corrupt text of Shakespeare, for the sake of an unintelligible explanation of nonsense. An acquaintance with black letter lore, and “ all such reading as was never read,” is not.the only requisite in a commentator of this poet, O heaven! that one might read the book of fate, And see the revolution of the times, How chances mock! O! if this were seen, The happiest youth, viewing his progress through, What perils past, what crosses to ensue, Would shut the book and sit him down and die. Ibid, Ib. Dr. Johnson remarks a difficulty in the line, “ What perils past, what crosses to ensue,” because it seems to make past perils equally terrible with ensuing cros- ses. The idea of the poet seems to have been that of a youth opening the book of fate in the midst, and casting his eye ‘backward as well as forward, no portion of the events there recorded being ante- rior to the moment of consultation. This is the English not the Turkish court, Not Amurath an Amurath succeeds, But Harry, Harry. «dct V. Scene 1. It may be remarked, that at the accession of Henry V. A.D. 14153, there had been no instance of an Amurath succeeding to ‘an Amurath inthe Turkish court. Theo- bald has pointed out another chronolo- gical error, relating to the Turkish his- tory in the last act of Henry V. where the king talks of “ going to Coustantinople to take the Grand Turk by the beard,” many years before that imperial city, to the disgrace of Christendom, fell a prey to the attacks of the most odious and fero- cious of barbarians. Ibid, Scene ult.—« Stand here by me, master Robert Shallow, I will make the king do you grace, &c.” : he celebrated ‘‘ Essay on the Cha- racter of Sir John Falstaff,” has demon- strated, thatthe popular idea of Falstaff asa constitutional coward, like Parolles or Pistol, Bessus or Bobadil, is a very mistaken one: though he is designedly placed in situations which render hitn Monracy Mas. No. 212, Critical Remarks on Shakespeare. $25 able to ludicrous imputations; and he even makes no scruple, at least on one occasion, to abandon the point of honour, and ona pressing emergency to owe his safety to “a fetch of wit.” Those who are of opinion that it was intended by Shakespeare, to exhibit him as a poltron, must explain away the following facts, among many others, which militate against that hypothesis. 1. Even in the disgraceful affair of Gad’s-hill, Falstaff does not retreat till he is abandoned by his dastardly com, panions; and after having maintained the contest singly for some time, against his two youthful and vigorous assailants, the Prince and Poins. His subsequent ace count of this business is humorous ex- aggeration, mere rodomantade, not in- tended for serious belief: though the un- expected detection of his wild and whims sical fictions deprives him totally of the advantage of a grave defence. 2. When the formidable rebellion, headed by Percy and Douglas, broke out, and forces were levied for its sup- pression, the prince procures for Falstaff, a charge of foot.” Would he have ‘done this in a moment of imminent danger, for a base and notorious ré- creant? 3. Falstaff hastens his march to the place of rendezvous, where he is told by the earl of Westmoreland, “ that the king looks for them all.” -He is found among the number of those who surround the king’s person, when Worcester de- livers his messaye. He is addressed, in common with other distinguished leaders of the royal army, by the king, and takes his station in pursuance of the royal command. He was engaged, as it ap- pears, in the heat and thickest tumult of the battle, where the greater part of his soldiers were slaughtered: and at length he encounters Douglas in person, In this unequal conflict, he had recourse to a stratagem totally incompatible indeed with that high sense of honour, which ought to characterise a soldier, but per- fectly consonant to the humour, the hilarity, the eccentricity of the fat knight, who, after “ the deeds in arms which he had done that day,” would, on so extra- “ordinary an emergency, be certain to meet with the indulgence, perhaps even the applause, of the world. ; 4. His great enemy, the lord chief justice, allows, “ that his day's service at Shrewsbury has gilded over his night’s exploit at Gad’s-hill.” And, after mene tioning the intelligence he had received, 2T thag 326 that Sir John Falstaff was going with lord Johu of Lancaster, against the earl of Northumberland, he prays Heaven to bless his expedition,” without noticing as untrue, orreprehensible, Falstaff’s boast, “that not a dangerous action can peep out its head, but he is thrust upon it. Tf you will needs say I am an old man, you should give me rest,” he exclaims with some colour of reason. 5. It appears that sir John Falstaff was originally page to Thomas Mowbray, duke of Norfolk, and that he was dis- tinguished in his early youth for spirit and courage; that he had the flattering honour of being noticed by John of Gaunt and had risen through many mi- litary gradations to his present com- mand. ' 6. He is represented as ready to en- counter Sir John Coleville of the Dale, “a famous rebel,” in single combat. “ Do you yield, Sir, (says he) or shall I sweat for your” To which Coleville re- plies, “I think you are Sir John Falstaff, and in that thought yield me:” thus ex- plicitly acknowledging his high military reputation, Sir Jotin Falstaff is indeed severely blamed by prince John of Lan- caster, ‘ who does not love him,” for the tardiness occasioned by his unseason- able visit at, master Shallow’s; but he engages, though with an ill grace, to make a favourable representation of his subsequent services, “a better report of him,” to use the prince’s own words, at court than he deserved.” To which Falstaff replies with spirit, “ I would you had the wit; ’twere better than your dukedom.” ‘That Shakespeare, in his delineation of a character so difficult to pourtray, so extraordinary, so original, should have deviated in certain points, and to a cer- tain degree, from the unity and integrity of his design, may perhaps be allowed. ‘The colouring is in some places a little too high; but, taking it as a whole, the execution is as masterly as the con- ception was felicitous; and Sir John Falstaff will ever remain the most ex- guisite and delightful of dramatic cre- ations. a" ; To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR, ) WNHE Act of Parliament for the abo- lition of the slave-trade having passed very nearly four years, it may well be expected that considerable be- nefit should have arisen from it, both in Africa and the West India islands. 4 Abolition of Slacery—Improvements of [May 15 That some has been felt in Africa, there is good reason to believe, but whether any has, to the unhappy victims of avarice in the Islands, is to ne unknown. I was one, (among many, I imagine,) who had great hopes that the Act would not only tree Africa in a considerable degree, froin one of the greatest evils which afflict mankind; but that the slaves already in the West Indies would find their bondage less severe than formerly. Whether this is the case or not, I must wish to be ins formed by some one who has lately vi- sited those parts. The abolition of the trade was only a part (and a very cone siderable one) of the object which the friends of justice atid humanity should have had in view, and which no doubt many had; the other is the abolition of slavery itself—the preventing one human being from selling another. When-we are told, that as soon as 2 man sets his foot in England, he is free, how inconsistent does it sound to hear that the British legislature cannot in- terfere with the government of the Islands, so as to abolish slavery there! If thousands-of pounds are annually spent there, of money raised by taxes here, for the protection of the colonies, is it not reasonable to conclude that our par- liament should have a right to legislate, so far as to protect the inhabitants from cruelty and oppression? A statement of what is generally. reckoned to be the connection of the colonies with this country, might be interesting to many of your readers, and be of use to those who are concerned in the welfare of the negroes. It is certainly somewhat re- markable, that out of the numerous writers on the subject of the slave-trade and slavery, some years ago, few, if any, have oflate taken up the pen to vindicate the rights of the oppressed Africans in the Islands. If the abolition of the trade has made any alteration in the conduct of the slave-holders, communications on this subject will much oblige, } _. AConsrant READER. * March 11, 1811. To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. Site | Big surprising that in an age, in which so much attention has been paid to Aldus, Caxton, and their vene- rable fraternity, the great alteration, in- deed, the total revolution, that has taken place in typography during the last twenty years, should have been so little commented upon by our modern Ameses. Conceiving 1811.) Conceiving that a few obsefvations upon the present state of the ** Ars omnium artium conservatrix,” may not be unin- teresting to your readers, I am induced to request your insertion of my remarks, most of which I think must Have pre- sented themselves to every person who is in the habit of perusing modern publica. tions, and those of former times. , ' The old printing types are distin- guished by acharacter of rude symmetry. Though they have no pretensions to ele- gance of shape, they have a roundness and uniformity that are not unpleasing. Every reader must be aware that the most extensive works published before the last twenty years, were printed al- most invariably upon the same type, and have a general appearance of harmony and respectability. At present it is-sel- dom that the volumes of a large work correspond; they are frequently printed ‘at different offices, with different types, some of which are bold and some thin, some new and some worn out, in one volume long fs are probably used, and in ‘the next omitted ; which irfegularity pro- duces an effect disgusting to the eye of taste and disgraceful to modern typo- graphy. ae Yet it cannot be denied that we have the means of great improvement upon ‘our ancestors, The shape of types is carried nearly to perfection, and some of ‘the works that have issued from the presses of Bensley, Bulmer, and Whit- tingham, are of unparalleled beauty. I shall first endeavour to point out the reason of our defects, and then suggest a remedy. Ja the first place, although some of the present types are extremely elegant, others are in a most barbarous taste. In some we observe the greatest beauty of shape, ip others proportion and symmetry are totally neglected. Some make a clear and delicate impression, others a mere blotch. T do not mean to condemn the bold or the thin style of types, both are good when properly applied, aud both are sus- ceptible of beauty; but I assert, that the type proper for a hand-bill, is not the best for abook, In our modern publications, ‘the bold and the thin, the eleyant and the barbarous, are blended not only in the same work, but frequently in the same page. ‘The remedy [ shall propose is simple and easy. If an author or publisher be desirous of sending into the world an elegant work, and of taking advantage of ‘the improvements that have certainly Typography —Etymological Discussions. 309 been made in modern typography, he should carefully select his type, and-have the whole of his work printed upon the same. If he prefer the bold letter, the thin should not be permitted to mingle with it; if the thin, the bold should be excluded, and the ill-shaped of either kind should be rejected. I am_per- suaded a little attention to these obser- vations, would effectually remove that patch-work kind of printing which dis~ graces our press, and that, by a careful and judicious selection of types, British typography might attain a much higher degree of excellence. M. London, March 6th, 1811. ' —= To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR, RELAND has been said, by a learned theologian, to imply, the Land of the Moon: its inhabitants may therefore be rendered Lunatics. In like manner, Herculea, Heraclea, or Herculaneum, (for all these mean the same) has been stated to come from Hercules, and to mean the universal light, or the sun: the inhabitants then of Herculaneum, must have been the Illuminati. But so many contrary opinions have been of- fered on this word, by authors mentioned in the Herculanensia; and so many dif- fering criticisms have issued from monthly and quarterly publications, on the sub- ject of the grand luminary of the world; that we are become sun-blind; and no more light can we now perceive from these learned lucubrations, than we had before any entrance was made into this ence famous old city. That it comes from Hercules, is an opinion most ge- nerally believed; and I think too, that this is as certain as that from king Lud came London. When we have formed an opinion, we wish quietly to enjoy it; and in Etymological Roniance, it is a sin to doubt. But Er, Ir, or Ire, in Erin, or Freland; and Er, or Her, in Ercolana, or Herculaneum, are not so different in signification as above judged; and Ire- land may imply the Border, or Utmost Land. There are several promontories, which have the name Heraclea, Heracleum, Herculeum, or Herculis Promontorium. A point of land runs into the ocean, formerly named, Artavia, or the Sea- head or Point: it is now Hartland, or the Head or Point Land. These names represent to our minds, the portion of land to which they refer; although they are supposed to be derived from Her- cules $28 ecules. Many individuals of this nation are also called Hartland, whose names were derived from this and like lands; and we can scarcely suppose that any men convey such representations to the mind, as Headlands ; or that these Head- lands were named originally from them. We have, moreover, persons of the names of Hill, Rivers, Ford, &c.; bit we do not even dream that these men represent to our minds, Hills, Rivers, and Fords; or that these parts of nature were not named before these men, or their ancestors of these names, first ex- isted; and therefore we do not suppose, that Hills, Rivers, and Fords, received their names originally from them. Let us transfer this reasoning to the Headlands of Italy and other places, and we shall nut find the wisdom of the ancients, in attributing their names to heroes. But I will briefly shew some causes of our errors, in mistaking one thing for another. There are, it is said, several hills in Wales of the name of Esgir; and Mr. Lloyd supposes, as Esgir is Welsh for aleg, that they took their names from it. There are also in this principality, two little streams, which are known by the names of Cock and Hen; and the inhabitants around believe them so named from our fowls of these names. Now the hills, named Esgir, were formerly written, Aisgear ; and this comes from Ais, an hill, and gear, short or steep; these hills, there- fore, mean the sharp. or steep hills: Cock and Hen, for water, come from Ock, er Oicke, and An varied to in, Och, re- ceived the prefix c, as it does in the names of many other places and streams. ‘Thus, An water, takes this prefix in Can, alake. An, is also varied to En; the E was always aspirated in pronunciation, and hence En became Hen. The word Promontory, seems to have been attached to many names by the ancients, and so continued by the mo. derns, froin not understanding the ori- ginal-appellations. Should the reader doubt of the ungkilfulness of the ancients, in the etymologies of old names of “places, he may consult their writers. From what [ have before written in your Magazine, it is certain, that at a very early age, our old names of places were first given: that they were also in some centuries after chiefly forgatten, is equally certain from the writings of the ancients, That places gave names originally. to heroes and men, may easily be proved ; and yet the Greeks, Romans, and other a Derwwations of Ireland, Herculaneum, Ke. [May I, nations, supposed, that these heroes and men, gave names tw headlands, towns, provinces, kingdoms, and, in fine, to every part of nature. In Jike manner, the moderns have de- rived Warwick from King Gwaur; York, from King Ebrauc; Carlisle, from King Luil; Colchester, from King Coel; and Cantabrigia, from King Canteber. Hart~ ford bas been considered as indisputably derived from the Harts; Buckingham, from the Bucks ; and Ely, from the Eels. The Ordovites, have been rendered The Honourable Vices; the Selgovie, Plun- derers; and the Gudeni, Robbers and Thieves. By tracing old names of streams from adjectives, instead of sub- stantives, we have our Black Water, our White Water, Brown Water, Green Water, Red Water, and our Blue Water Streams, The common way of naming hills, authors have asserted, was drawn from the several:parts of the human body; we have therefore some called, Bald Pates, some named Skulls, some Fore- heads, Sides of Faces, Eyelids, and Eyes; some again, Mouths; some Necks, Arms, Breasts, Bellies, Buttotks, Hips, Legs, and Feet. Thus travelling metapho- rically, from head to foot, we have all these inapplicable terms... Much more | information on these matters might we give, but weanust return to Herculaneum, Shropshire has an hill called £rcol, there is also Child’s Ercol, and High Ercol, all derived, without the assistance of Hercules. The same as to Ercolafa, or Herculaneum, it was originally seated on an eminence, on the border of Mount Vesuvius, and upon the sea-coast, be- tween two rivers. It was defended by.a citadel, built on a kind of natural mole, or neck of land, which advanced con- siderably into the sea. The word Er, or Her, might therefore imply Point, or Border : Cul, or Col, the head; and Lan, the land: and the whole word,. the Point, or Border-Head-Land; .and this exactly described the old settlement. I have thus shewn that Hartland Point took not its name from men named Hartland. That the names, hills, rivers, fords, -&c. were not derived from individuals of these names. The name Esgir, for Hill, 1 have proved, means notaleg; and Cock and Hen, for Water, imply not fowls. Ihave gone further, and shewn that Hercules gave not deno- minations to Head-lands, which took their names before his existence. More sull may I recite, that Ireland, asa part of this globe, is not Land of the Moon 3 ; and 181). Defects of the Church Government of the Quakers. > 399 end that Herculeum, Heraclea, Hera- cleum, Herculaneum, &c. head-lands of Italy, will not be found in the sun, moon, nor stars. A, B. EE To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR SHALL be obliged, if you will have H the goodness to enquire, by means of your extensively circulated Magazine, the mode used by Mr. Nicholson, the artist, of laving or erasing the strong lights in water-coloured drawings. An early attention to this will much oblige, An AMATEUR. Exeter, March 16, 1811. P.S. If Ido not mistake, Mr. Nicholson had a premium awarded him by the Society ef Arts for this discovery, and of course the ‘receipt is no secret. a For the Monthly Magazine. On the DEFEcTS in the CHURCH GOVERN- MENT of the QUAKERS. ‘9 HAVE read with much pleasure the two letters of your correspondent, “* Common Sense,” on the self-anni- chilating spirit of ‘close corporations. Every public body, or religious society, gn which the superior officers, or rulers, ‘are elected by the rulers themselves, -without the choice of the majority of the ‘members at Jarge, might ‘derive much ‘benefit, if they would read these letters at every general meeting, or public din- ner, as a part of the regular service of ‘the day. The poet Akenside was much im- ‘pressed with the pernicious effects of the ‘self-elective system of the magistracy in ‘Holland; on his return from Leyden, he vadverts to itin the following lines: ** Ye too, the slow-eyed fathers of the land, “With whom dominion steals from hand to hand, Unown’d, undignified, by public choice, &c.”” The selfish torpor of the Dutch cha- -racter, which contributed to the debase- ment and the destruction of their state, may fairly be attributed to the self- elective system of their government. The pages of your Magazine have never been stained with illiberal abuse of any corporate body, or religious society ; but public bodies and sects, like individuals, - have “their easily besetting sins,” and -he who endeavours to point them out, _and to trace the causes which have led to them, and the means by which they ‘may be remoyed, is a real friend to the best interests of those societies; éven if be may sometimes have to disclose un- pleasant truths, The members of the religious society, called Quakers, though in many respects highly commendable, are generally considered as being more strongly influenced by a desire of gain, and more attentive to their own per- sonal interests, than those of any other society, except the Jews. They are also supposed to possess, what in religious language is called, a “ narrow spirit,” in Judging of other societies; and if they do not prohibit, they certainly look with a jealous eye on science and literature, and on such of their members as are sus- pected of having a hankering after ‘““hnman learning,” or what they call * the flesh-pots in Egypt,” Many of the best informed members of the society are ready to admit, that such are the “easily besetting sins of their community.” It would not, be dife ficult to trace the cause of these defects to their true source. They arise from - an imperfection in their form of church government, which produces the moral and intellectual poverty of close corpos rations, so well described by your cor- respondent ‘Common Sense.” It is erroneously believed, that the Quaker- form of church government is purely re- presentative, and that the deputies elected from the smaller districts, to'their quarterly meetings, and frum the latter to their general annual assembly, ‘held in. London, transact all the business of the society, and decide by a majority of voices. But the really-effective part of their government is exercised by the members of the ** Select Meetings.” The business of these meetings is transacted secretly ; the members ‘are elected by themselves, without any interference of the society at’ large; they are called, ‘‘ Elders.” The acknowledged preachers are also members. Their appointment continues for life, unless some notorious inconsistency should require their expul- sion. It is the highest honour which the society can bestow. The degree of sanctity and authority which this appointment is supposed to confer, the awful mystery and secrecy of their transactions, and the title of Mi- nister, or Elder, which the members are invested with, give to these select meets ings the real government of the society. The common uninitiated members, form- ing the body of the society, kiow less of the particular business transacted jn these secret ‘ $30 Defects of the Church Government of the Quakers: [‘May-t, secret mectings, than the journeymen taylors in London know respecting the discussions in the cabinet council, The business of the “select meetings” is never made the subject of conversation by the members, except amongst them- selves. In public meetings of discipline, to which all members are admitted, I am well informed, questions are not decided by the majority, but, in general, the re- commendation of a few “ weighty friends” members of the select meeting, will silence all opposition. They are, in fact, the’ selfappointed rulers of the society. The motive of preference in the elec- tion of the members of the select mcet- ings, to fill up vacancies, is not known; but must of course vary in some degree, #ccording to the temper and character of the electors. In general, judging from _the choice made, we may infer, that the member must be a weighty fricnd; which.implies, that he must have much solemnity of manner, and an obsequious deference to the opinions of the ministers and elders; he must not have a cape to his coat, his pockets must be inward, and if they be thought weighty too, it is so much the better, It were, however, Injustice to assert, that more regard is had to wealth than vprightness of cha- Yacter, jn the appointment. He must ‘not be known to have committed any gross act of immorality; and he must be ‘vepular in his attendance on meetings of ‘worship on week days. Such are the real rulers and legislators of the society, they are in fact a close corporation or ehapter electing their own members. Every unprejudiced mind, who contem- plates the exclusive spirit of such asystem, will not be surprised to learn that the members’ of this select religious corpo- ration are jealous of their own power, alarmed at a spirit of free inquiry, and hostile to the progress of knowledge. Like the superiors of all other close corporations, they are generally the most ignorant and prejudiced part of their own community. Persons not acquainted with the so- eiety, suppose that the ministers are self- appointed, or have no other call to the office, except a real or imagined call of the Spirit. When a member has, or supposes he has, such a call, he is fora time permitted to obey it ; but he never becomes an acknowledged minister, until he has received a notice from the select meeting, appointing him a member of their body, or signifying their appro- tation of his nynistry. Should he per- sist in preaching, after they have desired him to be-silent, he would be publicly admonished; however desirous ‘the ma- jority’ of the society at large’might be, that he should “ exercise his gift.” , Tt cannot be doubted, that a myste- rious exclusive system, which operates without any known or definite law, has a tendency in every religious society, to destroy openness and sincerity of cha- racter, and substitute a servile obse- quious deference to the members -ex- ercising this undefined priestly authority thus producing at artful, evasive, cunning, habit, in the members at large, It would bea great improvement in the church government of the quakers, if the members of their select meetings, or in other words their elders, or rulers, were chosen every year by ballot in their pub- lic “meetings. for discipline,’ every member of a certain age, and of irres proachable character, having a vote. The effect of such a change would soon be perceptible, it would infuse new life and spirit through the whole; sincerity would take place of formality, and a more direct, mere manly, and generous, tone of feeling, would characterise both the individual. members and the society as a public body. If such a change were to take place, the more enlightened mem- bers would no longer have to deplore in- stances of ignorance and bigotry, which would disgrace the darkest periods of papal superstition, The following cir- cumstance was communicated to me by a highly respectable member of the so- ciety. It occurred whilst he was at the place, and from it we may infer that the American Friends have need of the same reformation in their church government, as the Friends in England, An ap- proved female preacher, and very amia- ble woman, was reading the Scriptures with her husband, who was also a preacher, and both of them members of one of the select meetings in the United States, The part which engaged their attention was the book of Jonah: the hus- band expressed his astonishment at the ‘extraordinary deliverance of the prophet ; when his wife unfortunately said, she had always considered the swallowing of Jonah by the whale, as a figurative ex- pression, implying that he had been thrown into deep distress for his disobe- dience, and afterwards relieved from it by divine appointment. An opinion so reasonable, and so modestly expressed, if it did not excite approbation, might have been expected to escape ae suc : 1811.) Aphorisms relative to Public Currency and Credit. ' 931 such was not the case, the husband whose admiration of the marvellous would probably have been better pleased had Jonah swallowed his deliverer, was so much shocked at his wife’s impiety in doubting the personality of the whale, that he informed the members of the se- lect meeting of her erroneous opinions on this important article of faich ; she was immediately suspected of being tainted with the heresy of Hannah Barnard, she was degraded from her rank as minister, her fair character and peace of mind were wounded, and, if I am rightly in- formed, she narrowly escaped public ex- pulsion from the society, for thus daring to exercise the right of private judgment. ‘The circumstance is of recent date. Were the reformation I have suggested to take place, respect for liberty of con- science and honest independance of mind, would prevent such illiberal per- secutions from disgracing the proceedings of a society, whose genuine doctrines are mild and tolerant. I am well aware that the attempt to sound an alarm in their spiritual Zion, to turn out the Pharisees and money- changers who defile the sanctuary, and thus to reform the church government of the Quakers, will be considered by many of their self-appointed rulers, as an act of daring impiety. They will imme- diately cry out, ‘Our forefathers were directed by the unerring spirit of truth, to adopt the form of~church discipline which we now enjoy, and we have mea- -surably been influenced by the same spi- rit to preserve it to the present day. Shall erring and finite creatures op- pose the dictates of that divine light with which we have been so highly fa- voured as a people?” It may, however, be right for all who have such high pre- tensions, to examine well the foundations on which they rest. George Fox, the founder of the society, laid claim to as plenary an influx of the holy spirit as any of his followers. He informs us in his Journal, that he was one day passing through a field, in which were several old women seated round a fire, when the spirit of the Lord came upon him, and ordered him to go another way, for these ‘women were witches, ‘ Ex pede Her- sulem |” From this we may judge whether the spirit by which he was inspired, was the unerring spirit of truth or no. Some may perhaps be more inclined to believe that the man who supposed himself in- “spired to discover these old women avere “witches, was himself no conjuror. Tt is an invidious task to expose unne- cessarily the weakness of a good but mistaken man (for such I conceive GeorgeFox to have been); but it becomes a sacred duty to detect the errors of in- dividuals when they retard the progress of truth, in any class of our Christian brethren. Amidst all the eccentricities of this extraordinary man, he had one excellent object in view, which was to lead mankind from the superstitious ob- servance of external forms, to the operas tion of religious principle upon the mind, In pursuing this object, however, he fre- quently appears to have mistaken his path and exchanged superstition for en. thusiasm ; and, as an elegant historian has well observed, “the road from enthu- siasm to imposture is short and slippery.” Was it the unerring spirit of truth, by which he professed to be invariably guided, that dictated this account of his miracles? A withered arm immediately healed by his potent command, “ Arise and stretch it forth”; a stone in the blad- der dissolved by the efficacy of his prayer ; a broken neck ‘set straight; and, as El- wood, his revisor, observes, “ many more things did he which would oot be believed in that unbelieving ave.”* After the lapse of one hundred and fifty years, we may presume the present generation is not more credulous than that which wit- nessed with disbelief such astonishing manifestations of supernatural power, These miracles of George Fox will now be considered ‘as proofs of the weakness and presumption of all modern claims to the guidance of an infallible spirit. _ They are more suited to impress the minds of his followers with humility than to en- liven their faith. Verus. Sas For the Monthly Magazine. APHORISMS rclative {o PUBLIC CURRENG¥ and CREDIT. 1. ee the medium by which the exchange of commodities 1s effected, and, being intended’ to pass as the representative of property, it ought to be of intrinsic value, and al- ways worth the property .which it ree presents, ; 2. The stability and intrinsic worth of currency is the foundation of the com- mercial system, and the basis of public confidence in all transactions and cone siderations relative to property. LLL LLL TCC ED, * Vide Fox’s Journal; consult the Index vader the head ¢* Miracles,’ 3. | se 332 Aphorisms relative to Public Currency and Credit. [May i) uF. Gold and silver are among civilized nations the common medium or homo- geneous representative of commodities, 6n account of their beauty, their dura= bility, their susceptibility of being coined, avd their intrinsic and absolute worth, arising from the labour expended in procuring them at the mincs, Paper, or arbitrary currency, as the re- sult of local or national convention, and as the creature of the will of man, is subs ject to the fluctuations of public confi- dence, and liable to the errors and mis- calculations which attend all human com- binations and arrangements. J 5. te The circulation of the precious metals, éffected by exchanging them. for com- modities, is natural and regular, while the circulation of artificial currency is hecessarily forced, unnatural and irre- gular. The one is in its origin the re- presentative of labour, and can only be obtained for property; while a paper, or arbitrary currency, is generally but the Tepresentative of credit, and may be obtained by artifice or intrigue. Capital is the basis of trade and social intercourse, when the currency consists of the precious metals; but credit, ad- dress, and intrigue, stand in the place of capital, when the national currency can be created, extended, and issued, at pleasure. 7. - The nominal and relative value of all property will be in proportion to the amount of the curréncy employed in the circulation of that property; and this can only find its true level when the cur- rency itself, in all the stages of its circu- lation, is the special representative of transferred property. Increase the amount of the cufrency, and_all.com- modities will rise in nominal ¢alue; or thake it bear unequally on particular Kinds of property, and they will attain & factitious or unnatural price. . é. The novel mode of putting artificial currency into circulation, by discounting bills cr promissory totes, is objectionable and pernicious, because such bills and notes essentially represent nothing but the credit of the parties, may. be created at pleasure, and are often likely to re- present no real transaction of which come modities are the basis. ‘about three millions, a hoard ,of eight 9. - Such ‘novel modé of issuing the na- tional currency in exchange for notes and bills, affords an undue and dange- tous influence to spéculators, middle- men, and monopolists, who, to enhancé their gains, wili not hesitate to increasé their acceptances and indorsements, as the means of raising an indefinite capital, and thereby of indefinitely extending their speculations. 10. The security of the public against spe- culators being the natural limits of their capital, it is evident, that if, under a system of paper currency, they are ena- bled to raise unbounded capitals by creating and discoanting bills and notes, they/will be enabled to accumulate in- definite stocks; and being under no obligation to sell for want of currency, the prices of such property can haye no limit besides the conscience and the prudence of the speculators. ' 11. The hydra of monopoly will therefore have as many heads as there are manu- factories, or fountains, of paper currency ; a colossal head, representing the me- tropolitan manufactory, and five hundred other heads, generated by the small manufactories which spread over all parts of the empire, serve as the con- venient and necessary engines of mo- nopolists and speculators. ‘ 12. As long as the paper currency is simply and solely the representative of specie, and can therefore be exchanged for specie at pleasure, no preference will exist in the public mind in fayour of specie; but, as soon as the re-conver- sion hecomes matter of difficulty, a pre- ference will be universally felt; and, asan affair of self-security, every one will hoard specie to guard his family against | the possible contingencies of a vague pa- | per currency. sah sa 138. From this feeling arises the’ present scarcity of specie; the usual quantity having been about twenty-five million and the number of families, or inhabite houses, in the united kingdom, bein pounds to a house will account for its total disappearance, without referring to the temptations afforded to foreign traders, to speculating exporters, to subs sidies to foreign powers, and to humerous mal-practices of Jews and money dealers. ae 1 1811] Reply to Mr. Hawes, on the Doctrine of Probabilities. 338 14, As long as the cause exists which led to the preference of specie over paper, and to the system of hoarding, specie will continue scarce, and will be likely to rise in nominal value, relatively to bank notes and paper currency: but as soon a3 paper can be converted on de- mand into specie, the preference in fa- vour of specie will cease, the hozrds will be opened, and specie will becuine as plentiful as heretofore. 15. The power of Jews and money- dealers to speculate in the specie, and affect its value, will always be in propor- tion to the quantity in circulation; and their controu! would cease, if the grounds of the hoarding system were removed, and the Bank paid their notes in specie, when the amount of the specie in cir- culation would of course exceed the compass of their capitals. 16. The Bank of Engiand being the ful- érum on which are balanced the fortunes of the country, it appears to be expe- dient, at this crisis, to place it under the - vigilant controul of a committee of Par- liament; and the private property of the directors and of the Bank Company, or the pledge of parliament, ought to be committed to the public as a security for the notes of the company now in circu. Tation. 17. Tn like manner, Country Bankers, who issue paper currency, ought to be called upon to give landed security for the amount of their issues ; and these-com- panies, as well as the company of the Bank of England, ought to pay a half- rate of interest to the revenue, for the sums which, ‘by the issue of paper cur- rency, they now borrow of the public without interest. 1 18. The ‘alternative to prevent greater, _ perhaps irremediable evils, is to dissolve the existing spell by paying specie on nd for bank notes. The conse- restoration of public confidence occasion specie to re-appear in ntities too great to be affected by the ations of speculators. Paper and would be again at par. The mo- hoard would be destroyed; alarms e dissipated; and public prospe- uld stand once more on a solid permanent basis. Common, Sense. . - Chelsea, April 12, 1811. nrHLy Mag, No, 212, To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine, SIR, F the doctrine of probabilities, as ge- nerally admitted, were a matter of mere speculation, and of no practical utility, f should not trouble you with any observations upon Mr. Nathaniel Hawes’s attack thereon, in your last number, because the doctrine he attempts to es- tablish, appears to me to carry its own tefutation with it; but as the future provision of thousands, as well as the valuution of very extensive property, de= pend much upon a right knowledge of the subject, it is important that your numerous readers (many of whom may be unaccustomed to considerations of this description) should not be induced to suppose, that all which has hitherto been done in this way, has been founded in error; nor that it was reserved for Mr. Hawes to convict such men as Halley, De Moivre, Price, Simpson, Dodson, or Morgan, or Baily, of ignorance on a subject, which, till now, they had the reputation of treating with great ability. On this account, and for this reason only, am [ induced to request your permission to state the simple principles, which are the foundation of the generally received doctrine. The probability of any event taking place, is the ratio of the chances for its happening to all the chances for its both happening and failing. Thus the pro- bability, that in throwing a halfpenny a head shall fall upwards, is the ratio of the chance for its happening, to the chances for its both happening and fail- ing, that is in the ratio of 1 to 2, and is therefore properly expressed by the frace tion 3, unity in all cases denoting cer- tainty, and therefore the sum of the probabilities of any event both bappen- ing and failing, will always be equal to unity ; again, the chance of throwing a particular number with a common die, 1s likewise the ratio of the chance for its happening, to the chances for its both happening and failing; now as there ig but one way in which this can happen, and five ways in whieh it may fail, it will be in the ratio of 1 to 1-445 or 6, and is properly expressed by the fraction %, and if my receiving 1]. depended upon this contingency, the value of my chance would evidently be one sixth part of a pound, or 1l. % by the fraction 4, and forthe same reason if there are, ac- cording to Parcieux’s Table of Observa, tions, 814 persons living at the age of 20, | 2U and. 334 Reply to Mr. Hawes, on the Doctrine of Probabilities. [May V5 and only 581 at the age of 50, the pro- bability of a person aged 20 living 30 years, or attaining the age of 50, Is the ratio of the number living at this age, to this number and to the number who have died since the ave of 20; that is im the ratio of 581 to 5814235, or $14, and is therefore properly expressed by the a ames an! fraction ——~, and for the same reason 614 the probability that-a person aged 40 shall live 30 years, is, by the same table, found to be ==, but the probability 69 both these persons shall live 50 years, is the product of the two probabilities or ? a8 the age of 95 to be years, of a ate 3+)''' 264802 taining the same age FCW baad but , 1 that the probability all these persons shall continue for the term of 55 years, is 33,6807 55,0000” as necessarily resulting from the doctrine, subscribed by the mathematical faithful, enrolled in their court of chancery.” Now the absurdity which Mr. H. so tri- usnphantly exultsin, recoils upon himself, for in the table which he makes use of, none of the persons attain a greater age than 94 years, yet he makes the proba= bility that all these lives shall continue 55 years (that is, that.one of them shall attain an age greater by a yearthan any , 33,6807 Ko in the table) to be one he whilst instead of the nonentity 0000, the result by the usual method, however it may excite his ridicule, docs’ most truly represent the probability, or rather denotes that no such probability can exist. ° T can only reply to Mr. H.’s statement of “ the probability of a person aged 15 continuing 10 years, beipg equal to a period of nine years, and the fraction 5857,” by saying that the expression ap pears to me to be altogether destitute of meaning. - * - B. Hooke. Eagle Office, April 6,.1811.-- For 1811] For the Monthly Magazine. JOURNAL of a recent VOYAGE tO CADIZ. HAVE heard a Spanish proverb, which significantly says of Cadiz, that it is “the heaven for women, the purgatory for men, and a hell for asses.” “There is a sort of galiantry in the first part, which is not perhaps altogether in- applicable to the ladies: and with every partiality towards the fair sex on the other side the water, I confess that, fora time at least, 1 am apt in this instance to say that here is ‘‘the human face divine.” The Spaniards do, however, admire the beautiful complexion of our fair countrywomen, ** Whose every beauty, every grace, As shines the lily, Oras the ruse amid the mo-ning dew, Fresh- from Ausora’s hand, more sweetly glows.” And it was but the other evening a -genuleman in company, whose name was Flores, met an HKnglish lady just come ‘from Malta, he admired her, for she'was handsome, and pleasantly remarked to me that, althouch there were many flowers by name in Spain, yet the English had the finest flowers by nature. I will endeavour to give youa descrip- tion of the Spanish ladies: they are for the most part not so tall as the English, slender in their form until they are about tweuty-five or thirty years of age; they walk remarkably upright and gracefully, displaying at the same time a delicately small foot. In their manners they are very polite, agreeable, and chearful, without that caint of reserve which some. times reduces conversation to thoughtful silence. They are foud of music and singing, and the English piano forte is in every family of - fashion. A young lady was ‘playing to me one morning some of their national airs and songs, but did not accompany the mistrument with her voice. On asking her to sing, she pleasantly replied,‘ Yo no puedo cantar, pero puedo encantar,” “*I cannot sing, bat | can enchant.” I think they are fond of pun- ning; but as you do. not know much of the Janguage, you will lose the expression of this, which I cannot well translate in its oy spirit. The ladies and females of every de- serhition dress in black when they appear ‘abroad; and a stranger on his first arri- wal, would be apt to conclude that the whole-city was in mourning; there is a couvenience in this arising from their res ligious ceremony of prostrating them. ° Journal of a recent Voyage to Cadiz. (335 selves to the host, if it passes while they are in the streets, as I have before de- scribed to you; did they wear the trans- parent robe of our fair ones, you may hence guess how sovun its colour would he changed. On other occasions, such as going to the theatre and on visits, they dress much as in England, but pernaps with a little more decorum. They wear no hats or bonnets in the open air, but laced veils or a’small piece of black casimir, called a mantilla, deco- rated with lace or velvet, which they nc= gligently throw over the head and shoul- ders; but this part of their dress is not intended to hide the face; on the con- trary the graceful manner in which they continually dispose i it, ser¢es to heighten their charms. The fan isalso a universal appendage to a lady’s dress, she scarcely ever seen without it when in a promenade or in the drawing room; in this warm climate it is rather indispen= sable fur its utility, and it serves also as a graceful assistant to their expressive action in conversation. Dr. Johnson would not have been pleased with the * attitudinising” of the Spaniards when they talk, Lady W—— is here assimilating her~ self with Spanish fashion, she has adopted the dress of the ladies, which is considered as a mark of respect; but in the playful use o/ the fan, she o: .fesses her deficiency; she has translate.’ Addi- son’s description of the application of it by the ladies of different ayes and incli+ nations, which the Spanish Belles exem- plify and allow to becorrect. You wauld hardly have supposed that the spectator was in Cadiz, but as I have it at hand, [ will quote the passage which gives you the words of command, and [ will refer vou to the 102d paper of the work for the full explanation of them, “¢ Handle your fans, Unfurl your fans, Discharge your fans, Ground your fans, Recover your tansy Flutter yopr fans,” All these parts of tlre exercise a lady told me were severally correct, and she went through her part in the various uses of it, from youth to age, as perfectly as if Addison had been the drilltserjeant. When a young lady walks unaccomipas nied by her friends; she is attended by an old female domestic, called a Duenna, who follows her at a respectful distance, either to mass or for a morning’s prome-~ nade. The father confessor in some ‘ Catboe 336 cases accompanies his female flock, and from the respect paid to the clergy, he is always the best protector, He is consi- dered as one of the family, and at dinner and evening parties partakes of the most familiar attention. There is an unrestrained freedom be- tween the sexes in their association, but without levity or indecorum; and Spanish jealousy, which we have heard so much of, is now known only by name. The ladies and gentlemen select their own companions, either among each other or not; and that mutual confidence, which is the basis of society, seems universally to exist. The ladies marry early, but not so the men; and they verify the saying of John- son, that “celibacy has no pleasures,” and “ a daughter begins to bloom before the mother can be content to fade.” The mode of visiting is less formal than with us; certain rules of ceremony are of course established, but without a cold formality. When you are intro- duced and receive an invitation to repeat the visit, it is to be understood that you will call afterward without requiring a particular repetition of it. A family of fashion has an open night every week, this is called a Tertulla, when their friends. are expected to call and partake of the evening’s entertain- ment, and play a rubber, a game of chess, &c. &c. and as you are not re- quired to remain the whole evening, you may quit the room sans ceremonie, and in this manner partake of the amusement of two or three Tertullas in the course of the evening. The theatre being open every night, and as one only: is in the place, itis usually well attended, more particularly on Sundays; and when it is announced that the Fandango, or Bolero, will be danced. These are national dances adapted to Tustic manners more than to polite education ; for the figures of them, and the dress of the performers, partake so little of delicacy, as scarcely to allow their being adopted in private society in full perfection. - The music is always accompanied by Castaietts, which are two circular pieces of ivory, or cocoa nut, about two inches diameter, fastened or suspended to each thumb witha string, and: pressed smartly against each other by ‘the tops of the fingers, producing a monotonous clatter in time with the music and the beat of the dancer’s foot. The dress of the.men is in general aamuch the same as it was in England fifty a , Journal of a recent Voyage to Cadiz. [May I, years ago; they wear three-cornered hats, their hair powdered and tied im large knots, dangling on the shoulder, laced rufiles, large buckles, a full suit of velvet clothes; and those who belong to the public offices are often gaudily decked with gold and silver, embroidered lace, with a sword by their side. © From the button hole is suspended the Cross of the Order of the Golden Fleece, which is very prevalent; and as the Spaniard 1s proud of any distinction, we see an end- less variety of badges, or ribbons of merit, worn by them. The cloak, or capota, is an indispensable articie of dress, a menial servant will scarcely stir abroad without it. Tt is worn in summer and in winter; first to keep off the scorching rays of the sun, if a large umbrella does not answer Suiliciently, and then to keep off the piercing air of the winter dews and fogs. This article is usually trimmed with coloured velvet, which is shewn by dexterously throwing one corner of it over the left shoulder, so as to hang down on the back while the fold wraps round the chin, and the face is barely seen be- tween this and their dirty whiskers and mustachio, still more obscured by the fumes of the segar. Some young men who have visited En- gland, or France, begin to adopt the more modern dress of those countries; the round hat in particular, and the pan- taloon and half boots are introduced, and many receive their clothes ready made from a London taylor. But there is still a deficiency in the taste of wearing them, and the greatest incongruity and mixture of colors between the coat and waistcoat and breeches. A light drab coat bedi+ zened with lace, is perhaps worn on a black velvet waistcoat and blue breeches. The cloak is, however, a convenient arucle of dress, though it is getting much into disuse; it often serves to conceal a bad coat, as well as aa unexpected in» strument of death, and is made to answer the purpose of a shield by wrapping it round the arm in the attack with a sword, The salutation of bowing, and the ce- remony of shaking hands among men, is more common than in England; the lat- ter is not permitted by the ladies but in particular or familiar cases, and one need always have the hand to the hat and wear only one glove; but the ¢ fraternal hug* seems to be the excess of compliment when two friends meet on the oceasion of returning from absence, taking leave, &c. ‘This isa ceremony which English- men 1811.] men would rather dispense with than adopt, if I may speak for myself and for mavy who are just come here. An occasional disgust arises when | see two men clasping each other in. their arms, / whether it be in the street or in the draw- ing room; and the very porters adopt this custom, addressing each other, as do the highest ranks, by the tile of Setior. The great commerce of Cadiz em- ploys, or rather did employ, several hun- -dred. of these porters; their life reaily seems tobea “ purgatory.” If they work they are like slaves, if they are unem- ployed they are so poor as to be nearly starved. We now see them stretched in the streets all day long basking in the sun, or sleeping amid rags and filth. [ think that [ have told you in a former let- ter, that they are called Gallegues: they aie generally very civil, and as they are chiefly born on the mountains of Gallicia, from whence they take their name, they are a robust and hardy race; one may judge of their strength by seeing haifa dozen of them with a butt of wine sus- pended on poles resting on their shoul- ders, trotting barefooted in apparent €ase over the stones. I understand that it is not the disposi- tion of the Spaniards to travel much, even in their own country. This probably arises in a great measure from the want of accommodatians on the roads, and nothing but urgent necessity, or extreme curiosity in individuals, would lead them from hence to Madrid. The merchants and: families of fashion have, however, their country residence at Chiclana, which is about twenty miles from hence; “it is a small cown pleasantly situated in the midst of a fine part of the country, and the prospect opens into a delighttul -plain adorned with verdure, woods, and fluwers: this spot gives one an idea of the healthy climate of Spain and of its fertile soil; here they have their bella vistas and their promenades, and partake of the comforts of life, removed from the noise and bustle of commerce and the inseparable inconveniences attached to a ‘trading city. The first seven miles is on the Penin- sula, already mentioned, which leads to ‘the town of St. Isla de Leon, where isa beautiful bridge, called Puerto Zuaco, - eounecting it with the continent, and defended by strong fortifications; the tide flows high enough to adinit a seventy- four gun ship, to lie at anchor close to it. A great dependance for the safety of Cadiz, is on the resistance to be made Journal of a recent Voyage to Cadiz. 337 at this bridge, and at the Isla, against the approach of an enemy; but the Spaniards are so much attached to this bridge, on account of its beauty aud antiquity, as it is supposed to have been erected by the Romans, that it is become very ques tionable whether, in case of extremity, this measure should be resorted to. From hence, an excellent road commences, and extends two or three miles across a marsh, which the tide covers at high water, and it communicates with Zuaco, by means of a flying bridge. This road was formed by the Marquis de Solano, and shews, among other instances at Cadiz, that it was his inclination to in- troduce improvements into his country 5 this is a much esteemed one, as it pre- vents passing throush upwards of six miles of wood and thickets, where there is'no regular road. There was found on the coast, about two leagues from Cadiz, a few yeurs agoy a considerable part of a bronze statue, supposed to be the remains of the statue of Hercules. ft is now in the possession of Mr. C———-, a merchant of tins place, and represents Envy, and a torch, with a wolf about two feet in length, lying at her feet; there are also two prints, or marks, where it 1s conjectured the figure of Hercules was fixed. This curiosity was dragged ashore by a fiske eriman, whose anchor hed fastened on ft, The pillars of Hercules, you know, were supposed to have stood somewhere in this‘ neighbourhood ; its situation has been assigned also to Gibraltar and Tariffa, each of those spots having been considered as the ‘ Ne plus Ultra’ of the conunent; but from this discovery it would appear that it is erroneous, In Cadiz, is a modern piece of fine sculpture in marble, erected at the end of one of the public walks, representing Hercules between two lions, from whose mouths used to flow a stream of water, supplied from a reservoir, which is now in decay. At a short distance from this, towards the hospital, is an elegant marble co- lumn, about thirty feet in heiwht, sure mounted with the Virgin Mary, and erected to commemorate the dreadful earthquake that produced the melan- choly distresses at Lisbon, in November, 1755; and which was felt so severely here, as to threaten the overwhelming of the city by the sea. The column is placed on the spot, so far as which the water had swept all before it; and it was expected at the time, that if the rocks running “333 running out to St. Sebastian’s Castle, bad not broken the force of the waves, the whole place would have been de- stroyed. H Thad intended sending to you a draw- ing of this column, as well as of some others; but 1 am told,.that I might cause an unpleasant suspicion at this moment, if I were to be scen using a pencily.at least without having permission from some person in authority. A little farther on is a fine. gravel beach, of some extent, which is fie- guented as a bathing-place in the sum- mer season; but here are no machines, as in England, for the accommodation of the bathers. Jt is the custom for the men to bathe in the day-time, and for the ladies at night. They go attended by their servants, and carry their dresses and their carpets to spread on the sand; a guard of soldiers being placed at a sufficient distance to prevent insuiting curiosity from disturbing them, while “ they taste the lucid coolness of the flood.” I have to-day been at the Exchange. You will say that [ ought perhaps to at- tend it every day; but the truth is, this place is not resorted to as is our loyal Exchange; it serves chiefly for the re- sidence of notaries, and for a depository ef certain public documents. There are a number of rooms assigned to the different departments of commerce, and one in which every broker belonging to Cadiz has a box with his name on it, to receive any notice it may be wished to communicate to him. ; The area is about sixty feet. surrounded by a narrow portico, where are maps, advertisements, &c. and the price current of the week; this document is furnished at any time by a clerk, who fills up a _printed list of the articles, for which he is paid about three-pence. The arrival and sailing of vessels is alsu to be as- certained here at almost every hour of the day; asa signal tower is erected on an emmence in the middle of the city, commanding upwards of forty miles at sea, and is attended by persons who are always on the look out, and communi- cating with the coast. The persons at this tower print a list three times a-day, of the arrival and departure of every ship, specifying their cargoes, and the “merchant who receives the consignment; they likewise note the weather, the wind, the age of the moon, the height of the tides, and other remarks that may be eccasionally necessary to commerce, Journal of a recent Voyage to Cadiz. [May 1, There are a few portraits in some of the rooms of the Exchange; among them wre Cortes, the discoverer of Mexico; and Philip of Spain, who was inarvied to our - Queen Mary. iy The merchants, dispensing now with the Exchange, assemble to talk of bu- siness, or of polities, in the Plaza de San Antonio, which is an elegant large square, paved with marble, and having two rows of handsome white marble seats around it, interspersed with orange- trees, which are now in blossom, and bearing also their ripened fruit. This square is the usual promenade for all ranks, previous to the dinner hour, and exhibits a scene of much gaiety and confusion aud misery;—for here also come the beggars, in crowds, who are at every moment surrounding us with the utmost impertinence ; for if one endeavours not to listen to them, they are sure to remind him of their presence by a tap on the arin, or a twitch of the elbow. They are now very numerous, since the plague, the war and the famine, that bave. for these.six years past visited this devoted country, and added to the natural dis- tresses of the poor, This 1s a part of society that will unavoidably be found in every part of the world; and when it is considered, the state makes no provision for them here, and that the tendency of their religious governors-rather depresses than encouraves their physical exeruions, it is not much to be wondered at that mendicity is so prevalent. Uneducated and disregarded {rom their birth, they seem only to be known as human beings, who have an existence which their country does not value; and who, on their sick bed, are deprived of what solace they might derive from their religious persuasion, if they should not have pur- chased in the course of the year the Pope’s bull, which grants an indulgence for them to be attended by the clergy, and without such purchase they could not command their attendance, as they otherwise would, 7 ‘Yo a city like this, which depends for its prosperity on the flourishing state of commerce in time of peace, a war must bring incalculable evils; and as it ap- pears that there are only two. classes of citizens, the very rich and the very poor, you may easily imagine the sufferings of the people when trade is at a stand. There is of course a sort of iniddle rank, such as the shopkeepers, but they are not numerous ; one half of these in Cadiz, is composed of foreigners, from all nee tions 1811.) tions, and they very visibly denote and confirm the indolent disposition of the Spaniard. “Tt is not unusual to see the beggars extended in the street, in the agonies of death; they surround the churches, the convents, and the coffee-houses; in fine, wherever you go, they are to be met with iu the most disgusting appearances of starvation, clothing, aud misery. With- out caution in walking, and turning the corners of streets, they are liable to be tradden on by the passenger, by day and at night; so numerous are they. Here is also a horde of gipseys, they have their abode in adistant part of the place, and possess the usual qualifications for plundering and murdering, as do their community in other countries. There is a strange custom here of exposing a murderer, previous to his execution. I saw one morning, two men led through the streets, bound upon asses, with their backs naked, attended by a vast crowd of people; they were, at certain places, flogged with a lash, especially when they came to the dwellizg where they had perpetrated a murder a few days before: the punishment of hanging was to be inflicted in the course of the same week, and perhaps two more horrid looking wretches could scarcely be seen. Some of the beggars attract notice by playing the bagpipe, which is similar to the Scotch instrument, and whose “ in- flated pipe, with swinish drone,” is often accompanied by a crazy violin: others sell newspapers and placards; but they often contrive to dispose of the account of a victory, &c. which has happened long since. The news-boys in London are no better; I recollect their selling gazettes, Containing the aceount of Nel- sou’s battle at Copenhagen, at the time that Lord Gambier ‘succeeded in his attack on that place, by practising their cheat, under the title of the “ Gazette Extraordinary for the victory at Co- penhagen.” uv Ea To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. ‘SIR, “YN answer to a Correspondent in & your lass Number, who says, he is at a loss to conjecture why Dr. Knox attributes these beautiful verses -# Qualis per nemorum nigra silentia, gc.” to Dr. Jortin, when they are to be found in one of the editions of Vinceut Bourne's Poemutiu, I beg leave tu assure him that Dr, Jortin humself gave them ' 9 Effects of the Scarcity of Silver Coin. 359 to the writer of this letter, as his own, at the Vicarage-house, in Kensington, Dr. Jortin published them himself, as his own, in three fine quarto editions of the Lusus Poetici; the third of which printed by William Bowyer, and dated 1748, this moment lies before me. Dr. Hawkesworth translated them into En- glish verse, as from Dr. Jortin; and they are known to all scholars who had the happiness of being acquainted with Dr. Jortin to be his composition. Add to this abundant proof, that they are not inserted in any of the earlier editions of Vincent Bourne’s Poematia. The fifth edition of Bourne is now in my hands, dated 1764, and they are nos to be found there. There was a subse- quent edition of Bourne, in a larger size, published by some booksellers, who probably, deceived by their editor, in- serted among other pieces this. poem, copied, and perhaps a little altered, te facilitate deception, from the Lusus Poetici of Dr. Jortin. April 10, 1811. Suum Cureus, a To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. ' SIR, HE almost total disappearance of our gold, and the great scarcity of our silver coin, have justly excited, the alarm and apprehension of the people of this country, many of whom, long habituated to receive in exchange for it every article of necessity and luxury, and therefore accustomed to re- gard it, not merely as the circulating mediuin of the country, but as its actual riches, forbode from its disappearance no less than the certain, speedy, and total, ruin of the country. Whether their fears are well or ill grounded, cer= tain it_is that the greatest and most serious inconvenicnce is felt by the’ want of sufficient silver coinave, fur the cominon transactions of trade: almost every individual in the kingdom, whe- ther engaged in business or aot, feels it; and if its scarcity should encrease to a much greatensdegree, all trading intercourse, below the amoung of a pound, will inevitably be wholly stop- ped. . As it is, shopkeepers are frequent= ly obliged to forego the opportunity of selling their goods, by the impossibiluny of giving change to their customers, A short time since, having occasion to go into the city, and wanting some re= freshment, I went into a coffee-house to take some soup. When I ordered it, the waiter asked me if I had sufha cient 340 cient silver to pay for it, adding that as I was a stranger he took the liberty of asking me that question, as he could not give me change for a pound note. It happened that F had no silver, and L.therefore found I cuuld have no soup. i have frequently, when I have wanted io purchase any thing, and have not had sufficient silver, been obliged to go from shop to shop to no purpose, the tradesmen not having change to give: and I dare say many, if not most, of your readers have experienced the same difficulty. But this, though certainly a great inconvenience to the purchaser, and (when frequently occurring) # con- siderable Joss to the tradesman, ‘is small and trifling, compared. with the evils which are likely to be felt when the silver coin of the country shall ¢otally disappear; an event which must ere long take place, if the quantity of it should continue to: decrease as rapidly as it has done of late. When that time arrives, what will be the situation of a working man, who, after having toiled all the weck, receives on the Sa- turday night his wages in a one or two pound note? He goes to the butcher to purchase meat for the family; buys, perhaps, four or five shillings worth, and tenders his note in payment; but the butcher cannot give him change, and he cannot have the meat. He then goes to the baker: there the same thing occurs: having no change, he can have no bread. At the public house, he meets with the same inconvenience from the same cause. What is he to do? He has toiled hard all the week, and though he sees in the shambles, the baker’s shop, and the public house, abundance of meat, bread, and beer, vet he and his family must. starve! Then will the true value of a bank note be known! Then will the folly and madness of those measures, by which cur country has been drained. of its gold and ‘silver coin, be apparent! Phen will the results of our intermina- ble wars, our subsidizing system, and consequent transmutation’ of our gold and silver into paper, be obvious! Taking the proportion of the working classes, in relation to the rest of the community, as ten is to fifteen, (and it must undoubtedly be much greater) and the population of the country at fifteen millions, there will then be ten millions of people in this kingdom absolutely starving in the midst of plenty, though in the possession of money, if it would Sketch of a Picturesque Tour in England. tr May I, pass, amply sufficient to supply their wants! But can it be expected that they will tamely submit to starvation under such circumstances? God forbid that the occurrence of the event should ever put their submission to the test :— if it should, the horrors of arevolution must inevitably attend upon it. Such, then, are the evils which this germ of anarchy and national ruin seems likely to produce; its branches already ramify through every town, and into every shop in the kingdom ; and, unless its further growth be speedily and effectually stopped, it will soon be- come so deeply rooted as to be incapa- ble of eradication, even by the most skilful hand. How important then: to the state is the application of a sufli- cient remedy to this growing evil! And how.much worthier is it of the serious and immediate atention of parliament, than the inclosure of a common, the making a road, or the recriminations of two. parties who are incessantly contending for places, pensions, and ower, H. April 7th 1811. tae To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR, S the season of travelling is now ad- vancing, and our countrymen are still prevented by the state of hostilities from extending their excursions to the Continent, every means should surely be adopted for facilitating their observations at home. : A Chart Gastronomique has_ lately appeared in France, exhibiting to the traveller, a statement of the delicacies of the table, which may be had:in perfec- tion, in the several towns and villages of that country. “lite As John Bull will be perfectly well contented, if he can procure a good: beef steak any where, I do not-address you with the view of proposing an imitation of this map for gourmands. ‘But since picturesque scenery, and the fine arts, constitute the chief objects of notice with the great majority of your readers, lam anxious to see some Itineraries made out, chiefly professing the furtherance of these two objects. It has been my mis- fortune, and I doubt not that many of your readers, to find that after accom- plishing a tour, some important view or gallery of paintings, has been passed, though lying within a mile of the road, unvisited through want of previous infor- mation. Should it prove agreeable to 2 your <28i1.] Instrument for nicasuring the Filaments of Wool. 34 ‘your readers, I think Iam competent to furnish them, through the medium of your valuablé miscellany, with five Eti- neraiies ; one for the South and West of England,—one for Wales,—one for the ANerthern,—another forthe Eastern,--and another for the Midland Counties ; com- prizing notices of all the most picturesque ‘views, In return, T shall esteem myself in- ebted to ‘any correspondent, who will make out similar circuits, contaimng ac- counts of the different cplilections of pic- tures which lie along the routes. This must be done by some individual well equainted with the country ; as no book oof ‘Travels with which Iam. acquainted, .aifords satisfactory information on the ‘subject. "The publication of a map con- taming such information, and entitled a Picturesque Map, thus including both uljects, would be a most acceptable present to English travellers. Although my own knowledge of col- dections, scattered through the different counties, isnot very extensive, it is suf- ficient to enable me to contribute to- wards the furtherance of the scheme. I ishallin a future communication, if agree» able, transmit the sketches of the routes above alluded to; but in the mean time LT hope that some correspondent will give a more complete list of the galleries of paintings in the country, than 1 feel anyself qualified to present. - ; HA ae: ter vey Viator. 10 the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR, VYXHE Monthly Magazine entertains “@ and instructs us even heres” In the number for August, 1810, No. 969, * you describe an instrument for measuring ‘the filaments of wool.” So early as 179 “or 8, ah eye-glaés was applied to a scale “of equal parts, and used in obtaifing “these measures of different sorts,* “which “are published in the Treatise on Engli “Wools, printed for Hardinge about 1802, “The instrument, however, was a yer abst Ss 3 : J e fr ‘R T 5 y 5 Dy Sorts isa technical term among wogls jseaplers. ee - of Morrary Mac. No, 212, - P coarse one, being constructed by my own hands, and, when applied to the finer kinds’ of wool, was by no means correct. In the same year, Meéssrs. Gilbert and Son, of Leadenhall street, made, under my direction, avery excels lent instrument, exactly answering to the one which yeu describe as recently ite vented. It was lost in 1806 out of my counting-house, at Leeds, and perhaps some one wishes to impose vpon the world as a novelty, that which has been obtained by dishonesty. Gilbert’s ins strument enabied me to discover the er- rors of former calculations, and correc- tions would have been made, had the treatise reached a second edition. Dr. Herschell, however, by applying a much higher magnifying powef, has performed the same service to the public, and with far greater precision than I could pos. sibly haye attained. His paper, if I res collect rightly, was. published in the communications tothe Board of Agvis culture, ar. Joun Luccock, Rio De Janeiro, December 30, 1810. To the Editor of the Monthly Magazines SIR, i> a Monthly Magazine for last’ year, you published’ the request of a cor- respondent, who wished to be inforined ofa methed to remove the shining qua- lity of Indian ink, which s6 much des stroys tlie effcet in drawings. The following means'will produce the desired effect :—break the’ ink into # phial with warm water, the “micilave will be so weakened (if ihe water is ih sufficient quantity) as to be no longey capable of suspending the colouring matter, which ‘will be precipitated to the bottom; the colourless ligior ma be poured off, and the remainder is fic for use divested of its shining quality. I have answered one quére, permit me to put another; some of your bota-= nical teaders'may favour it with notice — Are there any methods by which flowers may be dried or preserved, their parts not being injured by the process, which is the case by placing themis books, &é, J. Bennert, eX ~ MEMOIRS [ 342 ] [May t;- MEMOIRS AND REMAINS OF EMINENT PERSONS,» =o MEMOIR of the late JOHN FRANS- HAM, the norwich poLyTHEIsT.. Norwich, March 20,, 1814 WN ORE ‘than a twelvemonth has elapsed since the death of our learned and singular townsman, Mr, John Fransham, Some account ought to be preserved of a life so devoted: to philosophy. The substance of the following me- moir would before now have been offered to the Monthly Magazine, but that the task of a biographic notice seemed most naturally to devolve on those who inherited the manuscripts of the deceased: and the writer has but lately learnt, that no un- welcome usurpation on their piety will be eommitted by his interference. During March 1730, John Fransham, the son of John Fransham, was born at Norwich, in St. George’s parish, of which his father was clerk. For the elements of readmg, writing, and cyphering he was indebted to Mr. Wingfield; and for the rudiments of Jatin, to Mr. Pagan, an antiquary and Anglo. saxon scholar of some eminence. Dr. John Taylor, the theologian, thought well of his early talents, and gave him gratuitous instruction, possibly with a view of suggesting and opening to him the ecclesiastic profession, To this plan Fransham did not lean. At fifteen he was bound apprentice to a eooper at Wymondham ; but in less than two years deserted the employment, moved by an internal conviction, which regarded toil, competence, and igno- rance as refuse, when weighed against leisure, privation, and philosophy, A legacy of twenty-five pounds fell to himat this period. His first project was to buy a poney, which he told Sir Ben. jamin Wrench (a physician, whom his parents consulted about his eccen- tricity), he should not ride, but make a friend of, and lead about wherever it wished to stray and feed. Kindness to animals was one of his-earliest instincts, and was always one of his favourite topics. i His eventual determination, however, was to purchase lessons in mathematics from Mr. Hemingway, a land-surveyor of science. The pupil’s proficiency did honour to his choice, to his capacity, and to his application. The parents ef Fransham had also a daughter, ‘and. could not long afford to maintain this son:im unproductive literary’ pastime. They induced: him to write for Mr. Marshall, an attorney, which he did:for a while with sufficient regularity, and with exemplary neatness: but he was never articled to the profession, nor attached to it. In 1748, Fransham:again broke loose. He was then at an age, when those, who: from principle, or frugality, practise continence, labour under an * inquietude: of temperament,. and are: often assailed. with vehement enthusiasms of the mind, with a disposition to sally forth in quest of adventures. He obeyed the restless impulse, strolled to Yarmouth, and em- barked for North Shields, intending to. walk the tour of the Scotch Highlands, and to know by inspection a people, whose manners he imagined to resemble those of the free nations of antiquity. Arrived at Newcastle, he forthed ae- quaintance with some soldiers belonging to the regiment of Old Butis. He had always spoken of military excellence as the noblest accomplishment of man, and: resolved to attempt this heroic line of life. Ile enlisted ; but, being somewhat bandy. legved, he was not retained in the ser- vice of his country... The gaiety of his new associates had made inroads on his. pecuniary resources, which the bounty of the sovereign was not to replace. Finding iis means unequal to his in- tended stretch of route, he relinquished the investigation of Scotland, turned back towards the south, marching almost incessantly alone, and managed to reach Norwich, with a residue of only three half-pence, and a plaid which he had bought on this excursion. Among. the manuscripts. left behind by Fransham, occurs a syllogistic trea~ tise entitled ‘* Metaphysicorum Ele= menta,” of which the English preface is dated in 1748. The pamphlet is a + pa- redy * That Fransham at a mature age thus explained his own gadding, appears from the thirty-fifth paragraph of his “* Oestrum Or- phicum.” + The ironical character of this string ef propositions will be detected in the following extract. Prop. xvi; Omnis substantia est necessario eterna. Demonstratio. : Omnis substantia (prop, v1.) est absalute asceag 4e11.] rody of Spinoza’s mode of reasoning, and ‘shows that at this period the author’s mind was occupied about the abstruser questions of metaphysical philosophy, and in the demolition of all educational prejudices. The Jatin phraseology of this treatise was originally very incorrect; ‘but has been subsequently amended: some notes in English, and an Epistle ‘against the fear of death, are affixed, ‘in which Clarke and Spinoza are repeatedly quoted, In the year 1750, Fransham was -en- ‘gaged asa private tutor for the young thidren of Mr. Leman, ‘a farmer at ‘Hellesdon’: when his services were no fonger necessary there, he refumed the occupation of writing for attorneys, and for authors. The reverend Samuel Bourne, who came in 1754, to settle at Norwich, occasioually employed him as an amanuensis: an unpublished disser- tation of that rational divine, on the Mosaic Dispensation, ‘which ‘espouses the scheme of ‘the antisupernaturalists, was lately circulated, in Fransham’s hand. writing, and is thought to -be-still ex- ‘tant. Fransham was now acquiring, or ra- ther exercising, a marked distaste against the Christian religion. This was much the fashion of the time. At the court of George ‘the Second, the literature of infidelity was not frowned down: it was thought to diminish.the certainty and the Mecessaria: ergo eternum st (axiom. .v1.) qc. d. sills Coroll. ‘Omnis substantia est immutabilis. Coroll. ex precedentibus. ‘Spatium, vel extensio, est (prop. wirr.} non dependens, (prop. xiv.) unica substan- tia, solum (axiom. wr1r.) absolute necessa- rium, solum (defin. writ.) a se existens, solum (coroll. 1.) non ab alio eftectum, in- finitum (axiom. vi11.) simplex (prop. xv.) immobile (coroll. 11.) eternum (coroll. 111.) immutabile (coroll. prop. xvi.) essentia uni« wersalis (coroll. prop. x1v.), causaque omnium caterorum existentium. — i : ‘Scholium. ' é Definitio. _. @ns non dependens quod etiam causa est emnium ceterorum existentium Deus appel- datur. 5 . Hine sequitur: Spatium esse (prop. viii. et coroll, prop. ziv-) Deum. ‘Porro. , Spatium (prop. x1v-) solum esse Deum, ' Coroll. _ Deus, vel spatium, est solidum, » Memoirs of the late John Fransham. $43 authority of theologians, and thus their asperities and persecutions: it was thought to corroborate the impartiality, discernment, ‘and tolerance of the ma- gistrate. ‘Perhaps it was considered too as inculeating the natural and expedient doctrine of ‘the military and literary classes ; inasmuch as it unlocks the cham= bers of pleasure, banishes the fear of death, bestows frankness and moral courage, strengthens the vigour, and en- farges the dominion of intellect. Reli- gious indifference also favours a cosmo- polite pliancy, or plasticity of character’; which, in ‘colonial ‘emigrants, and in ambitious sectaries, prepares ‘an expe- dient conformity to contiguous opinion, With the calm repose of indifference the activity of Fransham’s mind was not con- tent: he hated, as Porson says of Gib- bon, our religion cordially. Those who knew him, (I am quoting a written -do- cument) observe: “ Christianity and bull-baiting, Christianity and horse- docking,—Christianity and hunting,—in fine, Christianity and * cruelty, were with him inseparable ideas.” In a disposition so prone to compassionate the brute creation, these were expressions of the utmost abhorrence. Among Franshami’s ‘books ‘may be re- marked a-copy of Thomas Chubb’s Post- humous ‘Works, carefully eorrected througkovt with the pen, is if intended fox republication; and ‘fringed with mar-= ‘ginal annotations, which imbitter the Scattered sarcasm, strengthen the bold- ness of the arguments, and shake with sceptical doubts the narrow isthmus of retained creed. In the humble origin and -rank of Chubb, in -his -selftaueht excellence and intellectual clearness, Fransham must ‘have felt a parallelism of condition, which probably instigated this project for editing anew the writings of the glover of Salisbury. ‘* As a metaphysician,” continues’ the manuscript document, on which I rely, ** Fransham was an ardent admirer of Hume, whom he calls the prince of phi- dosophers, and whose dialogue ‘On Na. tural Religion,’ the considered as among the most exquisite aud masterly produces tions of the human mind.” This with the Natural History of Religion, the Sceptic, and the Essay on Miracles, are in fact the only portions of the works of * He would cite, in illustration, the punish ment of sodomy with death, as a crucity pe~ culiar to Christian countries. 314 of Hume, which, in Fransham’s copy, have been accompanied with verbal and. marginal emendation; tha precision is instructive, which these minute criticisms display, Middleton and Shaftesbury were retained in his select, though nar- sow library, but ‘* Hume was the only author among the mederns on the sub- ject of metaphysics, whom he profess- ed to read with perpetual satisfaction. Among the ancients, Plato and Cicero were his favourites, and the arguments of Cotta in “ De Natura Decorum,” al- ways afforded him an intellectual feast.” _ Some patronage was shown to Fran- sham by the Chute family, with whon his sister lived as housekeeper. They allowed him to sleep in their Norwigh- house, and to use their library. One night in bed he imagined that his patron, who was ill at Pickenham, would not live to return to Norwich, and related his ideal terror to the servants. . Young Mr, Chute that night died ; and Fransham lways described this act of divination, as if he were no less favoured than the seers of antiquity. _ After the loss of this patron, Fran- sham hired a garret, in St. Clement's parish, kept a school there, and’ was at. tended by fifteen or twenty scholars. At this time his confinement was close, and his income barely sufficient for wants narrowed to monastic privation. His health suffered; he took rapid solitary walks, in his plaid, during the evening and morning twilight, with a broad hat slouched over his eyes, and his hands be- hind him, and was. supposed often to sleep on Mosswold heath, which was his usual stroll, His choice luricheon was a plum-cake. To drum, and to blow the kn sabe in wet weather, his relaxatis ons; military tunes, his favourite rhyihms, AA head-ache, for which he coveted strong tea as a remedy, induced him, ina ‘want of fuel, to burn this havthoy, which he never replaced. To his drum he sub- stituted a cane-chair, which supplied the exercise without the noise to the neigh- bourhood, and equally excited, by as- sociation, a martial ardor, or military yeminiscences, in his fancy. Sometimes he would play at marbles aloné in his apartment: then, no doubt, mathema- tical truths would cluster in his recollec- tion, and a delight analagaus to that of solving problems, would arise, from ob- serving in his trickling spheres the equa, Jity between the angle of incidence, and ie angle of reflection, Ti 1769 he gave to the press: his ‘ ‘ Memoirs of the late John Franshamy [May 15 *€ Oestram of Orpheus,” the arhasti of his dissertations containing any trace of the * Platonic opinions which he finally professed. Born, like Ammoyius Saccas, of Christian parents, having also rejected the religion of his fathers; and confining his studies almost exclusively to. the an- cient writers, Fransham’s mind, like that of Ammonius, . insensibly filled up the blank, occasioned by the effacement of hereditary notions, with.ideas derived from Greek mythology. Like the Plato. nists .of Alexandsta, he-endeavoured ta give an allegoric turn to the fables of paganism, which might enable him with, out inveracity to speak of them as truths; Such euphemisms abounded in his cons versation.. Having been advised to take chicken-broth for a head-ache; he called it sacrificing a cock to /Esculas plus. He lost for a time, through in- flanmation, the sight of one eye, which recovered on a change of the weather from warm to cold, This ingident, he described as a miracle, said that he had prayed for relief to Juno, (the power presiding over the atmosphere), and that she had given 1t.7 ; : * See paragraph xxxvir, where ah apology is made for cailing Orpheus & man, and hot 4 god. + Thomas Chubb, in his ¢* Author's Farewell,” p. 168; observes: ‘If one infinite intelligence be sufficient to answer all the Pufposes, that are answered throvgh the universe; there can be no: reason for adniit4 ting an infinity of such intelligences ;.seeing there is nothing in nature Which countenances such a supposition,” To which sentence Fransham hag attached this marginal note: ¢ Yes: the infinitély various parts of nature 3 worlds within world of infinite minuteness, worlds beyond worlds of infinite extent, systems indefinitely muls titudinous both microscopic and telescopic; each seeming to require a distinct ,attentive regulating artist.” Apparently Fransham had adopted the opinion of Spinoza, that the first cause ig indeed uncreated and. indestructible, but not intelligent; and is no other than the entire, eternal, finite, mass of matter, of which the universe is composed: but he had not adopted the opinion of Philo and of the Unitarian philosopheys, that the great whole is shapened and aniniated by a single co-~ eternal soul, On the. contrary; Fransham appears to have held, that there were inius merable intelligent-powers, or powerful in- telligences,; which conspired to shape and animate the parts of natare, and that these all-pervading, plastic, and Cesiguing. minds, wight ee. 1g1.} In the year 1770, a stranger undertook to publish, every Tuesday, in Norwich, a_satyrical paper called ‘* Robin Snap,” which was modelled after the ‘Tatler, and sold at one penny. The editor en- gaged Fransham’s assistance, and ob- tained from him several contribuuions; but the work soon expired, of. neglect. Fransham, however, was pleased. with the task, and continued weekly to pro- vide His paper, long after the publication had ceased. There are thirty numbers, with this $uperscription, among, his ma- nuscripts. In 4771 the gai-fly, to use his own ex- pression, stung again, With the little accumulations of his pedagogic industry, Fransham suddenly set off for Londons and established himself near Hyde-Park corner; wishing deliberately to. compare our modern metropolis and what he had read of Athens and of Rome. He award- ed to the cast of its civilization a re- semblance with that of the ancient Alex- andria, - j . A part of his object also was the pub- lication of several manuscripts, which he had prepared in that view.. The principal among them, were: (1) Ihe Life and Institutes of Lyeurgus, digested from Xenophon, Plutarch and others. — {2.) Aristopia, or the Scheme of a Per- fect Government,—(3.) A Synopsis o¢ might most fitly be classed.by means of the nomenclature employed in Greek mytlio- logy. Thus he received a plurality of deities, calling them Pan, Juno, /Bscula- pius, andthe like; but Mis system of poly- theism was peculiar. His opinion concerning the. attributes of these divinities may best be taken from the Manuscript note attached by him to p. 520, of Hume’s Dialogue on Natural Religion, *€ There may, be four hypotheses concern- jng the first causes, or presiding principles, of the uuiverse: 1, That they have per- féct goodness; 2 ‘Tat they have perfect malice; 3. That they are opposite, having both goodness ad malice; 4, That they have neither goodness nor malice. Mixt phzenomena can Hisver prove the two former uomixt principles: and some uniformity, or steadiness of a general course, may seem #o oppose the third. In consequence, the fourth appears most probable.” “Under the tile ** Antiqua Religio,” Fransham leaves a cOllection of solemn hymns,addressed to fupiter, Minerva, Venus, Hercules, and the other deities, ‘These are not transcripts from the analogous compositions of Mr. Thornas Vaylor, but were versified by Vransham himself, in his moments of devout psp wapion, Mentoir of the late-John Franshami 313 Classical Philosophy. These manuscripts, still unpublished, remain among his pa- pers, carefully corrected for the press, and provided with a minute index ; they’ were willingly lent about among the young to encourage a spirit of enquiry. The Lycurgica (such is the first rune ning title) include a philosophic biogra- phy of Lycurgus, in which the laws of. that sage are described and discussed in the historic order of theif presumed origin. His early life is so narrated as to favour the interesting theory, that his friend, the poet Thales, was the real Homer ; the pay name being an epithet resulting from eventual blindness. The Laeonic Institutions are praised with a characteristic, if excessive, sympathy. *€ The Aristopia,” is not a work of history but of fiction. Had Plato flou- rished at Sparta, instead of Athens, and there acquired a love of discipline aud controul ; instead of devising such a plan of republic as to accommodate the lis Centiousness of an Athenian army, he would perhaps have recommended ins stitutions, in wlhtich order was preferred to liberty, and in which a systematic discipline of the mayistrate was extended. over the dress, diet, and domestic con- duct of every citizen. This sort of com- monwealth Fransham. has __ preconised in his Aristopia, All citizens are ém- bodied as a militia; military grades con- fer personal nobility; and a hmited monarch, circumscribed by the aristo- cracy of rank, directs the whole ma- chine, of which the details in some re- spects resemble those in the beautiful German remance of Count Swwiberg, called “ Die Insel.” The “ Philosophical Synopsis” is*ex-_ panded from that English Epistle against the Fear of Death, attached to one of the more jejune and juvenile productions of Fravsham. It is composed with care;. and in amanner which recals the write. ings of Harris; where the argumentative parts are usually written with simplicity, and the perorations with eloguence. A sceptical philosophy, inclining towards the doctrine of the soul’s natural ime - mortality pervades the treatise, which im. breathes contentment and philanthropy. Not succeeding with the booksellers, Fransham attempted private tuition. He was called in by Mr. afterwards Dr, Leeds, who had left the schools insutfi- cicutly prepared for graduation. Through this pupil, Fransham became acquainted with Foote, and other gay livers, and frequented the comic theaue; but had te 346 to pay the penalty of public ridicule; for Foote is said, in Dr. Last and Johnny Macpherson, to have caricatured the pupil and the tutor. ‘This merry society seems to have infused an unfortunate comic turn into the subsequent writings of our philosopher. ‘ In 1772, Fransham returned to Nor- wich, and taught the Coopers, an emi- ment family, then resident at Srooke, On their removal he applied for iiis sti- pend, This, he observed, was the first fetter he had ever written. To the hos- pitality of Counsellor Cooper Mr. Fran- sham was indebted about the year 1780, for long-remembered notice. The occupations of his leisure at this period consisted in the composition of several dialogues, entitled, “ Sccratice ‘Charte Hodierne,”’ wherein the forms of ancient discussion are applied to to- ics frequently modern. ‘These dialogues great of 1. Miracles; 2. Pleasure and Pain; 3. Industry; 4. Government; 5. Plato; 6. Laconic Institutions; 7, Mo- dern Education; 8. Singularity; and, 9. The Changes of Time. Some Ironical Panegyrics, which, by attempting hu- mour in antique furms, may remind the reader of Ben Jonson’s comedies, eke out the ensuing volumes of his lucubrations ; but, like the masks in’Terence, the laboured grin often fails of exciting jaughter. Fransham resided from 1784 to 1794, with Mr. Thomas Robinson, in St. Peter’s Hungate, and kept an evening school. ‘The friendship of Mr. Robison conferred on every subsequent period of Fraisham’s life, the comforts of easy converse, and the services of prudent attention. In 1785, the nephew of Mr. Robinson was attacked with pulmonary consumption. Fransham, who could observe the progressive decline, ventured to prognosticate the death, and guessed with a medical exactness which aftonish- ed. In this instance he again boasted of his divinatory power, comparing in conversation his damon with that of So- crates. This was, perhaps, practical irony, and not done in order to excite a belief of any supernatural intelligence froma his genius ; but rather in order to do away, among his thinking friends, any traditional remnant of superstition, by supplying an instance analogous to what had been superstitiously interpreted, where no such interpretation was pro- bable: yet the wonder of his sister, and ofthe unleained, was a part of the exhi- bition which gratified him. ’ Memoir of the late John Fransham. [May 1, Having borrowed of his pupil, Mr. Saint, Thomas Taylor’s Proclus on Eus clid, he made a mark against a note, where the author justifies a belief in heathen miracles. Being asked the rea- son of this marginal interjection, he noted the inconsistency of giving way to a belief in Pagan miracles, and ‘re- jecting them in the case of Christianity. Marvellous narration he considered as exoteric forms of preserving real facts; and said that Mr. Thomas Taylor showed himself initiated only into the lesser mysteries of Paganism, by putting upor such legends a construction intended for the yulgar alone, About the year 1790, Counsellor’ Frith, now the attorney-general of Upper Canada, refreshed, under Fransham’s care, his classical attainments. At his house the writer of this memoir formed an acquaintance with Fransham, which was not afterwards discontinued. His physiognomy was thought to re- semble the portraits of Erasmus; it had this in common with the busts of Plato— there were two tips to the nose; his countenance was sedate, and expressive of intellect; his complexion dusky; his giey hair hung loose about his shoulders, and gave a picturesque, or antique air to the bust: he woreashort green jacket, drab-coloured breeches, worsted stock- ings, and large shoes ; and seldom, if ever, varied his attire. He did not sacrifice te the Graces; he wasnot evena worshipper ef Nausicaa, if that may be taken for the name ef the nymph who presides over cleanliness. This cynical negligence was an error of Fransham’s philosophy. He would have had more pupils of the higher rank, and would thus, with less labour, have earned a competence, if he had attended duly to personal appear= ance. He would also have been a more welcome and frequent guest in the fa- milies of the polished citizenry. His conversation was interesting by its sine gularity, by its studiously Socratic cha- racter, by its carrying back the imaginae tion to che porticoes of the Serapeum, by its disdain of transient topics, and by its courageous antipathy to prejudice and superstition: vet it depended, latterly at least, rather on remembered, than on immediate resource, and drew from the cistern more than from the well. The democratic character of the French revolution he disliked, not its antichristian character. He blamed the philosophers for not adhering to the no- bility of the country, The laeahitel © & 1811.] he said, would bave known how to make ' performance. a republic without church or king, if such was the idea of a perfect commonwealth formed by their wisest man; but the people could never know how to realize even that which they intended to obtain. Fransham was willingly busied in nu- merical and mathematical computation. He had calculated that the average pay of his pupils was three-pence an hour; and the average income of his life eight shillings a week ; yet with these narrow means, So severe was his frugality, that he progressively bettered his condition. He practised and exacted a punctilious pecuniary probity, and could not bear that the loan of a penny should go un- paid, ** As a mathematician * he was emi- nent rather for the solidity than the ex- tent of his knowledge. His love of ac- €uracy rendered him an enthusiastic ad- mirer of the ancient mathematicians, or, perhaps more properly, his early atten- tion to these writers rendered him accu- rate. He had a higher veneration for Euclid than for Newton, and preferred the Elements of Geometry of the former, to the Principia of the latter. Indeed he never could understand thecelebrated doctine of Fluxions, and bas been heard to pronounce the Analist of bishop Berke- ley, a work written in confutation of that doctrine, to be one of the finest specimens of reasoning among the pro- ductions of the moderns, “ The authors whom he most esteem- ed on mathematics were, Euclid, Apol- lonius, and Archimedes; of the former of these he preferred the editions of Clavius, and Dr. Simson; and of the latter, that of Dr. Barrow, probably be- cause he had never seen the Oxford edi- tion, “ Among the modern writers on these subjects, one only escaped his censure, this was Dr. Hamilton, dean of Armagh, whose treatise on Conic Sections he considered as a truly classical and elegant To this work he has been heard to say, that he devoted two whole * Had the excellent letter, addressed on Fransham’s death to My. Rigby, of Nor- ‘wich, by Mr, William Saint, (late one of the mathematical masters at Woolwich Aca- demy) been made public, the foregoing me- moir would in a great degree have been need- Jess. For the permivsion thence to copy his fearned anid satisfactory appretiation of Fran- " ghaxy’s mathematical aconirements, my grati- Gude will be partakon by your renders, ‘ a , © « Memoir of the late John Fransham. s47 years, and that he derived the most ex- quisite pleasure from its. distinguished aceuracy and simplicity. It is, however, to be regretted that he had never seer the quarto work of Dr. Robertson, of Oxford, on the same subject, as he would there have met with a history of the Conic Sections written in elegant latin, which to a man of his peculiar attain- -™ments would have afforded exquisite de- light. “There is one amid his manuseript volumes, which he seems to have consj-= dered as a complete Manual for the young mathematician. It contains the first principles of algebra, some of the leading properties of numbers, some cu- rious questions relative to the applicas tion of algebra to geometry, a smal} table of square and cube roots, with a great variety of miscellaneous problems. “ Ofalgebra, however, or the analyti¢ art, he entertained a very low opinion, Iie was well satisfied with the grounds and methods of operation employed by algebraists fur the solution of simple and quadratic equations, but the resolution of cubics by Cardan’s rule; by Sir Isaage Newton’s method of divisors, or by the different methods of approximation, he considered only as so many mechanical tricks, or arts of legerdemain, em- ployed by their authors for the purpose of displaying skill in quirks and quibbles to the great detriment of the mathemati- cal sciences.” ‘« It must however be confessed that he carried his veneration for the ancients to an unreasonable pitch; since he could seldom be induced to look at any modern book on mathematics, This prejudice of his is much to be regretted, as he would have found that some of the later writers on these subjects, particularly Huygens, Halley, Keill, and Bonnycastle, not only possess all the elegance of the ancients, but have improved upen their accuracy; the last more especially, who, in the notes affixed to his geometry, has pointed out several inaccuracies inthe reasoning of Euclid in his Elements, : 6° To this admiration, however, of the ancient geometry must be attributed that closeness of reasoning and logical preci- sion, for which Fransham was s0 emj-~ nently distinguished; yet it must be al. lowed that he was thoroughly sceptica', for scarcely a sentence could be uttered in his hearing, or any information com- ‘ ONS 4 ‘ municated ih his presence, without his rejoining, Are you sure that is true? Wiicveon, du you ground your bel f? A mathe: tician BAB mathematician receives nothing without roof.” | A friend of Fransham’s who died in 1796, Mr. Thomas Golf, left orders by will, to have his head separated from his body before interment; some persons ‘whom he knew, having recovered in the - of the signs of .: coffin. The uncertaint death, probably through Mr, Goff’s con- versation, had also left a strong impres- sion on the mind of Fransham. Afraid ‘of being buried alive, he repeatedly de- sired, that his body should be laid before a fire, that wine should be offered to his ‘Tip, and the arm of a woman clasped zbout his neck, before he was given up as irrecoverable. - The sister of Fransham, Mrs. Bennett, who is still living, having become a wi- ‘dow, he went in 1806 to reside with her; but after a stay of nearly three years, removed to the house of a younger female relation, who was able to render him the active services which his infir- mities now required, Conscious of the approach of death, he declined medical aid; and on the dst February, 1810, ‘expired calmly and gently; leaving, be- side his books and several articles of fur- niture, a hoard of ninety-six guineas to his sister, who caused his body to be in- Sterred in the charch-yard of the parish ‘where he was born. ‘The grave-stone, Scarce Tracts, Ke. “cence. . Similar. idjosynerasy. [May 1 which her affection has ¢rected to his memory, is thus inscribed, ‘ M. S. Joannis Fransham, qui plurimis apnis in hac urbe Gracas Latinasque litera’, necnon mathematicam studio explorayit, pra ceptis illustravit. 7 Fransham had merits which are now become rare. Temperate, continent, frugal, just; he wanted, for the displa of virtue, chiefly the power of paper d Leaving his soul to grow ac- cording to its nature; his only moral art -consisted jn so chiselling away the faulas, as to strengthen its inherent likeness to the models of antiquity. Hehought as - he pleased, spoke as he thought, did as he Iiked, and countenanced in others-a lis manners’ had the urbanity of yarious intercourse, and the suavity of a kind heart; unassuming and undaunted, they appealed merely to the man, never to his station. Educated during the sunshine of British freedom, he prolonged traces of its honest inde- pendent charactér, beyond the period of its offuscatign ; and held the reciprocal coercion of modern behaviour to be only worthy af a nation of slaves, , In an age of compliers he chose to be bimself.. He is remembered like a- Greek bust in a.c@le lection of painted wax-work, , ¢ - - Set eee - eee ee eee SCARCE TRACTS, WITH EXTRACTS AND ANALYSES OF — SCARCE BOOKS. . ‘Tt is proposed in future to devote a few Pages of the Monthly Magazine to the Insertion of such'Scurce Tracts as are of an interesting Nature, with the Use . ” é ? of which we may > be fuvoured by our Correspondents ; and under the same Head-te wntroduce also the Analyses of Scurce andCurious Books. —a Extracts from a Sermon called Ahab’s ' Curse. F [Continued from page 249.) ci HE next that'succeeded was King James EI. who began his reign in the year 1684; and this king, though net “altogether so lascivious as the furmer, yet was he a very bigot to the church of “Rome; for no so0uer (as a late author “saitby did he come to the throne, but “mass-houses were-set up, and in all haste *Prosestents must be converted te his faith; and therefore, weekly ‘sermons Were appointed for that purpose; in which discourses, with a bare face they assert, that our English Bibles were ‘stuffed with lies; their Popish catechisms *weie put into our hands to make proso- lytucs: Vather Peters, made privy-couns sellor, to confront the bishops of Can. terbury and London; Magdalen college was filled with Romish pnests, and the sycophant-bishop Parker, forced upon it, crowds of Irish papists called in upen-us, with a standing army, headed with Popish officers, to the great terroryof the .citys the pricsts and Jesuits appear publicly in their religious habits, under- promise of ‘protection; the test, in all haste, must 7 be taken off: “Oats, Dangerfield, and Jobuson, mest barbarously used, and -bundyeds sacrificed inthe west: Prog -testants were put from all employment, both civil and military: illegal prose- cutions, exorbitant bails, and many more oppressions, to the great damage of the subjects: yea, the bishops were sent to the Tower, and the birth of the Pre« tender was must neatly contrived. These things eos * _ — = ad 1811-] things, (saith my author) manifest a ce- lestial blindness and madness, even to the loss of his three kingdoms, maugre all his lives and fortune men. The which agrees well ‘with that observation of the Heathens, quem perdere oult Ju- piter, prits dementat, whom God in- tends to destroy, he first infatuates. Thus was the church and state overrun by popery and arbitrary power, and brought to the very point of destruction ; the sacred fences of our laws, the very constitution of our legislature, were quite ~ Broken through; the which considered, every true Protestant must say, that he did evil in the sight of the Lord. And now comes in the brave king William, a prince of blessed memory indeed, who began his reign in the year 1688, who delivered us from popery, French slavery, and arbitrary govern- ment. Our rights and liberties were by him declared and vindicated; our par- liaments were free, and he ruled according to the laws and constitution of the king- dom. He was hearty in his wars against France and Spain, though betrayed in most of his measures; he was faithful in the observation of that sacred league and covenant between him and his ally. And the Toleration Act he inviolably ‘maintained, according to his royal pro- mise. He was acommon father to all his people, without making distinction, parties, or schismatics of any, and all were equally alike protected under his royal wing, by which he maintained the love of his subjects. He was religious, without being superstitious; his life was abstemious, dding that which was right in the sight of the Lord; reformation of manners prospered well in his days, ‘though the Lord knows since, we are overrun with a flood of immorality and impiety; places, civil, military, and ec- elesiastical, were then supplied with men of sober lives; but now, how is the gold become dim; how is the most fine gold ‘changed? He was a good soldier, and fought our battles; he was. politician, and the wisest of all that had sat upon the British throne; he was a Christian, and a true Protestant, but the crown and glory of all his actions was, that he set- led the succession of his crown in the illustrious house of Ilanoyer, (the in- estimable blessing which we now enjoy) for which, generations to come shall call ‘him blessed, and his memory will be so to the end of time. “ But Ahab did evil in the sight of the Lord. And now perhaps some may won- vi _Montark Maa, No, 212, ~ Scarce Tracts, Kee 849 der that I take no notice of queen Mary and queen Anne. «Thus much I shall say, ifit may please you, that queen Mary was a good woman, a good wife, a good queen, wears an im- mortal crown, and is really uf blessed memory. But as for queen Anne, FE only say, that she died the 1st of Au- gust, that very day that the Schism bill took place; end was buried on that day, commonly called, Black Bartholomew ; the very day on which her uncle turned two thousand godly ministers out of their livings. And there is an end of the race of the Stuarts, 1 say an end of the Stuarts. * And now, though we have lieard of the end of this family, yet perhaps many of us are strangers to the beginning thereof, of which, therefore, for your in* formation, take this short’ account ous of history, the which isas followeth ¢ «* Banchos, a nobleman of Scotland, had a fair lady to his daughter, whom Mack- beth, the king, desires to have the use of: Banchos refuses, and Mackbeth mur= ders him, and takes the lady by force; Fleance, the son of Banchos, feariny the tyrant’s cruelty, flies into Wales, to Grifin ap Lhewellin, the Prince of Wales; Lhewellin entertains him with all hospitable civility: Fleance, to re- quite his courtesy, gets Lhewellin’s daughter with child: Lhewellin murder§ Fleance, and Lhewelliu’s daughter is delivered of a son, named Walter; this son proves a gallant man, and falling out with a noble person in Wales, that called him bastard, Walter slew him, ‘and for his safecuard fled into Scotland, where, in continuation of timé, he gained soe much reputation and favour, that he be- came steward of the whole revenue of . that kingdom, of which office, he and his posterity retained the sirname; and from thence all the kings and nobles in that nation, of that name, had their original. “OF this family, both the Scotch and English Histories give us a very for- midable account, that most of the last of this name and family of the Stewarts came to their ends by violent death: King James I. for his tyranny, was cut off by the nobility: the second was slain at Roxborough, the third at Bonoxborn, the fourth at Flouden-field, the next three in needless quarrels with theit subjects; only James V. had the yood hap to die of a natural death; but as to his only daughter, Queen Mary, mother to King James VI.'of Scotland, and First of England, it is manifestly known, that 2Y she _e6h( Ue 350) she? caused Henry, Lord Darnly,’ her ' second husband, to be cruelly murdered, only to make way for ber third marriage, with Earl Bothwell, her paramour; for she was afterwards called to an account, and by the vote of the Lords and Com- mons, in Parliament, she was adjudged to die: whereupon she fled into England, where, contriving sundry plots with the Papists, and Duke of Norfolk, against Queen Elizabeth, she was at last brought to the block and lost her head. For her son, King James I, of England, the Duke of Buckingham, was charged with his death, by the Commons of England ; and King Charles I. lost his head at his own gates; and the death of King Charles IJ. hath been by some disputed, and I am ready to think that he had no ‘fair play; and as for King James If. he abdicated the kingdom, and se died not among us; but gracious Queen Mary, and Qucen Anne, both of them came to their ends by natural deaths, which concludes the unhappy race and family of the Stewarts. _ But perhaps some say, Isthere nothing worth notice in the late reign, since you seem to pass it by with silence? to which T answer, We have had a glorious peace to make France great, and Great Bri- tain little; and what then? Knaves are advanced, delinquents preferred, leagues are broke, the allies tricked, the kingdom beggared, both church and state divided, debauchery encouraged, and pure re- ligion made a schismatic, the laws per- verted, the toleration violated, the suc- cession disputed, and indefeasible here- ditary. right asserted, in favour of the Pretender ; trades lost, Hanoverians dis- couraged, the bravest general in the world is degraded, the poor Catalonians deserted, and all out of order; the whole head was sick, and the whole heart faint, and so faint that we had the sene tence of death in ourselves, but, in God which raiseth the dead, who delivered us from so great a death, and. doth deliver, in whom we trust that he will deliver us. “Secondly: Then why should princes he concertied, about the character they are like to have, when they shall lie down in the dust? We see the Holy Ghost hath affixed the characters of kings deceased, whether good or bad; the names of kings are never buried with them: for it isthen, when covered with the dust, that they have their truest character, it is dangerous to give a true character of living princes, whetber good or bad; if good (saith one) it carries ; - + AD ese th Scarce Tracts, ec: May a d t segs ee eit with it the appenrancé 6f fulsome flat tery, and princes, by how much ore they deserve, so much the less they ge- nerally desire to be applauded; and, if bad, who dares to speak it out, while princes are armed with power to do usso much good or hurt, accurding as they are pleased or displeased; and by how much the worse they are, by so much the less they can bear to be told on’t; but, when once death hath brought them upon the coniimon level with the rest of mankind, every one will venture to say what le true, though not fit sooner to be said, “Tf princes will sin with Ahab, what better can be expected than Ahab’s cha- racter, that they did evil in the sight of the Lord; who, while they lived, were not desired; and, when dead, are not lamented; this, therefore, should be well weighed and considered, since a good name is valuable, not only before, but after, death; ’tis doing that which is right in the sight of the Lord, which makes their names as “ sweet savour, and bet. ter than precious ointment. Such who carry a good conscience with them, leave a good name behind them. The righteous shall be had in everlasting remembrance, and the memory of the just shall be blessed: though it is immediately ad- ded, but the memory of the wicked shall not; and this we may assuredly expect will be verifyed and made good in the case of the greatest Prince, as well as the meanest peasant. a, “Thirdly: Then blessed is that people that hath such a Prince, of whom it shall be said, he did that which was might in the sight of the Lord; and this, by God’s wonderful providence, is and will be, na doubt, the happy case and condition of Great Britain, since our illustrious George, after our long struggle and incessant prayers, is become our most rightful and gracious sovereign. We have now a great, a wise, a religious, Prince; for the King trusteth in the Lord, and, through the mercy of the Most High, he shall not be moved, Well may the Hanoverians mourn at the'loss ef so great a_ Prince ; but let Britons joy in their salvation: a legacy, indeed, by the brave King Wil- liam, of immortal fame; however by Sachevrell accused. And I doubt not, but this wise administration, shall give full satisfaction to every true Protestant, that he doth that which is right m the sight of the Lord: the king shall joy in their strength, O Lord, and in their sal- vation how greatly shall he rejoice! Thow hast ‘given him his heart's desire, 3 “and 181%] Extracts from the Portfolio of a Man of Letters. | 251 t _and. hast not withholden ‘the request of u3 lips, Selah, , For thou presentest him _with the blessing of goodness, thou set- : : _test a crown of pure gold on_ his head ; » _and, since God hath wrought out his salvation, let us always endeavour to maintain it, that it may be said of oure ‘King, that he did that which was right in the sight of the Lord, and that, *_** By doing ourselves that which is right ‘in the sight of the Lord; for the sins of a people do sometimes provoke God to "leave their King, that he may do evil in ak! the sight of the Lord, as David was !cft to number. Israel for the sins of the people: and, again, the anger of the Lord was kindled against Israel, and he moved David against them to say, Go, number ‘Israel and Judah, “Thus David, though otherwise a good man, was left to fall for the faults of bis people; God was so filled with anger against Israel, as to desert and leave David to himself, so that he yielded to the satanical suggestion, that he might bring dreadful destruction on the people.” Extracts from the Port-folio of a Man of Letters. a IMPERIAT, HERETICS. HE Greek emperor Manuel Com- nenus affirmed, that Mahomet’s god was the true god; for which the bishop of Thessalonica reproached him in bitter. terms, and caused the opinion to be condemned by an especial synod. i ‘PUBLIC SCHOOLS. “Lord Bacon in his advice about the ‘Charterhouse, says, “The great number “of schvols which are in your, highness’s realin doth cause a want, and likewise ‘an overflow. By means thereof they “find want, in the country and towns, both _of servants for husbandry,and apprentices for trade. On the other side, there “being more scholars bred than the state can prefer and employ, and the active part of life not bearing a proportion to the preparative, it falls out that too many pérsons are bred unfit for other vocations, and unprofitable for that in which they are brought up. Thusthe realm is filled with indigent, idle, and wanton, people, which are but the materials of revolu- tion” ” This has always been, and still is, ‘the grand tory argument against promoting “popular instruction: but it deserves notice, that this alarm was sounded at ‘the very commencement of the reign of ‘James the First, which endured nearly a quarter of a century in perfect tranquil- “lity. SABBATICAL PASTIME. © The clergy have always doubted whe- .therthe precept '‘ Keep holy the Sabbath Day” is a command to make holiday by playing, or by abstaining from play. “Some think it ordains joy, and game, and Sport, gaiety, spectacles, and festi- Yity: some think it enjoins fasting, Mourning, penance, silence, meditation, gloom, and austerity, Of the former description of prelates was Aylmer, bishop of London, under _queen Elizabeth, who, upon the green at his country-house in Fulham, used to play bowls on the Sunday with his cleri- cal and other guests.. See Strype’s Life of Aylmer, p. 215 and 294. James I. and Charles I. favoured by their pros clamations this Sunday lularity; and Morer, in bis book on the Name and Notion of the Sabbath, defended learn- edly the practice. Of late years a proclamation, ascribed to the celebrated John, Bowles, has been regularly read in courts of justice, which invites the magistracy to repress the en= joyments of the people: surely, our ans cestors were more rational, who thought that God delights in the happiness of man, : HALE, THE COMEDIST. One remarkable instance of a success- ful acquirement of the idiomatic pecu- liarities of a foreign language, is that of Hale, an Englishman, who composed for the French stage, Le jugement de Midas, VAmant jaloux, and Les Evenemens Imprevus, which last especially “is an ayreeable lyric comedy, and has been permanently succcssful. What'circumstances led to Hale’s ex- patriation, some of your readers can perhaps communicate ; he died at Paris, it is.said, in very necessitous circums stances. . WHITEHEAD, - Among the poems of the Jaureate Whitehead, one of the best is an eexy “written at the convent of ILaut- Villers, in Champagne, and dated in 1744. The descriptive portion has likeness, the an- tiquariay portion loftiness, aiid an,inge- nious moral is well attached in the ful- lowing stanza; Temperance, Temperance, not abstinence, in every bliss, Is man’s true joy,. and therefore Heaven's command 5 “ . The wretch, .who riots, thanks his God amiss 5 Who starves, rejects the bounties of his hand. Whitehead, if not a man of genius, was aman of taste; if he was the flat- terer, he was also the improver of the great; the arts are indebted to him for efficacious commendations; and_ his fabte of the Youth and the Philosopher, is still popular. ON AN IASTY MARRIAGE, Belinda in her Twentieth year Holds solitude stch woe, She’d rather lead a monkey herey ‘Than lead an ape below. ARTHUR COLLIER. Tt is said that many anonymovs, ainphlets exist, in which Arthur Collier thas defended Berkeley's hypothesis, and bas argued well in behalf of idealism. Can any of your readers communicate the titles of such pamphlets, or other particulars of this acute metaphysician ? Professor Eberhard in his Lectures on the History of Philosophy, delivered at Halle, classes Collier with Berkely; yet he has not obtained a nich at home in the Britannic or the Universal Bio- graphy. GOLDEN BULL. The edict given under the golden bull, or great seal, of the Emperor Charles IV. _ oe . War Original Poetry. [May 1, King of Bohemia, &c. begins with a La- tin prayer, which is for this remarkable, that it introduces, as beings of equak reality, the Christian anyl Pagan divinities: such was the pedantic character of the Latin written in the year 1356. Omnipotens eterne Deus, spes unica mundi, Qui czli fabricator ades, qui conditor orbis,” Tu populi memor esto tui, sis mitis ab alto, Prospice, ne gressum faciat, ubi regnat Erine nis, Imperat Alecto, leges dictante Megzra ; Sed potius virtute tui quem diligis hujus Czsaris insignis Caroli, Deus Alme, ministra, Ur valeat, &c. The poem, in like manner, jumbles together Lucifer, Satan, the destruction of Troy, and the war of Pompey and Cesar. EPITAPH OF A NOVELLIST. Accept in rime Oar Jast adieu 5 Once you kill’d time, Then Time kill’d you. SAINTLY SYNONYMS, “ When misfortunes happen to such as dissent from us in matters of religion, we call them judgments ; when to those of our own sect, we call them trials.” — So remarks Shenstone: these forms of expression therefore. must, in his time, have been usual in good company ; now they are confined to the evangelical sects, and would be thought to have a twang of cant. ORIGINAL POETRY. et GRAEME OF EALGOWAN.—A GARLAND. By Mr. JOHN MAYNE. ‘9. ET Ireland exult in her heroes, victorious, ~~ And England extol her great Nelson, so 4 glorious! Where’er, for the valiant, fond bosoms are fw glowing, = The Scots may be proud of their Laird of Balgowan ! From Scotia’s fam’d land, where his forefa- thers flourish’, And still where true valour and genius are -nourish’d, : 'To fight for his country, with zeal overflow- 4 ing, ‘Away ‘to the wars went brave Graeme of *" Balgowan! Abercrombie and Moore, immortal in‘story, His comrades in battle, and partners in glory, Beheld, with delight, while his laurels were ‘growing, 3: The hero and patriot in Graeme of Balgowan! For often at midnight, the camp-cloak his cov’ring, While Spirits, benignant, around him were hov’ring, He stole the repose, which to nature was owing, ; To study their welfare who dwell at Bal gowan! On the heights of Barrosa, arriv’d without slumber, The foe in battalia, ‘and triple nis pac € He fought; and he conquér'd; to France nobly showing ; - How Britons can triumph, led on by Bal- : gowan! Whole legions were routed ; their confidence shaken 5 Guns, banners, and gen’rals, and squadroms, é were taken; And those who escap’d, with a sigh, are bestowing The meed of renown on the troops of Bal- gowan ! In must’ring our force,when the battle is over, Affection bewails some Jost friend or fond lover; But Fame’s golden trumpet shall never cease blowing The names of the heroes who vied with Bal- fowan ! April, 1811. AN HUMBLE PETITION FOR A LOCK OF A YOUNG LADY’s HAIk. YE Sylphs and Sylphids, sportive throng, Who trip the flow’ry lawns among, Or wing the liquid air 5 Ye, who direct the female heart, Exert for me your magic art, O deign'to aid my prayer! - T ask not that seductive mien, n Medicean Venus seen, To fix the raptur’d view ; I seek not titles, wealth, nor fame, ‘One little Lock alone I claim, Of bright Circassian hue. ‘We favourd Sylphs who guard the fairy Deck’d with this Hyacinthian hair, Let me hot sue in vain! For once avert vour watchful eyes, Whilst I, triumphant, seize a prize Kings might be proud to gain. % ‘And shou’d the envious Fates decree, ‘To punish my temerity, ; Like Scylla’s famed of old, Who, for the theft of Nisus’ hair, Was doom’d a bird to flit in air, As Poets oft have told. When I the feather’d form assume, Around the Nymph who caus*d my doom, Be this my task assign’d 5 From every retrospective thought, With unavailing sorrow fraught, To shield her spotless mind. Then oft on dewy pinions borne, Pl call soft blushes from the morn, _ Vo deck th’ unconscious fair; ~ And oft ambrosial sweets exhale, That float upon the boyant gale, To sprinkle o’er her hair, . That hair in which I'll fondly play, ‘And frolic aff the live-long day, Nor envy gods above ; ' Original Poetry. we 353 For what can gods or mortals ask, More than the ever-pleasing task, To watch o’er those they love ? * Exmouth, March, 1811. ——— ON THE REMAINS OF MARY VAN BUTCHELL, wee : Which were preserved in a new and wonderful manner, and worshipped daily by her survivi busband.—Translated ee fey bee. BAKER. HERE tombless, whole, untainted, lies Van Butchell’s dearest wife, A loving husband’s fond delight, And darling of his life. By fell disease, and ling’ring death, Whose body Jong consum’d, Has, in the charming form you see, The bloom of life resum’d. J - Great Hunter’s art, untri’d, improv’d, In vain doth nature strive, Can vile Corruption’s mould’ring hand Of all its power deprive. Oh! happy husband! to enjoy Her converse night and day, And sit beside a tender spouse, Not subject to decay. But what more wonderful appears, To sit beside a wife, That’s swetier, prettier, plumper t20y And juicier than in life! Oh! happy, enviable man, Thy lot how new and strange, To have a woman still the same, Nor liable to change! — TO THE MEMORY oF ELIZABE Tse COUNTESS DOWAGER OF CAVAN. _ By Miss HOLFORD, T° Time’s deep gulph departs another day, But silent Sorrow marks it gliding by, Memory with straining eye-ball tracks its Way, And Friendship notes it with a heart-born sigh ! Why should we weep? In yonder azure skies That Cavan'’s spirit mingles with the blest? No! chace the selfish sorrow from your eyes, And hush the turbid heavings of your breast’! Yet, never Cavan, never soul like thine, Unwept departed on its high careers Nor shall thy spirit quit its mouldering shrine, And iiss its tribute bright, a human tear. Alas! the tear unseen, unheard the strain, > The marnvuring mortal strain, to frailty given! Our weak complaining follows thee in vain, For even Friendship’s cries invade not Heaven! Go 7" i “al B54 Go thou to bliss! Yet, tho’ no smile of thine, The Muse that smile once cherish’d may ; obtain, Fondly she hangs her tribute on thy shrine, She mourns thee, Cavan, tho’ she mourns in vain! Lo! Penury gazes wildly on the bed, . Where even now is laid ber earthly trust, Ask'st thou why lower droops the sutierer’s ; head? “This day was Cavan’s form consign’d to dust! * 4 f Bra) ° Proceedings of Learned Societies. [May 1, Friendship—but Friendship mutely. turns aside, 7 She speaks not, yet the pitying Muse can guess : . That secret the tenacious heart would hide, Of cherisi’d woe’s unsocial bitterness. That thou-werr great, what boots it to reveal? The grave has seiz’d thy transient dignity ; ~That thou wert good, may God’s high sanction seal, And stamp thy rank to all eternity} March 2, 1811. : , ‘ PROCEEDINGS. OF LEARNED SOCIETIES, -REPO RT ofr tHe NATIONAL IN- STITUTE of FRANCE, ror 1810. EW years have heen so fertile as the last, in various and important re- searches, in the different branches of science ; from (he more general divisions of philosophy, to the particular history of the species of the animal, vegetable, or mineral, kingdoms, the labours of the members, and of others which have been submitted to this class, have added new treasures tu the stores of know- ledge. Heat.—The sudden production of heat, man ‘infinite variety of chemical phenomena, although more known than those of light, requires to be determined with yreatér precision. M. Sage has given the result of his researches on the degrees of heat, which concentrated mi- neral acids produce, in combining with metallic oxids, earths, and water. Sul- phuric acid at 67 degrees of theareometer of Beaumé, mixed: with a third part of water gave a temperature of 6O devrees; atric acid of 45 degrees vave 45 degrees ; and muriatic acid of 20 devrees gave, ‘with the same qnantity of water as in the preceding experiments, 22 devrees. The greatest degree of heat obtained with the sulphuric acid, is that which results from a mixture of this acid with calcined bones, which was 160 degrees above zero. In general these experi- mepts jead us to presume, that the heat produced by the combination of bodies Js proportional to their contraction. Tt isto be regretted that M. Sage had not determined the specitic weight of the bodies he cumbined, both before and ‘after the experiment. _ The absolute measure of heat in high degrees of temperature, for which liquid substances can not be enployed, has .always engaged the attention of philu- sophers, ae M. de Morveau, who has been en- gaged in experiments on this subject for several years, Las communicated a con- tinuation of the tables mentioned in our report of 1808. The’ first of these pre- sents the degrees of heat, of fusion, and of evaporation, in different bodies, coirected and arranged with the most approved py= rometrical and thermometrical scales. A second tabie gives the dilation of metals, determined according to the same scales ; in the third he indicates the relation be- tween the éxpansion and fusibility of metals, In the fourth he gives the de- grees of heat indicated by his pyrometer of -platina, and their agreement with that of Wedgwood from observations of fusion in the highest temperatures. Thesé tables are accompanied with de- tails of the processes employed by the author to correct his calculations, which differ essentially from those given by Wedgwood. This difference is chiefly occasioned by an error which that philo- sopher committed in measuring the fu- sibility of silvery and making it the basis of his calgulations.* P Light —The class of natural philoso- phy and chemistry had proposed a prize for the examination of the circumstances and causes which occasion phosphores- cence. M, Dessaignes, principal of the col- lege of Vendome, has continued his ex- periments on these subjects, in order to ascertain the phenomena attending |u- minous appearances; whether spontae neous, by friction or by gentle warnith, * Dr. Davy, in his lectures this year at the Royal Institution, stated, that the pyrometer of Mr. Wedgwood was discovered to be an imperfect measure of Heat. If kept for a long time in a lowertemperature, it contracts as much as when exposed for a shorter time tu a wore intease degree of heat, + and. ISL. | and in every other circumstance differ- ent from that of combustion. This phi- losopher obtained the prize on the same subject the last year; his present re- searches have considerably enlarged the results of his former experiments. He defines phosphorescence to be the ‘ap- pearance of a durable or transient light, unattended with sensible heat, ‘and not followed by any alteration in inorganic ‘bodies. This phosphorescence presents itself under different forms, and like so- lar light is decomposed by the prism. From some bodies it seems to emanate slowly and regularly, in others by scin- tillation. - Its colouris blue, but appears tarnished in those bodies which contain iron; it may, however, be rendered clear, by separating the metal from the bodies which contain it. In general, it has appeared to M. Dessaignes, that those bodies are the most phosphores- cent, that contain in their composition principles which can ‘pass from a state of gas, or liquid, to a solid form.’ All bodies give out light by compression, whether they are fluid, solid, or gaseous. He lias also discovered that points have the saiwne effect on phosphorescence as vpon the electric fluid. M- Dessaignes distinguisties two ‘kinds of phosphores- cence ; the one transient, the other per- manent. Amongst the first we may state, that which takes place when a certain ‘quantity of water combines with quick lime ;, amongst the latter, that of rotten wood, and other organised ‘substances in a state of putrefaction, It appeared ‘important to determine whether the phosphorescence that takes place ih those bodies, which become luminous when their temperature is somewhat increased, is owing to combustion, ‘M. Dessaignes made experiments in at- mosplieric air, in oxygen gas, and in the torricellian’ vacuum, to ascertain this point; but he could perceive no. differ- ence in the intensity of the light under the different circumstances, when the experiments were made on inorganic bodies ; but the light of organic bodies was encreased in oxygen, from which the author concludes that some part of this light in the latter is owing to com- bastion. These Juminous organic bodies more particularly occupied his attention; he made ‘expesiments on fresh water fish, sea fish, and various kinds of wood, The results have proved, that the phos. horescence of cach is a species of com- ustion, in which water and carbonic Proceedings of Learned Societies. 355 acid are produced, Thé woody parr, and muscular fibre, do not undergo iu these changes any essential alterations, The phosphorescence of the wood is chiefly owing to a glutinous principle, that serves to unite the woody fibres and that of the fish, to a gelatinous prins ciple, which anites the muscular fibres: M. Dessaignes has endeavoured to exs plain the luminous appearance of the sea, apd to support his reasoning by a numerous collection of facts relating to spontaneous phosphorescence. He at* tributes thelight of the sea to two causes; first, to the presence of phosphoric ani+ malcule, and the enianation of laminous matter produced by them; and,secondly, to the simple presence of this niatter dissolved and mixed in the water, pros ceeding not only from these animalcula, but from molusci, fish, &e. Mathemutics—The subject of the double prize of 5000 francs to be distri buted by this class, in its sitting, January 7th, 1811, was the following: “ The theory of those planets which have an inclination and eccentricity too great to admit the calculation of their irregularities with sufficient exactness by known methods.” ’ The class did not require a numerical application, but only analytical formu- laries, disposed im such a manner that‘at intelligent calculator could apply them with certainty to the planet Pallas, and to every other which are er may be dis- covered. Two wemoirs were presented which were not satisfactory; the class therefore proposed to’ reserve the deter= mination of the prize to the tst of Ja- nuary, 1816, that geometricians may have sufficient time to resolve this important question. The medal of M.de Lelande for the Most interesting observation, or the most useful memoir, on astronomy, for the last year, has been given to M. Poisson, for his works relating to’the secular ine- qualities of the mean motions of the planets, the stability of the planetary system, the rotation of the earth, the change of place of the poles atthe surface, and the equations on which the move. ments of its axis depend. These works have merited the gratitude of astrana. mers, to whom he ‘has demonstrated in the most complete manner hitherta done, ‘the fundamental , points of the system of the world, which ave the base of all astronomical calculations, Geology.— Messrs. Cuvier and Bronre niart, ave discurered, in the environs uf Yuls, $56 Paris, very extensive beds of stone, that contain only fresh water shells, which appear to haye been deposited in ponds or lakes. Some of these beds of stone are separated by intermediate strata of marine formation. This seems to prove that the sea bas made an irruption on the continent, which it bad {formerly aban- doned, and confirms the traditions of a deluge, so universally spread amongst different nations, . Upon beds of gypsum in the same neighbourhood, which conr tain the bones of reptiles, and of fish, with fresh water shells, and petrified trunks of palm trees, repose beds of stone, containing innumerable quanti- ties of marine shells only; and again upon these, other beds of fresh water shells, but of a kind entirely different from the former. Lt is impossible to have more clear and manifest indications ef the revolutions which have taken _ place:on the surface of the globe. M. Sage and M. Cubieres have directed the attention of philosophers to a sin- gular fact, which has excited innume- rable conjectures.’ In the neighhour- hood of Puzzoli, three erect columns of small temple have been discovered, thirty French feet below the present le- vel of the sea, al} of them pierced and bored to the same height, by dails and polades, a kind of marine shell fish, which penetrate into the densest stones immerged under the surface of the sea. Have these coluinns been taken from aquarry formerly under the surface of the sea?, But why sbould they have chosen stones so perforated ; and how does it hnppen that the perforations ex- tend exactly to the same height in. each column? Has the temple been succes- sively sunk and raised again in a volcanic country, sulject to so many irregular movenients? But how, after such vio- Jent shocks could the columns remain erect? Have volcanic eruptions opened deep ravines which have closed at one extremity, and have kept the temple confined ina kind.of lake until a passage was opencd, and restored the ground to Proceedings of Learned Societies. ' —s Ue [May 1, its natural dryness? There are difficule ties attending all these explanations, particularly the two last. How could such important changes haye taken place after the construction of the temple, and haye left no trace in history or in the memory ofman? ‘hey frequently speak of the eruption in tbe year 1528, when: the hill called Monte-novo was formed, and when the sea invaded a part of the coast; but there is no tradition of suc. cessive revolutions. Near this temple bas been discovered a particular variety of marble, of which M. Cubieres has read an analysis to the Institute. It is white, semi-transparent, and receives a fine polish; it dissolves with difheulty in the nitric acid, and gives sparks with steel; it contains twenty-two parts in every hundred of magnesia. M. Cu- bieres has called it the Greek magnesian marble, and thinks it is the same which the ancients made use of in constructing their temples without windows, that re- ceived light only through the transparent walls, ; Physiology.—The following question was proposed two years since, but, no satisfactory answer having been received, the prize of 5000 francs will he given to the best memoir on the subject, which shall be received before October the ist, 1812: ‘* Does there exist any circulation in those animals known under the name of Asteria or Star Fish, Echini or Sea Urchins, and Holothariz, ou Pzriapes de Mer.” Incase any circulation be found, it is required to describe the organs by which, it is carried on. The description must .be accompanied with observations made upon living animals, and include the vessels of respiration if there be any particular ones, as well as those of cir- culation. Jt would also be desirable ascertain the chemical effect of <7, respiration on water and on air; but this ig not absolutely required, Tt will be necessary that, the descriptions should be accompanied with drawings, that the principal details may easily be verj. fied, ~ ‘VARTETIES ve TR ee en A ah Ot) mld. 11hj} Boats ( 337.) : VARIETIES, Lirzerary AND PuHILosopurcat. Including Notices of Works in Hand, Domestic and Foreign. e*s Authentic Communications for this Article will ulwiys be thankfully receiveds . ee \ 8 HUTTON has, for some time past, been employing his leisure in arranging and printing a complete col- lection of what may be considered his original discoveries, improvements, and inventions, under the title of “ Tracts,” mathematical and philosophical, in 3 vols. 8vo. of which the first volume is printed, and ready for publication, con- taining, among many linprovements, a greatly enlarged edition of his Treatise on Bridges. All the readers of the Monthly Ma- gazine have been interested by the com- munications relative to Stramonium, and their opinions will be rendered uniform by the valuable letter ‘of Dr. Sims, in the present Number. As the subject is become of such great importance, the editor of the Moathly Magazine has re- solved to collect intoa pamphlet all that has appeared, to add other letters in his possession, and to invite further com- munications from the faculty, and others. He purposes also to annex a coloured engraving of the thorn apple, a botanical description, and some introductory ob- servations. Communications intended to have place in the pamphlet, should however be sent immediately. : Mr. YatTmay, a gentleman of inde- pendent fortune at Chelsea, after the cunviction of eight years experience of the utility of the Galvanic principle, as exhibited in the theories of the Doctors Davy and Garnet, wishes to extend its Mfluence so as to be permanently be- neficial to the human body. Je has ac- cordingly addressed a letter on this sub- ject to the physicians of St. George's Hlospital, of which he is a governor, and this is now under the consideration of the Medical Board of that charity. Mr. J. Norrts Brewer, has ready for press a new Romance, in four vo-~ Jumes, under the title of “An Old Family Lezend, or one Husband and two Marriages.” ’ Mr. Curry’s second set of Etchings of the Antiquities of Chester will be published early in May. Mr. Tuomas Orcer, husband of the -beaatiful Mrs. Orger, of the Lyceum Theatre, is now closely engaged in making a new Translation of Ovid’s Metamorplioses, in Rhyme, to be pub- Moytury Mag, No, 213. , lished in quarterly Numbers. The first Number to make its appearance in thé course of next month. ©” \ Dr. Epwarps has nearly finished @ work in two volumes, with which he hag been long engaged, to ascertain the real and relative foundations of the different civil, political, commercial, and indi« vidual interests ef society and nations. Mr, H. M. Browne has in the~press, and will speedily publish, the Apothe- cary’s Vade Mecum, or Companion to the New London Pharmacopeeia, for the use of Students and junior Practitioners, Mr. Perer Nrcnotson has in for= wardness, 2 Dictionary of Architecture, to be completed in two quarto volumes, with many plates, i General Matcorm, late envoy to the court of Persia, will shortly publish a sketch of the Political History of India, from 1784, to the present time, Dr. Tuomas Youno, has nearly ready for publication, in octavo, a System of Practical Nosology ; with an Introduction to Medical Literature in general. Dr. Curry, of Guy’s Hospital, has in the press-a work, on the Nature of the Hepatic- Function, which is to be coms prised in two octavo volumes. The Lord Mayor, Aldermen, and Council of the city of London, have directed that the proceedings in commun council, authenticated by the proper officer, and superintended by a coms mittee, shall in future be printed, for the use of the members of the corporation. The state’ papers and letters of Sir Watrter Aston, afterward Lord Aston, ambassador in Spain in the reign of James I, and Charles I. are printing uniformly with those of Sir Ralph Sadlery in two quarto volumes, Mr. Crirrorp, editor of the state papers of Sir Ralph Sadler, has in the press, in a quarto volume, Tixall Poetry ; with notes, &c. &c. The Rev. H. B. Witsoy is preparing for the press “A Histoty of Merchang Taylors’ Schoo), London,” from its foun= dation to the present time, Dr. Prdrson’s Warburtonian Lece tures, preached in Linculn's Inn chapel, will soon appear. 9 Mr. Bawowen has completed bir translation of the whole uf the larger 24 » volume \ volume of Domesday Book; and has a volume nearly ready for the press, which comprises the counties of Middlesex, Herts, Bucks, Oxon, and Gloucester. The remaining volumes, five in number, will be published in due succession; as will also the counties of Essex, Suffolk, and Norfolk, which are comprised in the smaller volume of the original. Dr. Kemp's second course. of lectures at the Russell Institution, on music, will ‘commence at the rooms of the Insti- tution, on Monday evening, the 22d inst. at eight o’clock; the remaining lectures on each succeeding Monday, ull the course is completed. FRANCE. ‘ Messrs. A. Porreau and P. Turpin, have commenced a work of greatinterest to the French botanist, entitled, Flora Parisiensis, containing a description of the plants which grow natarally in the environs of Paris. M. Watckenarr is engaged on a Natural History of Spiders, which will €xtend to $00 plates, designed, engraved, and coloured, by the most celebrated ar- tists of Paris, and accompanied by de- scriptions in Latin, French, English, and German. According toa report made by Messrs. Deyeux and Thenard to the first class of the [ustitute, M. Zanetts has discovered a mode ef extracting from inaize a very fine syrup, the flavour of which is com- parable, in every respect, to the syrup made from the sugar-cane, Tustead of pressing, as had heretofore been at- tempted, the entire stalk of the maize, M. Zanetti removes the leaves and the external skin, so that he submits to the pressure only that portion of the vege- table which contains the most saccharine matter. M. Zanetti has also proved according to the same report, that the syrup of maize is susceptille of passing into the vinous fermentation,, and that by distillation may be obtained from it an excellent alcohol, little.or not at all diferent from that obtained from mo- Jasses which has been subjected to fer- mentation. A person of Verdun has discovered a method of producing an imitation of Chinese tea, by heating the leaves of _ the hora-beam in anew earthen vessel, placed in the midst of boiling water, tll they have acquired a brown bue, lighter or darker at pleasure. They are then scented by being placed in a bos, toge-, ther with the rout of the Florence irss in te Literary and Philosophical I ntellig ence — ae?" ‘Teak OF [May 1, | powder, for several days; after which | they may be used as tea. The imitation is said to be so. perfect as te deceive persons not previously informed. M. Sacer, -has lately stated in a me~ tnoir read to the national institute, at Paris, the efficacy of fluor volatile alkali, in cases of severe apoplexy. «< For at least forty years,” says he, I have had opportunities of witnessing the effi- cacy of volatile alkali, taken internally, as an immediate remedy for the apo- plexy, if employed on the first appear- ance of the disease. One of the keep- ers of my cabinet, aged 72 years, robust, though thin, and very sedate, was seized, while fasting, with an apoplexy. ‘He fell down deprived of sense. When raised up he had the rattles in his throat his eyes were closed, his face pallid, an his‘ teeth fixed together. I drew out his under lip so as to answer the purpose of a Spout, into which was poured a spoonful of water, containing 25 or 30 drops of fluor volatile alkali, At the same time two slips of paper, the edges of which were wetted with volatile alka- li, were introduced into his nostrils. The teeth were speedily separated, and the eyes opened. A second dose of alkali was instantly poured down the throat. The rattles ceased ; speech arid recollec- tion returned, In the course of an hour the patient recovered sufficient strength to’ proceed without assistance about three hundred paces to his own cham- ber. In another hour he got up, asked, for something to eat, and has since ex- perienced no return of the disorder.” lle reports another instance in the per- son of one of his friends, who was a great eater, and was struck with the apoplexy while at table. ‘ The volatile, alkali excited a vomiting, and after that had abated, the patient tock twenty’ drops of volatile alkali in half a glass, of wine. His senses returned, and in, two hours he was able to walk in his garden.” ; A premium of a million of livres was ofiered by the FRENCH GOVERNMENT, in May last, to the inventor of thé best machine for spinning thread.—1. To spin thread for woof and warp, proper to be made into a piece equal in fineness, to muslin made with cotton thread, No. 400,000 metres; corresponding to No. 164,008 ells to the pound weight. ‘The method of obtaining thread of this fineness, must be’such .as to effect a sa~ ving of eighteteuths of spinning by hand, & os ales LN 1611.]" hand.—2. The same for thread equal to fine cambric muslin: No, 225,000 metres; or No. 92,000 ells to the pound, The saving to be seven;tenths of the labour and cost of spinning by hand.— 3. No. 170,000 metres; or No, 70,000 ells to the pound. The saving to be 4ix-tenths of the cost of spuyning by hand. In these savings are included whatever may be ebtained in all the preparatory operations to the spinning ef the thread—d, If all these condi- tions are not falfilled, 500,000 franes will be granted te whoever fulfils the conditions of the second and_ third class.—5. The models must be large enough to be used for working, as ina manufactory.—6. The candidates must explain the whole of their manner of proceeding from the raw material to the finest spinning —7. The machines that obtain the prize are to become public property. . |The introduction of maehinery into the woollen manufactories at Veryins. Hodimont, Aix Ja Chapelle, and Car- cassonne, has given new life to the trade of France; and of seven millions of livres to which their exportation to ‘Turkey amounted, before the revolution, they have recovered six millions, ‘These machines were introduced by two Ene glishmen named Cockerill’ and Douglas, and the government has bought the property ; and given them large premiums dor various inventions, - By an order of police, dated Novem- ber 20, the following regulations were established, concerning the cleansing, and keeping clean, the streets and pas- saves of the city of Payis.* 1. Proprietors er tenants of houses, are bound to direct the sweeping regularly every day, the fronts of their houses, shops, courts, gardens, and other offices. ‘The sweeping to extend from the kennel in the middle of the street, tu the edge of the pavement next the houses. The mud to’be gathered in heaps on the sides. None to sweep his own mud on “to his neighbour's premises. 9. The sweeping shall be finished at eight o'clock in the morning, from October 1, to March 1 ; and at seven o'clock, from March 1, so October 1. In case of negligence, the police will sweep the place, and charge the expenses 3. The laying of any filth or refuse, from the interior of the houses, after the scaven- * The paper of our correspondent, “Com 2MON SENSE,” on this subjact, was written in London three days pelvic this French edict . Literary and Philosophical Intelligence. 359 ger carts have passed, will be punished with great seyerity. 4. Glass of all kinds, broken bottles, lumps_ of ice, earthen-ware, &c. shall be placed 'elose to the houses, apart from the mud. 5. Nothing shall be thrown into the streety from the windows of any house. 6. The laying of any earth or rubbish, before the houses, or suffering it to lie more than two hours after the carts have passed, is forbidden. Earth or rubbish, laid before the houses, meust be removed in the, course of the day. . In case of negligence, the police will remoye it, and charge it. 7. In time of snow, or of frost, every householder is bound tga sweep away the snow, and to break the ice before his house, shop, court, garden, &c. to the middle of the street. They shall form the snow and ice into heaps. In case of slippery ice, they shall strew ashes, sand, or gravel r 8. It is forbidden to lay in the streets, any snow or ice, from courts, or from the interios of houses, &ce 9. It is equally forbidden to proprietors, or occupiers of baths, dyers, washers, or others which make great use of water, tolet any part thereof, flow over the public wayg during frosty weather. , ; GERMANY. M. Vretz, of Vienna, is publishing a work on Botany, containing plants used in medicine, in domestic economy, and manufactures, with the descripuon of the methods of using them. The first two volumes comprise the indigenous medicinal plants, and the third, which is the last that has appeared, contains the plants for household uses, from Acanthus to Amygdalus, arranged in alphabetical order. The author has followed Mur- ray’s system, M. Tromsporre has in publication at Erfurt, a periodical work ented, The General Chemical Library of the Nine» teenth Century. {t consists of criticisms on all new works published on the subk- ject, and the Jast number contains a review of the chemical literature of France, England, Holland, Sweden, &c. from 1800 to 1204. _—- A shepherd, of the village of Kappel,' near Klagenfurt, Carinthia, found’ ac- cidentally, during the last autumn, a vein of quicksilver; this discovery will in part comperisate the Austrian mo- narchy for the cession of Taria; there has hkewise been discovered in Transyl- vania, a mine of quicksilver, which plo- duces annually 700 quintals of that mis neral ! ; The editors of the Annals of the Pia. gress of Inventions, a work which collects discoveries, inventions, systems, opinions, . 360 opinions, and hypotheses, considered as new, .have calculated the number of these novelties for the year 1809, and they find 20 articles of natural history, $1 of mineralogy, $7 of botany, 70 of chemistry, 89 of medicine, SQ of sur- gery, 14 of farriery, 36 of mathematics, 6 of mathematical. geography, 4 of the nilitary art, 8 of metallurgy, 15 of woods and forests, 2 of marine and navigation, 45 of domestic economy, 45 of the fine arts. ‘These may serve as a specimen of the labours and-studies of. the learned and ingenious for one year. The list of ‘subjects in the mechanical arts alone, contains near 100 articles of all kinds, ‘and connected with the implements of nll trades and businesses. A physician of Mentz has lately pub- lished a caution to nurses on the abuse of the narcotic properties of the poppy, which, as this plant is becoming an ar- ticle of cultivation, cannet be too exten- sively known. Several incautious mo- thers, in order to keep their children fyuiet, give them milk in which the heads of poppies, “after the seed is tgken out, -or other parts, haye been steeped or boiled. In time this practice induces a lethargic habit, and some children re- ‘main incurably stupid all their lives in eonsequence of this pernicious and Mnia- tural sedative, SWITZERLAND. The river Linth which descends from the Alps to the canton of Glaris, had in fifty years raised its bed sixteen feet. This elevation of the soil stopped the course of the river Maag, which was the outlet to the Jake of Wallerstein. Hence arose an increase of the waters of the Jake, and freguent inundations of the towns of Wallerstein arid Wesen; and the whole country, covered with stagnant water, became extremely unwhulesome. -M. Escuer, a celebrated mineralogist, of Zurich, at the head of a company, ‘undertook ‘to remedy thig mischief and has succeeded. He constructed a mole ‘of rock stones, 15,000 feecin length ; and formed a new channel for the Linth, of 50,000 feet, and with roads on the sides, ITALY, . Dr. Micnetorr: has commynicated to the Academy of Sciences of Turin, a new mode of extracting indigo from the lants Isatis and Pastel, The leaves are a bailed to obtain the fecula by fil- tratign,. This fecula, which is composed ef ayreen matter, of wax, and of tlfe jadige, must be thoroughly washed with ‘ Literary and Philosophical Intelligence. * [May 1,. clear water, and at length dissolved ina sulution. of caustic potash, the whole being boiled together. By a new filtra- ton, avery turbid liquor is obtained, which, concentrated and calcined by the same process as is used to the blood em- ployed in making Prussian blue, yields a good prussic ley for the preparation of the colour, A great quantity of water must then be poured on the greenish matter which remains dpon the filtres This matter is the indige, the presence of which is manifested by the edges be- coming blue, mingled with the greenish matter of wax. The action of the air completes the blue colour of the whole, M. Bossaretyi, a chemist of Turin has extracted an oil from- the arachidis or arachis hypogwa, which he describes as good for burning and for the use of the table. He pounded and_ pressed the nuts; purified the liquor, by means of carbonated magnesia, and filtered if when he wished ic to be very clear. It isnot habie to become rancid. The specific gravity of water being 10,000, linseed cil is 9,403, olive. oil 9,153, arachis oi! 9,182. The retuse serves ta feed fowls, The Academy Della Crusca, at Flo- rence, has been re-established by 4 decree of the French government. It is to be composed of twelve members aed twenty assaciates.. The former are particularly ebarged with the revision of the Dictionary of the Tratian’ Lan- guage, the preservation of the purity of that tongue, and the examination of works presented tor the prizes offered by former decrees. M. Gurporrr, professor of chemis- try, at Parma, has successfully cultivated the woad plant for two years, and has obtained from it an immense quantity of seed for the use of dyers. He has likewise succeeded in extracting from it @ quantity of indigo. ’ DENMARK, Two societies of rural and domestic economy have been formed in Norway, one at Christiana, the other at Asker, Each of them proposes premiums, and publishes ,essays on subjects analogods to the purpose of their institution, The topographical society of Christiana, has lately been re-organized, and bas re- sumed its labors, The former number of 93 members is increased by 24 in Nor- way, and 25 in Denmark, Anprew Otsex Dow, an inhabitant of Overhalden, has- attempted to make cloth ~ . 1811.] cloth with the hair of cattle. He has ‘been completely successful, by mixing the hair with wool before it is wrought, GREECE, The Ionian academy, established at Corfu, bas offered a prize of 600 francs, for the best dissertation on the means of rendering the potatoe abundant in that island, in the shortest possible time, and. also of produciig an increase of grain. The memoirs may be written in Italian, Latin, Greek, or French. PRUSSIA. State of the remnant of the Prussian Monarchy in 1809.— Provinces. sayore Populations A iles. A LAUANIA. a lp. « G1 Dy, SCOOT * 9. Eastern Prussia . 386 454,734 -3. Westetu Prussia . 343° 367,067 4; Pomerania. . . 442 490,106 5 The New Marche 209% 265,714 6. Electoral March; Country” of Magde- . burg on right Bank ; of the river Elbe 416 . 703,992 a, ray » ses 668 11,896,359 Total RUSSIA. The first volume of Captain Krusen- sTERN’s Voyage round the Wofld, though printed, is not yet on sale. The author has sent copies to several sovereigns and learned men of his acquaintance, The atlas contains 66 plates,whichwill be augmented to 112. A translation of the work into French is preparing. Two editions are ublishing at the same time at Peters- Thad one in the Russian language and the other in German. Each wiil form three quarto volumes. AMERICA. A comparison of the observations made on a meteor which exploded over Weston, in Connecticut, in December, 2.779% 4,552,550 1807, by Mr.N. Bowortcu, gives the following results: This meteor, of which the shower that fell was a partial dimi- Rlution, not an entire destruction, was about eighteen miles high in the. atmos- piste. Its course was S. 79 W. in a di. Literary and Philosophical Intelligence. 361 rection nearly parallel to the surface of the earth; and its velocity exceeded three miles per second. The least of all the limits ascribed to the diameter of the meteur is 491 feet. A body of this mag- nitude, and of the same specific gravity as the stone which fell at Weston, which weighed about 225 pounds to a cubie foot, would contain a quantity of matter exceeding in weight six millions of tons. If the specific gravity were the same as that of the air at the surface of the earthly the quantity of matter wouldexceed 2000 tons; but if we reckon it to be the same as that of the air acthe height of the me- teor, which by the usual rule for-baro- metrical admeasurements is about 3s of that at the surface of the earth, the quantity of matter would exceed 50 tons, The weight of the whole mass that fell near Weston does not appear to sve been more than half a ton. A chain bridge has been cast over the river Merrimack, three miles above New~ bury port, in the state of Massachusetts. “It consists ofa single arch 244. feet inlength. The abutments are of\ stone, 47 feet long and 87 high; the uprights, or framed work which stands on tha abutments, are $5 feet high, over which are suspended ten distinct chains, the ends of which on both sides of the river, are buried in deep pits, and secured by large stones: each chain is 516. feet long, and where they pass over the uprights, and where the greatest strain rests, they are treble, and made in short links: The four middle joists rest on the chains ; all the others wre suspended to the main chains, to equalise the floor. This bridge has two passage-ways of 15 | feet in width each, and the floor is so solid as to admit of horses, carriages, &e. travelling at any speed, with very little perceptible motion of the floors, _ A company of gentlemen and book= sellers have been incorporated at New Jersey, under the title of the Franklin Society, with a capital of 750,000 dollars, and the liberty of importing and printing books, and establishing a paper manu. factory and type foundery. NEW I [ 362°] [May 1, ‘NEW PUBLICATIONS IN APRIL. * As the List of New Publications, contaiued in the Monthly Magazine,’ is the ONLY COMPLETE LIST PUBLISHED, and consequently the only one that can be useful to the Public for Purposes of that Authors and Publishers will continue to communicate (Post paid,) and they will always be faithfully inserted, FREE of EXPENSE. general Referens, it is requested otices of their Works a= ‘ ; AGRICULTURE. A HISTORY of British Implements, and #+ Machinery, applicable to Agriculture, with Observations on their Improvement. By W. Lester, 4to. 11. 11s, 6d. ARTS, FINE. The British Gallery of Portraits, No. VI, atlas 4to. 1]. Ss. large paper il. 16s. A View of the New Bridge, now building over the Thames, at Vauxhall, as it will appear when completed. Drawn and en- gravedby William Daniell, A.\R.A. 21. 12s. 6d. COMMERCE. Commerce as it Was, Is, and Might Be. Ss. An Inquiry into the State of our Com- mercial Relations with the Northern Powers. Ss. 6d. Remarks on the Danger attendant on Con- woys, with a Proposition for the better Pro- tection of Commerce from Sea-risk and Cap- ture. By Richard Hall Gower, 1s. DRAMA, : Qurselves, aComedy. By MissChambers. EDUCATION. Les Soirées d’Hiver, Par J. B. Depping, 3 vols. 12mo, 12s. "Literary Information, consisting of in- structive anecdotes, explanations, and deri- vations. By Isabella Kelly, 12mo. ds. HISTORY. * Sketch of the Political History of India, fiom the Introduction of Mr. Pitt’s Bill in 4784, to the present day. By John Malcolm, Lieutenant-colonel in the East India Com- pany’s Madras army, resident at Mysore, and date enyoy to the court of Persia, royal Svo. 18s. ’ History of the Reformation in Scotland. By George Cook, D.D. 3 vols. 8vo. 11. 143.64. The History of Cambria. By Humfrey Lhoyd, gent. corrected, augmented, and con- tinued, by David Powell, royal 4to. The Annual Register, vol. HM. for 1809, Svo, 16s. LAW. Report of the Trivls of the Rey. Robert Bingham, curate of Marestield, Sussex, on charges of writing a threatening letter, and setting fire to his house. is. 6d. -Report of the Proceedings on an Infor- mation by his Majesty’s Attorney-general, against John Hunt and Leigh Hunt, pro- prietors of the Examiner, for publishing an article on Military Punishment. 2s. 6d. A Practical Treatise, on the Powers and Duties of Juries, and on the Criminal Laws of England. By Sir Richard Phillips. 8s. “The Judgment pronoynced by Six William Scott, ‘on the 13th of July, 1810, ina suit instituted by E. L, Loveden, esq. M.P. fora divorce. By Mr. Gurney. 5s. , An Analysis of Blackstone’s Commen- taries. By Baron Field, student of the Inner Temple, 8vo. 8s. y . The Code Napoleon, verbally translated from the French. By Bryan Barrett, of Gray’s Inn, 2 vols. 8vo. il. 12s. MEDICINE, SURGERY, &C. A Natural History of the Human Teeth, with a Treatise on their Diseases. By Joseph Murphy. 6s. MISCELLANEOUS. An Address to the Members of the House of Commons, on the Insufficiency of the Pay of the Post Captains and Commanders in the Royal Navy. : The British Review, and London Critical Journal, terly.) 6s. ; Cottage Dialogues among the Irish Pea santry. By Mary Leadbeater; with notes and a preface, by Maria Edgeworth, 12mo. §s. ‘The complete Warks of Samuel Richard- son, with a Sketch of his Life and Writings. By the Rev. E. Mangin, M.A. 49 vols, crown 8vo. 71, 12s. : The Ecclesiastical and University Annual Register for 1810. 10s. 6d. va A Narrative of the Hardships and Suffer- ings of several British Subjects who effected their Escape from Verdun, 8vo, 4s. __ The Cambridge University Calendar for 1811. 5s. “ee The Return to Nature, or a Defence of the Vegetable Regimen, with some Account of an Experiment made during the dast three or four years, in the Authors family. By John Frank Newton, esq. 63. , Practical Observations on the. Prejudices against the Brewery. By J, Baverstock, 5s. Gd. Public Disputation of the Students of the College of Fort William, in Bengal, on the 15th of September, 1810, before Lord Minto, governor general, with his Lordship’s Dis- course. 1s. Gd. Asiatic Researches, vol. x, 8vo. 15s. 11. 11s. 6d. R Microcosmography. By John Earle, D.D, «with Notes and -an Appendix, by Philip Bliss, 8vo. 10s. 6d. > Popular “Essays on Right Sve. Gs. An Essay on Morality, and the Establishe ment of the Moral Principle, 3s. od. © Ato. and Wrongy No. I. (to be continued quar’ NATURAB- 1811.) NATURAL HISTORY. . Conchology, or a Natural History of Shells, containing a new arrangement of the Genera and Species, illustrated by coloured engravings executed from natural specimens, By George Perry. folio 161. 16s. - The Natural History of British Insects, illustrated with coloured figures. By E. Do- nevan, F.SS. Part, II. vol. i. 11. 115. or No. I. 2s. 6d. ; Sketches of the Physiology of Vegetable Life. 8vo. 10s. 6d. NATURAL PHILOSOPHY. * Farther Inquiries into the Changes induced in Atmosphietic Air, by the Germination of Seeds, the Vegetation of Plants, and the Respiration of Animals. By Daniel Ellis, Bvo, 9s. NOVELS; TALES. _ Thinks I to Myself; a serio-ludicro-tragico- comic tale. 2 vols. 12mg. 10s. 6d. . Amatonda, a Tale from the German of Anton Wall. 12mo. 6s. A Winter in Paris. 3'vols./18s. The Times. 2 vols. 12mo. 10s. ‘Frederic, of Memoirs of My Youth. 2 vols. 12s. * Tales of the Passions, Vol. If. 8vo. 10s. 6d. ‘ POETRY. . Babylon and other Poems. Annabella Hawke. foolscap 8vo. 6s. _A Poetical Essay on the Existing State of Things. 9s.| The Wonders cf a Week at Bath. 7s. Calcutta, with notes. 5s. Poems, by E. B. Impey, esq. foolscap Bvo. 8s. ; Christina, the Maid of the South Seas, By Mary Rusiell Mitford, 8vo. 10s. 6d. POLITICS AND POLITICAL ECONOMY. ° Outline of a Plan for the better Cultiva- By George Moore. tion, Security, and Defence of the British West Indies: By Captain Layman, R.N. . The Substance of a Speech made by Lieu- tenant-general Tarleton; in a Committee .of the House of Commons, on the Army Es- timates, onthe 4th of March, 1811.. 1s, 6d. A Constitution of the Spanish Nation, pre- sented to the Supreme Junta of Spain, and. the Indies, November 1, 1809. By Alvaro Florez Estrada. Translated by W. Burdan. Qs, A Full and Corréet Report of the Speech @f Sir Francis Burdetty on Lord Folkestune’s Motion regpecting Ex-Officio Infotmiations on the 28th of March, 1811. Conciliation with America, the trye Ine terest of Great Britain. ts. 6d. An Attempt to Estiniate the Increase of: the Number of Poor, between 1785 and 1803, and to point out its Causes, 8vo. A Letter Addressed to the House of Com- mons, on the absolute necessity of an imme-, diate attention to the state of the Hritish oinage, in which a new, prompt, and efi- cacious remedy is proposed for ics defects, By Benjamin smart. ts. 7” List of New Publications. By the Hon. 363 A Plain Statement of the Bullion Question, By. Davies Giddy; esq. M.P. 9s. The Law and Principle: of Money Con- sideréd, in a letter to W. Huskisson, esqe MP. By Jolin Raithby, esq. of Lincoln’s Inn, barrister. 4s. 6d. Some Obserrations upon the Argument drawn by Mr. Huskisson, and the Bullion Committee, from the high ptice of Gold Bul- lion. 3s. Remarks on the New Doctrine concerning the supposed deprecistion of our currency By Mr. Boase, 4s. inh A Lattér ta J. T. Koster, esq. in which the arguments used by that gentlenian to demonstrate that bank-notes are hot depre- ciatéd, ate cofisidered and refuted. 9s. Gd. Remarks on the supposed Depreciation of Paper Currency in England, By a mer chant. 1s 6d. Hints from Holland, on the Influences of the Continental Ratios, on the’ Coinage of: England. By A. W. Rutherford, esq. 2s. Gd. A Letter to the Right Honourable Sir Joha Sinclair, supporting his arguments in refu- tation of those advanced by Mr. Huskisson, on the supposed depreciation of oir currency, By J. M. Sjordet. 2s: 6d. efénce of Abstract Currencies, in reply to the Bullion Repott and Mr. Huskisson. * By Glocester Wilson, ésq. F.R.§. 4s: 6d, THEOLOGY, A Sermon preached before the’ Lords Spf- . ritual aid Temporal, inthe Abbey Church of Westminster, March 20, 1811. By James, Lord Bishop of Litchfield and Coventry, 4to, 2s. / Christ Crucified, a Sermon, preached before the University of Cambridge, on Sundays March 17, 1811. By the Rev. Charles Si- meon. 1s. "A Calm Review of the Scripture Doctrine, concerning the Person of Christ. By Thomas Belsham, Svo. 145. A Sermon preached at Berkeley Chapel, on the Fast Day, March 20, 1811. By FAS Busfield; A.-M. 1s. 6d. f . The Psalms Evangelized, in a continued explanation; wherein are seen, the Whity of) Divine Truth, the Harmony of the Old and New Testament, and the Peculiar Doctrines of Christianity, in Agreement with thé Ex- petience of Believers in all Ages. By Ri. chard Baker. 12s, TOPOGRAPHY. Eccleéstastical Topography, a collection of one hundred views of churchesin the neigh. bourhood of London, with Déscrigtions, royal 4to. 41. 4s. imp. 4t0, 61. 6s. ! » An Account of the Kingdom of Népzut, being the substance of observations made. during a mission in that couhtry in 1795, By Colonel W. Kirkpatrick, xdyal ayo; 21, 495. 6d. Ve The Choro graphical Description, or Survey of the County of Devon. “By Tristram Rise aon, BVe 16s. ° A View 4 364 A View of the present State of Sicily; its Roral Economy, Population, Produce, &c. from a Survey of the Professor of Agriculture in the Royal Academy, Palermo, By F, W. _ Maughan, esq. 4to. 11. 11s. 6d. Patents lately Enrolled. \ The Thames, or Graphie Illustrations of Seats, Villas, Public Buildings, and Pictu resque Scenery, on the Banks of that'Rivers, Engraved by W. B. Cooke, from drawings by {May 15 _ Samuel Owen, esq. 2 vols. impl. 8vo. Sl. 23. bs PATENTS LATELY ENROLLED. arc MR. JAMES FROST and sons, (SUTTON- STREET, CLERKENWELL,) for an zim- provement on Cocks, or an improved Lock-cock. i ; HE invention consists in this: In- stead of making the pin or revol- ying piece of the improved lock-cock, solid throughout, excepting that part in which the aperture, or channel, is made for the hquor to pass through, they make a cavity in the upper. part of the said pin, or revolving-piece between the cross or handle, ring, or other termination made use of for moving the said pins or revolving-piece and socket, into which the said pin or revolving-piece is fitted, by turning and grinding, and in. the cavity so madea lock, having a bolt, is fixed, and likewise the other parts, usually constituting such as operate by means of a bolt; and the said bolt ts thrown backwards and forwards, by a motion at right angles to the axis of the pin, by the action of the key, in order that when the said bolt shall be protru- ded, or shot out of its cell, in the manner of locking, part of the bolt shall stand forward beyond the face of the pin, or revolving-piece, and shall enter into a cavity in part of the motionless socket, into which the pin is placed, and shall thereby render the said pin itself mo- tionless, and shall make it impracticable to turn or open the cock, until the bolt shall have been first shot back by means of its key: the whole is so formed that the water-way or course through the cock shall be shut, whenever the said bolt is or shail be protruded in the man- ner of locking into the said motionless socket, and shall not be capable of being opened until the bolt is withdrawn. It is farther observed, that this improve- ment on cocks may be applied to any Kind or description of cock, and to the lower as well as, or instead of, to the upper part of the said pin or revolving- piece, and. the bolt may also, when pre- ferred, be made to shooc- or lock into a fixed or motionless piece, preceeding from the vessel or receptacle, in which avy liquor or Muid is to be guarded and . secured by the said improvement, as well as into a fixed or motionless piece, suc as has been described; and that the effect of the last-mentioned disposition: and application of the bolt with regard to the said vessel or receptacle will be such, as not only to prevent the pir from revolving, with regard or in relation, to the cock itself, but likewise to” pre- vent the said cock, whilst locked, from being unscrewed or drawn out of the vessel, ‘ =i : MR. RICHARD WoODMAN’S, (HAMMER- SMITH,) for a method of manufacturing, all kinds ef Boots, Shocs,- and other ' Articles, a, **My method,” says the patentee, “of manufacturing boots and shoes, con= sists in closing or sewing the upper part of boots and shoes with hemp, in the usual way, or with wire made of iron, steel, brass, copper, tin, or any other metal. And also it consists in con. necting the sole and’ upper leathers, with screws or staples, made of iron, steel, brass, copper, tin, or any other metal.” } —— MR. HENRY SsTuBD’s; (PICCADILLY,) Jor a new invented grand imperial Aulaum, from three to tweniy-fect wide, without seam, and to any lengtk or colour, for decorating Rooms, §c. _ The auleam is manufactured to the required width, without seams, and to any figure or design. The texture sur- passes surperfine cloth, and it approach- es in appearance to tiat of velvet, con. sequently when hung on walls and other, places’ exhibits a lustre of grandeur and magnificence to the eye of the be-~ holder, It is produced by labour from fine linen and worsted cloth: these ar- ticles are inseparably attached and firmly incorporated into each other, ebiefly by’ glue, and a small portion of colour, with some driers, of binding and adhe- _ Sive qualities; the most: prominent and that which constitutes the fine face art beauty of the auleum is a dyed, colour- ed, or white fock, ‘This beng ‘eS 1811.) Mr S. proceeds with the fine linen and worsted cloth, which answers for the - Back or grotind of the auleum}; this fixed in the frame or otherwise suspend- ed in length and breadth, either perpen- dicular, leaning, or horizontal, it then receives a considerable quantity of glue, together with a Sinall portion of water colour; these two ingredients warmed into a proper consistency of heat, and laid on with a brush, at once form a flexible parchment: | the operation ~ of the brush gives lassitude to every thread ; the cloth will) then expand nearly an inch in every foot; the frames must be then extended in all directions to the utinost extent that the worsted or linen will admit of. When thoroughly bard or dry, another process commences, the parchment undergves some considerable friction from pumice-stones, all promi- nent threads and superfluous glue is cleansed off, and then what follows, is a thin coat of colour, as nearly as possible to the colour of the flock in- tended for the face of the auleum: the whole piece of parchment being thinly covered, the flock is put into a sieve and dispersed over it, which still con- tinues strained to a very high pitch, the aulzum is then dressed on the under side, and the fluck diffuses and regularly adheres to the composition until finish- ed, The aulawum is then dried, by a very strong fire which takes off the effluvia, Se MR. JOHN ISAAC HAWKINS’, (GREAT TIVCHEIELD-STREET,) for a certain instrument applicable in Mechanics us a Balance or Equipoise. _ The nature of this invention, and the manner in wlich the same is performed, are best described by the drawings attached to the specifications; but per- haps the following account may give the reader some insight-into the subject: Tnstead of a weight commonly used to counter-balance or equipoise a lamp, chandelier, lustre, window-sash, shutter, &c. a steel spring is employed, such as in a. spring-clock, is called a main-spring, one end of which is attached to a fixed axis, and after coiling this spring around the axis, it is fastened by the other end to a barrel, which has rotation on the axis, as is done in a spring clock, It is nown that if a small weight be sus. pended by a line or chain, to the cir- cumference of the barrel, the barrel will be turned a small distance, but to wake it turn farther, a larger weight is essary. This spring and barrel is Garetore not an equipoise or balance, Monturxy Mac, No, 212. ‘ Patents lately Enrolled. 865 but requires an addition to constitute it such, for which reason a fusee is fast~ ened to one end of the barrel: this fusee is so formed, that when the spring is slack, or nearly so, and consequently very weak, the line or chain, which Supports the weight, shall hang near the axis; but as hy the rotation of the barrel, the spring is wound up and be- comes stronger, the said line or chain shali recede upon the fusee from the axis, and thereby~ procure a greater power of purchase upon the spring, and this in. such ‘proportion as) that the spring shall support any given weight when hung to the line or chain in all situations. The same effect may be produced by fixing the barrel instead of the axis, and letting the fusee with the axis be turned, instead of the barrel being turned. This machine may be made of iron, brass, steel, or any kind of hard metal, or other hard substance; and in order to bring it into action it must of course be fixed in Some situation Capa- ble of supporting its own weight, and the weight of the thing to he balanced, and the whole machine may be conceal. ed by any covering or ornament, which fancy may suggest. In some cases two Or more machines are placed on one fixed axis, for the purpose of counter balancing two or more window-blinds, or weights of any description. For some purposes it will be requisite to have two or more lines or chains, and consequent. ly to make the rusee with double or multiple grooves; or to have two or more fusees. For other purposes it may be convenient to put the spring and barrel on oné axis, and the fusee on another, and to employ a line or chain to connect them together, as well as one going round a cylinder fixed to the fusee, to Support the weight to be counter-ba- lanced. The shape of the fusee must, in all cases, be determined by the va- rying power of the spring; and the thickness of the line or chain. A sim- ple rule to find this shape is’ to take account of the actual weight which the spring will support at every half or quarter turn of the barrel, the weight being suspended from the circumference of the barrel, Multiply this weight by the tadius of the barrel, and divide the sum by the weight designed to be suspended from the fusee, the quotient will shew the distance at which the line or chain ought to hang from the axis, and consequent ly will determine the shape of the fusee, In the case of lamps, in which the weight is perpetually varying, a small spring 3A is 366 is introduced pressing against the -barrel or fusee, or any other con- venient part, to create a degree of fric- tion, to prevent the lamp preponderating when full of oil, and to binder the coun- ter-balancing spring from being too pow- erful when the oi] is consumed, or the burner removed. The chief advantage of this invention, consists in combining Monthly Retrospect of the Fine Arts. [May ly, a spring with a snail, or fusee, for the purpose of counter-balancing a weight, and as this has not been done before, the patentee claims the right of duing itin all the varios forms which fancy or convenience may dictate, a number of which are shewn in the drawings ig the margin of the specification. -MONTHLY RETROSPECT or tne FINE ARTS. | The Use of all New Prints, Communications of Articles of Intelligence, Sc. ar@ requested under cover to the Care of the Publisher. EE The Sixth Exhibition of the Works of British Artists, placed in the Gallery of the British Gastitution, Pall Mall, for Exhibition and Sale, 1811. N Monday the 15th ult. this gal- lery was again opened to the pub- lic, with the addition of a splendid pic- ture, which the energetic and venerable president of the Royal Academy has just completed, on a large scale, of “ Christ healing the Sick in the Temple.” It is certainly one of the finest productions of the pictorial art, and reflects additional honour upon the British school. The picture was originally intended to be sent to America; but the directors of the British Institution resolved, upon the re- commendation of Sir Thomas Barnard, not to permit such a valuable specimen of genius to be sent out of the country, but to retain it here, that it might be hereafter placed in a national gallery, as a standard by which any works 0 arts to be admitted there may be judged. The purchase-money of the picture (three thousand guineas) is to be raised bya subscription of sixty of the subscribers to the British Institution, at fifty guineas each, which 3s now (April) seven-tenths ‘full. Arrangements have been made for the exhibition of this splendid monument of British art in this gallery; for which purpose, the exhibiuon closed on the 28th of March, and opened again on the 15th ult. Such of the pictures as have been sold have been delivered to the purchasers, and those which remain unsold are now. exhibiting in the middle and north rooms, until the gallery be finally closed for the present season. The south room is de- voted to Mr. West’s picture, anda few of the largest of the others: those for the premiums, sold or unsold, all remain. It is also proposed to have a print of this picture engraved and published by subscription, and the profits arising there- from are to. be applied to the increase of the fund lately established by the Insti- tution for annual premiums in historical painting. his liberal and judicious pa- tronage, on the part of the British Insti- ‘tution, is entitled to much praise; and there is no doubt but that their liberal example will be imitated by all those whose situation in life marks them as the proper patrons of the fine arts. Mr. Fuseli has completed his excellent ‘series of Lectures on Painting, to the students of the Ruyal Academy; to which he has added, since the last season, much new and important matter. The whole of the lectures this season have been ‘more numerously attended than ever bee fore remembered, both by professors, amateurs, and patrons, of art; which is highly satisfactory, and proves the in- creased influence and extension of love for art among the public. The great ex- hibition has several times been crowded to the doors, and numbers could not ob- tain admission for want of room, On Friday the 22d ult. the second anniversary of that laudable and bene- volent institution “ The Artists’ Fund,” was held at the Freemasons’ Tavern, at which a numerous and respectable so- ciety of artists and friends to the arts met to celebrate it, The chair was taken by A.W. Devis, esq. The dinner was excel- lent; and, after a selection of loyal and convivial toasts and sentiments, the chair- man gave “ The Royal Academy,” which called ap Mr, West, the president of tha¢ royal institution, who returned thanks in itsname. ‘ The British Institution,” was hext given, and received with universal applause. In tlie interval between each toast, several appropriate songs and glees were sung by Messrs. Taylor, Elliott, Doyle, and a young gentleman. In the course of the evening, the chairman ee ‘ ; t 1811.] the following statement respecting the object of the society, to which the atten- tion of all our readers and patrons of British art is forcibly called: “ That it is the intention of this fund to alleviate the paius of sickness, and to soothe the declining years of the ‘supérannuated artist. ‘That after several meetings of the committee, a general one was ‘held on the 22d of March, 1810, at the Free- masons’ Tavern, (vide Monthly Mag. for April last,) where several resolutions werd avreed to, and where a joint stock fund was then established, as well as a benevolent or charitable; the latter of which is intended solely for the relief of the widows and orphans of the artists who are members. At present there is ~ no general established provision for them, though almost every other profession af- fords some asylum, or prospect of relief, ‘either by national institutions, by private benevclence, or by subscription among the members.”—The chairman next gave **¢ The father of the arts in this couatry, » the valuable and venerable Mr. West, the president of the Royal Academy.” — Mr. West in return: gave “ Prosperity to this Institution, and the health of his numerous children, the artists of the pre- sent day.” He availed himself of the paternal characteristic bestowed on hin by his regarded and meritorious friend, the chairman; and he concluded an in-- teresting speech with inviting the com- pany present to see his last performance, (the picture before mentioned, as pur- chased by the British Institution.) The chairman’s health. was next proposed, and received with raptures; to which he’ returned an appropriate speech. An ode for the occasion was next reeited ; and a song, written and sung by Mr. Emery, had considerable effect, and the evening concluded with the greatest har- mony. A CGallection of Pictures, by some of the best Masters, Jately brought to this Country by Mr. Michael Rigo, aw » Historical Painter of Paris, and now exhibiting gratuitously at bis Fiouse, 143, New Bond-strezt. This collection of valuakle pictures of the best masters of the Parmesan and Bo- lognese schools, consists of about sixteen ‘of the finest productions of the pencil. They are selected with yreat judgment from the cabinets of the late Doge of Genoa, the Duke of Sanvitali, and other celebrated collections. They are every one chef d’ceuvres, but au exquisite cabinet picture of Corregio, * La Vierge 4u Pannier,” the Woman taken in Adule Monthly Retrospect of the Fine Arts. 367 tery, by ‘Guercino; the celebrated land- scape by Salvator "Rosa, so well known by an etching by himself, called ‘¢ 12 Ciaccatore ;” a resplendent picture, as large as life, of Adam and Eve in Para- dise ; a landscape by Ludovico, and & Conversion of St. Paul by Annihal Ca- racci, and a valuable Entombing of Christ by Parmegiany, deserve particular notice. They are the finest collection for so small a number that has been brought together for some years. Exhibition of Pictures in Needle-work, by Miss Linwood, Leicester-sguare. The greater part of these exquisite productions of the needle, which rivat the pencil, have beer already reviewed in this work; but» Miss Linwood has again opened ‘her-rooms with several ad- ditional pictures, which, it is not too much to say, fully. equal the other fine works by this very ingenious lady. Seventh Annual Exbibition of the Society of Painters in Water-colours. At the Great Room, Spring Gardens. This interesting exhibition opened on Monday the 22d ult. and is fully equal to that of last year.. Among the best drawings are, * Lhe Beauchamp Chapel at Warwick,” and some other specimens of architectural antiquities, by Wild; sume domestic scenes, by Heaphy; soine views of Westminster and Windsor, by Nash; some charming landscapes, by Glover, Havell, Varley, Reinagle, W. Westail, Turner, Dewint, and Chalon ; cattle, by Hills; and fancy subjects, by Uwins, and Rigaud. The Fourth Exhibition of Associated Painters in Water-colours, 16, New Bond-street. An imitation of the former, at a very humble distance. They have the mo- desty, however, with a smalier quantity of indifferent pictures, to charge a deuble price for their catalogue. INTELLIGENCE, The directors of the British Institution have issued proposals for publishing an engraving from the before-mentioied pic- ture of Mr. West, which may be had at the yallery. They have committed the engraving to Mr. Charles Heath, who has also in hand some plates from designs for thé new poem called: Char! aie ub, by “Lucien Bonaparte. The etching from Wilkie’s célebrhted Blind Fidler, by Burnett, anda proof of the present state of Bromley’s s plate from Devis’s picture of the Death df Nelson, may be seen at Messrs, Boydell’s, Cheap- side. 368 side. They give flattering proofs of the abilities of. the respective engravers, and also what they will be when finished. Mr. Clay, of Ludgate-hill, has issued proposals for publishing by subscription two whole-length portraits of his Majesty and his Royal Highness the Prince Re- gent, in the robes of the order of the garter; the portrait of his Majesty, painted by James Northcote, esq. in the possession of the Lord Bishop of Salis- bury; and that of his. Royal Highness, by John Hoppner, esg. R.A. in the pos- Review of New Musical Publications, [May, a session of the Marquis of Hertford. Both the portraits have been recently painted and are now engraving in mézzotinto, by Mr. Say, and will certainly be publisned early next month. Size 17% inches, by 26£ inches nigh, The first. fifty proofs six guineas the pair, or three guineas each; the second fifty, two guineas each 5 and the subsequent impressions, one guinea each. The ensuing exhibition at the Royal Academy opens the 29th of May, and will be noticed in our next Number, __ REVIEW OF NEW MUSICAL PUBLICATIONS. — Musical Curiosities ; or a Selection of the most Characteristic Songs and. Airs, many of which were never before published. Inscribed to Her Royal Highness the Princess Charlotte of Wales, by Edward Jones. 108. 6d. {11S publication, which-consists of Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, Da- nish, Lapland, Malabar, New South Wales, French, Italian, Swiss, English, and ‘Scotch melodies, comprizes many beautiful and interesting specimens of national taste, and, as well for the rich- ness as variety of its contevts, will, not fail to attract the favorable attention of the musical public. The Lovers by Dr. Haydn, which the late Dr. Arnold shewed us, in Manuscript jseveral years since, neven, we. believe, appeared in. print before,,,any miore than the, two, speci- mens, of) bis»ingenuity, equally curious in their, kind, by , which it, is succeeded. The Spanish Bolero (the name of which, by the way, has escaped Dr. Busby’s rrotice in his erudite and scientific Musical Dictionary,) is a composition as rare as interesting in this country, and claims the notice of the lovers of the fantastic style of dance. The Palermo Waltz, page 9, is uncommonly pleasing; the Russian Dance, page 11, surpasses in elegance what we should have expected from Russian genius; the Laplander's Song terminates its several strains in a style peculiarly pathetic; the ‘Turantella Tune is unique; Queen Caroline’s March is bold and energetic; Caller. Herring, is attractive, and may possibly be Scotch, thouyh it bears little of the features of the Caledonian strain; The Camplrlls are Coming, is truly national, as also Hey Tuti Tately; and the playful little air called the Muse, composed by the assiduous, and ingenious editor of the collection, very worthily closes an assem- blage of melodies honorable to his choice, and valuable to the lovers of specinens of varied and national song. The Ouverture and whale of the Music in the Knight of Snowdown, a Grand, Mustcal Drama, as performed at the New Theaiye Royal, Covent Garden. The words by Yhomas Morton, esq. Composed and arranged for the Piano-forte, by Henry R. Bishop. 125. We have perused the pages before us with considerable pleasure, The over= ture is varied, stuiking, and masterly and the vocal part of the publication exhibits much natural tasre, feeling of the characters, aud knowledge of stage effect. The charming duettis pleasing and natural. Hospetali/y possesses much sweet. ness of expression; Do as Company do, is easy and humourous; and the Brevura sung by Mrs. Dickons, 1s vivid, gracetul, and appropriate. A Sonata for the Piano-forte, with an Accompant= ment for a Violin. Coniposed and dedicated to Joon Caxener, esq. by Nicholas Rolfe, $5. With many passages of this sonata we are greatly pleased; a stricter unjon of the ideas in some instances would, perhaps, have still improved the effects but much taste and genius discaver themselves in each of the movements, and nothing, if we do not flatter Mr. Rolfe, is wanting.to his becoming a first. rate plano-forte composer but that fec/- ing of order and connection, bearing and relation of, parts, which only a judg- ment matured by riper years and lung exercise can produce, Alice Brand, from the Lady of the Lake, a Glee for three Voices. Composed and dedicated to W, Scoit, esq. by Sir Jobn Stevenson, Mus. Doc. 35. We find’ much merit in this glee. The melody is tastefully conceived, the parts are judiciously adjusted ; and the general effect is analogous and striking. Sir 1811.) , Sir John commences the . composition in the harmony of the 5th, We know it is allowable, but submit to. Sir Jolin Stevenson the question whether in the present instance it was eligible. ®© Perche ti laqui mio ;’? the celebrated Pollacca, as sung atthe Dublin Concerts. Composed by Paul dlday. 2s. This song, to which is added a piano- forte accompaniment, and a part. for a violin (obligato) is composed in an attractive and impressive style. Many of the passages are as novel as affecting, and offer a highly interesting view of Mr. Alday’s talents as a vocal composer. Bubo, Asinus, et Taurus, a Characteristic Rondo, Sor the Piano-forte, Composed and dedicated to Pallas, by the Author. 2s. Bubo, Asinus et Taurus, appears to be intended as' a burlesque on the: many mausical publications which are presented to us, with titles no, way analogous to, or connected with, the music to which they are superadded. The design is good, founded as a proper subject of satire, and is so executed as to evince auch of the spirit of ridicule and hu- mour. Le Badinage, for the Piano-forte, with an Accom- paniment for the German Klute, or Violin, Com= posed by G. G. Ferrari. 45. This. piece opens with an andante in ‘three quavers in a-bar, whieh is succeed- ed by a Scherzo Presto in six quavers. The first movement forms an admirable introduction’ to the second, and the effect. of the whole isso far above me- diocrity as.to.keep pace with the excel- Jence Mr. Ferrari has uniformly exhibit- ed in this species of composition. Trois eos Diverizssements pour le Piano-forte. Dediés d Mademoiselle Emme Johnson, et Com- “posés par M. Gildon. 3. A lively, free, and easy, fancy, is dis- played in these pleasing trifles; which, though they claim not the attention of accomplished performers, will be found Report of Diseases. 369 very worthy the notice. of the juvenile practitioner, The Maid of Mona, a Ballad, for the Voice and Piano-forte. Sung by Mr. Phillips, at the Lyceum Theatre, Written and composed by Jobn Parry. 15. 6d. “The Maid of Mona,” is a ballad of the most common and. simple kind; nothing is attempted beyond the limited sphere of the plain English sony, and this Mr. Parry has etlected with inge- nuity and effect. ** Kenloch of Kenloch ;” a favorite Air, arranged Sor the Piano-forte. Composed and dedicuied to Miss Purridge, by Thomas Pywell. 25, Mr. Poweli, whose piano-forte com- positions we have often had occasion to commend, bas acquitied himself in_ the present imstance with» considerable success. Much real, tasteand cultivated judgment are evinced in the composition, and exhibit his talents in a veny flattering light. © The Sun was set behind the Hill;” a Ballad, wih an Accompaniment’ for the Piano-forte. Composed by Sir J. A. Stevenson, Mus. Doc. 1s. 6d. Tius litule air is interesting as it is sims ple, and will not fail to please the lovers of the true English style of ballad com position. Mr, I. 1. Jonzs, a pupil of Dr. Crotch, has im the press six fugues for the ongan or piano-forte, to be published by sub- scription. Judging from the commen- datory letter from Ins tutor, circulated in the proposals, and which, in justice te Mr. Jones, we here subjoin, we cannot but anticipate much pleasure from their perusal, «srr, 1 have inspected the fugues you sent me for my opinion; J think them very meritori- ous productions; they bear evident marks of genius and» good taste, and are worthy tire attention of all lovers of this style of music. W. Croteh, Mus. Doc. Oxon.” REPORT OF DISEASES, Under the Care of the lute Senior Physician of the Finsbury Dispensary, from the 20th of March to the 20th of April. Se ARLY in the present month the Reporter was called to a case of typhus fever, which, from the violent and obstinate delirium that attended it, was _ mistaken for insanity. It afterwards yielded however to the medicinal re- tient or his friends. medies which were employed, together with the cold affusion; avainst the in- trepid employment of which there was fortunately in this instance no prejudice or disinclination on the part of the pa- Wine and opium were 370 ‘were likewise administered in a very liberal manner, without any injurious ‘consequences; on the contrary, the most advantageous speedily ensued. It is more especially to the management of fevers, that the principles of Brown appear capable of a beneficial applica- tion. Whatevér mizht be the errors of his theory, and the grosser errors of his conduct, that physician, by introducing into the treatment of certain diseases a more fearless and energetic admini- stration of opium and wine, has given rise to an unequivocal and very important improvement in the general practice of his profession. ‘ Notwithstanding the alarm which -usually attends a serious attack of fever, there is perhaps no form of morbid affection’ which is more com- pleatly within the scope, and under the controul of the medical art.. Diseased uction may in general, by skilful care, Alphabetical List of Bankruptcies. 2, [May 1, he corrected, but diseased structure is not alike capable of restoration. We mity regulate, but seldom can repair. It is often‘in our power to retard the too rapid, or accelerate to a proper pace the too slow and reluctant movements of the vital machine; but if any of its wheels or springs be broken or worn out, we can neither mend nor replacethem. Here lies the important line of distinction between fevers and other maladies, where the ex- citability only is deranged, and cases of organic mutilation or destruction, amidst the number of which, phthysis' pulmonalis exhibits so melancholy a pre-eminence. On this account it is, that the idea of curing consumption, when thoroughly established, is scarcely less wild and eme pirical, than that of re-animating a corpse or of re-organizing the dust ! J. Rep. Grenville-street, Brunswick-square, April 24, 1811. ‘“Aurwaseticat List of Bawsruetcres and Divivenps, announced between the 20th of March and the 20th of April, extracted from the London Gazettes. EE BANKRUPTCIZS. [This Month 167. J (The Solicitors Names are betqucen Parentheses.) DAMS J. and J. Sprage. Great St. Thomas Apoftle, A frationers,. (Lamb, Alderfgate ftreet Atkinfon G. Leicefter, grocer. Bicafdale, Alexander, and Holme, New Inn, and Bond, Leiceher Aulfebrook T. Rollefone, Notts, milter, (Rofs. Ratt, and Rofs, New Bofwell court, Carey ftreet, and Fox, Newark - E 4 Baifs W- and J. Fifherton Anger, Wilts, coopers. (Holines and Lowden, Clement's inn, and Lampard, Warmintter . Balmer W. Oldham, Lancatter, grocer. avd Fearnhead, Manchefter Barker W. Wigton, Cumberland, manufacturer. tic, Chancery lane, and Glaitter Wigton Barnett I. Shadwell, flopfeller. (Howard and Abrahams, wry tree wakes ab hea Warwick, dealer. (Bellamy and Banifter, ShipRon-on-Stour, Worcetter, and Kinderley, Long. and Ince. Gray’sinn Batty W. Flanihaw lane, Wakefield, York, cloth manu- fa@turer, (Beaver, Wakefield, and Evans, Hatton (Hurd, Temple, (Bat- Gardén , ; Beard R. Swallow ftreet, Piccadilly, victualler. ‘ Sion Cyllege gardens, Aldermanbury Béhsends C. Artillery court, Chifwell flreet, merchant, Gregfon and Dxon, Angel court, Throgmorto” freet Bel J. Leyburn. York, woolttapler, (Stowt, Cafile ftreet, Holborn, “and Wood, Lerds _ Blackburn J. Lancafter, fpirit merchant. — (Bell and Brodrick, Bow laney-snd Wilfon aia Jenkinfon, Lan- cafter % B)ackburne T.andG,. Y. Bonner, King’s Lynn, merchaots* (Goodwin, Lynn __ \ Bramley H. New City Chambers, infurance broker. (Kearfey and Spurr. Bifhoplgate ttreet Within “Bramley J. Halifax. York. merchant, (Exley, Stocker, and Dawion, Furnival’s inn, and Wi cox, Bae vate (Stevens, Brewer H. Chefham Bois, Bucks, wire-worker. fon Cliftord’s inn Bruford F. Crewkerne, butter factor. (Bleafdale, Alex- 1 ander and Holme, New Inn, ard Murley, Crewkerre Budden W. and W. Pyefinch, Friday freer, wholefale g:ocers, (Milton and Pownalls, Knightriger ftreet Builder N. S. Briftol, woullen draper. (8ufh and Prideaux, Briftol, and Bleafdale, Alexander, and Holme, New fon ‘Butters D. Queen ftreet, Bloomibury fquare, tailor, (Rice and Abraham, Dufour’s Place, Broad ftrect, Gol- den fquare ; Campbell B. Upper Thames ftreet, ale and porter dealer. (Charlefly, Mark lane Carfon A. and W. Diftell Liverpool,merchants. (Lace, Liverpool, Barrow, Threadneedle frreet, and Atkinfur and Coe Chancery lane 2 Carter W. Jun, Liverpeot, merchant. (Chambre, Chae pel ftreet, Bedford row, and Stathams and Hughes, Liverpool Chadwick T. Rochda'e, Lancafter, woollen manufacturer. (Shuttleworth, Rochdale, and Chippendale, Seijcantis inn, Fleet it ect Chamberlayne T. and W. Willams, Cumberland freet, Portman fquare, coach makers. (King, Caftie ftrect, Holborn Chapman W. Birmingham, flationer. (Beaficld, Hinde court, Fleet ftreet, and Mauafey, Birmingham Cliff 8. Bolton le Moors, Lancafter, muflin manufacturer. (Windle, Juhn ftreet, Bedford row, and Crofs and Rufhiton, Bolton . > Coates W. and G. Café, Bucklersbury, wine merchaatis (Cuwlefs and Crofse, St. “ildred’s court. Pouliry Coley D. John ftreet,. Adelphi, ‘druggi@. © (Okines, News ington Butts Collett R. Leeds, York, grocer, Jane, and Wainwright, Leeds~ Collingwood W. Alnwick, Northumberland, fcrivenere (Lambert, Alnwick, and Plixney, Gray's inn fquare Cooke W. Liverpool, merchant. (Lace, Liverpool, and Barrow, ‘Threadneedle ttreet . ‘ Cooper R- St. Mary le-bone, dealer. lane, Carey treet I, Cope B. Frodfiiam Chefhire, merchant. (Chambre, Bedford row, and Stathams and Hughes, Liverpuol Cormack H. Watling ftreet, underwriter. (Pafmore, Warnford court, Throgmorton ftrect Cottrell W. Conduit ttrcet, builder. mond’s inn > . Cowley G. Briftol, ftationer, (Whitcombe and King, Serjeant’s inn, Fleet (rect, and Frankis, Briftol Criddle W. Wivelifcombe, SomMerfet, clochier. (Iviey Taunton (Ivie, Taunton (Griff Criddle T. Wivelifcombe, clothier. Temole (Shephard and Adlingtnas (Battye, C hancery (Pember, Shire (Mayhew, Sy- Cundall W. Richmond, Surry, fchooimatter. thy Curtis E. Briftol, broker. Bedford row, and Sheppard. Bath Dadd S, Rocheft r grocer. (Walker, Old Jewry Dancer J. Lamb’s Conduit (treet, lamp maker. Caftle ftreet, Holburn Davey J. Truro, rope makers (Tarrant, Clarke, aud Richards, Chancery lane, and Haberfield. Briftol De Jongh M. and J Hart treet, Crutched Friars, mere chants. (Dennetts and Greaves, King’s Arms yard, Coleman ftreet Delamain J. Sculcoates, Yorky merchant. (Walmfley, Holl, and Egerton, Gray’s inn Delamore W, Liverpool, corn and flour dealer. (Grif- fth and Hinde, Liverpool, and Windle, John Greet, Bedford row Dell T. Macclesfield, Chefter, filk manufacturer. (Shere win, Great James ftreet, Bedfurd row, and Norbury, Maccleffield Dewfnap }. Bele’s buildings, Salisbury fquare, glovere (Patten, Crof& treet, Hattun Garden Dray (Lee, 1811] Dray J. Hythe, Kent, miller. (Allcock, Corner, and Lindfey, St. Thomas's ftreet, Borough Dunn P. Liverpool fiddler. (Blackfock. Temple Panton § and P. and H. Beaver, Mancheft-ry manufatue rers. (Halftead and Ainfworth, Manche@er, and _ Milne and varry. Temple : Fiela W. oxford ftreet, tringe and trimming manuface __ turer. (Cranch, Union court, Broad freet Fitton R Manchelter, dyer. (Fllis, Chancery lane, and Knight and Hasficld, Mancheiter Flownders J. and J. T. Morley, Huddersfield, York, linen drapers. (Williams, Red Lion fquare, and Hugall, Hull Forfter . Bafinghall ftreet infurance broker. (Colling= wood, St. Savior’s Church-yard, sauthwark Fofter M. Hanley, Stafford, grocer. (Kilmifter and Challinor, Leek, and Dewsbury, Conduit ftreet, Hanu~ ver fquare ' ‘ Prankiyn J. Uppingham, Rutland, mercer. (Baldwin, Lincoln, and Spencer. Lamb's Conduit {treet Franks J. Lambeth, cabinet maker. (Patton, Crofs- ftreet, Hatton Garden i @arraway PD. WwW. Swanfea, victualler. (Whitcombe and King, Serjeant’s inn, Fleet treet, and Frankisy Brifol Gafcoin J. Woudftock ftreet. tailor. tiflaw, Saville Place @ates \. Little James treet, Bedford row, ale and porter Merchant. (Fowler, Burton on Trent, and rearce and Sun, Swithin’s lane, London : Gibbon R. jun. Monkwearmouth, Durham, coal fitter. (Kidion. Bifhopfwearmoutk, and Meggifuns and Faire bank, Hatron Garden " @idborn “N. Judd ttreety Brunfwick fquare, grocers (Platt, Temple Gray-s Jj, Charliocte ftreet, Fitzroy fyuare, upholftcrer. (Butler, Newpate ttrect m Green G: and T. Great Marlborough ftreet, tailors. (Hae milton, Taviftuck row Grefwell T. Chefter, flax-drefier, (Humphreys, Chefter, and Black ftock, Temple Mack J. Broad ftreet, St. George's in the Eat, carpenter, (Sheffield, Great Prefcur treet, Goodman's fizids Mal T. stoke Newington, victualler. (Coslina and Wal- . ter H. Spital fquare : Mamper J. High ftreet, Southwark, bofer. Child’s place, Temple Bar Marris G. Plymouth, dealer. _ ( Jacobfon, Plymouth Marthorn Ss. Shrewsbury, mercer. (Grifitns, Great ames ftreet, Bedford row, and Williams, Shrews- ‘ ur. Bay fo aad J- Mill, Borough High ftreet, linen drapers, (Stevens, sion College Gardens, Aldermanoury Maywood ‘f. Deal, thopkeeper- (Smith, Tokenhoufe yare, Lothbury Heywood W. Manchetter, fmall ware manufacturer. (Cook and Kent, Cliffora’s inn HWikeox J. Worthing, draper. (Lane, Lawrence Pourte ney hill Mill t. Clayworth, Nottingham, Gainsburgh, Lincuola, and Lundon : Rinton w, Painfwick, Glocefter, grocer. Temple, and Gardner, Cloceiter Mobba J. Pentonville, tambe: merchant. ftreet, Hatton Garden Hockley J. Long acre, liquor merchant. ftreety Holborn (Dawfon and Wrat- (Searle, (Fifher, Jane, butcher. Wood, Cloak (Meakings, (Patton, Crofs (Lee, Caftle Hodgatts G. Kingfton, Surry,.corp dealer. (Shearman, Hart ftreet, Bloomsbury # (Zilis, Chan- Mopper T. Manchetfter, liquor-merchant. cery lane, and Cardwell, Manchefer Boughton H. King's Arms yard, Coleinan ftreet, merchant. \ 5 a and Montriou, Margarct ftrect, Cavendih vare Fowion J. Tickhill. York,.grocer. and King, Caftie @reei, Holborn BMumphreys J. King’s sris yard, Coleman Rreec, mer- chant. (Seymour and Moatriou, Margaret ftrect, Cavendifhl fquare Eagle T- Oxford treet, Nofier. Aidermanbury : Tfaaces L. and H. Portfea, fopfcilers. Marks, st. Mary Axe 2 Johniton A. Srarcheter: draper. (Elis, Cirancery lane, and Morgan. ~anchefter — F Jones J. Wrexham, Denbigh. malfter, (Kinderley, Long. and Ince, Gray’s inn, and Browne, Wrexham Jones J. Bear ttreet. Leiceiter fields, men’s mercer, {(Helmes and Lowden Clement’s inn | Jones J. Rotherhithe, tobaccomst, (Fitzgerald, Lemon treet, Goodman’s fielas Jones s. Lanhiddel, Monmouth, thopkeeper. (Platt, Temple, and Prothero, jun. Newport, Monmouth Knight &. Warminwer, Waits, grocer. (Davies and Dae vie Warmintter, and Davies, Lotnbury Knight T. M. Hammerfmith, chemi. (Lowlefs and Crofse, $t. Mildred’s cuvit, Poultry Bacey W. Nunney, ‘Somerfet, linen draper. (Davies, Lothbury, and Davies and avis, Warminiter Lancathice W. Bathy RaRURYs ait and Beckitts Gray's inn, and Randolph, Bat 7. and R, W. ‘Rotherhithe, maf and fail makers, (Cranch, Union cuurt, Broad ftreet Levi L. Plymouth, navy agent. (1faacs, Bury Rreet, St. Mary Axe 5 é Lewis W. Abergaveonys Monmouth, cordwainer, (Platt Temple, aad Smith, Cheptow (Mafon, Doncafter, (Hindman, Dyer’s court, (Tfaaca, Bevis Alphabetical List of Bankruptcies. (Heelis, Stae Lingard J. Manchefter, cottun merchant. Ple’sinny and Nabb, Manchefter Macaqicy and J. Oldfield, Liverpool, merchants, (allifun, Huddersfield, and Walker. Lincoln's inn Maclaren ', Edgware road, iron found Wi Staple’s inn kK bat Te Medley G, Colicge hill, warehoufeman, (Pearce and Son, Swithin’s lane, Cannon ftreet Mefnil C. Sackville frect, vintner. _ fticet, Oxford ftreet Mildrum G. ‘liverton. Devon, draper. (Rendall, Tiveee _ tons and Lys, Took’s court, Chancery lane Mildrum T. K. Totnes, Devon, linen draper. {(Brutoa New Milliman ftreet, Brunfwick fquare, and Brutton (Moore, Woodftock a Exeter organ ‘WW. Neath, Glamorgan, innkeeper, i Staple’s inn, and Moran, Neath ie ieee Morris L. Caraitf, merchant. (Meyrick, Merthyr, Glamorgan, and Jenkins, Jones, and Abbott, New inn Murdock R. Falmouth, fhopkeeper. (Shéphard ané _ Adlington, Bedford row, and James, Brittol Nicholls J, Lane De!ph, Stafford, victualler. _ Fetter Jane. nnd Aftbury. Stune Nixon W. Carlifle, dyer, (Fothergill,. Cliford’s ina, and Petty. Kendal ; Northmore R. Bedminfter, Somerfet. viCtualler, {Tare rant, Clarke, ang Richards, Chancery lane, and Habcre field, Erittol Oddie W. Liverpool, merchant. (Blackftock, Temple, (Blackburns, Leede, (Barber, and Wallworth, Liverpool Oddy J. Leeds, York, clotnier. _abd sykes and Knowles, New Inn Ogilvie (. and W. Mac Neilie, Liverpoel, foap mansface turers. (Ayifon, Liverpool Porkin T. and T. Scobeil, Broad ftreet, London, mere chants. (Palmer, Vomlinfuns, aud Thomion, Cope thall court Parry D. Liverpool, merchant. (Lace, Liverpool, Rar« Paes) dibnpadneed ie frreet, and Atkinfon and Co. Chane cery laine Parry T. Salford, Manchefter, cotton fpinner. (Chef thyre and Walker, Manchefter Patterfon A, T. and J, M. Maloneck, Liverpool, merchants. (Staniftreer and kdeny Liverpool ana Windie, johm ftreet, Becford row Phillips G. Deritend, Birmingham umbrella makers, (Bodfield, Hinde court, Fleet ftreety and Maucficy, Sirmingham Phillips 4. Worthiag, wine merchant. (Harle, Cloak lanes Cheapfice Powel) T. Malpas. Monmouth, timber merchany (Platt, Tempie, and Prothero, Jun. Newport, Mon- Price J.B. hb I i (Worth Caftle & Price J. Rathbone place, tailor. (Wortham, Caftle fr. Holborn i i nr Profler: H. London, matter mariner, (Pearce, Kirby ftreet, Hatton Garden Pyer J. and J, Payne, &riftol druggifts. ion fyuare, ana Coruith, Briftol Rathborn J. Greenwich carpenter. Raworth W. Birmingham, grocer. Brown, Briftol > Reea J. Prendwick, Northumberland, dealer, (Mege Bifon and Fairbank, Hatton Garden, and Fenwick, Newcastle upon !yne Sanderfon W. King ftreet, Sampfon's gardens, dealer. (Highmoor ana Young, Buth lane, Cannon freer Scholes R. Darcy Lever, Lancafter, innkeeper, ({Boad- many, Bolton, and Medduwcrott, Gray’s inn Scott J. Fauningley: Notts, butcher. . (Larabert, Grays ~ “inn fquare, and Cartwright, wawtry Sharrock T. Prefton, Lancatter, thopkeeper. (james, Bucklersbury Shelton E. Great Grimsby, Lincoln, brandy merchant (Daubney, Grimsby, and Grey, Holborn court, Gray’ inn Sherrington H. G. and L. Cooper and J. Young, Heapyy Lancatter, whititers. (Boaréman, Boiton, and Med- dowcroft, Gray sinn Schoofmith J. Petworth, Suffex, faddler. ftrcet, Strand (James, Gray"s (Pearfon, Temple {Hurd, lemple, sad (Huot, Surry Shuttlefworth W. Dartfurd, Kent, victualier. (Bushy, » Symond’s inn Slaney M. Shitfnal, Salop, money fcrivener. (Pressiana and Munn, Brunfwick Square, and Pritchard, Brofeley Sloper M. Bathwick. somerfet. (Taylor, Highmoore and. Young, Bufh lane, Cannon ftrect, and Wingate, Bath Smallriage VV. Ledbury. Hereford, malfter. (Pewtrifs, Gray’s inn, and Reece, Ledbury Spencer J. Collyhurtt, l.ancafter, brewer. (Hewitt and Kirk, Manchefter, and Ellis, Chancery lane . Stapley Ts Tunbridge Wells, butcher. (Blandford Temple Stones W. Queen ftreetr, Cheapfide, merchant. (Cuge page ana Rice, Jermyn ttreet e Stoner T. Officy patk mill, Stafford, miller. (Morris, . Newport, Salop, and senbow and Nope, Lincoln’s inn ‘ Btooke W. 3t. Pancras, baker. [Cleife, Exeter, and Blakelock and Makinfon, Temple : Stych J. Frimfarren, Carmarthen, woolftapler. (Heelis, staple’s inn, and Burges, Britol Swallow J. Crown court, Threadneedle ftreet, Ruffia broe ker. (aseks, Weliclofe fquare Sylvetter P. Wantage Berks, tanner, CRullen, Crowo court, Alderigate rect Thomas 372 Thomas P. Hatfield ftreet, Surry, (mith. merton, Limedtinect ‘Topham T. Mancheiter merchant. C Rigg, Hatton Gar- deo, dewitt and Kirk, Mancheiter, and Rudgers, Sheffield Turnell W. Lower Smith ftreet. Northampton fyuarey Middlefex, corn dealer { Rhodes, Cook, and rand- ley St. James's Wayk. Clerkenwell Turner T, Walworth, builder. [Clutton, St. Thomas’s 2 ttreet, Southwark Venn H.jun Walworth, upholterer, ftrert, Southwark Vine T. jut. Brighton, grocer. Webb |. Sheernefs, flopfeiler. Chi}ton, Chencery lane Wells W. jun. Bradford, York, grocer, mn - Wel R. Liverpool timber dealer. —-(Dlackflock, Temple, _and Clements, Liverpuol Wefttuke J. Upper Kinefton, Hants, maliter. ( Blake, Couk’s court, Carey frcet, aud Galitwin, Ringwood ,Wefton J. | iverpool. merchanr. (ohephard and Adling- on Bedford row, and Dultera and Popham, Livers ; peo 4 Whitehead J. and J. Liverpoul, brewers, ‘remple,and Wallworth, Civerpool : Whitworth W. Sowerby, York. cotton manufacturer {Cardale and Spear, Gray’s inn, and Edwards, Hae hifax Wi kins J. Barnet, tallow chandler, wn Wilkinfon G, Wapping, failmaker. [Annefley and Ben- nett, Copthali court, Throgmorton ftreet : Wilfon ‘Vv. Higham, Suffolk, miller. (Chapman and Ste- vens, St. Mildred’s court, Poultry Woodward J. Birmingham, hardwareman. (Foulkes, Langford, and Walford, Southampron ftreet, Covent ({ Day and Ha- (Ware, Blackman CCoote, AuRin Priars Cs;lvefter, ‘heernefs. and [Shaw, ‘Staple’s [Blackftuck, CJudkin, Clifford’s Garden Wright C, Wolverhampton, Stafford, malfters [Jeffon, Wolverhampton Young J. Frome Selwood, Somerfer. clothier. (wit- jiamsy Red Lion fyuare, and Williams and Bush, Trowbridge, Wilts ; DIVIDENDS ANNOUNCED. \Anderfou J. Dean freet, Soho, piano-forte maker, April 30 Andrews T. Bafinghall ftreet, Blackwell-hali facor, April 27 / Atkins J. Norwood, dealer in cattle, May 4 Atkinfon J. Rawdon, York. grocery Apri! 27 Arkiufon J. Clevely Mill, Lancathire, miller, May 23 Batcuck J. Paternofter row, bookfeller, April 13 Bailey J. Long Acre, lace manutacturery April 27 Beatie J. Longtown, Cumberland, drapery April 17 Be ge J- Greville ftreet, Hatton Garden, painter, ay Bevan Fewatdea coover, May t Biliett G. City road. medicine vender, May 25 ish J+ and J. Luerfen, Hoxton, colour manufacturers, ay7 $ Bird Te MancheRer’ cotten merchant, April 29 Bloxam Sir M. Gracechurch ftreet, banker, April 16 Bloxam SirM., T. Wilkinfon, and W. Bloxam, Gracechurch ftreet, bankers, April 6 Bonner F. H. Fleer ftreet. flationer, April 20 Boone J. Piccadiily, hat haberdafher, May 4 Bovil B. Catherine courr, Tower hill, corn faétor, April 30 “Bowler E. Edgeware, baker, May 18 Bradley A. Strand, vmbreJla maker, April 27 Brockbank F. Ulverfione, D. Wilton, j. Gillefpy, and J. Taylor, Maryport, cotton mapufatturers, April 22 Brook j. Stowmarket, cabinet maker, Apr’l 27 Brooker J. ©. Poultry, haberdafher, May 7 Cann R. Frith ftreet, soho, painter, May 4 lay R. Hackney, merchants May 7 Claypole E. Chatham, flopfelier, May 4 NY Y+y and j. H. Tritton, Lombard ftreet, bankers, May 11 olwill C. Leicefter fyuare. cabinet maker, May 18 Compere T. St. Albans. erocer, Apri! 27 Couke I. Grayefend, carpenter, May 25 ‘Corber L. Cheltenham, dealer, April26 Cowcher W. P, and T. Fenoulhe:, Clement’s lane, Lombard tlieet, dealers, May 4 Pete G. Church ftreet, Chrift Church, Surry, millwright, ay 4 citer T. and W. Poplar. ftonemafons, May 13 Cuifler J. Eait treet, Red Lion square, upholder, April 20 eo Williamfon, and R, Clay, Arnoid, Notts, hofiers, \pril 24 ’ Davenport T. Derby, linen draper, May 7 Davenport J. and j. Finney, Aidermanbury, merchants, April 30 Davies J. Lecburyy Hereford, earthenware many May 25 Davy M. Holt, Norfolk, grocer, April15, May 13 Deakin R. Manchefter, dealer, Ma De Charmijly. P. T. V, Somerfet @reet, Portman fyuare, coal merchant, April 50 Dennifon W. Wanterbourne, Stapicion, Dorfet, butchery May 7 Dickenfon W. fen. T. Goodall, and W. Dickenfon, jun. _ bankers, May i8 Dist Chapel place, South Audley ftreet, tailor, pril 13 " Didier P. dud W. Tebbett, St. James’s frect, bookfellers, pril so P ; Dinfdale }. Hull, dealer, April 16 Dolefor J, Liverpool, merchant, April 2p y a aes Alphabetical List of Bankruptcies and Dividends. [May 1, : Ga met Dollman S. and W. Banks, Poultry, hatters, April2g Dowling H. Caf e treet, linen draper May 4 van Dei ny W. Canterbury, vittjatler, April 2o Duffy T. Mancheiter., manufacturer, May 7. Dumvile T. C Shefford, Beds draper, April 24 Eccles i. Beverley, York, corn factor, April ag i Edwards Ss. Mark lane, merchant, Aprilzo Edwards T. Duck’s-foot lane, Uppsr Thames treet, cottom manufacét rer. May 4 England. W. Litvle Wallingham, Norfolk, fhopkeepers May 2 * ’ Evans T. Coventry ftreet, linen draper, May 4 : Felton J, Wet Thurrock, Effex, baker, April 23 , 4 Fleming H. Kanway ftreery Oxford firecty jeweller, April2y 4 Flinde:s J. Notungham, hofier, Aprilag Francis J. and }. J. Rochetter, plumbers, April 27 Gairaner J., E., and A. Cannon ttreet, merchantsy May 7,48 German j, SJdermanbury, hofiey, May 4 G:bfon R. Leiceier ftreet, viétual er, April 27 Gillam J.Cambridge, merchant, May 6 ’ Geodwin W. Gofport, baker, May 3, 29 Greaves T. Kull, ironmonger, May 14 Kile Green W. Brown’s lane, Spitalfields, dyer, April 20 Green W, Vauxhall, dealer April 70 Groom C. Blackman ftreet, haberdafher, May 7 Hamilton C. Windfor, linen draper, May 15 . Havbury C. Catherine court, Tower hill, corn fattory April 30 Hancock J. Sheffield, merchant, April 29 Harring‘on T, Crown ftreet, Soho, trunk maker, May 4 Haywood J, Wood ftrect, Cheapfide, woollen drapery May 7 Henderton W. Paternofter row, draper, April 30 Heydon J. York treet, Covent Garden, April jo Hitchen W. St. Peters Hill, whalebone merchant, May 2t Hook J. Bermondfey New road, yviétuallery April 20 : Horiman E. and J. Chipping Camden, Gloutckerthireg bankers. May 9 Horfh J. Norwich, upholder, May 4 Hoskin R. Croydon, linendraper, May 11 Houlden Ry Borougin, linea deaper, May 1 Howlana T. Thame, Oxford, carriers April 30 | Hubert M, Liverpool, dealerand chapman. April-13 Hudfon H. Newgate itrect, tavern keeper, April 27 Hughes Ste and C. sevecke, Bifhopfgate Mreet,. drapersy pral go att Hullsh R, A. Moorfields, autioneer, May y - Humphreys M. Brittal, brewer, April 27 av atete J» Queen ftreet, Gulden fquarey unet Hunter W. G. Tflington, under writer, May 7 Huntiman M. and A. Louth, Lincoln, millinersy May 1¢ Huxley T. C. Liverpoo), grocery May 18 Inglis J. Billiter fquare. merchant, May 4 ~ Irwin J. Church court, Clement's lane, merchant, May 18. Jackfon W. Liverpool, grocer, April 25 Jackion J. W. Liverpool, drytulter, May 7 “ Jarritt, G. Piccadi'ly, hatter, May 4 Jones W. Y. Liverpuol, flour dezier, April 25 Keyfe T. and ¢. P. Wyatt, Langbourne Ward Chambersy merchants, April13 King J. avd W. E. Covent Garden, filk mercersy May 7 ‘ Kinfey W. Oxford ftreet, coach maker, March 30 Kirkpatrick J. Liverpool, merctia t, Maytag - Knight J. B. Fore treet, cheefemonger, April 20 Lance C. Grosyénor place, taker Apvil 13 ‘ Lande A. Leadenhall treet, hardwareman, May 4 Lawcon £. Mark lané, merchant, May4 .s Lee J. Lewes, jinen draper, May 25 Le Neve G. L. Ipfwich, draper, April 27 oom Lewis R.R.and J. jackfon, strand, filk mercers, April 36 Lichigary S. and M. Dunstord, Bafinghall ftrect, merchants, style ; . iv 1 Like T. Oid Brompton, builder, May 7 b Loat |W. Litde Ormond ftrect, Queen: fyuarey plaiererg ay 4 Luxton ). Exeter, linendraper, April27. tw Lyon J. Richmovd, Surry, fadier, April go ry pai Maffet W. Wootton-under-Eage, Gloucthter, linen drapery April23. : ’ . t Maitland D. New Bridge ftreet, merchant, June if Malcolm W. Watling ftreety warehoulemarn, May 18 Malone W. Birmingham, tailor, April27 Manning J. \amptwich, Chefhire, drapery May 16 Mark P. Plymouth Dock, linen draper, May 4 _ Markham E. Honeylane Market, butcher, April 30 Martinnant P. St. James's ftree., wareboufemab, May re Mayrivg ©. Manchefter. merchant, April o M’Camiey &. Liverpool, merchant, Apribeg M™’ onala J. Woolwich, viétualier, Xpril 30 Mecfun E. Aldermanbury, who.efale linen drapery, May 7 M’ Nair A. Abchurch Jane, merchant, Aprila3 Moon C.,Southampton, druggilt, May 1 Moore H. Bromley, Kent. tailor, April 30 ~ Morgan J. Coppice row, Clerkenwell. viétyaller, April 20 Mois j. jn. Newbury, Berks, timber dealer; April 23 , Nicholfon G. Q een hrreet, Bloomibury, cealer, June 2£ Nicholfon J. St. Giles’s, bockfeller, May 21. Norbusn W. High Holborn, |i en arapér, Apri} 30 P Ogilvy W. jun.’ G. Myine, and ). Chalmers, Jeffrey’s fquare, merchanis, May 7 Ord W. and J. Ewbank, ‘Monkwearmouth Shore, Durham, mercersy April 29 Paget D. Leicetiér, grocer, April go ~ 4 . Paimer R. Carleton Rede, Norfolk, miller, April 24 Paiker J. Gunthorpe, Norfolk, merchant, ApMl 15, May 13 © Perkins =. . tailorg” t -. 1811.7 Perkins C. Swanfea, fiopkeeper, May 4 Pickwood G.Cloak lane wine merchant, April 13 Pratt M. Darlirg-on, Durhatin. druggift, April 27 Rawlinfyn A. and T. Bagat, Liverpool, merchants, April 13 . Richardfun J.and J. Sanderfon, Kent, farmers, April 6; rc Richardtan W.,R., and C. S. Bell, Newcaftle upon Tyne, Merchants, May 14 Riddelftorftér G. A. White Chapel, linen draper, May 4 Robinfon W. Little Barohurft, Stafford, butcher, April 29 Room W. Shaw Hill, Wilts, serge maker, May 4 Rofs H. Hull, merchant, April 16 J Rutt T. Dalfton, Middictex, (tock broker, May 4 Sauders R. Croycon, cow keeper, April 30 Sarqui A. J. Bury tireet, merchant, April 23 Scales W, Hull. merchant, May lq : Scott T, fen. and jun. and VD. Scort,Carthorpe, York, grocers, April27. - y Slater T. Leicefter, grocer. April 20 Stainsby J. Cornhill, woollen drapcr, May 18 ‘ €trickiaid J. Stourport, Worcetrer, fkinver, April > Bwajne R. J., E., H., J. and H. Ramsbottom, Halifax, merchants, April 3° \ Taylor 1. Great Tower ftreet, woollen draper, April 30 Weidemian W, fea. and jiy, Portfinouth, tavern keepers, May 14 _ State of Public Affuirs in April 873 * Tilt W. White Lion treet, Pentonville, merehant, Apijl 23 Troutheck C. Rathbone place, npholferery April 39 Turpin J. Upper Tootingssurry, corn dealer, Aprilgo, Villars C, Condit ftreet, New Bond ftreety millinery April 30 . Walmfley S. Ormikirky Lancafter, brewer, May 17 Wa:d M. Gofport, ipirit merchant, May 3, 29 Ward R, Old ttveet, vidtuailer, April 27 Warmington W. Colyto , Devon. lime-burner, April 30 Webb J. Great Port.and ftreet, hatter, April 20 Webb T. Herefurd, flax drefier, May Wheeler W, Bath, carpenter, April 22 White T. jun. Stroud, Kent, coal merchant, April 30 Whittingham W. Lytin, Norfoik, printer, Aprilzo Wilcock J, and E., and A. Frazer, Exéter, bankers, MayZ Williams A. Cheltenham, jeweller, May 18 Willis J.» G, M, Jukes, J. G, Jackfur, and J. Langley, — Salisbury fquare, merchants, May 29 Wilfon H., and J. Lightfoot, Notingham, -hoficrs, Aprilsg Winch N, J. Newcattle upon Tyne, merchant, Aprilzo Winnictt B, Margaret ftreet, Caverdith fquare, ftock broker, May 25 Wollafon J. and F. Upjohn, Holborn bridge, diftilfers; May 7 Wood J. Hexham. carrier, May 13 : Wright R, Watling frreet, warehoufeman} May 18 i Wright ‘at fen, Graige road, Be.mondiey, brick'ayer, April 13. STATE OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS IN APRIL, Containing official Papers and authentic Deguments, ud Sa GREAT BRITAIN. pi ats last thirty days have been dis- _& tinguished by a succession of car- tage in the countries the seat of war, highly flattering, however, to the courage, skill, and prowess, of the British arinies. The retreat of Massena out.of Portu- gal, which he entered six months before at the head of one hundred: thousand men, is an event which. crowns with glory the generalship of Lord Wellington, The’ French armies were’ reduced to 45,000 men, and’ were literally starved into a retreat. The British and Portu- guese troops closely pursued them to Guarda, on the Spanish frontier. In its military character the retreat was well conducted ; but most disgraceful to the French general’s army and character,-as far as regards the Portuguese habitants found in the route. These unhappy people, of all ranks, conditions, and ages, have, it appears, been wantonly murdered er mutilated, their houses have been burnt, their cattle, crops, and imple- ments of agriculture, destroyed. In re. turn, little or no quarter was given to the captured French, many hundreds of whom fel] victims to the infamous. policy of their commanders, who have thus con- yerted the name of French soldiers into ‘ , that of butchers of mankind, - Hitherto the French have had to con. _ tend with -cowardly and il-disciplined Ttaliaris,-with tame antt’spiritless Ger- mans, with brutal Russians, and Siberian slaves; but they are now brought fairly into combat with freemen and disciplined warriors, the posterity of the victors of Cressy and Agincourt, and the conse- quence is their disgrace and discomfiture, ” Moytaty Mas. No. 212, Marshal Beresford, at the head of 25,000 British and Portuguese, has in the south-east advanced to Badajoz, and he-there threatens: the rear of the French army employed in the hopeless siege. of Cadiz... The French marshal Victor is indeed in danger of suffering the fate of -Dupont’s. army in the mountains of Cor- dova, The Spanish nation, in defence of its freedom, seems once more likely to render its soil the grave of its invaders, Here the best blood of the Carthaginians, Ro- mans, and Saracens, was expended in long and fruitless wars, and all Germany and Italy was conquered: with less loss to France than she has suffered in every province during her ‘wanton and malig- nant invasion of the Spanish peninsula.— May the issue bring the French and other governments to their senses; and may the folly, misery, and wickedness, of war- fare and foreign conquest, be so feit as to lead to a speedy, solid, and lasting, peace, during which. the. nations may heal their wounds, and forget their ani- mosities ! Downing-street, April 9, 1811. Dispatel.es, of which the following are extracts, were this morning received at Lord Liverpocl’s Office, addressed to his Lordship by Lieutenant-General Vis- count Wellington, dated Olivera del’Ho-« pital, 21st March: . - The enemy suffered much more in the af- fair of the 15th than I was aware of when I addressed you on the 18th instant; the firing was not.over till dark, and it’ appears that great numbers were drowned in attempting to ford the Ceira, The enemy withdrew his rear guard from that river in the course of the 16th, and we cr ssed iton the 37th, and 3B had *- ' man 37% fad our potts on the Sierra de Murcella 3 the enemy’s army being ina strong position on the right of the Alva. They moved a part of thejr army on that night, but still main- tained their position on the Alva, of which rive they destroyed the bridges. We turned their left by the Sierra de Santa, the light division and the 6th man@uvred in their front from the Sierra de Murcella; these movements induced the enemy to bring back ‘to thé Sierra de Moita the troops which had marched the preceding night, at the same time that they retired their corps from the Alva, and in the evening their whole army were assembled upon the Moira, and the ad- vanced posts of our right were near Arganil, those of our left acrossthe Alva. The ene- my retired from the position of Moita in the night of the 12th, and have continued their yetreat with the utmost rapidity ever since; and [ inrdgine their rear-guard witl be at Ce- lerico this day. We assembled the army mpon the Sierra de Moita on the 19th, and “eur advanced posts are this day beyond the Rinhancos. j April 9. On the 97th of March the Danes in- waded che island of Anholt, but were re- pulsed with great loss, in the way de- ‘ scribed in the following extract of a let- -ter from Captain Maurice to Sir James $aumarez, dated Fort Yorke, Island of ‘Anholt, 27th March, 1811. ’ Sir—I reported to you in my letter of the 40th ult. my having reccived information of “an intended attack on this island, by the Danes. On the 8th instant I received.a cor- yoboratien of this intelligence, but as every vexertion had been made. to compleat the works as well as our materials would allow, wand as picquets were nightly stationed from _one extreme of the island to the other, in . .erder to prevent surprize, I waited with con- fidence the meditated attack. : Yesterday his Majesty's ship Tartar an- ehored on the north side of theisland. The énemy’s flotilla and army, consisting in all ef nearly 4000 men, have ‘this day, after a close combat of four hours anda half, re. eciveda most compleat and decisive defeat, and are fled back to their ports, with the loss of three pieces of cannon, and upwards ‘ef 500 prisoners, a number grcater by 150 than the garrison I command. , I am now to detail the proceedings of the @ay. Inthe morning jutt before dawn, the gut picquets on the south side of the island made the signal for the enemy’s being in sight. The garrison was immediately put under arms, and I lost not a moment in proceeding with the brigade of bowitzers and 200 In- fantry, accompanied by Captain Torrens {who had hitherto acted as Major Com- dant to the battalion) inorder to oppose their landing. On ascending on glevat.on, State of Public Affairsin April: nee FAR Oey, = [May t; for the purpose of reconnoitrihg, I discovered the landing had already been effected, under the cover of darkness and a fog, and that the ene- my were advancing rapidly and in great numbers, . On both wings the enemy now far out-flanked us, and [ saw that if we conti- nued to advance they would get between u® and our works ; I instantly ordered a retreat, which was effected in good order, and with- out loss, although the enemy were within pistol-shot of our rear, and seemed determin- ed to enter our batteries by storm ; but Fort Yorke and Massarcen batteries opened such a well directed fire of grape and musquetry» that the assailants were obliged to fall back and shelter themselves under the Sand Hills, As the day lightened we perceived that the enemy’s flotilla, consisting of 18 gun-boats, had taken up a position on the south Side of the island at point-blank shot, [ ordered the signal to be made tothe ‘Tartar and Shel- drake that the enemy had landed, upon which these vessels immediately weighed, and un- der a heavy press of sail used every endeavour to eat up the south side, but the extent of shoals threw them out so many miles, that it was some hours before their intention coald be accomplished. The gun-boats now open- ed a very heavy fire on our works, while a column of about 600 men crossed the island to the westward, and toele up a position on the northern shore, covered by hiilocks of sand, by breaks and inequality of ground, Another column made many attempts, to carry the Massarcene battery by storm, bus were so oftenrepulsed, and compelled to co- ver themselves under hillocks of sand, which on this island are thrown up by every gale. The column on the south side had now suc- ceeded in bringing up a field piece against us, and Captain Holtoway, whio had commanded at the advanced posts, joined us by water. £ had been under great apprehension that thia officer had fallen into the hands of the ene my; but finding, after several gallant at- tempts, that he was cut off from reaching head-quarters by land, he, with the coolest judgment, launched a boat, and landed his party under Fort Yorke amidft the acclama- tions of the garrison. Immediately after- wards Lieut. H. L. Baker, who, with Lieut. Turnbull, of the. Royal Marines, and some brave volunteers, had in the Anholt schooner, gone on the daring enterprise of destroying the enemy’s flotilla in his ports, bore down along the north side of the island. “Phings were in this position when the column. on the northern shore, which divided by tha sand hills, had approached within 50 paces of our lines, made another desperate effort ta carry the Massareéne battery by storm; the column to the south east also pushed on, and the reserve appéared onthe hills ready to support them; but while their Commander ‘was leading on his men with gallantry, a musket-ball put a peciod to his life. Panic truck 1811.) struck the enemy fled behind the sand hills. At this critical momesat Lieut. Baker ane chored his vessel on their flank, and opened a well directed fire. The sand hills being n6 longer a protection, and finding it impossible either to advance or retreat, the enemy hung out a flag of truce, and offered to surrender upon terms; but I would listen to nothing but an unconditional surrender, which, after gome deliberation, was complied with. In the mean time the gun-boats of the south side, which had been much galled by the fire of Fert Yorke and Massareene bat- ‘tery, got under weigh, and stéod to the west- ward, and the column of the enemy which had advanced on the south side, finding their wetreat no longer covered by the flotilla, also hung out a flag of truce, I sent out an officer to meet it. I was asked to surrender; the re- ply that I returned it is unnecessary to men- tion. The enemy finding my determination, sought permission to embark without moles- tation; but I would listen to nothing but an unconditional submission, and I have the pleasure to inform you, that this corps also aid down their arms and surrendered them- selves prisoners of war. The prisoners which were now more’ numerous than my small garrison, were no sooner secured, than upe- rations were commenced against the reserve, which had been seen retreating to the west- ward of the island. I took the field with Major Torrens (who though wounded in- sisted un accompanying me) and Lieutenant and Adjutant Steele ; but, as our prisoners were so numerous, and as we had no place of security in which to place them, 1 could only employ on this occasion the brigade of howitzers. When we arrived at the west end of the island, we found that the enemy had formed on the beach,and were protected by fourteen gun-boats towed close to the shore ; to attack such a force, with four howitzers and 40 men, seemed a useless sacrifice of brave men’s lives; IJ, therefore, with the advice of Major Torrens halted on the hills, while I reluctantly saw the reserve etnbarked under the cover of the gun-boats, and the flotilla took a final leave of the island. Iam happy to say our loss has not been so considerable as might have been expected from fo’ desperate an attack, we having only two killed and ‘ thirty wounded. The enemy have suffered severely. lam happy to add, the property belonging to the merchants has been’ fully protected, without meeting with the least loss, Thave the honour to be, &c. , i+ J. W. Maurice, Commandant, Killed.--Guesta Brachio, serjeant; Anthony Locke, private. ~ oral killed and wounded— 32. J. W: Mavricr, State of Public Affairs in Apra. A London Gazette extraordinary of Sunday, April 7th, contains the particu- lars of the important retreat of Massena, in a letter from Lord WELLINGTON. Villa Seca, March 14,1811. The enemy retired from their position which they had occupied at Santarem and the neighbourhood, in the night of the Sth inst. I putahe British army in motion to-follow them on the morning of the 6th. Their first movements indicated an intention to collect. a force at Thomar, andI therefore marched upon that town, on the 8th, a considerable body of troops, formed of a part of Marshal Sir W. Beresford’s corps, under major-general the Hon. Wm. Stewart, which had crossed the Tagus at Abrantes, and afterwards the Ze- zere, and of the 4th and 6th and part of the 1st divisions of infantry, and two brigades of Bywtish cavalry. The enemy however con- tinued his march towards the Mondego, hav- ing one corps, the 2d, on the road of Espin- hel ; General Loison’s division on the road of Anciao, and the remainder of the army to- wards Pombal. These last were followed and never lost sight of by the light division and the Royal Dragoons and the 1st Hussars, whe took from them about 200 prisoners. On the 9th the enemy collected in front of Pombal the 6th corps, with the exception of Gefreral Loison’s division, the 8th corss, and the 9th corps, and General Montbrun’s divi- sion of cavalry. The hussars, which, with the royal dragoons and light division, were immediately in front of the enemy’s army, distinguished themselves in a charge which they made on this occasion under the com- mand of Colonel Arenschidlt. A detachment of the 16th light dragoons under Lieut. Wey- land, which had been in observation of the enemy near Leyria, made prisoners a dee tachment, consisting of 50 dragoons, on that morning, and had followed the enemy from Leyria, and arrived on the ground just in time to assist their, friends the hussars in this charge. I could not collect a sufficient body of troops to commence an operation upon the enemy til] the i1th. On that day the Ist, 3d, 4th, 5:h, and 6th, and the light divisions of infantry, and General Pack’s bri-’ gade, andallthe British cavalry joined uponthe ground immediately in front of the enemyy who had commenced their retreat from theie’ position during the night. They were fol- lowed by the light division, the hussars and royals, and Brigadier General Pack’s brigade, under the command of Major General Sir Wm. Erskine, and Major General Slade, and made an attempt to hold the ancient castle of Pombal, from which they were driven; but the 6th corps and General Montbrun’s ‘cayalry, which formed the rear guard, supported by the 8th cotps, held the ground on the other side of the town, the troops not having are rived in time to complete dispositions to attack them before it was dark, Upon this nh 4) by: ‘ eccasion S76 vecasion, Lieut, Colonel Elder’s battalion of Portuguese cagadores distinguished them- selves. The enemy retired in the night ; and on the 12th the 6th corps, with General Montbrun’s cavalry, took up a strong position at the end of a defile between Redina and Pombal, with their right in a wood upon the Soure river, and their left extending towards the nigh ground above the river of Redinha. This town was in their rear. I attacked them in this position on the 12th with the 3d and 4th light divisions of infantry, and Brigadier General Pack’s brigade and the cavalry, the other troops being in reserve. The post in the wood upon their right was first forced by Sir William Erskine with the light division, ' We were then able to form the troops in the plain beyond the defile; and the 3d division under Major-Gen. Picton were formed in two lines in the centre, having Gen. Pacle's brigade supporting their right, and communicating with the 3d division ; and the light division in two lines on the left. These troops were supported in the rear by the British cavalry, and the 1st, 5th, and 6th, divisions, were in reserve. The troops were formed with great accuracy and celerity, and Lieutenant General Sir B. Spencer led the line against the enemy’s position on the heights, from which they were immediately driven, with the loss of many men killed and wounded, and some prisoners, Major-General Sir William Erskine particularly mentioned the conduct of the 52d regiment, and Colonel Elder’s ca- cadores, in the attack of the wood; andl must add that I have never seen the French infantry driven from a wood in a more gallant style. There was but one narrow bridge, and 4 ford close to it, over the Redinha river, aver which our light troops passed with the enemy, but as the enemy commanded these passages with cannon, some time elapsed be- fore we could g&ss over a suflicient body of troops to make a fresh disposition to attack the heights on which they had again taken post. The 3d division crossed, however, and maneuvred again upon the enemy’s left flank while the light infantry and cavalry, sup- ported. by the light division, drove them upon their main body at Condeixa. The light infantry of Major-General Picton’s division, under Lieut.-col. Williams, and the 4th ca. gadores, under Colonel de Regoa, were prin- cipally concerned in this operation, We found the whole army yesterday, with the exception of the second corps, which was still at Espinhel, ina very strong position at Con- detxa ; and I obsetved that they were sending their baggage by the road of Ponte de Mur~ cella. , From this circumstance 1 concluded that Col. Trant had not given up Coimbra ; and that, they had not been able to detach troops to force him from the place. I there- fore marched the 3d division, under Major- General Picton, through the mountains upon the enemy’s left, towards the only road open for their retreat; which had the immediate hp \ State of Public Affairs in April. ll ne (May, effect of dislodging them from the strong: position of Condeixa ; and the enemy en- camped last night at Cazal Nova in the moun’ains, about a league. from Condeixa. We immediately comniunicated with Co- imbra, and made prisoners a detachment of the enemy’s cavalry which were upon the road. We found the 6th and Sth corps formed in avery strong position near Cazal Nova this morning, and the light division attacked and drove in their out-posts. But we. could dis- lodge them from their positions only by movements on, their flanks. Accordingly I moved the 4th division under Major-General Cole, upon Panella, in order to secure the passage of the river Esa, and the communica tion with Espinshal, near which place Major- General Nightingall had been in observation of_ the movements of the 2d corps since the 10th; and the 3d division, under Major- General Picton, more immediately round the enemy’s left, while the light division and Brigadier-General Pack’s brigade, under Ma» jor-General Sir W. Erskine, turned. their right; and Major. General Alexander Camps bell, with,the 6th division, supported the light troops, by which they were attacked in front. These troops were supported by the cavalry, and by the 1st and Sth divisions, and Colonel Ashworth’s brigade in reserve. These movements obliged the enemy to abandon all the positions which they succes- sively took in the mountains, and the two corps d?arm¢e composing the rear.guard were flung back upon the main body at Miranda de Corvo, upon the river Esa, with considerable loss of killed, wounded, and prisoners. In the operations of this day, the 43d, 52d, and 95th regiments, and 3d cacadores, under the command of Colonels Drummond and Beck- with, and Matrickson, Lieut.-Colonel Ross, and Majors Gilmour and Stewart, particularly distinguished themselves ; as also the light in- fantry battaliens of General Picton’s division under Lieutenant-Colonel Williams, and the 4th cacadores under Colonel de Regoa, and the treops of horse artillery under the com- mand of Captains Ross andBull, The result of these operations has been that we have saved Coimbra and Upper Beira from the enemy’s ravages, and we haye opened the communications with the northern provinces, and we have obliged the enemy to take for their retreat the road by Ponte de Murcella, in which they may be aunoyed by the militia’ acting in security upon their flank, while the allied army will press upon their rear. The whole country, however, affords many'advan- tageous positions to a retreating army, of which the enemy haveshewn they know how to avail themselves. . — * They are retreating from the country as they entered it, in one solid mass: covering’ their rear on every march by the operations: of either one or two corps d’ armée, in the strong positions which the country affords; which A8il.]° Incidents and Marriages invand near London. which corps d’ armée, are closely supported by the main body, Before they quitted their position they destroyed a part of their cannon and ammunition 5 and they have since blown up whatever che horses were unable to draw away. ‘They have no provisions excepting what they plunder on the spot; or having plundered, what the soldiers carry on their backs; and live cattle. I am concerned to be obliged to add to this account, that their Conduct throughout this retreat has been marked by a barbarity seldom equalled, and Never surpassed. Even in the towns of Torres Novas, Thomar, and Pernes, in which the head-quarters of some of the corps had been for four months, and in which the inha- hitants had been induced by promises of good treatment to remain, they were plundered, and many. of their houses destroyed on the night the enemy withdrew from their po- Sitton, and they have since burnt. every town and village through which they have passed. The convent of Alcobaca was’ burnt by order from the French head-quarters. The Bishop’s Palace, and the whole town of Leyria, in which General. Drouet had had his head- quarters, shared the same fate ; and there is not an inhabitant of the country of any. class or description, who has had any dealing er communication with the French army, who has not had reason to repent of it, and to complain of them. This is the mode in which the promises - haye-been performed and the.assurances have been fulfilled, which were held out in the Proclamation of the French Commander-in- 377 Chief: in which he told the inhabitants of Portugal, that he was not come to make war upon them, but, with a powerful army of one hundred and-ten thousand men, to drive the English into the sea. It is to be hoped that the example of what has occurred in this country, will teach the’ people of this and of other nations what value they ought to place on such promises and assur= ances, and that there is no security for life or for any thing which renders life valuable, excepting in decided resistance to the enemy. L have the honour to enclose returns of killed and wounded in the several affairs with the enemy since they commenced their retreat. I have received the most able and cordial assistance throughout these operations from Lieutenant-General Sir Brent Spencer and Marshal Sir W. Beresford, whom I had ree quested to cross the Tagus, and who haa been with me since the 11th instant; from Major-Generals Sir W. Erskine; Picton, Cole, and Campbell, Major General Slade, and Major-General the Hon. C. Colville, and the general and other officers. command- ing brigades under their orders respectively, I am particularly indebted to the Quarter-: Master General Colohel Murray for the as-~ sistance I have received from him, and the Deputy Adjutant-General the Hon. Colonel Pakenham, and the Officers of the Adjutant and Quarter-Master General’s departments, as also to those of my personal staff, wha have given me every assistance in; their power. WELLINGTON. pe rrreere e INCIDENTS, MARRIAGES, anp DEATHS, rn anp nEAR LONDON: With Biographical Memoirs of distinguished Characters recently deceased, re —ae - HE following is an account of duty paid ~ by the twelve principal Fire-offices for the Christmas quarter ; Sun...... £22,885 | Hope.....+ £4,482 Phenix,... 14,611 | British: ...., 3,995 Royal Exch. 13,014 | Albion..... - 3,763 Imperial ... 8,995 | Westminster+» 2,959" Globe ..... 6,932 "| Afias.... sees 2,802 County .... 4,927 | Hand-in-Hand 2,791 “A new dock has lately been opened at Rotherhithe, near the King’s Victualling- office, called the East-Country Dock, capable of holding about 80 ships, intended for those’ froth America, the Baltic, the Fisheries, aud others containing aval stores, * On.Monday, April the 8th; two houses in Tronmonger-row, Old. street-road, which, not- withstanding they were under repair, were crowded with inhabitants, fell down with a most tremendous crash, and buried a great number of the inmates in the ruins.’ The London militia, who were exercising in the » Artillery-ground, were immediately sent to _ aid the suffcrgrs, and, by unwearied exertions, 1 > — Ee ee eleven persons were taken ont, four of whom were dead, viz. a mother and three children, named Crewe; the” wounded persons were taken to St..Bartholomew’s hospital, most of them in a most deplorable state. The fires in the grates having communicated to the ruins, in the course of the evening, some apprehensions were entertained for the safety of the neighbouring houses, but on the arri- val of several engines the flames were soon quenched. A coroner’s inquest was held on the bodies of Mrs. Crewe and her children, when the jury brought in a verdict -of acci= dental death—and sentenced the Ironmongers* company, to whom the houses belonged, to pay 1001. as a deodand. - MARRIED. At St. George’s, Bloomsbury, Lieut. T. A. Edwards, of the royal navy, to Sarah, youngest daughter of Mr. Surman, of Isling- ton-row.—-fhe Rev. S. Birch, rector of St. Mary, Wovlnoth, to Margaret, eldest daughs ter of Williamm Browning, ¢sq. of Woburn- place, Kusscll square, At 578. At Mary-le-bene, B. Madden, esq. of Ja- maica, to Caroline, youngest daughter of the , Jare Mr. Edward Strange, of Tunbridge-wells. —Baron Charles de Tuyll, to Miss Gilder- meester, daughter of Daniel G. esq. formerly Dutch consul-general and chargé d’affaires to the Queen of Portugal.—Dr. Adams, of Doc- tors’-commons, to Mary Ann; and, at the same time, Thomas Philip Maunsell, esq. of Thorpe Mallor, Northamptonshire, to Caroline Eliza, both daughcers of the late Hon. W. Cockayne, of Rushton-hall. At St. George’s, Hanover-square, the Rev. L. W. Eliot, rector of Peper Harrow, Surry, fo Matilda Elizabeth, second daughter of the Yate Henry Halsey, esq. of Henley-park.— Henry Fellowes, esq. second’son of Robert F. esq: of Shottisham,Norfuik, to Frances, young- est daughter of Sir Julin Mrederick, bart. © W. Lokes, esq. or Desborough, Northamp- fonshire, to Mrs. Jones. James G. Seton,’ esq. of George-street, Adelphi, to Georgians, eldest daughter of Charles Bourchier, esq. of Hackney. At Cripplegate, Mr. C. f. Neale, to Miss Gastineau, of Camberwell. ’ Thomas Bull Williams, -esq. of Thorn- haugh-street, to Miss M. S. Dunbar, of Pad- dington. At Lambeth, Mr, Stanley Howard, of Can- pon-street, to Miss Ching, of Brixton, Surry. Robert Tulloh, esq. of Gould-square, to Mary Joanna, only daughter of che late William Grant, esq. of Demerara. , At St. Ann’s, Blackfriars, Mr. Benjamin Severs, of Chatham-place, to Miss Qaban, of Bridge-street. DIED. In Upper Berkeley-street, Sidky Efendi, chargé des affaires from the Sublime Ottoman Porte. His excellency was interred in the burial-ground of St Pancras. ‘The procession consisted of a hearse, containing the body, covered with white satin, follawed by his excellency’s private carriage, and two mourn- ing coaches, in which were the priest and the late ambassador’s attendants. Upon ar- yiving at the ground, the body was taken eut of the shell which contained it, wrapped in rich robes, aod dropped into the grave, and immediately after a large stone, nearly the size of the body, was Jaid upon it; and, after some Mahometan ceremonies had been gone through, the aitendants left the ground. The procession, in going to the church-yard, galloped nearly all the way. « At Colebrook-terrace, Islington, Mrs. MZav- garet Thompson, wife of Mr. Nathaniel T. She was deeply regretted by all who knew her. _ Mrs Browne, relict af George B. esq. of Eyvenly-hail, Northamptonshire. At Sunbury, Mrs. Craqshay, relict of Richard C. esq. of Merthyr ‘fydvil, Gla- morgan. , At his chambers in Gray’s-inn, in his 78th year, Fohn Knill, esq. a gentleman of rather singular character, though of great worth and” ‘Marriages and Deaths in and near London. ar. [May t, probity. He was’a native of Cornwall. Many years ago, by his order, an excavation wes made in a rock, near Mount’s-bay, in Corn: wall, for the purpose of holding his remains when his mortal career should he ended. The place was ever afterwards denominated §* Knill’s Folly.” He was, however, a man of an excellent understanding, and well ac- quainted with mankind. Though he hada very wide circle of friends and acquaintance, and was highly esteemed by all who knew him, he resisted every invitation to dine in private society, and for very many years past dined every day at Dolly’s chop house, walk- ing through the chief avenues of the town ia the course of the day, in order to meet his friends, and to preserve his health by mo- derate exercise. The Rev. Dr. Price, of Trinity-college, Cambridge, chaplain to his Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, and formerly rector of Great Houghton, ia the county of Nurthamp- ton. In Cork street, Burlington gardens, Hayres Wilson, esq. superintending surgeon of the me- dical establishment, Bombay. In South Audley-street, Mr. Donaldson, the king’s messenger. As he was walking im Thames-street, his foot slipped, he became entangled with a hackney-coach, which threw him down, and the wheel went over his leg, which was dreacfully fractured. The coach man dreve away with the most careless indif- ference, and has never been traced. Mr. Donaldson was conveyed to his house in South Audley-street, and attended by aw eminent surgeon; but the fever which en- sued prevented amputation. He lingered some days in great agony, -He was between 50 and 60 years of age, was a very intelligent man, well acquainted with most of the conti- nental tongues, and was greatly esteemed In Montague-street, Russell-square, nx, second daughter of Thomas Dickason, esq. In Green Lettuce-lane, Mary nn, eidest daughter of Mr. John Smith, of Newbottle, Durham, 18. In New-court, Swithin’s-lane, Mrs. Trae vers, wile of Benjamin T. esq. In Bishopsgate-street, Mr. Fobn Archer, At Paddington, Basi] Owen, eldest son of the Rev. Basil Woodd, 25. At Lambeth, Mrs. Smith, wife of Mr. Charles S. In Red Lion-street, Clerkenwell, Adrs. Ba- con, wile of Mr. John B. 69. In College-street, Westminster, Elizabeth, ‘ wife of William Whitmore, esq. 24. At Twickenham, Mr. Thomas Champion, of Mincing lane. In Fenchurch-street, Miss Adamson. At Kennington, Mrs. Fones, wife of Mr. Albin J.—A@s, Linging, relict of Samuel L. esq. 65. In Albion-place, Mr. Benjamin Cape, 78. “In Aldersgate street, drs. Ann Feffirie. b ei - Holland 5 during a i 2 agin] ' In Devonghire-place, ffames Pinnock, esg. In New Norfolk-street, ‘fobn Hammet, esq. M.P. for Taunton, and a partner in the house ef Esdaile and Hammet, bankers, Lombard- streer. ; . In Hatton-garden, Feba Nicholl, sens esq. 79. ‘ At the St. James’s hotel, Jermyn-street, Giles Earle, esq. of Beningbrough-hall, York- shire, 77. In Wimpole-street, in her 44th year, Lady Elizabeth,. wile to Lieutenant-general Loftus, daughter of the late Marquis Townsend and Chartotte Compton, Baroness Ferrers of Chart- ley. Every virtue, feminine grace, and amia- ble quality, were blended in the. atttactive characier of Lady Elizabeth Loftus; trush, candour, and sincerity, characterized every action of her life; her religion was pure, ra- tional, and unafiscted; she was beloved and esteemed by all who had the happiness of knowing her, and died universally regretted. In Southampton row, Russell-square, aged 37; Stevens Totton, esg. barrister at law; a man of considerable mechanical talent, and famous for having introduced barrelled arches Anto the sewers of the metropolis. At Brompton, Mrs. Marth2z Brychner, 77. Mr. Woicesell, father of Mr. W.. leader of the band at the’ King’s Theatre, and of, Mrs. Billington. . Tn Conduit-street, Hanover square, the Hon. Mrs. Coolmondeley, widow of the Hon. and Rev, Robert C. 81. [Further account of the late Earl of Romney, whose death was mentioned in our last Number. —The family of the Marshams is of consi- derable antiquity, and, although never pos- sessed of either great wealth or very exten- Sive power, has been long respectable. We Jearn from Edmondson™, that they came ori- ginally from the county of Norfolk, and that they first took their name from a town there; a custom very prevalent in England during former times, and usual in France, until the period of the revolution. ‘Thomas de Mar- sham died in 1103; and the industrious re~ searches of the genealogists have discovered, that his great grandson Richard was a monk inthe priory of Norwich, and almoner to his monastery. From the same source we learn, that a descendant of one of the good friars brothers served the office of sheriff of Nor- wich in 1510, and mayor of that city in 1518. The founder of the family, however, seems to have been Thomas Marsham, an alderman ef London, who died in 16¢4, and appears to have been very wealthy. John, his second ton, born in 1602, was educated first at Westminster, and then at Oxford, where he took a degree, in 1625; and thence remoy. ing to the Temple, there studied the law. This, however, did not occur until he had Sravelled into Krance, Italy, Germany, and which period he attended Sir TN, * Baronagium Genealogicum. ‘ Account of the late Eurl of Romney. 319 Thomas Edmonds, ambassador extraordinary to the court then held at Fontainbleau, ‘* to swear the French king to the peace.’ In 1637, Mr. Marsham was sworn one of the six clerks in Chancery ; and, during the reigu of Charles 1. being attached to the royal cause, he ** went after his majesty, like a good lawyer, following the great seal to Ox- ford.” This, of course, aroused the wrath of the victorious republicans, who had then possession, which some professional men havé reckoned nine points in the law, they, there- fore, treating him as a delinquent, seized his office, and mulcted his estate. He, at length, compounded, indeed, for the latter, at the rate of 3561. 16s. 2d. However, on the ren storation of Charles I. his affairs seem to have been more flourishing than ever; for, on that event taking place, he became a master in Chancery, was returned a member for the city of Rochester, had the honour of knighthood conferred upon him, and, in three years more, wascreated a baronet. Sir John appears to have been a very studious man, and to have written many tracts, celebrated at that day*, He was termed, by learned persons, ¢* the great Marsham of England. Anthony Wood } says, *‘that Monsieur Cas racoy, the king of France’s Ubeareeceene and all the great and learned men of Eurgpe, his cotemporaries, acknowledged him to he one of the greatest antiquaries and most learned and accurate writer of his time, ag appears by their testimonies, under their hands and seals, in their letters to him, which would make a volume in folio.” He posses sed Whorne’s-place, at Caxton, near Roches ter, Kent; and died at Bushy-hall, Hertford shire, May 26, 1685, aged 83. By his wife, Elizabeth, daughter of Sir William Hammond, of St. Alban’s, in East Kent, he left twa gons, Sir John Marsham, of Caxton, bart. and Sir Robert Marsham, of Bushy-hall, Hertfordshire, the latter of whom is the an- cestor of the earls of Romney. The former of these was very studious, like his father, and, veing possessed of the family library, which was stil! valuable, although diminish~ ed by the great fire of London, in 1666,.he get about composing the History of England. Although twice married, he left no offspring behind him ; accordingly, on his demise, he was succeeded by his brother, above mene tioned, wha occupied, like his father, the office of one of the six clerks in Chancery, and, in 1681, had obtained the honour of knighthood. He/alsg obtained a seat in pax liament, having been thrice returned for ‘Maidstone, during the reign of William III. By his wife, Elizabeth, daughter and heir of LL LLL OA, * 1, Diatriba Chronologica Lond. 1649. ; 2. Chronicus Canon AEyyptiacys, &c ; 3. Pre- face to the 2d vol. of the Monast. Anglican; 4, Imperium Persicum; 5. De Provinciis Sz Legionibus Romanriiss and 6. De Re Nummaria, } Alist. of the Oxiord Writers, Thomas. $30 Thomas Rosville, of Little Motte, Binsford, in Kent. and grand-daughter of Sir Francis Wryatt, of Boxley-abbey, he left three sons and four danghters, Sir Robert Marsham, bart. his eldest male issue, and the first Lord Romney, served, like his'father, during three parliaments, for the borough’ of Maidstone; this occurred in the reign of Anne; and, in the first year of George I. he’ was once more re-clected, Having been considered as a great estickler for the Protestant succession, and having attained such eminence as tobe cho-+ sen one of the managers for inquiring-into the conduct of the Bolingbroke and Oxford administration, the first prince of the housé of Brunswick determined to ennoble him: he was accordingly created a peer of the realm, by the title of Lord Romney in Kent, by letters patent, bearing date June 25, 1716; and, in 1717, he was nominated governor of Dover-castle. This nobleman married Eliza- beth, daughter and co-heir of the celebrated admiral Sir Cloudesley Shovel, originally ap- prehtice to a shoemaker, afterwards a cabin boy, and finally a gallant sea officer, who re- presented Rochester in parliament, and resided for many years at May-place, near Bexley- heath, in Kent, being owner of that man- sion, as well as of several other possessions in that neighbourhood. On Lerd Romney’s death*, in 1724, he was succeeded by his son Robert, in both honors and estates. That nobleman, born in 1712, possessed considera- ble learning, great taste, anda correct judg- ment. While at the uhiversity, he obtained the degree of LL.D. and alterwards distin- guished himself by his zeal, as president of the Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce; the members of which, in return, have placed his picture in a conspicuous situation in their great room. After a life generally dedicated to rural pleas sures, and the independence of a country life, he was succeeded by his eldest surviving son, by MissPym, of St.Christopher’s, with whom the family obtained the West-India plantations. Charles Marsham, third Lord and first Earl of Romney, of whom we now treat, was born - September 28, 1744. Having an elder bro- thert thenalive, he was destined eitherfor the navy or army; but, on his demise, after re- ceiving a liberal education, he was sent abroad on his travels. Soon after his return, he was elected for the borough of Maidstone, within a short distance of the family mansion, 3n,1774, Mr. M. became a candidate for the gounty, and succeeded; on which occasion he served along with Mr, Knight. In 1780, and 1784, Filmer Honeywood was his col- league; and he might have been chosen again in 1790, had not the state of his fatler’s health exhibited the most unequivocal marks of an approaching dissolution. Anterior to this period, and when he was thirty-two * The Hon. Robert Pym Marsham. —_ + Lord Romney was sent first to Eton, and then to Oxford. Adcotint of the late Earl of Romney. ee Ee (May, years of age, (August 30, 1776,) he married Lady Franges Wyndham, daughter of the late and sister to the preaent Earl of Egremont: Withrthis amiable and accomplished woman he lived happily for many years; and, having settled at Wanham, near Reigate, in Surrey, and rebuilt the house, her ladyship, who possessed’ a fine taste for ornamental garden. ing; laid/out the grounds with great ability. The same employment afterwards occupied her leisure hours ‘at the Mote, which was planned on a greater scale; and it has been said, that her death was occasioned by long and continued exertions on the latter occa- sion. Mr. Marsham’s conduct, as knight of the shire, was at once manly and merito- rious, having opposed the American war, and protested loudly against all Lord North’s measures on that occasion. He: also loudly condemned, as “ unconstitutional,” the mea+ sure of garrisoning Gibraltar and Port Mahow with ‘ foreign troops.” He, however, ope posed Mr, Fox’s India bilh with equal zeal, although he afterwards laboured for a coalis tion between him and Mr. Pitt. He also Opposed the extravagant fortification scheme, Proposed by the late Duke of Richmond, while master-general of the ordnance; and acted a noble and independent part relative to the militia, which he wished to be embodis ed, employed, and called forth every year; as constituting the’sole legitimate“and constitu- tional defence of the country. In 1786, he introduced a bill for securing the freedom of election, by excluding persons holding places in the navy and ordnance from voting for members of Parliament; but the question was lost, ona division, by a majority of 76s Having succeeded his father as a peer, in 1793, Lord Romney appears to have taken the alarm at the then situation of this coun- try, and, 1797, we find him proposing a voluntary patriotic donation, in aid of the public taxes, to which he himself offered to subscribe five thousand pounds. But al~ though he supported the war with France, yet Lord R. in 1800, censured the ministers freely, for their reluctance to negotiate with the First Consul. In private life, this ‘no+~ bleman was attached to agricultural pursuits, and kept a large farm in his own hands, upe wards of forty: acres of which consisted of hop grounds, He also pulled down the old family mansion, known by the appellation of the Mote, and erected a new one in its place, within a quarter of a mile of the ancient sites On the ‘ist of August, 1799, his lordship eatertained a bady of near* 6000 voluntcerss - all * The exact number of guests amounted to. 5839. On this occasion, Lieutenant-Gencral — Earl Grey acted’as commander-in-chief, Licu= tenant-General Sir Robert Lawrie, bart, coms manded the cavalry, and the Hon. Lieu.’ tenant-General Fox the infantry, with Major General Pigot, and his Rx H. Majer-General’ _ ; Prince : Majesty. Berwick upon Tweed. 1811. all appertaining to the county of Kent, in his park, after they had been reviewed by his On the exact spot where the royal tent was pitched, in which sat the King, Queen, Princesses Elizabeth and Augusta, the Dukes of York, Cumberland, and Gloucester, Aogether with the late Stadtholder, a pavilion has been erected, by the gratitude of the ** men of Kent.” About a year after this review, which must be allowed to have been the grandest exhibition of the kind ever seen in England, his Majesty was pleased to create his noble host an earl, by patent, dated June 22, 1801. For some time past, Lord _R,’s health has been on the decline, and he Prince William Frederic (now Duke of Glou- cester) under him. There was also a corps _of guides, and another of artillery. On his »Majesty’s apgroaching the park, a royal salute .of twenty-one guns was fireds on arriving in fiont of the centre of the line of infantry, the first cannon was fired, on which both lines presented arms, the officers saluted, the mu- sic played, drums beat, &c. On firing the second cannon, the infantry shouldered arms, and the officers poised their swords, his Ma- jesty in the mean time passing the two lines. -On firing-the third cannon, the infantry car- ried. swords, while the King passed along -their front, the trumpets piaying, &c. On firing the fourth cannon, they marched in Open order, officers saluting and colours low- ered while passing. On firing the fifth can- Northumberland and Durharis $81 at last yielded to the pressute of disease, of the 7th of March, 1811. He is succeeded, in his>titles and estates, by his son, Lord Marsham, now Earl of Romney, who mar- ried Miss Pitt, daughter to the knight of the shire for the county of Dorset, and has sat for many yearsas a member of the House of Commons, first tor the county of Kent, then for Hythe, &c. Of the late Earl of Romney, Sir Joshua Reynolds painted an ex- cellent picture, and there is a good engraved portrait of him in one of the last volumes of the Transactions of the Society for promoting Arts, Manufactures, and Sciences.] non, the whole of the infantry commenced @ fire by companies; the sixth was the signal -to take up their original position, and the seventh for a few de joye. The tables for entertaining the military amounted to 91, and the whele length of these occupied 13,333 yards. The principal dishes, 2,200 in nume ber, consisted of 60 lambs in quarters, 700 fowls, 300 hams, 300 tongues, 2¥0 dishes of bdiled beef, 220 roast ditto, 2¥0 meat “pies, 220 fruit ditto, and 220 joints of roast veal. The beverage consisted Of 7 pipes of port wine, 46 butts of ale, and 16 ditto of small beer, which were furnished by means of a pump." The temains of the entertain- ment were distributed among the neighbour- ing-cottagers, except a waggon load which was sent to the poor of Maidstone. PROVINCIAL OCCURRENCES, WITH arty tHe MARRIAGES anp DEATHS; - Arranged geographically, or in the Order of tie Counties, from North to South. —— *.* Communications for this Department of the Monthly Magazine, properly aus thenticated, und sent free of Postage, are aleoays thankfully received. Those are more pirticulurly acceptable which describe the Progress of Local Improvements of any Kind, or which contain Biographical Anecdotes or Facts relative to eminent or remarkable Characters recently deceased. $ entre NORTHUMBERLAND AND DURIIAM, CANNON ball, ‘weighing 96!bs. and measuring upwards of 50 inches in cir- ‘cumfeience, has within these few days been dug out from the ruins of the old¢castle in According to Fuller, in 1405, a conspiracy was formed in Berwick against King Henry 1V. The Earl of Nor- tiumberland held possession of the castle at that time, who heard that Henry was bring- -ing against him 37,000 men, retired into Scotland. The royal army advanced to Ber wick, with some engines of destruction, which had never before been brought against it; and ~which were, on this occasion, for the first time employed in Britain. The first dis- Monrary Mac. No, 212, Dr: Bs charge from one of these cannons, demolish- ing one of the principal towers of the castley the garrison was thrown into such conster- nation, that it made an instant surrender. From this account it is possible, that this is the identical ball which, 406 years ago, oc- casioned, the surrender of Berwick to the English arms. 4 Married.| At North Berwick, William Gordon, esq. of Devonsliire-street, Londons to’ Charlotte, third daughter of the Jate Lieutenant-colonel Dalrymple, of the 19:\h foot. i At Parnard-castle, George Hod zson, esq. of Staindrop, to Miss Binning, daughter of 3e At 382 At Newburn, Mr. Edward Heedspeth, of Harlow Hill, to. Ann, daughter of Mr. Ro- bert Arthur, of Black Swine. At Sunderland, Joseph Summers, esq. late of the Royal Navy, to Mrs.. Eliz. Haswell, of Durham. At St. Andrew Auckland, Mr.- William Newton, of Cowe’s House, near Wolsingham, to Miss Hannah Hodgson, of Stone Chesters, near Hemsterly. At Newcastle, Mr. Myles Birkett Foster, of North Shields, to Ann, daughter of the late Mr. Joseph King. D:.d.|, At Gateshead, Mr. John Barras. —Mr. Thomas Leybourn, of the Half Moon inn. At North Shields, Mr. Robert Chambers. Mrs. Pollock, wife of the Rev. Mr. P. 28. =—Marygaret, only daughter of Mr. Cowey. At Durham, Mrs. Mary Gilston, 78.— Mrs. Barbara Harbottle, 75. At Newcastle, Mrs. Rebecca Gibson, wife of Mr. Thomas G. 26.—Myss. Elizabeth Wight, 54.—Mrs. Ann Waters, 81.—Miss Murray, 75.—Mr. Thomas Berkley, 41. —Mrs. Bainbridge, wite of Mr. Joseph B. solicitor. : At Green’s House, Mrs. Sibbit, wife of Adam S. esq. At New Haggerston, Rovert, son of Mr. T. Smith, 1% At Thornaby, near Stockton, Mr. Robert ckson. At Hastburn, Mrs. Ward, relict of —— W. esq. af Worsall, York. At Alnwick, Mrs. Abernethy, wife of Mr. Alexander A.—Mrs. Russell, wife of Mr. James R 56.—Edward, son of Mrs. Hedley, 11.—George James, esq. adjutant of the Northumberland Local Militia, 51. At Stockton, Mr. J. B. Kitching, officer in the customs. At Low Hedgley, Mrs. Jane Bolam, 90. At Sherburn, near Durham, Mr. Thomas Mitcheson. Ait Beshopwearmouth, Mrs. Ann Lawson, many years housekeeper to the late ‘I homas Nicholson, . esq. 67- : At Plas Yollen, Thomas, fiith son of Charles Morrail, esq. At Crosemere, Mrs. Marsh. At Hope, Mr. Wm. Penny. At Coalbrook Dale, Frances Ann, eldest daughter of the late Edmund Darby, esq. At Ludlow, Mr. W. Russel, who, from an early peried of life, till within the last ten years, was active and skilful in his professional duties a8 a surgeon and apothecary, 74.—. Mr. R. Thomas, senior alderman of the corpac ration, 83. : p At Whitchurch, Mr. Weaver. At Acton Burnell, Mr. Thomas. Grif. fiths, 83. WORCESTERSHIRE. A numerous and respectable meeting of the proprietors of the Worcester and’ Bire mingham canal took place at the Hop Pole, in Worcester, to take into farther consider- ation the propriety of completing the canal with locks or lirts. It was finally decided, that when the committee were satisfied that water, sufficient for the supply of the canal, could be procured at or near the summit levet (without baving recourse to the riverSevern), they are then authorised to proceed with the locks, but inthe mean time the lift at Tar- debigg should cantinue to work. Married.| At Droitwich, William Wool< wich Lee, esq. of Ludstone House, Salop, te “Mary, second daughter of the late Mr. Henry Robeson. ° ‘ At Worcester, B, N: Bluett, esq. to Eli- zaheth, daughter of Thomas Carden, esq. Died.} At Kidderminster, Mz. Samuel Parkes. 4 At 368 At Worcester, Mrs. Bowyer, relict of James B. esq. At Grafton Lodge, near Bromsgrove, Mrs. Saunders, relict of Mr. John S, At Henwick, near Worcester, Mrs, Gyles, wife of Samuel G. esq. 71. She was endea- ouring to remove a cloth which had caught the flame of the kitchen fire, when it com- municated to her clothes, and, before assist- ance could be rendered, she was so miserably burnt, that she expired, after languishing in extreme torture for four hours, . At Eastham, the Rev. R. Mark, 64. At Knighton upon Teme, the Rey. Rice ark, aged 645 thirty-seven years of which he had officiated as curate to. the annexed ‘hapelries of the church of Eastham ; nor was he from any cause during the whole of this long period (until within a few months ef his decease) detained from attending his duty but three Sundays only. In his sacred calling he proved himself afaithful and unusually vigilant minister, and in private Jife his many amiable-and attractive qualities, Joined to a strong, natural, and cuitivated, understanding, the unaffected benevolence of his nature, and urbanity of his manners, the useful solidity of. his arguments, and the harmless pleasantry of his wit, attached to him anumerous and valuable circle of friends, who, together with a disconsolate widow, now lament his loss as sincerely as they once valued his worth. P _ + HEREFORDSHIRE. Married.] At Ross, Mr. Godsall, to Miss Smith, both of Hereford. At Titley, Sir Isaac Coffin, bart. vice-ad- Muiral of the white, to Elizabeth Brown Greenly, only daughter of William @. esq. of Titley Court. In consequence of this mar- Fiage, Sir Isaac assumes the name of Greenly in addition to, that of Coffin. _ At Kington, the Rev. John Callowhill, of Eardisley, to Miss Williams, of Croseynon, Radnorshire. Died.] At Leominster, Mr. George Scoble, of the Ked, Lion Inn. At Ross, Elizabeth, wife of Mr. William Watkins, of the Hill, in the parish of Llan- garren, oa. At Rollstone, Mr. Benedict Gilbert, at- torney, and justice’s clerk, who for 57 years ‘conducted himself with the strictest integrity in that profession, 82. At Bromyard, Mrs. P, Reeve, 91. MONMOUTHSHIRE, Married.| At Monmouth, Mr. J. S, Woollett, surgeon, to Miss Sarah Williams. Died.) At Monmouth, Mrs. Katherine Haltpenny, last surviving daug liter of the late Jot n Blewett, esq. of Salford House, Ox'oid- . sire, 88. At Usk, Jane, wife of Mr. Henry Mat- thews. GLOCESTERSHIRE. Married.] At Cheltenham, Wilson Philip, Hereford —Monmouth—G loucester—Oxford. —_ .™ e ee i [May 1; M.D. Hy Worcester, to Ree sixth daughter of the lateC. Domiville, esq. of Santry-housey in the county of Dublin.—Mr. Gattie, of the Bath Theatre, to Miss S, Black, of Lincoln- shire. Ar Eastington, Mr. Thomas Hardwick, to Miss Newbery, of Cheltenham. At Twining, James Sutton Olive, esq. so- licitor of Newnham, to Miss Phelps, daughter of Wm. P. esq. D:ed.] At Gloucester, aged 75, Robert Raikes, esq. who, in the year 1783, first in- stituted Sunday schools, and by his philan= thropic exertions, contributed to their general adoption.—Mrs. Herbert, wife of Mr. Joseph H.—Mrs. Mutilow, relict of Mr. Benjamin M. At Oxenbam, Mr. Dowle, jun. an officer in the Local Militia. He was out shooting, when, in passing through a hedge, with the butt-end of his gun advanced before him, something caught the trigger, when the piece exploded, and the whole of the charge entered h's breast, some of it passing through the back part of his shoulder. Although so dreadfully injured, he contrived to walk home, where surgical assistance was pro- cured, and he underwent a very painful operation for the extraction of the shot.. He lingered, however, in excruciating pain for four days, when he expired, At Willesley, near Tetbury, Wm. Byam, esq. At Bodington, Mrs. Lloyd, a maiden lady and sister of the late L. esq. of Carthage, near Ross, 60. : At Hillsey, T. Partridge, esq. 69. At Naunton, Mis. Oliver. At Winstowve, Mrs. E. P. Haviland. At Thornbury, Thomas Blagdon, esy. 69. At Chaceley, near Tewkesbury, Mr. Young. At Winchcomb, Mr. Wm. Reynolds, 90. At Breadstone, James Croome, esq. 80. _ - At Lechlade, Sarah, wife of Mr. Ward, surgeon. - At Ruardean, the Rev. John Howton Beeston, M.A. rector of Hope Mansell, and vicar oh Wal;ord and Ruardean, 55, This truly pious man had, only aa hour before, performed his sacred duties at the parish cherch of Walford, and was preparing to enter the church at Ruardean, when he was instantaneously seized, and expired in the arms, and amidst the tears, of his flock. His death wiil long be regictted by all who knew his unassuming merits, both as a scholar and private character, and deeply Jamented by a disconsolate widow and numerous family. At Cheltenham, Thomas Kingscote, esq. of Kingscote. OXFORDSHIRE, - Marrjed.]. At Chadlington, the Rey. .D. G. Davies, to Miss Stought. . ‘At Oxford, Wm. P. Lambard, esq. to Miss H. Sharp. hn: John Gunner, to Miss Eli- zabeth DyereeMr. W. Holliday, university marshaly « 1S11.] marshal; to Miss Elizabeth’ Harvey.—Mr._ Kite, to Miss Gardner, daughter of Mr. G: of Edmund Hall, © Diéd.] At Henley vpon Thames, Wm.- Combes, esq. formerly of Chandos-street, / Covent Garden, 88 “At Bloxham, Robert Potter, gent. At Enstone, Mr, S. Cartwright, 37. * At Oxford, ‘Mrs. Weston, 76.—Mr. Norris. —Mrs. $;monds.—Mrs. Wilmot, 69.—Mrs. W2trs, 92.—Mr. George Carey.—Mrs. Bar- nett, wife of Mr. ‘thomas B.—Mr. Richard Stevens. * At Golder; Mrs. Cesens. wAt Broughton, | W. Haywood, sen. gent. forendtly a surgeon and apothecary, of Ban- bury, 85. ’ At Banbury, Mrs. Usher, wife of Mr. U dissenting.minister. At Woodstock, daughter of Mr. C. Palmer, 25. At Worting, Harriet, youngest daughter of the late Rev. Henry Blackstone, of Ade derbury. , At Dea r, John Tubb, 78 At So Rogers, of the Fox inn. At » of Donnington, Berks. IRE. ge, Beds. Hannah, wife of Mr. Thos. Berry, 5% other, Mr, James Finch, 63, and his wife 62. Tt was'a singular circumstance, that Mrs. F. had often expressed a wish not to survive her husband | one hour. “SER TFORDSHIRE. me ol i is now opened at Hertford, by one rt. Lancaster’s young men. The relation passed i in the town-hall, at a most numerous and respectable assembly, breathe a‘spirit of liberality worthy of an enlightened age. the time of proposing and establishing the school, Married.} At Cheshunt, the Rev. Sa nel : Halworthy, vicar of Croxall, Derbyshire, to Diana Sarah Bayly, daughter of the late Na- thaniel B. esq. of Jamaica. Died.) At Hertford, Robert Bellew, esq. ef Balandinish, county of Cork. At. St. Alban’s, Mrs. Anna Maria Jones, spinster. Her father is said to have been an officer inthe army, whoserved under John Duke’ of Marlborough. It isacknowledged that she was 96 or 97 years of age, but it has often been _ asserted that she was born in the year 1712. She retained her eye-sight in patticular, and’ all her faculties mental and corporeal, in an extraordinary and uncommon degree, consi~’ dering her great age, till 1st February last, wken she was struck with a paralytic stroke, under the effects. of which she languished wear a month, when a second stroke perfected Monruty Mag, No. 212, Bucks—UWerts—Bedford—Northampton, Xe. Maria Titley, eldest ’ » Mrs. Dorothy. Scarce a month has elapsed between ° 369 the work that the former had begun, and a few days put an end to a life which had Jost all remains of comfort and enjoyment. She was buried in the chancel of the Abbey- church. ‘ * BEDFORDSHIRE. The Duke and Duchess of Bedford aré - now about’ establishing a school for girls, at Woburn. The system of tuition is the same for reading, writing, and arithmetic, as that in the boys’ school, established three years* ago by the duke, on the Lancasterian plan,” which has been attended with the highest success. ‘The new system of teaching needle= work practised at the school, in Southwarle, instituted for girls by the two sisters of Mr. fuancaster, in 1804, will be Introduced into ‘this institution by a young person from the Royal Free School, wark, : A piece of land has been marked. out, for the erection uf- a school-room at Bedford, on the British (not thé Madras) system of ease cation. The Duke of Bedford is the active” and generous patron of this establishment. Murried] At Biddenham, William, second son of the Rev. Dr. Moore, to Elizabeth, daughter of the late Capt. Brookes, R.N. : NORTHAMPTONSHIRE. In consequence ‘of a lecture delivered by Mr. Lancaster, at Northampton, some time past, a town-meeting was called, and the respectable inhabitants, in a most liberal man- Borough Road, South ° - ner came forward with a subscription to szt Act Taplow, within a few minutes of each’ up aschool, in which bigotry and intolerance should have no share. Married.| At Desborough, Mr. F. Morley, of Liverpool, to Miss Cave. * At Kettering, Mr. Wm. Dainty, third son of Mr. D..of Loddington, to Miss Wallis. Died.| At Laxton Hall, Major John Evans, of the 87th regiment of foot, aged 27 years. The death of this gallant officer was o=ca- sioned by the many and severe Avounds he received at the storming of Monte Video, in February 1807. It is a remarkable circum- stance, that at the time he was wounded, every man in his section was killed by his ' side at the first discharge. “At Thrapston, Mrs. Crampton, wife of Mr. C. surgeon, 2%." : “At Oundle, Mr. Wm. Parnell. At Wellingborough, Mr. John York, 63, At Northampton, Mrs. Cooper.—Mrs. Eliz. Adsom.—Mr. John Fletcher, 69.—Mrs, Ball, 86. * At Marston St. Lawrence, Susannah, wife of Mr. Wm. Jeffs, 34. wae Hellidon, Mr. John Carter HUNTINGDONSHIRE. “Married. At Huntingdon, Mr. Charles Harris, to Mrs. Goodger, daughter of the late Mr. Mills, of White Hall, Brampton. Died.| The Rev. Mt. Pery, rector of Houghton-cum-Wilton. CAMERIDGESHIRE. March 26th, came on the election for the 5D Chancellorship $90 Chancellorship of the University of Cam- bridge, vacated by the death of his Grace the Duke of Grafton. The candidates were, his Royal Highness the Duke of Gloucester, and his Grace the Duke of Rotland, The poll finally closed at twelve o’clock at night, when the numbers were— For the Duke of Gloucester. .470 For the Duke of Rutland....356 The greatest number ever polled before at an election for this university, The former was of course declared to be duly elected. The following day commenced the election for a Member of Parliament for this uni- versity, a seat being. vacated by the Harl of Eustoa (the late member) succeeding to the title of Duke of Grafton, The candidates were, Viscount Palmerston, and the Hon. Mr. Smyth. At the close of the poll the numbers were— For Viscount Palmerston... .459 For Hon. Mr. Smyth 347 ‘THe two Gold Medals, value 15 guineas each, given annually by the chancellor of this University to two commencing Bachelors of Arts, who have obtained the degree of Senior Optimes, and acquit themselves the best in classical learning, are this year ad- judged to Mr. Blomfield, of Caius’ Colleges and Mr. Evans, of Trinity College. The longevity of the chance!lors of Cams bridge has been remarkable, there having been only three since 1688, a period of 122 yeass. The Duke of Somerset held that office GO years ; the Duke of Newcastle 20 ; and the Duke of Grafton 42 years. There have been seven chancellors of Oxford during the same pericd. Married. | Thomas Hurrell, esq. of Chishill Hall, Essex, to Martha, only daughter of the Rev. }. Perkins, rector of Rampton. At Ely, Mr. Robert Scott, to Miss Henly. Died] At Cambridge, Mr. G. Cooper, 94. =Mr. Eddleston, ot the Dolphin Ino.— Mr, George Wynne, many years organist of Great St. Mary’s and St. Michael’s churches.—The Rev. Dr. Price, of Trinity-college, formerly xector of Great Houghton, Northamptonshire. “At Ely, Mr. J. Rayner, 76. At Barwell, Mrs. M. Isaacson, a maiden lady, and the Jast of that ancient family, At Litlingten, neat Royston, Mr. Robert Baldrey, 39. — NORFOLK, ‘Aschool on the Royal Lancasterian system js opened at Norwich, tor 450 children, by one of Mr. Lancaster's young men. This undertake ing is patronized by the Bishop o; Norwich, and much praiseworthy zeal has been shewn by many members of the establishment, as well as dissenters, in that city. Married.| B. Edwards, esq. of Browick, Lincoln, to Emily, youngest daughter of John Custance, esq. of Weston House, in this county. P, M. Martinean, esq. of Norwich, to Mrs. Somers Clarke, late of Tasburgh. Cambridge-Norfolk—Sufolk. [May 1, Mr, Joseph Haycock, of Wells, to Miss Harriot Jackson, of Thorpe Hall, near Nore wich. At Yarmouth, Mr. James Boult, jun. to Miss Sarah King, of Gorleston.—Mr. Joseph Green, of Beccles, to Miss Jenkins. Lionel Self, gent. of Elmham, to Miss Breese, of Bawdeswell. At Norwich, the Rev. W. F. Drake, of Bene’t College, Cambridge, to Harriet, daughter of Mr. VW. Tomlinsun. ‘ Died.] At Norwich, Miss ChristianaSwann, 55.—Mr. Joseph Clover, well known for his skill as a veterinary practitioner, 85.—Miss Cotman, niece of Mr. Edward C.—-Mrs. Mary Taylor, 77.—Mr. J. Futter, 47.—Mr. James Brunton, one of the mace-beareis of this city, 77. At Watton Green, Elizabeth, daughter of the late Rev. T. Scott. At Felmingh3m Hall, Mrs. Eliz. Seaman. . At Stoke Ferry, Mrs. Hebgiry 77. At Tivetshall, Sarah, daughter of Mr. Robt. Dix. 2 At Great Witchingham, Mr. Jas. Beeston, jun. 29. At West Winch, near Lynn, Mr. Samuel Browne, 73, At ‘Pulham, Mrs. Wake, relict of Mrz John W. ' At Watton, Mrs. Bream, 66.—Mr. Walter Lake, 63. At Lyon, Mr. Jeffery Goddard, 56.—Miss E. Collins, second daughter of Mrs, Sharpe, wife of E. Sharpe, esq. collector of Excise, at Lynn.—Mrs. Bunnett.—In the 56th year of his age, Samuel Baker, esq. who by dm uni- form adherence to the assiduity and probity by which an English merchant is proverbially distinguished, acquired an ample indepen- dence.—Aged 61, Sarah, relict of Mr. Bowles, late of the Norwich Theatre.—-In the 111th year of her age, Elizabeth Jarrard, who re- tained her faculties very perfect for such’ ex- treme age till within the last few weeks of her life. At Blofield, Mrs. Saul, 62... At Heywood Hall, Diss, William, son of Mr. Biddell. At East Dereham, Marianne, eldest daughter of the Rev. Edward Codd, 13. : The Rev. Mark Burn, vicar of All Saints in South Lynn, and of Geyton, the former is the gift of the bishop of Ely, the Jatter in that of the bishop of Norwich. , The Rey. Joseph White, 45° years rector of Oxburgh with Foulden. This valuable preferment isin the patronage of Caius Col- lege, Cambridge. Aged 77, the Rev. Repps Browne, rector of Great Melton and Wood Dalling, the former in the gift of Sir Jacob Astley, bart. and the latter of Trinity college, Cambridge. _ At Aylsham, in consequence of her clothes taking fire, Mrs. Susannah Baxter. SUFFOLK. _ A 4School- room for 350 children is erected: ae second. 1811.] " at Ipswich, anda school will soon open there en the plan invented by Jos. Lancaster. Much praise is due to the Rev. Dr. Wallis, Mr. Jackaman, and many able coadjntors in this benevolent pursuit, as honorable to themselves, as useful to the town of Ipswich. The Rotunda on the Cornhill, Ipswich, which was originally intended as a Market House, bat which’ has Jong been a nuisance, will be immediately pulled down. A liberal subscription has been entered into by the merchants and farmers in that neigbourhoud, to erect a handsome Corn Exchange on the site of the Ru stunda. Mazyied.] At Gretna Green, Mr. James Gray, surveyor of taxes, Bury,- to Maria Charlotte, only daughter of J. Worby, esq. of Carbrooke, Norfolk. AtIpswich, 1’. Wratislaw, esq. of London, to Miss Tonge, eldest daughter of Mrs. 1. Mr. R. Holme, jun. of the Star Inn, New- market, to Miss D. Ball, of Burwell, Cam- bridgeshire. * - Mr. Chapman, butcher, of Cowlinge, to Miss E. Granger, of the Bull Inn, Newmarket. Mr. Stephen Barnes, of Bungay, to Miss Girling, daughter of Robert G. gent. late of Linstead Magna. Died.| At Stradbrook, Mr. J. B. Pearl, 43: —Mr. Wm. Bradfield, 50. “At Bromford, Mr. George Morgan, 65. _ At Bungay, Mr. Samuel Symonds, jun. . At Codsenham, Mr. Alidred. Act Bary, Mrs. Sarah Chaplin, 49.—The infant daaghter of Major Symons. — Mr, George Fuller, 25.—Mrs. Wilkinson, wife the Rev. Marmaduke W. rector of Redgrave and Nowton, and eldest daughter of the late Sir Charles Davers, bart. of Rushbrooke-hall. At Finningham, Mr, Edward Palimer. Ac Beccles, Mrs. Holl, wife of Mr. John Holl. it At Rickinghall, Lucy, daughter of Mr. Richard Todd. , At Newmarket, Mrs, O’Conner, 78.—Mr. » Thomas Cornell. At Wickhambrook, Mr. John Marrow, 95. At Snailwell, Mrs, Palmer. At Cheveley, Mrs. Linwood. At Halesworth, Mrs, Mease, relict of the Rev. Mr. M. At Ipswich, Mr. Wm. Brame, keeper of the bofough goal.—- Mr. Meadows of the Royal William Inn.—At the house of his son-in-law, Samuel Alexander, jun. esq. John Biddle, esq. of Needham Market.— Mrs. Maw, 29. ; At Stowupland, Ans, daughter of Mr, Thomas Posford. At Middleton, near Yoxford, Mr. Richard Day, 40. At Clare, Mrs. Eliz. Raye, 70. At Onchouse, Mr. James Edwards, 27.—— In the house of industry, Captain Samuel Bird, 84. He was captain-lieutenant, and Quarter-master of the West Suffolk Militia, Guring the American war S‘ Esser—K ent. - 3 395 At Framlingham, Mr. Davy Keer, surgeon. At Landguard Fort, Col. Gwyn, barrack= master, 86. ‘ ESSEX. Married.}] At Boreham, Mr. Wm. Bakery of Little Baddow, to Miss Susan Belcher. Died? At St. Osyth, the Rev. John Ro- bert Kirby, formerly of Caius College, Cam- bridge, 49. At Woodford, Mrs. Eggers, E. esq. y At Southgate, Mrs, Goad, relict of Wm. G. esq. At Ballingdon, Mrs. Edwards. At Boxford, Mrs. Ann Hepworth, 80. In the Isle of Wight, whither he wept for the benefit of his health, Mr. Thos. Pricketts surgeon, of Witham. At Great Baddow, Mr. John Harrington. At Harwich, Mrs. Marriott, At Rumford, Otho Hamilton, esq. of Olive- stob, N.B. 87, The 40 best years of his life Were devoted to the service of his country in the 40th and 5@th regiments, With the former he was present, among other affairs, at the taking of Louisbourg under Lord Am- herst; and of Quebec, under General Wolfey whose confidence and friendship he enjoyed till the hour of his death; at the taking of Martinico, and St. Lucia, under General Monkton; and of the Havannah, under Lord Albemarle. In 1772, he purchiased-the lieu- tenant-colonelcy of the 59th, commanded that corps tlireughout the American war, at Bos- ton, under General Gage, and at the battles of Lexington and Bunker’s Hill; never having been once absent from his post, till he sold out about 1778. He sustained during the whole course of his active and honourable duties,. the well merited reputation of a ree ligious, benevolent, and honest, man—- KENT. see! Married.| At East Malling, Sir John Twisden, bart. of Bradbourn Park,-to Chas tharine Judith, eldest daughter of the Rev. Wm. Coppard, rector of Graveley, Cambridge~ shire.— Allen, esq. of Jamaica, to Miss Whirtle, eldest daughter of Mr. Thurston W. At Tunbridge, Brigade- Major Henry Grove, to Mrs. Barton, of Tunbridge Wells. At Deal, Mr. John Jenkins, surgeon, to Miss Anna Maria Thornton. —Mr. S. Mockett, to Ann, third daughter of Mr. Stephen For- ster. : At St. Lawrence, Isle of Thanet, Mr. Hay- zelden, of Milton, to Mrs. Messiter, widow of Mr. Henry M. late surgeon of the 20th regiment of foot. At Betshanger, Mr. John Ellman, eldest son of John E. esq. of Glynde, Sussex, to Catharine Springett, third daughter of John Bays, esq. of Betshahger. Died.| At Wirigham, the Revs John Tucker, rector of Gravesend and Luddenham, 52. « ; At Wye, Miss Elizabeth Noowess, 73. At Canterbury, Mr. Thomas Parker, 2% Mis. relict of Hi 392 ——Mrs. Mary Spearman; 67.—-Mr. B: Min- ter. At Linton, Mrs. Durtnall. ~ At Faversham, Richard Henry, youngest son of the, Rev. Athelstan Stephens, 18. At Marmside, Mrs. Simmonds, wife of Mr. S. of Woodchurch, Isle of Thanet. At New Romney, Edward Russel, esq. At Milton, Mr, Henry Furley, 46. At Ashford, Mrs. Nicholls. At Deal, Mr. Richard Mowle. — Mrs; Broad, relict of Mr. John B. 92.—Mr. John Browning. At Margate, Mr. Isaac Barret, 61.—Miss Eliz. Ladd. —Mr. Irish. At Womenswould, Mrs. Rutter, relict of Mr. Edward R. 72. At Folkstone, Mrs. Nicholls. At Boughton under Blean, Mr. William Barnes, 46. At Cranbrook, Mrs. Judge, 72. At Maidstone, Mr. Wm. Evans, 74. At the Mote, Mr. Thos. Gregory, many years gardener to the Earl of Romney, 68. At Chatham, Mrs. Martha Chaney, wife of Mr. C. of the Chest Arms Tavern, 40. At Statenborough, Mrs. Eliz. Ford, 95. At Tunbridge Wells, Mr. Wm. Hardinge. At Biddenden, Mrs. Smith, wite of Mr. S. master of the poor house. At St. Nicholas, in Thanet, Mr. Saunders, 73. John SURKY- Died.] At Long Ditton, the Rev. Wm. Pennicott, 53 years rector of that parish, and one of the oldest magistrates of this county, 85. At Upper Tooting, of the croup, Peter Edward, only son of Edward Browne, esq. At Dorking, Miss Sarah Sabine. At Grove House, Tooting, Wm. Ward, esq. 68. i At Guildford, Joseph Pickstone, esq. many years under sheriff for the county, 66. SUSSEX. A school has been opened at Chichester on the Royal Lancasterian system, and is going on well, the Duke and Duchess of Richmond are patrons of it, and a more commodious school-room is now erecting. The individuals who have engaged in the expensive mine works at Bexhill, will be amply rewarded for their enterprise, having sunk through a valuable mine of most ex- cellent coal 10% yards thick, on their estate, which mine is now at work. This will be of great public advantage, as the works are over the main fault, inasituation where, till now, the most experienced miners considered no mine of coal could exist; and it proves the extent of mine land to be greater by many hundred acres than it was before supposed to be. Married.] Jobn Muggleston, esq. surgeon to the Sussex Local Militia, to Miss Crut- tenden, daughter of the late John C. esq. of Bourn, in the parish of Salehurst. At Burwash, Mr. R. Huntley, to Mrs, Surrey—Susser— Hampshire—Wiltshive. [May 1, Ricklesford, who had been a widow nine days. At Robertsbridge, Mr. John Shelley, to Mrs. Hazelden. , At Munéham, the Rev. Joiiffe Tufnell, prebencary of the cathedral, Chichester, to Miss Diggens, daughter of John D. esq, late banker of that city. At Arundel, Lieut. Dawes, 68th regt. to Mies Sandbam. Died.) At Brighton, Lady Elizabeth Stuart, apie ef lieut.-gen. Sir Robert S. 83. —John Middleton, esq. 84.—Mrs. Mary Chapman, 77,—Mr. John Walters.—Mr. John Webb Harris, 38. At Blatchington Barracks, near Seaford, the Hon. Stanhope Dormer, youngest son o¢ the late Right Hon. Lord Dormer, of Green- Park, near Warwick, and major of the War- wickshire militia. ° Seized with an azoplectic_ fit, this estimible and amiable man, suddenly expired, in the S4th year of his age. Iu his religious profession he was a Catholic, At Rottingdean, Mr. Charles James Salle, son of the late chevalicr Peter Jolin Salle, a knight of the order of St. Louis. At Burwash, Mr. Ricklestord, At Lewes, Mr. Moss, 62.—Mr. W. Ben- nett, 48. At Chichester, Miss Dawes. At New House Farm, near Poynings, Mr. R. Gallop. At Uckfield, the Rev. Stillman Bostock, vicar of Last Grinsted. At Street, near Dicheling, Mr. Richard Marchant, At Mountfield, Mr. Hollands. HAMPSHIRE. Married ] At Portsmouth, Capt. Barrett, of the Transport service, to Miss Burnett.— Lieut. Evans, R. N. to, Miss Barnett, of Fratton.—Lieut. Stewart, late of H. M.S, Royal William, to Miss Onion, daughter of - D. O. esq. ot Priddy’s Hard. —Wm. Goldsong esq. to Mrs. Constable, widow of Capt. Cc. R.N. Died.] At Ripley, Mrs. Howley, relict of the Rev. Mr. H. : At Portsrhouth, Mrs. Pritchard, 107.—Mr. Cole. —Mr. Mew. — Mr, Richmond. — Mrs. Cliverton, a maiden lady, 89.—-Mrs. Hind, wife of Mr. TH. printer, 22. At Winchester, Mrs. Allsop. At Alres‘ord, Mr. Fielder, 69 —The Rev. Charles Walters, many years curate of Bi- shop’s Waltham. At Droxford, Crawford. the infant son of Major WILTSHIRE. Marricd.]} At Winsley, Robert John Hooper, esq. of Bradford, in this county, to Miss Hughes, only daughter of the Kew Lewis H. of the Isle of Anglesea. Mr. J. Candy, of East Knoyle, to Miss Bond, of Donhead, St. Mary. At Fordingtor, Mr. John Morgan, to Miss Samwayes, only daughter of Mr. Thos. S. of Muckleford, near Bradtord Peverell, Dorset. At 1811.) _ At Yatton-Keynell, Mr. T. Freake, aged 60, to Miss Elizabeth Fords, aged i9. At Wilton, Mr. D. Dawkins, of Barford, to Miss Jane Gassey. Died.] At Burcomb, Mrs. Pitts, relict of Edmund P. esq. 83” : At Dinton, Mr. Henry Hayter, 66. At Salisbury, Miss Fitx, only child of Mr. F. 16.—Mrs. Guyer, wife of Mr. G. and daughter of Mr. Brown, of Wincanton, So- mierset.—Mrs. Radcliffe, wife of the Rev. Mr. R. and daughter of Capt. Brandreth, R.N. i At Alton Barnes, the Rev. John Brereton, rector ef Abbotstoke, Dorset, prebendary of Salisbury cathedral, and one of his Majesty’s justices of the peace for this county. At Crockerton, near Warminster, Mrs. Hinton. At Trowbridge, Elizabeth, wife of Mr. New. Mr. Cunnington, (whose death is men- tioned at p. 194, of this volume,) though brought up in the bustle of trade, was ever assiduous to acquire knowledge, and possessing good natural abilities ; his mind, at an early age, took a turn to scientific pursuits. This occasioned a sedentary mode of lifg, which deranged the nervous system and for the last twenty years he becamea victim toa debility which nothing but air and exercise could prevent from proving fatal. Thus called upon to support nature, his daily rides and excursions on the Wiltshire Downs led him to consider the numerous remains of An- tiquity that lie scattered over that interesting district + and here it was that the foundatioa was laid for that splendid History of Ancient Wiltshire, now carrying on by Sir Richard Colt Hoare, of Stourhead. With a nobdle- ness of mind that stamps the character of the baronet, he has thus addressed Mr. Cunning- ton, in the first part of his work, pvefixed to which is an excellent portrait ot him; ‘* Men illustrious either for their noble birth, conspi- cuous character, or distinguished literary abi- licies, have in general engrossed the homage of dedications; but on the present occasion I shall deviate from this long established cus. tom, and gratify my private fealings by paying a tribute that is due to justice and friendship. To vou, therefore, Sir, who first projected the plan of this history, and by your incerest- ing collections, and important discoveries, encouraged me to pursue it, this work is most gratefully dedicated.” Mr. Cunnington in this pursuit had procured a collection of British antiquities that were not, and perhaps never will be, surpassed by any in the king- dom; and, when this subject was somewhat exhausted, his mind led him to that of Mi- nerals and extraneous Fossils, of which he had procured a beautiful and interesting col- lection. The ready access that was given to view his cabinets, and the pleasure he always experienced in affording information, drew many virtuosi to his house, where they were Berks—Somerset. 393 no less charmed with the Museum, than they were with the arfabflity of the possessor. In his domestic character he was all that could call forth ¢*the fond parental soul 5” and in the havpy circle round his fire-side, he diffused among his young auditors those precepts of virtue, those principles of know- ledge, and those maxims of men and manners that will ever remain on the minds of those who heard them. Here also it was, that parental affection saw the rising virtues of the child—here were implanted those se¢ds that bloomed around the parens stock—and heré religion instructed.the infant mind to look through Nature up to Nature’s God. He died in his 57th year 5 and his death was of that nature so calm and pure, which the good man hails as his veal existence. BURKSHIRE. Married.] At Wargrave, the Rev. W. Edmund Estcourt, rectér of Newnton, Wilts, and Skipton Moyne, Gloucestershire, - to Bertha, daughter of T. Wyatt, esq. Lieut. Bradley, R.N. to Harriet, second daughter of the Rev. Mr. D’Avenant, of Kintbury Lodge. ' At Reading, Mr. C. Mobb, surgeon, of Southampton, to Miss Harman, on'y daughter of the Jate James H. esq.—Mr, Parkyns, sur= geon, to Mary, second dayghter of the late J. Butley, esq. , At Harwell, Mr. Regis, tu Miss King. , At Abingdon, John Eldridge, esq. of Old Park, near Devizes, Wilts. to Miss Blake. * Died.| At Windsor, Mrs. Burton, relict of Thas. B. esq. At Boyn Hill, near Maidenhead, Mr. W. Francis, master of the grammar schvol at Hungerford. ) At Wallingford, Edward Wells, esq. senior alderman of the corporation, and who had four times served the office of mayor of that borough, 62 ' At Pangburn, T. Martyn, esq. At Knighton,-Mrs. Parsons. At Reading, in consequence of her clothes taking fire, Mrs. Hill, 85. At Faringdon, Mrs. Elizabeth Kerley, 91. At Wargrave, Robert Winch, esq. SOMERSET. Married.] At Bath; Thos. White, esq. of Prince of Wales’s Island, to Louisa, daughter of Robert More, esq. of Linley, Salup — R. M. ‘lighe, esq. to Miss Macdermot, only danyhter of Sir P.M, bart. : At Bristol, Dr. Pritchard, to Anna Maria, dauvhter of Dr, Estlin. Licut.-col. Blommart, 62d regt. to Miss Elizabeth Escott, of Harrow House. Died.] At Bath, the Alon. and Rev. Free devick Hamilton, eldest son of Lord Archibald H.—Lady Wilmot, relict of Sir Robert Mead W. bart. of Chaddesdon, Derby, 70.—Wliza- beth, fourth daughter of the lace Rev. Herbert Randolph, prebendary of Salisbury. — Mrs. Stroud, wile of Mr. 5. of the New Rooms. Fainy, Stone, of Letcombe _ «present master,” 304 Fanny, daughter. of.the tate Thos. Percival, M.D.—Mrs. Allen, wife of John A, esy.— Mrs. Jenkins, telict of John J. esq. of Stone, , Gloucestershire.—In his 69th year, the Rev. N. Morgan, M.A. rector of Dean, North- amptonshire ; end of Charlcombe, annexed to the Mastership of the Grammar-school of this ~ ity; which last important situation he held yabout 40 ycars, and for which he possessed _every superior qualinfcation., In a recent Jocal. publication it is stated that ¢* Under the Rev. Mr. Morgan this school has been most eminently usciul to the eity, and to the kingdom at large ; several of its pupils having filled eminent offices in church and state, and others distinguished themselves highly in the service of their country. Sucha public school, where youth. are so firmly grounded in a pure classical education, and where the domestic arrangements are of the first order will be ever considere® an honour to the city ; and we trust the corporation in their future -appointment to this important trust, will act as independently, and be as furtunate in their choice, as they were when they elected the Little did the writer think when he. composed the aboye eulozium, that the Body would. have the melancholy task of appointing a successor so soon imposed’ upon tliem. A few days indisposition finished the earthly career of this mostxable scholar and muuch respecied man. ..; At Bristol, Sydenham, Teast, esq. 69. At the. Hotwells, the Rev. Geo, Smith, vicar of Urghfont, and of Alderbury, Pitton, sand Farley,. Wilts, and brother of Sir Edw. Sinith, bart. af Newland Parl, Yorkshire. At Clifton; the Countess Dowager of Cavan. e—Louisa, the wife of the Rt. Hon. Robert Ward. —Henry, third son of D. P. O. Okeden, esq. of Bath, At Avistays, J.T. B. Marwood, esq. one of the richest commoners in the west of Eng- land, having left property estimated at up- wards of halfa million sterling. This large property devolves in four equal shares to his three sisters, and the jssue of a sister deceased, viz. to Mrs. Stevens,.of Cross House, Devon; Mrs. Notley, of Chillington, Somersetshire , Mrs. Wolcott, of Lyme Regis, Dorsetshire ; and the issue of the late Mrs. Elton, of Greenway, Devonshire. At Five-Head House, near Taunton, Dr. Crane, F.R.S. At Broomwell-house, hisresidence, near Bristcl, in his 88th year, which he had en- tered in. the full possession of his vigorous ‘faculties, the Re. Hon. John (the eighth) Lord Colville of Colross, in Scotland. His early life was passed in active military duty. He was of the expedition against Cartha- _gena in 1740, when his father, the sixth Lord Colville, commanded a regiment, and where he lost his life. He was at the battle of Fontenvy in 17453 of Culloden in 1746; ’ and of Lafeldt in 1747 5 and in 1761, he ac- companied his regiment (the Scotch fusileers) Dorset—Devonshires [May 1, to the siege of Belisle. At the peace of 1763, he quitted the army, after. 24 years” service, -and retired to the privacy of domestie life 5 where the exercise of all the social virtues attached to him the affections of his family, and has endesred hs memory jo his surviving friencs. ° On the death of his brother, Alex- ander, Vice-Admiral of the White,, the s¢- venth Lord Cwlviile of Colross, he succeeded to the honours of his house. — The ttle devolves upon hi» eldest sos in the royal navy. DORSETSH! Died.| At Stepleton, aged-70, F ford, esq. a ceiebrated fox hunter of ‘* Letters on. Hunting,” pub quarto volume, in 1781. .Litile treatise,on suchan art might have bern pected, this work proclaims its author a maw of letters, as well.as a keen: sportsman. - | At Wimborne, Anne, eldest daughter of Mr. Castleman, solicitor. At Wimborne Minster, Mr, ‘Christophe: Vey. Ww » John,-acuptain RE. sOactic tS ai ex~ DEVONSHIRE. The Mayor and-Commonality of Biisanciuth, anxious for the improvement of the town and port, have raised by subscription 16,0001. to purchase the lease of Sutton Pool, from rhe present lessees to his Royal. Highness the Prince of Wales, us Duke of Cornwall, for improving that capacious beson. This sum makes 46,0001. subscribed . by. the. mayor, _comimonalty, and inhabitants of this opulent town, in the short space of three months, for Various improvyemeats in this town and -its vicinity. Indepeadent of these a number of mercantile gentlemen have come to the de- termination of erecting a large and exrenseve sale.room, for the general purposes of trade, to which will/he attached an Exchange, for merchants, tradesmen, masters of ships, &c, The great increase of population and come merce in this town, within the last seven years, render such an undertaking, an object of the first consideration, and there can be no doubt that it wiil meet with the approbae tion and support of the residents and occas sional visitors of the port. Married.] At Tavistock, James Lidden, esq. of Bridport, to Miss Baron, only daughter of the late John B. esq. At Kingsbridge, W. Bennett, esq. Major of the Cornwali Militia, to Mrs. Wilcox, widow of the late Rev. John W. : At Stoke-church, Lieut. Wm. Rithardson, of the Royal Navy, to Miss Field, only daughter of George F. esq. of Castle-Farmy near Plymouth. Died.| At Exmouth, Mrs. Young, wife of Capt. Y. of the Worcester Militia. — Col. Spol, formerly in the service of the East India Company. At Plymouth, in the Royal Naval Hospital, Mr. Richard Rose, gunner of his Majesty’s ship Neptune. (On vupening the body it ap- peared that his death had been occasioned by an » eee ee 1811.) an inflammation of the heart, on inspecting which very minutely, a pin of the common sizéy without a head, was discovered in the Muscular part, supposed to have been, taken into the stomach with his food.—Lieut. Crews, late commander of the Basilisk gun brig.— Mr. Howell of London. At Ottery, St. Mary, James Yelverton, * e@sq. 49. At Honiton, Mr. Robert Gidley, late an eminent atturney of that place, 88, At Totnes, suddenly, whilst at church, Wm. Bental, esq 74: At Heavitree, Samuel Tappen, esq, late 1st lieutenant of his Majesty’s ship, Rainbow. At Exeter, Mr, William Sarell, peace officet and inspector of the poor for the corpo- ration, and late keeper of the county goal. Mrs. Mary Discombe, at the very advanced age of 101. She had 18 children, 37 grand children, and 34 great grand children, the whole of whom, except two, are now sur- viving. ! Mr. Christopher Turner Johnson, late sur. geon and lecturer on anatomy in Exeter, aculist to the west of England Kye Infirmary, and member of the Royal College of surgeons of London, and of the Royal Medical Society of Edinburgh. His disorder was a typhus fever, brought on, as is supposed, by a severe sold, combined with the ill effects of an acci- dental puncture by scissars, employed in dis- section. Mc. J. received a thorough profes- sional education in Edinburgh and London: and his zealous application and. eminent ta- ents enabled him to come into the world at the early age of twenty-four, with testimo- nials from Mr. Ashley Cooper, and Mr. Saunders, indicating the highest possible esti- mation of his professional qualifications, It is less than two years.since he came to reside at Exeter; but in that short period, he gra- dually acquired a degree of reputatien for accurate and extensive anatomical knowledge and surgical skill ; for-clearness, penetration, comprehensiveness, and coolness of judgment, and for temperate yet decisive firmness, which is rare at a more advanced period of life. He Spared no expence or exertion in gaining, or in communicating kSowledge. If it had pleased Providence.to spare his life, there is no reasonable ground for doubt, that he would have ranked among the very first of hig pro- fession in this islaud. He had a high sense of the utility of his profession; his unosten- » tatious goodness: prompted him to employ his surgical talents among the poor, to an extent which is known but to few; but those know that there-are.many in that class of society who weep for» kim as a kind benefactor.— His protessional conduct. was: peculiarly cal- éulated to conciliate the good will of his.pros fessiona! brethren. ‘There was.no assumption of superiority to disgust, no miean arts to in- jure: he carefully studied the proprieties of his protession, andias carefully observed-them. Amd in all shis. he bad nothing. toido.but to Cornwall—Wales. 395 follow the habitual promptings of his own: upright; benevolent, heart. He had no ab- liguity of mind, no sinister views, no ends which required secrecy ; all was fair and open. Those who have the niournful satisfaction of having shared his intimacy, never saw-in hit! any thing that appeared unsuitable to what! they expected fronr his character; and in proportion as this was known, the-more it ‘interested and delighted. His cultivated un. derstanding, excellent sense, well regulated feelings, and sterling worth, made that inti- macy regatded as a treasure; and his delicacy’ of mind, his disinterestedness and generosity, his candour, Icindness, simplicity, and sin cerity, obtained the affectionate confidence of his patients, and of all his friends, CORNWALL, A new corn market and school room ares about to be built at Camelford. Married.| AtFalmouth, Mr. Geo: Perkins, to Ann, daughter of the late Capt. Snow. — Mr. Henry Snow, to Miss Harriet Richards. At St. Stephens, by Saltash, Mr. John Evans, of the latter place, to Miss M. Z. Mugg, eldest daughter of the Rev. Henry M. of Chudleigh. At Lanteglos, Capt. John Moore, of the Prince Madat, of Portsmouth, in America, to Miss Wilcocks. : Died.] At Falmouth, Miss Peters, eldest daughter of John P. esq. 26.—Joshua, son of Mr. Wm.Parkes, 27.——Mr. Robt. Dyte, 87.—~< Mr. Barnet Falck, 63.—-Mrs. Jenkin, wife of Mr. James J.—Mrs. Symons. : At St. Columb, Mr.. Wm, Hitchins, of - the Ship Inn —Mrs. Bond, 70. ; At Bodenick, near Fowey, Mrs. Mary Truscott, 80. She had been blind above 50 years. ? At Camelford, Elizabeth, wife of Richard Mabyn, esq. alderman. At Padstow, Mr. Wm. Rawling. — Mr. Thos. Hawker, 80. At Launceston, Stephen Spettigue, esq. attorney, an alderman of that borough, and agent for French prisuncrs ef war there. At Trevartha, Mr. Edmund Snéll. At St. Austell, Mr. Edward Thomas, 55: He was found by his wife dead in his bed bes side her. : : At St. Neots, Mrs. Olympia Morsheady. relict of Wm. M, esq. of Carruther, in this county, 86. At Kestormel Castle, the Hext, esq. At’ Mevagissey, Mr. Thos. Shepherd. WALES, The erection of a building on Moel Famma to commemorate the Jubilee held on our be4 loved Sovereign’s having reigned’ 50 years, it is said, has induced Lord Kenyon to purchase the mountain from ‘Government and it is probable, that the approach to its summit, will in, the course of a few years, be through the thick foliage of surrounding woods, acs cording-to‘histery, the original decoration’ of all infant son of Ji 296 all these mountains. A design, in the Egyp- wan siyle of architecture, has been selected . ter the jubilee tower, by the committee for that purpose, from the drawing of Mr. Har- rison ; preferred for its-simtplicity of form, and the ease with which it maybe executed from the rude materials of the country. Married.| At Caraigan, the Rev. W. Mor- gan, of Llandewy Veltrey, Pembroke, to Miss Makeig, of Dolewillim, Carmarthen. At Tenby, Cadwallader Edwards, esq. of the county of Wicklow, Ireland, to Miss ‘Tudor. ‘ - At Florence, near Tenby, Mr- Griffiths, of Sandersfuot, to Margaret, youngest davgh- ter of J. Hoody, esq. of Flemington, Pem- brokeshire. , Died.] At Denbigh, Mrs. Mycdleton, of Menllan Place, relict of the Rev. Thomas M, vicar of Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, 63- _ At Bala, Mrs, Jinnet Roberts. She resiced 45 years on a small farm in the neighbour- hood of Bala, in great distress; but for nine years preceding June, 1809, she received re- lief from the parish of Llanddervel. About this time, with the assistance of some friends, she commenced 2 suit in chancery, against the executors of the late Robert Jones, esq. (2n eminent brandy merchant) of Sc. Mary’s Hill, to whom she was first cousin, and next of kin. After the delay which cases of this kind are subject to, she obtained about six months ago, a decree fiom the Chancellor, which put her in-possession of a moiety of the estate, amounting to upwards of 150,000}. In Swansea, Mrs, Barber, relict of M. Barber, esq- At Llansadwrnen, near Laugharne, Car- marthenshire, Methusalem Wiliams, but- cher, at the advanced ave of 104.years, NORTH BRITAIN. A scheol is opened in Edinburgh by the Tancasterian Society there. Mr. Lancaster Jectured twice in the ‘lheatre Royal, Edin- burgh, to a numerous and crowded audience, and was received with the acclamations of near 1900 persons. j Some time past his Royal Highness the Duke of Kent visited Mr. Lancaster’s insti- tution, the Royal Free-school, Borough-read. The impression made on the benevolent mind of his Royal Highness was, that the leading parts of the plan would be highly serviceable for the poor children in his regi- ment; and on the spot he formed an ar- rangement for, extending its benefits to 200 soldiers of his tattalion. Mr. L. instructed one of the duke’s non-commissioned oilicers in the system, and it was introduced twelve months ago at Malden, were the battalion were then quartered. Afterwards the bat- talion removed to Dunbar, and thence to Stirling Castle. The effect of seeing the school has been such on the worthy magis- trates of Stirling, that they have’ granted the use.of the Guildhall of that town for a: school-room, on conditien that a number of North Britain—TJreland. its benefits. [May 1, children of the town are allowed to partake Thus the Duke of Kent has the merit of setting an excellent exaiuple to the regiments of the line, and Colonel M‘Leod ana the officers of the 4th battalion, by secouding the benevolent wishes of their royal commander with reat energy, bave done themselves much honour. ; The cutting of the canal betwixt Clach- naharry and Lochness is now nearly com- pleted; and, as nothing remains to be done but the Sea Lock at Clachnaharry and the regulating Lock at Loch-end, there is little doubt but the communication to Port Aus gustus will be opened by the end of next year at farchest. . Diced} At Dunsinnan House, Sir Wil- liam Naivne, of Dunsinnan, bart. lately one of the Lords of Session, and one of the Lords Commissioners of Justiciary. At Craigtown, Mr. John Dun, farmer, at the advanced age of 103. He was 50 before he was married: he has left a widow and eight children, and, what is simgular, he is the first breach by death in his famiiy. At Dalkeith House, Lady Caroline Doug- Jas, eldest daughter of the Marquis of Queensberry. At Crimond, in his 208th year, John Cowie, bellman. In bis youth he fought the battles of his country by sea and land, and was discharged as worn out in the year 17393 but again took up arms in the memo- rable year of Culloden. As he advanced in life, a considerable variation was observed in the use which he had of his faculties. For some time he was under the necessity of using spectacles; end during the last few years of his life he could read the smallest print without them. When he was about seventy, having secured the affections of a woman who had some money, he thought himself too old or too rich for being bell- man. Another was appointed, who kept the office twenty-five years, at whose death Johnapplied to be reinstated. He discharged the dutics of the office till within ten days of his death; and in the exercise of it he re- covered the use of all his faculties, which had become much impaired during the period of his inactivity. He bad two daughters (twins) by his last wile. IRELAND. A school for 1000 children, on the Royal Langasterian system, is to be adopted in Belfast. ‘The school-room is already built, and Mr. Lancaster is likely to be present at the opening of the school. When the eco- nomy of the plan comes to be known in Ire- land, there can be no doubt that country will be as greatly benefited by it as England has been. ¢ Died.] In Dublin, the. Right Hon. Sir Hercules Langrishe, bart. one of his Ma- jesty’s most honourable Privy Council, and representative for the borough of Knock- topher, in the parliament of Ireland; He was ¥811.] was the son and hetr of Robert Langrishe, esq. of Knocktopher; was sworn of the privy council, appointed a commissioner of revenue, and created a baronet by letters patent January 24,1777. Sir Hercules mar- ried Hannah, second daughter and co-heiress of Robert Myhill, esq. and sister of the late Marchioness of Ely, and had issue, 1. Robert, Member for Knocktopher, married Anne, daughter of Bellingham Boyle, grand-daugh- ter of Lord Primate Hoadly. 2. James. 3. Mary Jane, married James Wilson, of Par- sonstown, in the county of Wicklow, esq. 4. Elizabeth, married the Rev. Christopher Robinson, son of Christopher Robinson, a Judge of the Court of King’s Bench. Sir Hercules is succeeded in title and estate by his eldest son, now Sir Robert Langrishe, bart. Sir Hercules enjoyed the friendship of Burke ; and his ¢¢ Letters on the State of the Irish Catholics” are addressed to the Faronet. * At Lough Swilly, on board H. M. S. Sal- danha, which he commanded, Captain John Stuart, son of the late Sir Charles S. K-B. He was some time flag-captain to Sir R. Bick- @rton, in the Mediterranean. DEATHS ABROAD. " On the 10th of June, at Vizagapatam, in Monthly Commercial Report. 397 the prime of life, the Rev. Augustus Deg Granges, English Missionary, (who left his residence at Gosport, seven years since) be- loved and regretted by all who knew him, Europeans and natives. He manifested great devoutness to God, and intense application and unwearied perseverance in the discharge of his sacred*functions. Among other labours, the benefits.of which, we trust, will by no means cease with his valuable life, he was particularly engaged, with thé assistance of a learned Bramin convert, in translating the New Testament into Telinga; a work for which he was well qualified, by a critical knowledge of the Greek, and a considerab’e acquaintance with the Telinga languages, no less than by heartfelt experience of the power of the gospel of Christ unto salvation. At the house of her grandson, in Nassauy New Providence, in the 91st year of her age, the Hon. Anne Lovisa Moreton, widow of the late Hon. Charles Moreton, (who was the youngest son of Matthew, the first Lord Ducie) and materoal grandmother of Henry Moreton Dyer, esq. Judge of the Vice Ade miralty Court of the Bahama Islands. RS RS a BRITISH TRADE MONTHLY COMMERCIAL REPORT. AND Manouractures.—The Honourable the East-India Company have declared for sale, the undermentioned goods, viz. Medy Bonet ot cece 42 300,000 — Congou and Campoi... 4,300 000 — Pekoe and Souchong.-. 80,000 = Singlo and Twankey.. 800,000 ° — Hyson skm.....-..- 60,000 = Hyson ......-.- seas) S2605060 Total 5,500,000 Ibs. net,on Wednesday June 5, 1811. - Prompt the 30th of August following. The manufacteries of Manchester, Nottingham, Birmingham, &c. &c. continue, we are sorry to say, in the same state as reported by us in our last. The sugar market has rather advanced in prices, and good Jamaica’s may be quoted at 67s. to 80s. per cwt..5 those of the other islands from 60s. to 70s. per cwt. Rum, Jamaica, exclusive of duty and excise, sells at 4s. 10d. to 6s. 5d. per gallon; Leeward Island ditto, at 4s. 4d. to 4s. 10d. per ditto. Coffee from 60s. to 80s. per cwt. ; West India Cotton-wool, from is 2d, to 1s. 8d. per Ib. The East India Company declare for sale on the 8th of May, prompt the 9th of August following, 2301 bags of pepper (prize of the Goeda Vresv,) dye-stuffs, cotton-wool, and all articles used in the manufactories are at mere nominal prices, owing to the present stage nation of trade in Lancashire and its neighbourhood, and likely to continue so, until we shall have foreign markets open for our cotton goods, &c. ; France.—The German mails, lately arrived, have opened so far an intercourse with this country, for money negotiation, but the restrictions are so rig-d on the Continent, that it is dangerous to risk either the drawing or excepting bills between the two countries, and in consequence thereof little or nothing is done in that way. By these mails, we are ine formed that the ports of Bordeaux, &c. &c. are full of wines, brandies, &c. and no port open to receive them, although offered at very low prices. All other kind of commerce is totally extinct in France, and their fabricated paper money bear an enormous discount. PortTucar.—The accounts of the last mail from Lisbon, fully informs us of this coun- try being at length completely cleared of the French, by the allied armies, and that in Sonsequence of it, the paper-money bears mow only a discount of 2 per cent, which Montury Maa, No, 212. E afew = =: = ei | — ae oo 4 n mahi 7 ‘ - $93° | Naturalist's Monthly Reports [May: ts afew months back was at 30 per cent!’ Such are the changes caused by the efforts of our- brave countrymen. The trade, however, must take a considerable time to get into its. usual channel. 3 ; , Spain.—A dreadful hurricane took place here the beginning of the present month, when upwards of 150 sail of ships, chiefly lying in the bay at Cadiz, drove ovt tosea ; upwards - of forty sail were totally lost, and the remainder suffered considerable damage. Two of - their register ships had arrived from South America, bringing remittances in dollars to the amount of upwards of one million British sterling, as also considerable remittances in pro= duce to the Spanish merchants. West Inozres,—By the last mails, we are informed of the fleet’s arrival at the Leeward and Windward islands from Cork, with a plentiful supply of provisions of all kinds, of which the states were inthe greatest want of. The islands are amply supplied, and indeed overstocked with all kinds of British manufactured goods, and considerable remittances in produce were shipping for Great Britain, &c. &c. Soutn America.—The markets here begin to get rather more brisk than usual, for all our manufactured goods, and trade with the Spanish settlements, were brisk to a degree unknown hitherto. We however recommend our mercantile friends to be careful in not™ shipping off goods, (as hitherto) of inferior quality, the market already having been over stocked with large quantities of low-priced Manchester goods, for which no sale can be had, é Current Prices of Shares in Navigable Canals, Docks, Bridizes, Roads, Water Works, and > Fire and Life Insurance Companies, at the Office of Messrs. Wolfe and Co. Canal Dock and Stock Brokers, No.9,’Change Alley,Cornhill, 22d Apri!, 1811.—Ashby dela Zouch Capal:. 241. per share.—Croydon ditto, 27]. ditto. —Grand Junction ditto, 2501. ditto.—-Grand Surry ditto, 981. ditto.—Huddersfield ditto, 291. ditto.—-Kennet and Avon ditto, 421. ditto. Lancaster ditto, 251. ditto.—Leeds and Liverpool ditto, 1851. ditto.—Leicestershire and Northamptonshire Union ditto, 1061. ditto.—Peak Forest ditto, 80], ditto. Rochdale ditto, 521. ditto —T hames and Medway ditto, 75]. ditto.—Wilts and Berks ditto, 341. ditto.—-Worcester and Birmingham ditto, 401. ditto.—East Country Dock, 751. ditto—London ditto, 126% "per cent.—Ditto Scrip, 254 ditto premium, West India ditto, 1641. ditto.—Commercial Road dittog 1561. ditto.—East London Water Works, (exclusive of the appropriation,) 1661. per share.—.« Grand Junction ditto, 91. per share, premium.—Kent ditto, 25], ditto.—-South London ditto, DU5I. per share.—West Middlesex dito, 1081. ditto.—Ditto New, til: per sharey premium.—Aibion Insurance Office, 571. ditto,—-Globe ditto, 11921. ditto.—Imperial dittoy * 811. ditto. The average prices of Navizable Canal Property, Dock Stock, Fire-office Shares, &c. in April, 1811, (to the 25h) at the Office of Mr. Scott, 28, New Bridge-street, London. Trent and Mersey, or Grand Trunk Canal, 11701. the last half-yearly dividend at the rate of 451. per share clear, per annum.—Birmingham, 10851. ex divideud 211. clear.—Coven- try, 8551 dividing at the rate of 52!. per share.—Grand Junction, 2611. to 2451.—-Shrews- bury, 1451. dividing 81.—Kennet and Avon, 431.to42I. 10s.— Wilts ana Berks, 351. 10s. to 291. 10s —Rochdale, 541. to 5%). 10s.—Ellesmere, 801. 821. to841.—Grand Union, 81. disq count.—Lancaster, 25]. ex dividend 1]. per share, clear.—Ashdy-de-la-Zouch, 241.—Grand Surrey, 94].—New ditto, 11. 10s. premium.—Thames and Severn new shares, 321.to-371. —Croydon, 50].—West India Dock Stock, 165l-—-London Dock, 126|1.—Ditto Scrip, 241. per cent. premium.—Commercial Dock old shares, 1591. with new share attached.—Albion- Assurance, 571.—Globe, 11931. to 1901.—Rock, 18s. premium.—-East London Water. Works, 1801.—Grand Junction ditto, 8]. 10s. to 71. 17s. 6d. premium.—London Insti- tution, 681. 5s.—Strand Bridge, 121. discount.—London Flour Company, %1.—Dover- Street-road, 10s. to 11. premium.—Commercial Road, 135]. per cent. ex half-yearly divi- dend. 31, a NATURALIST’s MONTHLY REPORT. MARCH. Love’s pleasing ferment gently now begins To warm the flowing blood. N° weather could possibly have been more acceptable at this season of the year, than that which we have experienced during the course of the present month. The crops are all looking well. Nor have we yet had any of those furious gales which are usually expected about this time. There were strong gales from west-northwest on the 3d, and from west- soutii west onthe 6h, 7th, and 8th, and these were the only boisterous days we have had, The wind was westerly, or-nerth-west, from the 1st to the 5th, in the afternoon of which day it wassouth. Onthe 6th, 7th, and 8th, it was west-south-west ; on the 9ch north-east, and afterwards west, Ow the 12th it was easterly, and so continued till the 18ch, when it veered round ~ 1811.) > Monthly Agricultural Réport. 399 round to west. On the 22d it was north, and from the following day to the end of the month easterly. Thae was rain onthe 1st, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th,°and 22d, but during all the remainder of the month the weather was dry. March 5th. Rooks have begun to build their nests; and daffodils are in flower. The capsules of several speciesof moss now adorn the banks of hedges and ditches, and the tops of old walls. ; March 7th. The marsh marygolds (ca/tha palustris) are in flower, and give to all the wet meadows a golden hue. Aine March 8th. Several kinds of insects crawl out of their hybernacula, in old buildings, par ticularly spiders, millipedes, and a species of the slow-beetle, or darling (tentbrio mertisagus of Linnzus, blaps mortisaga, of Marshara). March 10th. ‘he vernal whitlow-grass (draba verna), and purple dead.nettle (/amium pure pureum) are in flower. 4 : " March 11th. Some of the smaller kinds of ants are busily employed in opening their holes, and clearing their nests. On attentively observing them, they are seen to bring out grains of sand or other small objects which incommode them in their habitation, and to de- posit them at a little distance on the exterior of their holes, March 12th. A caterpillar was this day seen crawling upon theroad, Seven dark coloured butterflies were flitting about the fields. March 14th. The farina of the male yew-trees is blown off by the wind in great uantity. ; The icecid ofall the small birds is now in the very height of its beauty, Bird-catcherg technically call the plumage, at this season, their ‘* wedding garments,” The flowers of some of the willows begin to fade. ‘ _ March 18th, The leaves of the lilac and weeping willow appear, Primroses and violets are in flower. ‘March 20. Water lizards are seen in abundance in two or three of the shallow and gravelly ponds of this neighbourhood. But [have not yet remarked that they have begun to spawn. : : : ‘ 4 ork 21. The roads, which only a few days ago, had pools of water standing in almost every hollow, are now quite dry and dusty. ; ' _ March 24. The leaf-buds of the mulberry-tree appear nearly ready to burst ; but it is probable that these trees wiil not be in leaf, for several days. The leaves of the bramble, woodbine, and elder, have been out some time. March 26. A species of wood~bug, which I think is cimex baccarum, was this day broughe to me. _ The scentless violet (wisla canina) and common stitchwort (stellaria holsltea) are in flower, March 28. This was a peculiarly hot day for theseason. Insects of numerous kinds were in active employment. Bees were flying about such plants as were in flower; sand-wasps (ammopbila vulgaris) about sandy banks ; and opatrum sabylosum, several species of curculio, and gmall carabi, crawling about among the stunted vegetation of the road-sides, March 30. Lapwings fly screaming over the wet meadows. March 31. The easterly winds, which have prevailed for the last nine days of the month, have been extremely seasonable. They have tended considerably to check vegetation, which, during the preceding warm weather, was making too rapid a progress for this early part of the ear. I have not yet remarked that any of the standard fruit-trees are in flower. Hampshire. MONTHLY AGRICULTURAL REPORT. OWING the lent corn, and potatoe planting, are nearly completed ; the lands have worked. remarkably well, and no seed season, within memory, was ever gone through under hap jer auspices. The forward pease, as yet, appear thin upon the ground. Beans and oats never ooked more luxuriant or healthy. The bop-bine strong, forward, and healthy. The wheats Bniversally of fine appearance and high promise; those which were injured in the winter either recovered or recovering very rapidly. ares, rye, grass, natural and artificial, in the “naa condition, and most’rapid’state of vegetation. The turnips, both Swedish and English, ave been eked out wonderfully in the eastern counties, continuing good, andthe cattle thriving uponthem to the last. The blossom and shew-for fruit of all kinds, most abundant and beau-. tiful, promising an uncommon fruit season, granting no blight intervene. The sheep and lambs in a most prosperous state, of improvement, the season remarkable for the number of double births. Lamb tor market scarcely ever before so forward; great flocks. Gf-couples have, however, come to market, ou account of the high price of hay, and‘the de- 3 sire ee % oie il a \f - - * * — ” "" } 400 Meteorological Report. [May 1. sire of saving the grass foracrep: Markets+ a leanstock, higher since the late warm showers, and the prospect fora grass crop. Fat stock lower than at Michaelmas. Pigs in great abun- dance, and cows. Horses of good quality very dear. Straw has proved indifferentin quality, but more in quantity than was expected. Stock of wheat on hand universally considerable, of barley and oats very great. Vast quantities of péa, barley; and bean, meal haye been con. sumed by live stock in course ot the season: Ojil-cake 15 guineas per M., Suffolk butter 84s per firkin. The country never manifested a more general state of prosperity, — Smithfield : Beef, 4s, 4d. to 5s. 2d.!—Mutton, 48: 6d. to 5s. 2d. j—Lamb, 6s.to 7s. 4d, —Veal, 6s. to 7s. 4d. ;—Pork, 4s. 8d. to 6s. 8d. ;—-Bacon, 7s. to 7s. 4d.—Irish ditto, 5s. Gd. to 5s. 10d. ;—Fat, 3s 8d. ;—Skins, 20s, to 25s. , Middlesex, April 25, 1811. METEOROLOGICAL REPORT. Observations on the State of the Weather, from the 24th of March, 1811, to the 24th of April, 1811, inclusive, Four Miles N.N.W. St. Paul's. ‘ Barometer. : Thermometer. Highest, 30°20. March x7. Wind S.E. Highest, 71° Aptil 22; 23,24: Wind S.B. Lowest, 26°80, April 19. ——S.W. Lowest, 28° mma 1(; —— W. Oix:the ath hat Ave the morning of the 12th instant, the Greatest ) j fe en Pare Greatest thermometer wasatthe sana’ 44 hun- }stvod at 29-44, and eet ts a : F aOR OT acetle'lof crak tebe same hour |. Vatiationin 4 22°. freezing point, and at 4 hours. Graeh: on the 7th it stood | 24 hours. the same hour on the at 29-00. 13th it was as high as 54°. The quantity of rain fallensince the last Report of it, is equalto nearly 2 inches in depth. The season has, indeed, been remarkably dry, and, the easterly winds being apparently set in, we may expect much more dry weather, with occasional showers only. The gardens seqguire rain, but the season must be favourable for sowing the spring-corn, and also for the wheat. iS » Snow fe}}on the 7th of the present month, but, on the three days prior to the present, we have had almost summer heat; the severé easterly wind of this day has caused a varia= tion of 9° in the thermometer, and to the feelings there is a still greater difference. There liave been tWenty very brilliant days in the month: the average height of the thermometer for the month is 48°5, and that of the barometer 29°54. The wind has blown chiefly from the easterly quarters. | Highgate, April 25,1811. TO CORRESPONDENTS. We have received from Mr. Bakewatt, Mineralogical Surveyor; of Warwick- court, an interesting Essay on the Application of the Principles of Mineralogical and Chemical Science to the Selcitum of the Stones for the various purposes of Architec. ; ture, which will appear in our next. An interesting Memoir of Mr. Paux Sanpiey is also deferred, as well as some other approved articles. ; Correspondents in general are informed that if their communications donot come Sree of postage, they are returned to the Post- Office. Other authenticated facts relative to Strumonium will be thankfully received. Some Irish Correspondents who complain of difficulty in procuring this Magazine, sre informed that it may be had of the Dublin boolisellers, or with more speed of the clerks of the roads, at the General Post-Office. ’ NB. Numbers 74 and 83 of Tuk Montury Macazrne being out of Print, und wanted to complete Sets constantly in demand, Two SuriirNes and S1x?ENCE per Copy will be given for any of those Numbers which may be brought to No. 7, New bridge Street. * Cheyne Walk, Chelsea, April 28, 1811. AL ae LaLa nceTaTEen ss ee Erratum. we. At page 312, line 4, for §¢ sent provisions,” read « such provisions,’”” i \ N “+ oh = - : r >» - fi as : HAE TWD LGN a s. ' MONTHLY MAGAZINE. — No. 213.] JUNE: 1.1811. [5 of Von. 31. - As long as thofe who write are ambitious of making Converts, and of giving thelr Opinions a Maximum of , Influence and Celebrity, the moft’ extenfively circulated Mifcellany will repay” with the ereatek Effccht tie . Guriofity of thofe who read either for Amufement or Inftru‘tion,— JOHNSON, pat THE SUPPLEMENTARY NUMBER. Hitherto our Supplementary Number has been partly occupied with imperfect eriticat . accounts of current English literature, confessedly and necessurily compiled from , those fallible, partial, and corrupt mediums, the periodical anonymous Reviews, _ aided by occasional originality ; in future, however, it is proposed, to substitute im _ place of those wholesale criticisms, interesting gharucteristic extracts from the prin- cipal works published within the half year, acapted at once to gratify our readersy _, to qualify them tojudge of every work for themselves, and to stimulate them to pur= . chase those possessed of evident merit. The Supplement published on the first of August, will be compiled on this plan ; and, to assist our design, we shall feel ours selves obliged to. authors and publishers, who will acconmodute us with the loan of books published between Michaelmas and Lady-day last. Pisttico, May 8, 1811. ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS. For the Monthly Magazine. is owing to the want of mineéralogicak ©n the application of MINERALOGICAL. science in the selection of the materials, “and CHEMICAL SCIENCE tu the seLec- by which they were sentenced to perislt TION of STONE, for the purposes of at an early date. None of them wilt DURABLE ARCHITECTURE. __ rival i duration the temples of anti- HE remains of ancient architecture, quity, and remain two thousand years, which prove the greatness and or more,’ after the ruin of the state, splendour of states and govertiments the august monuments of its former that have long since ceased to exist, greatness. This may with certainty be whilst they impress the mind with a me- predicted from the perishable nature of lancholy conviction of the mutability of the stones of which they are built; they empire, excite also a kind of religious ve- are rapidly decaying, and réquire con< neration for the edifices which have en- stant renovation and repair. vere dured, amidst such great and various Perhaps the following remarks on the ehanges in human affairs, and have seen selection of materials, for the cohstraction a long series of successive generations of public: buildings, nay not be undes perish from the earth. When we com- serving attention at this time, when two pare these monuments of antiquity with new bridges are to be built from London the proudest structures of modern times, and its vicinity, to the southern side of we are forcéd to acknowledge the sus the Thames. The most important quality perior skill, or science, with which the in stone, for purposes of architecture; materials of the former were selected. is durability, ‘or the property of resisting Many of the most splendid works: of our the action of moisture, change of tems eelebrated architects are hastening to’ perature, vegetation, air, and light. It is decay, in, what may be jnstly called, the also required, that the ‘materials of very infancy of their existence, if com- bridges, and many public works, should pared ‘with. the date of public buildings he capable of resisting the effects of vi- which remain in Italy, in ‘Greece, in; bration and'impulse. The most careless Egypt, and the East. This is remark observer: can scarcely have avoided no- ably the case. with the three bridges of ticing, that many kinds of stone decay ndon, Westminster, and Blackfriars; much sooner than others. It isnot oniy the foundations-of which speedily and in stones of. different ‘kinds, that the visibly began to perish in the very life-’ power of resisting decay is variable; even. time of ‘their founders. | "Phe destruction’ in stones. of the same kind, and brought of ancient architecture has been chiefly from the same place, a considerable dife oceasioned by the ravages of wars, and ference in-this respect is found to exist; the desolating hands of superstitious bare butthe-principlesoa which the proper tains, the decay of modern buildings; selection: of building-stone. should be “ Moyruzy Mac, Now 213." sr made 402 made, has been little understood or at- tended to. During a few months’ re- Sidence in the metropolis, I was induced, by the nature of my mineralogical pur- Suits, to pay some attention to the dif- ferent stones of which the pavements and public edifices are constructed. Ou walking into the court of Somerset- house, after some weeks of dry weather, I was particularly struck with the ap- pearance of the columns on the left hand, facing the west. “The stones, in three columns, were some of them en- tirely coated with soot, when the stanes above and below were perfectly white. In other ‘parts, a white stone was be- tween two black ones, and the division of colour as distinct as if the one had -been painted white and the other black. These stones were all equally exposed, and the variation of colour could not be explained by their situation. At first I conceived, that this difference of colour might be occasioned by some sub- stance entering into the composition of the black stone, that had a chemical affinity for ammonia, which is contained In soot; but, on examining some of the stones thatavere within my reach, I found that those which were covered with soot, had a hard, smooth, surface, and the white stones were evidently decaying. The particles on which the soot had fixed, were fallen off, and had laid bare the natural colour of the stone, as per- fectly as if they had been recently scraped with a chissel. In other parts of the building, I observed the visible decom- position of the stone, by moisture, par- -ticularly in the upper part of the alto relievo figures, This edifice, like most of the modern buildings in the metropolis, is constructed of Portland-stone; a peculiar kind of lime-stone, which I shall afterwards more particularly notice. It is evident, how- ever, that this stone which is considered of the same kind, and comes from the same place, varies much in its property of durability. - When the same stone is constantly exposed to the action of water, the dif- ference in its qualities of resisting decay is more apparent, as is evident from an inspection of London, Blackfriars, and Westminster, bridges, at low water.* Se a ee En aR NE! eS Gs OL * The stoves of Westminster bridge ap. pear to have been selected with more know- ledge, as they are much lees decayed than those of Blackfriars; the architect was a Freachman. ‘ 2 Application of Mineralogical and Chemical Science [June 1 The best kind of Portland stone is ill suited to resist the decomposing effects of water, the two former of these mag- nificent bridges, constructed at so much expence, are perishable monuments of the neglect of mineralogical science, In stones of the argillaceous genus, more striking instances of rapid decay occur. I have seen stones of this kind, in their native beds, or quarries, some hundred feet under the surface of the earth, so extemely hard, that they re- sisted the point of the pick-axe, and could only be removed by blasting with gun- powder; yet, when the saine stone was exposed to the air for a few mouths, it became soft and shivered into small pieces, The cause of this sudden de- cay, [ shall afterwards explain, It rarely happens that builders or architects have auy acquaintance with mineralogical'and chemical science, to enable thei to an- ticipate the changes which will be effected in the materials they select, by the action of the agents to which they are to be ex- posed, The loss and disappointment which this ignorance has occasioued in the construction of many publie works, is well known.—A remarkable instance of this kind lately took place at Paris. A gentleman was walking with an eminent mineralogist in one of the newly-erected public edifices; they were pleased with the appearance of some large columns in the interior; when the latter had exa- mined them tore closely, he predicted, from the nature of the stones, that they would perish in less than three years, About ten months after, the gentleman happened to pass the same place, and observed the stones of these columns were shivering so rapidly, that workmen were then enzaged in replacing them; which had become necessary to seeure the roof. In forming the tunnel of the Hud- derstield canal, which is three miles in length, the workmen in one part had tu cut through a bed of stone of consider- able extent, so hard that they were obliged to remove it by blasting. It ap- peared so compact and firm, that ft was thought unnecessary to wall and arch the passage; but, in a few months after the access of air to it, it shivered and fell in; and the removal and repair occasioned much delay and expense. It was a dark campne argillaceous stone, containing oxyd of iron, and resembling son-e kinds of basalt; but its. shistose or slaty structure was soon apparent, and it became as soft as the bituminous shale which accompanies coal, Some kinds of stone. 1811.] stone become harder, by exposure to the atmosphere. An inquiry into the causes of decay in different kinds of stone, “and also in’ stones considered of the same kind, may not be undeserving the attention of the public, To ascertain these causes with pre- ‘eision, it will be necessary to attend, first to the external character of stones, and the qualities and proportions of the earths of which they are composed ; and, ‘secondly, to the decomposing or disin- tegrating effects of the agents to which they are to be exposed. The four earths which form the prin- cipal part of all building-stones are silex, or the earth of flint, clay, lime, and magnesia. The substances which sometimes enter into their composition, and alter their qualitv, are oxyd of iron, water, and carbonic acid: the other ‘earths, or metals, are generally in too small quantities to deserve the attention of the architect. ‘The qualities which these four earths communicate I shall afterwards state. The most important ex- ternal characteristics uf -tone for building are, compactness of texture, hardness, degrees of frangibility, and specific gra- vity. Compact texture, or closeness of grain, is always an advantage in stones of the same kind; for it is evident, that a porous stone will be more exposed to the action of air, or moisture, than a uenser one of the same kind: but com- pactness of texture is no test of excel- dence in stones of different kinds, for chalk is frequently more compact than many kinds of durable sand-stone, Hard- ness is also an important character in comparing varieties of the same species of stone, but it will not serve as a test of durability in stones of a different ge- nus, qj) account of the different effects which different agents have upon them. The hardness of natural or artificial sub- stances is no direct proof of their strength; glass, which is harder than iron, is more frangible than sbft lime- stone. Incompound stones, which have a crystallized texture, we frequently find the parts extremely hard, but the adhe- sion of the parts to each other very slight, as in some kinds of sand-Stone. Great specific gravity, or weight, isa proof of excellence in stones of the same kind, unless it arise from a combination with water, or the presence of iron, which 18 a circumstance deserving great atten- tion; as iron, when in combination with stones, is acted upon by air and water, which. oecasions their decay, Some to the Selection of Stones for durable Architecture. 403 -basalts, which are extremely compact, ponderous, and hard, striking fire with steel, contain more than 25 per cent. of iron, and are soon decomposed at the surface, when exposed to the atmosphere, In general, specific gravity, where it does not arise from the absorption of water, and the presence of iron, or other me- tallic earths, may be considered as a quality indicating excellence for purposes of architecture. No stones, except those which contain the earth of strontian, or barytes, weigh three times as heavy as an equal bulk of water, unless they are combined with some metallic substance, which is generally iron. The specific gravity of few stones, except foreign mar- bles, exceeds 2.80, unless some iron be present. The quality of the three earths, silex, clay, and lime, is essentially distinct; but there are scarcely any stones that can be employed in architecture, in which they are not more or less combined together; communicating their character according to the proportion in which they combine. | Hardness is a_ distinctive character of stones, into which silex enters in a very large proportion. Silex being insoluble in water, and all the acids, except one of rare occuirence, silicious stones are, of all others, the most durable, and best suited for the foundation of bridges, piers, and docks, Silicious stones are frequently com. pounds, containing two, three, or more, substances, united together ina granular or crystallized form. Granite is composed of quartz, felspar, and mica. The quartz contains more than ninety parts of silex, the felspar sixty, and the mica, which is generally in the smallest proportion, about forty, The grains, or crystals, though distinct, are as firmly imbedded and united to each other, as if they had been melted together, Granite is not only extremely hard, but is also very. infrangible, re- sisting the effects of violent percussion, Some kinds of porphyry, which contain crystals of felspar, imbedded ina silicious base, are as hard, and still less frangible than granite. Many of the edye-stones of the foot pavements in London. are of porphyry, which appears to be of a very durable kind, and might probably be used to great advantage in forming the foundation and base of the arches of the two. new bridges, to be erected over tha Thames. Granite is found ghiefly on the western side of our island; there is, how. aver, a range of low granite mountains, at « ~ 404 Application of Mineralogical and Chemical Science [June 1, at. Charnwood forest, in Leicestershire. The granite is chiefly used for paving in the neighbourhood ; it is small-grained, or what some mineralogists would call, -secondary granite; and others sunite as it contains small crystals of hornblende. Its specific gravity I found 2.77. It is ex- tremely hard, and is worked by blasting. If it can be raised in blocks of sufficient magnitude, it might be employed with great advantage in constructing the foun- dation of the new bridges; as-it is only one hundred miles distant from London, from whence there is direct carriage by water, It is, I believe, the most. durable stone that can be found in any great quantity at the same distance trom the anctropolis. At the same place is pro- cured another stone, resting upon the granite; it is a species of greenstone, and hornblende porphyry, containing small crystals of felspar, in a basis chiefly of hornblende. The workmen informed me, it is broken with more difficulty than granite; it is not so hard, but is very in- frangible. Its specific gravity I found £.88. It contains some oxyd of iron, like other stones of this species, which may perhaps render it improper to be used, where it can be acted upon by water; but it has every appearance of being a very durable stone, and might deserve the attention of builders, where great strength of materials is required, Iu silicious sand-stones, the coarseness or fineness of the grains is of less im- portance than the substance in which they are imbedded. Those which have a basis of ferruginous clay, are soft and perishable; but when the basis itself is of a silicious kind, the stones are almost equally durable with granite. The upper strata of many of the highest hills in Yorkshire and Derbyshire, are of this kind, which Mr. Whitehurst calls a mille stone grit. It is ofa finer-grained stone, of the same kind tbat Kirkstall Abbey, near Leeds, is built. Though the Abbey is a ruin, the stones which remain are little decayed. After the lapse of six hundred years, they preserve their an- gular sharpness, and the impression of the chissel, «5 fresh as if they had been recently worked. There is a quarry of this stone in the neighbourhood; and I have observed some of the stones in the London docks, are of a similar kind. Some silicious sand-stones appear to be of alluvial formation, and have their parts ao imperfectly cemented, that they are unfit for the purposes of architecture ; of this kind are the rocks on which the tewn- , of Nottingham is built ; and the red-sand rock of Chesbire, The former may be considered more properly as indurated gravel, intermixed with rounded. quartz pebbles; but, though it is too loose to be applied to purposes of architecture, it may be excavated to a considerable ex tent, without the necessity of supporting the sides and roof. ‘The granite of Charnwood forest, and the loose sand- rock of Nottingham, are not more than twenty miles distant, bat they may be considered as forming the two extre- mities of the scale of aggregate silicious stones, from the very hardest to the softest kind. Argill, or clay, is never found pure in any kind of building-stone. It is soft, smooth, and unctuous to the touch, and will absorb more then 2% times its own weight of water; and, as Mr. Kirwan has observed, it commu- vicates, in some degree, these properties to stones, if it is combined ina proportion of from 20 to 30 per cent. In a greater proportion it destroys the qualities of silicious stones, Many argillaceous stones contain a considerable quantity of iron, not perfectly oxydated. When exposed to the atmosphere, they speedily decay. It is in stones of the argillaceous kind, that the greatest caution and mineralogical knowledge are required, in the selection for purposes of durable architecture. I have seen a hillock at the mouth of a lead-mine, supporting a luxuriant vee getation, which a respectable miner in- formed me he had twenty years before blasted from a compact. bed of toad- stone, or basalt, that resisted the pick- axe, and no soil had been since thrown upon it. An instance of this kind was the occasion of an action at the last York assizes, between the proprietors of the Barnsley canal; and the engineer, On the part of the proprietors it was con- tended, that the hill through which he had to cut a tunnel, was a soft marble, On the part of Mr. Pinkerton it was stated, that, though the part exposed was now soft, it was, when first opened, a vers hard and compact rock, extremely expensive and difficult to work; and the truth of this statement he offered to prove, ty perforating any part of the hill where the stone had not before been laid bare to the action of the atmosphere, The argillaceous sand-stone which ac= companies or lies over coal, is used for buildings in coal countries, as in some parts of the West Riding of Yorkshire; but it is not suited for public. buildings, er works intended te be durable, Stones of 1811.) 4 of the calcareous genus, comprise all the various marbles and limestones. These are generally more free from admixture with other earths, than stones of the si- licious, or argillaceous kind; and their relative degrees of excellence for pur- poses of architecture are more easily ascertained by their external character. Bosides pure lime, they contain from 45 to 50 per cent. of carbonic acid and water. Lime when pure is soluble in five hundred times its weight of water; and, even when united with carbonic acid, it is in a less certain degree soluble in river waters, owing to the minute portion of different acids, which is generally con- tained in them. On this account they are ill suited to form the foundations and piers of bridges, or to be employed in the construction of works exposed to the action of the water. The durability of marbles and lime-stones might; % be- lieve, with some certainty be determined by their relative degrees of hardness, and - by observing the time required to dissolve an equal cube of each kind of stone in marine acid, of the same strength, diluted with five times the quantity of water at the same temperature. The sediment remaining will also determine the quan- tity of silex. or clay with which the lime is combined. Magnesia enters into the composition of some lime-stones in the proportion of two-filths, and renders the softest stones of this kind less soluble in acids than the hardest marbles, on which account it will be necessary to ascertain _by chemical experiments, whether the slowness with which lime-stone is soluble, proceeds from'the presence of magnesia; but f£ believe it will also be found that a piixture of this earth, where it occurs in lime-stone, not only renders it less soluble in acids, but communicates to it a degree of durability which is not to be found in other lime-stones of the same degree of hardness, The high comparative degree of preservation observable in the exterior of York Minster, and other public edifices which are built of this stone, may serve to prove its excellence for purposes of architecture. Portland Stone is a peculiar kind of lime-stone, which some mineralogists cull roe-suine. When examined with.a magnifying lens, it will be found to con- tain «a number of small round globules, resembling in appearance the roes of fishes, imbedded in a calcareous basis, from whence it derives its name. It also coitains fragments of shells,.and minute éploargoup crystals, It varies in its quay tothe Selection of Stones for durable Architecture. 405 lities of hardness and compactness, and in its properties of durability, as may be observed in many of the public edifices in London, which are built of this stone. In the construction of St. Paul’s, some attention appears to have been paid to the selection of the stones for the ex- terior; which are more perfeet than thase in many buildings of a recent date; but they are evidently perishing in the upper part of this magnificent structure, Portland-stone contains carbonate of lime, united with a small portion of silex and clay. Its solution in diluted mu- riatic acid gives a dark-blue precipitate, with the Prussian alkali, indicating the presence of oxyd of iron, to which itowes its brownish tint; but the quantity of iron is tov small to affect its quality for the use of the architect. It burns to a white lime, losing more than eight parts in twenty of its weight, during calcination. According to Professor Jameson, roe- stone is never used for architecture, on account of its speedy disintegration; but his observations appear to have been confined to the varieties of this stone in Germany, and inapplicable to those in our own island. Two stones called by the same name, from different situations, are seldom exactly similar in all their properties ; which indeed rarely happens with stones from different layers of the. same bed, And where strata of calca- reous stone are separated by other kinds of stone, the upper and Jower strata, almost invariably differ in hard- ness and specific gravity; on which account it would be very desirable, that a mineralogical examination of stones should be made in their native quarries, and that those which ave intended for the external part of buildings, should be judiciously selected from the others. Of all stones of the calcareous genus, there cannot be a doubt that compact marbles, which can receive the highest degree of polish, would be the most beautiful and durable for the exterior of buildings; but their scarcity in this coun try prevents their application to this purpose.. Alabaster, which is composed of lime, united with sulphuric acid, from its beauty and the facility with which it can be worked, is used for ornamental architecture and sculpture; but the so- lubility of this stone renders it ill-suited to resist the agency of water, Dr. Watson relates, that he suspended two ounces of this stone in a pail of water for forty-eight hours, changing the water several times, and found ee i ai 406 had lost one-thirtieth part of its weight. 1 suspect this alabaster was one of the softest kind; but the experiment may serve to show, that this stone will not bear exposure to rain. There are ‘no other stones deserving the attention of the architect, but those of the silicious, argillaceous, and calcareous, genus, in the latter of which we may class mag- nesian lime-stone, the only building-stone into which magnesia enters 1n any con- siderable proportion. The decomposing and disintegrating agency of water, air, and change of tem- perature, on stones employed in archi- tecture, is the same by which Nature is constantly operating to convert solid rocks into soil. The fiat of Omnipotence “commands the hardest stones to be made bread,” or to become the means of supporting vegetable and animal life, but «the processes by which this effect is pro- duced, are slow and gradual. The earths of which all stones are cumposed, are either to a certain degree soluble in water, or are capable of being mecha- nically suspended in if when minutely ‘divided, A drop of water, constantly run- ning across the hardest stone, soon marks tts path, by catting a furrow in the sur- ‘face; hence, the well known adage * Non vised sepe cadendo.” This effect, how- ever, is slow, compared with that of other eauses, which are constantly operating, Water insinuates itself'nto the pores and “minute crevices of stones, and being ex- panded by increase of temperature, se- parates the parts from each other, but it produces this effect in a much greater degree when expanded by freezing. Frost as the most putent agent by which Nature ‘operates fen masse,’ frequently splitting the hardest rocks, and levelling immense ‘portions of mountains ina single night. dn building-stones which have a tens dency to a slaty structure, the destroying effects of trust are most likely to be soon perceptible, from the faciity with which water ca) insinuate itself between the Jamina. In stones of the argillaceous genus, the joint eects of water and air frequently produce a speedy decompo. sition, even of those of the hardest kind, Tf a stove have a strong earthy smell, when breathed upon, its durability may be suspected. Iron frequently enters in Jarge proportions into argillaceous stones, jn a state not perfectly oxydated, and acterwards combines with a further por- tion of oxygen, forming a brown incrus- tation to a certain depth, which becomes suft aud falls off, or is washed away, and On the Selection of Stones for public Buildings. ’ [June 1, the process of decomposition goes on till the whole stone is changed. The argill,. or clay, in these stones, is also frequently capable of absorbing a greater portion of water; and the stone may be rendered soft by the combined operation of these two causes. Jt is in these stones that the different earths are combined, in the proportions best suited to the support of vegetable life. Lichens and mosses fix themselves on the surface of stones, and, by insinuating the minute fibres of their roots, tend to accelerate their decay and prepare a ve- getable mould for plants of a larger growth. The decomposition of many urgillaceous stones, which are most ne= cessary for the support of vegetable life, is most speedily effected by natural causes; hence, more caution and skill are necessary in their selection for architec- ture, No stones of this genus should ever be employed, which have not had the test of time, without a careful mine- ralogical and chemical examination of their nature and contents. This exami- nation would always precede the applicae tion of stones for public works or edifices, intended to endure for ages, were engi- neers and architects as attentive to their future fame, and the interests of pos- terity, as to present cmolument. Besides the chemical examination of stones, it is necessary to try the effect of various de- giees of heat, and of boiling water, upon them, apphed tor a considerable ume, and to note carefully their encrease or Joss of weight and other changes. In this Manner we may sometimes anticipate with certainty, in afew days, what will be the effects of less powerful, but long= continued natural operations in a serics of years. Vor purposes of durable archi- tecivre, no stones but those of the sili. cious genus should be employed in the exterior parts of buildings, la our moist and variable climate, afl-kinds of stone but the silicious wili perish sooner than in countries where the raius are less fre. quent. The present state of ourehurches and public buildings proves that the ses lection of building-stones has been left to ignorance or chance to determine, The antients, in their public works, ap- pear to have had a just regard to perpes tuate the glory of the era in which they lived, and to leave to posterity durable and useful monuments of their skill, which should secure their gratitude and veneration. The public architecture in this country. appears constructed on cal- culations of falee economy, and present convenience, 1311.) convenierce, with litle regard to the be- nefit of future generations. Granite and porphyry, on account of _ their extreme hardness, are dithcult to work ; but they would well repay the ex- pence for bridges and public buildings. it was of these stones that the Egyptians, and other nations of antiquity, con- structed palaces and temples, which have eudured the attack of time and the deso- lating hand of superstitious barbarians. The origin of some of these structures 1s prior to the oldest records of man, and they will exist when no vestige of the architecture of modern times shall re- main. Ropert BakEWwELL, Warwick Court, Gray’s Inn. '-For the Monthly Magazine. On the copex BEzx, the CLERMONT MA- Nuscript, and the onicinacs of the SCRIPTURES of the NEW TESTAMENT. CORRESPONDENT having, ina A former Number, requested some information respecting the Codex Bezx, the Clermont Manuscript, and the ori- ginals of the Scriptures of the New Testa- ment; I beg leave to offer the following observations, which probably comprehend the several subjects of his inquiries, The Codex Bezz is a Greek and Latin manuscript of the four Gospels, and of the Acts of the Apostles. It is, however, de- fective in some parts of the Guspels, and also wants some passages of the Acts. The Gospels are arranged in. the usual order of the Latin manuscripts: Mat- thew, John, Luke, Mark. The uncial letters, with the want of accents, of marks of aspiration, and of intervals be- tween the words, prove the high antiquity of this manuscript, which, perhaps, is the most ancient that is now extant.. Some writers have thought that the Greek text has been altered from the Latin version, burt this opinion seems to rest on no solid foundation. ‘Though a very great num- ber of readings, peculiar to the Codex Bezzx, are found in the Vulgate, yet this is no proof that those readinys were acin- ally borrowed from a Latin version, and translated into Greek, It is, at least, equally possible that they might have originated from the Greek, as from the Latin; and that this was really the case seems highly probable, if it be consi- ered, that, when Jerom revised the Latin ‘version, by order of Pope Damasus, he corrected it from Greek manuscripts. Some have thought, from the coincidence discoverable in a very great number of Téeadings between the Codex Beze and ashe | On the Codex Beze, Meet 407 the Syriac version, that the former had been altered from the latter; but it ap- pears bizhly improbable, that the Syriac version should have been used in the cor~ rection of a manuscript written in a coun- try where the Syriac language was wholly unknown. The natural inference, there= fore, is, that the readings of the Codex Bezz are for the most part genuine, and of course preferable to those of modern manuscripts. This manuscript was fuund by Beza, at Lyons, in the monas- tery of St. Irenans, in the year 1562, at the commencement of the civil war in France.* Beza wrote, in the beginning of this manuscript, the following account with hisown hand: ‘ Est hoc exemplar venerande vetustatis ex Grecia, ut apparet.ex barbaris quibusdam Gracis ad marginem notatis, olim exportatum, et in S. Irenzi monasterio Lugdunensi, ita, ut hic cernitur, mutilatum, postquam ibi in pulvere diu jacuisset, repertum, Oriente ibi crvili bello anno domini 1562.” That the manuscript came originally from Greece is on'y conjecture; but that it was discovered in the monastery of St. Irevzus in Lyons, in the year 1562, is the direct and positive evidence of aman, whose veracity is unimpeachable, The two following circumstances render it highly probable, that the Codex Bez was written in the west of Europe: 1. The Latin translation was added with no other design than to render the original intelligible to those who. were not skilled in the Greek language, and it was not added merely in consequence of the high authority of the church, by which it was used. . In that case the transcriber would have adopted some established text, from which he would never have deviated ; but the Latin text of the Codex, Beze is found in no Latin manuscript, . either ancient or modern, This. translation would-have been wholly superfluous if the manuscript had been written for the use of a Greek, to whom a Latin translation was unnecessary. 2. The arrangement of the Gospels in the Codex Beze was never admitted by the Greek church, or . in any country subject.to its authority, bot was the common arrangement of the ancieut Latin manuscripts. From these circumstances it seems reasonable to conclude, that the Codex Bez was writ- ten in the west of Europe, in a country in which Latin was better understood than Greek, and which was ‘subject to * Michaelis’s Iptroduction to the New Testament. the 408 the authority of the church of Rome. It was probably written either at Constan- tinople, or in some city of the Greek empire in Europe, for the use of some person or community belonging to the Latin church, between the time of Con- stantine and the final separation of the Greek and Latin churches. That the Co- dex Beze was written before the eighth century is certain, as appears from the shape of the letters, the want of intervals between the words, and of accents, and marks of aspiration: for in the eighth cen- tury the Greek uncial characters degene- rated from the square and round form, which is seen in the Codex Bezz, to an ob- long shape; marks of aspiration and accent were added, and the elegance of writing considerably decreased. From compa- ring the letters of the Codex Beze with the Greek inscriptions given by Mont- faucou, it appears not only that it must be more ancient than the eighth century, but that it may be as ancient as the sixth, the fifth, or even the fourth, century. The probability however is, that, from the Euthaliaw sections being observed in the Codex Bezzx, it was not written be- fore the fifth century.* This manuscript was sent by Beza to the University of Cambridge, and published by that learned ‘body in 1798, in letters of the same form and magnitude as the original hand- writing. - ‘The Clermont manuscript is a Greek- Latin manuscript of the Epistles of St. Paul, the antiquity of which was esti- mated by Sabbatier at 1200 years. Beza, who- had this manuscript in his pos- session, gave it the name of Claromon- tanus, from Clermont, in Bauvaisis, where it is said to have been preserved. From the hands of Beza it came into the Putean library, and was bequeathed by the proprietor, Jacques du Puy, with all his other manuscripts, to the royal li- brary in Paris, where it is at present kept. Mill contended that the Clermont manu- script was the second part, or a conti- nuation, of the Codex Bezz; but Wet- stein has sufficiently confuted this epi- nion, and shewn that the former is by no means connected with the latter, as appears from the difference of their form, their orthography, and the nature of the vellum on which they are written.f It is supposed by Montfaucon, that the Clermont manuscript was written in the ‘seventh century. Though in uncial let- TE -* Marsh on Michaelis. 3+ Michaelis, On the Codex Beza, Ke. [June 1, ters, yet it has accenfs and marks of aspi- rauon, which, Montfaucon says, appear to have been added by another hand, at no great distance of time after the mae nuscript itself had been written, This manuscript was probably written in the west of Europe, not oniy because it has a Latin translation, but because the Epistle to the Hebrews is found at the end; and in the catalogue of the books of the New Testament, which is placed afier the Epistle to Philemon, the Epistle to the Hebrews is not mentioned. This Epistle is also written even by a later hartd, and was therefore wholly excluded from the canon by.the original writer of the manuscript. Now, as che Epistle to the Hebrews was, during a considerable time, rejected by the church of Rome,. but not by the Greek church, it follows that the Clermont manuscript must have been originally written in .a country under the dominion of the former.* , The original manuscripts of the New Testament, which were written either by the. Apostles themselves, or by ama- nuenses under their immediate inspece tion, are all Jost. Their preservation, | during the space of seventeen centuries, could not be expected without the inter- position of amiracle. ** But what bene- fits,” says Michaelis, “ should wesdgrive. from the possession of these manustripts, or what inconvenience do we suffer from their loss? No critic in classical litera- ture enquires after the original of a pro- fane author, or disputes the authenticity of Cicero’s Offices, because we have not the copy which Cicero wrote with hig own hand. An antiquarian, or collector of ancient records, will scarcely maintain that the probability of these books being genuine, is inferior to the probability that a record in his possession of tle- twelfth century, is an authentic docu- ment of that period; for though his record is only six hundred years old, and the works of Cicero are thrice as ancient, we are more exposed to imposition in the former instance, as the forgery of anti- quities is often practised by those whose business and profit are to lead the curious intoerror, But, supposing that the orie ginal manuscripts of Cicero, Casar, Paul, and Peter, were now extant, it would be impossible to- decide whether they were spurious, or whether they were actually written by the hands of these authors.” In fact. there is no reason to doubt that the Gospels, Acts, and Epistles, of the eo * Mars oa i Apostles, 1811.] Apostles, were written by those whose names they bear, Nor isthere any cause to doubt of the authors of all the rest. This may be proved by the testimony of those who wrote soon after them, and who lave frequently quoted their wri- tings, by the testimony of the Christian churches in all parts of the earth, which at all times unanimously allowed those writings.to be genuine and authentic, and by an inspection of the books themselves, which bear no marks of corruption or de- ceit. That the books of the New Testa- Ment were in general use among Chris- tians, af a very early period, is a uni- versal opinion. ‘The book, called the New Testament,” observes the bishop of Landaff, “consi:ts of twenty-seven dif- ferent parts; concerning seven of these, viz. the Epistle to the Hebrews, that of James, the second of Peter, the second of John, the third of John, that of Jude, and the Revelation, there were at first some doubts; and the question whether they should be received into the canon, might be decided, as all questions con- cerning opinions must be, by vote. With Tespect to the other twenty parts, those who are most acquainted with ecclesias- tical history will tell you, as Du Pin does after Eusebius, that they were owned as canGnical, at all times, and by all Chris- tians. Whether the council of Laodicea was held before or after that of Nice, is nota settled point; but it is a great mis- take to suppose that the greatest part of the books of the New Testament were not in general use amongst. Chistians, long before the council of Laodicea was held.” His lordship then quotes the fol- lowing passage from Mosheim’s Eccle- siastical History: ‘ The opinions, - or rather the conjectures of the learned, concerning the time when the books of the New Testament were collected into one volume, as also about the authors of that collection, are extremely different. This important question is attended with great ‘and almost insuperable difficulties to us in these latter times. It is, however, sufficient for us to know, that, hefore the middle of the second century, the greatest part of the books of the New Testament were read ‘in every Christian society throughout the world, and received as a divine rule of faith and manners, Hence it appears, that these sacred writings were carefully separated from several human compositions on the same sub- ject, either by some of the Apostles themselves, who lived so long, or by their disciples and successors, who were spread - Monrury Mag, No, 213, Society for Protection against Pettifoggers. 409 abroad through all nations, We are well assured that the four gospels were col- lected during the life of St. John, and that the three first received the appro- bation of this divine Apostle. And why may we not suppose that the other books of the New Testament were gathicred to- gether at the same time? What renders this highly probable: is, that the most urgent necessity required its heing done. For, not long after Christ’s ascension into_ heaven, several. histories of his life and doctrines, full of pious frauds and fabulous wonders, were composed by per- sons, whose intentions, perhaps, were not bad, but whose writings discovered the greatest superstition and ignorance, Nor was this all, productions appeared, which were imposed on the world by fraudulent men as the writings of the holy Apostles. These apocryphal and Spurious writings must have produced a sad confusion, and rendered both the history and the doctrine of Christ uncer= e tain, bad not the’ rulers of the church used all possible care and diligence ia Separating the hooks that were truly apostolical and divine, from all that spu- rious trash, and conveying them down to posterity in one volume,” It is therefore evident, that the au- . thenticity of the books of the New Tes- tamient does not depend on the Codex Bezz, the Clermont manuscript, or any other single copy whatever. On the contrary, it is highly probable that all our manuscripts of the New Testament pro- ceeded from the collection of those books made after the death of all, or the greatest part of the Apostles. Ravenstonedale, J. Rozrnson. April 11, 1811. To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR, AS eae the numerous public socie« ties instituted for the benefit of the people, I never heard of one for the protection of indigence and misfortune against the tricks, chicanery, and opprese sion of the law and ofsegal pettifovgers, The mischiefs perpetrated by swind- Jers, and sharpers, against whom there exist two or three active associations in London, and onein almost every coune ty, are to those inflicted by the vipers and sharks of tke legal profession, in the proportion of not more ‘than one to ten thousand! Those take baables ; but the latter are wholesale dealers, and carry off house, land, skin, carcase, and all! ; 3G ~*~ Such . 410 Statement of the Weather at Nottingham in 1810. [June 1; Such a society would be productive of infinite benefit, and would be supported by the good wishes and gratitude of the whole public. AMICUS. Westminster, May 6, 1811. Ceeetite en \ For the Monthly Magazine. RESULTS of the WEATHER at NOTTING- HAM, in 1810, by DR. CLARKE. Thermometer, Wind. Hicuesr observation, Sept. 2 82° E, Lowest observation, Feb. 20 14° N.E. Greatest variation in 24 hours, Feb. 19-20 16° Annual mean - 46? Barometer, Wind. Highest observation, Dec. 31 30,50 N.E. Lowest ebservation, Feb. 19 28,73 S.W. Greatest variation in 24 hours, May 20 - 1,05 Annualmean . = = 29,83 Weather. Days. Fair - - 269 Wet - =» $6 365 Winds. Times. N, and N. E. - - 143 E.andS.E, = .- 79 S.andS.W. -— = 157 W.andN.W. -) = &8 467 Rain. Inches. Greatest.quantity in July - 3,85 Smallest ditto in September = - 0,62 Total quantity for the year «2+. '28,15 The barometer is firmly fixed to a standard. wall, on an elevation of 130 feet ; and the thermometer is placed ina garden 140 feet from the level of the sea, SET To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. sIR, THINK it right to mention a rare and beautiful phenomenon. About half past eight this fiue evening, I was struck with the appearance of a luminous arch, extending from south- west to westward, about $0° in altitude at its vertex, and nearly semicircular, It had an uniformly dense white light of about half a degree; very. much re- sembling. that of the moon, but not so vivid, . It proceeded to pass north of the west, with a very even and apparently gentle motion; seeming to gain in altitude as it moved toward the northern meridian. About five or six minutes after its first appearance to me, the eastern extremity of it passed under the polar star, At the lowest height which ean be as- signed to it, its velocity must have been very great. And its gaining altitude as it passed northward, seems to indicate that * was far above our atmosphere. T remember a similar white arch, May 27, 1781; but Edo not recollect that it had sucha remarkable, or indeed any, apparent motion. Its light diminished as it receded north- ward, but was great enough even then to be seen with my night glass, April 22. Caper Lorrr. ee For the Monthly Magazine. CRITICAL REMARKS Om SMAKESPEARE. Henry V.—Aes. 9. Scene 2, ** Yet that is but a crush’d necessity While that the armed hand doth fight abroad, The advised head defends itself at home.” HUS the old folio editions: the quarto reads * curs’d necessity :” Sir Thomas Hanmer, with more than cri- tical license, “ not o’course a necessity.” Dr. Johnson recommends crude ne- cessity;” and Dr. Warburton says posi- tively, ** we should read ’scused neces- sity.” I imagine every reader would wish to be ’scused the necessity of adopt. ing any one of these various emendations. May we not venture, till something better is proposed, to read coward necessity, i. e. a necessity which fear only creates; a sense perfectly corresponding with the scope and spirit of the context, which deprecates the idea of being deterred from the invasion of France from the ap- prehended necessity of guarding against the petty incursions of the Scots at home. =———-Peace to this meeting wherefore we are met, &c. The 5th act of this play was apparently intended to open with this scene; but in vain do we look for the genius of Shakespeare in any part of it. The pre- ceding dialogue between Pistol and Flu- ellin, is certainly genuine; but the re- mainder of tlis play, and nearly the whole of the next, seem unquestionably borrowed from that feeble series of his- toric dramas which the stage had beer in possession of long hefore the time of Shakespeare, and many of which he was employed to reconstruct ; net scrupling, however, to make great oceasional use of the old materials, Henry VI.—Part I. That the first part of Henry VI. 3 was nos 1311.] not written by Shakespeare, isan opinion founded on the strongest presumptive evidence. It bears no resemblance to his genuine productions ia its versifica- tion, style, or diction; and possesses no portion of his spirit, The @d and Sd parts of this history originally published, A.D. 1660, under the title of “ The Contention of York and Lancaster,” were undoubtedly, as Dr. Juhusoa has remarked, designed to continue the series of transactions of which it pre-supposes the first part already known ;’’—the former portion terminaung with the court- ehip, and the latter commencing with the marriage of Margaret of Anjou with the king. The epilogue to Henry V. speaks of the history of Henry VI. “in infant bands” crowned King of France and England as having oft been shewn on the stage: but this by no means proves that Shakespeare was the author of the first part. {If tie wrote the second and third parts either wholly or in great mea-= sure, he would naturally take up the story where the former dramatist laid it down. That the second and_ third arts of this drama contain many scenes which could proceed only from the pen of this mighty poet, is undeniable: but they are blended with others of a totally @ifferent stamp and complexion; and completely assimilating with the first part, which exhibits no trace of the ge- nius of Shakespeare, and of which it is probable that net a single line was writ- ten by him. The authority of the player editors, who have ascribed to him such erforinances as Locrine, the Jife and Death of Lord Uroimwell, and Titus An- dronicus, cannot be regarded as of the slightest estimation. Henry VI. Part [l-— Act. I. Scene 8. Ask what thou wilt—that I had said and done! Have done—for more I hardly can endure, _ In Gray’s Descent of Odin-the spirit of the prophetess delivers her predictions svith the same constraint and reluctance ; and expresses a similar resentmeut and indignation at the forcible and presump- anous violation of her deep and iron slumber. The “hallowed verge” is an idea whick does not occur in the tragedy of Macbeth, though very poetical and ‘congruous to vulgar opinion, And other ‘sparks we may discern of the ** Muse of fire” which was destined to produce that prodigy of dramatic art and genius, — Wer. Sweet York begin; and ifthy claim u be good, : ‘The Nevils are thy subjects to command. 7'°Yirk, Theathus—. 9 et IL, Scene 2, Critical Remarks oi Shakespeare. 411 It.is worthy of remark that the here- ditary title of York to the crown is in this scene stated very clearly, and ina manner conformable to historical truth, But in the first part of Henry VI. the claim of the House of March, from whom the right of York was derived, is enve- loped in strange and inextricable confu- sion; an additional proof that the former part was not the production of Shakes- peare. Act If, Scene 1.—-The scenes which pass in the Abbey of Bury, displaying the machinations of the queen, the car- dinal, Suffolk, and York, against the Duke of Glocester, are not of the genuine cast and colour of Shakespeare, whose mayie pen nevertheless again appears in the description given by Warwick, of the murder of the duke 3 and still more con- spicuously in the celebrated death bed scene of Cardinal Beaufort; the beauties of which, as Dr. Johnson emphatically observes, ‘ rise out of nature and of truth. The superficial reader cannot miss them, the profound can image no- thing beyond them.” The greater part of the two last acts seems of very dubi- ous authority. Hewry VI. Part 3, Act I, Scene 5. The interesting in- cidents of this scene, seem to have awakened the genius of Shakespeare, which had long lain dormant, or if at all apparent, glimmering with faint and feeble lustre. The fury of Clifford, the malice of the queen, and the anguish of York, are painted in glowing colours, and in the style of a master. | Henry VI. Part 3.—t I. Scene 5, This battle fares like to the morning’s war, When dying clouds contend with growing light, é&c. This speech of the king may rank among the most beautifal effusions of Shake. speare’s Muse in her mournful moods; aud presents amidst the tumult and hor- ror of the battle, as our English Longi- nus has obse: ved, “a delightful glimpse of rural innocence and pastoral tranquil- lity.” I am strongly disposed to think that the short speech iu the quarto, of which this is so noble an enlargement, was written not by Shakespeare, but by his theatrical pre-cursor. It is too flat, too feeble, and too prosaic, to come from the pen of the great poet, whose al- ‘ehymy, and whose alone, could produce gold of the purest lustre from the vilest dross. ite —For Warwick. isa,subtle ovator,, .) And Louis a prince soon wo with moving words. Act IIT. Scene 1. Whether from ignorance or inadver- LCHicy, 412 tency, Shakespeare bas very erroneously characterised Louis XI, of France, as “a prince soon won with moving words.” Some traces of his true character, how- ever, appear in the following scenes, where be is represented as acting both a treacherous and an interested part. Upon the whole it appears to me that the third division of this historic drama, exhibits more numerous and more striking manifestations of the genius of Shakespeare, than the second part. Dr. Warburton has, with his characteristic dogmatism, pronounced all the parts of Henry VI. to be certainly not Shakes- peare’s. Dr, Johnson, on the other and, strongly contends that they are his genuine productions. Both these opi- nions are given without modification or qualification: but the truth seems to be, that Shakespeare has adopted the well- known performances of former play- wrights, as the ground-work of his own productions, introducing much new mat- ter and many entire scenes. In the very curious pamphlet, entitled Greene’s Groats-worth of Witte, quoted by Mr. Tyrwhitt, it is said “ There is an upstart crow, beautified with our feathers, that, with ‘his tyger’s head wrapt in a playei’s hide,’ supposes he is as well able to bombast out a blank verse as the best of you: and, being an absolute Johannes Fac-totum, is in his own conceit the only Shake-scene in a country.” - That the appellation Shake-scene al- Judes to Shakespeare, no one will doubt ; and if is evident that ‘his tyger’s head wrapt in a players hide,” is a parody upon the following line of York’s speech to Margaret, 4¢© tyger’s heart wrapt in a woman’s hide !” Henry Vi. Part II. Act I. Scene 4. And this passage, upon the whole, seems plainly to imply that Shakespeare had wade very free with the productions of preceding writers, provoking, as it seems, the lash of criticism by this unusual license. RicHaRn Lf. det. I. Scene. Wow is the winter of our discontent Made glorious summer by this sun of York 5 And all the clouds that lower’d upon our house, In the deep bosom of the ocean buried. Now are ovr brows bound with victorious wreatlis, Our bruised arms hung up for monuments, Our stern alarums chang’o to merry meetings,- @ur’ dreadful “marches to delightful mea- 1 sures 5 “1 ie Critical Remarks on Shakespeare. [June 1, Grim-visaged War hath smooth’d his wrinkled front ; " : And now, instead of mounting barbed steeds, Yo fright the souls of fearful adversaries, He capers nimbly in a lady’s chamber, To the lascivious pleasing of a lute. It has heen asked, Who capers? War or York? IT answer, War: but with an evi- dent allusion to the dissolute manners of the king, who had exchanged the gal- lantry of the camp for that of the court; to which Glocester proceeds to contrast his own ungenial habits and personal defects. But {, that am not shaped for sportive tricks, Nor made to court an amorous looking-glassy &c. Ibid, Scene 4. Q. Marg. Live each of you the subject to his hate, And he to you, and all of you to God’s. Ibid, Scene 3, “Tt is evident,” says Mr. Walpole, “ from the conduct of Shakespeare, that the House of Tudor retained all their Lane castrian prejudices, even in the reign of Elizabeth. In this play of Richard III, he seems to deduce the woes of the House of York from the curses which Queen Margaret had vented against them ; and he could not give that weight to her curses without supposing a right in her to utter them.” This remark, however specious, is certainly destitute of foundation. If Queen Elizabeth ree tained all the Lancastrian prejudices, Shakespeare made his court to ber very ill, by representing Henry IV. on his death bed, as struck with remorse, ona review of his past conduct, ** How I came by the crown, O Gal forgive!” It is observable, that the Bishop of Car- lisle, a prelate of inflexible honour and integrity, expresses in the strongest terms his detestation of the dethrone went of Richard IT. ; and his predictions respecting the fatal consequences of what he styles “ that heinous black and obscene deed,” are as literally fulfilled as the pro- phetical imprecations of Queen Margaret, *¢ The blood of England shall manure the ground, And future ages groan for this foul act ; Peace shall go sleep with Turks and Infidels, Andin this seat of peace, tumultuous wars Shall kin with kin and kind with kind cony found,” Nay, Shakespeare makes King Henry VI. the feeble and the pious, expressly ac- _knowledge, in a personal conference with the Duke of York, the illegality of his own title. These circumstances, how- ever, afford no proof of Shakespeare’s ate tachment to the House. of York. They are 1811.] are counter-balanced by other passages as favourable to the Mouse of Lancaster, Nor is it possible to determine whether he inclined most to the Red or to the White Rose. The truth is, that private individuals bad Jong ceased to take any personal‘iuterest in the quarrel. Near a century had elapsed since the contend- ing titles were united in Henry VIII. ; and Shakespeare manifestly aimed at nothing more than to make the different characters of his historic dramas speak and act in a manner conformable ta his- toric and dramatic probability. The envious flood Kept in my soul, and would not let it forth To find the empty Vast, and wandering air. Ibid, Scene 4. Vast is here a substantive. So, in the Winter’s Tale, “ Shook bands as over a vast.” vast and middle of the night.” And in Milton we read “ Michael bid sound th’ archangel trumpet,—Through the vast of Heaven it sounded, &c.” Vasty is the adjective commonly used by Shakes- peare as “the vasty deep; vasty Tartar; Arabia’s vasty wilds; War’s vasty jaws,” ke. Richmond. God and your arms be praised, victorious friends, The day is ours, &c, Although this performance exhibits all the characteristic faults of the great au- thor, they are redeemed by a wonderful display of his highest excellencies. And T can discern in this draina no mixture of spurious and insipid trash, no alloy of adventitious dullness. Notwith- standing the great ability with which the courtship scene between Richard and the Lady Anne is written, the mind re- volts at its incredibility; yet, who can wish it obliterated? That in the fourth act between Richard and the queen dow- ager is of great though not equal merit in point of composition ; and, likewise, (were the repetition pardonable) much too far removed from the limits of pro- bability. Both scenes bear the aspect of a too severe satire on the sex—* re- Jenting, shallow, changing, woman!” The character of Richard is exceeded by no effort of dramatic skill in the whole compass of the poet’s rich and boundless invention. The vein of humour which pervades almost every scene in which he appears, isasensible and almost necessary relief to the deep and tragic villainy of his atrocious acis. It may be transiently yemarked that, although the greater part ‘ ‘ Critival Remaris on Shakespeare. And, in Hamlet, ‘ In the dead> 413 of the crimes charged upon Richard rest upon imperfect and presumptive evi- dence, he who could condemn Livers, Vaughan, and Grey, and above all Hastings, the great and zealous friend of the House of York, to death, without any pretence of justice or form of trial, must be capable of any wickedness. After all the ingenuity that has been ex- ercised upon the subject, I see no reason to doubt that the infant princes were murdered in the Tower by his command, or contrivance. ‘fo believe that one was slain, and the other allowed to es- ‘cape, is to abandon an easy and probable hypothesis, and to embrace in its stead an arbitrary and extravagant supposition, Dr. Johnson observes, that the allusions to the plays of Ilenry VI. which occur in Richard TII. are no weak proofs of those disputed pieces. This is true, but it is material to remark that there are no allusions whatever to be found in this play tothe first part of those doubtful and disputed dramas. Henry VIlU.—Act IIT. Scene 2. _ In the interesting dialogue between Wolsey and Cromwell, the chagrin and anguish of the Cardinal are strongly de- pictured, notwithstanding the efforts of the fallen statesman to conceal, not froin Cromwell only, but from himself, the real state of his mind. He labours to persuade himself that he feels his heart new opened ; and that the pomp and glory of the world are become hateful to him; and ‘he af- fects the most perfect calmness, resignas tion, and fortitude, le even ventures, in reply to the affectionate enquiries of his faithful servant, to affirm that he was never so truly happy:— I-know myself now, and I feel within me A peace above all earthly dignities, A still and quiet conscience. But, when the intelligence of the king’s marriage with Anne Boleyn is commus nicated to him, he breaks out into ex+ clamations which plainly discover how bitterly the recollection of his former prosperity affected him. O Cromwell !——All my glories In that one woman I have lost for ever: Wo sun shall ever usher forth mine honours, Or gild again the noble troops that waited Upon mj smiles, &<. At the conclusion of this conversation Cromwell thinks it expedient to exhort him to have patience. ‘The cardinal re- plies, ‘ So I have,—Farewell the hopes of court, iny hopes in Heaven do dwell :” thus making lis hopes of Heaven the j mere 414 mere reluctant substitute of his hopes at court. But such are the paintings of this great artist and jmitator of nature, to whom it was given to develope the weaknesses of humanity in their most secret recesses; and at the same time to compel us to pity and sympathise with these frailties,instead of indulging a proud and unfeeling misanthiopy. Love thyself last; cherish those hearts that hate thee ; ' Corruption wins not more than honesty. Ibid. Ib. “ Though this be good divinity,” says Dr. Warburton, “ and an admirabie recept for our condnect in private life, yt was never calculated or designed for the magistrate, or public minister. Nor could this be the direction of a man ex- perienced in affairs to his pupil. It would make a good Christian, but a very zH statesman. The poet wrote ‘*cherish those hearts that wait thee, 1. e. thy de- pendents,” For a churchman and a bishop to insinuate that the duties of the statesman and the Christian are incom- patible, is somewhat extraordinary. Shakespeare, it seems, thought differ- ently; at least Wolsey, when he found <¢ his heart new opened,” inculcates sen- timents far more justand generous, For his advice to Cronwell is ** Love thyself last,” i.e, make your personal aggran- disement your last object. Cherish those hearts that hate thee,” i.e. instead of returning evil for evil, embrace every favourable opportunity of obliging and benefiting even your adversaries ; “¢ For corruption wins not more’ than honesty,” i.e. a conduct so generous and honourable will contribute ho less to’extend your influence than corrupt and sinister practices.” his is true pa- litical wisdom ; but the Right Reverend commentator seems to have preferred’ the Machiavelian policy of a Mazarine to the virtues of a D’Amboise or a Sully. Act V. Scene ult.—Dr, Johnson ob- serves ‘ That the play of Menry VII. still keeps possession of the stave by the splendour of its pageantry. Yet pomp js not the only merit of this play. ‘The meek sorrows and virtuous distress of Catherine have furnished some scenes which may justly be numbered amongst the greatest efforts of tragedy: but the genius of Shakespeare comes in and goes out with Catherine. Every other part piay be easily conceived ‘and : easily written.” How frigid and inadequate ts ghis tribute of applause! Ta no iastauce Critical Remarks on Shakespeare. {June 1, perhaps has this great critic pronounced so erroneous a judgment, That the ge- nius of Shakespeare, in this admirable drama, comes in and goes out with Cas therine is indeed a strange assertion. And not less extraordinary is the suc- ceeding dogma, that “ every other part may be ensily conceived and easily written.” Does the fate of “ the noble ruined Buckingham” excite no sympa- thy? Do the dignified distresses of the fallen cardinal create less powerful emo- tions, or a fainter interest in the breasr, than the virtuous sorrows of the queen? Are there no nice touches and discrimi- nations of character in the portraits of the king ? of Cranmer? Cromwell? Gar- diner? Surry? &c. Even the subordi- nate personagesin this play are sketched with a pencil so bold aud masterly, that they may well be compared to the un- finished drawings of Rembrandt. If the pomp of scenery affords attraction suf- ficient to ensure lasting success on the stage, why does the first part of Henry VI. “ that drum and trumpet thing,” he unmolested on the shelfr Throughout the entire play of Henry VIII, I perceive no traces of a different and inferior pen. Corioranus.— det IJ. Scene 1: Our veiled dames Commit the war of white and damask in Their nicely gawded cheeks to th’ wanton ¢poil Of Phebus’ burning kisses. “ We should read,” says Dr. Ware burton, the ware of white and damask, i.e. the commodity, the merchandize.” *€ Turn what they will to verse, their toil is vain ; ) Critics like me shall make it prose again.” If any authority were necessary to sup» port the original reading, we might refer to a parallel passage: Such war of white and sed within her cheeks! Taming of the Shrew, Act IV. He rewards His deeds with doing them, and is content To spend his time to and it. Ibid. Scene 2. Corivlanus is content to spend his time to end it, i.e. he 15 willing to employ his whole life in seeking occasions to sa- crifice it for his country. We might read, if alteration were requisite or al- lowable, “So spending time, to .spend it. . ’ We have power in ourselves to doit, but it is a power which we have no power to do. Act IT. Scene 3. Dr, Warburtou thinks and with great pro- babilicy, 1811 J bability, that this was intended as a ridi- cule on the Augustine manner of defining free will in the schools. But Mr,.Steeveus tells us “that Shakespeare could not mean to ridicule a circumstance of which it was hardly possible for him to have the least knowledge. “ Ife spent his time,” this commentator, informs us, ** better than in reading scholastic trash.” As Shakespeare’stibrary however consisted of little else than trash, surely scholastic trash, which was the most faslionable kind of trash, would not be excluded. He has, in fact, numerous allusions to those learned disputes of which Mr. Steevens imagines it scarcely possible for him to have the least knowledge. And the trash of the schools may without any undue partiality be deemed at least as edifying as the trash of Marlowe, Heywood, Decker, and Middleton, For I have ever verified my friends, Of whom he’s chief, with all the size that ve- rity \ Would without lapsing suffer. Act V, Scene 2. Dr.Warburton, whochanges “ verified” to “narrified” without necessity or propriety, has taken occasion from this passage to oliserve “that Menenius, the present Speaker, and Polonius, in Hamlet, have much of the same natural character; the difference consisting in this accidental circumstance, that the first was a senator in a free state, and the latter a courtier and minister toa king.” But the resem- blance is wholly imaginary ; Menenius is aman of sense, of sagacity, and wit, ap- ‘proaching indeed at times to buffuonery. Polonius is a compound of weakness, conceit, and formality, verging on do- tage; swelling with ideas of his own im- portance; * fuil of wise saws and modern instances.” ‘The power of exciting mirth is perhaps equal in both; but we are diverted with the wit of the one and the foily of the other. Both are eha- ‘yacters of humour; but Polonius diverts us by a display of the incongruities of his own character; and Menenius by exposing in a lively and striking manner ‘the follies and incongruities of others. . ——me ~~ To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. : SIR, tes following passages in the debate on the second reading of Sir Samvel ‘Romilly’s Bill on Stealing in Dwelling- houses, March 25, appearing to me to be particularly striking, 1 strall beg the Yavour of you to insert them in your Publication as soon as may be cunver Capital Punishment for slight Offences. feeling 2 415 nient. I have taken them from the Morning Chronicle of March 30. “ Mr, Edward Morris said that he could not help relating to the louse, the case of an unfortunate woman, tried for stealing above the value of five shillings. We waS present at the trial. From many circumstances \it was obvious that it was a first offence, and every person in court wished her acquittal. ‘The jury watched the tes. timony very narrowly, to see if any thing could be laid hold of in her fa- vour. Lord Kenyon told the jury that they were not to take any of the al- leviating circumstances into considera- tion in this verdict, whatever palliation there might me, and the ‘woman was found guilty. Lord Kenyon proceeded to pass the sentence of the law. When the woman heard the sentence of death, she fell lifeless to the ground. Lord Kenyon, who was endowed with great ‘sensibility, instantly called out, “* My good woman, I do not mean to hang you. Will nobody tell the poor woman that she is not to’be hanged?” This case made a great impression on him. self, as well as every one present.. He had frequently heard the same noble lord pass sentence not on the prisoner before him, but on the law.” ‘© Mr. Percival agreed that it would be an important improvement on the law, if judges were not compelled ta pass sentence of death on those who, at the time of passing sentence they should be of opinion, did not deserve a capital punishment.” ‘ He could not agree, however, to the suggestion of his honourable friend (Mr. Frank- land,) that an option might be given to prosecutors to lay their indictments ca. pitally, or not, as they chose. If this were the case, no offence would be Jaid as of a capital nature, unless from some improper feeling on the part of the prosecutor.” Does not the last sentence strongly shew that the opinion of the Chancellor of the Exchequer is that the people at large, are, generally speaking, much against the punishment of death for offences? Else why, does he suppose that no offence would be laid as of a ca~ pital nalure, unless from some improper That, by far the greater nun- ber, ave against this punishment I am well convinced, and most sincerely wish success to the present endeavours of Sir Samuel Romiily and his supporcers. A Constant Reapre. To 416 To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. sth, N R. Cobbet has, with great feel. ing and propriety, called the attention of the public to the infamous conduct of some London Newspapers, particularly of Walter’s ‘Times, in giving exparle statements of accusations and trials. The corrupt and oppressive traflic of the papers in this way has Jong been notorious, and it is suspect- ed that thousands per annum are made by some of the London papers in thus buying and selling justice, and in admi- nistering to the mutual malignity of parties in legal suits ! How, many men compromise their rights and buy their peace by enormous sacrifices, to ayoid the misrepresentations and perversions of these hase and unprincipled newspapers! So great an evil ought forthwith to be corrected by a special enactment of the legislature, and the crime placed among the highest class of social offences. ‘ m. Ys, 2, Lewes, May 8, 1811. a For the Monthly Magazine. on the MEANS of BETTERING éhe CON DITION of the Puor. THER means of bettering the con- dition of the poor are these: A reform in the political law: by ex-. tending and equalizing the exercise of “the right of suffrage; enabling the poll for the election of a representative in Parliament to be begun and finished in the same day, and reducing the dura- tion of Parliaments to short and fixed li- mits. A sense of personal and of collective dignity would be thus maintained; and corruption would be neariy annihilated ; and with it the immoralities so degra- ding and so destructive to the poor. 4, A reform in the laws respecting debtor and creditor; and this seems to be making some progress; favourably to personal liberty, industry, probity, the security of property, credit, and general welfare. . : 3. A reform in the law of impound- ing and of replevin, which are of very frequent occurrence (at least the im- pounding); and are attended with much intricacy, disadvantage, and oppression, to the poor. 4. A power of allowing costs in case of misdemeanor, At present formany most vexativus,and sometimes habitual injuries, Means for Bettering the Condition of the Poor. [Junel, ~ from their_richer neighbours, the poor are shut out of all remedy for want o this power. It is astonishing that a bill for this purpose could be lost. 5. A reform in the law of capital punishment: the inequality, and, in many instances the excessive rigour, of which presses on the poor; and, by rendering prosecution and conviction, even when proved, very uncertain, injures them In another, and perhaps an equal de- gree. For the progress of this remedy the public is unspeakably indebted to the benevolence, devotion, and perse- - verance, of Sir Samuel Romilly. 6. A methud of bringing the smaller offences to a speedier trial, by empower- ing the justices to empannel a jury of the hundred by precept to the sheriff for that purpose, and to’ hold an hun- dred-court once a month, in their seve. ral districts, for that purpose: but so that all prisoners upon bail, and atl com- mitted not more than a month before the quartgr-sessions or assizes, shall be triable at the quarter-sessions or assizes, and not otherwise; the intent being only to shorten previous imprisonment; and as far as may consist with this, the more general jurisdiction being preferable to the more confined, 7. A clear and simple promulgation of the laws which concern the poor, that isy the body of the community ; so that all who can read may have the means of seeing and understanding the Jaws to which they are subject, and those who cannot, but who attend some place of divine service, may know this also, by abstracts being read monthly. 8. A more liberal extension of the law which assigns counselin forma paue peris, to those who may have to sue or be sued, but are unequal to the expences. 9, Some regulation with regard to the hours of labour, the construction of work-rooms, the heating of thém, &c. in those trades and manufactures which are most prejudicial to health. 20, The taking off much from the duty on male and increasing it proportion~ ably on spirituous liquors. ‘This would at the same time lessen the enormous frauds on that branch of the revenue. ’ These are he principal means by which the condition of the peor might be, in all respects g-eatly ameliorated. And perhaps none of them, certainly not many, are difficult to be put in practice, or at all hazardous. ' , Caps Lore. 1sil.] Remedy for the Scarcity of Gold Coin. Qo the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR, T appears to me that our present scarcity of gold is in a considerable degree attributable to its bearing in this country, when coined, a nominal value considerably less than its real value; a piece of gold of the size and weight of a guinea, being worth at least twenty-four shillings, while the guinea itself passes for only twenty-one shillings. This far- nishies an inducement to Jews, smug- glers, and cthers, who usually engage in contraband traffic, to export the coin of the kingdom, while on the other hand there exists no encouragement to import the-metals of which it is made; for the exporter of a guinea receives for it abroad at least twenty-four shillings, though he has taken it here for only twenty-one shillings; but the importer would have to give twenty-four shillings for a piece of gold of the same size, for whieh the government here could only afford to give him twenty-one shillings, since the piece of money they would make of it would pass for no more than that sum: and that twenty-four shillings is the real value of such a piece of yold, is evident; because that is the price given for guineas, when collected for the pur- pose of exportation, and because they must fetch even a higher price abroad, in order to yield a profit proportionate to the trouble, expence, and risk, of collect- ing and exporting them. It is obvious, therefore, that as pur- chasers of gold, we offer a less price for it than other nations; that their markets are the best for the sale of it; and that, while they continue su, all the gold will be carried to foreign markets in pre- ference to ours. . The same observations are applicable to our silver coin, the scarcity of which has arisen froin. the same causes as the scarcity of gold, with the additional cause arising frow the necessity our merchants _ are under, of paying for teas, and other Chinese commodities, in that metal only. Hence it is evident that our coin is disproportionately large, and that, while it Continues so, the advantage of purcha. sing gold and silver liere at a certain rate, and of selling them abroad at a much higher price, mast;have the effect of en- couraging the exportation of them, and consequently of encreasing their present scarcity, while the evident loss on the importation of them to so bad a market, will stand as ai insurmountable obstacle §@ the replenishment of our mint by the Montuty Mae, No, 213, AiT only means by which it can be reples nished, namely importation. These reflections lead directly to the means by which the further decrease in quantity of our gold and silver coin may be prevented, and their return to this country facilitated. Instead of offering only at the rate of twenty-one shillings per guinea for gold, and twelve pence per shilling for silver, let our government offer the same price for them as they fetch in foreign markets, or even a little more, and issue a coinage of a corre- sponding weight and size. This will at once destroy the inducement to export our coin, and encourage the importation of the precious metals into this country. That other causes have tended to create the present scarcity of gold and silver, T am fully aware; causes whose effects have been infinitely more exten- sive, and infinitely more ruinous, know .that the enormous subsidies with which we have, at various times during the last twenty years of war, paid foreign princes for fighting their own battles, and the immense sums we must have remitted abroad for the payment of our armies, whilst engaged on foreign service, must have drained us of millions and miilions of specie: but these are causes the effects of which I fear are irremediable. I know that twenty-four shillings is the price given for guineas for the purpose of exportation, for I was accosted about a month ago, at Dartford, by a Jew, who was returning from a journey made ex= pressly to collect them, who asked me whether I had any guineas, and said; if I had, he would buy them of me at that rate. He told me he had purchased 165 within thé last three days, and that he had given a one pound note end four shillings a piece for them. I asked him how he could afford to give so bigh a price, and he answered in a whisper, ** They are for exchportation, and you may be sure I makes it vorth my vhile.” At the time, I thought it was only a Jewish expedient to pass a forged note, or to exchange four bad shillings for one good one; but I have since learned that the price he offered for guineas was what they were really worth. Il. April 13th, 1811. : See ; To the Editor of the Monthly Magazines )STR, NEW edition of Mr. Wales’ Trea- tise on the Method of finding the Longitude by Timekeepers, having res cently made its appearance, professing to 8H be 418 Replyto Mr. Hawes’ Attack upon the received [June 1, be printed from a copy corrected by the author, and carefully revised by —— L. Gwynne, A.M. master of the Royal Mathematical School, Christ Church, London, &c. &c. and, observing that a very material error still remains uncors rected, I beg, through the medium of your very useful publication, to point it out, for the benefit of such persons as may use the tables in the above work. The error [ allude to isin the applica- tion of the second part of the equation to equal altitudes, (in Table II.) as ex- plained by an example in page &1, which the author prefaces thus, “ Another ex- ample will make every thing relative to these tables perfectly plain to the meanest capacity.” In this example the latitude is 33°°56' south, and the first part of the equation 10”:64 which is subtractive, because, the latitude being south, the sign is changed from + to—. But we are told that the second part of the equation 1-25, is sub- tractive likewise, naturally leading one, not of the meanest capacity, to suppose that the signs in Table IIL. are to be changed when the latitude is south, which is contrary to the construction of the table, and will certainly produce an erroneous conclusion in the calculation ; for in the present instance the whole equa- tion is said to be — 11"'89, instead of which it ought to be — 9"-39, being the difference instead of the sum of the two parts of the equation, and subtractive because the greater part is so. M. a To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR, ‘HAVE read in your last Number a communication entitled “ Objections to Doctrines adopted by Mr. Baily and eather Writers, on the Probabilities of Life,” by Nathaniel Hawes, on which I beg leave to send you a few comments. Mr. Hawes first briefly mentions the manner in which the probability of life has been expressed by Halley, De Moivre, Simpson, Dodson, Price, Mor- gan, and Baily ; and then states, that the purport of his letter is ‘‘ to represent the fallacy of such a doctrine.” This cer- tainly is a very modest beginning, and T assure you that, when T had proceeded only thus far, I formed no very elevated opinion of the ability of your corre- spondent; for, though I by no means think it proper that we should place an implicit confidence in names, particularly when we may, by the exercise of our $0:0000 © own reason, ascertain the truch or false. hood of whatever has been delivered concerning the subject of our enquiry ; yet when men, pre-eminently distin~ guished for their abilities, and for their arduous enquiries after truth, have suc- cessively maintained a doctrine by the force of reason and argument alone; I think it must be confessed, that sud- denly to renounce such doctrine, and to pronounce it fallacious, argues a degree of self-confidence which is more ge- nerally fuund to accompany vanity and ignorance, than truth and knowledge. Mr. Hawes next vives a very obscure and inelegant definition of what he “* takes to be” a fraction; he then pro- ceeds thus: “ By consulting Nature in preference to. my own imagination, or to any received doctrine, I find the proba- bility that a person, whese age is twenty, shall attain to the age of fifty, or live thirty years, is, according to the obser- vations of M. De Parcieux, as given in Mr. Baily’s third table, equal to 25°6689 30:0000 did not your correspondent acquaint his readers with the method by which he found the probability that a person, aged twenty, should attain to fifty, was 25°6639 years.” But why, Mr. Editor, Not one word however has he said of the modus operandi. No, but he says that he has consulted Nature: true, I know he says that he has consulted Nature; but may not his reader be at liberty to doubt the truth of this asser- tion? For does it not seem strange that Nature should have thrown her whole blaze of light upon Mr, Hawes, and have afforded only a few occasional rays to Newton, Halley, and De Moivre; rays too, which it should now seem, only served to bewilder and deceive them? Is it not extraordinary that Nature should have been so munificent of her favours in, most probably, her first interview with your correspondent, and that she should have been so coy in her manners, so re- served in her appearance, and so nig gardly of her gifts, to those great men, who spent their whole lives in her so- ciety? Surely, therefore, Mr. Editor, your readers may be at liberty to doubt this consultation with Nature, and to rank it in the class of those experiences, as they are called, which are not un- frequent among the members of a certain religious persuasion, but which are some- 4 times, 1811.] times, it is said, of suck a nature, as to render it doubtful whether they are spi- ritual, or otherwise. That J may not however be thought too hasty in my ridicule of Mr. Hawes’ consultation with Nature, I will examine his results. He says, that he finds, (from this consultation) that the * probability that a man, aged 46, shall attain to the age of 56, or live 10 years, is equal to oe d the probability that 30-0000 9°3"S and the probability tha a woman, aged 40, shall attain to the age of 50, or live 10 years, is equal to 1 9°2425 10 0000 ° those persons shall live 10 years, is equal ; to 20999 » Will the reader “think 10-0000 iy any ridicule too severe after noticing this But the probability that both ; 9°0959 sult? For the fraction ———— which sha 10-0000 . Mr. Hawes finds by consulting Nature, to express. the probability of both persons surviving for the specified time, is greater 219 10°0000 _ finds, from the same consultation, to express the probability that one only of those persous would be living at the end of the said time; that is to say, that it is more likely that two persons should be both found alive at the end of any given time, than that one of them only should survive tothe end of the said tine! Mr, Hawes further says, that he finds (whe- ther from the same consultation of Na- ture, or from any after interview with the goddess, he has omitted to state) that it is more probable that three persons, whose ages are 20, 30, and 40, should all be foand alive at the end of fifteen years, than that the person whose age is 40, should alone be found alive ‘at the end of that time; for he finds the fraction 13-0505 15 VO0O all of them will continue so long, but 2°5836 than the fraction which he to express the probability that only the fraction to express the 15 0000 probability that the person, aged 40, will continue to the same period. And thus, Mr. Editor, from that glorious in- flux of light which has fallen upon us, through the liberality of your corre- spondent, we are now to believe, that, if there be a hundred persons of the same age, it will be more probable that they should all be found alive at the end of any specified time, than that some one of them only should be found alive at she Doctrines of the Probabilities of Life. 419 end of the said time. One almost won- ders how such an instance of absurdity could have escaped even Mr. Hawes himself, accompanied as it is with sneers of contempt upon the most accurate of all sciences, the mathematics, and upon the ever-to-be-revered names of Halley, De Moivre, Simpson, Dodson, and Price, But lest our minds should not be suf- ficiently illuminated by the light which Mr. Hawes has shed upon,us in the com- munication of the results of his consul= tation with Nature, which have .been above stated, or rather, perhaps, that his readers might entertain a due sense of the high estimation in which Nature held this, her darling son, from che length of her conference with him; this gentleman has added, as a conclusive ar gument for the ignorance of Halley, De Moivre, Price, &c, &c. that he finds (from his consultation with Nature, mind | ye) that the probabilities of a person aged 15, continuing in being 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 65, 70, and 80, years, will be respectively *9°5837, 18°2394, 25°9894, 32°8101, 38-2624, 41°8909, 42°8573, 43°3278, and 43°5094; thus making the probability that a person should be found alive at the end of 80 years, nearly five times as great as the probability that the same person will be found alive at the end of only 10 years. Bravissimo, Mr. Hawes! Bravissimo Dame Nature, Mr. Hawes’ confidential adviser ! Your correspondent concludes his communication with the like expressive modesty with which he commenced it; for he says, that he trusts he has suce ceeded “ in representing the fallacy of a doctrine so confidentially authorised, so mathematically tolerated, and so impli citly acquiesced in, during the last hun- dred years;” and, by way of climax, closes with, “ It is only left me now to enquire, on which side of the question, conviction preponderates?”’—-Yes, Mr. Hawes, you need not for one moment doubt but your readers are fully con- vinced, that the “suggestions” of Dr, Halley were foolish; that the ‘ adop- tion” of those suggestions by Mr. De Moivre affords a proof of ignorance, the “adherence” to them by Mr. Simpson, an astonishing instance of obstinacy; the “ confidence” placed in’ them by Mr, Dodson, a display of rashness; the ‘espousal” of them by Dr. Price, an * The reader will observe, that there are no denominators to these numbers. * * The editor presumes, however, that dee nominators are to be understogd, | indication 420 ~ indication of imbecility ; the “ embrace” of them by Mr. Morgan, an example of the effect of dotage; the “assent” to them by Mr. Baily, a manifestation of good-natured credulity; and, finally, the “conviction of the fallacy of their doc- trine, by Mr. Hawes himself, a splendid and memorable instance of the efica- cious power of nature when properly consulted. T cannot conclude, Mr. Editor, with-. out observing that, in the “ objections” of Mr. Hawes, tlie name of Mr. Baily holds .a conspicuous place. Why this gentleman’s name should. have been so frequently mentioned, I cannot con- ceive, unless with a view to depreciate the value of his works; permit me there- fore, Sir, to state, that I have read and studied the greater part of Mr. Baily’s work, on the Doctrine of Life Annu- ities and Assurances,” and that I have no hesitation in declaring it to be by far the most excellent performance which we have on this subject. In the the- oretical part of this work, by his great skill in analysis, and by a more happy notation, the author has demonstrated the principles of the doctrine of annu- ities, in a manner which delights, no less by its elegance, than by its scientific accuracy; and in the practical part, the very extensive and apprepriate list of examples, and the valuable collection of tables, while they display the unwearied exertion of the author for the perfection of his work, render his book of the bighest utility, not only to all the Assurance Companies in the kingdom, but also to every individual who has any interest in annuities of every kind, or in the re- newal of leases. Norwich, April 17, 1814, R. Saryvt. rh Zo the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SiR, sb your last Number I observe a letter signed by Nathaniel Elawes. in which he asserts the incorrectness of the present mode of determining the pro- babilities of life. Your correspondent, instead of demonstrating that the emi- nent authors whom he names, have pur- sued a wrong principle, offers a mode of his own invention, and appears to conclude that, because the results pro- duced by the two methods disagree, his own must be correct, and that the other must necessarily be founded in error. i et ‘J should hardly think itmecessary to attempt to show the fuulity of Mr Reply to Mr. Hawes? Objections to the recewed [June 1, Hawes’s ‘system, which, to any person couversant with the science, must, at one view, appear unfounded, if I dic not think it essential that there should not be two opinions on so important 2 subject; as you must be aware of the great extent of business that is daily transacted in this metropolis upon the principles that it is Mr. Hawes’s object to overturn. , Mr. Hawes has very scdulously kept us in the dark, as to the foundation upon. which his ¢uperstructure is raised; and the only effectual mode of showing its folly will be, by contrasting it with the simplicity and clearness of the doc- trine laid down by Dr. Halley, and the other authors named. He asserts, (to use his own words,)that the subject of the present investigation is that of time, that is, its component and fractional parts:” now it appears to me evident, that not “time,” which is made up of divisions fixed, and not subject to mu- tation, but the probability of a yiven event happening, er not happening, in any one, or more, of those divisions of which time is composed, is the point in question; and that given event being death, we can only determine the pro- bability of its happening, or not, by a reference to those tables, that show the progression in which given numbers have died off, from birth, to the latest probable period of human existence. ‘The fraction that gives the proba- bility of a person bemg in existence at the end of any term, as expressed by every author who has treated on the subject, is this, the denominator shews the number taken from a table of mores tality, living at the aye of the person and the numerator, the number living at an age older than the given age by the term stated: the reason of this may be given in few words; in any table of mortality the number, therein stated to be alive at a given age, shows the num- ber of chances for a person of that age, both living and dying, in any term the number alive at an age older, by that term, than the given age, shews the number of chances for. living. te the end of the term; and the difference between those two numbers, shows the number of persons that die in the term, or the chances for not living so loug. This will be made perfectly fa- miliar by an example; let it be required to find the probability that a person, aged 20, shall live 30 years, (asin the first example quoted by. Mr, Hawes) and, also the probability that he shall not 1811.] not live 30 years;—the number living - at the age of 20, in Mr. Baily’s third table is 814, and at the age of fifty 581— the fraction $84, therefore, expresses the probability chat the person in ques- tion will be alive at the end of that term, and the fraction 223 shews the probability of dying in that time: both those fractions added together or $24 $ig¢ will be equal to unity, as itis cer- tain that the party will be either alive or dead at the end of the term. I should have been at a loss to dis- cover in what way Mr. Hawes obtains his numerators, if I had not observed that in those examples, where he makes the term for which the probability is to be found, equal to the.difference be- tween the age given and the oldest age in the table of mortality, from which the calculation is to be made, the nume- rator is the same number that is given in the table of expectations deduced from the same table of mortality; as, for example, he makes the ‘probability that a person, aged fifteen, shall live eighty years, 42°5924 the numerator of which fraction is the number given in Mr. Baily’s third Table, as the expecta- tion of a life of fifteen; and from hence I conclude, that the mode which he so confidently offers as a substitution for the present, is nothing more, than in the case of single lives, the making the number of years, for which the pro- bability is to be calculated, the denomi- nator, and the expectation of life. for that term the numerator. By tle expec- tation of life, I mean the share of life, which, according to any table of ob- servation, belongs to any individual of e given age, or in other words the ave- rage number of years which they will, one with another, enjoy. Mr. Hawes has forgotten, that by at- tempting to overturn the present mode of estimating the probabilities of life, he tries to overturn the way by which his own numerators are calculated, which are nothing more than the sums ‘of the fractions expressing the chances of living one, two, three, &c. years, to the end of the term named. In the case of joint lives, I need not under- take any investigation, but shall con- tent myself with observing that he has been guilty of a palpable error, which at once shews his whole system tw be founded in absurdity, and maintained by ignorance. I mean, his making the probability that two lives shall continue together in existence to the end of a égyui, greater than the probability thac Doctrines of the Probabilities of Life, 421 one of them shall live to the end of the same term, In his first example of his own method, he makes the chance of a person, aged twenty. being alive at the end of thirty years 23:8988 years; that a person, aged forty, shall be alive at the end of thirty years, 23,4058 years, and the probability that both snail con- tinue in being together to the end of the same term 24:85281!!_The same result is produced in every example he has given. It is now almost time for me to leave Mr. Hawes, ‘whose futile attempts will avail little, in opposition to the doc- trine laid down by such men as Halley, De Moivre, Simpson, and other emi- nent authors, and so ably treated by Mr. Hawes’s contemporary Mr. Baily, who has certainly combined in his va. luable treatise on the subject nearly all the information to be found in pre- ceding authors, in addition to his own improvements, althought it is to be wish- ed that he had blended with his talent some greater portion of liberality, would however, before I close, inquire of Mr, Hawes in what way writers on this branch of science, have overstep- ped the bounds of probability; and why, their principles are not correct. Mr. Hawes scems by his sneers, at what he calls the “mathematical faith. ful,” to suppose that the science may be made independent of the mathemas tics; to that [ shall observe, that had> he been able to investigate the sub- ject mathematically, five of your cos lumns would not have been occupied with the tissue of absurdities, we have seen from his pen; nor would he have ssked so many unmeaning questious, which have no other tendency than to perplex his readers and to involve the question in obscurity. By what imae ginary law of Nature does Mr. Hawes make kis deductions from registers of life and death? Can he suppose that a system laid down by the authors he_ has mentioned, will yield to his insig- nificant attack, which is unsupported by either reason or argument? Had your correspondent stated his objec- tions, with becoming modesty, and de- ference to acknowledged talent; and offered his system in a manner free from arrogance, he might have been considered ingenious, or at the worst have passed unnoticed; but his style is such as cannot fail of exciting emo- tions of contempt for his vanity, and pity for his ignorance. Puito abate tot fe) 422 Military Flogging—Lancaster System of Education. [Junet, To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. sik, TWITHSTANDING any differ- ence of opinion which may exist in the minds of men, respecting the justifia- bleness of war, and necessity of military establishments, those who interest them selves in the welfare of their fellow- creatures, whatever their sentiments may be as to those points, must greatly re- joice at seeing a most severe sort of military discipline abolished. For the information of your readers, the -in- sertion of the following extract from the London Chronicle is requested, provided. you think it worthy a place yy it. . ILTTARY PUNISHMENTS.” “We see with infimte gratification the new clause introduced into the mutiny bill, granting to court martials the discretion of commuting the pu- nishment of flogging for imprisonment, This is a salutary concession to the spirit of humanity, which the enlight- ening press has aroused and spread through all the civilized world, This is as much as could be expected per- haps from government in the first ine stance, and we may safely leave it to the feelings of the British officers them. selves to do the rest. We know that the service is an enemy to this shocking practice.” A Constant Reaver, London Chron. 14-15 Marck, 1811. P a To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR, HE numerous subseriptions which issue from Lloyd’s, for patriotic purposes, are known to every body, Permit me, through your Miscellany, to suggest a subject (in my opinion, noble indeed) for ample support. It is the ex- tension of the Lancastrian education throughout Ireland, together with other methods, adapted to encourage civiliza- tion in particular. Some wniters have ascribed the fall of the Roman empire to the religious disputes, which occupied solely the minds of the inhabitants, when other subjects should always be the most buoyant in society. Accursed pole- mics, and an invincible itch to settle the affairs of God Almighty and unknown worlds, have been attended with national injuries of the most serious kind, though by no means considered with a proper sense of their importance. A wise poli- tician will ever fee] regret when any reli- gious subject, whatever, becomes a point of yeneral interest in the minds of society, beyond the conduct of private life. Its views are too narrow for a proper poli- tical topic in any other relation; and it summons into energetic action, preju. dices, errors, and absurdities, of various kinds, PusLicoa, aE To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR,’ HE writer of ‘ Critical Remarks on Shakespeare,” in your Jast Number, (page 210, vol. 31) sides with Dr. John- son in his observations on the word “ming.” I am no commentator, and profess to have but an accidental ac- quaintance with the illustration (excuse the vanity of such an expression) which I take the liberty of sending you. “Ming” is a term frequently used in Norfolk, and is applied in the same sense as “to mix,” or mingle.” Our bakers aad economical house-wives have it in constant use; and the ingredients for bread and dumplings are said to be “ming’d,” or, in some instances, “mung,” when by kneading they are formed into dough. During the scarcity nine or ten years ayo, when a mixture of grain was recom- mended for bread, the discontented used to call out “No barley mung!” Dr. Warburton’s therefore appears to me to be the true reading. Take the sentence, “The composition that your valour and fear make in you, is a virtue of good ming, a good mixture, (or) excellent mingle, wear well.” The word composition,” too, favours this sense, which seems also to be that of the lines from the transla. tions of Horace and Lucan. “¢ He bears the bell in all respects, who good and I like the 5 ae, ming |, with sweet doth mingle * mings with other *¢ Which never wie ee Norwich, 5.0. C. April 2, 1811.° P.S. Since writing the above, I introduced the subject while in conversation with a theatrical friend, who, unacquainted with its local use, conjectured ‘* ming” to be an abbreviation of ** mingle:” and, further, £ consulted my boy and maid-servant, whose definitions exactly correspond with my own, and, as they cannot read, I consider them to be in this case very high authority. I have detained this so long in the vain hope of lei- sure, (being much occupied, ) for perusing the whole of the play, that I might find the quotation, since it does not appear in my 1 copys W811.) Answer to the Queries relative to Secondary Planets. 423 copy, (tle booksellers’ edition, 1803, 10 vols. with Johnson’s and Steevens’s notes, ) in the place referred to by your correspondent. April 18th. a To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR, REMARKED in your extensive and ] useful Miscellany. of March 1, an observation of Copernicus, jun. with respect to the earth and moon, as well as other primaries, with their seconda- ries—that “Our earth’s different he- mispheres successively receive the benefit of the moon's reflected light; whereas one of the moon’s hemispheres receives no reciprocal adyantage from the reflected light from the earth. We may be confi- dent (says he) that the wisdom and good- ness of the Creator, had some important end in view, whereby these globes are, upon the whole, greatly benefited by the manner in which they are arranged. Not having met with any opinion or con- jecture formed upon this subject, I therefore beg to propose as a query: What benefit of consequence is attained, or (which is the same) what important inconvenience is avoided hy the secon- dary planets, from their having always the same hemisphere turned toward their priniaries ?” Tn answer to this query, I beg leave to observe, that the moon’s hemisphere, ’ which is turned constantly to the earth, 2ppears to consist nostly ef solid matter, and to be mountainous. By this moun- tainous condition of the moon’s surface, the reflected light becomes more equably distributed than it would be were the surface asmoothone. This equal distri- bution of light is one great benefit which the inhabitants of the earth receive from that nature of the moon’s surface, which is turned toward it. The solid part of the moon being always turved toward the earth, may perhaps act more powerfully upon it in point of gravitation, than if it were aqueous, and thus our tides are kept in stronger agitation; by these tides agitating the water to an hundred ta- thoms depth, the nauseous particles occa- sioned by the excrements of its numerous inhabitants, and putrid matter arising from other causes, are diffused from its surface to that depth, which otherwise would glat-as a thick crust upon that sur- face; this agitation, with other circum- 8tances, such as the fresh air received by the water, from its incursions into the land; its communication with the atmo- sphere by the aérial tides; the electric effluvia passing through it in different di- rections, as well as from the regions above, together with the fresh water con. stantly flowing into it, tend to preserve the aqueous parts of our globe from the putrefaction which would otherwise take place, and render the surface of our earth not habitable: thus we enjoy an in- calculable advantage in this action of the moon. The advantage we receive from the tides in other respects, are numerous. The tides we should receive from the action of the sun alone, would not pro- duce this effect; but when conjoined with the moon, or when she is in quadrature im part opposed by those of the sun, do, upon the whole, produce the most bene- ficial effects. With respect to the moon, without en« tering upon a dispute whether she is in- habited or not, it may be remarked that the observations made by Dr. Herschel, prove that she has an atmosphere, and is mountainous similar to our ea-th, and therefore may be inhabited. The ad- vantages received from this mountainous structure, as furmerly stated, render it unnecessary to be adduced as an argu- ment in proof of her being inhabited. From the similarity of the moon to our globe, we may suppose that she is, like it, composed of land and water. Ourglobe, so far as is known of its surface, is in four parts of five covered with water, and only one part is solid land. If we may, from her similarity in other respects, suppose, the greatest part of the moon’s heini= sphere, which is not exposed to our view, to be covered with water: we know that our tides, which are exposed to the moon, are greater than our opposite tides, there- fore the earth being a body so much greater in magnitude than the moon, must make greater tides in the moon than she can make upon the earth, but the tides upon her opposite hemisphere, must be less than they would be upon her direct hemisphere. Again suppose that the moon revolved about her axis once iA twenty-four hours, her tides‘in that case would be forty times greater than ours; bodies acting upon one another, recipro- cally as their quantities of matter: but her revolutionary motion is near thirty times less than that of the earth, and her tides are considered to be upon her oppo- site hemisphere, aud not direct tides as those she gives to the earth; thus circuine stanced, her tides will not exceed ours in point of elevation, but the agitation would he too slow to preserve the salu- brity of the waters; bat when we bring her > 424 her other motions into account, we may find that this is corrected ; for example, her quick motion in acceding to the sun, to a considerable degiee nearer than what the earth approaches, and again receding to a greater distance; by the one, the sun will produce a preater effect wpon her tides tian npon the terrestrial tides, and by the other a less, from which her spring and neap-tides will’arise, but both will tend to encrease the agitation of her’ waters, which, together with her other motions, commonly designed irre- gularities, will regulate the mation of her waters so as to be similarly equal to the effects produced by the terrestrial tides ; and thus the primaries and their secon- daries are mutually beneficial to one another. But as Copernicus, jun. very pro- perly observes, that, a great part of the moon’s surface does not receive the be- nefit of light reflected from the earth; to compensate this, that part of her surface is screened from the powerful effect of the tides, which would be caused by the direct attraction of the earth vpon the waters of the moon, except at change, and which the other motions of the moon, particularly in her spring tides, would cause to be so much accelerated, as to render ber coast not habitable for some miles from shore; her high tides making so great incursions upon her land, But what the opposite disk of the moon is composed of, can only be the subject of conjecture, taken from the supposed similarity¢he may have to our earth in that respect. It is observable, that so soon after change, as a small part of her illuminated disk comes in view, the disk oppo- site to the sun, and turned to the earth, likewise appears; and, under some cir- cumstances, is rendered very discernible: if at such times that disk, and such parts of her opposite disk as are turned to the earth by her libration, be attentively ob- served, in order to discover whether it be serrated like the other parts of her disk, or whether-any parts of it are more smooth; and a comparison made between its appearance, and the appearance of the surface of water at night; if such ob- servation and comparison be carefully made, we might perhaps form a pretty true idea of the composition of the op- posite hemisphere of the moon. I have no doubt that Doctor Herschel would readily undertake these observations. T have thus risked a conjecture upon Vindication of the Proposat [June 1, the query proposed by Copernicus, jun. Without such queries and conjectures upon them, when demonstration cannot be brought directly forward, advance in arts, science, or literature, cannot be expected. Although advances in either of these are not to be formed upon con- jecture, at the same time, queries and conjectures may be so improved, as to produce at Jast a demonstration; or such a degree of certainty, as by natural con- sequence may be considered not to fall short of it. - OBSERVATOR. a For the Monthly Magazine. A VINDICATION of the PROPOSAL fo REPEAL the act Of UNIFORMITY. OUR Correspondent H. at p- 29, professes to examine a paper con- cerning the value of uniformity in re- ligious opinion. Full of his own pre- conceptions, and inattentive to the ar- gument advanced, after talking about toleration, which is not the topic han- dled, he decides against the enquirer’s proposal to repeal the Act of Unifor- mity, as intolerant toward the members of the establishment. Toward what members ,of the esta- blishment? , Is it intolerant to the clerical order, who would thereby be set at liberty to read prayers: and to preach sermons, exactly consonant with their own in- dividual sentiments? Without fear of deposition by the consistorial court, Mr. Stone might then deny the perso- nality of the Holy Ghost, or Dr. George Somers Clarke, the existence of pro- phecy; My. Overton might preach his calvinism, and the bishop of Lincoln his arminianistn, unrebuked, Clerical opinion would no longer be amenable before any inquisitorial ecclesiastic ju- risdiction. . Is it intolerant to the /aity? Less so -} at least than the present system. By. allowing the priest to accommodate his liturgic and homiletic addresses to the surrounding state of public belief, the risk of discordance between the parson, and the parishioners must evidently be diminished. Something would be done to meet the wish of the neighbourhood. Ecclesiastics of a compromising spirit, are more numerous in the proportion of ten to one, than ecclesiastics ambi- tious of proclaiming that they think foe themselves. Where an autonomous mind exists, it is mostly attended with a spirit of prosclytism, which slowly makes converts. Thus, whereter a ~~ change 48i1.] change resulted, either from ascensive or descensive opinion, the chance would be in fayor of increased harmony. Pro- bably not many congregations would un- dertake or undergo any alteration at all. The Enquirer, however, attaches little value to a conformity of opinion be- tween clergy and people. . In his idea the teachers ought to bea wiser order of men, and to hold a purer creed than the multitude, end to be at liberty to say so. Angels of heaven, they should be constanly lifting the .erring dupes of fanaticism out of the mire of superstition, and cleansing them for the serener region of truth. Be it left to sects to elect ministers down to. their own narrow bigotries, and credulous articles of faith; but let the magis- trate not impede the progress of in- Struction. The pursuers of uniformity, to have ‘ADy prospect of success, must always prefer the average creed of the people to the creed of the enlightened class: Anowing a better, they must choose a worse, religion; and, perpetually fire from a double battery at superior illu- mination, and at groping blindness. Happily uniformity is as impracticable as it is unnatural; and, wherever there lis. tolerance, different sects are found to arise suited to the various shades of insight and hues of teinper prevalent ‘among men, This is best for the public; the great awakener of intellect is controversy; where there is no dis- cord, no competition, the stimulus to acquire learning and to display elo- quence, is wanting. Spain, Portugal, Italy, bave sunken in the rank of li- terary nations, for no other reason than because an universal consentaneity of religious profession was exacted by the guardians of the press. Water, if stag- nant, putrifies; but, whether it ebbs’or flows, it diffuses lustre and fertility. It is so with the tide of opinion. The true interest of the magistrate “is to subdivide society into sects so nu- ' merous, that no one of them shall in- clude a majority of the people, or be 80 powerful as a coalition of the rest. ‘Toleration is in that case the permanent interest cf all denominations of per- Suasion, and is likely to be inforced by the sovereign, with the concurrence of all religious parties. What method so conducive to this desirable multiplication of heresies, as a repeal of the Act of Uniformity ? ' | Monrury Mag, No, 213. to repeal the Act of Uniformity. 495 There is nothing in the historic ori- gin of this act to render its stability honourable. In the year 1662 a bill was brought into the house ‘of com. mons on the 14th of January, and carried by, a majority of 186 to 180, which provides ** that all and singular ministers shall be bound to say and use the morn- ing prayer, evening prayer, and all other common prayers, in such order and form as is mentioned in the Prayer- book; and that all such ministers as omit declaring on or before ‘the fol- lowing 24th August, being the feast of Saint Bartholomew, their ‘unfeigned as- sent and consent to’ all and every thing contained in and prescribed by the book shali, ipso facto, be deprived of all their spiritual promotions.” This law soon in- troduced a monotonous uniformity of worship threughout the parish churches of England. Seven months were found suficient for the conversion of nine= tenths of the clergy to the agreed’ for- mulas. About two thousand priests were ejected from their benefices by the regulation. ay The act of uniformity was ‘to have been a compromise between the epis- copalian and the presbyterian clergy, who professed to be willing to accom. modate one another, provided those in- tolerable sects, (as Baxter called them) the Papists and Socinians, could be ef- fectually excluded. The terms of com- prehension were for a long time dis- cussed ; but, as soon as the king had received his crown at the hands of the episcopalians, these conferences were closed. The king, in a declaration is- sued prior to his coronation, had ex pressly promised, that half of the chap- ter attached to each see, should be elected bythe Presbyterians; but. this introduction of the elective principle into the constitution of the legat hierar~ chy, which would have rendered thie church more independent, was never offered during the conferences at the Savoy. The Calvinists waved every frivolous difficulty: they agreed to ac- cept liturgic forms of worship; they agreed that, the ecclesiastic superinten- dents should be called bishops. But the Bucerists retracted the very pro-~ mises made under the signature of their king ; and scrupled notat having obtained the co-operation of a great party, by the offer and promise of concessions, no one of which was eventually to be realized, Preferment was offered with 3i profuse 426 profuse liberality to Baxter, Calamy, and others of the Presbyterian party; but they were in return expected to sell themselves entire to the sect which had so basely defrauded them, by vio- lating engagements the most solemn. Their noble disinterest rejected -all hush-. hire. The purest atonement which can now be made for the perfidy, is to sepeal the act of uniformity, and to open the church to the defrauded sec- taries. The most important feature of the Enquirer’s plan is however not its eccle- siastic operation. An alert statesman would have pereeived in it the only practicable way of enabling government to avail itself of those revenues of the church, which are in the gift of the crown, for purposes of civil patronage. Without any infringement of private property, with new indulgence to pri- vate judgment, it would enable the mi- nister to give among Edinburgh and Quarterly Reviéwers, the prebendal stalls and sinecure preferments of the church, and thus render needless many an in- erease of the pension-list, me Zo the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. sIR, LAS! Mr. Editor, how melancholy it is to. trace the preguess of poor Lapi- cida’s disorder! A year and a half ago I .administered some medicines, and pointed out a regimen, that I hoped would have proved salutary, and ulti- mately have restored the patient. But the eguilibratio-phobia, under which he labours,-having not yet been introduced into any of our modern systems of no- sology, it is certainly diffeult. to know when to-form a favourable prognosis. The disorder, however, seems now ra- pidly hastening to a crisis; but the’ ca- coethes scribendi, with which’ the poor gentleman has been all along troubled, is 4 most unfavourable symptom. Like Gratiano, he “ talks an infinite deal of nothing, more than any man in all Ve- nice. His reasons ere as two grains. of wheat, hid in two bushels of chaff; you shall seek all day ere you find them; and when you have them, they are not worth the search.” I have gone through his last paper, which you have indulged with in- sertion in your Magazine for this month, (April) in order to pick out this grain or two, which he sets against the genuine theory of equilibration, and heve they are. ‘ Refutation of Lapicidu’s Opinions relative [June1, 1. Theorists consider “the whole thickness at the vertex as so much wall standing upon a mathematical curve,” 2, Emerson’s leading propositian is, to find the extrados from a yiven intra- dos. : 3. This proposition is not true, nor does it apply to the question, because its result “ differs from that of the simple catenaria.” -4. “The authority of the Woolwich Academy has imposed Emerson’s ‘The- ory of Arches,” but the true theory is that, which Lapicida “ attempts to detail from Dr. Gregory’s paper, and Dr. Hooke’s conclusion.” x 5. Dr. Robison admitted the falla- ciousness of the theory, and adduced, as the “clearest proof of ity that arches very rarely fail where their load differs most remarkably from that which this theory allows.” 6. The theory of domes, founded upon the same principles of equilibration, stands “like the full and perfect warning which a wreck offers to the heedless mariner.” 7. The theory of piers “is a part on which little has been written, and still , less understood, except by those who have been nursed in the practice.” 8. “Phe methods by analysis and geometry, resemble the progress of a young and old hound.” 9: “ There are mathematical hermits,” to whom “the common practices of mankiud are mysteries,” Now, in replying as briefly as possible to these, allow me to say, First. . That in Gregory’s Mechanies, page 141, vol. 1, there may be seen a demonstration of this proposition: “ The force of a voussoir devending on the magnitude of the angle, formed by its sides, the impelling force, and the re- sistance to be overcome, is on the first accouit directly as the radius of curvae ture of the arch at that point; on the second, as the square of the sine of the angle, included between the tangent of the curve at the yiven point, and the ver- tical line passing through that point; and on the third, as the sine of the same angle,” From this proposition the ob- vious corollary is deduced, that “if the height of the wall incumbent on any point of the intrados, is directly as ‘the cube of the secant of the angle, formed by a.tangent to the voussure at the given peint with the horizon; and inversely as . the radius of curvature ; all the hpysc en Wd 1811.) " will endeavour to split the arch with equal forces, and willbe in perfect eyti- librium with each other.” » Here. the theorist does not consider, as Lapicida pretends, “(an imaginary wall upon an imaginary arch,” but a load upon vous- soir; and yet the proposition corre- sponds accurately in its results with those of Dr. Hutton, inhis book on Bridges, a8 Dr. Gregory proves immediately after. Secondly. Though Emerson left the theory imperfect, as he found it, Dr. Hutton does not. He gives a general proposition to determine the intrados from a proposed extrados, and illustrates it by some of the most useful examples, Thirdly and fourthly, the results of a “theory differing “ from that of the sim- ple catenaria,” are no proofs of its in- accuracy. Here both Lapicida’s autho- Tities are against him, though he is so Jamentably ignorant of the subject as not to be aware of it; as I shewed at page 362 of your valuable Magazine for November, 1809; to which I now refer, in order to avoid repetition. But I must be permitted to remark, that if Lapi- cida’s malady had not been of the most desperate kind, the wholesome dose I then administered, would have produced a perfect cure. » | Fifthly. The instances ef failure ad- duced by Dr. Robison, have nothing to do with the question, as I shewed in the Magazine, and ai the page just referred to. But it is, on the contrary, perfectly in point to remark, that in semicircular arches with rectilinear extradosses, ei. ther horizontal. or sloping on both sides to meet over the vertex, it is constantly found that, after the centring of such arches is struck and removed, they settle ‘at the crown and rise up at the flanks: for this js exactly what the true theory of equilibration, against which Lapicida so absurdly cavils, would lead us to expect. Sicthly. Dr. Robison, another of Lapicida’s authorities, gives evidence directly in his teeth, on the subject of Domes. For, inthe article Arcn, (Sup. Ency. Britan:) he applies exactly the same theory of equilibration, to inves- tigate the properties of Domes ; I say the same theory, though a few additional principles are called in: he shews to what extent a deviation from true equi- libration may be allowed, and why; and illustrates his positions by references to gome remarkable structures, such as the dome of St, Paul’s, the [lulle du Bled at Paris, &e, ~ Seventhly, The theory of piers bas to the Theory of Arches. 427 been stated accurately by at least four authors; namely, Drs. Hutton and Gre- gory, M. M. Bossut and Prony. T will assert farther, thawithe most candid, skil- ful, and experienced of those who have been “ nursed in the practice,” are ready ta acknowledge, that in general they give to the piers full twice the substance they apprehend may be necessary, be- cause of their uncertainty as to what is actually required for stability. Eighthly. Whatever, in Lapicida’s estimation, “ the methods by analysis and geometry” may resemble; the fact is, that the principles of equilibration are always deduced from a simple and very . elementary application of geometry, to the composition and resolution of forces; and that the fluxionary processes only arise in the solutions of problems which cannot be touched in any other way, except by a gross approximation. Ninthly.. With regard to “ mathe matical hermits,” to whom “the com- mon practices of mankind are myste- rious,” few of them seem to have med- died with the theory of arches, Dr. Hutton, the author against whom La- picida levels his ill-directed fire, is no- torious, for his having, for a series of years, united theory with practice, to an extent never exceeded, and perhaps never equalled by any other man since the time of Archimedes.’ We owe to him, to his judiciously blending theory with experiment, all extant that is worth knowing on the subject of gunnery: and he has done more, both as a man of science, an engineer, and an architect, to improve and confirm the only tenable theory of arches and piers, than any other philosopher. Whence then ori« ginates this incessant tendency on the part of men who are not able to read (and of course not to estimate) a tenth of his writings, to depreciate and de. spise them?’ fis Essay on Bridges, though published as a hasty imperfect attempt, contains more valuable and correct propositions on the subject, than ean be collected from the aelohiiiee of all the mathematicians who have at- tended to it. I hope and trust he will extend his researches on this interesting branch of enquiry, in the edition of his Tracts now announced, (I perceive) as publishing ; for I doubt not, the result of his enquiries for so many years, will place the subject in a flood of light, will shew in what points all various theories, supe posed by infants in science to differ, yxy fact agree, in what points authors sup- posed 498. Shameful Practice of Exhibiting St. Pads, Kc. [June 1;! posed to be at variance are in unison, and thus compel these “lesser stars,” your Lapicidas, your Wares, and your Gwilts, to “hide their diminished heads.” This will have many advantages ; and among others will save me the trou- ble of quitting the Combination Room (as I have now done) when I have only drank half a bottle of wine, to expose the blun- ders of such insignificant scribblers. Puito VERITAS. C—— College, Cambridge, April 10, 1811. P.S. I have just to add on the subject of Mr. Garrard’s communication, that, from an examination of the work to which he refers, it appears that he did not, in 1792, demon- strate the proposition he says he then in- vented. Three demonstrations are there given, but none of them is Mr. Garrard’s, : . ——— Fo the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR, E hear a great deal from many quarters about, what are called, the abuses of governments in great con- cerns; and this makes so loud a noise, that minor evils seem not only to be overlooked, but even those who live by them appear to gain courage from the clamour. Among the most shameful of these, and easiest to reform, allow me to men- tion the exhibiting Westminster Abbey and St, Paul’s, for money, to that public, who out of their own pockets have paid for the monuments and the building. A philosopher, an artist, a country gentle- man, wish, from various views, to visit the tombs of our ancient kings, poets, and heroes, to see the progress of art, or to fill up some chain of history; or a person of pious feelings desires to enjoy them there, instead of dissipating them in the crowded streets. ‘These no sooner enter, than a demand is made of money before they can pass the barrier, and unless they pay to the church one shilling and nine- pence, there is no admission! St. Petev’s, and all the fine churches, in Italy, open their gates, their chapels, their sacristies, their vaults, to Christians of all ranks and all denominations. The Whore of Babylon would shrink with scorn from a proposal to take one shilling and nine-pence to shew her ornaments } GuiC, Ea For the Monthly Magazine. JOURNAL of a@ recent yoraGE to CADIZ. Gibraltar. LEFT Cadiz to come round here, in 4 heavy-sailing merchantman, and . two carriages to pass, and is about five was five days on the water, instead of» twelve hours. We entered the straights » with a gentle westerly wind, and had a pleasant view of the Spanish and African coasts; Gibraltar appearing like a cloud at iatervals behind the otber mountains in the neighbourhood. ‘It was night bes fore we could anchor, when the numerous lights from the houses extending over the rock, glittered with a very pretty effect. We entered by a narrow draw-bridge, that communicates from the ramparts with a flight of wooden steps, or circular stair-case erected on the beach, called Ragged Staff; this is the principal en- trance into the garrison from the har-: bour; the other entrances are at two moles. The communication ‘by land is over a narrow road, just wide enough for. hundred feet in length. The sea washes . up to it on one side, and on the other is a pond of still water, reaching close to the rock, This road is mined, and, if i¢ were destroyed, the garrison could not be approached but by passing through the tide. The rockis about three miles in cir- cumference, it is long and narrow, and not accessible on the eastern side; the north end boldly rises seventeen hundred feet, which is its highest elevation, and on the extreme height is a large mortar, called the ‘‘ Rock-mortar.” Here the famous galleries or exca- vations are formed. These are cham- bers containing guns, extending from | two to four hundred yards in length, in | several tiers some hundred of feet above the base. They communicate with each i other by stair-cases, cut within the rock, and leading into some large apartments, | distinguished by the names of St. George’s | ber, &c. The only light they receive is admitted from the holes where the gung are pointed, and some parts of the pas- sages are quite dark, The ‘guns are ina clined in the direction to defend the ap- proach to the town, from the Spanish] | main, and their elevation is so great ag} | to render it almost impossible to fire a | shot into the galleries; the men are, con- sequently, not exposed to injury from a enemy’s fire. These works have bee very considerably extended since the} siege in 1782, and at that time thd } Prince de Condé, who had permission td |! enter the yarrison’ a few hours after thd & truce, said, “that the undertaking wa of such a nature, that none but the En glish could have accomplished it.” ‘Ph vestiges of a strong work are to be sce wee asi] near here, called: the “ Moors’ Castle,” and extending in a line from the bottom almost to the top of the rock; but they are useless in modern _ fortifications, and shew numberless marks of the ene- my’s shot. It would be uninteresting for me to enumerate. all the bat- teries that are on the rock, such as “ Willis’s Watteries,” of which there are many; the “grand battery, and the grand cavallier,” at the land port, are formed of two tier of guns, thirty- two-pounders,- and thirteen inch-mor- tars, defending the north end of ‘the town. The ditch at this place, it is said, Bonaparte has declared he will fill with his dead, and march his storming party over their bodies in the event of his bes sieging the place! At one end of these batteries is the new Mole, where the merchant ships lie in _ time of peace; during a war they cannot anchor here, as they.are exposed to the fire of the Spanish battery of fort St. Phi. lip. Itisa convenient and safe anchorage, but the roadstead is very dangerous, particularly in the winter months, when the winds prevail from the south and the west; wrecks are then frequent. The Mole is inclosed by extensive works, erected while Sir Thomas Trigge Was governor, in 1804, (as appears from an inscription over the gate-way), and by tlie celebrated battery called the “ Devil’s Tongue,” which extends into the bay ppwards of three hundred feet, and is mounted with twenty-four pounders, atid thirteen inch-mortars. It rises just above the level of high water, and to the enemy is very formidable, though it ap- pears to them so small that during the whole of the late siege, they were not once able to throw a shell into it. The King’s bastion, at the water’s edge, about the centre of the rock, is another fine work, erected by General Boyd, previous to the siege; it was before this battery, that the celebrated floating batteries of the Spaniards were burnt by the red-hot shot Pie garrison. General Boyd is buried within it ; and casemates for a great number of soldiers, are in- closed by it. _ Near this bastion is mounted a brass mortar, weighing eighty-seven hundred ounds; and there are upwards of four undred pieces of artillery mounted on the rock, there being scarcely any part of it ynfortifjed that could receive a gun,, | The town’ is not extensive, the houses e necessarily built low, and are in ge- neral very small, There is one principal Jaurnal of a recent Voyage to Cudiz. 429 street, badly and disgracefully paved and dirty; many less ones branch off on each side, gradually winding up on the side of the rock, where the wooden houses,, or wooden sheds, overtop each other, ? The inhabitants, or residents, are computed at about twelve thousand souls; of which two-thirds are Spaniards and Barbary Jews; besides a mixture of all nations, and of all languages. The troops now amount to about five thou. sand, whose abodes are scattered on various parts of the rock, in confined barracks or bomb-proof casernates. A very small portion of the rock pre= sents a Cultivated surface, as it has not any natural soil; it atiords, therefore, not any sort of pasture, or scarcely any thing like food for the inhabitaurs, The supply of most necessaries is furnished chiefly from the African coast, and now the intercourse is uninterrupted from Spain. Salted provisions, pulse, -pota- toes, cheese, and butter, are brought from England., The glacis is now con- verted into gardens, and vegetation is sa rapid, that cabbayes, cauliflowers,’ and other esculents, are grown throughout the year. There are also a few small gardens between the protuberances of the rock, which principally belong to officers; and we here and there see the almond and orange in bloom, A few goats are kept for the sake of their milk, they find their sustenance among the herbaye on the rock, where they ‘« With faces prone’ And eyes intent upon the scanty herb, It yields them; or, incumbent on its brow, Ruminate heedless of the scene outspread Beneath, beyond, and stretching far away, From inland regions to the distant main.” The communication with Spain being open, the natives come in daily- with their asses and mules, loaded with bread, pouliry, &c. &c. They. drive in their cattle and some sheep, neither of them of good quality. The beef is not fat, and is so small, that a quarter often weighs not more than forty or fifty pounds. The sheep are also lean and small; they cost about two dollars and a halfeach, and weigh fourteen pounds per quarter ; the wool is generally black, and always coarse, and with the skin is sele dom worth more than a shilling. The pork is very good. Goats and kids are often eaten; a kid may be bought for about half a dollar. Bread is plentiful, and costs about two-pence-halfpenny per pound; it is not however of very good quality, 430 quality either in flavour or appearance, Wheat is brought from all parts of the Mediterranean, by Greeks, who come here on speculation. The sailors have an jnterest in the sale of the cargo; and if the market be disadvantageous, the men get nothing for the voyage, as they are hired for a venture, and their recom- pense arises from the profit on the cargo. Fish may be had in abundance, but the fishermen do not like the restraint they ave placed under, of taking out a hi- cence; and this has been imposed on them in consequence of a vast smaggling trade that was carried on with the coast of Spain, during the war, Tobacco was an article extensively dealt in; the boats used to go armed, and the Spaniards came to the shore in bodies of two hun- dred wen at. a time, to meet the ad- wenturers, who were generally paid in dollars for their commodities; but Lord Collingwood and General Dalrymple put gn end to this illicit traffic, and. occa- sioned a serious loss to some individuals who had stocks of tobacco on-hand, as ‘well as by the capture of their loaded Boats. .The Brazil, or black tobacco, is the quality consumed on the Mediter- raneair coasts; and the winte, or Vir- ginia, in the other parts of Spain, Firing is supplied from England; the Duke of Newcastle furnishing the troops with pit-coal, free of expence, excepting the freight; and, as the issues to them are Fiberal, and often exceed their wants, the surplus is sufficient for the use of the inhabitants, who pyrchase this article at about twelve or fourteen dollars per chaldron, Toward the southernend of the rack is the dock-yard, where the men of war can only be partially repaired, as there is no dry dock. 1 could, not avoid re- marking, over the entrance, a board with a public notice written on it, in English, ~and an attempted translation into 4 broken language between Italian and Spanish; reflecting, at the least, no gram- ‘matical credit on the author, whether he were a government clerk or not. The victualling department is near the syard; it is a small building, but a mag- nificent one is begun, the cost of which ds estimated at fifteen thousand pounds sterling. Here are also some extensive tanks, excavated in the rock ; they are to be filled from the water that accumulates in the rainy season; and are calculated vo contain a sufficient supply for the navy for twelve months, They are divided into compartments, and the expence of mak- ~ Journal of a recent Voyage to Cadiz. [June l, © ing them is calculated to have been not less than forty thousand pounds sterling. Europa Point, which forms the south end of the rock, and has its name from being the extreme point of Jand in En- rope, is a flat space, covered with rough fragments, and inequalities of the rock, about six hundred feet in diameter; and can scarcely ever be approached by boats, owing to the many ¢mall’ project= ing rocks which run a considerable dis- tance into the sea. On the top ofthe rock, near this place, General O'Hara, while governor, erected’ a signal tower, cailed St. George’s Tower, (now O’Hara’s Folly.) It was intended to supersede the use of another signal, at some distance from it; but a ‘violent storm, accompanied by lightning, shat- tered and nearly threw down the whole fabric, soon after it was built; and it is supposed that this effect was produced:in | consequence of the stone work being fastened by bars of iron, It was to Europa Point that the in- habitants retired, 1m the:year 1802, while the plague raged with such violence, as to carry off upwards of seven thousand people belonging to the place. The want of sufficient and efficacious medical assistance wus much felt, and the ap- proach of the winter season was the only powerful aid that destroyed, the con- tagion, It was remarkable that the porters, who are natives of Barbary, should in general have escaped the fever ; they used to attend on the sick and the. dead, without contracting the disease, At this period, a duck or a fow! cost two dollars; and turkeys, ten to fourteen dole lars each, The rock, fromits great height, affords numerous points of observation. The sigs ~ nal-house, in the centre of the summit, commands the Atlantic, beyond the coast of Tangiers, so that not a ship can enter the straights unobserved. The levelled space on which it stands is about: thirty feet diameter; and from it a ship of the line has a very diminutive appear ance. The prospect is altogether de- lightful; toward the Mediterranean we distinctly see the mountains beyond Ma. laga, called the “ Sierra Nieva,” from the circumstance of their being always covered with snow: they are distant, in a straight line, about one hundred and twenty miles, The towns, on the seas coast, are numerous, and the country nround is very picturesque. Itis bounded on all sides, as. far as the eye can reach, by lofty mountains; the valleys and 1 piginsy — — ‘- 1811.) plains, here and there, interspersed with verdare and trees.’ On the summit of one of the mountains, near the town of Saint Roque, is a spot called the “ Queen of Spain’s Chair,” her Catholic Majesty having sat there to witness the expected surrender of the garrison in 1782. The town of St, Roque is distant about eight miles, and is a dirty place, like other Spanish towns. Between this and Gibraltar, are the Spanish lines, which bound a tract of light sandy soil, called the neutral ground, about one mile in breadth, and three to fourin length. They are protected at each end by two large forts, called Fort St. Philip, on the west, and Fort Barbary, on the east; on the ‘walls are a number of watch towers, and within the line are extensive barracks, or ranges. of huts for the troops, and one small wooden gateway which leads into Spain. In time of war it is not uncommon for the officers of each nation to have in- tercourse with each other occasionally on the neutral ground, until formal notice be given that itis tocease. The zig-zag approaches which were thrown up here by twenty thousand of the enemy in one night, are still visible, though nearly filled with sand. Human bones are often discovered in abundance on this spot. From the signa|-house are also dis- tinctiy seen the fortifications of Ceuta ; which are, from their great elevation on a rock, deemed impregnable, especially to the Moors. It is connected with Bar- bary by an isthmus of sand, but the tewn is thinly peopled: it has a good harbour and seems to be a second Gibraltar, It is remarkable that since I have been ‘here, the captain of the English packet » from Falmouth, actually mistook Ceuta for this place, and an- chored there some hours, until he was blown off by 2 gale of wind. This small portion of the African coast presents majestic mountains rising amid the clouds, particularly one called ‘* Apes’ Hill,”’so named from the vast number of apes which inhabit it. Immediately opposite to the town of Gibraltar is Algezeras, a sea-port be» longing to Spain, containing about twelve thousand inhabitants, It 1s defended by ‘small rocks which are strongly fortified ; and isa rendezvous for ships of war and gun-boats which so much annoy the , straights in war tine. _ Some excellent serpentine roads are cut on the western side of the rock, one ef which leads to St. Michae!’s cavern, a Journal of a recent Voyage to Cadiz. 431 ahout half an hour's gentle walk up the hill.) This cavern is of .an unknown depth, many attempts have, from time to time, been made to find its bottom, but without success. General O‘Hara, it is said, descended considerably lower than any one before him, and, thinking that no person would venture to the depth he did, left a purse with money on the spot, which was to belong to whoever would fetch it; a soldier went down and brought it up, but no one has succeeded him to the same distance. It.is a beautiful stalactitic cave, and opens by a chasm about eight feet high and four wide, leading into a gloomy sloping chamber, vaulted and supported, as it were, by a large pillar, naturally formed in the centre, and looking like the trunk of a decayed tree, from the base of which the descent commences. In the front of the entrance is a smal? space of ground, neatly levelled and turfed, for the accommodation of blocks heads who decide points of honor! We pass, in coming here, through a chasm sunk in the rock about twenty feet deep, called the Devil’s Gap, it leads to a guard house at the ** Queen’s Gate,” which prevents improper access to the signal house; and near this isa very Jarge mor= tar curiously formed iu the rock, com- manding the dock-yard, and fired by a train. e There is another cavern of smaller dis mensions toward the north end of the rock ; here arealso a variety of stalactites, and some spar running in fine’ veins through a dark-grey stone, containing a kind of diamond, Itis asmail bright subs stance, which easily separates into cryse tals, and they are often sought for the purpose of making trifling ornaments, which are more curious than valuable, The petrifactions are worked into candles ~ sticks, inkstands, seals, cc. &c. in great variety. The west side of the rock is covered here and there with the palm tree and the. palmetta, » The golden Striped aloe and the prickly pear also grow luxuriantly amid the crevices. The geranium, the rose, the broom, the asphodil, &c. are in flower; and a row of poplars at Tyrwhitt’s. Farm, are now in foliage. These trees and shrubs afford shelter to a few partridges; but a standing gars rison order forbids the use of the fowlings niece, so that they are never molested, Tonkeys also find refuge among them 3 there is a herd of upwards of two hundred of those animals, some of which are very large. 452 large. They are seldom caught, and are daring enough te deprive acentinel of his meal now and then, which they will con- vey from his box with their usual dex- terity. They are very susceptible of the alteration of weather, and, when the wind is from the south or the west, they are not to be seen; as they invariably change their abode, and sheiter themselves on that side towards which it does not blow. As so many of the inhabitants are com- posed of Spaniards, they are allowed the exercise of their religion, and have alarge church appropriated to their use. A convent, which of course formerly be- longed to them, is the residence of the governor; itis a spacious building, and contains some good rooms, but. the eburch attached to it is small and gloomy. It is now undergoing repair; the roof is ornamented with rose work in the Grecian style, and on the walls are tablets to the memory of General Boyd, General O'Hara; and to the Hon. Capt. Paget, of the Sybille; whichis an elegant sculpture, There are three libraries, one exclu- sively for the ‘use of the officers of the garrison, another a circulating one for the use of the inhabitants, and a third is a ‘subscription one, to which no person belongs ‘but by ballot; it is liberally con- ducted, ‘and has a reading-room, where strangers are admitted on the introduction of a member. It is well provided. with good books in the various languages, and receives from England the Morning Chro. nicle, the Star, Cobbett’s Register, Lloyd’s List, and a price current ; a bust of Cicero graces the head of the room, and there is a collection of a great variety of lava; each specimen having a label on it describing the spot from which it was taken. Spanish Gazettes, such as they are, are likewise received. A paper is published here every Saturday, entitled the Gibraltar Chronicle;” it bas been established nearly four years, is well printed, but conducted bya Frenchman! A wretched theatre and more wretched Spanish actors and musicians are now amusing us. It is a most shabby place, and seldom resorted to, excepting when the governor attends it, but for the pur- pose of ridiculing the performers and smoking segars. They have brought out a piece, representing the escape of the Marquis de Ja Romana, with the Spanish _soldiers from Zealand. The bills of the performance are handsomely printed, on various coloured ‘silk, in Spanish and broken English: one of the performers on his benefit night, concluded his ad. dress with a wish “to have the attend- Journal of a recent Voyage to Cadiz. [June 4; ‘ance of Ladis and Gentilmin.” They dress gaudily; and their scenery, stage, and tout-ensemble, are scarcely better than a Bartholomew-fair exhibition. - There are now in the town upwards of two hundred French fugitives from Spain, and many more are on board of a ship in the harbour, who are not per- mitted’ to Jand. Indeed, they would hardly find a habitatiom that could shelter them, and it is wonderful to see the number of wooden huts scattered on the rock, and sull more the manner in which the people are already crowded into them. Sometimes, owing to their height, they are drenched with rain, and en- veloped in those mists which obscure the signa!-house for days together. The greatest precaution is taken with respect to the admission of any person into the garrison, who is not in a naval or military capacity. Every resident is obliged to be provided with a card of registry, which is granted every six months; without this, he is liable to in+ convenience, when he may wish to pass the different gates, and, at might, it is re= quired that no one appears in the streets without a light. The restraint on the movements of the inhabitants extends so far, as not to allow them to rest their arms ‘on, or lean over the walls of the ramparts, or to walk over every part of the rock without a particular permission ; and it is attended with difficulty some- times to obtain leave to see the galleriesa The power of the governor extends, not-only to the military, but to the civil departments; and his exercise of autho- rity has at times been such, as not to harmonize with the inclination of the in- babitants. The soldier claims notice and respect which the people are not disposed to grant him; and, as the gar rison is not in a state of siege, the former often feel indignant when they are not permitted to relax from what they may consider, too strict regulations. The consequence is, that each party is often involved in a quarrel; and, I onder- stand, that there are appeals at this mos ment lying before the privy-council for decision. I intend to apply for my passports to+ morrow, and take a jaunt overland to Cadiz; bidding an adieu toa place which is deserving the attention of a traveller, but who, without particular friends to form a society for him, will find this spot, if he be a sauntering Englishman, in- auspicious to his comforts, and very little inviting for a residence beyond a few days. ; Te ‘ 3311.] To the Editor of the Monthly SIR, IME is the least comprehensible of the various relations that appertain to the nature of existence. Lovicians have always disagreed in their definitions of it; and our conceptions are little im- proved respecting it, since the philoso- phers of Greece puzzled themselyes and mankind on this and: many other sub- jects, about two thousand years ago. These truths, however, appear to be felt, that Time at once generates and devours all things ; that it is the medium of ex- istence, or of sensation ; that we cannot eonceive any mode of existence uncon nected with it, and consequently are obliged toadmit an Eternity of time past, and of time future. Yet, however sublime may be the march of Time, ‘as it-regards existence in-the aggregate, it is impossible not to be sensible of its relative proper- ties, as it affects the mind of man. It is evident that we measure it by the combined variety and force of impres- sions made on the mind; that we have abridged ‘seasons of great vacuity or sameness; and others filled with strong impressions, which double or treble the perceptions of any given period. No one need be reminded of the length of weeks of adversity ; and there are few 80 radically oppressed by the knavery of the world and of lawyers, as not to have felt the comparative shortness of weeks of pleasure. Every one must.also have been sensible of the length of periods, accompanied by change of scene, and novelty of ideas; and of the relative di- mination of similar periods passed without variety and care. We are affected in -regard to Time as.we are by the winds -and waves during a sea voyage; if the wind is fair, aud. the sea unruffled, we go forward a hundred miles without being sensible of our course; but if the wind is stormy, and the sea rolls violently, every mile makes more vivid impressions than would the hundred miles under Opposite circumstances. In like manner, if we travel twenty miles on a road with which we are familiar, we receive few r no impressions, and the iwv. ends of our journey as matter of reminiscence Appear to meet; but if we travel over twenty miles of a road we never travelled before, the impressions are unmerousy and the apparent distance expands ‘to ‘woany times that of the other road, with which we are familiar. Thus it is that “Mpyarying time presents such yarying » Montutx Mag, No, 213, Magazine. Curious Phenomena of Time. 453 impressions to the minds of the same men at different periods. ~ This principle operates also in a simi- Jar.and uniform manner with reference to the whole progress of the same life. Uns der similar circumstances, either of same= ness or variety, time appears to become shorter as life advances, or as our fatni= liarity with it increases, Every one who has attained the age of forty must be sensible of the preat appat rent duration of the early periods of his life, compared’ with that of the latter periods. The rapid stealth of ‘timé is the universal complaint of every one as he advances in age. He feels it, but does not examine, or does not unders stand its cause. He-deplores in vain the rapid passage of weeks, months, years, and decades of years! . He remem= bers the slow and solemn progress of his'‘school days,—how he measured the tardy hours from meal to meal, and‘ from’ day to day,—how remote was Suns day from Sunday !—Now the day pass. es before he can» turn himself;—the year revolves before he can execute any meditated project ;—thirty absorbs twenty before he couid have supposed it ;—he finds himself forty as in a dreams —at fifty he feels himself mocked by the advance of age, and wonders what are become of the last ten years;—and at © sizty his growing infirmities, by diminish= ing his enjoyments, and his’ sources of variety, reduce to a narrow span all that passes in perception of existence, till, by the accelerated motion of time, he is hurried into the grave ! This universal sensation, so intimately blended with our existence and: enjoy- ments, has not, that I know of, been analyzed, or reduced to any practicable view by any writer ancient or modern. Yet surely amidst speculative enquiries, this subject cannot be considered as un- interesting ; and although we may not be ableto arrest the march of time; or post. pone the period of our dissolution, we may thus be enabled to make a just es- timate of our little span. of existence; and ‘save ourselves the mortification which may arise from ‘total ignorance of the fleeting nature of our latter days. The abstract cause of these phenomena regarding time, may be explained in the following manners We measure nascent or passing time by a mixed feeling arising out of the impressions of the moment, and of the proportion of those impressions to the impressions we have already expe- rigwced. in the time that we have lived. sik Je - ‘ iy " ; wr % 434 Mr. Taylor in reply to Mr, Saint. [June 1, , a In other words, having no ideas besides those derived from our experience, we Measure, in general, all future impres- sions by the number of past ones ; and every given future period is to every equal past period in the inverse propor- tion of the length of past life. Thus supposing the powers of reason and re- tention to commence at five years of age, the year that passes from seven to eight will be one half of all past existence, and will consequently be of great appa- rent duration; but the year that passes from twenty to twenty-one will be but a fifteenth part of all past existence, and will therefore in its impression on the ‘mind, be greatly less than the former year. The consideration, however, is a mixed one. If the recollections of all events were equal, and if events at different periods were exactly alike, then the ra- tios of apparent time, at different ages of the same life, would be as above; but as recent impressions are so much stronger than remote ones, and some events mark a period more emphatically than others, the ratio is rather to be as- certained from the experience of mankind, than from reasoning @ priori, Nor can we reduce so subtle and varied a prin- ciple to the nice proportion of successive months or years ; but periods of five or ten years, which average modes of life, and varieties of impressions, are to be preferred for such a purpose. Specu- dative inathematicians may amuse them- selves by drawing out tables calculated for the smallest periods, but every moral purpose will he effected by the results of % general calculation. Dividing life then into periods of five years or sixty months ; considering the period.of infancy as extending to five years; taking one fourth or fifteen months .a8, the proportion arising from proximity, or peculiar force of recent impressions ; and taking the successive proportions of sixty, according to the above general principle, the following will be the num- bers indicative of the apparent length of every five years in sixty such months as the mind measured in the first five years of rational existence. 1to5 infancy, -§ to 10 enjoys the full sivty months, 10 to 15 equal only to forty-five, 45 to 20 equal to thirty-five 20 to 25 equal to thirty, 25 to SO equal to twenty-seven, S30 to 35 equal te twenty-five, 35 to 40 equal to twenty-three, 49to 45 equal to twenty-one, nearly, “46 to 50 equal to twenty, 50 to 85 equal to nineteen, 55 te 60 equal to eighteen After sixty, I conccive the season of active life is so far gone by, that the efs fect of novelty and variety may be re duced from a fourth to a fifth or si:.th; so that at three score and ten, the sixty months of early life will bereduced nearly to anapparent or relative twelve months ! By the table then it appears, that with reference to the apparent duration of the first sixty months of rational existence, the same nominal period will, from the age of twenty to twenty-five be reduced one half; and from forty-five to fifty, will be reduced one third. Hence the five years from twenty to twenty-five, will appear, under ordinary circumstances of life, to be only half as long as the pe- riod from five to ten, when the mind ac quired the ‘greatest stock of sensations and recollections. But the same period will apparently be half as long again as the five years from forty-five to fifty, and twice as long as a similar period at sixty ! It appears too that the 660 calendar months which elapse in a man’s life be- tween five years of age and sixty, are reduced by this operation of the mind to about one half; so that the apparent and conscious existence which a man has passed at sixty is but the half of its nominal duration! Further, the ten “years which elapse between ten and twenty, are equal to the twenty years which elapse from forty to sixty, the two periods in the table being respectively equal to eighty and seventy-eight ! Every man’s experience will verify the positions here insisted on, and his. feel- ings will justify the preceding dedué- tions. Others may be made ‘by the con- templative reader, and a variety of strong practical lessons may’ ‘be ‘in- ferred at their leisure by °moralists and divines. Iam content with having called attention to a principle which ] am per. suaded has been felt, without being un- derstood, and which is in all respects toe interesting to remain longer among philo- sophical desiderata. Common SENSE, Buckingham Gate, May 20, 1814. a For the Monthly Magazine. To w.SAInT, ESQ. of NORWICH, sTR, erly OF aes your remarks on my Ele- meats of the True Arithmetic of Infinites, from the asperity with whieh they ‘are written, and the facility wit 6 whiels 1811.) which they may be. answered, demand on my part, that.the reply to them should be written with at least, equal severity ; yet [ will not so far degrade myself in the confutation of them as to act the part of a Reviewer. In your own language therefore, “ Now: sir to-the point.” My three first postu- lates, you say, “ You readily grant ;” but you are averse to assent to my fourth postulate, which, as you say, runs thus, “That to multiply one number, or one series of nuinbers, by another, is the same thing as to add either of those num- bers, or series of numbers, to itself, as often as there are units in the other.” You add, ‘¢ Now to say nothing of the ‘ absurdity of calling this a postulate, which is, in reality, a definition, I do not be- lieve that it conveys even your own meaning, for surely you will not say that. 3, multiplied by 2, isthe sameas 3 added twiee to itsell—for 3 added once to itself makes 6, and if added twice to itself it will make 9; and I cannot think, sir, that you meant to say that 3, multiplied by 2, is equal to 9,” I have only to say, in answer, that if I am in an error in this instance, your own favourite moderns have, unhappily for me, led me into it, And the first cause of my error was. Wol- fius, who, in his Algebra, p. 2, says, §*When unity is contained as oft in-one number, as another in a third, the two numbers are called) factors. or co-effi- ¢iénts, and the third is the. product, arising from the one drawn into, or mul. tiplied by the other, and és no other than adding a number to itself, as often as there are units in the other; but it is done sooner by multiplication.” Now that I should be wrong is not at all won- derful, ‘but it seems that even that great modern mathematician Wolfius, is-also wrong according to Mr. Saint. And perhaps also, sir, you may he of opinion, that a? for instance, is not the second power of a, but the sirst. power of it, for a?, you may say is the first multiplication of a by itself. I bowever, agree with modern mathematicians, that. 6 multi- plied by 2 is the same thing as adding 6 to itself twice, or 2 to itself six times, and that a is the first power of a, and a? the second power of it. You add, ‘* Now if you had te multiply the series, 14-1--1-+-1 &c. ad infinitum by 1—1, since you have asserted in the corollaries to your first proposition, that 1—1 is that which is neither quantity nor. nothing, but which is something, belonging to.number without being nembery you would he / Mr, Taylor in reply to Mr. Saint; 435 thus have to add the infinite. series 14+1+-1-+1, &e. to itself as many times as are denoted by that which is neither quantity nor nothing, but which is some= thing belonging io number without being number.” Observe sir, with what fae cility this objection may be answered, According to the above citation from Wolfius, the multiplication of two terms is equivalent to the addition of one term to itself, as often as there are units in the other. Now as there are no units in 1—1 it being an infinitesimal, and there are in 1-+-1+-1-4, &c. it will be the same thing to add 1—41 to itself, as many times as there are units in the infinite series 14+1+1-+1, &c. as to multiply 1+1+1+1, &c. by 1—1. And so it, evidently is according to my theory, For Tsay, and have demonstrated that 1—1 added to itself infinitely is in the aggre- gate equal to 1, though in the distributed form 1—1+41—141—1, &c. it is only equal to wd, 1-1" In your next objection, you think that you have great matter for triumph. As a demonstration that the series 1—1-+-1—1+-1—1, &c. produced from 1 1-1 the expansion of —— is equal t RRS Ph gaat, SARE SO I said From 1 Subtract I—141—141—1, &e. The remainder “+1—141—141—1, &e. To this you object, ‘ thatif instead of placing the subtrahend 1 over the first term of the second line, I had put it over any of the succeeding terms in the same line, as in the following instances, 1 should not have obtained the remainder *+1—1+-1—1+41—-1, &c. as, may be seen on Inspection. From 1, Subtraet 1—1+1—1-+41, &e. Remainder. is —1-+2—1-1—1, &c. From 1 Subtract 1—1-+4-1—i-11, &c, Remainder is 11. -+-1—1, &c. From 1 Subtract 1—i-+-1—1-41, &e. Remainder is —1-+-1—1-+-2—1, &c. Thave not inserted your second ine Stance, because it is not intelligible, Owing perhaps to errors of the press, and I have corrected an error in your ‘third instance, as. you will easily. see, which also. was perhaps an error of the press, tr , Observe 436 Observe here again, sir, and you will find that your objection vanishes as soon @s itis examined. You say, I do not in these instances obtain the remainder "+ 1—1-++-1—1+41—1, &c. True sir, but what if I obtain a remainder equal to it! Have you any objection to this? Now mark, in every subtraction, if it is tly made, the remainder added to what is subtracted is equal to the sub- trahend, by my second postulate, which you say you admit. Consequently sir, to I—14 14-41, &c. let —14-9—14 I—1, &c. be added, and the sum is 1; and ‘the like conclusion is true in the _ other instances. But if this be the case —1+2—1+-1—1, &e. is equal to.1—1-++ I—itit—1, &e. Por if toi—i+1—1 H1i—i, &e. -1—1-+-1—141—1, &c: be added, and the sum is 1; and if also to 1—1+4-1—i1+1—1, &c. —1-+2—1 +1—1, &c. be added, and the sum is also 1. E think you'will not dény, Mr. Saint, that 1—1+4-1--1, &c. and —1+42 —1+-1—1, &c. must be’ equal to each other. Now, if it clearly appears from all this, that such expressions as 1—1,; 1—2-+4-1, &c. are not equivalent to 0, and yet are not quantities, is there any absurdity in asserting that they are ana- Iogous to points at the extremities of Ines, which are something belonging to, without being lines; and therefore that these »expressions are something helong- ing to number, without being number? » Why you exult so much at my having by a very obvious deduction shown the truth of my method of finding the last term of an infinite series, I cannot con- eeive. For in the eighth proposition, I have demonstrated the truth of ‘this universally, and I chose previously to elucidate it by induction in the third Proposition, from the facility with which such induction may be made. My eighth proposition, therefore, is as follows: “ In every series of terms in arithmetical or geometrical progression, or in any Progression in which the terms mutually exceed each other, the last term is equal to the first term, added to the second term, diminished by the*first ; added to the third term, diminished by the second; added to the fourth term, diminished by the third; and so on. /And ifthe num- ber of terms be infinite, the last term is equal to the series multiplied by By as - Demonstration: “ Let the terms, whatever the series may be, be represented by a, b, c,d, e, then a--b—a-}+-c—b-+-d—c-+-e—d = e, Mr. Taylor in reply to Mr. Saint, [June 1, a i : +b—2 . , +c—b +d—e -he—d = Se ° But if the number of terms be infinite, viz. if the series be a+-b-+-c-+-d+e+f-+-g, &c. ad infin. then this series multiplied by 1—1, will be = a-+-b—a-+-c—b+d —c-+-e—d+f—e-+g—t, &c.” Q.E.D- Now, Sir, what becomes of your exul- tation; and how came you to be guilty of so unpardonable an omission, as not even to mention this proposition? You have, however, been guilty of a greater and more unpardonable omission than even this. For having. granted that the number of terms in an infinite series ; and alsa 1 cannot be greater than q that my method in proposition 3, of ob- taining the last term of an infinite series is Just; you have wholly neglected to notice the necessary consequence of this concession, which is, the complete sub version of the leading propositions in Dr. Wallis’s Arithmetic of Infinites, as E have abundantly shown in the treatise under discussion. Thus in the infinite se- ries 04-14-2454, &c. the last orgreat- est term is O+1+1-+-1-+41, &c. and the number of terms is 1-+-1+-1+1-+41, &c. and O+4-1-++1-+1+-1, &c. multiplied by 1+1+1+-1, &c. produces 0-+-1+42-4+3 +4+5, &c. Thus too in the series 0-+-1-++-4-4-90-+16-+425, &c.; the last term is O--1454547+9+4 11, &e. and the number of terms is 1-4-1+-1-++1, &c. and the last tern: multiplied by the nums her of terms is equal to 0-+-1-++-4-++-9-++16, &c. Thus again, in the series 0-148 +274644125, &e. ; the last term is O-- 1+-7 +.19-+487-+461, &c, and the number of terms is 1-++-1--14-1, &c. and the last term multiplied by the number of terms, produces 0--14-8-+27-+-641125, &c. And so in other instances which are enu- merated in prop. 3. Hence, as I infer in corol. 4, to prop. 8. “ In every infinite series whether fractional or integral, the terms of which have an uninterrupted conunuity, the Jast term multiphed by the number of terms wiil be equal to the- sum of the series. Now if this, Sir, be admitted to be true, and I defy you, or any mathematician, to show that it ig not, the following propositions of Dre. Wallis, are evidently false. ‘*In the arithmetical series O4-1+-2-+8-+4-4, &c. ifthe last term be multiplied into the , nombee 18t1.] ’ number of terms, the product will be double the sum of all the series.” ‘* In the series of squares 0-+-1-+-4-+-9 4-16, &c. infinitely continued, the last term being multiplied into the number of terms, will be triple, to the sum of all the series.” “«Tn the series of cubes 04-1-+-8-++27 +644-125, &c. infinitely continued, the last term being multiplied into the num- ber of terms will be quadruple the sum of all the series.” What other reason, Mr. Saint, can be assigned for your omitting to notice this discovery of mine, than a conviction of the truth of it? You will find your next objection answered in the 29th propositicn of my treatise, if you read it with attention ; and I shall therefore proceed to your last remark, You ask me “ how in taking 1+1 from 2, I obtained the remainder 4—1.”. It was as follows, Mr. Saint, From 2 Subtract. 141 Remainder is i—1 ' Memoirs of the late Paul Sandby, esq. 457 Ts not the subtraction lawfully made ace cording to the algebraic rule for sub- traction? AndTI also add, is it not ac tually made? For there is no other way of actually subtraeting +41 from 0, than by changing the sign, At least this is acknowledged to be the case by all modern writers on algebra. Now, Sir, if the expression {—1 while it remains in this form, and no actual subtraction is made of 1 from 1, is an infinitesimal, which I have abundantly proved it is, it most clearly foliows that 1—1 while it remains in this form, and one unity is not-actually added to the other, differs from the aggregate 2 by 1—1. And now, Sir, I shall conclude with thanking you for the opportunity you have afforded me of vindicating my Ariths metic of Infinites, and also for the com- pliment you bave paid to my heart; but it would have been better, if, in doing it, you had not run. your head against mine, as I am afraid it has injured yours. Tuomas TayLor. Manor Place, Walworth, May 7th, 1811. yA A SR ES ARES eS arte oan an —| MEMOIRS AND REMAINS OF EMINENT PERSONS, . MEMOIRS OF THE LATE PAUL SANDBY, Esa. R.A. &c. &c, HOUGH the subject of this Me- — moir has left behind him that, which will, in time to come, distinguish him from the common dead; a_ few facts, relating to an individual, whose long career and exertions of eminent talents, have been a public good, will, I presume, be acceptable to the numerous yeaders of the Monthly Magazine. Mr. Paul Sandby was born in Not- tingham, in the year 1726, and came to Loudon at the early age of six- teen; was, svon after placed in the drawing-room in the Tower, (instituted for the purpose of instructing persons in drawing military plans, &c.) and from thence he was selected to attend the survey of the Highlands of Scotland, (as draughtsman) then carrying on under Colonel: David Watson, and which took place soon after the rebellion in 1745. As circumstances are the great go- vernors of men, and may in most in- stances be said to be the makers of . them; perhaps, the destination of Mr, Sandby to the Highlands was the source of his eminence as a landscape painter, at least in the formation of his pecu- liar style, as, though he there saw na- ture in her wildest form, the necessity under which he lay of attending to particular accuracy in filling up the plans, may be supposed to have formed in him that curreet and faithful habit, with which he after viewed and deli» neated her. It is now too late, (except perhaps from his intimate connexions,) to learn how he passed his early days, or under whose superintendence he received his education; but from the respectable and ancient family from whom he sprung, and his personal and mental acquirements, it was evident that he had been carefully attended to. The cire cumstances that led to his professional excellence are more our immediate en- quiry, and more interesting to others, — and to those especially who are to fole low his pursuits in art. In the life of a painter little variety . is to be looked for; the next day being but a repetition of the last, and the succeeding one varying only as he creeps on towards perfection, Mr. Sandby, however, 458 panied by interesting ‘circumstances; for while in’ Edinburgh, thoogh very young, his talents were discovered, and ‘daly appreciated by many eminent per- sons in that city; and he was’ particus _ Javly marked” by the friendship of Al lan Ramsay, the celebrated poet, of the late ingenious Sir Jolm Clerk, of Pennyeuik, and iany otliers, with whom, and his brother officers in the survey, lie passed a pleasant period, Though thus circumstanced, we find him trot ide or indifferent to the cultivation of his native taste and talents; for at this time he made many very accurate views of Edinburg!) and its vicinity; and becoming acquainted with Mr. Bell, an engraver in that city, he got some insight into his mode of etching, and himself etched a number of scenes in the neighbourhood, which were done on the spot, upon the copper. At the same time also he took-am~rous sketches from nature, with surprising accuracy, and made many drawings of figures, in the costume, and of the ha- bits and employments, of the inhabi- tants ‘of Edinburgh, that are peculiarly interesting, and which mark a fertility of genius, that had only to select its path in art, to attain excellence. He chose landscape-painting, and a. few. facts will trace him through his progress up to that height, which he confessedly attained, \ After returning to London from Edin- burgh, Mr. Sandby employed himself in etching and engraving several plates of various subjects, which were pub- ished by Boydell, Ryland, &c. and when the late Sir W. W. Wynne went down to Wynnstay, to meet his tenants vpon coming of age, he was accom- panied by Mr. Sandby, who afterwards made several tours in Wales with the baronet. He also travelled with Sir Jo- seph Banks, the hate Dr. Solander, and Mr. Lightfoot, upon a tour to the Prin- eipality; and this journey he ever after remembered with the fondest de- light, having experienced from Sir Joseph Banks an attention and kindness, which ealled forth in him the highest feeling ef respect and affection for his liberal patron and worthy friend. During his first visit at Wynnstay, a theatre was got up, all the scenes of which were painted by Mr. Sandby; and although for very many years afterwards he never extended his pictures. beyond the size Memoirs of the late Paul Sandby, esq. however, did not pass his life unaccom- - / of a sheet of paper; yet in ebe year 1794, being applied to by Sir Nigel: Gresby ‘to paint a room the baronet had. built at his ‘seat at . Drakelow House, near, Burton-upon-Trent, Mr, Sandby, justly relying upon his powers, undertook the task; and notwithstand= ing the unusually large ‘size of the room, he actually began and eompleated within the short space of two months: which to those who see it there appears the labour of years, being one com tinued subject of a landscape round three sides of the room. Many of the trees are nearly thirty feet in > height, and the ceiling has a beautiful sky. At the same time he contrived to make numerous sketches in the park and grounds. Mr. Sandby’s brother residing in Wind- sor Great Park (of which he was deputy ranger,) shortly after he returned from Scotland, he went to live in that neigh- bourhood; and those who are ac- quainted with Mr. Sandby’s style, will see that at this time he fixed his prin- ciples, from studying in the park and forest. While residing at Windsor, he was noticed by the late Duke of Mon- tague, then governor of the castle, for whom he made many fine. drawings, views of the castle and adjacent park; and his Grace continued ever after to be his warm friend and patron. In the year 1768, he was appointed by the Marquis of Granby chief drawing- master in the Royal Military Academy, at Woolwich, which office he continued to hold during twenty-six years. Mr. Sandby was one of the original members of the Royal Academy. The artists about the year 1750, associated tos gether in a kind of academy, in St. Mar tin’s in vhe Fields; the year afterwards they formed a plan of exhibiting their works, and by that means in a great degree attracting public attention. In January, 1765, they were incorporated by a royal charter; and in 1768, his Majesty, in order to give dignity to the new esta- blishment, instituted a royal academy of painting, sculpture, and architecture. The principal artists with whom this scheme of procuring an annual exhibis tion originated, were Wilson, Heyman, West, Sandby, Stubbs, Chambers, Rey- nolds, &c. He was also a member of the Turk’s Head Club, composed of some of the most eminent artists of the day. ‘ Before the extraordinary merit of Ho~ garth { Wwihj garth was daly appreciated, Mr. Sandby, joined with his friend Churchill, in ris diculing bim.. Churchill and Wilkes were almost the only real characters which were attacked by the moral pencil of Hogarth, but, in. this instance Hogarth completely fariled.. Nothing could be “ more coarse than the abuse and satire employed by the two combatants; and the fuilure of Hogarth is more ‘extraor- dinary, as, at first, one should have been ied to suppose that, in proportion as his feelings were excited by personal animosity, so much the greater would have been the success of his exertions. It was, however, the contrary. Hogarth, appears as a real satirist, as 2 personal adversary; his performances were not worthy of the talents he employed, Be- “sides this, he had fallen into an error ‘common to many men of genius; he had mistaken’ his own powers, Con- ‘ceiving he had discovered the true line of beauty, he published his “¢ Ana- dysis, of Beauty,’ which was far from meeting the success, or producing the effect, he expected. It was then the opportunity for the adversaries of Hogarth, and the friends of Churchill, ‘to open upon him; and he was as- ‘sailed from several quarters in bur- lesque prints, satirising his system; and some of the ‘hest' of these were from Mr. Sandby, who, afterwards becom. ing better acquainted with the merit ‘ef Hogarth by the production of his -works, he was the first to express his “regret at having endeavoured in any “way to depreciate the merit of so ex- traordinary a genius; and every thing was done by Mr. Sandby to suppress his former publications; and no one could afterwards be more forward in expressing his unqualified admiration of this artist, with whom, indeed, he ~subsequently became acquainted. Mr, Sandby was honoured by. the in- timacy “of the late Mr. Charles Gre- ville, 80 well known as a collector and man of science; and through a come munication of Mr. Greville’s, Mr. S. ~ was enabled to make some ‘very ‘im- ‘portant discoveries in working on cop< “per, in a way which is now called aqua- 7 ta, : ‘ ‘ ~ )Upon Mrv Greville’s return from‘Italy, where he. bad purchased the secret of “Le Prince’s method, he made it’known oto Mr,'Sandby ; but it had been \so im. pertectly. communicated to Mr. Gre- ots Memoirs of the late Paul Sandby, esq. emile; thatimuch: research! and investiga. . mow q 438 tion remained for Mr. Sandby’s induse try, sand it was in the endeavour to complete a plate in Le Prince’s avethod, (by, sifting the rosin over the surface, &ze.) that he discovered a readier and more beautiful effect might be obtained: by bringing the rosin into solution, and floating it on copper, in which way he afterwards carried the-art to an aste- nishing degree of periection, as may be seen inthe.many fine works executed, by himwin- that manner. This) process for a long time was known to him/alones but witha liberality the more) praise- worthy fromeits rarity, he communicated his-discovery to Sukes, Robinson, Mak ton, and others, who have practised it with great success, Mr. George Alexander Stevens had conceived an idea of a lecture on wigs, and communicated it to his friend Mr. Sandly, who suggested the adding blocks to the wigs, which was accordingly done; and Mr.’S. wade the designs for the celebrated Lectwreon Heuds. © = It is the object of this memoir ‘to connect. with ita few remarks on the state of landscape-drawing, in this country. It has been remarked about that time, that, in a country like this, so profusely adorned with the beauties of nature, it was extraordinary that we should have produced so few good pain~ ters of landscape ; and that/as our poets warmed their imaginations’ with sunny hills and sighed after grottos, so our painters draw rocks, and castellatéd mountains, because Virgil gasped for breath at Naples, and Salvator-wandered amidst the Alps aud Apennines. That our own country affords subjects emi- nently suited to landscape-painting, no: one who views the fine productions of - our modern artists can doubt. But this is of any recent introduction; and tit may appear singular when it is Said, that the first person, who, by his works familiarized us with our own ‘scenery, died but the last 'ycar, But.such is the fact; for before the drawings of Mr. Sandby, I believe'there were few of any merit representing English scenery, and it» would: ‘have beén’ curious “through sucleaiman’ to have traced the art in its gradual, thougi: rapid, progress; as te had witnessed its dawn, ‘and -lived with unimpaired faculties vo enjoy its’ splen« dour; as no one (perhaps) had had more opportunities, (from his extensive ac- quaintance with all classes\of admirers, patrons, "and iprofessors, than» himtelf,) or \ 440 or could have better known their feel- ings and opinions, as they increased iu taste and. intelligence, with the vast ex- ertions of the artists to reach their pre- sent perfection. Tt should be observed that for many years after Mr, Sandby commenced Jand- scape-drawing, no colours were in general wse except such as were peculiarly adapted for the staining of maps and plans; and indeed it was himself who first set Mid- dleton the colour-maker fo prepare them in somewhat like their present state, and which are now brought to so great perfection by Reeves, Newman, and others. In viewing the works of Mr. Sandby it is hardly possible to trace any other than nature for his guide: he looked alone to her, and his style appears to have been compleatly formed in the three places where he had_ chiefly studied, Scotland, Wales, and Windsor. The Forest and Park of Windsor seem to have preponderated, and from the .studies made in those places that it is evident it early appeared to him, that the becoming a draughtsman was no easy matter of attainment; and whatever the force of genius may be, without the most accurate and faithful minuteness, it is impossible to arrive at real excellence; and accordingly his studies were prose- cuted with unremitting ardour. In his careful sketches and highly finished drawings, great precision is to be found in the outline, The foliage and ra- . mifications of the trees, the management of the perspective, in foreshortening the limbs as they advance or recede together with the fine feeling and exquisite taste with which the extremities are touched, As surprising; his pencil-sketches from Nature have seldom been seen but by his particular friends, by whom it has been admitted, that those of about forty years back, have not been exceeded by any one; and this all will allow to be no small admission, when it is considered who are now living. Outline was Mr. Sandby’s peculiar fort ; he drew with amazing facility. and the greatest correctness,whatever might be the subjéct, or however complicated its-parts. He sat down without the slightest embur- yessment, and drew buildings, figures, eattle, or landscape, with equal ease, and free from all trifling. . His Views of Windsor Castle shew a thorough know- _ ledge of perspective. When the works of this master are Memoirs of the lute Paul Sandby, esq. \ [June a | considered, it should be remembered, that all his endeavours were to give to his drawings a similar appearance to that seen it a camera-obscura, and when looked at with this impression, their beauty becomes very conspicuous; the truth in the reflected lights, the clearness in the shadows, the aérial tint and keep- ing in the distances, and skies, will be found to have been generally got up to reach the artist’s tention. As be never appears to have introduced, or depended at all upon, violent contrast. for effect, His drawings willever be esteemed by the judicious, for their portrait-like resem- blance to nature, and as_ bearing the minutest inspection. Residing in the country where Mr. Sandby studied, and having several Views in the neighbour- hood drawn by him, I have.enjoyed over and over again, the pleasure which my ride, or walk, had afforded me, upon coming home and seeing in my room so close a copy of every thing I wished to recollect in scenes | had just been con- templating. There is among them a drawing of the cottage in which 1 live, with many figures, and animals about it; and in which my own and other infant children, instantly recognize, and call by name all the persons, aud eyen the dogs and cattle. . Whoever has seen the exquisite draw- ings of Wilson, will také a lesson from that great man’s method (as well as from the similar one of Mr. Sandby) in the value of adhering tu fact in their imita- tion of nature; and yet it is to be la- mented, that there are some’ (not pro- fessional men though, thank God!) who, while they are presumptuously advancing strong claiins to connoisseurship, do great harm, by affecting to doubt its im- portance, and preter an undefined wild ramble-tumble, (on any thing else you please) of penciling, to a just represen- tation; which work they call bold, and sprited sketching; and aptly is it named, for bold must be the doers, bolder the admirers. : Not long before Mr. Sandby’s death, I repeated to him the remarks of a gen- tleman who had just. acquired a taste by commission, ‘ Aye, (said he) these gen- tlemen, when they attempt to fly their kites, little suspéct how soon you) dise cover the length of the string.” Few people hada more varied mode of execution, or possessed more knowledge respecting his art, than Mr. Sandby ; sume of his best works, 1 have always fue _ thought 1 1811.] thought to be his body-colour pictures, in the execution of which he was most eminently successful; and which are rendered more valuable trom the very few artists, who have encountered the laborious difficulty attending that scien- tific mode of painting, and met with any very considerable success. Towards the latter part of his life, he accustomed himself to paint in oil, in which he was also successful; the same faithfulness, clearness, and accuracy, and that appearance of day-light, is to be seen in a few oil pictures he left behind him. Mr. Sandby was a great admirer of the works of Marco Ricci, and studied them with fond attention; whenever one of Marco’s pictures was to be met with, Mr. Sandby, if possible, became its pur- chaser ; and, perhaps, he had the largest collection of that master extant in the country. _ With Wilson he lived in habits of great intimacy, and it is no little praise to him that he early discovered and advocated the genius of that great man; he possessed a prodigious number of the finest sketches and studies of Wilson, obtained from the artist himself. His love for the profes- Sion tempted him to collect, at a con- siderable expense; and, in the course of a great number of years, he had accu- mulated an immense quantity of the works of various masters, both ancient and modern. No man communicated with greater freedom, and with less reserve, than Mr. Sandby, any information he was possessed of; though Iam not aware that he ever » gave to the public any thing respecting his art: but, it is certain, there were few persons more perfectly skilled in the the- ory and practice of painting than him- self; and, as he never could be prevailed upon to take under his instruction any professional pupil but his son, itis to be presumed, that that yentleman is the repository of his discoveries and peculiar methods of working in his art. . In his domestic virtues he was excelled by few, and his private worth (the most ‘Monrury Mas, No, 218, Memoirs of the late Paul Sandby, esq. 441 certain of all testimonies) may be found in that confidence, respect, and attach. ment, which attended him through life; and, though latterly, amongst his surrounds ing friends, there must have been few with whom he began life, yet there were some, I remember with infinite pleasure, being one day about seven years ayo at his house, when the late ingenious Mr. Grignion, the engraver, came in, who, though then upwards of eighty years of age, had come from Kentish-Town, to visit his old friend; and, as the venerable gentlemens’ hands met, Mr. Grignion exclaimed, “ My dear Paul, Tam come to spend the day with you; for, by the memorandum on this scrap of paper, ‘it appears, that, on this day sixty years back, you and I first met; and though, my dear friend, our hands may be colder now than then, I am sure our hearts are hotter.” Those early impressions, formed by gentlemanly habits and feeling, which are never to be eradicated or mistaken, were very conspicuous in Mr. Sandby. There was a politeness and affability in his address, a sprightliness and vivacity in his conversation, together with a cons stant’ equanimity of temper, which, joined with his having beén the friend and companion of such men as Foote, Churchill, Garrick, Goldsmith, Macklin, and others of the same class, rendered his society and conversation singularly animating and interesting, Arrived at an age which few are permitted to attain, and spared almost all those infirmities which so generally accompany the accu~ mulated years of man, his vigour of mind abated not to the last. Till within a few days of his death, he continued to paint, and, during fourteen days only preceding thac event, he finished his largest work in ‘oil, which possesses equal spirit and truth, with any of his former productions in that way: when, at the conclusion of his eighty-fourth year, he left this world affectionately remembered and beloved by all who knew him, ; S.T. P. “8L SCARCE It is proposed in future to devote a ~f 442 9 SCARCE TRACTS, WITH EXTRACTS AND ANALYS SCARCE BOOKS. a few Pages of the Monthly Mugazine to the [June tj: Fusertion of such Scarce Tracts as are of an interesting Nature, with the Use of which we may be fuooured by our Correspondents; and under the same Head to introduce also the Analyses of Scarce and Curious Books. Sa { That wretched parasite, Sir Roger L’Estrange, ‘ published the following work to recommend himself to the office of Licenser of the Press, jn which he was the creature of the courts of Charles II. and James II. The pamph- Jet is in every respect a great curiosity, and, by shewing the sentiments of his party, on this subject, it ought to put the friends of \iberty on their guard, A. late vi- zier doubtless had this publication be- fore him, when, in the years 1793, 4, and 5, he laidso many restrictions on the press. At that time it was contrived to register presses, to compel printers to in- dorse what they printed, and to pass some ‘Jaws which imposed on libellers, under certain circumstances, the penalty of trans- ‘portation. L’Estrange’s work procured for its author, the appointment of licenser, and he played the sycophant till the revolu-~ tion. He wrote other works as contempt- ble’ for their bad taste, as this is for its principles. | Considerations und Proposals in Order to the Regulation of the Press: together mith Diverse Instances of Treasonous «nd Seditious Pamphlets, proving the necessity thereof. By Roger L’Estrange. London, printed by A. C. June 3, M.ve.txt. Lo ihe King’s Most Excellent Majesty. SIR, T is not without some force upon my- { self, that I have resolved upon this dedication: for I have no ambition to appear pragmatical, and to become the marque of a peevish faction: but, since my duty will haveit thus, I shall accompt all other interests as nothing in compe- tition with my allegiance. If your Majesty shall vouchsafe to look so far, and so low, as into the ensuing treatise, you will find it, Sir, to be partly a deliberative discourse about the means of regulating the press ; (the matter being at this instant under.publique debate) and in part, an extract of certain treasonous and seditious passages and _ positions which may serve to evince the necessity efthat regulation, ‘The latter of which, I do most humbly offer to your royal cons sideration, not presuming tn any sort, to concern your Majesty in the former. In this extract, is presented to your Majesties view; first, that spirit of hy- pocrisie, scandal, malice, errour, and il-. Jusion, that actuated the late rebellion. Secondly. A manifestation of the same spirit reigning still, and working, not only’ by the same means, but in very many of the same persons, and to the same’ends; that is, there is a combination, and de- sign against your sacred life, and dignity, ,which is carryed on by the same argu- ments, pretences, wayes, and instruments, that ruin’d your royal and_ blessed father. When, to sum up your abstract clear, You dot and carry on, a year! Which, if life’s ledger-book be true, Makes you exactly forty-two. Oh! may no checks this day invade, Nor drafts (save drafts of wine) be made; But bills on jollity to-night, Be honour’d and discharg’d at sight! And oh! if e’er misfortune’s tide Has plac’d you on the debtor-sidey May you now estimate a sum, Of tenfold happiness to come! And when the Paymaster of all The world’s great-muster-roll shall call, (Errors excepted, items past, ) : May your accounts prove right at last. EE LINES RECENTLY WRITTEN IN PRISONy ADDRESSED TO A COMPANION IN TROU- BLE, UNDER CIRCUMSTANCES OF PE- CULIAR HARDSHIP. GUFFERER! despair noty—-though thy prison here, Prompts the deep sigh, and bids the falling tear ! That ruthless torn from thy once cheerful home, Destruction dictates there, th’ unheeded moan, From wife and children—sorrowing in vain, Adrift are toss’d on life’s tempestuous main ! Though gloomy scenes of adverse fate em- ploy, ; Thy constant thoughts, without a gleam of joy! Though friends forsake thee, once esteem’d sincere, Whilst Fortune smil’d—for then, nor pining care, : §Nor poverty’s chill blast, nor Want’s pale face, Wor wretchedness had clieck’d thy prosp’rous ah race. Think not misfortune the sole mark of heaven, On crime in man, not otherwise forgiven ; Behold the just and good partake the rod, “And, taught by discipline, approach to God. Behold his favourite, the patriarch Job, Cast down from greatness to her sad abode 5 Mark him sustaining the severest pain, His virtues tried, a higher state regain, Piail! sacred touchstone of the world’s dee ceit ! By thee, th’ enchantment easily we break ; Resplendent Truth unveils a frantic world | And all its masquerade is now unfurl’d! ‘The hypocrite now siript of his-disguise, Nor flattery can avail, nor craft, nor lies. fnthy true mirror seen, how few there «re, “That stand the test 5 whose characters can bear hs Original Poetry. - The emanation of thy Light Divine, [June ly Nor sink in value as debased coin. ~ - How few there are, whom purity of love, Not selfish ends, bet truth alone, doth move To visit such distress, and wipe the tear, OF deepest sorrow from the cheek of care! See priests! professors ! they. whose high pres tence Would augur most of sympathy and sense, Avoid the famish’d debtor’s dismal home 5 Leave him unpitied, wounded, and alone! A prey to Avarice! whose malignant breathy Consigns to misery, and want, and death! “© Know then this truth, enough for man te know,” ££ Virtue a!one is happiness below.” Learn now thy errors, and thy weakness see, And shun the rocks which fatal prov’d to thee; : That e’en when blackest seem, the gathering storms Affliction teacheth, and the heart referms, Probationary is the state of man, Wisely ordain’d in the eternal plan, To fit us for the better world to come, And point our souls to their eternal homes __ To teach how vain are things of time and sense, ; Compared to our future recompence. My friend! learn this, that trust in man is vain, t Frustrates our hope, not mitigates our pain 5 Seek then his aid, by penitence and prayer, Who sees thy sorrows, and. relieves “thy care ; In thy own breast, the gr ignd thou’lt find, . To guide thy judgment, e ths mind. . THE FLY.—A SONNET. — Wit sa hum, the curious thirsty y Within the goblet’s gilded rim displays, His wings transparent to the shining rays, That here ailure: tho’ fearful yet and shy, The juice nectarious longing still to try, He buzzes round and round in giddy maze, Aud now the tempting beverage he es- And now drinks deep, nor thinks of dangar Thus, hele fly, of pleasure’s cup drink Since dhe short summer makes thy all of No sionipai waste on grief, or care, or Leave esi to mortals, who are born to weep! - Do thou enjoy the moments as they run, Bask in the morning ray, or noon-tide sun. PATENTS . 1$11.] I 451 J] PATENTS LATELY ENROLLED. 3 —=—— *.* Communications of Specifications and Accounts of New Patents, are earnestly solicited, und will always command early notice. MR. THOMAS POTT’s, (HACKNEY), for a new Process of Freeing Tarred Rope from Tar, and of rendering it of Use to the Manufacturer. YVHE process made use of for freeing A | tarred rope from tar, may be con- ducted in three different ways: first, by means of sulphate of alumine (common allum); secondly, by sulphate of alumine and fullers-earth; and thirdly, by fullers- earth alone. When sulphate of alumine is used, the rope isto be cut into prover Jengths and opened, and: boiled in water, in which is mixed five pounds of sulphate of alumine, to every cwt.of rope. When boiled an hour it is to be taken out and beaten, and the operation repeated. The rope is next to be bowled with a car- donate of lime, whitiny is the most pro- er. It is them to be cleaned and ~ bleached either on the grass or with oxy- muriatic acid. The operations are some- what similar when fullers-earth is used, or fullers-earth with alum; bat the pro- portions of the materials differ; for an account of which the reader is referred - to the specification. ya ae ; MR. JOHANN GEORGE DEYERLETIN’S, (LONG AacrzE), for a Machine, new Principle, or Method of making Bricks and Tiles, and other Kinds of Pottery. The machine consists of a box or other receptacle into which the clay is put, and also a plug, or forcing instrument, by means of which the said clay is forced enwards during the work, so as to urge the same through one or more suitable openings or orifices, which give the figure ev form; and also certain mill-work for giving motion and effect to the plug or forcing “instrument, and also a fit car- riage for receiving and conveying away the bricks or other products of art; and if need be another carriage for supporting and conveying the combinéd or united parts during the time of working, or from place to place. The use and applica- “tion of the machinery ‘are shewn in drawings attached tv the specification, and the necessary eaplanations given in it. By these it appears that by what the patentce calls every home and out stroke af this machine, fifty-six bricks will be finished; or if the power of the first mover is increased either by addi- onal men or otlcrwise, the barrew may be made as long again, and the mae chine increased to double the size; by which means about four times that num- ber of bricks may be produced in about the same time, and so in proportion to the first mover, the product of the mas chine will be more or less, The mode of making tiles is described with preci- sion, and it appears that the operation in all instances depends upon what is des nominated a mouth piece, which is screwed to the box by a flanch, having in it suitable openings or orifices therein. Thus there are different mouth-pieces for making mouldings to ornament build. ings, and channels to convey water; and itis plain that whatever shape the hole is made into, the sanie furin will be ob- tained by the clay pressed through it, which is received on bandages over rol- lers, to the length required, and then cut off even at each end by the separator, Tubes and pipes are made in round or square boxes, or receptacles of wood or cast iron, The piston should fit nearly tight, and be supported, or side-steadied, when lifted above the round or square , box or receptacle,.in order that it may be filled. Tubes of all kinds and dee scriptions, whatever be their shape, may be thus readily made. : ST MR. PETER STUART'S, (FLEET-STREET), Sor a new Method of Engraving and Printing Maps, Sc. This method is for the purpose of come bining the arts of enyraving and letter press priating, so as to produce dispatch and economy of the latter, with the ef= fect of veneral utility. The printing maps, figures, &c. for books, magazines, newspapers, &c. consists, in the first place, in reversing the ordinary or com- mon way of printing or representing such figure or figures; that is to’ say, where the usual mode of printing or engraving the figures now described has hitherte been by a black upoa a white ground of surface, the new method is by intros ducing the contrary effect, viz, by a white upoa a black ground or surface. In other words, as the usual way of printing or representing in maps, for’ iustance, the rivers, towns, fortifieations, letters, or words, &c. &c. has been by black upon white, the new method js by producing a contrary ¢ffect, by leaving whe - ———~——-” 452 the tints, lines, or figures, alluded to, white instead of black; so that where jn the common way the paper is covered with black or coloured ink, the new me- thod is to leave it uncovered, and vice versa: or instead of producing dark- figures on a light ground, to produce light Ggures on a dark ground or surface, or on a ground darker at least than the figures themselves. In the second place, instead of representing all figures by black tints or lines, or black figures, as now commonly represented on a white ground or surface. Mr. S. can adopt any other coloured ground or surface, taking care always to produce the advan- tageous combinations of the two arts of engraving and letter-press printing, that Is to say, the dispatch and economy of the latter with the effect and general utility of the former, ‘* a combination,” says he, ‘* hitherto wished for in vain, and from which, it may be obvious, very essential results will arise both to the artists and to traders in the arts, and, in ‘fact, to the public, that will no doubt be actuated by interest to encourage a new invention, which may afford an ex- traordinary gratification by a speedier mode of intelligence, through a cheaper medium.” The engravings of the figures may be cut or stamped on plates of brass, cop- per, tin, pewter, type-metal, or wood, or any other substance on which engrav~ Ings can be made; and, for the better adapting, the ground or surface of the plate, or for the better rendering the ground or surface fitin all its parts for the proper reception and adhesion of that kind of ink used by letter-press printers, so as to produce a clear and an equal impression on all its parts at ence, he causes dots or lines to be cut, marked, or stamped, or drawn across the ground or surface of the metallic plates, or other substauce; or corrodes it with aquafortis, so as to produce a sufficient degree of roughnessfor the adhesion of the particular ink” now mentioned ; leaving the figures or subject of the plate orengraving, untouched by such, dots or tines. The part of the surface which is not engraved upon, instead of being made Patents lately Enrolled. [June 1, as smooth as possible, as in copper-plate engravings, ought to be made sufficiently rough, either by mechanical or chemical means, so as to make the ink, applied by * the letter-press printer’s balls, adhere in a way nearly equal, or in such quantity or proportion as is wanted or intended, The last preparatory process of the plate for the letter-press, previously to its being printed as described, is by fixing it on a wooden block ; or by grooving it on a brass or other metallic standard; or by fixing it on a clay or earthen substance or cement; taking care that the whole body thus formed shall not be higher or lower than the types commonly used at the Jetter-press; and also taking care, that it be calculated in every degree to be embodied as‘it were with the letter- press printer’s form or types, so as to produce, by the very same operation of the letter-press, the impression of hoth the plate and the types at one and the same time, or by one and the same pul of the letter-press_ printer, and on the very same sheet or piece of paper. Or the plate or plates thus prepared, may, if on particular occasions deemed more expedient, be worked, off alone at the letter-press, so as to produce the in-= tended effect of engraving with the faci+ lity and dispatch of multiplying copies agreeably to the nature or principle of operation peculiar to the letter-press, “ Tis by the means now desepibed o7 specified,” says Mr. Stuart, ** combine, or unite, for maps, charts, music, anato- mical figures, or any figures or repre- sentations of the human body, or for all or any of the other figures already men tioned, performed in my manner, the se~ parate arts of the.copper-plate engraver and the letter-press printer, by engraving as engravers usually do, and by printing as printers usually do; thereby render~ ing, by the application of these united arts in the printing of books, magazines, newspapers, periodical publications which require dispatch, a very great saving or abridgment of time, labour, and expence, in the exercise of both arts, and conse- quently a very great convenience ang advantage to the public at lange.” NEW 1811.) { 453 ) NEW PUBLICATIONS IN MAY. 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EW discoveries in modern times have so powerfully excited the at- tention of the scientific world, as that of the metallic nature of potass, soda, and ammonia; though this discovery has not~ hitherto been attended with any benefi- cial practical application. It can how- ever scarcely be doubted, that a more perfect acquaintance with the nature of metallic bodies, must be followed by im- proved processes in the modes of smelt- ang the ores, and in the various arts of metallurgy. Potassium, or the metal of potass, has lately been procured in larger quantities, by heating iron fileings and potass together in a gun barrel, or iron retort coated with clay. The colour of potassium resembles that of tin, it is ea- sily cut with a knife, and solders with it- self at the common temperature of the atmosphere. Its most remarkable quali- ties are its levity and combustibility. It is considerably lighter than water; if the weight of a given quantity of water were 10 oz. that of the same quantity of pot- assium would be only 7 oz. it is the lightest knowa solid substance. Wher it comes in contact with water, it imme- diately inflames with great violence, de- composing the water and absorbing its oxygen. It will burn with intense heat and vivid light under the surface of wa- ter, and will probably be found the most powerful agent in destructive naval war- fare, that has ever heen employed. The properties of sodium are nearly similar to those of potassium; except that when pure it does not inflame with water, but moves in @ rapid manner along its sur- face, decomposing it, and absorbing the oxygen. Potass, or the vegetable alkali, im the purest state in which it is obtained by chemical means, retains 17 per cwt. of water, even after being kept in a red heat for several hours; it is properly an hydralt of potass. When potassium is burned in oxygen gas, it forms a sub- ptance containing more oxygen than pote ass, and is free from water; it is hard aud abagst infusible; but when it has wu! parted with some-of its oxygen and aes quired a portion of water, it has all the properties of potass. Ammonia has only been procured as a metallic amalgam, united with mercury, or sodium. The manner of procuring it is, by placing a globule of mercury in a small cavity, made in a piece of muriat of ammonia, (sal ammonia) one wire from a voltaig battery is connected with the mercury, the other with the muriat of ammonia’ the globe of mercury is increased in size, loses its fluidity, and becomes a solid me- tallic amalgam. The discovery of the metallic nature of the alkalies, potass, and ammonia, has been followed by the discovery, that‘ath the earths are also metals united with oxygen. These earths are silex, clay, lime, magnesia, barytes, strontian, and the newly discovered earths, zucon, uriay and glucine. Lavoisier in his: elements states his opinion that barytes, and some if not all the earths were metallic oxyds, but this opinion was not supported by any proof; and the experiments of Tondi, who ase serted that he had procured globes of metal from barytes, lime, and magnesia, have generally been regarded as incone clusive, but perhaps they have not been properly investigated.* By means of the Voltaic battery, Dr. Davy procured very small globules of metal from all the earths, but they explode almost imme. diately after their-formation, and absorb oxygen from the water, which is used to make the earths into a paste to be acted upon by the Voltaic battery in these exe periments, Potassium, or the metal from potass, has the strongest athnity for oxy- gen of all known substances; when it is combined with the earths, and acted upon by the Voltaic battery, a larger globe of metal may be obtained from them. The attempt to decompose the earths by ignition with iron and charcoal PR ESSE Cah CAG ie AE SID iate ada ies * Vide Mr. Kerr’s note in the 3d edition of his Translation of Lavoisicr’s Elements, p. 420, had 458 had not succeeded in this country. The metallic nature of the earths will probably explain many facts in metallurgy and also in the natural history of our planet. In seducing metals from. their ores, some ef the earths are made use of as fluxes, and may probably affect the quality of the metals by uniting with them in a me- tallic state.* In the proces: of making malleable iron from cast iron, after heat- ing it for a long time, it is violently ham- mered, which separates from it a brittle ynetallic substance; this Dr. Davy said was the metal of silex combined with irdn ; but we were not informed by what means this fact had been ascertained, To the union of silex with iron, Dr, Davy ascribed the hardness and brittle- ness of castiron. There is a particular kind of steel manufactured in the East, which is so hard as to cut glass; some of this steel has been analysed, and is found to contain silex; hut whether in a me- tallic state, or the earth of silex, Dr. Davy did not mention, The earths be- ing metallic oxyds at the surface of the globe, is no proof that they may not exist in the metallic state in the interior ef our planet; and the experiments of Dr. Mackelyne on the density of the earth, agree very well with the supposi- tions Ibe whole globe is about four and one balf times as weighty as an equal bulk of water would be, and this is nearly the mean weight of all the metals. Were we to admit this supposition, Dr. Davy said, it would not be difficult to explain how volcanoes and earthquakes were produced. If a current of water should by any means find a passage and come in contact with any of the metals of the alkalies, or earths, they would in- stantly decompose the water, and absorb the oxygen; violent inflammation and explosions would take place, the metals united with oxygen would be thrown to the surface in the form of lava, earth, and mud. An experiment, giving a mi- niature representation of these effects was exhibited, in which potassium, lime, and iron were placed in the model of a mountain made of clay. On water being poured into a cavity or fessure in ‘the mountain, a violent combustion ensued, attended with vivid flames, and the erup+ tion of lava which run down the sides of the miniature volcano. In this manner also, we may conceive new continents to he raised according to some general law FSR RAT BO WET STA TEER eS * This cpinion we find was advanced by Baron Bern before the year i726. Proceedings of Learned Socicties. [June I, of nature, when the present mountains and continents are worn down and wash- ed into the sea. In the course of these lectures, Dr. Davy again adverted to the meteoric ‘stones which had fallen from the atmosphere. ~'These he supposed might he small bodies revolving round other planets, which came in contact with our atmosphere. The earths they contained, he said, probably existed in 2 metallic state, and were inflamed and exploded by the oxygen or moisture which they met with in traversing the higher regions of the air. Of all the hy- potheses which have been formed to ac- count for these stones, we confess this appears the least probable. The prin- cipal] objection that was offered to these stones being formed by the explosion of inflamble gas, in which the metals were dissolved, was, that to form a stone of equal size and weight with the one which fell on Captain Topham’s estate in Yorke shire, would require 1000 cubic miles of gas. This objection does not appear to us of much weight. One thousand cubie miles of gas, if collected, would fill a sphere of rather more than twelve and one half miles in diameter, or a cube of ten miles. The meteor which passed over Europe én 1783, was stated to be 56 miles above the earth, and to have a di- ameter and luminous tail 6 miles in ex- tent. If we suppose this inflammable metallic gas was extended in a stratum over all the countries where it was seen to ex- plode, the quantity of yas existing over any one place at the same time, would not be very great, compared with the space occupied by a stratum of clouds. The stones which have fallen in different parts of the world, are all composed of the same substances. Several of these stones were exhibited, That which fell in Yerkshire weighed 56lbs. those from France, America, and Ireland, were smaller, They were all coated with a black incrustation, when this was brokéw off the interior of the stones is of a light yellowish brown colour. They all con- tain silex and magnesia, with metallic particlés of iron and nickel, and some ins terspersed particles of iron pyrites. Se- veral specimens of meteoric iron were also exhibited; these contain iron and nickel, in combination; the nickel giving to the iron a degree of hardness which makes it very difficult to work. The nu- merous and well attested instances of the fall of these stones, which have oc- curred in our own times, leave no ee o¢ 1811.) _* for doubting the trath of many narrations of antient historians, of stones which have fallen in Greece, and different parts of the world. The melcine stones are all of a similar kind, and contain a com- bination of earths and metals which is found in no other stones; the internal evidence from this similarity of composi- tion, in all these substances which have fallen in Europe, in Asia, and America, is perhaps the most satisfactory that eould be required with respect to their iueteoric production, Great weight, or specific gravity, has been hitherto considered as one of the characteristic properties of metals; but this Dr. Davy observed would not apply to some of the newly discovered metals. Calicum, or the metal from lime; and barium, the metal fram barytes, are, like sodium and potassium, lighter than water. The combustion of manganeée in its me- tallic state, and the metals tellurium, co- balt, and nickel, was effected by_ placing them on a piece of ignited charcoal, and passing over them a stream of oxygen gas; being the first time these experi- ments had been exhibited. ‘Tellurium burns with a blue flame, and rises in a dense smoke. Cobalt nickel and man- ganese burn like iron, throwing out vivid sparks, _ The acid, known by the name: of oxy- muriatic acid, and so important in the process of bleaching, has been stated by Lavoisier and the French chemists to be a compound of muriatic and oxygen ; but Dr. Davy asserts that it is a simple sub- stance suz generis, not containing oxy- gen, but possessing of itself an acidifying principle when combined with an inflam- mable basis. Muriatic acid is, according to Dr. Davy, a compound of this prin- ciple with hydrogen, Some of the expe- riments exhibited in support of this opi- nion are the following: Perfectly. dry oxymuriatic acid gas and hydrogen gas were burned together without any water being produced, which must have been the case had this gas contained oxygen. The result of this combination is muri- atic acid pnly, Phosphorus, and other inflammable substances, burned .in_ this , yield results very different from come rr caip with oxygen, When the alka. Mowtury Mag. No, 218, qh ti Proceedings of Learned Societies. 457 lies are heated in this gas, they form what are called muriats. ‘The oxygen of the alkalies is given out, According to Dr. Davy, muriat of soda, or common salt, is a more simple substance than what is called puresoda; for the muriat of soda is the metal of soda, united with what is improperly called oxy-muriatic gas, but soda contains the metal united with oxygen and water. If this opinion were true, the class of muriats would"be excluded from chemical compourds: but we confess we cannot seé any reason why muriatic acid, whatever he its con- stituent parts, should not be as capable of uniting with the alkalies to form a salt as nitric and other acids. Many eminent chemists are still unwilling to admit Dr. _Davy’s conclusions respecting oxymuria- tic acid, or what he now calls chlorine, from its yellow, colour; and the. question. respecting its constituent parts may still be considered. as sub judice, Dr. Davy hag discovered a new gas, which is formed by the union of oxymuriatic or chlorine gas with oxygen, their affinity for each other is weak. When a stream of nitrous gass is passed into this compound gas, it unites with the oxygen, and forms nittous acid, leaving the chlorine gas unaltered in its properties, The effect of oxymurjatic acid in bleaching he explained by the ainity of this gas for the hydrogen of water, forming with it muriatic acid, which acted on the vegetable fibre; the oxygen of the water acting at the same time on the colouring matter. ‘The corrosive effects of muriatic acid during this process are lessened if the oxymuriat of lime be used, The oxymuriat of potass is the least pre- judicial, but its price will prevent its ap- plication to the purpose of bleaching. Dr. Davy stated, he had found that the oxymuriat of magnesia may be used with great advantage; though its bleaching property is not so rapid in its operations, it is much less injurious than oxymunat of lime, which is commonly used. The oxymuriat of magnesia will serve re- peatedly for the same purpose. If heat be applied to it after it has been used, the hydrogen is expelled, and it is’ ree stored to its former state, 3N VARIETIES YRA hae’. preg) \ Unie \ [June ly VARIETIES, Lirerary awd PuriosoParcat. ; Including Notices of Works in Hand, Domestic and Foreign. #.% Authentic Communications for this Article will always be thankfully recet ved, ee WMHOSE who are acquainted with Dr. §’ Woxcor, the father.of living poets, ave sensible that his lamp of genius still burns with a steady flame, apd that his well-known’ powers of social converse eeenye diminished by increase of bodily, infirMity, As a public proof of the truth, of these observations, the venerable bard has just given notice of his intention to publish very shortly, the Rival Minstrel,. or the Challenge to Walter Scott, Min- strel of the North, from Paul Pendragon,- Minstrel of the West: edited by P. Pindar, esq. with the following epi- graph: “¢Incipe, parve puer, si vis contendere mecum.” , *¢ But Scotia shall not be our judge 5 When thou would’st bear the bell: Who, with the devil would go to law, And try the cause in hell?” Mr. Adam Buck, an artist, whose productions have for several years past interested and gratified the public, has issued proposals for publishing by sub- scription, one hundred engravings from Greek Vases, that have never been pub- lished, drawn and etched by himself, fiom private collectians now in England. Ti is to agree in size with those of Sir William Hamilton, edited by d’Hancar- ville and Tischbein, so that it may either be considered as a book. complete in itself, or forming a supplement to the other two works. It will contain various specimens of the forms of Vases; a description of ‘the mannet in which they have been dis- covered, and a brief account of the opi- nions of the best authorities concerning them; and, te render it as complete as_ possible, two of the plates will exhibit fac-similes. It is to be delivered in numbers of about ten plates each, as soon as they can be got ready, and completed inythe course of one year, if possible. The price to be six guineas, half to be paid on subscribing, for which an accountable receipt will be given, and the remainder on delivery of the last number. The drawings may be seen at Mr. Buck’s, 19, Frith-street, Soho. Lucien Buonaparte is said to have nearly completed an Epic Poem, of con- siderable length, in twenty-four captos, jatituled “ Charlemagne; or, Rome De- livered”’ Its composition, and the pros secution of the various studies connected with it, have formed the chief occupation of the author during the seven. years which have clapsed since he reured from public life. Mr. Lawnrenck is preparing to publish, a work, under the title of, The British Barmer’s Magazine, or, New Annals, of Agriculture, intended to embrace every species of useful information... In June will be published, with a por trait of the author, and other engravings, in two volumes, the remains of Joseph Blacket: consisting of Sketches of ori= ginal Dramas, Poems, including. the Times, an Ode, and Memoirs of his. Life; by Mr. Pratt. Oft before his infant eyes would run Such forms, as glitter in the Muse’s ray, “With orient hues, unborrow’d of the sun. Gray. Mr. James P. Tupper, member of the Royal College of Surgeons, and fellow of the Linnzan Society, has in’ the press a work .to be entitled, an Essay on the Probability of Sensation in Vegetables, with Additional Observations on Instinct, Sensation, and Irritability. ‘ Honiton Hill, a Descriptive Poem, by the Rev. W. T. Tucker, A.M. rector’ of Wedworthy, Devon, will be speedily sent to the press; but, as no many more copies are intended to be printed than’ may be engaged for, early application must be made to Mr. Bagster, bookseller, Strand: His Majesty’s Commissioners of Public’ Records have, under the authority df the Lords Commissioners of the Treasury,’ appointed such copies of the following works, printed under their direction, as are not appropriated to: public uses, to be sold :—Calendarium Rotvlorum Pa- tentium.—Taxatio Eeclesiastica P. Nis cholai.—Catalogue of Cottonian Manu. scripts—Calendar. Rotulorum Char- tarum.—Rotulorum Originalium Abbre-— viatio, 2 vols.—Calendarium Inquisiti+ onum post Mortem, 2 vols.—-Testa de Nevill.—Nonaruin Inquisitiones.—Valor Ecclesiasticus, vol. 1. The bishop of Sr.. Davip’s has in the, press, an edition of Chrysostom De Sacer- ~ dotio, 7 ————— -« five yolumes, octavo, is in the press. A8ll.y - Gotio, in Greek and Latin, with an in- _ troduction on the Importance and, Dig- nity of the Pastoral Office. __. Somerset, a Poem, by F. Wezs, esq. _-will soon be published.” ' - A-worly intituled, Despotism,; or, the . Fall of the Jesuits, may speedily be.ex- . pected. Wi ‘ «.. Travels jn Iceland, in the year 1810, _goutaining Observations. made in, that , Asland, during last summer, by Sir Grorce Mackenzie, bart. Mr. Hortano, and. Mr, Betgur ; with an introductory, chap- t * . ter on the general history of Iceland, are_ . In the press. _ Mr. Peck, of Bawtry, hasin the press, _ ®. system of Veterinary..Medicine and _ Therapeutics, onscientific principles, in . two.octayo volumes, with plates. _. . Anew edition of Brotier’s Tacitus, in It ~ will combine the advantages of the Paris - and Edinburgh editions, with a selection of notes from all the Commentators of _.Tacitus,. subsequent to the Edinburgh edition, The Notitia Litteraria . et Politica, will also be added... Many va- _ Tuable notes, by Professor Porson, will be _ interspersed; the French passages will be translated, and the Roman, money turned into English, , _._ Dr. Crorcu has nearly ready for pub- ~ Hieation, Elements of Musical Compo- ‘sition, or Rules for writing and playing _ Thorough Bass, The subject of the Seatonian Prize _ Poem, for Students belonging to the _ University of Cambridge, for the present year is, The Sufferings of the Primitive * Martyrs. ; _ Mr. J.B. Dseprrnc’s work, written ex- _ pressly for youth, and entitled, Evening _ Entertainments, or Delineations of the Manners and Customs of various Na- tions, interspersed with. geographical notices, historical and biographical anec- dotes, and descriptions of subjects in natural history, is just ready for publi- _ cation, in two 12mo. voluines. « __ Asecond and improved edition of the _. Rev. Dr. Canpenrer’s Defence of Uni- tarianism, in answer to Mr. Vesie, is just _ ready for publication. | : > Dr. Adams will commence a course of lectures on the institutes and practice of _ medicine, about the beginning of June: To assist those who are unacquainted with the doctrines of Mr. Hunter, a Syl- Jabus is preparing, and is already in the _ press. x, ; Messrs, Suiru and Son, of Glasgow, _ Literary and Philosophical Intelligence. x 459 will publish early in June, a Catalogue of . books, including many articles highly in- teresting. for their extreme rarity and fine condition. { Mr, Suart, authorof the Grammar of English Pronunciation, will publish in a few days, the. Rudiments of English Grammar elucidated, or a Guide to Par- sing ; containing a view of grammatical distinction upon rational principles, cal- culated’ for learners of the different classes; the arrangement corresponding with Mr. Murray’s Grammar. Some French physicians have reviewed in the Annale des Chimie, our Reports on the. Watcneren Fever; and they justly express their astonishment, thar, although so large a premium was given to Dr. Smiru for ‘his fumigatiig expe. riments, yet no mention is made of the use of fumigation to, check that fatally contagious disease. Surely so. gross a neglect deseryes an especial investigation of parliament. Our Reports relative to Dr. Davy’s chemical lectyres shew, that students in chemistry have to unlearn much that they have received as authority in that science. It may be hoped, therefore, that we shall have no other voluminous vsystem of this variable science, ill its elementary, principles are somewhat bet- ter-settled. The Board of Curators of the Royal College of Surgeons, have just awarded the Jacksonian prize, and an extraordi- ‘nary premium of 101. to Mr. J. S. Sopen, of Coventry, and to Mr. James Gituman, of Highgate, both members of that col- lege;. for two dissertations on tie bite of a rabid. animal, from the consideration , that the two dissertations are highly me-~ ritorious productions, and equally worthy of. the Jacksonian prize. An excellent p!an has been formed by ~Mr. Josepn Day; of Macclesfield, for the purpose of improving the mode of registering baptisms, marriages, and deaths, and facilitating the legal proof of the particulars connected with the par- ties to whom they refer. He proposes, “that in the case of baptisms, the trade or profession of the father, when and where the parents were born and married, should be inserted in the register. With respect ‘to marriages also, the trade or profession of the husband, and when and where the parties were born; and, in the “se of burials, the trade or profession of the deceased, whether married or une married, and when and where born, (if / b * 460 it can be aseertained), It is further proposed, that the officiating minister in every parish in England and Wales, shall send on the first Monday in every month, or oftener if required, to a re- gistrar to be appointed for the purpose (baving an office in London) separate lists of baptisms, marriages, and burials solem- ‘nized in his parish during the preceding month, The registrar in London to make out alphabetical lists of the whole, for the purposes of general reference. The diffi- culties that have frequently been felt in proving pedigrees, which have often pro- duced the most injurious effects to par- ties claiming property, and always greatly enhance the expence of Jegal proceedings in such cases, must at once tend to shew the vast utility of such a plan, which there is little doubt will, ere long, be earried into practice. The following statement contains one of the most decisive proofs of the utility of vaccination, which lias been submitted ~ to the public... The first column contains the year—the second, the number who have died of the small-pox in the city of Glasgow—the third, the whole number of deaths in the city—the fourth, the num- ber of deaths in the city and suburbs, First. 7 Second. Third. Fourth. 1792 403 1508 1912 1793 154 1356 2190 1794 278 1365 2445 1795 132 987 1700 1796 265 1527 2997 1797 154 961 1813 1798 $52", 1125 2064 1799 179 1025 2181 18@0 . 224 1279 2499 180f-" 159 935 2096 1802 107 825 1928 1803 91 1158 2438 1804 123 1011 227294 1805 2t 968 2389 1806 15 939 2280 1807 48 1102 2465 1808 14 1446 3265 1809 54, a 2368 1810 93 1141 2367 The Earl of Carlisle has recently pur- chasedvall Mr. Tresnam’s fine collection of Etruscan Vases, &c. and all the ori- ginal drawings by that ingenious artist. This ourchase, by desire of Mr. Tresham, was made in the form of an annuity for hig life; and the noble Lord, it seems, introduced one clause in the covenant, which is perfectly in unison with his li- beral and munificent character, viz. that Mr. Tresham shall agree to pass a month, or as much longer as he pleases, every summer at Castle Howard. of, A reel, intended for’ the use of mille spinners, has been invented by a manus Literary and Philosophical Intelligence. . [Juné 1, facturer in Montrose, so constructed tliat it will not move after a thread breaks, which will entirely preyent the false tell, so much Contplstual ofin mill-spun yarn, © A model, upon a sinall scale, is at pre- sent inthe possession of the inventor, and is acknowledged by all who have seen it, to be both simple and perfect ; and, however careless servants may be,- it will be impossible for them, without an intended fraud, to make bad work; and more can be done with the new reel, than by the present mode of reeling. The proprietors of the National Ins stitution at the Pantheon, have added to that establishment an Apollonian Mu~ seum, intended to be not only a depo- sitory for the approved compositions already published, but a source also whence every man of genius, whether an author, an inventor, or a manufacturer, may exhibit his works to the world under circumstances of benefit to himself, which the present system does not afford. He may also exhibit notices of new or re- vived publications.in the Museum, three months from the time they are printed. One course of lectures in the year will comprise a review of all musical publi- cations, new and revived; and also all newly invented musical instruments, as well as a retrospect of manuscript com- positions, This mode is adapted to bring forward genius, it being. evident that few, except those who are at the head of the profession, or who are the favourites of instrumental performers and singers, have an opportunity of getting a piece publicly exhibited. It is intended that this branch of the National Insti- tution shall be placed’ under the imme- diate direction of Dr. Kemp, who will not only become the responsible con- ductor of the musical establishment, but so arrange a regular series of lectures on musical subjects, as to render his exer- tions a constant means of instruction and amusement to the lovers of the art. Mr. Satt, deputed by the British go- vernment on a mission to Abyssinia, has returned to England, He left this coun- try in March, 1809, touched at Madeira, and the Cape, where Admiral Bertie afforded him convoy to Mosambique,. From Mosambique, he proceeded to Adeen, where he visited the Sultan, and then through the streights to Mocha» Here he made preparations for prose- cuting the objects of his mission. In December he crossed over to the oppo- site coast, where, a new port being dis- covered on this occasion at Amphyla, he endeavoured, and, at length with great 1811.] difficulty, succeeded, in gaining a com. munication with the Ras Willed Selasse, the viceroy of Tigré. He concerted mea- sures with the Ras to meet his people at Massowah, where-he arrived in February, and found the chieftain Debile, and Pearce, an Englishman, who had been ‘left in Abyssinia with a view of acquiring the native languages. Mr. Salt soon ‘after set out for Antalow, where he ar- rived after a month’s journey ; the chief ‘difficulty attending which was, the con- veyance of two curricle guns through so mountainous a country. At Antalow, Mr. Salt found the Ras, with whom he continued till May, when, having suc- ceeded in the principal objects of his mission, he returned to the sea-coast, visiting Axum in his way, and reached Mocha in the early part of June. FRANCE. The following decree, levelled at the principal articles of colonial produce, and dated Palace of the Thuilleries, March 25, 1811, has been issued by Bonaparte :-— Upon the report of the commission ap- pointed to examine the means proper to naturalize on the continent of our empire sugar, indigo, cotton, and divers other productions of the two In- dies. Upon the presentation made to us of a considerable quantity of beet root sugar refined, crystallized, and possessing all the qualities and properties of cane sugar. Upon the presentation also made to us at the Council of Commerce, of a great quantity of indigo extracted from woad, which our southern departments produce in abundance, and which indigo possesses all the properties of the indigo of the twoIndies, Having reason to expect that, by means of these two important dis- coveries, our empire will shortly be relieved from a drain of one hundred millions, hitherto necessary for supplying the con- sumption of sugar and indigo ; we have decreed and decree as follows: 1. Plan- tations of beet root proper for the fabri- cation of sugar shall be formed in our empire to the extent of 32,000 hectares, 2. Our minister of the interior shall dis. tribute the 32,000 hectares among the départments of our empire, taking into consideration those departments where the culture of tobaccomay be established, and those which, from the nature of the soil, may be more favourable to the cul- ture of the beet root. 38. Oar prefects shall take measures that the number of hectares allotted to their respective de- partments, sball be in full cultivation this year, or next at the latest. 4. A egrtain number of hectares shall be laid Literary and Philosophical Intelligence. 401 out in our empire, in plantations of woad proper for the fabrication of indigo, and in proportion to the quantity necessary for our manufactures. 5. Our minister of the interior shall distribute the above number among the departments of the empire, taking into particular consider- ation the departments beyond the Alps, and those of the south, where this branch of cultivation formerly made great pro- gress. 6. Our prefects shall take mea- sures that the quantity of lrectares allotted to their departments shal] be in full cul- tivation next year at tie latest. 7. The cominission shall, before the 4th of May, fix upon the places most convenient for the establishment of six experimental schools for giving instruction in the ma. nufacture of beet-root sugar, conforms: ably to the process of the chemists, 8. The commission shall also by the same period fix upon the piaces most conves~ nient for the establishment of four ex perimental sclwools for giving instruction. as to the extraction of indigo from woad, according to the processes approved by ~ the cominittee. 9. Our minister of the interior shall make known to the pres fects in what places these schools shalt be formed, and to which the pupils des- tined for this manufacture should be sent, The proprietors and farmers who may wish to attend the course of lectures ia the experimental schools shall be ad= mitted. 10. Messrs. Barruel and Isq nard, who have brought to perfection the processes for extracting sugar from beet. root, shall be especially charged with the direction of two of the six ‘experi mental schools. 11. Our minister of the interior shall, in consequence, direct the sum necessary for the formation of the said establishments to be paid to them; which sum shall be charged upon - the fund of one millien, placed in the budget of the year 1814, at the disposal of the said minister for the encourage. ment of the manulacture of beet-root su- gar, and woad indigo. 12. From the tst of January, 1813, and upon ihe report to be made by our minister of the interior, the sugar and indigo of the two Indies, shali be prohibited, and be considered a merchandize of English manufacture, or proceeding from English commerce, The following simple method has been’ discovered for detecting the falsification of Spanish wines, whicl? is said to ex~ tend to the greater part of those con- sumed at Paris. Take a vial containing four or five spoonfuls, fill it with the wine to be examined, then, stopping the mouth of the vial by placing the thumb a Pi ‘tightly on it, plunge it into a bason of water, while thus immersed withdraw ‘the thumb; if the wine is falsified, the honey which enters into the composiuon will sink to the bottom of the vial. When ‘the precipitation has ceased, replace the thumb on the mouth of the vial, and bring dtup. The liquor deprived of its honey generally proves to be some meagre wine, but is often nothing more than water which had held the honey in solu- ition. : | ITALY. Bonaparte has settled an annual pen- sion of 3000 francs upon the celebrated . “printer Bodoni, of Parma: and has en- {joined the minister of the interior to give him directions for printing a superb - edition of Homer’s Odyssey, intended as 2 companion to the Lhad. AUSTRIA, The Arcupuke Joun has discovered in ‘Upper Styria, a mine of chrome, a wery rare metal, and extremely useful for colouring porcelain. An unknown benefactor who has lately ‘bestowed many charitable donations, bas Jately sent to Count Sarau, governor of Vienna, the sum of fifty thousand florins, Monthily Retrospect of the Fine Arts. [J u ne 1, to defray the expence. of enlarging the building belonging to:the institution for the reception of the blind. EAST IN DPES. +i 98 A letter from Berampore, dated May (22d, 1810, communicates ‘the following singular occurrence, which took .place there a few days before. ‘ The water in our tank,” says the wiiter, ¢¢ which I have known these thirty-four years, sud= denly changed to a dark green colour, and an immense quantity. of fish, many of them weighing from. ten, to eighteen seers, floated dead on the surface. Seine few were taken out:by the ‘natives and carried away; the remainder were trans- ported by hackey wads and buried, or applied to the purpose of manure, ‘This strange occurrence is attributed by most people to the recent earthquake which was felt’at Calcutta. ‘ NEW IOLLAND. A safe and commodious harbour has been lately discovered about seventy miles north west of Kangaroo Island, on the.west coast of New Holland, It is represented as capable, of containing and completely sheltering any number of ships of the largest size. MONTHLY RETROSPECT or tuz FINE ARTS. The‘ Use of all New Prints, Communications of Articles of Intelligence, §c. are requested under covER to the Care of the Publisher. == Wonument to the Memory of the late Admiral Lord Viscount Nelson, erected in the Guildhall of the City of London, by Smith, FRNHIS monument, inscribed with the name of Nelson, and embellished swith the luminous pen of Sheridan, will be a lasting memorial of the abilities of the writer, and of the laudable gra- stitude, and bad taste, of the corporation eof the City of London. It consists of three figures; a large recumbent river god; aiemale, with a castellated crown, ungracefully turning her back on the “spectators, while she is writing the anames of the hero’s principal victories in Roman brass letters, on the back of the monument, and another with a meda!- ion in ber lap, on which is a profile Anscribed Nelson. There is a lamentable deficiency of ‘yappropriation in the whole, and. of ori- -yginality and elegance in the detail, and, with the trifling alteration of the wri- ting, would have «served as’ well for vany body else, as Nelson. © In) short the desiyn (if such unskilful adaptation of well-known figures could he called design) is, without its inscription, a monument to let; and strongly reminds one of the old anecdote of the country manager’sapology for the tragedy of Hamlet, that, owing to thes indisposition of one of the prin- cipal performers, the part of Hamlet would be omitted, The Ewhibition of the Royal-Academy,1811. Lhe Forty-third.—Vhe opening of the exhibition (called “ of the Royal Acade- my,”) is the annual report of the progress ‘of the British school, and exhibits the most decisive marks of improevment in. almost every department of the fine arts. The analysis which we gave last year, produced such general satisfaction, that we shall follow the same plan in this, giv~ ing first a general view of the whole exhibition, and its relative situation in, respect of former ones, and then a more detailed account of a few of ‘the best of the works of art therein ex- hibited. The whole number of pieces ex- hibited are 955, and are in’ the fol- lowing» proportion: . about 80. histori= cal, poetical, and fancy. subjects; 220 portraits (exelusive of about.250 minia- tures); 60 landscapes; 100 architectural - ‘ as 181] drawings) and) designs; ‘55 pieces of sculpture, of which 27 are busts, and the rest miscellaneous, There are this ycar 510 exhibitors, 41 of whom are members of the aca- demy; the latter furnishing 156) pieces out of 861, the whole number exhibited, The exhibition is one of the best we remember, and the Prince Regent was guilty of no flattery: in saying, that, he saw portraits that Titian or Vandyke, and landscapes that Claude anight envy. The compliment was the greater from its truth, and the highly cultivated’ taste of his Royal Highness, In history, this year, that able and indefatigable veteran Mr. West, as usual, takes the lead, and is supported by a small band of promising youthfal ad- venturers, who, under his excelient gui- dance, will assuredly, with perseverance, attain.a splendid rank in art. Mr. Fuseli is very great, but sober his- tory is not the class in which to rank him, he is bimself alone, and his poet cal and metaphysical subjects, are par- ticularly grand, and possess an eleva- tion of thought, and airiness of fancy peculiarly his own. Mr. Fuseli is both an artist and a philosopher, and illus- trates with his peneil the powerful pre- cepts of his pen. This is as it should be, . professors should write, and not leave themselves to be illustrated by dilletanti. Mr. Prince Hoare, in his periodical paper called the Artist, has given artists an opportunity of essaying their powers with the pen, and they give forcible proofs of what Fielding serio- comically endeavours to prove, that a man does not write the worse. on a subject for understanding a little about it. Eustachio Zanotti, in bis “ Ragiona- menti sopra diverse question: appar- tementi alla Prospettiva,” says, lament- ingly, “ La maggior parte det libri, che ora escono al publico, non sono scritti da professori, ma da ‘quelli, che chia- mansi dillettanti, lo studio dei quali non’ altrepassa Je astratte speculazioni della teorica: ma nei passati, secoli erano eglino stessi gli artisti, e scrittori, e filo-, svi? Manca agli uni Ja prattica, e quelle cognizioni, che per essa si aquistano. » r. Dawe, in bis demoniac, infant Hercules, and portraits of Mrs. Hope’ and children, evinces a versatility of powers, that, with his pictures in the receding exhibitions, and those at Pall fall, stamp him an.artist of first rate talent, Messrs, Artaud, Efty, Hilton, Peale Monthly Retrospect of. the Fine Arts. its destination. 463 Joseph, Woodforde, Halls, Sass, Sin« gleton, and Trumbull, are the other sup- porters of the historical and poetic pencil. Turner’s landscapes, both drawings and paintings, are above all praise; his Mercury and Hersé, is a master-piece, Callcott in the same class is excellent, but a. more careful pencil would im- prove his style. In portraits, Lawrence places all com- petitors at humble distance; his portraits of the president and the Hon. Charles Stewart, in his Hussar dress, are wonders of art. ‘After ‘him -are Sir William Beechey, Messrs. Phillips, Norticute, Owen, Lonsdale, Stewardson, Pocock, Jackson, and Raeburn. Messrs. Bird, Wilkie, Collins, jun. and Chalon, shine in domestic humour ; and Edridge, Foster, Robertson, and Engleheart, in miniature portraits. ; Sharpe has some. high-finished whole- length cabinet portraits, of considerable taste and beauty. ' Bone, Hone, and Murphy, have some excellent enamels. Inthe architectural department, Messrs, Lochner, Joseph Woods, jun. Thomas, and Ware, exhibit some rival designs for Bethlem hospital: the first of which obtained the first premium, ‘ Mr. Soane exhibits some repetitions of the. Bank, slovenly drawn; and his designs for the new, House of Lords, which is tasteful and elegant, also a mausoleum for his friend Sir F. Bour- geois. Mr. Elmes exhibits some designs iw a good taste, executing in different parts of England, and some perspective views of St. Paul’s Cathedral, which appear to be his faveurite subjects; Mr. Gandy has some exquisite drawings. Mr. Kinnaird a good design for a triumphal arch; Mr. Grifiths, a mansion to be erected at Memel, in Prussia; Mr. Sanders, the new Royal Military Col- lege, near Blackwater; and Messrs. Beazley, jun. Pocock, J. Wyatt, Por den, and Seward, some good designs. Mr. Robinson’s design for the Museum in Piccadilly, for Mr. Bullock, is in a. clumsy, heavy, style, not suitable for Egyptian architecture is not calculated either for the materials or climate of England. Before concluding for this month, it is necessary to make a few observations on the manifest partiality shewn by the Hanging Committee this year. Accord-’ ing tothe annual proposals which are. publicly 46+ publicly “advertised, no exhibitor is permitted to exhibit more’ than eight pictures. Mr. Turner, one of that commit- tee has xine; and Mr.Callcott,also a mem- ber of it ten; all of which,with Mr. Soanes, ‘also a member of the same committee, are laced in the very best places. Mr. Sener has an ample apology for his situation, as there are not any better pictures to be found to supersede them ; but not so in the architectural depart- ment, where favoritism and partiality . Alphabetical Listof Bankruptcies. [May 1, is grossly visible. Accident could not have placed all the. best drawings in the highest and darkest places, aud the inferior in better, "The most delicately finished drawings are stuck up to the ceiling ; and others, where breadth of effect and boldness of finish, required distance, are. brought close to. tle eye. There are many better drawings in this room superceded in good places by the hangman. v (To be continued.) 7 SS AvpnaseticaL List of Bankrupteres dnd Divipenns, announced between the 20th of April and the 15th of May, extracted from the London Gazetles. j a Cook J. Plaiftow, Efex, gardener. (Ballachey ane BANKRUPTCIES, [This Month ¢71.J (The Solicitors’ Names are between Parentheses.) PSERNET HIE J. and 8. College) Hilly merchants. (Afnefley and Bennett, Afgei court, Throgmorton flreet Birs J. Timberfcombe, Somerfet, mealmane (Scotts, Upper Guiltord treet Allen BR. Bedford, wool-buyer. (Forbes and Pocock, Ely Place Amick J. Olu Bond ftreet, perfumer. ftreet, Piccadilly Awllead J, and W. Prickett, Old South Sea Houfe, mer- chints. (Palmer and Co. Copthall court ule J. Love lane, Eaft Cheap, broker-) (Chapman and Stevens, St. Mildred’s court, Poultry (Newcomb, Vine Axvhin B. J. Great Saftron Hill, brafs-founder. (Barrow, Threadneedle freet : @yres W. jun. Fleet ftreet, hatters (Bleafuale, Alexander, and Holme, Hatton court, Threadneedle éreet , Bailey 8. Bisgdon, Somerfet, viétualler. (Dyn, Lin- coln’s inn fields 4 Baine E. W. Chichehter, brazier, (Ledwich, Baldwin's court Bxinton R. Lombard feet, provifion dealer. Qid Jewry : Bardwell J. Manchefter, agent. (Enis, Chancery e (Walker, fan Batfon J. Ryder freet, st. James's, tailor. (Hanmany Piazza Chambers, Covent Garden (Ellis, Chaneery Beck FT. Upton, Chetter, brewer, (Hughes and Chap- lane Bennett .R. Houndfditch, mercer. man, Temple Bennett F. Scymour court, Bucks, Jace merchant. (ENifon, White Hart court, Lombard ftreet Berry M. Barnficy, York, grocers (Wilfon, Greville treet, Hatton Garden . r Backburn J. and J. Cooke, Lancafter, fpirit merchants. (Blakelock aud Makinfon, Temple Blackmore R. Tottenham court road, painter. (Hall, Coleman ftreet Blanchard W. Seven Dials, dealer in paper and rags. (Kenrick, Hatfield ftreet, Surry : Boraman J. Brighton Place, Hackney road, flour-fador, {Nind, Throgmorton court | Boner G. Poplar, meltcr,. ‘(Collins and Waller, Spital uare Bowring J. J. New Bond ftreet, hatter. Mincing jane Brown T.-L. Whitecrofs treet, fire bucket-maker. (Warne, St. Helen’s Place, Bifliopfgare Buchanan W. Uxendoo fireet, Haymarket, merchant, (Martelli, Norfolk ftreer, Strand Burchell F. Warwick Place, Bedford row, | faddlers (Jones and Sandell, Size lane, Bucklersbury (Edge, Man- (Wye (Noy and Pope, Burrows W. Manchefter, horfe dealer. chefter Cabburn W. Lower Thames ftreet, vittuallers bourn and Burke, Craig’s court, Charing Crofs Camparr i. G. Spread Eagle court, broker. (»yms, Par- liament treet Capflack J. Lancafter, cabinet maker. (Blakelock and .Makinfon, Temple <@ Carpenter W. Welt Wratting, Camridgefhires horfe- dealer, (Kinderly, Long, and Ince. Gray’s inn Carter I. Manchefer, cosn dealer. .. (Cooper and. Lewe, Chancery jane Chamberlain Ws. . Horftey, Glocefter, (Shephard and Adlington, Bedford row €hattle 5. Blackman. (treet, Borough. oi) and colourman, (Minfsulland Veale, Abingdon Greet — Collins T. Harvey's boiidings, Stratd, printer. . (Fulleny Fore &reet, Cripplegate =~ ie yarn maker. Silvery Angeicours, Throgmorton treet Coombe W. Scot’s Yard, Cannon eet, merchant. (Annefley and Bennett, Angel court, Throgmorton ftrect Cooper J. N. Beckfoot, Cumberland, and J. Cooper, Broughton, Laneafhire, ftaunerss (Wiglefworth, Gray's inn court = Cooper T. Dudley, Worcefter, srocere (Lowilefe and Croffe. St. Mildred’s courts Poultry Coufins W. Great Alie ftreet, Goodman's fields, cope (Lowiefs and Crofie, St. Mildred’s court, Poultry Crodew W. St. Philip, and Jacoby Gloueefterfhire, mal fer. (James, Gray’s inu fquare Crout J. Bridge road, Lambeth, tallow chandler. Beaford row Dear J. Temple J Dewar R.« C, Great. Winchefter ftreety merchant. _ (Dawes, Augel court, Throgmorton treet r Dicker. G.» North Tawton,. Devon, ferge makers (Collett, Wimburn and Collett, Chaycery lane Dobfon J. Liverpool, merchant. (Vandercom ané Comyn, Buth lane ’ Dodd £. Dock Head, Bermondfey, tallow chandler. (Jennings and Collier, Carey ftreee Drake 7. Catr Hal) mill, Lancathirey millers (Caton and Brumell, Alderfgare treet, : Diakeford W. Great ‘Peter ftreet, Weltminfter, bakere / (Turner, Edward Greet, Cavendifh fquare aah Driver J. Skipton. Yerk, oil merchant. (Exley, Stocker and Dawion, Furival’s init Homington, , Wilts, carpenter, (Lowtor, Duke E. and F. Eetham, Kent, linen drapers. (Beckett and Weal, Broad treet. Golden fquare : Exlwards W. Bruton, Somerfet, blackimith, | (Shepharé and Adlington, Bedfora row Ellery J. Orange row, Kennington rvuad, chymift. iHannamy Piazza Chambers; Covent Gardeu Favenc P. Wincheiter ftreet, merchant. (Bourdillop and _ Hewitt, Little Friday ftreey Fawfon T. Great Piazza, Covent Garden, hotel keepers , (Hannam, #iazza Chambers, Covent Garden Field J St. Alban’s, butcher, (Alexander, Léacoln’s . inn fguare ‘ bani Fifk R. Wickham Market, Suffolk, hhopkeeper. (Dynes _ Lincoln’s inn fields « , Fitch W, Surry ftreet, Strand, tailor, (Smith, ToOken- houfe yard - " : : Flaxman ), Dean ftreet, Red Lion fquare, cheefemonger. (Darke, Prince's ftreet, bedford row Fonfeca A. A. Prefcot ftreet, dealer, (Ifaacs, St. Mary Axe = Ror J. Minories, trunk maker. (Noy and Pope, Mincing ane Garrett J. jun. Harting, Suflex, mealman. . (Platt, Temple Gibfon ¥. and C. P. Whitaker, Great St. Helen’s, mere chants. (Dawes, Angel court. Throgmorton ftreet Golcney T. B, Seymour court, Bucks, Jace merchant. (Ellifon, White Hart court, Lombard ftreet —s_—™ Gordon R. and A. Manchefter, travelling chapmens _ (Ellis, Civancery lane _ Grimwvod D. Kennington lane, Surry, fagtore _ wood. Cushion court, Broad treet Grifio Rs Birmingham, draper. _ fquare & Griffiths J. Knightony Radner, drapery Spear, Gray’s inn Haddock | Us. Briftol, Staple’s inn Hall R. W., Clement?s lane, merchant, dell, Size Jane, Bucklersbury Hankinfon M. Pendleton, Lancathire, dealere Temple $ . a Hayward J. Suffolk freer, Charing Crofsy carpenter. (Chippendaly (Shere coloup manufacturers (Jones and Sune a (Egerton, Gray’s inn: (Gardale and, (Heelia,: (Hurd, - of 81i.J © Alphabetical List of Bankruptcies and Dividends. 405 (Chippindal, Great Queen ftreet, Lincoln’s inn fields Menfow S$. Fetter lane, tailors (Swan, New Bafinghall eet 5 Hill R, Frome Selwood, somerfet, cutler. (Davies, Lotabury Holmes #. Liverpool, merchant. (Fairthorne and Clarke, Warnford court, Throgmorton treet Huffam C. and W. H. Limenoute, fhip chandlers. tTestdalg, Merchant Yaylor's Hall, ‘dhicadueedle Feet Hunt &. Lyan, Noifoik, tailor. (Aaftice aud Cox,, * Ternple Burrell 1. Henny, Effex, miller. (Meggifin and Fair- bank, Hatton Garden Jacobs J. Walcot, Somerfet, plaferers Adiiogton, Bedford row Jones 5, Duke ftrect, Aldgate, drapere ftreet, Hojborn (Shephard and (Jupfon, Caftle Joves j. Davies Mrect, Hanover fquares upholder. w , Richardfon, Fither, and Luke, Bury frees St. James's Jones J. Edmonton, wheelwright. (Warnes Broad ftreec Keyes &. Skinner freet, vitualler- _ Saiter’s Hall, Cannon fireet Kirke }. tittle Tower hill, wince merchant. Barttett's buildines Knowlton Cc. W, Flee ftrect, hattere 10w’s buildings, Blackfriar’s road Lawion T. and J. Daviton, Riding Houfe lane, St. Mary Je bone, painters. (Lee, Caitle ftreet, Hulbarn Lemay J. Puplary yidtualier, (Mitchesl, Union court, Broad itrect < 2a Levy wh. Griftol, shopkeeper. _ Houndfoiich \ Kittle C. 4. and 7. Carlifle, cotton mawufatturers. (Birket, Bund court, Wa!bruok Lonfuaie G. B. Green Lettuce lane, (Biont and Bowman, Old Bethicm Rowe R. Haymarket, liven draper. anh Mair @ Liverpool, linen draper. ton, Bedford row Martin T. and J. Edwards. blacking manu fa&urers, (Lowlefs and Croffe, st. Mildred's coart. Poultry Merryficld J» Piymouth, grocer, (Anftice and Cox, - Inver Temple ae Mills }, Back-church lane, Whitechapel, victualler. (Témpler, Burr freet, Eat Smithneld Wiherbon @ A. Stockport, flour dealer. (Miloe and Parry, emple Morgan E. jun. Knightun, Radnor, woolftapler. — (Jen= kins, Jones, and Abbort, New Inn Morrifon J. Church court, Clement's lane, merchant. (Alin, Freeman’s court, Coron . Nett T, Spalding, draper. (Tilfon and Prefton, Bridge ftreet, Blackfriars : ee Owen ‘A. Belt ¥ard, ftationer, (Caftle, Furnival’s an Oxley s. Pontefratt, York, druggit. -_, Makinfon, Temple Pacey J. Worceiter, hofier. (Platt. Temple . Page J. Swaffham, No:fulk, brewers “ [uoidard, Gray’s inn fguare hag Hs St. Martin’s nora yards bichdis dealer. _ (Young and Hughes, Eifex fireet, Stran¢ Paice a. Bridge rec’, Lambeth, tea dealer, (Holland, _ Lambeth road Pork T. New North ftreet, Red Lion fquare, agent. (Rannam, Piazza Chambers, Covent Garden Paulfon J. Manchefrer, manufacturer. (Ellis, Chancery (Hall and Drake, (Tucker, “‘(Meymott, Bur- (Harris, Caftle ftreet, infurance broker. (Putt, Stapie’s (Sheppard and Adling- (Blokelock and jane 5 Peli FT. 138 Maidftone, coupetr. (Jones, Millman place, Bedford row Pettic R. College hill, merchant. (Aunefley and Ben- petr, Angelcourt, Throgmorron ftreet : Petty . gucklersbury, merchant, (Tarn, Warnford court Pickton T. Rillingéon, foap-manufacturer. (Harding, Primrofe frreet Ponstord M. Brew eignton, Devun, fhupkeeper. _ (Drewe aad Loxham, New inn Porter W. and J. York, fkinners. fguare * v PratienC. Briftol. fhoemaker, (Burroughs, Catt'e treet, Faicon fquare Frebbie }, Bow, miller. | freee Pridham W. cabinet maker. Gare Reid W. Briftol, infargnee broker. + -ajid Richares, Chiancery lance 3 Bice W- Liverpool, merchant. (Windle, John fircet, (Eyre, Gray’s inn (Robins, Bouverie treet, Fleet Sr. Martin’s Church yard, Wekminfer, (Lemage, Caftle fircet, Mew's (Tarrant, Clarke, : ed ° " ft PB se 5 Ww. Lees and T- Wilkinfon, jun. Liverpool; merchants: (Vilfon and Preftun, Chatham Place, Blackfriars (Blackftock, Temple i . Liv J, merchant. Bovinee ht ircrno. (Jonca Martin's tune, Rebinfon T. Romford, printer. + Cannon treet Robinfon J. Whitehaven, fon, etaple’s inn Robfon J. Mancheler, innkeeper. Tem Role Se eehattors, Effex, dealer and chapman. Mil ‘ Routh iT. Le tefurier, and H- L. Routh, Autip Friart, MontuLy Mac. No, 213. Cumberland, mercer. (Pear (Miloe aud Parry, (Curtis, merchants. (Crowder, Layie, and Garth, Frederic’e Place, Old Jewry v Ryde J.’ahd C. C. Bulley, Pope’s head alley, Corahill, brokers. (Lane, Lawrence Pountney hill J bet J+ Canterbury, bookfelier. (Dyne, Lincoln’s ina ais (Clutton, St. Tha- (Ed- Salter W. Rrixtony Surry, merchant. inas’s ftrect, Southwark y Scott T. and W. Jordau, St, Pancras, builders. wards and Lyop, Great Ruffell (treet Shaw Z, Dudiey, Worceiter, mercer. Temple (Anftice and Cory Shirvey W. Charlotte treet, Whitechapel, grocer. (Wile liams, Staple’s inn : : Sidebothaia D. Stockpoff, merchant. (Edge, Inuer Temple Slade P. Charles ftreet, Hampftead road, coach fmith. (Grown, Rathbone Place Smith W, London, mariner. Throgmorton Greet Smith $3 New Cavendith freet, milliner. Vandergucht, Craven ftrect Smithfun R Hull, coal merchant, * Lipcoln’sion Smithfou J. Blackfriars road, grocer. Michae’s Church yard, Coruhill Socket T. “Holt, Denbigh. butcher (Huxley, Temple Southall Re S aud B. Dudley, nailironmongerg. (Maye hew, Symond’s inn Sowerby P. Liverpool, provifion dealer, (Windle, John treet, Bedford row Stanley J. Deal, rronmongere and Robarts, Clement’s inn (Dawes, Angel court, (Legectt and (Edmunds and Son, (Bofwell, Ste (Farlow, Bouvetie ftreet, Staniey J. and Y, Fleming, Deal, thip agents. (Dyney Lincolia’s inn fields 4 Stewarc D. Greek ftreet, Soho, jeweller, (Primrofe, Southampton buildings. Holborn Stratton H. Blackfriars’ road, ftove grate manufacturers (Birket/ Bond court, Wa'brook Swatton G. Cumberland ftreet, liquor merchant. (Leta, Caftle ttrreet. Holborn ‘Taylor W. seccles, Suffolk, hatter, (Sudigw, Monue ment yard Thomas D. Pickett freet, Strand, linen draper. (Tile fon and Preaon, Chatham place, Blackfriars Thomfon W. Manchefter buildings, Wetminiter, merchante {Afpinall, Quality court, Chancery lane ba ete <4 Taviauck, Devon, miller, (Davis, Effex treet, tran Tolley W. jun. Richmond, Surry, faddlere (Clarke, Dhayies ion Vandrant J, Briftol, dealer and chapman, “ [Heclite Staple’s inn Wainwright R. Manchefter, manufacturer. Parry, Temple Walker R. fen. and Js and J. Leeds, cloth merchants. ( Battye, Chancery lane Waring "B Alton, Hants, woolftapler, jun fields Warfin J. Fit treet hiil, merchant. court, Throgmorton trreet Weliford J. Old South Sea Houfe, Broad treet, in-- furance broker. [Allan, Frederic’s piace, Old Jewry Wells G+ Hadleigh, Suffolk, draper, [Noy and Pope,’ Mincing lane (Milne and [bDyne, Lincoln's (Bryant, Copthail Whately W. Lawrence Pountney hill, merchant, - [vane, Lawrence Pountacy hill : Whinfield J. Gatcthead, Durham, ironmonger. . [Ri-+ mington and Wake, Sheffield . Whitaker C, P. Great St. Helep’s, merchant. [Blunt and Bowman, Old Bethlem ¥ White 4. George ftreet, Mancheler fquare, coal merchants (Kibblewhite,, Rowland and Robinfou, Grey's inn piace Whittle J. Liverpool, tailor. [Windle, John Oreet, _ Bedford row E Widnell J, Holborn, potter. [Dixon and Co. Paternofer row Wildman C. Newport ftrect, Long acre, filverfmithe _ (Smart, Clement's inn Wilkinfon £, Charles ftreet, (Williams, Red Lion fyuare Williams 3. 8, Auftin Friays, merchant, ford court Willfhaw 8. City road, tailor. St. Mildred’s court, Poultry Wilfn 7. fen. st. Clement, Cornwall, iron matter. (Cardale and Spear, Gray's inn Wood R. Market fireat, St- James's, wine. merckante | Field and Sheargold. Clifora’s inn Wotd J. E. Ashford, Keot. wine merchant. (Alcock, Corner, and Lindfey, St. Thomas's ftreer, Southwark Young F. aud *, Handcock, South shields, wurham, mere chants. [Beli aod Brodrick, Bow lune DIVIDENDS ANNOUNCED. Adams, E. G. High (trect, Mary le-bone, apethecary, May 25 Anceriony J. Gateuieau, Durham, grocer, May 16 Angerten, A. and D. Roberdoa, Cuicman fireety Merchants, May 2 - T. Bafinghaill freet, Blackwell-hall, fattor, Andrews, May 25 G Annis, F- Southend, Lewiftam, Kent, miller, June 8 Arbuthnutt, A. Poilpor Jane, and Birmivgham, merchant, June “5 pee oe Arburhnott, A. and R. Bracken, Philpot lané, merchants, une 2 ‘s axieotts RB. Pynes 30 near Exeier, miller, Mey we St. James's, millinere CTarn, Warne (Chapman and Stevens 466 Athwell, J. W. Colchefer, grocer, May % ‘ Atchifony W. Newgate fireer, boot and fhoe-maker, May 18. Atkins, J. Norwood, deaicr, May 25. ‘ : 1 €s. J. Stratford, coal merchaut, May 13 ¥ Mie. G. and J, Jaffray, -Finibury place, merchants, ne ya Ball, J. Hutherfett, Norfolk, engineer, May 13 Rawetts J+ Colyton, "evony bag maker, June 6 ke ; ei, W. Leeds, grocer, May <5 Ane Bop ety W. Lawrence Pom they ‘Rill, tea doaler, May 18- incoin’s tno fields, merchant, Aprilje Be kley, 1. Corovill, merchant, Jure & Biihop, T, Birmingham, plarery May 34 Blow, J. Hertford, currier, June 8 Blow, W. Resttord tavner, June 8 Bluncell K. F., Coleman ttreet, infurance broker, May 23 Boddingion, T. Northampton, mercer, June & , Hromhend, W. Stamford, Linculn, iranmonger, June 8 Brookman, ). Witchetter. tannery May 28 : pA aoa Bartholomew Jaac, infwrance broker, May i8 Cade, 1. and J. Stevens, Garlick hill) wine imérchaitey June t5.., < * Capes, W. Wee eid Lincoln. mercer, Augut 7 Carter,, J, Crosby fquare, sifhepigate Grecty merchantéy ' ay 13 Cafon, W. Finsbury fyviars. letrer founder Mey 18 Chamberitiny Ns Fleet fireet, drugeilty May 25. . i Corrie, High Ayeet, Lambeth, common brewer. May 25 Coward, F. Fuggieltone, St.. Peter, and J. Brewer, Bure Combe. Wilts, clothiers, June6 x Crowley, D. Porttinonthy tailor, May 25 - t f utr J. Sprig firect, St. Mary je bone, taliow chandler, une g Dsrwin, H. Souttsmpron, tailor, May 18 Davidfon, ). Eatt indla chambers, Leadenhall treet, mere chant, June 4 Davies, ‘I’. Hayerfordwet, mercer, May 23 Dariton, J. New Brentford, linen drapery June q Dawes J.. W. Noble, R. f. Croft; ad R, Banwitk, Pall “Mali, bankers, May 4=.8 y yraars De Chamiliy. P, F. Vs Somerfet fireets, Portman f{quare, Coal merchant, May 14 Dp ja Chwimette F, D. Lendenhali"@reet, merchants Juneg Devey, R. Stourbridge, upheltterer, May 29 Diefdale, J. tivity dealer, May 25 ; ¢ sire 8 M ™ Borough High fireety hop merchant, Maytd4y Funes) Douga, 1, Bread fireet, warehorfemany May 25 Duncan, W: 4oA. Piverpoo , draperay May 2! Dinos, J. and C. Robinfon, Wood (treet, facturs, May 2S Dyety R, Ptuley, Worceites, grocer, June 6 aman, T. Clement's lane, London, merthanty June te Eafton, W. and R. May a4 Fdwarasy Ex Liverpool, butchers Junei4 Eltis, C. Jermyn flreet, tallow chandlery May 25 ‘¥rheringtan, T. Lawrence Pountuey lene, broker. Junne 4 Evans, R. Merthyer, Tydvil. G.amorgan, thopkeepets, Imlay 23 Frrburny J. Minoyies, hookfe ler; May 18 Fezron, J, CheapSide, Norwicheshaw] mavufacturer, May 18 Fevton, fi and Gs. Moore, Rotherhithe, srfi.th's iroumon- gers, May 18 bir r\gg Fergufony J. Burr freer, mariner, Mey France, 5, Liverpool, butcher, June 4 Franco, M. Spital fquare. infurance broker, June 15 ‘ulford. J, HOO Milly Warwick, miller, June 6 Gibion, T. LeiceRer Mreet, Welminfrer, vittualier, May 25 Gootiwing. Js Ludlow, Salup, fhopkeeper, June s “ Grant, C. Broad Rrect, merchant, May 25 Hall, Re Liverpool; grocer, June 5. Hancox, E. Ludley, banker, May 2 Harrifon, F. Camomile itreety Nationer, Jane 25 ; . Haflall, Wi. Maicteier, grocery May 27. Hawkileys J. Arnold, Notts, merchant, June 4 Hemming, J. Worceter, whiceimith, May 28 Renteh, j Holborn, haberdamicr, May 18 Honzeil..G, Little Lak Cheap nndcraker, June re, Hewlett, T. Southborough, Kent, gunpowder manufactu- rer, May 25 Hills, B. Enfield, linen draper, May 28 Hinee, Ji, Ge P. Wyattyand F. Keyfdy Norfleydowny lead manniacturersy May 95 i : Hodgion ye jin. Coleman Crest, merchant, May 4 Sicok, 1. Ber:nondiey New Roady vitualer, puiy ¢ Hooker, T. Mary le bose Greets racer, May 25 Howlad, T. Thame. Oxfords career | july 2°" Miimptiryss M, Briffol, dealer and chapman, June4 } Hunter, J. Great Newport treet, haberdeier, May 2$ Inglis. jo Bihiver fynarey merchent,! May 18 Jonafton, W. G. Bond Court, Walbrook, merchant, June s Jukes: G, M. Goipurty merchant, May 7 ‘ ukess E. Gofpor'y Merchant, May 7 erty, RY Bucklersbary, warehouseman, May 2g Killick, R. Southampton, wpholiterery May 25 Kirkby W- Ma chefer, merchant, May ea Kirton, J. Gray’s Inn terivencr, May 2 Knott, J. Margate, thocineker, May a Knowlton, Cr Batty glinen diapers May 25 Yante, A. Lendemhaliterzets hardwareman, func & Lane, J. Petworth, 9 flex jinen araper June 5 Dara, A. Miborie’y Nabersafher, May) 8” Leayely T- Plymouth, merchant, May 48 jun. Buckiersbury, warckoufemens Alphabetical List of Dividends. [une ty Lee, S. Birchin ae merch, June 4 cman, J, Ramfpate, fhonkecper, June rt i Es Lominatz, Bs dita W2Riffuny Pendhureh reat merchanteg June 8 4 Longman. S. Brifol, linen éraper, May +8 h Lo.id, T. Devonthire Mreet, piano forte maket, May 18 Lowton, E, Mark lane, merchant, Jrne 15 Luckhurft, T. Canterboryy draper, May 23° ° Luxton, 1. Exeter, linen drzper, May 95 \ Macpherfon, W. Maiden lane, ftraw hat manufa@urery May 6 n . Myjo vi W. Friday ftreet, Norwith-fhawl!l manufaQurets . Jone t Marrioit. §. Cateatoy Rrect, vintner, June r Math, J. Réd-lioy pafage, potatoe merchant, May 25 Matkelyn G. Briftol, merchaaly May 31 Mayhew, R. Surton, miller. May 04 : Manuet, Louis, spring Garden, tavern keeper, May 20 _ Menon, A. ip igi es dealer, May ‘apper, P, Britkol, hsb rdafher, May 23 . Nohuvingtah, J“ St. Martin’s ie Grad, trimming manuhos ,, turer, May 25 . , : Poulton, J. Liverpool. dry fairer, May at Parfons, J. Bread treet hill, calienderer, Junes Penn, J. Leather lant, ci) and co’ourman, May 24 Perkins, J. Birmingham, fatter, June 5 : Pickflay, We Exeter, linen drape june 25 Powis, T. juns Southwark, linen draper, June rx Pratt, W. Broraley, ent. vi€uailery june 8 Purfeil, 5. Milk Greet, warchoufeman, May 2¢ Randall, T. Oxfordy linen draper, May 6 Remington, J. St. Ives, tiquormerchant, May 77 | eer arse T. Halifax, dyer, May a1. * ‘ iddell, G. Berwick-un- weed, grocer, May 24 Rilcy, M. Souterhowte, Halifax, cotwefpinner, Mayr¢ _ i St. John Qrecty Wek Smithfield, iron-doundery Sey 14 Robis fun, C. Wodd fircet, Cheapfide, cloth worker, Mayas Roome, B. Great Carter lane, Bottors? Commossy rine’ e Randduee ; fh fen, and® jun, Burrockfise, Cumberiandg rovers, May »2 Agri 6 and T. Moriall, Chetter and Shitewsbury, baa~ hers, Juret 7 ee " Rott, T. Baltdn, Miduléfex, Mock broker, May 18” . Sanderfony Wi. Liverpngl timber merchant, June 7 Sanderfon, R. pik. Aull, grocer June: * ee Cy Jamica fireet, Covent Garden, cheefemonger, une !5 Scager, S. P- Maldftone, dealer, May 75 X + Seddon, T, Saltford, Manchefter, victualler, May 21 Sharp, C. B, Birinintham. factor, fuke5 "~ : Shawtord, W.c. Albany. Piccadilly confectionery May 18. » Speriion, T. Market BUfworih Leicefier, Juneé : fherrace, W Birmingham, cariier, May. 51 Shevifl, W. Burr Greet. Wapping dct.er, May 25 Saniths T.N. Worceiter craper, Jones ; NE Dia d Soanes. R. Mark jane provifion merchant ‘May 5 : Southcomb, F. Great Qucen’ ftrect, Licol’s: Ihn’ fieldey merchant. May : : » South waod, T. Caftle fMrect, Holborn » carpet dealer, Jane L Spalding, D. Thorpe, Norfilk liquor merchant, June g Ston:, J. Biidge road. Lambeth, feedsman, May .9 Snowy EB. Houndiditch, bu cher, J neg 8 4 r) Swat. 5. W ug Wall matt and block maker, Mate y Sykes, We White Livn freet, Norton Falgate, teed-fuctor, june 19 2 "baylor, eG rent Tower ftrest,, woolen draper. May 'B | Therihaw Shaw, Chapely Lancafaire, cottonemanyfadue tec, fue STOR THAP Na Thomas, |. Hosfham, biamdy merchant, May 14 hoe’ Tierney, J- Bi~hoggate fiveet, merchanty June 4 4 Tuoks 1 aud Az Téud, Strand wine merchakis, June Townlead, E. Maiden laae, Covent Garde, wine and cydor yacichants funeg © & isos Troucdeck, C. Rathbone place, uphalfterer. a & Tureer, T. Liverpcoty cheefemonger, Mey 22 aa ty J» Biannfoy Quay, Nortiauypion, merchants une & © : ar ge a Veichtuers J..F- Angel court, Throgmorton ftrecty mere chant, Jone is : “4 Meenans Ts Fascheke oythampton, grocer, Jungs Shitt Von Eflen, C. B. Gray's Iau Coitce houle, Hoiburny mee chaat, May (9 - } BORER Walker, J. B.ackman ftreet linen drapery May 25 ape Ward, Ri ld itrecty vidtualier, Vay 25 - se Weldale, Ws Oxford ftresr, linen draper, Jucé Is ; Wellings. TT. Whitechapel. paintc’, May 25 * Whadeys T, and J. ws Erniay, tireety warchouferta, June Wiitmeil, J. Golden lane, yittcaler Junes Wiggens, S. QarthPaik, tailors4. ne 6 6 fy 2 ; Wiidgoufe, C.S. Phitipand Jec.b, Gloucefér, coal mer- Chants, Juur 6 ead , i Wik Willis. 16. GoM. Jukes, J.G. fackfon, and J. Langley, oSativbury tquarc menchanih. Jude & sae (ay Woifon, J, beak (rect. Goloeu fy are, men"s mercer. June & ianet Winter, 2. W. Holi, iuholder, June ss Wood, 8, Holborn, coges tinithy May 25.” y . - Woodroile, E. Wovilsfione, G ouccter, iron manufacturer, May 16»; ; 44 ‘ \ ib araye Wright: W. New Rondy Midile(sx coach maker, M4y 26 Wrigat. >. White BUMS lac, WhitocNapely. metchahit, jume 8 - > Deke techy _ REVIEW 7 —_—— Pe So — e 1811.] [ 467 7} REVIEW: OF NEW MUSICAL PUBLICATIONS. Sementetie cium Clemenii’s Introduction (fifth edition) to the Art of Playing on the Piano-ferte. 103.64. 5 AVING. in a former, number en- tered into the merits of this useful work, it only reinains for us to say, that the present edition possesses ad~ ditional claims to the notice of young practitioners ;. that the national airs now introduced are given in the best style and most correct fingering, and that the new exercises are most judiciously con- structed for the, advancement, of the unpractised fingers ’ Appendix to the Fifth Edition of Clementi's Intros duction to the Ari of playing on the Piano-forte, arranged and fingered by M, Clements, esq. Ilis, The preiudes, exercises, national airs, and variations, together, with the ether pleasing and instructive pieces, forining the present Appendia to Clement's lie genious and valuable “Introduction to the Art of Piang-forte Performance,” offer to the juvenile student a body of practical lessons, from which, if pro- perly attended to, he cannot. but derive rapid and considerable improvement. The fingering, the first object with those wha would acquire a graceful and facile execution, is strikingly accurate; and it is bat just to Say that where it/varie from the yeneral mode, it 1s by its supe- rhority, ¢ ‘ A Ground, with Variationz, foribe improvement of Young Performers on ibe Picno-forie, by T, Cooke. af. * , _To.this Ground, to which Mr. Cooke has appended fifty-seven variations, is prefixed a view of the piana-forte key- board, including the additional keys, The Ground consists of the descending notes of the octave, taken in C; and the variations possess the merit of. pro- ceeding by a nicely graduated scale of difficulty, from the most simple, to a somewhat elaborate execution; and ‘can- not but greatly serve its evident object, that of juvenile improvement. Grand Sonata for the Piano-forte, with an Accom- paniment for the Violin, (ad lib.) dedicated to Mr. Woelfl, by F. Kiorilo. 55. ' Thongh, in our opinion, the piece before us. is not calculated to delight the general, or uncultivated, ear, vet jus- tice demands that we speak of it in high terms of approbation. If its style is not open and florid, it is well-studied aud scientific; and if we cannot allow it the praise of glowing and striking passages, neither can we deny that the ideas are sterling and well-connected, and that the veal master is ‘evident ii every movement. Favourite Airs and Duos, in the serious Opera of Zaira, as performed wich unbounded applause at the King’s Theatre, Haymarket. Arranged Sor the Piano-forte or Harp, by Felice Rauia cati, esq. Tos. 6a. ; These airs with the merits of which the public ‘are so well acquainted, av arranved with taste and judgment. ‘The accompaniment is given with, every at- tention to the best possible effect, and the text is a’ accurate in its pointing s a3 the style of the adaptation is elegant and masterly, : ‘ A favourite Military Divertimento for the Pigno~ Jorte, with an Accompaniment. for the Ftute. Composed and dedicated to ~Laily Obarlotte Hood, by Osmond Sagery.. 28.6d. ia Tae martial and familiar cast of thig composition will not fail to please the lovers of light, but striking, composition. Many of the thoughts are novel, and the general cffect bespeaks a taste and a genius capable of higher eforts. © Sweet Home; .a Polecca,. introduced in the Opera of the Casile of Andalusiic, by Mr. Brabam. Composed by’ T. Costes bide he “Sweet Home” is an air with the merit of which the ‘musical world are well acquainted’ Of ‘its intraduction into the above justly-admired Gpera, anit the style in which it is here offered ta the public, we gannot but approve. In the Castle of Andalusia, it was pare ticularly appropriate, and ‘is here tasté- fully ornamented, aud judiciously ace companied. Pe “ My Nannie 0; @ favourite Scots Ballad, by Burns, Sung, by Mr. Broadbiurst, at Sadler's Wells, inthe Pantomime of Luice Dos mun. Composed by WW. Reeve. 13, 6d. Mr. Reeve has hit, off this tittle ballad with considerable felicity. © The style is truly Scotch; and so appropriate ta the cast and sentiment of the poetry, as to be as interesting a8 itis pure aid sipple. + ws The American Rondo. Composed and arranged Jor the Piano-forte, by Mr, Halst. 25,0 Tie introduction to this piece is ana- logous ad ingenious; and the subject of the Rondo is pleasing, though not strikingly novel. Of the force, or pis guante style, of the passages we cannot sa say \ 468 say much; but ‘a consistent flow of ideas pervades the composition, and certainly ranks it above mediocrity. Two Sonatas, Fantasig Fuga, and Polacca. Composed and dedicated to J, B. Cramer, esq. by Dec.or Cogan. 7s. 6d. Though the second movement in the first of these sonatas is not perfectly in the Scotch style, nor the air forming the subject of the third movement correctly given, we find in the work much to praise. A. freedom, and sometimes a brilliancy, of conception, evince them- selves in the construction and turn of the passages, and the general effect be- speaks a cultivated taste, as well as con- siderable knowledge of the instrument for which the pieces are written. “* Le Carillen;” a favourite Divertinento, for the Piano-forte. Composed and dedicated to Miss Smith, by F.C. Panormo. 3s. Le Carillon,” ip which is introdu- ced the celebrated airs of “ Hark! the bonny Christ-Church Bells,” and “‘ How Report of Diseases. blest the Maid ;” is an ingenious ‘and pleasant composition. Nothing great is attempted, consequently nothing greaé is effected; but the qualities of ease, originality, and simplicity, (qualities by no méaits common,) aré strikingly dis- played, and evince considerable com- mand of idea in this species of pianos forte compdsition. *§ Robin, you'll eome to. Summat ;"? a Pastorgt Comic. Song, sung by Mr: Lund, at Sadler's Wells, in ihe Melo Drama of the Red Reavers Written by C. Dibdin, jun, composed by Wy Reeve. 45.64. Wok ry rene This trifle will-not-be--heard. without pleasure by those who» are» partial “to the light effusions of humour. ‘The pag- sages, though they cannot claim the praise of oviginality, are consistent and connected, and the general result is on effect certainly creditable to Mr. Reeve’s talent for this inferior species of ballad composition, ‘ vt eee REPORT OF DISEASES, Under the Care of the late Senior Physician of the Finsbury Dispensary, from the 20th of Aprit to the 20th of May. a RATHER curious case of palsy A. has, within these few weeks past, fallen under the notice and care of the Reporter, in which the patient was him- self perfectly aware of all the circum- stances of the seizure. He felt.as if the ground were sinking from under his feet, and all the persons and objects before him, appeared to him inverted; he sud- denly became incapable of, moving any limb, or part of his body; at the same time his recollectiow and other faculues of mind, seemed not to be i any degree ‘jmpajred.” Instend of bleeding, or any other violent method of inauition, sti- mulants being both externally and in- _ternally administered, the patient was gradually aroused from his state of tor- por, and a resurrection tock place. .of those powers which, might have been irrecoverably extinguished by an. un- ealled-for. and ill-timed expenditure of the vital fluid. Bleeding, being almost indisermminately resorted to upon such oceasions, may in a great measure ac- ‘count for the too general fatality that attends apoplectic and paralytic seizures. ’ From the period of life at which such seizures are most apt to take place, from the enfeebling habits or diseases: which, in a large proportion of cases, have pres ceded and prepared the way for their occurrence, and from the variety of cir= ‘cumstances indicating a worn and debi- litated frame, which almost invariably appears in concomitance with a paralytie or apoplectic attack, it would seem na- tural to-infer, that, although the habitual abuse ‘of stimuli may bave helped | to bring on this deplorable state of the con stitution, @ recovery ‘from it can be effected’ only by their temporary -appli- cation; and’that, on the contrary, to have recourse in so extreme a case of’ actual weakness, attended: by a partial suspen- sion of the functions of life, to one of the ‘most ditect and’ powerful means’ of pros ‘ducing further exhaustion, is, m/effecr, to keep down the drowning, and to tram- ple upon the already prostrate. His long known sentiments upon this subject, the Reporter cannot better countenance than by the authority of the Jate vene- rable Dr. Heberden; whose words. upon ‘a point so important, it may not be im- pertinent to extract. “ Etenim:jupiores et robusti non tam obnoxii sunt his mor- bis (apoplexy atid palsy) quam. peeri infirmi et effeti genes, in quibus' vires’ nutriende sunt et excilanda, potiis quam, } [Junets } a 4 ; ; ; d isi. guam minuende; dim multa sanguinis profusio, queniadmoddm in submersis fieri dicitur, omnes siature conatus re- primit et tenues vite religuias’ peuitis extingnit. Quod si consulamus expe- Tientiam, hec, quantum possuntjudicare, testatur Capigsas sanguinis tjsslones Sepe ,nocuisse, easque in non paucis gratis tatius fuisse pretermissas.”* * The Commentaries of Dr. Heberden, from which che above quotation has veen made, comprise the scanty but invalu- | able results of along life, of the most ex- tensive and diligent, as well as of the t > y ** Heberden Commeantarii, p. 300., aE! State of Public Affuirs in May. 469 most correct and sagacious observation That’ experienced ‘and “highly accom- plished ‘practitioner has shewn, in this his legacy to the public, how inuch, and at. the sanie time how Jittle campara- tively is known in the practical part oF medicine. A science whach, after the lapse of sotany centuries, is still justly regarded as inrits infancy. ~ hs Biel «¢ When, will thy loog minority expire ?”* | J. Reiws renville. street, Brunswick-square, May 25, 1814. as ate Rat he Cesanteene akon ens * Young. i ‘ - F SPAIN. wt : OSITIONS of the English, Spanish, . aud French Armies, in-Spain, in May 1811," wihletien seins Frontier. towards France. Barcelona, Figueiras, Pampelana, St. Se- bastian, and Fuente-Arabia, possessed by the French, having been given up to them pre-e Vious to the revolution in March, 1808." ’ ae Principality of Capalouia._.. . « Besides Barcelona and Figueiras, the towns of Leridz, Gerona, and Tortos1, are’ now oc- kupied by the French; the two latter having stood a long siege. Parragona, and’ the whole of the mountainoig part’ of the pro- vince, ate still occupiéd by the Spariards. "The army of Spain in‘ Catalonia is command- ed by General Campoverde, and amounts to abdut 144000 regulars. That of France is ‘actually under the command of Macdgnald, but it has previously, bees. commanded by. ugereans St. Cyr, .and Duhegme,, all of . -aehom, have «successively been secalled in Misgrace, 6s The provinces of Navarres, Biscay, Santander, eto eo. 28 lend Asturias, eS > Are at present all occupied by the French; . but there is a small Spanish army still on foot in Asturias, commanded by the Marquis ' gf Porlier; commonly called the Marquisito, This force’ excesds 3000 men? “Several “ Gperillas, or small flying corps in» Navarre, kontinually “harass the French army,’ in- “tercept their convoys, cotfiers, and destroy " Prede numbers of them- ‘The Commander of “the Guerillas in Navarve,:is Espos y Mina ; 3nd bis corps consists of four’. battalions, ‘Latterly, on the 42th of February, he at- tacked and destroyed two French divisions, and made a ‘thoysand prisoners. ‘The two sich vales.at Roncal:and Jioncesvalles are gfAl in the possession of the Spaniards. =~ - | STATE OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS IN MAY. i Containing official Papers and authentic Documents. _. Kingdom of Galicia. This very exteasive ‘provinces one of she ‘Most populous in Spain, Witit ics very impor= tant sea-ports of Ferrol, Corunna, and Vigas is now in the peaceable and exclusive pos= session of the Spaniards. The Spanish army is commanded ‘by General Mahy, and consists of about 20,000 ¢ffective reguiars, and would be more numerous but for want of arms and clothing. “The irregular armed peasantry is likewise very numerous, Kingdom of Arrazon. Saravossa, the capital, has een occupied by the French since its ‘Sufrender, dfte¥ tha ever memorable ‘defence’ by Palafox;> but thete’afe numerous Gyeritias Why ‘set ia it, and ‘make incursions into Castile torte great annoyance at) the enemy ji besides avsmall army of ‘4000. regulars, commanded by the Marquis de Villavampa, baths The Kingdoms of Old and New Castile ang Leon, 9 ' Are for the most part occupied by the French, but they are greatly harassed by the Guerillas.—There are no fortified places of consequence in either, of these provinces 5 and the Guerillas continually molest them. Marshal Bessieres commauds in Old Caso tile, and ‘General “Belliatd commands ia Madrid. The Spanish Guerilla in Castile, are numerous ; but the principal ones are = “First, that commanded by Juan Martin, alias B\ Empecinado,' whose “party is prine Cipally stationed in the province of Guada- Jaxaraj) and consists of about 8000 men, of whom at least 400 are cavalry; he only wants arms and ammunition to increase his force te 19,000, as he bas 7,000 men ready, dise ciplined for the purpose. : Secondly, the party of Francisquete in La Mancha; and ' Thirdly, that of Julian, in the province of Salamanca, CORR Ey ane Oye s Kiagdow ¢ \Ehe. number .of troops is uncertain. 470 Kingdoiw of Valencia,’ The French ave not am possession of any part of this very rich, populous, and éxten- give, provinee, except a small district on the borders of Catalonia, ‘The very important cities of Valencia, Alicant, Denia, and be- niscola, ave well fortified and garrisoned, The Spanish Commanders ares—At Va- fencia, the Captain-General Bassecourt, with 42,000 regulars. The head-quarteds are at Muryiedro. At. Alicant General Friarto commaitds: The garrison consists of about 4000 men, re- gulars.and militia, besides 7000 regulars about to he organized by Major-General Roche. The militia of the kingdom is:very numerous, and may be estimated at 5Oj000: Tie Kingdom of Murcia, This rich. province is also still in the poe- session of .the .Spaniards. > Phe important pmaval arsenal of Carthagena is garrisoned. The Spanish army. jn Murcia jis about 20,000 Btrong,, of. which only 15,000 are armed and elothed, and .is commanded by Gen. O’Don- nell. .There are four brothers of this namé, who are all General Officers. The head- quarters of the army are actually.at Lorca. The Kingdom of Granada Ts at present ovcupied by the French, who have garrisons. im the sca-ports of Almeira, Malaga, and Marbella. The French General Sebastiani, commands the army, but is kept in check, by the Spanish army of Murcia, which . lately. madeca: movement to La Mancha, and since then to Lorca, which, in the, first, instance, prevented ‘his tending succours to Victor before Cadiz. Andalusia Comprehends the four kingdoms ef Cordova, Jaen, Seville, and Granada, All the principal towns, except Cadiz, Ayamonte, and Alge- sirasr age occupied by the French. -The French army. occupied in the bluckade of Cadiz.is commanded by Marshals Victor and Soult. The Spanish Guerillas in the mountains of Ronde are very numerous. Their Chief Commander is the Marquis of » formerly an officer of artillery ; and the French armies are very much annoyed by then. The army of General Ballasterog; consisting of about 40,000 men; is actually at Cas- rillejos, near Ayamonte. Esiremadura Is occupied almost entirely by the English and Spaniards, who ‘are supposed to be ad- vancing upon Seville. ; The following are the names of some of the Spanish General who have either fallen in battle, or otherwise lost theit lives, or have been made prisoners in this contest :—= General Anvepo, Commander in Chief of the army of Asturias, at the battle of Es- pinosa, killed. Major-General: Marquis de San esa killed at the same battle. State of Public Affairs in May. [June 1; General Reprwe died of his monniaek ene of the battles in Catalonis, i" General Vives died of fatigue at the fire,’ deferce of Ciudad Rodrigo, whea attacked in 1809. General Mewacno, killed i in the defence of Badajos. General EsPAaNa, killed in the same siege in one of the sorties. General O’Reitey, died in Saragossa dar- ing the siege. General Phin Fox, taken as the defender of Saragossa, and carried to Fiance, where ba died. General Sn. Mancx, also, taken in Saray gossa. General ALVARrzz, Governor of Geronas It is uncertain whither he isystill a prisoner in France or dead. General the Marquis of Romana, who died of fatigue in Portugal. General ALBUQUERQUE, lately in London. General RIQUELME, killed im one of the engagements in the kingdom of Leon. who died PORTUGAL. The French having retreated before Lord Wellington, out of Portugal, his lordship laid siege to Almeida, the fron= tier town. Early this month they aty tempted its relief, hut were repulsed with considerable loss by the British army, in the way described in the follows ing Gazette Extraordinary. Dewning street, May 25, 1811, Dispatches, of which the folluwing are copies, were this day received at the Ear of Liverpool's office, addressed to his lordship by Lieutenant-general _ Lord Viscount Wellingten, K,B.,. dated Villa Formosa, 8th and 10tin of May... Villa Formosa, May 8, 4814. My Lorp—The enemy’s whole army, consisting of the 2d, 6th, and 8th, corps, and » all the cavalry which ,could be collectedin Castille and Leon, including about nine hupe,: dred of the Imperial. guard, crossed the, Agueda at Ciudad Rogriga on the 2d instant., The battalions of the 9th corps had been joined to the regiments. ta which they, be~ longed in the other three corps, excepting a division consisting of battalions belonging ta regiments in the corps doing duty in Anda- , lnsia; Which division likewise formed part. of thearmy. ., As my object i mn | maintaining a position bee tween the Cua and the Agucda, after, the: - enemy had. retired ’frora the former, was to, blockade Almeida, which place I had learnt,. from intercepted letters and other informay tion, was ill supplied with provisions for. ite garrison, and, as the enémy were. infinitely Superior to us in-cavalry, I did not give any. opposition to their mach, aad they. paasedibe ‘ aye Win). Azava on that evening in the neighbourhood \of Espeja, Carpio, and Gallegos. 4 They continued their march on the 3d in the mora‘ng towards the Duas Casas, in three; columns, two of them consisting of the 2d, and 8th corps, to the neighbourhood of Alameda and Fort Conception, and the third, consisting of the whole of the cavalry and the 6th, and that part of the 9th corps which hed not already been drafted into the other ehrees 38" - The allied army hed been cantoned along the river Duas Casas, and on the sources of the Azava, ‘the light division at Gallegos and; Espeja. This last fell back upon Fuentes de Honor, on the Duas Casas, with the British cavalry, in proportion as the enemy advanced, and the ist, 34, and. 7th, divisions were col- Jected at that place; and the 6th division, under Major-general Campbell, observed the bridge at Alameda; and Major-general Sir William Erskine, with the 5th division, the passages of the Daas Casis, at Fort Concep- tion, and Aldea D’Obispo. EBrigadier-general Pack’s brigade, with the queen’s regiment from the 6th division, kept the blotkade of Almeida; and I had prevailed upon Don Julian Sanchez to occupy Nave D’Aver with his corps of Spanish cavalry and infantry. The light division wer€ Moved in the evens ing to join General Campbell, upon finding that tite enemy! were in strength in that quar- ter;¢andothey were’ brought: back again to Fuentes de Honor on the morning of the Sth, when ‘it was found that thesgeh-corps hati joined the 6th on the enemy's left. > Shortly after the enemy had fermed on the ground on the right of the Duas Casas,,on the afternoon of the, 3d, they attacked, witha large force the Village of Fuentes de Honor, which. was defended in a most gallant wanner by Lieuténant-colonel Williams of the 5th béttulion, 60th regiovent, in command of the geaeral Picton’s division, supported by the ight infantry battalion in Major-general Nightingall’s: brigade, commanded by Major Dick, of the 42d regiment, and the light in- fantry battalion in’ Major-genera) Howard’s brigade, cormmanded by Major M‘Donnell, of the 92d regiment, ‘and the light infantry bat- talion’ of the King’s German Legion, com. manded by Majur Ally, of the 3d batealion of the Sine, and by the 2d batralion of the 83d seginvent under Major Carr. These troops saintained their’ position; but, Having obs served the repeared efforts which the ehemy were making to obtain possession of the vil- Jage, and being aware of the advantage which they would derive from the possession in their stbsequent operations, I reinforced the village ‘sutcestively wich the 71st regiment, under the Honourable’ Lieutenant-colonel Cadogen, and the 79th, under Licutenant- colonel Cameron,-and the 24th regiment, under Mejor Chamberlin,: The former, at the bead of the 7 ist regiment, charged the _ State of Public Affairs in May. 471 enemy, and drove them from the part of the village of which they had obtained a momen tary possession. c . Nearly at this. time /Lieutenant-coloned Williams, was unfortunately wounded, but hope not dangerously, and the! command de- volved. upon Lieutendnt-colenel Cameron of the 79th regiment. The contest continued till nighty when ourtroops remained in poss session of the whole. - I then withdrew the light infantry batta- lions and the 83d regiment, leaving the 7ist and 79th regiments’ only-in the village, and the 2d battalion 24th regiment to’ support them. N On the 4th the enemy~reconnoitred the” positions which we) had -octupied-oa the Duas Casas rivers and during that night they mored. General ) Junut’s corps from Alameda to the left of the position occupied by'the Griz Cospsy Opposite to-Fuentes de Honor: , From the course of the reconnbissance of the 4th, I had imagiaed that ‘the efemy would, endeavour \to obtain possession of Fuentes de Honor, and of the grovnd otcue pied by the trocps behind that village, by crossing the’ Duas Casas at Peya Veli; and’ in. the evening Lomoved thes ?th division; under Major-general Houston, ’to the right, ‘in order,\if pessible,yto protect that passaye. On. the morning of the Sth, the 8th corps - appearedyin. two -columns,:with’ all the ¢32 valry, onthe opposite sideof the vailey of - the Duas) Casas to-PoyaVeliios and, a3 the 6th and 9th corps also made a moveinent® te their left, the light division; which had bee’ brought back fromtheneizhbourhood of Aia- meda, was sent with the cavalry under! Sir Stap!eton Cotton to: sujodrt Major-ceneral Houstoun, iwhile the: ast’ and *Sa° divisjong Made a movement to:theic) right along the , tidge; between thes Vutonand Daas? Oasa- ,Tiyers; corresponding to that of the 6th acd light infantry battalions belonging to’ Majors © 9th corps, onsthe right of the Duas'Casas. 72>.” (The.8th’ corps» attatked»-Majotigencrat Houstoun’s advanced guard, consisting of -ftie ~ “Bath. tegiment ander Mijor Mé«imosh, and the -2d, Portuguese Cacadores yunder! ‘bieutes nant-calonel Nixon, and: obliged chem torres tine ;.and they retired in gcodrorder, althoug & with. some loss. The. Sthicorpsbeitg thos established, in Poya’ Velioy>the® enemys cavalry turned. the right of-the 7th division between Poya Velho aud Nave ‘DD? Aver, from which Jast place Doa Julian Sanchez hed been obliged to xetire; and) the cavalry charged, : py ghiniegh © The charge of the advasged ‘guard: of ‘the enemy's, cavalty owas amet byytwo> or! thtes squadrons of the <¢ificrent:reginients of Brie tish. dragoons,. and. the: enemy) were driven back, and.Cvlonel La, Motte of the Sth chasseurs, and. some prisoners taken, o Phe main body were checked and obliged tometirs ‘by the fire of Major-ceneral Houstoun’s di- vision 5 2nd I particularly observed tie Chad- seurs Britanniques under Lieutenant-colonal ; Eustace “72 Eustace, as behaving in the most’ steady» manner, and Major general Houstoun men- tions in hightterms the conduct of a detach- ment of the Duke of Brunswick’s light in- fantvy. Notwithstanding that. this charge was repulsed, J deterthined to concentrate our. force towares the left, and to move the 7th and light divisions, and the cavalry frorn Poya Veilio towards Fuentes de Honor, and the other two divisions, TI had) eccupied Poya Velho and that neighbourhodd, in hopes that L should be able to maintain the communication across the Coa by Sabugal, as well as provide for the blockade, which objects, it was now obvious, were incompatible with each other, and I therefore abandoned that which was the least important, .and placed the light division tn xeserve, in the rear of the left of the 1st di- vision, and the 7th division on some comn- mnanding ground beyond the Turon, which protected the right flank and rezr of the 1st division, and coveted our communication with the Coa, and prevented that of the enemy with Almeida, by the roads between the Turon and that river. The movement of the troops upon this eccasion was well conducted, although under very critical citcums:ances, by Major. general Houstoun, Brigadier general Craufurd, and Lieutenant general Sir Stapleton Cotton. ‘She 7th division was covered in its passage of the Turon, by the light aivision under Bri- gadier-general Evabstusd, ‘and this last, in its march tojoin,the 1st division, by the British cavalry. Our position thus cctnled on the high greund from the Turon to the Duas Casas, The 7th division, on the left of the Turon, govered the rear of the right; the dst division, im two lines, were on the right; Colonel “ Ashwonrth’s brigade, in two lines, in the cen- tre; and the 3d division, in two lines, on the left. The light division and British cavalry in resetve; and the village of Fuentes de Honor in tront cf the left. Don Julian's - infantry joined the 7th division in Freneda; end I sent him with his cavalry to endeavour fo interrupt the enemy’s communication with Ciudad Kodrigo,. The enemy's efforts on she right part of our position, after it was occupied as I have above described, were con+ fined. to a cannonade, and to some charges with their cavalry upon the advanced posts. The Picquets of the dst division under Lieutenant-colonel Hill, of the Sd regiment of guards, repulsed one of these; but, as they were ialling back, they did not see the direc- tion of another in sufficient time to ferm to wppose* it, ard Lieutenant-colonel Hill was taken prisoner, and many men were wounded and seme taken, before a detachment of the British cavalry could move up to their support. : The 2d battalion, 49d° regiment, under Lord Blantyye, also repulsed a charge of the savalry directed against theme Stale of Public Affairsin May. [une 1 They likewise attempted. to push a body of light infantry down the Ravine of the Turom to the right of the 1st division, which were repulsed'by the light infantry of the Guards,’ under Lieutenant colonel ‘Guise, aided by. five companies of thé 95th under Captaim O Hara. Major-géneral Nightingall was wounded. in the course of the cannonade, but E hope not sevetely, The enemy’s principal’ effort _was throvgh out this day again directed against Fuentes de Honor ; and, notwithstanding that the whote of the 6th corps was at different periods of the. day employed to attack this village, they could never gain more than a temporary pos- session of it. Et was defended by the 24th, 71st, and 79th, regiments, under the command of Colonel Cameron; and these troopswere supported by the light infantry battalions ia the 3d division, commanded by Major Wood- gate ; the light infantry battalions in the ise division, commanded by Major Dick, Major Macdonald, and Major Ally ; the 6th Portu- guese Cagadores, commanded by Major Pinto; by the light companies in Colonel Chample- monde’s Portuguese brigade under Colonel Sutton; and those tm Colonel Ashworth's Portuguese brigade under Lieutenant-colonei Pynn ; and by the picquets of the 3d division, under the command of the Honorable Lieu- tenant-colonel Trench. Lieutenant-colonet Cameron was severely wounded in the after- noon, and the command in the village de- volved upon the Hon. hack enanincalge Cadogan. The troops in Fuentes de skein were be- sides supported, when pressed by the enemy, by the 74th regiment under Major Russek By Manners, and the 88th regiment under Lieu . tenant- colonel Waltace, belonging to Colonck Mackiunon’s brigade ; and on one of these occasions the 88th, with the 71st and 79th, under the command of Colonel Mackinnon, charged the enemy, and drove them through the’ village ; and Colonel Mackinnon has re- ported particularly the conduct of Lieutenant= colonel Wallace, Brigade-major Wilde, and Lieutenant and Adjutant Stewart of the 88th regiment. The contest again lasted in this quarter till night, when our troops still held their post; aud from that time the enemy have made.no fiesh attempt on any part of-our position. The enemy. manifested an intention to. attack Majot-general Sir W. Erskine’s post, at Aldea del Bispo on the same morning, with a part of the 2d corps; but the Major-generat sent the 2d battalion of the Lusitanian legion across the ford of the Duas Casas, whicia obliged them to retire. In the course of last night the enemy commenced to retire from their position on the Duss Casas ; and this morningat day-light the whole were in motion. I cannot yet de- cide whether this movement is preparatory to some fresh attempt te raise the ee: Q 1812.) of Almeida, or is one of decided retreat; but 1 have every reason to hope, that they wilt not succeed in the first, and that they will be obliged to have recourse to the last. Their superiority in cavalry is very great, ewing to’ the weak state of our horses from recent fatigue and scarcity of forage; and the reduction of numbers in the Portuguese brigade of cayalry with this part of the army, in exchange for a British brigade sent into Estremadura with, Marshal Sir William Be- resford, owing to the failure of the measures reported to have been adopted to supply the horses and men with food on the service. The.result of a general action brought on by P: attack upon the enemy by us might, under these circumstances, have been doubtful ; and if the enemy had chosen to avold it, or ifthey had metit, they would have taken ad- vantage of the collection of our troops to fight this action, to throw relief into Almeida. “From the great.superiority of force to which we have been opposed upon this oc- casion your lordship will judge of the conduct of the officers and troops. The actions were partial, but very severe; and our loss has been great, The enemy’s loss has also been great ; and they left 400 killed in the village of Fuentes de Honor, and we have many Prisoners. _U particularly request your lordship’s at- tention to the conduct of Lientenant-colonel iiams, Lieutenant-colonel Cameron, and the Hoa. Lieutenant-colonel Cadogan, and to that of Colonel Mackinnon, and Lieutenant- colonel Kelly of the 24th regiment, and of the several officers commanding battalions of of the line and of light infantry, which sup- ported the troops in Fuentesde Honor. Like- ‘wise to that of Major M‘Intosh of the 85th regiment; of Lieutenant-colonel Nixon of the %4 Cacadores; of Lieutenant-colonel Eustace of the Chasseurs Britanniques ; and of Lord Blantyre. _ . Throughout these operations I have received the §rgatest assistance from Licutenant-gene- ral_Sir Brent Spencer, and aJl the general _ Officers of the army 3 and from the adjutant and quarter master-general, anc the officers of their several departments, and those of amy personal staff. From intelligence from Marshal Sir Wil- liam Beresford, I learn that he has invested Badajoz, on the left of the Guadiana 3 and is moving their stores for the attack of the place, , __T have the honour to inform you thes the intelligence has been confirmed, that Joseph onaparte passed Valladolid, un bis way to Paris, onthe 27th of April. It is not de- nied by the French officers that he is gone ‘$0 Paris, .. (Signed) WELLINGTON. aioe é _ Villa’ Fermosa, Way 10, 1811. My Lorp, epeaicn! : The enemy retired on the 8th to the Woods between Espeja Gallegos and Fuentes de Hoe Montury Mag. No. 213, State of Public Affairs in May. 473 nor,. in which position the whole army were collected on that» day and »yesterday, with the exception of that part of the second corps which continued opposite Alameda. © Last niglit the whote broke up and retired across the Azava, covering their retreat by their numerous’ cavalry; and chis iay the w.ole have retired across the Agueda, leaving Als meida to its fate. mo piys The second corps retired by the bridge of ' Barba del Pueno, andthe ford of Vala? Espino on the Agueda. , C Our advanced) posts are upon; the Azava and on the Lower Agueda; and the army will be to-morrow in the cantonments on the Duas Casas. (Signed) WELLINGTON. GREAT BRITAIN. n “At home, the legislatare has conti- nued its activity, but without nieecting the wishes of a large portion of the pub- lic.. Str SamuEL Romitey’s jadicious and humane Bills for diminishing the punishment of Death, were rejected ia the House of Lords, after passing in the Commons. . Lord .Sidmouth’s attempt to infringe on the Toleration Act, has, - however, beet rejected, and the debate was distinguished by some liberal opi- nions of the Archbishop of Canterbury, which do great honour to that amiable charchman. In the Commons ‘the mi- nister required a loan of twelve millions, which he effected in the city on better’ terms than, could have been expected. Taxes to raise about one million were laid chiefly. on, wash. Various unsuc- cessful motions were made for reforms of abuses by Messrs, Brand, Burdett, Folkestone, Whitbread, and others. |. ‘During the current, month -and, for many mouths past, the public mind has, been deeply occupied by. the state-of. the currency. Guineas, with reference to paper, have risen to 27s, or 28s.; arid. Bank notes, with reference to suinedas, have consequently fallen below 15s. and in foreign countries are not estimated higher than 12s... Most commodities, in consequence, are acquiring a paper and a cash price ; and even the public funds, the paper price of which is 66, have at a> cash price, fallen to 60! Gold and silver are, however, scarcely to be pro- cured for paper with any,coneession, and they have; im fact, totally disappeared from circulation, all small ‘transactions taking place in copper money, and all retail trade being at a stand ‘for, want of smail change. ya There appearing to be no fimit to the depreciation of paper money, if means were not adopted to prevent it, Parlia- ment took into cousideration on the 6th, 3P the 474 the famous report of the Bullion Com- mittee, which appeared in our last sup- plement, and the consideration led to’ one of the Songest debates known since. the revolution, One set of resolutions were moved by Mr. Horner, in a speech of unequalled ability, and another by Mr. VansirTant, on the part of the ministry. Mr. Horner was supported by Messrs. H. Tuornton, Witserrorce, Hus- xisson, Burvert, Wuirtpreap, G. Jounsrone, W. Suitu, Trerney, Ba-: RING, Parnect, Canninc, Marriott, and Suarp; and Mr. Vansittart’s by Messrs. Rost, Prercrvat, Dep. Gov. Mawnninco, Turton, Lone, Castre- REAGU, and Futter. the committee were outvoted by 151 against 75; and on Mr. Horner's reso- lution for the Bank to pay cash in two years by 180 against45. Of course Mr. Vansittart’s resolutions were passed with- out a division ! As the last resolutions are entered on the Journals of the House, and are very long, we feel it necessary to record here only those of Mr. Horner. 4. That the only money: which can be le- gally tendered in Great Britain, for any sum) above twelve-pence in the whole, is made, either of goldorsilver ; and that the weight standard, and denomination, at which any Such money is authorized to pass current, is fixed, under his Majesty’s prerogative, ac- cording to law. 2. That since the 45d year of the reign of Queen Elizabeth, theindentures of his Majes- ty’s Mint have uniformly directed that all silver used for coin should consist’ of 11 oz. 2 dwts, of fine silver and 18 dwts. of alloy in each pound troy, and that the said pound troy should be divided into sixty-two shillings, or jnto other coins in that proportion. 3. That, since the 15th year of the reign of King Charles the Second, the indentures of his Majesty’s Mint have uniformly di- rected, that all gold used for coin should consist of 11 oz. of pure goldand 1 oz. of alloy of each pound troy ; and that the said pound troy should be divided and coined into forty- four guineas and one half guinea, or into other coins in that proportion. 4. That by a proclamation of the 4th year of the reign of King George the First, it was ordered and directed, that guineas and the se- veral other gold coins therein named, should be current at the rates and values then set upon them, viz. the guinea at the rate of 21s. and other gold coins in the same pro- portion 5 thereby establishing, that the gold and silver coins of the realm should be a legal tender in all money payments, anda standard measure for ascertaining the value of all con- State of Public Affairs in May, On a division, {June fy, tracts for the payment ‘of monéy, in the res lative proportion of 152A Soy lbs. weight of ' sterling silver to one pound of sterling gold. 5. That by a statute of the 14th year of the reign of his present Majesty, subsequently revived and made perpetual by a statute of’ the 59th year of his reign, it is enacted, That no tender in payment of money made in the silver coin of this realm, or any sum excecd- | ing the sum of 251. at one time, shall be re- puted in law, or allowed to te a legal tender, within Great Britain or Ireland, for more than according to its value by weight, after the rate of 5s. 2d. for eachaounce of silver. 6. That by a proclamation of the 16th_ year of the reign of his present Majesty, cone firmed by several subsequent proclamations, ' it was ordered and directed, that if the weight of any guinea shallibe less than 5 dwts. 8 grs, ' such guinea shall cease to be a legal tender for the payment of any money within Great’ Britain or Ireland ; and so in the same pro- portion for any other gold coin. 7. That under these laws (which consti ‘ tute the established policy of this realm, in regard to money,) no contract or undertaking for the payment of money, stipulated to be paid in pounds sterling, or in good and lawful ‘money of Great Britain, can be legally satise fied and discharged, in gold coin, unless the ' coin tendered shall weigh in the proportion of $¢ parts of 5 dwts. 8 grs. of standard gold for each pound sterling, specified in the said con- tract ; nor in silver coin, for asum exceeding 25]. unless such coin shall weigh in the pro- portion of 29 of a pound troy of standard silver for each pound sterling specified in the con- tract. 8. That the promissory notes of the Bank of England are stipulations to pay, on de- mand, the sum-in pounds ste¢ling, ‘respecte tively specified in each of the said notes, 9. That when it was enacted by the autho- rity of Parliament, that the payment of the promissory notes of the Bank of England in cash should for a time be suspended, it was not the intention of Parliament that any al- teration whatsoever should take place in the value of such promissory notes. 10. That it appears, that the actual value of the promissory notes of the Bank of Eng- land (measuring such value by weight of standard gold and silver as aforesaid) has been, for a considerable period of time, and still is, considerably less than what is established by the laws of the realm to be the legal tender in payment of any money contract or stipu- lation. 11. That the fall which has thus taken place in the value of promissory notes of the Bank of England, and in that of the country bank paper which is exchangeable for it, has been’ occasioned by too abundant issue of paper currency, both by the Bank of Eng land and the country banks; and that. this excess has originated from the want of that check and controul on the issues of the Bank i 111.) ef England, whichexisted before the suspen- sion of cash payments. : 12. That it appears, that the exchanges with foreign parts have, for a considerable period of time, been unfavourable to th's country in an extraordinary degree, 43. That, : although the adverse circum- stances of our trade, together with the large amount of our military expenditure abroad, may have contributed to render our exchanges with the continent of Europe unfavourable; yet the extraordinary degree in which the exchanges have been depressed for so long a period, has been, in a great measure, occa- sioned by the depreciation which has taken _ place in the relative value of the currency of “this country, as compared with the money _ of foreign countries. ,. 14. That, during the continuance of the suspension of cash payments, it is the duty ef the directors of the Bank of England to Incidents in and near London. 475 advert td the state of the foreign exchanges, as well as to the price of bullion,.with a view to regulate the amount of their issues. 15. That the only certain and adequate security to be provided against an excess of paper currency, and for maintaining the relative value of the circulating medium of ~ the realm, is-the legal convertibility, upon demand, of all paper currency into the lawful coin of the realm, 16. That, inorder to revert gradually to this security, and to enforce mean-while a due limitation of the paper of the Bank of Eng- land, as well as.of all the other bank paper of the country, it is expedient to amend the act, which suspends the cash payments of the Bank, by altering the time till which the suspension shail continue, from six months after the ratification of a definitive treaty of peace, to that of two years from the present time. EE TE RE CL TD : INCIDENTS, MARRIAGES, anp DEATHS, rn axnp NEAR LONDON: ~ With Biographical Memoirs of distinguished Characters recently deceased, <= qT" consequence of the parish of St. Luke having introduced a bill into parliament, during the present Session, requiring the Publication, by the Magistrates of Middlesex, Of an amount of the monies expended for the County rate, which is paid by the different parishes out of the poor’s rates and "has in- creased to the annual sum of about 30,0001. the Magistrates for that county have _made an order that an abstract of the accounts should be annually printed, anda copy of them delivered to the churchwardens and overseers of every parish throughout the sounty- Additional tolls of one penny on carriages, and half-penny on horses, will be levied at all turnpikes on the 7th of June next. The Commissioners of Hyde Park Turnpike, have in consequence let their tolls by auction, to the former lessees, for 17,0001. per an- num. At the expiration of the present Crown leases, which will be in about three years, the houses in Pall Mall, from the corner of Market lane, to the Hay-Market, are to be pulled down, anda grand front, under the direction of an eminent architect, is to be formed to the Opera House, upon the site. This will be an improvement long wanted. Between two and three o’clock in the morning of Saturday, April 20ch, a dreadful fire broke out in the house occupied by Mr. Ggullee, pork-butcher, corner of Half-Moon- ' 7 street, Bishopsgate-street, London. The mo« ment the flames. burft forth in the lower apartments, the alarm of fire was given from without by some passengers; but such pro- gress had the fire made, it was too late to save the lives of most of the devoted inha- bitants. The family consisted of Mr, Goullee, his wife, three children, the nurse, a maid servant, shop boy, and a waiter of the Lon- don Tavern and his wife, who were lodgers on the first Moor. The two latter only were awakened by the noise, and they had the good fortune to escape with their bed to the window of the firft floor, which they threw on the pavement, for the purpose of throwing themselves uponit. ‘The wife first made a leap, and, falling on the bed, did net receive the slightest injury 5 her husband inftantly followed. Of the rest of the iamily nothing was seen, but the populace heard their crieg at intervals. This was but for a short time, for the floor giving way, the whole of this unfortunate family perished in the burning ruins. It is not known how the fire ori- ginated. The annual Meeting of the British and Foreign Bible Society was held on the first of May, and did not fall short in interest of any of the former Meetings. . The expenditure of the Society in diffusing the Scriptures in vatious nations, and in every quarter of the globe, amounts for the last year to 50,0001.; and the number -f Bibles distri- buted,-to one half of the whole nuinber dis- perted ‘ 476 ' persed in the six preceding years. The sum of 40001. was announced as received from the Liverpool Auxiliary Society ; and a large sum from Manchester. May 9th, the foundation-stone of the New Briage on the Thames, from Milbank to Vauxhall, was laid with great ceremony, in presence of a vast concourse of spectators. ‘The Prince Regent was prevented attending, but was represented by Lord Dundas, who officially christened the new pile, ** Regent’s Bridge.” This Bridge will be built, exter- nally, of a most durable Scotch granite; the ornaments and finishings of Portldnd stone. Tt will be a straight bridge, like those of antiquity, and will consist of seven arches— “the central one of 110 feet span, the‘others diminishing in size to 90 feet at the ends. The water-way will be 702 feet, and the whole extent 920 feet. It will icke about five years in completion. In addition to the 100,0001. voted by Par- liament to the suffering Portuguese, sub- scriptions, which already amount to a very large sum, have been opened in London, and all the other considerable towns in the kingdom are following the example of the metropolis. : The committee under the Act passed in the Jast session of parliament for rebuilding the ‘Jate Theatre Royal, Drury-lane, destroyed by fire in the month of February, 1809, having been for a considerable time anxiously em- ployed inthe investigation and arrangement of the affairs of the Jate Theatre, are arrived at that point when they deem themselves au- thorised to lay before the public the following proposals:—Jt is proposed to raise a fund not exceeding 300,0001. (the sum limited by the said Act) upon the conditions and under the yegulations therein mentioned, in shares of 4001. each. Every subscriberjof five shares and upwards to be entitled to a personal jree admission. It appears to the committee that the fund they are empowered to raise will be fully adequate to the purposes of set- tling with the claimants in the first instance, and of rebuilding a theatre of substantial con- Struction and moderate size, and that the pro- bible receipts, calculated on good grounds, will be sufficient to cover the expenses and interest, with a fair prospect of profit upon the shares. ‘The subscribers are by the Act, erected into a joint stock company, so that each subscriber is liable only for the amount ef his share, and the shares are transferable by assignment. The Theatre, with its ape purtenances, and all the buildings and ground comprehended ijn the lease from the Duice of Hiedtord, together with the patents, will be- come the property of the said jeint stock come pany. Itis further provided in the said Act, that at a general meeting of the subscribers, ** a dulland distinct statement cf the arrangement Incidents in and near London. [June 1; proposed by the committee, and assented te by the claimants and proprietors of the late Drury-lane property, ‘shall be’ submitted ta the said general meeting for their consent and approbation ; and any subscriber disagreeing from such statement, shall be at liberty to withdraw his subscription and felinquish all share and interest in the undertaking” In pursuance of the provision of the Act above recited, the committee will appoint a general meeting of the new subscribers on the earliest day possible, whose assent to the plan proposed, until ratified at such meeting, will be conditional only, and subject to their own revision and option of withdrawing their subscriptions, if upon the statements made they shall think fit so todo. Ten per cent. on the amount of the share sub- scribed to be paid at the time of subscrib- ing, to the account of Samuel Whitbread, Peter Moore, and Harvey Christian Combe, esqrs, the trustees named in the Act for that spe- cial purpose, and to be by them vested in exchequer bills, bearing interest for the be- nefit of the subscribers, until the funds under the sanction of the general meeting of the subscribers shall be required by the commirtee empowered by the said Act, to carry the pur- poses of the Act into execution; who will then give notice of the periods of payments of the other instalments, The committee under the Act will receive and consider of plans, estimates, and proposals for contracts for building a new Theatre, addressed to the chairman of the committee, at Peter Moore’s, esq. Great George-street, Westminster, The first deposits, with the accruing in- terest, to be returned conformably to the Act, in the event of any thing occurring so as to disappoint the present arrangement, and pres vent the plan being carried into execution according to the provisions of the said Act, Books for subscrigtions are open, and the deposits received at the principal banking- houses, The society for the discharge and relief of persons imprisoned for smal] debts have made their annual report: the number of debtors discharged and relieved within the last year, amount to 769, who had 533 wives, and 1536 children.—The average expence of their li- beration is 41. 16s. 1d. each, It has been given in evidence before the committee of the House of Commons, to whom the Bill for a new proposed Southwark bridge was referred, that the average loss of property was from 20 to 30,0001. annually at London bridge, besides about 30 lives year; that this was occasioned by the bad construction of that bridge, which was ina state of decay, there being twa large rents in one of the principal piers, and that ic was very probable the whole would shortly come tumbling into the river; in which case the tivey ik 11] | river would overflow its banks, and the flat country on the south side be inundated for miles, An afflicting detail hes been laid on the table of the House of Commons, in conse- quence of the humane endeavours of Sir Samuel Romilly to modify our Penal Laws. It is areturn of the number of commitments for trial in the years 1805-6-7-8, and 1309, distinguishing the crimes, convictions, and sentences. In London and Middlesex alone, it appears, that the numbers were: Committed. Indicted. Convicted, 4205 — 980 — .951 —. 558 1806 — 899. — 755 — 475 1807. ——> 1017;..—»; 980, 542 1808 — 1110 .— 1074 — ,619 1809 — 1242 — 1197 — 750 In this melancholy table the gradual in- crease of crimes and convictions for the last three years is very remarkable; and we fear that the evil may be traced to the pressure of the times, for we observe that it is under the head of /arceny, that the increase of crimes is chiefly to be found. To give an idea of the number of commitments, trials, and con- victions for all England; we subjoin the re- turo for the year 1809: Committed, Indict. Convict, Execute Home circuit. . 568. 332 905° 17 Oxford ditto 969 962 — 154 2 Western ditto . 267 %55 152 A Midland ditto . 293 Yvl4. 134 b Norfollc ditto oie i cata 70 3 Worthern ditto’. 108 98 49 7 Worth Wales ditto 1 1 _-_ — Brecon ditto . 10 10 5 — Carmarthen ditto’ 18 15 a Lancashire ditto 105 96 Bory 1s Durham. “apap 5 2 = ice é . 1242 1197 750 7 9740 9601 1577 57 The monument erected tothe memory of Lord Nelson, in Guildhall, being com- pleted, is now opened for public inspection. Jn the back ground is seen a pyramid, sup- posed to be the tomb of the immortal Nel- gon, decorated with naval trophies, the fruit of his victorics; while the female figure in the centre (personating the.city of London) fn grateful remembrance of the signal ser- vices he rendered to his country, perpetuztes the memory of his great actions to posterity, and finishes witn admiration the record of his Vist glorious achievement off Trafalgar. Bri- tannia on the Jeft, Supported by a lion (the symbol of unshaken courage), is pensively weusing over a portrait of the conqueror, and in silent grief deplores her loss. ‘Lhe recum- Bent figure in the fore ground, representing the ocean, roused by the fame of his heroic ections, participates in Britannia’s sorrow and regret fox the hero’s fate. The naval Encidents in and near London. 477 action in front of the pedestal, exhibits the situation of the fleet towards the conclusion of the battle, when the; hero was mortally wounded by a shot from the main-top of a 74, with which the Victory appears to be closely engaged, Inthe niches two British seamen, with implements of war and navi gation, hear with deep concern the fate of their beloved hero. The monument is adorned by the following inscription, froma the pes of the Right Honourable R. Brinsley Sheridan; ; TO HORATIO, Viscount and Baron NELSON, Vice-Admiral of the White, and Knight of the most Honourable Order of the Bath, A man amongst the few who appear At different periods to have been created To promote the grandeur, and add to the security of nations ; Inciting by their high examples their fellowes mortals, through all succeeding times, To pursue the course that leads to the exaltation of our imperfect nature. PROVIDENCE, That implanted in Nelson’s breast an ardeng passion for renown, As -bounteously endowed him with the trans scendant talents necessary to the great purposes He was destined to accomplish, Atan early period of life He entered into the naval seryice of his country, And early were the instances which marked The fearless nature and enterprize of hig character + Uniting in the loftiest spisit, and the justes¢ title to self-confidence, — A strict and humble obedience to The sovereign ryle of discipline and subore dination. Rising by due gradation to command, He infused into the bosoms of those he led The valorous ardour and enthusiastic zeal for the service of his King and Country, Which animated his. own; ‘ And while he acquired the love of all, By the sweetness and moderation of his temper, He inspired an universal confidence Tn the never-failing resourses of his capacious mind, It will be for History to relate The many great exploits, through which, Solicitous of peril, und regardless of wounds, He became the glory of his profession! But it belongs to this brief record of his ilJustrion@ career to say, That he Comnianded and Conquered At the Battles of the NILW and COPEN- HAGEN, : Victories 478 Victories never before equalled, > Yet afterwards surpassed by his own last achievement, The BATTLE of TRAFALGAR! Fought on the 21st of October, in the year 1805. ON THAT DAY, Before the conclusion of the Action 5 He Fell, mortally wounded! But the sources of Life and Sense failed not until it was known to him that the Destruction of the enemy being completed, The glory of his Country and his own had , attained their summit 5 Tken laying his hand on bis brave heart, With a look of exalted resignation to the will OF THE Supreme Disposer of the fate of man and nations, HE EXPIRED. "The Lord-Mayor, Aldermen, and Common- Council, of the city of London, _ Have caused this Monument to be erected 5 Wot in the presumptuous hope of sustaining the departed Hero’s memory, But to manifest their estimation of the Man, And their admiration of his deeds. This testimony of their gratitude, they trust, will remain as long As their own renowned city shall exist. THE PERIOD TO NELSON’s FAME can only be the End of > Time. The committee appointed to carry into’ ex- ecution the resolution ef the Lord Mayor, Aldermen, and Common Council, of the city. ef London, for erecting a statue of his Ma- jesty (in marble) in the Council Chamber at Guildhall, have adopted the model of Mr. Chantrey, which represents his Majesty Standing in his robes, in the act of answering an address of the city of London, which ad- dress he holds in his left hand, inthe form of a scroll, marked with the city arms.—In the back ground is a pediment, on which are de- cribed the emblems of commerce, agri- culture, the arts, and manufactures: and the pediment supports the globe, on which are delineated the tracks observed by the prin- ’ cipal circumnavigators of the present reign, encircled by the British flag. ©This emblem is characteristic of the triumphant command the British flag possesses in every part of the world, the natural and necessary consequence _ of the splendour of our naval superiority. The figure of his Majesty is graceful and well proportioned. Mr. Chantrey has also been particularly happy in the choice of his em- blems, and pays a well-merited compliment to our Sovereign for that liberal pretection which his Majesty has extended tothe finearts. MARRIED, At St. Michael Bassishaw, Mr. F. G. Marriages and Deaths in and near London. [June ?, Amici, of Basinghall-street, to Elizabeth, eldest daughter of Charles Hicks, esq. of Finsbury Square. ; At St. Margaret’sy; Westminster, Lievte« nant-colonel Hugh Sutherland, to Anny daughter of the late Hector Mackay, esq. of Streatham. At St. Leonard’s, Shoreditch, Mr. John Parkinson, of Kingsland-road, to Diana, se+ cond daughter of James Chappell, esq. At Mary-le-bone, the Rev. George Mure ray, to Lady Sareh Maria Hay.—-Robert Bateson, esq. of Belvoir Park, in the county of Down, only son of Thomas Bateson, esqy of Orange Field, in, the same county, to Catherine, youngest daughter of Samucl Dickson, ,esq..of the county of Limerick. William Wilkins, esq. of Manchester-streety architect, to Miss Alicia Murphy, of New Cavendish-street. ; At St. George’s, Hanover-square, H. T. King, esq. of Soho-square, to Miss Knight, of Sloane-street. f At St. James’s, Mr. George Bedford, of Bath, to Olivia Frances, only daughter of Colonel Smith, of the Island of St. He- lena. At St. Martin’s in the Fields, Mr. P. Whit- worth, youngest son of William W. esq. of Aswardby, Lincolnshire, to Miss Harriet Cooper, of Grantham. At St. Giles’s in the Fields, William, second son of George Ward, esq. of Beile Vue, Isle of Wight, to Emily, filth daughter of H. C. Combe, esq. M. P. . At St. Margaret’s, Westminster, Edwin Corbett, esq. major in the Cheshire militia, to Anne, second daughter of John Black. burne, esq. M. P. for Lancashire. — Wm. Ed- ward Tomline, esq- to Frances, only daughter of the late John Amler, esq- of Ford Hall, Shropshire. At Deptford, Mr. Samuel Ralph, surgeon, of Tunbridge, to Miss Dornford, one of the the grand-daughters of the late Josiah D. esq. At Lambeth, Thomas Hayter, esq. of Brixton-hill, to Miss Wooding- At Lewisham, Hanson Berry, esq. eldest son of Sir Jolin Berry, bart. te Elizabeth Ann, daughter of Henry Tahourdin, esq. of Sy- denham. : At Newington, the Rev. Edward Andrews, of Romford, to Miss Bayley, daughter of the late P. B. esq. of Nantwich, Cheshire. At St. George’s, Southwark, - William Mackay, M. D. of the Royal Navy, to Ame- lia, youngest daughter of the late J, C. Des bell, esq. of Bath. > Rafael de Cruz Guerriero, secretary of legation from the Prince Regent of Portugal to the court of London, to Evelyn Palyarty daughter of Ignatius P, esq. of Bedford Place, Russel Square. nei DIED. 36 0 DIED. ‘In Jersey, Lieutenant Fletewood, of the Royal Navy, agent for transports in that island. Lieutenant’ F. was, till lately, charged with the superintendance of the transport service at Lisbon; but, in conse- quence of a misunderstanding between him and the admiral, commanding on that station, arising out of a subject highly creditable to the heart of the lieutenant, he was super- seded. This circumstance so deeply affected his mind, as toimpel him to commit suicide, by cutting his throat. On his table were found three letters: one for a captain in the Royal Navy; the second for the lieutenant of the Grosney signal-post, hinting at the cause of the catastrophe, begging him to take care of his dear children (his wife being dead), to give them what money was due to him; and also requesting him to see his remains decently interred. This desire was faithfully executed. -The third was addressed to his motber, whos¢ affiction is heightened by the circumstance of its not having been forwarded to her. This officer, having entered at an early age into the Royal Navy, had served his country in some- of the most brilliant engagements, and in various parts of the world, during the late and present contest. LEnthusiastically devoted to his profession, he had acquired a degree of nautical skill and experience, very rarely equalled at his age, and a readiness of resource which raised him above every emergency. With -these qualities he combined a high sense of honour and unshaken integrity 5 so that his premature decease may truly be de- plored asa public loss, In Charterhouse Square, relict of William R. esq. 69. At Dulwich, Edward Browne, esq. 74. Fonathan Court, esq. late in the East India Company’s civil service at Calcutta, -In Downing Street, Westminster, J/4rs. Gollett. At the New River Head, Islington, Robert Milne, esq. 78. In Gray’s Inn Lane, Mrs. Esther Bithrey. In James Street, Westminster, at the house of P. Colquhoun, esq. his father-in-law, Lieu. tenant-colonel Barclay, of the 52d regiment, of the wounds which he received at the bat- tle of Busaco, where he commanded a light brigade. In Wallbrook, Richard Bridger, esq. \ate one of the cashiers in the Bank of Eng- land, 73. ‘In Great James Street, William Webb, . 74. At Stanwell Place, Lady Gibbons, wife of Sir William G, bart, and sister to Sir Charles Watson), bart. At Derchester House, Loyisa, daughter of Major-General Macleod. At Holloway, Mrs Ingleby, of Wood Street, 62. At Egham, Jha Delamain, esg. of Bernsi’s Suyeck. ; 4 Mrs. Rowlfatt, Deaths in and near London, 479 At Hadley, Adrs. Amy Burrorws, 81. In Hereford Street, Lady Essex Finch, daughter of the late and sister to the preseng Earl of Winchelsea. At his house in Westminster, Lieutenante Colonel Ricbard Pownell, formerly of the ist Guards, 86. In Sloane Square; Chelsea, in his 60th year, Mr. }. Fraser, well known to the bo- tanical world by his useful and extensive ree searches in. North America, and other regions. in New Burlington Street, Foseph Hill, es. of Wargrave Hill, Berks. In Lincoln’s Inn Fields, William Hamilton, es9. 82, . In Berner’s Street, Frederic, youngest son of Mr. Fane, 15. , Jn Craven Street, Warwick Francis, son of John Tatham, esq. In Old Cavendish Street, Mr. Sobn Mace acnald, i At Shepherd’s Bush, Fcbnx Kilbinton, 57. 49: In King Street, Cheapside, Mr. Abraham Slack, 50. ° In Gower Street, Bedford Square, Afrs, Peters, 82. Ih Northumberland Street, Ads. Brow, relict of Richard B. esq, of Newcastle-upone Tyne, 59. | In Devonshire Place, Matthew Bell, esq. of Woolsington, Northumberland, a gentlemaa highly respected by a numerous acquaintance, and possessed of a beneyolence of mind that rendered his wealth a blessing to numbers of his fellow-creatures. In Lower Brook Street, Mrs. A/iJnes, relict of John M. esq. of South Collingham, Notts. 73. i At Brompton, Lieutenant-Colonel Edzard Stephens, late of the 3d foot guards. In her 85th year, Ars. Mary Cole, widow of the ingenious Mr. Cole, who formerly care ried on an extensive manyfactory on the Surry side of Westminster bridge, and was the ine venter of the chain-pumps used in the navy. At Kensington, William Smith, esg. nephew- of the late Dr. S, Dean of Chester, 53. At Walworth, Mrs. Hudson, relict of Reare Admiral H. 53. : In Parliament Street, W. Sayer, esq, 4. : In the South Crescent, Bedford Squargy Mrs. Cooper, wife of Samuel C. esq. At York Hospital, Chelsea, Fos2 Thomas Eyre, esq. paymaster, In Duke Street, Oxford Street, in consee quence of her clothes taking fire, Adiss Chare lutte Summer. At Paddington Green, Fobn Gray, 599 L.L.D, 88. Aftera few hours illness, of the gout in hig stomach, Anthony Ashley Cooper, Earl of Shaftesbyry, Baron Ashley, of Winhoene St. Giles; 480 Giles; Barén Coopér, of Pawlet, a Baronet, and F.R.S. His Lordship was born Sept. 17, 1761, succeeded to the fan:ily honours and éstates in 1771, and.in1786 married Barbara, only daughter of the late Sir John Webb, an Opulent Roman Catholic baronet, by whom he had issue only one daughter, born in 1788, The title consequently devolves to his brother, the Hon. Cropley Ashley Cooper, M.P. for Dorchester. At Buckenham, Norfolk, the Right Ho- fidurable Sir Sfames Pultcney, bart. M.P. for Weymouth, a member of the Privy Council, -and colonel of the 18th regiment of foot. His death was occasioned by anaccident which ‘he experienced while shooting with a gun having a lock of new invention, which not being in proper order, he no sooner pulled the trigger than his right eye was blownout. He Janguished in great pain for a few days, till hisdeath. Sir James entered the army very young, and served in the American war. At, the commencement of the war of the French Fevolution, he accompanied the Duke of York to Flanders, as adjutant-general of the army under the command of his Royal Highness ; and was afterwards appointed to conduct an unsuccessful expedition against Ferrol. On the formation of the present administration, he was appointed secretary at war, which office he resigned about a year ago. He pos- sessed very extensive information on almost all subjects, ‘and often displayed considerable talents in the senate as an orator, and even as a financier. He was well acquainted with the scientific parts of his own profession , and his personal courage was never questioned; buthe wanted that active energy and promp- hess of character, which is essential to mili- taty success. His habits were rather of that plodding and deliberating kind, which some- times occasions irresolution, His names which was originally Murray, he changed for Pulteney, on his marriage, in 1794, to the Tate Countess of Bath, by whom he had no issues The immense annual revenue which he derived as the interest alone out of the Pulteney property, by the will of that lady, was full 50,000]. per annum; the principal of which, by his death, now devolves, by the game will, onthe four children of Mrs. Mark- ham, daughter of Sir Richard Sutton, bart. by a sos of the late Archbishop of York, who was divorced from her husband about six years ago. In his title and paternal estate he is succeeded by his brother, Major- general Murray. Willian Boscawen, sg. a commissioner of the victualling-office, nephew to the cele- brated Admiral Boscawen. He was educated at Eton, and brought up to the profession of the law, but’ resigned his gown fcr his ap- pointment in the victualling-office. His lisesasy productions have besa: ‘' A Trentise Deaths in and rear Londons [May 1,’ on Convictions on Penal Statutes,” 8vo. 1792. *©Vhe Works of Horace, translated into English Verse,” 2 vols. 8vo. 1793, 1797." «* The Progress of Satire, an essay in verse, with Notes, containing Remarks, on the Pur- suits of Literature,” an 8vo. pamphlet, 1798+ ‘¢Supplenient to the Progress of Satire, containing Remarks on the Answer that has been attempted to be given to it,’” an 8vo. pamphlet, 1799. In the two latter, Mr. Boscawen defends himself against the attacks of the author of the Pursuits of Literature, with a manliness and generosity of senti- ment which appear to great advantage, when contrasted with that, obliquity of character which marks his rival. In his translation of Horace, on which performance his reputation as an author chiefly rests, he has been most successful in the Odes; and it is no contemp- tible praise to admit, that his version is, ge-_ nerally speaking, the best we have of that admired poet. In Bedford Street, Russell Square, in. his 85th year, Richard Cumberland, esg. of whom a detailed account will be given in our next, Number. At her house inUpper Mary le bone Street, .. Mrs. Clio Richman. Perhaps the mention of this event should be sufficient to excite the regret of all those who know to appreciate the great and excellent qualities of which the female mind is capable; but, as the un-, assuming and unostentatious virtues of this admirable woman, secluded her, like gold, in the mine from the public view, it becomes the duty of the biographer to give, if pos- sible, her true character to the world, a dury ‘in the execution of which he would trium- phantly pass by the ephemeral merits of, emperors and kings, as comparatively un- worthy of attention. The writer of this article has been honored with many years acquaintance with Mrs. Rickman; but, par~ tial as he may be to her memory, recollece tion of the purity and candour of her hearr, forbids him saying more of the exalted sub- ject of her praise, than what he conscijen- tiously feels to be her due. Mrs. Rickman at an early age, became the wife of Mr. Thomas Clio Rickman, with whose character. and talents the public have been long ac- quainted. Perhaps there never was an in- stance of the union of two minds more truly, congenial in ardency of feeling, liberality of sentiment, and active morality, joined toa contempt of those prejudices, vulgar or po- lite, that intertere with the intellectual hap Piness of social man. Thus constituted, it can-, not be matter of surprize, that amid the severest persecutions of power, continued pe-. cuniary difficulties,and the injustice and male« volence of the base and canting crowd, whom the nakedness of virtue offends, but whom the: cumbrous trappings ef yice and folly delight, they. , / 18143] , they. should for a series of years have ¢n- _Joyed and diffused a degree of felicity seldom attained by the human'race. Superiorly gifted in mind, Mfs, Rickman smiliagly " struggled against the frowns of fortune, and struggled with success, so far as her noblest _ aims were answered. By her exertions. the business on which they entered became an object of high importance, and its minutest " details were conducted by herself with that _.presision, regularity, and comprehensiveness _ of mind, which with equal ease embraced the “most momentous and ‘the minor transactions of life. A large family of children (seven of whom, one girl and six boys, are doomed “with their surviving parent, for ever to mourn her loss) were brought into life, and their education superintended by her; and, young as many of them still are, the lessons which, by precept and example, she l:as instilled into their minds, will doubtless be cherished and’ revered® by them to the last periods of ,existence. .No arrogance or assuniption of superiority ever marked the beautifal tenor of her way; indeed her virtues were more discoverable in their effects, than by any “pompous or affected display of them. 1: was not however in the shade of domestic life , alone that her merits were exercised and put to the test: her grasp of niind, and vigour of exertion, were no less forcibly tried by the : ‘political ‘and troublesome circumstances of the “and revolutionary fervor She had to con-* - times, where her husband’s liberty and safety tend, on the occasions referred to, witha host “of legal”charactérs, whom she astonished by _ the’ foréé’and pertinency of her remarks, and ‘compelied into “admiration of the sypetiority of her genius, and the activity of her exer- tions.” “Her husbatid is in all protyability in- debted to her for his escape from ‘the cruelty of persecutions, as base as they were unjust, "Gnd Tie’ ever ‘ceased to expreys his sense of *" what he owes in these and a variety of other '“Gnstanceés, to this exalted wotnan. \ ve ef ac: y! lt was in fact the case with her ‘a3/it is with him; no _ circumstance, other than the death of a re- Tative or friend, had powet seriously to hurt cher mind ; but rhere she was vulnerable ; and ” the death of a little girl, her youngest child, about three years since, afiected her deeply, “Yand perhaps in a degree laid the foundation of the lingering iliness which has terminated 80 fatally for her family, and so unfortu- ‘mately for the circle whom she honored with her friendship. © In short, whether we regard her as a"daughter, a wife, a mother, or a friend, we’ shall find her to have excelled “in the performance of the dutiés attached to _ @ach character ; we shall find the foree of her * affection’ to have been”alone equalled by the is Montuty Mae, No. 113, , ‘Account of the late, Dr. Maskelyne. 481 powers of her mind, and that she was fitted not only to adorn, but to amend and im- prove, any station or rank in life in which Providence might have placedher. The Rey. Dr. Fobn Vardill, whose death we Noticed in p. 183, of our No. for March, was educated in King’s College, New York, of which he was elected principal, and appointed Regius Professor of Divinity. When America claimed independence, he resigned his bright prospect there, and embraced the cause of the mother country; where he distinguished himself by many publications woehy. an acute and liberal politician. .He was a sare example of splendid talents, devotéd to the purest philanthropy ; and of profound schos lastic Knowledge, blended with the most en- dearing social virtues, ..Dyring the last ten years, severe sickness withdrew him from those public circles; of which his wit, clo- quence, and urbanity, had rendered J:im the ornament ;but his memory will be treasured while those who knew bimexist. ¢_ * \ [ Further. particulars of Dr, Maskelyne, whose death is mentioned at page 182 of ow Number for March,j-—Dr. M. was originally fellow of Trinity college, Cambridge, where he pro- ceeded B.A. 1754; M.A. 1757; B.D. 1768; D.D.1777. He was presented in Jan. 1775, by his nephew Lord Clive, to the rectory of Shrawarden, in Salop; and in 1782 by the master and fellows of his college, to the living of North'Runcton, in Nerfolk. Having at an early period of life given proofs of his abilities as a mathematician and astronomers Dr. M. went to Barbadoes, under the ape pointment of the, Board of Longitude, for the purpose of trying Mr. Harrison’s marine time-keeper, for which the inventor claimed the premium offered by ‘parliament. His first publication was a quarto pamphlet, with a view to the improvement of practical na- vigation, entitled, ‘* The. British Mariner’s Guide,” published in 1763. His reputation was by this time so completely established, and his talents ‘were so highly appreciated, _ that, on the death of Dr, Nathaniel Bliss, in” “1765, he was appointed to the situation of ~ Astronomer Royal to his Majesty. In1767 -~ he published, by order of the commissioners of longitude, an account of. Mr. John Harrie son’s watch, In 1774, the president and council of the Royal Society, brought eut in a folio volume, at’the public expence, -his tables for computing the apparent Places of the Fixed Stars, and ‘reducing Observations of the Planets. In 1776, he produced the first volume, in folio, of his Astronomical .Obser- vations, made at the Royal Observatory, at Greenwich, from the, year 1765. The con- tinuation of this important work has since been given to the world in the same form, in obedience to his Majesty’s command, In- 1792, Dr. M, presented the public with the invaluable tables of Logarithms; by the late indefatigable Michael Taylor, who. sunk under bis task and died, when only fiye, pages 3 me ewe 482 of his work remained unfinished, bequeathing to the world a most remarkable monument of human industry. Dr. M. had always en- couraged the design, and now took upon him- self to finish the work, to which he prefixed a most masterly introduction, rendering the whole a very complete performance. Inthe eminent station which he held during the long period of forty-six years, he conducted himself in such a manner as to gain the esteem of all men of science, both of this and other countries ; and, it must be admitted, that few have fulfilled its duties with so muuch ability, none perhaps so usefully for Northumberland and Durham. [June t, ot the public.’ M. Grosley, in. his book inti tuled, ‘ Londres,” 3 vols. 8vo. 1770, among many disparaging ‘characters of Englishmen whom he saw in his stay at London in 1763, ‘gives this advantageous one of Dr. Maske- lyne, ¢* chez lequel je trouvai une politesse et une complaisance que les Savans de ce rang n’ont pas toujours pour des Passans.” As a Christian, both his life and pious ree signation to the will of God at his death testify, that, however science might have en- gaged his attention, his higher duties to his Maker were not thereby neglected. \ PROVINCIAL OCCURRENCES, |. WITH att tHe MARRIAGES anv DEATHS; Arranged geographically, or in the Order of the Counties, from North to Sonth, *,* Communications for this Department of the Monthly Magazine, properly aw-. thenticuted, and sent free-of Postage, are always thankfully received. Those are more particularly acceptable which describe the Progress of Local Improvements of any ind, or which contain Biographical Anecdotes or Facts relative to eminent. er remarkable Characters recently deceased. ae NORTNUMBERLAND AND DURHAM. THE winning of Fawdon colliery, near Newcastle, is completed, and opens a tract of coal of the best quality, sufficient for a century to come, being the whole mines under ‘the estate belonging to the late Sir Arthur Haselrigge, bart. containing nearly $000 acres. Married.| At Blyth, Mr, Stephenson Scaife, of Newcastle, to Miss Wilkinson, daughter of Mr. W. collector of the customs at Blyth. At Alnwick, Mr, Thomas Riddell, to Miss Weddell. At Newcastle, Mr. Thomas Reaveley, to Miss Mary Micchell.—-Mr. J. C. Ward, to Miss Margaret Stoddart, of Ravens- worth. At Corbridge, the Rev. J. D, Wastell, of _ Risby, Suffolk, to Frances, daughter of B. Wastell, esq. of Aydon House, Northum- berland. _ At Hexham, Mr. Thomas Ridley, to Miss Judith Rogers. At Newburn, Mr. William Catcheside, of Venwick, to Miss Robson, of Throckley. At Berwick, Mr. Clement Pattinson, to— Mies Ann Marshall. At South Shields, Captain John Patton, of the Ceres transport, to Ann, daughter -ef the late Mr. Thomas Hewison. _Died.] At Newcastle, Henry Richard, son of Mr. William Fife, surgeon.—Mrs. Ste- _phenson.—Mr, John Watson, 66.—Mr. Jo- _ seph Renwick, 35.—-Mr. A. Mackintosh, 41. EMtes, Bridget Curry.—Mr. J. A. Kidd, 37. —Miss Ann Hodgsen, 22,.——Mr. Richard Gee, 22 —Andrew Piery, 109. He retained his facultics tothe last.” , At Durham, Mr. William Gray, jun. 49. —Mr. William Shaftoe, attorney, captain im the Durham volunteer infantry, 33. . At Newbottle, near Houghton-le-Spring, Edward Wetherall, esq. 68. . At Byker Hill, Mrs, Huntér, wife of Mat- thew H. esq. 41. : ‘ation _ At South Shields, Miss Giles, 40.—Mr. Thomas Carens, ‘50.—Mrs, Mead, 83. At North Shields, Mr. William Brown. . At Berwick, Mr. John Craig. —Margaret Douglas, 85.—Jane, wife of Mr. Joseph At- kinson, 60.—-Mrs. Steel, 56.—Mr. John Morgan, 66.—Mrs. Mary Heslop, 73.—Mr. John Dunlop, 72.—Mrs. Catherine Hogg, 76. —DMits. Bruce, 32, h j At Bishopwearmouth, Eleanor, wife of Mr. Samue{ Clark, 82.—-Miss Rippon.—Mr. John Baoth, 58. “f° At Sunderland, Serjeant-major Robinson, of the Westminster militia, 57.—Miss Isa- bella Grabam.—Mrs, Ann Chilton.—Mrs, Jane Wardle, 60. At Newbara, Mr. John Hediey, 62. AtSeaham Mill, Mr.Samuel Stephenson, 30. At Alnwick, Mr. John Ancel, 63. At Hartburn, near Stockton, Mrs. Ward. At Ryton, Mrs, Thorpe, wife of the Rev. Mr. T. and only daughter of H, C, Selby, esq. of Swansfield. ° _ At Simonburn, Mrs. Bell. At Acomb Toll Bar, Robert Kell, 92. At Anick, James Crozier, 101. | _At Longhirst, near Morpeth, Robert, son of Mr. Roger Thompson, 20... _ At Claypeth, Miss Isabella Wilson, only dauzhter of Mr. Thomas W. 16. >. a At Stocktan, Charles, only son of Mr, Exe gicdow. aseek agri & as11.] At Seaton Carew, Mrs. Eleanor Smithy _ 107. At Simpson Mains, Mr. James Murray, In Whickham Fellside, .Mr. Francis Ben- nett, 74. ~ : At Tweedmouth, Mr. James Turner, master of the Berwick packet. At Anick Granye, Mrs. Harbottle, 56. At Hexham, Mrs. Ellison, widow of the Rev. Mr. E. 88. dine At Monkwearmouth, Mrs. Lawson, wife of Mr. George L. 69. ‘ At Shincliff Grainge, near Durham, Mrs, Hopper, wife of Thomas H. esq. , CUMEEKLAND AND WESTMORELAND. The Earl of Lonsdale and Sir James Gra- han, bart. of Edmond Castle, have prevailed on government to grant 10,0001. towards building an elegant bridge across the Eden at Stanwix, which is intended to communi- eate with the great national road, that has long been in the contemplation of government to make, between Carlisle and Port Pa- trick. Married.| At Whitehaven, Mr. Isaac Adamson, of Egremont, to Mrs. Forster.— Mr. William Bacon, to Miss Fisher.—-Mr. John Taylor, to Miss Mary Woodall. At Orton, Mr. William Todhunter, to Miss Elizabeth Cleasby. At Abbey Church, Holm Cultram, Captain Ray, of Whitehaven, to Miss Ann Holliday of Mowbray. At Workington, Mr. George Waters, to ‘Miss Grace Falcon. In the Isle of Mann, the’ Hon. Captain Murray, of the 5th regiment, to Miss Ba- con, daughter of the late John Joseph B. #sq. of Douglas. At Cross Cannoby, Captain John Walker, of the Termagant of Maryport, to Miss Jane Dawson, of Birkby. if : At Crosthwaite, Mr. James Atkinson, post+ master, Keswick, to Mrs. Dunglinson. Died.| At Carleton Hall, Mrs. Wallace, ° relict of James W. esq. late attorney-ge- neral. ' At Brampton, Mts. Jane Tinling, mother of the late Mr. T. surgeon, 81. At Town-foot, near Brampton; Mrs, Hal Tiburton, 82. At Bransty, Mr. William Flanagan, 42. * At Abbey Town, Holm Cultram, Mr. Elliot, surgeon and apothecary. At Appleby, Mr. F. Hewitson, druggist, lieutenant in the Westmoreland local militia, 33; and five days afterwards, his mother, Mrs. H. 71. At Kendal, Mrs. Dickinson, 40.—Mrs,’ Susan Crosficld, 75.—-Mr. Thomas Hudson. My. Walker, of the White Horse Inn. At Burton in Kondal, Mrs, Alice Pearson, At Bowness, Mr. James-Robinsen, 32. Cumberland and Westmoreland—Yorkshire. 483. At Maryport, Mary, wife of Mr. Henty — - Vickers. : oD At Mancaster Castle, the Hon. Anna Jane Penelope Pennington, eldest daughter of Lord Muncaster. At Workington, Mrs. James, many yeare keeper of the coffee-room —Mr. William Milburn. : ; In the Isle of Mann, Mrs. Kershaw, a maiden lady, formerly of Rochdale, Lancas- ter, 73. k At Keswick, Henry William Bunbury,’ esq. formerly lieutenant-colonel of the West Suffolk regiment of militia, and brother to ‘ Sir Charles Bunbury, bart. of Great Barton, * in that county. This gentleman is well known ’ as an artist, in which he approached nearer to Hogarth, in his representations of life and ‘ manners, than any existing painter. . At Carlisle, Mr. William Hislop, surgeon, © 23.—-Mr. William Johnston, 35.—Hannah Reid, 90.—Jane, daughter of Mr. Thomas Armstrong.—-Mr. Thomas Nixon, 75.—Mrs.~ — Catherine Gilpin,-sister to Dr. Gilpin, mayor of Carlisle, 71: a lady of considerable literary * . attainments, and respected by a numerods circle . of -acquaintance.--Mr. Thomas Losh,” - 80.—Mrs. Stoddart, 70.—Mrs. Ann Lemon, ~ 66.—Mrs. Mary Robinson, 68. : At Penrith, Mrs. Eliz. Birbeck. ¥ At Whitehaven, Mrs, Eliz. Little, 88.—., Mr. fohn Raney, 53.—Mr. Alexander’Spit- tal, 72.—-Captain Fell, of the ship Edward of this port.—-Mre, Lloyd, 43.—Mrs. Lucas,’ 92.—Mrs. Winter, 58 —Eleanor, daughtér of Mrs. Madders, 17.—-Mrs. Denton, wife of Mr. John D. one of the landing waiters of this port.—Mrs. Ann Huddleston, widow of Captain H. of the Powell.—-Mrs. Waiker, relict of Mr. John W, and aunt to Robert’ Smirke, R. A. 88.——Mrs. Downie.—Mr, John Fell, 62.—Mr: Matthew Younghus- band, tate ‘bookseller, 63.—Mrs. Losh, re« lict of Captain L. 81. At Hensingham, Mr. James Oyes, 86. At Richmond Hill, near Hensingham, Mrs, Fidler, wife of Mr. Daniel F. 69. At’ Bronkinwall, near Ravenglass, "Mr, Thompson, 80. ~ ; ’ At Allenby, Mrs. Ann Bawman, 51, At Rockcliffe, Mr. William Cartner, pa. rish clerk, 78. ' At Carleton Lodge, near Egremont, Joha Richardson, esq. 26. YORKSHIRE. The erection of a handsome hotel at As, kern, near Doncaster, is ina forward state,’ It offers a liberal accommodation to the visi. tors at that Spa, and, as a-public improves ment, ‘reflects great credit on the spirited un- dertaker. : : TERT - The subscription Lancasterian school for - girls, lately erected in Salthouse-lane, Hull, was opened the 15th of, April. A considere able number of ladies, who have taken a very active part in prompting this benevulent :. instive don, Oh “ > : ‘eign ‘ - oe er 484 Yorkshire.’ ay institution, attended on the oceasion.. Ups wards’ of 200.girls were adniittedy to whom the Rey. J. Clarke delivered-an affectionate address, which appeared to make a proper Impression on the minds, of the young pupils, as, well as of their mothers, most of whom were present. At-the.late West Riding séssioss; the new court-house at Pontefract, finished under the Inspection of Mr. Bernard Hartley, (surveyor of the Riding bridges) from’ the plans of Mr. Watson, of Yorks was opened. For conve- nience, and); accommodation, ‘this edifice is acknowledged to be superior to any in the county. ; : 7 » The following report of the woollen cloth scarchers in the, West. Riding, from the 25th of March, 1810, to the 25th.of March, 1814, was exhibited :— sinais Ho Narrow cloths. . This year 158.252 pieces, or 6,180,181 yards. Last year 151,911 5,95197 62 * rod ~ -— 4 MESSE SLES Increase 63,414 229,049 @ agp ‘Broad cloths. : This'year 97 2,664 pieces, or 1,671,042 yards. Last year 311,939 "2,826,048 Decrease 37,575 1,153,006 This, diminution of the staple manufacture, is; to be traced to two. causes ;.the prohibitory decrees of Bonaparte, and the orders in coun- ell of the British government; by the former of which our manufactures are shut out from the continent of Europe,.and by the latter our commercial relations, with the. United tates of America are suspended, Seeing the “Operation of these measures, and having their etfects every day before our eves inthe num- ber of artigans that are, loitering about the streets for want of employment, our surprise is not that the qvantity of woollens have.de- creased so much, but that they have decreased, so little ; and this surprise. will appear very natural when-the public. aresinformed,.that of 1160 shearmen in the) town-and neigh- Bourhood of Leeds, 4@O are out of employ; But a falling off of only 9253957: yards will be, in some, measure, aceoynted for when it is considered that the shipments to.-Ame- rica, for the fall trade,.in./1810,. were as brisk’as usual ; and that for about.six months in that year, the depot system prevailed with its former. pernicious »activity.3) sosthat! the decrease in the broad cloths which appears.on this official return, though embracing a pe- tioj of a whole year, has, in pointiof vfact, arisen within the last six months, as, will-ap~ pear irom the following quarterly state- ment: «| Narrow ¢loths. Broad cloths. Ast quarter, 28,533 Yst quarter, 11,371 8 Gd 22 a osoe7 Mp hRR eai a a Forbes ay i AP ir alae 0: Be inti Bede SI cs Been 7 oe ae 58,744 The magistrates very liberally voted , at large. [June i}? 3,0001, towards the erection of the projected. Sessions House, at Leeds. This measure,will tend to the speedy completion of a plap, ab-_. solutely necessary for the administration « justice within the borough, and which must be highly useful and convenient to the Riding” Towards the new Sessions House at Sheffield, the magistrates voted 10001: The grand tunnel on the Huddersfield Cas nal is completed, from its commencement at _ Huddersfield, to its termination at’ Ashton under-Lyne, and is entirely ready for navi- gation: This tunnel was projected and begun intheyear 1794. It has cost 130,0001. 5 is 5420. yards Jong, seven and a half feet deep of water, and seven and half head=way’ from ‘the surface of the water, -At. the bottom of two of the pits ityis made wide,enough for bosts, to pass each other, or to. unload lime or coal, $aacry (pile Married.) AtLeeds,; William, eldest son. of Richardson, Borradaile, esq, of Fenchurch, street, to Isabella Mary, eldest daughter of,» Jobn Qates, esq.—The Rey. Mr. Murray, of Rawdon, to Miss Scott. eps At York, Richard Sinclair, esq. recorder of- York, to, Elizabeth, second daughter of the! late. William Sotheron, .esq. of, Darring-, toa.—Mr. Thomas Elton, to.Miss B, Knowl. sou.--Mr. Thomas Waterworth, to Miss Simpson. yo? y + were At Ripley, William |Gunning Campbell, esq. eldest son of William C. esq.-of Pairs ficld, Scotland, to Diana, third daughter of Sir John Ingelby,, bart, a di At Brandsby, Mr. Robert Maskell, to.Mary,” enly daughter of Edward Wailes, esq. of Colton. ; > wereld . At Bridlington, James Hopkinson,, esq. of, Billings Hill, near Brandsburton, to Miss. Farthing, daughterof the late John F. esq. of Bridlington Quay, . diet 5494 Captain Lally, of the 6th dragoon guards, to Mrs. Moore, widow of Captain M,) of Grimston Lodge, near Tadcaster, and daugh- ter of George Townend, esq. of York. . .\ At Hull, Captain ©. F. Flaton, to Miss Maria Scruton, of Nottingham. leceues Died.| At Doncaster, Mr. Frost..- Within the space of one week,» J. Todd, 725 T.,Jonesy, 773 Mary Richardson, 78 3 J. Bryan, 735 and J. Mountain, 75. 22 frudil At Ecclesfield, Mr. William Greaves, 81. - At Beverley, Mrs.\Jackson, wife, of. the Rev. John Jackson, rector of Cheadle, At Conisvro’, Mr. Merry weather, 80.» At Rotherham, Mrs. Staniforth.—-Mr. Flint. 3 : ; eo Seni ban At Bishop Burton, near Beverley, Mr.R, Thirsk, 79. Mak i + At Howden, Miss Sarah Day, 40. - ... At Shefiield, Mr, John Theobald, 28.—9 Mr. James Fletcher.—Mrs. White.—Miss Mary Chadburn, 25,—Mrs, Powell.—Mre Samuel Uckley.=-Mr. Robert: Woollen, 83. —Mr. William’ Fritchley.-Mr. WiNiam Marshall, late serjeant in the 14th foot, 73. Mr. Abraham Mitchell, governor of the Pook; — ee ee IY ie poor-house.—Mr. George. Baterhan,—Mits. Elizabeth Marshall,85.—Mrs. Thorpe.—Mis, Ann Hirst, 83. ager Huddersfield, Mr. Thomas Depledze, At Pontefract, Mr. Serjeant Cockelt, one iy the ‘leading’counsel in the northern ‘eir- dit: ‘ At Masbro, near Rotherham, Mr. D. Tay- ~ lot, 97 5 anda few days afterwards his bro- ther Mr. John T, 31. Iseac Grainger, 80, long known in the’ Castle Howard country as the first huntsman of his day, having hunted it for many years uhéer different establishments 3 but, om the’ Earl of Carlisle giving up the foxhounds, his loréship was pleased to withdraw him from that line of life, by retaining him at the head of his stable department, where he has for'a apes of years enjoyed every, comfort and attention so peculiarly characteristi¢ of the Eail of Carlisle’s goodness to all dependant wpon his lordship. _ : At Bubwith, Mrs. Lanestaff, 82. _ ' _ After having ‘completed his 111th year, Joba North, of South Holme, near Butter- wick, butcher. He was born at Butterwick, io the parish of Barton-le-street, near Mal- fon; never lived at a greater distance than a mile from the house he was born ff; retained the use of his faculries to the day of his death; and uaa considered to be, during the early part of his life, a free liver. At Wakefield, Henry Andrews, esq. one of the deputy lieutenants for the West Riding, o~-Mir. James Tate, 44.—Mrs. Amoryy Teuict of Robert A., M.D.—Mrs. Walker. Al York, Mr: A. Bartholoman, proprietor of the York Herald, and one of the common- counciimen for Walmgate Ward, 49.—Philip Sofie), Maisto, esq. 54.-—Mrs. Taylor. — » John Agar, 79 —Sarah, wife of Mr. L, Hay.—Mrs, Flall, wife of John H.esq.—Mr. yotiam Elsworth, of the Elephant and Castle nn. _ At Hull, Mrs. Kirkman, wife of John K. esq. 65.—Mrs. Ann Carter.—Mrs. Rosen- dale, wife of Captain R. 38.—-Mr, Tripp, formerly proprietor of the Hull and Barton ferry; 77,--Mr. John Orton, landing-waiter in the customs at this port, 57. At Leeds; George Henry, second son of Mr. White, organist.—-Mr. John Greaves, of the hotel. ‘ At Ripon, Mrs. F. Hardman; 90. » At the advanced age of 93, the Rev. Wil- Yiam Hedges, M.A. rector of Thriburgh and AawickAe-streets near Doncaster, At Bawery, John Nicholson, well known ifi that neighbourhood by the appellation of Dr. Nicholson, who has practised many years With great success, 43 an itinerant doctor. LANCASHIRE. Yt i$ a matter of fact, that, in the present’ times, the worst perhaps Liverpool ever ¥hew, the foundation stone of a superb go- phit tHurch has just been laid; enother pro- Laneashires 485) jected for'a different part of the town’; two elegant ‘chapels just covéred ing the ‘first stone of a third laid; a Magdalen Institution just founded, andan auxiliary Bible Society’ for each of which’! very liberal -subscriptions are’now collecting. Married] At’ Walton-le-Dale, John Bas~ kervyle Glegg, esq. of Whittington’ Hall, Chestér, to Anne, youngest ‘daughter of the: late Thomas Townley Parker, esq. of Cuerden Hall. At Lancaster, Sereethill Harrison; esq: son ofthe late Streethill H: esq: of Cranage Halt,. Cheshire, to Mrs. Hunter, relict of the Rev, | John Alexander H. of York} and daughter and co=heiress ‘of ‘the late’ Thomias Saul; esq, of Lantaster. 4 : t At Liverpool, Norman John Bond, nephews of SirStephen B. bart. of Woodbank, Cheshire, to Isavella’ Eliza Speed, grand-daughter’ of” the late Earl of Sandwichi—Mr. Joseph! Brade, to Miss Mary) Huson.—James Muir, esq. to Miss Brancker, daughter of P. Wi. Be esqi—Dr. Abrahain Solomon, to’ Miss’ Helen: Tyrie.Mr. William C. Cardwell;-to Oliviay. youngest daughter of thelate William Wright, esq. of Withington, neat Manchester. “At Childwall, Samuel Newton, eay. to Eliza, daughter of the late James Clegg, esq, At Manchester, J. ireland Blackburne, esq. M.P. eldest son‘of Jolin: B: esq. one of the Yepreseutitives’ of this county; to Anny eldest dauchter of the late William’ Bamfordy: esy.of Bamiford. ‘ : Died.] At Broughton, near Ulverston,*Mr.’ E. Ireland, 74. ee At Mashgrave,’ near Dalton in’ Furriess, Messe Hartley, 75- DL : “At Manchester; fohn Whitehead, esq. ptincipat id the houseof Messrs. Whitehead and Son.—Mr. Josep Fowler, formerly of Nottingham, 4.— Myr. Samuel Satterthwaite. At Frenchwood, near Presten, Thonias Starkie, ésqi ; : At Preston, Mrs. Satterthwaite, * Alexander Buthér, esq. of Kirkland Hall and Beaumont Coté, the senior justice of the peace for this éounty, chairman of the quarter Sessidns at Pieston, and constable of Lancaster Castle, 78. At Boulton onthé Sands, near Lancdstery: Mr. Christopher Atkinsofy 59. ‘ “At Edge Hill, Mrs. Gibson, wife of Mr. George G. | Ac Hill Clif’, acd Warrington, Mrs. Pol+ jard, 52. ' At Everton, James Brade, €5q: At Wigaa, Mr. Robert Fitch. At Bedford, néar Leigh, Mt. Prescott, for+ merly printer of the Manthester Jourtialy rT henge At Killingholm, Mrs. Motrishtt; aftetda-— bouring two years ubder a dropsy, and ane dergoing the opesation of tappittg 'thirty-séven times... } At Haslingdon, Mr. George Dewes, of Hull, 4.2, at 486° ‘At Liverpool, Mr. Robert Skitron, 29.— Mrs. M‘Gawley, 23.—Mr. Gelston, visiting apothecary to the Dispensary.—Mrs. Wil- Jiams.——Miss Venables, daughter of L. J. V. €sq. barrister.—Mr. Nicholas Bailey, 87.— Mr. Francis Henry, 72.—Mr. Jobn Wilson, 53.—Mrs, Hannah’ Leece, wife of Mr. L. schoolmaster, 45.—Thomas, son of Mr. Owen Jones. —Mrs. M. Maithews.—Mr. Thomas Berry.-—Mr. Edusund Cockshoot, 46.—Mr. Henry Cartlich, 41.—Mrs. Edwards, a maiden lady, 74.——Mr. William Carterall, 54.+—Mr. James Watmough.— Mrs. Jane Bailey, 57.— Mrs. Cartwright, 49. CHESHIRE. Married.| At Nantwich, Edward Kent, esq. to Penelope, eldest daughter of Josiah Oates, esq: ’ At Sandbach, John Smith, esq. MP. for Nottingham, to Miss Leigh, daughter of Egerton L. esq. of High Leigh. At Chester, Thomas Read Abe, esq. of the - North Lincoln militia, to Harriet Henrictta, youngest daughtet of the late William: Pro- bart, esq.——Mr. Nield, of Norley, to Miss Pickering, grand-daughter of John P. esq. of Cadington, near Northwich. Died.] At Chester, Mre. Suddones.——Mr. Bage, sen. 68.—Miss Calveley.—Mrs. Gar- ner, mother of Mr. G. of the Dublin Packet. —Mrs, Lambe.——Mrs. Sculle.—Mr. S. Brit- tain, 31—Mr. C. Haswell.—-Mrs, Parry, wife of Mr. P. bookseller. —The Rev. Ebe- nezer White, late minister of the Independeat Chapel, Queen-street. At Runcorn, Mr. Richard Johnson, 25. At Malpas, Mrs. Leticia Churton, widow of the late Mr. Joseph C. the last of the name vof that respectable family, whose ancestoks have resided in the neighbourhood more than four centuries. At Marton Hall, Mr. Manley. At Knutsford, Mr. Ogden. At Middlewich, Miss Taylor, daughter of Mr. T. surgeon, 19. » At Newton, near Middlewich, Mrs. Waod, relict of Isaac W. esq. Fi DERBYSHIRE. . Married.| At Chesterfield, John Charge, esq. to Mrs. Jennings, widow of Robert J. sq. of Spital House.x—Mr. Knowles, of Stock- port, to Miss A. Mellor. At Quarndon, Mr. ‘Thomas Grime, of Derby, to Miss A: Mellor..- Died.) Mr. Peter Robinson, son of the Rev. Mr. P. vicar of Norton. At Dronfield, Mr. M. Blackwell. At Spondon, William Snowden, esq. a jus- tice of the peace, and an alderman of Derby, for which he had twice served the office of mayor. : . At Wirkworth, Mr. G. Buxton, surgeon — Mis. Stone.——-Mrs, Cole. At Etwall, Mr. John Procter, 22. “At Stanton, Mrs, Scattergood, 78. At Chesterfield, Mr. Robert Statham, AtSmalley, Mrs. Birch, 24 At Morley, Mr. Harry Shaw. iid At Tibshelf, Mrs. Barratt, 23. NOTTINGHAMSHIRE. On Monday the 15th of Aprily the mem bers of the Nottingham Sunday School Union _ held their second annual meeting, atthe New Methodist Schcol-room, East-street, in that town. crowded, and the. reports of the different schools in connection with the Union, were on the whole very encouraging. . In general, there had been observed in the last six months much improvement in reading, &c. and espe- cially in those schools where a part of the Lancasterian system had been adopted. In several instances much good hac arisen from religious instruction; some highly interesting communications were made by different per- , sons present, and a very pleasing letter was read from the Londen Sunday School Union, It appeared by the reports, that about 6000 children were instructed by forcy societies of methodists and other dissenters in the Union, by about 700 voluntary. teachers. Married.} At Nottingham, Mr, Thomas Henton, schoolmaster of Shelford, to Miss Marvin.—r, Samuel Elliott, of Worksop, to Miss Mary Jefferies. —Mr, Samuel Ward, of Sutton Works, to Miss Goodman,. of Sutton. j At Newark, Mr. Robert Parker, to Miss Mary Kirk. At Worksop, Mr. Marsh, of Leverton, to Miss Lucy Featherstone. Died.] At Nottinghsm, Mrs. Cartwright, . wife of Mr. George C.<—Mrs. Hornbuckle, relict of Mr. Alderman H. 49.—Mr. W. Meats.—Mr, John Lineker, 39.—Wm. Pid- cock, gent Mrs. Hannah Maltby, 75.— Mr, Thomas Randal.—Mr. Wm. Haslam, 67. —Mrs. Morris.—-Mrs. Harvey.—Mr. Birtles. —Mr. Whitlock, one of the senior council- men of the corporation.—Mrs. Eliz. Lineker, widow of Mr. Samuel L.—Mr. Richard Wil- son, schoolmaster, 51.—Sophia, daughter of Mr. George Elliott, 18. At Tolierton Hall, Mrs. Neale, wife of Pendock N. esq. 53, At Mansfield, Mr. George Wightman, 85. At Orston, Mrs. Rippingale, 26.” At Newark, Mr. Richard Marshall, 59. At White Houses, near Retford, the Rev. Wm. Cheales, rector of Markham, 56. At Sherwood'Lodgey Miss Collett, daughter of Russell C. esq. ‘ LINCOLNSHIRE. A handsome cross is about to be erected in the mark:t-place of Grimsby; it is also in contemplation to hang a new peal. of eight bells in the church. Twenty-two silver coins were lately turned up by Mr. Thomas Cordley, whilst at plough in a field in the parish of Moultan: they are, half crowns, shillings, and sixpences of Queen Eligabeth, and some immediately succeeding English Sovereigns. ; : SMarrisd.} At Louth, the Rev. Mr. Ca- - MerORy The place of meeting was much . Cheshire—Derby—Nottingham— Lincoln. [June Ij: Kaye. "© At Calceby, Mrs. Maliby. 18tt.] meron, minister of the Baptist Chipe} there, to Miss Vicars. * Ar Somerby, Capt. Smith, 40th regiment, ta Miss Dele. At Stamford, Mr. Inman, of the Crown and Woolpack. Inn, to Miss Ann Drake. At Grimsby, Mer. John Nicholson, jun. of Bradley, to Miss Anna Maria Holiwell, segond daughter of the Rev. George H. ; At Boston, Mr. Foster, rhuster of the Great Britain, of that port, to Miss Mary Mawer. At Stamford, Charles Marshall, esq. of the Inner Temple, to Miss Eliz. Guest, of London. ‘ t Died.J At Lincoln, Mrs) Thompson. Frances, relict of Wm. Hildyard, esq. 77.— Mrs. Mace. At Langton Hall, Mrs. Langton, wife of G. L. esq. and youngest daughter of Lady At Louth, Mr. J. Scott, 75.—Mrs. Eliz. pe, 80.—Mrs. Rebecca Jackson, 92.— rs. Bratley, 41.—John Robinson, esq. fae ther of the corporation, 80. [Je had been _indisposed for several weeks, but was able to Teceive the visits of his friends to the day of his death. He sat down to dinner as usual with his family, but soon finding himself worse, he walked up stairs with very little assistance, and the moment he was laid on the bed, without the smallest pain, resigned bis spirit into the hands of Him who gave it. If * he had lived till Whitsunday, he would have eloséd his seventh wardénship. He was a ‘worthy example of the kind and tender hus- band, the affectionate father, the sincere friend, and the humble Christian. The amia- ble simplicity of his manners, the miidness of his disposition, and the candid allowance ‘which he invariably made for the frailties incident to human nature, endeared him to all who Kad the pleasure of knowing him. At Tathwell, Mrs. Farr, 76.—Mr. J. Leo- Mard, 44. At Morton, near Gainsbro’, Mr. Edward Ridge, 80. ‘ t The Rev. Edward Jorden, vicar of Mes- -singham and Bottesford, 55. At Stamford, Mrs. Codtes, wife of Mr. Jobn C. 85. ; og At Alford, Mr. John Allcock, 73, _\ At Spalding, Mr, Shuttleworth, of the Talbot Inn. ~ At Tetney Lock; Mr.R, Chatterten, many years engineer of the Louth Navigation, 68. ., At Boston, Mrs. Wright, wife of Mr. W. druggist, S2.—Mr. Edward Reaney, 70.— Mrs. Elverson, wife of Mr,. Wm. E. of QQuadring.—Mr. Wm. Farnsworth, 34. . At Grantham, Mr. John Wood, @1. At Toft, near Market Rasen, Mrs, Hodg- ton, mother of the Rev. Mr. H. 92. At Sleaford, Mr. Wm. Falkner, of An- ck, Leicester shire—Staffordshire. “Thomas 487 At Brigg, Mrs. Mary Smith, 79. Mr. W. White, many years steward to Sir Whichcote, bart. of Aswardby Park, 92. At Hogsthorpe, near Alford, Mr. Josepa Coupland, 81. At Burton Strater, Mr. C. Bell, jun. of Itby, He was crossing the Trent, on his return homeward from Yorkshire, when the ferryman had recourse to the dangerous expe- riment of hoisting the sail, which so fright- ened the horse belonging to Mr. Beil, that the anima! leaped overboard, and at the same time drove his owner and the ferryman inte the river, who were both unfortunately drowned. A woman and boy, who were alsa. on -board the passage boat, sustained ne injury. © LEICESTERSHIRE. Married.) Mr. Johnson, of Seagrave, to Miss Cragg, younge.t daughter of Mr. C. of Forrest lane, near Loughborough. At Leicester, Mr. Heard, to Miss Marston. Mr. W. Talbot, to Miss Spencer, of Syston —-Mr. Ireland, of Wisenton, Derby- shire, to Miss Cox, daughter of Mr. C: of the Fish and Quart Inn.—Mr. T. W. Dabbs, to Sarah, second daughter of Mr. Barratt. At Catthorpe, Mr. Weaver, of Shrewsbury? to Susanna, eldest danghter of the late Rev. John Pyefinch, rectcs of Pulverbatch, and of the first portion of Westbury, in this ‘ounty. } At Wragdale, Mr. John Hickman, to Mise Henton, f At Stapleford, Mr. Martin Killingley, te Miss Ann Berridge. Mr. James Moon, of Finedon, Northamp- tonshire, to Mary, youngest daughter of Mr. Thomas Nixon, of Bitteswell. - At Burbage, Mr. Winterton, of Brandon, Warwickshire, to Miss -Winterton, of Sketchley. ; At Wartnaby, Thomas Neal, esq. of Berke- ley, Glocestershire, to Miss Adams, eldest daughter of Mr. John A. Died.] At Leicester, Mrs.° Parsons, relict of Mr. Alderman P, 82.—-Lucy, eldest daugh- ter of the Rev. John Atcheson, 20.—Mr. John Cooper, 28.—Mr. Brookes. At Oadoy,.Mrs. Cockram, 54, At Leisthorpe, Miss Brown, daughter of the late John Sufiield B. esq. © At Gaddesby, Mrs. Hardy, 70, At Loughborough, Mrs Adams, wife of Mr. A. printer, 30. STAFFORDSHIRE. Married.| At Wolverhampton, Mr. Robert Bill, to Jane, second daughter of the late Mr. Jesn Thomas, of Womborne. ’ At Lichfield, Wm. Sandles, esq. to Miss Kitson. , At Penkridge, the Rev. James Walhouse, of Teddesley Coppice, to Miss Huskisson, daughter of the late Wm, H, esq. of Oxley, Stafiurdg hire. i Capt, 488 Capt, J+ St. George, of the 80th regiment “wf foot, to. Miss F. Campbell, daughter of the late, A. C. esq. of Stafford. : Died.] At Newcastle, Mr. Ralph Barnes, a . _ _ At Whitgreave, of the small-pox, Mr, J. Till, 59. , y At Alrewas, Mr. Richard Yeld. -At. Wolverhampton, Harsiet, eldest daugh- » ter of George Molineux, esq. At Madeley, Mr. E. Yate, third son. of. T.. Y¥. esq. At Shelton, Ephraim Chatterley, esq..70. , WARWICKSHIRE, ' Proposals have been circulated for raising, ‘by subscription, a capital of 30,0001, for esta= » blishing, in Birmingham, a company, forthe better supplying the town and neighbourhood with timber, both-of foreign and British » grewth, and with other articles,. principally, ; imported. from northern climates, to be called, the Foreign and, British Timber Company, with aycapital of $0,000]. in shares of 501, each, Married.], At Willoughby, to Miss Mary Malin,..whose united ages ) amount.to 29 years. re ead At’ Rampton on;.the Hill,. Mr..John vawkes, to Mrs. Cooke. ~ “At Barford, « Thomas Comber Rayboyld,” “esq. of Kinfare House, Staffordshirey to “Elizabeth; rélict of the Rey. Jason Bourne. At Kenilworth, Mr. Joseph Butler, of, the: ° ive Ways, Birmingham, to Miss Breedon. - At Birminghamy Mr. Jcseph Rider, of ) Westbromwicliy’ to. Mrs. Woodcock.-Mr. Richard SKaw, of Betchton, Cheshire, to Miss Mary Jones, of Coventry. “ ‘i ‘At-Coventry, Mr. Cope, of Edgbaston, to. Miss Bennett. “"Died.J. At ‘Birmingham, ‘Mr. Joseph Day,:, © g§.aeMrs. /Clamroch.<—Mr., Richard Wil-, liams, 59.—Mr, Vhomas Willington,-«Mr. Berjimia Henley, 53.—Mr. Wm, Till, 34... * g2Mrs. Jones. Miss» Rebecca: Adcock,: 18. —Mr. J. Hayward, 61.4-Mri Richard Peck, » 60.2Mirs. Bart, wife of Mr. Wm. B, 72.—- " Mys: Best, 63-—Mr. Deykin. Mrs, Deborah *~-Simimons, 82. ’ At Coventry, George Howlette, esq. senior alderman, 65 ——Mr. Wm.. Wilsons, 48.— ° Mr. ‘John Cash, 68:—Ehzabeth, daughter of Mrs. Pollard, 15. A ads - At Rushall Hall, Mrs..Parson, wife of Mr. “Joseph PL re 5 At Harborne, Miss Orr. fey ; At HenleyinArden; Mr. J. Field, jun, At Radway; neat Edge Hill, the Rev. G, “““D). Meather. ; d At Camp'Hilly Juliana, eldest daughter of J. N. Ladford; esq.” ; : i SHROPSHIRE. °° Martied.] At Shrewsbury, Mr. Highway, °F ey faArclia, daughter of the late Mr. Moreton ‘of Aiptighe Hussey—-Mr/ Wm. Dodd, to _ Miss Birch. — Mr. Thomas Gough, of Chester, Ro Mrs, Mary Price. BY Warwickshives- Shropshire Worcestersh re. » rector of Meysey Hampton, Glocestershire, to Mary Elizabeth, eldest daughter of the Jate . Thomas Pigot,,. esq. of » Almington _ alls Mr. ]..Hesom,.. Green, of the Crown lnn.—Joseph Wells, Warwick., He is succgeded in his title ar to Migs Leaver, of Upton, [June 1, At Whitchurch, Mr. Edwards, surge ¥ at * husch, Mr. Edwards, irgeon, to | At Whittingtsn, Mr..Wm. Edisbury, of Wrexham, to Miss Owen, of Ebnal, year Oswestry. Wen ied sdaeedoen’, At Sylattin, Mr. Peters, to Mrs, Rider, of Oswestry. r : < f At Ludlow, Mr, Mathaniel Aaron, to Mrs. ~ Martha Spruce. it ea ¥ At. Winstanstow, Mr, D. Lloyd, of the Grove, to Elizabeth, only daughter of Mr Lokier, of Strefford. Hye Guin eee ; ’ At Moreton Say, the Rev.-F, W. Holme, - Staffordshire, : At Bridgnorth, Mr. Hinton, attorney, of — Mauch Wenlock, .to Miss Tomlkcies, formerly of Adcot Hall. . ; Tine 3 Died.] At Priors Lee Hall, Mrs. Eliz. * Wiight, relice of Mr. Gilbert W. of Birming- ham, .69. ; Pyeng epee REE At the New House, near Wem, Mr. Tho= mas Wilkinson. apt Sah At Wem, Mr. Roger Ireland, 22. : At Ludlow, Mary Anne, daughter of Mr. eidestson of Mi.,Jones. At, Whitchurch, Mr. James Turner ~ Meakin, surgeon, 62. - pacer vice aga At the Druid Inn, near Corwen, Mrs. q Roberts, Co re am Se at ; , At Shrewsbury, Mrs. Stanley, 773 andy three days afterwards, her sister, Mrs. Adams, Mr. G. Humphrys —Mrs, Maddocks,—~ Mrs. Mary Watkies, 89.—Mr. J. Lioyd.— , Mr. Richard Wilding, sen—Myr. Samuel — Fewtrell. xy te At.Coalport, Wm. Rose, esq. captain of the Apley Company, in the Morfe and . Royal Oak. regiment of volunteer infantry. .» At. Hadley, Mrs.. Clift,, 21.—Mr. T. Price, 20, } Neti area At Bridgnorth, Mrs, Moore, wife of F, Ms e8q.»*> f At Hatton Grange, Mr. Wright, | AtSbenstone, Mr. J, Hill, 72. ia At Norton, near Condover, Mrs, Oakly, 72. ‘At Bishop’s Castle, Mr, John, Davies, of _ the Unicorn Inn, ’ ‘yee ’ At Hadley, near Wellington, Miss Slater. © At Oswestry, Mr. Hay ward,—John Gib- bons, esq. banker. hapa q At Acton) Burnell,, Sir Edward Smythey | baronet, of that antient and respectable man-_ sion, and of Wootton House in the county of — “*~ and. estates by his only son, now Sir Edyrard Joseph, Smythe, bart. 5) ae a 3 WORCESTERSHIRE. Married] At Kidderminster, Mr, Joshua C. Cooper, to Miss Roberts, daughter ‘of the © late John R. esq. i At Ripple, . William Matty, % of Royaly < . 8 i ol 1841.) Died.] At Powick, near Worcester, Mr. John Herbert, sen. 65. At Blockley, Mr. Joseph Morris, practi- tioner in physic. At Upton on Severn, Mrs. Houstoun, wife of Lieutenant‘colonel H. and third daughter of William Whitmore, esq of Dud. maston Hall, Salop. HEREFORDSHIRE. Warricd.] At Kington, Mr. » Samuel Harkell, of Pegglesworth, to Miss Martha Heeks, of Beckford, both in Glocestershire. At Richard’s Castle, Mr. Clark, of Here- ford, to Miss S, Tomlins. F a At Cradley, George Hales, esq. of the Bean House, to Frances, youngest daughter of the Tate —— Caldwall, esq. of Hope End. At Leominster, Mr. Tagg, solicitor, of London, to Mrs.’ Payne. Died.] At Lugwardine, the Rev. John Freeman. At Leomins‘er, Mrs. Lloyd, 84 —Mr. Ben- jamin Fyans, 85.—Mrs. Coleman, wife of homas C. esq. banker,—Mr. Richard Downie. At Hereford, Mrs. Car, 64. MONMOUTHSHIRE, Married.] At Monmouth, Mr. Roberts, to Maria, daughter of the late Mr, James Powell. Died.| At Usk, Thomas Jones, esq. for- merly .major in the fonmouth and Brecon . Militia. ‘ At Grossmount, Miss. Shanks, eldest Gaughter of Capt. S. At Red hili, near Monmouth, Mr. John One. : GLOUCESTERSHIRE. A plan is proposed which, if carried int» execution, will make Clifton Downs an object of rivalry to Bath, in that particular in which Bath is most celebrated; viz.to erect a set of artificial baths for hot water vapour, and cold ablution on Dr. Kentish’s plan, whose §uccess in preventing the first appreaches of “consumption from scrophula, and other causes, _by means of warm vapour, aad warmed at- mosphierical air introduced through earthen Stoves, now begins to be generally acknow- ledged, It _is also in contemplation, and will probably be soon executed, to cut outa most noble esplanade fron Mrs. Miles’s house, quite down to the rocky promontory that overhangs the River Avon. Such a walk as this would exceed in beauty and conyeni- “ence every thing of the kind in Englinds éven now, in its irregular state, it is every unday frequented by thousands of decently apts people, and generally two or three ‘bands in the evening, being sufficiently Jong and wide to afford room for all classes to walk without interrupting each other, and commanding views of the river and hangiug woods opposite, that are unequalled in point of beauty by any otter spot in the island. ~ The Cambray Spa, Cheltenham, the property of Colonel RisJell, is now opened to a select MontTury Mas, No, 113. - - v) a, te ee eee Hereford—Monmouth—Gloucester—Oxford. ? 489 . number of respectable subscribers, and is likely to become the resort of fashion. The strength- euing and excellent quality of its water neds no eulogium fromm its well-known and peculiar virtues, but the situation of the Spa demands praise, its scite being in the highly respected Owner’s warden, laid out by the hand of taste, interspersed with shrubs and flowers, whilst the serpentined gravetled walks afford a prw- menade, and the whole being inclosed, free from every species of inconvenience. The addi ion of the simply-elegant temple, appro- priated for receiving the wazer, gives effect to the scene, uniting convenience wich taste- ful judgment. Married.| At Newland, Thomas Francis Procter, esq. of London, brother to the Rev. P.M. Procter, vicar of that parish, to Mrs. Mullion, sister to Mrs, Procter.—Thomas Minster, M.D. o* Stow. in this county, to Ann, daughter of the Rey. S. Paget, of Pe- therton, Somerset. ~ : At Twining, Mr. Charles Prior, to Mary, youngest daughter of William Phelps, esq. of Puckthrup. At Hawkesbury-Upton, Mr. James Goule ter, of Petty France, to Miss Allen, of the Pound Farm. Mr. Wells, attorney, of Wooton-undera Edge, to Jane, daughter of Mr. Pearce, ate torney ard town-clerk, of South Morton. At Winchcomb,S. F. Sadl-r, esq. solicitor, to Miss Wood. ; a At Weston-sub-edge, John H:ncock, esq. of Stratford upon Avon, to Miss Price, daughter of Mr. P. of Norton Grounds. At Moreton Say, the Rev. P. W. Holme, rector of Meysey Hampton, to Mary Eliza- beth, ellest daughter of the late Thomas Pi- gott, esq. of Almington, Staffordshire. | Died} “At Cirencester, Elizabeth, relict of Giles Daubeny, esq. and second daughter of the late John Gan ing, esq. of Old Bur- lington-street, London. At Gloucester, Simuel Jeynes, esq. 33, of that city, only son of the late Sir Edwin J. and a partner in the banking house of Messrs. Turner, Morris, Jeynes, and Co,—— Mr: John Chester, 72.—Mr. James Ireland, 65.—Mr. John George, 90 —Mr Haines, 70 —William Viner, «sq. 79 He resided. upwards of fifty years in*Fenchurch street, London, in the drug trade, and a few years ago was nominated one 0: the sheriffs of the metropolis, but paid the usual fine rather than serve. He has left, among many chaa ritable donations, 5001. to the Gloucester In- firmary. At Newent, Mrs. Hannah Bower, sister to John B. esq. . At ‘Clapton, near Berkeley, Mr. Baker, 63. At Winchcombe, Mrs. Chester, 60. OXFORDSHIRE. On the 12th of April, a most destructive fire broke out at the dweiling-house of Mr. Robert Taylor, at Warkworth, near Banbury, oR whichy » which burnt down the same; ay ‘the dwel- _ Ving-kouse of Mr. Osborn, Pitti all the ex- tensive barns and’ out-bu:ldings of Messrs. - @sborn, Mavll, and Drury. The fire was tarried by the violence of the wind toa dwel- “ing house ‘some. hundred yaris distant, _awhich was consumed. * The cries of a vitoa- ble mare in foal, pigs, &c. which were burnt, were truly distressing. The loss in corn, . thay, and goods, is yery great ; and insured Jonly to a small amount. Only one house ‘could be saved, and-that had aed fire. Pour engines attended, but could save a very . Emall part of the houseljold goods, stock, &c. + Notwithstanding the exertions of the inha- witants of Banbury, and the engines from thence, the wind was so very high, tha: in » Yess thanstwo hours'the village was nearly “Hurnt s-ddwns Mrs. Osborn was ‘severely burnt. Married. J At‘Oxford, Mr. James Taylor, “to Elizabeth, daughter of Mr, Neale, of ” Storesfield.—Mr. William Costar, to Miss fee.+-Mr.-Newman, of the Black Swan, to Martha, fourth daughterof Mr.-Busby God- frey, of Cumner-—Mr. Lzva Goodyer, to Bliss Knapp. * Mii At Coombe, near Woodstock, Mr. Harris, to. Miss Mary Couling. .* At Kidlington, Mc. Henry ‘Crook, to Miss Rowland, of Water Eaton. 4 Diedl.| Ax Oxford, Mrs? Grain, 69.—Mr. -. Greenwoud, forr¢erly master of the New Inn. —Mr. Rebert Brown, 72:—Mr. Anthony » Pull.—Mrs. “Glover, 59—Mr.. Richard “3 cailamege 71,—Mrs. Green. —Mr. Appletree, ~82:—Mr. William Hall.—Mrs. Ellis. —Mrs, Dolley, wife of Mr. Robert D. 41.~—Mr. "‘Cruwp, a member, of the common-council, fe. —MMr. Richard Walker, of the Bell Inn. ‘At Wytham, Mr. Chrntopher teneen es 76. ‘At Charigrove, Mr. Neil. » At Doddington, Mr. H. Churchill, a mem- ‘ber. of the corporation of Oxford. >~ At Kiglington, Mr. Hobday, formerly “mas ster of the Swan Inn, Tetsworth, 86. Myles NOR THAMPTONSHIRE. -* Married.) At Bacby, the Rev. A. H. Mat- _~‘thews, Fellow of Jesus College, Cxford, to “Charlotte; second” daughter of the late R, “‘Mirilotty etq.” - Dizd.| At Oundle, Mrs. Wiginton. —Mr. ~ ‘Joseph Fisher. At Peterborough, Mrs. Image, relict of the- “Rev. Mr. I. *-~ At Lowicle, “Nr. John Calston, 70. BUCKINGHAMSHIRE. * Married. | “At Beacunsfield, William Col- ae eqs ot _ Witney, Oxon,. Ao Miss’ Sarih Dell. At Aylesbury! “Riéhard, one son of the ‘date’ Mrv Richard Holloway, of Newton To- Pye Wilis, to Anna Maria; youngest daugh- “terof thelate’ ‘John ‘Rawbone; génto. Lvs Mr. Wiliam Eristow, of Eton College, to Mics Lucy Bevington, of the same place. : i lata al 490° Northing ho TG bbe. [hie t, ‘hampstead and Harpendyn, eldest son of the .that the water ‘had been poisoned. . [he 3 ~ Died] Philip Box, esq. pee ingham, andof Fleet-street, London,* tivor general ahd’ magistrate for this count HERTF OR DSAIRE. Married.]’ At, Plamstead'y Bengatia oe mers, €¢q- of Mark yate-street, Bedfordsbirey to Mi-s Pore, only’ daughter of the late Je- remiah P. esq. of the Hyde At Baldock, Joseph. Morris, esq. of Ampt- hill, Beds, to Murtha, daughter of John Prysr, esq. -Died.] ‘Suddenty, whilst dressing himself, the ev, John Norman Ord, rector of Wheat- Rev. Dr. O. of Fornham,Suffoik: ‘Phe above valuahle preferment, estimated to beSworth 42001. per arnum, is in the gi.t of the. Bishop of Lincoln, At Gravely, Mrs. Salisbury, wife, of the Reve Thelwall $. CAMBRIDGESHIRE.. A numerous and ‘respectable meeting of the proprietors snd occupiers of land, in this county, was lately held ac Catmbridze, the Earl of Hardwicke in the chair, and entered into a variety” of Yesolutions for forming an Agricultural Society.. The Earl. of Hardwicke was appointed president. ‘The — first general meeting of the society will be held on Wednesday, the 26th of une, at Cambridge. An occurrence has’ taken plate at New- / market, which is the subject of general’ cons versation and surprise among the trequenters of the turf. Several horses were entered for the claret stakes, and, as usual, were taken out. one morning for exercise. “They alk drank at one wateting-trough. Some time after they had been watered, six of rhem were observed to stagger, and then to roll about in the greatest agony. Four whose value is _ estimated at TOQO]. or 8Q00I, are since dead, On examining the water-trough, it was found horses were the property of Lord Kinnaird, Sir F. Standish, and Mr. Sitwell. “The 7 Jockey Cleb have resolved to offer a ai of 1000 guineas, and an annuity of 100). year, to any person who will furnish’a “lee, by which the perpetrators of the pane act may be discovered. ° Married.} ’ At Wisbech, Mr. Ciibes, Ye Itiss Dewbarn, second daughter of Mr. D. At Cambridge, the Rev. Edward Simons, M.A. rector of Ovington, to-Miss S. M. Ro- berts: 2 _ Died.] At Cambridge, J. Longley, esq. 92. —Mrs. Purchas, wife ef John P.esq.—fohn, only son of Mr. Lewis Apsey, -37.— ohn, eldest son of Jolin Iagie, esq 22. — . At March, Isle of Ely, a ag Hot hold. At Solvam, the Rev. P. Scott; 6% At Ely, Mr. Nathan ¢ jdeter: a At Whittlesford: Tare “Mrs. Fi ret of London, 30. ” * r Au Upwellg Mr. James Miles. ts: "a ‘NORFOLK, isi 1] } ey fi * NORFOLK, i The friends to the general education of the flower order of Society, must view with satis- faction the progress which bas been made in that important subject within the last twelve mouths, in Norwich. Two large tchaols for the education of girls, have hides organised by Miss- Harriet Howell, besides a private one Under the immediate patronage of the Miss Govituevs. In adilition to this, an excelleiit school for four hundred boys, on the plan of Mr, Lancaster, is now opened under the su- perintendance of Mr. 11‘Rea, which promises the ‘most important advantages to the poorer inhabitants of Norwich, and exhibits a striki, + specimen of the peculiar advantages and excellences of Mr. Lincaster’s system. Amidst this general adoption of the new’ methods of didusing instruction, the court ¢f Gosrdians for ‘the Maintenance of the peor chave opened a school fer the childven of the warkhouse, composed of about eighty boys and girls, which they have put under the management of Miss |lowell, and which has been attended with the most cempleat success. ahd Married.) At Yarmouth; the Rev. Edward Missenden Love, rector of Ashby, Suffolk, to Charlotté Maria, “youngest daughter of James Fisher, esq. —The Rev Charles Jamés Fisher; té Marv pane second daughter of D. rane e3q-—Mr, I Daniel Hodson, of Londo, to Mary, daifgliter of the fate Mr. N. Paliner. - e-Alexander r Mesbitt: esq-.of Teignmouth, ‘to Miss Maria Fisher, daugliter of William “Mr. Anttony Canham, of Forcham, ‘near ‘Downham Market) to ‘Miss Holland} daugh- “ter.of Edmund. FH, -esq. of Swait bam. At Norwich, “Mr. W.. .Stordy, to Miss _ Page.—Mr. Janies Blake, to Miss S. Outlew. Myr. Drzke, of Meyton Hail, to Miss Alex- vandér, eldest daughter of the. late Major’ A. Swipeaittor. , “Died.J At Yarmouth, Lady Oneides wife wf. Rear Admiral Lord G. and daughter of Lord Carrington.——-Mr, Wm. N. Eloridge, 52. ‘At Lynn, Mrs. Hasley.—S, Baker, Pa Elizabeth Jarrard, 111. At “Ba wdeswell, Richard Lloyd, esq: 66. At Reydon, near Diss, Mr. Join Bailey, formerly a farmer at Shelianger, in this ‘county, 109. f “At Acle, Mrs. Newstead, wife of Mr. N of the Queen’s Head Inn. -) ‘At Harford “Hull House, Lakenham, El- len, second daughter of Thomas Thartell, esq. 13. At-Eaton, Mr. 'T. Jeeks. man “At Swaffham, Mr. ak Johnson, pring ter, 63. At Quidenham, near Harling, Manning Gooch, esq. 73. _ At Downham ae h oh Gillingham — (Mis, Holl: eget i> moras, —; - - 7 3 Fe . 4 . % rs "Nor folk—Suffoik—Essex. | ae ~ oa one 401 “At Walsingham, Mr. George Rix, 77.° At Fhurne, Mr. G. Wiee, second son a the Jate Mr. Weeder At Swaiasthorpe, Mrs. ane Beck. te At Norwich; “Mrs. Hubbard, 6t.— Mr. John Curchin. —Elizabeth, wife Gf Mr. Ralph’ Coulson, 74,— Miss Norgate, datghter of. My, Nicholas N.—Mr. We Hutchinson; 35: —Mr. J. Lock, 63.—Mis. Etizabeth Paul, Mrs. Bootu, wile of Mr. William -B. bode seller, 49.—Mrs. -Ann Gooch, 68. Me. Whhashasereshte: William SWanrs 65. : 7 Bee Ti “SUFFOLK. 4 At a late meeting of the parishioners of. St: James's, Bury, held at the vestry, for'tlic purpose of taking Into consideration the dan= §erous state of the steeple of that charchjit was resolved tu takedown the turret, to lower the bell stage, and otherwise Secure it irom the apprehended danger. Married. | The Rev. Joseph ‘Cotterill, ret- tor of Ampton, to Miss Boak, daughter of the Rey. Mr. B: rector of Biockley. At Buxhall, Mr? Bheppace: Cooper,” to, Miss S. Mayhew, AtSudbury, Mr. Benjamin Cook, to Miss Jories, second daughtér of Mr. Hi. or Died.] At Woodbridge, aged 61, Mr. Ro=° bert Loder} bookseller." Mri ih wag known. to the public, not only as a bookseller, but as an author; Bis #6! istory of Framlingham,’ and several-other untinadidn tracts, display- ing considerablé industry and research. =. JAt Stonham, Fanay, eldest daughter: “OF Mr. Cockerill, BAS 's * At Clare, Mr. Samuel Collis, 27. Ac Bury, Mr. David Shadow.” eRe? At Framlingham, Mr. Blossy sen. 86. ~ At Wrentham, Mr. Charles Allear, 37. 75” At Great: “Finborough; Mr ane Groom, 89: Tne Rev. Talin Eade, rector of Cottaa, baa vicar of Tannington and Erdndish, Wi BS At East Berghole, Mrs. Khuale, Wife of the Revit Re ie Pt oN “% . -ESSEXS At a sale lately ‘held near’ East tres church, of 92 Merino s! heep, part of thie Fseuz rial: baal? 38 rains averaved 421-5s. and ohe was sold at 62 guineas ; ‘the ewes, Supposed’ to be in lamb; 34 int number, averaged 93), 14s. and 20 ccuples of lambs and ewes averaged 30L 17s: a two-teothed ewe, with an ewe lamb, was sold for 40 guineas. e Marrizd.] At Wanstead, -Mr."James Lait bert, of Barking, to Miss Je. Willis, “of West Ham. At ‘Witham, Jonathan, Bullock) jan. et. of Faulkborne Hall, to Margaret, eldest daughter of the Rev. ‘ina rand Downes. ai, At Chelmsford,* “Mrs BLP. Lewin, of Little Baddow,, to, Biicabevhy youngest Saugheeriof i vi ae the eh Ton. ° y ‘ ‘ _ Dial] “y —— a Oa i ee —=—hl 492 Died.] At Halstead, Lievt.-general Ur- ‘quhart. At Springfeld Hall, Charlotte, third daughter of M». Samuel Abrey. “At Southminster, Mrs. Alston, 77. At Harwich, Mr. George Peacock, 79. At Billericay, Mr. Thomas Joslin, 41. At Pourleigh, Mr. Daniel Kerricge. The Rev. John Houghton, B.A. vicar of White Cotne, und more than 53 years master of the grammar-school at Halsted, 79. At Colchester, Mrs. Elizabeth Manning, who had for vpwards of 30 years conducted the business of the post office there.—Mrs. «Jones, relict of Mr. J. late of Tolleshunt DArey, 'surceon . At Parstoes, Mrs. Fanshawe, relict of John Gascoyne F. esq. 63. At Great Salitig, Mr. Perry. At Writtle; Mrs. Plych, 66. At Dickley Hall, Miscley, Mr. Samuel -Risbee. At Moulsham, Miss Margaret Mayhew, 24. At Runwell, Miss Hardy. At Little Totham Hall, by the injury which she received in leaping our of a chaise, ‘through fright at’ the viciousness of a horse by which it was drawn, Mrs. Carter, wife of ~Mr. William C. é At Stisted, Mr. John Banes, 64. KENT. In the , interoat between the evening of ~ Saturday, April the 27th, and the following ‘Monday morning, the Union Bank, belonging “to Messrs. Baker and Co. in Canterbury, was entered by some unknown means, and notes and cash to 4 considerable amount (it is said 12,0001.) stolen from it. The circumstance was discovered about nine on Monday morn- ing, when the chief clerk, being about to proceed to the business of the day, found some obstruction in unlocking the iron door of one of.the closets, and on farther search it appeared .that this, as well as another closet, shat been opened and relocked, and that an iron chest which was fixed within-side of one of them had been forced open apparently by prizing the lid of it. This chest, besides the - notes: of ‘the firm, contained ‘also ‘the receipts and transactions of the bank on Saturday, which it was customary to ceposit there in the buik till the Monday following. Such, how- ever, was the systematic meihod with which this robbery was effected, that the checks paid in the course of Saturday, and the bjils not negociable, were sorted and separated from the other notes, and such only taken as could be pussed, consisting of Bank of Eng- Jand and local and p:ovincial notes; in addi- tion to these, a gold watch, and (what seems extraordinary the thieves should h-ve encum- bered themselyes with) the paper moulds of the firm were also taken. One hunored 11. - notes of the firm luckily escaped attention, and a pearl necklace of very congiderable valpe, which wes contained in asmall leathern ‘trunk, although the lock of the same was, [June 1, forced off, was also left. - How an entrance “was obtained into the benk is uncertain, as no violence appraied to have been used to the lock of the outer door, but it would seem that the Ircks of the iron doors had been picked and relocked, one of the wards haxing been twisted off in the act, and a piece of a smal] steel saw which had, been boner Was also left behind. On Tuesday. last the first stone of a a Bes Chapel was laidsin St. Peter’s-stveet, Canter bury, for the society in the connexicn of the, late Rev. ) Wesley,- who have, for the last 46 years, occupied a chapel in King-street. The premises wiil.be settled on trustees. who will be obliged, by the terms of t + r trust deed, to Wy out the ircome arising trom the premises in charitable and religious purposes for ever, Marricd.] At Dover, Capt. R. AElvomedtly Roya! Engincers, to Harriet, eleest daughter of Samuel Latham, esq. At Rochester, John May, esa. of the Ord- nance cepartment, Ceylon, to Miss Wood- cock.—Capt. Gordon Brimer, R.N: to. tea Glasse. At Smarden, Mr. Thomas Witheréen, of Biddenden, tu Miss Lydia Hopes. ~~ At Old Romney, Mr. W. Tunbridge, to Miss Frances ‘Tucsley. * At Canterbury, Mr. Welch, comedian, to Miss Elizabeth Simmonds. At Chatham, Mr. W, Matthews, gene to Miss Jane Coney. At Deal, Captain Clarke, of the Banbony Viceaallinwy transport, to Susannah, daughter of Mr Edward Oleson. $ Died.| At Fairy Hall, Isabella Alexandrina Louisa, daughter of the Count and Gitienens Byland. 11. At Woolwich, aged 82, Mr. Hugh. Mite chell, druggist there during 50 ‘years. His liberality in support of the Gospel, and tawards the poor, and exemplary deportment through his long life, have made his loss \puh- liciy felt and generally lamented in- ae seg an¢ neighbourhood. At Bromley,. John Stratton, ey af Liule Berkhamstead, Herts. At’ Sandwich, the Rev. John mane’, rector of St. Peter’s, pareiebiiy and of dnb ham, in this county. At Maidstene, Mrs. Elizabeth: Tope, a majden lady, 81.—Mr. Richard Cutbush, sen. At Stourmouch, Mr. Robert Wraith: © 5 At Elbam, Charles, son of Mr. John:Chap- main, 17.—Mr. W, Holladay, sen. 70. At Goodnestone, Marianne, fourth.daughter of the Jate Sir Brook Bridges, bart. 36. At Chartham, William Smith, sen. mg At Dover, Mr. W. Picrce, 85. SURRY. Married.| At Streatham, T bom. Harénan, esq. barrister, to Mrs. Shepley, relict of Richard S, esq. of Carshualron.— John Mé‘Tag- gart, esq. of Knot’s Green, to» Svsannah, daughter of John Kymer, esqe 25 SYR ict Died] 1811.] 2! Died. At. Tooting, Christopher Wilson, esq. of Aldermanbury, 84. ( *-At Ewell, Mrs. smith, wife of Richard Carpenter, S. esq. 69. At Epsom, the Rev.-J. Thomas. ~ At Kew, Mr. Wall, of Richmond, He sudiienly fell down, and instantly died. Mr. Wall .had come from Richmond to Kew, with two of his young children and a female servant, parposely to see the Prince Regent pass. © He fell down between his children, and was carried lifeiess into a neighbouring ~public-house.. Mr, Wall.was a very worthy man, very much respected at Richmond, and shas Jeft.a widow and nine childrén to lamént his prematore death. ‘known at Richmond for upwards of 120 years, 2s booksellers, stationers, and newsmen, and keepers of thé circulating library, since the commencement of that institution. , At his howse at-Stockwell Park, after a long sesson of bodily suffering, in the 65th year of his age, Thomas Woodrouffe Smith, an eminent merchant. With an extensive knowledge of the world and its concerns, of which his success in business affurded an am- . ple-proo®, he?possessed, what’ was fauch more meritorious, a benevolence of disposition, which, underthe guidance of great experience and strict integrity, induced him to recder important services on many occasions, to nu- - merous individuals in the conduct of ‘their affairs. ful and long-continued infirmity, his mind Was vigorously intent-upon objects connected with the. improvement and well-teing of human society, and in this'trying period of his existence, his perception seemed to be as glear as his benevolence was ardent. His con- ection with the rélizious Society of Friends, was at a period of life, when his judgment aaight be supposed to confirm his choice upon the stable: principle of rational conviction; and, with a strong attachment to the profes. sion he had adopted, he maintained a libe- ality of sentiment worthy of the enlightened Christian. The loss of such a man must be _ felt. by the community, and is sincerely regretted by the poor in his neighbourhood, who were constant partakers of his bounty. ha: i GSUSEEX. The fate of the Grand Southern-Canal Bill (says the Editor of the Lewes fournal) has given general satisfaction; particularly to the. * landed -interest on the proposed line of the > €anal. It was thrown out at the “second Teading in the Howse of Commons, upon a division, by nearly six to one.” The project for cutting the above. intended extensive canal,. was according to the printed case of the land owners, &c. who successfully op- posed the bill, one of the numerous class of * speculative projects»set on foot by persons, _ whose principal object it is to make advantage «by the sale of shares in the infancy of an undertaking; and chis project would have _ affected landed property of the valee of mike -~ : — Susser? His family has been. Whilst his body lingered under pain- 493 lions of money! The professed object of the Bili was toconvey commodities by water frona London to j’ort:mouth; this was to have been effected by a cut of about 96 miles in extent, between Portsmouth and Tuabridge; from whence the remaining transit-to London, was to depend on other navigations, the first of which would have been thirty miles up tie tiver Medway, (a most defective. navigation) private property, the owners of which might have refused admittance of craft, unless upon - their own terms: the further part of the transit was to have been through the Thames and Medway canal, an unfinished work, and then up the Tbames, from below Graves- end to London, making a circuit of more than doublé the distance from London to: Ports= mouth, by land! To effect this work, four— teen hundred acres:of land, (the greatest part of it in the highest state of cultivation) would have been consumed by the c#nal and ‘se- servoirs, and-some of the first estates in the tountry have been literally cut to pieces. The estimated expence. of ‘this undertaking was 741,490]. and this: would in all pro. bability have beem swelled to uowards. of a million sterling!, How could the interest of such asum have been raised, ina country: without manutactures, and in which manure is at present procured-at a much cheaper rate than it could have been by the proposed canal. We have on. former occasions exe press¢d ourselves good wishers to a canal from London to Portsmouth; and are still of opi- nion, that a properly chosen line, (and such a one it is said is now in contemplation) ra- mifying, by the rivers Adur and Quse, to the ports of Shoreham and Newhaven, would be found not only convenient, but very ad= vantageous to the kingdom at large. The commissioners for Newhaven Piers, with a laudable attention to the public.con- venience, have not only ceused lights to be exhibited at proper hours in the night, on the Pier-head, but have also placed buoys in such situations, as to matk the channel most distinctly in the day-time. The lights ate upon the most simple construction, poiating out the direction of the channel by being kepp in che. Married.|; Mr. T.. Palmer, jun. of East Grinstead, to Harriet, only daughcer of the Rev. William Jackson, of Rye. _ At Hawkhurst, Mr, Thomas Cooper, so» licitor of Lewes, Sussex, to Lucy Elizabeth, ‘second daughter of T. Durrant, esq. of Sule- burst Park, ‘ ' Mr. James Skinner, jun. of Alfriston, to Miss Hawes, nieceand heiress of the late wal- thias Caldecot, esq. of Sherrington House. Died.] At Egieston Place, near Storring- ton, Mrs. Pacty Foreman, a maiden. lady, - aged 71. She possessed considerable property, bar, having no relation living, she bequeathed tre greatest part of it, upwards of 60,900). to her bailiff}; in addition to which she gave a Iogacy of 1WOUK. & ene vi his daughters, At eS eS a, CU Tne Oe ee + 404 At Masfield, the Rev. John Kirby, 68. At Patcham, Mrs, Eerages 35. At Southover, Mis. Rogers, splice of TuRs gent. 83. At Rinemer, Mrs. Shadwell, 70. At Portslade, Mrs. Borrer. \ Ar Ashdown House, John Fuller, esq. At Worthing, Mrs. Cogger. Ar Chichester, Mr. Wilnihurst, ser. —John, youngrst.son of Mr. James Lacey, 16. At Sidlesham, Mr. Follet. At Shopwick, near Chichester, Mrs. S‘ew- art, relict of seer een S. of the 5 Ty Astillerys . ’ HAMPSHIRE. That atile pile, Wirthester Palace, which was erected by King Charles II. from a design of Sir Christopher Wren, was used Jn the. American. war,.asa French, Dutch, and Spanish. prison, afterwards. formeil the recep- tion of French emigrants, and, till of late, served as military quarters, until from; dila- pidations, the.too.great height and size,.of some-of the rooms, and other causes, it was condemned.as such. It.is. now converted into a.permanent barrack=for the reception of 4,800. infantry, in comfortable lofty. rooms, , to contain twelve men each, with some con-- venient bedsteads (so constructed as. when turned up.to afford a good seat), large stove- grates, tables, forms, arm-racks, ~ shelves, closets, é&c. &c. for the comfort of the sol- @iers; and excellently ventilate, by:-means of a simple tube periorated with -heles;- and what is:particularly convenient, in*bad wea- ther, the whole of the troops may be paraded: with ease under cover, in the different exe tensive galleries. The wings are fitted up in a very superior: manrer for. the officers. The. extent of the building from East to West is 216 feet, from Nerth to South 398 feet. assis} Lieutenant Barnes,’ of this Ma jesty’s ship, Victory, to Miss Kentish, of Weovil, near Gosport. At Alversicke, the Rev. J. Purkis, ° of Southampton, to Miss Johnson, of Gosport. —Jobn Hargraves, esq. of the Sussex militia,’ to Harriot, second daughter of Major Whit- -eumb, of Gospait. , At Romsey, Mr. Daniel Sharpe, jon. banker, to Harriets eldest daughter of Mr. Clement Sharp. . Died:] At~-Hazeley Heath, Ann, third - daughter of the late William Jepsen, esq. of Lineoin. At Southampton, the-Hon, Benrietta Dil- lon, daughter of Viscount Dillon, of Paabiey House, Oxfordshire. in his 76th year, Andrew Williams, esq. of Devonshire-street, Portland-place, Lomdony and formerly of Seuthampton. He was at Mis. Taylor’s, «at.the Polygon, on a visit for afew .wecks, with his son. Ele went to hed at night in periect health, but was a corpse by eight in the morning, defore any medical assistance:could be had. This gentleman had ’ been physician ascot and a-colone}, ja the ie oe : eat) F musing, paces East India Company’s service at Bengal. - 7 At Wakefield; “near Winchester, Eicdtestinte ‘general Loftus Tottenham, culonel of the 55chk regiment of infantry, 99. St Farcham, the Rev. John: Weolls, rector of that parish.—In Jersey, the Rev. John La Clocke, rector of the parish of Trinity, © ¢ At Kingston, b’r. Woolcridge. At Grange, near Titchfield, Philip: Osbal- diston, esq. formerly i in the Port trade.° : At Winchester, in consequence of her apron accidentally taking fire, Mys. Holer way. At Kitchill, Tsté cif Wight, John, only soa of Jchn Popham, esq. 20. . At Newport,’ Henry Trattle, esq: “fathgt of the corporation, 92. At Portsmouth, Mrs. Breadon, relies of Captain B. of the WRoyal Marines.—Miss Moseberry.—Mr. Twyncham.—Mr. Norris, many. years warchouse-keeper at the cus tom-house of this port.—Mrs: Good, -77¥ —Mr, Pope. 3 At Shaldes;. near Alton, ‘Thomas Smith, esq. 49. 8 At Lymington, Mr. J. B. Moody, surgeon; At Pouncefoot Hill, ngar Romsey, Mrs. Boorn, At (Guristichsecks Mrs. Slann, wife. of James Bright, S. esq. $4. At Bishop's Waltham, the Rev. Charles Walters, curate of that parish, 62. He had for many years, jointly with his brother; the Rew, Jolm Walters, and ais latterly with his son, the Rev. Charles Walters, conducted the grammar-school -at Waltham, which has produced many respectable persons jin the ariny, the navy, and in trade, and who, from a respect to their tutor, andfrom friendship formed at echool, instituted an anniversary in 5 the town commemorative of pastevests, He went oft from Winchester-college to Trinity college, Oxford; having logt his election fur New-college; and, on quittiog. school, ‘Dr. Warton took’ him by the hand, end, with tears at parting said, he had not left -his'su- perior for good morals or orderly conducts When in deacon’s orders, he obtained rhe chaplaincy of Newportin the Isle of Wight, where he established'a school; and after tea years residence there, he, on the death of the Rev. Mr. Evans (who succeeded the Rev, Mr. Gibson, at Bishup’s Waltham), removed to that place, carrying many of -his pupils - with him, and where he raised by his cha+—~ racterva respectable seminary, in which: he was assiducusly assisted by his brother be. fore-named, and-also by his son. The Sun, dey preceding his death, he-preached an ani~; mated discourse to an attentive audience on_ repentance. On. Tuesday he went to theex-,, tremity of his. parish, to, administer the.sa-.. crament to a. sick gentleman. ‘he next_ morning, in school, he found himself unwell, and went home to-breakfast, became chillv, and added to his-dress; cuuld not. artend, A a asi. morning prayers, which his gon did for him at church; was seized at noon with a pain in his side, buds bled, grew rapidly worse, and at midnight peacefully resizned his spirit to his Maker, without pain, strogzle, or groan, dying as he had lived. The fgllowing Sunday, the worthy rector preached fram tne Reve- Jations, “‘ I heard a voice from Heaven,” &c. to a congregatiun in tears; and, when he had finished, sat dawn in the pulpit and wept himself, The faneral, it is. compted, was attended by about 1300 persons, whose .be- thaviocr expressed their feelings: the parish ‘may be sixteen miles.in‘circumference, and in ‘it 1700 souls. The procession-was led by the rector and the two medical gentlemen bare- headed, from the house to.the church, “through a crowd of spectators, with many of. ‘the French and Dutch prisoners in town, who ‘uncovered as it passed, Opposite the school, ‘the puoils, haviog furmedthemse ves into two _ Sines,. of their own accord, permitted the pro- ‘cession to pass between them, and then fol- Mowed in the rear of the mourn ers, and, by- “their attentive, affectionate, and orderly, con- ‘duct, gained the esteem of the whole au- ‘ditory. The service wes read by the rector, sand thus terminated the earthly carser of a faithful parish priest. These particulars ex- ‘emplify almost the primit ive ages pf Chris- Rianity, from the mutual love and esteem sub- sisting between ministers and people. It is “mentioned to shew, where such harmony “exists, what an excellent tendency it has to Promote the happiness of a-parish. The se- "\paration was as affectionate as the Apostle Paul experienced, when the church wept at his depar-ure, on his YIREs They would see his face no more. WILTSHIRE. Married.] At Little Bédwin, J. F. New- “ton, esq. of Jesus’ College, Cambridge, to * Elizabeth, daughter of the late William Kent, “esq. of Little Bedwin. ; ' At Bradford, Mr. A. Maris, of Wheyatts, » to Miss Gales =f Died.| At Easton Grey, Mr. Tanner. / At Salisbury, Mrs. Hussey, wife of James “H. esq. 28.—Mrs. Wright, Widow of Mr. W, “late keeper of the county goal, and mother of «Mr. Willis, the present keepet.—Mrs. Wap- “share, relict of C. William S. esq.—Mr. » George Fry, of the Cross Key’sinn. He was Boing Up stairs at an inn in Devizes; where he had arrived on business an hour or two hetore ; when he unfortunately missed his hild of ‘the Jbalusters, and feil backward, by which ‘one “of, his arms: was brolten, and he was much : bruised i in'the sides “He was conveyed” home, _ Sand Surgical skill were wnavailing, _ he Jan- -) Buished a week, and then empire’, in bis 4th | UR parstien, Mr. Charles Page. addington, Mrs, P. Blake, . Vedhampton, 7) “Noyes Lewis, esq.” WilishireBerkshire. : ame 495 “At Milston, near eaecoery mi: Witliaas Hayden. At. Devi eS; Dr. Spalding, Rhode benes volent disposition and avsidiiity in the ‘duties of his piotessich, had” gained him generad esteem, and whose Sloss will be sensibly Fele _and lo»; Beploréd by the poor of that: twa and neighbourhodd. At aie ley Barrel, Mary Jane, wite of the Rev. Robert Ash-, rector of that parish. At’ Cricklade, the Rev. We Waveil, * BERKSHIRE. His Majesty, in testimony? of the affec~ _tionate services and attéation of the Jate’ ‘Miss _ Gascoigne, to the departed Princess Amelia ; has ordered a marble tablet to her memory» to be placed on the right land aisle of Saint Georze’s Chapel, Windsor, with the follow= ing inscription — ; ‘KING GEORGE. caused to be interred near this place athe body’ of MARY GASCOIGNE, Servant to the Princess AMELIA 3 * and this Stone tobe insctibed ia testimony of his’ grateful sense of the, faithful services and attachmen ‘of an amiable young woman to his beloved idatstiverse: 61 whom she survived only three months, » She died 29th of February, 2841. The’ following is’a correct account of the ‘royal sepulclire now constructing im MWol- sey’s tom)-hotise’at Windsor :+~+This building adjoining the east*end’of St. Geotge’s chapel, was erected by Henry’ VIL. asia’ mausoleum for himseif ‘and his successors 3: but this mo- narch having determined dna more nodledesign at. Westminster, this:structure remained neg~ lected €i11 Cardinal Wolsey obtained’a! grant from Henry VIIf. The prelate*inredded it “for his owa burial place, «and with a profusion of ‘expéncE began a most: sumptuous monue “ment, but his disgtace prevented its comple. tion, During the civil wars it was despoiied of all its splendour; james Pl. having con Vertéd this builing into a Podish chapel, the religiots zeal of the populace was exercised ‘in the destraétion of its windows and internal decorations. “In the ruinous state tin. which jt was then left it’ remainedetill ithe: ycar 1800, whetn by order’of his Majesty:cthe ex- terior was it part repaired.” Wariousawere th: conjectures as to the future appropriation of the building, when in November lasmthe den ‘terminacion to cotivert*it into aeroyal eme= tery was carried into efivet, The workmen employed iff removing theseurth then di-- “covered two’ coffins in a'stone recess; about _ © with faint hopes of his recovery; but medical, ° three feut below the surface ;one. gant: wining the remains ‘of *Klizabérh, Wydvilie, Queen of Edward 1V~ the dcher chat of Saorge, the third “son ef the’said ‘king ‘and queen, trom “this time the ‘work “iias’ rapidly: procée dad, 'An_excavation has! Séen “formed . inv thedry rock of shall, of the Whole lengtivans widen ‘of 496 ef the building, to the depth of 15 feet from the surface. In this the sepulchre is con Structing, The dimensions of the tomb are 70 feet in length, 28 in width, and 14 in depth. _The receptacles for bodies on the sises of the tomb are formed by massive Go thic columns, of an octagon shape, supeorting a range of four shelves, cach of which in the space between the columns will contain two bodies, the whole range of each side admit~ ting 32 bodies. At the east end are five niches for the reception of. as many coflins, In the middle it is intended ,that 12 low tombs should be erected for the soveteigns; Fhe sepnichre will thus contain 81 bodies. The. columns are of a fine Bath stone, and the shelves of Yorkshire stone: A subter- Tantous passage will be carricd from the vault to the floor of the choir of St. George’s chae pel, in which an aperture will be mage for the bodies to descends, From the columns will Spting a vaulted roof over the tomb. ‘The building-itself is intended for a Chapter-house for the service of the Order of the Garter. In completion of this design, the present cieling painted by Verrio, which is much de- faced, will be taken away ; and a Gothic roof, in unison with the general character of the building, will be substituted. The whole will undergo a complete repair, many inter- nal decorations are now preparing. lie se- pulchre, which is distinguished by a simpli- city, elegant and grand, incites the spectator to a solemn consideration of the purposes to which it will be appropriated. The holy places in which the ashes of departed great- ness rest, are ever contemplated with a sa- ered awe3 nor is the impression less powerful, when, in the observation of a mausoleum des- tined to receive the last remains of existing and unborn grandeur, the mind wanders in the abyss of futurity, and pursues a long suc- cession of monarchs and their progeny who may here sleep, until the tombs render up their dead. The sepulchre is from the desiga of Matthew. Wyatt, esq. Mairied.] A. J. Croft, esq. eldest son of James Croit, esq. of Greenham Lodge, to Mrs. J. F. Nicholls, relict of J. F. Nicholls, esq. and daughter of H. Mount, esq.—Mr, Thomas Cowderoy',.of Woolhampton, to Miss Lovelock, daughter of the late Edward Love- lock, esq. of Newtown. : At Marcham, Mr. Wright, to Miss Os. Lorne. - ‘ Died ] At Windsor, aged 79, John Lyster, serjeant and drum-major in the Stafford mi- Jitia. He had served his cvuntry from his **ycuth up,” having fought under his late Majesty George Ll. in Germany 3 with Wolie, ar Quebec; he way likewise at the battle of Bunker’s Hill, and was actively and zealously engoged during the greatest part of the Ame- rican war. He was the senior drum-major ia the army, heving held that station forty-six “years; tbe Jast ghinty in the above regiment. Fie was highly distinguished in the service by Somerselshire. [Tune te A the peculiar elegance of his salute, and ree spected for the integrity of his character. s At West Hunney, near Wantage, Mr. Johm Wicks, 73. ; ‘At Marcham, James Symonds, esq. At Abinggon, Mrs Frances Thorpe, 57. Ac Husley, near Reading, Edward Sher- wood, esq. ; At her father’s house at Greenham, near Newbory, in the 93d year of her age, Ann Eliza Bicheno, elder daughter of the Rev. J. B. Her death was occasioned by a singular asd long protracted constipation of twenty-ceven months! and for two years of which time her general health and good spirits were such as to prevent all alarm, or even suspicion, of the enemy that was silently d positing the materials of death. As a warning buth to such as may be afflicted with tois decciving. and dreadtul disease, and to those from whom medical assistance may be sought in similar cases, farther particulars will probably - be published in some physical work. Burt, in recording this melancholy event, it would be injustice to the amiable virtues of the de- | ceased, not toadd, that very few leave behind them such traces of female excellence. One chief beauty of her character was, that she shone most in the discharge of the duties of that particular station in which Providence had placed her; kind, open-hearted, and cheerful, she enlivened ali around her, and her place in the domestic circle and among her friends, will often be viewed with that melting reflection, ‘* The place that knew her will know her no more!’ But the prief which we suffer for the loss of such valuable friends, is always mingled with a balm to soften its anguish. When we look back and contemplate their lives, what consolation can be greater than to know that they were pious, benevolent, and worthy to be loved? The thought of the death of such cannot be un- connected with that of their immortality; and selfish indeed must that heart be that gives itself up to imamodcrate sorrow, and obsti. nately rejects that comfort, which a wells founded hope of their arrival at perfection presents. And, in the affliction which we here record, it is an unspeakable consolation to the parents and friends of the departed, to reflect that, whilst she lived in health, sbe delighted in doing good, and that when by, the most distressing of diseases, she was called to encounter death, she was able to triumph over his terrors, and to comfort them who sought to comfort her. ; SOMERSETSHIRE, On the 12th of April, about two o'clock in the afternoon, a fire broke out in Merrictt, neer Crewkerne, by which about apes. Fhare dwelling-houses and cottazes, ides out- houses, é&c. were completely destroyed. It originated in the malt-house of Mr, John Murly, common brewer. The wind, being uncemmonty high, the flames extended with such rapidity, as to render almost useless auy 3 aitempts ' $511.) Sttempts to extinguish them,, so that in the fourse of about four hours nothing was left of the houses but the bare walls. , We are happy in being enabled to correct an error in regard to Sydenham Teast, esq. of Bristol, whose name was incladed in the Obituary of our last Number; having the authority of that respectable gentleman him- self, for assuring his friends that he is in good health. If he will take the trouble to refer to the files of the Bristol or Bath papers, he will most probably find the source ftom which this Statement was derived. If persons resident on the spot are often imposed upon in such particulars, it cannet appear surprizing that mistakes of this kind should sometimes creep into the pages of the Monthly Magazine. Married.) At Bath, De Lacy O’Brien, esq. nephew of the late Marshal De Lacy, to Mijs Simpson, only daughter of the late Captain Sa e=Mr. John Harrison, of Poole, to Martha Haydon.—BryantTroughton, jun. esq banker, Coyentry, to Miss Maria Goulden, of Temple Cloud. At Frome, Sparks, Martin Phelps, esq. of Liangwarren, Pembroke, second son of John Martin, esq. of Withybush, to Mary, second daughter of John Douglas Middleton, esq. banker. _ Died.] At Bath, in bis 84th year, Sir Wil- liam Addington, who for upwards of twenty- three years was a magistrate of the Public Office, Bow-street, in which situation he evinced a spirit, fidelity, and zeal, for the pub- lic good, highly honourable to his character. In the year 1795, at a meeting in St. Pancras- fields, he was particularly active, and in, the those of the year 1780) no magistrate a stood more conspicuously distinguished. In the memorable affair of Hadfield, he acted by popular ferment, for which he, was re- markable; and although his judgment at the commented upon, the correctness and inte- grity of both, were afterwards sanctioned, on the trial of that unfortunate man, by the ver- dict of a jury, under the direction of Lord Kenyon. Sir William withdrew from his public situation, but the treatment he ex- periencéd in this affair, was a source of dis- tie ce him. curing his remaining days. n him were united the utmost generosity of disposition, and liberality of sentiment, with accomplishments particularly characteristic of the gentleman and scholar. -His elaborate * Abridgment of the Penal Statutes,’ is a work, ey for utility, and remarkable per. Spicuity of arrangemen:, has been greatly ad- mired.—-Ms, Chetwynd, selict of William ory C. esq. of Grendon, Warwickshice, and aunt'to D. S. Dugdale, esq. M. P. forthac “gounty.--Mrs. Jenkins, relict of John]. esq. of Stow, Gloucestershire, 72.— Anthony Deane, €5q-—0, O. Elliot, esq. of Binfield, Berks, e=—Mra, Elizabeth Randolph, eldest surviving onrnry Mag. No. 213, Dorsetshire—Devonshire. suppression, of many riots, (especially in . with that penetration and firmacss, unshaken — time was questioned, and conduct severely. ag daughter of the Jate Herbert R. Camon of Salisbury.——William Colyerden, esq. of Lae vender House, Henley, Oxon.—Mrs, Clarke. —Mrs. Rochfort, wife of John R. esq. of Clogrennan, county of Carlow.—Mr, Mat- thew Miller, solicitor.—-Mrs. Wynne, relict of the late William Wynne, of Werp, in the county of Carnarvon, esq. and dayghter and sole heiress of the late Edward Williams, ¢sq- and the Right Honourable Viscountess Bulkee ley, of Peniarth, inthe county of Merioncthe —Benjamin Hollingworth, esq. of Dalston, near Hackney.—Mrs. Jane Davies, daughte® of the late Dr. D.—Mrs. Incledon, wife of Mt» I, comedian, and daughter of Mr, Howells of this city.—-Mrs. Davenport, wife of Wil- hiam Yelverton D. esq. of Davenport Houses Shropshire. —Mrs, Hedges, relict of Thomas H, esq. many years resident at Widcombe House, near this city; and enly surviving daughter of Stantord Wolferstan, esq. of State fold-hall, near ‘Tamworth, Staffordshire. William Hatsell, esq. formerly major of the 19th regiment of fout, 74.—-Mrs. Jane Davies, daughter of the late Dr. D,—-Charles young- est som of Thomas Read, esq.—Fitzherbert Richards, esq.—-S. P. Bean, esq. of Stoke under Hamden.—Mrs. Woodhouse, wife of Mr. W. of the White Hart Inn.—Mr. Dow- land, a young and promising member of the Bath Dramatick Company.—Emilia, wife of J. Westenra, esq.tate lieutenant-colonel of tac 9th dragoons. At Kingsdown, William Clarke, esq, s9- licitor of Bristol. 4 ‘ At Stoke under Hamden, John Ban- field, esq. . At Bridgewater, Mrs. Mary Bowering, 74... At Taunton, Mary, relict of Major general Douglas. Be At Wells, Mr. Ballin.—Mr. James Knight. At Bristol, Marianne, fourth daughter of John Savery, esq. 20.—=Miss Moens, daughter of Adrian M. esq. DORSETSHIRE. - ; Married.} Peter Graham, esq. of Witn- borne, to Elizabeth, youngest daughter of Stephen Burt, esq. of: Witchampton. ba At Dorchester, Mr. J. Windsor, aged 16 to Miss Keates of Fordington, 15. Died.} At Oakford: Fitzpsine, the Rev. Thomas Buller, rector of that parish aad ef North Barrow, Somerset. ‘ : At Yeovil, Mrs. Shew, 89. At Corfe, Mrs. Lee, wife of Mr. Samuel L. of Hill farrence. : At Dorchester, Mr. Thomas Brind, 82. At Stockhouse, Huish Wolcot, esq. of Lyme, 59. At Sherborne, Pretor, eldest son of Samme) Whitty, esq. 16. DEVONSHIRE. . An entire iron boat, which éarrie? eight tons; has been built at the Mount Foundéry Tron Works in Tavistock ; it wag launched on the Tavistock Canal, Great discovee ries have recently been made in the tunne} $s undeg * - 4 under Morwaldown, which forms part of this ¢anal; rich veins of copper ore, of amazing thickness, begin to show themselves, and “promise an abundant profit to the proprietors ‘in this spirited undertaking. The Streight, called the Bridge, between “the island and the Redding Point, at the en- trance of Plymouth harbour, is as fatal to ships-boats, in a squall of wind, particularly “from S.S.E. as the Streights between Scylla “and Charibdis, in the Mediterranean 3 and in “the course of the last twelve years, by endea- “vouring to pass this dangerous pasea¥e, no less than fifteen men of wars’ boats, of difterent “descriptions, liave been swamped; three “captains of the navy, two lieutenants, four “midshipmen, and nearly sixty-five seamen, ‘have been drowned. * Married.] At Teignmouth, Samuel Gib- © "bons, esq. of the army medical staff, to Miss Paddon.—John Betts, esq. of Knowle House, “near Bristol, to Emma, eldest daughter of “P.M. Young, esq. : Died.| At Tiverton, the Rev. William . “Walker, rector of Broughton Gifturd, Wilts, “and of Sainswitk, Somersetshire, prebendary of Wells, and in the commission of the peace ‘for this county. * At Exeter, Captain Titus Conyers, of the Royal Marines, 85.—Captain Edward Batson, of the East Kent militia.—Mr. Daniel Har- “told, 81: ; ‘At Teignmouth, Mrs. Brydges, and a few days afterwards her husband, Capt. B. of the Royal Nayy.—Miss Jane Abrams, At Sandford, William Brown, esq. At’ East Budleign, Mrs. Yeates, wife of M.L. Y. esq. banker, Exmouth. At Paignton, Clara, only daughter of the ‘Rev. Mr. Compton, 22. At Crediton, Mrs. Mary Pope, 87. At Plymouth, Rear-admiral J. G. Kinneer, 58.—Mr. Piercy, 79.—Mrs, Margaret Aus- % tia, 78. P At Aylesbeare, the Rev. H, Marker, jun. At Alphington, “Lucy, wife of Edward . Barnell, esq. of Demarara, .. .AtExeter, Mrs. Blair, wife of Colonel B. ef Bayford, Herts, 30. ; ; . CORNWALL. "+ On Monday the 18th of February, 1811, ‘ «two labourers being employed by a person of the name of Thomas Mannell, to raze the barrow near Chacewater, called Creege Broaz - Sparrow, for the purpose of manuring a field, which he rents of Lord Falmouth, discovered a.small urn at the bottom of the barrow, in ‘the centre of its base, and 20 inches-under the surface of the field. The urn was in- itelosed by five stones, four of which were placed on their edges, and formed a square, whilst the fifth, being placed on the top, be- came a barrier to the mingling of the super- ” . incumbent earth, with the coatents of this pesmi ot tS ine Cornwall—Wal es. rude sepulchre. In the urn were blacle ashes, and round it a considerable quantity ° (about two gallons) of ashes and humap bones, in a state of great decay. The urn is made of baked clay, and of a greyish stont~ colour, and, in figure, resembles very much that in the 18th Plate of Borlase’s Antie quities, said to be found in Perran Sanda, except that it does not taper so much at the base, and is about half the size. It isS inches 6-8ths wide at top, three inches 1-4th wide at the bottom, and is five inches 1-4th high ; the thickness is {-4th of an inch, and it is “rudely indented on the outside in a very ire ‘regular manner, with the point of some tool. Tt varies also from the Perran urn, in having “a handle very similar to such as are now affixed tg our common stone jars. WMarried.| At Padstow, Captain James Yeas. ‘to Miss May. : At Fowey, Mr. William Hocken, to Miss Cowling, daughter of Captain William C. of the London trade. ( At Gluvias, Charlotte Thomas. Died.] At Falmouth, Captain D‘Arcy, of the 47th regiment, of a decline, in conse- quence of a cold caught in hard service ‘at Cadiz, 25.—Mrs. Edmonds, relict of Captain E. At Truro, Mrs. Martin.—Mary, daughter of Mr. Crossman. + F At Mevagissey, Mrs. Mary Webb. At Gorran, Mr. John Davey, 96. At Trescow, Scilly, Mr. James Pender, 53. At Croft West, Thomas Michell, esq. 84e —LEdward, son of Francis Paynter, esq. of ~Trekenning. At Helston, Sophia, wife of the Rev. Ed- ward Rogers, prebendary of Sarum, 27. At Whiteley House, Humphrey Lawrence, esq. one of the free burgesses of Launceston. At Marazion, Mrs. Thomas, 70. At Pentire Glaze, St. Minver, Miss Je- nefer Hick, 16, . At Penzance, the Rev. John Thomas Thompson, Nicholl, esq. to Miss WALES. A sogiety has recently been formed at Llan- gollen, in aid of the British and Foreign Bible Society in London ; and the zeal and activity of the clergy in promoting Sunday schools throughout the principality is very successful, ‘The country gradually improves in know, . _ledge, civilization, and every christian vir- tue, the evident effects of these laudable ine stitutions. ' Married.) At Lanishen, William Davies, esq. of Ponty Pandy, Glamorgan, to Frances, second, daughter of the late John Knight, esq. of Lanblithian. _ ly Died.] At Wenvoe Cottage, the Rev. David Davies, rector of Landough, and vicar of Roath, near Cardiff, _ nappa At Moatgomery, Mr. John Poundley, ‘ aor iy F x “., asters « i [June 2 le ee ee | : W811.) ‘master of the free-school, and clerk to the ‘commissioners of taxes for several divisions ‘of that county. At Swansea, Mrs. Oldisworth, wife of the Rev. Mr.,O. curate of St. Mary’s, Swansea, and daughter of the Rev. Edward Sparkes, vicar of Fairford, Glocestershire, 45. —Cap- tain Rowe, 63: At Groes,.near Denbigh, John Jones, esq. 4&t Pante Cottage, near Builth, Mr. ‘tho- mas Jones, surgeon, iy i At (era Mine,,Carnarvon, Mrs. Edwards, relict.of Timothy Edwards,.esq. a captain in the Royal Nayy,,and mother of Colonel E. of WNanthoran,—The..Rev. Mr. Daviesy curate of Lauzharne. i At Margam, Glamorganshire,. Hopkin Liewellyn, 89, Aged 22, Mrs. Symes, wife of E.,B: 7S. esq. of Brynhafod, near Llansilo, Caermar- thenshire, and daughter o; Willam Jemmett, esq. late of Little Milton House, Oxtord- shire. - In the parish of Lanspythi id, Breconshire, Thomas Powsll, 80. At the age of 71, he married his ‘second wife, by whom he had _ five children, all now living: his eldest son is fifty nine, and his youngest child is one ig old. ; NORTH: BRITAIN. The great undertaking of erecting a light- douse on the Bell or: Cape Rock, having been completed, and the lanterns lighted up in the beginning of February last, the vessel, which had been mooréd with mushroom anchors off the rock, as a temporary floating’ light, be- came no longer usefulin that capacity, and was removed to Leith as soon as the weather avould permit. A4it: July, 1807, and remained stationary. till the 114 February last, about three years and seven months. Her bottom, it was naturally Yo be expected, would be. very foul; byt, in this respect, it surpassed any idea that had been formed. It presented, indeed, a very singuiar spectacle, being completely invested with a thick coating of sea-weeds, muscles, mollusca, and zoophytes. The larger sea- weeds, chiefly Fucus, Digitatus, and F. escu- dentus, were in general, from 4 to 5 feet long The muscles were of the species called My- tilus pellucidus, of a large size, and in the most Vigorous state of health, as indicated by the. well-marked stria on their shells. In general, they measured three inches and a half in length, and onedinch in breadth. Some of the common.acorn-shell (Ballanus communis) were so uncommonly large, that they mea- sured an inch and a hair in diameter at the. base. Solen minutus was abundant. specimens, of the, Doris papiliosa achered to " warious parts of the-hulil; with numerous small marine vermes of the genera Aphrodia, Nereis, Lineus, and others. . By the attention of Mr. Stevenson,,, engincer for northern- lights;.specimens of all the different vermes, shells, and sea-weeds, found on the vessel, were preserved, North Britein—Deaths Abroad, She had been moored on the , Many ~ 499 Died.] At Fortrose, aged 41, Tohn Watson, esq. late of Trelawney, Jamaica, one of the magistrates of that burgh, much ree spected and lamented. —Mrs. Mann, 84°" + At Cromarty, aged 74, Mrs. tinge pull ~and justly regretted, . > neta DEATHS ABROAD. At Hazelymphy i in, jamaica, . James ‘Charkes. | Lawrence, esq, of Hazelymph and, Saint Ives.” He had been a member of the Assembly, and, was descended from tjye notable: fenry Law Tence, of Saint Ives, i in Huntingdonshire, and Saint Margaret’s, in Hertiordsbire, By resident ~ of the Coungil of State, and ane.ot. Cropa wel” c peers. In November, last, at Cawnpore, Qudey f Benga}, after a few hours illness, Ziiza, wig - of Samuel G, Evans, esq. of the Honourable Company’s Establishment,..and. only child of the Rev, William Lucas, of Doctors’-Coms - mons, Of this amiable lady? s life, the lash, * nine years were possed in India ; where; from her correct deportment, engaging manners, and genuine wit, heightened) by a fascinating sprightliness which might be truly, termed ~ peculiar. to herself, she was received in the first circles with approbation and esteem; but, after all, the best praise that can be given her. -ia, that which she deserved asa dayghter, g” wife, a mother, and a friend. At Prince Edward's Island, J. M. “Macdoy nald, esq. of Iracadie; a gentleman of very, coamdncabla property and literary attain= * ments, late captain of the 84th regiment of foot. In the same island, of an apoplecric ft, Roe bert. Hodgson, esq. late of Causeway Foot, near Keswick, Cumberland, Speaker of the House of Assembly, Clerk of the Lrowns Coroner and Prothonotary of the Supreme Ceurt. Both of these gentlemen are much regretted, especially the latter, whose places will, perhaps, never be again so ably filled, Cn board his Majesty’s ship Bulwark, on ~ her passage from Cadiz, Thomas Fred: erig Nicolay, esq. senior staff surgeon of the Bri- tish army in the Peninsula. This ‘zealous and faithful servant of his king and country after a peried of nearly eighteen years active service in Egypt, at Copenhagen, in Portu- gal, and Spain, gc. &c. fell a victim to the efiects of the fever which’ raged ia Cadiz, in December last,. having caught the infection ia the conscientious discharge of his profes- sional duties. As he lived esteemed afd res spected, so he dicd, at the early ape of 36 years, most sincerely and justly regretted by all who had an opportunity of knowing I his many gublic agd private virtues. At Rome, Cardinal Erskine, a younger . : son of Colin Erskine, of Cambo, in Fife, ~ son of >ir Charles Erskine, of Cambo, baronet, His father was a painter, educated tn’ his profession at Rome, and married there’a Ro= man lady of respectable birth. § He was a man of talent, a good scholar, 4 true Scots’ pat * tr iot, ‘an honest man, and aj excellent com- panion. MONTHLY [ 500 J (Junety MONTHLY COMMERCIAL REPORT. BRITISH TRASE AND ManuracTuReEs.—The expulsion of the French out of Portugal has once more opened a trade with that country, and, in consequence of it, vast quane tities of goods of the manufacture of Great Britain are now shipping for Lisbon and Oporto, among which the manufactures of Manchester, &c &c. will not be of the least in quantity. Linens, calicocs, and woollencloths, arein great demand in Portugal. Provisions, as hams, bacon, cheese, porter, &c. command a ready sale, with good profit attached to them, pros wided the quality is good, as the consumption of our own troops of these asticles must be ver considerable indeed. Large quantities of hay and straw have been exported, as the country does not preduce such as our army require, and there is no doubt the speculators in it’ - will benefit considerably. Inthe neighbourhood of Oporto, the peasants are returned to the eultivation of the vine as usual, so that a considerable reduction may be expected i the coursé @f next year, in the price of their wines, now selling at the enormous price of 1201. to 1251; “per pipe! The exports of British manufactured goods to Spain is limited, as the trade is con« @ned to Cadiz alone, and the consumption there for our exports but trifing. Franece.—-The commerce with this country being at present cut off, we only have to ‘ State, that the prices of West India produce were, within a few weeks past, as follows, at Paris: refined sugar, 58. to 5s. 6d. per Ib. weight; raw sugar, 9s. 6d. to 2s. Bd. per Ib. j Coffee, 7s..to 76. 6d. per Ib. Thus Bonaparte plays on his subjects, by prohibiting the ims port of our colovial produce intothe Continent. We are assured from a gentleman who lately wade his escape from a French prison, that coarse woollen cloth, such as sells here for 12s. 4 yard, is worth 60 frances, or 58s. British, per yard: so much for the woollen manufactures this country! Wines, brandies, and all kind of produce of France, are offered at any price there, but no purchasers for them ; hence arise the late considerable failures of the oncé Most respectable houses on the Continent. Rags, sych as our paper-makers want for the mills, are the principal article that France abounds with, and if they could be brought hither, would prove a good speculation to the importer. ) mesa wh : PoxrtruGaL.—The commerce of this country begins once more to revive, as there is 2 ant of every kind of British manufactured goods throughout the whole country, and cons siderable orders are now executing in all the manufacturing towns of Great Britain. The €normous discount on paper money has found its level, and confidence among the merchants; &x. &c. revives fast; so that we may expect things here to amend in time, although it must take considerable time for a country like this, overrun by a hostile enemy to regain that cone fidence eo long enjoyed all over Europe. : ani Sourn AmzErica.—In our last: we stated, the trade of this country to be rather brisk, and have the pleasure now to say that every mail from the Brazils confirms it. Our specu~ lators to this part of the world, who were totally ignorant of the goods suitable for tle markets here, now begin to find their error in sending out any kind of low-priced goods, and have, in consequence, changed their system, by shipping off articles of rather a superior quality, fully suitable for the market of Rio. Large remittances have been Jately received by our merchants there, and we expect that the commerce with this part of the globe, will be of the first consequemce in time: but the trade to the Brazils requires that kind of knowledge that can be only obtained by speculations prudeatly conducted. ° , , j Current Prices of Shares in Navigable Canals, Docks, Bridges, Roads, Water Works, and Fire and Life Insurance Companies, at the Office of Messrs. Wolfe and Co. Canal Dock, and Stock Brokers, No. 9, ’ChangeAlley, Cornhill, 21st May, 1811.—Graiid Jonction Canals 2321. per share.—Grand Surry ditto, 981. ditto.—-Kennet and Ayon ditto, 401, ditto. Rochdale ditto, 521. dittos=—-Wilts and Berks ditto, 301, ditto.—London Dock, 1281. per eent.—-Ditto Scrip, 25% ditto premium. West India ditto, 1651. ditto.—-Commercial: Road ditto, 1361. ditto.—East London Water Works, 1651, per share.—Grand Junction ditto, 81, per share, premium.—South London ditto, 1121. per sirare.—Kent ditto, 101. per share-pres mium.—West Middlesex ditto, 21. ditto.—-Albion Insurance Office, 571, per share.—-Globe ditto, 12041. ditto.—-Imperial ditto, 941. ditto. ' > The average prices of Navigable Canal Property, Dock Stock, Fireoffice Shares, &c. in May, 1811, (to the 25th) at the Office of Mr. Scott, 28, New Bridge-street, London, “Trent and Mersey, or Grand Trunk Cana], 1200). the last half-yearly dividend*at the rate f 451. per share clear, per annum.—Birmingham, 1085}. ex dividend 211. clear, half-year. taffordshire and Worcestershire, dividing 211, per share clear, half-yearly, 790.-~Monmouth, 1201.—Grand Junction, 2451, to 2331.—Shrewsbury, 1451. dividing 81.~Kennet and Avon, 421. 10s. to 401.—Wilts and Berks, 291. 10s. to 30l.—-Rochdale, 52].—Ellesmere, 841, =—Grand Western, 181. 10s. discount.—Lancaster, 25]. ex dividend 1]. per share, clear.» Ashby-de-la-Zouch, 241.—-Worcester and Birmingham Old Shares, 38].—New ditto, 10s, . premiym.—Thames and Severn new shares, 371.—Croydon, 30l.esWest India Dock . Stocks z : ee ce ae | ; hie? Oo). | 3814.) . Naturalists Monthly Report, 501 2651.—eLondon Dock, 12741, to 1281.—-Ditto Scrip, 25]. per cent. premium.—-Commercia¥ Dock old shares, 159]. with new share attached.—Albion Assurance, 541.—Globe, 1201. tw 41201. 10s—Rock, 18s. premium.—-East London Water-Works, 1601.—Grand Junctiog ditto, 101, 10s. premium,—London Institution, 681. 5s.—Strand Bridge. .12i. discount.» London Flour Company, &!. —-Dover-street-road, il. premium,—»Commercial Road, 1351, per cent, ex half-yearly dividend Sl. a NATURALIST’s MONTHLY REPORT, 4 sab anda APRIL. Budding month. Emblem of life! see cnangeful April sail In varying vest along the shadowy skies, Now bidding summer’s, softest zephyzs risey Anon’ recalling winter’s stormy gale, And pouring from, the cloud her sudden hails, N the ist of the month the wind was south-east ; on.the 2d westerly 3. On the 3d northy west, and afterwards south-west; on the 4th and bth easterly; on the 6th east, and southe @ast; on the 7th north-east; on the Sth and 9th easterly; on the 10th variable; from the. Alth to the 26th westerly; in che afternoon of the 17th south; on the 18th west j on the 49th south-east, and afterwards south-west; on the 20th and. 2ist southerly 5 on the 22d south-east; on the 23d and 24th south.wést; on the 2ith variable; on the 26th and 97th westerly; on the 28th south, and south-west; and on the 29th and 30th westerly,» “There have been very few stormy days doting the present month. On the 12th we had strong winds ; 3 in the morning of the 19th fresh gales, and in the following night a heavy ‘squall wigh rain. ‘The night.of the 20th was also squally ; and the morning of the 29th wag stormy. We had rain, more or lags, on the 4th, 6th, 7th, 10th, 13th, 16th, 18th, 19th, yorh, ‘26th, 22th, 29th, and 30th. - April Sd. This was a beautifully bright and warm day. The bloom-buds upon the fruit trees have been congiderabl y enlatged within the last few days, and prentins a great profusion of blossom. * Apri] 4th. Fine, gentle rain nearly the whole day. April 6th. Some of the swallow tribe are arrived. . Three or four were seen flying about Near the surface ‘of the river, apparently in pursuit of insects. The great body of swallows and, martins will not, howe very make their appearance probably in much Jess than aweek from this time. ‘ Inthe nights of the 7th, 8th, and Sth, we had very sharp frosts, which will tend greatly to check the progress of vegetation, it may be fortunate for the ensuing fruit-season that sory Fittle indeed of the bloom is yet expanded, April t1th. Gudgeons spawn, — April 13ch The cuckoo-flower (cardamina pratensis), wall- flower (helranglius cheiri}, dog’ 3 mercury (mercur. ‘alis perennis), wild strawberry (fragaria vesca), cowslip (frimula UETIS\y Brith), ivy ( glecoma hederacea), red netile (pedicalaris sylvatica), % harebell (Scilla nutans of ith), are now In flower. _ April 17th. The cherry-tree is jn bloom, Gooseberry and currant trees are in full leaf, as aré likewise the elder and lime.’ The leaves of the hazel, and the sloe and hawthorn pear. ia eg “The swallows and martins are all arrived. April18th, The mountain ash is in leaf. . April 1@th.. Apple-trees are in bloom. ° Young rovks are heard, and the titlark sings April 29th. The hedges are beginning to appear green. The flower-buds-of the hawthorn are seen. 5 © April 21st, There was much lightning i in the night. . April, 23d,. This was a finevand hot day, in every respect like what we have in the middle of summer; the want of yerdure and foliage excepted. Flesh-flies buzz about ; and the com~ mon house-flies are nearly as numerous as in the summer. The flowers of sheep’s sorrel (xamew acetcsella), and sibwart plantain (plantago lanceolate} »» colour all the dry sandy pastures, Germander speedwell (veronica chamedrys), procambent speedwell lechiien agrestis), fweet-scented vernal-grass (anthoxanthum oderatum), clammy mouse-éar (cerastiam WISCOSUME) upright pearlwort (sagina erecta), and soft leaved, crane’s-bill, (geranium molle), are in wer. © ” Eleta cinereus, and several species of moths of the subdivision tinezy appears Female wasps, alse now By about. ; April 50% at onthly Botanical Report. (June 35 April 5th. “Hedge roses are in leaf. The May-fly, and some species eleva havd fasued from their chrysalids. : ae ~ Perch have retired to the smooth waters to spawn among ghewends) + t q April 28th. So powerful were the sun-beams in the middle of this care that sheep were | compelled to retire into the shade. 4 Aaa ” April 30th. Cock~chaffers fly in the evening. ees vekog There has been much rain in the Fae westward of us, The rivers are muddy, and ia” some places out of their banks, =" died yo Hampshire. MONTHLY BOTANICAL REPORT. *OUR numbers of the Boranist’s RePosrtory have deen published, since we lasé noticed this work: we shall devote the present es pee to a notice of the contente of these. Anneslea spinosa, so called by Dr. Roxburgh in honour of the Right Honourable George Annesley Viscount Valentia, who, we are here told, “ discovered this plant growing in the Gagra river in Oude, and aigu about Ghittagong.”” For discovered we suppose we are to under- stand saw, for specimens of this plant were brought by Sir George Staunton, from the provinces of Kinang, in China, upon his return from his embassy to this country, long before Lotd Va+ Jentia commenced his travels in India. We have not, however, the smallest; objection 6. the name; for, when the Magnates concern themselves at all about natural history, mote: especially when they undertake laborious travels, with a view of acquiting knowledge therein, we should be sorry to deprive them of an iota of their honorary rewards ; ‘and we are pleased to see the mest magnificent plants devoted to the record of a fame, so much more? meritorious, than that of shining in the annals of the Racing Calendar, or the petty in-. trigues of a borough election.” This is altogether a curious article about Nymphs and: Waiades, not more conspicuous for their beauty and elegance, than for their mildness 5° and about Anneslea, panther-like, “uniting the extremes of beauty and ferocity. We can- not suppose the author is slily insinuating any similarity, between his Lordship: and him’ plant, between Annesley and Annesiea, But it gives him an opportunity of introducing: something about the armour of vegetables, in which the different kinds are amusingly §umbled together in an unusual figure in rhetoric, an inverted bathos, from the almost imperceptible hair dows to the lacerated thorn” and about the browsing of camels, assess and goats’; 3 and about hoping to see the magnificent foliage of Amnneslea, ‘¢ mantling our ponds.” The reasoning, however, on which our author grounds his hopes of our being ables to natttalize a tropical production to ourclimate, is not very convincing. ** Have we not,’* he exultingly exclaims, ‘* already taught the Thea, the Camellia, the Takio, the Mou tan, the Yulan, to resist our winters.” Now ic unfortunately happens chat we have nog taught one of these plants to bear cold a jot better than they did ages ago, in the imperia} gardens at Pekin, We have indeed had the goad sense to discover, that, being natives of climes equally rigid with our own, it was not necessary to confine them to the stove. ” We have been so entertained withthis article, that we could not withstand the temptation: of gmusing our readers wich parts of it; but we must not forget to say something serious of. this very curious Kind of water-lily, which has flowered st White Knight's, the seat of the Marquis of Blandford. The flowers according to the figure are but small, in proportion to the immense size of the foliage, sometimes six or eight feet in circumference, the petals- are blue, the calyx green on the outside, and red within. Eugenia seylanica 5 from Boyton, the seat of A. I. Lambert, esq. It is come the na» tural order of myrti. A curious observation is here made concerning the germen, which contains sixteen ovula, though the fruit admits of only one seed coming to perfection. iy Schinus dentata 5. anative of Owhyhee, and sufficiently hardy to thrive well in a shel- tered situation in the open ground, and even to produce ripe seeds in favourable seasons,s if trained against a wall. Jussiewa exaltata; The cattu calambu of the hortus malabaricus, v. 2, p. 97, 150, a new species introduced from the East Indies by Dr. Roxburgh, and communicated to the vet by Mr. Lambert, from his seat at Boyton. Leptospermum scoparium, native of New Zealand, and one of the most beautiful of the natural order of the myrti, from that quarter, from the number and duration of its flowers. It was found also by Captain Cook tobe very useful, and is the shrub described by bing in his second voyage, under the name of the tea-plant. 4 Ardisia elegans; native of Pulo-Pinang, where it grows in moist situations, and by the: sides of rivulets: introduced by Mr. Evans, of Stepney, in whose stove it attained the: height of nearly five feet. This species appears not to have been before described. Lotus australis. A plant we have before mentioned from the Botanical Magazine. 9... ie Hay Barler 4a ‘ Bs fi i MRM i ch Nl i ia ie ~ ¥s1hJ Monthly Agricultural Report. 503 Barleria cristata. Barleria comes very near,to justicia; even two of the four stamens are Hearly abortive. This plant is likewise from Mr. Evans’s collection, as are the three following: ; : sf : Geodorum citrinum, a delicate plant of the family of the orchidea. Begonia evansiana; said to be discovered by Mr. Evans’s collector in the island of Pulo» Pinang. We believe, however, that this plant has been long in the collection at Kew. Clerodendrum pyramidale; supposed to be a new species, also from Pulo-Pinang, Volkas meria and Clerodendrum are very unsatisfactorily defined, and several species seem to have ‘been indiscriminately referred to either genus. Desmanthus natans of. Wildenow; Mimosa. zatans of Roxburgh’s Coromandel plants 5 Neptunia zatans of Loureiro, .To the character, as here given from Wildenow, the flowering _ @pikes of this plant do not correspond, being neither oblong, nor interrupted, but eval and compact: The rvots in Mimosa narans have no attachment whatever to the soil, but are produced in fibrous bunches along the stems, which are likewise furnished with a sponge= Jike substance as it is called, but which must be more of the nature of cork than sponge, for the purpose of preventing the plant from sinking in the water. There is no appearance either of the roots or of this buoyant cork in the figure, nor any mention made of it in the _deseription, nor of its mode of growth. These circumstances leave some doubt in the ming “whether the plant here figured be really the Mimosa watans of Roxburgh, or the Neptunia watans of Loureiro. ‘Fhe specimen from which the drawing was taken, was communicated by Mr. Milne from Mr. Beckford’s collection, at Fonthill. Ardisi# Zittoralis, discovered on the shores of Pulo-Pinang by Mr. Evans’s collector, and Introduced at the same time with Ardisia e/egans above mentioned. This is probably the same as Ardisia so/anacea of Roxburgh. Styrax officinale. An old, but still a rare, shrub in our gardens. ~-Cytisus e/ongatus. The first account we have of this elegant species, is in the rare planta vof Hungary, published by Count’ Waldstein and Dr. Kitabel. Intioduced to this country 2 by the indefatigable and skilful curator of the botanic garden at Cambridge. Liatris odoratissiwa. Introduced by the late Mr. Fraser, of Sloane-square, from North America. “This intrepid and zealous traveller has at last sunk under the infirmities induced by his laborious exertions in the-acquisition of new plants. Its value consists in the fragrance of.the dried foliage, exactly resembling that of the Tonquin bean, and equally durable. . Being a native of South Carolina, our summers seem to have too little sun to bring it inte flower. The drawing was, madé from a specimen which bloomed in Mr. Lambert's stove at Boyton. Asa flowering plant, it is not superior to our common hemp agrimony, which it - somewhat resembles; but if it should thrive well in the open air, ard produce its febiaye _ freely, it will prove a very valuable acquisition. Peliosanthes humilis; a diminutive species from Mr. Evans’s collection, native of Pinang. Celosia cernua ; a new species, introduced from the East Indies by Dr. Roxburgh. It.is a , Very. ornamental, annual, and may be raised with our Cockscombs and Balsams. To the former it has a near affinity, but is more elegant in its prowrh. Fut . lpomea inggnis. This most splendid bindweed has been for some years cultivated in the _stove of Mr. Benyon, at Englefield, where it extends over the trellis-work for about thirty . feet, producing numerous bunches of large beli-shaped flowers, of a purplish culour, ‘with a _ dark centre. Its native country and time of introduction are totally unknown. We have ,-been informed that it was long erroneously supposed to be the West Indian yam. ‘ The second part of the tenth volume of the Transactions of the Linnean Society is just published. thy ‘ BN lace acre acai mv [a no MONTHLY AGRICULTURAL REPORT, : SOWING the spring corn being generally finished, the farmets have been since busied in *~ working their fallows, providingmmanure, weeding their wheats, and hoeing driljed crops, The turnip fallows never worked, more; kindly, nor promised a finer tilth. Some forward Rutabaga, or Swedish turnips, are already above ground, and very strong plaats. -Clovers, and artificia! grasses, are under the scythe, for the first crop of yreen food. ‘ Ic is probable, the wheats never beiore exhibited a more universally promising appearance Than in the present season, since there must necessarily always be some drawbacks. Thus, as has been before stated, a part of the wheat crop, chicfiy upon ordinary light lands and cold clays, was injured for wunt of 2 cover of snow in the winter, and the wire-worm did aftere ‘wards considerable damaye; upon such land, the wheat planted thin; but so favourable hag been the succeeding spring, that the luxuriant tittering, or branching of the plants, may pro- duce an ample crop of corn, Beans, pease, barley, potatoes, hops, are equal in appearance to any thing ever witnessed by the oldest farmer living; the same in fact may be said of all the productivns of the soil, The grass promises a forward crop, and the bettoms will be enti e LS —<«" ee ae ee _ — —— S ~ 7 as Meteopological Réport. == funie f, ip forwardness of keep abroad has been extremely fortunate, tonsidering the short stock of © — @id hay. : yh Sect mnt ar} Late a In the north, the weather was very severe during the early part of the spring, but has been Since so favourable that thé Lent corn was got in very early, in the best cultivated districts of Scotland, and their crops wear the finest appeardnce. Some complaints are made in the north, of damage to the fruit-crops; also in thé south, where however the damage is partial; and from the immense quantity of blossom, of no great accounts, Good wheat begins to run short, imthose counties, which have so liberally supplied the Léndon market. ge stock. in general dearer, pigs excepted. e. . tart vs 4 Smithfield: Beer, 5s. Od. to 6s. 4d. Matton, 5s. 4d. to 6s. Od. Weal, 6s. to 7s. 6d. 5-—~ Lamb, 104. to 1s. td. per 1b.;—Pork, 5s. 6d. to 78.14d.;—Bacon, 6s. 8d. to 75. 9d.—lrish ditto, ’ . 4s. 64. to 5s. 8d. ;—Fat, 3s. 6d. ;—Skins, 153. to 25s.aeQib cake, 12) Middlesex, Aptil 25, 1811. : METEOROLOGICAL REPORT. =. |, @bservations on the State of the Weather, from the 24th of April, 1811, to the 24th of May, 1811, inclusive, Four Miles N.N.W. St. Paul's. er Barometer. Thermometer. Highest, 29°77. May 6. Wind West, Highest, '70° May 13 and 18. Wind §.B, Eowest, 29°00. Apritz8. -—~ South. ~ { Lowest, AS? ieee 5. 2k gti J This sort of vari- Ba the morning’ ort Qo baa ofthe Greatest el, the 12th, the mefcury several times this ‘ month, Greatest # 33> hun- wariationin » dreths of ) variation in was at 52%, and at the 24 hours. same hour on the 13th #4, hours, an inch. it was 60° — TweE quantity of rain fatlen since our last Report, has been considerable ; the number of @ays in which it has rained, either in greater or Jess quantities, is equal to 21, and the quane tity measured by the rain gauze, is equal to full 5% inches in depth. ‘Thunder and lightning have been more frequent than usual for the month of May, they follow, of course, the » © sultry weather,-which has been some days experienced) On the 16th thé noise of distant thundess was Incessant from noon to four o’clock in the afternoon, and on the 22d in the evening, the storm raged for a short time with considerable fury, till a heavy rain seemed to @lear the atmosphere. é j The wind has been most. frequent in the westerly points, though this is the season when we look principally to the east for winds. Vegetation is remarkably forward, and. ©. large quantities of grass have been cut for more than a week, but, owing to the heavy rains which have continued almost from day to day, there is probably not a single load carried. Dry and warm weather is now wanted to complete and accomplish what a favourable spring “ has brought forward. As far as our recollection serves)’ this is the most early spring since the year 1794,when pease were cried in the strects of London, on the 19th of May, at eighteen pence the peck: . / ob Highgate, May 24, 1811. Pas a TO CORRESPONDENTS, + N.B. Numbers 74 and .83 of Tne: Moxtunry Maeazrwe being out of Print, and wanted to complete Sets constantly in demund, Two Snitianes and Sixpence, per Copy will be given for any ef those. Numbers which may be broight to No. 7, New Bridge Street. ia Pimlico, May 29, 1811. ; Merce re: Errata. ‘ ‘her : Io page 402, for * the stones in three columns,” read _‘§ in tBese Columns.”—In P- 404, for “external characteristics,” read ** extetnal characrers,”meln p. 406, for ‘6 sunitey” read §* siegit.."” _ omldem, for ‘soft marble,” sead ‘* soft miarle.” { a: bs : / e r ‘ MONTHLY THE*- ee MA GAZINE._ No. 214.] > JULY 15° 281'1» [6 of Vox. 31. As long as thefe who write are ambitious of making Converts, and of giving ‘their Opinions a Maximum of Influence and Celebrity, the moft extenfively circulated Mifcellany will repay with the greatck #efect the Curiofity of thofe who read either for Amufement or Infruction, JOHNSON, THE SUPPLEMENTARY NUMBER. Hitherto our Supplementary Number has been partly occupied with imperfect. criticaé accounts of current English literature, confessedly and necessurily compiled from ~ those fallible, partial, and corrupt mediums, the periodical anonymous Reviews, aided by occasional originality ; in future, however, it is. proposed, to substitute in place of those wholesale criticisms, tateresting characteristic extracts from the prin= cipel works published within the half year, adapted at once to gratify our readers, to qualify them to judge of every work for themselves, and to stimulate them to pura chase those possessed of evident merit. Fhe Supplement published on the first of - August, will be compiled on this plan ; and, to assist our design, we shall feel oure selves obliged ‘6 authors and publishers, who will accommodate us with the loan. of books published between Michaelmas and Lady-day last, Prmtico, May 8, 1811. Se ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS. For the Monthly Magazine. MANUSCRIPTS in the IMPERIAL LIBRARY at PARIS. URING the short peace of 1801-2, the editor of the Monthly Maga- zine made arrangements for presenting to his readers, extracts from the curious historical’ manuscripts contained in the National Library at Paris, particularly from those relating to English affairs. The revolution and its wars, having been the means of bringing together these in- teresting remains, from public and -pri« vate. collections, and religious houses in every part of France, Flanders, and Italy, such extracts could not have failed to prove interesting to the public; but the friendly relations of tle two countries having been so unexpectedly interrupted, thes plan was arrested, and the only papers received by the editor were the following: L buf UE spit A PAPER FOUND IN THE TOMB OF LAURA) WHEN OPENED BY ORDER OF FRANCISI, AT AVIGNON, ‘ UI riposan quei caste & felicia ossa © Di quell alma gentile, & soia in terram Aspro & dur sasso hor ben tero hai sotterra E’l vero honor, la‘fama & belta scosse Morte ba del verde Lauro suelta & mobssa Fresca raduce, e il premio di mia guerra 4 Di quattre lustrie pia—s’ancor non era Mio pensier tristo—e’l chiude in poca 4 J , mee pianta in borgo d” Avignoneg acque & mori: & qui con ella giace _Lapenna, e'lstil, ” inchiostro & Ja ragiont== ~~ Moxtury Mas, No, 214, A O delicati membri, 6 viva-a face, C’h’ ancor mi cuoggi & struggimin genci chione ; Ciascun preghi il Signor t’ auetti in Paces Mortal bellega indarno si suspira— Volma beata in ciel vivra in-eterno—- Pianga el pute e il futur secul priva ; D’ una tal luce: & io de-gli-occhi éil tempos TRANSLATION, HERE do the pure and chaste remains ree pose, - Of her who shone unequatled on the earth Stone hard and cruel, how dost’ thou inclose True honour, virtue, beauty, fame, and worth ! ; ¢ Death, murd’rous death, has nipp’d the sweetest plant, : The blooming Laura, cause of all my sighs. ' ; For twenty years and longer would she haunt My melancholy thoughts; but now she lies, © The prey of death, deep in the hollow fomb ! She lived, she died 5 and now like’ het una seen, i Wit, genius, eloquence, all share her doom. * Oh! charms divine! Oh! sad remembrance keen,‘ ; That: still consumes my. mind, by sorrow torn! : May heaven in peace receive her aainted soul! In vain for mertal beauty do we mourn— There shall she live, while years eternal roll. ; Yet while in‘tears our woes find some relief, Ages to come, shall envy us our grief, Ve weep a loss our sons can:never know : ever can exist again so just a cause of woe, if. —— . 506 Extracis from MSS. in Imperial Library, Paris. [July 1, Il. MSS. On which is written that it belonged to ™ Christina, Q. of Sweden, afterwards to the Vatican, and now to the Imp. library, con- taining original letters from Henry VIII. to Anne of Boulen. “NHE reasonable request of your last "I lettre, w'® the pleasure also that J take to know them true, causeth me to send you now this news; the legate whyche we mist desyre aryvyd att Parys on S*nday or M*nday, last past, so that I * trust by the next M*nday to kere off bys ; ~ aryvall at Cales, and then I trust w in a wyle after to enjoy that whyche I have so long longyd for to God’s pleasur, and our both coforts; no more to you at thys present myne own darlynge for lake of tyme, but that I wold you were in myne aymes, or I in your's, for I thynk it long syns I kyst you; writtyn affter the kyllyng off my hart at xi off the kloke, myndyng wt God’s grace to-morow mytely to kyll another by the hand of him whyche 1 trust shortly shall be yours. ¥ ERLYNG, thes shall wonly to adver- tyce you that thys bererand hysfelow be dyspecyd wthas many thyngs to co passe oure mater and to bring it to pas, as I trust by theyne dylygence it shail be schortly, you.and I shall have oure de- syryd ende, whyche shulde bee more to my hart’s ease, and more quiettnes to my mynd than any other thyng in_ thys. worlde, as w God’s grace shortly F trust shall be performed, but nott so soon as I wolde it were, yet I wyll ensure you ther shall be no tyme lost that may be wone, and farther cannot be done for ultra posse ng’ est cé kepe bym nott to long w' you, but desyre hym for your sake to make the more spede, for the soner we Shall have worde ‘frome hym, the soner shall oure mater come to pase, and thus upon trust off your short repayre to Lon- don, I make an ende off my letter myne owne swetté hart; wryttin w™ the hand off hym. whyche desyryth as muche to be your’s, as yau do to have hym. iH Ii. MSS. Lettres de Marie Stuart Reyne d’Ecosse veuve du Roy Fran¢. Il, a Monsieur le Duc de Nemours, &c. 4 Au Duc de Nemours. AR Vadvertisement que jay eu dail- - lieurs les anglois ont bien fait men- tion de l’amitie que la Royne dangieterre . ae fe ma seeur me porte ce qué elle ma fait entendre par tant docasions que ie nen veulx ou ose plus doubter et iespere bien que elle men faira quelque plus seure desmonstiation si nous voions ce que iay difere pour ceste annee pour etre trop aduancee mays ie matends di recouvrer lautre quoyquil en soit ie me seuts os= bligee a vous du bien que me souhaites. Au Duo de Nemours. N ON cousin mestant permis meinte. nant ce que iavois ili along temps desiray cestoit de fayre mon devoir vers le Roye la Ruyne et tous messieurs mes bons amys et parans du nombre des quels ie vous ay tousiours tenu et trouvee des ptinsipaulx ie nay voullu faillir de vous fayre ce mot pour vous prier de donner. -eredit a ce porteur qui vous declarera locasion de son voiasge et lestat de mes affayres tant issi quen mon malheureulx pays et pour ce que ie le connois fidelle et doubte quel inconvemant pourroit venir aux lettres ie ne les feray plus lon- gues ayns me remetant sur lui a vous fayre ample discours du tout ie vous priray me fayre part de vous nouvelles que ie prie a dieu ettre tous jours aussi bonnes que les scauries souhayter et apres vous amiou besay les mains ie feray fir avoir. De Winkfield ce ix de Juin, vo® tre-affec. bon Cousine Marie. IV. EXTRAcT from MANUSeRIPY BOOK, No. 7854, in the MANUSCRIPT CATALOGUE, A booke contayninge the most singulare secrets in the arte of distillation, whearby is easily brought to pass things of great moment, wht are obscuerely set down by . learned auethors of divers mations and tongs: but hear interpreted and layd @pen to the views of my mutch honored frende, and therefor caled hidden secrets revealed. By Robert Walemysley, P.M. a.d. 1609, To the right worshipful and mutch honored. knyght Sirr Barnard Greenvill, grace, mercy and peace, in oure Lord Jesus. Oe God hath cre» } ated medicins to tak away the gout, palsi, dropsie, quartan fevers, and other diseasis, which the trop of vulgar phisitions do indg incurable, but the caus whi phisitions know them not: is, first ther impieties and infidelitis; for the litill regard ther neghbours—next is ther absolut negligens in searctching the wounderous woiks of God and secrets ’ * " tronage. 1811.] of natur. Tiow can they seek after the wonderous secrets of his works: w*® believe him not-to be or know him not; or liull care to know him? so’ that they thave a-voluble tong: it is sufficient for them, unto title and to grace ther pompe. They should hurt ther tender hands with eools, if they should seartch the secrets of nature: it sufficeth them to wast and consume all ther time and adg in caui- Jations and contentions in words. O! blind mortall men! do we not know that we ought rather to seek the truth of the cause, then the ornament of- speatch? This is most true, nothing is so.contrary to the rules of true philosophie, as that wh savoureth of unioyntedness and hauti proud speatch ;’ and for this cause Philosophi presents herself naked ap- parent on all parts; she caryeth all under the eyes subject to judgment; she shewes her self playnly. Cicero doth not re- ‘guier elequens in a philosopher, mutch Jes Celsus in phisick: but that it may manyfest the truth of things and excel- tencies of doctrine, it isour duties rather - to have our minds well composed, then our words curiosly adorned: to provide rather that reason err not, then speatch ; and yet elequens, a gift of God given by the same spirit that prophesis healing, and the gift of tongs are, but it must be but the handmayd of truth. 3 — To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. 4 SIR, -F all the labours incident to the y editor of a newspaper, there is nous that more interests the public, or for the due execution of which he ought to be more strictly responsible, than dra- matic-and theatrical criticism. In the détails of news and politics, he is obliged, 4 some respect, to adhere to accounts received; and his opinions and obser- vations are universally known not to be his own, but those of the party under whose banners he is enlisted. If he an- nounce falsehoods, retail absurdities, or reason extravagantly, all is set down to this employers, whom it is‘perfectly un- slerstood he must obey, or lose their pa- It is also notorious, that these pitrons themselves occasionally con- descend to write, and that, not being -broken into. the trammels of newspaper composition, their productions are often erude and absurd; but they are sacred, tnd dare not be touched by the profane hhand of their servile editor, whose, bu- $iness is only to extol to the skies, ‘in Which he is assisted by the writer’s poe On Theatrical Criticism. —we tl $e litical friends. The public, however, are little influenced by either these rhap- sodies, or those of the cditor himself. Almost every man attaches himself to one party or other; and as the most pre- posterous statements and dogmas will be swallowed, if of the favorite side; so, if an angel were tu write on the reverse, his facts, arguments, and cloquence, would be unavailing. A reader of the Post or Courier? will pot be convinced by the statements, however ingenious, of the Chronicle or Statesman; nor will tne boldest assertions of the former jour- nals, find credence with the admirers of the latter, But, although, as already observed, every man thinks decidedly with the party he has espoused, yet, unless he be’ a professed politician, or personally in- terested in the success of his party, he,is’ apt to lose arelish for the everlasting rou- tine of political discussion: when he takes a newspaper into. his hand, he rather looks for something toamuse him, than the repetition of what has become like a course of physic; and, among the first of such articles, he eagerly examines the theatrical intelligence. The reports of a new play, or a new performer, ine terest him more than those of an en- gagement in Spain or Portugal, or of a debate in the House of Lords or Com- mons. Such being the case, it were to be wished that editors should be a little more circumspect; and, I may be per- mitted to add, alittle more candid, im-~ partial, and adherent to truth, than they frequently are. I do not dispute that they may*be, in some degree, subser- vient to a manager, or that they may be influenced by or against an author ora ‘performer; but here they are not so ticd down, but if they chuse they may have a will and opinion of their own, the due and honest exercise of which is of mucli importance, as they are, in fact, the Supreme dictators of the taste of the town. ‘The theatre is divided into three com- partments, pit, boxes, and galleries: but as in politics we have often heard of an influence behind the throne, greater than the throne itself; so here, besides the constitutional divisions of the audience, there is a fourth description of visitors, paramount to al! the rest. They in ges neral seat themselves snugly in. the boxes; but, on the occasion of a new pers formance, they petvade the whole house, to give the wreater force to their dicta. ‘Lhese are editors and reporters of news« papers, wi it ee a << £08 papers, to secure whose good offices, the managers give. them admissions gra- tuitously for themselves and their friends. ** Persons admitted gratis (said the Mas- ter of the Rolls in Ireland lately, on de- termining a case heard before him) are necessary appendages to the manager, and necessary stuffing for a house. Un- less they were so admitted, bad acting would go without any applause.” Such was the remark of thateminent and’acute Tegal character, who stated, on the same occasion, that ‘‘ he was early in life an observer of the drama, from the highest point of observation; but as he grew weightier, he descended nearer the stave.”- Now these gratuitous visitors, under the generalship of the reporters, give laws to all the rest, and decide, whether a play shall enjoy the public applause, or be consigned to damnation, No feelings of compassion will move their callous hearts towards an author who has not the interest or means to in- sinuate himself into their good graces; or who may perhaps be a formidable rival of those play-makers, whose cause they habitually advocate; and the same is the case with a new candidate who appears on the boards, So that the fate of the new piece, or actor, is pre-determined in the court.of criticism before their trial ; as has in former times been the practice of judges of the land, especially where culprits were to be tried for offences against the existing government. ' Im the boxes, it is very unpolite for those who pay to hiss, and almost as much ¢o to applaud; unless it be some sentiment expressive of the loyalty of the day. Besides, persons of fashion are above attending a theatre for the sake of the performance. Their time is more appropriately employed in interrupting it by their tonish chattering, and in the charms of*seeing and being seen, The pit, formerly the judgment-seat of cri- ticism, is now filled with “ fat and greasy citizens,” and their wives and daughters, gaping at the play with the same sort of zvidity as the gods themselves ; or spruce shopmen, without any opinion of their own, and who are enly vociferous when they are taught how to open, as young dogs in a pack wait for the cry of the leaders, The occupiers of the upper regions, in general, are both loud and forward enough to express their honest ‘sentiments; but their opinions are little aitended to, exceptin Pantomime, where they take a decisive lead, ‘There are On Theatrical Criticism. eee) fae — we [July ty certainly in the boxes, and in all parts of the house, from the lowest to the highest, persons who can judge of the merits of the drama; but of these, the great proportion rather chuse to confine their opinion within their own circle, than to testify the same in public by marks of applause or disapprobation, Thus then it is not wonderful that the aforesaid professional critics, being ju- diciously stationed in the different parts of the theatre, almost despotically res gulate the success of a new piecé, of a new player, Sometimes, it is true, aa cannot entirely carry this sway; a play is so bad, that the audience show their de- cided judgment:.it is to ail appearance condemned to oblivion, But here our critics have another strong hold, they are determined that it shall have its run, the people must be forced to relish it inspite of themselves. While the bills of next day modestly announce its having been “received by an overflowing audience with unanimous and unbounded thunders of applause;” in the reports of the morn. ing papers we find the piece as full of beauties, as on representation it was of trash, and that “ the symptoms of dis- satisfaction expressed by a few indi- viduals, with an evident hostility ta the author, were drowned amrdst the plaudits of a judicious audience!” Every day the Journalists declaim on the con- tinued and increasing applause which it experiences, The good-natured people who go, cannot but in decency applaud what, they are thus told from all quarters, is and must be applauded; ull at length, in the midst of its successtul career, ‘the play expires for want of focd, its “ade miring audiences” having shrunk to no. thing. As to the unbiassed frequenters of the theatre supporting a good piece, against the hisses and clamours of the reporters, and the hostile bands planted in array against it by its adversaries, it is absa- lutely impossible; and, if the first rate productions of a Shakespeare were to be tried by that ordeal, all their_merits would be of no avail. Were a Garrick to appear on the stage with this host of opponents, his most exquisite perfor- mance would not obtain for him a second hearing; on the contrary, if a boy come forward, pulls as a prodigy by the news~ papers, he will be hailed and extolled ag such by the indiscriminating multitude, while the more judicious few see that it would be both unnecessary and ineflecs tual aoe CU eo . 181.] tual to attempt prematurely to stop the public delusion, * It may appear extraordinary, that the diurnal critics should so well agree as they do, in the sentiments they express ; but, when the system is known and con sidered, the wonder will vanish. The stage is at present occupied by a body of writers, whose talents are of a par- ticular cast, and who have brought the taste of the town to such a standard, that there is little danger of the intrusion of d@unarists of a different description; and accordingly, a new play, not built on the present model, has littie chance of being received by the managers, and if re- ceived, it would certainly be dainned by the critics. he managers, authors and critics, therefore, all perfectly under- stand each other, and combine to lead the public to have their palates pleased only by the style of cookery they set he- fore them.. Indeed, the novelties of the day are so much of a character, that I do not despair, in the present high and im- proving state of mechanics, of seeing them inade to any pattern, by a steam- “engine, on a construction somewhat Si- milar to a barrel organ, One advantage our dramatists emi- nently enjoy, namely, that, besides all the glare and pomp of scenery, dresses, and decoration, they are sure to have their productions well performed, in their most prominent and attractive parts; the characters being drawn expressly to Shew the abilities of a Munden, a Faw- * This was the case with respect to Master Betty, denominated the young Ros- cius, and held as superior to any performer of any age. The crowds who pressed to witness with admiration the spouting of this phenomenon, even for two seasons, were in- conceivable; and ail was the work of the journalists, who, it is well known, had in- structions to panegyrise him to the skies for a while, and then leave him to Kis fate. Accordingly, on the third season, his trum= peters lowered their notes, and this modern Phaeton fell from his height, never to rise again. Mr. Kemble, and Mrs. Siddons, much to their credit, absolutely refused to sanction this delusion, by appearing on the stage with the boy. Mr. Cumberland, who was behind the scenes one of the first nights of his performance, exclaimed to thuse around him, ‘§ The damnedest bumbug Lever saw!’ Yet among the higher classes, and those who pretended to critical judgment, young Betty could boast as many names of enthusiastic admirers as, a few years before, young Ire- Jand could of firm believers in the authen- ticity of the Shakespeaye manuscripts. i On Theatrical Criticism. 509, cett, a Matthews, a Liston, and other drolls of the day; nor, while a Johnstone and an Emery tread the boards, can a new comedy be complete without an Irishman or a Yorkshireman.* This is evidently a great improvement, in as much as a coat made te measure will always fit better than one made by chance. And as the comic characters just quoted, have ail an intimacy with the Yeporters, the latter cannot well abuse the play without somewhat in juring their friends, the players; unless where they themselves, dissatisfied witla their characters, go hand in hand witla the critics to damn the piece. As the plays are thus suited to the performers, so also are the sentiments adapted to the times; and the expressions vulyarly de+ nominated clap-traps, seldom fail to at- tract the applause they demand, and not unfrequently give a temporary currency to the whole.t Thus, theatrical criticism is no difficult task, and can hardly be misunderstood when directed to those pieces and actors which are the rage of the day. But, were a comedy with the merits of a Congreve, a Vanbrugh, or a Farqyhar, now to find its way berore the tribunal, we should be told, that the dialogue was obsolete, that the wit was altogether un suitable to the taste of this age, and wanted the point now so happily intros duced ; that the characters were deficient in colouring, that the plot was mere commons-piace, and produced none of those surprising situations which inva+ riably captivate the audience in the com- positions of a Reynolds, a Lewis, or a Dibdin; that the piece was in every re- spect unfit for representation, and that, if it possessed any merit, it must be dis- covered in the closet, should the authot * It would be unjust to these comedians not to observe, that all of them are qualified for better parts; and that, were mumming not so much encouraged, their performance would better please the judicious. + The play of Pizarro, notwithstanding all the artifice and stage-tricks employed to give it eclat, and all the puffs of all the papers, would neyer have enjoyed such an immense run, had it not been tor some ex- pressions judiciously introduced in Rolla’s harangue to, his troops, and which never failed to attract the loudest applause, at a time when an excess of loyalty was so much encouraged by the great, as to counteract the’ less gratifying sentiments of the swinish mul titade, and induced Majesty itself to re-visit Drury-lane, after an absence of years. venture . $10 | venture the experiment of publication ; but that, on the whole, though the ma- nagers and audience should be indulgent enough to let it drag on for a few nights, #t would soon be laid on the shelf and forgotten for ever. * There is a practice which greatly fa- cilitates the labour of the journalist in this department. The author obligingly. sends to the different papers, what he calls the Plot. This is highly proper, and equally advantageous to the critic and his readers; because many of the modern dramas are so constructed, that without such a key, the audience would be at a loss to comprehend the business, But although the critic may safely copy this sketch, and also exhibit such beauties as the author, who knows west where to discover them, may point out; yet let him not rashly attempt to improve it, because, the plot being per- haps as incomprehensible to him, as to the rest of the audience, he .may, by what he deems improvement, totally pervert the dramatist’s meaning. This observation, of course, applies only to those complicated plays with which the stage now teems, containing much a-do about nothing, and of which mystery and obscurity are the chief ingredients. {here are pieces, however, that receive abundant plaudits, so very simple as to have no plot at all, their success de- pending on other aids. Bayes ob- served, that he deemed a plot of no use but to introduce good things. How much then is that eminent dramatist excelled by those play-wrights of the nineteenth century, who introduee their good things: viz. puns and practical jokes without any plot at all? Sometimes & newspaper critic is am- bitious to excel his cotemporaries, and for that purpose he calls to his aid the remarks of his predece-sors in that de- partment, or books of criticism where he finds passages which he thinks may apply to the case before him. Unless he has sense enough not to borrow re- soarks that are not better than his own, the plagiarism will be easily discovered from une difference of the style. Besides, * An admirable satire on newspaper cri- ticism is to be found in Cumberland’s Ob- server, It is the supposed critique of a daily paper, on Othello, the morning after its first performance, in which this exquisite tragedy is, with great humour, so criticised as to shew how the very best drama may be turned into ‘sidicule. On Theatrical Criticism. (July 1, it is possible that the very parts he steals, may not be new to his readers. A the- atrical critic of high celebrity, when Mrs. Billington in 1801, or 1802, made her first appearance at Covent Garden, after her return from the continent, pro- duced a critique on her performance, displaying the musical connoisseur in sublime scientific language. With no little vanity did he-ask a friend, who happened to call on him, his opinion of this precious morceau, His visitor un- fortunately had been dipping into Buf- ney’s History of Music, and_no less un- fortunately that work was stack up be- fore his eyes ina book-case. Without saying a syllable, he handed down the volume, and produced the identical pas- sage verbatim, to the no small morti- fication of the plagiarist, who- begged him, for God’s sake, to be mute. It is a shameful indolence .in the editors of evening papers, that they sel- dom or never think it worth their while to give an original criticism; but ser- vilely copy the accounts and opinions of the Times, the Chronicle, the Post, or whatever morning paper their caprice’ leads them to follow. This is the more inexcusable, as these editors have like- wise gratuitous admissions, and the per- formances, take place at the very time of the day when their other professional duties least require their attendance. It must be acknowledged a bore to sit out most new plays; but they should not be altogether above the drudgery which their. brethren of the morning journals, or - their assistants, are obliged to undergo. The Sunday papers, with very few exceptions, are guilty of this practice ; but, they should be more careful than they sometimes are. aud inexpertus loquor, When I was concerned in a Sunday paper, an old play was advertised for the Saturday evening’s entertainment, Knowing well both the. play and the actors, I, without going near the theatre, wrote half a column of remarks on its performance. Now although these re- marks would probably have been just, had the piece been acted ; yet as it had been suddenly changed for something else, my critique had a very awkward appearance to those who were present, or knew the fact. being perfectly innocent, ,had no farther bac comsequence; whereas a gentleman, now deceased, who conducted another weekly paper, not only fell into a similar error, but made such a virulent and un- justifiable attack ou the supposed pews. formance But my observations - Wtl.} formance of some of the principal actors of the Drury-lane company, as produced two or three actions of damages, ) which the proprietor of the Journal was glad to compromise, at the expsnse of heavy costs, and a handsome sum to the the- atrical fund. Surrey, June 2, 1811. FAB: EE To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR, N enquiry is made in your Jast Num- ber, page 352, concerning Arthur Collier, and the tracts which he pub- lished in defence of the Berkleian hypo- thesis. All the information I can give upon the subject, is, that Mr. Collier was rector of Longford Magna, near Salisbury, and in 1713, printed an octava pamphlet of 140 paves, with this title, ‘‘ Clavis Universalis: or a New Inquiry after Truth, being a demonstration of the non- existence of an external world.” Some idea of the work inay be formed from the introduction, in which the author says,’ “The question I am concerned about, is in general this, whether there be any such thing as an external world? And my title will suffice to inform my reader, that the negative of this question is the point Tam to demonstrate. In order to which, let us first explain the terms. Accor- dingly, by world, I mean whatsoever is usually understood by the terms, body, extension, space, matter, quantity, &c. if there be any other word in our English tongue, which is synonymous with all or any of these terms. And now nothing remains but the explication of the word external. By this, in general, I under- stand, the same as is usually understood by the words, absolute, self- existed, znde- pendent, &c. and this is what [ deny of all mdtter, body, extension, &c. Se- condly, and more particularly, that by not independent, not absolutely existent, not external, I mean and contend for no. thing less, than that all matter, body, extension, &c. exists in, or in dependence on mind, thought, or perception, and that it is not capable of an existence; which is not thus dependent.” In this pamphlet frequent reference is made to Mallebranche and Morris, but ‘not the slightest allusion to Berkeley’s “ Treatise concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge :” though the first part of this very ingenious work was printed at Dublin, in 1710. IT apprehend, how- ever, that Collier was really unacquainted with Berkeley’s treatise, since in his Clavis he says that he had pauged and Information respecting Arthur Collier. tures of Gaudentio di 5th deliberated ten years before he came to the resolution of publishing his notions, Yet if Collier is clear of plagiarism, he has not a just claim to originality; the principle which he maintains with meta= physical subtlety being contained in Mr. Morris’s “Theory of an Ideal World.” T find that one Arthur Collier, of Peme- broke College, Oxford, proceeded M.A, July 7, 1670; and another of both these names, of Trinity College, in the same university, took the degree of B.C.L. December 1, 1782, and doctor in the same faculty, April 23, 1737. Having mentioned the excellent bishop Berkeley, I take this opportunity of re~ marking upon an assertion in your 27th volume, page 237, that the romance of Gaudentio di Lucca, was written by Mr, Simon Berington. ‘Phat book has ge- nerally been ascribed to Berkeley, and E have strong reasons for believing that he actually composed it during his residence at Oxford. Be that as it may, no person acquainted with the productions of Be- Tington, can believe for a moment that he was the author of Gaudentio di Lucca, His principal performance, entituled, ¢ Dissertations on the Mosaical Creation, Deluge, &c.” lies now before me, and some reader has written on the first blank leaf, the following note, which expresses very justly, in my opinion, the literary character of Mr. Bevington. “The author of this book was a Ro- mish priest of Shropshire, and a mai of great eccentricity of manners, as well as of principles. The reader will perceive by the perusal of this work, that he was very dogmatical, yet superficial, and but little acquainted with the subjects he pre- tended to elucidate. He attacks the Hutchinsonians. with vehemence and scurrility, yet abuses them for their want of candour and good manners, “ The style of Berington is perplexed, vulgar, and ungrammatical.” In addition to this, and to shew what a narrow-minded sciolist Berington was, he adopted and defended in his tenth dissertation, the Tychonian system, in opposition to the Copernican, merely because the papal decree had anathematized the doctrine of the earth’s motion round the sun, Of Mr. Berington’s elegant diction and profound argumentation upon this sub- ject, take a specimen, and ther con- clude, if you can, that the mind of such a man could bave producer! the Adven- Tucca ** Our moderns,” says he, §¢ take it for granted, and run away with the notion sami ; hea 512 head, that it is the earth that moves round the sun all the while, and look wpon all as ignorant in philosophy who jinagine the contrary. © But, I say, is it absolutely certain, that the earth is dancing round the sun, yearly and hourly? And we ourselves are whirling head over heels, at the rate of a thousand miles an hour, at least?” In opposition to the Copernican doc- trine, thus reasons our philosopher, “* We have the testimonies of all our senses, at Teast our eves and feeling, that the sun moves, and not the earth.’ We see him yise in the east, and mounting higher every hour. We see the same sun set in the west, though we ourselves stand stock still. Now wesee him on one side of us; by and by we see he is moved to the other side. If we keep looking towards the east, in the morning he burns our Juces, in the evening our backs, unless we turn ourselves. Nay, in the longest days, we find he almost moves quite round us; et “tis we, forsooth, that move all the while, though we stand stock still. Nay, though in their precarious supposition, we should be whirling headlong from west toeast, yel we don’t perceive that we move round upon our heels, to make the sun appear to go quite round us, as he almost does in the longestdays. Again, we set up marks, we erect dials and gno- mons-in all positions, to shew and mea- sure his motions; yet we must suppose that the dials and gnomons move all the while, not the sun; yet these remain mo- tionless, not only by all our senses, but by all the experiments we can make; and this in all parts of the world at all umes.” Dissertatzons on the Mosaical Creation, “page 370, Svo. 1751. j - We here see that this book was printed some years after the appearance of Gau- dentiv di Lucea, and consequently when the author’s mind ought to have been im- proved, and his style polished, Instead of this he writes upon an astronomical subject, with the ignorant presumption of a clown, who judges only by his senses, and who arrays his coarse ideas in lan- uage suited to the meridian of the Biche or the stable. Now if after this any one can believe that the writer of such nonsensical ribaldry upon a philoso- phical argument, was the suthor of Gau- dentio di Lucea, he may carry his credu- Jivy farther and aseribe to the same accomplished and vigorous mind, ** Alcte phron, or the Minute Philosopher. Pancras, May 8, 1811. J. Watgirs, 4 Cultivation of Apple-trees for Cider. [July 1, To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR, "Peren who have resided any length *of time ina cyder country, and kuow the value of the apple tree to the farmer, and at how little expence it ts cultivated, must wonder that the growth of it, in sufficient abundance for producing cyder, should be confined to two or three of our counties. It is certainly posgible that the soil of tliose selected counties may be more peculiarly suited to its culture than the rest of England; though, when one* observes the cultivation of it extended up to the very borders of one county, and there stopping short, while in the adjoins ing county it is wholly neglected, one cannot but suppose that some accidental circumstance, rather than any peculiarity of soil, must, originally, have thus circum- scribed its growth. Yet, however, it is, certain that there are soils which are very unfavorable to the growth of apple trees, and in which, though they may thrive for a while, they will seldom attain that age and maturity, without which their pro- duce will never be sufficient to reward either the gardener or the farmer for the trouble and expence of rearing them. EF believe it is principally where gravel lies at a little distance from the surface of the earth that the apple tree droops; and therefore, where that soil prevails, it is loss of labor to plant it in the ordinary manner, for though it grows healthily and weil until the sap-root reaches the gravel, yet the moment it does reach it, the tree begins to decay, ceases to bear in any abundance, and fecomes fit only for fires wood, This happens very soon in many places. I remember a gentleman, who resiled in the neighbourhood of Brent- ford, telling me that he had tried every method used in the cyder countries (where he had long resided) to rear apple-trees in his grounds, and had ap= plied them to almost every species of the tree, but that owing, as he supposed, to the unfavorable natere of the soil, all his endeavors had failed; and that of albhthe trees he had planted, (and he had planted many) not a single one thrived. Here, where the soil is I believe of pretty nearly the same kind, the same thing takes place, and I believe equal difficulty occurs in rearing these trees wherever the soil ig of the nature I have described: and pro- bably there may be other soils besides gravel, equally unsuited to the cultivation of the apple-tree. But this impediment to the growth of these trees does not ap~ pear 1811.) Defence of the Church Discipline of the Quakers. pear to me to be incapable of removal, though some trouble and expence would undoubtedly attend it. By ascertaining the depth to which the sap-root of the apple-tree usually runs, and the breadth to which its other roots usually spread, and the description of soil which is best adapted to its culture*, ‘and then exca- vating the earth to a corresponding depth and breadth, and filling: up the cavity with the proper soil, and planting the tree in the centre of it, the impediment might be removed, and thus every one of our countigs would become capable of pro- ducing cider. It is true, that to form an orchard in this manner, would at first occasion a considerable expence; but the expence, once incurred, would never afterwards need to be repeated, and the produce of the trees, when they began to bear, would soon repay it with abundant interest; particularly when it is recol- lected that the home-close of a farm- house, when planted as an ofchard, re- mains as fit for the purposes to which it was before applied as if the trees had never heen planted in it; and that there- fore the profit produced by the cider made fromthe apples, would be a ciear and considerable addition to the former annual value of the close. To gardens especially, and particularly to the gardens of gentlemen, where expense is seldom pat in competition with the attainment of a desired object, the plan I have pro- posed is peculiarly adapted ; and it might be applied to other trees requiring a par- facular soil, as well as the apple-tree. Kentish- Town, Hi. May 13th, 1811. y ———— To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR, ONCEIVING that correct accounts of the principles and practices of religious sects will be deemed of some importance, and relying on that impar- tality which distinguishes the Monthly Magazine, I am induced to hope that the following observations will find a place in its next number. A paper having recently appeared under the signature of ** Verus,’”” on the * I should be greatly obliged to any, of your correspondents for information on these two points, viz. the depth to which the sap- root of the apple-tree commonly extends, and the soil in which it best thrives, Monruix Mac. No, 214 513 Church Government of the Quakers, which contains many palpable misrepre- sentations; it is my intention, by pub- lishing correct statements, to endeavour to efface the erroneous impression which Many persons must have contracted in consequence, This writer introduces his observations with an affected candour, and apparent concern for the real interest of the so- ciety in question ; but very little pene- tration is requisite to discover, from the context, that it is his design te throw an odium on that religious body, He then charges its members with an avaricious disposition, with a spirit prone to bigotry, and with a contempt for learning. Sup~ posing that these unamiable traits had place in reality, and that they were at« tributable, as is insinuated, to the dis~ cipline of the society being conducted by a comparatively small body, whose proceedings are veiled in profound se« crecy, even to the generality of the mem~ bers, whence would the latter become contaminated? Surely some communi- cation of improper principles must take place before injurious effects could arise. But these accusations are unfounded, since they are exploded by the more li- beral members of the community, and sufficiently refuted by Clarkson, who, indeed, states it as his opinion, that the society has not hitherto been adequately attentive to the literary educatton of its members, but admits that respectable schools are on the increase. Is this a proof that the qnakers “ look with a jeas lous eye on science and literature,” It is asserted, “ that the really-effec. tive part of the government of the society is exercised by the select meetings.” [ would observe en passant, that this is an improper term not to_be found in the official publications of the discipline of the quakers. On the more important question it will be sufficient to quote a passage from the author I have before appealed to, which will serve to place the subject in its true light. * Of the ministers and elders it may be observed, that it is their duty to confine themselves wholly to the exhortation of one another for good, They can make no laws like the ancient synods, and other convo cations of the clergy, nor dictate any article of faith. Neither can they med« dle with the government of the church. The quakers allow neither ministers nor elders, by virtue of their oflice, to interes fere with their disciplige, . Every pro 3U position . 514 position of this sort must be determined upon by the yearly meeting, or by the body at large.”* Even on the chief point upon which this writer’s arguments rest, that the members of the select meeting are self- elected,” I shali prove him to have mis- stated the fact. By consulting either the work which [ bave just quoted, or the abstract of the «liscipline of the society, published under the title of “ Yearly Meeting Minutes,” he will find that the elders are appointed hy the recommend- ation of the monthly meeting, sanctioned by the approval of the quarterly meeting. Here we discover the tottering founda. tion of that structure which Verus bas raised, of that which has furnished him with a topic for his exordium, of that on which he has introduced poetical quo- tation, and descanted throughout with so much complacency. I would farther observe that the proceedings of the meet- ings of ministers and elders are not so studiously concealed as is represented, since the queries proposed at these meet- ings, with other information respecting their functions, may be found in the * Yearly Meeting Minutes.” George Fox is charged by “ Verus” with entertaining superstitious notions. On this head candour would have pointed ont to him the difference which has taken plece on such subjects, between the ideas of the present eve and that in which G. Fy lived. But I cannot conceive, that this circumstance is calculated to detract from his merit, in having established a discipline which has been defended by many persons of real ability and learning, and a system, of the peaceable tendency of which the unprejudiced of different denominatiovs have so frequently testi- fied their approbation. The society is advised to adopt the mode of ballot instead of the means at present pursued of deciding on the sub- jects which claim its attention, This proposition I was scarcely prepared to expect even from “ Verus.” When it is considered that on such accasions every member is allowed to speak his senti- ments, and that during a series of years unanimity has been preserved; would it not be folly to introduce a practice which could only serve to foment oppo- sition? How much more consonant is the method now adopted with the se- riousness of the subject discussed, with rad : : * 6¢ Portraiture of Quakerism,” by T. Clarkson, M.A.—Vol. ii. p. 275, 3 Effects of Vegetation.on the Are oo _T. "9 a ) — ae [July t, that spirit of Christian charity which ought ever to pervade a religious assem- bly. Aud surely there can be no reason to apprehend unpleasant consequences from that deference to age and expe-~ rience, to which allusion has been made, Considering the nature of his mate- rials, ‘¢ Verus” has certainly proceeded _ to the accomplishment.of his desigh with very plausible effect. It is not therefore my intention to deny him the praise of ingenuity; but Il would press upon his serious consideration the necessity of procuring accurate information before he again arraigns the conduct of any sect ; since this alone will enable him to adopt: with propriety the appellation he has assumed. DeFENSOR. Leominster, 5mo. 15, 1811. EE To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR, P I TRUST yoer correspondent in the Monthiy Magazine for last month, who wishes information on the effects of vegetation on the air, may receive the desired knowledge from the following simple experiment, which I believe to have been practised so repeatedly as to leave no doubt of the results. If in a receiver filled with air rendered incapable of supporting animal life or combustion, (having been decomposed in its passage through the lungs of an ani- mal,) be placed a sprig of mint, and thus exposed to the action of light, it will in a few hours be so completely altered (by the power of vegetation) as to be restored to a similar state it was in at the time it was first inhaled- The reason is this: atmospheric air is a chemical combina- tion of gases, principally oxygen and ni- trogen. In the passage of the air (when we breathe) through the lungs, it imparts its oxygen to the arterial blood, and is thrown out again at the mouth in’ the state of nitrogen and carbonic acid gas ; part of the oxygen having, as before stated, entered into the composition of the arterial fluid, whilst the other, uniting with the. carbon of the blood is thrown off in the state of carbonic acid gas; the nitrogen, by its superior levity, as- ceuds whilst the carbonic acid gas, or fixed air, falling by its gravity (being the heaviest gaseous body known) is received by the vegetable organs of respiration, and there depositing its carbon it is evolved again; and the air thus freed in the vegetable from its carbon, is again fit for breathing. So we see. the fluid that is rendered, by having passed through the 1811.7, the lungs, not only useless, but even highly prejudicial to the animal economy, has been by the action of the vegetable, ‘again rendered pure. This is the pros cess and, effect of vegetation, not in one particular plant, but through the whole of nature—Not but.some plants may exude effluvia pernicious to the ani. mal economy; but fortunately they are extremely rare. I have no knowledge of any in this kingdom. An instance of one is related, said to exist in the East Indies, whose baneful effects ex- tend to a considerable distance. The medicinal properties of plants are to be extracted only by different processes, such as infusion, distillation, &c. Pro ducts often of the most opposite qualities are obtained from the same plant by va- ryingthetreatment, Thus, froma highly dea plant is procured the cassava read of the American Indians and the tapioca of Commerce. In the communi- cation of Dr. Sims last month, is related another instance,. The leaves of the stra -Monium are unquestionably, as I have witnessed, highly usefulin asthma; but it ‘appears the effect of the seed and wood are quite different. The nightshade, a well known poison if eaten, I never found to affect the air, although growing in considerable quantities: the aroma er vevetable substance, is little known ; it appears generally 'to be obtained in the essential oil. Tn answer to your correspondent on the analysis of soils; I should presume in many instances the substitution of ni- tro-muriatic acid, for muriatic may be found useful; but I submit to that gen- tleman’s consideration, whether his an- prebensions of a false result being ob- tained are not groundless; it appears to me that if the iron is already so far satu- rated with oxygen as to be insoluble in the acid, it cannot gain weight in the process of destroying the vegetable mat- ter by fire. Supposing the steel ball suspended in the manner an Amateur in Philo- ‘sophy describes, its vibrations would be stopped from the following causes :— 4st. Although the magnetic powers might at first be adjusted with the greatest accuracy, the adjustment from the Mature of the attractive fluid would be quickly destroyed.—Qdly. Were the pe lum suspended according to the most approved mechanical principles, there would still remain a portion of friction sufficient to impede and eyen- ‘tually stop its action.-3dly. The force ff gravity would be greatest, and the Facts relating to Admiral Patton. 515 tendency of the pendulum to a state of inaction, greatest at that point where the small power of the magnets would be exerted to counteract each other; viz. the midway of an arc of a circle, the centre of which would be the point of the pendulum’s suspension. J. Bennetr, Greenwich, May 15, 1811. a For the Monthly Magazine. Facts relating to apMiRaL patton, ha- ving a reference to the cENsuRES of a REVIEW upon his ‘‘ NATURAL DEFENCE of an INSULAR EMPIRE.” are work of a professional man upon a professional subject, where judg- ment and opinion are submitted to public consideration, may be expected to, pro= duce an influence proportioned to the professional character of its author. The art of depreciating such a work will con- sist in the endeavour to lessen the profes= sional credit and estimation of its author with the public. The review opens its censures upon the Natural Defence of an Insular Em- pire, by ridiculing clubs of old naval offis cers meeting frequently together to extol the navy of their day, and depreciate the present; not one word of which will bear the smallest reference to Admiral Pat- ton’s habitudes and occupations, The reviewer seems to have been sup- plied with a list of the naval services in which. Admiral P, was engaged, which is accurate as far as it goes, but it is not complete; and it omits what was mos¢ essential to establish the admiral’s claim to attention upon the subject of discrie minating the views, the wishes, the merits, the intentions, and the proper management of seamen, which facts will specify. Lisi ian In thelist given of naval services, where Admiral P, was present, the taking of the Havannah is omitted,where hawas made a lieutenant; and Sir Hyde Parker’s ac- tion off the Dogger Bank, where he com+ manded a frigate, and discovered one of the enemy's ships, which was sunk in the night, and brought her pennant to the admiral. The reviewer states a circumstance to prove the impartiality of the adiniralty in conferring favours, in an instance which had Admiral P. himself for its object, when he was in the station of a come mander, by. appointing him to the tempo» rary command of a ninety gan ship, on a service of importance. Chis gertainly was the case, and befoye this appoiite ment << el — 516 ‘ment took place, the admiral command- ing, at Portsmouth, had given him an acting commission for the same ship. These circumstances seem to inferacon- fidence at thaf time placed in his profes- sional qualifications, But the reviewer does not mentian an important occur- rence which took place on this occasion, When at sea, the crew of this ninety gun ship actually mutinied. Capt. Patton took the instant means to quell this mu- tiny, had the ringleaders secured, sum- moned the ship’s company upon deck, explained his orders, the nature of their crime, and the tendency of their disobedience, and then ordered ex- emplary punishment to be inflicted. Discipline was hereby completely esta- blished ; and before he quitted his com- mand, he received strong marks of ate tachment from the ship’s company. About this time (the close of the Ame- rican war) several matinies took place in line of battle ships: Jet the reviewer en- quire the result of those mutinies, and whether discipline or mutiny was trium- phant! There was an obvious cause for this tendency to mutiny in the navy‘at that time, traced by Capt. Patton to the pe- culiar hardships in the situation of the first order of seamen in the king’s ships. Upon the renewal of the war, the same causes produced the same effects, or ra- ther the causes and the effects were aggra- vated. Thedifference between complete and incomplete seamen is unknown to landmen, and not always sufficiently attended to by professional men. Upon this subject Lord Nelson seems to acknowledge the acquisition of expe- rience, 1 a voyage he made to the West Indies in a trading ship*. Tt is in the merchawt service that the merits of a Can Rta an, aaa atl * The following is an extract from his own Memoir of his Services, in his Life lately pub- lished. ‘¢ But this business with Spain being accommodated, J was sent in a West India ship, &c. with Mr. John Rathbone, who had formerly been in the navy in the Dread- nought wilh Capt. Suckling.—From_ this voyage I returned to the Triumph at Chat- ham, in July 1772, and if I did not improve in my education, | came back a practical sea- man, witha horror of the Royal Navy, and with a saying then constant with the seamen: * After the most honour, forward the better man!” he better man meant the: better seaman. , His lordship adds, *¢ It was many weeks before I got in the least reconciled to a man of war, so deep was the prejudice rooted.” This illystratea the ideas of practical seamen. » Facts relating to Admiral Patton. [July 1, complete seaman are fully recompensed in time of war: besides very high wages, if he be sober he is almost certain of attaining the station of a mate; and if otherwise qualified, that of a master. From receiving very high wages, and the prospect of these advantages, such men are forcibly taken by the impress (they never enter voluntarily) into the navy, to be put upon a footing with inferior seamen. Thesé were the circumstances that influenced the opinion of Capt. Pat- ton, who apprehended, from what he knew and observed, that the common sufferings of so many men, wrested from better situations, debarred from higher prospects, confined to ships under mili- tary discipline, aad withheld from ever seeing their families or relations, might produce some shock disastrous to the British fleet. Strongly impressed with this apprehensiou, he drew up a memo- rial upon the subject, pointed out the danger, and suggested the remedy; which was to give complete or prime seamen encouragement in the navy fully equal to what they received in the merchant ser- vice, by adequately raising the wages of such stations and situations as complete seamen alone could fill, and which could not. be occupied by inferior seamen. This and other indulgencies, which would attach them to the service, would remove all cause for discontent in them, and prove an absolute security against mutiny in his majesty’s ships, because the ‘prime seamen are always the leading characters on ship-board, This memorial was presented to the first lord of the admiralty, and to the mi- nister, two years before the general mu- tiny took place: but it was disregarded ;— and no wonder, for there was not ano ther professional man who had the same view of the subject. In the language of the reviewer, Capt. Patton was then held, as Admiral Patton is now cone sidered by him, to be acroaker, Times however, brought forth the dreadful event he had predicted, which his dis- cernment, or his attention to circums stances overlooked by other professional men, enabled him to foresee. Jt was then acknowledged that his rejected mes morial had proved prophetic, Had that memorial been attended to, and the means ‘used which were there pointed out for attaching prime seamen to the service, how much would the nation have gained? what a waste of money would have been saved, which has been use- lessly, because indiscriminately, pele — = pi] al 1811.) 1 The prime seamen, who have been the cause, would have: proved the security against mutiny, ] , Of the unparalleled mutiny which took possession of the British fleet at Spit- head; this primary class of seamen were unguestionably the first movers and the sole conductors. Such men never can be satisfied when only put upon a footing with inferior or incomplete seamen; who are not their peers on shipboard, either in their own estimation, or in that of the ship’s company. The general rise of * seamen’s wages has failed of giving the intended satisfaction, it recompensed in- ferior seamen beyond their deserts, but .was inadequate to the services and the merits of prime seamen, upon whom the peculiar excellence of the British navy depends. . The desideratum for ensuring to the state the services of the navy, isto attach’ these men, without whom your ships eannot act; the hardship of whose situa- tion, under the present compulsory sys- tem, in case of a peace supervening, without adequate encouragement to them, may drive many of them from their native country to strengthen the future fleets of our enemies. Such are the sentiments and apprehensions of Admiral Patton upon this subject, which render him anxious to avert evils which he regards as pregnant with destruction to Britain. The quarterly reviewer, in his acconnt of Admiral P. states that he commanded a short time at Deal. Mr. Pitt at that tyme being out of administration, resided in that neighbourhood, and hecame per- sonally acquainted with Admiral P. When he returned to the station of prime minister, the Admiral’s command at Deai was interrupted by his nomination as ene of the lords of the admiralty by Lord, Melyille. In the conduct of this able statesman at the head of the admi- ralty, the reviewer finds occasjon to con- fute Admiral’ P.’s opinion, that profes- sional knowledge was requisite for the direction of nayal affairs, from a measure adopted by his lordship, which produced an effect decidedly and importantly ad-+ vantageous to Britain, by supplying ships upon a great emergency, in the short pe- riod of a few months, for which the usual mode of repair would have required ag Many years; this happy effect was pro- duced by having recourse to the plan sug- gested by Mr. Snodgrass. for refitting ships expeditiously and securely; whose wert in this discovery is beyond all Fatts relating te Admiral Pattom- 517 praise! This is certainly true; and to this expedient, which Lord Melville dis rected to be carried into execution with- out the intermediation of the “Navy Board, to avoid protraction or delay, - twenty-two line of battle ships were ra_ pidly equipped to join the British fleets at sea; and thereby the fleets under Sir Robert Calder and Lord Nelson were sufliciently reinforced to engage and dez feat the enemy, in the great and impors tant victories obtained by those distin- guished admnirals. 1 gil In this statement, the discernment, the promptitude, and decision of Lord Mel- ville, by which so eminent a service was rendered to his country, is most justly praised. But the following statement of facts ought also to be made known; The person who informed Lord Meiville of Mr. Snodgrass’s plan of refitting ships, was Admiral Patton ; to every other per= son at the Admiralty it was unknown, He extracted the passages from the work, to render it intelligible to Lord Melville, and urged its adoption; and he also re= commended to ‘his lordship to issue his own immediate orders for carrying this Service into execution; upon which the success of the measure so greatly des pended. In mentioning this service, the reviewer has brought forward an occurs rence, which places the professional knowledge and judgment of Admiral P. In a point of view that will not corre- spond with the impression bis review of ‘* The Defence of an Insular Empire” is - calculated to produce. It ought also to be further known, in justice to the mo- tives which actuated: Admiral P.’s con- duct, that upon the change of adminis- tration taking place, which put Lord Grey (then Lord Howick) at the head of the Admiralty; Admiral P. waited upon him, to inform his lordship of the advan- tage derived from the adoption of Mr. Snodgrass’s expeditious plan for refitting ships, and presented him with the ex- tracts, to render it intelligible without professional knowledge. The Catamaran enterprize, the re« viewer must now be informed, was un- dertaken without avy of the naval lords having been consulted. When it was at last referred to their consideration and judgment, they decidedly disapproved of it, In consequence of which it was not carried into execution. These are facts. The inference of this reviewer upon this subject, will not apply to Admiral Patton, I donot suppose that the Stone Expedient “4 had —— Fs” ee 518 had Lord St. Vincent's approbation; but upon this subject I have no information, These are the points of animadversion in the Review, respecting Admiral ‘P. which required the illustration of facts to invalidate misapprehension and misres presentation. As I write from recollee- tion, there may he others: but these I think sufficient to illustrate Admiral Pat- ton’s superior professional knowledge and merits and his patriotic motives, in the ardent desire he lias to secure to Britain, against the united naval world, the supe- riority ofther fleets, upheld by the volun- tary services of unequalled seamen, con- ducted by brave and skilful officers, and directed by maritime proficiency and judgment, The reviewer wishes to represent Admiral Patton as a croaker and pro- jector, whose opinions ought to be-disre- garded. But, upon this occasion, it must be remarked that his croaking rests upon the same foundation with his anticipation of the mutiny in the fleet, contrary to the judymenteven of professional men. God forbid that the reality of his representa~ tions should again be demonstrated by the occurrence of the events he wishes to avert, from the obstinacy of undiscern- ing confidence, ‘secure im the want of in- formation. Upon this subject the soli- dity of his conclusions has beew fully de- monstrated. His despair of influencing the rvlers of the state ty remetly the de- fect, which has already so nearly brouglit the navy to ruin, by the occurrence of a general mutiny, ‘has induced him to offer his: opinions to the public, and finally to tefer his statement of the situation of the navy to the good sense of the nation. Ameng the arts used by the same cri- tic, to creaie a prejudice against Admiral P. itis proper to advert to a most uncan- did: perversion of Admnral P.’s genuine sentiments of the military force of this country, under every denomination, whose zeal and gallantry deserve every praise he could bestow, which he literally meant as he expressed. How the re- viewer could pervert this into asneer, his intentions, must explain. _ The faets specified in the foregoing Sintpemetity were derived from Admiral Patton, but not upon the present occa- sion... [ am perfectly assured, of their truth, and [state them without bis know- ledge or participation. IT am uncertain how far be may approve of this explicit publication, but L think that justice to him and justice to the public, require that ali the circumstances illustrative o! Remarks on the Biographer of Fransham’s _ 4 a he vil 7 [July 1; his merits and motives, should, upon thé present occasion, be made fully known,» . . ee To the Editor of the Monthly Magesine SIR, EING a constant reader of your publication, I met with a passage in your last number, upon which I beg leave te offer some remarks. Ina piece intituled, «* A Memoir of John Fran- sham,” the writer observes, of a period in his life, that “* Fransham was iow ac quiring, or rather exercising, a marked detestation against the christian religion. This was much the fashion of the time. At the court of George the Second, the literature of infidelity was not frowned down.” Whether this: is meant as an Been reflection upon the court of George the Third, I do not pretend to say. The writer by his manver, how- ever, seems to think that it was an ex- cellency of the former reign. I am as much an enemy of persecution as the writer, though I do not think it is for the advantage of any state to encourage ins fidelity. The effects of it upon the mo-+ ral and political state of nations, has been such, as to furnish a warning to all who wish well to their country. The lis terature of infidelity was not ** frowned down” in the court of Charlesithe Sécond, the cause or consequence of which was, that it was the most profligate of any court recorded. in the British annals, to say nothing of its intolerarice in matters of religion, But the writer proceeds, *¢ Tt wasthonght to diminish the certainty and authority of theologians, and thus their asperities and persecutions,” Tn proportion as infidelity prevails, it will naturally diminish the certainty and au- thority of theologians in the minds of sceptics; but if the remark is intended against christianity itself, facts do not confirm it. Christianity has’ suffered) nothing from that examination which has been excited by deistical writers, and the yenerality of theologians have: not felt the ground, upon which Christianity’ stands, less firm from: the strictest ine vestigation ; nor consequently is. their certainty or authority diminished, among those who haveyiven it an impartial cons sideration. With respect to the’ asperi- ties and persecutions of theologians, if certainly is desirable that they should be diminished, wherever they prévail; bug whether the prevalence of infidelity would diminish these evils, is rather a doubtful question, Avowed deists and atheists 1811.) Assertions respecting the Advantages of Infidelity. a atheists have seldom possessed the civil power; but in those few instances in which they have obtained it, their libe- rality towards those who differed from them, has nat appeared to any great ad- vantage. Where lias there appeared a more violent spirit of persecution than in France, when the civil power fell into the hands of avowed unbelievers? Qn the other hand, we may confidently ap- peal to the New Testament to decide whether a zeal for Christianity, as there represented, would promote a spirit of persecution ornot. To diminish the as- perities and persecutions of theloyians, it is not necessary to abandon Christi- anity, but to understand and obey its dictates. But the writer assumes a bolder tone, in speaking of the supposed influence of infidelity upon the literary and military characters. |‘ Inasmuch,” says he, “as it unlocks the chambers of pleasure and banishes the fear of death.” By the kind of pleasure here meant, we are led to understand, those pleasures which Chris- tianity prohibits; while it allows all the sober, temperate, and innocent, enjoy- ments of life; and therefore the passage seems to intimate that infidelity takes off the restraints which religion lays upon our propensity to excess in the indulgence of animal appetite, drunkenness, de- bauchery, &c. &c. and therefore confers abenefit upon mankind. A shocking idea, but it appears to be the consequence of the writer’s mode of expression. “ And banishes the fear of death.” Ifa man ‘can persuade himself that there is no future state, no day of retribution be- yond the grave, it may, indeed, diminish the fear of death, to such characters; but even then, annihilation is what nature dreads, and death is far from being re- arded with indifference. It is not easy, owever, for an iifidel to be so esta- blished; the fear of death has often dis- covered itself in all its horrors, when the unbeliever has apprehended its near ap- proach; this is said, by an eye-witness, to have been the case with Volney, when crossing one of the Jakes of North Ame- Tica, in a violent storm. But, respect- ing the military, does infidelity render - soldiers more fearless of death in an en- gagement, and thus more brave? What facts ‘the writer could bring to prove it ~Iknownot. Butthere are manyinstances of the most cool and steady courave in military men, who have most seriously believed the Gospel. Such were Colo- nels Gardiner and Blackader formerly. £ 519 And in the present day it is well known, that there are military men, both officers and common soldiers, who give the best evidence of their firin and serious faith in the Gospel, who have not been exs ceeded in courage, when exposed to the utmost danger of death, by any of their comrades, who have perhaps alfected to despise them as enthusiasts. Itis further said that infidelity ‘ bestows frankness, strengthens the vigou*, und enlarges the dominion of the intelleet.”' T think the author is peculiarly unfortunate in the mention of frankness, as the effect of infidelity, when it is so well known that many of the most celebrated unbelievers have been guilty of the meanest disin- genuity, in disguising their principles by a pretended belief in revealed religion. Thus Morgan professed himself a Chris. tian in those very writings in which he labours to destroy Christianity. « Voltaire, in a letter, still extant, requested his friend D’Alembert to tell a direct false- hood by denying that be was the author of the Philosophical Dictionary. D’Alem- bert in his answer informed him, that he had told’ that falsehoud. Voltaire also solemnly professed to believe in the Ca- tholic Religion, although, at the same time, he doubted the existence of a God. . Collins, though he denied the truth of christianity, qualified fora civil office by partaking of the Lord’s supper. Shaftesbury did the same.» Yet such men as these are continually declaiming against the hypocrisy of priests. In short, whatever may be the “ vigour or enlarge- ment of intellect,” of which infidels may boast, they have no reason to take the praise of it exclusively to themselves, so long as Christians can claim such men as Sir Isaac Newton, Mr. Locke, and Sir William Jones, as the avowed, steady, and consistent, professors of christi- anity. John Fransham, according to the me- moir, was certainly a man of talents, indastry, and learning; but it isto be lamented that he should employ them as he did. Had he impartially examined the New Testament, the only standard by which to judge of the religion of Jesus ; he could not have considered Christianity » and cruelty as synonimous terms. It must be attributed to prejudice or ma- hignity, that he should entertain such an ifea, merely because some, who- call themselves christians, but neither re- gard nor understand Christianity, are cruel. May 9, 1811, snl pk 0 520 To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR, WISH through the medium of your extensively circulated miscellany, to submit to the public some general re- marks upon a subject, which now de- servedly engages much of their atten- tion.” * Stimulated by.numerous faults or mis- fortunes in the management of our af- fairs, and by accuriulating burdens and calamities painful and oppressive to all classes of the people, an apparently large portion of the commanity again Joudly demands a Reform in the Com- mons’ House of Parliament. That the state of the representation is partial and defective, can hardly be dis- pated. According to justtbeory, a body professedly representing the nation ought to be constituted by the suffrage of all persons having an interest in the state, -as contributing directly at least towards its. support, -and not incapacitated by crimes, &c. from exercising their rights, Upon a purely rational principle, it would perhaps. be difficult to justify the practice of allowing any person to have more than one vote, as. fur freelolds in several counties, or in the capacity of freeholder and member ofa corporate town. Equally indefensible it appears in theory to be, that any towns should he privileged as such to return members to Parliament. All, it seems; ought to be chosen upon one uniform and equitable principle by counties or other districts. But there is a most important maxim in_ politics, which I trust all zealous advocates of re- form will keep in view ;—that very great or sudden changes in the institutions of a state are always attended with danger, generally with mischief, and sometimes with the dissolution, for a time at least, ofthe bonds of society. I hope that in the very moderate plan now generally countenanced, which only seeks, I be- lieve, to annihilate the rotten boroughs, giving the right of voting in towns to all houscholders paying taxes, and in coun. ties to copybolders, as well as freeholders, to acertain annual amount, and trans- ferving to poprlous towns and counties a number of members equal to the number which had been returned from the’ bo- roughs disfranchised ;—its promoters are influenced by this maxim, and do not limit their demands, because they de- spair at present.of obtaining more. In the consideration of our subject, however, the first thing that clains our - attention is the ultimate okect of a res lt ae a oe A Temperate Plan of a Reform of Commons: [July t, form. This doubtless is, to fillthe House of Commons with men who, if they are not exactly the representatives of .the whole nation, shall be disinterested, in= telligent, and actuated by ‘patriotic and virtuous principles, “To a British par- liament composed of such men, no good administration would object; aud with such a body, by whatever means they were chosen, all réal friends of reform would be satisfied. A [louse of Come mons composed of men of this descrip- tion, would use unremitting vigilance and activity to promote the domestic interests, and secure the domestic welfare of the country. Their foreign policy would have no other object, They would ese tablish a system of provision for the poor, anda code of criminal jurisprue dence, not unworthy of an enlightened age. They would .watch over the na- tional morals, cause the rudiments of knowledge to be every where dissemina- ted, give the utmost encouragement to useful science, arts, and literature, and endeavour so to. govern that the neces- saries and even the simple comforts of life might abound in the cottage of ins dustry wherever situated, or by whome soever’ inhabited. They would not be misled by the delusions of ambition, re- venge, or.military glory, Peace they would strenuously cultivate, as one of the foundation-stones essential to the superstructure of national happiness. In addition to the arguments against war which humanity sugvests, in adctition to every familiar objection; they would feel and urge as another motive for de- precating this scourge of mankind, that by its burdens it depresses the people, while so long as they can bear those bur- dens it exalts the executive govern- ment. But is a Jarge number of men of this description, and also disposed and fitted for the station of a British senator, to be found? Alas my country! who will an- swer in the affirmative, and give demon- stration or conviction of the fact? To rail against public profligacy and preju- dice, would tend to no good purpose ; but let us look the real state of things fairly insthe face. a The question then occurs, whether by the proposedreform in our representation, we should introducé into oar House of Commons, a large number. of independent. and uprightmen? More independence, at least of individuals or-of government, we should certainly secure, and probably a little more patriotism and integrity. 5 are A 1811.]. ‘More men of generally virtuous princi- ples, or of brilliant talents, would not, Lapprehend, be added. The absence of imposing talents, however, we should have no cause to regret, if their places was supplied by plain sound sense; but Virtue, public and private, is an essen- tial requisite to a useful public character, It appears still that the alteration would, to a certain extent, be beneficial; and the purchase of seats in parliament, or the appointment. by government, by peers, or by commoners, of persons to fill them, is an opprobriam which no lan- guage can exaggerate, Iam reluctant to repress ardour in a good cause. I desire deed, that such a temperate plan of reform as has been mentioned, may be pursued until it is effected; not pursued however with a passionate warmth which, at the expence of the public tranquillity, would extort by violence what cannot be instantly ob- tained by reason; but with a firm and patient perseverance, which strives to overcome ubstacles by peaceful and con- ciliatory means, and never deviates nor desists until crowned with success. But while the friends of reform do not relax in their efforts, let them not be too san- guine in their expectations of the bene-~ Fcial effect of their plans, lest disap- pointiment in this respect, when their ab- ject is attained, should excite new and dangerous projects, or a restless desire of change. Men must indeed be indivi- \ diially reformed before society can ap- proach perfection, or government be conducted upon right principles. Tn the mode of elections, much of good might, however, be easily effected. A choice by private ballot in towns, pa- fishes, or districts, and in every place at the same time, would at once check cortuption, and abolith disorders, odious in themselves, and injurious to the public morals and happiness. . Let this object then be above all things pursued, and its attainment will indeed furnish cause for triumph. No person of candour can doubt that Many oppose refurm from a sincere ap- prehension, that, when che door of inno- vation is opened, we are not certain of our ability to shut it, but that revolution with all its horrors‘may tush in, Such Opponents deserve respect, and even their opinion is above contempt. But with pradent management, an evil so justly to be dreaded may doubtless be averted. The measure ought not to be — ftemperately prosecuted, nor ungra- ly opposed; but considered with —— Monvuty Mac, No.2i4. Observations on Reform. 521 quiet deliberation, and without eclat be speedily accorded. Let us be persuaded that so long as we approve the general plan of our political constitution, it is both ov: duty and our interest to treat every. branch of the gos. vernment with external. reverence, not- withstanding our objections to some par- ticulars in their onstruction, or to some features in their character. The deporte ment observed towards establishments, will not readily vary with the variations in their purity. Mankind are, and pro- bably ever will be, passively led by haq. bit, aud instinctively impressed by names and forms. And it would be a Jament- able error to suppose that the ill conduct of members of an excellent establish- ment would warrant us in destroying or endangering the establishment itself, T would conclude with the remark, that as a virtuous end will not sanctify vicious means; so neither can a good object be safely and certainly promoted by men of general bad principles. IN. May 26,1911. ; To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR, i HE great problem about the liberty of the press may be solved in a very narrow compass. Its perplexity has been occasioned by the want of due discrimination. betweeo discussions on abstract and public topics and strictures on private character. The enemies of free inquiry purposely cqnfound these distinct objects, in order to destroy all liberty; and the friends of discussion fall into the. snare, and often defend the right of exposing private vices as apparently connected with the general liberty of the public press. Ifence, the rivht to de« fame private persons being inixed with the right to discuss general public to- pics, both parties are’ right, and both at the same time wrong! Whén a man, therefore, is tried ina court of law for writing a public-:pirited attack on some corrupt measure of an administration, the Judge ofter exclaims to the Jury in language like the follow=: ing:—“ Gentlemen, if such abominable hbels as these are to be suffered, you will not be able to sleep in your beds; your fire-sides will cease to be a sanctuary; and atl that is desirable in life, and all thac religion teaches us to hold sacred, will lose their protection and security !"— © thereby confounding things as opposite as the Antipodes! Such libsls as those described, would indeed deserve dif- SK ferent * 522 Solution of Difficulties relative to [July 1, ferent treatment from that which they ,fer on every miscreant who can write usually meet with in courts of law ; but to'confound with them legitimate stric- tures on any public topic, is like con founding a pi#s-pocket with a_ public benefactor. Separate therefore these distinct objects of literary jurisdiction, and all mankind will agree that science, morals, law, religion, politics, economics, and the public measures and conduct of public men cannot be too fully or too freely discussed ; but on the other hand, that too heavy a responsibility, and too severe a punishment, cannot well be-in- flicted on the deliberate, wanton, and malicious, violator of the sanctuary of a man’s fire-side and family circle. There can, nor ought to be, no restrics tions in speculative inquiries on abstract suBjects, or on topics of a public na- ture involving public interests, in which every man has a stake in his fortune or posterity, and therefore, as part of the grand jury of the public, he ought to be at hberty to indict and:present them through the press. But it would be a mischievous anomaly in jurisprudence, and would tend to disorganize all the social relations, if every man, through the instrumentality of the press, were to bé allowed to usurp all the powers of a grand jury, in regard to his neigh- bours;—if every malicious unprincipled éharacter were to be armed with the powers of an authorised grand jury, and be suffered publicly to indict and put on his defence every other man whose su- perior virtues were the objects of his envy or hatred ! ; Private vices, when they exist, are properly cognizable only before the tri- bunal of a man’s friends and family; they are alone within the jurisdiction of his own conscience, of his religion, and of his Maker; but, if they ever become the instruments of publig wrongs, they are then cognizable before a legal tri- bunal, and punishable according to the énormity of their effects. | It isa monstrous doctrine therefore to confer on an anonymous or malignant writer, the province of a grand jury, and to expect one who has been slan.- dered, and who secks redress at law, to prove that the slander is in every sense false. It ought to be enough to shew that the libeller of private character has published wantonly and malignantly, that which, whether true or false, is spe- cially or palpably injurious. To ask for more of him who prosecutes for a personal libel, is at once ta cons <- in the language of Billingsgate, and who, from lack of principle, gares not what he says, the powers of a grand jury of the country. It is to put a man on his defence without the qualifications of number, property, oath, or honour, in his grand, jury, and to expose him to the worst and most ferocious of tribunals —the conscience of an anonymous ac- cuser, who, unseen, unknown, devoid per- haps of every honourable sentiment, and stimulated by a thirst of revenge, would seck to satiate his diabolical passions in blood, but for the legal responsibility at- tending murder. ‘ Let us for a moment look to the effects of personal slander: a man writes a libel on another, and obtains its circulation through a public newspaper: the Jibel 19 read by ten thousand persons in all parts of the empire,and an extensive and Jast- ing prejudice is created against the li- belled, highly prejudicial to bis comfort, family, fortune, ard laudable ambition: whether true or false, deserved or un- deserved, the effect is the same on nine thousand nine hundred of those who divert themselves in reading it. They do not take the trouble to ascertain its truth or falsehood; it is not worth their while to do so; and, if they chose to do it, they have not the or,portunity. Besides, who is to gauge the precise degree of its foun- dation; the premises may be innocently, true, and the inferences false and ma- licious; and after it has in some supposed way been sifted and proved to te partly false, partly true, how few of the tem thousand take the trouble to discharge their minds of the first prejudice; and how many never read the coutradictior who read the libel, and, while under ers ror, spread it among ten thousand more. No contradiction, no apology, no das mages, no punishment of a personal lis beller, can, therefore, competently atone to the party, and entirely wipe away the stigma imposed upon him, Ought, there- fore, such a license to be tolerated under any limitation? Ought it not rather to: be deemed a crime in its very concoction and genera, without considering either its quality or species? } assume it as a general and well founded position, that whatever it.is the duty of one man to propagate about an+ other for any alleged benefit to the pub« fic, may be made the foundation of a legal accusation before a grand jury; and the criterion of its fitness for difu-~ siov, will be ascertained by their deci+ SHOT 7 ut wit r , i 4 7 ae } | | 18) 1.] sion. For every thing that a man is not amenable to a grand jury, he is answer- able to no other tribunal than his own conscience, his domestic circle, and his God; and he, who designedly, and with out some imperious and paramount ob- ligation, propagates any information calculated to bring any private character into contempt, to injure his fortunes, or wound his feelings, ought to be punished as an infamous slanderer. What I have stated above, may suffice to shew that the crime of libelling one’s neiyhbour bas no proper connection with the truth or falsehood of the assertion. He who is libelled might be allowed to prove the falsehood in aggravation; but to attempt to justify a libel ona private person, is an evident aggravation of the original offence, and ought never to be encouraged or countenanced iD any court of Jaw, in which the attainnfent of justice is the primary object. I consider this distinction between public discussion on public topics, and the malignant slander of private persons, _ and private character, to be the best security of all that is really useful ina free press. Ecannot, therefore, proceed, with- ouc exhorting courts of law to protect those who seek legal remedies against private libels, from greater libels, and froin wisrepresentations far more gross, which appear in the pretended reports ‘of such trials, in-our newspapers. He who thinks it worth his while to libel an- other man, and to oblige him to seek his remedy at law, will not scruple after the ‘trial to obtain the circulation of his own yeport of the proceedings: hence it is that the most flagrant lbels constantly escape with impunity, their punishment becoming a question of expediency, rather than of justice. That libel which was originally circulated in a cotner, and which, if neglected, might possibly have produced no palpable injury, will, if pro- secuted, as these things are now con- ducted, be circulated with emphasis in every newspaper in the kingdom, attejided by the witticisms, insinuations, strained inferences, and scandalous as- sertions, of counsel; so that a@ man who secks his redress at law, for that injary to which no man of honour could sub- mit, frequently involves himself in great expence and anxiety, gets perhaps a shilling damages, finds bimself at first the laughing-stock of his neighbours, and js finally ruined in his fame and his for- qune! As these considerations may appear te the Liberty of the Press. 523 some persons to compromise that right of free discussion, which is of such vital importance to the civilization, happiness, and improvement, of human nature; it may be necessary for me to remark, that I conceive the occasions to be very few, in which privaté character has any inherent connection with the investiga- tion of valuable truths. Is he a minister who supports an unnecessary war by mis- leading the public reason, and giving a false direction to the passions of the people; write against that war, and also ayainst wars in general; expose their mischiefs, and prove their ‘incfiiciency froin reason and experience to effect the objects which they propose?—Js he @ judge who over-rules juries, and passes cruel and unusual sentences; write against such practices, and shew that such sentences are contrary to the Bill of Rights?—Is he a general who unmer- cifully flogs his soldiers? question the policy and efficacy of flogging soldiers.— Is ‘he a prince addicted to the vice of drunkenness? expose that vice and its Lonsequence to tke interests, honour, and health of those who indulge in it.— But in neither of these cases, or in any similar case, is it necessary to vilify the personal and private character of the parties! Every legitimate purpose of the press being to be etfected under this li-~ mitation; it involves the probability of rendering the press odious to society, to insist on the right of wantonly exhibiting . supposed or alleged defects of - private character, thereby arming -every cow- ardly anonymous assassin with the au- thority pertaining only to a Grand Jury, and enabling him by turns to denounce and put on their defence, every honour- able man* and virtuous woman in the country. The press, as a means of attaining truth and information, by the collision of various opinions, is preferable to all others. A people cannot possess a more effectual power of exposing mal-admi- nistration than a free press. That king or minister evinces little wisdom, and a small degree of respect for the people, _ who does not consult the press as the medium of their complaints, and who does not maintain its freedom, that their complaints may be free, and that he may avail himself of its suggestions. A wise prince will recollect an admirable ar- rangement of some Vathers ofthe Chinese people, who caused a letter-box to be afiixed ‘at the Palace gate, into which their subjects were invited to pat their complaints, 524 complaints, and their suggestions for tke. improvement of the government; and the Chinese emperors considered it a sacred duty to open those boxes them- selves, and peruse and attend to their contents.. A free press effects the same object, with the advantages to be de- rived from collision of sentiment, No #ritish Prince ought, therefore, to encou- rage restrictions on the press in regard to public objects, unless he at the same instant announce the plan of a Chinese letter-box at the gate of-his Palace. The press, isso vital and important a machine for the enlargement of know- dJedge and the removal of abuses, that I consider the misuse of it, for purposes of ‘private slander and personal libel, as little less than sacritrcr! The an- cients would have personified, and under that personification have worshipped THE PRESS for its social power and use- fulness ; they would therefore have treated as blasphemers, those who made use of it for the gratification of private-malice, and would have punished in very dif. ferent degrees a manuscript or oral libels and a calumny diffused by the instru- mentality of the hallowed press. So little however are the sacred puwers of this deity reverenced by the British ‘People, that it is to be regretied, nearly as much of mischief is perpetrated by venal and sycophaut writers, as of be- nefit from. patriotic writers who detect abuses, and advocate the interests of the people. In short, truth 1s 80 confounded and so perplexed by the systematic cor- ruption of the press, that I have some. times been almest led to entertain the heretical sentiment, that the press itself was pernicious to the public ‘welfare, and an obstruction to the cause of truth and justice! It is well known that pens sions are allowed to many editors and ‘writers, by most administrations, for the general support of their measures, and that annual allowances have been nade by many of the public offices to news- papers, for the purpose of supporting interests of the particular office, and of puffing and praising its conduct, If a too free use of the press subjects a man to pains and penalties, how much heavier ought punishment to fall on pub- ' lic functionaries, who bribe the press with the public money to impose on the people, or who bribe it even out of their own fortunes to give a false colouring to their mal administration? I earnestly recommend, therefore, that an Act of Necessary Discriniination between [July 15 Parliament should be. passed, which should subject a public functionary to at least two years imprisonment, and to be cashiered, who should be proved to have bribed the conductors of any public print, to give a false colour to any act of his administration. Till some measure of this kind is adopted, the governed aud the governors, in regard to the press, are not upon an equal footing. The people may be in- sulted every day by mistatemeats to their prejudice; the patriotic friends of the country may be grossly libelled, while the writers are basking in the sun-shine of power, and reaping a golden harvest as the reward of their prostitution; but should one of the people fur his co- patriots stand forward to expose in un- guarded language the, mal-administration of a public functionary, he is liable to be made to answer without the interven- tion of a Grand Jury, and to be sub- jected to vengeful proceedings from united and condensed power, which eventually crush aud destroy him. : Llow imperiously then is the Parlia- ment called upon to prohibit proceedings ex officio, and to insist that all libels shall be referred toa Grand Jury! This done, how. delicate and -how sacred are the functions of that Jury in deciding when the latitude of free discussion and the bounds of decency are exceeded! And again, after these have decided in the aflirmative, how great is the respansibi- lity of a Petit Jury, and how nicely ought they to consider the consequences of a conviction on the cause of truth, on their country’s welfare, and on the improve- ment of man! In regard to the paradox of Lord MansFieip, that the greater the truth the greater the libel, [ agree; and at the same time I differ with that great man. In charges of private libels, he was most correct, and justifications ought never to be encouraged ; but in regard to a public functionary, on the truth or falsehood of the matter lies the merit or demerit of the publication. - An author or publisher who truly proclaims that mal-acministra- tion which, on investigation, he can prove, deserves a ctvic cRowN; but, on the other hand, if he turn out to bea base calumniator, he ought to be pus Lished with salutary rigour. Lord Mansfield was not in error when, in regard to private libel or personal slan- der, he asserted, that the greater the truth the greater the libel. It was a bold ; ASSELUON § ISihy) assertion: but, besides the reasons al- ready stated, it will appear that if satis- faction canaot be obtained without decla- ring or charging the falsehood of the assertion, and consequently without pro- ving its falsehood, that one who is libelled is called upon to prove a negative, aud to -find witnesses to every act of his life, to be able to obtain satisfaction or atone- ment against an infamous (rbeller. One can scarcely suppose any other object in creating so odious a dilemma in regard to the press, than a wilful design of bringing. into disrepute the free exer- cise of the press in general on laudable aod proper objects. It is a dilemma not necessary or essential to any legitimate object of useful discussion. I exhort the friends of free inquiry, therefore, not to become parties in ensnaring the press itself, by supporting doctrines in regard to privale libel, which involve and en- tangle the sacred and unalienable rights of public discussion ! Ae The plain and rational distinction is this—indictments, oractions for libels on private persons, should simply charge, that such and sech an injurious assertion was maliciously written and published: In the inalice lies the crime, and no ma- lice can be inferred if the assertion itself is Not injurious, specially sr palpably. On the other hand, in general disvus- sions relative to general truths and to public objects, whether of men or things, inasmuch as it is useful and meritorious, and @ common tight to discuss such sub- jects, so the FALSEHOOD of the assertions ought to constitute a leading aud neces- sary feature of the charge. Commow Sense. Buckingham Gate, June 16, 1811. Se To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR, HEN any individual, however ob- scure his situation in hife, makes an attempt toward the public good, ic must be successful, more or Jess, for even if his abilities, or his means be small, he will ever be seconded. #* In the cause of the public no effort can be - Jost."—Dr. Febb. . In the general article of ur common food—bread, much has éfrequently been said and written ; it is ‘ the staff of life.” Now a staff means support, and who would on a pedestrian journey go without a sound substantial staff; why then ever grit that main staft—bread, which ought raed ao Private and Public Libels—DMaslin Bread. 525 ever to be made good and. wholesome, aud rendered as cheap as possible. Brown, or second bread, is generally used in the country—and why novin Lon- don? Because it is frequently so bad, made not in the way it ought to be, bat with bad and damaged flour, and in or- der that it may not be suspected to be such, by its whiteness, pollard and the raspings of dirty and burnt outsides of loaves, run through an iron mill, are mixed with the four. Dr. Buchan, whose memory ought to be ever respected, having the great cause of health much at heart, cautioned the world against bad bread, especially for children, and recommended maslin bread. Maslin means a mixture of the flour of wheat and rye; an excellent article 5 and I was lately glad to see that a baker on the west side of Fleet Market has not only adopted his advice, but has put a large printed paper to explain it in his shop window. I bought some of this bread, and so much do I admire it, thac I have advised every family in which I have since visited to get it; many have, and admire it. It appears to be, and the baker assures me it is, made of the Lest flour of wheat and rye; the bread is fine, has no coarse husks in it, and it keeps moist many days, The virtues of the rye render it peculiarly fit for costive habits; but the very flavour is delicious; and then the price, nine pence per peck less than the standard, readers it an ob= ject, but were it sold at the same price I would have it. ; I wish that this hint may have the des sired effect, und that the man who hag thus brought it forward to the public, may be so well encouraged as to. induce others to adopt it. We shall then have never to hear of alum being found ina baker’s house; but if it should, that for such an offence, the old law should be put in force, of having ¢ bis ears nailed | to the pillory.” PutLanturopos, March 20, 1811. See eel To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR, hips following rules or regulations, which forma part of the written or unwritten code for the government of the quakers, will not, perhaps, be thought undeserving of a place in your Magazine, as tending to confirm the doctrine of yeur correspondent ‘‘ Common Sense,” in his excellent paper (Monthly Mag. for April) on the effects of close corporations, Soci¢ties, committees, &c, I shall in, troduce 526 troduce them without any comment, merely premising that I am not sufhe ciently acquainted with the juridical his- tory of this sect, to know whether these regulations are of ancient or modern date; and, diso, should they be in any ways incorrectly stated, I should consider jt a favour to have the -errors pointed out. 1. The quakers are directed by their annual assembly, not to lend their meet- ing-houses to the ministers of any other sect, on any occasion whatever: and the friends themselves are desired not to borrow the meeting-houses of other secs taries, if any other convenient building ean be obtained. 2. If any persen who has been dis- owned by the society shall desire to be boried in the quaker’s burial ground, it js always granted ; but it is strictly for- hidden for the corpse of such person to be taken into the meeting-louse, as granted in other cases; and if at the _ ground any minister should attend, and wish to address the assembly, it 1s not allowed to open the meeting-house to yeceive the persons, assembled, let the weather be ever so unfavourable. 3. It is generally considered improper among the quakers, for any person who Wears a tape to his coat, has outside pockets, or a high-crowned hat, to fulfil the office of clerk in any of their meet- ings for discipline, or speak in such meetings. 4. Itis directed by the annual assembly, that no quaker shall publish any book concerning the principles of the friends, without the revision and consent of a meeting of elders, called the merning meeting. 5. It is a law of this society, that no person shall continue a member, who is in the practice of paying tithes, contri- _butary to the church rates, or who, in any manner supports the clergy, ora hireling ministry; but the friends are strictly admonished to pay all taxes, even war-taves, faithfully and uprightly. I. Burrows. Chapter Coffee-house, May 8, 1811. To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR N regard to the grand discovery of ] Stramonium as a cure of asthma, you have given a death-blow to a piece of nefarious quackery, by publishing ina separate pamphlet, the communications mace to your respectable Mavazine, with other authentic documents onthe sub- ject, The 2uakers—Stramonium Pamphict. -geal of Mr. Williamse-Eprt. [July 4 ’ Your pamphler will doa great deal of good, and render an important service to truth and science, which hus suffered by the tritk of some person calling him- self Fisher, who has, by his audacity, contrived to palm one of his nostrums on the public, instead of the genuine simple herb. Persons afflicted, booksellers, and others, ought to be cautioned against the imposition of this Fisher, whose pamphlet about his nostrum, only yes- terday, was sent to.a friend of mine, who had ordered your pamphlet under the title of * Communications,” and whose bookseller- gravely contends he has exe- cuted his order ! We all know how the introduction of the cow-pox was perplexed by the arti- fices of quackery,’and | humbly conceive it is your daty to put the public on their guard against the new shapes it hasas- sumed on this occasion, * W. 8S. Witiiams. Bristol, June 6, 1611. rar To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR, HAT war is an evil, which all good and considerate persons, whatever their religious persuasions may be, must wish to see aholished, I shall take fur granted, for it seems to me utterly impos. sible to be otherwise. Some there are, no doubt, who excuse, or endeavour to excuse, most horrid transactions, on the plea of necessity; whilst others, witl more Christian benevolence, utterly con- demn such proceedings. = It appears to me, that if the power- fuly at the head of different nations, would seriously turn their thoughts to the subject, that it is not without some pro- bability, that a National Court of Arbi- tration might be established, to which, when two nations disagree, their cause might be referred, and that the decision of that court would frequently (af not always) be abided by. Do we not see that when a difference exists between two people, respecting some transaction in business, that the cause is referred ta private aybitration, aud the decision * We know of no means of effectually guarding ignoranceagainstdelusion, We did our duty, and we hupe no more than our duty, in collecting, with a public object, all the respectable materials and facts relative to Asthma, Our pamphlet is before the public, and we have no doubt will produce the foes a efiects on which we calculated, particularly — if every great tity contains one partisan of th abided 4 4 W117 ahided by? Why therefore would it be impossible to form a National Court of Arbitration. I rather compare a court of this sort to an arbitration, than toa Court of Justice; for, in an arbitration, the parties each chuse their friends to be the settlers of the dispute, which is not the case when people go to law, the judge and jury perhaps are-all unknown. to the parties differing. Each mation might send one or more deputies to the Na- tional Court, which should perhaps meet at different places, as might suit, or have one permanent place of assembling, Although this proposal may. to many appear absurd and not likely to produce any good, you will by inserting it in your miscellany much oblige, Aw OccastonaL CORRESPONDENT.” . April 98d, 1811. > P.S. Was there ever an attempt of this kind acted on? To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. JS 9 F any of yoyr readers can refer me to other books, written against what is commonly called Impressing or Pressing Seamen, than those mentioned below, I shail be much obliged to them to give me the information through the channel of your Miscellany, References to pas- sages (of consequence) on this subject, in books which may not be wholly writ- ten on it, whether against the practice or not, will also be acceptable. 4. The Sailors Advocate. § edit. Lond. 1777: 8vo, p. 42, (first printed in 1747-8.) $. A Short Essay upon the present mode of Impressing Men, &c. By a Free- holder, Lond. 1791. _duodecimo, p-22, - 8, A Discourse on the Impressing of Mariners, wherein Judge Forster’s Argument is considered andanswered. Lond. Codill. (no date) 8vo. ‘&. Essay on the pernicious practice of Im- pressing Sea-men. Lond. 1760. A Constant Reaper. —< ero To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. Sik, w AVING for the last month been H almost distracted with pain arising from a decayed tooth, which repeated ‘attempts have been made to extract without success, I turned over the pages of your useful Miscellany to obtain some information of a remedy, and in page 847, of vol. 9, I found an account of a remedy by burning the cartilage of the war. Since reading that” statement L —— xxi. 30. act 4 ie Pressing Seamen—Tooth Ache. 587 have made enquiry among my acquaine tance, and have met with two of them that have undergone that trifiing operas tion, they assured me they have not had the slightest affection of the teeth since, though it is more than twenty years ago. I should be much obliged if any of your intelligent correspondents would inform me, through the medium of your Maga. zine, whether they have tried the experi- ment? With what success, and who are the operators? The subject’may appear trifling to some of your readers, but it is not so to myself. I can neither obtain repose, enjoy the society of my friends, nor amuse myself with my library. At the request of a particular friend, [retura your correspondent Verax his grateful thanks for the valuable communication relative to the herb stramonium. My friend was attacked with all the dreadful varieties of the disorder, he endured, but not enjoyed, existence, and looked for- ward with pleasure for a termination to his worldly sufferings, he consulted the most eminent medical practitioners, and tried every remedy, but with no effect, ull reading in your Magazine the letter of Verax; since that time, existence, which was before a burthen, is rendered doubly delicious by a recoliection of his former sufferings. £.C. —— To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR, QO of your correspondents has pointed out several errata in a stereotype edition of Hume and Smol- lett’s History of England, and enquires if any of your numerous corresponds ents can inform him whether it is pose sible for so many errors to be committed in the stereotype mode of printing, In answer to lis enquiry, I beg leave to remark, that it appears very poss sible for errors to be committed, if we may judge from the specimens that have been given to the public, and even in books, which, of all others, ought cer- tainly to be printed with the greatest - accuracy, In the Cambridge stereotype edition of the New Testament, 12mo. Ihave met with the following errors; others may have possibly escaped my notice: Mark iv. 20. could for should Luke ii. 4 repetition of the word of. —— ix. 39. comma improperly placed after hardly, commmit for commit. omission of the word ye. 2 Cox. ——» XVI i 528 @ Cor. vii. 6. Gal. vi. at top. comforted for comforteth. liberal teachers for /iberad to teachers. rest for wrest. bare for dear, 2 Pet. iii. 16. 3 John v. 12. T have not had an opportunity of exami- ning any other stereotype editions of books, but a friend has pointed out to me an error in the Oxford stereotype New Testament, 8vo. Heb. vii. 21, where *¢ was an oath,” is stereotyped for “* with an oath.” ah , a To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. sIR 1 K 7 ILL any of your obliging musical correspondents inform me, though the medium of your excellent miscellany, who was the original inventor of that beautiful instrument the violin; which has for many years past attained its per- fection. _ As there are so many contradictory reports respecting its inventor and im- provements, I dare say many of your readers, who, like myself, are ignorant in this respect, will be equally thankful with me, in ascertainig its true origin, Greenwich. D. D,. Bacn. ‘ ———— *Ta the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR, Sa friend in Scotland, whose only son was bitten lately by a mad dog, is extremely anxious to procure the best recipes for preventing the hydrophobia, ‘and the dog-days are approaching, in which some of your readers may be in- terested in the matter, permit me to send you the following recipe, which I found hung in the parish church of Ley- ton, Essex, and which, with some others, T have transcribed and sent to my friend, For the bite of a mad dog.—Take the Jeaves of rue, picked from the stalks and Druised, six ounces; garlic, picked from the stalks and bruised; Venice treacle, or mithridate; and the scrapings of pewter; of each four ounces.’ Boil all these over a slow fire, in two quarts of strong ale, till one pint is consumed; then keep it in bottles, close stopped, and give of it nine spoonfuls to a inan or woman, warm, seven mornings together, fasting. This, if given within nine days after the biting of the dog, will prevent the hydrophobia. Apply some of the ingre- dients, from which the liquor was strained, to the bitten place. _ This receipt was, some years ago, Stereotype—Bite of Mad Dog. [July 4, taken out of Calthrop Church, Lincoln= shire, the whole town being bitten by 2 mad dog; and all that took this medi- cine did well, while all the rest died mad, In a P.§. itis added, many years ex- perience have proved that this is an ef+ fectual cure. James Hart. St. Martin's-lane. : aE To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. sIR, F the following observations, in ad- dition to what has already been ad- vanced, in answer to the Query respect- ing the Moon, which appeared in one of the late numbers of your respectable Ma- gazine, be worthy of a place therein,. will esteem myself honoured by the in= sertion. The inference drawn from the moon always presenting the same face to us ; that, her seas are thus restrained from rising to too great a.heiyht over the land. on the side next the primary; affords a pleasing illustration of the provident care of the greatcreator; butI have often thought that such illustratfons would make a more permanent lnpression upon the mind, if accompanied with an investi- gation of the causes or instruments whereby such effects are produced. Your correspondents take it for granted that there is water in the moon; but be-. sides the inequalities discovered in the darker parts of her disc, there are much stronger reasons for believing there is no water. The light of these obscute re-. gions, supposed to be water, varies aca, cording to the angle of illumination, the altitude of the sun above their horie zou; and when the moon is near her conjunction, they are not much less lu« minous than the other parts of her dise, which could never happen if they were covered with water; for when a fluid surface is not ruffled by the wind, the light of the sun, or rather the image of the sun, could not be seen unless, when the eye of the observer was in the ling of reflected rays. La Grange has shown, that while the lunar surface ought to be elevated at the equator ; yet the elevation is four times as great in the direction of the diameter ofthe equator, that is directed to the earth; in the same way as the wa ers of the earth are always of a spheroidal form, the axis of the spheroid being directed - towards the moon; and, as Laplace ob. serves,* “ we may easily conceive that . System of the World by Mr. Pond, p. 218, vol, 2, < =. SF the greater axis of the hoon deviates a@ little from the direction of the radius vector,” a line, “ which joins its centre with that of the earth, the terrestrial at- fraction will tend to bring it down to this radius; in the same manner as gra- ree a pendulum towards the ver- al.” _ The physical cause of the moon at all Zimes presenting the same face to the éarth, ay be inferred from what fol- ws. “Ifthe primitive motion of the Station of this satellite had been suffi- siently rapid to have overcome this ten- ine, the period of its rotation would t have been perfectly equal to that of its revolution, and the difference would have discovered to us successively every point in itssurface. But at their origin, the angular motions of rotation and revo- Tution having differed but little, the force by which the greater axis of the moon fended to deviate from the radius vector, “was not sufficient to evercome the ten- dency of this same axis towards the ra- dius due to the terrestrial gravity, which by this means has rendered their motions Tigorously equal.” The local advantages which will arise fo beings who may inhabit other worlds, om the operation of physical causes, are not likely to be known to usin this State of being; and, however laudable their investigation may be, I cannot but Tegret, that modern, or rather popular, Science seems more devoted to them, than in improving or communicating a Biiowledge of the causes which’ produce the phenomena of nature. It is piously fashionable to refer every phenomenon to the goodness of God, as if religion taught “as to be ashamed of looking through the medium of that causation which con- nects us and all nature with its benévo- Jent father. The word and work of the Almighty must go band in band, nor is it possibe, by degrading the study of his works, that dignity can be added to the Sentiments of rational beings. Hackney, Joun Jackson, May 3,181t. Philosophical Lecturer, a To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. STR, S the, knowledge of the following fact may be of some use, I will thank you to give it a place among the ‘miscellaneous articles which occupy the pres: of your widely extended and useful s fayazine. On opening one of the leaves of tera in which I Keep bees, age WTHKY Mac, No. 214, "Theory of Harmonics. 529 cording to the French method, for thé purpose of taking the honey withovt de« stroying the labourers, one of the inhas bitants resented the offence, by deeply infixing his sting just below my left ear. The pain was unusually severe, and ina few moments I felt my swallow greatly affected. Much alarmed, I hastened into the house to procure some sweet oil, with which to rub the part affected, In a little while I felt entire reef from the spasm which had alarmed me, and, in a quarter of an hour, or twenty mi- nutes, continuing the friction all -this time, was perfectly relieved from all pain, J. Bicneno, Newbury, May 15, 1311. For the Monthly Magazine. THEORY Of HARMONICS. Quid velit et possit Rerum Coucurdia Discorse Hor. HE analogy between musical sounds and coluurs, or, in other words, bes tween wudible and visual harmony, first discovered by Newton, appears to be perfect, f The natural audible chord is the third and fi/th, completed by the octave, or reduplication of the first more acute, or grave. The natural visual chord is the sam@ completed by its octave, or the same colour, more intense or weak. The four intermediate sounds and colours, form the intermediate degreeg of the musical and optical scale. These are the primary distinct. sounds and colours, of which all the rest are come pounded. A perfect white in colour, a perfect consonance in music. That they are concurds, seems to result from this, that they have the utmost distinctness and simplicity in the perception of thems an obvious, striking, interesting differs ence. They are consequently fit to lead. and support the whole system, their recognition being so easy and agreenblés Every primary sound contains its hare mony. It has been proved by expe riment, that every, primary ray is also resolvable into its harmonies, and cons tains the two others in subordinate propor. tion. Hence their rclation to each other, * and to the discords.. The discords are those sounds and colours which partake of the two concords which are contiguous on each side; as E the 2d to Dand F. G (the 4th of D) to F and Ay Orange to red and yellow, ~ Gieen to a} and blue. 1 530 The 4th of the key seems to have ana- * Jogous’ properties in visual and .audible harmony by its distinctness ; it bas mach more of the concord than of the discord, in its effect. Thus green softens, re- lieves, and unites, all the other colours. These tones of sound, or shades of eolour, give a perception which is less clear, simple, distinct, and easy; less - pure and homogeneous; and therefore less agreeable, if taken, not in series, but in single combination, . But then the concords of sound and -eolour, by their permanent diversily, would be harsh; or, to use a very signi- ficant French term, tranchant.* The gradations would be too violent to please for a continuance. The intermediate tones and semitones, tints and shades of tone, serve to unite ant to soften the gradation and transi- tion in both instances; though relative discords, individually take, they con- tribute in their general effect to the full and absolure harniony. y I am inclined to think that the theory of thé minor keys, and all the secondary results, both in painting and music, in the various combinations of sound and colour, so far as they are regular and pleasing, may be deduced from this one principle, the apt assemblage and co-or- dination of diversity and similarity, whence results that various uniformity Which’ in all things deliyhts. Contrast and approximation, light and shade, re- . lief and repose, the forte and the piano, Seem the elements of this stupendous and beautiful universe; whose harmony is perfected’ not less by its discordant, than its consonant, parts, Yet to this effect it is supposed, that the concords predominate. These are tlie grounds, the rest is incidental and auxiliary to their effect. Masters of painting and music, in theory. and in practice, may confirm and extend this idea: but [havea strong persuasion that itis a great and leading, er beautiful and sublime, truth, - For-the Monthly Magazine. -On the INVENTION Of the PIANO-FOR SE. I am very much obliged to your correspondent, Mr. Lydiatt, for his intelligence respecting the’ invention of the prano-rorTE, It. appears (Of there be no mistake) to be near half 2 century earlier-in its origin than I OO en ea ® Paice in his admirable Kasay on The PicTurrsque. Comét of 1807. had supposed: but, as this. important fact-had escaped the researches of Sic s Jobn Hawkins, Dr. Burney, and Dr. ~~ Busby; and as the instrument appears ta have been unknown to Rousseau, I can ouly infer that. its :progress, prior to. the year 1760, must have been, as happens, to many other valuable inventions, ver slow, for many years, from: the time of ita first discovery. It also seems, that, Zoumpe, as I conjectured, did introduc it to England about thé time which I supposed; though I was mistaken in supposing him to have been the original, inventor. It is possible, however, that he might change it from the harpsichord form, to the more convenient and hands some rectangular form which it how ge=_ nerally has. rc Having been indebted to this delights ful instrument for so much encrease ta the happiness of my life, and consolation of its cares, as I should in yain attempt tq express, whatever light can be .throwa on its history, cannot but greatly im- terest me, and I should think almost every other lover of music. I rejoices consequently, that so much appears ¢ be already ascertained; and that there is so goad a prospect of farther discovery, and communication. It is as different from the harpsichord, ay a female style of voval performance is from a male; and this ditlerence should be always observed in the composition or choice o music for either instrument and the manner of playing, otherwise their res spective advantages become relative dey fects. . ——. ta On the Comet. of 1807. “it Its very eccentric orbit being now so well ascertained, (its nodes lying so near to its perifielion,) and its peribelion distance appearing to have been caleu- lated bythe French astronomers with great exactness, to” which its ‘long “visibility and the extent of circle it d€scribed must have much contributed, “it is now not unimportant, at least it-may be cu- rious, to consider, what would have bees its appearance tu us if the Earth had leen in Libra or Scorpio, about the ume- of its passing from its perihelion, in is ascending node. The Earth would then have been on the same side of the sua with the comet; and its nearness would. have been as the difference of their re- spective distances from the sun nearly; consequently the Comet would have been _ about thirty-five millions of miles fro . 3 : IL the earth’s orbit ; instead of which it was actually the whole radius of the earth’s orbit, added to the comet’s distance from the sun, or about 163 millions of miles distant from us when nearest. ‘The dif- ference is nearly 42 to 1. * ‘ Bat its tread subtended an angle, in- ¢luding the diffused coma, of above 4. And, apparent diameters being inversely at the distances, its head would have ‘appeared eqaal to more than 16/, or abuve 4 the mean diameter of the moon, if the earth bad been on the side of her erbit nearest to the comet, Under the actual circumstances it was brighter than Jupiter, and perhaps equal to Arcturus. And, light being as the Squares of the distances, it might be ex- pected, had it been on the side nearest to us, that it would very far have ex+ ‘ceeded the brizhtness of Sirius, or any other heavenly body, except the sun. its train too, would then probably have appeared more than 20° in length, and of proportionate breadth; so that i¢ would probably have ‘been as_conspi- tous and beautiful an appearance, as that of the comet of 1743 is related to have been, ON ALFTERI. * I have obtained the translation of the Memoirs of Atrirerr, written by himself, 1 should be greatly obliged to any of your correspondents, who would jntorm me whether the original Italian - be procurable here in England. ‘It is that which I wanted, and have in vain sought. aye An Italian nobleman in those days, a true, ardent, and constant, lover of free. dom; a youth surrounded with ail the tcinptations of rank, fortune, and dissi- ‘pation, and personal advantages, edu- ‘cating himself; a Piedmontese writing the pure and illustrious Tuscan language, in such perfection, notwithstanding all its difficulties; a man who travelled so much, and was agitated by svch strong ‘passions, successfully commencing Greek iat the age of filty ; addiiig to Italy one of dlie last, and highest, and only wanting ef ther poetic palms, by his admirable and wWnrivalied Tragedies: master of dramatic Wietion, sentiment, character, incident, ‘aid at the same time of Grecian sim- plicity and severity in the fwble and zonduct of his drama; nobly and awe~ Fully’ pathetic, free, animated, sublime; Fivalling on the same subjects, and in some important respects excelling s- 66.7 Si es Plan of the improving the Piano- Forte. 531 chylus, Euripides, and Sophocles; the energetic inspirer of the most amiable and exalted passions and affections, as exemplified by Timoleon, and first and second Brutus; such, and more than such, is Alfieri! One must be dead to all ex- cellence of: imagination, intellect, and thought, to all power of numbers, sen- timent, and the purest and noblest energies of the drama, not to feel, after reading his immortal works, an énthusi« astic love and veneration for his name. eee Plan of extending the number of p1s- TING? souNDs. of the octave of thé RIANO-FORTE, wilhout PEDALS. My plan for improving the extent of the musical scale of the piano-farte, ° and other keyed instruments, and bring- ing it nearer to wind instruments, as the flure, &c. and to those which are played without ‘keys, though having strings or wires, by the bow ur immediate appli- cation of the finger to the string, us the violin, harp, &c. and to-diminish greatly the temperamrent, is very simple. It consists in this known principle: that the diameter of a-circle is to its Cir- cumference as 1 to 3 nearly, and, con sequently, the chord of the semicircle to the circumference as 2:3 or 1:13. : IT would therefore propose that the clavier, or finger-board, be made concave to the performer, and the keys disposed on a semicircle ; or rather an elliptic arch, ~ very nearly approaching to it. In «ois sequence of this, eighteen sounds, distinet- from each other, would be found on each ctave, instead of twelve, without increas, ‘sing the distance between the extreme keys; and, if the space on each side for the stops And air-chest were made equal, and the back of the frame and of the ssounding-board rounded off, that semi- circle would consequently be in the cen= tre of an elegantly cresceut-formed instru= ment, The keys would strike off at equal distances us radiifrem the centre : those which are now most remote, would be as near (and nearer) as those in the centre to the hand of the performer, -on riglit and left; and the centre would stil! be at a sufficiently convenient distance, not requirnig to recede at the centre more than eighteen inches, or about two feet, where there are the additional keys. The appearance in playing would, T think, be even more easy and graceful than at present. My reason for-lavin the additional shortkeyssomewhatlanger, ang ' 55% and a little below the level of the present, short keys, 1s to prevent collision or auk- wardness to the fingers when so many more short keys are added., IT do not think any material . inconvenience or difficulty could arise from this construc- tion, as to the disposition of the wires. And if not, [think it would, as far as it goes, be preferable topedals for the reasons assigned by Mr. L’'arey aud Mr. Merrick, Performed as I have been accustomed to hear it, any performer, or hearer, would ‘be content indeed with this most delightful instrument as itis. But that is no reason against any possible advan- tage to so exquisite and noble an instru- ment. And no one would te bound-to ‘use the additional keys employed for this purpose. That the same notes on the scale should be brought so much nearer to be in unison with other instruments, and with the voice, where unison is in- tended, does not seem to be an inconsi- derable object either for correctness or gratification. Ninety musical sounds instead of sixty-one the common com- pass, and so on in proportion where the extent Is greater, seem to me worth Eamiung, If, however, I have erred I am very willing to be corrected. I agree in the hint that semitone is not proper to express a short key, though used for the purpose cf scunding the Principalsemitones, Bat it is a common and convenient synecdoche, and deceives NO one; as we say on seeing a mile-stone there is another mile: using the certain sign for the thing itself signified. Any otherwise interval, is not proper; fur the Keys, or touches, G, A, B, D, G, are not intervals, but signs of termini, or in- Strumental limits, which command in- tervals in music; and between them are intervals definite and indefinite, re- ducible and irreducible, sensible and ‘insensible, to the human ear; but as marking the intervals between these de- terminate musical sounds, they have ac- “quired a name from that which they thus express, And thus ‘ Note” as the sign Yor symbol of a certain musical sound, is used without any danger of misleading, for the sound itself: and we say those are sweet notes ;+=that note is too sharp, ‘that too flat. I never imagined that without pedals T could practically introduce such an encreased extent of the scale of the sep- ‘tant, or septave, as should. make the Oigan, Harpsichord, or Piano, complete in this respect, and should save all tem- ‘ : 6 Plan of the improving the Piano-Forte. « [July ty perament. Bat I thought, and think,, it very desirable to introduce so many as should include all the most requisite 5 especially if this can be effected without dividing the short keys, which-are suffie ciently narrow, and without encreasing the distance trom the performer on the. extreme keys. ‘The difficulty arising from, the number of keys would be much less to be regarded in the present so highly improved system of fingering, A very young lady has done me the honour of saying, that she thought this difficulty would be soon overcome. 1), I have never had an opportunity o seeing any of the instruments mentioned, so as to examine the mechanism: though I have heard one of them, the Temple Organ, even when a child, with ex- ceeding delight, when I went with my father, and it was played by StanLEy. Iam always obliged when referred to so admirable a writer as Rousseau, The passage had not occurred to my res collection. With Dorn's and Mr. Max- well’s Tracts I am wholly unacquainted, Town I should much like the introduce tion of colour’d keys; both for distincs tion and convenience, if the short keys were much increased, and as illustrating to the eye the beautiful discovery of New tox, of the harmony and coincidence between the musical and audible scales between prismatic colours and musical’ sounds. Dr. Fran«vin had the rims of his glasses coloured on this principle, in his Harmonica. The Rev. Mr. Charles Smith knows my great respect and esteein for him, He will allow me to mention another as at least a convenient cause of the bass being the upper part in the ancient scale, contvary to what it is considered by us, It is known that their principal instru. ment, the lyre, had its grave strings to the right, and its acute to the left. A person of the name of Riiey, whe travelled for seventeen years with a - double octave of musical bells, on which he had taught himself to play, disposed the bass to his right and the treble to his left ; probably because the bass required, when he began the practice, a greater force of percussion than he could other- wise well manage; of which the right hand, as being most exercised, is most capable. He died about March, 1806, on the road in’ Glouééstershire, about 56 years old. He was’ the son of the parisheclerk of St. Mary, Cambridgei {Te was not unworthy of being thus tar remembered. He played with two sticks covered with cloth, not unlike te — 1311] to painting sticks. He has often given great pleasure here and elsewhere; es- pecially in playing the slower Scotch airs, He had two extra bells for the oceasional gharps or flats, in each octave. Traston, " Capen Lorrr, June 1, 1811. For the Monthly Magazine. ARCHWAY through NIGHGATE-HILL, .A, Sthis great public work és an object of much importance, it is hoped that a description of it will not be wholly devoid of interest; but it appears neces gary to preface it with a brief sketch of the present line of road, its inconves niences, and danger. ' Highgate is a populous hamlet, little more than 4% miles north of St. Paul’s, on a hill upwards of 450 feet above the level of the Thames. It stands in three pa- rishes, but principally in those of Horn- sey and St. Pancras. From the city through Islington and Holloway, and from the west end of the town through Kentish-town, pass two roads, which unite on the summit of this hill and form the great north road, leading through Barnet, &c. to all the northern parts of the king- dom. There are other roads over this hill, but they are of less importange and Jittle frequented. Formerly the only roads to Barnet were from Clerkenweil and Gray’s Inn Lane, through Maiden- Jane and Hornsey-lane ; and, after taking this circuit eastward round the hill, ran through Hornsey-park to Colney-Hatch, _&c. But, as Norden states, *“ this road, being very miry and deep in win- ter, it was agreed between the bishop of London ang the landholders in this part of the country, that a new one should be made by the former through the park at Highgate hill, and that he and his succes- ‘ gors should be authorised to collect a toll from all passengers.” This road passed through a high gate, from which this place is. supposed to have derived its name, and which wag taken down and the road widened at this spot, in 1769, (many years subsequent to the first form- ing this road) at the expence of the Aslington and Whetstone Trust, for the better accommodation of the public. ~ From the late surveys, which were made with great accuracy, it is proved that a carriage, travelling from Holloway over this hill, bas to,ascend 240 feet in less _than halfa mile, and on the Kentish town line, 244 feet, which ascent, for a consi- -derable distance, exceeds four inches in ee *: Archway through Highgate. 533 every yard. The number of carriages in this united road is very considerable, It is calculated that there are at Jeast one hundred public coaches and twenty wag- gons daily, and even these form a very small proportion of the aggregate, as the garniages of pleasure, of business, and of agriculture, are extremely numefous, Tt therefore became an object of seriaug consideration, as being une of so much ublic importance, that some plan should be devised, not only to remove the laboe rious task to which so great a number of valuable horses are daily subjected, but also to save the great loss of time, and reduce the number of thase serious accie dents which but too frequently occur, from the sudden rise and declivity of the present line of road*. Various plans ag, different times have been suggested, but the first ever submitted to parliament was in 1809. The projector, Mr. Roe bert Vazie, engineer, proposed that there should be an archway formed, twenty four feet wide and eighteen feet high, through the hill. The first, or east, branch, to commence at the verge of the hill on the Holloway road, and from thence pass in a northern direction to a vale in the centre of the line, where there was to have been constructed @ large shaft or central opening, the arch- way was then to have extended from this spot to the Barnet-road, near a brook below the fifth mile-stone from London. In order that passengers travelling from the west end of the town might also be accommodated, another branch was to have been constructed, from Kentishe town to the central opening. Each of these archways, from one side of the hill to the other, would have been 880 yards, or half a mile in lergth. A great oppoe sition was maile to this plan by the inhae bitants of Highgate, and on the third reading of the bill it was lost by a majoe rity of forty to thirty-nine. The followe ing year (1810) Mr, Vazie submitted-to parliament bis second plan, which is now executing, and already in a considerable state of forwardness. The objections which were made to the former being now removed, by altering the line of the road to ‘he east side of the hill, “which Le * The writer of this article, during the last three years, has had under his care, twe persons with compound fractures of the legs, who suffered amputation ; two simple frac tures; a boy who had lately his skull frace tured, and died a few hours after; besides a variety of contusions, &c. from the fatling of horses and oversetting of carriages. © ~° ai reduces ¢ 354 getitices the length of the archway sd Puch, that it will not exceed 300 yards, ‘Rit whiere, from the diversity of the scene- “~~ and extensive views, the beauty of ie line will be exceedingly great, has Hiready produted the effect of reconeiling the tninds of those who so violently op- osed its The entratice to this road from Filton is immediately at the foot of the bill in Upper Holloway, Tt com: Hiences by a deep curcing on the right of ‘the present line of road, which is conti- fiued, encreasing in depth, until it feaches the intended archway, a distance of 550 yatds, where tlie vertical heizht of the “surface above the line of the road is up- ®ards of sixty feet. This open cutting is ‘wearly completed, the slopes on eath side 6f the foad ate cultivated and fenced with osier, holly, and hawthorn, and pre- sent a pleasing entrance to this greatwork, ‘The archway is not yet completed: but, fs an auxiliary, however, a drift has bech cut, (an upening 44 feet wide and # feet hivh) through this wing of the hil}, by which means the favourable qua- dity of the earth has been ascertained. iis drift was executed by sinking per- penticularly three shafts or wells, from the surface to the level of the intended foad, at the distance of one hundred $ardls apart, and from the bottom of each “a direct line was formed to the extre- tulties of the hill. From the information i fave been able to procure, it appears that the arch will be the segment of an tllipsis, having its longer axis vertical fwetity-eight feet, and its shorter axis horizontal twenty-four feet, the under part of the arcli being drawn to a radius OF twenty-six Teet. The space for car- rineés and foot passengers to pass each Other, will be twenty-four feet in width, nd twenty feet in height. The sur ‘founding earth will be supported by brick @nd° iron work so firmly cemented, @s td become one solid mass. The ©breadth of the arch is considered am- ply sufficient vo admit the passing and repacsing of the largest earriages, and yet to allow a Yuot-path on each side. It is othe intention of: the promoters of- this whdertaking, to shorten theareh as much es the nature of the surrounding earth wejif” permit; and it is new confidently stated, that the length of the archway “will not exceed three humwdred yards. The remainder of the line, to the north of ihe archway, is in a considerable state of forwardnéss. Jt.is formed by deep euttings. throwgh whe! east and nortn wings of the hill, tae earth being depo- Arciway through Highgate. ‘in forming the archway. _—s Ss [yuly 1, sited in the adjacent -vales, and thus aw easy regular ascent is preserved the whole length of the line, which will be one mile and an half. This work, ale though it did not commence till July last, is 4 4 state to create confidénce, that in less than twelve months the pub lic will be accommodated, . To rendér this design complete, there has been procured during this session, an Act to enable a direct line of road to be formed from the Assembly House, at Kentish= town, to the archway, This great une dertaking, for want of being sutliciently understood, was in its infancy ranked among some of thuse-ephemeral schemes never to be executed. But the prompt- ness and ability with which this work has hitherto been conducted, will in the lie beral and enlightened mind be an object of much consideration, and is highly ho- nourabie to those engaged init. To the. experimental arts, and experimental philosophy, the greatness of a nation owes much; and almost all our publié, works hold out a field, not only for dis. playing, but frequenuy an opportunity of Improving,» practically these important scrences; and hence, by such enters prizes, lasting national monuments: are raised of our strength in intellect and industry, The naturalist and geologist have, in the excavations made in these works, much to engave their attention, as the fossils are numerous and inter. esting. It would exceed the limits of this article to enter into a minute de. scription of them, «I shall therefore only enumerate a few of the most striking, The hill is composed: of alluvial earth, and different strata of clay. The stra. tum of brown clay is interspersed with | finely crystallized selenite, or gypsum, and the common argillaceous iron stone of Kirwan, or Septania,- formerly knowa by the name of Ludus Helmontin. These stones, when barnt, form a cement, well known by the name of Parker's cemeify and will prove a considerable acquisition In the blue stratum these stones are also very aburi= dant, brilliantly studded with pyrites, and often contain a variety of small shellse . The septa of these fossils, ia. both strata, are composed of calcareous spar, or finely crystallized carbonate of june, having a beautitul velvet appear. ance, of various hues. flere also ane found some fossil teeth, commonly called _ shark’s teeth, -Sometimes> swordfishes _ teeth, but onlike either; petrified fish, fruic er nuts, mere resembing the pals ‘ nut, | y) f - ‘considerable quantities. €mits, when rubbed, aepeculiar odour, - - administered for ages in the East. at Lad - 1811.) —- Electrieal Sparks emitted by Flowers. mut, and a great variety of shells. The nautili are generally larger than .those usually found in the fossil state. Petri. fied wood is very abundant, much per- forated by the teredo; these perforations are lined with calcareous spar. A pe- culiar resinous substance, not yet de- serihed in any of our works, is duy up in This substance similar to that of amber, it is slightly electric, insoluble in water, soluble in alkohol, spirit of turpentine, and ether ; nitrous acid, having a similar,eflect upon it as on other resins. That found nearest the surface is partially decomposed, ex- tremely porous and earthy, filled fre- quently with pyrites;—that deeper is more transparent and emits a stronger odour, Highgate. James GILtMan, Zo the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. peas OW often has it not been remarked, H that there is nothing new under the sun; the most brilliant and famed dis- coveries having been made long before the time of those who reap the glory of their invention. This remark forcibly struck me in stumbling upow a passage the other day ip Hasselquist’s Travels in the Levant, from which it appears that the remedy, lately introduced into the Materia Me- dica, with such success for the tapes worm, orat least one analazous, has been He tells us (page 388,) that, at Cairo, petro- leum was given as a‘ certain specific against this insect, and the aflinity of this fo ojl of turpentine I need not point out, ° Peer of the Monthly Magazine. Rojo -T was remarked by a daughter of Lin. neus, that the flowers of the nastur- tium (lropaolummujus.) emitted sponta- neously sparks like those of electricy, _ visible only in the dusk of the evening, T do not know whether any ‘one has observed that the oriental poppy (pa- pover orientale) exhibits the same phe- “pomenon in a very remarkable manner, Walking in my garden tue other evening with a friend, we were both struck with this appegrance at the same instant,’ tie sparks (or flashes rather) were very bril- Aant.and, in quick succession, the petals at the same time closing frequently with susde jerke, The flashes proceeded eny ae 4 * ’ we 535. tirely from the inside-of the fowers, ang. wheu they were closed, ceased; the day had been very hot and showery, with much distant thurder, the sun was juss set, the evening calm, and the dew tulle ing. IL mention these Circuimmtanges, as. I have been frequently. on the watch since for the same appearances in a different state of the weather, withaug success. y Tt is observed by Dr, Smith in the 8th volume of Sowervy’s English Botany, that the scarlet pimpernel Canagal/s arvensis) from opening only in fing weas_ ther and closing infallibly against Tali}, , has been called the poor man’s weather _ glass, I wish to bear testimony to the extraordinary fidelity ‘of this little mas nitor, and strougly to recommend it tg. the attention of haymakers and others interested, it being a very common weed. in all cultivated land, and flowering plene tifully aj] summer long, te : Oue trifle more, if your room and patie, ence will admit, and I have dene. The, roots of the ornathogalum umbellatury - are said (I think in the same work) to be ; good eating when boiled. Query, ag what titne of the year?—Certajnly not in’ June, é Ab Ryton, June 18, 1811, a ~ To the Editor of the Monthly Mugazing, SIR, : : ishathle Oe ET the light of reason acquaing. your Reverend Correspoydent, (page 403,) and his R, R. Bishop, thag. Cicero and Cxsar impose no penalties. for infidelity, nor is it of any alleged . conseguence who wrote their professed, | their matchless, works, The arguinent, therefore, is worse than childish! | They know very well that such testis mony as they, affect to call good on this subject, would not convict any man of a petty larceny, or be received in-deciding - on the slightest question in any court of law. ALPHA-OMEGA, To the Editor of the Monthly Magazines SIR, 9 ' HE object of your correspondent who has proposed a magnetjca} query in the last number, is, I CONCEIVE, to produce a’ perpetual motion, The experiment would nat succeed because the descent of the iron pendulum would” be as much retarded by the attraction of the negrest magnet, as its ascent was accelerated by the same force, ‘The two magnets would render the gscillations of wreater ous greater extent, but, in all other respects, would be totally inactive. B. Chichester, May 21, 1811. te To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. SIR , KNOW of few of the minor desi- derata of medicine more important than that of some mode of increasing the breed, and consequently decreasing the price, of that useful animal the leech, How shocking must it be to the relations of a poor man to be told, that his case requires the application of perhaps a dozen leeches, when, if to be had at all, he is forced to pay for them three or foar shillings a piece; (their present price in most great towns.) And, if the late rage for draining proceeds, itis clear that even the rich will be unable to procure them, at any rate, as the race will soon be extinct. What we want to know is, first, how the great mortality amongst them, after being caught, may be prevented; and secondly, how they may be artificially bred. That much of the destruction amongstt hem is caused by injudicious practices, I have little doubt. I have now, in iny possession, two individuals of this tribe, which I have had for at least two years, and they are as healthy as at first. In this time they may have been applied to the process of phlebotomy half a dozen times, at distant intervals, They were made to. disgorge the blood taken in, by the application of salt, then well washed, and returned to their abode, @ capacious glass jar, half filled with spring water, and containing a little moss. The water has been changed once or twice every two or three months, certainly not oftener. But, as it will be in vain to expect any great saving in the consumption of leeches, attention should be chiefly given to some mode of propagating them in considerable numbers, which there ean be no reason to doubt is practicable, All that wants ascertaining is, such par- ticulars respecting their natural history as can direct us into the right path. It seems pretty clear, that, though they will live for years in pure water, they will not increase in it either in size or number. Something essential to them then is fur- nished by their native marshes. What this is, requires to be determined, and the ex~- periment may be easily made by any one living in the neighbourhood of the places where they are fuund, Let three or four pair of the two sexes be introduced along Breeding Leeches in Ponds. a) = = oe ~ [July 15 with a ‘portion of the water and mud which they inhabit, into a capacious glass vessel. When the annual increase, of which they are susceptible, was ascers tained, the practicability of breeding them to profit would be determined. Judging from the general prolificy of their tribe, we might conjecture, their broods of young would be nymerous, and” soon attain maturity. If this proves to be the case, I see no reason why they might not be propagated in any numbers, as easily as silk-worms. Probably one reason of their small increase in marshes, is the destruction made by other animals that prey upon them, and a want of sufficient food. Iftherefore a pond were stocked with them, from which their enemies were excluded, and into which plenty of food was introduced, we might perhaps find them multiply with rapidity. But to ascertain these points, we must” know all the circumstances of their na-« tural history, their mode of propagation, number of young, food, the enemies that attack them, &c. &c. These being known, I have great hopes that it might be as easy to breed these invaluable insects, as poultry; and that the cottager would find ita more profitable employ- ment, cannot be doubted. - ‘ I conclude this hasty scrawl with two observations, 1, That any of your cor- respondents who can point out where the natural history of this animal is to be’ found detailed, will confer a great be- nefit on the public by doing so. The other: that if no such detail exists, the Society of Artscould not offer a premiura more called forg than thirty or forty guineas for the institution of the neces. sary experiments, ey S, June 12, 1811. ——— - For the Monthly Magazine. JOURNAL of @ recent voyaGE lo Capiz, Cadiz, Feb. 1809. FTER a fatiguing ride of two days; E am again arrived here. I left Gib- raltar on Thursday, in company with two English friends, and re-crossed in the passage-boat to Algeciras. Before we could land, we were obliged to submit our passports to examination, and our trunks were carried to an office, from whence they were soon festored, on payment of a few rials, There happened to be some Spanish women in the boat with us, one of whom shewed_us with @ sort of pride the ‘‘New Testament im © Spanish,” which had been given to hen at ain i and was one of those which —' 1811.] are circulated by the Bible Society in London, which I dare say you have heard of: she seemed to be much please ed with the possession of it. We talked of religion and politics, and one of her companions expressed herself vehemently against the French, and, in the name of her sex, said, that “if the Patriot Army should want assistance, the women of Algesiras would join them.” Our first attention after we got to an inn, was to procure mules for our journey ; we had some difficulty in mak- ing our bargain, and at lJast agreed to “give about a dollar a league from Alge- siras to Cadiz, a distance of about sixty to seventy miles, besides finding wine and provisions for the muleteer. As it was almost dark before we landed, we could not see much of the town; we ascended an exceedingly steep hill from the water side, which led into a spacious square, in the centre of which . isa large marble fountain, the corners being ornamented with sculpture. ‘The houses are white-limed, and large, but poor looking, and very few of the inha- bitants were to be seen: we were freely accosted by numbers of the female sex, _ who paraded in groups about the inn; and it was the first time I ever saw any of them admitted to such a: place. _ I understand however that the prac- tice is common in Spain, and that the frail-ones unhesitatingly enter the coffee-houses, éc.. and take refresh- ments. Curiosity led us into a_bil- diard-room, where some of the meanest- woking fellows were engaged in play ; but their appearance, and the stench of tobacco, oil, &c. was too forbid- ding for us to remain long among them ; indeed we scarcely saw a, well- aressed person in the place, and. we heard many complaints of the want of trade, and of the suffering of the town, since the Spanish troops, who used to be quartered here, were gone off, and so many men had been drafted into the army: the place, they said, was nearly deserted, + aaah I slept comfortably on a straw mattress and trussel bedstead until break of day, when our muleteer awoke us, and, after a refreshment of a cup of good coffee, we got on our steeds, laughing at each other to see how We were mounted. About a mile from the town we cross- ed a river, where a great number of females, with their garinents neatly tucked up around them, were standing in the midst of the water washing linen, . Mowzury Mac, No. 214. . * Journal of a recent Voyage to Cadiz. 537. which is an operation performed by beating the clothes on a flat stone while iminersed in the stream. Not far from hence we passed bes= neath an aqueduct’ of about three hun- dred yards in length, of no great height or width; it appeared to be very old, but without any remarkable beauty in the structure, The present system of engi- neering would have conveyed this water froin one hill to the other with much less trouble and expence than by erecting such an aqueduct. The ruggedness of our forbidding road now commenced, over hillocks, water- channels, and. fragments of rock, each of us making the best of his own way, our miuleteer leading the van. We soon be- gan to ascend the mountains, the mules and horses scrambling along the acclivi- ties, among the olive, the cork, and the ever-green oak; sometimes our advance was facilitated by getting into a gulley, which time and the rains had formed into a deep path, but so narrow that we could anly follow each other singly, while our feet-were now and then wrenched by hitching in the projecting parts of rock. Such tracts as these are called ‘“ Passes,” and ‘it is vain to seek for a better road where none could be found, it was pera fectly an “ Hobson’s choice ;” for, if any person mounted had been on the descent while we were getting up, cne party or the other must have made a retreat, as it would -have been impossible for a dog to find space to pass us. On gaining the summit we were enve= loped in rain, and we felt it very cold. Our descent was not more agreeable to our terrified feelings than we had before experienced: the mules would now and then slide over and between the protu- -berances of the rock, on the edge of a precipice, overhanging a romantic valley, adorned with a variety of ever-greens, heaths, broom, &c. while the sides were fringed — with _periwinkles, jonquilsy heaths, &c. in abundance; they are also covered with quantities of a lichen, which in England is valuable, and is im- ported from the north of Europe for the purposes of commerce, We at length got into a plain about a league distant from Algeciras, and found, by mere means than one, that we had been riding upwards of three hours. It was now time to have recourse to our alforjas. (bags containing provisions) which it is necessary for every one wha travels in. Spain, to provide himself with previous to beginning a journey, or he 3Z will 438 will get very little food, if any, on the road, It is requisite also to take wine, and this is carried in a leathern bottle, having a wooden stopper, which forms likewise the cup to drink from, the liquor being brought to the lips in a sort of Stream by raising and pressing the bag. The convenience of a glass for each per- son in these cases is not thought of, and you have only to ‘‘ wipe the cup and pass it to the rest.” We tied our males to the branches of some cork trees, and sat on the green turf by the side of a pur- ling stream, enjoying our fare in the true Quixotic style. ’ We re-mounted our mules as soon as possible, and continued to ford rivers, ride through vallies, swamps, and woody uneven country, for three leagues, no part of which appeared to be cultivated. It was now about noon, and we’rested at a wretched hovel, called a “ Venta,” for the purpose of feeding our mules and again refreshing ourselves. We had passed what was termed an inn, but it tooked more like an English barn than a lace for the accommodation of travellers. Went it was a wooden crucifix of uncouth workmanship, intended to mark the spot where a murder had been perpetrated; around it were a number of stones, thrown there by pious passengers who had offered up their prayers for the soul of the deceased :'this is always the custom en such occasions. The solitary dwelling where we now rested, was even worse, in outward ap- pearance, than the former, It was built entirely with mad, covered with branches of trees and straw; at one end was a di- vision for the mules, at the other, closetoa door, an inclosure with rails about six feet square, which appeared to be the sleeping apartment, as we saw something like amat- tress laying there. In the centre was a fire-piace, formed by a circle of stones, the smoke from which issued either at the door or through a small aperture in the wall, which served, with the door- way, to admit the only light into this habitation.. The hardened earth was the floor, a block of wood served for a seat, and our table was like a stool which flax spinners sit on, not quite so high as the knees. A knife, fork, or plate, were things out of the question, but we had one glass tumbler to drink from, and a pitcher in one corner of the place contained water, the only liquid’ refreshment they could give us. There was no second floor to the house, atid we saw no one belonging to the inn but a mizerable-look. Journal of a recent Voyage to Cadiz. [July 4, ing man, and a woman, whom we had a difficulty to prevail on to receive any ~ money for our accommodation, because we were “ Capitans Ingleses,” ** Euglish- men.” We were joined here by a Spanish messenger with dispatches from Malaga, to the governor ofthe Isla. Herode up in a gold lace blue uniform, with a huge fel- low behind hun on the same mule, and presently began to have some sausages fried; and here we were obliged to sub- mit to the fumes of this delicacy, par- ~ taking of garlick and oil in its flavor, amid the smoke of chaff and the suffocation of charcoal. It would have been a breach of good manners to have quitted him, ‘or refused his solicitation to drink with him out of his cup, which, as-is cus- tomary, he pressed on us, requesting our company the remaining part of our journey. We had now about four leagues far- ther to Vegel, where we were to rest at night, and on our way thither we met some English travellers, with their guide, who were as bespattered with dirt as aurselves, and complained sadly of the country they had passed, which was not a very consoling intimation to us. Our route was, however, considerably im- proved, as we had no mountains to as- cend, and the plains exhibited some signs of cultivation. We saw large herds of cattle and some tillage-land. ‘The corn was just springing up; but as there was no division for a road, we could not avoid trampling on it. The cattle graze in herds, and are constantly at- tended by a certain number of men to prevent their straying into the thickets ; to each bullock is attached a bell, whose sound is intended to denote where he is, in case he should be missing. We saw large flocks of wild-ducks and turkeys, and for the last league were saluted by the hoarse croaking of innumerable, quantities of frogs which inhabit the marshes. We saw also a number of mares, in droves, which are kept solely for the purpose of breeding mules, as they are never put into the harness in Spain. They now and: then occasioned a display of horsemanship, by one of our companions, who was weil mounted on a gay Andalusian horse. The frequent restive disposition of the animal caused him much inconvenience, which was increased by the form of the Spanish saddle, which is not at all adapted for ease, but only for use; the pommel not ‘being low and rounded off like our’s, but “Hsing, ~‘and some brandy for supper. 1811.J rising with a peak, sixor eight inches; which, on a trot, ora descent, is apt to ‘strike the body in no very pleasant man- ner; on the hind part of the saddle is a slanting projection to suit the position of the thigh, and somewhat to: wedge the rider into a seat where he is more or less confined. The motion ofriding naturally €auses unusual fatigue, from this con- Struction, to those who are not accus- tomed to such saddles; but the Spaniard cannot be prevailed on to adopt a more commodious fashion. It had been dark an hour before we arrived in the town, and we found that we had not rode three miles an hour during the day; but considering that much, rain had lately fallen, we were fortutiate to get on as we did; the rivers having swelled considerably, which obliged us often to traverse the banks to find a fordable passage. We entered the town by a bridge, but it was so dark that we could not see it, and we trusted to our mules to discover the way over fragments of rock that lay by the side of the river. At the inn we were soon visited by an old officer, who came.to examine our passports and luggage; he gladly accepted a few rials, a segar, and a bumper of our wine. The room pro- vided for our accommodation was about eight feet square, without a window, a table or chair; we were furnished with a Jamp, and we converted our port- manteaus into a table and seats; and were fortunate to get a few boiled eggs In- this * room we slept on straw mattresses, spread on the brick-floor, and covered ourselves with our cleaks, while the muskitoes and fleas tormented us in our slumbers, until an hour before sun-rise, when the mu- leteer announced the.time for departure. Tt was a star-light morning; the frogs Ahad not ceased their croaking, and the old officer renewed his visit. We sat off, dark as it was, and gave the reins to the steeds who scrambled instinctively over a path on the side of a hill, which none of -us could discern. Soon after day-light we saw a building where an aqueduct worked several grist- mills, that were built over each other ; the fall of water being conveyed froin the upper one to the lower, with some in- ~genuity in the contrivance. The country now became more cul- ‘tivated than the part passed on the pre- ceding day; but we had no other beaten road than sheep-walks, amid the heatb, ‘the broom, and other shrubs, which Journal of a recent Voyage to Cadiz. 539 abound on the plains, On descending the high land near the mountains. of Conil, which, is on the coast, our muleteer missed his direction, and we got within hearing of the sea; we were indebted ta a poor-looking-fellow who was watching some goats, for correcting this inistake, and were obliged to dismount in order to descend with safety; our mules and ours selves getting down the precipice as well as we could, We presently had a view of Chiclana, and of Medina Sidonia; the latter is a considerable town, but we did not pass through it; and the territory around, it belongs to a duke of that name, who is also the Marquis of Villa Franca. His estates are among those doomed to con- , fiscation by Buonaparte; and the Junta have represented this nobleman, as “among those who have the most con- tributed to the just cause of their beloved Ferdinand ; for since the beginning of the present revolution, he has given the sun of fifty thousand rials monthly, (upwards of six hundred pounds: sterling,) to the support of the armies.” On this estate are extensive plantations of the pine, which do not however grow to much perfection, as they are cultivated chiefly for the purpose of making char- coal; we saw a number of men engaged in this occupation, and I observed that the trees are not rooted up; but a stump is left about a foot and a half from the .ground, from which project shoots that are left to grow, until they are large enough for the same use as the old tree. I mentioned Chiclana to you in a former letter; and having passed it, as also the flying-bridge, we arrived at the Isla de Leon, and were detained at the barrier a considerable time, while we were examined by a priest, and other persons, who endorsed our passports, which cost each of us about one shilling. On getting into the town we were again examined, but with more politeness, and we met with no farther interruption until the same ceremony was required at the barrier here, where we arrived early in the afternoon, As akinv’s messenger is about to dee part in aday or two for England, I shall send this by him, and T intend to take my passage home by the next packet. I shall therefore conclude this last letter with an extract by way of summary, frou: Padre Du Chesne’s Compendio of the History of this Country, which you will probably say is the exaggerated de scription of an enthusiastic author. “This 540 This beautiful part of Europe is separated from France by an extended chain of inaccessible mountains, and sur- rounded by the ocean on all sides. It owes to nature this doubie wall of water aud Jand; a strong defence against the covetous irruption of foreign nations. Spain, happy and rich in itself, nei- ther envies nor desires the aid of other countries. ‘Its situation is in a temperate climate, and its fields are beautifully fertilized. Divided. into mountains, valleys, and extensive plains, it appears to be thus distributed, in order to vary its productions. Watered by Memoirs of the late Richard Cumberland, esq. [July 1, mighty rivers, and many lesser ones they soften labour, enrich the soil, and correspond to the wishes of its inhabi- tants, providing them with abundance of necessaries. Neither the finest grain, the richest vines, nor the most delicate fruits are scarce ; establish reciprocal society, or the com- munication between the provinces, what« ever is wanting in one, is happily sup- plied by the other, The air is generally healthy, and breathed under a sky at most times serene and pure ; and disorders are seldom known in‘Spain unless they arise from excess.” MEMOIRS AND REMAINS OF EMINENT PERSONS, Sa meEMoIRS of the tiFE of RICHARD CUMBERLAND, Esa. B.A. of cam- prince, L.L.D. of the uNtveRsiTy of puBLin, &c. &c. &c. T is no Jess true than melancholy, that the harvest of literature is rather se- ductive than profitable, and that the lives of men of letters generally exbibit either a sad series of great disasters, or an ill- omened catalogue of petty evils. Every other profession repays most of its vota- ries with bread, if not with affluence. All the liberal, and not a few even of the mechanical arts, hold out a prospect of successful exertion and advantageous in- dustry, The pursuits of divinity, law, and physic, enable multitudes not only to pass away their time in the sun-shine of prosperity, but also afford sufficient wealth to lay the foundations of family greatness, and either procure or trans- mit riches and honours on the part of themselves or posterity. But it is far otherwise with literature. Not to men- tion the fate of many ancient poets and philosophers, it cannot be recollected without emotion, that Dryden lived in indigence, and that Otway died in want, Advancing nearer to our own times, it must not be forgotton, that the earlier part of Johnson’s progress was spent in poverty, while the Jatter portion of Mur- phy’s did not remain unvisited by do- mestic calamities. It is melancholy also ‘to reflect, that the name of the indivi- dual, who is the subject of the present article, will perhaps be added hereafter ‘to the list of those who have deserved well of their country, without sharing its favours; that ‘he has contributed to, ‘amuse, enlighten, and instruct the age in whieh he lived, without any adequate remuneration ; and that he is one of those whose fate ought to reflect a blush on the cheeks of theircontemporaries. While treating of the life of Mr. Cum- berland, it happens luckily for his biogra- phers, that they cannot justly complain of penury, in respect to materials: it is selection rather than abundance that is wanting. He passed upwards of half a century in public life, while his conversa- tion and person were familiar to many hundreds of those who passed the spring season at Tunbridge Wells, or spent the winter in the metropolis. For many years his merits were annually discussed by the public, either as a writer of a play, a novel, or a farce; he was known and distinguished as a man of taste;-the ear- lier portionofhis existence called forth and exhibited all the stores of profound liter- ature; during the latter, he attempted to excel in the more difficult station of a critic, and either in one shape or another, his name was constantly in the mouths of all those who possessed or affected a knowledge of the classical pursuits of the present age. Nor was he himself for- getful of his own fame. His life and adventures are consigned to posterity, in memoirs written by bis own pen, and he will live long in the memory of his friends and his family, who, although perhaps not best able on account of their par- tiality to estimate his merits, are assuredly the most competent judges of his private virtues, his domestic habits, and his so« cial converse. Richard Cumberland was born on the 5th of February, O.S. 1752. He origi- nally sprung from a citizen of ape an and the better -to | 1 1811.} and to adopt his own language, he was *« descended from ancestors illustrious for their piety, benevolence, and erudi- tion.” Dr. Richard Cumberland, con- secrated bishop of Peterborough in 1691, was his great grandfather. ‘This learned clergyman is the author of a very adini- rable work, “* De Legibus Nature,” in which, he has bestowed much pains to refute the doctrines of Hobbes. He had been a simple parish-priest in the town of ‘Stamford, in Taitcalachire: and so little was he disposed to intrigue for advance- ment, that he received the first intelli- gence of his preferment by means of a paragraph in the newspapers, at a period when he was sixty years of age, and ina disposition of mind that induced him ra- ther to shrink from, than to accept of, a mitre. He was at length induced to episcopate by the persuasion of his friend, the celebrated Sir Orlando Bridgman: but he afterwards resisted every offer of _ @ translation; and such was the virtuous simplicity of his life, that on the settle- ment of his accounts, at the end of every year, he distributed the surplus to the poor, reserving only the small deposit of twenty-five) pounds in cash, found at his death in his bureau, with directions to _ employ it for his funeral expences, a sum, in his mode of calculation, fully sufficient to commit his body to the earth. Such was the humility of this christian prelate, and such his disinterested sentiments, as to the appropriation of his clerical _ revenue! | Doctor Richard Bentley, the maternal grandfather of the subject of this memoir, was also a remarkable man, being the first critic of his age, and not only the friend of Meade, Wallis, and Newton, but celebrated by Swift in his “ Battle of the Books,” on account of his controver- sial intrepidity. Denison Cumberland, the younger son of Archdeacon Cumber- land, was his father, and Joanna, the younger daughter of Dr. Bentley, and the Pheebe of Byron’s Pastoral, his mo- ther. Their only son, Richard, was born in the Master’s Lodge of Trinity College, “inter sylvas Academi,” under the root of his grandfather Bentley, alluded to above, "in what is called the “ Judge’s Chamber.” During his infancy, be persisted in a stubborn repugnance to all instruction, god remained for a long time in a state of mutiny against the letters of the En- glish alphabet!» When turned of six ears of age, he was sent to the school of os St, Edmunds, and remained for a ay Menvirs of the late Richard Cumberiand, esq. 541 considerable period there, under the tuition of the Rev. Arthur’ Kinsman who formed his pupils on the system of Westminster, and was a Trinity College man. This worthy master first raised the spirit of emulation in his bosom, by reprimanding him for his ignorance and inattention, in the presence of all the boys; and his diligence heing as usual fol. lowed by success, success in its turn encouraged him to fresh exertions, Af- ter this, he rose rapidly to the head of his class, and never once lost that envied situation, although daily challenved by those, who aspired to the chief place Bishop Warren, and Dr. Warren his brother, were two ofthe most formidable of his form-fellows. About this period, young Cumberland first displayed a practical taste for the drama, by acting the part of Juba,- while the virtuous Marcia « towered above her sex” in the person of a most ill-favoured wry-necked boy. Nearly at the same time he began to form both his ear and his taste for poetry, by reading, during every evening to his mother. while at home, at the parsonage house of Stanwick, near Higham-Ferrars, in Nor- thamptonshire, Shakespeare, at this period, was his favourite author, and he soon after resolved to try his own strength in slight dramatic attempts. His first composition was a Cento, which he entitled, “Shakespeare in the Shades,” and was produced when only twelve years of age. As his worthy old master at Bury school had intimated his purpose of re- tiring, the elder Mr. Cumberland trans planted his son to Westminster, where he was admitted under Dr. Nichols, and lodged in Ludford’s boarding-house, On reading a passage in Homer, and another in Horace, he was immediately placed iu the shell, which was no small honour; and among his contemporaries reckoned Cracherode, the learned collector, the Jate Earls of Bristol and Buckinzham. shire; the Right Honourable Thomas Harley, whosaton the same form: while the Duke of Richmond, Warren Has- tings, Colman and Lloyd, were in the under school, together witht Hincheliffe Smith, and Vincent, who have succeeded in rotation as head masters. In the fourteenth year of his age, young Cumberland left Westminster school, and was admitted a member of Trinity Col- lege, Cambridge. His father accompa- nied him thither, and placed him under the 549 the care of the Rev. Dr. Morgan, an old friend of the family, and a senior fellow of that society. “ My rooms,” says Mr. Cumberland,” were closely adjoining to his, belonging to that stair-case which leads to the chapel bell; be was kind to me when we met, but as a tutor | had few commu- nications with him, for the gout afforded him not many intervals of ease, and with the exception of a few trifling readings in Tully’s Offices, by which I was. little edified, and to which I paid litle or no attention, he left meand one other pupil, my friend and intimate, Mr. Walliam Rudd, of Durham, to choose and. pur- sue our studies as we saw fit. This de- reliction of us was inexcusable; for Rudd was a youth of fine talents, and a well- grounded scholar. In the course of no long time, however, Dr. Morgan left college, and went to reside upon his living of Gainford, im the bishopric of Durham, and T was turned over to the Reverend Dr, Philip Young, professor of oratory in the University, and afterwards bishop of Norwich, What Morgan made a very light concern, Young made an absolute sinecure, for from him EF never received a single lecture, and L hope his lordship’s conscience was not much dis- turbed on my account, for though he gave me free leave to be idle, | did not make idleness my choice. “In the last year of my being an un- der-graduate, when L commenced Soph, in the very first act that was given out to be kept in the mathematical schools, I was appointed to an opponency, when at the same time I had not read a single proposition in Euclid; I had now been jest turned over to Mr. Backhouse, the Westminster tutor, who gave regular Jectures, and fulfilled the duties of his charge ably and conscientiously. To- tally unprepared to answer the call now made ppon me, and acquit myself in the schools, I resorted to him in my distress, and through his interference my name was withdrawn from the act; in the mean time, I was sent for by the master, Dr. Smith, the learned author of the well- known Treatises upon Optics and Har- monics, and the worthy successor to my grand-father Bentley, who strongly re- rebated the neglect of my former tutors, and recommended me to lose no more time in preparing myself for a degree, but to apply closely to my academical 2 ood * Memoirs, 4th edit. p. 69. a“? ee Memoirs of the late Richard Cumberland, ex. [Julv'1j studies for the remainder of the year, which I informed him I would do.” . Mr. Cumberlafid accordingly kept his word, and began a course of stwdy so apportioned, as to allow himself but six: hours of sleep, living almost entirely upon milk, and using the cold-bath very tre-- quently. At length he was appointed, “ nothmg loth,” to keep an act, and) having distinguished himself on this oc- casion, the moderator concluded the day with a compliment to him, He svon after took his bachelor’s degree, with great credit, and returned home to the paternal mansion, to suffer for his severe studies, a fever having taken place in consequence of intense application. ; On his recuvery, our author made an excursion to the city of York, and en. tered into a new scene of life; for we ind him hunting in the mornings, dancing 1:0 the evenings, and reading nothing but Spenser’s Fairy Queen. He appears, at this period, to- have been much pleased with some elegiac verses, written by Lady Susan Stewart, daughter of a late Earl of Galloway,and,in return, compased some poetry of his own, rather celebrated for its piety than its point, off which we shall insert only the two first stanzas : ‘¢ True! we must all be chang'd by death, Such is the form the dead must wear, And so, when beauty yields its breath, So shall the fairest face appear. « But let thy soul survey the grace, That yet adorns its frail abode, And through the wondrous fabric trace The hand of an unerring God.” &c. On his return to college, a fellowship presented itself to Mr. Cumberlana’s view; but he was suddenly called on to take a part in very different pursuits, having been invited by Lord Halifax, then one of the ministers, to assume the situation of his private and confidential secretary. Notwitltstanding this, he found means to make a short visit to his college, and was again admitted to its honours. ~ Meanwhile, his father, who like him- self, had been educated at Westminster and Trinity College, Cambridge, having exerted his patriotism in behalf of the House of Hanover, was al-0 patronized by Lord Halifax, and at length obtained the bishopric of Clonfert, in Ireland, whence he was afterwards translated to the see of Kilmore. His son, wholooked up to the same’ source for protection, visited their noble friend at Horton, on the demise of his lady, and having re- moved . : q 4 4 ' 1s11.} moved to Jodgings in Mount-street, al- ‘mdst entirely devoted himself to solitude and study. As the nature of Mr. Cumberland’s ‘occupations, in his character of amanu- “ensis to Lord Halifax, did not require ‘the whole of his attention, he found ‘leisure to cultiva'e an acquaintance with ‘the celebrated Bubb Doddington, and “many other noted men of that day. In a short time after this, in consequence of a dispute between his patron and the ‘prime minister, (the Duke of Newcastle), our author found himself in a very’ dis- agreeable predicament. Instead of look-' ‘ing up with the well-founded hope of pre- ‘ferment, he was soon taught to perceive ‘that he was now no more than the ex- “secretary of an ex-statesman. This re- ‘cess from business, enab/ed him to visit ‘Eastbury, a magnificent mansion apper- ‘taining to the statesman now just alluded ‘to, who there, as at his villa at Hammer- ‘smith, and his town-house in Pall Mall, “was never approached by his admiring . guests, but through a suite of fine apart- . “ments; and they were rarely seated ‘ but under painted cielings, and gilt entabla- “tures.” After Pisinibed lay-fellowship at Tri- ‘nity College, he composed his first dra- ‘matic poem, “The Banishment of Ci- “cero,” in five acts; but he himself can- ‘didly allows, that for a ** hero,” he was “not happy in his choice of the Roman ‘orator. Anterior to this, he had written his ¢¢ Caractacus,” and even in his boy-. ‘ish days he addressed “ Farewell lines to Hammond.” His first offering to the press, however, was in the shape of a ‘poem, entitled * St. Mark’s Eve,” pub-. ‘lished by Dodsley, and from which nei- ‘ther the author nor bookseller, appear to “have derived any profit. * He now got acquainted with Mr. ‘Charles Townshend, the celebrated wit, for whom he solved an enigmatical ques- tion, and reviewed and. criticised an elaborate report, while one of the Lords of Trade. Mr. C. also made some transjations in verse, from the Troades ‘of Seneca, and was introduced by Lord “Halifax to Garrick, who then resided ‘at Hampton ; but he declined accepting “of his ‘* Cicero,” for. the stage, and the “author is candid enough to remark, «that when be ‘published this play, he -was conscious that he published Mr. ‘Garrick’s justification for refusing it.” ' Mr. Cumberland now began to think ‘of settling in life; and having obtained the office of crown-agent for the province ’ Memoirs of the late Richard Cumberland, esq. 543 of Nova Scotia, by means of Lord H. he paid ‘his addresses to Miss Ridge, daughter of George Ridge, esq. of Kil- miston, in the county of Kent,and “ had the unspeakable felicity to find them ac- cepted, and sanctioned by the consent of all partiés concerned; thus,” added he, “‘I became possessed of one whom the virtues of her heart, and the charms of her person, had effectually endeared to me, and on the 19th of February, 1758, (being my birth+day), I was mar- ried by my fatiier, in the Church of Kil- miston, to Elizabeth, the only daughter of Georgeand Llizabeth Ridge.” In consequence of a change in the ad- ‘ministration; on the death of George IL. Lord Halifax again returned to power, and was soon alter appointed to the high office of viceroy of [reland. Our author as well as his father, accompanied him thither, and resided for some time in Dublin Castle, as Ulster Secretary. He at the same time, was entrusted with the management of the lord-lieutenant’s pri+ vate finances, which were in a very de» ranged state. On the new king’s accession, Mr. ©. composed and published a poem addressed to the young sovereign, his present ma- jesty, in blank verse. Soon after this he retired from Ireland, §* perfectly clean-handed,” without advancing bis fortune a single shilling, but from the fair income of office, and his disinterest- edness never having been betrayed to accept of any thing which delicacy could possibly -interpret as a: gratuity. Ante- rior to his departure, he was offered the rank of a baronet by his patron, which he respectfully declined. Qu his return to England, he found a place of 2001. per annum, his sole reward, after eleven years attendance, and Mrs. C.’s fortune of $0001. redaced to a very small balance. ‘His situation however, was considerably mended by an office in the Board of Trade, conferred by the iate Earl of Hillsborough. | As his new employment consumed but little of his time, he com- posed the Suminer’s Tale,” which had a run of nine or ten nights, and he sold the copy-right to Mr. Dodsley for a li. ‘beral remuneration, He now relinquished what he is pleased to ‘term “ his melodious nonsense,” to Bickerstaffe, the writer of popular ope- ‘ras; and on the advice of Smith, the ac- tor, hetook himself to legitimate comedy, and brought out the ‘¢ Brothers,” at Ca- vent Garden Theatre. Some compli. meritary lines in the epilogue, aii i 544 him once more to Garrick, and a lasting friendship was thenceiorth formed be- tween them. In the course of the ensuing year, Mr. C. paid. a visit to his father in Ireland, and laid the plan of his ‘ West Indian.” While resident there, he received the honorary grant of LL.D. from the Uni- versity of Dublin. On his return, he entered the field of controversy, and vin- dicated the insulted character of his grand-father Dr, Benuey, from “ an offensive passage in a pamphlet written by Bishop Lowth, professedly against Warburton, acrimonious enough of all conscience, and unepiscopally intempe- rate in the highest deyree, even if his lordship had not gone out of his course to hurl this dirt upon the coffin of my ancestor.” He now got acquainted with Goldsmith, Burke, Reynolds, Soame Jenyus, and also with Dr. Samuel Johnson, whom he describes aptly enough: “‘ Herculean strength, and a stentorian voice, Of wit a fund, of words a countless choice: In learning rather various than profound, Yn truth intrepid, in religion sound : A trembling form, and a distorted sight, But firm in judgment, and in genius bright ; In controversy seldom known to spare; But humble as the Publican in prayer ; To more than merited his kindness, kind, And though in manners harsh, of friendly _ Mind 5 Deep ting'd with melancholy’s blackest shade, And, though prepared to die, of death ‘afraid Such Johnson was: of him with justice vain, When will this nation see his like again ?”” Meanwhile Lord Germaine obtained the seals for the colonial department, and Mr. Cumberland, still a subaltern at the Board of Trade, having accepted of an invitation to Stoneland, was enabled by the friendship of the new minister to become secretary in the place of Mr. Pownall. His official fame seems to have been lost in the splendour of his literary talents. Such indeed was the reputation of the subject of this memoir, at the present period, that he was applied to by Dr. Dodd, for a defence. This task however, was assigned to Dr. Samuel Johnson,while other pursuits now opened to the view, and a diplomatic: mission seemed te court the ambition of our au- thor. Having discovered in 1780, that there was a fair prospect of a secrét ne-~ gociation with Count Florida Bianca, then minister of Spain, he repaired to the peutral port of Lisbon, with the Memoirs of the lute Richard Cumberland, esq. [July 1, Abbé Hussey,* Chaplain to his Catholic Majesty, accompanied by his wife and two daughters, Vhence they proceeded to Aranjuez, where he was well received by the. Spanish premier, and engaged soon after in a negociation for a separate peace with the court of Madrid.’ This project however, completely failed; and our author returned to England, where, instead of obtaining a suitable reward for his exertions, he fuund himself neglected and we believe disavowed. : On the dissolution of the Board of Trade, Mr. C. fixed himselfat Tunbridge Wells, where his books and his pen became his best associates. There, among others, he cultivated an acquaintance with the late Earl of Guilford, who had become old, infirm, and blind, and who in the decline of life appeared infinitely more happy, and more amiable, than when directing the pointless efforts, and lavishing the unavailing wealth, of Britain, against a continent inhabited by men, who panted after, and at length acquired independence. The quondam premier now listened with attention for the first time, to those complaints which he had before spurned at; and the ex-diploma- tist began to entertain a resp@ct for the ex-statesman who had bereaved himself and family of their dearest hopes. He also formed a strict friendship with his then neighbour, Sir James Bland Bur- gess, in conjunction with whom he has since written many verses. From this favourite spot he retired however for a while, and left a beloved residence, since called Cumbertand House, by the pro- prietor, in honour of him. It was now his intention to pass the remainder of his days at Ramsgate, where one of his daughters, who had been many years married to Lord Edward Bentinck, the uncle of the present Duke of Portland, then dwelt. But he. did not remain long there, for the memory of the Wells was still dear to him, and he accordingly returned thither, and occupied a small house on Mount Sion, exactly opposite to his former mansion, He was now once more in his proper element. Every spring brought down a number of the first families in the kingdom, and, during the winter, he made occasional excursions to town. His influence, also, was dis- * Mr. Hussey, better Known by the ap= pellation of Dr. H. was an Irishman by birth, and afterwards obtained an episcopal mitre as a titular Roman Catholic bishop, im partibus remot, lid. 3 . ' played ; Indian. ABIL] displayed and exerted in the election of a master of the ceremonies, and he “was flattered ‘by the choice of the vo- lunteers, by whom he was chosen ma- jor-commandant. In consequence of an accession to their numbers, he after- wards obtained a commission as lieute- nant-colone], and the writer of this me- moir has often seen him marcha couple of niles at their head, and give the word of command with all the ardour of an ex~ perienced veteran. - ; Nor were his literary pursuits entirely forgotten. Mr. C. at an. advanced pe- riod of life, could still occasionally com- pose a jeu d’esprit, and he once more ventured even to write: for the stage; but welament to observe, that none of his latter performances evinced the spirit, . or experienced the success of his West He also undertook a quarterly review, to. which he prefixed a preface, and appended his name to this, as well as many of the leading articles; but this speculation also proved unfortunate. ** Memoirs of his own Life,” however, were read with satisfaction, and circu- lated with a certain degree of avidity. Soon after their appearance, he confided the care of arranging his posthumous works to Messrs. Rogers* and Sharpe, together with Sir James Bland Burgess, It is with sorrow we are obliged to remark, that Mr. Cumberland towards the latter part of his life, experienced a’ variety of misfortunes. One of his grand- sons, having at an early period of life been sent to sea as a midshipman, had received a corporeal punishment for some: trifling fault; this circumstance, which we believe is unusual on the part ofa midshipman, preyed on his’mind, more especially as the young man died soon after. He wrote for, and, we have heard, obtained a court-martial for the trial of thie officer in question; but although he was acquitted, yet the circumstances . . of the case rankled in his mind, and ren- dered him attimesuneasy. [is favourite. daughter also was far from enjoying a good state of health, while her husband, a foreign officer, who had served abroad with credit, appeared to be afilicted with a mortal distemper. His own affairs too, were far from being flourishing, and his late Jiterary pursuits had not been ah tended with that flattering success which he experienced during his earlier years, It was in this situation, at some dis« a a ey res _* Mr. R. is author of the ** Pleasures of mory.” : Moyruty Mac, No, 214. Memoirs of the late Richard Cumberland, esq; 545 tance from his own beloved house, and from Tunbridge Wells, a residence to which. he was so much and so long ate tached, that Richard Cumberland. re« signed his breath, at the house of Mr. Heary Fry, in Bedford Place, Russel Square, in the 80th year of his age, on the 7th of May, 1811. The author of this article, who had known him for some years, beheld his grave on the day of his Interment*, in Poets Corner, Westmin« ster Abbey, with a considerable degree of emotion, A procession was formed on the occasion, and his mortal remains being deposited in a spot, nearly at an equal distance from Drydenand Addison, Dr. Vincent, the Dean of Westminster, and himself an author, pronounced the following funeral discourse over the re< mains of his old schoolfellow : “ The person you now see ‘deposited here, is Richard Cumberland, an author of no small merit: his writings were chiefly intended for the stage, but of a- tendency strictly moral; they were not destitute of faults, but cannot be charged. with grossness ;_ nor did they abound with oaths, or libidinous expressions, as I am shocked to observe is the case with many of such compositions of the present cay. -He wrote as much as any; few excelled more; and his works must be holden in the highest estimation so long as the English language will be understood. He considered the theatre 2s a school for moral improvement, and his remains are truly worthy of mingling with the il« lustrious dead which surround us; “ Read his prose subjects on divinity! there you will find the true christian spi. rit of the man who.trusted in our-lord and saviour Jesus Christ; so may God forgive him his sins, and at the resurs rection of the just, receive him into evere lasting glory !” Mr. Cumberland in person, appeared rather below the middle size, with a countenance, from which the vermi- lion flow of health was not banished until the last and most afflicting period - of his existence. He usually dressed in blue or black, was always neat in his apparel, and when he so chose, eould be both pleasing and instructive in his conversation. In respect to the world, he affected to possess a critical knowledge of it, yet he, to adopt his own language, ¢ Tn its fair promises reposed more trust Than wiser heads, and older hearts, would risque.” * May 14th. aA j We . 546- We most sincerely hope that his wishes may be fully verified, and that the fol- Jowing apostrophe has not been addressed by him in vain: © Some tokens of a life not wholly pass’d Ta selfish strivings or ignoble sloth, Haply there may be found when I am gone, Which may dispose fair candour to discern Some merit in my zeal, and let my works Outlive the maker, who bequeaths them to thee 5 For well I know where our perception ends Thy praise begins, and few there be who weave Wreaths for the poet’s brow, till he is laid Low in his narrow dwelling with the worm.” Mr. C. has left, we believe, five children, and about sixteen grand-child- ren, to bewail his loss, and respect his memory. Of four boys, two perished in the service of their country, and two still remain; one of these, Richard, edu- cated at Cambridge, is a captain in the navy, and another a_barrack-master. One of his daughters, as has already been said, married the brother of the Duke of Portland; another became the wife of a man of fortune, and a third, with whom he lived, was united to a German officer, Here follows a catalogue of his works, inaccurate, perhaps, in some particulars, but probably the best hitherto pub- lished. I. THEOLOGY, 1. Sermons. 9. Evidences ofthe Christian Religion. 38. Translations of the Psalms. II, HEROIC POETRY. 1. Calvary, or the Death of Christ; a poem in blank verse, 2. The Exodiad ; written, we believe, in conjunction with Sir J. B. Burges. Itt. DRAMATIC WORKS. 1. The Banishment of Cicero; a dramatic poem in five acts, printed in 1761. 2. Caractacus. 3. The Summer's Tale ; a comedy, 4. The Brothers; acomedy. 5. The Fashionable Lover; a comedy. 6. The West Indian; a comedy, which was got up in a great style by Garrick, and, in the language of the theatres, had a *¢ long run.” 7. The Choleric Man ; a comedy, to which Garrick wrote the Epilogue. 8. Timonof Athens ; altered from Shake- speare. : 9. The Fashionable Lover; 1772. ’ 10. Note of Hand, or a Trip to New- market 5 1776. 11. Mysterious Husband ; 1785. 12. The Battle of Hastings; a tragedy, in which Henderson played the character of Edgar Atheling. 43. Box Lobby Challenge, 4 Memotrs of the late Richard Cumberland, esq. [July 15 a ors ‘ 14, The Opera of Calypso. 15. The Impostors ; a comedy. 16. The Widow of Delphi, or Descent of the Deities. 17. False Impressions. 18. The Carmelite ; tragedy, 1785. 19. The Natural Son ; a comedy, 20. The Dependant. . Days of Yore. . Ward of Nature. « First Love. - The Jew. . Country Attotney. 26. Walloons. - Wat Tyler. . The Clouds. . The Sailor’s Daughter. IV. UNPUBLISHED DRAMAS, 1. The Elder Brutus; a tragedy. 2. The False Demetrius. 3. Tiberius in Caprea. 4 Torrendal; atragedy. «Vs FUGITIVE PIECES. 1.° Verses on the Accession of his present Majesty. 2. A Poem after the manner of Goldsmith’s * Retaliation.” ; 3. Verses on the Bust of the present Prince of Wales. 4. An irregular Ode, addressed the Sun, composed at Keswick, and published in 1775-6. id 5. Ode to the late Dr, Robert James ; suggested by the recovery of the author’s se- cond son from a fever, in consequence of the prescriptions of that physician. 6. Lines to the late Earl of Mansfield. 7. Epilogue to the Arab. said to be his best And 8. Verses Complimentary of Romney, ané Sir Joshua Reynolds. 9. Verses to Richard Sharpe, esq. who first suggested the idea of Mr. C.’s Memoirs. 10. Verses presented to the late Princess Amelia, by the author’s daughter-in-laws Lady Albinia Cumberland, 11. Verses to Nelson. 12. Affectation; and 13. Avarice. 14. Verses to the Prince of Wales. 15. Verses to Mr. Pitt. 16. Chorusses inthe Appraiser, 1793. VI. MISCELLANEOUS. 1. Translations from the Troades of Se- neca. 2. Curtius in the Gulph. 3. A short Sketch of Lord Sackyville’s Cha- racter, dedicated to the Earl of Dorchester, 1765. 4. The Observer ; two editions published in the two first years. The work new ex- tends to five volumes, and displays great learning, and good morals. 5. An accurate Catalogue of the Paintings in the King of Spain’s Palace at Madrid. 6. Anecdotes of eminent Painters in Spain. 7. Memoirs, 2 vols.:4c0. 8. Preface to Tipper’s Review. vi. « NN PSLI.] VII. NOVELS. 4. Arundel, 2 vols. 2. John de Lancaster. 5. Henry, 4 vols. VIII. CONTROVERSIAL. ‘4. A Letter to Right Rev. Bishop of Ox——d 5 containihg some animadversions made by him upon a character given by the Scarce Tracts, Ke. $47 late Dr. Bentley, in-a Letter from a late Pro- fessor in the University of Oxford, to the Right Rev. Author of the Divine Legation of Moses Demonstrated. his passed through two editions. 2. A Pamphlet in Opposition to tke Bishop of Llandaf’’s Proposal tor Equalizing the Ree venues of the English Hierarchy, en SCARCE TRACTS, WITH EXTRACTS AND ANALYSES OF SCARCE BOOKS. Tt is proposed in future to devote a few Puges of the Monthly Magazine to the Insertion of such Scarce Tracts as are of an interesting Nuture, with the Use ‘of which we may be favoured by our Correspondents; and under the same Head te introduce also the Analyses of Scarce and Curious Books, a Considerations and Proposals in Order to the Regulation of the Press: together - with Diverse Instances of Treasonous and Seditious Pamphlets, proving the necessity thereof. By Roger L'Es- trange. London: printed by A. C. June 3, M.ve.LXITI. The Stationers are not to be entrusted with care of the Press, for these Sollowing Reasuns. RST, They are both parties and judges; fot diverse of them. have brought up ‘servants to the mystery of printing which they still retein in de- pendence: Others avain are both prin- ters and stationers themselves; so that sthey are entrusted (effectually) to search " for their own copies, io destroy their own interests, to prosecute their own agents, and to punish themselves; for they are the principal authors of those mischiefs which they pretend now to re- dress, and the very persons against whom the penalties of this intended regulation are chiefly levell’d. Qly. It is not adviseable to rely upon the honesty of people (if it may be avoided) where that honesty is to their loss: especially if they be such as have already given proof that they prefer their private gayn before the well-fare of the publique; which has been the stationer’s ease throughout our late troubles, some few excepted, whose integrity deserves encouragement. * Sly. In this trust, they have not only the temptation of profit, to divert them from their duty (a fair part of their stock lying in seditious ware), but the means of traneyressing with great privacy, and safety: for, make then overseers of the - piess, and the printers become totally so song, _ at their devotion; so that the whole trade passes through the fingers of their own creatures, which, upon the matter, concludes rather in a combination, then a remedy. 4ly. It seems a little too much to re- ward the abusers of the press with the credit of superintending it: upen a cons fidence that they that destroyed the last king for their benefit, will now make it their businesse to preserve this to their loss. 5ly. It will cause a great disappoint- ment of searches, when the persons most concern’d shall have it in their power to spoyl all, ty notices, partiality, or delay, 6ly. As the effectual regulation of the press is not at all the stationet’s interest, so is it strongly to be suspected that it is as little their aym: for not one person has been fin’d, and but one prosecuted, (as is credibly affirmed) since the late act, notwithstanding so much treason and sedi- tion printed and disperst since that time, gly. It is enjoyn’d- by the late Act “ that no man shall be admitted to be a master-printer, until they who were at that time actually master-printers, shall be by death or otherwise reduced to the number of twenty :” which provision note withstanding, several persons have since that time been suffer’d to set up masters; which gives to understand that the res ducing of the presses to a limited num- ber is not altogether the stationers pure pose. , The Printers are not to be entrusted with the Government of the Press. First, All the arguments already ob- , jected against the stationers, hold good also against the printers, but not fally That is, they are both pare tyes 548 tyes and judges. Self-ended, (upon ex- periment) under the temptation of profit. Offenders as well as the stationers; and, in all abuses of the presse, confederate with them, Beside, they will have the same influence upon searches; and, they have probably as little stomack to a re- gulation, as the other. ’Tis true, the printers interest is not so great as the Stationers; for where hee gets (it may be) 20 or 25 in the 100 for printing an unlawful book, the other doubles, nay many times, trebles his mony by selling it: yet neverthelesse the printer’s bene- fit lyes at stake too. Qdly. It were a hard matter to pick out twenty master-prioters, who are both .free of the trade, of ability to menage it, and of integrity to be entrusted with it: miost of the honester sort being impove- rished by the late times, and the great business of the press being engross’d by Oliver's creatures. But they propose to undertake the work upon condition to begincorporate. That is, to be disengaged the com- pany of stationers, and to be made a so- ciety by themselves. It may be an- swered, that it would be with them as *tis with other incorporate societies: they would be true to the publique, so far as stands with the particular good of the company. But evidently their gain lyes the other way: and for a state to erect a corporation that shall bring so great a danger upon the publique, and not one peny into the treasury, to bal- Jance the hazzard, were a proceeding not ordinary. But they offer to give security, and to be lyable to fines. Let that be done, whether they be incorporate, or no. In case of failer,” they’ll be content to lose their: priviledges. What signifies that, but only a stronger obligation to a closer confederacy? ’Tis true, ‘the printers in a distinct and regulated society may do some good as to the general business of printing, and within the sphere of that particular profession: but the guestion js here, how to prevent a publique mis- chief, not how to promote a private trade. But are not printers the fittest instruments in searches? They are, with- out dispute, necessary assistants, either for retriving conceal’d pamphlets, or for _ examination of work in the mettle, but whether it be either for the honour, or safety, of the publique, to place so great a trast in the hands of persons of that guality, and interest, is submitted to better Judginents. ' Scarce Tracts, &é. ws, = To conclude, both printers and stas tioners, under colour of offering a service to the publique, do effectually but design one upon another. The printers would beat down the bookselling trade, by menaging the press as themselves please, and by working upon their own copies.. The stationers, on the other side, they would subject the printers to be abso- lutely their slaves; which they have ef- fected in a large measure already, by so enéreasing the number, that the one half must either play the knaves, or starve, The expedient for this, must be some way to disengage the printers from that servile and mercenary dependence upon the stationers, unto which they are at present subjected. The true state of the business being as follows: ’ First, The number of master-printers is computed to be about 60, whereas 20 or 24 would dispatch all the honest work of the nation, 2dly. ‘These sixty master-printers have above 100 apprentices; (that is, at least 20 more than they ought to have by the law.) Sdly. There are, besid those that are free of ot least 150 journy-men, of which number, at least 30 are superfluous; to whi ( there will be added about 36 more, be~ side above 50 supernumerary appren- tices, upon the reduction of the niaster- printers to 24. So that upon the whole reckoning, there will be left a matter of 60 journy-men, and 50 apprentices, to provide for, a part of which charge might very reasonably be laid upon those who bound or took any of the said number, as apprentices, contrary to the limitation set by authority. These supernumerary printers were at. first introduced by the book-sellers, as 4 sure way to bring them both to their prices, and purposes; for the number being greater then could honestly live upon the trade, the printers were en- fore’d either to print treason, or sedi- tion, if the stationer offered it, or to , — want lawful work, by which necessity on the one side, and power on the other, the combination became exceeding dan- gerous, and soit still continues; but how to dissolve it, whether by barely dis- incorporating the company of stationers,: and subjecting the printers to rules apart, and by theinselves; or by making them two distinct companies, Ido not meddle, This only may be-offer’d, that in ease those privileges and benefits should be - granted . ~~ 4 [July 15 , 1811.] granted, to both’stationers, and printers, _ which they themselves desire in point of trade; yet in regard that several inte-~ rests are conceru’d, that of the kingdom on the one side, and only that of the companies on the other: it is but reason that there should be several super-in- tending powers, and that the smaller in- terest should give place, and be subardi- nate to the greater: that is, the master and wardens to menage the business of their respective trade, but withall, to be subjected to some superior officer, that should over-look them both on behalf of the publique. As the powers of licensing books, are by the late act vested in several persons, with regard to the several subjects those books treat of; so may there likewise be several agents authoris’d and appoint- ed for the care of the press, touching these several particulars, under the name and title of surveyors of the press: and every distinct surveyor to keep himself strictly within the limits of his own pro- vince. As for example: First, The lord chancellour, or lord keeper of the great seal of England for the time being, the lords chief justices, and lord chief baron.for the time being, , of more of them, are specially t@Jicense, by themselves, or by their Substitutes, all books eoncerning the common laws of this kingdom. Let there be one surveigher.of the press constitutétl peculiarly for that sub- ject. » Qdly. All books of divinity, physique, philosophy, or whatsoever otherscience, or art, are to be licensed by the lord archbi- shop of Canterbury, and lord bishop of London forthe time being, or one of them, or by their, or one of their appointments, or by either one of the chancellours, or vice-chancellours of either of the uni- versities, for the time being. Let three other surveighers of the press be likewise authorized for these particulars, 3dly. All books concerning heraldry, titles of honour, aud arms, or concern- ing the office of earl-marshall, are to be licens’d by the earl-marshall for the time being; or in case there shall not then be an earl-marshall, by the three kings of arms, or any two of them, whereof Garter to be one. This is to be the subject of another purveigher’s care, + 4uhly. Books of history, politiques, piate-allairs, and all other miscellapics, cae Scarce Tracts, Kc. 549 or treatises, not comprehended under the powers betore-mentioned, fall under the jurisdiction of the principal secres taries of state, to be allow’d by them- selves, or one of them, or by their, or one of their appointments. The care of the press concerning these particulars may be another surveigher’s business; so that six persons may do the whole work, with good order, and security. Three substitutes for the bi- shops, and chancellours, and one a-piece for the rest. A word now touching the encoirages ment of these officers, and then con- cerning penalties to be inflicted upon offenders, and rewards to be granted to enformerss The inward motive to all publique and honourable actions, must be taken for granted to bea principle of loyalty, and justice: but the question is here concerning outward encouragements to this particular charge. There must be benefit, and power. Benefit, that a man may live honestly upon the employment; and power, fur the credit aud execution of the trust. The benefit must arise partly from some certain and standing fee; and in part from accessory and contingent ad- vantages, which will be but few, and small, in proportion to the trouble and charge of the employment: for there must be, first, a constant attendance, and a dayly labour in hunting out, and over-looking books, and presses; and secondly, a continual expense in the en- terteynment of instruments for discovery and intelligence, which, being deducted. out of the pittances of licenses and for- feitures, will leave the surveigher a very small proportion for his peyns. The next thing is a power to execute; without which, the law is dead, and the officer ridiculous. Now concerning penalties and rewards, 1. The gayn of printing some books is ten times greater, if they scape, then the loss, if they be taken; so that the das mage bearing such a disproportion to the profit, is rather an allurement to offend, then a discouragement. 2. As the punishment is too small for the offender, so is the reward also for the enformer; for reckon the time, trou- ble, and money, which it shall cost the prosecutour to recover his allounent, he shalt sit down at last a loser by the bar~ gain, and more than that, he loses his credit aud cmployment, over and above, ‘ Ae ‘ 550 as a betrayer of his fellows; so great is the power and confidence of the delin- guent party. Morne The way to help this, is to augment both the punishment and the reward, and to provide that the inflicting of the one, and the obteyning of the other, may be both easie and certain; for to impose a penalty, and to leave the way of raysing it so tedious and difficult, as in this case hitherto it is, amounts to no more than this: If the enformer will spend ten pound, ’tis possible he may re- cover five; and so the prosecutor must Impose a greater penalty upon himself, then the law does upon the offender, or else all comes to nothing. An expedient for this inconvenience 3s highly necessary; and why may not the oath of one credible witness or more, before a master of th® chancery, or a justice of the peace, serve for a convic- tion. Especially the person accused being left at liberty before such oath taken, either to appeal to the privy- council, or to abide the decision, Now to the several sorts of penalties, and to the application of them. The ordinary penalties [ find to be these: Death, mutilation, imprisonment, banishment, corporal peyns, di-grace, pecuniary mulets; which penaltics are to be apply’d with regard to the quality of the offence, and to the condition of the delinquent, The offence is either blasphemy, he- resie, schism, treason, sedition, scandal, or contempt of authority. The delinquents are the advisers, nu- thors, compilers, writers, printers, cor- rectors, stitchers, and binders, of unlaw- ful books and, pamphlets; together with all publishers, dispersers, and concealers _of them in general, and all stationers, posts, hackny-coachmen, earryers, boat. men, mariners, hawkers, mercury-wo- men, pedlers, and bailad-singers, so of- fending, in particular. Penalties of disgrace ordinarily in practice are many, and more may be added. Pillory, stocks, whipping, carting, stig- matizing, disablement to bear office or testimony, publique recantation, standing under the gallows with a rope about the neck at a publique execution, disfran- chisement (if free-men), cashiering. (if souldiers), degrading (if persons of con- dition), wearing some badge of infamy, condemnation to work: either in mines, lantations, or houses of correction. Under the head’ of pecuniary mulcts, Scarce Tracts, &c. [July 1, are comprehended forfeitures, confis« eations, loss of any beneficial office or employment, incapacity to hold or en joy any; and finally, all damages ac- cruing, and impos’d, as a punishment for some offence. -Touching the other penalties before~ mention’d, it suffices only to have nam’d them, and so to proceed to the applica= tion of them, with respect to the crime, and to the offender. The penalty ought to bear proportion to the malice, and influence of the of- fence, but with respect to the offender too; iur the same punishment (unless it be death itself) is not the same thing to several persons, and it may be proper enough to punish one man in his purse, another in his credit, a third in his body, and all for the same offence. The grand delinquents are, the au. thors or compilers (which I reckon as all one), the printers, and stationers. For the authors, nothing canbe too severe that stands with humanity and conscience. First, ’tis the way to cut of the fountain of our troubles. Qdly, there are not many of them in an age, and so the less work to do. The printer and stationer come next, who, beside the common petalties of mony, loss of copies, or printing mate- rials, may be subjected to thest further punishments, Let them forfeit the best copy they have, at the choice of that surveigher of the press under whose cognisance the offence lyes; the profit whereof the said ™ officer shall see thus distributed, one third to the king, a second to the enfor- mer, reserving the remainder to himself, In some cases, they may be condemn’d to wear some visible badge, or marque of ignominy, as.a halter instead of a hat- band, one stocking blew, and another red; a blew bonnet with a red T or S upon it, to denote the crime to be either treason or sedition: and if at any time, the person so condemned shall be found without the said badge or marque during the time of his obligation to wear it, let him incurre some further penalty, pro- vided only, that if-within the said time he shall discover and seize, or cause to be seized, any author, printer, or stae tioner, liable at the time of that disco very and seizure, to be proceeded against for the matter of treasonous or seditious pamphlets, the offender aforeraid shalk from the time of that discovery be diss chary’d from wearing it any longer. This proposal may seem phantastique a ee en IsH.] LE vtracts from the Portfolio of a Man of Letters. at first sight; but certainly there are many men who had rather suffer any other punishment than be made pub- liquely ridiculous. r It is not needful here to ran through every particular, and to direct in what manner and to what degree these and other offenders in the like kind shall. be punished, so as to limit and appropriate the punishment; but it shall suffice, having specifi’d the several sorts of of- fenders and offences, to have laid down likewise the several species of penalties, 55t sortable to every man’s condition, and crime. Concerning rewards, something is said already, and I shall only add for.a cons clusion, that they are every jot as neces sary as punishments, and ought to be various, according to the several needs, tempers, and qualities, of the persons upon whom they are to be conferr’d. Mony is a reward for one, honour for another; and either of these misplac’d, would appear rather a mockery thana benefit. THE END. Extracts from the Portfolio of a Man of Letters, — RICHARD KEDERMINSTER. HIS amiable and learned man, was the last abbot but one who pre- sided over the monastery of Winchcombe, in Gloucestershire, to which office he was elected in 1488. His wise yovern- ment, and the encouragement he afforded to virtue and literature, rendered this society so flourishing, that it was equal to alittle university. In the year 1500, he travelled to Rome, and became after- wards a celebrated preacher. On the privileges: pi the clergy being attacked, in 1515, be preached a remarkable ser- mon to prove that it was against the law of Ged, who, by his prophet David, says, 6* Touch not may anointed, and do my prophets no harm.” He wrote a valu- able history of the foundation of his mo- nastery, and another of the lives of the abbots, beginning with Germanus, in the seventh year of King Edgar, A.D. 988, and continued it to his own times. These important documents, after the dissolu- tion of religious houses, fell into the hands of Judye Moreton, and were con- sumed by the fire of London, at his chambers in Serjeant’sInn. A fair copy of them is, however, said to have been in the possession of Bishop Fellabout 1630, It is possible that this may have been preserved, and it would be highly grati- fying to kuow where records so valuable are deposited, ‘Vanner mentions several other Legisters of this house, which pro- bably exist to this day, Richard Keder- minster beautified the abbey church, ani inclosed it with a wall cowards the town, and there he was buried in 1531, PROCLAMATION AGAINST DEFACING MONUMENTS. Queen. Elizabeth, in the second year ofber reign, issucd a proclamation against the impious defacing of such memorials as were erected for the deal, and every printed copy was subscribed with heer own hand. Those who have committed this ofence, are ordered, if they are able to have them repaired; and if not, they ave to be punished by penance, fine, and im- prisonment, and the revenues of the churches are to be employed in restoring them as nearly as possible to their erigie nal state. ALEXANDER DE HAILES, This once g¢elebrated scholar was brought upat Tares Abbey, in the county of Gloucester, trom whence in due time he removed to Oxford, and from thence - went to Paris to complete his studies. He wrote ** The Summe of Divinitie,” xt the instance of Pope Innocent the Fourth, to whom he dedicated the work, and for this and other good services to the church of ome, he received the splendid title of Docter Irrefragabilis. He died in 1545, and. was buried in the Franciscan. church at Paris, VACCINATION, AND INOCULATION FOR THE SMALL POX, It must excite astonishment that the vaccine inoculation, which has already been attended with so much success, should so long have been known, and partially acted upon, in the provinces, without being adopted in the metro. polis. This may perhaps, in some measure, be atuributed to the obscu- rity of the first practitioners, who not being .regularly bred, were of gourse supposed to be grossly ignorant; and the sapient and soleinn saciety, with the mys- tical capitals of M.D. backed to the ead of each of their names, held the unens Jighteued and literate ia $0 much con- tempt 55% Extracts from the Partfolioof a Man of Letters. [July 1, tempt, that they would not’ deign to adopt any practice which had been pre- viously pursued by an uninitiated herd, who were so far from being able to write a prescription in elegant Latin, that they could very rarely write itin plain English. Transferring the small-pox from one subject to another, by the common mode of inoculation, though unive?Sally sup- posed to have been introduced’in this nation by Lady Mary Wortley Montague, May, in jike manner, be traced back to a much earlier period, and is generally believed to have been long practiced in North Wales, as far back as any tradi- tion reaches. When the late Sir Watkin Williams Wynne, (I mean the grand- father of the present baronet,) was told, at his own table at Wynstyn, of the se- eret brought from Turkey, by the above- mentioned Lady Mary, he declared that when he was a boy, (and, as he was told and believed, for many ages back,) old women, who were distinguished by the name of cunning-women, and travelled the country as gypsies, practised inocu- lation as well as fortune-telling ; they af- fected to give the small-pox by a charm, but really carried the matterina quill, and scratched the arm with a pin or needle. The introduction of Lady Mary’s Cir- eassian mode of inoculation, transferred it from the cunning women, to the still inore cunning apothecaries; surgeons, &c. &c. &ec. Higeledy-piggledy, = - Scribble-scrabble, -\- See-saw, - tas Tittle-tattle, —- - - Munchance, - - = Fee-fo-fum, - - - Hobble-de-hoy, - - Tit fortat, =. = - - Willy-nilly, - = Dingle-dangle, - - Hurry-scurry, - - Shilly-shally, - - Hurley-burley, = - Jopsy-turvey,—Arsy-versy, Riddle-me ree, - - Ding-dong, - - - A short specimen of A Supplement to Dr. - Johnson's Dictionary, comprising words, phrases, Sc. which that learned lexi- cographér thought beneath his notice. By a late celebrated Writer. I shall somewhat enlarge the catalogue of terms that demand explication, which like base metal among legitimate coin, have by long usage, become current in our language, and without which the commerce of the world, or even the traffic of letters can with difficulty be maintained, either with profit or delec- tation. To explain them may be some glory; it would be more substantial fame to contribute to their extirpation. Wishy-washy; fiddle-faddle;. slap- dash; hum-drum; harum-scarum 3; pit- pat; rantum-scantum; chit-chat; prittle- prattle; hoity-toity; tip-top; hubble- bubble; humpty-dumpty; hugger-mug- ger; hiccius-doccius; hurdy-gurdy. It is easy from this slight specimen to suppose extension and amplification. Printed authorities will be subjoined, as vouchers for the existence of every term and word that shall be cited; and its va- rious significations, where there are more than one, properly explained, He who writes a dictionary of any tongue whatsoever, may be Considered as labouring in a coal mine$ but he who collects the refuse of a language, claims more than ordinary commisseration, and _ may be said to sift the cinders. Conglomeration and confusion. Pages of inanity. Alterndte preponderation. Futilé conversation, Mental torpidity. Gigantic intonation.’ The period between adolescence and puberty. Adequate retaliation. The exertion of an act, maugre the consent ofanothet Aérial suspension, Inordinate precipitation, Hesitation and irresolution, Extreme tumult and confusion. An inversion of capitals and fundamentals. An enigmatic exordium, Tintinabulary chimes, used metaphorically tasignify dispatch and vehemence. Tag-rag,—Riff-raff, = - The lowest plebeians. See Base-born, and Scura , of the earth. Ninny-hammer—Nincompoop, Asinine wretches. Hocus-pocus, - - Pseudo necromancy. _ Jeminy-creminy, - + Anemasculate obsttentaion. os Rigmarele, - - Discourse incoherent and rhapsodical. Liz 2agy - - - Transverse angles. Crincum-crancum, + Lines of irregularity and involution. Helter-skelter, . - Quasi hilariter et celeriter, ‘signifying motion of : _ equal jocundity and velocity. “ »g Hodge-podge, . + Acculinary mixture of heterogeneous ingredients, — : applied metaphorically to all discordant evinbinations, ; 13]1.] [ 383°} ORIGINAL POETRY, —_— SONNET, RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED TO CAPEL LOFFT, ESQ. d Al! faintly Fancy pictures to my view Th’ accustom’d grove where Lofft is wont to spend The pensive hour, accomplishing some end ‘That may the lowly peasant’s joys renew ; And much I wish to pay the tribute due To him, whose precepts gen’rous deeds commend 5. The Muse’s patron, and the Poet’s friend, The poor man’s guardian from Oppression’s crew. Accept then, Lofft! the tributary lay, From one untutor’d in scholastic lore ; Whose humble aim, te gain the right path- ways That leads to Learning’s truly valu’d store ; May hope in thee to find the genial ray Of approbation, gleam till life is o’er. Wn. TAYLOR. a WESTMINSTER ABBEY. FROM THE NEW EDITION oF Miss Mit- FORD'S POEMS, NOW IN THE PRESS, WHERE all that strikes th’ admiring eye, Breathes beauty and sublimity ; Where the cool air and tranquil light, The world-worn heart to peace invite 5 Whence comes this sadness, pure and holy, This calm resistless melancholy, This hallow’d far, this awe-struck feeling ? Comes it from yonder organ pealing? ‘ From low chaunt stealing up the aisle? From closed gate echoing through the pile ? From storied windows glancing high? Frem bannerets of chivalry ? ( Or from yon holy chapel seen Dimly athwart the Gothic screen ? No, "tis the stranger’s solemn tready Resounding o’er the mighty dead! He came to see thy wond’rous state, The wise, the beautiful, the great, Thy glories, empress of the wave, He came to see,—and found 2 grave, But such a grave as never yet To statesman paid a people’s debt ; n battle strife the hero’s sigh 8 breathed for thee of victory ; And bards immortal find in thee A second immortality. “He who first raised from Gathic gloom Our tongue, here Chaucer findsa tomb: Here gentle Spenser, foulest stain OF his own Gloriana’s reign ! And he who mocked at art’s controul, The mighty master of the soul; t Shakespeare, our Shakespeare !—-by his side, he man who poured his mighty ide ; Monrurr Mag. No, 214, a ) RR a eS The brightest union genius wrought, Was «Garrick’s voice and Shakespeare's thought. Here Milton’s heaven-strung lyre reposes { Here Dryden’s meteor briliiance closes! Here Mewton lies !—-and with him lie The thyusand glories of our sky ; Stars, numerous as the host of heaven, And radiant as the flashing levin! Lo, Chatham! the immortal name, Graven in the patriot’s heart of fame! Here, his long course of honours run, The mighty father’s mighty son: And hereAhy wipe that falling tear] Last,-best, and greatest, Fox lies here, Here sleep they all: on the wide earth There dwell not men of mortal birth, Would dare contest fame’s glorious racey With those whio fill this little space, O, could some wizard spell revive The buried dead, and bid them live, It were a sight to charm dull age, The infant’s roving eye engage, The wounded heal, the deaf man cure, The widow from her tears allure, And moping ideots f€1l the story, Of England’s bliss and England’s glory, And they do live!—Our Shakespeare’g strains Die not whilst English tongue remains: Whilst light and colours rise and fly, Lives Newton’s deathless memory : Whilst Freedom warms one English breast, There Fox’s honored name shal! rest. Yes, they do live !—they live t” inspire Fame’s daring sons with hallowed fire 5 Like sparks from heaven they make the blaze, The living light of genius’ rays; Bid England’s glories flash across the gloom, And catch her heroes’ spirit from their tomb, ena QUT SUN-SET. By Miss Mitrorp. FROM THE SAME. MPHE clouds disperse,—just glancing bright, * The sun sends forth his shrouded light ; *Tis pleasant on th’ horizon’s verge, To see the clouded beams immerge, Which strove all day *twixt frown and smiley Like the coy beauty’s simple wile, Who seeks to fix her lover’s eye, By thy’ strong spell, variety! It clears !==_we’ll rest upon the bridge, And mark yon purple western ridge, “Where the dividing clouds unfold Long narrow streaks of burnished gold; Now seen amid the clustering trees, . Like flaming sparks borne on the bi¢eze; Wow tipping every verdant elm With radiant light, like warrior’s helm 5 46 Now 554 Now higher mount the clouds, and higher, Bursts on the eye that orb of fire! Lighting the landscape’s fair expanse, Wide, far, the brilliant sun beams dance. Wow on the unrufiled lakelet playing, Now on the winding streamlet straying, Gilding fair cot and white-washed farm, Awakening every slecping charm, Chacing the dark sky’s vapoury sorrow, And promising a glorious morrow. How. beautiful the sight !—the eye Shrinks from its dazzling majesty To rest upon the rosy cloud Which overhangs its lustre proud, Catching the pure refulgent rays, But softening their excessive blaze 5 Refreshed, the charmed eye returhs Where that bright orb of glory burns ; ~ Suspended fora moment’s space, j He seems to check th’ etherial race, Then sinks beneath the horizon’s bound, With added speed to run his round== So sinks the hero’s soul to rest, To rise more bright amid the blest! He speeds upon the viewless wind 5 The track of light remains behind, And golden tint and rosy blush Wide circling mix in brilliant flush ; Reflected in the stream below, How lovely the bright colors glow, Fring’d in by trees that shake and quiver On the clear margin of the river, That, downward growing, seem to spread, And proudly wave th’ inverted head! There, bending o’er the light rail, sleep Our watery shadows dark and deep; There, too, my playful favorite bends, And o’er the stream her head extends, _ Graceful inclines the long arched neck, ’ With haughty wave and sportive beck List of New Publications in June. [uly 15 Then, starting back, erects her eary And sees deep in the water clear Another jetty greyhound rise, With long arched neck and sparkling eyes3 Advance, recede, stoop down, or fly, With apt and faithful mimicry, Pursuing still her every motion, Baffling her every simple notions Till with slow step, and frequent pauses Maria from the bridge withdraws. : Tis sweet to linger here, and view The fading landscape’s twilight hue 5 To mark how Nature owns the hour, That calls to sleep’s refreshing bower. All hasten to their home :—the lamb Meekly pursues its mild-eyed dam 5 The plover, with loud flapping wing” And shrilly scream, is hovering 5 The peasant, his day’s labor o’er, Sits idly at his cottage door 5 $ And plough-boys swing on farm-yard gate And laugh and joke with heart elate ; . Whilst cackling geese quick fluttering comey And whirring chaffers loudly hum. O, Nature has no voice, no tone, Howe’er discordant when alone, But breathing her glad spirit free, Bursts forth in general harmony ! The sheep-bell low, the screaming bird, The loud rude jést, the lowing herd, The insect whir,—who’d wish to cease, Music of nature, joy, and peace! © : | But they are hushed.—the sky grows pale, The purple clouds no longer sail, © ° The gathering shades the valley fill, The lowering mists obscure the hill, The evening dew is rising fat, And evening’s loveliest hour is paste [Se NEW PUBLICATIONS IN JUNE, ——— ‘ 99 As the List of New Publications, contained in the Monthly Magazine, is the ONLY COMPLETE LIST PUBLISHED, and consequently the only one that can-be useful to the Public for Purposes of general Reference, it is requested that Authors and Publishers will continue to communicate Notices of their Works (Post paid,) and they will always be fuithfully inserted, FREE of EXPENSE. —= * AGRICULTURE, ESIGNS for laying out Farms and Farm Buildings in the Scotch Style, adapted te England. By J. C. Loudon. 4to. 3l. 8s. ANATOMY. A Treatise on Surgical Anatomy. Abraham Colles. PartI. 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' A Portraiture of the Heavens, constructed for the use of Students in Astronomy, by the Rev. F. Wollaston, F.RS.. On ten folio plates. 11. 1s : Beauties of Occult Science investigated, according to the doctrine of Ptolemy and System of Argol. 9s. boards. BIOGRAPHY. Memoirs of the Life, Writings, and Cor- tespondence, of thelate Mr. William Smellie, Printer; Secretary and Superintendant of Natural History to the Society of Scottish Antiquaries, F.R.S.; author of the Philoso- phy of Natural History, translator of the Works of Buffon, &c. &c, . By Robert Kerr, F.R.S. and F.A.S. Ed. 2 vols. 8vo. 11. 7s. The Life of W. Waynflete, Bishop of Wjn- chester, Lord High Chancellor to Henry VI. and Founder of Magdalen College, Oxford. By the late Rev. Richard Chandler, D.D. formerly Fellow of that College, and author of Travels in Asia Minor, &c. Royal 8vo. 18s. An Introduction to the Memoirs of Prince Eugene of Savoy: containing private Anec- dotes of the Prince’s Family, and other ce- lebrated characters of his time ; with Notes, historical, biographical, military, &c. 8vo. Ss. 6d, 1 The Life of the Right Rev. Beilby Por- teus, D.D. late Lord Bishop of London, By the Rev. Robert, Hodgson, A.M. F.R.S. Svo. 73 COMMERCE, Nouvelle Methode Suisse pour tenir les Livres en partie double. . Par I. Isler. 4to. 11. 1s. The Insurance Guide, to which are added Concise Tables of Discounts. 8vo, I. 11s. 6d. : DRAMA. The Trial by Jury, a Farce, in two acts. By Theodore Edward Block, esq. 2s. EDUCATION. ® Exercises in the Spanish Language, adapted to the Commercial snd Military Spanish Grammar. By. J E. Mordente. 5s. On National Education. By George En- sor, esq. 8vo. 9s. 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Inguiry into the present State of the Circu- lating Medium ; with Considerations on the Bank of England, omits original Charter and Constitution, and ‘on its present Measures, and the Effects of those Measures on the Condition of the Wnited Kingdom. 9s. 6d. Papers on Toleration. By the Rev. Chris- topher Wyvill. 5s. Remarks on the Failure of Lord Sidmouth’s Bill, relating to Protestant Dissenters, 1s. An Introduction to the ‘Study of Political Economy. By D. Boileau. 8vo. 9s. Sketches of the Internal State of France. Translated from the original of M. Faber. 8vo. 7s. 6d. The Right of the People to Frequent and New Parliaments; with an Appendix, cons taining Copies of the Triennial and Sepien= nial Acts. 2s. 6d. THEOLOGY. La Liturgie ou Formulaire des Prieres Pubs liques, selon Pusage de l’Eglise Anglicane, daprés la derniere edition de 1806 par N. Wanostrocht, L.L.D. et maintenant rédigée par Theoph. Abauzit, Pasteur de l’Eglise Conformiste de-St: Martin Orgars, Cannon- street. 4s. 6d. ; Sermons, Charges, and Tracts, now ‘first collectedintoone volume. By Shute, Bishop of Durham. 8vo. 9s. a Strictures on Subjects, chiefly the Established Religion and the Clergy. the Rev. Josiah Thomas. 3s. 6d. A Course of Lectures containing a Descrip- tion and Systematic Arrangement of the se veral Branches of Divinity. By Herbert Marsh, D.D. F.R.S. Part II. 3s. * © Four Discourses ‘on the Nature, Designs Uses, and History, of the Ordinance of Bap- tism; with a Preface.. By Joshua Touimin, D.D. 3s. 6d. Devotional and Doctrinal Extracts from Epistles of the Yearly Meetings, in London, of the People called Quakers, trom 1678 te 1810. : ae : PATENTS LATELY ENROLLED.’ ‘ aE Mere Hdubes gs %,* Communications of Specifications and Accounts of New, Patents, are earnestly solicited, and will always command carly notice. a MR.JOHN LINDSAY’S,(GROVE HOUSE, MID- ‘piEsex), for a Boat, dnd varieus Ap paratus, whereby Heavy Burdens can be conveyed in Shallow Water, and whereby the Lives of Men will be saved from Wrecks, &c. &c. LIE vessel here described, may be a boat, or barge, of any size, the flacterihe better. When loaded witha cargo, and stopped-by any impediment, as ashoal, rock or sand, Mr. L. places on each side of the loaded vessel, a Jong flat trough; the sides of which two troughs, which he ealls lightnefs, are considerably higher from the surface of the water, than the loaded vessel that is now placed between the two troughs. Having thus placed the three vessels abreast ‘ ) 3811.) abreast of e€ach other, he places two strong beams, which he calls depressers, across the three vessels, which beams may be placed twelve or fifteen feet asunder; but equidistant from stem to stern of the boat. The loaded vessel has fixed ina strong keeison, two powerful screws, and higher as to length than her gunwale: the beams, or depressers, having holes bored in the centre of them, receive the heads of the two screws; two eapstans, with bars being fixed in the head of each screw, the vessel which is loaded, becomes by the action of these elevated ‘screws vradually raised, while two beams are laid across the vessel and lightners, so that, by raising the loaded vessel, and depressing the lightners at ‘the same time, the weight is divided on the three. When the shoals and diffi- culties in a river are so greatin places ‘that the. lightners cannot enable the jJoaded vessel to pass, then he uses a Dumber of water-troughs, called move- 2ble weirs, of which the first is fixed with ‘a kedge anchor on the opposite side of the river, when the vessel 1s to pass the shoal; and by attaching 1a number of these moveable weirs to each other, in a d@iagoual position, and by placing a tarpauling along them to prevent the scape of the water, he sinks the said weirs by weights in the river, by which ‘means he directs the current of the river inte.so-narrowa‘channel, that the in- Academy have pro- posed a premium of 501. to the writer of the best Essay on the following subject, viz. “ Whether, and how far, the culti- vation of Science, and that of Polite Li- terauture, assist or obstruct each other.” Messrs. Goon and Locuner, of Hat- ton Garden, have obtained the first pre- mium for a design of the intended Hos- pital for Lunatics, in the place of Beth- lem; and another premium for the erec- tion of a Lunatic Asylum in the vitinity of Norwich, ; Mr. Bisset, of the Museum, Birming- ham, has made a drawing from cne of the meteoric hail-stones which fell at Worcester, during the great storm in Jast month. He intends publishing a print of it, and we understand that it measpred SQ inches in circumference. Vhe Boasd of the National Vaccine Rsiablishiwent repurt that the sargeons 4 Literary and Philosophical Intelligence, [July of the nine stations established’ in Lone don have vaccinated, during the last year, 3108 persons, and that 23362 charges of vaccine lymph have been distributed to various applicants from -all parts of the kingdom, being an excess of nearly one third’in the number of persons vacci- nated, and in the number of ‘charges of lymph distributed, above that of the preceding year. No case of failure has occurred in any individual vaceinated by the surgeons ef the nine stations, Ip the Royal Military Asylum for the chil- dren of soldiers, and in the Foondling Hospital, vaccination was introduced by order of goveriment, and continues to be practised. The former institution, — which contains more than 1100 children, has lost but one of them by small-pox ; and that individual had not been vacci- nated, in consequence of having been — declared by the mother to have passed . through the small-pox in infancy. In the latter institution, no death has oc- _ curred by small-pox. Every child has been vaccinated on its admission tothe charity, and in no instance has the pre- ventive power of vaccination been dis- credited, although rsany of the children have been’ repeatedly inoculated with — the matter of small-pox, and been sub- mitted to the influence of the contagion. Similar success has attended the vacci~ nation at the Lying-in Charity-of Man- chester, where, in the space of nine years, more’ than 9000 persons have been effectually vaccinated; and, by a ( report received from Glasgow, it appears, that of 15,500 persons who have under- gone vaécine inoculation in that city, during the last ten years, no individual has been known to be subsequently af- ~ fected with small-pox. The number of deaths from small-pox announced in the bills of mortality of 1810, ,amuunted to 1198, which, although great, is ‘cousi- derably Jess than it had been previously to the adoption of the practice. The Board have been induced to address the preceding information to the committees of Charity Schools, and to submit te them the propriety of introducing vac- cination into their respective establish. ments, and among the poor in general, | They also state, that in the principal county towns gratuitous ‘vaccination of the poor is practised either at public ine” stitutions or by private practitioners on an extensive scale; that the prejudices . of the lower orders excited against the — practice by interested persons, still exist, but appear to be gradually yielding to a — sonvistion ee 1811.] ‘conviction of its benefit. From Scot- land it appears that the practice of vac- cination is universal among the higher or- ders of society ; and thatit is the opinion of the College of Physicians, the College of Surgeons, of Edinburgh, and the Fa- culty of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow, that the mortality from small- pox has decreased, in proportion as vac- cination has advanced, in that part of the*United Kingdom. At Dublin, and in Ireland generally, vaccination conti- nues to make progress. The Board have also received very favourable accounts of the progress of vaccination in India; and it appears that by vaccination the ravage of small-pox has been repeatedly prevented, and the disorder exterminated in the island of Ceylon. The Board de- clare their unabated confidence in the preventive power of vaccination, and their satisfaction with the gradual and temperate progress by which this prac- tice ig advancing, and that they are of opinion, that, by perseverance in the present measures, vaccination will in a few years, become generally adopted. The money granted by parliament during the last session has been sufficient to defray the expences of the year 1810; and they are of opinion that the same sum will be adequate to the expenditure of the current year. Wrought iron has Ben proposed as an advantageous substitute for the materials now in use for many purposes in shipping. \ A mast of this metal, the cylinder being - halfan inch thick, and the same height and diameter as a wood mast, will not be so heavy, will be considerably stronger, much more durable, less liable to be injured by shot, and can be easily repaired, even at sea. It will weigh duly 12 tons, and at 451, per ton will not cost more than 5401. while its strength will be nearly fifty per cent. above that of a wooden mast, that weighs ° 23 tons, and costs nearly 1200I. This mast is made to strike nearly as low as the deck, to ease the ship in a heavy sea, Ships furnished with wooden masts are in such circumstances obliged to cut them away. Ships furnished with iron masts, will not, like others, be exposed to the risk of receiving damage from ightning, the iron mast “being itself an excellent conductor: by using an iron bolt from the bottom of the mast through the kelson and keel, the electric matter will be conducted through the bottom of the ship inte the water, without injury tu the ship. Yards and bowsprits way also be made of wrought iron, at the Mostity Mac, No, 214. Literary and Philosophical Intelligen.. 551 sa:ne proportion of strength and expense as the mast; and chain shrouds and stays of iron, which may be used with those masts, will mot cost half the ex- pense of rope, while they will also prove ten times more durable. Even the whole hull may be made of wrought iron. GERMANY. A German, of the name of Routgen, a scholar of the celebrated’ Blumenbach, in Gottingen, has announced his inten- tion to endeavour to penetrate into the interior of Africa, nearly in the track pursued by. Mr. Horsemann, who, as-he has not been heard of for nearly ten years, is thought to have perished in the enterprise. This young man is about twenty years of age, and seems to have obtained all that kind of knowledge which is particularly necessary for his purpose. He understands the Arabic language, is remarkably abstemious, and has accus- tomed himself to make raw flesh and insects his food. At Gottingen he sub- mitted to circumcision, tliat he might appear to bea true believer in the Koran, and, in the character of a physician, travel through those countries where the name of Christian would infal- libly lead to slavery or death. In his peregrinations on foot through Germany and Switzerland, he always chose the worst lodgings and accommodations to inure himself to hardships. In Germany and Paris he has collected a number of questions proposed by the literati, re- lative to the unknown regions which he intends to visit. He means to endeavour to accompany a mercantile caravan from Mogador to Tombuctoo. It appears from information received on this subject from different quarters, that almost all the great’ forests in the interior of Germany are infested by bands of robbers. One of them is report- ed to have established itself in the Wet- teravia, and another in the Odenwald. These have communications with each other, and with the gang which during the winter has interrupted the public safety in the Spessart. Another troop resides in the forest of Thuringia, and has lately extended its incursions to the northern and eastern frontiers of , the grand-duchy of Wurzburg. The duchies of Saxe-Coburg, Meinungen, and fild- burghausen, have also been disturbed by this band, which is divided into several detachments. According to the docu. ments laid before the tribunal at Mente, itis calculated, that the amount of ihe robberies committed by these organized 4C bands, 362 bands, was in 1804 three millions and a half. Since that time they have in- creased till they amount to a total, which jt is not at preseut possible to ascertain. _ The sepulchral vault in the late ducal ehapel, at Brunswick, has recently been rifled: the gold lace and gold fringe which ornamented the coftins: of the dukes have been carried off, together with four silver vases, containing the hearts of some of those princes. Thes yemaing were afterwards found throw about in the neighbourhood of the palace. , The spirit which agitates a number of the vehement heads of Germany has taken a new turn, and the reveries of the ‘alluminati have been quitted for those of extravagant devotion. Several fanatical works have lately been published, in which the Germans are exhorted to put on hair-cloth, to turn hermits, and to impose on themselves the greatest aus- terities, and severest penances, One of these works, entitled ‘ Halle and Jeru- salem,” proposes to renew’ the ancient “pilgrimages to the Holy Land, FRANCE. There was lately for sale in the sale- “yoom of M. Sytvestne, at Paris, a uarto Latin bible, printed in that city in 1497, It belonged to Mary Queen of “Scots, whose name is written in the title-page, with her cypher M. S, and the following verses ; Meicux ne me peult advenir, Qu’a mon dieu tousiours me tenir, On the same title-page is the date, 1571, with the signature of the famous Besme, who the year foliowing assassinated the Admiral Coligny. He has also written some lines with his own hand; in which he iutreats God ‘to grant him grace to derive the profit resulting from perusal - of this holy book.” A whim has lately prevailed among -the young men of the higher classes at Paris, which shews itself, in ornamenting their bed chambers, and particularly their bed’s head, with arms and armour of all kinds; insomuch that the famous armoury of Don Quixote is completely outdone. Some are so particular as to group helmets and corslets on every - pannel of the wainscot. Arms, offensive Fd defensive, of every country, are dis- played with the most grotesque effect ; _ the Moorish poignard and the Turkish - sabre; the hangers of the Arabs, with the carbines of the Cossacks; the creeses gi the Malays, and the gagayes of Ma- “ “e Literary and Philosophical Intelligence. North American Indians. [July 4, dagascar; even: the clubs of the South Sea Islands, and the tomahawks of the This fancy has been of yieat benefit to the dealers in battered antiquities, who obtain five or six louis d’ors for articles, which not long ago they would bave thought thein- selves extremely fortunate to sell for as many livres. PRUSSIA. M. Cravunrus has lately made at Ber» lin, a promising. experiment with his machine for flying. He raised himself several times to the height of fourteen feet in thirty Seconds of time, by means of twenty-three strokes of his wings, carrying a weight of thirty-three pounds. He afterwards let himself down from the same height by: means of twenty-five strokes of his wings, in twenty-five se- conds, having a force of ascension of twenty-two pounds. The wings - are furnished with pipes, which close when the air is struck, and open by their own weight when the air is allowed to pass freely, There are powers of different action in the machine for rising and for descending. The pipes of one set are quiescent, while those of the other are in activity. The motive powers for descent are smaller than those for cle. vation; that for elevation has a surface of one hundred and sixty square feet, This machine, appled to a balloon, which possesses but. feeble powers of rising, permits the aeronaut, who con- ducts the balloon to rise to a certain height, to remain stationary at. that height, and to descend at pleasure with- out ‘emitting, and consequently losing, auy gas: but the inventor does not pre- tend to work it against the wind, as has been reported. Many of the inbabitants of this coun- try at present make use of the seeds of lupines, roasted, to supply the place of coffee; and, if the price of the latter should again rise, it is probable that this substitute only would be used. It is — called, Bishop’s Coffee, because an an= — cient bishop made it his ordinary be- verage. An adventurer, named ReizensTery, — formerly an officer in the Prussian ser-— vice, has collected an armed troop in. the neighbourhood of Frankfort on the Oder. The newspapers lately contained an order from the -Prussian aythorities, directing his apprehension, because he had taken an active part among the in, cendiaries, who have desolated the Mar-. gravate, ) 1811.) pravate of Brandenburg. A Silesian count is also mentioned as having cel- lected in the mountains of Silesia a body of deserters, against whom it has been found necessary to send troops. EAST INDIES. The number of persons vaccinated in the different districts of Ceylon, in 1809, amounted to 25,697, making a total of 128,782 since its first introduction into the island in 1802, besides a few others inoculated by individuals not belonging to the vaccine establishment. |The small-pox has not existed in any part of the island since February 1808, tll Oc- tober 1809, when the disease was brought to Jaffnapaam by a country boat from the Malabar coast. a few persons who had not been vacci- nated in that district, and by means of a civil prisoner, was introduced into the jail at that place, but its progress there was immediately arrested by the removal of the infected persons ana the indiscri- minate vaccination of all the other pri- soners. - The Indian government has offered a remuneration of 6000I.:for the importa- tion of the cochineal insect into their ter= ritory, from the coast of South America. From some recent discoveries, fresh hopes are entertained that the insect may be brought to perfection in India, an abject which has long been looked for- ward to without success. - The sunn-hemp of India, after a va- riety of experiments, appears not to have answered the public expectations, A dis- covery has, however, been made in Suma- tra and Prince of Wales’ Island, of an ar- ticle called poolas or calooee, which is spun by the natives, by a process till lately un- known to Europeans, into a strong and: durable cordage. A quantity of this article is expected to be received in En- gland by the ships of the ensuing season, for the purpose of making experiments, avhich will be superintended by-an intel- ligent native. Accounts from Bengal state, that a dreadful fire broke out at Unmerapoora (kingdom of Ava) on the 10th of March 1810, which entirely destroyed the town and fort, including the palace, temples, and 20,000 houses. ‘The governor, in order to compel the inhabitants to assist in preserving the place, ordered the pates to be shut; and thus reduced them to the dreadful alternative of leaping Litera’y and Philosophical Intelligence. The contagion spread to 563 from the walls, or being burnt to death in the streets. About 1200 preferred the latter, and 200 were dashed to pieces in attempting the former. WEST INDIES. A strange phenomenon has lately been observed in the island of Jamaica. This is the gradual formation of an immense lake, where, a few years ago, stood a Very valuable sugar work, and other planta. ‘tions. A letter from Kingston, gives the following account of it: —“* Having plenty of leisure, [ made an excursion about a fortnight ago to the lake of St.’ Anns, which certainly is a great curiosity, said now to cover $,000 acres of land, and stll rising. It’ is thus ‘accounted for : There used always to be a large piece of water, say seventy acres, a little from the orteague, into which a rivulet called the Rio Mo ran, and on one side sunk into the ground with a kind of hissing noise. This subterranean passage ap- pears to have been stopped from some unknown cause; the stream still continues to run, and the water, of course, to in- crease. One sugar work has lost 700 acres of good land, its works, overseer’s and negro houses; the tops of some are’ still visible.’ Several proprietors have lost great part of their grass pastures, and been obliged to dispose of part of their stock. The surface being now so-exten- sive, its perpendicular rising.is not so visible, perhaps an inch a week may be about the mark. Some canoes and boats have already been carried thither, and afford a pleasant amusement. I took a swim over a fine guinea-grass piece, and. got hold of the branch of a treé.to rest; but it immediately snapped off, and coms pelled me to make for shore, almost tired; I could not swim one-third part so far in this water, as in the seacor a river; I never found any so soft... All the trees within its surface are dead, and many very high ones covered over. . How high it must rise before it finds a vent, is yot yet ascertained, but it must be many yards, as hills surround the snot... I fancy’ it is twelve miles from the sea, Several ponds now appear at the distance of half a mile or-more from it, where never water was before; these also cons unue to rise; I suppose the water must ooze through the ground. Jn. another part of the island, St. Elizabeth, some hundred acres of land are covered with water, where, in some years, the negroes and 554 “and stock have been obliged to go fifteen miles to drink ; a number of springs have broken ‘out where never before there was the least appearance; this at first was supposed to be in consequence of the very great quantity of rain that fell last New Musical Publications. (July 1, year, but when the rain ceased the springs did not.”* * We earnestly wish our correspondents and readers, in all parts of the world, would furnish us with details of the progress of such phenomena.—LEditor, REVIEW OF NEW MUSICAL PUBLICATIONS, £¢ See our Oars with Feathered Spray,” the celebrated Boat Glee, sung by Mrs. Vaughan, Mr. W. Wynnett, Mr. Vaughan, and Mr. F. B. Sale, at Messrs. Wyanett, and Mr. Vaughan’s Vocal Concerts, Willis’s Rooms. Composed by Sir Fobn Stevenson, Mus. ~ Doc. 2s. 6d. HTS glee, which has also been sung with distinguished applause, in the favourite Melo Drama of the Patriot, or Hermit of Saxellen, in Dublin, does high credit to Sir John Stevenson’s taste and science. The construction, though sim- ple; is strongly effective; the parts, de- pendently, or independently, considered, display a sense of the effect wanted, and a ready command of the means to pro- duce it: neither is the beauty of the melody to be forgotten, any more than the nice adjustment of the harmony. “6 Heis gone on the Mountains.” The Coronach, or Funeral Song, from the Lady of the Lake, by Walter Scott, esq. Sung with unbounded applause at the public and private Concerts in London and Dublin. Composed, and inscribed to Miss Westby, by Sir F. Stevenson, Mus. Deo. 35. An ease of conception, and grace’ of manner, so strikingly mark this compo- sition, as to render it peculiarly attrac- tive and affecting. The melody is every where sweetly delicate, and the harmony is richly and judiciously embodied. ** He is gone on the Mountains.” The Coronach, or Funeral Song, from the Lady of the Lake, by Walter Scott, esq. The Music by Themas « Atwood, esq. 1s. 6d, The task of comparing the productions of living authors, is generally a more positive than pleasing duty-to re- viewers; but in the présent instance, the language of commengation may justly be ‘dealt out with so equal a hand, that we ean gratify one composer without giving pain to the other; and say with correct= ‘ness, that, in this trial of their skill, Sir John Stevenson and Mr, Atwood, have ‘equal claims to the prize, and, like Virs gil’s Shepherds, defy the preference of their judge. 4 Thema, with Six Variations, for the Piano- forte. Composed by F. W. Crouch. 3s. This Thema, which ,is accompanied with a superjoined part for a flute, and one separately printed, for a violoncello, is as simple as it is pleasing; and the va- riations, in which nothing extraneous or extravagant is affected, are conceived in a style perfectly analogous to the sub- ject, and produce an effect at once na~ tural and agreeable. Six Canzonets, with an Accompaniment for the Piano.forte, or Harp. Composed, and dedi-~ cated to Miss L. C. Cooke, by Richard Light. 8s. We find in these canzonets some easy flowing passages. The sentiments of the words are well consulted, and the general cast of the melodies bespeak that respectable portion of talent, from which, by Mr. Light’s furtker cultivation of this species of composition, we unhesita- tingly argue much future excellence. A favorite Sicilian Air, arranged as a Ronde for the Harp. Composed and dedicated tc Mrs. Carleten, by L, De Marin. 2s. This rondo is all that the composer designed it to be, a familiar and attrace tive little exercise for the piano-forte, The passages are well disposed for the juvenile hand, and, while they win the ear, cannot but improve the finger, - “Ta Majesteuse,” a favourite’ March, and Three Original Airs, De Dance, for the Piano- forte. Composed ty G. G. Ferari. 33s. In this little publication we find much pleasing variety. The several movements are atonce, generally speaking, good in themselves, aud are so arranged in the work as to follow each other with every advantage that judicious succession could secure. as agreeable, and the aggregate effect is agreeable and strikisg. 66Gralam Many of the ideas are asnovel _ a 1811.] *6 Grabam and Glory, or the Victor Van- guished.” Sung by Mr. Rees, jun. at the Aquatic Theatre, Sadler's Wells. Written by Mr. C. Dibdin, jan. Compored by Mr. Reeve. 15. 6d. This humourous, patriotic, trifle, has been well hit offby Mr.Reeve. The words and the music run glibly on, and, if the sense is nut always strong, the loyalty is, and the grand object both of the writer and composer is attained. ‘ The favourite Welsh Air of ** Ar Hyd y Nosy or the Live Long Night,” arranged with fa- wiliar variations for the Piano-forte, or Harp, and Flageslet, or Flute, by Fobn Parry. 1s. 6d: This air is so ingeniously arranged, and the variations constructed with such an equal eye to allthe parts; and the broad, general effect, that in our opinion it merits the title of a Trio. Playful di- versity, and fanciful disposition, are the leading features of Mr. Parry’s adjust- ment and additions, and certainly place this popular and graceful little publication in a very advantageous point of view. A Trio for Three Flutes. Composed, and in- scribed to Ramon Larrea, esq. by Fobn Parry. 33. This Trio consists of two movements, Monthly Retrospect of the Fine Arts. $55. the second of which forms as pleasing a Rondo as any that has lately come under our notice, and may be had singly for . the piano-forte. The combination of the three parts is scientific and aftificial : the points are well supported, and the turn of passages is accommodated to the station each of the three instruments takes in the scale. 66 Young Edwin I met in the Valley,” a fa- wourite Song, sung by Mrs. C. Bibdin, in the Red Reaver. Written by C. Dibdin. Composed by W. Reeve. As. 6d. “Young Edwin” is a pleasing trifle. The mae though not remarkable for its novelty, is very natural, and gives the sense of the, words with tolerabie force and justness. 6 Al Peep al Turkey,” a favourite Comic Songs sung by Mr. Grimaldi, at Sadler’s Wells Theatre, in the Pantomime of Dulce Domum. Composed by W. Reeve. 1s. 6d. The general description of the last article will pretty well apply to this. Though not important, it is agreeable, and affects nothing beyond its own na- tural character, * “MONTHLY RETROSPECT or tue FINE ARTS. The Use of all New Prints, Communications of Articles of Intelligence, 8c. ar requested wnder cover to the Care of the Publisher. —— | TheExhibitionof the Royal Academy,1811. (Continued from p. 464.) ‘E shall now proceed to mention more particularly the most excel- lent of this very excellent exhibition, which, in point of brilliancy of talent, is not inferior to any .that have decorated the walls of Somerset Place. Dawe’s portraits of Mrs. T. Hope and her sons, (No. 6) is a faithful transcript of this fascinating woman, engaged in the most lovely of feminine employment, the nur- ture of her children. Fuseli’s Macbeth consulting the vision of the armed head, (No, 12) is the best of his productions this year, and possesses much of his usual beauties and defects ; the imaginary eings possessing every thing avivid fancy could suggest, and the mortal too much ex- aggerated in muscular form, considering heis clothed. Hilton’s John of Gaunt re- proving King Richard If, (No. 18) is in Imany respects an excellent perlormiunce, but consists too much of straight lines, and is not historically correct. Jou ot Gaunt was one of the mast magnifice princes of his time, and should not ha been represented in such a sack-clo1 monkish costume; neither is Richard st ficiently handsome for the prince, who personal beauty was such, that, in Shake peare’s words, “ like the sun, it mad beholders wink.” The portrait of Philip Floworth, a boy of extraordinary size and strength, in the character of the infant Hercules, (No. 86) by Dawe, embraces most of the principal beauties of the art, and assumes an ideal beauty from the premature maturity and astonishing muscularicy of the subject, that is per- haps a solitary instance in portraiture; the face is common, though beautiful, and might be condemned were it entirely the production of the artist’s imaginas' tion. The colouring of the flesh 1s brile liant, warm, and natural, aud the ana- tomical drawing excellent. Having seen this prodigy, and often had the op. portunities of viewing his ‘wonderful - powers at an infantine age (only four years) and contemplating with.astonish- ment 566 ment the perfection of his form, we are certain that the pictare ts not, what many have suspected it to be, a mixture of truth and fiction, but a veritable portrait. —Omnia vincit amor, or “the Power of Love in the Three Elements,” (No. 63) by the venerable president, 1s an exquisite production equally distinguished for its conception, as its execution.—Mr. Law- rance’s portraits are all excellent, but his admirable portrait of Mr. West, (No. 113) possesses the most supreme beauties of the art.—Mercury and Hersé, (No. 70) by Turner, is such a brilliant example of poetical composition, in landscape, as is not excelled in the English school; as is also (No. 81) his Apollo and Python. The Death of Lord Nelson, (No. 116) by the president, has been before-mentioned sand will be again noticed in-a future review of Mr. Heath’s print from it., (No. 138), the celebrated professor of elocution, Mr. Thelwall, by Lonsdale, is a portrait of great merit, and displays the character of the orator in a striking point of view; it is highly characteristic, 1s a good’ likeness, and an excellent picture: as is also the Earl of Harrowby, (No. 151) by Phillips, Mr. West’s Lot and his Daughter conducted by two Angels, (No. 188) is another striking proof of tie energy and unwea- ried perseverance of this great master’s pencil; this picture alone is sufficient for a splendid reputation. Callcott’s Apollo slaying the Sons of Niobe at the Altar of Latena, (No..198) could not be omitted without injustice; nor could Arnald’s composition, from a-description of Pzs- tum, by the Abbé Dupaty, (No. 209.) Among the water-colour drawings, (which are this year placed in a vew room, for- merly the secretary’s apartments) are some remarkably fine ones, by Mrs. C. Long, an honorary exhibitor of great talents. Edridge’s portraits are as usual excellent, and Mr. Henry Corbould has ene from the Lady of the Lake. Bone’s enamels are past all praise. Jn the an- tiroom are, a Demoniac, (No. 404) by Dawe, horribly, fine; some exquisitely fine landscapes, by Miss Gouldsmith, particularly a View at South-hall, Mid- diesex, (No. 464) which for trath of na- tural effect, has not its superior in the exhibition. Among the miniatures, Haines’s Ballad - Singer, (No. 555-) - The Gipsey Mother and Child, from Nature, (No. 573) by Robertson, and Portrait of the Countess: of Oxford; (No. 590) by Newton, are the most excellent, Of the aychitectural. departs Monthly Retrospect of the Fine Arts. [July 1, ment we have not room to say more at present, than to refer to our lasr, and to observe, that there is more room, nay necessity, of improvenientin taste in this department, than in any of the others. In the sculptural department must not be omitted the very excellent busts, by. Chantrey, particularly that of J. R. Smith, esq. (No. 936) which for cha- racteristic force of expression is certainly unequalled. Nor should be omitted those of Mr. West, (No. 947) and John Horne Tooke, esg. (No. $45) by the same ar- tist. Bacon’s Good Samaritan, (No. 905) is achaste design and well executed, as is Flaxman’s Victory, leaning ona trophy, (No. 925.) Hoppner’s Venus, (No. 946, )’ is a plagiarism from Nollekens.—Nol- leken’s busts are, as usual, admirable. Portrait of bis Most Gracious Majesty King George III. from the origi picture, in the possession of the Lord Bishop of Salisbury, painted by Fames. Northcote, esq. R.A. en= graved by William Say, engraver to his Rayat Highness the Duke of Gloucester; Published June 4, 1811, by Thomas Clay, 18, Lud- gate-bill, London. This portrait is, we believe, the last for which our venerable monarch sat; and is a forcible impressive likeness. He is seated in his chair of state, habited in the robes, collar,and plumed hat, of the order of the garter, which accessories form a splendid accompaniment to the portrait, aud, altogether, make as excel~ lent picture of his Majesty as has been published for many years. Of the en- graving by Say (mezzo tinto) it is not too much to say that it possesses every requisite of the art ; smooth, correct, and perfect in its gradations of the chiaro-+ scuro: and with the portrait of his Royal Highness the Prince Regent, which Mr, Say is engraving as a companion, will form as fine a pair of whole-length por- traits, as a collector could possibly de- corate his room or portfolio with, Portrait of , Sir Francis Burdett, painted, and dedicated to the People of England, by F. R. Smith, and engraved by William Ward, en- graver to his Royal Highness the Duke of York. Published May 29, 1811, by F. R. Smith, 33, Newiman-street. The original painting in crayons, of this deservedly popular and lighly inde- pendent character, was among the prin= cipal ornaments of the Royal Academical exhibition this year; and as such, is well. known to every admirer of the: arts. Mr, Ward has increased his reputation by the manner in which he bas executed the plate, which possesses the great ¥ merit v ; p abe 7811.) merit of being a free, well-executed print, and is a perfect fac-simile of its original. Besides being one of the best executed portraits, it is also one of the best like- nesses of the worthy baronet in existence; and is commemorative, ina very striking decree, of his late political sufferings, and combines an historical iact with pour- .traitive truth, Portrait of Fohn Horne Tooke, esq. painted by F R. Smith, andengraved ky William Ward, engraver to his Reyal Highness the Duke of York. Published by F. R. Smith, 33, New- man-street. This venerable scholar and_ highly gifted man, who justly ranks as one of the most learned etymologists in Europe, and of the best writers in England ; -whose whole life is so closely interwoven with English history, and whose name, when the jaundiced eye of prejudice shall be purged “ with euphrasy and visual rue,” will go down to posterity among the most eminent British worthies; is represented in the interesting, though ‘affli¢ting, situation, in which age and in- firmities has feft the outer frame of the able author of the “ Diversions of Purley.” He is lying recumbent on his couch, on which he sees and delights his friends with the power of his genius, and the -brilliancy of his intellect; folios of his Manuscripts and favourite authors are -placed within his reach, and he is in the convenient loose costume and cap, which he regularly wears. Of this, as well as the Jast article, too much praise cannot be given, whether we consider it as a por- trait of the man, or as a work of art; the painter and engraver having gone as far as the nature of their art would permit them. Wo. IV. of the Fine Arts of the English Sobool, | Edited by Fobn Britton, F.S.A. contains 1. A portrait of Sir Joshua Reynolds, from a picture by himself, in the council- room of the Royal Academy; engraved by William Bond: also a Biographical Memoir of that eminent Artist, by James _Northcote, esq. R.A. 2. Sculpture.—View of a Monument, “to the memory of Mrs. Howard, de- signed, and executed in Marble, by Jo- seph Nollekens, esq. R.A. engraved by ames Godby, with a descriptive Essay, ay R. Hunt, esq. 8. An Engraving, by William Bond, from a painting, representing the “ Sixth Angel loosing the four Angels from the River Euphrates:” (vide Revelations, phap. ix. ver, 14.) by Henry Howard, Monthly Retrospect of the Fine Arts. 567 esq. R.A. with a descriptive Essay, by R. Hunt, esq. 4, A Landscape, called Pope’s Villa, by J. M. W. Turner, esq. R.A. and P.P. in the Gallery of Sir John F. Lei- cester, bart. Engraved by John Pye, and Charles Heath: with a descriptive Essay. The concluding Letter-Press, descrip- tive of St. Paul’s Cathedral Church, by Edmund Aikin, esq. architect, INTELLIGENCE. The British Institution have this year, in consequence of the equality of merit in the three best prize pictures, deter- mined, and divided, their proposed pre- mium of 200, 100, and 50, guineas to the best, second, and third, best, into three equal shares, and awarded them te Messrs. Dawe, Hilton, and Joseph. Mr. Dawe’s picture is a Negro over- powering a Buffalo; Mr. Hilton’s, the Entombing of Christ; and Mr. Joseph’s Priam mourning over the dead body of Hector. All of which have been re- viewed before in this retrospect. Mr. Lonsdale has just finished an ex- cellent portrait of (seneral Congreve, of the Royal Artillery, in his uniform of colonel of that celebrated corps, which, at the desire of his Royal Highness the Prince Regent, has been placed in one of the principal apartments at Carlton House, and was there fixed a few days before the late splendid féte, and forms a companion to Lord Hutchinson, by Phillips, in a series of a choice few of the Prince’s most esteemed friends ; among which are Lord Moira, by Sir Joshua Reynolds; Lord Erskine, by Hoppner, &c. The Prince has expressed his approbation of the picture, and pro- nounced it worthy of its honourable situation, which, from one of his Royal Highness’s acknowledged taste, is great and well merited praise. On the 4th ult. the Royal Academy held their annual celebration of their royal founder’s birth-day, at the Crown and Anchor tavern, in the Strand, which was numerously attended by the most eminent artists, both in and out of the establishment, amateurs, and patrous of art. The chair was filled by the re- spectable and worthy president, and the evening was spent with pleasant ra- tionality. Ov Monday the 24th ult. the different schools in the Royal Academy opened to the students for the season, and on the the following Monday the library also, REPORP [ 558 ] REPORT OF DISEASES, Under the Care of the late Senior Physician of the Finsbury Dispensary, from the 20th of May to the 20th of June. N impressive instance occurred with- A in the Reporter’s knowledge about a fortnight ago, of the calamitous effect of impetuous passion, A farmer was in- temperately indignant against a tenant, for some alteration which he had made in one of his houses, and in the crisis of his rage fell instantly dead at his feet. The vialence of his emotion exhausted the powers of vitality, without the inter- vention of disease. ‘The moment before the sndden rising of his rage, he was in the most perfect health, and had been so for a long time previous. ‘ Although at already an advanced age, his mode of living, and moderation in every thing but temper, prontised still’ a considerable protraction of comfortable life. Arm- strong had such a case as is here related in his view in the following description: «¢ Bat he, whom anger stings, drops, ¥ he dies, At once, and rushes apoplectic down!” * Tt may be doubted, however, whether this fatal attack may be correctly consi- dered as apoplectic, although that epithet is in general, but certaitly with too little discrimination, applied to almost every case of sudden death, which has not been obviously occasioned by external violence. The physical injury arising from inordi- nate passion, separate from any mis- chievous action to which it may lead, has not been sufficiently the subject of medical attention, Ft operates upon the vital functions in a state of health, so as to produce disturbance and disease ; and, in a state of actual.disease, it has - an alarming tendency to aggravate every symptom of disorder, and to increase the risk of a fatal termination.» Anger, when it is not immediately dangerous, is at Jeast unwholesome. It is painful, with- out any compensation of pleasure. It is a thorn without a rose. A man must be altogether unwise, who would sacrifice his health to his enmity, and really in- jure himgelf, because he conceives that he has been injured by another. But anger is not the only mode of mental perturbation which is hostile toa man’s physical as well as intellectual well-being. The Reporter has been lately consulted by a person whose conversation and -let- ters exhibit a general superiority of mind, attended, however, with a partial imbe- cility. His good sense deserts him only upon the subject of his health. His owa ee ee ee * Art of preserving Health, 4 ‘cunnate or constitutional, equanimity _ought not, on that account, to be re- ‘to rise above their proper level. Dispro- (July t, opinion of his disorder constitutes the worst part of it. Fear is its most pro- minent feature, and most important ine gredient, The corporeal part of his com- plaint seems to be seated in the stomach, and his apprehension is in a great mea- sure the creature of indigestion. There is no circumstance attending his indispo- sition which threatens danger, or is.in- consistent with a fair chance of longe- vity; and yet he is obstinately convinced, without being able to explain any reason for his inflexible persuasion, that he:shall - never recover, and that he is even actus ally trembling on the very edge of the grave. This is far from being a singular example of hypochondriasis, a disease which, whatever may be the cause, seems to be every day extending still wider the circle of its dominion. Another remarkable instance of the influence of mental agitation in producing i disease of the body, the Reporter had an ; opportunity of observing, in his attend- ance upon .a lady in the course of the Jast winter. - Her husband, who was ex- tremely anxious on her account, was, at the time of her greatest danger, seized. with an apparent and unequivocal jaun- dice; and it was observable afterwards, © that his complexion grew gradually more clear, as the prospect became brighter of his wife’s ultimate recovery, The writer of this article has at present under his — professional direction a merchant, whose solicitude about the entangled and pre- carious state of his commercial affairs has so impaired the tone of his digestive organs, that he is unable to retain on his stomach any thing which it receives. There is no end to examples which might equally illustrate the medical power of the passions. ’ Although an evenness and quietness of temper may in many instances appear garded as out of the reach of acquisition. The feelings which have been subject to an habitual restraint, will seldom be found portionate emotions may often, in early life at least, be repressed, in the same manner as deformities or irregularities of ‘bodily shape are, by constant compres. sion, forced into a more natural figure and dimension. ‘Je REID.) aan Grenville-street, Brunswick-square, ° , June 25, 1811. ALPHABETICAL — 2811.) AcpnaseticaL List of ees. a Bankruetcres and Divrpexns, announced betweem the 15th of May.end the 15th of June, extracted from the London Gazettes. a BANKRUPTCIES, [This Month 187.J (The Solicitors’ Names are between Parentheses.) : ASKLAND H. Leadenhall Market and Birchin \gney provifion merchant. (Anneficy and Bennett, Ta- kenheufe yard. Lothbury Allen R. Briftol, fruiterer. (Stephens. Brifol Andrews ‘fT. jun. Hotwells, Briftol, coach maker. (Ford, Serle ftreet, Lincolu’s ian Amfinck T. Turnham Green, Merchant. (Walton, Gir- “dlers’ Hall, Bafinghall ftreet Afling C. Hind court, Fleet ftreet, jeweller. (Atkinfon, Caftie ftreet, Falcon fguare Atkinfon W. Three King court, Lombard ftreet, hat-ma- nufacturer. . (Alcock, Corner, and Lindfay, Burovgh Attwell R. Toddington, Bedford, baker. (Falkon, Temple : Bagley D. Sedgely, Stafford, ironmafter. (Strong, Still, and Strong, Lincoln’s inn Bailey T. Hackney, factor. ftrees Baker w, York, coufectioner. (Hearon, York Bayes T. Sr. Martin's lane, gold and filyer laceman. { Woods, New Corn Exchange. Mark lane Beck P. salford, Manchefter, brewer. (Hewitts aud Kirk, Manchefter Beckwith C. Huddersfield, iunkeeper. Huddersfield # Bell J. Fleur de Lis Court, Spitalfields, tallow chandler. (Evett and Rixon, Haydon fquare nett A. M. Devonfhire ftreet, Queen fquare, infurance «5 broker. (Wadefon, Barlow, and Grofvenor, Auftin Friars Bo T., J. Richards and R. Jones, Liverpool, tailors. (Murrow, Liverpool Bouch J and S. Tolfen, Maryport. Cumberland, check manufacturers. (Sim, Maryport Bevington §. Vine ftreet, St. Martin’s lane, vidtualler. (Turner, Kirby ftreet, Hatton Garden ‘Bowker R. Sedford. near Leigh, Lancafhire, cotton manufacturer. (Crofs and Roufston, Boltop le Moors Bret H, Sloane fquare, carpenter. uare Brooks J. Queen ftreet, Cheapfide, merchant, _ Bond court, Walbrook J. and J. Hull, merchants. in (Nind, Throgmorton (Blackburn, Jun, (Druce, Billiter (Birketr, (Edwards, Symond’s in mews T. Southampton, fellmonger- eld Brown J. Prince’s ttreet, Cavendith fyuare, haberdather. (Briggs, Effex ftreet. Strand ‘ Bunfon J. Chard, Somerfet, Jobber, (Fifher, Lyme Regis : : Carfen'a. jun, Malta, merchant. (Lace, Liverpool €arter J. jun. Liverpool, jjerchant. (Staniftreet and : Eden, Yverpool A @arter J. aud J. Rusby, s,snner ftreet, mangle makers, (Sweet aud stokes, Kings Bench Walks 5 Mafey s. Plaifow, Effex, gardener. (Clare and Virguy St. Catherine’s Clcifters. near the Tower @afs G. jun. Ware, Herts, oatdealer, (Bund, Ware @hatiton H. Oxford, corn dealer, (Attwood, Enfliam, Oxfordfuire (Cannon, Peterf- lay T. G. Coventry, ribbop manufacturer. (Minfter, Coventry ~ Gleeyes FT. Lincoln, mercer, (Terreweft and Hayward, Tincolo é Coa . Park Jan@, ficeadilly, tailor. (Richardfon Woks and Lake: Bury ilreet, St. James’s 4 @oates H: New Sarvm, Wilts, apothecary, (Warry, Inn Collies 5. "Me Newton Abbot, Devon. (Abraham, Ath- eae to tur fireét, Lower Eaft Smithfield, hemp mer- ~~ chant. (Recks, Wellclofe fquare -@ooper W. Minories, filk mercer. (Thomas, Fen court, areet c per gn Nora sni¢ids, Northumberland, flip chandler. fer, Newcattle upen Tyne i butcher. (Stanifreet and Eden, orf #. Liverpoul, 4 ceonin J, Southcott, Bucks, corn dealers (Howell, ‘Gresier £. Great Driffield. York. chymift. (Sherwin, Great James frreet, Bedtora row Ceisiett, Croker W. Ratcliffe Highway, ironmonger. Fountuey lane TET ee th i (Peers, Plymouth Dock « Plymouth, butcher, pl x Caftleton Moor, Rochdale. (Alexander, a. York, tauner. (Hall and Campbell, Da ha Liverpool, merchant. (Hackett, Old Deykin A. and J. High Holborn, accOutrement makers. fi New ina ¥ Bibtionjen r. Bennett ftreet, Blackfriars, mercer. (Lowlefs and Croffe, Sr. Milared’s court, Poultry Docwra T. Haskucy, dosler, (syddalj,. Aldcrigace Grect ns sah Mentxry Mac, Ne 114, Dodd G, Vauxhall place, Lambeth, furveyor. (Gregorys Newington, Surry Dolan B. Strand, cheefemongers. (Windus and Hole taway, Southampton buildings, Chancery lane Duckworth H. Liverpool, merchant. (Bardwell and Stepbenfon, Liverpoal Duckworth J. Manchefter, vittuallere (Edge, Mane chefter Dunftan T. Falmouth, linen-draper. (Nind, Throge mrortes ftreet Eames W. Little Moorfields, ftable keeper. Wilfon ftreet, Finsbury fyuare Edwards H. H. Woolwich. carpenter, terbury fquare, Southwark Eljis J. Swinton ftreet, Gray's inn fquare, fcavengere (Colerran, Furnival’s inn (Luckett. (Sherwood, Cans Englih IT. Hull, fhip builder, (Edmunds, Lincoln’s ina Eure H. and R. Richards, Queen ftreet, Finsbury, wheelwrights. (Lowlefs and Croffe, St. Mildred’s court, Poultry Evans R. Beech ftreet, Barbican, cheefemonger. (Wine dje, John Rreet, Bedford row Everitt J., W. J. and S. Guilford, horfe dealers. (Lucaty Webber fireet, Blackfiiar’s road Farrar E, Halifax, grocer. (Hodgfon, Surry freet, Strand Fell J. and W. Bean, Nottingham, hofiers. Vong, and Ince, Gray’s ian fyuare Fenton R. jun. Han ey, Stafford, diaper. and Bifhop, Hanley FerriterS. M. Fore ftreet, merchant. ford court, Throgmorton ftreet “i Forbes J. Liverpool, merchant. (Shephard and Ad ing. ton, Gray’s inn Ford R. Briffol, rope manufacturer. Bartlete’s Buildings Ford R. Worcefter, milliner. (Welch, Nicholas lane, Lombard ftreet Poriermeham J. Liverpool, merehant- poo. Fox J. Ruacorn, Chefiire, grocer. pool Garrett J, Lenham, Kent, haberdather, (King, Caftle fireet, Holborn A f Gerrard J, G. Bafinghallfreet, merchant, (Pitches an@ Sampfon, St. Swithin’s Jane, Cannon treet Gilchrit G, Liverpool, merchants (Murrow, Livere (Foulkes and Crefwellg (Blackfock, (Kinderleyg (Birch, Fofters (Pafmore, Warns (Roffer and Som» (Pritt, Livere (Dawfon, Livere pool Gill R. Birmingham, draper. Manchefter Glover J. Liverpool, boot and fhoe maker, . Yemple Golditun M. I. Great Prefcot treet, Goodman’s fields, merchant. (Howard and Abrahams, Jewry fireet, Aldgate a Horfe Ferry road, Weftminfter, coach Goodbody S. a finith. (Fream, Great Queen ftreet, Lincoln’s ing fields Goodwin W. H. Liverpool, timber merchant, Liverpool 3 » Gould W. Chippenham, Wilts, innholder. Chippenham ‘ Graham J. Carlifle, (Briggs, Efiex freet, Strand Guet J. W. D. Kinefton, grocer. Queen ftreet, Lincoln's inn fields Halen J. C. Vine fieet, America fquare, merchant, (Bousfield, Bouverie treet Haley A. Horton, York, cotton manufacturer. Halifax Hall G. Holywell ftreet, Shoreditch. (Stratton and All~ port, Shoreditch 4 Haraenberg F. Mount ftreet, Grofvenor fyuare, fatuarye (Burridge, Hatton Garden : Hardman J, Blackheath hill, victualler. (Hill, Rocd Jane, Fenchurch @reet Harre W. Bow Common Jane, merchant, Bedford fquare 4 Hartley R. Langroyd, Laneaftek, calico manufacturer, (Eage, Manchelter ~ (Laces (Heathy joiner. (Chippindall, Greap (Lewis, (Vincent, Hobman W. and CG. Deptford, cow keepers. © (Minthull and Veal, Abingdon ttreet Hockin ). Biddeford, Devon, fpirit merchayes (Windus, Bartiett’s Guuldings — Hockiy R. jun. South Cheriton, Sumerfer, cheefermonget. (Ring, Wincanton Kottgfon Je R Liverpool, merchant. Huge J. Freeman's lane Southwark. carpenters phreys, Tokenhoute yard ‘ : Holland §, Manchelter, wine merchant, (Willis, Faire shorne, and Clarke, Wartford court Hoppe E. Church ‘treet, Little Minories, mathematical inftrument maker, (Searie, Fetter tane Howell J. Liverpool, merchant. (Murrow. Liverpool Hughes RK. Pontpool, Munmouthy tallow chandler, (jones, {Lace, Liverpool (Hume _« bergavenny ¢ Kuiley £. Britol, dealer in earthen ware. (Stephens, Briftol 4b Jarmaa 560 Jarman W. Walworth. Surry, upholterer. Pudding Jane, Thames ftreet Jernégan W. Swinfea. architect. Jobntone J. Liverpool, merchant. Bedfard row Jones E. Birmingham, Jiquor merchant. (Maudfley, Birmingham (Jones j. Worcefter, glover, (Platt, Worcetter i Jones H.S. Buenos Ayres, Merchant, (Long, America “ fquare Jofeph S N. Bury ftreet, St. Mary Axe, merchant. (Teafdale, Merchant Taylor's Hall Reeping J. Baroham, Suffex, brewer. (Few and Afh- more. Cevent Garden King S. Union ftreet, Whitechapel, Swithin’s Jane Y Lapraik G. Bifhopfgate ftreet within, (Nind, Throgmorton ftreet : Larrandon G, Margate, wine merchant. (Chapmany Margate Long P. Mere, Chefhire, tanner. (Follins, Knutsford Lowe A. Croydon, cutler. (Guy, Croydon Ludlow w. A, Andover, Hants, Wine merchant. (Hay- ward. Great Ormond ftreet~ Luxton J. and J. Hillier, Poole, Dorfet, linen drapers. (Oakley, St. Martin's Jane, Catnon ftreet 5 (Brgwny (Jenkins, Swanfea (Windle, John ftreet, (Pearce! aud Sons cheefemongers Lyon J Leadenhall treet, infurance broker. (Burt and Swinford, John ftreet, Crutched Friars Maton w. Rainow, Chetter, cotton fpinner, (Hewittand Kirk, Mancheftter WMeacher E. L. Berkhampftead, Herts, brandy merchant. (Reardon and Co, Corbett court, Gracechurch ftreet Meacher I. Newport Pagnell, Bucks, brewer. (Gere » . Yard, Olney Mercer T. Billinghurft, brewer. (Sweet and Stckesy _ Temple Millard £. Durfley, Glouceiterfhire, innholder. (Hill, Durftey Morris Ww. Gracechurch @reet, victualler, (Cocker, Nafiau Mreet, Soho Morris J. Gracechurch ftreet, cheefemonger. (Bicknell, Southampton buildings, Hulborn - Murray W. Pall Mall court, Pall Mall, tailor, (Richard- fois, New Inn Bewport W. jun, King’s roads Gray’s inn lane, coach- maker, (Wright, Hyde freet, Bloomsbury e Wuttall }. Manchefer, dealer in twit and weft. (Ellis, Chancery lave Oldham ‘t. Rupert @reet, Haymarket, painter. (John- fon, Charlotte Rreet, Pirzroy fquare "Oram J. Cricklade, Vilts, cheefemonger. (Thompfony . Cirencefter @verton P, Windirill Rreet, victualler, (Jones, Millman place, Bedfard row . past W. Laurenny, Pembroke, foap boiler. (Hurd, emple Park G. North Shields, Northumberland, anchor fmith. (Bell and €rodrick, Cheapfide Parks T. Picketing: York, innkeepers (Morton, Grays inn iquare ’ Parry J. Quality court, Chancery lane, fcrivener, (Duff, Thavies ina Pafley H, St. dMartin’s court, St. Martin’s lane, Jeweller. (Tarner and Pike, Gray’s inn ‘ ‘Phillips M. Brighton, vintner, (Attree, Brighton Pitman J.. North Barrow, Somertet, cheefemonger. *_ (Bawden, Chard ‘ Pitc H. Dudley, Worcefter, innkeeper. (Anftice and ‘ Cox, Inner Temple Forter N Birmingham, factor. ‘Temple Prettyman W. Whitechapel, cooper, ‘ Mincing fane Full J. Norwich, vittualler. (Marih, Norwich Pufkifton S. Swinton ftrect, Gray's inn lane, chemift. (Stevenfon, New Square, Lincoln's ivn Quinclet C. Liverpool, broker (V enon Stone (Bulton and Jennings, (Noy and Pope, Ray I. Upper Thames treet, ftationer, (Hall and Drake. Salter’s hill, Cannon ftreet Ridgway S. Eccles. Cauas Tires paititer. (Foulks and Crefiwell, Mancheiter Routhan W, Mouton, ELitcoln, grocer. Bonoer, Spalding Rowlanéfon VY. and J. Rates, Cheapfide, merchants, (Nind, Throgmorton itreer Rugeley 8. St. lve, Huntingdon, draper. inn {quare Sartzin J. Horfeferry roac, builder. Abingdon Greet Schaideld J» Rochdale, fhopkeeper. dale Secar Ss St. James’s ftreet, confectioner- CDalftun, Took’s couft, Curfitor treet : Bherood C. Brighton, victualler, [Wilde and Knight, , Cattle fireer, Fa'con fquare ‘ Bhewen E. Vhreadneedie ftreet, cofee houfe keeper. Allen, New Bridge Breet, Blackfriars Smith T. Oxford, linen draper. [ Walth, Oxford Smith J. Bridgwater fguare, lapidary. [ Pitman, Newe- mah treet, Oxford {treet mith R. Hedon, York, yrocer. (Codd, Hull sparks J. Suckingham ftreet, Strand, (Howard, St Martin's lane Brephens J. Joiner’s Hali Buildings. > Bartiert’s buildings, Hoiborn $rone R. Clifton, Gloucefter, dealer. (Focr and (Lyon, Gray’s CMinfhull and Veal, {Ferrand, Roche feriyener. Lowen and Hicks, / (Jacobse, Briftol Steric W- Warwick ftreet, Charing Crofs, tailor. [Tay - Jor, Fore lireet, Cripplegate ' @emmers W. Frome Budden W. and H, Pyefinch, Friday ftreet, grocers, June 76 Bull T, Wadhurft, suffexy thopkeeper, -june 22 rn Buil J., W. Banks, and G. Bryfun, King ftreety Cheapfide, wholefale linen drapers July 13 ‘ ‘ Bunn Ss, Cire Charloe ftreet, Blackfriars read, merchant, une | : Burbidge W. Cannon Greet, umbrella manufadurer, July 26 Cahning H. Broad treet, merchant, July 13 - Capes W. Gainsburgh, Lincoln, merter. July 7 Carr G. and J. Sheffield, grocers, July 3 Carter J. Bithopfgate ftreet Without,.merchant, June 1§ Chambers E. Wateringbury, Kent, dhopkeeper. July 6 Chambers R. Newcaitle upon ‘Tyne, iron: eT, July 22 . Chamicy 7. Liverpool, earthenware dealer, July 8 Child R. Darlington, fellmonger, july 3 9 Chinnery F. Cranbourn paflage, Leicefter arapery June 22 . : ——- J. and C. Price, Pickett ftreet, cheefemongere, wae 24 ae Clowes J. Birminghani, jeweler, Dene a6 p me , . [ Baynton, Briftol [Sykes and Knowles, (Hines, Bithop~ {Taylors (Atkitte thopkeepere [Briges, Effex: ftreet, fquare, linea Coften ‘ 4811. @ofen A. Kinghon, tronmonger, July 9 Collins A. Miie-end road, thin owner, july 20 Colwill C. Leicette: {q .are, cabinet maker, july 6 Coufe s J. Bread frieéiy merchant, Juae 25 €ox W. Birmingham, grocer, June 22 Crampton W. Beckingham, Notts, horfe dealer, July 6 Crawford T, and W. Poplar, Rone mafo's, May 25 €rosbie W. jun, and j. Greenwood, Liverpool merchants, July 10 Grof:ley J. Halifax, and King ftreet, London, merchant, + June 25 Cummins J. Liverpool], fhoemaker. July 5 " “Dawes Te Ww. Neple R.A. Croft, and R. Barwiok; Pall Mal). bankers, June 8 Beal J. T. Shaftesbury, Dorfet, brewer, July 9 De Souza Pinto T, Moorfields, merchant, June 8 . Bipewali P. Ludgate hill. gracer, June 29 4 ngworth J. and T. Amer, Grove ftreet, Commercial road, b ilders, Juneas Dougan’ T. Bread fireers warehoufeman, June 8 7 Duncans W, hatched Hovfe court, St. James’s ftreet, working jeweller, July 13 Dunn J. and C. Rodertion, Wood ftreet, fattorS, June 25 Warnhaw R. Manchefter, cotton merchant, July § Ellis W. Dove row, Hackney fields, carpenter, Jdne 22% Emdin aA. G. Portimouth. fhopkeeper, June 8 Byans 5. Wolverhampton, Stafford, carpenter, June 24 Fenton J. and G. Moure, Rotherhithe, fmiths, July 16 Franklin J. Uppingham, Rutland, mercer, June 18 Preemantie J., J. Brardop, and J. Defurmeaux, Gofwell treet, iron founders, June 4 Gamon J. Wateringbury, Kent, innkeeper, June 18 Gamfon J. Kingfland road, fax dreffer, July 13 Gardner T. Shoreditch haverdafher, June 18 Gedee W. Leicefter fquare, linen draper, June sg Gibfon R. Leicefter ftreer, June 29 Goff M. Wandiworth, millwvight, July. 9 ummer W. P. Bridporty Dorit, twine ipinner, June 17 Sinn W. Halifax, grocer, June 19 : Hat W, and W. Aut, Cow crofs, brafs founders, Juneas Hambly W. Falmouth, merchant, July 6 Hancock W. Sheffield, grocery 1 ene 17 Rating T. Lock’s @elds, Surry, dealer inwine, June 2z jarriott T. Bifhopfgate ftreet, chinaman, July 9 seniey T. Abbey place, carpenter, June 18 Herritz J. Limehoufe, timber merchant. June 18 Rerbert T. Bernard fireet, Ruifell {quare, merchant, June 79 ue T. Dowgate hill, cotton merchant, July 16 lerbert T. Arundel ftreet. merchant, July 6 Fens H. Lambeth road, merchant, June 5 itchop W. st. Peter’s hill, Doctor’ Commons, whalebone merchant, May 28 lodges T. Warehorn, Kent, dealer, July 24 eg J. St. Leoward, Devun, meichant, Juiy4 Relves J. Cheapfide, haberdafher, Juiy.13 ollingdale W. Riverhead, Kent, iinen drapery June 22 Hook J. Bermiondity, New road, victualler, July 2 Hopkins T. J. Chigwell, £i:x, common brewer,.jane 1¢ Hollyman S. Calne, Wits, victualler, July 4 pane Rs Croydon, liven draper. June’ oyland C. Warrington, druggifts Juy 9 Hughes j. F. Wigmore ftreet, Book felier, Noy. 2 Muse J Bath, bookf=jler, June 10 Hunt 8. Brighton builder, July 2 stchins G. Andover, Hats, victualler, June 24 utchinfon J. Lamb’s Cunduit ftreet, tea d-aler, july 4 gis J. Billiter fquare, merchant. june 15 ackfon G. Tottenham court, oi] and colourman, july 13 ackfon W..R. Taylor, and J. Peafe, Newcaftle upon Tyne, oilmen, June 16 jahnfion J. Maidftone, woolien draper, june is Jones C, and B Loadsman, Sheffield, druggifts, june 18 orden T. Bath. lines draper jyly 21 eeling E. Hanley, Stafford, potter, june -§ ‘Kopp F. C. Garden row, cutler, june ig Lanidown T. Wivelifcombe, clothicr, june 17 Lawten J. fe. agd jun. and J. Lawten, Afhton under ") Lyne, Lancatie’s cotton manufacturersy june 10 Wax T. Halifax, York, merchaur, july 16 Lee S. BirchiPane. merchant, july Lee G. sunning hit] Berks, june 3 LetdeS, Great Maffiggham. Norfolk, miller, june 2G Lewis BE. Cardiff, Glamorgan, grocer, july 6 Like J. Old Brompton, builder, juy 2 Uloyd J. Live rpeo!, b ewer, juse 13 Lontdaie J. Newlon, Northumberland, corufafor, june 1§ orcock ‘i. Sittingboutn, woolJen draper, july 6 uckhurit T. Canterbury, araper, june 15 sumley T. Ramfgtte, jeweller, june 25 lackenzie A. 'Mincing lane, wine taerchant june 22 ackenzie J. Old City Chambers, Bithopfgate ftreet, mer- charit, july9 lac cod T. H. Tokenhoufe yard, merchant, june 15 akeham J. Upper Thames ttrest, cheefemonger, june 75 ankin T. Pecks, coalfacter, july 6 . Marfden 7. Rocneiier, linen arapers june 25 arth C. Wolverhampton, Stafford, grocer, june 24 “Marfa C, Lite Revcutage fixeet, fail maker, july 16 Alphabeticdl List of Dividends. 561 Matthews W. Stone Stafford, and J, Plallipsy Liverpool, hoot aod fhoe makers, june 14 ; Meek &. Crofs Keys yard, Bermondfey, paper aad reg mere chabt, june 1 ; Miller W. jun. Liverpool, tailor, june 19 Morhalt T. Chefter and Shrewsbury, banker, jun@2g Morris R. Lyng, Somerfet. cattle dealer, junc 5@ Murphy G. Bread ftreet, calico printer, june 29 Neifon W.C. Fetwr lane, wine merchant, june 1a Newman A. Frith fireet, printer, jine 29 Aicholls W. Piccadilly, linen draper, june 15 : Nicholfon F. High ftreet, St. Giles’s, bookfeller, june# Ogden C. Hawarth, York, worred manufacturer, july 12 O'Neill T. Albion ftreet, surry, july 6 Oram Jj. High {treet, Southwark, Cheefemonger, july 3 Palmer T. Briftal, jeweller, july 1 : Pearfon G. Friday {treet, warehoufeman, july 2 Pepper J. W. Deal, burcher. juné 25 ° Poili,s %. Hay, Brecon, fthopkeeper july 4 Phillips J. €. Bank houfe, Keighiey, York, cotton Spinner, . july. 9 ’ Piggott T, Rotherhithe, common brewer, june 11 Polley’). New Bond ftreet, furniture priater, july 13 Porter 5. Chefham, mealman, jly 30 i Potter J. Kenfi gtony furgeon, june it Poulton C. Reading cabinet maker, july & Prance G. Swanfva, linen draper, juwe .9 Price C. strand, umbrella maker, june 13 Profler J. Sloave ftreet, grocer, june 22 iy Pryon A, A. St. Columb, Cornwall, mercer, july € Rayuler A. Unien place, City road, deaier, june az Reed W. Drury lane, apothecary, july 3° Rideout T. Manchéfter, merchant, july 12 Robin fon W. Manchefter, cotton fpinnery june 19 Rolfe W. Lower Edmonton, victvaller, june 29 Rowton W. and F. Morhall, Chefter, bankers, june 25 Sanders R. Croydon, cow keeper, july 30 Sargent D. Southwark, Bri ifh wine merchant, june 18 Sault W. South Molton ftreet, Hanover fquars, callenderet, june 05 ‘Shevill W. Burrftreer, Wapping, dealer, May 28 Siméon S.A, Briftol, lace merchant, june s2 Simmons 7. Lamberhurft, Kent, thopkeeper, june 22 Smith J. and J. Birmingham, linen dvapers, june 24 Smith W. Cheapfide, warehoufeman, july 2 = Southcombe T. Great Queen fireét, Lincoln’s inn fields, enchant, june s :" Stephens J. Yeovil, Somerfet, gardener, june 26 Stewart A.. Broad ftreet, Ratcliff, hoop binder, july @ Stockley J. Banbury, fhopkeeper, july 18 StinchCombe W, Briftol. cabinet maker, june 12 Surack W. Pancras lane, merchant, july 20 Stroud B, Poole, lien draper, june 28 Suddones J. Wood rect, hofter, july 6 Swan, FJ. Wapping Wall, block maker, june 15 Tavkard J. and R. Birmingham, factors, june 28 Taylor T. Great Totham, Effex, grecer, junc 2a Thomas H, L. Throgmorton fircet, infurance brokerg june 2 " * aphaearaaw Cadizy merchant, july 2 ee ‘Tooke F. and A. Todd, wine merchants, july 13 ‘Townfend Es Maiden jane, wine merchant, july 6 ‘Troutbeck C. Rathbone place, upholfterer, june 1s “Trow R. fen. Gray’s innlane, cow keeper, june 22 ‘Trueman T. Bury fireet, mattrefs maker, june 22 Veale O, and R. Parions, Baruitaple, Deyon, brandy mej chant, july 6 en oa _C» B. Gray’s Inn Coffee-noufe, merchant, une ts Vorley R. Ke Thrapiton, Northamptonfhire, thopkeeper, june 22 Wascling E. Clare, Suffolk, brewer, july 6 Walker ). Brittol, falt merchant, july { Waiker 5. Bull-wharf lane, Queenhithe, hoop bender, june 18 wer R, King’s road, Cheiiea, India rubber manufacturer, une 19 Walter B. New Romney, Kent, grazier, june 13 Warwick }. Long Buckby, Northampton, tailor, june 2& Watkins ‘I’. Plymouth Dock, tavern keepers june 27 Watmough J. Liverpool, ironmonger, july 2 Webb T. Hereford, flax dreffer, june 19 ‘ Webb F Baltol, linen draper, july 18 Wellings T. Church lane, Whitechapel, painter, july 1$ Whittam L. Newportanarket, potatoe merchant, june 1& Wicker F. Sandhurit, ent, linen draper, june 8 Wikinfun T. and J. Wighton, Cateaton ftreet, draper, june ag Williams W. Balmouth, grocer, july9 ' Wilfon J. Beak street, Golden tquare, mes mercer, june Wilfun W. Fenchurch treet, merchant, july 30 ‘ ¥ Winter W« Pewley, Wilts, shopkeeper, july 16 Woud J, Lindfie d, Suffex, victualler, june 15 Woodward J. Derby, lace manufacturer, june 3. 3 a aud J. Bacon, St. Mary at Hill, merchanty uly dogury gy Gres Pre{cot Rreety Goodman’s fields, merchayty june li, 7 4 woolla: STATE, : Sats, ACERS Bh STATE OF PUBLIC [uly te AFFAIRS IN JUNE. Containing official Papers and authentic Documents. _ a SPAIN AND PORTUGAL. 4 ‘Copy of a dispatch from Lieutenant- general. Lord Viscount Wellington, dated Quinta de Gramicho, 30th May. We invested Badajoz on the 25th inst. on @he right of the Guadiana, and, the ordnance and stores for the siege having been brought forward, we broke ground last night. The enemy have retired their main body upon Lle- rena, and hold the advanced post of their ca- valry at Usagte. I inclose the copy of the report of Major-general the Honourable Wm. Lumley, of a very galtant affuir of the cavalry near that place on the 25th. The Major-ge- neral has reported that he received very great assistance from Major Holmes, of the 3d dra- goon guards, who was acting in the depart- ment of the adjutant-general, and from Lieu- wenant Heathcote, of the royal dragoons, who qas acting in the department of the quarter- master-general, as well as from the officers mentioned in this report. Camp near Usagre, 2 a.m. May 26. _ Ssx,--Having driven the enemy’s rear guard from Usagre, Loccupied that post on the night of the 24th, by placing the Spanish troops in front of the town, with their Tiradores well Jn advance towards the enemy, and the Por- tugnese and British cavalry, with the four six-pounders, in rear of the place; a small brook, hollow and deep ravine, and narrow éefile being on this side of the town. About six o’clock yesterday morning it was reported to me, ‘that the enemy’s cavalry were advan- cing in force, and that there was reason to be~ lieve they were accompanied by artillery and infantry. Conceiving reports might exag~- werate the fact, and not wishing to yield tlie post to infetior numbers, the 13th light, dra- goons and Colonel Otway’s Portuguese brigade of cavalry. were ordered across the ravine to the left of the town, through the narrow fords @nd passes which had-been previously recon- noitred, and Brigadier-general Madden’s bri- gade of Portuguese cavalry in like manner to the right, with orders to retire by the same passes if necessary; the heavy brigade of British, with the guns, being still in reserve behind the téwn. Upon the nearer approach of the enemy, it was evident they were ad- wancing with the whole of their cavalry, and five or six heavy guns (eight.poundets), This being ascertained, and, upon opening their first ‘gun, the line was ordered to retire, which they did slowly, in excellent order, and with- out loss; the Spanish troops filing on the main road through the town, which, had been left open for them, ~ A smart cannonade now commenced from the opposite heights, the @uperiority of numbers and weight of metal decidedly in favour of the enemy; but the ; euperior skill and well-directed aim ef Cap- gin Lefevre and his corps, with only four six= pounders, was most pre-eminently conspi= cuous. The enemy now committed a most daring attempt, or rather an error, for which they were severely punished. In spite of two of our guns, which bore directly fora few paces on the road, three of their chosen regi- ments, 4th, 20th, and 26th, dashed through the town, and formed rapidly on the flank of the 3d dragoon guards, which corps, concealed by a small hill, I verity believe they did not see, and in front of the 4th dragoons; theme selves presenting two fronts. A charge of the 3d dragoon guards, was at this time ore dered on the right, and a simultaneous move- ment of the 4th dragoons, directed most judi- ciously by Brigadier-general Long, at the same moment on the left, where I had ree quested him to remain, decided the point.—« The enemy wavered hetore our cavalry reached them ; but almost in the same instant they were overturned, and apparently annihilated. The affair took place so near the brook and bridge, which immediately leads into the town, and which I had forbid the cavalry to enter, that it was impossible for them to pur~ sue 5 it is difficult therefore to decide upon the enemy’s less; many, severely wounded, escaped through the town, others threw them- selves off their horses, and escaped over the brook and through gardens; but, besides 78 prisoners, 29 lay dead on the spot; many were also observed Jying dead on the bridge and in the first street ; anda peasant reports, that from S30 to 50 were sent off wounded to their rear on horses and cars. I must not omit to state, that a portion of the Count de Penne Villamur’s Spanish cavalry gallantly supported the charge on the left of the Sd dragoon guards, as I am informed Brigadier- general Madden’s brigade did on the right 3 but the dust caused by the charge was so great, I was myself unable to observe on that flank. Iam positively assured from the re- port of the prisoners, that the enemy had 13 regiments of cavalry in the field, which, though not exceeding‘from 2 to 300, men each, gave them 6o great a superiority over the force under my orders, composed of three nae tions, many of them as yet but little knowa to each other in cavalry movements, that I feel fully justified in not placing a deep ravine and defile in my rear, and attempting to de- fend the town, which is only ¢efensible by infantry, from an attack on the other side. T have the peculiar satisfaction to add, that the advantage gained has been almost blood- less on our part, although occasionally for a few seconds, of necessity exposed to the range of artillery and a charge made against a corps elite of the enemy, who, onthe other hand, visibly suffered from our artillery, in addition to those lost in the charge. (Here General Lumley returns his ace knowledgmeata. °1811.] knowledgments to Brigadier-general Long, \ Brigadier-general Loy (commanding the Span- ish cavalry), Brigadier-general Madden, Colonel De Grey, Colonel Otway, Colonel Lord Edward Somerset, and to Captain Le- fevre.] , The advantage gained will not only, In some degree, lessen the enemy’s superior ca- valry, but will, I trust, still further tend to render him fearful and timid in all his movements. s Iam, &c. W. LUMLEY, Major-general. FRANCE, f Bonaparte’s Speech upon opening the Legislative Body, on-the 16th inst, is as’ follows. “ ‘Gentlemen Deputies of Departments to the Legislative Body,—The peace concluded with the Emperor of Austria has been since cemented by the happy alliance I have con- tracted: the birth of the King of Rome has fulfilled my wishes, and satisfies my people with respect to the future, The affairs of religion have been too often mixed and sacri- . ficed to the interests of a state of the 3d or. “der. If half Europe has separated from the Church of Rome, we may attribute it especi- ally to the contradiction which has never ceased to exist between the truths andthe prin- ciples of religion which belong to the whole universe, and the pretensions and interests which regarded only a very small corner of italy. I have put an end to this scandal for “ever. I have united Rome to the Empire. I have given palaces to the popes at Rome and at Paris: if they have at heart the interests of religion, they will often sojourn in the centre of the affairs of christianity. It was thus that St. Peter preferred Rome to an abode even in the Holy Land. “© Holland has been united to the Empire; © she is but an emanation of it: without her the Empire would not be complete. “© The principles adopted by the English government not to recognize the neutrality of any flag, have obliged me to possess myself of the mouths of the Ems, the Weser, and the Elbe ; and have rendered an interior com. munication with the Baltic indispensable to me. It is not my territory that I wished to increase, but my maritime means. America is making efforts to cause the freedom of her fiag to be recognized; I will second her.— The King of Spain is come to assist at this Jast solemnity. I have given him all that was necessary and proper to unite the interests and hearts of the different people of his pro- winces. Since 1800, the greater part of the @trong places in Spain have been taken after memorable sieges. The insurgents have been beat in a great number of pitched battles. England has felt that this was approaching its (yemigation, and that intrigues and gold were State of Public Affairs in June. 568 no longer sufficient to nourish it: she found herself, therefore, obliged to change the na- ture of it, and from an auxiliary she is become a principal. All she has of troops of the line have been sent into the Peninsula. Enge land, Scotland, and Ireland, are drained. Enge lish blood has at length flowed in torrents, ia several actions gloriews to the French arms.— This conflict against Carthage, which seemed as if it would be decided in fields of battle, on the ocean, or beyond the seas, will hence forth be decided in the plains of Spain! When England shall be exhausted, when she shall-at last have felt the evils which for twenty years she has with so much cruelty poured upon the Continent, when half her families shall be in mourning, then shall a peal of thunder put am end to the affairs of the Peninsula, the destinies of her armies, and avenge Europe and Asja by finishing this second Punic war.” GREAT BRITAIN, On the 10th instant the Prince Regent reviewed the olunteers of the metre~ polis, 20,000 in nuniber, and nearly 10,000 regulars, on Wimbledon Com- mon, On the 19th the Prince Regent gave a magnificent {aie to 3000 persons at Carl~ ton House, in honour of his father’s birth day. It had been deferred from the 4th on account of increased symptoms of his disorder, in which, however, he is somewhat amended, Tn the Houses of Parliament, interest- ing debates have taken place, relative to many Subjects of the deepest interest to the rights and liberties of the people. A temporary Insolvent Billhas been cars ried by the great exertions of the Earl of Meira; but various important motions relative to parliamentary reform, special juries, severe sentences, military flogging, and capital punishments, moved and are gued by Sir Samuel Romilly, Sir Francis Burdett, Lord Folkestone, Mr. Brand, and Mr, Whitbread, with extraordinary eloquence, have been rejected by large ministerial majorities, The times continue to be distinguished by the most poignant sufferings of ruined merchants, manufacturers, and work- men, of almost every description, and the periodical number of bankruptcies seems now permanently to quadruple what was ever experienced in any former period. Still money has been borrowed by Government, and the minister assures the Parliament that the country is ina @ourishing condition ! NATIONAL (864 State of Public Affairs in June. NATIONAL DEBT. of the Funded Debt, on the 5th of Fanuary, 1814. Unredecmed, [July Ty Ainount of the capital Great Brivain £742,259,101 19 52 Redeemed by the Sinking > 195,576,405 16 9 Fund, é&e. — £545,662,698 2 8% Jréland.....--- 61,274,250 0 O Redecttied 22-2 77799682 8 O - etait 2 — 55,544,568 0 @_ Imperial.....- 7,502,653 0 8 Redeemed .... 1,192,089 0 0 —_—--— — 6,380,544 0 $ Portuguese... 795,592 7 9 Redeemed .--- 67,;205' 0 O ‘ ee 998,517 Tare Capital stock funded and unredeemed i Unfunded Debt on the Sth of Fanuary, 1611. . Exchequer bills £ 38,286,300 0 0 Navy debt .--. 7,595,858 11 5% Ordnance debt -. 1,089,411 11 2 ~~ £606,415,127 17 A £ 46,971,580 2 7% ———» Total of the public debt unredeemed £653,387,707 19 93 Aa account of the Reduction of the ee gs Aon the Ast of August, 1786, to the ist oft ay, 1811. Redeemed by the’sinking fund ..... - £175,542,305 Transferred by Jand tax redeemed .... 25,782,944 Ditto by annuities purchased .....-.. 1,380,562 On account of Great Britain -.-..--. 200,705,812 Ditto of Ireland ~-..~+-----+.------ 8,054,000 Pitto-of imperial loan ~-....----,- 1,162,116 Pitto of loan to Portugal ..-..---.- 67,205 eth Sei Pel ee a nian at eat £209,989, 133 She sum to be expended in the ensuing quarter is £3,276,230 4s, 14d, Dorwning-strect, Fue 2%, 181}. Dispatches of which the following are extracts, have been this day received by the Rarl of Liverpool, addressed to his Lordship by Lieutenant-general Viscount Wellington, dated Elvas, May 22, sit. On the night of the 15th instant, I ree ceived from Marshal Sir William Beresford, $etters of the 12th and 15th instant, which veported Marshal Soult had broken'up from Seville about the 10th, and had advanced to- wards Estremadura, notwithstanding the re- ports which had been previously received that he wes busily occupied in strengthening Se- -wille, and the approaches to that city by works; and that all -his measures indicated tn intention to remain on the defensive in Andalusia. { therefore set out on the following morn- “Jng from Villa Fermosa ; and, having received further information of the 14th, from Sir William Beresford, of the enemy's move- ground. n 5 ments, I hastened my progress, and arrived here on the 19th, and found that Sir William Beresford had raised the siege of Badajoz, without the loss of ordnance or stores of any description; and collected the troops under his command, and had formed a junction with Generals Castanos and Blake at Albuera, is the course of the 14th instant. He was attacked thereon the 16th by the French army under the commund of Marshal Soult ; and, after a, most severe engapementy in which all thé troops conducted themselves in the mestgallant manner, Sir William:Be- resford gained the victory. The enemy re tired in the night of the 17th, leaving be- tween 900 and 1000 wounted on the ‘ Sir William Beresford sent the allied cay valry after them; and .on the 19th, in thé morning, reinvested Batajoz. . I enciose reports of Sir William Beresford, of the 16ch and 18th instant, on the opera’ tions of the siege to the moment of raising it, and on the battle at Albuera; and I beg to draw your lordship’s attention to the abi- hry - 1811.) lity, the firmness, and the gallantry, mani- fested by Marshal Sir William Beresford, throughout the trangactions ou which he has written. I will add nothing to what he has said of the conduct of ail the officers and troops, excepting to express my admiration of it, and my cordial concurrence in the fa- Yourable reports by Sir William Beresford, of the good conduct of all. All has remained quiet in Castile since I @uitted that part of the country. The battalions of the 9th corps, belonging to regiments serving in the corps @ Armée ia Andalusia, had marched from Salamanca on or about the 15th, and went lowards Avila, and were to come by Madrid. I send this dispatch by Major Lieutenant- @olonel Arbuthnot, the Secretary ot Marshal Sir William Beresford, who was present in the battle of Albuera, and can give your lordship any further information you can re- quire; and I beg leave to recommend him to your lordship. Extract of a letter from Marshal Be- resfurd to Lord Wellington, dated Al- _ buera, May 16, 1811. In conformity to your Jordship’s instruc- @ions given to me on the 24th ultimo, in con- sequence of the then state of the weather, and our means of comimunicatien across the Guadiana having been destroyed by thesudden flooding of that river, and leaving my cavalry in Zafra, Los Santos, ‘and Villa Franca, I ‘placed the infantry with its head at Almen- dralejo, Azuechal, and Villa Alva, where were the divisions of Major-general the Hon. William Stewart, and Major-general Ha- milton; and the Hon. Major general Cole’s division with “Brigadier-generel Macden’s brigade of cavalry in Merida, the infantry “brigade of it commanded by Brigadier-general Kemmis, and that’ was intended for the attack of Fort Saint Cristoval, at Montejo, and the light brigade German Legion under Major- general Baron Alten, at Talavera Real, leaving the ‘light battelion L.L. Legion in Olivenca, during the period of waiting the fall of the water of the Guadiana, and the re- establichment of our bridge, it being of con- siderable importance to push the enemy from us as far as possible during the siege, as he dad On onr obliging him-to retire from Lle- vena to Guadalcanal held the latter place. J directed a small column of ¥000 men, composed of the st brigade Yd division, un- @er the command of Lieutenant colonel Col- _ borie, with two squadrons of cavalry and two Spanish four-puunders, to proceed from Almendralejo by Ribera and Maguilla, to Azuaga, to threaten his right, sending at ‘The'sume time four squadrons of cavalry trom Biigadier-general Long, at Villa Franca, to ’ Licrena,. to support the Count de Penne Vil- Jamut, who wee then with the “Spanish ca- valsyof General Castanos corps, to make - hjm fear an wtcack in, front, aad Geberal aes] kal State of Public Affairs tn June 568 Ballasteros went from Monasterio to Monte- molin to threaten his Jeft. ‘These mancu- vres had the desired effect; as soonas the enemy saw the advance of Lieutenant-coloned Colborne, near Azuaga, where he had 500 infantry and 300 cavalry, he abandoned pres cipitately the place, and retired to Guadal- canal, which place the General Latour Mau- bosrg, with the 5th corps, quitted in two hours after the 'arrival of this detachment, and at eleven o’clock at night, retired neas to Constantino, Lieutenant-colonel Cole borne performed this service in a most judi cious and handsome manner. The weather having beensometime fine, ané the waters of the Guadianahaying subsided, and our preparatioas having by Lieutenant- colone’ Fletcher’s activity been nearly completed for the siege of Badajoz, onthe 3d of May i sent three brigades of infancry, a hrigade of six-pounders, and two squadrons of cavalry, under the erders of Major-general the Hon, ‘William Stewart, to. invest more close Bada- joz, on the south of the river, which he pere formed, with his usual zeal and attention, on the 4th. On the Gth instant, I directed the march of the remaining divisions on Badajoz one by Albuera, the other by Talavera, leaying the cavalry as before placed. Qa the 7th I came before Badajoz with these di- visions. General Castanos furnished also t@ co-operate in the siege 2000 men, under the command of Brigadier Don Carlos D’Espagne, On the 8th I directed the brigade of Brigzae dier-general Kemmis, which had been pre- viously placed on the Chebora, to proceed to the Torre of St. Ingracia, about two mileg from Badajoz, on the Campo Major Road, and to be joined there by the 17th Portuguese regiment, two squadrons of cavalry, and four six-pounders from Elvas; the force to meet at three o’clock in the morning, and the whole to be placed under the orders of the Hon. Major general Lumley, to invest the north side, and to attack Fort St. Cristoval. By some accident to the bearer of the orders to Brigadier-general Kemmis, ‘the officer did not arrive at his post till mine o'clock, the Hon. Major-general Lumley on the approach of the light companies of the brigade, advan cing towards the town, with the force he brought from Elvas, the garrison made asore tie upon it, but was immediately drove back, and the grenadiers of the 17th regiment pare ticularly distinguished themselves by charging the enemy, headed by Colonel Turner. : On the 8th, Lieutenant. colonel Fletchers to protect the further approaches, constructed batreriee against the Pardalleiras aud Pique- rino, on the heights, commanding them, though at~a considerable distance; and Cap- _tain Squire, whom the lieutenant-colonel had sent to superintend the works intended to be erected against Saint Cristoval, began his operations on the 8th. “The breaking ground an that side immediately caused great jealousy, to the enemy, and he opposed it bya most heavy fire of shot and shell, and, on the morning ot, 666 morning of the 10th, he made a sortie against the battery constructing, with about 1200 men, being within 500 yards of the place. He soon reached the battery, and, it having of the covering party allotted to it, only one light infantry company in it, the enemy got possession of it, but had it not for two mi- mutes, as the whole of the covering party that ‘was close to the battery on the slope of the hill, immediately seized their arms, and dreve the enemy back withconsiderable loss to him, but I regret to say ows on this occasion must have been considerably greater, from our troops having exposed themselves to the shot and shell of the town and Fort of Saint Cris- toval, and the musquetry from this latter. On the 12th I received information from General Blake, that Marshal Soult had left Seville on the 10th, and with the avowed in- tention of coming to Badajoz, his force stated to be 15900 men; and General Latour Maubourg had already again moved upon and occupied Guadalcanal and Llerena, from which places the Count de Penne Villamur had been obliged toretire. As General Blake had come down to Frejenal, and General Ballasteros from Monasterio had pushed his advances within a Jeague of Seville, L could not judge if this advance of Marshal Soult was merely to oblige these generals to retire, and leave him un- disturbed in Seville, or really as it was given out to be, againsc me, and with the object’ of raising the siege of Badajoz, and therefore continued my operations against the place, until the further advance of Soult should more clearly determine this point ; butin the middle of the nightI received information trom General Blake and other quarters, of the rapid advance of Marshal Soult, and which left_no doubt as to his intentions. I imme- diately sent to suspend operations against Ba- dajoz, and to commence to remove to Elvas eur guns and stores, which unfortunately had been nearly completed to what would have been wanted for the siege ; By great exertions of Lieutenant-colonel Fletcher, of the royal engineers, and Major Dixon of the artillery, every thing was re- moved onthe evening of the 15th. To Lieu- tenant-general Leité’s (the governor of the Province of Alemtejo) zeal and unwearied activity in whatever regards the service and welfare of his country, it is but just to say we are on all occasions much indebted; and particularly on this, in the getting together the transports necessary to us, and in furnish- ing and forwarding whatever else could be useful. I seize with pleasure this opportunity of giving to General Leité that praise which he has ever so fully merited. - I had been obliged, to cover the removal of the stores, &c. to leave the division of Ma- jor-general the Hon. G. L. Cole before Bada~ joz- Major-general Cole marched from before Badajoz to join the army here at two o'clock on the morning of the 16th, and arrived about half an hour before the enemy madg his attack, State of Public Affairs in June. [Joly I, I have, however, the satisfaction to inforne your lordship that the enemy cannot boast of having got a particle of our stores; they were all safely lodged in Elvas, and, with the exception of brigadier-general Kemmis’s brigade, which was on the north side of the Guadiana, our troops were all united on the morning of the 16th, to meet the attack ang oppose the march of Marshal Soult. My Lerp, Albuera, May 18, 1811. I have infinite satisfaction in communica- ting to your lordship, that the allied army united here under my orders, obtained on the 16th instant, after a most sanguinary contest, a complete victory over that of the enemy, commanded by Marshal Soult; and I shalt proceed to relate to your lordship the circum- stances. In a former report I have informed your lordship of the advance of Marshal Souit from Seville, and I had in consequence judged it wise, entirely to raise the siege of Badajoz, and prepare to meet him with our united forces, rather than by looking to two objects at once, to risk the loss of both. Marshal Soult, it appears, had been long straining every nerve to collect a force which he thought fully sufficient to his object for the relief of Badajoz, and for this purpose he had drawn considerable numbers from the corps of Marshal Victor and General Sebaétiani, and also I believe from the French army of the centre. Having thus completed his prepa= rations, he marched from Seville on the 10th instant, with a corps then estimated at 15 or 16,000 men, and was joined on descending into Estremadura by the corps under General Latour Maubourg, stated to be 5,000 men. His excellency General Blake, as soon as he learnt the advance of Marshal Soult, in strict conformity to the plan proposed by your lord- ship, proceeded to form his junction with the corps under my orders, and arrived at Val- verde in person on the 14th instant, where, having consulted with his excellency and Gey neral Castanos, it was determined to meet the enemy and give him battle. Qn finding the determination ef the enemy torclieve Badajow, I had broken up from before that place, and marched the infantry to the position in front of Valverde, except the di- vision of the Hon. Major-general G. L. Coley which, with 2,000 Spanish troops, i left to cover the removal of our stores. The cavalry which had, according to orders, fallen back as the enemy advanced, was joined at Santa Martha by the cavalry of General Blake; that of General Castanos under the Count de Penne Villamur, had been always with it. Asremaining at Valverde, though a stronger position, left Badajoz entirely open, I deter- mined to take up a position (such as could be get in this widely open country) at this place 5 thus standing directly between the enemy and Badajoz. ee The army wag therefore asacmbled here 8 1811.) on the 15th instant. The cerps of General Blake, though making a forced march to ef. fect it, only joined in the night, and could not be placed in its position till the morhing of the 16th instant, when General Cole’s di- vision, with the Spanish brigade under Don Carlos d’Espagne also joined, anda little be- fore the commencement of the action. Our cavalry had been forced on the morning of the 15th instant to retire from Santa Martha and joined here. In the afternoon of that day the enemy appeared in front of us, The Next morning our disposition for receiving the enemy was made, being formed in two lines, nearly parallel to the river Albuera, on the ridge of the gradual ascent rising from that river, and covering the roads to Badajoz and Valverde; though your lordship is aware that the whole face of this country is every where passable for all arms. General Blake’s corps was on the right, in two linés ; its left onthe Valverde Road, joined the right of Major- general the Hon. William Stewart’s division, the left of which reached the Badajoz Road ; where commenced the right of Major-general Hamilton’s division, which closed che left of the line. General Cole’s division, with one brigade of General Hamilton’s, formed the second line of the British and Portuguese army. : The enemy, on the morning of the 16th, did not long delay his attack ; at eight o’clock he was observed to be in movement, and his gavalry was seen passing the rivulet of Al- buers, considerably above our sight, and shortly after he marched out of the wood op- posite to us, a strong force of cavatry, and two heavy columns of infantry, pointing them to our front, as if to attack the village and bridge of Albuera; during this time, under cover of his vastly superior cavalry, he was filing the principal body of his infantry over the river beyond our right, and it was not long before his in-ention appeared to be to turn us by that flank, and cut us off from Valverde. Major-general Cole’s division was therefore order-d to form an oblique line to the rear of our right, with his own right thrown back, And the intention of the ene- my to attack our right becoming evident, I requested General Blake to form part of his first line, and all his second, to that front, which was done. The enemy commenced his attack at nine o'clock, not ceasing at the same time to me- nace our left; and «fter a strong and gallant Fesistance Of the Spanish troops,,he gained the heights upon which they had been formed ; meanwhile the division of the Hos. Major- general William Stewart, had been brought Up tosupport them; and that of Major gene- ral Hamilton brought to the left af the Spanish line, and formed in contiguous close columns of battalions, to be moveable in any direction. The Portuguese brigade of cavairy, under Brigadier-general Orway, remained at some » Moytury Maa. No, 214. State of Public Affairs in June. 577 distance on the left of this, to check any at= tempt of the enemy below the village. As the heights the enemy had gained, raked and entirely commanded our whole po-= sition, it became necessary to make every effort to retake and maintain them; and a noble one was made by the division of Gene- ral Stewart, headed by that gallant officer. Nearly at the beginning of the enemy’sattack, a heavy storm of rain came on, which, with the smoke from the firing, rendered it im- possible to discernany thing distinctly. This, with the nature of the ground, had been ex- tremely favourable to the enemy in forming his columns, and in his subsequent attack. The right brigade of General Stewart's di- vision, under Lieutenant-colonel Colborne, first came into action, and behaved in the most gallant manner, and finding that the enemy’s column could not be shaken by firey proceeded to attack it with the bayonet; and, while in the act of charging, a body of Po- lish lancers (cavalry) which the thickness of the atmosphere, and thenature of the ground, had concealed, (and which was, besides, mis- taken by those of the brigade, when disco- vered, for Spanish cavalry, and therefore not fired upon), turned it; and being thus ate tacked unexpectedly in thé rear, was unfore tunately broken and suffered immensely. The 31st regiment being the left one of the brie- gade, alone escaped this charge,’and undec the command of Major L’Estrange kept its ground, until the arrival of the Sd brigade, under Major-general Hoghton. Theconduct of this brigade was most conspicuously gal— lant, and that 2d brigade, under the com- mand of the Hon. Lieutenant-colonel Abcra crombie, was not less so, Major-general Hoghton, cheering on his brigade to the charge, fell pierced by wounds. Though the enemy’s principal attack was on this point of the right, he also made a continual attempe, upon that part of our original front at the village and bridge, which were defended in the rfost gallant manner by Major-general Baron Alten, and the light infantry brigade of the German Legion, whose conduct was, in every point of view, conspicuously good. This point now formed our left, and Major- general Hamilton’s division had been brought up there; and he was left to direct the defence of that point, whilst the enemy’s attack cons» tinued on our right, a considerable proportions of the Spanish troops supporting the defence of this place. The enemy’s cavalry, on his infantry attempting to force our right, had endeavoured to turn it; but by the able mae neuvres of Major-general the Hon. Willianz Lumley, commanding the allied cavalry though vastly inferior to that of the enemy, in number, his endeavours Were foiled. Maa jor-general Cole, seeing the attack of the enemy, very judiciously bringing up his left a little, marched in line to attack the enemy's left, and artived mosi Opportunely to con. trikuce 518 tribute, with the charges of the brigades of General Stewart's division, to force the enemy. to abandon his situation, and retire precipi- tately, and to take refuge under his reserve, here the fuzileer brigade particularly distin- guished itself. He was pursued by the allies to a considerable distance, and as far as I thought it prudent with his immense supe - riority of cavalry; and I contented myself with seeing him driven across the Albuera. 1 have every reason to speak favourably of the manner in which our artillery was served, and fought ; and Major Hartman command. ing the British, and Major Dickson com- manding the Portuguese, and the officers and men, are entitled tomy thanks. The four guns of the horse artillery commanded by. Captain Lefebure, did great execution on the enemy’s cavalry, and one brigade of Spanish artillery, the only one in the field, I saw equally gallantly and well served; we lost in the misfortune which occurred to the brigade commanded by Lieutenant-colonel Colborne (whom General Stewart reports to have acted, and was then acting, in a most noble manner, leading on the brigade in admirable order) one howitzer, which the enemy, before the arrival of the gallant general Hoghton’s bri- gade, had time ta catry off with 200 or 300 prisoners of that brigade. After he had been beaten from this, his principal attack, he still continued that near the village, on’ which he never could make any impression or cross the rivulet, though I had been obliged to bring 4 very great proportion of the troops’ from it, to support the principal point of ate, tack; but the enemy, seeing his main attack defeated, relaxed in his attempt there also. The Portuguese division of Major general Hamilton, in every instance evinced the ut- most steadiness and courage, and manccuvred equally well with the British. Brigadier-general Harvey’s Portuguese brigade, belonging to General Cole’s division, had an opportunity of distinguishing itself when maiching in lime across the plegn, by repulsing, wit the utmost steadiness, a charge ef the enemy’s cavalry. ! It is impossible to enumerate every instance of discipline and valour shewnon this severely~ contested day. more valiantly or more gloriously maintained the honour of their respective countries. I, hhave not been able to particularise the Spa- nish divisions, brigades, or regiments, that were particularly engaged, because I am ‘hot acquainted with their denominationsor names, but I have great pleasure in saying that their Behaviour was most gallant and honourable; and though from the superior number and weight ¢ the enemy’s force, that part of them thar were in the positionattacked, were _obliged-to cede the ground, it was after a, gallant resistance, and they continued in good order to support their allies; and I doubt not, his excellency General Blake will 5 State of Pubhe Afairsin Juneé, But never.were troops that, [July 1, do ample justice on this head, by making, honourable mention of the deserving. The battle commenced at nine o'clock, and. continued without interruption til two in the afternoon, when the enemy having been, driven over the Albuera, for the remainder, of the day there was but.cannonading and skirmishing. : mi lt is impossible by any description to do justice te the distinguished gallantry of the troops, but every individual most nobly did, his duty; and which will be well proved by, the great loss we have suffered, though re- pulsirg the enemy; and it was observed, that, our dead, particularly the 57th regiment, were lying, as they had fought, in ranks, and, every wound wasinthe front. . The Hon, Major. general William Stewart most particularly distinguished himself, and, conduced much to the honour of the day; he - received two contusions but would not quit the field. Major-general the Hon, G. Ly, Cole is also, entitled’ to every praise; and I, have to regret being deprived for some time of, his, services, by the wound he has received. The Hon. Lieutenant-colonel Abercrombie, commanding the 2d brigade, 2d division, and. Major L’Estrange, Sist regiment, deserve to be particularly mentioned; and nothing could exceed the conduct and gallantry of Colonel, Inglis, at the head of his regiment. Yo the Hon. Major-general William Lumley, for the, very able manner in which he opposed the numerous cavalry of the enemy, and foiled him in his object, I am particularly incebted. To Major-general Hamilton, who commanced on the lett during the severe attack upon our right, I am also much indebted ; andthe Por- tuguese brigade of Brigadier- generals, Fonseca, and Archibald Campbell, deserve to be mens, tioned. To Major-general Alten, and to the excellent brigade under his. orders, Ihave much praise to give; and it is with great, pleasure I assure your Lordship that the good: and gallant conduct of every corps, and of every person, wes in proportion to the oppor- tunity that offered for distinguishing them- selves. I know not an individual who did not do his duty. Thave, I fear, toregret the loss to the.ser- vice of Colonel Collins, commanding a Por- tuguese brigade, his leg having been carried off by a cannon-shot 3 he is an officer of greag, merit. And I deeply lament the death of Major-general Hoghton 3 and of those two, promising officers Licutenant-colonel Sir Wil-, liam Myers, and Lieutenant-colonel Duck, worth, 4 Ic is most pleasing to me to inform your Lordship, uot only of the steady and gallang, conduct of our allies, the Spanish troeps, un-, der his Excellency General Blake, but also to, assure you, that the most perfect harmony hag; , subsisted between us, and that General Blake, not only conformed in all things to the genes . raj line proposed by your Lordship, but in the; details, 1811.) . details, and in whatever I suggested to his Excellency, I received the most immediate -and cordial assent and co-operation , and no- thing was omitted on his part to ensure the “success of our united efforts; and, during the battle, he most essentially, by his experience, knowledge, and zeal, contributed to its fortu- Hate result. j His Excellency the Captain-general Casta- nos, who had united the troops he had in a ‘state to be brought into the field, to those of General Blake, and placed them under his or- ders, assisted in person im the field 5 and not only on this, but on all occasions, lam much indebted to General Castanos, who is ever beforehand in giving-whatever can be benefi- cial to the success of the common cause. Though I unfortunately cannot point out the corps of many of the individuals of the Spanish troops that distinguished themselves, yet Ll will not omit to mention the names of “General Vallesteros, whose gallantry was mostconspicuous, as of the corps he had un- der his command; and the same of Generals Zayas and of Don Carlos-D*Espagne. ©The Spanisicavairy have behaved extremely weil, and the Count de Penne Villamur is particu- darly deserving to be mentioned. I annex the return of our loss in this hard- contested day ; it is very severe, and in-ad- dition to it is the less of the troops under |.is Excellency General Blake, who are killed, missing, and wounded, but of Which I have not the return... The loss of the enemy, thovgh I cannot know what it is, must be stilly more severe» He has left on the field of battle about 2000 dead, and we have taken from 900 to 1009 prisoners. He has had five generals killed and wounded ; of the former, Generals of Division Werlé and Pesim 5 and Gazan and twe others “mongst the latter. His force was much more considerable than we had heen informed of, as I do not think he displayed less than from 20 to 225000 infan- try, and he certainly had 4000 cavalry, with a numerous and heavy artillery. © His over- bearing cavalry cramped and confined all our operations, and, with his artillery, saved his infentry, after its rout. He retired after the battle to the ground he had been previously on, but occupying it in position ; and, on this morning, or rather dur- ‘Ing the night, commenced his retreat on the road he came, towards Seville, and has aban- @oned Vadajgz toits fate. He beft a number of his wounded on the ground he had retired to, and which we are administering what as- sistance to we curl. I have sent our cavalry to follow the enemy, but in that arm he is too pee for us to attempt any thing against him in the plains he is trapersing, Thus we have reaped the advantage we prow posed from our opposition tothe attempts of the enemy ; and whilst he has been forced to abandon the object for which he has almost tripped Andalusia of troops, jnstead of hav~ & accomplished the haughty boasts with State of Public Affairs in June. 519 which Marshal Soult hartangued bis troops on leaving Seville; he returns there witha curtailed army, and, what perhaps may bestill more hurtful to him, with a diminished repu- tation. f In enumerating the services received from the officers of my own staff, I must particu- larly call your Lordship’s actention to those of Brigadier-general d’Urban, quarter-master general tothe Portuguese army ; and which I cannot sufficiently praise, though I can ap- ‘preciate. On all occasions I have felt the benefits of his talents and services, and more parti- colarly on-this, where they very essentially Contributed to the success of the day: and I cannot here omit the name of Lieutenants colonel Hardinge, deputy quarter-master-gene- ral to the Portuguese troops, whose talents and exertions deserve my thanks, To Bri- gadier-general Mozinho, adjutant-general of the Portuguese army, and to Lieutenant. colo- nel Rooke, assistant adjutant-general to the United British and Portuguese force, and to Brigadier- general Lemos, and to the officers of my own personal staff, 1 am indebted for their assistance, To the services of Lieutenant-colonel Ar- buthnot (major in his majesty’s service) Lam also much indebted, and le is the bearer of this to your Lordship, and is fully enabled to give you any further information you may desire, and is most eeserving of any favour your Lordship may be pleased to recommend him for, to his Royal Highness the Prince Regent. T have the honour to be, &c. (Signed) W.C. Berrsrorp, Marshal! and Lieut.-general, P.$. Major-general Hamilton’s division, and Brigadier-general Madden’s brigade of Portuguese cavalry march to-morrow morn- ing to re-invest Badajoz on the south side of Guadiana. W.C. B. Elvas, May 22, 1811. My Lorp,—I enclose a letter of the 2ist inst. whica 1 have received from Marshal Sir William Beresford, containing a letter from General Gazan to Marshal! Soult, which had been intercepted by some of our parties, P General Gazan, wounded himself, was marching with the wounded ; and from his account of those with him, from the account of those at Almendraleja, and those left on the ground at Albuera, from the numbers found dead on,the field, and the prisuners, the Marshal computes the enemy’s' loss not to fall short of 9000 men. 1 I have the honour tobe, &c. WELLINGTON, Camp near Albuera, 2\st May, 1811. My Lorpv,—I have the honour to tyanss mit to your Lordship the accompanying intére cepted letters of some importance; after the severe batrle we had, it is satisfactory to know that our calcwlations of the enemy’s loss were “2b Roy 580 not exaggerated, and you will see by General Gazan’s letter to Marshal Soult, that in killed and wounded it cannot de less than 8000 men: left dead on the field and taken, we have the knowledge of near 3000; General Gazan states that he has more than 4000 ‘wounded with him ; 320 were at Almedra- ‘Icjo, by the same letters. Gazan says many have died on the road, and which we know ‘youst have been the case, as itis in the few first days that the bad cases die in numbers, ‘and a precipitate retreat and want of conveni- ent carriage must increase the mortality; thus “we can scarcely calculate the loss of the ene- my from these data at less than 9000 men. Our adyance was close to Azuchal and Al- mendralejo, and I propose putting a strong column of infantry in march towards those places to-morrow morning, and shall accom- pany it. Ihave, &c. (Signed) . W.C. Beresrorn. (TRANSLATION.) Ribera, 19th May, 1811. Mowsreur rE MaRECHAL,—I have the honour to report to your Excellency, that I[ am justarrived with the whole of the column, which is infinitely more numerous than I could have believed. J am endeavouring to organize it, in order to avoid disasters, and particularly plunderjng, which would make us die of hunger, and which I fuund at the highest pitch this morning upon my arrival at Almendralejo. : I found upon my arrival here a letter from M. Le Normand to Major D’Aubersac. I an- nex it herewith, after having acquainted my- self with its contents, As I imagine that it ean be only the 9th corps which is at Alma~ Incidents in and near London. {July 1, taz, T write from hence to the Count d’Erlon, in order to induce him to hasten his march, and to join you. However, as it is also possi- ble that they may be troops belonging to tlie army of the centre, commanded by General D’ Armagnac, I write to him likewise, in order that he may muve towards you. I send an answer to Captain Le Normand, to intimate to him that he should currespond with your Excellency, Major D’Aubersac having rejoined the army: I have ordered him to collect a large convoy of provisions, and to accompany it to you, that it may the more securely reach you. ; The great heat will do a great deal of harm to our wounded, the numberef whom amounts to =:ore than 40005 especially as we have only five surgeons to dress them. Some have died upon the road; amongst them M. la Pierre, chef de bataillon of the 103d regi- ment. Tam still without any news of the Chef d’Escadron La Barthe; I shall have the ho- nour of informing you the very moment I shall have been.able to communicate with him. Spanish parties are at Los Santos and at Fuente del Maestro; and have appeared this morning at Almendralejo and Villa Fran- ca. They made enquiries at the latter place as to the march of our column ; and they give out that 400 horse anda strong column of infantry are to arrive to-day at Los'Santos; I do not give any credit to this movement, but at all events we shall see them, and I shall try to escape them, I beg your Excellenge to receive the as» surance of the sincere and respectful devotion with which I have the honour to be, (Signed) The General of Division, Gazan, ee INCIDENTS, MARRIAGES, anp DEATHS, ry axp wean LONDON: With Biographical Meinoirs of distinguished Characters recently deceased. a 77 HE governors of Qucen Ane’s bounty have come to the resolution of advancing the sum of 50,0001. for the purpose of as- aisting clergymen in the repairs of their pare sonage houses, to be repaid to the governors tn the manner prescribed by the Act, com- ynonly called Gilbert’s Act. May 18.—Twelve standards and colours taken from the enemy on different occasions, jncluding the French eagle taken by the 87th regiment at the battle of Barrosa, were car- yied with military ceremonies, from the perade in St. James’s park, to Whitehall chapel, and (leposited on each side of the altar. May 224.—-ia the morning, between three -and four o'ciock, she old established public- house, known by the sign of King Henry the fughth’s Head, Seven Dials, fell down with 2 most tremendous crash. Mr. Hastings, the jandlord, fis wife, his niece, and @ servant girl, escaped unhurt. The niece and servant, fortunately hearing some of the timbers fall- ing, got out of the garret window ; and craw|- ing along the parapet, escaped the danger, by tsking refuge in the adjoining house; an old man and a child were iound dead in the ruins; another man died while conveying to the hospital ; and four persons, lodgers, were taken to the hospital in a bruised state. out the sufferers, one young man was cut in the head with a spade, and js not expected to recover. ; : une 10.—The volunteers of the metro- polis, about 20,000 in number, were reviewed on Wimbledon-common by his Royal High- ness the Prince Regent. The troops from the west end of the towa began to move tor wards the ground about six o’cleck. Some of them went in the new military cars, which “ contain each twelve mien, and convey troops wilh On digging . 1811.] with great rapidity. Most of the city coras embarked in large boats, provided for the @ccasion, at so early an hour as three o'clock, and, taking advantage of the tide, ascended the river as far as Putney, whence they marched to their stations, About half-past ten the general line was ordered to be formed. Then was seen one of the finest sights possible; the extent of the heath, the beauty of the day, the fineness of the different regiments, the steadiness of their discipline, the exactness of their maneuvres, the assembled crowds reaching from one end of the common to the other, all made the spectacle such an one as can searcely be de- scribed in adequate terms. The whole of the troops were under the immediate com- mand of his Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge, as commander of the home dis- trict. They were drawn up in two lines of at least one mile and an half inextent. The Tight rested on Wimbledon-green, whence the line was continued the full Jength of the common to the South East; and the Jeft touched the road that leads across the common from London to Portsmouth, the Earl of Spencer’s park-wall being full in their front. The Prince arrived on the ground about twelve, accompanied by the Duke of York, who, on reaching the centre of the line, immediately took the command of the field, as Commander in Chief. The review then commenced, and was oven before five o'clock. The day was remarkably fine, aod the spectators were numerous beyond all for- mer example. It was supposed, that, inclu- ding the troups, there were at least 200,000 ersons on the ground, Fune 18.—About a quarter past eight in the morning, a fire broke out in the vil warehouses of Mr. Jones, in Bury street, Sr. Mary Axe, and.im 4 very short time every part of his extensive premises were in a blaze; so rapid were the flames, that nota particle of his property could “be saved. Owing toa total want of water, the fire con- tinued to rage with uninterrupted fury on the premises where ic began until near nine o'clock, by which time the houses on each tide were involved in the conflagration, as was the Commercial Academy on the oppo-~ site side of the street; and before ten, the four houses already mentioned were levelled with the ground, and the fire reached the mansion occupied by the high priest of the Jews, which also was soon reduced to a heap of ruins: it was with difficulty that the female part of his family escaped. His li- brary, in which were many valuable manu, scripts, was also consumed. ‘The fire cone tinued its devouring course still farther, and burnt down the houses of Mr. Le Batts, Dr. Shannon, Dr. Van Novan, Mr. Abraham Milleda, Mr. Daniels, Mr. Samuda, and Mr. isaacs, and considerably damaged several others. Full one-third of Bury-street, on both sides, is entirely levelled with the ground, Incidents in and near London: 581 Sune 19.—-This evening the Prince Regent gave a ball and supper, to upwards of two thousand of the principal nobility and gentry inthe kingdom. This splendid entertainment originated from a desire of his Royal High- ness, to shew every possible respect and filial aifection to his father’s birth-day, it not being convenient for the Queen to hold a drawing room at St. James’s Palace on the 4th of June. His Royal Highness, to prevent. its passing without being observed as a national festival, determined on giving a grand féte, which should not only be observed as a day of rejoicing by the higher orders, but with it should be combined the ‘encourage= ment of the arts and manufactures of the country, His Royal Highness, with that consideration, and a due regard-tu the welfare of his country, in his cards of invitation had expressed a strong desire that every person should come dressed in articles of British mas nufacture only. Nearly the whole of the State-rooms and lower apartments in Carltene house had been diverted from any use to the -Prince Regent for several weeks, by the ne« cessary temporary arrangements, The com- pany began to assemble at nine o'clock, and continued without intermission setting down till eleven, his Royal Highness's equerrics taking their cards of invitation as they en- tered. All appeared struck with surprise and astonishment as they entered the grand Grecian hall, which, in addition to its ussai splendid appearance, was ornamented with a variety of shrubs, of patent lamps, and cle- gant lanterns of vast dimensions. Two of the yeomen of the Guards were stationed at each of the entrances to the Octagon Saldon, the fitting up of which, for this occasion, was particularly splendid; the drapery wae scarlet cloth, trimmed with gold-coloured silk, lace, cords, and fringe. In the,Gyecian hall were assembled to receive the conipany, Colonel M‘Mahon, Generals Kepiiel and Turner, Colonels Bloomfield, Thomas, and Lyrwhit, together with Earl Moira, Bords Dundas, Keith, Heathfield) Mount Edg- cumbe, and Yarmouth. The latter had been indefatigable in his exertions ‘to assist his Royal Highness in his arrangements for this splendid entertainment, *and continued - his exertions to Wednesday night in acting asa regulator of the business. The Prince Regent entered his state apartments about a quarter past nine, dressed in a scarlet coat, most richly and elegantly ornamented, in a very novel style, with gold-lace, and a brilliant star of the Order of the Garter. The Duke of York wore a similar coat, the pattern and ornamental part was said to be like one worn by that great warrior, the Duke of Cumber- Jand. His Royal Highness the Prince Regent came into his state apartments just ut the time the French king and princes arrived ; he received them most graciously. His Royal Highness afterwards, during the night, passed fiom one room to another without amy at- tendants 582 tendants or ceremony, conversing in the mest affable manner with his numerous, guests. ‘The company found an abundance. of amuse- ment in perambulating this celebrated man- sion, Dancing commenced about twelve. in the grand council chamber, and about two. supper was announced. The company proceeded down the staircase into the basement story 5 and thence to the tables, either into the grand range of rooms connected with the conser- yatory, or those in the Chinese temporary yooms. At the end of the conservatory was a smost magnificent allegorical transparency, with G. R. TLL. acrown, and other devices, This was the terminating obj:ct of the whole yarige, and particularly designating the great feature of the féte. The banquet was the mest’ costly and admirable in all its arrange- ments. The Prince Regent, with that urba- nity which has ever been his distinguished characteristic, had a table placed contiguous to his own, for the foreign ministers and no- bility who were of the party. The royal dukes assisted the Prince Regent in doing the honours of the table. The ball-room, after. supper, was surrounded by a gradation of con- yersation stools, for the accornmodation of those who chose to be calm spectators of the scene. The Duchess of York, Princess So- phia of Gloucester, and all the royal duces, ‘attended this splendid féte. Upon no pre- xious occasion, and at no court in Europe, was ever the experiment made to set down £000 of the pringipal nobility and gentry of akingéom to a regular supper, as was the ‘case at this fete. The largest entertainment, at the most brilliant period of the French monarchy, was that given by the Prince of Conde, at Chantilli, to the King of Sweden, when 400 covers were laid. Here covers were Jaid for 1600 under canvas, and for 400 in. the house, MARRIED. At Mary le-bone, the Honourable Charles Jaw; to Elizabeth Sophia, second daughter ef the late, and sister to the present Sir Chailes Nightingale, bart. having been pre- xiowsly married at Gretna Green.—Sir John €arr, to Miss King, of Goldingham Hall, Essex.--Robert Humphrys, esq. of Ivy House, near Chippenham, Wilts, to Essex Lowndes, third daughter of William Selby, ; esq. of Winslow, Bucks —Edward Fanshawe, esq. captain “in the Reyal Engineers, to Frances Mary, second daughter of Lieutenant- genera) Sir Hew Dalrymple. The Hon. and R-v. W. H. Dawnay, of Sessay, Yorkshire, to Lydia, only daughter of the late J. Heathcoat, esq. of Coning'on Castle, Huntingdonshire. Thomas Le Mercer, esq. of Vauxhall, to Miss Stone, only daughter of the late, Wil- liam S. esq. lames White, esq. of Hans Place, to Mar- garet, eldest. daughter af Robert Faulder, esq. of Gower strect, _ Marriages nm and near Londons ® [July 1, At. St, Martin's, Ludgate, the Rev. Lewis Way, of Great Geldham, Essex, to Caroline Elizabeth, only daughter of John Leech, esq. of Bridge street, Blackfriars, ; At Wapdsworth, John Fassett Burnett, esq. of Vauxhall, to Elizabeth, daughter of John Barchard, esq. of East Hill, Wandse worth. . Thomas Thurlow, esq. younger. son of the late bishup of Durham, and brother to Lord T.to Miss F, Lyon, third daughter of the late Honourable: Thomas L. At St. Paul’s, Peter Henry Barker, esq of _ Burwell, Cambridgeshire, to Miss Hammond, only daughter of Walter H. esq. of West Row, Mildenhall. W. Midwinter, esq. captain in the East India Company's service, Bengal establish ment, to Ann, youngest daughter of M, Thomas, esq. of Pinner Green, Middlesex. At St. Paul’s, Covent Garden, Mr. B. Stones, of Chandos street, to Miss Hopkin- son, only daughter of .B. H. esq. of , Pentone ville. f At St. George’s, Bloomsbury, Charles. A. Bartholomew, jun. esq. to Maria, eldest daughter of the late Edward Rees, esq. . At South Lambeth, Henry James, third son of the late Montague Cholmeley,. esq. of Easton, Lincolnshire, to Eliza, fourth daugh ter of the Jate W. Havard, esq. © At Chelsea, Frederic Ayrton, esq. of Gray’s Inn square, to Miss Nugent, daughter of Colonel N. of Ayiesbury. At St. George’s, Hanover square, William Hargood, esq. rear admiral of the blue, to Maria, third daughter of the late Thomas Somers Cocks, esg.—-Francis William Grant, esq. M. P. to Miss Dume, only daughter of John Charles D. esq. of the island of St, Helena.—T he Rev. John Fellowes, youngest son of Robert F. esq. of Shottesham, Nare folk, to Susan, fourth daughter of the Hoe nourable. Thomas Lyon, of Hetton House, Dutham.—Francis Upjohn, esq. of the 2d Life Guards, to Mrs, Page, of Woburn Place. Lieut. -colone] Oide, cf the 99th regiment of foot, to Margaret, eldest daughter of William Beckford, esq. of Fonthilii—The Rev. Dr, Davy, master of Caius college, Cambridge, to Miss Stevenson, of Hertford street, May Fair. : At Twickenham, Henry Bellairs, esq. Jate of the 15th hussars, to Dora, youngest daughe ter of the late Peter Mackenzie, esq. At Islington, the Rev. Richard Meade, rector of Hersendon and minister of Prince’s Risborough, Bucks, to Miss Somes. Rev. C. Laprimaudaye, vicar of Leyton, to Jane, daughter of the late R. Lee, esq. of Mile end. " Richard Marter, esq. of Bourton on the Water, Glocestershire, to Jane, youngest daughter of P. Harman, esq. of Charles sticet, Cavendish square, ; At Stepney, Frederic Vander Meulen, esq. | sll] — of St. Aiban’s, to Rachael, second daughter of W, Tompson, esq. of Hill End, Hefts. The Rev. T. B. Powell, fellow of. Oriel College, Oxford, to Sarah Louisa, third daughter of the Rev. N. Cotton, @ector of Thornby, Northamptonshire, DIED. Walter, the eldest son of .Walter Fawkes, esq. of Farnivy Hall, near Otley, Yorkshire, a fine youth about 16 years of age. He was found drowned in the canal at Denham, near Uxbridge, where he was at school, The Rev. Graham Fepson, vicar of Ful- ham, late fellow of King’s College, Cam- bridge, and formerly rector of Milton, which he exchanged for the living of Fulham, ‘At Woolwich, Fobn Feffreys, esg. clerk of the cheque at the dock-yard. At Mill Hill, near Hendon, Susan Rudson. Her complaint was what is generally termed a gallopping consumption, which arose from her teking, ne doubt,. at cifferent times, poi- sonous medicines, procured, as she said, by her seducer, but unsuccessfully, for the pur- pose of producing abortion; and the last un- happy offspring was the fifth child, For several days previous to her dissolution, ske appeared to struggle under the most violent “convulsions possible for any human being to endure, and exhibited all the horrors of ima- gination arising from a mis spent life. A few moments before death closed her eyes, she declared she could not die until she had unburthened her conscience. Dodd, 74. A. \ate rector of Cowley, Middle- sex. His friends regret the loss of a most intelligent and valuable acguaintence; his children lament one of the mdst affectionate and tender of parents. F At Edinburgh, the Rigkt Hon. Lord Viscount Melvillz, Baron Dunira; (of whom a memoir will be given in our next number.) © ————————————— PROVINCIAL OCCURRENCES, WITH att tHE MARRIAGES anp DEATHS; Arranged geographically, or in the Order of the Counties, from North to Sonth, *.* Communications for this Department of the Monthly Magazine, properly au- thenticated, and sent free of Postage, are alwuys thankfully received, Those are: more particularly acceptable which describe the Progress of Local Enprovements of | any Kind, or which contain Biographical Anecdotes or Facts relative to eminent or remarkable Characters recently deceased. a ‘ NORTHUMBERLAND AND DURHAM. MARRIED} At Elsdon, the Rev. John Hewitson, to Miss Potts. At Durham, Mr. [ames Thompson, to Miss Wilburn.—Mr. William Myers, to Miss Pickersall.—John Armstrong, M. D. to Miss Spearman, daughter of Charles S. esq. At Stockton, Mr. Robert Yaylor, to Miss Elizabeth Dixon. At Bishopwearmouth, Mr. Robson, of Houghton le-Spring, to Miss Henry, of Ry- hope Hotel. tLe, At Newcastle, Mr. Robert Cowells, to Mrs. Humble, both of Benwell. At Hartburn, Mr. Cuthbert Nicholson, of Barrasford, to Miss Hedley, of Redpath. At Chester le street, Mr. John Jopling, of Acron Close, to Miss Elizabeth Cummings, of Barras Hill House. At St. John Stanwick, Mr. Hird, of Dar- lington, to Miss Todd, of Aldborough, York- shire. At Sunderland, Mr. John Oliver, to Mrs. ane Little. At Bishop Auckland, Mr. Joseph Hines, attorney, to Miss Welford. Died.] At Durham, Mr. Thomas May- pard, attorney.—Mrs. Mary Harrison, SSe— Mr. Joseph Thwaites, 86.—Mr. William Addison, 82.—-Mr. Robert Wilson, 20. ; At Linton, Mr. Welter Mather, 58. At Fireburn Mill, Mr. David Hogarth. At Gateshead Fell, Mr. John Gray, 31. At Alnwick, Nicholas Davidson, esq- 79. At the Ballast Hills, near Newcastle, Mrs, Elizabeth Pattison, 76; and four days after- ° wards her husband, Mr. Thomzs P. 73. At Berwick, Mrs. Currie, 75.—Mrs. Home,—Mr. Jonn Robertson, .5%.—Mrs. Martha Wait, 64—Mr. William Mark, 75. —Mrs. Wright, 45.—Captain Anders Peters sen, of the Four Sisters, from Norway.—Mrs. ? Yellowly. At Newcastle, Mrs. Elizabeth Ellison, - aunt to Cuthbert E. esq. of Hebburn Hall, 78.—Mrs. Elizabeth Halliday, 77.—Miss ° Pollock.—Mr. Anthony Dobinson, 28.— Mr. John Hall, 80.—-Mr. Thomas Wylam, - of the White Hart Inn, 33.—-Mrs. Tadman, At Bishopwearmouth, Mr. Thomas Dou- R. 80. » ' glas, 66.——Mrs, Robinson, relict of lieutenant At Sunderland, Mr. Michael Middleton, ‘ 72.—Mr. Dowell, 35, ' At Foreshield, near Alston, Mrs. Isabella Pearson, 90. At 381.) _ AtShincliff, near Durham, Mrs: Nesbitt, wife of Mr. Robert N. 37.—-Mrs. Elizabeth Richardson, 66 ‘ At Morpeth, Mrs. Allen, 75. At Hexham, Mr. Robert Dickenson. At Barnardcastle, Miss Holroxd. ; At Wolsingham, Mrs, Ionn, wife of the Rev. Mr. I. | 3 At North Shields, Mr. William Warwick, of the Roebuck, Inn. Killed by a cannon shot from a battery on the Peninsula of Quiberon, Mr. D. W. Smith, 17, signal midshipman of his Majesty’s ship Spartan, and only’ son of D. W. Smith, esq. of Alnwick. The death of any good young person isa public loss; but the death of this gallant midshipman is and must be a loss.to his country, as he would have -been an ornament to it had he liyed. Though bet 17, he had been at Madeira, St. Helena, South America, at all the West India Islands, and particularly atthe taking of Martinique, where he had his arm broken. . He was a good classical scholar, was well grounded in the mathematics, and had made great pro- ficiency in the languages of the continent. To sum up all with a good and brave heart, he had made himself so complete a master of his profession, as to have been long selected _@8 a signal midshipman. CUMBERLAND AND WESTMORELAND. We announce with much satisfaction that ,0n.the 22nd of June, was published, at Ken- dal, the first number of a weelzly newspa- pét, dntituled *¢ The Westmoreland Adver- tiser and Kendal Chronicle.” We under- Stand the proprictors intend that it shall be conducted on the broad basis of indepen- dence, without regard to political parties ; and they promise a constant attention to ocal. improvements, and to all subjects of a local nature, which may tend to throw light on the state of this and the neighbouring Counties, It has Jong been a subject of won- der and regret, that the county of West- moreland should not produce a single news. paper, though Kendal, so early as the time of Camden,, was a very populous and respect- able town. >. : Married.] At Workington, Mr..-Thomas . _ «Kendal, master of the Integrity, to Miss Dixon.—The Rey. Anthony. Dalzell, to,Miss Rasselt, daughter of Matthew Russell, esq.— Mr. G. J..Edwards, to.Mrs. Banks, At Bowness, near Kendall, John Wilson, ~esq. of Elleray, to Miss Perry, of Amble- side. At Penrith, Mr. Edward Mouncey, to Miss Watkins, daughter of Mr. Christopher W.— Mr. William Jackson,’to Miss Anna Bird. , At Moresby, Mr. ‘Thomas. Fearon, of Whitehaven, to, Miss Elizabeth Hall. Died | At Carlisle, Mr. John Routledge, 50.--Mrs. Jane M'Cluer, 65.—Mrs. Hod- son, relict of Mr. George H.—Mrs. Sarah Hodgson, 77.—Miss Mary Fleming, 21.0 “Mrs. Jane Graham, a maiden lady, 60, Mewrury Mag, No, 214. Cumberland—Westmsreland—VY orkshire. the oldest female in the parish. . years last harvest, she followed the reapers _ tors. 585 At Penrith, Mr, John Whisfield, 57,— Ruth, wife of Mr. Edward Allen.—Mr. Joba Smiley, jun, 19.—Mrs. Deborah Wilkinson, 88 _ At Rockliff, Margaret, wife of Mr. George Graham. j At Kendal, John Wakefield, esq. banker, 78. ’ ; At Whitehaven, Mrs. Mary Rooke, 40.— Mrs. Eleanor Brunton, 84 —Mr. D. Huggin, —Mr. Gambles, 35.—Mrs. Piele, 31,—. Elizabeth, fourth daughter of Sir Joseph Senhouse, 15.—Mrs. Steel, wife of James S. esq. 56. ae At Maryport, Mrs. Sarah Thompson — Mr. Ayley Brown, 67.—Jane, wife of Mr. Daniel Bell.— Mr. James Clarke. WES: ~ Inthe Isle of Man, Nelson Scott, M.D, At Douglas, Artnur French, esq. BOs 2 At Calderbridge, Mr, Joseph Taylor, for- merly master of a vessel belonging to Whitee haven, 81,—Myrs. Esther Bragg, 67, ; At Bridekirk, Mrs. Thompson. At Workington, Mrs, Saxter, widow of the Rey. Mr. .B. of Arlecton.—Mr. Charles Rigby, son of Mr. R., parish-clerk. At Standingstone, Mr. Evan Clarke, bro- ther tothe late Rev. Wilfred C. vicar of Wigton, a gentleman of some poéticai=abili- ‘ty, 73. At Flimby, Mr muel Graves. , ; At Bannast Hill, Caldbeck, Mr. John Olde ham, 46. : At Barton New House, Westmoreland, Mrs. Eleanor Lancaster, relict of Mr. Sanivel L. 83. At Birkmoss, Mrs. Esther Bragg, 67. At Grimes-hill, near Kirkby Lonsdale, Mrs. Moore, wife of Mr. William M. esq. and daughter of the late William Palmer, esq. of Whitehaven, 50. hohe 4 At Riston Hall, near Kendal, mas Strickland. At Eaglesfield, parish of Brigham, Mrs. Mary Whinney, widow, in her 96th yeae ; Only twa John Dow, 57.—-Mr. Sae Mr. Thos one day, and bound up thirty stooks of corn, YORKSHIRE. June 4.—The foundation-stone of the intend- _ed bridge over the river Foss, in Walmgate, York, was laid by the Right Hon. Lawrence Dundas, Lord Mayor of the city, in the pre- sence of the committee for the Ouse and Foss bridges, and a vast concourse of spectas The following inscription, engraved on a brass plate, was let into the stone:— The -first stone of this Bridge was laid by the Right Hon. Lawrence Dundas, Lord May- or, on the 4th of June, MDCCCXI, in the 1st year of the Reign of George the Third, and on the day on which his Majesty com, pleted the 73d year of his age. Peter Atkin- son, Architect, As the workmen at Fossbridge, in York, were removing the rubbish under the ‘piac- ak sorgs "536 form where the old pier at the east end stood, ‘they discovered a beautiful gold medal, in ‘high preservation, which had been struck in the reign of King Edward the Third. On ‘the obverse side is a fine representation of the Sovereign, standing ona ship at sea, ‘qwith a sword in/his right hand and a shield on his left, whereon are quartered the royal “arms of France and England. There are also other emblems, trophies, &c. with this “Inscription in Saxon characters: Edwar dus “Dei Gr, Rex, Anglie Franc. @ Hy B. On the reverse, in semi, are a lion and crown and a fleur de lis alternately, emblems, &c. with this inscriptions Antim Trausciens P modium “jllorum.—Perbaps the latter may not be quite correct, as a small aperture is made in the edge, by the workman having struck his pick-axe against it. “grains, and is a full inch and a quarter in diameter. " Married.] At Bawtry, Lieutenant Stovia, R. N. to Ann Charlotte, only daughter of Lucas Spilsbury. "At Sheffield, Mr. Samuel Hare, of Leeds, surgeon, to Miss Mary Ann Edon. _ At Sculcoates, Thulesius Moller, esq. of Krogerve, Norway, to Miss Snell, of Lon- don.—Mr. Paul Smith, of Lowthorp, to Mary, third daughter of the Rev. Mr. Grees- wood, of Imingham. At Bolton Percy, Robert Atkinson, esq. of Hornington, to-Marianne, eldest daughter ef William Laycock, esq. of Appleton Roe~ ‘buck, At York, Captain Lally, of the 4th Dra- goon Guards, to Mrs. Moore. At Guisborough, Henry Clarke,. esq. to * Miss Hutchinson. At Knaresborough, John Allison, esq. of ‘Finddersfield, to Miss Ormond, daughter of the late David ©, esq. of Trenewydd, Pem- brekeshire. Mr. Thomas Champney, jun. of Nuttles, in Holderness, to Mary, eldest daughter of William Harland, esq. of Burton Pidsea. At Campsall, T.F.C. Mainwaring, esq. captain in the royal navy, to Mary Ann; fourth daughter of BaconFrank, esq. Died:] At Wrelton, near Pickering, the Rev. Samuel Hedgson, 62. At York, Mrs. Rayson, wife of Mr. Tho- mas R.—Mr, Francis Carter, 48.—Robert Stockton, esq. an alderman of the corporation, and who served the office ef lord mayor in 41805.—Mrs. Brewn —Mrs. Catharine Mor- “sit, fourth daughter of the late Bacon M- esq. At Beverley, John Coltman, e°q- 67. At Hull, Mrs. Etty, 535.—Mrs. Mery Johnson, of the Cress Keys Inn, 71.—Mr. john Vickerman —Benjamin, son of Mr. Jobn Guy, 21.—Mr. Marmaduke Constable, ‘Mr. John Todd, 82.—George Bee, gent. Go. At Patrington, Mr. Thomas Grindall, coa- Eancashire. The medal weighs 117. [July t, ductor of ordnance’ stores and field-train dee partment, 22. : “ At Welton, Mrs. E. Hunter, 72. At Mickleton, Mr. Raine, 94. 4 At Scorton, near Catterick, William Hard- ing Hayes, esq. 31. At Leeds, Mr. W. Royston, of Wetherby, surgeon.—Mirs. Currer, of Skipton —Mr. Wilson, 55. At Ripon, Mr. Thomas Wilkinson, as alderman of that corporation, 57. At Bramham Lodge, Miss Scott, sister of “W. Fenton S. esq. of Woodhall, near We- therby. At Topcliffe Manor, Mary, wife of Mr, George Walbran, 52. At Bubwith, Edward Weddall, esq. 68. At Stillington, Mr. Peter Sowray, 56. At Rotherham, Mrs. Jessop, of the Ring of Bells. She fell into a vat ef liquor, as is supposed in a fit, and was drowned.—Lieue tenant May, of the ist West York militia. At Howden, Mr. Edmund Smith, 68. At Halifax, Mr. John Emmer.—Mr. Rich- ard Ludley, an officer in the Halifax local militia, and many years master of the White Swan Inn. At Sheffield, Mr. G. Knowles, formerly master of an academy there. He composed several pieces of sacred music which were much admired. LANCASHIRE, a Mr. Roscoe, of ‘Liverpool, has become a distinguished agriculturist, having undertaken to drain a moss, or bog, between Liverpool and Manchester, of more than a thousand acres in extent, in which he is likely to prove ' successful. Married | At Liverpool, Mr. John Wor; rall, to Miss D. E. Matthews, daughter of the late Jacob M. esq. of Demerara.—-Mr. Henry Billinge, jun. to Miss Eliza Meadows. —Captain James Keed to Miss Isabella Pye. —Mr. George Farrar, to Mary, only daugh- ter of John Brown, esq.—Lieutenant Wal ker, R. N, to Mrs. Culcheth, : At Walton, John Formby, esq. eldest son of the Rev. Mr. F, of Formby, to Helen, second daughter of William Harper, esq. of Everton. At Warrington, Joseph Worrall, esq. te Miss Jane Kaye. Died.], At~ Lancaster, Mrs. Paget, 73.— Mrs. Mary Nichclson, 77—Mr. Thomas Rawsthorn, a land-waiter of this port. At Preston, Mrs. Greaves, relict of ‘Fho- mas G. esq. banker and alderman, 59,—M1r. Richard Baines, father ot Mr. Edward B, printer of the Leeds Mercury. At Milnthorp, Mr. Heury Smithies, 65.‘ At Colne, the Rev. John Hartley, incum- bent curate of that place, anda justice ef peace for this county. . At Little Lever, Mr. James Heywood, 65. At Warrington, Mr, Peter Jackson, surgeon, 83. At es 4911.] _ At Wyersdale, near Lancaster, Mr. Thomas Thompson, 84. At Meanfield, near Broughton, in Furness, Mr. Edward Tyson, 100. At Wavertree, Miss E. Menzies, 19. At Ormskirk, Mr. John Piatt. “At Liverpool, Mrs. Syers, 68.—Mr. Ed- ward Buddicom, 28.—Mrs, Burton.—Mr. Michael Harris, 39.—John, eldest son of Mr. John Bradshaw, 21.—Mr. Thomas Re- mington, 50.—Ann, daughter of Mr. Ed- ward Rusliton, bookseller, 19.—Mrs, Grace. —Mrs. Maddox, wife of captain M. of Dub- lin—Mr John Irvin, attorney, +1.—M:. James Marsh, 86.—Mr. E. Bradshaw.—Mr. Josiah Fletcher —Mre. Ann Anderson.——Mr. Lee Wareing, 67. At Manchester, Mrs, Harrop, wife of Mr. H. proprietor and printer of the Manchester -Mercury.—Mrs. Clarke, wife of Mr. William C. bookseller, 58.—Mrs. Heywood.—Aged 67, the celebrated Sieur Rea, a man whose fame as aconjurer has long been trumpeted from wake to wake, fair to fair, and race to race, throughout the United Kingdom. For years he has coatributed to the innocent mirth and amusement of the lads and lasses of the holiday round, and while he has lengthened ‘their faces with wonder and astonishment, he has lengthened his purse with the tribu- tary pence that flowed from the tricks of the scene. He was, in his calling, esteemed an honest man, and he had no deception but that which belonged to his cups and balls, 3 CHESHIRE. | Married.) At Mottram, Mr, William Beat- tie, of Liverpool, surgeon, to Hannah, youngest daughter of the late Henry Card- well, esq. The Rev. Harry Grey, vicar of Knutsford, $o Miss Ellis, of Grove House. At Over Peover, Thomas Drake, esq. captain in the Knutsford volunteers, to Miss Banks, daughter of the late John B. esq. of New Hall. Mr. B. Brassey, ef Chester, to Miss Davies, of Stapleford Hall. ‘Died.] At Chester, Mrs. Scholes, wife of Richard S. esq. 76.—William Hamilton, esq. 93.—Mr. Edward Spencer. At Macclesfield, Mr.'W. Johnson. ‘At Nantwich, Mr. Thomas Oraig, only gon of Mr. C. bookseller, 25. At Churton, Mr. John Pulford. At Frodsham, Mrs. Caldwell, wife of Mr. James C. 69. ' At Congleton, Mrs, Tolson, wife of Cap- tain T. 23. DERBYSHIRE. The Duke of Devonshire has inclosed the principal part of his mountain estate round Buxton, on which he has erected several farm- houses, and other: appropriate buildings, to the great improvement of a country, that for centuries had remained in a desert and barren orate. Cheshire—Derby—Nottingham. 587. May 12.—About five o’clock in the after- noon, a destructive phenomenon appeared at Bonsall, in the Peak of Derbyshire. “A sine gular motion was observed ina cloud, of a serpentine form, which moved in a circular direction, from S. by W. to N. extending ite selfto the ground. It began its operations near Hopton, and continued its course about five or six miles in lenzth, and about four or five hundred yards in breadth, tearing up , plantations, levelling barns, walls, and miners” cots. It tore up large ash trees, carrying them from 20 to 30 yards; and twisted the tops from the trunks, conveying them from 50 ta 100 yards distance. Cows were lifted from one field to another, and injured by the fall ; miners’ buddle-tubs, wash vats, and ether materials, carried to a considerable distance, and forcedinto the ground. This was attend- ed with a most tremendous hail-storm : stones and lumps of ice were meagured from nine te twelve inches in circumference. Married.] At Eyam, R. Clarke Hill, esq, of Stailington Hall, Stafford, to Sarah, young- est daughter of the late Thomas Birds, esq. At Bradborne, Mr. John Goodwin, attore ney, to Miss Beresford, of Castern. Died.] At Derby, William Snowden, esq. 64.—Emma, daughter of Mr. William Hol- lingshead. At Somershall, Mr. Bladon, 55. Ac Thornbridge, Mr. John Morewood, 57. NOTTINGHAMSHIRE. The following return of the population, &a. of Newark, has just been made 5 1483 houses, inhabited by 1595 famidies ; 12 houses build- ing, 18 houses uninhabited ; 3319 males, and 3917 females.—Total number of souls, 7236. Married.| At Sutton supra Lound, Mr, Richard Bullivant, of East Retford, to Miss Haslehurst, daughter of George H. esq. of Daws Hill. At Mansfield, Mr. Thomas Tipping, te Miss Johnson. At Nottingham, Mr. William Thurman, to Miss Revell, of Southwell. At Lenton, Mr. Joseph Hill, to Miss Anna Chambers. Died.] At Nottingham, Samuel Stretten, gent. 79.—Mr. Fleetwood Churchill, 38.— Mr. John Stones.——Mr. Samuel Hears —Mr,: Henry Silverwood.-Mrs. Mary Wood, a maiden lady, 87.—The Rev. G. Ingham, 7%. -~Edmund Dear, gent. 65.—Mis. Mason. Mr. William Gillatt.—Mrs. Collier, At Mansfield, Hollis Clay, gent. 72.— Mr. W. Unwin, eldest son of Mr. Jabez U. 90.—Mrs. Rogers, 69. At Balderton, near Newark, Mr. John Austin. At Wilford, Miss Dorothy Cumberland, 41. At West Retford, Anne, daughter of Mrs.w Nelson, 22: F At Car Colston, Mr. Thomas Turner. At Ratcliffe, Mr. Andrews. At Newark, Mr, S. Hunter, 80.—Mr,: Thome 588 Thomas Lane.—Mrs. Smailey. Married.] At Watford, Mr. Wm. Shiel- don, of Stanton, St. John, Oxfordshire, to Mary Ayn, eldest daughter of Mr. Peake, of the Blue Boar Inn, Oxford. At Hitchin, Mr. John Moore, to Miss Moores P ‘ -Died.] At Hoddesdon, Mrs. Varenne, aunt of the Rev. Dr. V. of Westley, near Newmarket. ‘ * At Hitchin, John Crabb, esq.—Elizabeth, eldest daughter of the late John Mills, esq. At Rookhouse, Mrs. Larder. : sy BEDFORDSIIBE. ; Married | At Biggleswade, Mr. Joseph Meen, to Mrs. Eliza West. Fs Dia At Northill, the Rev, John Marke rector of that parish. } ae Robert Denis, esq. 60s - ~ NORTHAMPTONSHIRE. ~ Married.| At Rushden, Mr. Samuel Hop» kins, aged 33, to Mrs. Dorothy Corby, 74. At Long Buckby, Mr. Johnson, to Miss -‘Bleanor Burdett. z Montrury Mae. No, 234. 593° ~At Weldon, Mr. C, Chanibers, to Mise Gilby. % At Btaunston, Mr.sJohn Boyes, to Mise Eliz. Hall. - At Grafton, Mr. Wm. Braines, to Mise Sarah Braines, of Hanningten.. . Died.] At Newnham, Mrs. Mary Balde win, 76." ; At Banbury lane, near Gayton, Mr. Thee mas Cockerill. 4 At Preston, Mr. Wm. Marrictt. 75. At Wellingborough, Mrs, Restling, sister to the late Alderman Woolley, of Northamps ton, 88. At East Haddon, Mr. Thomas White, 645 At Little Harrowden, Mr. Wm, Houghe ton, 62. HUNTINGDONSATRE. Married. At Fenstanton, Mr. John Pearce, of Barrington, Cambridgeshire, to Charlotte, eldest daughter of Mr. George Wortham. Died.] At Old Hurst, Mr, Butteris, 78. At Kimbolton, within a fortnight of each other, two brothers, James, scholar of Clare Hall, Cambridge, of a rapid decline, aged aos and Henry, on the fourth day’s illness, of 2 severe attack of a typhus fever, aged 163 sons of the Rev. James Pye; deeply lamented by their friends, and respected by all whe knew them, : At Gadmanchester, Mr. Soaring. CAMBRIDGESHIRE, By the account of the populatiod of Cams bridge, taken agreeably to the directions of - the act, it appears that there are 10,292 souls + in that town, ef whom 4064 are males, and 5688 females. ; : Married.| At Newcastle, Mr. A. A, Aro nold, to Miss Holme, daughter of Mr. H. of the Star Inn. i Died.j At Thorney Fen, John Hemmont, esq. one of the deputy-lieutenants for the Isle of Ely,42. i In his 62d year, in consequence ofan ine jury he received ifi a fall from his horse, Mr. saa Staunton, of Leverington, near Wis- ech, At Newmarket, Mr, John Arnold, He was formerly a rider for the Earl of Egre~ mont, also for several other noblemen and gentlemen, and was allowed to be one of che first horseoxen of his day. He rode Election, the winner of the Derby, in 1807, ina very masterly style.—Mr, Lagget, of the Golden . Lion Inn. _ At Cambridge, Mr. J. Whitéhead, of the Black Bear Inn, 75.—Mr. Wm. Porter, 54, —Mr. Nathan Bennett. At Ely, Mr. F. T. Bardymans NORFOLK, The population of Norwich is 37,026, being 3025 less than in 17863 the females exceed the males by nearly 600, The committee of visiting justices ap. pointed to erect a lunatic asylum in thig county, have adjudged the first premium of 4G 70 594 YO guineas for the best plan delivered to them for such asylum to Mr. Wm. Browne, of Ipswich, for plans and elevations, and the second premium of 30 guineas to Messrs. Good and Lochner, of Hatton Garden, Lon- don. Married.] At Banham, Mr. John Marti- yieau, jun. to Miss Tayler, eldest daughter of S$. Taylor, esq. of Banham Haugh. * At Yarmouth, Capt. Alexander Nesbitt, R.N, to Maria, daughter of Wm, Fisher, esq. receiver general for this county. At Norwich, Jonathan Backhouse, esq. of Darlington, banker, to Miss Hannah Chap- man Gurney, eldest daughter of Joseph G. esq. banker.—The Rev. Benjamin Barker, of Caston, to Katherine, eldest daughter of W. C, Pillans, esq.—Mr. James Knglish, to Mrs. Mary Baker. At Swaftham, H. F. Day, esq. to Mary, only daughter of Joha Dugmore, esq. Henry Doiglas, esq. son of Admiral D. to Miss Crabtree, youngest daughter of Mr. C. of Witton, At Cromer, Mr. Jolin Palmer, of Upwell, in the Isle of Ely, attorney, to Mrs. Gaches. George Evans, jun. esq. of Southwark, to Sarah, second daughter of R. Parmeter, esq. of Burgh Hall, Aylsham. T. Burleigh, esq. of London, to Georgi- ana, eldest daughter of Capt. Munnings, of Thorpe Cottage. The Rev, Mr, Churchill, of Erpingham, to Mrs. Chapman, of Aylsham. The Rev. Mr. Blake, of Swanton Abbotts, to Miss Lubbock, daughter of R. L. esq. of Lammas. Died.| At Brooke, Jane, wife of Edward Tompson, esq. and only daughter of J. Wil- kinson, esq. of Halesworth, 21. At Hingham, Samuel Thorn, esq. ‘At Norwich, Mrs. Mary Monsey, 58.— Mrs, Ollett, 49.—Mr. John Staff, 56.—Mr. Wm. Harwin, and his wife Mrs. H. 78.— Mrs. Storey, 39.—Mr. Holmes.—Emily, the infant daughter of Robert Gooch, esq. of Croydon, Surry.—Mr. W. Winner, 28.—Mr. James Fuller, 51 years clerk of the parish of St. Simon and Jude, 85 —Mr. L. Cooper, son of Thomas C. esq. of Maidstone, 25.—Ri- chard Melford, esq. of Bath, 72 —Mr. Isaac Brooks, 40. At Hatleston, Mrs. Ayton, relict of John A. esq. 85. At Blickling, Mr. Wm. Bell, 58. At Wilby, Mrs. Palmer. At Hockwood Wilton, Mr. Howland Roe berts, surgeon, 48. At Lynn, Mr. W. Ravenshaw, 48.—Mrs. Brickweod,, 72.—In consequence of her clothes being accidentally set on fire by a candle, Mrs. Williams, wife of Mr, W. of the Duke’s Head Inn, 40. At Yarmouth, Mrs. Ramey, relict of J. R. @sq 85. At Trowee, neay Norwich, Jane, danghter Sufftk. [July 1, of the Jate Rev. Peter Moon, prebendary of. Liscoln Cathedral, h At East Dereham, Anna Margaret, second daughter of the late Colonel Dickens.—-Mrs. Whistler. At Wells, Wm. Branch Elliot, esq. 59. At Pulham, St. Mary, Mr. Peter Pall, 95. At Downham Market, Mrs. Mary Hurdle~ stone. ; At Rockland, Mr. John Howard, farmer. In his house were found 1300 guineas and 80l. in silver. y ; At Seham, the Rev. P. Seott, 69. : At Southery, Mrs. Martin, wife of Mr. Robert M. 48. At Hoe, Mrs. Cobb, 74. At West Harling, Mr. Alexander Nichol son, 61. At Kettlestone, Martin Dennis, esq. At Sprowston Hall, G. B. Weston, esq. SUFFOLK. | Writs of Enquiry from the Board of Ex- cise have been lately executed before a re- spectable jury at Bury, for deficiencies in the malt duties, when verdicts were given against 14 defaulters to the amount of 29,9061. 7s. 10d.; of which 12,3141. were against the effects of an opulent person lately deceased, and 4,9161. 10s. against the effects under recent bankruptcy. Nine others, whose joint fines amounted to 11,616]. 1s. 9d. and, three whose deficiencies amounted to 10291. 15s. 10d.; agreed to compromise, if not sub= mitted to a jury; which was accepted. Such atrocious instances of misconduct and wilful corruption on the part of some of the district excise-officers have rarely beem brought to light. The revenue has been defrauded in Suffolk alone, it is calculated to the amount of at least 100,0001. annually. The population of Bury St. Edmund’s is, in St. Mary’s, 1745 males—-2401 females ;— in St James’s, 1731 males—2061 females;—~ total of both parishes, 7938. Married.| At Ipswich, Mr, Obadiah Marsh, tu Miss Elizabeth Selby. At Lidgate, Mr. James Pawsey, to Miss Dunthorne, only daughter of Mr. D. surgeon. Mr. W. Balls, of Framsden, to Miss Gall, eldest daughter of Mr. Samuel G, of Bran- diston, and Mr, Mark Pettet, to his second daughter, Miss E. Gall. Mr. Wynne, of Framlington, to Miss Jane Metcalf, of Hadleigh. At Bury, the Rey. A. Wheelwright, te Anna, second daughter of George Hubbard, €sq. and niece of the Bishopyof Lincoln, Samuel brant, esq. jun. of Rotherhithe, to Anne, second daughter of Stephen Virtue, esq. of Knoddishall. Mr. J. E. Henchman, surgeon, of Hales- worth, to Amelia, second daughter of the late Henry Alexander, esq. of Beccles. Lieutenant Wythe, of the Royal Fusileers, son of John W. esq. of Eye, to Miss Fenn, @avghter of My. F. of Woodbridge. Sinha ca Died.y . : . ! Fuller, 101. a4 Died} At Worlington House, Mrs. Coo- per, wife of Frederic’ Grey C. esq. second daughter of the late Sir John Honeywood, bart. 27. - At Easton, Mr. Aaron Crisp, 28. At Thoraham Parva, Hinmah, wife of Mr. Shave. . At Market Weston, Mr. J Flatman, 28. At Great Glemham, Mr. Brown. At Stonham Aspal, Mrs. Elizabeth Slade. At Little Blakenham, Mr. G. Groom, 91. At Stowmarket, Mr. Samuel Spink, 73. At Rickinghall Superior, Mr. Francis Ro- per, 64. At Walsham le ‘Willows, Mrs, Catchpole, 69. At Gazely, Mrs. Wilson, 36. At Ipswich, Frederic Cornwallis, esq. one of the portmen of that borough, and late lieutenant-colonel of the-334. Eats 57.— Mr, John Howard, of the White Swan Inn, 74.—In his 7ist year John Ciubbe, M.D. whose medical acquirements had deservedly obtained for him the highest esteem of the public, and his moral and social character the affection of a large circle of acquaint- ance'—=Mr. Thomas’ Beart, formerly an at. torney. — Leonard, eldest son of brigade. major Potter, serving with the army ia Por- tugal. At Bury, Simon Buehanan, esq. 77.—Mr. Burroughs. —Mr. Hoy, 63.—Mr. Meacham Spencer, 78.—Mr. Mark, of the Green Dra- goon Inn, 77.—Mrs. Butcher.—Mr. B. Green, one of the capital burgesses, He served the office of alderman in 1800.— Elizabeth Frances, wife of Orbell Ray Oaker, esq. receiver-general of the western division of this county. At Clare, Mrs. Barnard, relict of the late Rey. Thomas Barnard, rector of Withers- field, mother of the Rev. Robert Carey Barnard, rector of Withersficld, of the Rev. Robert Barnard, rector of Lingthorne, and prebend of Winchester, andthe Rev. Charles Drake Barnard, rector of Bigley. At Criswell, near Mildenhall, Mr. James He had 210 childred: grand children, great grand-children, and great great grand-children. At Woodbridge Barracks, T. C. Mencrieff, esq. major of the Berwickshire Militia. At Poslingford, near Clare, Mrs. Brown, wife of Mr. Thomas B. 44. At Stoke, near Clare, Mrs. Adkin, wife of j Mr. Edward A. 51. At Botesdale, Sarah, wife of P. Du. rieux, esq. of London. At Badwell Ash, Mrs. Clarke, wife of Mr. C. farmer, 26. _, At Bildeston, Mr. Joseph Hines, of the King’s Head Inn. At Sutton Hall, Mrs.’ Thomas W. esq. _ At Sudbury, Mr. Thomas Parsonson. _At Thurston, Mrs. Craske, relict of Mr. Waller, wife of Robert C. lace of Rougham Place, 79, Esserc—Kent, 595 ESSEX. Married.] John Dalton, esq. of Swaffham, Norfolk, to Charlotte, only daughter of the late William Heath, esq. of Stanstead. Jonathan Bullock, jun. esq. of Faulk bourne-hall, to the eldest daughter of the Rev. A. Downes, of Witham. William Vaughan Wallis, esq. captain ina the 3th dragoon guards, to Louisa Elizabeth Strathmore, only daughter of the late Revwé W. Macklin, of Great Chesterford. At Thorpe, T. Burleigh, esq. to Miss Munnings, eldest daughter of George M. e3q. ef Thorpe Cottage. Died.] At Newport, Maria, second daugh. ter of the Rey. Edward Bryant. At Barking, Mr. Richard Parker, formerly a sugar refiner, of Wellclose square, London, 82. At Kelvedon, Mrs, Brightwen, relict of Mr. Isaac B. of Diss. In his 80th year, the Rev. John Hough= ton, B.A. vicar of White Colne, and 53 years master of the grammar school at Halstead. At Great Bardfield, Mrs. Ely, wife of Mr. Thomas E. - At Rayleigh, Mrs, Greatrex, of the Crewa nn. At Layer Breton Parsonage, the Rev. Jue lius Hutchinson, 60. At Dedham Grove, John Marratt, esq, 58. At Brentwood, Mr. John Fenn, surgeon. At Writtle, Mrs, Long, widow of CaAarles L. esq. of -Stisteds. At Ingatestone, Mr. Charles Shuttleworth, 7A. At Thaxted, Robert Maitland, esq. At Woodford Cottage, Captain Matthew Flyn, the oldest captain on the Harwich station, late of his Majesty’s packet Lady Frances. At New Hall, Miss Hales, eldest daughter of the late, and sister to the present Sir Eds ward H, bart. At Chelmsford, Mr. Hodges.—H. Meck- lenburgh, youngest son of Mr. M. 18. At Hockley, Mrs. Belchan. At Leigh, Mrs. Fairchild, wife of Mr. Fe of the Ship Inn. At Haverrill, br. John Aldridge. At West Tilbury, Lady Gordon, wife of the Rev. Sir Adam G., rector of that parish, f KENT. 1 Those well known sea-marks, the steeples and spires of Reculver Church, have been purchased by: the Trinity House, and are tg remain; but the body of the church is to be taken down and rebuilt. Extraordinary occurrence.-As the work- men were lately digging and removing the cliff, adjoining the half-moon battery at Da ver, which fell into the Ordnance Yard, om the 14th of December last, and killed the wife, five children, and niece, of Mr. Poole, (the overseer of the works) they thought they heard a noise in the chalk ; and sending for Mr. Poole, removed three or four large piccea / $96 x pieces of chalk, when they discovered the hogestye, which was excavated in the cliff, and jn it, to the astonishment of every one, # hog alive, which had been buried under the Tuins for five months and nine days. How- ever improbable this story may appear, thousands can testify the truth of it. The poor animal could have had no other suste- nance during his confinement that what he derived from eating tite litter of the stye, and gnawing and sucking the chalk; at the time the accident happened he was supposed to weigh about eight score, and when dug out, his weight. was but little more than forty pounds. ‘There’ is scarcely any flesh on any part of the body, and the back bone is nearly as sharp z as a knife: yet notwithstanding this and its confinement, it is very lively and Jikely to do well. The bristles are as white @s snow. Numbers of persons have crept finte the cayern or etye, the size of which Gs about four feet by four, and being in the ®olid rock - prevented the animal from being Killed when the cliff fell; not a vestige of the litter was remaining. Air of course Hnust have beem admitted through the chinks of broken fragments, and by a great deal of gleep life was preserved. The proprietors of the Thames and Med- ~ way Canal have determined to apply to Par- Jiament for leave to extend their undertaking, ‘by making a canal of about two miles in length from Snodland .to Town Malling, a Meagure, which will not only much enhance the value of their own concern, but afford great advantages to a very extensive country. Married.| At Northfleet, Mr. F. M. Che~ vers, surgeon of the royal navy, to Miss Anne Tadman, youngest daughter of the Ja'e Lance T. oey of New House, near North. Beet, Philip Button, esq. captain in the West Kent Militia, to Sarah, youngest daughter ef the late William Atkinson, esq. of Lam~ beth. At St. Peters, Thanet, Charles Hoar, esq. solicitor, Maidstone, to Miss Caroline Ed- wards, of Broadstairs, -Mr, Joseph Hollams, of Margate, to Miss Mary Witherden, of St. Peter&, Thanet. At Felicstone, Mr. John Pegden, to Miss $. Beer, . At Barming, Thomas Backet, esq. of Barm- ing Hall, to Miss Miles. Died.) At Ramsgate, George Louch, esa, At Brompton, Mr. Stuart, master painter ef Chatham Dockyard, At Bearsted, Mr. Robert Clifford. © At West Brook, Mr. Daniel Jenkins, 70. At Woolwich Deck: yard, Mrs. Knowles, wife of John i, esq. ~ At Woolwich Common, James, son of Dr: Olinthus Gregary, of the Royal Military Academy. At _Rechester, Mrs. Brisby, wife of the Dean of that cathedral. “MAT i te John Lade, Fey T7eMt, i Surry. -tlesford, Cambridgeshire, to. Maria, 4 oo “ropag 1, John Halbet, late one of the common couns eil, 87. &t Hampton Hill, Herne, Mr. John Tas sel, 63. < At Margate, Mrs. Dixon.—Mr.. Robert Grant, 47.—Phillis, daughter of Mr, Thomas Turner. At Charing, Mr. King’s Head Inn, 58. At Nash Farm, insAsh, Mr. John Culver, TAs 4 At Ash, Mr. William Marsh, 67. At Dover, Mr. Le Brun.Mr. Stephen Bond. At Canterbury, Mary Teresa, -relict of T. Hawkins, esq. of Nash Court, in this county, 65.—Mr. Matthew Kirkby, 29. At Charsham, Mr. Thomas Simmons, 75. At Smeeth, Mrs. Swinyard,; 89. At Thannington, Mr. William Noble, 87. At Wye, Mrs. Andrews. At Charing, Mrs. Johnson, 55. . At Smarden, Mrs. Wood, 55. At Folkstone, Mr. Thomas Bailey, 6h mes The infant sou of John Scott, esq. captain of the Folkstone Artillery Company.—-Mr. James Tolputt. ‘ _ At Rochester, Miss E. King, 19. At St. Thomas’s Hill, near Canterbury, Sarah, relict of Licutenant=colgiel spac ee Webb, 8&3. At Dover, Mr. Alice Stokes. At Sittingbourn, Mrs. Tracy wife of Mr, T. surgeon. At Ramsgate, Mrs. Mayhew, relict of Christopher M. esq. At Gcodnestone, Mr. Edward Nash. At Bredgar, Mrs. Murton, 38. At Old Soar Farm, Crotham, Mr. William Knowles, He was found drowned in a stream not more than three feet deep, where he had been fishing, and into which bee is supposed to have fallenin a fit. SURRY. Married.] At Bletchingley, the Rev. John Brocke, vicar of Elmstead, Essex, and White eldest daughter of the late Rev. T. Bowen, of Pul- ham, Norfolk. At Ripley, Captain Duncan, to Mrs. John« son, widow of Lieutenant. Se of the 58th regiment.” At Croydon, George Lane, esq, to Mrs, Marsh.—-Rev. W. Tyner, rector of Upmar- den, and vicar of Compton, Sussex, to Miss Sarah Cotson, ef Croydon.—Samuel Firth, esq. of Tooting, to Miss Sadler, daughter of the late George Sadler, esq. At Streatham, John Smith, esq. of Brigh. ton, to Elizabeth, eldest daughter of James Brown, of the same place, banker. Died] At Croydon, Robert Chatfield, esq, a justice of the peace fer this county, and lately paymaster of seamen’s wages to the East India Company, 63, At Balham Hill, near Clapham, Mrs. Mary Muggeridge, 70. John ‘Collis, of the SUSSEX, a. Pi se ee le f . 4811.] men SUSSEX, Mr. C, Shoubridge, of Withdean, near Brighton, hada lamb yeaned that has three shoulders, five legs, and six feet; and this extraordinary little animal gambols withthe others of the flock, and is as healthy a3 the most perfect amiongst them. Married.| At Benton, Mr. M, Marten, of Beddingiiam, to Miss H. Harriott At Chichester, Jonas Parker,esq, of the Northampton militia, to Miss Judd, sister to Captain J. of the Royal Navy. At Wiversfield, Mr. john Neve, of Hal- den, Kent, to Miss Tanner. * ; “ Died,| At Rattingdean, Mrs. Ridge, 102. At Lewes, Mrs. Heper, wife of J. H. esq. ——William, son of Mr. Kenward, 20. At Battle, Mrs. Martin, wife of Mr. M. solicitor. ; At Brighton, Mr. Northwood. At Eastbourne, Mrs. Mary Lushington, relictof the Rev. Dr. L. 78. At S:eyning, Mr. J. Deacon, one of the oldest clerks in the barrack department. AtShoreham, Mr. Hili, formerly captain of a packet from Brighton to Dieppe. At Arundel, Mrs, Elizabeth Huzer, 96. Ber husband was killed at the battle of Cul- loden, in 1746, when serving as a lieutenant in the royal army. At Lewes, Eliza, eldest daughter of Mr. Gabriel Egles; 21.—After a long and painful iliness, Themas Kemp, esq. ene of the repre- sentatives of that borough. ‘The conduct of this gentleman, through the whele of his private and public life, renders his death a subject of universal regret. Mr. Kemp was first returned member for Lewes in 1780, and with the exception of the last parliament but one, had the honour of representing that town ever since. His politics were those of the honest country gentleman, free and uh- biassed; not cemented with those of either of the leading parties, but generaily, inclining to whiggism; and his name will be found in the lists of many of the minorities which un- successfully opposed the measures of Mr. Pitt. On the great question of Reform, and -In those divisions of the house of late years, which may be considered decisive of the in- tegrjty or the wisdom of its members, Mr. Kemps vote was always given with the friends of the people and the constitution, For more than thirty years he kept his ori- ginal pledge, never to accept place or pen- ' $ion; nor can any greater proof be-given of — the independence of his political conduct, than the circumstance of his being repeatedly returned 4s the representative of one of the most independent bodies of constituents in the kingdom. His remains were removed from Lewes for interment, to the family vault, in the chancel of Brighton chutch. The pro- scesion from,the house of the deceased was a spectacle, far more impressive than is com. ' @ 7 Sussewe—Hampshire. Whigs monly presented by ** the trappings and the suits of woe;’? more than two hundred of hig friends, including nearly all the principal inhabitants of the town, preceded the hearse beyond the confines of the borough, and there forming a lane through which the body and Telatives. slowly passed, paid the Jast melan. » choly tribute of respect to the memory of an individual, whose loss is regretted by every rank; and of a senator, who had served: his constituents and his country ‘faithfully and independently in six parliaments.” HAMPSHIRE. Moarried.| At Winchester, C. Lyford, esq. to Miss J. L. Marsh, youngest daughter of the late Dr, M. of Highworth. At Amport, J. Bishopp, esq. ef Weyhili, to Rachael, daughter of the late ——~ Percy, esq. At Southampton, M. de Choiseul, son of the Count ¢eC.'to Miss Sarah Johnson. At Fareham, William Gunner, -esq. of Bishop’s Waltham, to Lucy ‘Matilda, fitth daughter of the late Thomas Ridge, esq. of Kilmiston. At Widley, Captain Curtis, R.N. son of Admiral Sir Roger C. to Miss Greethaw, daughter of Moses G. esq. Judge Advocate. The Rev. W. M. Hurlock, to Elizabeth, second daughter of the Rey. F. W. Swanton, of King’s Worthy. At Ryde, Isle of Wight, Thomas Gallwey, esq. to the only daughter of the late Joha Hoppner, esq. R. A. At Lymington, Mr, Robert Perkins, ‘to Miss Lbraxton.—Samuel Page, esy. of Dough. ty-street, London, to Mrs. Norris, widow of © P. Norris, esq. of Roscomb Cottage, in this county. > At Hound Church, D. Gavey, esq. Captain in the Royal Veteran battalion, to Miss H. Gibson, daughter of the Kev. J. Gibson, of Godalming. Died, | At Southampton, Henrietta, second daughter of the late John Duer, esq. of An- tigua.—Miss Gordon, niece to Admiral Fer. guson.—Mr, Jones=—=Mr. Andrews, sen.—. Rear- Admiral Alexander Scott. At Winburne, Mrs. Ann Newell, wife of Captain N. of the Oxfordshire militia. At Portslade, Mrs. Borer, wife of John B, €sq. . At Combe, Christopher Rawlinson, esq. 75. At Winchester, Mrs. Cook,—Mrs, Goulds ing. At Romsey, Mrs. Mary Pocock, 100 <= My. Nicholas Dawkins, 92. ‘In Jersey, the Rev, John La Coche, 45 years rector of Trinity parish. , At Herndean, Mrs. Monro, rejict of Licus tenant-colonel M. of the Royal Marines, At Newport, Isle of Wight, in the 50th year of his age, the Rev. Sir Henry Worsley Holmes, LL.D. bart. who is succeeded in his title and estates by his eldest son, Lievtenant- colonel 598 eolonel Holmes, of, the North Hants militia, MMP. for Newport, now Sir Leonard Thomas Holmes, bart. hanclie lent 2 Mrs. Shoveller, of Titch- field, wife of Mr. William S. surgeon in the royal navy.—Mr. Haskell.—Mr. Morss. —Captain Alexander M‘Laughlin, 84th re- giment.—Mr. Cannon, second clerk in the gmascer-shipwright’s office in this dock-yard. Mr. Blissett, schoolmaster. At Rumsey, Mrs. Busigny, widow of the Jate Captain B. of the royal marines, who lost his life on board the Temeraire in the action eff Trafalgar, under Lord Nelson. k In Jersey, Mrs. Le Bretton, wife of Tho- mas Le B. esq. attorney-general of that * d. a Portsmouth, Mr.. Charier, many years French master at the Royal Naval Academy, in the Dock-yard.—Mr. Dav. Miall, brother ‘ofthe Rev. Daniel M. 60.—Mrs. Paine, 97. —Dr, Thomas Meik, who had been physician to the garrison 39 years.—Mr. Joseph Palm- er, 82.—Mr. Adams, purser in the royal navy-—Mr. Page. — At Alresford, Miss Mary Jones, 14. At Woodside, Lymington, Mr. George rdey- rae Tholley: Isle of Wight, Benjamin Leigh, esq.- the oldest member of the cor- goration of Yarmouth. * AtOdiham, Martha, youpgest daughter of the late John Payne, esq. of Barbadves. At Yarmouth, Isle of Wight, Robert Bowden, eldest son of Robert Smith, esq. of * Brokenhurst, New Forest. At Winchester, Mr. Crabb, 42. At Southampton, William Henry, son of - the Rev. Nathaniel Fletcher, rector of Don- head St. Ancrew, Wilts. ' Walter Borrowes, ¢sq. of Ryde, Isle of Wight, 46. WILTSHIRE. Married.] At Titherton, near Chippenham, Thomas Ebsworth, esq, of Lendon, to Mary Susannah, second daughter of T. Cook, esq. Hensy Simonds, esq. second son of William Blackall, 5S. esq. recelver general for Berk- shire, to Miss Goodman, daughter of J. G. esq. of Oare, in this county. ( . “at Westbury, W. D. Brice, esq. of Clifton, ’ to Miss Lewis, daughter of the late J, L. esq. of Bridgnorth. . At Devizes, the Rev. Thomas Butler, to Wiss Eldridge, of Old Park. At Corsham, Mr. W. Bodman, of Benacre, to Miss Thompson, of Thingley Farm. ‘ As Salisbury, Mr. T. Staples, to Miss Thresher. } Died.] At Rowd, near Devizes, Frances, yelict of Walter Post,'esq. 85. ' At Atford, Mr. G. Webb, cen. At Devizes, Mr. Dufiett, surgeon. At Albcurne, Mss. Ashley, relict of Mr. A. attorney. : me At Mere, Robert: Still, esq. a captain in the Wilts Lecal Militia, 27. Wilts— Berks—Somerset. if ‘lv 2 [July ts At Midghill, Richard Bradford, esq. 9 At Ludwell, Mr. W. Foot, 59. ’ At West Harnham, Miss E. Sweetapple.. At Salisbury, Mr. Joseph Sandell, 58.— Mrs. Oakley, wife of Mr. Richard O. and daughter of the late Rey. Samuel Stains, of Winfrith, ze ey At Cricklade, the Rey. William Wavell, the much-lamented clergyman of that parish, and eldest son of Dr. W.-an eminent physi-- cian of Barnstaple, Devon. At Warminster, Miss Annabella Lucas. At Bradford, Mr. Pedlar. ° At Manniagford Bruce, Mrs. Wells, wife of the Rey. Dr. W. ~ At Bulford Farm, near Amesbury, Mr, Devenish. BERKSHIRE. Married.| E. Whitaker, esq. of Bamptons Oxfordshire, to Miss Humfrey, of Holt House, near Workingham. ’ Died.] At Windsor, on his way from Bris= tol Hot-Wells to Epsom, Valentine Grime stead, esq. of the 3d regiment of foot guards. At Waltham;Place, Mrs. Grant, wife of | Charles G. esq, At Reading, Mrs. Zinzan, relict of Peter Z. M.D. : At Bracknell, Emerick-Vidsl, esq. many years secretary to Admirals Duff, Ross, and Kingsmill, SOMERSETSHIRE. The following is an account of the popula- tion of part of the city of Bath, agreeable to” the late census. The numbers of the exten= sive and populous parish of Walcot are not yet ascertained. It should be remarked, that in 1801, the numbers were taken in the late ter end of March, when, it may be presumed, the proportion of wisitors was considerably greater than at this late period of the season, PARISHES, 1801. ; 1811 © . .. § Males- 1048] 1179 - S. Peter and Peter's Females 1412| 1583 St. Tamer’a. cute S Males+ 2003) 2197 - Jame Females 2897 | 3056 ye Males - 1580| 1253 St. Michael’s « Females 2103} 1663 Lyncombe and Wid- § Males- 1231] 1398 combe - = = «= (Females i559) 2118 =a airy. Males- 1048] 1204 athwic Tae Females 1672! 1968 Males- 6829] not yer Walcot - + = Femal.10,730! Anown. Married.| At Bath, the Rev. H. Brereton, fellow of New College, Oxford, and head- master of Bedford School, to Miss Elizabeth Humphries, of Landsdown Crescent. ‘At Bristol, Mr. Richard Poole, solicitor, to Miss Davis, eldest daughter of Henry D. ~ esq. : Trantig Poole, esq. of Collumpton, Devony to Mrs. Bailey, of Nerth Petherton. Tbe Rev. Wilbraham Ford, rector of South Cainey ahd Ris:ington Parva, Gloucestershire, ‘ te . to si Ruitto, 1001. ditto—* “¥811,] ater of the late George Lia) ditto, 94]. d Vale, near Bristol, Phi- . lip JThe average y, esq. At, 1811, (cs. Elwin, wife of W. B. E. esq. mt and Mer9co%1.—The Rev. E. Haring- ton, scl. per sh late Sir Edward H. ” At Effordsh Frances, wife of the Rev. Ed- ward Eirmir, of West Alvington, near Kings- bridge, Devon, and youngest daughter of the late Jarses Wickham, esq. of Frome. At Little Keyford, near Frome, Benjamin Bayley, esq. At Wedmore, Mrs. Glanville, wife of Mr. G. surgeon, 27. At Rether Stowey, Samuel, son of the late Rev. S. Kebby. 65. At Bristol, Dr. J. Alexander, 62.—-T ho- mas Blair, esq. surgeon in the Royal Navy. —Mr. W. Ames. —Mr. Joseph Lansdowne, bookseller. At Bath, Mrs, Sheldon, 78.—Mr. John Moss, son of the late Rev. Canon M. of Weils Cathedral, and great nephew of the late’ Bishop of Bath and Wells.—Miss V. Casaux. , DORSET. _Married.| William Swyer, esq. of Shaftes- bury, to Miss Cole, of Marnhull. T.H. Bastard, esq of Charlton Marshall, to Miss Muston, only child of Mr, Robert M, of Blandford. . Died ] At Brownsea Castle, the Hon. Mrs. Butler Danvers, in the bloom of life; she had just been delivered of a son. Mrs, D. was the daughter of the late Humphry Sturt, esq. and her external accomplishments, elegant as they were, constituted but a small part of those perfections for which she was so justly and deservedly celebrated. Mr. Butler Dan- vers is serving in Portugal. At Henbury, the Right Hon. the Countess ef Stafford, widow of the late earl, and since ef Horace Charchill, esq. At Blandford, Mrs. Sarah Fitzherbert, daughter of the late Thomas F. esq. At Spilsbury, Louisa Georgiana, eldest daughter of fohn Talbot, esq. and niece to the Earl of Shrewsbzry. ’ ‘At Lyme, Mrs. Monkton, wife of Captain M. of the Royal Navy, 50. At Poole, Mrs. Humfrey, relict of W. H. esq. DEVONSHIRE. A plan for rendering Plymouth Sound ca- pable of receiving thircy sail of the line, is mow carrying into execution with every pro- bability of complete success. Married.| At Plymouth, Mr. James Rudd, of Yealmpton, to Miss A. Saunders. Died.) At Plymouth, Mrs. Rodd, 81.— Mrs. Smith.—Mrs. Frances Harding, 57.— Mrs. Congdon, wife of Mr. C. printer wad publisher of the Plymouth-Docl: Paper. At Exeter, Thomas >taiker, esq. 40. — Mrs. Ann Reed, wife of Mr, Wiiliam R. She was drawing abucket of water from a Jorset—Devon—Cornwall—Wales. 59 well, sixty feet deep, when she fell in; ime mediate assistance was procured, but she sur= vived only four hours. At Barnstaple, Miss Cathrine Stevens. Ac Tiverton, Mr. John Tucker, late pure ser of his Majesty’s ship Clyde, 35. At Stoke, Mr. Joseph Greenway, formerly of Exeter, of which city he was chief ma- gistrate in 1804. At Plymptoa, Miss Loftin, daughter of the late L. esq. of Marlow, Buclés. —Truly regretted by her family, and friends, Mrs. Katharine Kite, the amiable and respectable wife of Mr. William Al. len K. gentleman, of the said place, and daughter of the late Rev. Samuel North, rector of Muston, county of Leicester. CORNWALL, Married.] At Madron, the Rev. Thomas Robyns, to Miss Hichins, youngest daughter of Richard. H. esq. of Penzance. —Capt, Pen= nyment, of Whitehaven, to Miss Mary Bowen, of Penzance. At Perranzabuto, Henry Stevens, esq. royal military draftsman, to Miss Gill, niece of John Thomas, esq. of Chiverton, viceewarde of the Stanneries, : At Falmouth, Capt. Servis, to Miss Paddy. —Capt. Skelton, of the transport service, to Mrs. Lander.—Mr. Thomas Paull, of the Lady Arabella packet, to Miss Sarah Light. foot. - At Tregony, Isaac Shaw, esq. of London, to Susan, second daughter of Wm. Hamblyy esq. late of Falmouth. At Penzance, Mr. Parkins, surgeon of the Royal Navy, to Miss Mary Johns. At Llanteglos, Mr. Richard Waxts, to Miss Elizabeth Carpenier, youngest sister of Charles C. esq. ; Died} At Madron, near Penzance, Mr. Adam. At Penzance, Mrs. Bellman. At Penrice House, Rear-admiral Graves. At Liskeard, Mr. Knight, one of tae core poration of that borough.——-Mrs. Moon, relict of Mr, Theophilus M.—Mr. John Penwarnes —Mr. Charles Michell. At St. Austell, Mrs. Catherine Nankivell 5 68; andafew days afterwards, her husband, Mr. Wm. N..78.—Mr. John Arthur, 24. WALES. The first stone of a spasious building has been laid in Swansea, as a school for the in- struction of poor femule children on the Lane castfian system, nesses, accompanied by the children now edu- cating, (upwards of seventy in number) attended on che occasion, and the ceremony was interesting and affec.ing. A school for the education of boys has long since been erected, and, when the new edifice is Sum- pleted, there will be sufficient rodin to ace commodate avout six hundsed children of boia sexes. Married.] At Chrow church, Radnorshire, by the Rev. Mr. Venables, William Duwen, oye Several of the fair patro-- esq. of Little Haven, Pembrokeshire, to Hanmal, daughter of Sames Beavan, ¢sq.-of Liwynewillim. ‘ At Flint, Alexander Lowe Kaye, esq. to Miss Shackfield, only daughter of Edward &. esq. ; Dick] At Bryn Hafod, near Landilo, Mrs, Symes, wife of S esq, _ At Ruthin, Mrs. Meyrick, relict of the Rev. Mr. M. rector of Irawsfynydel, Meri- onethshire. NORTH BRITAIN. A surwey is nearly completed of an iron raitway from Sanguhar to Dumfries; and it is in agitation to continue it from Dumfries to Carlisle on the one hand, and from San- quhar through the populous parts of Ayr- oA = ae Monthly Commercial Report. , shife, to the line of t.. A i rs - I. 4 eee Ae [July 1, Sg = drossan canal. © radford, esq. Died.| Ac S&F House,’ 99: whe Right Honourable Alexander, Sweetappl ire, gc, he was only confined for {@mdell, 5; he is succeeded in his titles and V24F¢ Vs. gallant Viscount Macduff, who! Staingy, in Spain. - Nba At Middleton, in the parish of LoGhwin- noch, James CampbelJ, esq. By thgy most unwearied industry, and the most sordid habits, he had in the course of a long life, raised himself from the Humble station of a ditcher, to the possession of upwards of 20,0001. which, at his death, devolved upon about twenty poor persons, very distantly re= lated to him. , a MONTHLY COMMERCIAL REPORT. R RITISH Trave AND ManuracTures.—Since our last Report, the manufaetories have revived in a great degree, chiefly owing to large orders for all kinds of woollen, Kinen, and cotton, goods, having arrived here for the markets of Portugal and of South Ame- - ica. The goods of Birmingham and Sheffield are also in great demand at these markets. Credit and confidence, we are happy to say, revives, and the towns of Manchester, Notting- ham, é&c. &c. feel vast benefit from the happy change that has taken place. Pr tarates The West-India Islands are now in want of all kinds of British manufactured goods, as the stock in hand in these islands has been purchased up with avidity for the Spanish settlements. Trish linen, sheeting, &c. &c. render a full profit of 20 per cent. more than the usual profit attached to such speculations ; in fine, in spite of all Bonaparte’s edicts and restrictions, the commerce of our country flourishes, West Inpres.—Here the markets want every kind of British manufactured goods, and 2 large supply is expected by the next fleet from England. Irish linen, cloth, and beef,pork and butter, oF that country, will bring any price that may be demanded, ‘The crops of sngar ° appear abundant, and censequently rum will be lowered in price. Coffee is plenty in the market, and at very reduced prices. Nontw AMERIca.—The newly-formed connexion with this country, in an indirect way withy France, opens the eyes of the peoplealready to see how far it is their interest to continue their friendly intercourse with Great Britain. By the latest accounts from New York, Phi-_ Fadelphia, &c, &c. all kinds of British manufactures are become scaree and dear, and likely to continue so; for, under present circumstances, Americacannot exist in a commercial view, winless united with Great Britain. American produce, of every description, is reasonable in ourmarkets, and in very little demand. ‘The tobacco and timber of America are the two- principal articles of which we stand most in need of; and shoald tings take that favourable turn that we may expect in the north of Europe, the latter article from this country may be dispensed with. Soutn AmErrca.—Here the markets are glutted with all kinds of inferior goods, shipped | off from Great Britain principally by young speculators at Liverpool and Manchester, but the finer articles bear considerable profit, and are in great demand. Indigoes, cochineal, é&c. may be purchesed for direct bills on London, on very reasonable terms; and cotton wool reduced €onsiderably in price, owing chiefly to the low quotation of prices from England, Bills on London bear a high premium, and’are in great demand. East Inpirs.—The récent Jarge shipments from this part of the world to the United Com- pany at London, will no donbt cause a further reducticn in the prices of fine cotton wool, a8 well as that of all other kind of produce of India. their manvfacture, and likely to be an article of considerable importance. The sugars are every day amproving ia Ww s ‘Current Price’ of Shares in Navigable Canals, Docks, Bridges, Ruats, Water Works, and Fire and Life Insurance Companigs, at the Office of Messrs. Wolfe and Co. Canal Dock and: , Stock Brokers, No. 9, Change Alley, Cornhill, 2ist June, 1811.—Graud Junction Canal » 2211.per share.—Grand Surry, ditto, 100]. ditto.—Kennet and Avon ditto, 391. dittos—r Lancaster ditto, 241. ditto.—Leeds and Liverpool ditto, 2001. ditto.—-Rochdale ditto, 521. ditto —Wilts and Berks ditto, 30]. ditto.—Commercial Decks, 1301. ditto.—East Country dittv, 751. ditto.—East India ditto, 1251. per cente-London ditto, 1271. ditto.-Ditto Scrip, ~ 247 ditto premium,—West-India ditto, 1651. ditto.—Commercial London Water Works, 1591. per share.—-»Grand Junction ditto, 131. , Suuth London ditto, 1101. per sare—-Kent ditto, al, 4 ‘a Road, 1351. ditto.—East ~ - per share, premium.— pet share premium,e=West Middlesex , . ditto, . 42) J Monthly Botanical Report. €0L ditto, 1001. ditto-—Albion Insurance Office, 551. per share.-=Globe ditte, 1201. ditto,—Im= " perial ditto, 941. ditto, "The average prices of Navigable Canal Property, Dock Stock, Fire-office Shares, dc. in | June, 18-.., (to the 25th) at the Office of Mr. Scott, 28, New Bridze-street, Londons Trent and Mersey, or Grand Trunk Canal, 19001. the lest half-yearly dividend at the rare ef 451. per share clear, per annum.--Birmingham, 11001. ex divideud 211. clear, half-year. —Staffordshire and Worcestershire, dividing 21], per share clear, half-yearly, 790.—Warwick and Birmingham, 285(. dividing 111.—Monmouth, 1201.—Grand Junction, 2271. to 2241. “ex-dividend of 31. half-year.—Shrewsbury, 1451. dividing 81.—Kennet and Avon, 401.— ‘Wilts ana Berks, 301 —Rochdale, 521. to 541. ex dividend of 1l.—Ellesmere, 831. to 801 —« Grand Western, 191. discount.—Peak Forest, 811. to 80!.—Grand Union, 121. 10s, discount. “= Worcester and Birmingham Old Shares, 381.—New ditto, 10s. premium.—Dudley, 57% ‘with 11. dividend.— West India Dock Stock, 1651.—London Dock, 128. 1271..to 1271. 10s. —Ditto Scrip, 251. per cent. premium.—Commercial Dock old shares, 1591. with new shat “attached.—Globe, 1201.—Rock, 183. premium.—East London Water-Works, 1581.—Grand “Junction ditto, 13]. premism.—Strand Bridge, 141. discount.— London Flour Company, 101. 40i.—Dover-street-road, 91. discount. y oad : a MONTHLY BOTANICAL REPORT. ‘THE physiology of vegetables has been but little prosecuted in this country of late years, , considering its great importance, though Dr. Grew in the 17th century laid a valuable foundation for this study. The French botanists have pursued the subject with more ardour. “It has not been however by any means totally neglected here. Mr. Knight in particular hae applied himself with great assiduity to this subject, and, in various papers published in the Philosophical Transactions, has, we think, thrown more light upon the theory of vegetatiom than any of his predecessors, at home or abroad. Nor should the labours of Mrs. Ibbetson im ‘this line be passed unnoticed. This ingenious lady has made a number of very interesting observations and experiments, which certainly throw light upon the subject, but the very high ‘magnifying power she uses, aided by the warmth of her imagination, seems often to have led “her into the regions of fancy; and the little knowledge she has of what has been already tedone, and even of the terms used by preceding writers, throws an ebscurity over her writings, which makes it very difficult to understand them. «Mr. Knight's opinions and observations, though highly luminous and satisfactory with ree gard to the immediate subject of his inquiry, yet being written at different times, and witha “particular view to the illustration sometimes of one point and sometimes another, are not “easily connected together, so as to form ‘in the mind a clear Idea of hie theory. We suppose that this difficulty has been felt by many, as well as ourselves; and some of his friends have urged him to give a conneceed view of his theory of vegetation, which he has done in a very ‘satisfactory manner in a piper upon the culture of the Melon, in the Transactions of the ‘Horticultural Society, published at page 217 of their first volume. Of this theory, as there -lelivered, we shall attempt to give a concise view, nearly in the words of the author. In the organs of the seed, but principally in the cotyledons, as much of the concrete sap of ‘the parent plant is lodged as is suflicient to feed its offspring, till that has attached itself to ‘the soil, and become capable of absorbing and assimilating new matter. The organizable “matter probably exists in the cotyledons of the seeds, in the same state as it exists in the albur- mum of trees ; and, like that, it apparently undergoes considerable changes before it becomes the true circulating fluid of the plant. In some it becomes saccharine, in others acrid and bit= ter during germination. In this process the vital fluid is drawn by the caudex of the plumule, or bud, through vessels which correspond with those of the bark of che future tree; and are ‘andeed cortical vessels. "From the point of the caudex (efroneously called the radicle*) springs the first reot, which s, at this period, without aiburnum ; and, if uninterrupted by obstacles in its way, constagrly descends in a straight line towards the centre of the earth, in whatever situation the seed “may happen to be placed. * Soon after the first root has been emitted, the caudex elongates, and takes a direction’ dj- rectly opposite to that of the root; and, in many plants, Taisca the cotyledons out of the ground, which then become the seed-l¢aves of the plaat. During this period the young plant derives its putriment almost always from the cotyledons or seed-leaves; and if those are u@estroyed, it perishes. — The bark of the root now begins to deposit albuminous or woody matter; and, as soon as dt is formed, the sap, which had hitherto only descended through the cortical vessels, be- TT LLG OL EAL LL LLD LLL LLL LLL LLL LOL ALAIN - ® It was this term of radicle which misled Mrs, Ibbetéon, whe understood by it the ror; and is ewrprised that botanists should speak of a part, a3 existing in the embryo of the seed, which ehe declares never can exist prier to germination. Montiey MAG, No. 214, 4H zit, [ — —— = * a all . if 608° Monthly Botanical Report. . [July ‘ - gins to ascend throuzh the alburnum. The plumule in consequence elongates, its leaves ene large and unfold; and a set of vessels, which did not exist in the root, are now brought inta action: ‘There, which [ have called the central vessels, surround the medulla, and, between -it and the bark form a circle vpon which the alburnum is deposited by the bark, in the form of wedyeés, or like’the stones of an arch. Through these vessels, which diverge into the leaf~ stalks, the sap ascends, and is dispersed through the vessels and parenchymatous substance of . the leaf.~ And in this organ, the fluid, recently absorbed from the soil, becomes conyerted -Gnto the-true sap or blood of the plant. And, as this fluid, during germination, descended “from the cotyledons and seed-leaves of the plant, so it now descends from its proper leaves, ‘and adds, in its descent, tothe bulk of the stem and the growth of the root. Alburnum is tilso deposited in the stem of the plant below the proper leaves, as it was previously deposited below the sved-Jeaves. And from this spring other central yessels, which give existence toy @nd-feed, other leaves and buds. ' , é ‘ A’péttion of the true sap appears, in its descent down the bark, to secrete into the albur- num, through passages correspondent to the anastomosing vessels of the animal economy. ¥lence the® ascending fluid "becomes ‘mixed with a portion of the descending sap in the elburnum. , The full-grown leaves prepare the fluid which generates other young leaves, the health and growth of whith ere 2s much dependant upon the full-grown leaves, as those, when first formed, were upon the cotyledons, . The power of each proper leaf to generate sap, in any given species and variety of plants 4ppéafé to be ‘in a compound ratio of its width, its thickness, and the exposure of its upper éurface to the light in a proper temperature. The mature leaves increse rapidly in propor- tion to the young leaves, and the creation of sap consequently exceeds the expenditure. It 4s therefore accumulated during a succession of weeks, or months, or years, according to the poatural habits ahd duration ‘of the pldnt; and varying considerably according to the soil and climate. ‘The sap; thus’ generated, is deposited in the bulb of the tulip, in the tuber of the potatoe, in the fibrous roots of grasses, and in the alburnum of trees, during winter 5 f€nd is dispersed through their foliage and bark during the spring and summer. _ . When the plant has attained puberty, a portion of its sap is expended on its blossoms an fruit; which are fed by vessels apparently similar to those of the succulent, annual shoot and leaf stalk, and which probably convey a similar fluid; fora bunch of grapes grew.and ripened, » when grafted on a leaf-stalk. ¥ “ The fruit or seed-vessel appears to Lc generated always by the prepared sap of the plant, and its chief office’to be to adapt the fluids to the proper nourishment of the seed. , Mr. Knight has illustrated the above theory by an application of it to the culture of the Melon; @ fruit which is so often found to be so defective in richness and flavour, as to be hardly worth cultivating. ‘This detect Mr. Knight found by experiment to be owing to the want of a sufficient number of leaves, exposing their upper surfaces to the light. For the sténis and footstalks of the melon under the hot-bed frame are so weak, that when the leaves are displaced from their proper position, they are not able to regain it. This observation led him to direct that more care should be taken to preserve the leaves in theix natural position, with the upper surfaces exposed to the light, which was effected by the aid of little wooden hoeks, with which the trailing stems, and even the footstalks of the leaves were secured in their propet places; and by avoiding pouring the water in the usual way upon the leaves of the plant; using instead of a common watering-pot, one with a spout adapted for pouring the water upon the tiles which cover the bed, without touching the leaves. By this manage- + ment Myr. Knight found that his melons were no longer defective in richness and flavour. , * It may be of use to mention here, that the variety of melon which Mr. Knight exclusively evltivates, on account of its superior flavour, and which we believe is little known to culti- vators in general, is the gne that was imported by Mr. J. Hawkins from Salonica. The form of this variety is nearly spherical, without any depressions upon its surface. Icis of a golden eolour, and its flesh periectly white. “This kind Mr. Knight says continues to improve in flavour and fichness till it becomes externally soft, and betrays some symptoms of decay ‘The consistence of its flesh.isethen hearif that of a water-melon; and its taste sa sweet, that few will think it improved by the addition of sugar, The weight gf a good melon of this yariety is about seven pounde. pi : = ee oe eee The tenth volume of the Transactions of the Linnzwan Scciety is published. Dr. Smith has given us a translation of Linnzeus’s Your in Lapland, now first published from the'manuscript journal. Tt isin two volumes octavo, and is illustrated by wooden cuts, being fac-similes of the pen and ink sketches in the original. ‘ % ae ie A journal of a (botanical) Tour in Iceland, by Mr. William Jackson Hooker, is printed, but not published. het ar: : diet fh ae aa ~The first volume of the Transactions of the Wernerian Society, Edinburgh, is only inte- resting to the botanist, om account of a paper on the natural order of Coniorte of Linnzeus, by Mr. Brown, of which we hope at a future time to give some accoynt to our readers. . t Men ae ov ose oMONTHLY . oA ots RSI] CE 603°) NATURALIST’s MONTHLY REPORT. MAY. x " Leajfing month. Hail! bounteous. May, that dost inspire Mirth and youth and warm desire ; Woods and groves are of thy dressing, ; Hill and dale doth boast thy blessing. =i - ON the ist of the month the wind was south-west; from the 2d to the 4th westerly; from the 5th to the 1ith seuth-west; on the 12th and 13th to the south-east; on the 14th south and south-west; on the 15th and 16th soyth-east; on the 17th and 18th easterly ; from the 19th to the 23d easterly ; on the 23d and 24th south-west ; from the 25th to the £7 tir southerly; on the 28th and 29th west; on the 30th south; and on the Sist south-east, We had a heavy gale of wind, accompanied with shower:, on the 5th, and strong gales on the ¥d, 6th, 14th, 19th, 28th, and 29th. j The only thunder storin we had in the course of the month was in the morning of the 12th, and it was of short duration. i ‘ We had rain on the 1st, 3d, Sth, 6th, Yth, 8th, Oth, 10th, tith, 15th, i6th, 24th; 28th, and Sist. Theveather has not been so hot as it frequently is in the month of May. May 2d. Toads begin to croak in the evenings. é The swifts are now seen in considerable numbers, and fly screaming after each other in the #ame manner as they do in the middle of summer. May 4th. The nightingale is arrived. Sweet-scented vernal grass (anthoxanthum odoratum) is in flower. It is this grassy chiefly, that gives to hay its peculiar ecent. May 6th. The black-cap sings. * The cuckoo is arrived. Mushrooms are gathered. May 7th. Chafiers (scarabzus meloiontha) begin-to fly about in the evenings. It.is really wonderfu} to observe with what exactness of time the first leafling of the trees, and the emerging of these insects from the ground, take place. Whether the season be early or late, the chaffers invariably make their first appearance as soon as a sufficiency of food is proyided for them by the vernal foliage. APTI, May 8th. The seyen-spotted lady-bug (coccinella septempunctata) flics about. The bloom of the hawthorn begins to expand. 3 Damson-trees are in bloom. Yellow wagtails (sotacilla fava) appear. ; : May 12th. This was a close, damp, and yet sultry, day. The ponds and manure heaps aloag the sides of the road were extremely offensive. The caterpillars of the barred tree, lackey-moth (ombyx neustrius of Haworth) begin to @merge from the ova which the parent insects deposited in the autumn round slender twigs of apple-trees. These caterpillars are in some seasons so numerous.as to devour a great part of the foliage. There has been of late so much rain in the country to the westward, that the rivers haye overflowed their banks. ; May 13th. The sowing’of barley, which was much retarded by the wet weather, is now" going on; and, if the weather continues fine for a few days longer, will be finished. ; May 15th. ., Bird’s-foot trefoil (ornithopus perpusillus), heart medick (medicago polymorpha), gommon vetch (wicia sativa), and common bitd’sefoot trefoil (lotus corniculatés), are in flower, The hawthorn also is now in full bloom. May 20th. The chaffers are not at all numerous; but, if we may judge by the devastations which have of late been committed by the chaffer-grub (or rook-worm as it is usually called) it seems prubable that in the next spring these insects will be unusually abundant. ; The froth-worm, or cuckoo-spit, appears on the blades of grass and other herbage. The leaves of the mulberry-tree are not yet fully expanded. Those of the walnut-tree have been much injured by the chafters. May 26th. Wall butterfly (papilio megera), red admiral (papilis atalanta), and fern chaffeg (scarabeeus horticola), appear. * May 27th. Young wood-pigeons are nearly fledged, Rye is in full ear; andthe bramble, and dog-rose, are in flower, May 30th. Green pease, and ripe strawberries gathered. May 3ist. The crops of grass are heavier in this neighbourhood than they have been for several years past. The rye also promises to afford an avundant crop; and the wheat and yarley are, on the whole, looking very well. The yellow iris, and fox-glove, are in flowsre ‘ Lampshire, y , ont MONTHULK Ss ie Fs Eto | Golgs, ‘MONTHLY AGRICULTURAL REPORT. #rats is generally down in the vicinity of London; and the hay harvest proceeding im all the forward parts of the country. Although a considerablg and profitable bulk, the Sheadow hay does not quite equal the general expectation as to quantity ; but pasture lands, and the artificial grasses, were scarcely ever more remarkable for weight of swathe. The grass is also very forward on all mowed and cleared grounds. Wheats are now in high bloom, and although the late cold and changeable weather and high winds have in some degree affected their colour, no damage is yet apprehended, and in gen days or a fortnight more the blooming will generally be overt in the southerp counties. In some of tlie cold and wet lands wheat looks rather sickly, and recovery will depend en~ tirely on thé state of the weather during the next two or three weeks. They talk of toe ‘great a bulk of straw upon inferior lands, fer the crop to be very productive on such, but the “warm and good lands ate of the highest promise. The growth of spring wheat is full as @onsiderable as last year. # The spring crops promise a general abundance, with the exception of some barleys and oats, which have been blighted, probably as well by the lightning as the'chills and vatiable wea- ther. Péase ahd beans will be a full crop—potatoes an extraordinary one. It is said the potatoe-crop in Lancashire has been for several years overdone, much undrained and impropér dand being applied to that purpose, to the great deterioration of the quality of the Lancashire foot. Hops will be an universal crop, and fruit most abundant. Some little damage has been dione to the rutaboga, by the slug or fly. English turnips will be rather a late season. The dands work admirably. : 1 Fat beef uncommonly dear—store cattle somewhat cheaper, the grass going off. In Ireland and Wales, the seasoms have been wet, cold, and backward, probably nearia month behind the southern parts of England. In France, and generally upon the Centinent, she present, it is said, will be the most productive year of the last ten. Smithfield: Beef, 5s. 4d. to Gs. 4d. ;—Mutton, 5s. 4d. to 6s. Od. 5 Veal, 6s. to 7s 6d. 5 Lamb, 6s. 8d. to 7s. 8d,;—Pork, 5s. 4d, to 68. 8d. ;—-Bacon, 7s. Od. to 73. 4d.—Irish ditt, H. 4d. to Gs. Od. ;—Fat, 3s. 6d. ; Skins, 20s. to 30s. Travels in Spain, : undaunted courage in the cause of her country. Numerous were the instances of female heroism. Women, many of them of the highest orders of life, and of elegant habits, without respect to rank, formed themselves into corps, to carry provisions, to bear away the wounded to the hospitals, and to fight in the streets, in which they were frequently accome- panied by children, who, with the pleas sure displayed in their amusements, rashly and exultingly rushed into danger, and could not be prevailed on to stay in those places which the firing of the enemy had then spared. Amongst other fes males who distinguished themselves in this illustrious siege, was’ one named Benita, who headed one of these corps. This lady, after rendering many impor tant services “and encountering many perils, rapidly died of a broken heart, upon hearing that her ddughter had been shot. In this siege, no less than six hundred women and children perished by the bayonet or the bullet. At Jength, the city nearly demolished by the con- stant firing of an immense artillery, and of about forty thousand shells, aud the surviving troops and inhabitants quite wort out hy disease, fighting, and famine, their idolized: general no longer able to attend to the duties of his eventful com- mand, all these afflicting circumstances conspiring, the besieged were obliged with broken hearts to surrender, and they accordingly laid down their arms at the gate of the portillo, on the 2ist of February, 1809, afier having covered themselves with glory during one of the most memorable sieges in the annals of war, which lasted sixty-three days. THE SUPREME JUNTA. The patriots of Spain, high and low, seemed to have but one opinion of the ‘Supreme Junta. In this opinion its members were divided into four classes ; the first comprehended one’ or two able and upright men; the second those who, without actually corresponding with the enemy, did not hesitate, every oppor- tunity within their powers, and to its full extent, to sacrifice the interests of their country to their own personal aggran- dizement ; the third those who were weak and easily intimidated; and the fourth those who looked on with perfect apathy, and sanctioned every measure without investigation; such were the function- aries who camposed “this new majesty of Spain, in which neither the king, the aristocracy, nor the people were repre- sented, 635 DEFENCE 636 DEFENCE OF MONTSERRAT. From a height near this hermitage, pace de Schilling pointed out the road below, which he took when he headed the monks and the peasants of the estates belonging to the monastery, gaye battle to the French, and defeated them. Of this singular conflict he furnished me with the following modest, brief, and simple, narrative in writing: — “Lam by birth a German nobleman, and was formerly in the army: when we received intelligence of the French haying parched from Barcelona to surprize us,- I put myself at the head of our peasants, and, fallowed by some of the monks, ad- vanced to engage the military banditti. We met at the yillage of Bruch, near Montserrat; the enemy had about four thousand chosen men, well equipped. My rustic force was about the same nuinber, but badly armed, and few of them accustomed to military manceuvres, However, full of loyalty and ardour, in defence of our sacred mountain, and, committing ourselves to the protection of Gad, we gaye them battle, and, after an obstinate and bloody contest, succeeded in driving them as far as Martorel, making in the course of three hours great slaughter amongst them. In this battle, one of the hermits fought bravely, and died gloriously. When the enemy halted at Molins de Rey, upon their retreat, I dispatched a messenger to the general commanding the French forces, with a ehallenge to meet me in personal com- bat with the sabre, but he refused, and _ with his forces returned to Barcelona.” “© Qn the 24th of the same month, the French returned in considerable farce, to the attack, but were again repulsed. © In this affair [slew the French commander.” - On the Sd of January, 1809, about -forir o’clock in the afternoon, the enemy, amounting to about one thousand nine hundred men, under the command of General Davoust, again suddenly and unexpectedly appeared before the moun- tain. The monks fled to the summit, and I went to collect my peasants.. The French entered the monastery, where, _after killing two of cur people left in it, they broke open our apartments, and carried off whatever was easily remov- able, even the linen which he had left behind. Davoust, with solemn affec- tation of picty, and declaring himself to be a good catholic, would not permit any of the soldiers to enter the church, His object was to secure a choice of the pre- cious treasure of our Virgin, which be Sir John Carr’s Travels in Spaine : doubtless felt sure of finding, but we had previously buried it, and the secret was, confided to myself and two of my bre- thren. Accordingly, the French com- mander returned to his impatient sol. diers, who soon heard the mortifying In- telligence, that the riches of our Lady of the Mount had been removed, and that no one knew where. : ; “The next morning, the miscreants hearing that our peasants were collect. ing, retired about eight o'clock: as they descended, we dispatched about thirty of them by firing, and hurling down large stones upon them, from the heights which we occupied. We afterwards heard that General Duhesme ordered Davoust to be put under arrest for at- tacking our mountain without orders.” Padre de Schilling informed me, that the present populauon of the mountain was as follows: Sacerdoci, or monks 2 = 56, Laici, or lay brothers = = = 17 Picoli, or young choristers - 24 Heremetos, or hermits - = @ Emigrants from Barcelona + 70 Total 174 COUNTRY OF MAJORCA, Having visited every otject worthy of notice in the city of Palma, I joined an agreeable party on mules to the ccle- brated ‘monastery of Valdemusa os Mosa. Our nde, which Jasted about three hours, lay through an. exquisitely, rich, and highly cultivated, country, con- sisting of corn-land, vineyards, and woods of olive, carob, almond, pome- granate, and apple-trees. Male and female peasants with long hair, generally plaited, wearing large black felt hats, and dresses of blue serge, much in the style of those of Helland, displaying neatness and contentment, divided the labours of the field. Instead of the mantilla, a head-dress called the rebuzillo, or double handkerchief, is worn by the female, which covers the head, is fastened onder the chin, falls over the shoulders and back, and is far trom being becoming. The male peasants generally wear leather shoes. and spatterdastes. In the streets of Palma, Imet several youths attired as ecclesiastics, but I found that they did — nat belong to the church, and wore this — dress only through econgmy, many of them not having a shirt to wear. ie It was now the almond-harvest, and merry groups, young and old, were ass sembled to collect this delicious fruit } from Sir. John Carr's from the delicate trees that bore it. The eye could not turn but to banquet on some beautiful or romantic object. Every cottage was a picture, and the industry and happiness of man seemed to co-operate with the beneficence of the soil and climate. There are no carriages for hire in this island; we were therefore indebted to the marquis of B for a tolerably con- structed one, drawn by four mules to earry us part of the. way to Soller, (pro- nounced Solia,) the capital of the orange country lying to the north-west of Palma. Our road lay through a continued scene of rural beauty, culture, and fertility, the intercst of which was increased by the agreeable conversation of Senor Don Lorenzo and Senor Don Vallori, two gentlemen who were pleased to pay me ‘great attention in this island. We: no- ticed the caper, which in various parts of -this island grows wild, ia considerable quantities, and forms a lucrative subject of exportation to the individual who is prin- cipaily engaged in it. In no part‘of England have I seen more agricultural neatness and industry. All the stone fences, dividing one field from another, were kept in the highest order, as were the walls which embanked the rising grounds, In the immense «woods of olives, by which we passed, I noticed someof the most venerable olive- trees L had yet seen; our intelligent com- panion told us, that there was no doubt of some of them being between four and five hundred years old, as appeared by the title-deeds and register of some of the estates; indeed several were perfect skeletons, and rested upon bare roots rudely resembling tripods. We partook of a noble dinner at Alfabia, distant from Palma about three hours, the coun- try-house of Signor Zaffortesa, than which it would be difficult to conceive any spot under heaven more beautiful or tranquil. The riches of this gentlernan are very great. Upon the marriage of his brother, he presented him with three hundred thousand dollars, and two coaches filled with silver plate. Behind the house, which was spacious, were orchards \of mulberry and almond trees, gardens abounding with the finest vegetables, fruits, orange and citron groves, a long and exquisite treillage of the most lus- cious vines, with numercus jet d’eaux playing on each side between every arch, whilst the air was perfumed with the fragrance of lavender and thyme growing wild, the whole secured on all sides by _ Mowrury Mas, Nos 215." , Travels in Spain. 637, lofty and picturesque mountains, covered nearly to their craggy summits. with olives. The grounds were supplied with water from a spacious tank, round the edges of which the cenlentrillo, a plant, from which capillaire is made, grew, and which, as we were informed, was a proof of the purity of the water; and I also noticed large myrtle-trees bearing 3 small fruit of a dark biue colour, which when ripe is eaten, In the chapel be- longing to the house, we were shewn the state chair of the ancient kings of Ma- jorea; at dinner we were regaled with several delicious wines, the production ° of the island, the best of which, amongst the white wines, are cailed Mollar, Male vasia, Giro, Montona, Pampol, and Mus- cadell; amongst the red, Binisalem, Banubufar Inca, and Son Berga. Tf noticed two or three hawks hovering over the ground, but the island is said to be free from venomous animals, As the road beyond Aifabia is impas- sable for carriages, our friends returned to Palma, and we proceeded on mules over a rough road through a beautiful, rich, and mountainous, country, embel- lished with many fine stately evergreen oaks and firs. Instead of saddles, our mules were provided with goat-skins and two panniers, The cruppers chiefly in use are made of wood. ‘Their carts are just as simple; they will hold but little more than what a good sized English wheelbarrow will, and their unwieldiness is only to be accounted for by the ex- treme bad state of the roads, which are maintained by a slight tax upon the ar- ticles of life. The male peasants ride sideways, owing to which, and their full trowsers and large hats, at a little distance they may easily bé mistaken for females : the children are whimsically enough car- ried in panniers upon asses. We reached the town of Soller, after a ride of about two hours, just as the sun was tinging witli his last beam the vast groves of oranges which surround it to a great dise tance. In our way the peasants very courteously saluted us with “ Bon dia tinga,” or good day. Their language, we were told, differs somewhat from that used on the continent. It is said to be tinctured with Greek, Latin, Arabic, Languedocian, Catalonian, and Casti. lian, with a dash of Carthaginian, Syrian, and Gothic, words. The higher orders, and even the sailors generally speak Castilian. The town, which is said ta’ contain about eight thousand inhabitants, the greater part of whoim are orange- : 4N farmers, 638 farmers, lies in part of the valley of Soller, and in its outskirts presents some beau- tiful subjects for the pencil: during our stay, we lodged at the house of the Mar- quis del Campo Negro, whose steward and his wife, inthe absence of their lord, attended to our accommodation. This house, which was rather mean, derived no advantage whatever from its being placed in-so beautiful a spot of the cre- ation: for itis approached by a lane, and its front looks upon a stony dilapidated wall. I arose with the sun to contem- plate the richness of the celebrated vale of orange-trees, which is well watered by a variety of little brooks, but though very beautiful it would be much improved, in picturesque effect, if other trees relieved the rich monotony of the view. ROYAL FAMILY. Attended by an Englishman long re- gident. at Palma as an interpreter, we had the honour of an interview with two members of the unfortunate royal family of Spain, Donna Maria Theresa de Val- labriga, and her daughter the’ Infanta Donna Maria Luisa de Bourbon. The . former is the niece of the late Don Pedro Estuardo (Stuart) Marques di San Leo- nardo, a brother of the old Marshal Duke of Berwick, and who, with the consent of Charles III. was married to his youngest brother the Infant Don Louis, upon condition that she should not be acknowledged, nor the issue of the marriage entitled to any privileges. Don Louis had been bred to the church ori- ginally, was raised to the rank of car- dinal, and appointed archbishop of To- ledo, which he resigned on being dis- pensed from his vows. Soon after his death, Jeaving three children, a boy and two girls, it was publicly declared that the early and singular inclination, which these children had exhibited for the church, had determined his majesty to yield to their pious propensities ; and ac- cordingly the girls were placed in a con- vent, and the boy committed to the care of the cardinal. Lorenzana, then arch- bishop of Toledo, and educated in the palace of that town, to which elevated rank he has since succeeded, and is like- wise a cardinal and archbishop of Seville. On the death of the king, the eldest of the girls, as before noticed, was married to Godoy, the Prince of the Peace, the words of the patent; for the Spaniards deem it impious to say Prince of Peace, an attribute of our Saviour, though com- monly called so by the English. Shortly Leiters of Anna Seward: after ‘these nuptials, performed by. the brother with royal magnificence, a.pro- clamation appeared, restoring the chile dren of the late Infant Don Louis to their just rights, in which King Charles IV. endeavoured ‘to apologize for the conduct of his father towards them, and consequently, had Spain remained in tranquillity, the succession to the Spanish monarchy would have been as open to them, as to the other branches of the royal family, it being generally believed that the cortes, holden upon Charles the IVth. accession, had rescinded the prag- matic sanction of Philip the Vth. son to Louis the XIVth. by which the crown was limited to male issue alone, and thus the females, as formerly practised in Old Spain, were admitted to an equal right. Donna Maria Theresa, and her young- est daughter, were living in great retire- ment in the palace of the Marquis of Sollerick, having recently made their escape under circumstances of romantic piece and enterprise, attended by a faith- ful priest, Michael de! Puego, from Zaragoza, where the young Infanta had been placed in a convent. ; The former of these two personage was a noble-looking and rather dark woman, the latter very fair and of a fine complexion. Donna Maria held the French in such abhorrence, that she avoided making use of the language as much as possible. In our presence, she took an affecting and painful review of the reverses of her fortune, and with tears said, “though politics have but little attracted my attention, I have long foreseen the subtle intentions of Buona- arte, and the overthrow of the august ouse to which I belong. What will be our final destiny I know not, nor can [ tell where we shall be obliged to seek an asylum,” here she was so affected, that she paused for a minute, and then ad ded, “I look to Heaven, there is my only consolation!” Through the interpreter, I recommended her to seek protection in England; but the horror she entertained of so long a voyage, and the desire of re- maining in any part of Spain that held out for the legitimate throne, seemed to have too full possession of her mind to induce her to attend to the recommens ~ dation. EEE LETTERS or ANNA SEWARD. Written between the Years1784 and 1807. IN SIX VOLUMES. . 1y_other words this work consists of the Life and Opinions of Miss Seward, written a 4 Letters of Anna Seward. ‘written by herself, in the novel form of letters to her friends. He who loves “literature and is not grateful to the au- thoress for this legacy, must have a cold heart and a fastidious judgment. For our parts we recollect no work, for some time ‘past, which has afforded us equal pleasure. Ascompositions, these letters are elegant and spirited; in their opi- hions, they are generally liberal and always sensible; and their information is often as original and interesting as it is comprehensive and universal. * The form of biography which Miss Seward has thus ingeniously invented, has enabled her to incorporate her obser- ¥ations on current ‘public events, with details of her course of reading and study, and with anecdotes of her private life. Her work would, however, have been more approved of, if all strictures on living characters had been expunged ; Miss Seward having, like other fallible censors, imbibed prejudices, by viewing some characters through false mediums, ‘Miss Seward’s praises of Mr. Hayley, Mr, Whalley, Mr. Southey, Mr. Cole- ridge, Mr. Scott, Mr. Park, and many other surviving literati are liberally and judiciously bestowed. Her just execra- tion of Reviews, and of the principles and practices of anonymous criticism, will, however, draw upon her the denuncia- tions of those. who live by that species of FeLony, and probably tarnish the lustre, and diminish the immediate sale of her work. JOHNSON’S LAST ILLNESS. I have lately been in the almost daily habit of contemplating a very melancholy spectacle. The great Johnson is here, labouring under’ the paroxysms of a disease, which must speedily be fatal. He shrinks from the consciousness with the extremest horror. It is by his re- peatedly expressed desire that I visit hira often: yet I am sure he neither docs, nor ever did feel much regard for me; but he would fain escape, for a time, in any society, from the terrible idea of his ap- proaching dissolution. I never would be awed by his sarcasms, or his frowns, into acquiescence with his general injustice to the merits of other writers; with his na- tional or party aversions; but I feel the truest compassion for his present suffer- ings, and fervently wish I had power to relieve them. A few days since IT was to drink tea ‘with him, by his request, at Mrs, Porter's. When I went into the room, he was in 639 deep but agitated slumber, in an arm. chair. Opening.the door with that caus tion due to the sick, he did not awaken at my entrance. I stood by him several minutes, mournfully contemplating the temporary suspension of those vast intel. lectual powers, which must so soon, as to this world, be eternally quenched. Upon the servant entering to announce the arrival of a gentleman of the univer- sitys introduced by Mr. White, he awoke with convulsive starts,—but rising, with more alacrity than could have been ex= pected, he said ‘‘Come, my déar lady, Jet you and I attend these gentlemen in the study.” He received them with more than usual complacence; but whims sically chose to get astride upon his chair-seat, with his face to its back, keeping a trotting motion as if on horseé= back; but, in this odd position, he poured forth streams of eloquence, illumined by frequent flashes of wit and humour, with- out any tincture of malignity. That amusing part of this conversation, which alluded to the learned Pig, and his demi- rational exhibitions, I ‘shall transmit to you hereafter. DR. JOHNSON. The old literary Colossus* has been some time in Lichfield. The extinction, in our sphere, of that mighty spirit ap- proaches fast. A confirmed dropsy deluges the vital source. [ft is melan- choly to observe with what terror he con- templates his approaching fate. The religion of Johnson was always:deeply tinctured with that gloomy and servile superstition which marks his political Opinions, He expresses these terrors, and justly calls them miserable, which thus shrink from the exchange of a diseased and painful existence, which gentler human beings consider as the all- recompensing reward of a well-spent life. Yet have not these humiliating terrors by any means subdued that malevolent and envious pride, and literary jealousy, which were ever the vices of his heart,’ and to which he perpetually sacrificed, and continues to sacrilice, the fidelity of representation, and the veracity of deci- sion. His memory is considerably im- paired, but his eloquence rolls on in its customary majestic torrent, when he speaks at all. My heart aches to see him labour for his breath, which he draws with great effort indeed. It is wot impro= bable that this literary comet may set LLL, * Johnson, where 610 where it rose, and Lichfield receive his “pale and stern remains. DR, DARWIN. Almost five years are elapsed since Dr. Darwin left Lichfield. A handsome young widow, relict of Colonel Pool, by whom she had three children, drew from us, in the hymeneal chain, our celebrated physician, our poetic and witty friend. The doctor was in love like a #ery Celadon, and a numerous young family are springing up in consequence of a union, which was certainly a little unac- countable; not that there was any won- der that a fine, graceful, and affluent, young woman, should fascinate a grave philosopher; but that a sage of no elegant external, and sunk into the vale of years, should, by so gay a lady, be preferred to younger, richer, and handsomer, suitors, was the marvel; especially since, oval lively, benevolent, and by no means defi- cient in native wit, she was never sus- pected of a taste for science, or works of imagination. Yet so it was; and she makes her ponderous spouse a very at- tached, and indeed devoted, wife! The poetic philosopher, in return, transfers the amusement of his leisure hours, from the study of botany and mechanics, and the composition of odes and_ heroic verses, to fabricating riddles and, cha- rards!) Vhus employed, his. mind is somewhat in the same predicament with Hercules’s body, when he sat amongst the women, and handled the distaff. Dr. Darwin finds himself often sum- moned to Lichfield; indeed, whenever symtoms of danger arise in the diseases of those whose fortunes are at all compe- tent to the expence of employing a dis- tant physician. When I see him, he shall certainly be informed how kindly your ladyship enquires after his welfare, and that of his family. His eldest son by his. first wife, who was one of the most enlightened and charming of wo- men, died of a putrid fever, while he was studying physic. at Edinburgh, with the most sedulous attention, and the most promising ingenuity. His second is an attorney at, Derby, of very distinguished merit, both as to intellect and virtue ;— and your play-fellow, Robert, grown to an uncommon height, gay and blooming aS & morn of summer, pursues medical studies in Scotland, under happier auspices, [ hope, than his poor brother. CHARACTER OF JONNSON. If Dr. Johnson's heart had been as Letters of Anna Seward. comprehensively berevolent as his genius was comprehensive, the excess of unqua- _ lified praise, now poured upon his tomb, had been deserved. Unhappily for his own peace, as for the posthumous fame of our English classics, his adherence to truth was confined to trivial occurrences, and abstract morality, his generosity to giving alms, his sincerity to those he hated, and his devotion to the gloom of religious terror. ‘Truth, from Dr. John- son’s lip, yielded to misrepresentation in his rage of casting rival-exeellence inta shade. That generosity, which loves te place exalted genius and virtue in their fairest point of view, was a stranger to Dr. Johnson’s heart. His violent desire of life, while he was continually expatia- ting upon its infelicity, the unphilosophie and coward horror with which he shrunk from the approach of death, proved that his religion was not of that amiable spe= cies, which smooths the pillow of the dying man, and sheds upon it the light of religious hope. If the misleading force of his eloquence: had not blighted the just pretensions of . others, both to moral and intellectual excellence, I should not regret to see Johnson’s character invested with this ideal splendour; since I always thought it for the interest of morality and litera- ture, to believe exalted genius good as great, and, in a considerable degree, exempt from human deprayity ; such be- lief having a natural teadency to inspirit the pursuit of excellence, and give force to the precept of the moralist. But since he has industriously labonred to expose the defects, and defame the vir- tues and talents, of his brethren in the race of literary glory, it is sacrificing the many to an individual, when, to exalt him, truth is thus involved, and hid in hyperbolic praise. ' O England! not less ungrateful thar partial is this thy boundless incense. Investing the gloomy devotion and merely pecuniary donations of Johnson with the splendour of faultless excellence, thou sacrificest an hecatomb of characters, - most of them more amiable, and some of them yet greater in points of genius, to his manes ! ; BOSWELL. Mr. Boswell bas applied to me for Johnsonian. records for his life of the despot. If he inserts them unmutilated, as I have arranged them, they will con« tribute to display Johnson’s real cha’ racter to the public; that strange com,‘ pound of great talenis, weak and absurd 1 prejudices» : Letters of Anna Seward, prejudices, strong, but unfruitful, devo- tion; intolerant fierceness; compassi- onate munificence, and corroding envy; I was fearful that Mr. Boswell’s personal attachment would have scrupled to throw in those dark shades which truth com- mands should be employed -in drawing the Johnsonian portrait; but these fears are considerably dissipated by the style of Mr..Bosweli’s acknowledgments for the materials I had sent him, and for the perfect impartiality with which I had spoken of Johnson’s virtues and faults. He desires I will send him the minutes I made at the time of that, as he justly calls it, tremendous conversation at Dilly’s, between you and him, on the subject of Miss Harry’s commencing quaker. Boswell had so often spoke to me, with regret, over the ferocious, rea- sonless, and unchristian, violence of his idol that night, it looks impartial beyond my hopes, that he requests me to arrange it. I had omitted to send it in the first collection, from my hopelessness that Mr. Boswell would insert it in his life of the Colossus. Time may have worn away those deep-indented lines of bigot fierceness from the memory of the bio- grapher, and the hand of affection may not be firm enough to resolve upon en- graving them. O! yes, as you observe, dreadful were the horrors which attended poor John- son's dying state. His religion was cer- tainly not of that nature which sheds comfort on the death-bed pillow. I be- lieve his faith was sincere, and therefore could not fail to reproach his heart, which had swelled with pride, envy, and hatred, through the whole course of his existence. But religious feeling, on whict: you lay so great a stress, was not the desideratum in Johnson’s virtue. He was no cold mo- ralist; it was obedience, meekness, and universal benevolence, whose absence from his ‘heart, driven away by the tur- bulent fierceness and jealousy of his un- bridled passions, filled with so much hor- ror the darkness of the grave. Those glowing aspirations in religion, which are termed enthusiasm, cannot be rationally considered as a test of its truth, Every religion has had its martyrs. I verily believe Johnson would have stood that tial for a system, to whose precepts he yet disdained to bend his proud and stubborn heart. How diflerent from his was the death-bed of that sweet excel- lence, whom he abused at Dilly’s, by the name of the “ odious wench !” 641 BOSWELL CONTINUED. _ Mr. Boswell lately passed a few days in Lichfield. I did not find him quite so candid and ingenuous on the subject of Johnson, as I had hoped from the style of his Jetters. He affected to dis- tinguish in the despot’s favour, between envy and. literary jealousy. I- main. tained, that it was.a sophistic distinction without a real difference. _Mr. Boswell urged the unlikelibood that he, who had established his own fame on other ground than that of poetry, should envy poetic reputation, especially where it was post- humous; and seemed to believe that bis injustice to Milton, Prior, Gray, Collins, &c. proceeded from real want of taste for the higher orders of verse, ‘his jadg« ment being too rigidly severe to, relisla the enthusiasms of imaginatiop. Affection is apt to start from the im- partiality of calling faults by their proper names, Mr. Boswell soon after, una- wares, observed that Johnson had been galled by David Garrick’s instant sue- cess, and long eclat, who had set sail with himself on the sea of public life; that he took an aversion to him on that account; that it was a little cruel in the great man not once to name David Gar- rick in his preface to Shakespeare! and base, said [, as well as unkind. Gar- rick! who had restored that transcendent author (o the taste of the public, after it had recreantly and long receded from him ; especially as this restorer had been the companion of his youth. He was galled by Garrick’s prosperity, rejoined Mr. Boswell. Ah! said I, you now, unawares, cede to my position. If the: author of thé Rambler could stoop to envy a player, for the hasty splendour of a reputation, which, compared to his own, however that might, for some time, be hid in the night of obscurity, must, in the end, prove as the meteor of an hour to the permanent light of the sun, if cannot be doubted, but his injustice te Milton, Gray, Collins, Priors &c. pro- ceeding from the same cause, produced that levelling system of criticism, “ which lifts the mean, and lays the mighty low.” Mr. Boswell’s conmment upon this obser- vation was, that dissenting shake of the head, to which folk are reduced, when they will not be convinced, yet find their stores of defence exhausted. PR Mr, B. confessed his idea that Johnson was a Romay Catholic in his heart. —L have heard him, said he, staring Pale en 642 Letters of Anna Seward. fend the cruel executions of that dark I could fancy him saying to the fair bigot, Queen Mary. HANNAH MORE. Miss More’s poems have spirit and genius, Lut contain an affected and pe- dantic display of knowledge and erudi- tion, especially the Bas bleu. In the Florio we find many brilliant passages ; many just and striking observations, and some admirable portraits in satiric traits. Not Hayley himself has drawn a modern ‘beau better. Florio is the rival of Filli- gree, in the Triumphs of Temper, with sufficient difference to avert the charge 6f plagiarism from the female author; -— but the versification in Florio is, at times, strangely inharmonious, often alliterating with the hardest consonants, and sometimes disgraced by vulgarism : instances, _ For face, no mortal cou'd resist her.” And, 6 He felt not Celia’s powers of face.” These face-expressions put me in mind of an awkward pedantic youth, once re- sident, for a little time, at Lichfield. He was asked how he liked Miss Honora Sneyd. ‘Almighty powers!” replied the oddity, * 1 could not have conceived that she had half the face she has!” Honora was finely rallied about this im- puted: plenitude of face. The oval ele- gance of its delicate and beauteous con- tour, made the exclamation trebly ab- surd. How could Miss More so apply a phrase, always expressive of effrontery? - ‘and how could so /earned a lady suffer the pleonasm of the following line to escape her pen? &¢ With truth to mingle fables feign’d.” The character of Celia is pretty, but in -the satirical strokes lie all the genius of the work. As tor the Bas bleu.—You have heard me sigh after the attainment of other languages with hopeless yearning; yet I had rather be ignorant of them, as I am, if I thought their acquisition would induce me to clap my wings and crow in Greek, Latin, and French, through the course of a poem which ought to have been written in an unaffected and unmingled English, I am diverted with its eulogies on Gar- rick, Mason,-and Johnson, who all three hated each other so heartily, Not very pleasantly, I trow, would the two former have sat in the presence of Old Cato, as this poem oddly terms the arrogant John- - gon, surrounded by the worshipful and worshipping Blue Stocking.—Had_ the cynic lived to hear his Whig-title, Cato, author, * You had better have called me the first Whig, Madam, the father of the tribe, who got kicked out of Heaven for his republican principles.” . To the lady president herself, L fancy the cynic would not now, were he living, be the most welcome guest, since the publication of Mr. Boswell’s Tour. Miss More puts him to bed to little David. Their mutual opiates are pretty powerful, else her quondam friend, Garrick, would not thank her for his companion ;—but mi- sery, matrimony, and mortality, make strange bed-feliows. sitg THE FRENCH REVOLUTION. So France has dipt her lilies in the living streams of American freedom, and bids her sons be slaves no longer. In such a contest, the vital sluices- must be wastefully opened—but few English hearts, I hope, there are, that do not wish victory may sit upon the swords that freedom has unsheathed. MOLLY ASTON. It is very true, as you observe, John- son appears much more amiable as a domestic man, in his letters. te Mrs. Thrale, than in any other memorial which has been given us of his life and manners; but that was owing to the care with which Mrs, Piozzi weeded them of the prejudiced and malevolent passages on characters, perhaps much more essentially worthy than himself, ‘were they to be tried by the rules of Christian charity. I do not think with you, that his ungrateful virulence against Mrs, Thrale, in her marrying Piozzi, arose from his indignation against her on his deceased friend’s account. Mr. Boswell told me Johnson wished and expected to have married her himself. You ask who the Molly Aston was, whom those let- ters mention with such passionate tens derness? Mr. Walmsley, my father’s predecessor in this house, was, as you have heard, Johnson’s Mecenas, and this lady, his wife’s sister, a daughter of Sir Thomas Aston, a wit, a beauty, and a toast. Johnson was always fancying himself in love-with some princess or other. His wife’s daughter, Lucy Por- ter, so often mentioned in those letters, was his first love, when he was a school- boy, under my grandfather, a clergyman, vicar of St. Mary’s, and master of the free-school, which, by his scholastic abi- lity, was high-in fame, and thronged with pupils, from some of the first gentle- men’s families in this and the adjoining couulies, Leiters of Anna Sewards eounties. To the free-school the boys of the city had aright to come, but every body knows how superficial, in general, is unpaid instruction, Wowever, my grandfather, aware of Johnson’s genius, took the highest pains with him, though his parents were poor, and mean in their situation, keeping market stalls, as bat- tle-dore booksellers. Johnson has not had the gratitude once to mention his generous master, in any of his writings; but all this is foreign to your inquiries, who Miss Molly Aston was, and at what period his fame for her commenced? It was during those school-days, when the reputation of Johnson’s talents, and ras pid progress in the classics, induced the noble-minded Walmsley to endure, at his elegant table, the low-born squalid youth—here that he suffered him and Garrick to “imp their eagle wings,” a delighted «spectator and auditor of their efforts. It was here that Miss Molly Aston was frequently a visitor in the fa- tnily of her brother-in-law, and probably amused herself with the uncouth adora- tions of the learned, though dirty strip- ling, whose mean appearance was over- looked, because of the genius and know- ledge that blazed through him; though with “umbered flames,” from constitu- tional melancholy and spleen. Lucy Porter, whose visit to Lichfield had been but for a few weeks, was then gone back to her parents at Birmingham, and the brighter Molly Aston became the Laura of our Petrarch. Fired, however, at length, with ideal love, and incapable of inspiring mutual inclinations in the young and lively, he married, at twenty-three, the mother of his Lucy, ana went to seek his fortune in London. She had borne an indificrent character, during the life of her first husband. He died insolvent, leaving his three grown-up children, de- endent on the bounty of his rich bache- or brother in London, who left them largely, but would never do any thing for the worthless widow, who had married “the literary cub,” as he used to call him, She lived thirty years with John- son; if shuddering, half-famished, in an -author’s garret, could be called living. During her life, the fair and learned devotee, Miss H. Bootliby, in the wane of her youth, a woman of family and gen- teel fortune, encouraged him to resume his Platonisms. After the death of this wife, and this spiritualized mistress, Mrs. Thrale took him up. We loved her for her wit, her beauty, her luxurious table, her coach, and her library; aud she loved 613. him for the literary consequence his resi< dence at Streatham. threw around her. The rich, the proud, and titled literati, would not have sought Johuson in his. dirty garret, nor the wealthy brewer’s then uncelebrated wife, without the actual presence, in her salaon d’ Apollon, of a votary known to be of the nuinber of the inspired. POLITICAL OPINIONS AND WRITERS. You inquire after my opinions on the momentous event, which draws to itself the anxious eyes of all Europe. Mine did not coldly behold a great nation emancipating itself from a tyrannous go- vernment—but I soon began to appre- hend that its deliverers were pushing the levelling principle into extremes more fatal to civilized liberty than even an ar- bitrary monarchy, with all its train of evils. I read tl. Williams’s interesting letters from. France. They do not at- tempt to reason, they only paint, and shew the illmined side of the prospect, My own enthusiasm, which apprehension had damped, rekindled beneath the glow of her feelings and imagination—but not into a firm dependence that France pos- sessed a band of leaders, sufliciently exempted from selfish ambition, to pro- mote the success and felicity of a new. and hazardous experiment; in which all the links were broken in that great chain of subordination which binds to each other the various orders of existence. Mr. Burke’s book then came before me—and though I read, with contempt, his nonsensical quixotism about the Queen of France—though I saw, with indignation, the apostate whig labouring to overturn the principles which produced the revolution, and to prove a king of England’s right to reign in despite of the wills of his subjects, yet I saw also a sys- tem of order and polity, elucidated and rendered interesting by every appeal to the affections of the huinan bosom; and it appeared to me more consonant to human nature, as it és, and less injurious to the public safety, than the levelling extreme into which France has. rushed. Depending that the persuasive orator would not dare to misrepresent facts, f thought there was every thing to fear for France, and much to detest in her co- ercive circulation of the assignats, and in the wantonly tyrannous restraints she laid upon her monarch. Sir Brooke Boothby’s ingenious and eloquent reply to Bulke, was the first answer I perused. It was with pleasure that I saw hiin clearly refuting his oppo- nents 634 Letters of Anna Seward. nent’s asserted legality of our king’s claim to the crown, indcpendent of the suf- frages of his people; but it left my ap- prehensions of Gallic danger in full torce. Not denying the truth of the circum- stances by which Burke seems to prove that danger, Sir Brooke appears to admit its existence. , As to the anti-sophist, Priestley, I dis- like his disingenuous manceuvrings about Christianity too much to respect his opi- nions on any subject, so did not read his reply to Burke. é ut Lread Payne’s last work, and saw him divest the oratoric renegade of all retensionsto candour and fair statement, ee proving that he had misrepresented some facts, and kept back others with all the finesse of a courtly politician. I read in Payne that declaration of the fights of man, upon which a perfect code of laws, and a perfect form of govern- ment might be established, if human nature was disinterested, wise, and vir- tuous. Not being any of these things, ‘Hut the reverse of them all, Ido not be- lieve those who have obtained power in “France will respect its maxims enough to govern themselves by them; enough to prevent the people from repenting that they fled fronrthe throne to petty tyrants, Tiiis authors style is not elegant, or at all possesses equal force with his matter— yet, at intervals, he shows that he can “command a fine one, The Lessons to a Young Prince are &monegst the finest and most spirited ‘ compositions of the age. Their style is perfect. It has all the beauty and ani- ‘mation of Burke’s, with more perspicuity. ’ heir “author is a miracle, a political writer without party-prejudice. My opi- “pions ‘almjost always met his as I read ; particularly: whén he traces to its source ‘the’ king’s popularity, viz. the dread of seeing a needy, rapacious, and unprinci- ‘pled faction govern the nation, with a yore oppressive hand than our present ®rafers:: One of them has pulted off his "masque of patriotism to get into power bythe kihg’s favour; and the rest would * follow bis €xample,y could. they. first get power. T admire the French for taking the pii- * vilege of making war with other nations out of the hands of kings and ministers. -T wish it was so here—but surely they ~have violated justice most tyrannically - by their invasion of property, and the confiscation of hereditary estates. As ~to-the chureh-lands;-their being reduced veinto moderation, is well—I wish that also wasso here. Yet, upon the whole, I am inclined to fear, that more diffusive. misery and national inconsequenee will be the result of that extreme ta which they are pushing the levelling principle, than from the system, bad as it was, which they have destroyed. After all, I think modestly, and with no pretence to decision. Though the French revo lution is at present too big with danger to admit a desire, in‘any real well-wisher’ to this country, that she should consider it as her model;—yet I wish the French may prove a pattern, hereafter, of public virtue and public happiness, to the whole world. Politics never engrossed uch of my attention, convinced— ** In every government, though terrors reign, Though tyrant kings, or tyrant laws restrainy How small, of all that human‘hearts endure, That part which laws, or kings, can cause or cure.”’* BOSWELL’S LIFE OF. JOHNSON. As yet, I have read only the first vo- lume of Boswell’s Life of Johnson. What I foresaw has happened. That ingenious pencil, which so well fulfilled the bio- graphic duty, and painted the despot. exactly as he was, when roaming the lonely Hebrides, has, ape impulse: of: terror, been exchanged for a more glow- ing one; and, in this work, almost every thing is kept back which could give um- brage to Johnson’s idolaters, by justly displaying the darker, as well as fairer, sides of the medal. All, however, but his idolaters, must detest the ungrateful duplicity proved upon him, when we find him speaking with slight, bordering upon contempt, of the then Mrs. Thrale, in the zenith of his intimacy with her. Mr. Boswell was not aware, that impar- tiality would compare what he said of her, with what he said to her. ‘To hear you,” says he, in his letters to . that lady, * is to hear wisdom; to see you is to see virtue.” What des- picable flattery was that, if he really be- lieved the stores of her mind were trivial, and. that she had no truth? while, if conscious that these imputations were une just, his heart was at once thankless and malevolently.. false. .Such, I confess, amidst all his. gloomy piety, I always thought it. That conviction has not re-. ceded beneath the contempt of your charming friend, and of Mrs. Montague, * Miss Seward, misled by the massacres and horrors of the revolution, afterwards became an alarmist, and circulated among her friends the vilest libels against the supporters of pubs lic Jiberty in England ! _ whick — Letters of Anna Seward, Which his biographer has so indiscreetly, 80 inipuliiely, recorded ; nor beveath the lying assertion, that Gray was a dull fel- low, and that there are* but eight good lines in all his poetry. I hear Mason fares no better in the second volume. Dark and envious calumniator ! { both Llane Mr. Boswell, and won- der at him for the wanton, because un- necessary, inroads which a number of those records must make upon the feel- ings of many. But for them, his work had been of great value indeed. Enter- taining, in the first degree, it certainly is; and, with the most commendable precision, exhibits the events of his life through all their series and changes. It contains a prodigious mass of colloquial wit and humour, which were certainly unrivalled, Let it, however, be remem- bered, that, to produce their eclipsing and resistless power, many things com- bined, which a wise and generous mind would not, for its own peace and health, consent to feel, even to possess that un- equalled talent; viz. spleen, envy, bound- less laughtiness, and utter callousness to ~all the mental sensibilities of others. I am of Si. Paul’s mind, who says, where these things nor alms nor prayers constitute goodness. © Say theu, whose thoughts at humble fame ity repine, ¢ Shall Johnson’s wit with Juinson’s spleen be . thine ?” es ~ oe Cal _ MRS, KNOWLES, ; ” Mrs. Knowles, the witty and the elo- Pete as ainougst us, on a week’s visit, Since you left Lichfield. She made flaming eulogiums upon French anarchy, which she calls ‘freedum, and uttered no less vehement philippics against every thing which pertains to monarchy. For myself, I have ever loved and venerated ‘the cause of liberty; and wished every restraint upon power which can be con- sistent with that order, and those links of. subordination. which bind, in one agreeing whole, the necessarily various degrees and. employments of eivilized life; but I every day grow more and more sick of that mischievous oratory which ferments and diffuses the spirit of ‘sedition. In ‘the name of peace and comfort, let those who are dissatisfied with a government, in which their lives and properties are secure, which is great ‘and revered in the eyes of every neigh- ebouring nation ; against which no sword is drawii, and to whose commerce every port is open; Jet thei goto America, onTuLy Myc, No, 215, i. where they may be quiet, or to Frances where their energies may have ample scope; butlet them not attempt to muddy the at present silver currents of our pros« perity. he I do not yet wish that the blood-thirsty invadérs of unhappy France may succeed 5 nor do [at all apprehend that they cata be victorious. At the king’s deposition I felt very indignant; but if, as it now seems to eppear, be was secretly plotting with the invaders, he deserves his fate, and justifies those who have abjured him, Surely we shall have the wisdom to pers sist in our neutrality. Ill as the French have, in many respects, acted, distracted as are their councils, and impotent as ap present seem their laws, there is danger that the worst consequences would ensue to us should we arm against them; that the contagion of ideal liberty might in- fect our troops, as it has infected those of the Austrians and Prussians, Paine’s pernicious and impossible system of equal rights, is calculated.to captivate and dazzle the vulgar; to make them spurn the restraints of legislation, and to spread anarchy, murder, and ruin, over the earth, MRS. DELANY AND DR. PARR. _ In this interesting*® scene of friendship, literature, and the arts, | have been in- troduced to that intellectual luminary, Dr. Parr, and to the celebrated hortus siccus of Mrs. Delany, contained in ten immense folios, eech enriched with an hundred floral. plants, representing, in Cut paper, of infinitely various dyes, the finest flowers of our own aud every other climare, from the best specimens that the field, the garden, the greenhouse, and the conservatory, could furnish; ‘and with a fidelity and vividness of colouring, which shames the needle and the pencil, The moss, the films, the farina, every, the minutest, part, is represenved with matchless delicacy. It. was at the! age of seventy-five that this prodigy of female genius invented her art, and pave it that fast perfection which makes imitation hopeless. Alwaysa tine painter, and not ignorant of the arts of chemistry, she her- self dyed her papers from whence the new creation arose. Of this astonishing work Dr. Darwin has given a most erro- neous description in his splendid poeme | He ought not to have taken sucht liberty. 1t represents Mrs. Delany asa mere ars tificial hower-maker, using wires and wax, # The seat of Court Dewes, esq. near Stratford-upon-Avon, 40 and 646 and moss, &c.; though writing-paper was her sole material—her scissars her only implement. ‘The former, previously co- Joured by herself, in complete shades of every tint, was never retouched by the pencil after the flower was cut out; nor did she ever make a drawing; but, as her specimen lay before her, she cut from the eye. The easy floating grace of the stalks, the happiness with which the flower or flowers, their ieaves and -buds, are disposed upon those stalks, is exquisite; while the degree of real relief which they possess, besides that which arises from the skilful deception produced. by light and shade, has a richness and natural effect, which the finest pencil cannot hope to attain. What a lesson of exertion does the invention and completion of such a work, after seventy-five, give to that hopeiess languor, which people are so prone to indulge in the decline of life? When I bad the honour of a visit from Dr. Parr, he staid two days and nights at Wellsburn. I was prepared to expect extravrdinary colloquial powers, but they exceeded every description I had received of them. -He is styled the Johnson of the present day. In strength of thought, in promptness and plenteousness of allu- sion; in wit and humour, in that high- coloured eloquence’ which results from poetic -imayination—there. is. a very striking similarity to the departed despot. That, when irritated, he can chastise withthe same overwhelming force, I can believe; but unprovoked, Dr2Parr is wholly free from the caustic acrimony of that splenetic being. Benign rays of ingenuous urbanity dart in his smile, and from -beneath the sable shade of his large and masking eyebrows, and from the fine orbs they overhang. The characters he draws of distinguished people, and of suchof his triends, whose talents, though not yet emerged, are considerable, are given with a free, discriminating, and masterly, power, and with general inde- pendence of party’ prejudices. If he throws into deepest shade the vices of those, whose hearts he thinks corrupt, his spirit luxuriates in placing the virtues and abilities of those he esteemsin the fairest sand «fullest lights; a gratification which the gloomy Johnson seldom, ifever, knew, . Dr.-Parr is accased of egotism ; but, if he i talks of himself, all he says on that, aSon every other theme, interests -theattention,‘aud charms the fancy. Tt is surely the dull and the envious only who-deem his frankness vanity. Great sminds. must feel, and have a right wo 3: we Letters of Anna Seward. avow their sense of the high ground om which they stand. Who, that has a soul, bur is gratified by Milton’s avowals of this kind, when, in the civil wars, ex= horting the soldier to spare his dwelling, the poet declares his power to requite, the clemency; to spread the name of him who shewed it, over seas and lands, ‘» Mr... V——’5 Hiconstancy to me avenved it at full. Dunng three months, in which we were frequently together, V—— had ap- peared essiduously attentive, and ardently attached tome. His behaviour then suddenly aliered from enamoured fervour united | Letters of Anna Seward. to cool civility, bordering upot uttet nevleet. Bigs I believed this change resulted frony higher views, excited from ambitions awakened by the remonstrance of a per- son whom he believed bis friend, end who, E knew, was not mine. His father and sisters had observed our growing ate tachment with pleasure, and seemed to regret its dissoluuon. ; I felt, during a short time, tortured and wreeched in the extreme; but T had pride, ligh spirits, intellectual resources, and fancied myself not born to be the victim of contemned affection. I re- sulted, however, tot again to hope that I could be the object of lasting passion. I had proposals of marriage frozn several, whom my father wishe ‘to approve ; but such sort of overtures, not preceded by assiduous tenderness, amt which ex- pected to reap the harvest of love with- out having nursed its germs, suited not my native ethos or were calcu- lated to inspire it. ad known what it was tu love, to all the excess of the seutiment; and the sweetness and viva- city of the impression, though obliterated by ingratitude, was not forgutten. My liberty seemed a thousand times pref rable to the dispiriting fetters of au un- impassioned connexion. The changed V. , soon after desert= ing me, joined his regiment in Treland, and stad there two years. (C* Ins return, he attached himself to one of wy most intimate friends; a graceful but not beau- uful young lady. Her fortune, in her OWN possession, exceeded my future prospects. Yes, to her he devoted his attentions, on whose hosam I had shed those mingled tears of indignation and lacetated tenderness which he had caused to flow. : j Their loves, however, nothing weak- ened my amity to her; they carried with them my best wishes to the altar, and I heard their nuptial peals without a sigh. She died in childbirth the next year lier early fate excited my sorrow, and his sufferings my sympathy.’ I wrote a monody on her death. It hasnever been published, but may one day appear ina collection of my poems. General, then captain V , after the elapse ofa few Sears, married the daughe ter ofa man of rank; and high in mili tary command, and soon again ‘becaine a widower, By the co-operation of hig father-in-law’s interest, with the distin-~ My guished gallantry of his own conduct, : te eae the ‘ Nt nin 4 — pe Snes ee a —s . Phe coursé of this disdstréus war, he to the rank_of general. Meee a our years after parental authority had tlissolved my engavements to Colonel 'T——, we again accidentally met in London, ‘Imagine my feelings. when he declared his unceasing affection, and told me thac he had returned to England, with ‘the hope that an acquisition to his fertune would induce my father to con- sent to our union! Conceive the shame of which I became susceptible, on finding myself so much surpassed in constancy ! ‘Never had Colonel T—— said, either with his lip“or pen, that he could. not ecome indifferent tome. Not one of his letters had ever breathed a tenth part of the ents ral to me of which your's is so Full. Yer ah! how hamiliating was my con- Seiousness! I could not, on the instant, explain my sentiments; but 1 wrote to him the next confessing the change la my heart cting himself; but I forget whether pride did, or did not, withhold the circumstance which had produced it, and the acknowledgment that I had been, in my turn forsaken. \ Here is a'world of egotism—into which the retrospections of your letter bas be- trayed me. So intimately relating to him you love; perhaps it may not prove Wearying. © re REVIEW. ~ You say I e'doubtless seen all the Feviews that tion my Langollen Vale publication. No, indeed, by no means all; nor even any by voluntary inquiry. IT never hunt’ out reviews of my own writings, nor -of my favourite composi- tions from other pens. For mine, I de- Sire not to ‘trouble myself about what is just as likely to be an abuse as praise, even if I'wrote as well as Gray. Just aiid well-discriminating criticism on poe+ ‘try, is even more rare than original and beautiful poetic writing. Fad} “T know how muth the decision of res viewers affects the sale of a composition ; ‘but since authors, who are above’ at- ‘tempting to bribe, or in any degree in- fluence them, cannot help themselves, there is no good in ruminating, or ever Once looking at the injustice or stupidity ‘of spiteful or incompetent critics. J have, therefore, constantly desired my ends not to obtrude any sueli upon my attention. wr, ; ‘If my poems are of that common order which have, as Falstaff says, a natural tlacrity in’ sinking, the praise of hirefing Bnd nameless critics would not keep * Montusy Mag, No. 216. % 4 re LAL ee Letters of Arnina Seward: 653 them above the gulf of oblivion. If, on the contrary, they possess the’ buoyant property of true poetry, their fame will be established in after years, when no one will ask, What said the reviewers ? CALEB. WILLIAMS. Have you read Caleb Williams? That singular production, a novel without love, or intrigue, on the part of the three principal male characters, and without ruined castles, and haunted galleries x yet, where expectation is excited to breathless ardour, and‘where the terrible Graces extend their petrifying wands. | The style of this extraordinary work i¢ manly; compressed, animated, and ima pressive, in a degree which vies with that of the best writers of this period, im which prose-excellence has attained its ne-plussulira. L am sorry to observe that the tendency of this work is not good. We findtitan indirect libel upom the laws and coytstitution of Great Brie tain. LEONORA. “a And have you read any of the transs lations of a short German poem, calledy William and Leonora? I hear there are several, but that the ene which was shewn to me is the best, and it is printed entire in’ the Monthly Magazine for March last. It is the wildest and oddest ~ of all terrible things, and has made con siderable noise amongst our fely poetic readers. The short, abrupt measure of the translation before mentioned, suits thé rapidity of a midnight journey of a thousand miles. The German poet hag given a great accession of sublimity, in spite of the vulgarness of cant phrases, used for the purpose of pieturesque sound. The palesteed, on which the lover mounts with’ his mistress; the flyin backward, to right and left of woddsy rocks, mountains, plains, and towns, by the sneed of the travel, and overhead the scudding back of the moon and stars; the creeping train of the swarthy fune- ral, chanting the death-psalm, like toads crogking from the dark and lovely moors; the transformation of the knight to a bony and eycless skeleton; the vanishing of the death-horse, breathing charnel- fires, then thinning to smoke, and palingy and bleaching away tonothing; are grand uddivions to the terrific graces of the ancient song . BUXTON. , . The enchanting Mv, Erskine honoured me with frequent attentions in the balls rooms, and with frequent visits at my lodgings, where he often mgt the excel. 42 lent 654 lent and distinguished Mr. Wilberforce, and Mr. Wilberforce’s friend, the inge- nious Deam of Carlisle, “Lt was a trium- virate of .eloquences Their diflerent politics drew forth their mutual powers, very amicably exerted. They were in my parlour the day before I came away, from eleven till one in the morning ; fr six till nine in the evening. Mrs, Chile ders shared with me the whole of that mental banquet, and other company im turn dropt in. It was an attic day. MR. (NOW LORD) ERSKINEs Did Mr. Erskine tell you of our acci= dental rencounter on the Chatsworth road, half a mile from Middleton, on the morning I left the golden Crescent, through which you and I so often walked together. I believed him in that gay throng, and he thought me much farther on my way to Sheffield, which I had for- saken to visit an old servant. After staying with her an hour, my wheels were retracing their wandering course through those lanes, where rocks and cliffs, co- vered with dwarf-wood, rise from the curving Derwent, that foams at their base. I said to my maid, What an elegant fizure is that gentleman approaching us, who, loitering with a book, now reads and now holds the volume in a dropt hand, to contemplate the fine views on his right! There seems mind in every gesture, every step; and how like Mr, Erskine! A few seconds converted resemblance into reality. After a mutual exclama- tion, the graceful being stopt the chaise, opened the door, and putting one foot on the step, poured all his eloquence upon a retrospect of the hours we had passed together at Buxton ; illuminating, as he flatteringly said, one of those sel- dom intervals of his busy life, in which his mind was left to enjoy, undisturbed, she luxury of intellectual intercourse. — A sudden scheme of the preceding night to go to. Chatsworth that day, with Mrs. and Miss Erskie, and a large par- ty; and they being obliged to wait at JMiddleton for some returning horses, in- duced him to beguile the hour of waiting dy that ramble, which bad given us such an unexpected interview. donot = When people have. any cordiality to- wards each other, such interventions of chance are right pleasant. At the in- stant they.act upon the spirits like wine ; and, as time rolls. on, their recollection gilds the mind, as sun-beams a placid lake. pe at aii is see Letters of Avna Seward. @UANM OLD, LOVER ory) 2 All you write onthe subject of Cos, lonel and Mrs. ————= is. beautiful. The picture the lady draws of her hus- band’s mind in her Jetter, on which you comment,, is so strangely, so extrava= gautly, and so darkly, coloured, as to leave my experience and observation without the means of justifying it to nature and probability, by any approx- imation in the apparent feelings or con- duct of others. It ‘resembles nothing one knows, and nothing one has read of, except the Falkland of Caleb Willi- ams. But there was a_ cause which, when revealed, fully accounts for the terrible gloom and sad. iction of his spirit; but that a disappointment in the enamoured affections, thirty-one years ago, in aman who had never, to their object, appeared a passionate lover; that” it should operate, with unabating cor- rosiveness, through s an immense lapse of time! That i terness should have resisted the tender attentions of a wife, younger and lovelier than ber whom he had lost, and indurate his feelings against the enlivening power of filial ate tentions, even from objects to whose welfare he was sedulously attentive! All this seemed to me so inconceivable, that I concluded Mrs. —— had nursed an enthusiastic fancy, Which causelessly imputed to unextinguished passion for another object, a constitutional and mor- bid discontent of heart and temper: but the strange manner of his attempted visit last June, vouches for the reality of this represented, this long delirium. He in- quired for me at the door, and sent up his name, Lieutenant-colonel I was dressing. My man-servant brought his card up stairs, While he did that, my housekeeper, coming up the stairs from the kitchen, saw a gentleman whom she did not know, stand at the fout of the next flight of stairs, looking up them with earnest’ melancholy eyes. Per ceiving her, he went back into the hall ; and when the man brought my message to request his going into the parlour, and to say that I would be down immedi- ately, lo! he had vanished. I found a letter from this lady on my return from my summer’s excursion, in which she thus speaks of that attempt to’ see me, so strangely renounced in the instant of making it. , “Of Colonel —’s flying visit to you in June, I knew not a syllable till J learne it from your letter; which, en perasings I exclaimed, good Heaven! how. could iyo igos . a Letters of Anna Seward, you leave the place without seeing Miss $———— at last, since she was at home! He replied, with much solemnity, ‘ The momentary gratification must have been followed by regret and pain, that would sufficiently have punished, the temerity of attempting to see her at all. I had no sooner entered the house, than I became sensible of my perilous state of feeling, and fled with precipitation.” ° Mrs. ——— laments the abortion of this design, alleging reasons exactly si- milar to those you express, for wishing the renewal of our acquaintance. I re- gret it too, from a motive not acknow- ledged by either of you, though doubt- less felt by both, viz, that it would have proved a spell-dissolving interview. He had then found in his Eloisa, that disen- chanting change which St. Preux could not find in Mrs. Wolmar,’ An absence of ten and of thirty-one years, are very diffrent, things. Small traces would have been perceived in me of that image so unhappily 1 ssed on his mind, and which yet glows in the gay bloom of youth. If there is any reality in this de- - scribed infatuation, and Colonel ———~ feels pain from it, why does he shun the infallible remedy; “the sensible and true avouch of his own eyes?” You place the forbearing sweetness and patience ye —+—_——"s conduct in a very bright, yet not less just point of view. I feel such soothing uncom- plaining endurance far above my attain- ment ina sintlar situation, Yet I wish she had abstained from partaking her husband’s infatuation, and from the strange desire of even transcending its excess. It is painful to know that I have been; however innocently, the cause of misery to an estimable couple, Next to the desired non-existence of such in- sane constancy, I should have wished unconsciousness of an evil I know not how to remove, .since Colonel —_——— rejects the remedy that must obliterate the past, by enabling him to compare it with the present, For the lady, alas! it is much too late in Jife for me to meet the enthusiasm of such boundless par tiality. ¢ And in disparity, The one intense, the other still remiss, Cannot well suit with either, but soon prove Tedious alike.” bs A rational and moderately affectionate esteem, such as my heart might tell me ‘was not wholly undeserved, would be a thousand times more welcome. Friend- 635 ship should owe nothing to illusion 5 and all is illusion in Mrs. , respect= ing me. She trusted the exaggerating portraits of infatuation, ingenuously given to her before she married the infatuated, anda fondness for my poetic writings bas completed her generous mania. /OPINIONS OF 1797. ; wApropos of politics, in their presen& desperate situation, which puts them into the mouth of very babes and suck- lings in state affairs, You do me but justice in acquitting my mind of the least bias towards republicanism; but Mr, Pitt has lost my long-existing confidence in his wisdom and integrity. It has va- nished beneath the mad extravagance with which he has lavished the public money, seduced the bank into clandestine and ruinous traffic with the court, and outraged the constitution by loans to the Emperor, made in treacherous privacy, without the consent of parliament: loans, which can only defer, not prevent the inevitable hour of the emperor’s separate peace with our enemies. [low evidently to all cominon sense, better to England to have met the assaults of France, when they shall be turned solely against her, before her public credit had received the late fatal blight, than thus to go on pur- chasing present exemption (if, indeed, lavished millions can purchase it), ull state-bankruptcy, and the consequently ruined fortunes of three parts of the nation, shall palsy our nerves of self= defence, exasperate us with government, and render us desperately careless who may be our masters, or what becomes of ° . @ constitution, violated out of all its power to protect property. O! hapless England! how rapidly art thou falling from thy late high prosperity, the victim ~ of thy credulous confidence in One proud man, whom no chastizing experience could warn from his tricking expedients, so fraught with danger to his country ; and by which he buys 66 Short intermission, fraught with double . woe!” rf DR. PARR, The celebrated Dr. Parr called at my: house in my absence, and, not meeting with me; left a very kind letter. He is allowed to have been the only man whd brought equal forces with Dr. Johnson into the field of argument, equal strength of native talents, equal learning, equal eloquence, equal wit, and equal effron. tery. The day is recorded in which they measured their lances as chieftains pes ory 658 Tory and Whig party. Never, it is said, was known such intellectual gladiators ship: €¢ So frown’d the mighty combitants, that hell Grew darker at their frown, so match’d they stood !” If, however, when provoked, their pawer to crush their opponents was equal, yét a great difference in mental temperament yemains in favour of Dr. Parr; since, when properly respected, he is kind and sunny of spirit, and punishes not, as the surly despot punished, a liberal and po- lite dissent from his opinions. Then, far from the Johnsonian niggardliness’ of praise, where deserved, he dispenses it bounteously ; and none better know to give that praise characteristic discrimi- nation, of which each of you have doubt- Jess perused many instances, FEMALE EDUCATION. _ Were Ta mother, instead of adopting Mr. Gisborne’s and Mr. Wilberforce’s voluminous number of penal laws for the souls of youthful females, I would sub- stitute the following exertions, I would induce them to be religious, by applying the Christian system rather to their hopes than to their fears. I would endeavour to inspire them with an high sense of virgin honour and truth, and of the grace and beauty of rational decorum ; with a terror as well as abhorrence of female libertinism, by placing before their eyes, from real life, strovg instances of its misery; while, by every opportu- nity of judicious ridicule, F would inspire a sovereign contempt of male profligacy ; of gamesters, sots, fops, and fox-hunters. Thus, instead of making myself and my daughters ridiculous, as Mr. Gisborne advises, by demanding testimonials of the moral and pious character of every man who may ask them to dance acou- ple of dances at a ball, I should depend upon their principles and good sense for despising, instead of being corrupted by inproper conversation, or indecent free- dom in the momentary pauses of the dance; attempts which it is in the ut- .most degree improbable that they should encounter, even from the most aban- doned libertine. When the dance is over, by all the indispensable rules of fashionable life, every young woman takes her seat by her mother or chaperon. I would very early introduce my daughters to the finest English writers, both in prose or verse, rather than de- yote all their leisure to the comparatively v Letters of Anna Seward. worthless acquisition of modern. accoms plishments, -[ would teach them to turng with disgust, from the perusal of frivos lous novels, nét by invective, not by, pro= hibition, but by early setting their taste above them, and, this, by familiarizing. their memory and mind with the twa great works of Richardson, which involve all that can operate as warning and ex- ample; all that is elevated and beautiful in imagination, in wit, in eloquence, in characteristic discrimination, and piety. Thus. fortifying their understandings and their hearts, I would disdain coer= cion, and even teasing interference; every thing that wears the slightest ap- pearance of suspicious watchfulness. So should their home be delightful; nor would an oisori ide ire of leavs ing it for the married state, subject them to the danger of an unhappy marriage; while their habits of life and taste for literature, must preclude the discontents, of celibacy, should celibacy be their lot. OPINIONS'@ ‘ O! this horrid, this remorseless war? Infatwated ministry! who have rejected so many opportunities of terminating it, with honour and advantage to this de- ceived country ; on the taking of Toulon and Valenciennes; om the desertion of Prussia; on the subsidiary claims of the emperor; yet still they went on, regards less of our exhausted wealth,of the miseries of a bleeding world; floundering deeper and deeper in defeated prafects, ull the olive, with all its healing blesseduess, is perhaps no longer within our reach. Yet it ought to have been tried, if it could have been procured even by the sacrifice of that (no Jonger great) title, King of France; by the restitution of the Toulon ships, and by the cession of all our foreign conquests, whose advantages are as dust in the balance against the nuse- ries of protracted war. Peace is worth any price to England, short of the re- duction of her navy. In another twelve- month we shall offer the recently-re- jected terms, and’ then offer them in vain. So it has been through the whole progress of this mad contest. Nothing but the blindest prejudice can prevent the public from being universally sensible of that melancholy truth, _. WASHINGTON. No, dear Madam, I was not, as you suppose, favoured with a letter from General Washington, expressly addressed to myself; but, a few years after peace was signed between this country and America, - Letters of Anna Seward. America, an officer introduced himself, commissioned from General, Washington fo call upon me, and to assure me, from the General kimself, that no circum- stance of his life had been so mortifying as to be censured in the Monody on André, as the pitiless author of his igno- minious fate; that he had laboured to seve him, that he requested my attention _to papers on the subject, which he had sent by this officer for my perusal. _ On examining them, I found they en- tirely acquitted the General. They filled me with contrition for the rash in- justice of my censure. With a copy of the proceedings of the court-martial that determined André’s condemnation, there was a copy of a letter from General Washington to General Clinton, offering to give up André in exchange for Arnold, who had fled to the British camp, ob- serving the reason there was to helieve that the apostate general had exposed that gallant English officer to unnecessary danger to facilitate his own escape: copy of another letter from General Washington to Major André, adjuring him to state to the commander in chief his unavoidable conviction of the selfish perfidy of Arnold, in suggesting that plan of disguise, which exposed André, if taken, to certain condemnation as a spy, when, if he had come openly in his regi- mentals, and under a flag of truce, to the then unsuspected American general, he would have been perfectly safe: copy of André’s high-souled answer, thanking Genera! Washington for the interest he took in his destiny; but, observing that, even under conviction of General Ar- nold’s inattention to his safety, he could not suggest to General Clinton any thing which might influence him to save his Tess important life by such an exchange. OPINION oF 1800. At first I bailed the revolution in France as a glorious attempt to procure for that country the blessings of a limited monarchy, but I soon saw, in the tyranny exerted towards its mild monareh, and in the interference of the neighbouring Nations, that the result would prove a fatal blow to rational liberty in Europe, and most of all, in this country; that it would, as you finely express it, place British freedom upon a narrow and ‘wasting isthmus, between ana’ and despotism. Had this revolution hap- pened beneath the reign of a tyrant, it might have acted upon other kingdoms with a warning influence against tyranny. As it was, ous king and parliament, with 657 nine-tenths of the English people, ims pute it chiefly, and but that they choose to call in the aid of religious zeal to sup- port sanguinary measures, most opposite to the gospel precepts, they would, ex- clusively, impute the overthrow of mo- narchy in France to the concessions made by the king in favour of his subjects’ liberties. ‘Hence every rational and religious plan for the reformation of abuses ig termed Jacobinism. Hence Mr. Pitt dared to say, in the senate, not a month ago, that to assert that the interests of the few ought to be subordinate to those of the many, was maintaining the vital principle ef Jacobinism, Hence, while he and his adherents justly represent our foes as crippled in their navy, their com~ merce ruined, and most of their military conquests wrested from their possession, they are absurd enough to declare that there can be no security for England ina peace with France; as if that ruin to us, which, under her monarchy, and in the plenitude of her power and greatness, she could not effect, she was likely to com- pass in the disordered and exhausted state in which she must long remain. France never kept peace with England when she thought it for her.interest te break it; neither did this country with her! What has ever been will ever be, whether the Gallic government be repubs lic, democratic, consular, or monarchical 3 but each nation stands now more in need of a long peace than after any former war, and therefore, when made, it will probably be of proportionate duration, It is insulting nonsense to plead the vices of Buonaparte, or the instability of his power, as a reason for prolonging the miseries of war. His mortality might as rationally be pleaded. An opportunity was opened, by his late concessions, for obtaining a general pacification, and pro- bably upon good terms for England and her allies; and the present. debilitated state of France is the true security for its permanence; far greater than'could result from, the Bourbon family regaining that power which is now vested in the Crom- well of that country. COWPER. Cowper is the poetic son of Dr. Youngs More equal, more consistent, more judie cious, far less. uniformly sombre than bis parent,—but also much less frequently sublime, Darwin bas no parent amongst the English poets; he sprung in his de- clining years, with all the swength and fancy G58 fancy of juvenile life, from the temples of an immortal muse, like Pallas from the head of Jove. , Nor should it be forgotten, that Cole- ridge’s Ode to the Departing Year is sublimer throughout than any part of Cowper’s Task; that the~ stripling, Southey, has written ‘an epic poem, full of strength as to idea, and grandeur as to imagery; that both those writers, in their rbyme-productions, far outshine Cowper’s prosaic couplets. . ’ When these claims are made, without mentioning the various and charming Mason, since his poetic sun was setting when Cowper’s rose—when they are poized in the scale, surely you will resign your Colossal claim for the muse of Cow- per, destined as she is. to immortal re- membrance. That destiny I asserted for her to Dr. Darwin, and Sir Brooke Boothby, ten years ago, when I heard them: decide that the Task was too pro- saic to survive its century, and that they could not read it through. NERSELF. Ah, my friend, I have a sad account to give you of my situation, and of my hopes of ever being able to accept your kind invitation to Cantley. Too much reason have I to apprehend a total loss of all ability to travel. You know that the strength of my youth was blighted by the accident which broke the patella of iny right knee, though I obtained the power of walking on even ground, with. out perceptible lameness; “but I re- mained, through life, subject to the con- stantly impending danger of falling. Fre- quent have been those falls, producing temporary pain and confinement, but ge- nerally a few days restored me to the usual level of my, at best, feeble exertion, On the 27th of last month, deceived by an imperfect moonlight, 1 fell with vio- Tence down steps into the street, after paying an evening visit. ‘Then, alas! it was, that I so violently sprained the muscles and tendons of my, till then, un- injured left knee, as to reduce it to an equal degree of weakness with that which 4s broken. Unable to stand, T was care ried by two men from my sedan to m bed; which my surgeon ordered I should not leave ull the swelling and discolora- tion subsided. He flattered ‘me that, since nothing was absolutely broken, a fortnight or three weeks would repair the mischief. When, at the four days expi- ration, 1 was got up, T found I had utterly lost all power of rising from my bed, or Litters of Anna Seward. / chair, even though a very high one, witlte” “out the assistance of two people; and’ also of ascending or descending stairs.” Hitherto time, in whose name lavish pro- mises were made me by the faculty, has done nothing towards the restoration of that power, though I can walk, with a servant’s aim, through the range of those fortunately large and airy rooms, which are level with my bed-chamber and dres- sing-room. Thus I contrive, by a quar- ter of an hour at a time, to walk my al- lotted two miles every day, though I have not attempted to go down stairs. Within these last twelve years, my cons stitution has struggled with various mala- dies, but under them I always hoped re- lief, and often, through the goodness of God, obtained it. Nowa deep internal conviction of life-long imbecility sickens at my heart, and withers the energy of my mind,—while the gloom of appreliens sion, more than selfish, often darkens my spirit. The oldest, the most esteem- ed, the most valued of my friends, finds his long précarious health more fres quently assailed by nervous malady, be- neath which bis strength and cheerful- ness decline. I will not apologize for this exuberance of wailful egotism, but rest it securely on your sympathy. — BLOOMFIELD. I estimate the Farmer’s Boy, as on y level with Rogers* Pleasures of Memory } and consider each as being amongst poetic compositions, what green is amongst colours; that they have not the richness of the golden yellow, the splen- dour of red, the elegance of pink and azure, the spirit of scarlet, or the gran- deur of purple, but are of that hue on which the eye delights to dwell, which is lively without gaiety, and serious without melancholy. gt é ‘ANDRE, In the first paroxysm of anguish for the fate of my beloved friend, 1 wrote that Monody under the belief that he - was basely murdered rather than reluce tantly sacrificed to the belligerent cus- toms and laws. I have since understood the subject better. General Washing- ton allowed his aide-de-camp to return to England after peace was established, and American independence acknow- ledged; and he commissioned him to see me, and request my attention to the pa- pers he sent for my perusal; copies of his letters to André, and André’s ane swers, in his own hand, were amongst them, ee Oe ee ee ee ee ——— Letters of AunaSeward, them. Concern, esteem, and pity, were avowed in those of the general, and warm. entreaties that he would urge Ge- neral. Clintun to resign Arnold in. ex. change for himself, as the only means to avert that sacrifice which the laws of war demanded. Mr. André’s letters breathed a spirit of gratitude to General Washington for the interest he took in his preservation, but firmly declined the application to General Clinton. The other papers were minutes of the court- martial, from which it appeared, that General Washington had laboured to avert the sentence against André, and to soften the circumstances of disguised dress, and of those fatal drawings of the enemies’ outworks and situation, which placed him in the character of a spy rather than that of a negotiator. The general’s next fruitless endeavour was to have obtained the grant of poor Andre’s petition, to die a less disgraceful death, His voice, though commander of the American armies, counted but as one on the court-martial. General Washington did me the honour to charge his aide-de- camp to assure me, that po circumstance of his life had given him so much pain as the necessary sacrifice of André’s life, and that next to that deplored event, the censure passed upon himself in a poem which he admired, and for which he loyed the author; also to express his hope,. that, whenever I reprinted the Monody, a note might be added, which should tend to acquit him of that imputed inexorable and cruel severity which had doomed to ignominious death a gallant and amiable prisoner of war. ere DR. DARWIN, " While he lived here he was not in the habit of throwing his imagination into his letters; they were rather hurried over as tasks than written con amore. I have often heard him say he did not possess the epistolary graces. He told me one day, when I was about six or seven-and- twenty, that he wished to write to Dr. Franklin, to compliment him upon ha. ving united modern science and philoso- phy; and gesired IT would put his houghts into my own language. He took his pen, and, throwing ou paper the heads of what he purposed gaying, de- sired I would give them verbal ornament, and that he would call next day for the result. He did call; and, looking over what I had written, laughingly com- mended the style ; copied the manuscript . 7 3 4 -+ «a SUI €39 verbatim in:my presence, directed that copy to Dr. Franklin, America, and sent it instantly to the post-oftice by my fa- ther’s servant, : COWPER’S LETTERS. Certainly Cowper’s !etters are those of a mind not ordinarily gifted; yet, if I could forget that they proceeded froma pen which had produced one great ori- ginal work, they would by no.means shew me an understanding responsible for sucha a production, For the impartially inge- nious surely they do not possess the lites tary usefulness of Pope’s letters; the wit ;and imagination of Gray’s, the strength and humour of Dr. Johnson’s, or the brilliance, the grace, the play of fancy, - which, in former years, rendered. your letters. to me equal to the best of .Ma- dame Sevigné’s, whose domestic beauties seem to me to throw those of Cowper into shade. I mean the generality of his epistles. Some few of them are very interesting egotism, for all is egotism; such of them as describe his home, his daily haunts, and the habits of his life, Neither can a feeling heart contemplate undelighted the effusions of his personal tenderness for his friends, inconsistent as they were with the apathy and neg- lect towards his poetic contemporaries. I thank you for your third volume of Cowper, which arrived the first of this month, Its contents, perused with delie berate attention, still deeper impress my conviction that far indeed from perfect was Cowper’s character, his judgment, or his epistolary style; that his character was sullied by want of charity to the failings of others, and by an unsocial exclusion of all except a few worshippers, whose attention himself and his, writings wholly engrossed—his judgment per- verted by jealous prejudice against the compositions of contemporary genius: his epistolary style, by a dearth of imas gination and eloquence, inconceivable to me from the pen which gave us the ‘Task. ; REVIEWERS. ae When I was at Bristol last summer, a lady said to me, ‘*My son,is of Mer- chat Taylors’ school. He has there a friend and schoolfellow, not yet sixteen, who has heen employed by one of the review editors to write strictures for his ‘work, on your Memoirs of Dr. Darwin.” Such are often the presumptuous deci- ders on new publications. @PINIONS : ™ 4 640 OPINIONS In 1805. ; Peace will soon be restored to the Continent, by. the utter defeat of the present coalition; but, if no repeated ex- perience can convince this country of the fatal mischiefs of her belligerent prin- ciples, they will soon bring on the loss of Ireland, and ‘the’ rapidl succeeding downfal of British independence.” The stimulant idea, which ministers have excited amongst the people, that Buonaparte is bent upon the destruction of England, ‘appears to me a dangerous illusion. Our rulers, probably, know it to be such; and if their dread is sincere, Tam afraid it-will ptove another instance of the truth of the adage which says, “ Fear is'a bad counsellor.” I feel assured that the French emperor is only bent’ upon obtaining a share in the commerce’ ofthe East and West In- dies; and that’ we’ ought to fulfil the treaty of Amiens, by resigning our exclu- » Sive’ pretension to Malta. Concessions in those respeets' would, Tam convinced, satisfy hin; and better, surely, that we should share with France ‘our colonial possessions, than that we become a vas- sal to that empire. I see no alternative, I can hear none suggested, even by the loudest clamourers for continued war, The day-spring of security will never break upon us through the sanguinary clouds raised by the breath of ministerial infatuation, ; oP taniann 4 § Secure on the Jap of restoring peace, and with our alliance courted by all the surrounding nations, Mr, Pitt tound us, in, 1784, when we resigned ourselves to his protection ; and, with ovt revived commerce, flourishing more and’ more beneath. the shade of ‘the olive. Per- ., @eiving, as he must, the blessings that peace was regaining for us, he early panted to exchange them for the curses of war, -in a quarrel with Spain about a barren.‘and: useless. territory. ‘He was happily. unsuccessful in. that sangainary attempt. . Would to God-he had been so also in the second !—After gbsti- natély ‘persevering in unsuccessful war- fare through fourteen years, he dies, and leaves us with the national debt trebled, €very port jn Europe shut against us, our internal trade perishing by bankrupt- cies, owing to that arrested intercourse, and the consequent impossibility of being paid by those European cities to which our merchants had sent their goods; our taxes more than trebled; our shores meé= 1 Letters of Anna Sewards naced with invason; oar Opfiortunities: of making a safe peace all gone hy !— and how stands Mr. Pitt’s administration, the test of the philosopher? The tree is’ _ known by its fraits. Strange that any’ one should mistake the apples of the man- chineal for the bread tree! GEORGE I. ANDI}. In the course of the last winter and spring Miss Fern read to me Lord Or-" ford’s Posthumous Works, and Godwin’s’ Life of Chaucer. His lordship’s letters possess the arch-chymie power, for they’ turn the lead of common-life themes and’ domestic occurrences to sterling gold.’ They are a perfect luxury of wit and hu- mour.. His.reminiscences familiarize us’ with the interior of the court of Pape the First and Second, and display, in full’ light, the numskullism of both those regal personages, . ate ‘© How oft at royalty.poor folk must scoff, Were distance not the foil which sets it off!’ 4 REVIEWS. When I had the highly-prized happi+ ness of your conversation, you sy ressed’ +4" Oa yA T Th ya22 . surprise at my dWning that, except in miscellaneous colléctions, my Courage to encounter the trouble and anxiety of renewed publication had. been appalled by the injustice which authors, muchuny superiors, had met from the reviewers. You politely asserted that they could not injure my compositions in the opinion of the public; but indeed I knew by expe- rience, that they can retard their sale, and what is poetic fame but the multi- plication of editions ? 1 am You afterwards confessed that your desire, regularly and attentively to-pe- ruse Madoc, had been chilled and re ctaget by the hootings of those name-+ ess critics who, like their prototypes of the feathéred race, shut their eyes on the sun, and cry, “there is no daylight.” If they can influence Dr. Mansel, ‘when so great a poet is their subject, well may I be conscious of their power to blight the less-noble fruits of my imagination. Tn years long past I heard Lucy Por- ter tell Dr. Johnson that she should like sometimes topurchase new publications, and ask him if she might’ trust the re- viewers. “ Infallibly, dear Lucy,” he replied, * provided you buy what they abuse, and never any thing they praise.” OPINIONS IN 1807.- i Ah, yes, England has at last, toward the continent at least, completed the : measure . Hayter’s Report upon the Herculaneum Manuscripts. of her incendiary madness; ruined past all hope her allies, and drawn ten times trebled danger and difficulties apon her- self. If she does not soon purchase peace, even at that unavoidably-humilia- tilly price as to its terms, to which her own infatuation has reduced her, those miseries must be speedily her own which she felt no remorse in bringing upon other nations, against the warning voice of her great deceased patriot, in this long and disastrous war; even,the giant woes of seeing our country its bloody theatre. To bend at last beneath the oninipotence of events, and beneath the chastizement of heaven, must as cer- tainly be national as it is individual wis- dom. But what shall we do with our pride?—Sacrifice it as we did when we sought reconcilement with our invaded colonies, and be rewarded by long years of peace, and its blooming and blessed conforts, cere A REPORT y UPON THE HERCULANEUM MANUSCRIPTS, Addressed, by Permission, to his Royal Highness the Prince Regent, By the Rev. Joun Hayter, A.M. Chaplain in Ordinary to the Prince, And bis superintendent of those Manuscripts. Tue curiosity of every lover of antiqui- ties and classical literature, will neces- sarily be piqued and interested by the subject of this valuable work, in many respects, one of the most striking of its kind that has appeared for many years. , Our readers cannot fail to be gratified with the following extracts from it. HERCULANEUM. The political state of Herculaneum, whether it were a settlement of Phceni- cians, or of other Asiatics, cannot be traced with any exactness, or conclusive deduction, from tacts and circumstances, at any epocha earlier, than that of the Roman dominion, It can only be argued resuinptively from Strabo, that it might o. been of the twelve cities, which formed the dynasty of the Tuscans in Campania. The opposition it made to the victorious legions of Rome, the mu- Nicipal rights which it enjoyed after its subjugation, clearly indicate some pros- perity, and some importance ur the esti- miation of the couquesor. Herculaneum is twice called Munici- pium, that is, in av inscription, which L Monracy Mae, No, 215, 661 saw in the Royal Museum at Portici; and again, im another inscription, whigh Julius Cesar Capaccio produces, That of the Royal Museum runs, M. Memmio M. F. Rufo Patri Municipes. And is sanctioned, should more proof and authorities’ be demanded, by a brass plate, which at once evinces the munici« pal privileges of this city to the most scrupulous investigator. T. Claudio. Drusi. F. Cesari. Augusti. Germanico. Pont:. Max: Trib: Pot: 8. Imp: 16. Cos. 2. Patri. Patriz. Cens. Ex Testimenti Messii L.F.M.A. Senace. Militis Coh: 10 Urbane et Dedicationi ejus legavit Municipibus Singulis HS. If n. From some inscribed pieces of stone it appears, that, as Cives’ Romani, the inhabitants of Herculaneum were enrolled in some tribe at Rome itself, particularly the Menenian. L. Annio L. F. Men. 2 Vir. [tin: Quin . . . . Vir Epularum. It may not be improper to suggest, that all the inscriptions, which I have produced, or may produce, have been digged from Herculaneum, and, except that of Julius Cesar Capaccio, have been perused and examined by me, EARTHQUAKES. There was an earthquake, Anno Christi 63, sixteen years previous to that eruption of Vesuvius, which destroyed Herculaneum, Anno Christi 79. Seneca - declares, that in this earthquake Hercus lanensis oppidi pars ruit, dubigque stant etiam, que relicta sunt. Nonis Febru- arii fuit terre motus. In an enclosure behind the great thea- tre a heap of tiles, respectively num- bered, together with the trunk of a mar- ble statue, and the fragments of several columns, was excavated under the vol-' canic materials. Another earthquake, indeed, immediately preceded, or rather attended, that eruption. Some houses were thrown to the ground by the severe concussion. Their ruins are partly spread upon the original soil, partly upon the pumice stones discharged from the moun- tuin. Pliny, in his account addressed to Tacitus, says, “* Preecesserat per mul- tos dies treror terre minus formidilosus, 4Q qui” 662 Hayter’s Report upon the Hereulaneum Manuscripts. qui Campaniz non solum castella, verum etiam oppida vexare solitus: illa vero nocte ita invaluit, ut non moveri omnia, sed everti crederentur.” In this letter, as well as in the 16th of the same book, to the same friend, Pliny has proved himself to have “ Ommia vere prosecu- tum,” although, with great modesty, he remark, ‘* Aliud est Epistolam, aliud Historiam scribere.” Conformably to his faithful deseription, the excavated stratum is not Java, as has been often said, bat “ Pumices nigrique et ambusti, et fracti igne lapides,” to the depth of nearly seventy feet m many places. All the wood in Herculaneum was reduced to coals, and every thing combustible was not only injured by the extreme heat, but, as was the case with the manuscripts, was violently compres- sed, and contracted by the ponderous pressure of the volcanic materials. In oue of his best poetical efforts Statius justly says, : Pater exemtum terris ad sidera montem - Sustulit, et laté miseras dejecit in urbes. DISCOVERY OF THE MANUSCRIPTS, Charles IL. with his natural liberality and public spirit, gave his immediate orders for excavation. But, unfortu- nately, to the discredit of the sovereign himself, and to the injury of his great designs, a Spaniard (1 forget his name) was appointed director of the whole. This Spaniard united arrogance and ob- stinacy with the darkest want of know- ledge, and, therefore, bis whole super- intendency was acourse of practical lec- tures upon those qualities. Hence it is for the hterary world a complete zpzcesay, that all the manuscripts, now preserved, were not sacrificedin common with some others, which the director, and the equally ignorant, but clearly guiltless, laborers, mistook for pieces of charcoal, or burned timber, and which, in conse- quence, were remoyed, and applied by them, to the usual domestic purposes. In the course of their removal, however, same detached fragments happily fell from one, or two, of these devoted vo- lumes, and displayed upon their surface very distinguishable characters. Of this circumstance the laborers honestly in- formed the Spaniard, who, as the cha- racters were Greek, could not read them ; he was obliged, therefore, to consult that eminent scholar, the Canon’ Mazzochi, aboutthem. To the great joy of Mazzochi, who uamediately repaired to the “Scavi,” the laborers were still procuring mort manuscripts from two different, but small, rooms in the same house.* The wood of the shelves, upon which they had been placed in small boxes, was, together with the wood of the boxes themselves, strongly charred, or reduced to ashes. The manuscripts themselves} so providentially saved by the interven tion of Mazzochi, and gradually and care+ fully exeavated by the workmen, were not less than eighteen hundred, some in a Jess, some in « more, perfect state. It is curious, that these manuscripts} which are always called by the Italians “Papiri,” because the substance of each volume or roll was formed from the plant Papyrus, owe their preservation té the heat of those materials, which had buried them ; without this, their vegetable texture must have been destroyed by pu trefaction. But, although the greatest part of their bulk had thus resisted thé effects of ‘time, yet that bulk itself had been much ifjured. In many instances it was much impaired, sometimes obli- terated, or disfigured, or perforated, a mutilated, or broken, wholly, or in part, by that very heat, or by compression yn- der the heavy voleanic materials, or by the forcible introduction of very light dust, and some small stones, into its substance, especially in the more exte- rior folds of each volume, which, in ever¥ instance, haye. suffered some or all of those various injuries. The interior folds, where the Greek and Latin cha- racters (as the manuscripts are written in both those languages) are not totally annihilated by volcanic injuries, exhibit a high degree of preservation, and even a superficial lustre, both in their sub- stance, and in the remaining characters. The ancient ink had, luckily, a consider- able quantity of gum, but no acid; of this we had been informed by Pliny the Elder, who is inyaluable, as in so many other respects, so for his extreme accu- racy in every point, upon which his inde- fatigable researches could not be misled by others, or insuperably obstructed, or * This house is supposed, upon some foundation, to have been the residence of the great Piso family. Cicero, speaking of that residence, observes, that he could sce it from his villa, near Puteoli. This circumstance has been practically confirmed upon the spot where that villa stood, in di- recting the view towards that part of the voleanic mass, which is perpendicularly over the site of that residence, bafited FT. ayler’s Report upon the Herculaneum Manuscripts. baffled. By royal command, at the sug- gestion of Mazzochi, the manuscripts syvere lodged in the Museum at Portici, and numbered; but, owing to the folly of the Spaniard, were not classed in two divisions, so as to denote the quantity found in each of the two respective rooms. rer THEIR DEVELOPEMENT. _ -To advance the developemeut and in- terpretation of these volumes, Charles ILI. instituted a society; it consisted of members, the most celebrated. in. that country for their literary attainments,— the Marguis Tannucci, Mazzochi, the Prelate Baiardi, and some few others. ‘When Piaggi, the inventor of the process, which I have more circumstantially de- scribed in my former letter, had, toge- ther with his scholar, Vincenzo Merli, unrolled a page, or any tolerable series of characters, in any fragment, they sub- mitted, in either case, whatever they had gained, to Mazzochi, who applied himself most successfully to the elucida- tion of it. The first manuscript they opened had the title of the work, and the name of the author, at the end, that is, upon the most interior part of the roll... The work, as the title imported, was upon music, the name of the au- thor Phitodemus. Perhaps it may not be thought totally pninteresting, showld I lay before your Royal Highness a view of some specimens of titles, and names, and other final in- scriptions from those * Papiri,” which were opened under my direction. _ At the end of the manuscript, No. 1042, which Camillo Paderni began to unro! 23d January, 1802, and finished 22d March in the same year, there are, BISeu elTsKou Pou ; Ther: dyCewC ta In Number 1423. i: AcoAHMou TePs PHTcPiKIC A ToN e:C Avo To IIPoTEPoN’ In Number 208. KwAwTou PoC TN TAa1. ¢.* NoC A’. Cea In Number $36. NoAvCTPaTou TlePs aAclou K4TaDPoNH CewC O1A eMiPPadou CIN MP0 TovC aAcrwC KaTa ©PaCuNoMeNovC ! ToN &N ToC MoAAaC | * These dots are inserted by me to shew, ‘that there is a chasm, - 663 AvZaZoMeNoN In Numbe* 1027. KaPNe:CKou o;AiCTa B APi‘© XXX HH AAA H CeA In Number 1006, AHMET Picu TiePt TiNwN CoZHTHOENT oN AiatTan In Number 1479. Ba. £6, 34 PP ysis Tl. Pt. uCewC KH + «+ TON cPXaioNn In Number 1414, OA0AHMov TiePs..... +. AtiTov as’ecte! at@e KoAAHMaTa Cea . wot MR. HAYTER’S LABORS. Before the commencement of my Jas bors in 1802, there had been opened, during more than forty years,only eighteen manuscripts. Of what materials their substance was formed, I have already mentioned. The process or mode of opening them, has been described in my first letter. The points, at which the ‘‘ papyraceous” shcets were fastened to- gether by a cement or gum, are often visible. I should conceive, that’ the longest roll, composed of these cemented sheets, could not have exceeded, in any instance, forty feet, and no sheet could have been longer than three feet, or thereabouts; the breadth of the sheet, as it must naturally suggest itself, must constitute the length of each roll, which, taking all the manuscripts one with ano- ther, is a varying measure from somes what less than a palm to something, but very little, moré thana foot. In writing, the ancients placed the length of the roll horizontally, and the breadth was per- pendicularly divided into columns, as they are called, or pages, with a varying interval between each, sometimes of more, sometimes. of less, than an inch, When the whole mass was folded into a volume, or roll, they beyan to fold it at the end. Hence, asl have observed before, the name of the writer and titfe of the work have hjtherto, except in two instances, been found in the innermost part of the manuscript. Very inconsi- derable pieces of the stick with “ umbi+ lici,” or rollers, round which the folds were made, and of its heads, have been found in very rare instances; butin each justance they are either pulverized, oy reduced 664 refluced to a black and friable ‘coal. The colour of the volumes is extremely different one from the other, in shades ofa tawny, a deep or dark brown; and black, to that of the darkest charcoal. Of the latter are those of Pinlodemus, already unrolled; and all the Greek ma- nuscripts, indeed, are of a blacker shade than the Latin, whichoare of the first. The inference from this respective state of colour in the different manuscripts, reust naturally be, that they were found in two different rooms; one of these rooms must have been less aflected than the other, Ly the heat of the volcanic matter. But the less any manuscript has been affected by that heat, the more dificulty has been always encountered in qpening it, for the reason which I have assigned in my first letter. _ It is remark- able, that all the Latin manuscripts, which L have attempted to unrol, have heen of a tawny or brown colour; and, therefore, one of them (which is the frag- ment of a Latin poem before-mentioned) was opened with great difficulty. Ano- ther produced only unconnected scraps of broken pages or columns, in a state the more to be lamented, as, from some common words, as well as Roman pro- per names, it might be concluded to be something historical. Of others, it was found totally impracticable to separate the substance, even in the smallest por- tions. All these, consequently, must have been lodged in ‘one of the two rooms, different from that in which those. of of Philodemus and the Greek writers were kept. The only mode of selecting a manu- script from the Royal Museum for deve- Jopement, was very simple, but not al- ways effectual; yet, at the same time, whenever the small brash, which they - wetted and applied, in tlits case, ‘to the PI > eutside surface of a manuscript, caused the exterior fuld to raise itself singly in a detached state from the next under it, that inanuseript, most completely justi+ fied the experiment, however simple, by ‘a more entire separation of each fold in the volume, especially from the middle part, even to the end, and by a more entire preservation of letters, both in form and in colour. So mauy persons of erudition, and good sense, Russians, Germaus, Swedes, Greeks, Spaniards, French, Italians, and even English, said so much of chymical experiments, as likely to contribute ‘to the greatcr and more productive facility ef unfolding the most conglutinated Hayter’s Report upon the Flerculaneuin Manuscripts. masses of these manuseripts,thatT yielded, contrary to my Own sentiments, to their © representations.’ Thes€ sentiments were » founded upon hourly observation of the’. variously affected’ sabstance” of several *. manuscripts. “That observition was di+¢ rected to the nature of their stibstance, © and to the nattre of ‘thosé materials, - which had brought them to their present « state; but, as it was my duty not even [4 ° appear to neglect’ any means by which, * it was so generally supposed, the unders taking might be forwarded, “I thought, ~ non tam P Turpe fuit vinci, quam contendisse decorum, A LATIN POEM. wig te Monday, November 29th, 1805+ “The “ Papirc,”"* No. 817, which had been consigned to Don Camilla Pa- derni, was finished. There wasno name; or title, at the end. Tt was the fragment’ of a Latin poem. **Many entire verses’ in * series were found: The poem appears to be historical. Itspeaks of Alexandria, JEgypt, Cesar, the Battle of Actium, a” siege, the queen, &c. ere methine 9 “The ‘same day, another “ Papiro,” No. 831, was chosen, and consigned tq the same Don Camillo Paderni.”~ MODE QF COLLATING. If I might be permitted, I would here exemplify to your Royal Highness this most troublesome part of my employ- ment. ; The first piece of the eleventh book of J Epicurus, which, to repeated view an minute observation, exhibited the ap- pearance of a tolerably entire and indi- vidual column, was copied, as such. “As in every other instance, where aity part ofa manuscript had been copied, so in this, I first collated the copy with fhe dark original, letter for letter. Then T began, with al] possible attention, mixed, however, with extreme distrust, both of myself, and af the thing itself, to attempt the interpretation. In the different co- Jumns of every manuscript, the most perfectly unrolled, there have been al- BO SESE ME IN Se, * The copper-plate fac-simile copy of this “ Papiro” isnow at Oxford. What an immense price, indeed, the Pere Montfaus con, whose grand aim in his Itinerant re- searches, was to find in some book a spe- cimen of ancient Latin orthography, would have set upon this fragment! In fact, the Chevalier Seratti, then Secretary of State for “ Case Reali,” when I communicated to him the discovery of this Latin frag- ment, exclaimed, with much rapture, that this discovery was worth all my pains, and all the expence of our government, ; ways HTayter’s Report upon the Herculaneum Manuseripts, 663 ways found wanting many letters, often #® word, or, more rarely, a whole sentence, or whole sentences, respectively. For the just interpretation, it was impossible, it would at least have been unjustifiable, to have proceeded otherwise, than I in- variably used todo in the case of each “La- euna.” Its dimensions I exactly ascertain- ed by anaccurate, often retraced, mensu- ration. This rigid mensuration was then applied by mein the same manner, and 2greeably to thé form, under which that same manuscript presented every given character, to as many characters as, con- jecturally, and consistently with the supposed sense of the context, I wished to replace in that “ Lacuna,” . When I was entirely satisfied, that these mensu- rations were accurate, and that the con- jectural letters, thus supplied, expressed ie very sense of the author, or, at least, some not inapplicable sense, the copyist was ordered by meto make a partial fac- simile of that “‘ Lacuna,” and of the letter which immediately came before it, and, also, of the letter which immediately came after it, and then make in the “ Lacuna” itself a fuc-simile transcript of each character, which had been supplied, in strict conformity to the usual dis- tances between the respective letters in the same manuscript. When this whole process admitted, “ modulo,-ae pede,” and in aptest correspondence, my sub- stituted, or supplied, characters, I wrote them, in my own interpreted copy of that manuscript with red ink, inorder to dis- tinguish them from the actually existing eharacters of the original. After having gone through this process in_the quoted instance of the first piece of the above- mentioned eleventh book of Epicurus, after having repeated several times this process, in consequeace of the alteration which, the surface, by the detachment and loss of several of its particles, re- peatedly exhibited, I found, that, after this repeated process, and the laboured, tormenting, and most unsatisfactory, supplemental conjectures of a month, both in the Museum and at home, as well for the vacant letters, as fgr the tense, my whole interpretation was ne- cessarily wrong. This piece, which was supposed to farm one column, was at Jast discovered to consist of two halves, one of which really belonged to the si- tuation which it occupied, the other, to a preceding column. Of the violent transposition of characters by the same ausposition of particles, im the same column, an example is afforded in the’ following extract from my journal: “ Wednesday, 6th February, 1805. “ The ‘ Papiro,” No. 2€, which had been consigned to Don Antonio Lentari, was finished, and at the end were the characters, “ . AaaHe . McC lep TsC 2. oN” MANUSCRIPTS DISCOVERED AND NOW IN ENGLAND, The dialect of the fragments of the eight books of Epicurus is attic; that of Polystratus and Colotes, is so to a certain degree only. The dialect of tha Treatise upon Anger, I think, is somes what attic; the language of that treay tise, in general, is superior to all the rest. If one except the Latin poem, the subjects of all the manuscripts at Oxford are biographical, or physical, or philolo~ | In dif-” ferent places of different works, theré gical, or moral, or theological. are short poetical quotations from, lost poets. is incalculably precious, because we-find, in this quotation, the same language, ex~_ pression for expression, as in the present editions. The whole of the present text,’ therefore, of the poet, boasts an authen-' ticity of a very remote period, certainly not less than sixteen handred and thirty-' two years, if an illative argument of this nature may be regarded as of weight in this case, which, as purely accidental, is unquestionably freer from cayil than most other cases. It may be added, with great truth, that all these manu- scripts, which nec ignes, : Nec poterat ferrwmn, necedax abolere veiustas, even if the consideration of their bigh antiquity be excluded, even if no value be affixed to them, as the most legitimate criterions of orthography in the two learned languages, these manuscripts, I must say, are still inestimable, because the compositions, preserved in them, had been supposed to have been irrecover- ably lost. DEPUTATION FROM NAPLES. At the commencement of the year 1806, it was well known that his Sicihan majesty intended to leave Naples, and that the queen and the royal family, would also be obliged soon afterwards to leave it, I thought it my duty to solicit the official interposition of his wajesty’s minister fur the removal of the manu. scripts, One quotation from the Odyssey - ~ 665 |“ Huyter’s Report upon the Herculaneum Manuscripts. scripts, hoth originals, and copies. The, want of instruction from government for that purpose, I was told, still prevented his official interposition ; at the same time his majesty’s minister directed me to go m his name to the Chevalier Seratti, with a representation of the necessity there was to remove these objects. This secretary of state, instead of entering im. mediately into the subject of my visit, éhose, with great violence, and with foaming mouth, and in the most unjus- tifiable terms, to heap upon me, whose mission was certainly not at all political, the most heavy invectives against his majesty’s forces, which had been landed at Naples. At last, having, in the course of an half hour, most amply vented his rage, he returned, in a softened tone, to the cause of my visit: he assured me, that removal would injure the original Papiri,” and was besides not necéssary ; ** we shall soon be at Naples again.” After the departure of the king, the hereditary prince was regent of the king- dom. For the same reason, and in the same manner, as his majesty’s minister had not yet received instructions, [ was directed to wait upon his royal highness, who informed me, that the king, at the time of his departuie, in which he was accompanied by the Chevalier Seratti, had given strict orders for not removing the manuscripts. From these orders the regent could not deviate. It must be confessed, the political character of Chevalier Seratti was generally regarded asnot favourable to the interests of Great Britain, but strongly inclining te the French party. Whatever may be the truth, I must have some right to question his good faith, at least, when Nee cineri servata Fides. . The Chevalier dé Medici succeeded the Chevalier Seratti in office. The Monday before our flight from Naples, in February, 1806, I was again directed, ppon’ my -application to his majesty’s minister, who had not yet received his instructions, to go to the new secretary of state. The Chevalier, who was not then, it should seem, in the secret, de- sired I would, in his name, order Pirro Paderni, who bad succeeded La Vega, as keeper of the Royal Museum, immedi- ately to prepare all the “ Papiri” for re- moval. This I did about noon that very day. Pirro Paderni expressed much alacrity in his apparent readiness to ex- ecute this order; but he told me, that he would go that very afternoon to the secre- 5 3 tary of state, from whom, for his own-ses curity, after the orders of the king, he must in person receive a written com- mand for the purpose. The whole scene was then shifted. The next morning I was informed, the orders of the king, with regard to these manuscripts, were in revived force. What else could be expected? Your royal highness may be pleased to consider, that the Chevalier Seratti, and others still higher, who were never suspected of too, much anglicism, would, in. the instance of these manu- scripts, avail, themselves of) every cirs cumstance that seemed to justly a non compliance with the demands of your royal highness’s superintendent. “Vhe circumstance that his majesty’s sinister would not officially, mach less urgently, insist upon the removal of the manus scripts, gave the. party, who opposed that removal, a fair pretext for that ope position. This party said, and J heard it repeated, that this removal could not have been wished by government, others wise his majesty’s minister would have interposed, So far this party may be thought to be supposted by some justi- ficauon, provided your royal highness could, for a moment, be reconciled to the measure of abandoning to the come mon enemy those objects. For the ace quisition of them a person had been sent to Naples, under your own royal com- mission, and received in that character by the Neapolitan court, sition of them, that person had several years employed the most continual and the most embarrassing study and fatigue, and atthe expence of his majesty’s ga: vernment, and under the sanction of an act of parliament, in the kingdom of a é In the acquis ‘ sovereiyn, who is under the most essene : tial obligations to Great Britain. With the before-mentioned pretext, however, not only all the original manuseripts, which would be injured, it was said, by removal, but even the engraved fuc sumile copies of some books of Epicurus, un- folded during my superintendency, (and surely these could not be injured by re- moval) were abandoned to the common enemy. two different parties to secure the attains ment of their wishes, directed as they were, upon different motives, to the same end. The one branch consisted in those men, who would not follow the court to Sicily. These men must have been eager to retain at Naples all the royal property, whicli would gratify their new masters, and secure for theniselves, t@ Besides, this pretext enabled: Faulkner's History of Chelsea. to any degree, means of indulgence or protection. The other branch consisted of those who had been employed about these manuscripts; Rosini, Peter ta Vega, the unfolders, and the copyists, wished to retain, as, in fact, they retain, the same employment under the French. Both these branches of the same party, protected by the queen, obtained, through Seratti, the king’s order for not removing these manuscripts, nor those engraved fue simile copies. To these motives must be added another, if I inay call indifference a motive, for relinquishing these manuscripts. ‘This indifference of men in the two Sicilies, with regard to literature in general, and therefore with regard to these ‘manuscripts, is remark- able. For instance, a Marquis Berio, with whom I was well acquainted, ‘had one of the best libraries in the world: he possessed the reputation of learning, and of the encouragement of the learned. This eminent Jetterato, in the frequent visits he made me at Portici, would al- ways come to my own house, to the museum never. Aman of that country, now high in office at Palermo, asked me, whether the text of those fumosi papiri were not Arabic, More than two hundred “ Papiri” had heen opened wholly, or in part, during my stay at Naples. ‘he experience of every day had added infinite facility and skill, with accurate and secure, but rapid, dexterity, to each unfolder and copyist. Hence, with these increasing advantages, every one of the remaining fifteen hun- dred, or as many of them as could be opened, would be opened, and copied, it was reasonably and universally cal- culated, within the space of six years at the most, The enemy can, therefore, in -addition to the original manuscripts themselves, enjoy the advantage of this improved skill in the persons, whom I employed about them. At Palermo it was in vain that Tap. plied to the Chevalier Seratti to obtain permission to have lor my use, and witli a view to publication, a single manus script, that is, a single fac simile copy, of all the fuc simile copies which were brought from Naples, although they had heen unfolded and copied under my direction, and although they had all been corrected, and many of them had been ‘interpreted and translated by myself. This minister Of state wislied, as he had with the most corrupt and most inde- eorous misconduct, contributed to de- prive your roya! highness of all the ori- 667 ginal manuscripts, and of some of tha most valuable engraved fuc simile copies, © to have been also as successfully guilty with regard to all those fac simile copies. The auspicious return of the Right Honourable Sir William Drummond, his Majesty’s minister at that court, this second time the successor, as the first time the predecessor, of Huyh Elliot, esq. defeated all the intentions of the Chevalier Seratti. The Chevalier dé Medici, the successor of the Chevalier Seratti, complied at once with the de= mands of Sir William Drummond, and consigned to him, by order of the king, all the fac simile copics, which are now at Oxford. Of these, the Treatise upon Death, and the Fragment of the Latia Poem, together with the Greek and Las tin alphabets, were immediately en- graved under my superintendency at Palermo. EE AN Historical and Topographical Description OF CHER YSE At AND ITS ENVIRONS; interspersed with Biographical Anecdotse of Illustrious and Eminent Persons whe have resided in Chelsea during the three preceding Centuries. y By Tuomas FauLener, of Chelsea. Mr, Faulkner has made the best use of a good subject. The vicinity of Chelsea to the mevopolis, and its pleasant sité on the banks of the Thames, have for many ages made it the retreat of states- men ard of persons engaged in the active scenes of life; hence its history involves personal anecdotes of those whose ine- mory is the most dear to the recollec. tions of Englishmen. Our limits do not allow us to do that justice to Mr, Faulk- ner’s work which it deserves, but most of our readers will be amused by the follow. ing passages, and for others of equal curiosity we refer them to the work itself For our parts we wish every considerable parish round London had an historian of the taste and industry of this writer, ° CHELSEA BUNS. The manufacture of Chelsea buns should not be oinstted, having been so long in esteem, and carried on upon the same spot, for more than acentury: and they have likewise been honored by the notice of Swift. near a hundred years ago: “ Pray, are not the fine buns sold here in our town; has it K-r-r-rer-r-r-rare Chelsea 668 Chelsea buns? YI bought one to-day in my walk; it was stale, and I did not like 1681. For returning of noncon- it as the deste said.” &c. FROM THE CHURCIIWARDEN’S: BOOKS. 1594. Reed more of women than they got in hockynge 4597. To the Lo. Almoners Offi- cers for not ringinge at the Q. remove from Kensington to Rich- ment c 4606. Of the good wy ves their hockyngmoney 1607. April 13, Of the women that went a hockyng 4614- Recd of Robert Munden that the men rik gett by hocking. 1632. Given the ringers. at’ ‘his majesties coming to the Duchesses house 1665. Payed the ringers, when . his majestie dined at the Spanish ambassador’s Payed the ringers, at the overthrow of the Dutch Payed to a poor scoller Paid for the burialls of three Spaniards J Paid for the buriall of the Dutch captives at seve- rall tymes 4666. Given to 5 powre women that lost by the fire Paid the ringers after_the fire . Paid for a honfire and ring- ing after the fight 1667. Spent upon measuring the Pest House . Oct.12.Payd James Gould for the Pest House in full Dec. 28. Given tothe ringers when the king came pauee the town 1669-70. The sum of 5801. 19s. 10d. was collected by voluntary contributions of the principal inhabi- tants, for the rebuilding the charch A 1670. Received by a brief for the redemption of poor csp- tives . 1674. Paid to Charles Munden for ye ringers when ye king came to the Earl of Lindseys 2676. Paid the ringers when his Majestic came to town 2678. Paid for putting up the king’s arms in the church ° . ahi, case 2 Oe aa. 0 40 53, ..0 45 0 10 0 O.- dQ 010 0 ORO 0 0 6 S20 3 15.8 1 10 1 0 580 12 10 13 11.8 010 O Oreo Fauikner’s History of Chelsea. for mists . Paid to certain Gratian slaves . Paid the Pariterfora prayer book for the Prince of Wales ° Paid the Pariter for. abook for the Prince’s coming Paid the ringers when the queen landed at Chelsea Paid the ringers when the king landed from Ire- land : : Paid the ringers at the king’s return from Hol- land . ‘ Paid the ringers for a vic- tory atsea . Duchess of Masaton, a defaulter to the parish rates A Paid the ringers when Nae mur was surrendered 1699. Pay’d the ringers that day Ap. 11. the king went twice over the ferry 1702. For ringing at Prince Eu- Ap. 11. gene’s victory over the French 1705. Paid the ringers for a vice July 15. tory gained by the Duke of Marlborough 1766. June 27. Paid ‘the rin- gers for the taking of Madrid ‘ 1708. Paid the ringers for the talcing of Lisle . 1709. Paid the ringers for the taking of the citadel of Tournay 2 1710. Paid the ringers for the Aug. 26. second battle in Spain near Saragossa . 1711. Collected for the protes- April Y. tants of Orange 32 55 whereof 10 15 5 was collected by Mr, Hare, among the gentlemen of the Royal Hospital 4715. Paid the ringers, and for Jan: 13. hoisting the flag for the landing of King George 1716. Paid the ringers when the Princess visited the Dutchess of Monmouth 1717. Paid the ringers for the June 12. prince and __ princess, coming up by water 17. Paid the ringers when the prince and princess lay before the town 1683. 1688. 1689. 1690. 1692. 1692. 1695. ° bo ° o—] o 8 —~— °o.°9 2 8 010 6 010 @ ORIGIN Huaytér’s History of Chelsea, _ ORIGIN OF CHELSEA HOSPITAL. - "There is a tradition chat this institution Olves its rise to the benevolent exertions of Nell. Gwyn, the celebrated’ mistress of Charles If. A paragraph'in a news- paper of the day,* seems to give some little strength to the supposition; and a public-house still exists, at no great dis- tance from the hospital, having ~her por- trait for its sign, and-an. inscription,’ as- etibingto ber the merit of the founda- tibn. na NOK RS The anonymous author of the Life of Eleanor Gwyn states, that it'was at her instigation that this suble® charity was established. “~ A yes We will give the writer’s own words: Another act of generdsity,. which raised the character of this, lady above every other courtezan. of these or any other times, was her solicitude to.-effect the institution of Chelsea; hospital. One cay, when shé was rolling about town in her coach,’'a poor witin ‘came, to the coach-door, soliciting charity, who told fier a story, whether trie or false is im- material, of bis having been.wounded in the .civil wars, in agente of the royal cause. This circumstance greatly af- fected the . benevolent . heart, of Miss Gwyn; she considered that, besides the hardships of; their being exposed to beg- gary by woands received in-defence of their country, that it seemed to be the most monstrous ingratitude in the go- Vernment to suffer those to perish who stood up in their defence, and screened them from the most hazardous attempts at patriotism, 4 _ “ Warm_ywith . these. reflections, and the-overfow of pity, she hurried to the king, and represented the. misery in which she had found an old servant ;.in- treated that she might suffersome scheme to be proposed to him towards support- ing those unfortunate sons of valour, whose“old age, wounds, or infirmities, rendered them unfit for service; so that they might not close their days with re- pining against fortune, and be oppressed with the misery of want. : Wh ¢ “ This observation she communicated to’ personages of distinction, who were public-spirited enough to encourage it; and to Nell Gwyn is now.owing the com- fortable provision which is made for de- OTE ENR IO SORTER Te EY BN SI “ ® We hear that Madam Ellen Gwyn’s ‘iether, sitting lately by the water side, at her house by the neat houses near Chelsey, fell. accidentally into the water, and was drowned. —Domestic Intellig. Aug. 5, 1679. Monzurx Mae, No, 215, — 669 cayed soldiers, and that pleasant retreat they find at Chelsea.* We know not if any just degree of crgdit can be given to the work just cited, and it must still, therefore, remain a-doubtful point to whose kind exertions our brave veterans owe their present. comfortable asylum, It is, however, well known, that Sir Stephen Fox was one of its most liberal and zealous bene- factors; he, with a most princely spirit of generosity, which deserves to be recorded on worthier and more lasting pages than these, contributed above thirteen thous sand pounds towards defraying the ex= pences of the fabric. The edifice, as was before observed, was begun in the year 1682, but not completed till 1690. The whole expense of the’ building is computed to have amounted to 150,000/. and the three fol- lowing personages were appointed by patent, March 3, 1691, commissioners for the conduct of Chelsea Hospital: Richard, Earl of Ranelagh, Paymaster-general. Sir Stephen Fox, Kat, Lord Commissioner of the Treasury. Sir Christopher Wren, Surveyor-general of the Works. ; PRESENT STATE. Theaffairs of the Hospital are managed by commissioners appointed by patené under the great seal,.. They are, The Lord President of the Council, The First Lord of the Treasury, The Secretaries of State, The Paymaster-generaliof the Forces, The Secretary at War, The Comptrollers of Army Accounts, The Governor, ‘and The Lieutenant- governor of the Royal Hoss pital. Of these, the latter five only act, and hold boards occasionally for the admis- sion of pensioners, and the internal ree gulation of the hospital. The establishment of the hospital cone sists of @ governor, a lieutenant-governor, a major, an adjutant and assistant-adju- tant, a treasurer, a secretary, two chap~ Jains, ‘a physician, a surgeon, and an aputhecary, a comptroller, a steward, a clerk of works, with other warrant officers, _ There are four hundred and seventy six in-pensioners, divided into the fol- lowing*classes : f Twenty-six captains, one of whom’ acts as serjeant-major. a * Memoirs of the Life of Eleaner Gwyn, age 42.—London, 1792. : sid WL Ta Thirtys 670° Thirty-two serjeants, Thirty-two corporals, and Sixteen drummers, : Three Hundred and thirty-six privates, and Thirty-four light-horsemen. These are daily allowed the following provisions each man ; One pound of meat, One loaf of bread of twelve ounces, . One quarter of apound of cheese, and Two quarts of beer. On Wednesdays and Fridays, instead of;meat, they have One pint of pease-soup, Half a pound of cheese, and Two ounces of butter. ‘On Sundays and Tuesdays, mutton, Beef the other three days. , They are all annually cloathed ina uni- form of scarlet faced with blue, They are lodged in, sixteen wards, to each of which two serjeants and two cor- porals are appointed, with a matron, or nurse under the immediate inspection of the housekeeper, to take care of the linén and bedding, and to assist in clean- * ing each ward. Fires are kept in every ward, and the men have évéry attendance that can ren-. der them comfortable. Tn addition to their provision, clothing, &c. the in-pensioners are allowed weekly pay in the following proportions : Sd Captains - - 3.6 Serjeants - : 2.0 Corporals and drummess, each 0 10 Privates - - 0 8 Light-horse - - 2.20 ’ The light-horse are generally serjeants of cavalry, and selected for their services or good behaviour while in the hospital The captains, serjeants, and corporals, are also, appointed from the most de- serving and orderly men. The hospital bemg considered as a mili- tary station, regular garrison duty is per- formed by the pensioners, . Divine service is performed regularly on Sundays, with prayers on, Wednesdays and Fridays; and every ward.is provided with Bibles, Prayer-books, and. othe religious and instructive books. ; The anniversaries of the Restoration of Charles II., (May 29,) and the King’s birth-day, (June 4,) are kept as festivals in the Hospital. The governor and offi- cers dine together, and the pensioners -Christinas, fire'threé vollies; and Eave a double ale towance of provision and beers N ve Hayter’s History of Chelsea, The ‘number of out-pensioners, at 1809, was twenty-three thousand and fitty, who are paid at dif, , ferent rates, according to their length , of service, or their. disability, from fives , pence to three shillings and sixpence per day, agreeable to an Act of Parliament which took place at Christmas, 1806. The expense of the Hospital and ont. . pensioners is defrayed by an annual, grant from Parliament, voted with the. army estimates. It now amounts to about 440,000/. per year. CESAR’S FORD. _ In concluding the account of Chelsea , Hospital, we cannot forbear making an., extract from Maitland’s History of Lon- don, respecting the passage of Julius» Cesar over the Thames, which that. author, from his own observation and , inguiries, supposes to have taken place , near this site. At The Britons* having been defeated in , the reiga of Claudius by the Roman ; Pretor, were obliged to take refuge in. their bogs and marshes on the banks, , of the Thames; but being closely pure, sued by the, Romans, they forded, thar , river, and the Romans were unable to , follow them, until after the arrival of , the Emperor Claudius, when he, with , his army also passed the river, and com- pletely routed them. “ This consideration,” Maitland says, _ “ occasioned my attempting to find out , the largest marshes on the south side, of the Thames, where there was any, probability of a ford, when I discovers ed that the greatest marshes on that, , side before the imbanking of the said river, reached from Wandsworth to. Woolwich; wherefore I endeavoured, by ; sounding the said river, at several neap tides, from the first of these places to, London Bridge, to. discover a ford,.. Ly which, to. my no small. satisfaction, I did on the 18th of September, anno...” 1732, about ninety feet west of. the. south-west angle of Chelsea College=.. garden, where, in a right line from. north-east to south-west, I found the... deepest. part of the channel to be only four feet seven inches deep, and the,, day before, it blowing bacd from the... west, my waterman assured, me that _ the water, then, was above a foot low-_ er; and at such tides, before the course . of the river was obstructed,, either by banks or bridges, it must have been « considerably shallower; and, considéere~ ee ‘ * Dion, Cass, Hist, Rom Lib. 60.) eat a : ‘ se ) \ ~ Life tin Character of Merander Adam, LL.D. Jing that this is the lowermost ford in ‘the river Thames, I not only take it to _be the place where the Britons passed, ‘but likewise that which Julius Cesar “forced, when he routed the Britons, “notwithstanding what has been alledged ‘by Camden, and others, in favour of *Cowey Stakes, where the water is not only deeper, but likewise that there are ‘many other places in the said river, be- tween the ford above-mentioned, and ‘Cowey Stakes, which are muchshallower.” Ta Antoninus’s second Journey, Lon- ‘doh appears to have been seventy-seven Roman miles from the port Ritupis, an Kent, where Caesar landed, to which being added about three of the same ‘miles, from the millarium, (London Stone) in Canon Street, to the afore- Said ford at Chelsey, they will exactly ‘answer to the account of about eighty Miles, given by Cesar of the distance of Cassivelaun’s confines from the sea, where he passed the river Thames; whereas seventeen Roman miles, the distance from London to Cowey Stakes, being added to the account in the Iti- nerary, the same will be thereby in- creased to ninety-four milesy which can by no means agree with the account «given by Cesar. DON SALTERO’S COFFEE- HOUSE. This well known coffee-house was first opened in the year 1695, by one Salter, who had been a servant to Sir Hans Sloane, and had actonipanied him on his travels. The collection of curio- sities, which were principally the gift of Sir Hans Sloane, being the duplicates of bis various curious collections, drew from London a multitude of spectators, It existed more than a century, and - was at Jength sold by public auction in the year 1799. _. Sir Richard Steele, in “* The Tatler,” No. 34, bas given a humourous: descrip* tion of this: once far- famed: collection of rarities, and of its eccentric proprietor The curiosities of this collection were deposited in glass cases; atid consisted of a great variety of petrefactions, cos rals, chrystals, ores, shells, animals preserved in spirits, stuffed animals from various! parts of the world, rdols, cu- rious Chinese manuscripts, missals, birds, sriakes, butterflies, medals, models, fires arins, fishes, portraits, prints, &c. _ A'catalogue of the whole was: printed with the names of the donors: affixed ; and, under the management of skilful hands,, this. collection could not have failed. to. produce. ample remuneration gral profit. “671 Such collections, aided by those. of Tradescant, Ashmole, and Thoresby, cherished the infancy of science, and should not be depreciated as the play- things of a boy after he is arrived at manhood: Mr. Pennant’s ancestor, who lived at Chelsea, often took his great nephew, Mr. Pennant’s father, to the coffee-house, where he used to see poor, Richard Cromwell, a little, and very neat, old man, with a most placid countenance, the effect of his innacent and unambitious life. He imagines this was Don Saltero’s coffee-house, to which he was a benefactor, and hasthe honor of having his name mentioned in the collection. 1 Mr. Pennant, when a boy, saw “ his uncle’s gift to the great Saltero,” which was ‘a lignified hog”’? What Mr. Pen- nant thus facetiously denominates, in the edition of Saltero’s Catalogue that we have seen, is called “ a piece of a root of a tree that’ grew in the shape of a hog.” He feared this matchless cu- riosity was lost, at least it is omittedia the last, or forty-seventh edition of the catalogue, a : AN ACCOUNT OF y The LIFE and CHARACTER. of ALEXANDER ADAM; LL.D, Recior of the High School of Edinburgh, HIS EARLY LIFE. The late Dr. ALEXANDER ADAM was horn at Coats, of Bergie, in the parish of Rafford, and county ‘of Moray.’ His fi ther, John Adam, rented oné of those -small. farms which then abounded in the orth of Scotland. John Adam and Vhbristian Watson, though respectable, were not rich. They were, however, in such circumstances as enabled them to make good their determination of keep’ ing their son at school, till such time a he should be entitled to become a claim- ant for a.bursary, to enable hini to pros secute his studies at one of thé univer. sities. After going through thé routing of the Latin language, as’ it’ was then usually taught in a parochial school, Mrt Adam turned his steps towards Albers deen, with the intention of cotitending for a bursary, or exhibition of sinall value, It was at King’s College'that he made the attempt. But there his pros ficiency in Latin was not approved; hé was declared incompetent, and in cons sequence remanded to his studieS under his schoolmaster Mr. Fiddes,- of whom nothing-has been handed down tous but his name. id. After a season spent in renewing his foriner Jf 2 “former exercises, he was encouraged to go to Edinburgh, about the beginning of the year 1758, by the representations and advice of the Rev. Mr. Watson, then minister of Canongate parish, and a relation of Mrs. Adam. His studies were continued with unremitting vigour, and his finances were so straightened, that, in his anxiety to go forward to the grand object of his career, he even abridged his portion of the necessaries of life. He entered the logic class in the university of Edinburgh, on the 4th November, 1758, and about the same time’ began to assist young Mr. Maconochie,* in that capacity which is commoniy styled a private teacher. For his services, he received -only one guinea in three months; yet, as he had no other method of raising a sixpence, he contrived to subsist upon this sum, and in a manner which will now appear incredible. He lodged in a small room at Restalrig, in the north-easteri: suburbs; and for this accommodation he paid fourpence per week. All his meals, except dinner, uniformly consisted of oatmeal made into porridge, together with small-beer, of which he only allowed himself half a bot- tle ata time.’ When he wished to dine, he purchased a penny-loaf at the nearest baker’s shop; and, if the day was fair, he would dispatch his meal in a walk to the Meadows, or Hope Park, which is adjoining to the southern part of the city; but, if the weather was foul, he had recourse to some long and lonely stair, which le would climb, eating his dinner at every step. By this means all expence for cookery was avoided, and he wasted neither coals nor candles; for, when he was chill, he used to run till his hloed beyan to glow, and his even- ing studies were always prosecuted under the roof of some one or other of his coms panions. HIS WORKS. . The work which laid the foundation of Mr. Atlam’s reputation was his Latin Grammar. This book was published in May 1772, and its merits underwent the severest scrutiny; for-no sooner..was it generally known, or rather no sooner was it generally circulated, than it met with the most violent opposition. After our author had laid at rest the disagreeable controyersy respecting his grammar, he praceeded to compile ‘¢ A Summary of Geography and History,” for the use of his pupils. This design was * Now a Lerd of Session, by the title of Lord Meadowbank. : Life and Character of Alexander Adam, LL.D. * admirably calculated for facilitating thei¢ acquirement of a thorough knowledge of the ancient writers., He had now formed a plan for giving to the world a set of works much wanted in their several de- partments, and which should also ems body his ideas of a proper course of study for the perfect attainment of the Latin language. The Roman Antiquities appeared in 1791, and, for the copy-right, the doctor received from his bookseller, the sum of 600]. The emolument which he derived from this work was exceedingly small, in comparison of the vast encrease of re- spectability which, in a short time, ap- peared from the circulation of such a va- Juable book, The author’s name was now ranked among the first literati in Britain; he was declared to have pro- duced the best compendium of Roman antiquities which is extant. It was. translated into the German, French,and Italian languages. ihe The Classical Biography was published at Edinburgh in the latter end of avtumn 1800, and three hundred pounds were given for the copy-right. It was origi+ nally intended to serve as an appendix to the large Latin dictionary, upon which the rector had been previously employed _ for almost seven years, when he found that the subordinate work had insensibly increased to the bulk of a separate pub- lication... He evinced much ability and industry, in the Geographical Index appended to the Summary of Geogra- phy; and, in the work now under consi-« deration, he comprised, by the same means, and within moderate limits, a copious fund of information and refers ence. He spared neither time nor la- bour,. in ascertaining the proper autho. rities for every fact and statement which he had occasion tg introduce in every progressive step of bis undertaking. In this manner our author’s works gained undeniable superiority over all others of the same nature; and in this way he has referred the student, ‘in almost every. page, to the purest sources of historie truth, and to the best models of eloquence among the ancients, SCHCOLMASTERS’ FUND. Upon the 20th of September, 1805, a general meeting of the schoolmasters in Scotland was. convened at Edinburgh For about twenty years preceding, it had been regretted by many friends to public improvement, that the instructors - of youth often left, at their death, a wife and family without any settled provision. Various suggestions had been made witlr Retrospect of French Liteature—History. a view to the institution of a public fund for contributing to the relief of the dear- est relatives of a class of men, who, though they deserve every encourage- ment, have seldom an opportunity of procuring a share of affluence suitable to their real importance as members of the state, The object of this meeting was to deliberate upon the most efficient mode of putting these suggestions into execution; but no regular measures were adopted, though the public attention was excited in a considerable degree. An individual, present at the meeting, after- _wards threw out a hint intended for pro- ‘moting the objects in view. He pro- posed that the co-operation and support ‘of Dr. Adam should be requested in the most particular manner; these objects being thought highly desirable, both on account of the doctor’s prominent situa- tion as ateacher, and his extended influ- ence and connection. This hint was adopted without delay, and the rector benevolently lent a willing ear to the re- quest of his brethren. He exerted him- self among his friends in public capaci- ties, who could assist them in facilitating the completion of the plans which had been laid down; and he advanced from his. private funds nearly 370I. being the amount of expence incurred in procuring an act of parliament. Those friends who assisted the doctor in his laudible exertions exclusively belonged to that set of men, to whose endeavours huma- nity is indebted for the abolition of the slave-trade, and from whom, it is to be hoped, this country will yet derive im- portant benefits. Among these, the Hon, Henry Erskine, Francis Horner, and William Adam, Esqrs. M.P. were most conspicuously anxious in manifest- ing their attention to the rector’s wishes, At a numerous mecting of schoolmasters held at Edinburgh on the 18th of Sep- tember, 1807, thanks to these gentlemen were propused, and carried by unani- mous acclamation. It had been previ- viously resolved, that the members 678 shold “return their warmest thanks to Dr’ Adam, for the essential services whch he had rendered to the school- maters in Scotland, by promoting the enictment of their bill, and in advane cig the monéy for that purpose.” “his bill was intituled, “Aw Act, for raing and securing a Fund for the relief of widows and children of Burgh and Paochial Schoolmasters in Scotland ;” an includes a variety of minute regula- tios. These are not of immediate con- segence ; but it may be proper to give a brif sketch of the state and nature of the institution. The contributors are divied into five classes, The first is assssed in the annual payment of five guieas, and so on to the fifth, or lowest, with pays one guinea yearly, The sur thus raised is subject to various lintations, and is vested in trust, in the naje of a cashier, chosen from among the members. at the general meeting. Th widows of contributors receive an- nuies in proportion to the payments mde by the class to which their hus- bars may have belonged. A widow of a ontributor of the first class draws 251. peannum, and those of the fifth receive 51. Dr. Adam was chosen cashier, and offiated, from the commencement of thc proceedings under the act, till his deh. The writer had occasion to knw, from his own observation, that hally a day passed in which the doctor dicnot perform some service to the in= stiltion, or shew his anxiety, in some maner, for its welfare. He was truly th: father of the measure, and he had th:satisfaction to see it increase in ex- te: and respectability. In the space of tw years, the contributors were tripled. Athe last general meeting, held in June 1€0, the funds, after deduction of all exences from the commencement, ‘apunted to 21201. and contributions we drawn from three hundred and thty subscribers. The numbers stood ths: In the first class 64, the second 45, ththird 64, the fourth 93, and the fifth 64, ny My HALF-YEARLY RETROSPECT O FRENCH LITERATURE. rt ‘ HISTORY. “ CIUR VEtat Militaire de l’Empire Bysantin,” &c.—On the Military State of the Byzantine Empire, during .the reign of the Emperor Justinian [. ty Lawrence Encrrstorr, professor of istory and Geography in the University of Copenhagen. _ History no where presents a more agnishing phenomenon, than the conti« nid existence of the Bysantine empire, weh, although feeble at its very birth, ye was able to sustain itself for near ellen hundred years, in the midst of the mt imminent dangers; any one of wth would have proved sufficient to ovturn a great state. Sprung from atient Rome at a period when itself approxis 67% approximated its ruin, it received ni its ‘very cradle the germs of all those vces, and that corruption which bring o1 the ‘yoin of empires. Patriotism, simpleity ‘of manners, the love of liberty, a pasion for war, and all those virtues wich “elevated Rome to the climax of gan- deur, had long disappeared from the earth; while selfishness, pomp, pussilani- mity, and a spirit at once haughtyand ‘servile, formed the principal features of the character of those citizens whocon- ‘constituted the empire. Trom thevery first too, this New Rome was attackd on ‘all sides, by enemies much more nme- rous, and infinitely more valiant, han ‘the forces opposed by her to them the ‘Goths, the Slavi, the Huns, and narly ‘all the nations which overwhelmecEu- rope during the grand migration, assiled her in their turn; the Persians, the ara- cens, and the other conquerors of «sia, afterwards commenced a long as wil as uninterrupted attack; while so farrom ‘enjoying that degree of tranquillity ith in, which would have permitted hr to apply herself entirely to defence aginst such formidable enemies, the ewire was torn asunder by political facbns; and theological disputes still morebit- ter .han the former. To these the chief men in the ate, the grandees, and in fine all classes'c the community, resigned themselves wiiout reserve, while they entirely forgot tose ‘external disorders which menacedhieir common conntry. It frequently ap- peved that the intrigues of the courtand the ambition and avarice of afew eunuchs, bronght Constantinople self to the very brink of destruction: notith- standing this, the empire still supped itself, during more than a thousand yars, Nothing is the effect of chance, for lere every where exists a series of causeand effects, which produce those ets which we denominate history. _Itte- quently happens indeed that they enpe our enquiries, but it appertains tcthe historian to withdraw the veil that crers them; and M. Engelstoft in. his desip- tion of the military state.of Byzanum during “the time of Justinian Khas thrown great light on a phenomen, which at the-first aspect/appears the almost inconceivable. He; in. comon with all Europe, has been struck witthe sudden and repeated capture. of theupi- tals of the most flourishing empiresand he conceived that an analysis, of bis reign, during which Constantinopleself was besieged, although, the arms othe emperor were victorious,in, Asia, Afpay 5 ‘Retrospect of Fiench Literature—History. / and Italy, might contribute greatly to ek- ‘plain these events. Here follows an outline of his works, which, in addition to a profound inquiry into the ordinary sources of intelligence, presents many excellent remarks, inferences, and dé- ductions. ; The Danube, for a long time, consti- tuted the grand barrier between tlie Roman empire and the barbarous ma- tions. The Dacians and the Geta, known also by the general name of the’ Sarmatians, inhabited the left bank, and made frequent irruptions into Thrace, Meesia, and Illyria, Augustus was coti- tent to oppose legions and strong for- tresses on the right bank, to these; but Trajan actually crossed the river, forcetl the barbarians to retire towards the ‘north, and thus established a Roman province beyond the Danube. This for «a time ensured tranguillity to the pos- sessions on the right side; but notwith> standing that, several of the northern nations, and among these the Vandals and Goths, at length advanced towards the Danube, and forced the emperor Aurelian, in the year 274, ouce more to confine the dominions of Rome to the ‘provinces situate. on the sovth side of the river. But even then thé provinces near to the Danube, enjoyed, for almost a century, a considerable des gree of tranquillity, because the barba- rous nations happened, at that periud, to make war on each other, At length, in 369, the Huns, having arrived from thé heart of Asia, forced the Goths to cross over to the right bank'of the Danube; all the provinces, from the Bosphorus to the Julian Alps, were then by turns'a prey to these horrible invasions; and even after the dissolution of the mo- narchy of the Huns, the Lombards and the Gepidz, who replaced them, ren dered this portion of the empire equally unquiet. Such was the situation of affairs when Justinian I, assumed the reins of govern= ment; and the reign ‘of this emperor, proved_a fantastical mixture of the most brilliant success, and the most humilia- tiny defeats. een by. new nations (A.D. 454,) to retire to the borders of the Evxine Sea and the Palus’ ‘Maotis;. the: Qstrogoths; ppss sessed Pannonia (Upper Hungary) 3 and the, Gepida, and the Dacians,. the country to the west (Transylyania),, At lengthy, about the year 489, the Gepidae possessed | themselves.of botb countries; whence they were however chaced, A.D, 565, by, the Lombarcs,, who, in their The Huns had been forced . Retrospect of French Literature—History. their turn, were forced to yield'them up ta the Avars. After the Goths and the Huns, the Slavi, a nation entirely diffe. rent from both Goths and Germans, ‘en- tered the country and occupied a portion of it, from Dacia to the Tanais; these werecalledSarmatians by the Romans, who distinguished three nations among them: 1. The Vanedi, who dwelt beyond the Carpathian mountains, and extended themselves towards the Baltic sea. 2. The Slaveni, who occupied the cauntry from the frontiers of Styria and Carinthia; to the Dneister and the Da- nube, and on.the northern side, as far as the Vistula, And 8. The Antes, who resided nearer the Euxine sea, and who lived after the manner of Nomades, or wandering tribes, These two latter:nations were: accus- tomed almost annually to make irrup- tions into the provinces appertaining to Justinian. ‘The Bulgarians occupied all the coun- try situate between the Caspian and the Black Sea; these also comprehended three nations. 1. The Urogues. 2. The Onogures, or Ungares. And 3. The Sarugures. The last of these were annihilated by the Persians; but the two first, being pushed forward by the Avars, advanced towards Europe and the Danube, and menaced the Greek empire. There is no portion of history more complicated than the migration of all these barbarous nations. It is frequently imipossible to point out, with any degree of- certainty, whence they issued, what order of march they pursued, and where they fixed their habitations; The ac- counts ‘of the ancient historians, and mere’ especially the Byzantine writers, so’ far from clearing up these facts, only embarrass them the more, because they confound ‘the whole, and often deceive themselves respecting both the origin and the power of those tribes, sometimes joining those’ whom they ought ts sepa- rate, and, on the contrary, not unfres quently separating those who ought to have been united. It is only within the last fifty years, that clearer notions have béen entertained respecting «his impor- tant branch of history. An «incredible number of forts had been constructed along the-right bank of the Danube, all the way from Singida-- num (near to where Belgrade now stands,) to the Euxine sea, for the ex- préss purpose of arresting the incursions ofthe nauons alludedto above, Allthe- HeLe a, TS 673 maritime coast, from the mouth of the: Danube to the Bosphoms of Thrace, ‘to- gether with the internal parts of Meesia, Thrace, Macedonia, Thessaly, and the other provinces, were furnished with them.’ One hundred and thirty-two legions were distributed, partly in the: heart of the country, and partly on the frontiers; and yet, notwithstanding such formidable. preparations, there never elapsed a single year in. whicly those same territories, although thus defended: by so many forts, and such a number of’ legions, were not devastated by the bars* barians. The truth is, that those were» no longer ‘the legions with which Rome? had’ conquered the world; they were» cowardly, effeminate, addicted toluxary, » and composed chiefly of foreigners, who, : so far from defending the empire, fre.” quently combined with its enemies, and participated in the booty acquired by» them. ‘The number of soldiers of which’ each ‘legion had been composed, was! now reduced to one quarter, a-cireums: stance which greatly diminished both their confidence and courage. In order: to form a just idea of the state of degrae dation into which the armies of Rome had relapsed, it is only necessary to read the introduction to the flistory of Charles+ V. by Professor Robertson. : But the legions were not only reduced, : they were also divided in the following» manner: 1, Into those: destined to guard the» person of the emperor. And 2. Those employed in defending’ the: frontiers. The former of these enjoyed all) the advantages resulting’ from the sere vice, without experiencing any of the» dangers; they were» rarely employed in) war, and passed their time in’ idlenesss © The latter, on the contrary, were exposed» to all the fatigues of the service, in addi-» tion to which they were badly paid, ander consequently . becoming discontented, » were but little disposed to sacrifice them- selves for the defence of the empiress ‘Favour alone, presided at the distribus + tion of récompences and distinctions;, merit was not considered as ‘any things» The infantry, in.which had consisted the strength of the armies of the commons | wealth, was now despised ; and after thes manner of barbarians; they no» longer» esteemed any other troops but cavalrys ) The foreign foe experienced little or no resistance’;, and! Belisarius: and) Narses were indebted for their success chiefly to their own valour and their genius. “The picture: of ‘the calamities expes: ; rienced 676 rienced by the Greek empire, during the Jong reign. of Justinian, was truly fright- ful. Nearly all the provinces became depopulated, and Tialy atone was re- duced to Jess than one quarter of her in- habitants. Even Constantinople herself, although the head of the empire, -was menaced with a siege by the Bulgarians ; but she was saved from this imminent danger by her fortunate position op one hand, and the strength of her fortifica- tions on the other. . If one were disposed to make a comparison between the local situation of ancient and new Rome, it would be greatly in favour of the latter. Rome seemed destined only to be the capital of Italy, but the moment that the empire extended-beyond Italy, its situa- tion presented great disadvantages. The communication hetween the capital and the provinces always experienced great difficulties and delays; in addition to which, it might have been easily in- terrupted in time of war. An invasion - of Italy, and the siege of Rome, menaced the empire with destruction, although the provinces might remain untouched ; in addition to this, Rome was defended with difficulty, and had been frequently lost and retaken in the course of the same war. The last of the emperors had already experienced all the inconve- niences incident to its position, and they accordingly preferred to take up their residence at Milan or Ravenna.. Con- stantinople, ou the contrary, united all the advantages incident to. the most fa- vourable position, for being built on the borders of the Bosphorus, it was capable of keeping up a communication with ali parts of the ancient world. The north and the south, the east and the west, possessed an equal facility of access; it seemed expressly created by nature to govern both Europe and Asia: accor- dingly, in the course of a few years, it was found to equal Rome, both in point of extent and magnificence. -During the middle ages, such Euro- peans as possessed any degree of curio- sity, repaired to Byzantium, for the ex- press purpose of admiring its’ magnifi- cence; and perhaps the pleasure of be- holding that superb city, weighed not a little with those who determined to make a pilgrimage to the Holy Land. The existence of the empire was so essen- tially connected with that of the capital, that this perhaps was the chief cause why it supported itself during a thousand ears after the fall of the western world, i short, during the period just alluded to, the whole ewpire was confined to the : Retrospect of French Literature—History. capital, and the former could never be - said to be subdued unuil the latter had been captured. Constantine, Theodo- sius the Younger, Justinian, Heraclius, had all augmented tle fortifications to- wards the sea, while the harbour itself was defended by an iron chain. The extremity of the Chiersonese, on which Constantinople was built, had been de- fended by means of a wall, built under the inspection of the Emperor Anasta- sius. The Bulgarians, who towards the end of the reign of Justinian, crossed the Danube, were arrested in their progress by these fortifications alone. The sol~ diery had wholly degenerated, and. the emperor’s guards were chiefly composed of cowards. It was. with ditficulty that Belisarius) could assemble the appear- ance of an army, to confront the enemy, and he beat them by +his able ma- neuvres alone; but having fallen into disgrace he was unable to derive any ade vantage from the victory, while Justi= nian, although conqueror, submitted to- the custom, equally dangerous and shameful, of purchasing the safety. of his provinces, by means of money. “Lettre sur Armenie, &¢.—A letter relative to Armenia, Armenian literature, &e. &e, &c. by Farner Vitta-For, of Alexandria, a Missionary in Armenia, Asia was formerly prodactive of great men, memorable events, celebrated wars, and wonderful: revolutions: the arts and _ sciences shone there with astonishing splendour, while Rome and Greece were not as yet in existence, In the inter esting history of that happy climate, we discover the origin of nations, the foun- dations of the primitive cities, the esta- blishment of monarchical government, the causes of the first wars, aud the first conquests. Of all the eastern countries, the history of Armenia may be justly re- garded as one of the most curious in the universe. No people ever experienced such frequent revolutions, no region was ever the theatre of so many tragical scenes; of wars so memorable, or of events so extraordinary. That country seemed to be the rendezvous whither all the great captains of antiquity repaired, in. order to obtain palms, representative of their glory. Cyrus, Semiramis, Ti- granes, Arsaces, Alexander, Mithridates, Sylia, Lucullus, Murena, Gabinius, Gassius, Pompey, Mark Antony, Casar, and. many other heroes, have — illus-- trated that region of the world by their grand exploits, This land of happiness, this second Eden, was destined to be fox some time the scene of glory; and it . seemed Retrospect of French Literature—Histery. seemed as if nature had not favoured this country with a happy position, a mild climate, and a fertile soil, but for the express purpose of attracting the at- tention of great conquerors, and serving as an arena, in which the most gigantic powers were to contend with each other. Not only does the history of Armenia instruct us concerning its own annals, but it also throws great light on the po- litical and military events, the civil and religious institutions, as well as the chro- nology, the geography, and the revolu- tions, of all the ancient nations of the East, from Cappadocia to the borders of the Caspian sea, and the Persian gilf. Armenia constantly kept up a connexion with the Assyrians, the Persians, the Parthians, the Scythians, and the Tar- tars. She always took either an active, or an indirect part, in all their great events, whether civil, military, or reli- gious. After their conversion to Chris- tianity, the Armenians translated into ~ their own language, the Greek, Hebrew, Syrian, and Chaldean, works,’ which either directly or indirectly concerned the Christian religion. Far from follow- ing the instigations of a blind fanaticism, which aims at only having partisans, or victims, “the Aimenians demonstrated that their piety was more enlightehed than that of other nations of the East, who had embraced the same faith. Ac- cordingly, while Greece, Egypt, and Syria, prohibited and burnt the books of the Pagans, Armenia, on the contrary, successfully cultiyated literature, re- ceived into its bosom learned men of all religions, and encouraged versions of all their best books. This nation appeared more eager than ever to cultivate its taste for letters, and a great number of authors translated into its language, such as Homer in hexameter verse, Eusebius more complete than our edition in Greek and Latin; a Histery of the oman emperors, togethér with many other pre- cious writings in history, philosophy, me- dicine, astronomy, morals, and poetry, are proofs of this assertion. Perhaps among them we shall yet find many of those glorious monuments, the loss of which excites so much regret; and be it remembered, that there is no people, from the most western part of Asia to the Red Sea, who have produced so many eminent writers. It is true, that the Greeks of the Lower Empire, the Ara- bians, and the Persians, have also. pos- sessed a preat number of historians and geographers: but they are not on one Bond famous for their exactness, while on ~Monrury Mac, No, 215. 7? the other they have forgotten to enumerate many of the facts, we are so desirous of* becoming acquainted with. The Per- sians, more especially, on embracing the Mussulman faith, effected a revolution in their historical acquisitions; Greece and Palestine had already disfigured many ancient facts; while Arabia, so newly relinquishing the barbarous state into which it had been plunged, adopted indiscriminately the opinions of the Jews and Christians, out of which it cemposed a collection of allegories. Persia too, on disavowing its ancient opinions, com- posed a new historical code, equally ri- diculous and undigested: in fine, all these recently converted nations, finished by filling the pages of antiquity with those fictions produced by religious zeal. In order to judge of the importance of, and advantages which may be drawn from, the authors and literary records of Armenia, we have only to refer to the testimony of the learned, and respect~ able Abbé de Villefroi, who composed the Notice relative to the manuscripts in the royal library: “ The Armenian Ma- nuscripts,” says he, “present a new world of literature, into which no Euro- pean has as yet penetrated in such a manner, as to develope its riches to the eyes of the public. One will doubtless be agreeably surprised to know, that if there be any nation in the East, worthy of being known, it is the Armenian, Some will perhaps be astonished to learn, that Armenia was the most cele- brated school of literature in all Asia, during more than one thousand years: that is to say, from the year of Christ - 440, to the capture of Constantinople in 1455. I am bold enough to assert that there are centuries, such as the 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th, and 13th, when Ar- menia might have given lessons to a great portion of the earth; and that, du- ring thé whole of this time, it appearect to possess men celebrated in every spe- cies of erudition—poets, orators, philo- sophers, historians, astronomers, together with able translators, conversant in the Hebrew, Chaldean, Syrian, Arabian, Persian, Albanian, Greek, and Roman, languages. Their learned men, of course, produced versions of all that ap- peared curious in these tongues; and no sooner shall Armenia be fully discovered, than the gates of the East will be opened, and we shall behold a variety of wealth, which we dared not hitherto to hope for. Cardinal Richelieu would doubtless have been eager to do honour to his own administration, as well as to the 43 reige 678 reign of his sovereizn, by so fortunate an event: this great genius was well aware, that the surest mode of immortalizing the ames of kings, was the illustratiun of their reigns by means of important dis- coyeries in the republic of letters. But Trovidence, which chouses at different tmes to place different precious stones in thediademis of sovereigns, had reserved this oriental brilliant for the crown of Louis XV. It was pleased to allow a few seesls of the Armenian language to be scattered in France, during the:ad- ministration of one Cardinal, but reserved the entire conquest of Armenia for an- other: for the pen has its conquests as well as the sword, with this difference however, (very glorious indeed for the Sciences,) that their acquisitions are of eternal duration ; while those effected by arms, vary with times and seasons, and are restored, or withheld, by accident or caprice.” Armenia indeed, never did make any Higantic acquisitions in respect to the sciences; but let it be recollected, that their progress was always greater than what might be expected, either from the genius or the age, or her own political situation. She always possessed writers who were famous for every species of Jearning; and it is a remarkable fact, re- $pecting the nation in general, that it constantly exhibited the difficult art of allying modesty to science. None of the writers of this country ever affected to distinguish themselves by dangerous opi- nions; they never professed any but such as were useful to good morals, and the social order; they never were ambitious of any other glory than that of enlight- ening the mind, of forming the heart, and of conferring happiness on mankind. Neither the violence of political convul- sions, nor a long series of ills, could ever obliterate among the Armenians an ar- dent love for the sciences, commerce, and the arts. Asa proof how desirous this nation ever has been to propagate Instruction, notwithstanding the immense distance of its situation, it was one of the first to intreduce the art of printing. Scarcely had a century elapsed, after this invention, when at Constantinople, at Ispahan, in the Crimea, in Holland, in.the Indies, at Venice, at Trieste, and other places, Armenian printing-houses were introduced in succession. Of what important discovery can the Greeks and: Roniaus boast that they were the first jnventors?. What sciences and arts did they possess, which were unknown in the Retrospect of French Literature—History. East? No, the Romans especially cans not affect any superiority over Asia, but what proceeded from the fortuge of their arms. It is on account of the celebrity of the oriental nations, that they were jealous of them, and that, the more ef= fectually to humble the vanquished, they have placed truth herself in fetters, and rendered her the slave of their pride. There is no species of glory which these two European nations have not endea- voured to usurp; and it is now high time to avenge a people outraged in respect to their honour, their glory, and their greatmen. To do this with effect, it is necessary that the means of rendering them intelligible to Europeans should be facilitated, and we shall soon have the pleasure of hearing the natives of the East pleading their own cause before us. It is natural that every one should be best acquainted with his own affairs; and we shall no longer run to Greece or to Italy, to learn the history of Ar- menia: it is from oriental literary mos numents, we shall henceforth learn the records of the east! Several learned Frenchmen, Englishmen, and Dutchmen, bad ali conceived the design of compo. sing a new Armenian Dictionary, but were prevented by death, except Father J. B. de Toxica, who was occupied during eighteen years in Armenia itself, in the execution of this difficult achieves ment. He had already completed a large portion of his work, when he was obliged by infirmity to resign ltis task to Father Villa-For, of Alexandria, who employed thirty years in com- pleting it, which was at length effected at Paris, by the aid of the society for oriental languages. It contains all the simple and compound words, as also all the proper names of ancient history, with a summary of the lives of the doctors, kings, princes, and grandees, of Armenia; the appellations of rivers, of mountains, of animals, plants, fruits, herbs, flowers, precious stones, &e, &c. _ In short, the interpretation of each word is extracted from the best authors, and their authos rity is cited for every article; and that this work may prove useful to all the nations which are connected with Are menia, it has been translated into Ita- lian, Latin, and French, which are the three most general languages. We have thus far followed the author; who by way of enhancing the merit of the work, coucludes by telling us, “that it has been examined by, and honoured with the approbation of, the learned saw | ee Retrospect of French Literature—Geography. wiety of the Propaganda, and has also obtained the approbation of M. Lourdet, professor-censor of Paris!” These, as- suredly, are no recommendations to an English reader; but the work itself abounds with curious historical details, and we trust that this sketch of it will not be deemed unacceptable. GEOGRAPHY. “Coup d’oeil general et histor. sur Jes changemens geographiques,” &c. A general and historical survey of the geo- graphical changes, as well as of the pro- gress of the political and statistical sci- ences that occurred in 1808. By M. ‘Berruce. — The epoch during which we live, is so fertile in events, and has produced so Many singular and important changes, that the Germans already begin to com- ‘pose books, for the express purpose of registering the occurrences. M. Ber- tuch, in his “ Geographical Epheme- rides,” has been at infinite pains to fol- _dow the career of Buonaparte, and point out, with his pen, those striking alter- ations which the other has accomplished with the sword. « The summer of 1808,”’ we are told, £© put an end to the continental war, and to the grandeur of a kingdom which had formerly become respeciable, in conse- guence of the personal talents of Fre- derick II, ‘his stare has been preci- pitated, as if by enchantment, from its former elevation, while two new mo- narchies have been erected in the centre of Europe, This, and’all the great events of the year 1808, are connected with the ‘grand project of the aggrandisement of France on the continent, and the entire expulsion of the English from that por- tion of the globe. The events of Italy were but of little importance, The hounds set to the secular power of the Pope, the disappearance of Etruria from the catalogue of states, and the change of the sovereign of the two Sicilies, which would at any other time have set all Europe in flames, scarcely attracted pub- Jic attention for a single moment. The King of Sweden had determined to con- tend with, unequal forces, but all his efforts proved unable to save Finland. Byzantium has become the theatre of the anost bloody scenes, and has changed its sovereigns twice; Servia is absolutely separated from the Porte, and there are -but a very few Pachas who now obey the vworders of that court. Mean while, the eyes of the world are fixed on the great events now occurring in the west—on .679 the terrible contest between the ocean and the continent; but as the war on.the part of the two great rival powers of France and Britain is nat yet concluded, we cannot either ascertain, or narrate the result. Ag “ Every revolving year produces an augs mentation of knowledge, both in respect to countries and nations. The harvest in this point of view has been eminently abundant, in the course of the !ast twelve months: for during this period, we have obtained not only vall the intelligence produced by the travels of Messrs. Hum- boldt and Bonpland, in South America, but much information also from the voy= age of M. Peron, in the South Sea. M. Robin has, at the same tiime, made us better acquainted with the internal parts of Louisiana, and Florida; while Father Paulin de Saint Barthelemi, and M. Sonini, have given us additional infor- mation relative to the East Indies. We still, however, impatiently expect the de- taiis of the Voyage of M. Krusenstern round the Worid, From time to time, we receive news of M. Setzen, the Ger- man traveller, who is at present in Ara- bia. M. Haenk!l, a Bohemian, who sailed round the world with Malaspina, now resides in South America, and is busied in a narrative of the particulars. The Chevalier de Hoeglmiiller has been ~ prevented, by the wars there, from under- taking the journey projected by him to the East. “Tn the mean time, geography and to~ pography have been enriched in Ger- many, by the works of M, Biisching, con- tinued by Messrs. Ebeling and Ribs, the Manuals of M. Liechtenstern and Stein, the General Geography of M. Stein, and of M, Schutz, together with the Physical Geography of M. Kant. Among the French works, the most remarkable in this point of view, are the “Cours Comes plet de Topographie,” by M. A. Moitie ; and the “ Ephemerides Geographiques Generales.” Statistical’ literature has been enriched by two theories, the one by M. Niemann, and the other by’M, Butte. ‘La Literature de la Statis- tique,” by M. Meusel, was finished during the preceding year; and the “Tables Statistiques” of M. Hassel, were com- pleted towards the “conclusion of the present. ‘The statistical science was in- vented in our own time, and has made a most rapid progress towards improve- ment, Any one may easily convince himself of this fact, by comparing the tables published by M. Randel, in 1794, wise 650 with those presented by M. Hassel, in 1808 + it will thence be perceived, with what rapidity it has acquired utility and reputation during a period of less than .thirty years, EUROPE. “¢ No work concerning Europe in gene- ttal has been published within the period alluded to, except “La Table Géogra- phique, & Statistique,” which appeared -@t Berlin, and ‘ Les Coups d’Oil Sta- tistiques sur tous les états de l’Europe,” by Liechtenstern, The geographical In- stitute is in arrear, In respect to the work entitled: “|’Europe d’apres ses change- mens __ politico-geographiques.” The .** Annales Européennes,” formerly edited ~by M. Posselt, are still continued, and the “ Journal Politique de Hambourg,” proves very interesting to its readers. 1, THE FRENCH EMPIRE. ‘© France :has attained,” we are told, “the height of power and of glory, by the extraordinary genius of a_ single man. The peace of Tilsit annihilated a formidable coalition, and_ restored tranquillity to the continent, at least so far as concerned France. Napoleon, leaving his armies on a foreign terri- tory, for the purpose of ensuring its safety, has returned to his own empire, .and his return has been followed by many changes, all more or less import- ant fur the purposes of administration ; and all connected with the principle of that unity, so necessary for the safety,of the state, and of the throne. The tri- bunate has been abolished; the number of the members of the senate has been augmented; a general government has been established beyond the Alps; here- ditary titles and fiefs have been instituted, ‘while a variety of great offices have been ereated for the purpose of augmenting - the glory of the throne. At the same time, both colleges and the sciences have obtained a central point by the founda- tion of the Imperial University; the cri- minal code has been moulded anew; a legislation of commerce has been esta- blished, and the civil administration of justice has been meliorated? The em- kellishments commenced in the capital, and in the interior of the empire, have been continued with activity; the trea- sures of art acquired by conquest in fo- reign countries, have been transplanted to the borders of the Seine; new canals have been created for the purpose of in- ternal communication; old ones have been restored; while highways, which Retrospect of French Literature—Geography. of France, excluded from ail the ports , display great genius, have been formed in various directions. ) “The empire has been enlarged by the incorporation of the towns of Wesel, Cassel, Kehl, and Flushing; these, which are but of little importance in themselves, had. been. lung under the influence of France, but they are useful for the de- fence of the Confederation of the Rhine, so strictly allied to the empire; and also of Holland, now (1808) governed by a prince of the dynasty of Napoleon. The occupation of Etruria and Parma pre- sents a more brilliant accession; but those countries have been for many years regulated by France, and nothing was wanting but a formal union, France has been thus augmented by the addition of a surface of 458 square leagues, a po- pulation of 1,850,000 men, and arevenue of direct imposts, to the amount of 4,900,000 franks. These-two provinces form four departments, viz. those ef the Taro, the Arno, the Mediterranean Sea, and that of Ombrona; so that the nums ber of departments is now augmented to 114; and that of deputies to the legisla- tive body, to $342. The 115th depart- ment was established in the interior of the empire, at the end of 1808; this is the department of the Taro and the Garonne, which is divided into three arrondissemens. Montauban is the chief town, whiclr has at the same time heen admitted into the number of those, the mayors of which are entitled to assist at the coronation of the emperor, In shorr, this immense empire, at the end of the year 1808, comprehended a sur- face of 16,784485 of square leagues, with a population of 39,347,397 inhabitants, (consequently 2,344 individuals for every square mile) who are contained in 2,294 cities, and 104,000 towns or villages. This extent and population, are distri« buted as follows: 1. The empire, Square miles, Inhabitants. properlysocalled > 12,277+¢45 37,842,567 comprehends 2. The depen- acl principa- 653% 218,430 ities - 8. The colonies - 4,441;44, 1,286,400 “ The revenues amount to 720 millions of franks; the army te 569,930 men; the fleet to 40 ships of the line and 30 fri- gates. ”s “The maritime war still continues; England has been separated from the con- tinent, and in consequence of the efforts . of Retrospect of French Literature—Geography. ‘ef Europe. A French army has marched : towards Lisbon, while the Prince Regent, with his treasures and his fleet, has gone in search ofa new kingdom. The King -of Spain has ceded his rights to the Em- » peror Napoleon, who has conveyed them to his brother Joseph, King of Naples; assigning the throne of the Two Sicilies to his brother-in-law Joachim, Grand Duke of Berg, who has resigned his possessions in Germany to the emperor. One. por- tion of the Spanish nation, with a view -of opposing those arrangements, has com- menced a civil war inthe Peninsula; the English, who are their allies; have re- occupied Portugal, and the French in their turn have advanced against both.” II. THE KINGDOM OF ITALY. : “ Several decrees for the internal admi- nistration of this portion of the French empire have been enacted ; a consulta- tive senate hath assumed the place of the legislative section in the council of state; the order of the iron crown has been augmented; the city of Venice has obtained great privileges; a treaty of commerce has been concluded with Bavaria; an exchange has been founded ‘at Milan; and the whole of the internal administration has been assimilated as nearly as possible, with that of France. The States of the Church, viz. Urbino, Ancona, Macerata, and Camerino, have all been united to the kingdom of Ttaly. . Since the 11th of May, 1808, these provinces form three additional departments,, viz. those of Metauro, Tronto,, and Musone: these. accessions have encreased the departments of the kingdom to twenty four, exclusive of Dalmatia. The number of towns of the first order, amounts to 126; the towns of the second order, to 272; the villages are 7,500, and the hearths 980,000. The revenues of the state are nearly 122 mil- lions of livres, while the expenses in 1807 were .calculated at 114,230,000 livres. The army consists of 30,000 men. Iu. THE KINGDOM OF NAPLES. * By conferring this portion of Italy, first on the brother, and next on the brother-in-law, of Napoleon, it was the intention of the government to regenerate a state almost annihilated, and toawaken a degree of energy among the people, which has hitherto been vainly sought for within the walls of Naples. The only _recent publication of any value that has Jately appeared bere, is entitled ‘ Ta- bleaux de Naples,” and “ les Lettres sur 1’ Italie.” 681 IV. THE OTHER ITALIAN STATES. “ During the course of this year, the States of the Church have experienced a great revolution; the secular power of the pope has been confined to a very limited extent of territory in the vicinity of Rome; the March of Ancona, together with Urbino, Camerinu, avd Macerata, having all been re-united to the kingdom of Italy. In 1792, the holy father, withe out reckoning considerable possessions” in Italy, possessed the Counties d’Avig- non and Venaissin, together with -the duchy of Benevento, and Pontecorro, which constituted an extent of 360 square leagues, with 2,100,000 inha- bitants; but at the present moment he only retains Rome, with the Campagna, and the legations of Viterbo, Spoleto, and Perugia, comprehending 310 square leagues; together with 620,000 inha- bitants.* Sicily and Sardinia, still obey their former masters; the Lonian isles are occupied by the French; Malta is in- corporated with Great Britain; and as to Lucea and Piombino,they present nothing remarkable. , V. SWITZERLAND, THE PAYS DE VAUDy AND NEUFCHATEL, : ‘ These three states have not experz- enced any political change, during this year; the first of them, however, has been subjected to considerable internal trou. bles, and become also the theatre of some of the grand catastrophes of nature, Among the works which make mention ef this country, we have distinguished the following: , 1. «L’Almanach Helvetienne,’ which ~ contains excellent materials for the geo- graphy and staustics of that country. 2. ‘Alpina,’ ‘a work calculated. to make the Alps better known. hie 3. * Descriptions de queiques parties de la Suisse, on la Catastrophe de la Vallée de Goldau.’ And 4. ‘Mont Rigi,’ nature. VI. CONFEDERATION OF THE RHINE. “ This confederation, whicly has assum-=- ed the place of the “ ancient union” of the German nations, and which is under the immediate protection of France, at pre- sent contains the whole of ancient Ger- many, with an exception of the pro- vinces of Austria, Prussia, and Denmark, together with such states as may have Pei 2D ue ee * These territories have been since seized upon by the French, and His Holiness him= self has been conducted tnto the dominions ef Bonaparte. Ld. sketched rpm — been 682 been incorporated with France and Hol- Iand. During the course of 1808, the Dokes of Mecklenburg Schwerin and Mecklenburg Strelitz, have been ad- mitted into it. It is therefore composed, at the present moment, of the following sovereigns, one part of whom form the Royal College, and another the College of Princes. I. To the Royat Correce belong, The Prince Primate, whose possessions consist of the princi- pality of Aschaffenburg, the principality ef Ratisbon, the county of Weylar, the * city and territory of Franefort, together with the possessions of the Orders of the Empire: these contain 38 square leagues, and 174,736 inhabitants. The King of Bavaria possesses the circle of the Mein, Pegnitz, Naab, Rezat, Altmiihl, the Upper Da- nube, the Lech, &c. having in all an ex- tent of country, amounting to 1,636 square miles, and 3,231,570 inthabitants. The Dominions of the King of Saxony. . “The kingdom of this monarch consists ef two different states, governed accor- ding to two different prisciples: that of Saxony prover, and the Grand-duchy of Warsaw. 1. The Kingdom of. Saxony contains, the circles of Wittenberg, Thu- ringia, the remnant of the county of Mansfeld, with the county of Stolberg, ‘and the circles of the Misnia, Leipsick, and country of Wurzen, as also the Erz- pcbirg, with the sovereignties of Schaen- borg, the circles of .Voigtland and Neustadt, the Bishoprics of Naumburg Zeits, and Merseburg, the principality of Querfurt, the Saxon part of Henne- berg, Upper and Lower Lusatia, and the circle of Coibus. In square leagues the amount is 750, in inhabitants 2,106,294, principal towns 264, second order of towns $3, villages 5,976. The army consists of 50,097 men.. 2. The Grand. duchy of Warsaw contains the depart- ments of Warsaw, Kalisch, Pozen, Bromberg, Plock, Bialzstok, with the New Selesia. In square leagues the amount is 151, the number of inhabi- tants 2,177.000, the chicf towns are 887, the boroughs 27, and the villages 15,847. Lhe Dominions of the King of Westphalia. “ This new kingdom, erected on the ’ ruins of ancient states, has by degrees adapted itself to the constitution which has been conferred on it. The revenues are estimated at $7,575,000 franks, the ‘mold. Retrospect of French Literature—Geography. interest_of the public debt at 4,500,008 franks, the civil list at 5,000,000, and the war department at 13,000,000. The amount of the public debt, in 1809, was 112,667,750 franks, and the army at pre= sent consists of 14,048 men. The Dominions of the King of Wirtemberg. “ This kingdom, which is also a new one, is divided into the twelve following circles: Stutgard, Louisburg, Heilbronn, Abringen, Caliv, Rothenburg, Roth- weil, Urach, Ehingen, Altdorf, Schorn- dorf, and Elwangen. The extent in square miles is $29, and the number of inhabitants 1,181,372.. The Grand Duchy of Baden. “ The provinces are three in number, viz. those. of the Upper, Middle, and Lower Rhine; the amount in square miles is 275, and the number of inhabi- tants 922.649. The revenues amourt to 2,953,986 German florins, and the public debt to 18,000,000 florins. The Grand Duchy of Berg and Cleves consists of the dominions of the houses of Orange and of Brandenburg, and is composed of Munster, Mark, Lingen, Tecklenburg, and Dortmund, $314 square leagues in point of extent, and 930,494 inhabitants. This territory was originally carved out by the sword of Bonaparte, for his brother-in-law. Joa- chim, now called King of Naples. The Grand Duke of Hesse possesses the principalities of Starcken- burg and Upper Hesse, together with the Duchy of Westphalia: the extent in square leagues 200, and the amount of inhabitants 538,256. The College of Princes is composed of the three following an- cient members: 1. The Duke D’Arem. berg; and 2. and $8. the Princes of Liechtenstern and Leyen. The new ones are: 4. The Duke of Saxe Wei- - mar. 5. The Duke of Saxe Gotha. 6, The Duke of Saxe Meinengen. 7%. The Duke of Saxe Coburg. 8 The Duke of Saxe Hildburghausen. 9, The Duke of Mecklenburg Schwerin. 10. The Duke of Mecklenburg Strelitz. 141. The Duke of Oldenburg. 12. The Duke of Anhalt-Dessau. 13. The Duke of Anhalt-Bernburg. 14. The Duke of Anhalt-Koethen. 15. ‘The Prince of Schwarzburg Rudolstadt. 16. The Prince of Waldeck. 17. The Prince of Reuss. 18. The Prince of Lippe Det- And 19. The Prince of Lippe Schaumbarg, aye The Retrospect of. French Literature—Miscellaniess < The grand total of the Confederation of the Rhine is as follows; Number of confederates. 39 Extent in square leagues - 7,185 Number of inhabitants - 15,485,031 Amount of revenues in 4 German florins - 85,041,851 Contingent - - - 118,950 Certain provinces appertaining to Ha- nover were not at this period disposed of, viz. Kalenburg, Luneburg, Lauen- burg, Bremen, Verdun, Hadeln, Hoya, and Diepholz. The fate of the four Hans Towns too, comprehending an ex- tent of 38 square-leagues, with a popula- tion amounting to 298,000 inhabitants, and a revenue of 5,660,000 florins, was then unknown; their names are, Ham- burgh, Bremen, Lubeck, and Dantzic. Bonaparte had also at his disposal the Prussian. provinces of Erfurt, Blanken- hay, and Bayreuth; the Hessian pro- vinces of Hanau and Niederkatzenellen- bogen, the principality of Fulda, for- merly appertaining to the House of Orange, and Swedish Pomerania! These territories amounted in square leagues to 662,25, in number of inhabitants to 17,005,098, with a revenue in German florins of 93,701,851. We formerly presented our readers with a table of the extent, revenues, and population, of certain of the German states, but the present account is far more explicit and complete. MISCELLANIES. “Description des Medailles,” &c.—A Description of Greek and Roman Me- dals, belonging to the late M. Benkowitz, by the Anse Don. Sesrint, Berlin, 4to, —The Greek and Roman medals, men- tioned here, formerly constituted part of the Farnesian Museum, from which they appear to have been pillaged. A Sile. sian, during his travels in Italy, obtained, ahd carried them into his native country, with a view of selling them to some public institution, but being unacquainted with the value, he demanded such an enor- mous price that no une would purchase. _ His death gave rise to a law-suit between his creditors and bis heirs, at the conclu- sion of which the medals in question were all sold by auction, M. Sestini having been employed to forma cata- ~ Jogue of twelve hundred and fifty of them, found that many of these had for- qerly constituted the pride as well as the delight of Cardinal Noris, Vaillant, Morell, Hardouin, and Bandouri. Ses- tini has caused seventeen of the Greek 6383- medals to be engraved, as they appeared. to him to be eminently worthy of atten-, tion, and among others we find those of the colony of Corinth, struck during tie reign of Marcus Aurelius, on which are impressed the grand altar of Melicesta, and the emblems of the Isthmian games.- Here also is to be found the enecdoticag. medal of Antoninus Pius, struck at Neoclaudiopolis, in Paphlagonia, which, bears the date of 191, and thus esta. blishes that of a second epoch, in imita- tion of the other cities of the same pros vince,. In addition to this we are pre= sented with a medal of Commodussg, struck at Nicea, in Bithynia, hitherto published with a false legend ; another of Julia Augusta, struck at Cyzica, in My- sia; one of Diadumenian, struck at Ephesus, which bears the image and the name of the philosopher Heraclitus, ori-. ginally of that city, &c. Among the medals of Heliogabalus, belonging to the colony of Sidon, M. Sestini has disco- vered a new type or figure, that emperor, beiag there represented under the attri- butes of a priest of Astarte. Zoega pres tended that it was_a Triptolemus, Among the consular medals, about se- venty in number, one only in the least remarkable has been found, impressed with the letters Q. L. C. which the edi- tor explains to be Quintus-Lutatius-Cer- co. The Roman medals of the Higher Empire are nearly all of the middle bronze, and for the most part in excel- lent preservation, Sestini has distin- guished a very precious one of a much venerated general, bearing the same in- scription as another struck in honour of Augustus: ‘f CONSENSU SENAT. ET EQ, ORDIN. P, Q. R ; which proves that by the unanimous consent of the senate, the Equestrian order, and the people, a stae tue bad been erected in honour of Aus gustus, and that Caligula had decreed the same mark of respect to Germa- nicus. ‘¢ Dissertation sur le Dialecte de Pina dare,” &c.—A Dissertation on the Dia lect of Pindar, by Georrery Hermann, —The author of this pamphlet conibats’ the opinion of M, Sturz, who pretends that the dialect of Pindar is the Doric or iRolic, which greatly resembles the priz mitiye Greek, He on the other hand contends, that Pindar never wrote in any particular dialect but in the vulgar tongue ‘of his native country, which was com- posed of all the dialects, and he quotes numerous ¢xamples ia support of his are gument, « 684 Tt is not a little remarkable that this dissertation was written for the express purpose of serving as an inaugural essay to the degree of doctor in philosophy, at a German university ! “ Aux Eleves & Aux Amateurs de YArchitecture,” &c.—An Address to such Scholars and Amateurs as delight in Architecture, by the Anse UGGEREI, architect.—As some of the hints and observations contained in the address of this celebrated Italian, who was at once a priest and an architect, may prove ser- viceable in this country, we shall here subjoina few of them. ‘The Abbé begins by observing, that, if philosophy be the fambeau that conducts to the art of de- sign, architecture is still more indis- pensibly indebted to such alight. As this branch: of knowledge possesses an equal claim to the two honourable titles of art and science, so ought its produc- tions to have no other guide than reason. If after the restoration of the arts, mo- dern architects had not wandered from so excellent a guide, they would not have mistaken their own caprice for a rule; and we should not have seen the im- mense multitude of unreasonable works, which occasion equal surprise to the well- informed spectator, both as to the possi- bility of the invention and the folly of the applause bestowed on productions equally vain, wild, and. insignificant. Notwithstanding this, the absurd and capricious style of architecture, here alluded to, had so seduced a great majo- rity of artists, that the philosophical opi- nions of Laugier and Tregier, in France, and the reiterated and sarcastical re- marks of Lodoli and Milizia, in Italy, were in. vain exerted, in order to bring them back to the paths of right reason, These mannerists, pleased with their own eapricios, refused to hear her, and it was not until towards the conclusion of the Jast century, that the propriety of their arguments began to be discovered. —* Milizia, it is true, was no -more than the echo of his predecessors, with this difference however, that he reproduced their ideas, with more order and greater method, and that with these he mingled some of his own natural causticity and eynicism, which made him be dreaded by other artists. At length, they not only avoided contradicting, but even listened to them with attention. This new man- ner of writing on architecture, produced a revolution in the art; for it was ac- companied with this advantage, that the scholars themselves began to argue on atid Retrospect of French Literature—Miscellanies. the subject, and at length felt how pres. - ferable the lessons of reason were, tq those of a master governed by prejudices, It was then that they endeavoured, for the first time, to trace the source of those” forms and proportions, so often hitherto” copied without being comprehended; denied by ignorance, and violated with. out remorse by innovation. It was then that they discovered in the divisions and’ the mouldings of the different orders, the principles whence they derived their origin; hence they perceived the neces- sity of applying these in such a manner, as to proportion the solidity and elegance of their edifices, to their quality and de- sign. In short, it was at length fairly’ avowed, that the Franciscan, Father . Lodoli, so justly denominated the Socrates of Architecture, had developed a prin- ciple replete with the most happy con. sequences in the two following bad Italian verses ; ‘ *¢ Debbonsi unire.e fabrica e ragione, E sia funzione la rapresentazione.”” ; Since this fortunate return to truth, architects have become the faithful dis- ciples of the philosophy of the ‘arts, by, not only conforming to these maxims themselves, but also in inspiring them, into their disciples. PS *“ And in order the more effectually to. fortify the minds of such young men as may devote themselves to architecture,” says our author, ‘the necessity of an elementary book has been intimated to me. It is with this view I have just published the result of my studies, and my toils, relative to the three Greek ore ders of architecture, while J have not been inattentive to those remains of Ro- man art, which are still to be met with in such profusion in Italy. Tt was on such monuments as these, that Palladio and Vignoles formed their style and composed their models, The works of these two celebrated authors ought to be constantly in the hands, or rather in the hearts, of young artists, that,’out of de- fereuce to, and in imitation of, them, they may contemplate and admire the antique, &c. thus perceive the real source of whatever is beautiful. The labours of such great masters, wiil enable them to select and to apply the principles of the ancients, to the edifices of their own age ; and accustom them at the same time, to — contemplate every thing .with their own eyes, without being blindly led by others, and thus becoming the slaves of exam- ple. In fine, as the advancement of the 3 arg ‘ Retrospect of French Literature—M iscellanies. att itself, is the sole end and aim of my labours, I shall conclude with remarking, that it is a great misfortune when an_ir- resistible bias towards novelty, produces an estrangement from true philosophy, which -can alone restrain any science within its just and proper limits.” “ Mithridate, ou Histoire de Science Generale des Langues,” &c. Mithri- dates, ora History of the General Science of Languages, with the Lord’s Prayer, in nearly five hundred different idioms. The author, J. C. ADELUNG; the editor, Doctor Jean Severin VaTER, professor in, and librarian to, the University of Halle. Berlin, 1 vol. in 8vo. Part II. A general-knowledge of languages is supposed to comprehend the examination of the origin and nature of all the known idioms, together with their classification, the history, and criticism, oftheir written characters, their lexicons, and their grammars. This science, which is cal- culated to throw great light on the annals of the human race, is nut to be found in any of our Encyclopedias, and has scarcely begun to be cultivated at all, in its collective capacity. Of the writers on the continent, Signor Ilewaz, a Spa- niard, was the first who obtained any laurels in this career, and he was pre- ceded by Count de Gebelin, who did not acquire any reputation on the occasion. After these followed the Germans, who have given a name to the study, (Al/ge- meine Sprachenkunde,) and possess what is termed a dinguistical journal. M. Adelung, in contemplation of the great benefits to bederived froin sucha source, ‘began his Mithridates; M. Vater has continued it, while M. de Murr has pub- lished the prospectus of a Library of Languages, which is eagerly looked for by the learned. The first volume of Adelang’s works treats of the languages of Asia, particu. Jaily the Chinese, to which he has de- dicated much time and attention. On his death, professor Vater, one of the most celebrated philologists of Europe, and already advantageously known by his excellent Arabian, Hebrew, and Russian, grammars, as well as by a manual of general giammar, and a German translation of the grammar of M. dilyestre de Lacy, and undertook the continuation, and has now published the second volume, which is consecrated to the languages of Europe. He tells us in his Preface, that he has strictly followed the plan, the method, and the ideas, of his predecessor, who had obtained a me= Montury Mac, No. 215, - 685 moir on the Sclavonic idiom, from the Abbé Dobrowsky; another on the Scla- vonic-Germanic idiom by the late M. Henning, and a third for the Hungarian, by professor Remi. s ‘In Asia, there are no fewer than one hundred and sixty languages, or principal dialects, while the present volume assigns only about fifty to all Europe, without. comprehending the Turkish, which is considered as an eastern tongue. These fifth idioms are all supposed to be sprung from six, viz. 1. The Baske. 2. The Celtic. 3. The German. 4. The Greek or Thracian. 5. The Sclavonian. . And 6. The Finnick. There are two languages, however, which the editor has been unable to class, viz. those of the Albanians and Epirots, the origin of which is not well known, As to the Hungarian, it is pronounced to be composed of the Finnick, Sclavo- nian, Tartar, Turkish, German, Woygoul, Wotiac, Tchouwasse, Ostiac, Permic, Sirjanic, Mordouanic, Tcheremisse, Per- ° sian, and Arabian, languages. Scaliger, in his ** Diatriba de Jinguis Europzeis,” reckons up eleven motlicr languages in — Europe, which are five more than Messrs. Adelung and Vater are here disposed to allow of; he however co .nts the Turkish as one, and also includes the Latin, Trish, and Erse, as so many others, which at present, the Latin is considered to be a branch of the Greek, and the Erse and Irish pass generally for remnants of the Celtic, more or less mixed, -All the six principal languages of Eu- rope, alluded to above, came succes. sively from Asia, with the various tribes who spoke them. The descendants of these, at this day, constitute the com. mon population of that portion of the world, and the fifty idioms are nothing more than the remains of the six original languages. All of these idioms possess common roots, which sometimes mani- fest those mixtures arising out of wars, conquests, alliances, different kinds of commerce, and sometimes the Asiatic origin of nations, who have once spoken, or do now speak, the idioms jn question, The first people known in Europe were the Iberians or Cantabrians, who established themselves iu the south of Gaul, in a portion of Italy, and partie cularly ina portion of ‘the two Spgins, The Basque, which is @ mixture of Latin 4T and bi - iin “i 636 ‘and German, contains the remains of the Iberian language. Immediately after the Iberians, appeared the Celts, a nation in all probability more numerous, which occupied the right bank of the Danube, the north of Italy, Gaul, the British Isles, and a portion of Spain, From their language have sprung the two Cel- tic dialects, still spoken at this very day, the first in Ireland, and the second in the snountains of Scotland. Adelung seizes this opportunity to give a catalogue of the real Celtic words, and dedicates nu fewer than thirty-eight pages. to his en- quiries into the originality of the poems of Ossian, which he pronounces to be very modern. He next treats of the Welch and Cornish tongues, and of the Bas-Bretun, which he considers as merely two dialects of the same language. These he does, not think, strictly speaking, to have been Celtic; they are, according to him, two remarkable remnants, of the Belgic, or Kimri, an idiom which he con- eiders asa mixture of the Celtic and Ger- man, surcharged with Latin. ext after the Celts} come the Ger. mans, more especially in the north of Europe; then, in the south, the Thra- cians, fathers of the Greeks; finally, in the east, and the north, the Slavi; these, together with the Fins, appear to have been. the last who arrived in that. portion of the world, where France and Russia are now the chief dominant powers. Of the German language, three principal dialects remain :—1. The teutonic,, sub- divided into the superior, interior, and middle, Out of the mixture of the three, the second.of which possesses five differ- ent branches, in the time of Lyther and his first disciples, arose a common idiom called High German, because tlie supe- rior or upper, dominates; this.is.doubt- less a rich idiom, but,not intirely fixed, althogzh very much cultivated in: the) . nierch of Kurgpe, and greatly. perfected during the latter snoiety. of the last cens tury. 2. The Germanic-Scandinavian, which has four branches, the Danish, the Nor- wegian, the Icelandic, and the Swedish. And. S, The Envlish, a prodigious mixture, in which the German predomi- nates, , “ Like the Celtic language,-the Thra- cian is also lost; but the remains of it are found in its illustrious daughters, the Greek.and Latin ; these are classical tongues, idioms of literal ideas, dialects of literature and Christianity,, languages which have. civilized. nations, and which: a OR i od é es “eo et Retrospect of French Literature —Miscellancous. will continue to be cultivated so long as the human. race shall be preserved from, barbarity and destruction.” Adelung shows, that the Thracian lan- guage prevailed both in Asia~-Minor and Europe, in the east and the south. He makes the ancient Greek and its various dialects, to. spring from it, aud finally the modern Greek of our own times. From the Greek and: a Celtic dialect, but chiefly from the .Greek alone, proeeeded the Latin; and from the Latin, whether pure or corrupted, proceeded the htalian,. the Spanish, and the Portuguese. ‘Phe French, according to. him,js:a mixture of the Celtic, German, &c. “ but has: lie- . come, by its elegance and clearness, by its celebrated. works in eloquence and poetry, as well as by its. original books in all sciences, still more than, by the mi- litary prowess, and superior policy of the nation, the universal language of modern Europe.” ; The eastern Sclavoni¢ produced: the: Russian, the Illyrian, the Croatian, &c. The Western Sclavonic has four branches, the Polish, Bohemian, Servian, and) Nor= thern Witidic. The Walachian ‘also comes from the Sclavonic, but is greatlye” mixed with bad Latin ; next comes the Finnick language, which is mother of the Findlandish, the Laponic, the Esthomian, and the Livonian. ‘These, with the Hun garian and the Albdaneses, are the idioms treated of inthe second volume of Mith- ridates, which is now in the press.. This is to’ contain researches into the languages of Africa as well as of America, and M, de Marr, of Wirtermburgh, and M. de Humboldt, have’ both furnished the con- tinuator with. their assistance upon this) occasion. MISCELLANEOUS. “ Europe en Petit.”—Europe in Mi- niature: being:a collection of medals of the middle ages, and appertaining to all’ parts of Europe; by the proprietor JEAN: Jeorrery Lrrstus, Gallery ot, Antiquities appertaining to his majesty the king of Saxony. The editor has-declined to follow: the’ system of Medai, and those who take him for. their model, but adopted: that followed by Eckhel, in. his Catalogne of the Cabinet/of Medals at Vienna, as well asin his Doctrina Nummorum Veterum 5 that is to say, the geographical order. - Lipsius bas doubtless. encountered a va- riety, of difficulties in the’classification: of modern medals, in: conformity to a system and ‘the whole will be ren- dered complete by means of a third,. inspector of the: - Retrospect of French Literature—Miscellaneous. System which his precursor applied to the ancient, ones alone, but he has been repaid with complete success. “ Lydie, ou les Marriages Manqués, Conte Moral.”—Lydia, or Marriage Disappointments, a moral tale, by Ma- dame J. Srmons Conpercye, author of Catherine, ou la Belle Fermiere. Paris, 2vols. 12mo, Lydia de St. Hilaire, was young and charming, and a mother who ‘idolised her, had, of course, completely spoiled _ her. On her first leaving the domestic asylum where a fond parent resided, she repaired to the Castle of Mordeck, inha- bited by her aunt, This lady had assem- bled around her a select society, and the young Alphonso de Bellegarde became amorous of our heroine, at the very first sight of her! The relations charmed with the prospect of a match so suitable for both parties, in every point of view, already began to arrange every thing for the intended marriage, when Adhemar de Mulsam, took offence at what was about to be done. This personage, we are told, was not in love with Lydia; no, he loved himself too weil for this, and, as the fair author observes with some humour, such an event would have been considered by him as an infidelity! But he was incited by the glory of achieving so great a conquest, and interest per- haps, in addition to this, made him re- solve to recur to all the seductive arts in his power. - An absence of eight days, on the part of Alphonso, left sufficient time for Ad- hemar, to make sume progress in the affections of Lydia; billets, sighs, feigned absence of mind, were all employed by turns. He thus, at length, found means 687 to draw her into a solitary place, on purpose to give to their interview, all the appearance of an assignation: he, in short, seized this opportunity to ruin her reputation, and accident was not a little favourable to his projects, by sending old Bellegarde and his son thither, in consequence of her screams, after which they immediately took their departure. But an unhappy event unmasked Ad- hemar in the midst of his triumphs, for a fire having consumed the castle .of Mordyk, and together with it a large portion of the fortune of Lydia, he fled from the scene of ruin like acoward, and a paltroon. The life of Lydia was 'on this vecasion saved by Valmont, the friend of her father, a man at once amiae ble, virtuous, and rich; and who culti- vated paioting from his love of the art, Gratitude attached her to him, who had consecrated his furtune to repair the losses of her parent; but her character, which was both imperious and irregular, soon invited new misfortunes, She thought that the eagerness of her new lover to obtain her hand, was nothing more than an anticipated air of authority, and soon broke off the negociation for a marriage. Soon after this, M. de Préval, a gentleman whom she believed to love her, and in favour of whom she deigned to pronounce, declined the connexion, and Lydia now ready to die in conse» quence of an illness occasioned by chag- rin, lost all her beauty. On this in her turn, she adores Valmont, who, on the other band, refuses to espouse her, and tells her that’ he will content himself with remaining the most zealous of hey friends, a N.B. The total Interruption of Communication with Germany, renders it ime practicable to continue, for the present, our Retrospect af German Literatur¢. GENERAL GENERAL INDEX To THE THIRTY-FIRST VOLUME. PAGE ABYSSINIA, account of a mission to 460 Academy, proceedings of the Royal 167, 262, 462, 565 84, 91, 96, 97, 165, 185, 188, 191, 193, 377, 388, 487, 495, 580, 589 _ Accidents Acid, distovery of pernicious 233 ' Addington, Sir William, account of 497, Affairs, state of public 67, 169, 474, 373, 469, 562 ‘Africa, intended journey to ae 561 Agricultural reports 101, 199, 504, 399, 504, 604 eeielees --- societies, proceedings of 81, 86, 298, 299, 490, 604 Agriculture, remarks on =A 23 e--- ----, Roman soc‘ety for the pro- motion of aie 168 Ahab’s Curse, a scarce sermon 246, 348 Air, effects of vegetation on the 514 - Albuera, account of the ba'tle of 565 Alconorque, wonderful virtues of the 164 Alderley Edge, Cheshire, described 7 Alfieri, Count, on the character of 551 Alfred Theatre, plan of the as £79 Algiers, arrival of an ambassador from 76 Alkali, efficacy of fluor volatile 358 Anibore in the East Indies, described 49 America, on the population of -- 23 (eee » state of affairs in te me ae..--, on the commerce of ee 128 ‘Analysis, on chemical diets 320 Anger, fatal effects of prep? 568 Anholt; attack on the island of 374. Animals, on humanity to wees 2: era Sc ) on the heat of st 158 ‘e<-. -., observations on luminous 956 Apeleutherus, on the author of ~ 810 Aphorisms on public credit x8 S531 ‘ Antiquities, discovery of 42, 195, 292, 299, 381, 486, 498, 586 Apollonian museam, account of the 460 Apoplexy, remedy for eet 359 Apple trees, on the cultivation of aie Apprentices, on the binding of pocr 12 Aractris hypogza, oi] from the 360 Arbitration, proposal for a national court « of a sé 526 Arches, on the theory of 225, 426 Architecture, specimens of antient 56 aetna wae > improvements for durable 401 Archway, account of the Highgate 553 Arcot,-in the East Indies, described 49 Armies, on standing aoe 41 Armour, rage for antient sti 562 Arts, monthly retrospect of the fine 65, 166, 260, 366, 462, 565 448 38 Assimilation, on Associations, on county eorex PAGE Astragalus beeticus, cultivation of - 163 Astronomical query Z 129 Lidbieiswcies ANE WEReM see con 224, 513, 425, 528 Atchison, Miss, character of he 385 Avleum, description of the sh 364 Axioms on toleration Ste 135 Aylmer, anecdote of bishop Ses SoL Bacon, observation of Lord Le S51 Bailey, Mr. on life annuities, objections to "Vers -- 206 eo BU « vindication ete, 420 Baker, George, account of 35 282 Balance, description of a new 365 Baldock, account of the maidof 156, 22% Banbury, remarkable cask at A 191 Banking, history of ise 42 Bankruptcies, lists of 73, 177, 271, 370, 464, 559 SES NAA » numerical list of 197 Banks, number of provincial as 161 Barometer, observations on the 57 Barrosa, batile of pA 975 Barry, James, vindicated ais: 208 Basingstoke, meteoric stone found at 229 Rasso relievo, on the word =a 65 Bath, population of the city of 598 Bayley, Mr. account of Sse 95 Beachyhead, destruction of the pinnacle at ae 194 Beaconsfield, Roinan pavement found at 292 Beausobre’s history, query concerning 236 {See ae = anecdote of A pAgat Beddoes, Dr. error in the life rh 14 Bedford, Duke of, his Jiberality $89 Bees, cure for the sting of ee 599 Beeston, Rev. J. H. character of 588 Belfast, charity. school at » a 396 Bell, Dr. his benefaction to Cambridge’ 56— ~--., Mrs. character of 3s 192 Beresford, Marshal, letters of 565 Berampore, singular occurrence at 462 Berington, S. literary character of Sit Berners, account of the works of Juliana 559 Sexhill, mine works at PLeE 392 Bible, curious account of a Latin 562 Bible Society, revort of the 52,475 sece wone.- at Liverpool 22 383 Se REE at Llangellen Lin 498 Bicheno, Miss, account of - a 496 Bilious diseases, on sw ate 169 Bingham, Rev. Mr. remarkable case of 295 Birmingham, timber company at Blagdon E. account of ae 297 Bland, Mr, catastrophe attending 188 Boat, description of a steam ac 103 ----+, account of an iron as 497 ----, patent for a life ene 556 Bodoric, pension granted te «2 462 Brimstone, a dealer in Brighton, encroachment of the sea at Bristol, improvements at 296 British Institution, proceedings of the 66, 161, 167, 200, 366, 567 Brooke, Col. account of a 296 Brunswick, remarkable robbery at 562 Bull, account of the Goldea eget 5352 Bunbury, H. W. account of oie 483 Buonaparte, remaikable decree of 461 Sisine wiaatas/BPESS AOL piss 562 Burns, remedy for ek coed 952 Bury, removal of the steeple at 491 ----» population of - wietat 594 Bushel, Edsvard, noble conduct of 147 Butler, Miss, character of we 78 Butter, how toremedy the bad tasteof 2914 Cadiz, recent voyage to 29, 188, 215, 335, 428, 536 Caernaryon, account of the earl of 584 ---.~----» improvements in the county of nae 298 sane Cambridge, benefaction to the university excof 1A cea = 57 +--+ ++.) account of elections at 389 w+-- +--+» prize medals at 370, 590 tates B's‘ s) agricultural society at 489 ere ore) prize questions at 560 -+-- «s+, population of Pe € 5935 Cameron, lieut. account of iad 502 Campbell, James, account of oe 600 s-se-+,) general, accountof ‘.. 502 Canals, statements of 85, 191, 295, 299, 387, 396, 484, 493, 595, «-e---, on the navigation of 108 Cannon ball, discovery of aremarkable 381 Canterbury, state of the hospitable ar = 195 wesesesey abusesat ares 230 -------.-, robbery of the bank at 492 ‘news +++, account of the methodist cha- ‘pel at ib. Cantyre, improvement of the mull of 299 XN DD Bt: : 689 : PAGE. PAGE. - Bogs in Ireland, drainage of the 301 | Cardigan, death of the earl of 28k Books, extracts from scarce 38, 141, 246, | Carlisle, meteorological observations at 26 sYio 348, 442, 547 | -...-., martiages, dc. at ae 82 - Boots, new modes of making Gly S642... -- » religious institution at 185 Boscawen, true account of Ribbon ASO nn, »» state of the dispensary at ib,. Boston, marriages, &c. at pits SSN ae ag » charity school at op 382 ---+, population of side 583, | Carpethian mountains, fall of 163 Botanical reports 103, 306, 502, GOL | Cask, description of a remarkable 194 Bourbon, capture of the island of 177 | Castleton, Edward, account of 89 Bourgeois, Sir F. account of “= 77 | Catullus, translation from Bye 17 Bourne, Vincent, on a supposed poem of Cavan, Lady, account of = 282 225, 339'| Cehex, analysis of the table of 10 Bey, a wonderful a is 163 | Celt, derivation of its 19,130 Bread, description of anew ae eB 56 | Ceylon, state of vaccination at 563 »--- account of maslin es 525 | Charles [I. anecdote cf a 248 _ Brecon, improvements in the county of 2953 | Cheltenham, J/all of the maricet-house at 19h Bricks, improved method of making 451} --...--.5 improvements at 489, SOL Bridge, account of a cast iron “e 191 | Chemical affinities, on the Bye 159 ~---, description of a chain =e SGC Ree Sei analysis, on mane 320 e--++,) Vauxhall, foundation of laid 476 | --.... language, on gs 459° -.-.-, plan of the Soutawark es ib. | Cheshire, discovery of a cobalt mine ja 7 ws.-3 at York viking 585 | Chichester, charity school at ie 392 Bridges, new method of constructing Chilcott, Mr. account of noe 93 of 5 Beit $12 | Children, on binding out poor 12 Chillembyun, ‘description of the pagoda oF ; 60 Christiana topographical society 360 Chrome, discovery of a mine of Ab2 Cider, cultivation of apple trees for b12 Clagget’s, Mr., piano-forte, on sees Clergymen, society for maintaining the orghans of a =F - 1379 Clitton, i Improvements at 296, 489, 594 Covl, discovery of a new vein of me Cobalt mine, account of a a 7 Cochineal, premium for iis 563 Cocks, improvement in BS S64 Codex Bezie, account of the sy AT Coffee, grown in France a 58 +--+» substitute for = 563 Coin, on the scarcity of silver a 339 +--+» remedy for the scarcity of gold 417 Coins, discovery of antient 95, 536 Collier, Arthur, account of 252, S1k Collins, Colone}, memoir of oe 98 Coltman, Mrs. character of nies 189 Colvil!, lord, memoir of ae 394 Comet ys 1807, on the 550 Commercial reporis 100, 197, 304, 397, 500, 609 Commons, on a reform of the house of 520, ol. Consolidated fund, state of the “° 71 Consumption, observations on sh 279 Convictions, increased number of 77 Corfu, account of the Ionian society at S61 Cork, dreadful accident at os 97 Cornwall, improvements in °° 196 Coromandel, account of the land-winds | at BLE 4? Cosporations, defects of close 106, 20¢ Cowie, John, account of o 396 Craddock, John, account of ve 385 Craufurd, general, mewoir of ae 196 Credit, on public vseepe 33k Crimes, increase of TPR 477 * Crimjnzis, ‘690 PAGE Criminals, on employment for se 16 - a » committed in Lancashire 288 Criticism, on theatrical Se 507 Cromwell, anecdote of hatte 42 Bee oe al , investiture of aa 43 Cullen, lord, account of athe 96 Cumberland, a recent tour in 40, 324 eee oa. , Richard, memoirs of 540 Cummington, Mr. account of ae 896 Curiosity, a remarkable Rieicte 42 Currency, on public Svan 331 Cymbri, origin of the eee 19, 150 Dalkeith, quantity of rain fallen at 162 ee ote » farming club at ine 299 Dalton, Richard, account of 2” “380 Danvers, Mrs. character of ee 599 Dayid’s St. religious society in the di- : ocese of 267 Davy’s, Mr. discoverics 156, 264, 455 oy ES » diploma granted to -- Debtors, employment for imprisoned Maal tS , society for the relief of Della Crusca, restoration of the academy of Pes a ae 360 Derby, musical festival at ae 188 Desk, on diseases of the as 168 Devil’s dinner, on the ee 443, Devonshire, duke of, his improvements 587 Dictionary, specimen of a new 552 Diseases, reports of 99, 168, 279, 369, 468, 568 i FEES , of poultry on the 322 Distillation, old work on the art of 506 Dividends, announced 75, 179, 273, S72, : 465, 560 Dock, opening-of a new Gee 377 Doctor, the skilful ete 251 Dog, recipe for the bite of a mad 528 Dollars, advance in the value of 278 Donaldson, Mr. account of .° 578 Dorsetshire, intended history of 267 Dover, fall of the cliff at eee 91 .---) remarkable circumstance at . 595 Dowle, Mr. account of sean 388 Drawings; on having coloured 329 Drunkenness, sermon against 85 Drury-lane theatre, proposed’ plan for restoring 476 Dublin, state of the cow- pock institution at ( age mie abe 268 Durham, agricultural society at ee. Dwyer, Thomas, character of oy 03 Eames, alderman, character of 290 Earthquake in the West Indieg PE; 60 Bast country dock opened Ace 377 .--- India sales ae 35°07 hi pares affairs fibeody 176 " Eden, intended bridge across the 483 Edinburgh, charity school at’ $96 See ‘ review, reply to the 208 Education, on the Lancaster system of 422 MEETS sath 3 , of the poor, thoughts on the 217 a Sen fetes » on medical de 251 Edwards, lady, account of a 588 Eels, account of electrical pi 59 Electrica) sparks from flowers ~~ 2. 539 * ND ® xX. ; f ; - PAGE Elizaketh, literature of the era of 559 Emerson’s theory of arches, remarks on 225, ’ : 426 Employment fer debtors ~ 16 England, letters of a wanderer through 213 tas eaesy Sketch Of a tourin $40 Enquirer, the ae 4 Enthusiasm, remarkable voce 562 Epilepsy, remarkable case of fy 9 Bpitaph-on a novelist -e 352 Equestrian trial, a remarkable 76 Erskine, Cardinal, account of 499 Etymolegical discussions 18, 150 Evans, Major, account of we 389 wie » Mrs. character of ee 499 Exchanges, statement of foreign 189 Executions in France 4 155 Falstaff, on the character of Wah 325 Fawdon colliery, account of oe 482 Fermanagh, lady, account of ee 182 Farne Island, light on the ne 184 Féte given by the Prince Regent 581 Findlay, John, account of = 196 Fire offices, duty paid by BoC. 377 Fires, remarkable 163, 180, 294, 475, 489, 496; 563, 531 Firing for-the poor, on providing 126 Fishing societies instituted nck 279 Fitzgerald, Sir T. J. account of or Fletewood, lieutenant, account of 479 Flogging, on military AVS 492 Flora, of Northumberlandand Durham 56 Flowers, electrical sparks emitted by 53. Flgor volatile alkali, efficacy of 358 Flying, machine for ~ ee 562 Folkstone, accident at 5 193 Font, description’ of a remarkable — 299 Fosbrooke, Mr; in explanation a 17 France, commercial and political state or rece ion 500 Francis I. anecdotes of as 249 Franklin society, account of 4 561 Fransham, John, memoir of ais 342° waen cane, remarks on B's 518 Fraser, Simon, account of we 282 French executions sche 155 Frio, latitude of cape waned 164 Fry, George, account of eRe 499 Fulk, Dr. superstition of ie 43 Fuller, Rev. W. aceount of A 2 +508 Garrard’s, Mr. discovery on Pe fhe, 8: Gascoigne, Miss, monument tothe me- - mory of eae, 495 Gaudentio di Lucca, on the authorof Jit Gentlemen, honours of sate 156 German works of literature>" see 39 Germany, political state of'"° -. 67 Sanna moos FOODECIES If a 561 Sie wNearimie > enthusiasm in ‘olen 562 Gibraltar, description of aa 428 Gilpin, Mr. character of mie 295 Glasgow, account of the Huntarian mu- seum at em ie See 161 Gloucester, tunatic asyfum at 291 Glowcestershive, freeholders' who voted im _wepe mons Gold ‘ 191. IN D EX. ; . h PAGE Gold coin, 6n thé starcity of ae 417 Golden Buli,. the S= 552 Grafton, Duke of, memoirs of the 238 wens seer, Explanation concerning oid Graham, General, letter of pie 275 Grainger, Isaac, account of re 485 Grant, Sir James, account of is 500 Grantham, remarkalyle bequest at 85 = 222 --- +» population of ¥s » 586 Grapes, description of the syrup of Ty sdee..--, 0n the culture of A) 15 Grate, description of an improved 60 Greatrakes, Valentine, account of 42 Greek Lexicons,.on modern ma 520 Green, Sir W., account of ee 294 Greenwich; naval esylum at oe 180 ,Greenvill, Sir-Barnard, letter to 506 Grignion, Charles, anecdote of ° A441 Grimsby, improvements*at 289, 486 Guadaloupe, population of we 58 Guineas, en buying: 734% 417 woos cen, SCarcity of wee 475 Gyles, Mrs, melancholy death of 588 Grymneti, remarkable account of the 61 Hagley, present state of , a5 17 Hales, Alexander de, account of 551 Hale, the comedist, account of bendivi at oe. Hamilton, Otlio, account of ch 391 Harmonics, theory of oe 529 Harral, Mrs. character of = 78 Harrison, Rey. R. account of \ aie hou Hartland, derivation of the name 527 Hartlepool, improvement at a 81 ank, remarkable wa 186 ‘Haws-water, description of oo 22 Hats, improvement in making 252 Hawes, Mr. on probabilities 206 ---+-+,» replies to: 533, 418, 420 Hawkes, Mrs. account of 25 386 Hayti, hurricane in by degs 60 Heat, on the production'of == 354 Hemp, account ef sunn pale 563 Henry IV. of France, anecdotes of 250 Henry VIII. letters of aintits 506 Herculaneum-MSS. state of the 264 eSebre c= ce » derivation of the word 328 Herefordshire, dreadful storm in 591 Heretics, account of imperial ai S854 Herring fishery, success of the 196 Higden, W. H. account of -s 583 Highgate, meteorological observations at’ 25 eees----) account of the archway through- Baee 533 Hog, remarkable circumstance of a’ 598 Holyhead, signal station at o« 95 ee etivien a, picr:at eou6 298 Honours of gentlemen sia 156 Hood, Rev. R. account’ of a 181 Rooks, improvement in reaping’ 161 Hope, Henry, account of ae 282 Horn castle, population of ae 588 Horn beam, use of the leaves of! 358 Horse flesh eaten in Norway oe 59! Horses poisoned wala 490 Houses, on the increase of 1 Hg masd, John, avcownt of the death of 69L ‘ PAGE Hoylake life-boat lost de &4 Huddersfield canal, state of sa 484 Hughes, Rev. Mr. character of 299 Hail, charity school at Bs 483 ---. dock company’s dividend Hunterian museum, account of the 161 Hurricanes 60; 82, 589, 590; 591 Hyde-park turnpike, increased tolls of 475 Hydrophobia, on preventing as 528 Illiberality, on a theological oh 210. Iilness mitigable by music Su 13 Imperial heretics, on erates 3513 Indigo, substitutes for Zee 163,560 Infidelity, on the alleged-advantages of 519 Infinites, on the eléments of the arith- metic of 314, 434 Ink, how to femove the shining quality of BS Sa 341 Inverkeithing, antient fort at 299 Intellect of close corporations tee 106 Ionian academy; account of ia 56t Ireland, derivation of the word 328 sey draining of the bogs in 301 Irish, character of the sare 155 .2.. academy, ptize question of the’ . ‘560 Irishman, anecdote of an se 156 Iron, wrought, substituted’ for shipping materials Beet eles 561 Italy, commercial state of <3 109 Ive’s, St., Cornwall, improvement at. 196 Jackson, Robert, account of at 4P6 Jacksonian prize awarded Seer 459) Jamaica, strange phenomenon at 565 Jews, on encouraging the Suge 6 eae, Society for converting. the 185 ----, anecdote of the fe A1Z Johnson’s dictionary, proposed supple- — - ment to op 552 Johnson, C. T. account of +: 595 Jones, Mrs. acceunt of ae 589 Jopling’s, Mr, marble quarries, account t) we ol 299 Jortin, Dr. ona poem by 2 oh 1 905,"389F Kederminstér, Richard, account of 551 Kemp, Thomas, account of ss 597 Kendal co:], discovery of a vein of 99) Kendal, improvements at te 382 Ribs iia » newspaper established at 583 Kent, Nath, mémoir of er 79 Kent, anetdote of the duke’ of se 396 Kenyon, Lord, anecdote of cn 415 King, statue at Weymouth of the’ 297 ----, in London Bas 478 .Kinrosshire, benevolent spirit in 299 Kirk, Hugh, aecount‘of Ae 97 Kitchen range, improvements in the 557 Kitching, Captain, account of 203 Knill, John; remarkable character'af 378 Krusentern’s voyage, account of SOL Lamb, an extraordinary fe 597 Lambton’s, Major, observations 50 Lancaster, corivictions, &c. at a 988. Lancastrian systém of education, onthe 422 Langriste, Sit H. account of bw 596 Lapicida, answer to ewe's 426 ‘Law and Lawyers, on’ wa 447° Laurence, 692 FAGE.) Laurence, J.C. account of ta 499 Laws, observations on the poor = - = 11 eee Of Solon and Lycurgus contrasted 126 oes, repeal of two bad ae 512 Leasowes, excursion to the a 17 Lectures announced 56, 168, 268, 358, 459 Leech, John, account of a 280 Leeches, on preserving wale 536 Leeds, storm at = ches 82 ««-., State of the trade at Ae 484 Leeipsic; books sold at the fair of 59 Estrange’s regulations of printers, &e. 442, 547 Letters of a Wanderer se 21,321 »..-» from General Graham tte 975 asses Of the Prince of Wales va MT aae- from Lord Wellington 72,573, 375, 470, 564, 579 ase from Captain Maurice .. 374 o..-~ of Henry VILL. on 506 «.«2. of Mary Queen of Scots ib eee from Géneral Lumley a 562 «-s=. from Marshal Beresford 565, 566 «+++. from General Gazan a3 580 Lewes, state of the school at nd 194 Lewis, W. T. account of win 78, 182 exicona, on modern Greele ae 320 Libels, difference between public and private uli eons 521 Liberty, on religious ofa 135 «evs. of the press, on the PY 522 Lije, cn the probabilities of 206, 535, 418, 490 Light, observations on Sw 265, S54 eees Of the sen, experiments on 256 ««-» houses, plan for the construction of 162 eaae erected on the Ferne islund 184 «ee. erected on the Bell rock 499 ve«- fixed telegraphic oi 557 ase» Of vegetables, account of 535 Lincolnshire, improvements i ae 85 eee-e woe-y returns of population trom 588 Linth, improvement of the river 360 Literary and philosophical intelligence 57, 159, 264, 357, 458, 558 Literature, history of antient Ae 156 LITERATURE, Harr-vEarLy RETRO spect oF DOMISTIC, Tr. vels in the South of Spain, in Letters written in 1809 and 1810. By W. Jacos, eqs 4 605 Alcazar in Spain described 609 Alhambra palace deseribsd 621 .Cad z, description of 605 Seee cee wie ins i Castanes, general, accountof 624 dade oe. Fair, description of a Spay ish 611 eve ee-eGordon, account of the fami- : Jy of aha 606 peeves Inquisition, account of the, Spanish ol 5a 61 eaee wes Malaga, description of 620 waaesee-Materosn, count, hischaracter 614 eae s---Mecorish kings, pal.ecs of the 621 desis ..- . Ngns, des scripth not English 613 Wajale ue _ ,Ojjive oil in Spain, account of 616 one, LENS DUE Vx ; PACE. Literature, Ronda, description of the _ bridge of any Se 623 oenee--- Seville, description of ‘615 «-2.----Spanish character ia 618 wece ne eens eens peasantry, description \ of = 623 Dh Se Pre colonies, state of 625 -- .+-..-Trafalgar, battle of, Spanish account of pce 617 85 BABE Wetherell’s, Mr. manufactory in Seville ae 616 Rate wi atete .Descriptive Travels in the Southern, and Eastern parts ~ of Spain, in 1809. By Sir Joun Carr 627 ......--Augustina Zaragoza, account of ate A 629 . +s ee--Ice-house in Spain, described 628 .+e.----Majorca, description of 636 .---e---Montserrat, defense of ib. asses s-e- Saragossa, accountofthe he- ~ roine of ee 629 eat acteeaae » siege of oa 654 -.--e--sLetters of ANNA SEWARD, written between the years 1784 and 1807 =r 6358 -u.e----Aston,-Molly, account of. 64% .-...----Darwin, Dr. character of 640 -------- Delany, Mrs. account of 645 -.......Eon, Chevalier D’, anecdotes of wh as 649 oe-- eee Johuson, Dr. anecdotes of 659 see + ees Knowles, Mrs. account uf 645 ce ee Llangollen yale described 649 Sint a’ deine More, Hannah, criticismon 642 RE waar Parr, Dr. character of 645 oe Poetry, on the study of 646 -+--++--.Sneyde, Mr. anecdote of . 648 e+e-++--Report upon the Herculaneum Manuscripts. By the Rev. J. Hayter, AM. 66L «22+ ee-An historical and topographi- cal Description of Chelsea and its Environs. By S. FAuLKNER =i 667 Liver, spec'fic for disarders of the 1064 Liverpool, penitentiary instituted at 263 Dees weal » bible society formed at 383 RPS fos ai » Chapels, &c. at .° 485 Liangoilan, bible society at +. 498 Locks, improvement of canal omeuioe Lofft, H.C. account of Kr, S84 London, on the increase of Pie 1 Rear en incidents, marriages, &c. im 76, 180}.279, 577, 475, 580 iia ain » plan for clea s Sit ee as address to ie ce Regent Ws Longevity, instancesof 81, 86, 94, 95, 9A, 185, 186, 189, 191, 196, 286, 258, 296, 300, 301, 382, 383, 392, 394, 395, 396, 482, 485, 491, 587, 588, 595, 597 Longituce, error in a treatise on the 417 Louis LV. anecdotes of wa 250, 446 Louth, population of ies: 568 Love, Mrs. account of om 19% Ludlam, Thomas, acowntef ., 302 ° ne Linker ; PAGE. buke; St. state of the academy of 163 ®..---, on the’practice of the parish of 12 Lunatic asylum in London, plans ofa = 162, 560 Bees. an. oes in Norfolk 34 593 Lungs, specific for disorders of the 164 Lupine seeds a substitute for coffee 562 Lusitania, derivation of the name 130 Lycurgus, on the laws of +2 196 Lylulph’s Tower, described bars O45 Lyster, John, account of 2 oe 496 _ Macrae, Alexander, longevity of 300 196 528 52 OSE 358 113 594 Macphenson, Col. account of oa Mad dog, remedy for the bite of a Magnetism, question concerning Sea. ..> 4, answered Maize, syrup extracted from e- Malay words, a yocabulary of =... Malt duties, deficiencies in the Manby’s, Captain, invention, particulars Of; 2RL she 15; 204 Manchester, marriages, &c. at * 83 Mankind, on the migration of oe 18 Mansel, Mr. account of ee 98 Mansfield, Lerd, on a paradox of 524 Manufactures, statement of 197, 304, 397 Manuscripts in the imperial library at Paris # ---..---, on the Clermont, &c. 505 407 wees eames Maps, improved method of engraving 451 Marble, method of cementing « .. 163 =-+--- quarries in Scotland ot. 299 Mark, Rev. R. account of tt 383 Market Deeping, population of 588 Martinique, population of aes 58 eae..-.., 2 wonderful tree in 164 Mary, queen of Scots, letter of -- 506 Maryland, a recent excursion in 23, 127 Mashiter,-E. an extraordinary character 383 Maskelyne, Dr: memoirs of- — .. 481 Maslin bread, compesition of <6 525 Massena, retreat of = -\ale 373 Maxwell, James, account of Gt 78 Medal, discovery of an antient Medical Society, proceedings of the Melissa, story of Z 221 Melon, on the culture of the =... MEMOIRS OF EMINENT PERSONS. piece eee -Duke of Queensbury ‘31 ese. «ee Duke of Grafton ne 238 »---~-.- John Fransham a= 342 ~s-2--.--Paul Sandby Seen 437 ae-eeee-Richard Cumbetland .. 540 Merino society instituted oa 2 ae--- Sheep, sale of Meteors, remarkable. 58, 59, 162, 361, 410 Meteoric stones, accounts of 59, 16%, 229, .* 367, 560 Meteorolog'c:1 observations 25, 26, 410 Bees wach one » reports 103, 200, 308, 400, . 504, 604 Metropolis, on the increase of e 1 wees sees, plan for cleansing the 510 Military flogging, on eice 422 Mill, Lady, account of We 591 91 Mills, John, character of MontTary Mae. lo. 215. 673 _ PAGE. - Milton, Mr. extraordinaty expedition of 76 «-*---, ON a passage of 4 443 Mineralogical science applied to archi- tecture aR baat 401 Ming, meaning of the word Be: 422 Moel Famnea, North Wales, monument on ror eM aah 595 Moises, Rev. Mr. monument to the BL Monuments, on defacing 551 130, 223, 994, 313, 423, 528 Morgan, Rev. N. account of 394 Mortality, annual report of ° 76 Motion, on the production of perpetual 533 Moon, phenomena of the Museum, the pantheon converted intoa 55 =e » terra cottas in the British 65 ------,-0n the Townley statuesinthe 119 aoe = » account of the Apollonian 460 Music, defence of modé¥n = 133 »--<,) Medical effects of Musical publications, review of 65, 164, 265, 368, 467, 564 bills, inventor of Sire i= 2 532 Mycock, Mr. account of 43 169 National debt, state of the 2s 564 National Institute, pioceedings of che 354 Nations, on the origin of = 18 Naturalist’s reports 101, 199, 368, 398, 501, 603 Naval asylum, account of 260 180 Navigation, on canal bi ohsd 108 Naylor, James, account of ae 42 Nelson, monument to the memory of - Lord Si a 462, 477 ----, anecdote of ae 516_ Newark. population of ae 587° Newcastle, marriages, &c. at oe 81 sone ----» Charity school at Sey 286 Newhaven, improvement of the piers at 493 New Holland, harbour discovered at 462 Newmarket, singular oceurrence at 490 Newspaper reports, observations on 416 Auiek ae criticism, remarks on 509° New ‘lestament, on the originals of the 407 eae wees, eifors in the stereotyped 597 Nicolay, Captain, account of ie 499- Norfolk, lunatic asylum in aa? s 593 North, John, remarkable account of 485 Northampten, charity schvoi at 389 Northumbetland, a Flora of es 56 Norway, horse-flesh eaten in site 59 airs » literary societies in = 360 Norwich, schools ‘erected at 390, 491 +--+ «+5 population of £4 593 | Nottingham, table of the weather at 410 S| Sunday school, union at 486 Novelist, epiteph ona REA 552 Nurses, cautions to forget 360 Octave, on extentting the sounds of the 551 Offences, oncapital punishment of slight 445 Oil, improvement of olive = 162 .. extracted from the thorn =e 163 .. extracted from urachis hypogaa 360 Opinions on the uniformity of religious 4 Ordnance, improvement of naval ‘ 164) Oriental poppy) remarkable property of 53% 4 . au - Quiley Od PAGE. Oufle, Mr. enquiry concerning 236 Guse, new bridge over the river 191 Oven stove, improvement of the 61 Oxford, subjects of prizes at “se 56 «---») improvements at 2s 191 Oxygen, on plants generating ate 320 Pagoda, description of a -- 60 Paisley, accident at ” 24 96 Pall Mall, intended improvements in 475 Palsy, remarkable case of Ge 468 Pantheon converted intoa museum 55, 460 Paper currency, accountofthe <. 198 Paris, state of the arts at wh 159 «x.» directions of the police at 359 »«.-, Manuscripts in the imperial library at wees wene 505 wee, Whimsical fashion at a 561 Parker, William, account of ae 281 Parkgate, improvements at ai 88 arliamentary representation, on 520 aicSm ston te) proceedings 171, 473, Parr, Dr. -B. account of aistete 94. Parsons, Mrs. account of =4 282 Patents, accountofnmew 60, 151, 253, 364, 451, 556 Patterdale, description of we & 321 Patton, Admiral, facts relating to 312, 515 Pavement, account of a Roman 42 Paul’s, St. robbery of 76 <.~-, Shameful practice of exhibiting 428 Penal laws, report on the -- 477 Pen, an improved 33 a 152 Pendulums, on the attraction of 533 Penllyn agricultural society, proceedings of aa doa 298 i, William, trial of Be 141 ~-s», 0M the character of oa 230 Penrith, description of See 22 Pentheny, Avg. remarkable character of 301 Percival’s, Mr. letter to the Prince 278 Peter the Great, anecdote of oe 5) 447 Petroleum a remedy for tape worm 533 Pettifoggers, society for protection against 409 Phenomena, remarkable 58,59, 162, 294, 561, 410, 462, 535, 563, 587 eeeeseee Of the moon ig 423 Snae cece Urine, curious =e 433 Physicians, anecdote of ancient 250 » Piano-forte, on an improved me 28 oea-a-s-) On the invention of the 530 ~eeae-+-3 planof improving .. 531 Picts, derivation of the name aR 935 Picturesque tour, sketch of a Lf 340 Pilchard fishery, failure of the 196 Pimpernel, remarks on the scarlet 533 Pins, new method of heading bis 254 Pizarro, on the play of 609 Blace-Fell, Cumberland, description of 914 Planets, on the theory of the 355, 423 Plants, query concerning dies 320 ese-» ON the effluvia of Ba 515 . ---» luminous quality of ie 533 Plymouth, improvements of the port 394,599 wees eeesy danger in the harbour of 498 Poetry, ORIGINAL. evceseee Lhe Saints, a Parody 44 @.vcoses Lhoughts on Lifs pr ihy 45}. i WD E Xs : PACE, Poetry, To Mary rts ee 46 seeeeeee Lhe Hypochondriac 148 +s ee eeesOn the return of Spring 150 ‘aaic'e's de SONE He rib, ouceeese Verses written at midnight 252 oveeer «otanzas wei ia ib. | ves eo ee LO an Exotic in. 40H ib. oeveeses Ode to Peace woe 253 seeseees Grueme of Balgowas : 35% -e+,~-e-An humble Petition for a Lock of Hair os *o 353 ¢eeeeeesOn Mary Van Butchell ib, seeeeees 10 the Memory of the Coun- tess Dowager of Cavan 1b. eseéeeee- Boconnoc, by Mr. Polwhele 448 eseeveee 0 Professor Davy ms 449 e+eeeees othe Author’s Son as ib. es ee ee es Onthe Character of Lord Wel- lington bie ve ib. eeeeceee TO R, Carmichael pert 450 oeeeee ye Lines written in Prison ib. seseeeee The Fly, a Sonnet wie iby eeeeeeee Sonnet to C. Loftt aia 55% «éeeeees Westminster Abbey, by Miss Mitford ee _ ibs +seeeeeeSun-Set, by the same ibs Poison, remarkable cases of - 85, 188, 492 Ponds, on breeding leeches in es 534 Pontefract, new court-house at 484. Poolas, a new hemp, its use ie 563 Povle, Mrs. melaneholy fate of 91 Poor laws, observations on the 11 +++ On binding ont the children of the 1¢ oeeb 9 OR bettering the condition of the 126, ; 416 «eee, Ontheeducationofthe ... | 217 Poppy, on the narcotic propertiesof the S60 «see, electrical appearance of the 533° Port-folio of a man of letters Al, 155, 249, Portugal, state of affairsin 72, 303, 375, 470, 56% +e+++eee, subscription for the distressed inhabitants of ae tie 476 +e eeeeesy derivation of the name 130 Pottery, improvements in o , ASA Poultice for scalds a ee 232 Poultry, on the diseases of oe 322 Pratt*s poem of the Lower World, on the 24 Precocity of intellect, remarkable 163 Press, observations on the liberty of the veh oe de 524 «see Old plan for regulating the 547 Pretyman, Mr. account of oe 91 Pride, effects of / ie 271 Probabilities, on the doctrine ef 206, 333, 418, 420 Promontory, on the word oe 328 Pronunciation, on errors of sent a2 Providence mill, accident at Re 185. seeseeeesey on the goodness of 210 Provincial occurrences 81, 184, 286, 3815 482, 584 Prussia, political state of es ‘67 «sy population of | cose S61 Public affairs, state of . ate 168, ar, 373, 9, 572 ‘Public In Df 7 oi, PAGE, 321 53, 1538, 238, 362, 453, 554 Public curreney and eredit, on Publications, lists of new Pulteney, Sir J. account of oe 480 Pumps, apparatus for working 151 Punishments, on capital He 415 Pyrometer, on the us ee 554 Quaker, anecdote of a ecee 42 esese- government, defects of 529 eseeeey defence of the Je 513 «eee. System, account of- Ae 525 -Queensbury, duke of, memoirs of the 31 Queries, literary oe ae 256 Sian Cutious questions of ., 447 uicksilver, discovery ef a vein of 359 Raikes, R. account of aan 588 Rain, table of the fall of ae 162 Reaping hooks, improvement in 161 Records, proceedings of the commis- sioners of oe +e 458 Reculver church, alterations in 595 Reakie, John, account of os 96, 500 Reel, description ef a new ae 460 Reform, plans of temperate ee 520 Regency proceedings, on the 67,171 Registers, improved mode of keeping 459 Religious opinions, on uniformity of 4 eeeseee. liberty, axioms in favour of 135 Relph. John, character of © .. 243 Review of the volunteers ee 580 Richards, J. account of reas 77 Rickman, J. accountof .. ve 97 preeee- +9 Mrs. account of 4. 480 Riley, John, account of -°"'.. 552 Roberts, Mrs. account of oe 396 Reberts, D, account of Liye 592 Robbers, in Germany, account of 561, Robinson, John, account of HE 487 ‘Roman bath, discovery of ae 292 Romana, Marquis, accountof 4. 303 Rome, agricultural society at eo 163 24. public works at fia, ib. Romilly’s, Sir Samuel, bill, on 473, 477 Rothney, account of the Earl of 879 Ropes, on clearing’. og 451 Roscius, on the young coos 509 Royal Institution, proceedings of the 156, . . 265, 455 d..+ Society of London, proceedings of — the awe He 255 Rudson, Susan, remarkable story of 585 Russel, W. account of aie 387 Russia, state of oF ae 67 Rutherford, Dr. account of Af 300 Sabbatical pastime . °" .- os 451 Saint, Mr. on thé eertents of infinites © 314 ee weeeeny reply to eseses 434 Saintly synonyins se os 352 Sandby, Paul, memoirs of ee 437 Sanquhar and Dumfries rail-road com- pleted 2 mate sees 600 Scalds, poultice for oe es 232 Schools, on public eeee 351 ve3eeey Charity, instituted 188, 194, 298, 382, 383, 386, 389, 390, 392, 395 433, 4 436, 491, 599 * Gcotch, character of the oe 155 695 , PAGE, Scotland, livings in the church of 06 ++2.--s derivation of the word 234 Scott, R. singular account of és 82 Scriptures, on the originals of the 407 = Sea, on the luminousness.of the 256 - Séathen, on pressing ARDS 523- Sepulchre, intended royal ne 4g Sermon, an extraordinary oe 246) 348 Seville, riches of the cathedral of oso ll Shakespeare, critical remarks on 112,°2305 322, 470, 422 teres eeeey On a pretended portrait of 66° Sharpe, Mr. on common law right BE< Shipping, improvements in am S67 - Ships, invention for the relief -of “208 - Shoes, new methad of making 615 365— Shropshire agricultural society A 86 - ee eeeeeey Creadful storms in ae 589. Siberia, French reformers sent to 59. Sidey Effendi, funeral of 4 373° Sight, rules for the preservation of the 237° Silesia, fragment of a tour in PP 116 Silk-worms, food for APACE; 28 Silver, onthe scarcity of 2. 339 Slavery, on tne abolition of is 326. Slugs, method of destroying - ... - 382 Snvall- pox, on inoculation of the EI Smithfield club’s prizes Lee 236 Smith’s, Dr. annual prizes oa TOk Smith, T. W. account of Ae * ge | Smoke, new grate for preventing 60 Smythe, T. account of ~ ae 190 Societies, proceedings of learned 47, 1564 - 255) 3549 455 Society, plan of anew arate AD Solon, on the laws of Peri 12 Southwark bridge, report on the 47 Spain, affairs of -72, 169, 274, 373, 469; 562 -e»+; atourin the southof 29, 138, 2359 3359 423, 537 eseey derivation of the word ee 234 +s positions of the armies in 469 Spectacles, rules concerning —o. _ 333 Spiders, acéount ofaworkon v. 358 Springs, wonderful ee «e 44 Stamford, improvement at eee 85 ce veeey population of eee 538 Statues, remarks on the Townley 11g sere ees Substance for making ve 253 Statues, repeal of bad cole 312 Steam, vessels navigated by ae 105 -ees. engine, an improved oo ¥51 Stereotype printing, errors in ae 527 Stevenson, M. remarkable account of 300 Stigand, character of Archbishop a1 Stocks, pricesof ~~ .. .° 104 Stofie, sulstance for artificial By 2 Stones, on the selection of ae ak «+e, accounts of meteoric 59, 162, 229, 367, 560 Storms, remarkable 60, 82, 193, 3935 589, 5993 594 Stramonium, on the uses of Be 309 DONE ety’ e's 5 «) on a pamphlet concerning 526 Mebane ce oo yrehicdcy of oe 527 Stuarts, fatality of the ooee 349 Suffolk, deficiencies of malt duticsin 59g 4U2 Sugar, 676 i PAGE. Sugar, substitutes for sees 14 ‘Sumatra, words spoken in a 115 Summers, Mrs. acount of =. 187 Sunn hemp, account of hers 563 Suns, account of mock +e se 44 Sussex, vein of coal found in ae 92 e---, improvements in = eww 392 Synopyms, on saintly ee es 352 Superstition, instances of o 42, 43 Sutherland, W. account of =e 300 Swarsea, charities at cose 298, 599 Sweden, state of - «. 5h 67 veee4s, arrival of the king of de 76 Bee Algernon, proposed life of 319 yrop from maize . a 358 Tablet of Cebcs, analyses of the . 10 Tape-worm, remedy for the “es 533 Tar; method of clearing “3 451 Yate, William, account of oe 81 "Tavistock canal, iron boat on “is 497 "Taxes for 1809-10 ie oe 278 "Laylor, John, the water poet, account of 43 eeeeeey James, prize awarded to 187 geaes-eeeeee, On the elements of the arithmetic of infinites, by “s 314 “IIA .., defence of ay 434 aeeeee, E. F. account of ot 3387 Tea, imitation of the Chinese 358 Telegraphic light-house, plan of a 557 "Terra Cottas in the British Museum* 65 Testimony, on theological oe 533 Thames and Medway canal, extension of 596 Theatre, proposals for a new it 279 ss e+eey restoration of Drury Lane 476 Theatrical criticism, on o 507 Thom, Mr, on war sis ar 123 "Thorn, oil extracted from the a 163 Thread, on spinning aed 358 "Threshing machine, a new . 297 ‘Time, curious phenomena of ee 433 Tithe cause, remarkable aches _ 185 ae anecdote of de ae 251 Toleration, on rejigious ie 229, 473 Tooke, J. H. account of a portrait of 567 Tootheache, remedy for the oe 527 ‘Townley statues, reratks on the 119 Tornadoes, remarkable 60,82, 537, 589, 590, 591 ‘Tourists, hints to a . 340 Tracts, accopnts of scarce 38, 141, 245, 348, : i 442) 547 ‘Trees, on grafting digea 255 ‘Tremenheer, Mrs. account of oe 95 Tresham’s, Mr, veses, sale of 460 ‘Triangle, new property of a plane 256 Tribe, William, account of ve 98 ‘Trimmer, Mrs. niemoir of a 133 ‘Trinity College, Cambridge, alterations in 270 Wurkey wheat, sugar from ee 15 Turnips used as bread Geists : 56 eseeeey On Cattle eating +e 291 e+ +e+-y mode of destroying slugs which infest «Slate sah 'y 382 Turnpike tolls oe +e 475 Typhus fever successfully treated 369 Ne D EX PAGE, Typography, improvementsof... «326 Ullswater, description of 214, 322 Uniformity of religious worship seeeeesey On repealing the act of 424 Union, society for church | aon 267 Unmerapoora in the East, fire at 563 Urn, discovery of a remarkable” 498 Vaccination, statements of the utility of 263, 49 seceecoeesy Observations on os 553 veeseeeeee at Ceylon, success of 5 j Vaccine Institution, report of the na- tional hide aes 560 Vardill, Dr. account of aa 481 Vases, a new work on aeee, 458 ...., account of the Tresham 460 Vauxhall bridge, first stone laid . 476 Vegetables, on the physialogy of 60x Vegetation, its effects on the air 514 saad Stine » theory of oeeel 255 Vellore, description of iia 4g Vesuvius, eruption of mount «eo 163 Vessels navigated by steam oe 105 Vicinage, on associating with the 38 Vine,-on the culture of the grape 15, 16 Vinegar, useful test for - 233 Viner, William, account of ae 489 Violin, on the inventor of the 523 Vocabulary of Malay words “e Bay seeeeese Of remarkable words ’ 552 Volunteers, review of the eo 580 Walcheren fever, on the 179 Andrew & Smith 560 Andrews,T. 372,465 Annis, T.. 465 Arbuthnott and Bracken 95, 465 Arbuthnott, A. 465 Armitage, R. 179 Armld, W.S, 560 Arscott, R, 465 Ashton, T. 75 Ashwell, J. W. 179, 466 Atchison, W. 466 Atkins, J. 372,466 Atkinson, J. 372 Atkinson, J. ib. Austin, J. B. 273 Ayres, J. ~ 75, 273, 466 Badcock, J. 372, 560 Badderley, J. 560 Bailey, T. 75 Bailey, J. 372 Baillie & Jaffray 179, 466 Baker, J. 75 Baker, W. 560 Rall, J. 75 Ball, R. 560 Ball, J. 466, 560 Balls, J. 179 Ballard, T. 75 Bamford, J. 273 Barnes, H. 560 Barnes, J. ib. Barnes, R. ib. Barter, J. 179 Bartlett, J. 75,466 Bartlett, W. 560 Barton, J. ib. Bateman, J. 179 Bates, J.&T. 560 Bear, J. ib. Beattie, J. 372 Beck, A. 273 Beck, S. ib. Bedford, C. ib. Bedford, T. 560 Belcher, J, ib. Bell, J. 75, 179 Bell, W. 372, 466 Bell & De Camp 273 Bendy, S. Le Bennett, W. 466 Benson, J. 372 Benson, J.W. 560 Bent, R. 75,179,466 Berkley, T. 372, 466 Berridge, W. 179 Berry & Roches- ter 75 Berry, J. ib. Berry, T. 179 Best, B. ib. Bevan, J. 372 Bidwell, H. 273 Bigg, T. a5 Biggers, J. 560 Bignell, W. 179 Billett, G. 372 Bingley, J. 75 Birch & Leverson 273, 372 Bird, G. 273 Bird, T. 372 Bisher, R. 273 Bishop, T. 466 Blackmore, E. 560 Bioxam, Bloxam & Co. 372 Blow, J- 466 ‘Blow, W, ib. Blundell, F.F, ib. Blurton, W. ~ Boddington, T. Bone & Hone 179 Bolton, R. 560 Bonner, F.H. 372 Bonser & Co. 179 Boone, J. 372 Booth, J. 75 Booth & Co. 560 Bovil & Hanbury 75 Bovil, B. 273, 372 Bor ..er&Wood 560 Bowers, N.& W. 560 Bowler, W. 75,179 Bowler, G. 179 Bowler, E. 372 Bowles & Co. 75 Boyd, T. ib. Bracken & Wil- liams 179, 560 Bradlev. ” 273 Tage ESUE 372 Breakweu, - 179 Breffit, 755.179 Brewer, J. 179 Brewer, W. ib. Brickwood &Co. ib, Briggs, G. 560 Brix, R. 560 Brockbank & Co. 372 Bromk_id, W. 466 ~ Brook, J. 372 Brooker, H. ib. Brookman, J. 466 Brooks, J. 179 Erown, J. 75 Brown, T. ib. Brown, R. 179 Brown, W. 560 Browne, T. ib. Bruce, R. 466 Bryan, S. 560 Bucknell,W. _ 75 Budden & Pye- finch 560 Bull, J. as Bull, T. 273 Bull, T. 560 Bull & Bryson ib. Bunn, S. 273, 560 Burbidge, W. 560 Burgo, W. 179 Burgess & Co. 75 Burnett, W: 273 Burrough,M. 179 Cade & Stephens 466 Cann, R. 372 Canniford, W. 179, 273 Canning, H. 560 Capes, W. 466, 560 Carr, G. & J. 560 Carer, J. 179, 273 Pon cE xX. Carter, J. 466, 560 Caslow, W. 466 Caw, T. 274 Chadwick, J. ib. Chadwick, A. ib. Challicom, J. 75 Chamberlain, N. 466 Chambers, E. 560 Chambers, R. ib. Chamley, T. ib. Chidell, J. 179 Child, T. B. 274 Child, R. 560 Chinnery, F, ib. Christie, D. 75 Clancy, W. ib. Clark, W. 179 Clarke, J.B. 274 Clay, R. 372 Claypole, E. ib. Clayton, J. 179 Clements, R. ib. Clemmens and Price 560 Clowes, J. ib. Coffen, A. 561 Cohen, A. & S. 179, 274 Collett, T. 7S Collins, A. 561 Collinson and Tritton aye Colwill, C. 372, 561 Compere, T. 372 Cooke, J. 170, 372 Cooper, W.H. 75 Corbet, L. 372 Cornforth, W. 179, 274 Corrie, H. 466 Corson, J. 274. Cousens, J. 565 Cowcher & Fe- noulhet 372 Cowperthwaite, W. 274. Coward &Co. 466 Crabb, J.& W. 274 Crampton, W. 561 Cranch, N. 274 Crawford, T. & Ww. 372, 568 Critchley, J. 274 Croose, T. 179 Crossbie &Green- wood 56r Crossley, J. ‘ib, Crondace, J. 274 Crowley, D. 466 Cuisset, J. 372 Cummins, J. 561 Curtis, J. 274, 466 Dane & Co, 372 Darling, W. 179 Darwin, H. 466 Davenport, T. 372 Davenport and Finney 274, 372 Davey, E. W. 75 Davidson, J. 466 Davie, S. 75, 179 Davies, E. T. 179 Davies, }. 372 Davies, I’. 466 Davis, H. 75 Davison, J. 466 Davy, M. 372 Dawes& Co. 179, 274,466, 561 Deakin, R. 372 Deal, J. T. 561 De Charmilly, eT. 372» 466 De la Chaumette, F.D. 466 Delany, J. 579 Delpini,C. A. 7s, 179,273 Dennet, R. 75,179 Dennison & Co, 372 Deschamp & Co. 179 De Sonza Pinto, q. 561 Devey, R. 466 Dibsdale, J. 179 Dickenson, J. & evs 179,274 Dickenson and Goodall 372 Dickie, T. 274. Dickins, T. 372 Didier & Tebbet ib. Dingwall, P. 561 Dinsdale, J, 372,466 Dixon, M. 274,466 Doleson, J. 372 Dollman & Banks ib. Dongworth and Amer 561 Dougan, T. 466,561 Dow, J. 274 Dowling, H. 372 Drury, P. 274 Drury, W. “372 Dufty, T. ib. Dulin, W. T. 7 Dumvile, T.C. 372 Duncan, W. and A. 456 Duncan, W. 561 Dunlop, J. 179 Dunn & Robin- son 466, 561 Dunster, T. 75 Dyer, R. 466 Eady, 5. 274 Earnshaw, R. 561 Eastman, T. 466 Easton, W.&R. ib. Eccles, F. 179 Eccles, H. 372 Edwards, S. ib. Edwards, T. 372 Edwards, E. 4.66 Edwyn& Garton 75 Elfstrand, D. 274 Eliott, E. ibe Ellam, W, 274 Ellis, R. ibs Ellis, C. 466 Ellis, W. 561 Elstob, H. 179 Emdin, A. G. 759 179, 56% England, W. 372 Etherington, T. 266 Etty, S. 274 Evans, E. 179 Evans, T.” ib. Evans, T, 372 Evans, R. 466 Evans, S. s6r Eyre, I. 75 Fairburn, J. 466 Fairfield & Buck- ley 274. Fallon, A. 75 Favill, E.& J. 274 Fea, T. 95 Fearon, J. 466 Felton, J. 372 Fenton & Moore 466, 565 Ferguson, J. 466 Fischer, M. 75 Fisher, F. 179 Fisher, W. 179, 274 Fleming, H. 372 Flinders, J. ib, Fogg & Cantrell 75 Forster, R. 75,179 Forster, W. 75 Foster, J.& A. 179 Fox, J. ib. France, S. 466. Francis, J. & J. 372 Franco, M. 466 Franklin, J. 561 Freeman & Sykes 179 Freemantle and Co. 561 Frost, J. 179 Fulford, J. 4.66 Fuller, R. 274. Gairdner, J. 372 Gale, J. 75 Gamon, J. 561 Gamson, J. ib. Gardner, F. 274, Gardner, T. gor Gaskell, T. 274. Gear, H. ib. Gedge, W. g6r German, J. 179, 372 Gibbons & Sher- “ wood 274 Cibbs, R. 95 Gibson, T. 274, Gibson, R, 372, 56x Gibson, 704 Gibson, T. 466 Gilbert, C. 75,179 Gilgrest, B. 75 Gillam, J. 372 Gissing, T. 179 Godden, W. 75 Goft, M. 561 Goodall, T. 274 Goodenough, W. 179 Govdwin, W. 372 Goodwin, J. 466 Grant, C. ib. Greaves, T. 372 Green, R. 179 Green, W, 372 Green, W. ib. Groom, C.° ib. Grove, P. 75 Gummer, M. 561 Hackney, S. 75 Haigh, W. 561 Hall, R. - 466 Ham & Aust 561 Hamber, J. 75 Hamilton, C. 372 Hambly, W. 56 Hanbury, C. 274,372 Hancock, J. 372 Hancock W. 561 Hancorne, W. 274 Hancox, E. 466 Harding, T. 561 Harrington, T. 372 Harriott, T. 561 Harrison, T. 274. Harrison, F. 466 Harvey, W. 75 Hassall, W. 466 Hatfull, E, 75 Hawkes, T. ~*~ ib. Hawkeshead, R. 179 Hawksley, J. 466 Hayward & Tur- "ney 274 Haywood, J. 372 Healey, S, 179 Hemming, J. 466 Henderson, W. 372 Henley, T. 561 Henning, D, 274 Hentch, J. 406 Henzell, G. 274, 466 Herbert, T. 561 Herbert, TF. i>, Herbert, T. ib. Herritz, T, ib. Herron, G, 75 Heseltine, B. 179 Hewlett, T. 466 Hewson, T. 180 Heydon, J. #372 Heyes, J. 274 Hiams, H. 561 Higginbottom,L. 254 Hil, J. 75 Hills, B. 466 Hiace & Co. ib. 2 iN De x. Hinde, J. 75 Jackson & Co. 561 Hingeston, C. & James, J. 180,274 R. 180 Jameson, R. &'T.-130 Hinse, C. 75 Jurritt, G. 372 Hitchen, W. 180,372 Jennings, T.° 75 Hitchop, W. 561 Johnson, W. 180 Hoddinott, B.. 274 Johnston, W.G. 466 Hodges, T. 564 Johnston, J, 561 Hodgson, J. 274,466 Jones, A. 274 Hogg, J. 561 Jones, B. ib. Hollambby, W. 180, Jones, T. ib. 274 Jones, W. A, 75 Holland, J. 561 Jones, J. 180 Bollingdale, W. ib. Jones, D. ib. Hollyman, S, ib. Jones, W.Y. '372 Holme, T. 180 Jones .& Loads- Holmes, F. 274 man 61 Holmes, C. ib. Jorden, T. ib. Hook, J. 372,466, Jukes,G.M. 466 561 Jukes, E. ib, Hooker, T. 466 Kauffman,C,H. 75 Hopkins, T.J. 561 Keeling, E. 561 Horsefall, W. 274 Keens, J. 75 Horsh, J. 372 Horsman, E. & J. ib. Hoskin, R. 274,372, 561 Houghton, W. 180 Houlden, R. 372 Hounsom,R. 274 Howard, E. 180 Howland, T. 180, 372) 466 Hoyland, C. 561 Hubbard, J. 274 Hubbard, C. ib. Habert, M. 372 Hudson, H. ib, Hughes & Se. vecke 372 Hughes, J. F. 561 Hullah, R.A. 372 Hume, J. 561 Humphreys, M. 372, 466 Hunt, G. 180 Hunt, B. 561 Hunteman, J. 372 Hunter, A. 180 Hunter, J. 466 Huntsman, M.& A Huson, J. 7§ Hutchins, G. 561 Hutchinson, W. P , 180 Hutchinson, J. 561 Huxley, T.C. 372 Inglis, J. 372, 466, 561 Inwood, D. 1Z0 Irwin, J. 372 Jackson, R. 75 ackson, E, 180 jk Ww. 372 ackson, J. W. ib. Jackson, G, Keniseck, P. ib Kerry, R. Keyse & Wyatt 274, 372 Kidd, J. 274 Killick, R: 180, 466 King, J.& W. 372 Kinsey, W. 180, 372 Kirkly, W. 466 Kirkpatrick, J. 372 Kirtow, J. 466 Kitton, S. R, 130 Knight, J. B. 372 Knott, J. 466 Knowlston, C. ib, Kopp, F.C. 561 Lagostera, J. P. 274 Lambert, T.&S. 75 Lance, C. 274, 372 Lande, A, 372, 466 Lane, L. 75 Lane, J 4.66 Lansdown, T. 56 Lapish, J. 75 Lara, A. 466 Lawrence, R. 75,180 Lawten, J, 561 Lawton, E. 372 Lax, T. 56r Laycock, T, 274 Leaver, T. 466 Lee, H, 274 Lee, J. 372 Lee, S. 466, 56r Lee, G. 561 Leeds, S. ib Leman, J. 180,466 Le Neve, G. L. 372 Lewis, W. 75 Lewis & Chame bers 180 Lewis & Jack- son 372 Lewis, E. 561 Lichigaray @Wait<. Dunsford 18055372 Like, bo ‘180, 372, 561 Little & Craus- ton 274 Lloyd and Wy- down 274 Lloyd, J. 564 Loar, R. 75 Loat, W. 372 Lomes, D. 274 Lomnatz & Ris- son 466 Long, J. 180 Longman, S. 466 Lonsdale, J. 56n Lorcock, F. ib. Loud, T. Lovell, T. 75 Lowton, E. 274, 466 Lucas & Betke 75 Luckhurst, T. 466, 561 Lumley, T. 551 Luxton, J. 372, 466 Lye, R. 274. Lyon, J. 372 M‘Camley, P. ib. Macdonald, J. 180, 372 Mackenzie, A. 561 Mackenzie, J. ib. Macleod, W. 75 Macleoud, T. 561 h**Lachlan and walt 274 M‘Nair, S. 372 M‘Pherson, W. 466 Maftet, W. 37% Maggs, G. 75 Maitland, D. 180, 372 Major, W. 466 Makeham, J. . 75, 274, 561 Malcolm, W. 372 Malone, W. ib. Mankin, T. 561 Manning,R. 130 Manning, J. 372 Mark, T. 75 Mark, P. 372 Markham, E. ib. Marriott, R. 274 Marriott, S. 406 Marsden, J. 561 Marsh, C; ib, Marshall,C. 180,56 Martinuani, P. 180, 2745 372 Mash, J. 456 Maskelyn, G. ib. Maskery & Ate kin 274 Mason, E. 180, 274 Mathews, W. 180 Mathews, " Mattiews & Phil- lips 56x May,S.* 75, 180 Mayhew, R. 466 Mayring, S. 372 Mead & Lewis 780 Meek, R. 561 Meeson, E, 372 Metcalf, J. 75 Middlehurst, M, 274 Middleton, T. 75 Miller, W. 561 Milward, C.S. 180 Monnet, L. 466 Moon, C. 372 Moore, J. 75 ‘Moore, J. 180 Moore, H. 372 » Morgan & Mor- ley 274 Morgan, J. ib. Morgan, A. & E. ib. Morgan, J. 372 Morhall, T, 561 Morris, R. ib. Morrish, W. 180 Morton, A. 466 Moseley, D, 274. Moss, D. 75 Moss, f. 272, Mountford, J. 180 Murphy, G. 561 Napper, P. 466 Nelson, W.C. 561 Neve, J. 180, 274 Newman, R, 75 Newman, A. 561 Nicholls, T. 75 Nicholls, J. 180 Nicholls, R. ib. Wicholls, W. 561 Nicholson, G. 372 Nicholson, J. 372 561 Nockold, J. 75, 180 Norburn, W. 372 Normington, J. 466 Northam, H. 75 Nott, J. 180 Oakley, J. 180,274 Oates, E. 75 Oddy, S.& A. 180 O’Donnoghue, B. ib. * Ogden, C, 561 Ogilvy & Co. 274, 372 Ogle, J. 180 Olivant, G. 274 O'Neil, T. 561 Oram, J. ib, Ord & Ewbank 372 Osborn, F. 180 Pagett, D. 180, 372 Palmer, J. 75 Palmer, R. 372 Palmer, T. 561 Patker, S. 274 LN, D, E. X Parker, J. 372 Parnell, W. 180 Parr & Patrick ib. Parr, R. 180 Parsons, J. 466 Pass & Bailey 180 Patterson, G. 75 ‘Paty, T. 274 Payler, T. 180 Pearson, G, 180,564 Peirse, T. 274 Penn, J. 75,466 Pepper, J.W. 561 Percival, J. 75 Percival, W. 180 Perkins, J. 75 Perkins, J. ib. Perkins, C. 373 Perkins, J. 466 Perry, J- 274 Persent and Bo- decker 75,180 Phillips, D. 180 Phillips, P. J. ib. Phillips, T. M. 274 Phillips, R. 5668 Phillips, J.C. ib. Pickard, W. 180 Pickslay, W. 466 Pickup, J. 274, Pickwood,G. 274, 373 Piggott, T. 561 Pimen & Frane cis 75 Polley, J. 561 Portal, J. 75 Porter, S. 561 Post, W. 180 Potter, J. 561 Poulton, J. 466 Poulton, C. 561 Powis, T. 466 Prance, G. 561 Pratt, M. 274, 373 Pratt, W. 466 Price, C. 561 Pritchard, G. 274 Prosser, J. 561 Prynn, A. ib. Pursell, S. 466 Raby, G. 75 Radley, B. 27 Randall, T. 274,46 Randall, J. 274. Rawlins, C. E. ib, Rawlinson and Bagot 273 Rayner, A, 561 Read, R. 130 Reed, W. 56 Reeve & Jones 75 Reid, J. ib. Reid, {. 180 Remington, J. 466 Revell, G. 27% Reynoldson, T, ~ ib. 705 Richardson and Simeon, S.A. 568 Sanderson 274,373 Simmons, J. ib. Richardson and Simpson, J. 75 Bell 373 Simpson é Fair- Richardson, T. 466 man ib. Riddell, G. ib. Singer, S. 180 Rideout, T. 561 Singleton, J.A. 274 Riddelstorier, G. Slater, W. 75 A. 373 Slater, T. 274 Riley, H. 466 Slater, T. 373 Roberts, J. 180,274 Smith, J. 73 Roberts, J. 180 Smith & Harri- Robertson, J. 480, son 180, 274 274 Smith, J. S. 180 Robinson, T. 180 Smith, T. N. 466 Robinson, N. ib. Smith, J. & Je 56x Robinson, N. E, ib. Smith, W. ibe Robinson, W. 373 Soanes, R 466 Robinson, H. 466 Southcombe, T. 466, Robinson, C. ib. 56x Robinson, W. 56x Southwood, T. 466 Rolfe, W. ib. Spalding, D. ib. Room, W. 75, 373 Sparks, W. 180 Roome, B. 466 Stainsly, J. 373 Ross, H. 373 Staniforth, T, 75 Rouse, W. 75 Stanley, S, 274 Routledge and Stapleton, T. 1%0 Burrockside 466 Steele, J. ibe Rowlandson and Stephens, J. 56r Co. 120 Steriker, R. 75 Rowton & Mor- Stewart, A. 566 hell 75, 180, 466, Stibbs, C. 75 561 Stinchcombe,W. 56x Ruftey, B. 180 Stockley, J. ib. Rutledge, T. ib. Stokes, T. 180 Rutt, T. 373,466 Stone and Lau- Ryley, E. 75 rence 274. Samuel, R. 180 Stone, J. 466 Sanders, J. 274 Strack, W. 565 Sanders, R. 274, Strickland, S. 180 373, 561 Strickland, J. 373 Sanderson, W. 466 Stretton, S. 274. Sanderson, R. ib. Stroud, B. 565 Sankey, C. ib. Suddone, J. ib. Sargent, D. 561 Suter, G. 180 Sarqui, A.J. 274, Sutherland, R. 274 373 Sutton, E. 466 Satterthwaite,J. 75 Swaine &Co. 373 Sault, W. 561 Swallow, A. 274. Saunders, T. 180,274 Swan, J. 466, 56x Saxelbye, J. 180 Swift, lf 180 Scales, W. 373 Swire, I. ib, Sco:t & Purves 75 Sykes, J. ib. Scott, T. 274 Sykes, W. 466 Scott, T.& D. 373 Tabart,B. 180, 274 Seager, S. P. 466 Tabor, J.C, 75 Seddon, T. ib. Tankard, J &R. 56r Sevill, J. 7§ Taylor, T. 75 Sharp, C. B. 466 Taylor, C, 274 Shawford, W.C. ib. Taylor, T, 373 Sheldon, R.H. 120 Taylor, f. 466 Shenston, T. 274, Taylor, T. 561 466 Teideman, W. 373 Sherratt, W. 466 Thershaw, J. 466 Sherwood, J. W. 274 Thomas, J. ib. Shevill, W. 466,561 Thomas, HL. 6r Sherto, E. 75 Thomson, G. 75 Thomson, 706 Thomson, J. 274 Thornton, W. 561 Tierney, J. 466 Till, W. 373 Tipper, S. 180 Tolson, P.& R. 75, 274 Tomkins, S - 75 Tooke & Ladd 466, 56 "Townsend, E. ib. Tripp, J- 274 Trott, D. 180,274 Trontbeck,C. 373, 466, 564 Trow, R. 564 Trueman, T, ib. Tubb & Scott 274 Tudor, M.A. 180 ‘Tugwell, T. 75 -Tullon, f- 274 Turner, R.~ ib. Turner, T. 466 “Turpin, J. 373 Twallin, J 180 Tweddell, J. 274 Vallance, W. ib. Valley, S ib. Van Dyck & Co. ib. Vaughan, J. 466 Veale & Parsons 561 Veichtner, J. F. 466 Vernon, T. ib. Von Essen, C.B. 466, Wallis, i Bs Warmington »W. 373 Westlake, J. at > 1. & J. 466 YN DE’ xX. 373. Wharton, C. Wheeler, W, 75,373 561 White, T. Vorley, R.K. 561 White, T. i 180 Whitnell, J. ‘Wakeling, E, 561 Whittam, L. 466 Whittenbury, E. 561 Wereebas, ib. : 274 Wicker, J ib...“ -zer 373 373 Wildgoose, €.S. 466 373,466 Wilkinson and 75 Wighton Williams, W. 75,180 56: Williams, R. 75 ib. Williams, A. Watmough, J. ib. 274. Williams, W. 75 Willings, T. 373 Willis & Co. 56x Willis, J. ib. Wilson, W. Welchman, J. 75 Wilson & Light- Weldale, W. : 7 Wellings, T. 466, Wilson, J. 466, 56x Hel Wilson, W. Winch, N, J- 466 foot ib. Wiggens, S. MG me S. 373 Wightman, J. 561 Wilcock & Fra- Wing, J. 180 Winniett, B. 274, . 373 Winter, T.W. 466 Winter, W. 56r Wittingham, W. 274 Wollaston & Up- john 373 Wood, R. 75, 274 Wood, J. 373 Wood, H. 466 Wood, J. ee) Woodman, W. 180 Woodroffe, E. 274, 466 Woodward, J. 274, , 561 “Wooffen, C. 274 Woolcombe, W. 180, 274 Worth, M. 274 Wright, W: ib. Wright, S. ib. Wright, R. 373 Wright, 8. ib. Wright, W. 466 Wright, S. ib. Wyatt, J. 75 Young & Glen- nie ib. Young & Bacon. 56x Zagury, S. ib. END or tue THIRTY-FIRST VOLUME, oe J. ADLARD, Printer, Duke-street, Smithfeldg — a peireeeeee y Sette: aetestiete easteattatate pees terrore Corsencst as i - ~e Ort ere oles