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VOL. LI. = a pgc 1949 


PART TI. ror 1822. 


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MONTHLY MAGAZINE. 


FEBRUARY 1], 1822. 


No. 364.] 


[1 of Vol. 53. 


BILTON HALL, THE RESIDENCE OF ADDISON. 


At the pleasant village of Bilton, one mile and a half from Rugby, aud two miles 
from Dunchurch, stands the irregular but spacious mansion, once the property and 
residence of ADbison. He gave £10,000 for it and the adjacent manor, furnished it, 
and hung it with pictures, as a lure to the Countess of Warwick, to whom he was then 
paying his court. His only daughter, imbecile in her understanding, lived here till 
1797, when she died in her 79th year. 


the spacious gardens retain the fashion of the age of the “Spectator.” The adjoining 


A long walk is still called Addison’s walk, and 


Parish Church, and other places in the vicinity, are consecrated by the habits and 


presence of the once illustrious occupant. 


For the Monthly Magazine. 
ACCOUNT of a JOURNEY from CUCUTA 
to CARACCAS, performed in the 
months of August, September, and 
October, 1821. 
HE time occupied in the prepara- 
tions indispensable for a long 
journey, made it nearly evening on the 
17th August before we left Rosario ; but 
having at length put every thing in 
readiness, and taken leave of a friend 
or two who accompanied us a short 
distance out of the town, we set for- 
ward seriously upon our march. Night 
however advanced rapidly upon us, and 
Montuty Maa. No, 364. 


hour. 


obliged us to seek a lodging at a small 
house probably about two leagues from 
Capacho, at which latter place we ar- 
rived the following morning at an early 
We found the temperature of 
Capacho, as before, very cool and agree- 
able, and partook of some potatoes 
grown in the neighbourhood. The 
chief object of our attention here was 
the Lancasterian schoo! which the Padre 
Sebastian Mora, had, with infinite cre- 
dit to himself, lately established. We 
found about twenty boys learning read- 
ing and writing, in both of which the 
greater part of them had made consi- 

derable 


2 Recent Journey in Columbia, 


derable progress, and were able to spell 
and write, with accuracy, almost aay 
word proposed to them. Padre Mora 
had learnt the Lancasterian system 
while a prisoner in Spain, and has 
rendered a most important service to 
his country by having set the first ex- 
ample of reducing to practice in Colum- 
bia this admirable method of diffusing 
instruction, and has proved the facility 
with which such establishments may 
be founded and regulated, by the suc- 
cess which has attended his institution 
in the small village of Capacho. 

We left Capacho about eleven o’clock, 
and arrived at San Cristobal at five in 
the evening, where we were detained 
three days, from the difficulty of pro- 
curing mules for the continuation of 
our journey. San Cristobal has pro- 
bably a population of about 3000 per- 
sons, and contains nothing particularly 
worthy of remark, unless it be the 
church, which is handsomely orna- 
mented. Theatmosphere is temperate. 
There is a market on Sundays, where 
such provisions, as are exposed for 
sale, are disposed of at moderate 
prices. 

From San Cristobal to Tariba, was 
but an hour and a half’s ride, but the 
heat of the sun compelled us to take 
shelter for a few hours, as we arrived 
at mid-day. We then proceeded to- 
wards the Caneyes, where we found 
the miserable remains of a house in 
which we judged it expedient to pass 
the night, in order to be in readiness 
at avery early hour to cross the Pa- 
ramo on the following morning. The 
house had originally been constructed 
for the accommodation of the Spanish 
troops, and has, I believe, subsequent 
to our leaving it, been repaired for the 
convenience of persons charged with 
the conveyance of letters. 

We mounted the following morning 
at the earliest practicable hour, and 
commenced the ascent of the Paramo, 
most justly termed the ‘ Zumbador,’ 
from the incessant violence of the wind 
upon ifs summit. The ascent occupied 
us several hours, and is in some places 
rendered extremely dangerous by the 
narrowness of the road and strength of 
the wind, which frequently threatens 
to hurl both mule and rider into the 
abyss below. We were armed with 
much extra clothing, but notwithstand- 
ing we suffered most sensibly from the 
cold, and more from the wind, which 
was almost irresistiblejand would often 


[Feb. I, 


drive the mules sideways several paces. 
Fortunately, the space across the sum- 
mit is short, and the descent, although 
very tedious, soon puts an end to dan- 
ger, as the road, with the exception of 
being extremely stony, is not much to. 
be complained of in other respects. I 
reached ’El Cobre about twelve o’clock, 
where, having rested ourselves and our 
animals for an hour or two, we conti- 
nued our route to La Grita, which we 
reached about six in the evening. As 
the temperatures of ’El Cobre and La 
Grita are both cool, we found several 
wheat fields and tobacco plautations in 
the neighbourhood of each. At ’El 
Cobre we obtained also a few peaches, | 
but they were small and of an inferior 
quality. This place took its name from 
the belief of copper mines existing in 
the neighbouring mountains; it is 
merely a station for the men charged 
with the conveyance of letters, all of 
whom treated us with great civility, 
and one of them, with infinite difficulty, 
succeeded in procuring us a fowl. 

La Grita is a moderate sized town, 
but comparatively abandoned ; as such 
of its former inhabitants as have es- 
eaped the effects of the revolution, have 
withdrawn themselves to the surround- 
ing country for the greater convenience 
of superintending their plantations of 
tobacco and wheat; visiting the town 
only on Sundays to hear mass. The 
population of the town alone, in conse- 
quence, does not probably exceed 500 
persons, but that of the vicinity is 
more considerable. The grass was 
growing most abundantly in the square 
and streets. The houses haye gene- 
rally a most neglected appearance, and 
the greater part of them are uninha- 
hited. Potatoes aud apples thrive ex- 
tremely wellin La Grita, and it might, 
I dare say, be made to produce most of 
the fruits of Europe. Provisions are 
now extremely scarce, and dear in pro- 

ortion. 

The following morning about eleven 
o’clock we left La Grita for Bayladores, 
which we reached at dusk in the even- 
ing, by making the best of our way, 
and leaving the cargoes to follow as 
quickly as they could. We again 
passed an immensely high mountain, 
the ascent and descent of which occu- 
pied very nearly the whole day. The 
weather, on the mountain, was cloudy 
and disagreeable; the ascent in many 
meer very painful, and the road 

ifiicult to find. ‘The animal on which 
I was 


1822. ] 


I was mounted grew tired previous to 
reaching the summit, and obliged 
me to beat him most unmercifully to 
get him forwards. 1 arrived, how- 
ever, at Bayladores a little after sun- 
set, without having stopped any where, 
much fatigued, and consequently 
alighted very gladly at the house of a 
labourer, where we passed the night. 

Bayladores is divided into two parts, 
one of which is termed the town, and 
the other the parish. We found here a 
coul atmosphere, and more cultivation 
of tobacco than [ had seen any where 

reviously. The town is small, the 
eee very much dilapidated, and the 
population probably about 300 persons. 
The Spanish general, La Torre, was 
-encamped eleven months in Bayladores, 
the consequence of which has been a 
general destruction of its houses and 
resources. Of the former, but very 
few have floors, and fewer still a chair 
to sit upon, or a pair of fowls to breed 
from; and indigence and want are 
universal, 

The distance from the town of Bay- 
ladores to the parish of the same name, 
is two leagues, and consequently occu- 
pied us two hours. It is somewhat less 
in population and extent than the 
town, and offered nothing particularly 
worthy of record. Such part of the 
surrounding country as is cultivated is 
very fertile, and a few potatoes we ob- 
tained here proved the best we had 
seen upon our journey. We changed 
our animals, and left at nine e’clock in 
the morning subsequent, for Estanques, 
where we arrived between four and 
five o’clock in the evening. The road 
was more level than any we had passed 
hitherto, although still continuing its 
course among the mountains. The 
natural heat of the day was consider- 
ably added to by the burning of the 
bushes on the road side the night 
previous. We passed about an hour 
and a half at mid-day in the house 
of a cottager, near the pathway, whose 
maintenance, and that of a numer- 
ous family, was derived from the pro- 
duce of a small plantation of tobacco 
which surrounded the house, con- 
structed by himself, with a species of 
bamboo cane and mud walls. 

Estanques is the name of a cocoa 
estate, (Hacienda) the property of a 
family resident in Santa Fé. Although 
it has been much injured by the Spani- 
ards, there are still nearly 100 slaves 
remaining, under the superintendence 


Recent Journey in Columbia. 3 


of a major-domo, also a slaye. We 
were informed, previous to touching 
here, that this Hacienda, although very 
extensive, does not produce to its pro- 
prietors 2000.dollars annually. It has 
the appearance of being well regulated, 
and contains a small church, in which 
the slaves were all very punctual in 
their attendance to the morning and 
evening prayer. 

About seven o’clock the following 
morning we left Estanques, for San 
Juan, a distance of seven leagues. 
An hour after our departure we reached 
the spot where a curious bridge has 
been constructed across the river Chas 
ma, for the conveyance of passengers 
who travel this ruad to Maracaibo. It 
consists of a variety of long strips of 
hide fastened to a post on each side of 
the river, on which slides a square 
piece of leather, on which the passenger 
seats himself and pulls himself over to 
the other side with a line destined for 
that purpose. The Chama, although 
not very deep in this part of it, runs 
down with such extraordinary violence, 
that it would be quite impossible to 
ford it. We occasionally found tem- 
porary bridges constructed where the 
passes were narrower than in this place. 

The road from Estanques to San 
Juan has most deservedly the reputa- 
tion of being one of the most difficult 
and dangerous in this part of America. 
We had frequently to mount rocks and 
precipices, where one false step of the 
mules would have occasioned imme- 
diate destruction. I collected two or 
three specimens of the rocks which 
form these perilous situations. To 
crown a most fatiguing day’s journey, 
it rained very heavily before I could 
reach San Juan. The thickness of the 
atmosphere, and approaching night, 
occasioned a most painful uncertainty 
about the road, which I frequently ap- 
prehended I had mistaken. On my 
arrival at San Juan, however, I was 
civilly received by the Alealde, in 
whose house I immediately changed my 
apparel, to avoid, if possible, another 
return of the fever and ague, which 
the drenching I had received, gave me 
but too much reason to anticipate. 

San Juan, isan Indian village, which 
has been much injured and depopulated 
by the Spaniards. As it is much svat- 
tered, it would be dificult to estimate 
the population correctly, perhaps 1000 
persons. The church is the only brick 
building, the remainder are espn 

an 


4 Recent Journey in Columbia. 


and huts, constructed, as usual, with 
mud and cane. 

The climate of Estanques and San 
Juan is hot. Between eight and nine 
o'clock in the morning. we left the 
latter for Meridu. The Alcalde, who 
had been remarkably obliging during 
our stay, accompanied us a short dis- 
tance on our route. 

We commenced this day’s journey by 
descending into a stony valley, which 
apparently had been the bed of a river. 
The scenery around us assumed a 
somewhat more agreeable aspect, as the 
mountains were a little wider separated, 
and afforded small squares of land, 
which were in many places cultivated 
with tobacco, sugar cane, Indian corn 
and plaintains, About a league anda 
half distant from the road by which we 
passed, is situated a lake which, from 
the description IT had heard of it, ex- 
cited a curiosity I was sorry not tohave 
an opportunity to gratify. In its bed 
is deposited a species of salt, termed by 
the natives, urado, which possesses 
most valuable and useful qualities when 
mixed with an extract of tobacco, 
named chimon. To obtain this salt 
the Indians are compelled to dive to the 
bottom of the lake in water four and 
five fathoms deep, bringing it to the 
surface in very small] portions at atime. 
Difficult as it is to obtain it, this salt 
is sold at so reasonablea rate, that an 
Indian, who exposes his life a dozen 
times in a day, can seldom earn beyond 
three or four rials. The urado has not 
yet been discovered in any other part of 
the republic. It produces extraordi- 
nary effects in fattening horses, and is 
usefulfor a variety of other purposes, 
but its chief employment is in making 
the chimon as above mentioned. We 
remained two hours at the village of ’El 
Egido, which is rather more than half 
way between San Juan and Merida. 
We were here very kindly entertained 
by the Cura, Padre Pena, an old friend 
of Don Fernando’s, and arrived at Me- 
rida about five o’clock iu the evening, 
where we took up our quarters with the 
governor by previous invitation. 

Merida possesses a climate nearly as 
cool as that of Caraceas, and has suffered 
equally in proportion by the earthquake 
of 1812, which has destroyed the whole 
square and all the principal bnildings. 
A convent is remaining, in which there 
are now about twenty-three nuns, with 
some of whom we were permitted to con- 
verse through an iron-grating. The city 


[Feb. 1, 


has evidently been once considerable, 
but is now comparatively a heap of ruins. 
Fruits are generally abundant, and the 
temperature of that. extraordinary de- 
scription,that either cloth or linen cloth- 
ing are equally agreeable. The water 
is most excellent. There has been a mo- 
derate commerce with Maracaibo since 
the armistice, and the country round 
is extremely fertile. The pepulationof 
the town is probably from 8 to 10,000 
souls. The inhabitants are famous for 
making hammocksand preserves. 

The difiiculty of procuring the ani- 
mals necessary for the continuation of 
our journey, detained us in Merida till 
mid-day, and we arrived consequently 
at Mucucheis the next stage, in the 
rain, after dark. The road, as usual, 
presented an almost continual surface 
of stones, which delayed our progress : 
along ascent which we encountered in 
approaching the village contributed 
also to retard us. We found the at- 
mosphere gradually becoming colder, 
till when in Mucucheis it appeared to 
us equal to that of the winter months 
in England. The want of a fire, and 
every species of comfort, made this 
change very disagreeable. We lodged 
with the cura, who treated us with 
much civility. 

Mucuchies formerly contained 3000 
Indians, who are now, by the joint 
efforts of the Spaniards and the smalk 
pox, reduced to less than half that 
number. and those, as in every other 
village through which we had passed 
hitherto, are living in the last degree 
of poverty and misery. The curate 
hasa few fields of wheat near at hand, 
which thrive well. Having partaken 
of some rancid beef aud a few bad pota- 
toes, we retired early in the hopes of 
warming ourselves, and in order to rise 
early the folloving morning to cross 
the Paramo, which the temperature 
very plainly indicated we had begun 
already to ascend. There were fifteen 
cases of the small pox in Mucuchies 
when we left it. 

We arose at day-light and began 
loading the mules with all possible de- 
spatch: the morning was cold and clear, 
and consequently favourable for pas- 
sing the Paramo. About eight o’clock, 
having taken leave of the worthy curate, 
we left Mueuchies, and continued the 
ascent, which we found more gradual 
than any we had yet experienced. The 
cold increased, and although the rarity 
of the atmosphere occasioned me much 

indisposition, 


1822.] 


indisposition, I sincerely regretted the 
loss of my thermometer, which pre- 
vented my ascertaining the change 
with exactness. We reached the sum- 
mit between twelve and one o’clock. 
I here felt myself most seriously un- 
well, a disposition of the stomach to 
sickness, accompanied with a lightness 
of the head; drowsiness and numbness 
in my feet, which made me almost in- 
sensible to surrounding objects, which 
indeed the drizzling rain and thick 
cloudy atmosphere, would in any case 
have prevented my perceiving with 
distinctness. The passage across the 
summit occupied us but a very short 
time, but the uneasy motion of my 
mule on the long and tedious descent, 
obliged us to seek the Jenta, as I was 
quite unable to proceed farther without 
resting. We reached the Jenta between 
three and four o’clock, where having 
yemained an hour, we continued our 
route to the next Indian village, by 
name Timotes, where we arrived at 
six o’clock in the evening, much fa- 
tigued. As the temperature became 
gradually more moderate in the descent, 
the sides of the mountain resumed an 
appearance of vegetation, in which 
were mingled various species of flowers, 
blackberries and other fruits, natives of 
cool climates. Shortly after we passed 
the Paramo a considerable quantity of 
snow fell, which we were much con- 
gratulated upon escaping; indeed in 
blustering weather the Paramo is alto- 
gether impassable. One of our mules 
was missing upon the descent and was 
found dead the following morning. 

Timotes is a small Indian village, 
very similar to Mucuchies, but less 
populous and more temperate. We 
here passed the night and departed 
the followimg morning between nine 
and ten o’clock for Mendoza, having 
obtained a relay of mules and horses. 

Scarcely had we left Timotes when 
we began to ascend the Cordillera. 
Again the ascent occupied us more than 
four hours, passing through the clouds 
as usual, but without experiencing the 
cold of the Paramo of yesterday, which 
this morning occasioned me a most un- 
welcome fit of the ague accompanied 
with slight fever. We reached the sum- 
mit about two o’clock, and commenced 
immediately the descent towards Men- 
doza, where we arrived without any 
material occurrence, between five and 
six o’clock, and took up our lodging 
with the Alcalde. 


Recent Journey in Columbia. 3 


Mendoza is a small village similar to 
Mucuchies and Timotes; the climate is 
a few degrees warmer than either, and 
containing fewer Indians. As wheat 
grows here to great perfection, the inha- 
bitants make excellent bread. Every 
other description of provision is scarce 
to a degree scarcely credible. We ob- 
tained achange of animals, and left the 
following morning between eight and 
nine o’clock. 

A strong fit of ague and fever obliged 
me to stop at the house of a cottager 
shortly after leaving Mendoza, where 
we remained till three in the afternoon. 
At half-past four we passed through the 
village of Valera, which is important 
only from the circumstance of its being 
situated on the road from Truxillo te 
Maracaibo. General Bolivar had pas- 
sed through on his way to the latter 
city only three days previous. The 
approach of night obliged us to remain 
in the house of the Estanquere on Sa- 
vannah Larga, having previously cros- 
sed the river Motatan, and obtained a 
sight of the village of the same name 
from the Savannah, which is situated 
upon a moderate eminence. 

Having risen early the following 
morning intending to continue our route 
to Truxillo, we discovered, much to 
our surprise and mortification, that our 
Peones had disappeared in the night 
with the mules that were furnished us 
im Mendoza, and had also carried away 
my pistols. Don Fernando accordingly 
left alone for Truxillo with one of our 
own mules, whieh had fortunately been 
spared. I remained at Savannah Larga 
until the day following, anticipating 
another attack of the ague and fever, m 
which expectation however, I was most 
agreeably disappointed. ‘The morning 
subsequent having passed the wood 
which succeeds Savannah Larga, ft 
reached at ten o’clock the small village 
of Paupanito, where I staid «turing the 
heat of the day in the house of the Padre. 
At six o'clock in the evening | arived at 
Truxillo, whence Don Fernando had 
come out to meet me. The latter part of 
the road as I approached the city, be- 
eame more populous and presented 
many specimens of cultivation, of which 
Indian corn, sugar-cane and plaintains 
were the principal. 

A variety of circumstances occasion- 
ed our detention eight days in Truxillo, 
where we were hospitably entertained 
by the late Governor, Colonel Carillo. 
The city is hemmed in on all sides by 

mountains, 


6 An Old Man of the age of King Wilham. 


mountains, in a manner which prevents 
the possibility of extending it beyond 
its present limits. So badly has its 
scite been chosen, that General Bolivar 
has interested himself much in trying 
the practicability of removing Truxillo 
to Valera, or some part or the surround- 
ing country more naturally adapted to 
such a purpose. The city was built 
one hundred years previous to the 
foundation of Caraccas, and has the 
appearance of great antiquity. It 
contains three or four churches, a con- 
vent and a population of about 6000 
persons, consists principals of one main 
street and one square. ‘The houses are 
moderately spacious and lofty, but ge- 
nerally much neglected and in bad re- 
pair. The inhabitants are remarkable 
for their affability, partiality to dancing, 
music and similar amusements. The 
circumstances of the revolution have 
destroyed nearly the whole of the male 
population and left a quantity of fe- 
males, which makes the numbers of 
the sexes very disproportionate in all 
public entertainments. 

It was ten o'clock on Sunday morn- 
ing by the time our mules were loaded, 
and we had left Truxillo. Our usual 
task of ascending began at the distance 
of about a league and a half after leav- 
ing the city. At two we reached the 
summit of the mountain, and shortly 
after commenced the descent, which 
conducted us to St. Anua, a small In- 
dian village, gifted with a most inviting 
atmosphere, where we passed the night 
in the house of the Alcalde. At the 
entrance of the Pueblo, on our left, 
we passed a stone placed near the path- 
way, in commemoration of the meeting 
of Bolivar and Morillo on that spot, to 
treat of the armistice, which was subse- 
quently realized in the month of No- 
vember of last year. 

From St. Anna to the town of Ca- 
rache was but six leagues, and we con- 
sequently arrived at the latcer at an 
early hour. The surrounding country 
is fertile, and, previous to the ravages 
committed by the Spaniards, was re- 
markably abundant. The site of the 
town isasmall plain, agreeably situated 
between the mountains. We found the 
Padre and the Alcaldes very obliging, 
although not friendly to the patriot 
cause until lately; but they have now 
seen their error and changed sides. 


The town, at the time of our passing © 


through, was afflicted with a malignant 
fever, productive of the most afflicting 


[Feb. 1, 


results among the inhabitants. The 
population is probably from three to 
four thousand, and the temperature a 
few degrees warmer than that of St. 
Anna. 
(To be completed in our next.) 
—>—_ 
For the Monthly Magazine. 
ACCOUNT of an OLD MAN of the Age of 
KING WILLIAM; by DR. SILLIMAN. 
WO miles from Whitehall, on the 
Salem road, to Albany, in the 
state of New York, lives HENRY 
FRANCISCO, a native of France, and of 
a place which he pronounced Essex. 
He believes himself to be one hundred. 
and tlirty-four years old, and the coun- 
try around believe him to be of this 
great age. When we arrived at his re- 
sidence, (a plain farmer’s house, not 
painted, rather out of repair, and much 
open to the wind,) he was up stairs, at 
his daily work, of spooling and winding 
yarn. This occupation is auxiliary to 
that of his wife, who is a weaver, and 
although more than eighty years old, 
she weaves six yards a day, and the old 
man can supply her with more yarn 
than she can weave. Supposing he 
must be very feeble, we offered to go up 
stairs to him, but he soon came down, 
walking somewhat stooping, and sup- 
ported bya staff, but with less apparent 
inconvenience than most persons exhi- 
bit at eighty-five or ninety, His sta- 
ture is of the middle size, and although 
his person is rather delicate and slender, 
he stoops but little, even when unsup- 
ported. His complexion is very fair 
and delicate, and his expression bright, 
cheerful, and intelligent; his featnres 
are handsome, and considering that 
they have endured through one-third 
part of a second century, they are regu- 
lar, comely, and wonderfully undisfi- 
gured by the hand of time; his eyes 
are of a lively blue; his profile is Gre- 
cian, and very fine; his head is com- 
pletely covered with the most beautiful 
and delicate white locks imaginable ; 
they are so long and abundant as to fall 
gracefully from the crown of his head, 
parting regularly from a central point, 
and reaching down to his shoulders ; 
his hair is perfectly snow white, except 
where it is thick in his neck; when 
parted there, it shews some few dark 
shades, the remnants of a former cen- 
tury. 

He still retains the front teeth of his 
upper jaw; his mouth is not fallen in, 
like that of old people generally, cam 

lis 


1822.] 


his lips, particularly, are like those of 
middle life ; his voice is stvong and sweet 
toned, although a little tremulous ; his 
hearing very little impaired, so that a 
voice of usual strength, with distinct ar- 
ticulation, enables him to understand ; 
his eye-sight is sufficient for his work, 
and he distinguishes large print, such 
as the title-page of the Bible, without 
glasses; his health is good, and has 
always been so, except that he has now 
a cough and expectoration. 

He informed us that his father, dri- 
ven out of France by religious persecu- 
tion, fled to Amsterdam ; by his account 
it must have been on account of the 
persecutions of the French protestants, 
or Huguenots, in the latter part of the 
reign of Louis XIV. At Amsterdam, 
his father married his mother, a Dutch 
woman, five years before he was born, 
and before that event returned with 
her into France. Wheu he was five years 
old, his father again fled on account of 
“de religion,”? as he expressed it, (for 
his language, although very intelligible 
English, is marked by French peculi- 
arities). He says he well remembers 
their flight, and that it was in the winter ; 
for he recollects, that as they were de- 
scending a hill which was covered with 
snow, he cried out to his father, “ O 
fader, do go back and get my little car- 
riole,”’ (a little boy’s sliding sledge, or 


sleigh) 

rptn these dates we are enabled to 
fix the time of his birth, provided he is 
correct in the main fact, for he says he 
was present at Queen Anne’s coronation, 
and was then sixteen years old, the 
31st day of May, old style. His father, 
as he asserts, after his return from 
Holland, had again been driven from 
France by persecution, and the second 
time took refuge in Holland, and after- 
wards in England, where he resided 
with his family at the time of the coro- 
nation of Queen Anne, in 1702. ‘This 
makes Francisco to have been born in 
1686; to have been expelled from 
France in 1691, and therefore to have 
completed his hundred and thirty-third 
gl on the 11th June, 1520; of course 

e was then more than three months ad- 
vanced in his hundred and thirty-fourth 
year. It is notorious, that about this 
time multitudes of French protestants 
fled on account of the persecutious of 
Louis XIV. resulting from the revoca- 
tion of the edict of Nantz, which occur- 
red Oct. 12, 1685, and, notwithstanding 
the guards upon the frontiers, and other 


An Old Man of the age of King William. 7 


measures of precaution or rigour, to 
prevent emigration, it is well known, 
that for many years, multitudes conti- 
nued to make their escape, and that thus 
Louis lost six hundred thopsand of his 
best and most useful subjects. Lasked 
Francisco if he saw Queen Anne crown- 
ed; he replied, with great animation, 
and with an elevated voice, “ Ah! dat 
I did, and a fine-looking woman she 
was, too, as any dat you will see now 
a-days.* 

He said he fought in all Queen Anne’s 
wars, and was at many battles, and 
under many commanders, but his me- 
mory fails, and he cannot remember 
their names, except the Duke of Marl- 
borough, who was one of them. 

He has been much cut up by wounds, 
which he shewe1l us, but cannot always 
give a very distinct account of his war 
fare. 

He came out, with his father, from 
England, to New York, probably early 
in the last century, but cannot remem- 
ber the date. 

He said, pathetically, when pressed 
for accounts of his military experience, 
* OQ, I was in all Queen Anne’s wars ; 
I was at Niagara, at Oswegc, on the 
Ohio (in Braddock’s defeat, in 1755, 
where he was wounded). I was carried 
prisoner to Quebec, (in the revolution- 
ary war, when he must have been at 
least ninety years old). I fight in all 
sorts of wars all my life; 1 see dreadful 
trouble; and den to have dem, we 
tought our friends turn tories ; and the 
British too, and fight against ourselves ; 
O, dat was de worst of all.” 

He here seemed much affected, and 
almost too full for utterance. It seems, 
that during the revolutionary war, he 
kept a tavern at Fort Edward; and he 
lamented, in a very animated manner, 
that the tories burnt his house and barn, 
and four hundred bushels of grain; this, 
his wife said, was the same year that 
Miss M‘Crea was murdered. 

He has had two wives, and twenty- 
one children; the youngest child is the 
daughter, in whose house he now lives, 
and she is fifty-two years old ; of course 
he was eighty-two when she was born ; 
they suppose several of the older chil- 
dren are still living, ata very advanced 
age, beyond the Ohio, but they have 
not heard of them in several years. 


* For an unlettered man, he has very few 
gallic peculiarities, and those the common 
ones, such asd for th, &e. 

The 


$ Ancient Customs. 


The family were neighbours to the fa- 
mily of Miss M‘Crea, and were acquaint- 
ed with the circumstances of her tragi- 
caldeath. They said, that the lover, 
Mr. Jones, at first, vowed vengeance 
against the Indians, but, on counting 
the cost, wisely gave it up. 

Henry Francisco has been, all his 
life,a very active and energetic, although 
not a stout-framed man. He was for- 
merly fond of spirits, and did, for a 
certain period, drink more than was 
proper, but that habit appears to have 
been long abandoned. 

In other respects he has been remark- 
ably abstemious, eating but little, and 
particularly, abstaining almost entirely 
from animal food; his favourite articles 
being tea, bread and butter, and baked 

les. His wife said, that after such 
a breakfast, he would go out and work 
till noon; then dine upon the same, if 
he could get it, and then take the same 
at night, and particularly, that he al- 
ways drank tea whenever he could ob- 
tain it, three cups at atime, three times 
a day. 

The old man manifested a good deal 
of feeling, and even of tenderness, which 
increased as we treated him with re- 
spect and kindness; he often shed 
tears, and particularly when, on coming 
away, we gave him money; he looked 
up to heaven, and fervently thanked 
God, but didnot thank us; he however 
pressed our hands very warmly, wept, 
and wished us every biessing, and ex- 
pressed something serious with respect 
to our meeting in the next world. He 
appeared to have religious impressions 
on his mind, notwithstanding his prett 
frequent exclaimations, when animated, 
of “Good God! O, my God!” which 
appeared, however, not to be used in 
levity, and were probably acquired in 
childhood. from the almost colloquial 
* Mon Dieu,” &e. of the French. The 
oldest people in the vicinity remember 
Francisco, as being always, from their 
earliest recollection, much older than 
themselves; and.a Mr. Fuller, who re- 
cently died here, between eighty and 
ninety years of age, thought Francisco 
was one hundred and forty. 

On the whole, although the evidence 
resis, in a degree, on his own credibility, 
still, as many things corroborate it, and 
as his character appears remarkably 
sincere, guileless, and affectionate, Iam 
inclined to believe that he is as old as 
he is stated to be. Heis really a most 
remarkable and interesting old man; 


[Feb. 1, 


there is nothing, either in his person or 
dress, of the negligence and squalidness 
of extreme age, especially when not in 
elevated circumstances; on the con- 
trary, he is agreeable and attractive, 
and were he dressed in a superior man- 
ner, and placed in a handsome and 
well-furnished apartment, he would be 
a most beautiful old man. 

Little could I have expected {o con- 
verse and shake hands with a man who 
has been a soldier in most of the wars 
of this country for one hundred years— 
who, more than a century ago, fought 
under Malborough, in the wars. of 
Queen Anne, and who, (already grown 
up to manhood,) saw her crowned one 
hundred and seventeen years since ; 
who, one hundred and twenty-eight 
years ago, aud in the century before the 
last, was driven from France by the 
proud, magnificent, and intolerant 
Louis XI1V., and who has lived a 
forly-fourth part of all the time that ° 
the human race have occupied this 
globe! 

What an interview! It is like seeing 
one come back from the dead, to relate 
the events of centuries, now swallowed 
up in the abyss of time! Except his 
cough, which, they told us, had not 
been of long standing, we saw nothing 
in Francisco’s appearance that might 
indicate a speedy dissolution, and he 
seemed to have suficient mental and 
bodily powers to endure for years yet 
to come. 

—p>——_ 
To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. 
SIR, 


OTWITHSTANDING the wisdom 

of Solomon, we continue to con- 

sider ancient practices as inventions. 

Salt was used auciently to assist in fat- 

tening cattle.—See Aristotle, t. 1, p. 

906. Edit Lutetie, 1619. He mentions 

the same elsewhere. Turnips were 

given to the cattle of the Gauls.—Colu- 
mella, lib. 2, c. 10. 

Bark was given in wine by the Ro- 
mans. — Preeterea cortices in vino, 
Pliny, lib. 20, c. 3. I do not say the 
Cortes was Peruvian. 

Swallowing swords was a juggler’s 
trick in Greece, forDemades mocked the 
Lacedemonian’s sword, saying, ‘‘Jug- 
glers could swallow them.” ‘Short 
as they are,”’ replied the Spartan, “ they 
can reach our enemies’ hearts,””—Plu- 
tarch Moralio, Edit. Basilez, 1574. 

SEMPER IDEM. 
For 


1822.] 
For the Monthly Magazine. 


The following Letier has been addressed 
to the Editor by an English gentleman at 
Madrid, to whom he transmitted some in- 
quiries relative to those renowned Spanish 
Patriots, whose names vibrate in the souls 
of all Freemen. It details various eir- 
cumstances hitherto unknown out of Spain, 


which cannot fail to interest the people 


of England. 


Madrid, Jan. 6, 1822. 


OU ask me for some account of the 
heroes of the Spanish Revolution. 
I have been just talking over its perils 
with some of the principal actors in its 
glories. I am now smoking a segar, 
given me by the warm-hearted Qu1- 
ROGA, and, under its inspiration, will 
try to satisfy your desires. 
How shall I begin? Shall I send you 
a portrait of each of these illustrious 
patriots? That I cannot do; but I 
will tell you what a beautiful Spanish 
lady said toa friend of mine, who asked 
for a description of RirGo. “His 
image is so deeply engraved here, 
(pressing her forehead with her hand,) 
that were I apainter, you should have 
his very counterpart. But it is not 
enough to be a painter: one must burn 
with the same sacred fire that is kin- 
_ dled in him. That fireis in my bosom. 
He isnot fair—no! but what does that 
matter? If he has not the beauty of 
form, he has all the beauty of generous 
passion, and that is better. His black 
eyes are always sparkling before me; 
busy, penetrating, enquiring ;—his vi- 
sage is of a pale brown; his lips ex- 
press the delicacy of his sentiments ; 
his hair is nearly black, but mixed 
with grey, though he has only seen 
thirty years to whiten it. His figure is 
of the middle size, but strikingly mar- 
tial. You would fix on him for a hero. 
The love of liberty is in him ever ob- 
vious and ever active; he is alive to all 
its vibrations. You inay read _ his 
thoughts and his affections. That 
gloom which hung upon the brow of 
Napoleon, and which served to cover 
the deep purposes of personal ambition, 
never clouds his countenance. He is 
too ardent to bury himself in long con- 
centrated thoughts. He is the soldier’s 
brother. A sergeant and a man from 
the ranks are always with him. He 
was made a prisoner in the war of in- 
dependence, and remained two years in 
France, where he cultivated his mind 
with continual study. He speaks 
French and Italian admirably, To- 
MonrTuiy MAG, No, 264. 


Letter from Madrid. ae \ 


*9 
wards me (she continued) his conduct 
has been a model of grace and polite- 
ness. When he arrived here, I could 
not separate myself from him, He 
knew that I loved one of the companions 
of his perils and his glories; and they 
say heisa lover. Thisannoys me; He 
will then devote himself to something 
besides his.country: he may then love 
something besides liberty! He should 
never marry; it would be infidelity to 
the nation. Is he not pledged to her ? 
And then—could other women love 
him ?” 

The part which Riego took. in, the 
movements of the Islade Leon—the se- 
ries of melancholy events which dis- 
persed his little band, and left him to 
wander in solitude and despair—are 
such as even now, when the dangers 
are passed and the victory is achieved, 
I can hardly think of without trembling. 
After several vain attempts to enter 
Cadiz, he left Quiroga in San Fernando, 
for the purpose of exciting the public 
feeling in different parts of Andalusia. 
His division consisted of 1500 men, 
with whom he marched upon Chiclana, 
whose authorities fled on his arrival. 
From thence he proceeded to Algesiras, 
in the hope that the friends of freedom 
in Gibraltar would facilitate his objects 
and provide for his wants. In some of 
the villages he was received with ec- 
stasy, inothers with alarm. At Alge- 
siras the people crowded to. welcome 
him, but refused to join his banners. 
The coldness of the Governor of Gi- 
braltar, and the interruption of all com- 
munication with that fortress, disap- 
pointed all his expectations. His troops 
wanted shoes, and horses, and money, 
Some supplies were furnished in the 
midst of immense difficulties by the 
zeal of his friends. In the mean time. 
O’ Donnell approached with the royalist 
army. Riegohad determined to attack 
them, when a letter from Quiroga was 
delivered to him, urging his immediate 
return. In the plains of Taibilla he 
was surrounded by a large body of the 
enemy’s cavalry. They were received 
with shouts of ‘“ Long live the Consti- 
tution !—long live our Country!’ and 
the ranks resounded with that song 
which I will here insert, for it has be- 
come the watch-word of the Constitu- 
tional party, and has been re-echoed a 
thousand and ten thousand times 
through the Peninsula, just like Ca Dra 
and the Marseillois in France. at the 
commencement of the French Revolu- 


tion. 
"B Soldados. 


*10 


Soldados, la patria 
Noi llama a la lid! 
Juremos por ella, 
Vencér 6 morir, 
Serenos, allegres, 
Valientes, osados, 
Cantemos soldados, 
El himno a la lid: 
Y a nuestras acentos 
El orbe se admire 
Y en vosotros mire 
Los hijos del Cid.—Soldados, §<. 
Blandemos el hierro 
Que el timido esclavo 
Del fuerte, del bravo 
La fan no ora ver. 
Sus huestes cuat humo 
Vereis disipadas ; 
Y A nuestras espadas 
Fugaces correr.—Soldados, ¢c. 
; El mundo vio nunca 
Mas noble osadia ?— 
; Lucié nunca un dia 
Mas grande en valor ? 
Que aquel que inflamados. 
Nos vimos el fuego 
Que excitara en Riego 
De patria el amor ?—Soldados, ¢c. 
Honor al candilto! 
Honor al primero, 
. Que el patriota acero 
Oré fulminar. 
La patria afligida 
Oyé sus acentos, 
Y vié sus tormentos 
En gono tornar,—Soldados, 4c. 
Su voz fue seguida! 
Su voz fue escuchada? 
Tuvimos en nada 
Soldados, morirs. 
Y orados quisimos 
Romper la cadena 
Que de apenta llena 
Del bravo el vivir.—Soldados, &c. 
Rompimosla, amigos, 
Que el vil que la lleva 
Ensano se atreva 
En frente mostrar. 
Nosotros, ya libres 
En hombres tomados 
Sabremos, soldados. 
En audacia humillar—Soldados, ¢c. 
Alarma ya tocan, 
> Las annas tan solo 
* El crimen, el dolo 
Sabran abatir. 
Que tremblen, que tremblen, 
Que tremble el malvado, 
Al ver del soldado 
La lanza esgrimir.—Soldados, $c. 
La Trompa guerrera 
Un ecos de al viento 
De horrores sediento 
Ya muge el canon: 
Ya Marti sanudo 
La audacia provoca, 
Y el genio se invoca 
De nuestra nacion.— Soldados, $e. 


Spanish Song of Liberty. 


[Feb. 1. 


Soldiers! soldiers! hear 
Your country’s earnest cry !— 
Soldiers! soldiers ! swear 
To conquer or to die! 
Valiant, daring, strong, 
And serene as gay: 
Be our song to-day, 
Victory’s glowing song. 
Worlds are listening now, 
Children of the Cid— > 
His proud fame, though hid, 
Shall revive in you.—Soldiers, §c. 
Wave the glorious steel ; 
Let the trembling slave, 
Of the strong, the brave, 
All the triumphs feel. 
As the mists disperse, 
Shall their squadrons fly ; 
Shouts of liberty 
Fill the universe.—Soldiers, &c. 
What a glorious day, 
Full of light and bliss— 
O, how bright a ray 
Freedom sheds on this ! 
When Riego first 
Joined our patriot-hands, 
And the freezing bands 
Of dull slavery burst.—Soldiers, ¢e. 
Honor on his brow! 
Honor, praise be pour’d— 
Who the patriot’s sword 
Dares to brandish now. 
Long our country’s eye 
Has been veil’d in tears— 
Now the smile of joy 
On her cheeks appears.—Soldiers, &c. 
We have heard her call ! 
Could she speak in vain ? 
We have sworn for Spain— 
Sworn—to perish all. 
No !—these eyes shall see 
Every fetter broke— 
Rescued from the yoke, 
Spain shall yet be free.—Soldiers, 4c. 
See, our fetters fall— 
And the slaves whose will 
Wears those fetters still. 
Shall our ranks appal ! 
Free—to freedom true, 
We assume again 
All the strength of men ;— 
Slaves are cowards too.—Soldters, 
Hear ! the trumpet ! hear! 
Shame and slavery. 
They may fear to die— 
What have we to fear ! 
While the patriot file 
Moves serenely on, 
Doubt and danger frown 
On the mean—the vile.—Soldiers, &c. 
Lo! the joyous breeze 
Martial music brings : 
Cannon’s thunderings 
Shout your victories. 
Mars has called you his ; 
Spain was ever brave :— 
Who would bea slave 
In an hour like this!—Soldiers, ¥c. 


1822.] 


Se nuestran, volemos 
Volemos, soldados 
i Los veis aterrados 
Ni prente baxar ? 
Volemos, que el libre 
Por siempre ha sabido 
Del siervo vendido 
La audacia humellar.—Soldados, Sc. 

They reached Cordoba;—there were 
only 300 left, and were received in me- 
Jancholy silence by the inhabitants, 
who only saw so many victims marked 
out for certain signal sacrifice. They 
sought again the hilly parts of the pro- 
vince. The days were dark and rainy ; 
the roads almost impassable; the enemy 
always at hand. A little band, too 
few for mutual defence, and unavailing, 
of course, for attack,—a little band 
reached Bienvenida; and one of its 
commanders, Evaresto de San Migues, 
speaks of its dispersion in the following 
affecting terms :— 

“Our remaining united now served 
only to expose us to the irresistible at- 
tacks of theenemy. Wehad no breath- 
ing time—we had no repose. We were 
driven to the hard necessity of separa- 
ting, and this was determined on at a 
council of all the officers who were left. 
Tender and sad was this parting! We 
had made costly sacrifices to our coun- 
try—our only reward was then the 
prospect of passing the rest of our days 
in exile !”’ 

But the progress of the revolution in 
the rest of Spain is well known to you. 
Province afier province threw off the 
yoke. The troops sent against Quiroga 
proclaimed the Constitution, and de- 
manded to be united to those of the 
Isla. to combat for the holy cause. Ma- 
drid was in commotion—the king’s 
life was threatened: he, before whom 
millions had bowed in abject servility, 
was left without one faithful counsellor, 
or one devoied friend. Such is the 
fate of despots, when the mists of delu- 
sion and of falsehood are blown away 
by the presence of truth and honesty! 
How id the patriots punish the ty- 
ranny and perfidy of the king—the in- 
justice and the cruelty of his agents? 
Hundreds came forth from damp and 
dismal dungeons, from long and mourn- 

_ful exile, to which they had been most 
unjustly condemned ; and how did they 
treat their oppressors? They forgave 
—once and again—they forgave! If 
their generous charity should be re- 
warded, as it is feared it is about to be 
rewarded, by new acts of perfidy on the 
part of the monarch and the reptiles 
that surround him, who can answer for 
human endurance? Not I! 

_The despotism of Ferdinand VII. 


Riego—Porlier—Quiroga. 


*)] 


Look—the enemy— 

Steady as arock 

To the battle’s shock,— 

Look—they faint—they fly. 

Can aservile crew, 

Bought by tyrants’ gold, 

E’er withstand the bold, 

Freedom led—as you.—Soldiers, §c. 
was untempered by any thing which 
could make it tolerable; it had no 
splendor like that of Napoleon; it had 
no external influence like that of Alex- 
ander; it had no national pride in it 
like that of Charles III. ; it was naked 
and unadorned; it had the clamorous 
impotence of decrepity, and the silly 
waywardness of childhood; it com- 
manded no respect; it conciliated no 
affections. 

I knew PorLIER. His death might 
serve as a model for a dying patriot ;- 
it was solemn—it was noble—it was _ 
worthy of the worthiest! Every thing 
which cruelty could invent to aggravate 
—every thing which malignity could 
imagine to degrade, accompanied his 
execution. His remains were buried on 
the sea-shore, and ona day wheu the 
roar of the waves, and the chorus of the 
winds, were most magnificent. I wan- 
dered along the sands to visit “ the 
place of his yest.” Poor triumph of. 
baffled hatred—Could Porlier have de- 
sired a sublimer sepulchre? Nor were 
my thoughts unaffected by the awful 
and well-suited inscription over the 
gate of the cemetery before which I had 
just passed : 

‘¢ El termino de la vida es lo que veis !— 
“ El dela muerte sera segun obreis.” 


QuIROGA has a martial air; he is in ~ 
the prime of life; somewhat above the 
middle stature, with a pleasing, some- 
times even fascinating, expression of 
countenance. But I shall secure my 
sketch from severe criticism—you will 
judge of him yourself, for he is about 
to visit England. He was, as you 
know, the commander-in-chief of the 
liberating army. Neither he, nor any 
of his compeers had obtained any con- 
siderable distinctions, nor had been 
much known before the great events of 
the Isla de Leon.- It is a strange fact 
that those who had failed in various 
attempts to rescue Spain, were most of 
them men of signal reputation; Mina, 
whose whole public life is one of chi- 
valry; Porlier; Abisbal; Lacy; while 
those who succeeded in the perilous en- 
terprize were men, till then, obscure 
and unnoticed. Argo Aguéro’s talents, 
as an officer of engineers, were distin- 
guished. Lopez Bano, and, indeed, 

all the rest, had served bravely and 
honourably in the Peninsular war. 
: They 


*12 


They had every one of them been en- 
aged in Abisbal’s plot: if tyranny 
ad trampled them under foot; con- 

tempt and scorn would have been pour- 
ed upon their zgnoble heads ;—your 
worldly-wise ones—your servile. slavish 
creatures—would have called them re- 
bels and traitors—and have linked their 
names to shame and infamy; but the 
bright and glorious success of the few 
heroes who triumph may repay us for 
the disappointments of the many who 
are bafiled in their struggle for national 
liberty. 

Quiroga was well aware of the perils 
of the task he had undertaken. He 
told me that he had determined, how- 
ever, never to fall alive into the hands 
of his enemies; he always sleeps with 
a pair of loaded pistols under his pil- 
low, and in case of surprise he had 
vowed that he would destroy himself 
and his wife; (then in an advanced 
state of pregnancy,) “That nothing,” 
he added, “ of me or mine might wit- 
ness the horrors they have prepared for 
me.” His-wife is of an English de- 
scent; and during the events of the 
Isla his only child, a daughter, whom 
he called Victoria, was born. ‘ TI pass- 
ed,” he said, “‘ many moments of doubt 
and of agony.” —“ And which were the 
bitterest moments?” I enquired. “The 
first when we attacked the Isla; for I 
knew, that if it were defended bravely, 
we never could succeed against it: the 
second, when Riego left me with his «i- 
vision: the third, when I knew that 
his troops were dispersed, and that he, 
a fugitive, was wandering alone among 
the mountains.” And let it be owned, 
the heart must have been made of stern 
and solid stuff which would bear its 
noble projects onward amidst a series 
of events like these. 

But it has been remarked of Spa- 
niards, and it has been we’l remarked, 
that they never calculate difficulties-— 
they conquer them. Their »o importa 
—it does not matter,,—leads them 
through every perplexity. When Mina 
made his unsuccessful attack on Pam- 
~ peluna,Spaniards were not disheartened 

—“ Noimporta, Spain wil] be free.’”— 
When Porlier was hanged—when Lacy 
was shof, the answer to all one’s sym- 

‘ pathizing regrets was, “ No “importa, 
Spain will be free ;’ and when, in the 
enthusiasm of joy and congratulation, 
you hail their deliverance, the reply is 
ready, ‘I told you before that all 
which happened no importa, and Spain 
és free.” 

The plot which was carried on to its 
fall pis aps ae by Quiroga had 
been cherished and conducted by ABIs- 


Present Prospects of Spain. 


'[Feb. 1, 


BAL, whose conduct throughout has 
been mysterious and irreconcileable. 
It was he who had fostered the spirit of 
opposition in 1819; it was he who ar- 
rested Quiroga, Arco, Agnéro, and 
their fellow officers, amidst cries of 
“ Long live the King ;” and it was he 
who consummated the revolution by 
proclaiming the constitution at Ocana, 
in 1820. All parties lhe had seemed to 
serve—all parties he had seemed to be- 


-tray. Allhave forgotten services whose 


sincerity was, at the least, doubtful; 
and Abisbal, who might have become 
the most illustrious character in Spain, 
has sunk into obscurity—not to say, 
disgrace. 

Every sort of national honour which 
cen be gratifying to the pride or the 
patriotism of the heroes of the Isla de 
Leon has been conferred on them by 
their grateful country. One of them 
is already no more. Arco Aguéro was 
lately killed by a fall from his horse in 
the midst of his youth and of his glory. 
Riego has been of late the object of 
the attacks and persecutions of a proud | 
and selfish faction—but Riego is the 
object’ of the idolatry of his fellow- 
citizens. ; 

Is the liberty of Spain secure 2—Is 
it secure if the holy alliance should 
presume to meddle with it? Yes! then 
you may answer for its security. An 
attack from without would unite all 
parties—would blend all hearts—would 
conciliate all doubts,and remove all dif- 
ficulties. Spain, too, has a thousand 
splendid recollections, all reposing 
in her former freedom—the army is 
bound by every sentiment of honour 
and every pledge of truth to its sup- 
port; the national militia isan institu- ~ 
tion admirably popular and constitu- 
tional; the patriotic Souches spread 
over the peninsula, engaged in active 
correspondence and influenced by ever- 
watchful zeal; the universal press, 
whose power is daily extending; the 
mass of influential and enlightened ci- 
tizens; the excitement of national 
pride and dignity---these are securities 
which cannot be shaken. 

“ Ste erat in fatis” was the cry when 
the first stone was laid of the Constitu- 
tional column. Jt is a proud monu- 
ment!—It will stand though in the 
midst of clouds and storms!—The best 
and noblest blood of Spain has been 
spilt to cement it!—It is adorned by 
the laurels of victory ! — “ National 
sovereignty’ is the proud inscription 
that surrounds it!—Valour and Devo- 
tion stand armed for its protection !— 
Let us not fear—that column is eternal ! 

B. 


1822] 


For the Monthly Magazine. 
SECOND EXTRACT of @ LETTER from 
an ENGLISH OFFICER, now in the 

PERSIAN SERVICE. 

Suttlemeech, Persia, 16th Jan. 1821. 
MY DEAR FRIEND, 
ee mouths have elapsed since 
I had the pleasure of addressing 
you; during which time I have tra- 
velled nineteen hundred miles on 
horseback, and have witnessed a suc- 
cession of men, manners, and countries, 
alike new, and highly interesting toa 
stranger. 

My last was dated from Constanti- 
nople, which city I left on the 14th of 
June, incompany witha Tartarattached 
to the British embassy. On the follow- 
ing day I arrived at Ismia, the ancient 
Nicomedia, and while our horses were 
getling ready, I paid a visit to the tomb 
of Hannibal, whose bones were interred 

_in this town. 

We proceeded, travelling all night, 
and during most of the day, (for we 
only halted four hours, while the in- 
tense heat lasted) until we reached 
Boti, the Hadrianapolis of the ancients ; 
here I indulged myself in the luxury 
of a vapour bath, and was much re- 
freshed by its effects. Our next stage 
was among the beautiful mountains of 
Wamamley, and I received here such 
polite attentions from the Turkish 
adi, that I have since sent hima pre- 
sent of a Persian Schawl worth about 
fen pounds sterling. When the Tartar 
reported to him that au English tra- 
veller had arrived, he came immedi- 
ately to the post-house, insisted on my 
accompanying him tohis own residence, 
and treated me iu the kindest and most 
patriarchal manner. le had served 
with Sir Ralph Abercromby, in Egypt, 
‘and spoke of the dead hero in the 
warmest terms of admiration and re- 
spect. On leaving Ilamamley, he sent 
a load of honey, cheese, crisp bread, 
(baked in a frying pan) and fruits of 
every description, as far as one hundred 
miles on the road, and gave me a letter 
of recommendation to a newly made 
Pasha, requesting him to shew me every 
civility,and to render me any service in 
his power. Departing from this place, I 
passed through Carajela, Hajiahamas- 
san, Osmanjick and Marsovan. [arrived 
on the: 27th of June, at Asnassia, cele- 
brated as the birth-place of the geo- 
grapher Strabo. ‘The fruits in this 
part of the country are delicious be- 
yond conception: the peach—the fig — 

Monvu.Ly MAG, No. 364, 


Original Letters from Turkey. 9 


the apricot—the pomegranate, and the 
Kishmish grape, were at this time in 
their highest perfection. The next 
large town is Tochat, or Toukaut. 
So far my journey, however fatiguing, 
was at least uninterrupted ; but about 
two hours after we had left the town 
last mentioned, we met with a couple 
of Tartars in full retreat from a party 
of robbers, amounting to nearly fifty, 
which formed the van guard of a strong 
body of them posted in the hills. Thus 
warned of our danger, we regained our 
station at Toukaut, and waited on the 
governor with the intelligence; the 
problem, however, was soon solved, 
for a large caravan appeared in the 
morning, consisting nearly of one hun- 
dred camels, and men and horses in 
proportion. The robbers had received 
due notice of their approach, but had 
imprudently shewn themselves previ- 
ous to the proper time for commencing 
their meditated grand attack. On the 
true state of the case being ascertained, 
the Tartar exhibited our imperial fir- 
man, demanding a guard for me and 
himself in the name of Sultan Mah- 
moud; aud on the arrival of the prin- 
cipal person of the caravan, we agreed 
to join our guard to their body, on con- 
dition that they paid all incidental 
expences, which terms were promptly 
accepted. The following day we pro- 
ceeded on our route, attended by one 
hundred and fifty Janizaries, horse and 
foot; I- was mounted on one of the 
governor’s horses, which a guard after- 
wards took back aud returned to him. 

We now travelled only by day, and 
consequently found the heat truly op- 
pressive. An hour before sua-set we 
pitched our tents and lighted onr fires : 
the scene of our encampment was ro- 
mantic in the extreme; the camels 
resting under their loads, and the 
groups of turbans collected round the 
different fires, strongly brought to my 
remembrance the Arabian Nights’ En- 
tertainments; we only wanted the Ca- 
liph, Warovm Al-rashid, his grand 
vizier, and the chief of the eunuchs, to 
complete the picture. 

In this manner, for eleven days, we 
proceeded until we arrived at the city 
of Erzeraam, to whose Pasha the letter 
of my friend, the Cadi of Hamamley, 
was directed. 

From Constantinople to this place, 
the country exhibits one continued 
garden, agreeably interspersed with 
mountain and valley. It is Mi 

Cc by 


10 


by noble streams and adorned by nu- 
merous cities most delightfully situated ; 
but from Erzerum to the frontiers of 


Persia, it is wild and uncultivated. 
——a——— 


NEWS FROM PARNASSUS. 
No. XIV. 
Sardanapalus, a Tragedy; the Two 

Foscari, u Tragedy ; Cain, a Mystery. 
By the RIGHT HON. LORD BYRON. 
1 our strictures upon “ the Doge of 

Venice,” the first regular tragedy 
published by the noble author, we ex- 
pressed our opinion that this was not 
the class of composition in which his 
talents were likely to be exerted with 
success. Weare confirmed in our sen- 
timents by the present productions. 
There is, in his genius, much force, 
but no variety; and the drama, above 
every other species of composition. de- 
mands an intellect capable of entering 
into every diversity of passion and of 
character. Perhaps the noble lord may 
be pre-determined to overcome, by ob- 
stinate perseverance, the difficulties 
which nature has thrown in his way ; 
but we should strongly recommend 
to him to give up the contest, and to 
pursue those paths which he can tra- 
verse with much more ease to himself, 
and far greater satisfaction to lis read- 
ers. In estimating the three works 
before us, we have no hesitation in 
giving the preference, in point of poeti- 
cal merit and effect, to the “ Mystery of 
Cain,”’ which we shall accordingly select 
as the principal object of our remarks. 
The unity of passion and simplicity of 
action inseparable from the subject 
render this drama particularly suitable 
to the powers of the writer, and we find 
that he has treated it with a correspond- 
ing degree of vigour and effect. 

It might have been safely prognosti- 
cated that Lord Byron, after the outcry 
raised against the morality of DonJuan, 
could not lay his hand upon a sacred 
subject without exciting the horror of 
certain scrupulous critics, who have ac- 
cordingly professed themselves thun- 
derstruck with the impiety and blas- 
phemy of the “‘ Mystery of Cain.’? Such 
an accusation is sheer nonsense; and 
it deserves no other reply. The work 
is not free, to be sure, from allusions to 
questions of the greatest difficulty and 
moment; but when a poet, in the per- 
son of Cain or Lucifer, adverts to the 
old puzzles of necessity and free-will, 
the origin of evil, and other venerable 
and inevitable dilemmas, it is ridicu- 


News from Parnassus...No. XIV. 


| Feb. 1, 


lous to assume an inquisitorial tone, 
and to convert a few passages of a spe- 
culative metaphysical character, into a 
serious charge of blasphemy and irre- 
ligion. 

The Mystery opens, and exhibits 
Adam, with his whole family, in the act 
of offering up their morning supplica- 
tions. After each individual has atter- 
eda prayer, except Cain, Adam turns 
to him and enquires— 


Son Cain, my first-born, wherefore art 
thou silent ? 

Cain. Why should I speak ? 

Adam. To pray. 

Cain. Have ye not pray’d ? 

Adam. We have, most fervently. 

Cain. And loudly—I have heard you. 

Adam. So will God, I trust. 

Abel. Amen, 

Adam. But thou, my eldest-born, art 
silent still. 

Cain. Tis better I should be so, 

Adam, Wherefore so? 

Cain. } have nought to ask. 

Adam. Nor aught to thank for? 

Cain. No. 

Adam. Dost thou not live? 

Cain. Must I not die? 

Eve. Alas! 

The fruit of our forbidden tree begins 
To fall. 

This passage affords a key to the 
temper and frame of mind of Cain 
throughout the piece. He disdains the 
limited existence allotted to him; he 
has a rooted horror of death, attended 
with a vehement curiosity as to his na- 
ture, and he nourishes a sullen anger 
against his parents, to whose miseon- 
duct he ascribes his degraded state. 
Added to this, he has an insatiable thirst 
for knowledge beyond the bounds 
prescribed to mortality, and this part of 
the poem bears a strong resemblance 
to Manfred, whose counterpart, indeed, 
in the main points of character, Cain 
seems tobe. He continues intractable, 
and desires to be left alone. 


And this is 
Toil! and wherefore should I toil * 
because 
My father could not keep his place in Eden. 
What had I done in this ?—I was unborn, 
I sought not to be born ; nor love the state 
To which that birth has brought me—Why 
did he 
Yield to the serpent and the woman? or, 
aa why suffer? What was there in 
this ? 
The tree was planted, and why not for him? 
Ifnot, why place it near him, where he grew, 
The fairest in the centre? They have but 
One ~ 


Life ! 


1822. 


One answer to all questions, “”Twas His 
will, 

And He is good”—how know I that ? 
cause 

He is all-powerful,—must_ all-good, too, 
follow ? 

J judge but by the fruits, and they are bitter, 

Which I must feed on; for a fault not mine. 

Whom have wehere? A shape like to the 
angels, 

Yet of a sterner and a sadder aspect 

Ofspiritual essence Sorrow seems 

Half of his immortality. And is it 

So? And can aught grieve save humanity? 

He cometh. 

Lucifer now enters cn the stage, and 
if we allow that he is a different and 
inferior personage to the Satan of Mil- 
ton, itis a concession which, we have no 
doubt, would be made as readily by the 
author as by ourselves. The Satan of 
Paradise Lost has still a tinge of hea- 
ven; his passions are high and heroic, 
and his motion is vast and solemn. 
Those of Lord Byron’s spirit are less 
dignified and more abrupt, but charged 
as intensely with fierce and bitter 
spleen. The one seems not unworthy 
to haunt'the solitudes of Eden; the other 
sppears to have no little knowledge of 
the world, and to be most at home in 
the busy walks of men. After some 
conversation, Cain propounds an en- 
quiry as to his future state. 

Lucifer. \t may be thou shalt be as we. 

Cain. And ye? 

Lucifer. Ave everlasting. 

Cain. Are ye happy ? 

Lucifer. We are mighty. 

Cain. Are ye happy? 

Lucifer. No—art thou? 

Cain. How should I beso? Look on me! 

Lucifer. Poor clay! 

And thou pretendest to be wretched !— 
Thou! 

Cain. I am: and thou, with all thy 
might, what art thou ? 

Lucifer. One who aspired to be’ what 

made thee, and 
Would not have made thee what thou art. 
Cain. Ah! 
Thou look’st almost a god, and— 

Lucifer. 1am none ; 

And having failed to be one, would be 
nought 

Save what 1 qm-—Be ‘conquer’d: let him 
reign ! 

Cain. Who? 

Lucifer. Thy sire’s Maker, and the 

earth’s. 

Cain. And heaven's, 

And all that in them is? So have I heard 
His seraphs sing: and so my father saith. 
Lucifer. They say, what they must sing 
and say, on pain 
Of being that which I am—and thou art— 


Be- 


Cain, a Mystery, by the Right Hon. Lord Byron. 


ld 


Of spirits and of men. 
Cain. What is that ? 
Lucifer. Souls who dare use their im- 
mortality— 
Souls who dare look the Omnipotent tyrant 
in 
His everlasting face, and tell him that 
His evil is not good !—If He has made, 
As He saith—which I know not, nor believe. 
But if He made us, He cannot unmake: 
We areimmortal! Nay, He’d have us so 
That Hemay torture. Lethim! Heis great, 
But in his greatness is no happier than 
We in our conflict. Goodness would not 
make 
Evil; and what else hath He made? 
let him 
Sit on his vast and solitary throne, 
Creating worlds, to make eternity 
Less burthensome to his immense existence 
And unparticipated solitude. 
Let him crowd orb on orb: He is alone 
Indefinite, indissoluble Tyrant ! 
Could He but crush himself, ’twere the best 
boon 
He ever granted: but let him reign on, 
And multiply himself in misery ! 
Spirits and men, at least we sympathize : 
Aud, suffering in concert, make our pangs 
Innumerable, more endurable, 
By the unbounded sympathy of all— 
With all. But He, so wretched in his 
height, 
So restless in his wretchedness, must still 
Create and recreate. 
Cain. Thou speak’st to me of things 
which long have swum 
In visions thro’ my thought. I never could 
Reconcile what I saw with what I heard— 
Never till 
Now, met I aught to sympathize with me. 
Tis well—I rather would consort with 
spirits. 

Lucifer undertakes to ee the 
curiosity of Cain, by unfolding to him 
the secrets of other worlds, and is about 
to carry him off, when Adah, the sister- 
bride of Cain, enters, and expostulates, 
beseeching him not to walk with that 
spirit. 

Adah..Oh, Cain! 

This spirit curseth us! 

Cain. Let him say on ; 
Him will I follow. 

Adah. Whither? 

Lucifer. To a place 
Whence he shall come back to thee in an 

hour, 
But in that hour see things of many days! 

Cain confides in the safe conduct of 
the demon, and is wafted at once into 
the abyss of space, where he surveys the 
endless succession of worlds, and breaks. 
forth in admiration : 

Oh! thou beautiful: 
And unimagiuable ether! and ~ 
6 


But 


12 


Ye multiplying masses of increased 
And still increasing lights ! What are ye? 
What 
Is this blue wilderness of interminable 
Air, where ye roll along, as I have seen 
The leaves along the limpid streams of 
Eden ? 
Is your course measured for you—or do ye 
Sweep on in your unbounded revelry 
Thro’ an aérial universe of endless 
Expansion, at which my soul aches to think, 
Intoxicated with eternity ? 
Oh God! OhGods! or whatsoe’er ye are ! 
How beautiful ye are! How beautiful 
Your works, or accidents, or whatsoe’er 
They may be.—Let me die, as atoms die, 
(If that they die) or know ye in your might 
And knowledge. My thoughts are not in 
this hour 
Unworthy what I see, tho’ my dust is ; 
Spirit ! let me expire, or see them nearer. 
After this display of the infinitude of 
Being, Cain desires to be initiated into 
the mysteries of death. 
Lucifer. What, if I shew to thee things 
which have died, 
As I have shewn thee much which cannot 
die. 
Cain. Do so. 
Lucifer. Away, then! on our mighty 
wings. 
Cain. Oh! how we cleave the blue! 
In the succeeding scene, we are car- 
ried into the shadows of Hades : 
Interminable gloomy realms 
Of swimming shadows and enormous 
shapes, 
Some fully shewn, some indistinct, and all 
Mighty and melancholy. 
These are the phantoms of the pre-ex- 
istent inhabitants of the elder world, 
who had, in their season, been, 
Living, high, 
Intelligent, good, great and glorious things. 
Besides these ghosts of a higher na- 
ture, there are some departed spirits 
which we should hardly have looked 
for, amongst which are gigantic appari- 
tions of mammoths, with tusks like 
trees ; the sou! of a sea-snake, with head 
“ten times higher than the haughtiest 
cedar,’ apparently the progenitor of 
that which has lately infested the At- 
lantic ; and, above all, “ the phantasm 
of an ocean”’ itself, which, Cain saga- 
ciously remarks, “ looks like water’??— 
in which the ‘ past Leviathans” are 
disporting themselves. This exhibition 
seems well calculated to answer Luci- 
fer’s purpose in confounding Cain’s un- 
derstanding; and, accordingly, when 
he thinks the mystification has been 
carried far enough, he returns, as it 
were, to business, and touches the right 
string. 


News from Parnassus...No. XIV. 


|Feb. 1, 


Lucifer. And thy brother— 
Sits he not near thy heart ? 

Cain. Why should he not? 

Lucifer. Thy father loves him well-—so 

does thy God. 

Cain. Andso do I, 

Lucifer. "Tis well and meekly done. 

Cain. Meekly ! 

Lucifer. He is the second-born of flesh, 
And is his mother’s favourite. 

Cain. Let him keep 
Her fayour, since the Serpent was the first 
To win it. 

Lucifer. And his father’s. 

Cain. What is that 


Tome? Should [ not love that which al? 
love? 
Lucifer. And the Jehovah—the indut- 
gent Lord, 


And bounteous planter of lost Paradise— 
He, too, looks smilingly on Abel. 

Cain. I 
Ne’er sawhim, and I knownot if He smiles. 

Lucifer. But you have seen his angels. 

Cain. Rarely. 

Lucifer. But 
Sufficiently to see they love your brother ; 
His sacrifices are acceptable. 

Cain. So be they. Wherefore speak to 

me of this? 

Lucifer. Because thou hast thought of 

this ere now. 

Cain. And if 
Ihave thought, why recall a thought [He 

pauses, as agitated.| Spirit! 
Here we are in thy world; speak not of 
mine ! 

Pursuing his object, Cain would pe- 
netrate to the very origin of things—the 
great double Mysteries—the two Prin- 
ciples—at the risk of instant destruc- 
tion, but is told by Lucifer that Death 
only can open the gates to this know- 
ledge; on which Cain is somewhat re- 
conciled to that agent, but complains 
that, after all, he is not much enlight- 
ened by his journey, and high words 
follow. The pride of the King of Hell 
is finely displayed. 

Cain. Haughty Spirit ! 

Thou speak’st it proudly, but thyself, tho” 
proud, 
Hast a superior ! 

Lucifer. No! by heaven, which He 
Holds, and the abyss, and the immensity 
Of worlds and life, which I hold with him, 

—No! 
Ihave a victor—true ; but no superior :— 
Homage he has from all, but none from me. 
I battle it against him, as I battled 
In highest heaven. Through all Eternity, 
In the unfathomable gulphs of Hades, 
And in the interminable realms of space, 
And the infinity of endless ages, 
All, all, will I dispute! And world by 

world, 

And 


1822.]. 


And¥star by star, and universe by universe 
Shafl tremble in the balance, till the great 
Conflict shall cease, if ever it shall cease, 
Which it ne’er shall, till he or 1be quench’d! 
And what can quench our immortality, 
Or mutual and irrevocable hate? 

Weare now about to be relieved from 
the dangerous sophistry and impious 
acclamations of Satan, the effects of 
which, however fatal they proved to 
Cain, we do not much apprehend on the 
mind of a sober reader. The church is 
in no danger from these. With some 
words of diabolical advice from his in- 
structor, Cain is returned to-the face of 
the earth, and the second act concludes. 

The opening of the third and last act 
presents a scene of tenderness and 
beauty, powerfully contrasted with the 
horrors of its close. Cain and Adah 
stand over their little Enoch, who sleeps 
beneath a cypress. The restless and 
unhappy spirit of the father mourns 
over his innocent boy. 

; Sleep on 

And smile, thou little, young inheritor 

Of a world scarce less young—sleep on, 
and smile— 

Thine are the hours and days when both 
are cheering, 

And innocent! thou hast not pluck’d the 
fruit— 

Thou know’st not thou art naked! 

the time 

Come thou shalt be amerced for sins un- 
known, 

Which were not thine nor mine? But now 
sleep on. 

His cheeks arereddening into deeper smiles, 

And shining lids are trembling o’er his long 

Lashes, dark as the cypress which waves 
o’er them, 

Half open, from beneath them the clear blue 


Must 


Laughs out, altho’ in slumber. He must 
_> dream— 
Of what? Of Paradise! Ay! dream of it, 


My disinterested boy! Tis buta dream; 
For never more thyself, thy sons, nor 
fathers 
Shall walk in that forbidden place of joy. 
The dark discontent of the father’s 
temper gives additional effect to these 
beautiful touches of natural affection. 
The proud spirit, which nothing else 
can tranquillize, is melted into tender- 
ness by the presence of the lovely in- 
fant. Whilst the parents converse near 
him, the child opens his eyes upon his 
mother, who joyfully exclaims— 
Soft! he awakes! swect Enoch ! 
Oh Cain! look on him ; see how full of life, 
Of strength, of bloom, of beauty and of joy; 
How like to me—how like to thee, when 
gentle, 
For then we are all alike ; is’t not so, Cain? 


Cain, a Mystery, by the Right Hon. Lord Byron. 


13 

Mother, and sire, and son, our features are 

Reflected in each other ; as they are 

In the clear waters, when they are gentle; 
and 

When thou art gentle. 
Cain! 

And love thyself for our sakes, for we love 
thee— 

Look ! how he laughs and stretches forth 
his arms, 

And opens wide his blue eyes upon thine, 

To hail his father; while his little form 

Flutters as wing’d with joy. Talk net of 

ain ! 

The childless cherubs well might envy thee 

The pleasures of a parent! Bless him, Cain! 

As yet he hath no words to thank thee, but 

His heart will, and thine own, too. 

Cain. Bless, thee, boy ! 
If that a mortal blessing may ayail thee, 
To save thee from the serpent’s curse. 


Love us, then, my 


Adah then departs with her child, 
and the catastrophe approaches. Abel 
enters, and beseeches his brother to join 
him in sacrificing to Jehovah. Cain 
excuses himself, but, soothed by his 
brother’s affectionate entreaties, con- 
sents to choose one of two altars erected 
by Abel. The latter offers up a first- 
ling of the flock and the fat thereof ; 
and addresses a humble prayer. Cain 
gathers a few fruits, and, standing erect, 
accompanies his sacrifice with a very 
sullen and stubborn remonstrance. 


Spirit! whate’er or wheresoe’er thou art, 

Omnipotent it may be—and, if good, 

Shown in the exemption of thy deeds from 
evil, 

Jehovah upon earth, and God in heaven ! 

And it may be with other names, because 

Thine attributes seem many, as thy works : 

If thou must be propitiated with prayers, 

Take them! If thou must be induced with 
altars, 

And soften’d with asacrifice, receive them! 

Two beings here erect them unto thee. 

If thou loy’st blood, the shepherd’s shrine, 

which smokes 

On my right hand, hath shed it for thy 
service 

In the first of his flock, whose limbs now 
reek 

In sanguinary incense to thy skies. 

Or if the sweet and blooming fruits of earth 

And milder seasons, which the unstain’d 
turf 

I spread them on, now offers in the face 

Of the broad sun which ripen’d them may 
seem 

Good to thee, inasmuch as they have not 

Suffer’d in limb or life, and rather form 

A sample of thy works, than supplication 

To lookon ours! If ashrine without victim 

Andaltar without gore, may win thy favour, 

Look on it! And for him who dresseth ae 

e 


i4 


He is—such as thou mad’st him; and seeks 


nothing 

Which must be won by kneeling. If he’s 
evil 

Strike him! Thou art omnipotent, and 


mayst— 
For what can he oppose. If he be good, 
Strike him or spare him, as thou wilt, since 
all 
Rests upon thee, and good and evil seem 
Tohave no power themselves, but in thy 
will ; 
And whether that be good or ill I know not, 
Not being omnipotent, nor fit to judge 
Omnipotence, but merely to endure 
Its mandate, which thus far I have endur’d. 

Enraged at the rejection of his sacri- 
fice, Cain resolves to demolish both 
altars, but is opposed in his purpose by 
his. brother. 

Abel. Brother! give back, thou shalt not 

touch my altar 
With violence; if that thou wilt adopt it, 
‘To try another sacrifice, ’tis thine. 
Cain. Another sacrifice! Give way or 
else 
That sacrifice may be — 

Abel. What mean’st thou? 

Cain. Give 
Give way ! thy God loves blood—then look 

to it— 
Give way, ere he hath more. 

Abel. In his great name 
I stand between thee and the shrine which 

hath 
Had his acceptance. 

Cain. If thou loy’st thyself 
Stand back till I have strew dthis turfalong 
Its native soil—elsc— 

Abel. I love God 
Far'more thau life. 

Cain. (Striking him with a brand, on 
the temples, which he snatches from 
the altar.| 

Then take thy life unto thy God 
Since he loves lives. 

Abel. ( falls.] What hast thou done, my 

brother ? 

Cain. Brother! 

Abel. Oh God! receive thy servant, and 
Forgive his slayer, for he knew not what 
He did. Cain, give me—give me thy hand, 

and tell 
Poor Zillah— 

Cain. [after a moment's stupefaction.] 
My hand ! ’tis all red, and with-— 

What? [alony pause. Looking slowly round] 

Where amI? Alone? Where’s Abel? where 

Cain? Can it be that lamhe? My brother! 

Awake ! why liest thou so on the green 
earth? 

Tis not the hour of slumber—why so pale? 

What hastthou? Thou wert full of life 
this morn. 

Alas! I pray thee mock me not! I smote 

‘Too fiercely, but not fatally. Ah! why 

Would’st thou oppose me? Thisis mockery, 


News from Parnassus...No. XIV. 


[Feb. 1, 


And only done to daunt me. "was a blow, 
And but a blow—stir=-stir—nay—only 
stir ! 
Why so—that’s well! Thou breathest, 
breathe upon me! 2 
Oh God !—Oh God! 
Abel. [very faintly] What’s he who 
speaks of God? 
Cain. Thy murderer. 
Abel.Then may God forgive him, Cain! 
Comfort poor Zillah!—She has but one 
brother 
Now. [Abel dies.} 
Zillah, the wife of Abel, hears the 
heavy sound of Cain’s mourning, and 
rushes forth to call her parents. From 
this last scene we shall extract the most 
forcible passage, which overwhelms 
Cain with the maternal cnrse. 


May all the curses 

Oflifebe onbim! And his agonies 

Drive him forth o'er the wilderness—like us 

From Eden, til] his children do by him 

As he did by his brother. May the swords 

And wings of fiery cherubim pursue him 

By day and night—snakes spring up in his 
path— 

Earth’s fruits be ashes in his mouth—the 
leaves 

On which he lays his head to sleep, be 
strew’d 

With scorpions! May his dreams be of his 
victim ! 

His waking a continual dream of death! 

May the clear rivers turn to blood, as he 

Stoops down to stain them with his raging 
lip 5 

May every element shun or change to him : 

May he live in the pangs which others die 
with— 

And death itself wax something worse than 
death, 

To himwho first acquainted him with man. 

Hence, fratricide ! henceforth that word is 
Cain, % 

Thro’ all the coming myriads of mankind, 

Who shall abhor thee, though thou wert 
their sire. 

May the grass wither from thy feet! the 
woods 

Deny thee shelter! Earth a home! the dust 

A grave! the sun his light! and heaven her 
God! 

The fratricide is then deserted by all 
but his faithful Adah, who proposes to 
take up their children and depart. In 
answer to a question from Cain, whe- 
ther she does not fear to dwell with a 
murderer, Adah replies— 

I fear 
Nothing except to leave thee, much as I 
Shrink from the deed which leaves thee 
brotherless. 
T must not speak of this—it is between thee 
And the great God. f 

The augel- of the Lord miu | 

an 


1822.] 


and pronounces the doom of Cain, con- 
cluding by setting the mark upon his 
brow. Seed then prepare to go forth 
into the wilderness, and Cain turns to 
apostrophize his murdered brother. 
Oh ! thou dead 
And everlasting witness! whose unsinking 
Blood darkens earth and heaven! What 
thou now art 
I know not! but if thou see’st what I am, 
I think thou wilt forgive me, whom his God 
Can ne’er forgive, nor his own soul. Fare- 
well! 
I must not, dare not touch what I have 
made thee. 
I, who sprung from the same womb with 
thee, drain’d 
The same breast, clasp’d thee often to my 
own 
In fondness brotherly and boyish, I 
Can never meet thee more, nor even dare 
To do that for thee which thou should’st 
have done 
For me—compose thy limbs into their 
grave— 
The first grave yet dug for mortality. 
But who hath dug that grave? Oh earth! 
Oh earth! 
For all the fruits thou hast rendered tome,I 
Give thee back this. Now for the, wilder- 
ness ! 
Adah [Stoops down and hisses the body 
of Abel.| 
A dreary and an early doom, my brother! 
Has been thy lot! Of all who mourn for thee, 
I alone must not weep. My office is 
Henceforth to dry up tears, and not to shed 
them. 
But yet, of all who mourn, none mourn 
like me, : 
Not only for thyself, but him whoslew thee. 
Now, Cain! 1 will divide thy burthen with 
thee. 

The extent of our extracts from the 
Mystery, leaves us no room to enter par- 
ticularly, at present, upon the merits 
of the two tragedies. The whole vo- 
lume, however, is equally open to the 
remark, which is forced upon us by re- 

ated instances, that the author in- 
dulges in a license of versification be- 
yond all fair limits; and which would 
almost lead us to conclude that he first 
sketches his subject in prose, and after- 
wards reduces the composition, by a 
summary process, into blank verse. In 
his finest passages, however, his mea- 
sure always improves into smoothness 
and harmony; and we see no reason 
why, in any pace, he should affect a 
prosaic ruggedness, which is quite inad- 
missible into any composition which 
eres to be governed by even the 

oosest laws of poetical rhyme. 

Before we conclude, we shall briefly 


Management of Apple Trees. 


16 
make our readers acquainted with the 
story of the two tragedies, which we 
cannot more minutely detail. ‘The fate 
of the two Foscari is interesting. The 


-elder is Doge of Venice, and in that ca- 


pacity is called upon to sit in judgment 
on his son, who is accused of having 
infringed the laws of the state, and is 
subjected to cruel tortures. The sen- 
tence finally pronounced is that of ex- 
ile, against which the feelings of the 
victim revolt so strongly as to occasion 
his sudden death. The father perishes 
in the same way, when the malevolence 
of his enemies has succeeded in divest- 
ing him of the ducal dignity, after en- 
joying it for upwards of thirty years. 
With respect to Sardanapalus, it will be 
sufficient to observe, that he was King of 
Nineveh, and much addicted to an in- 
temperate indulgence in his pleasures ; 
aud that he was deprived of his life and 
crown by the issue of a successful con- 
spiracy. 
ee 
To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. 
SIR, 

ian correspondent, Henry S. 

Mitchell, in your Magazine of 
Noy. 1. page 306, makes a call for 
further explanation from me on the 
management of apple trees. When I 
observed many were unacquainted with 
trees having three rinds, I meant no 
reflection on gardeners, but it arose 
from a gentleman having stripped his 
trees of the three rinds, so that the sap 
could not rise in cireulation to nourish 
and support life; in consequence the 
trees all died. 

In my instruction in the way I ma- 
nage my very o/d trees, 1 thought the 
mode I gave was perfectly clear, but 
your correspondent thought otherwise, 
therefore I shall endeavour to make my 
method more clear. In my address 
your correspondent, on reading my 
instruction, will find I was only observ- 
ing upon very old trees ; I shallnow en- 
deavour to explain myself more clearly. 
It is observable in very old trees the 
greater part of the outward rind is 
mostly loose, so that it will easily peel 
off, and what will not come off, I take a 
bill and cut away, taking care to in- 
jure the middle rind as little as pos 
sible, though not to be preveuted in 
a small degree. I took a small hoe, 
and crossed every branch to clear away 
the moss, in doing which you will 
scrape a little off the thin coat of the 
outward rind, which will rather be of 
service than an injury; and all can- 

kered 


16 


kered parts I cut out, as my former 
instructions directed. My young trees 
I scrape in the same manner as the 
branches of the old, where there is 
any moss or unhealthy appearance b 
being much cracked and hide bound, 
1 found it of great use; and if there is 
a want of wood, I take my knife and 
score through the rinds from the 
branches to the bottom of the stock, 
which will give a quantity of young 
wood: but if there is plenty to score, 
I would check these bearing. I found 
the scraping beneficial to most trees. I 
have proved it with a mulberry tree that 
was very much cracked, (though a 
young tree); I scraped it to the bottom 
of the crack, but not to injure the 
middle rind, and found it greatly im- 
proved the following year; some very 
old myrtle trees had a great deal of 
loose, outward rindand moss, I scraped 
them on the same principle with the 
same advantage. In stone fruit trees 
great care is required, as they are very 
much subject to gum, but scraping the 
bough does good, without going too 
deep. My soil of earth is a very strong 
clay, which is a great cause of some of 
my young trees not thriving well and 
cankering; others do well and flourish. 
I have observed on the gravelly soil, 
the same injury, and it would be a 
great benefit to the public if the nur- 
serymen would make it their stndy to 
find out a stock that would thrive best 
on those soils, and give information 
through your useful Magazine to the 
public, the advantage would be very 


great. a Wie 
——— 


For the Monthly Magazine. 
VAUCLUSE—PETRARCH.— dn error of 
all the Commentators respecting his 
principal Ode Corrected. 


URING a temporary residence at 
4 Avignon, in the autumn of 1815, 
I visited Vaucluse, and the supposed 
scene of one of Petrarch’s best odes, the 
celebrated fountain of that name. 

At the back of the valley, within a 
huge mass of rock, is a cavern, with an 
eutrance arch about eighty feet in depth 
and sixty feet in width. Near the 
centre of this cave is an oval basin 
from which rises the celebrated spring 
that supplies the Sorgue. The wafer 
being tolerably low, we were enabled 
to explore this extraordinary spot. Not 
far from the source of the river, on 
the summit of an almost inaccessible 
rock, stands a ruin of the wall of Pe- 
trarch’s castle. The story which as- 


Viiucluse — Petrarch. 


[Feb. J, 


signed to the poet this fabric as a resi- 
dence, with a subterranean passage 
from thence to the house of his far- 
famed mistress, has been long cousi- 
dered as a fable. The castle belonged 
in those days to the Bishop of Cavaillon. 
The attentive reader of Petrarch will 
readily discover from his poetry, that 
so far from ever having lived, there is 
no evidence of her having, on any one 
occasion, even visited Vaucluse. 

The site of the small habitation 
which Petrarch had built near to this 
spot, and which in one of his letters he 
compares to the houses of Cato and 
Fabricius, is now occupied by a paper 
mill. The peasantry have the name of 
Petrarch constantly on their lips, but 
seem to be totally unacquainted with 
any thing that relates to him, beyond 
the fact of his having caused several 
spots in this neighbourhood to be 
called after him; such as Petrarch’s 
castle, Petrarch’s fount, &e. 

A very extraordinary error has been 
circulated by the various critics, and 
commentators on Petrarch’s writings 
which deserves the consideration of all 
the admirers of the poet. It is the 
assumption that the ode, (perhaps the 
most beautiful, certainly the least arti- 
ficial of all Petrarch’s compositions, ) 
beginning 

Chiare, fresche, e dolci acque 
was addressed to the Fountain of Vau- 
cluse. 

Besides the fact already premised of 
Lanra’s never having resided at or even 
visited Vaucluse, there are other cir- 
cumstances which conduce to deter- 
mine the absurdity of this universally 
received opinion on this subject. The’ 
poem itself affords evidence sufficient 
that it was never intended to refer to 
the fountain of Vaucluse. We are 
told in the outset of this piece, that 
Laura was in the habit of bathing. her 
beauteous limbs in the clear and limpid 
waters to which it may be supposed to 
be inscribed : 

Chiare, fresche, e dolci acque 

Ove le bella membra 

Pose colei, che sola a me par donna, &c. 
and moreover, that green and graceful 
boughs showered their blossoms into 
her lap as she sat beside it (in the hu- 
mility of transcendant loveliness) and 
covered her with a cloud of flowers : 

Da’ be rami scendea. 

Dolce ne la memoria, 
Una pioggia di fior sovra ’] suo grembo 3 

Ed ella si sedea 

Umile in tanta gloria, 
Coverta gia de Pamoroso nembro, &e. : 
: an 


1822,] 


with several other matters in a similar 
Style of imagery, which may be seen by 
a reference to the ode itself. Now the 
trnth is, that during a considerable 
portion of the year, and especially at 
that period te which Petrarch’s verses 
would seem more particularly to refer, 
the Sorgue invariably rises above the 
barrier that separates it from the ca- 
vern, and rushing over the rocks in a 
tremendous torrent, entirely precludes 
the possibility of access to the fountain. 
Even at other times if is little calcu- 
lated fora bath for * beauty’s daugh- 
ters ;”’ to say nothing of the absence of 
“ waving trees, and showering blos- 
soms.” 

At the conclusion ef the ede, Pe- 
trarch, allading to a bower in the vi- 
cinity of the fountain, informs us that it 
was there his love first had birth.* This 
may possibly be a poetical flourish; if 
not, what could Laura be doing at Vau- 
eluse, apparently without any pro- 
fessed object save that of bathing. But 
the most convincing fact of all remains 
yet to be stated. On the day the 
writer of this notice visited the foun- 
tain, the water, in consequence of long 
drought, happened to be unusually 
low. Upon attempting to sound its 
depth, however, we lowered:a fathom- 
ing line of upwards of fifty feet in 
Jength, without finding any bottom. 
These circumstances, added to the evi- 
dences contained in the poem itself, 
totally destroy the hypothesis of Vol- 
taire, and the host of critics who have 
contended that the poem Chiare Fresche 
was addressed to the fountain of Vau- 
eluse. 

The question then naturally arises, 
to what fountain do the verses alluded 
to in reality refer? This is easily to 
be solved. At a short distance from 
Avignon is a beautiful spring, entitled 
the Triade, so situated as to correspond 
in every particular with the description 
of Petrarch, where the \adies of the 
eity were accustomed to bathe in great 
numbers; and which was in all pro- 
bability the scene of the little adven- 
ture introduced in his Canzone, 

Nel dolee tempo, &c. 

To this spring, and not to the foun- 
tain of Vaucluse, were Petrarch’s ele- 
gant lines indubitably addressed. 

Voltaire cites this poem as a speci- 

* According to his biographers, Petrarch 
firat beheld Lauretta de Sade in the church 
of the monastery of St. Claire, at Avignon, 
on Good Friday, 1347. 

MONTHLY MAG, No. 364, 


Picture of Ireland, and the Cause of its Discontents. 


17 


men of Petrarch’s manner, (the usual 
cant of commonsplace criticism) and 
calls it his fine Ode on the Fountain of 
Vaucluse. As a proof, however, that 
netwithstanding all he is pleased to say 
of the writings of the Italian sonnetteer, 
he never so much as read them through- 
out; he terms this “ an irregular ode 
in blank verse, which (says he) the 
poet composed in order to avoid weary- 
ing himself for rhymes, but which is 
moreesteemed thau his rhymed verses.”” 
This is all very fine, and rounds his 
period admirably; but. unfortunately 
for Voltaire, it happens to be diametri- 
cally opposed to fact. The piece in 
question, is not only rhymed through- 
out, but is moreover the most harmo- 
nious and successful of all Petrarch’s 
productions, aud particularly his ryth- 
mical ones. 

Thus it is that gross errors are con- 
firrzed instead of being corrected. Cri- 
tics too often take that for granted 
which has been advanced upon some 
great authority, and so reiterate absur- 
dlities rather than take the trouble of 
examining for themselves. In this 
spirit Warton criticises an instance of 
false taste in Tasso’s Aminta, upon the 
authority of Pope, who, (in one of his 
papers on pastoral poetry, in the Guar- 
dian) had censured the immortal Ita- 
lian for an absurdity of which he had 
not been guilty of, and for verses of 
which he was equally innocent. 

A critic caunot commit an act of 
grosser injustice to the literary reputa- 
tion of the author upon whom he pro- 
fesses to comment, than thus to con- 
clude by precedent, and incorporate 
with his own observations the stric- 
tures of other writers, without first 
satisfying himself as to their correct- 
ness and propriety. Ss. 

—<>>__ 


For the Monthly Magazine. 
PICTURE Of IRELAND, and the CAUSE 
of its DISCONTENTS. 

RELAND is a country under pecu- 
liar and unprecedented cireum- 
stances. In consequence of the inva- 
sion and subjugation of that island by 
the English, the government became 
vested in the hands of its conquerors ; 
and a great proportion of the estates of 
its original inhabitants was forfeited 
to the erown of England, and conferred. 
upon favourites and adventurers. These 
persons formed the government of the 
kingdom, and in all cases’ uniformly 
supported the authority of England, in 
opposition to the epee and eas '- 
0 


18 


of theIrish. The country and govern- 
ment has therefore exhibited, for two 
centuries, the extraordinary spectacle 
of millions of native Roman Catholics 
subjected to the oppressive and offen- 
sive rule of a handful of protestants. 

Thus situated and governed, it was 
impossible that either agriculture, arts, 
manufactures or commerce, could pros- 

I. 

The Irish had been conquered and 
degraded—and_ to preserve the domi- 
nion of England, it beeame sound policy 
to keep them an ignorant and degraded 
people: hence, edueation, except by 
protestant schoolmasters, was prohibit- 
ed, and the native catholic was rendered 
incapable of filling any office in the 
state. 

Things remained in this situation 
for centuries; for though efforts were 
made in the reign of Charles, I. and 
James II. to restore the independence 
of Ireland, Cromwell and William II. 
added fresh rivets to their galling 
chains. At length the spirit of enquiry 
raised its head. America, threatened 
with subjugation because she refused 
to be taxed without being represented, 
boldly insisted on her right to the pri- 
vileges enjoyed by her fellow subjects 
in Britain—She argued better than the 
mother country, for she had the consti- 
tution on her side, and the success of 
her arms confirming the authority of 
her arguments, she became a free and 
independent country. Ireland attempt- 
ed to profit by the example of America; 
she armed herself—talked like a weak 
and passionate woman—was frightened 
by a proclamation, and finally submit- 
ted to the authority of England. 

The discussions which had taken 
place during the American contest, 
were revived by the French revolution, 
and another attempt was made by lre- 
land to assert her independence. But 
the principal actors on that occasion 
totally forgot the heterogeneous nature 
of the materials which they had to work 
up into a system of political union and 
religious liberality. Well educated in- 
dividuals of all sorts of christians acted 
together with some degree of cordiality 5 
but it became impossible to divest the 
rigid protestant and the bigotted catho- 
lic of their early prejudices and hosti- 
lity towards each other. Hence B. B. 
Harvey the commander in chief of the 
Irish army, lost his authority, and was 
obliged to retire; and the protestants 
of the North, alarmed by the atrocities 
practiced in the South, resigned their 


Picture of freland, and the Cause of its Discontents. 


{eb. I, 


arms and sabmitted te the British go- 
vernment; and thus it has been proved 
in the most decided manner, that reli- 
gious prejudices will generally over- 
come the spirit of genuine political 
liberty. 

The concessions which the catholics 
have obtained, being considerably short 
of their views and expectations, they 
will continue their applications te the 
legislature until they obtain an equality 
of privilege—and either emancipation 
must be granted, or Ireland will con- 
tinue a disturbed and distracted coun- 
try. 

The catholic populatiox amounts to 
about four millions and a half, and the 
number of protestants do not exeeed 
two millions. The protestants are di- 
vided into various religious seets; but 
the catholics are, from the nature of 
their privations, a united people. Under 
these circumstances, a legislative unio 
has taken place between Great Britain 
and Ireland; but that union has not 
tended to promote the interest, or to 
increase the political and social happi- 
ness of the country. The catholics 
hoped, by that measure, to obtain an 
equality of privileges—but they have 
been disappointed ; and all that the 
protestants have gained, is the supposed 
guarantee of England (o the landed pro- 
perty which their ancestors obtained by 
fighting in the ranks of the British in- 
vader: 

Look now at the situation of Ireland. 
His Majesty visited that country latel 
—the osteutatious character of the Iris 
was completely displayed—every thing 
external wore the best face possible, 
and even the street beggars were 
dressed for the eceasion. ‘But party 
spirit, which is so deeply rooted in that 
unfortunate country, could hardly be 
kept.in order even by the presence of the 
King ; and his Majesty’s gracious ad- 
monition seems now to be set at defi- 
ance even by the servants of the Crown 
in Ireland. In several parts of the 
country, particularly in the counties of 
Limerick, Clare, Cork, and Tipperary, 
outrages of the most daring and atro- 
cious nature continne to set law and hu- 
manity at defiance. To what are these 
disturbances to be attributed? I will 
state the cause. The manner of letting 
land in Ireland, particularly the estates 
of absentees, has been one great source 
of oppression and discontent. When 
we see the lands of the late Archbishop 
of Tuam—and of other noblemen and 
gentlemen, set up to auction, and the 

words 


1822.) 


words “ no preference to the tenants in 
possession,” forming a part of all ad- 
vertisements for letting land; and 
when the landowner acts up to this un- 
just and unfeeling cendition, and pre- 
fers sixpence an acre offered by a land 
speculater, to a proposal from his old 
tenantry, and drives them from his 
estates by hundreds—what is to be ex- 
pected from a wretched, ignorant, and 
starving population ? 

The Jrish are known to be more de- 
voted to their native soil than perhaps 
any other people in the world, Is it 
possible not to feel resentment towards 
the man who, for sixpence an acre, 
ejects his old tenants, whose ancestors 
were perhaps the lords of the very estate 
from which he now drives their descend- 
ants to beggary and starvation? Such 
is unfortunately the stafe of a great 
part of the south of Ireland; and add 
to this the non-residence of the esta- 
plished clergy, and the manner which 
too many of these gentlemen have 
adopted of ietting their tithes to specu- 
ators, who re-let them to the oceupy- 
ing tenant, or exact a full tenth of his 
titheable produce. The writer of this 
article met at an inn, on his way to 
Killarney, a gentleman who had a con- 
siderable parish near Castle Island ; he 
had no church—no protestant parish- 
ioners—and, wishing to spend his time 
pleasantly, ke resided principally at the 
watering places in England. He ac- 
cordingly lett the tithes of bis parish 
to aspeculator for £500 per annum, 
and left the country. The person who 
rented his tithe raised the parish, the 
first year, to £650; the second year he 
advanced the tithe to £900; and as the 
value of produce increased during the 
war, he advanced thie tithe of the pa- 
vish until it amounted to £1,406 per 
annum. E£Eneouraged by the acquies- 
cence of the people, this tithe-farmer 
endeavoured to increase his income still 
‘more ; but he had already gone too far, 
and the oppressed farmers refused to 
submit to further exactions. The dis- 
agreement proceeded to actual hostility, 
and, in an attempt to earry away tithe 
from the ground, a seufile took place, 
and some lives were lest. The news- 
papers of the day detailed the facts ; 
the clergyman saw the details—he had 
those good feelings which induced him 
to wish to put a stop fo such outrages— 
he returned to Lreland—re-purchased 
the lease of the tithes he had granted— 
assembled the farmers of his parish— 
stated his sorrow for what had happen- 


Picture of Ireland, and the Cause of its Discontents. 


i9 


ed—offered the tithes to them at what 
they deemed a fair value—accepted 
their proposal, and had the happiness 
to relieve them from eppression, and 
to receive an increase to his income, 
with the perfect approbation and grati- 
tude of liisRoman Catholic parishioners. 

If other clergymen would “ go and 
do likewise,’? much might be done to 
promote the welfare and happiness of 
the country. In other parts, similar op- 
pressions prevail; and all the distress 
complained ef may fairly be ascribed 
to similar causes. Great absentee 
estates, in the counties of Tyrone and 
Donegal, are entirely left to the ma- 
nagement ofan agent. The leasesupon 
these great properties were formerly 
granted for thirty-one years and lives. 
The tenants were of the most respecta- 
ble description ; they had acquired ca- 
pital by their industry, which they de- 
voted to the improvements of the linen 
manufacture, aud the face of the coun- 
try exhibited bleaching greens, good 
dwelling houses, and. a most industrious 
population. The noble proprietor of 
this extensive property, seeing the pros- 
perity of his tenantry, believed that his 
lands were lett at an undervalue. He, 
therefore, at the expiration of the old 
leases, gave much shorter tenures, and 
raised his reuts. He continued that 
practice during the late war, until his 
whole estate was lett at rack-rents. He 
would not permit a tenant to reap any 
advantage from his improvements ; 
and, from step to step, he advanced 
until he has deprived his once wealthy 
and respectable tenantry of their entire 
capital ; and now, at the two terms of 
May and November, may be seen all the 
pounds in the country crowded with the 
cattle of his tenantry, which are sold by 
his agent, if the rents are not paid in 
the time stipulated after the seizure. 
By this mode of proceeding, the inhabi- 
tants of extensive districts in the coun- 
ties of Tyrone and Donegal are nearly 
ruined. Promises of abatement in their 
rents have been held out, year after 
year, but these promises have not been 
fulfilled. 

Will not the Lord Chancellor—will 
not Lord Aberdeen, who are the ‘trus- 
tees of the heir of this great property, 
enquire into the situation of the Aber- 
corn estates? or will they continue to 
let the agent ruin a tenantry, who were 
once the most wealthy and respectable 
in the north of Ireland? | Perhaps it 
may be supposed that landed property 
never can be too high lett, as the tenant 

may 


20 


may always surrender his farm to his 
landlord. Individuals may do so, but 
a population of many thousands could 
not, by a simultaneous effort, quit their 
residences, and throw themselves upon 
the world, without encountering diffi- 
culties at the contemplation of which 
human nature revolts. 

These observations are made with the 
honest hope that they may meet the eye 
of those who have it in their power to 
alleviate the distresses—and correet the 
evils which lead to the direct commis- 
sion of crimes destructive of every prin- 
ciple of moral obligation and humanity. 

Dec. 15, 1821. A.G 

—>——_ 
To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. 

SIR, 

OUR correspondent, J. of last 
month, is desirous of learning 
Anglo-Saxon, in order to acquire better 
knowledge of modern English. Ele- 
mentary books, of that language, or 
classical works of any kind, to answer 
his purpose, never existed. Lye’s 
Dictionary willsupply him indeed with 
the words; but German is now the 
polished standard of modern gothic 
literature ; which, if attained, will en- 
able him to understand any of the 
other dialects as easily as a Londoner 
would a Cumberlander. In fact, our 
dialects, north of the Humber, partake 
more of the Scandinavian than of the 
Anglo-Saxon, which are both gothic, 
as well as the German or Teutonic. 
Jan. 5, 1822. ats 
—>—_ 

For the Monthly Magazine. 
THE PHILOSOPHY OF CONTEM- 
PORARY CRITICISM. 

No. XVII. 

Quarterly Review, No. 50. 

CRAZY forgotten book, the “ Pur- 

LK suits of Literature,’ contains one 
observation meriting notice: * Lite- 
rature,”’ says the writer, “ well or ill 
conducted, is the great engine by which 
all civilized states must ultimately be 
supported or overthrown.’ It were a 
difficult point to decide, whether reli- 
gion, education, or literature, in the 
1ands of power, would tend most to its 

stability: it is certain, however, if by 
any means it could obtain the direction 
of all three, its influence would be un- 
bounded, and a nation so enslaved 
would enjoy only an automaton exist- 
ence, following every impulse of its 
rulers. Perhaps in a country where 
knowledge has become a source of en- 
joyment to nearly all classes, the last 


The Philosophy of Contemporary Criticism. 


[Feb. J. 


would be the most powerful engine of 
authority : the impressions of education 
are frequently modified by experience, 
and the influence of religion in a scep- 
tical age (for such it is said to be) can- 
not be considered universal; but litera- 
ture—inecluding in that term every 
production of mind—interesting nearly 
every individual at the most important 
period of life, may be considered all- 
powerful, and whoever has acquired its 
direction, holds all the great springs of 
sociely. 

It is, no doubt, from a conviction of 
the great importance of this instrament, 
that modern policy has seized on the 
press as its most powerful auxiliary. 
Offences against established opinions 
are in conseqnence no longer punished 
as formerly ; they have become obnox- 
ious to a far more scientific mode of in- 
fliction, and instead of the rude ma- 
chinery of ancient tyranny—inquisi- 
tions, tortures, and massacres—maga- 
zines, reviews, and newspapers, have 
been instituted as the more effective 
guardians of intolerance and abuse. 
There is some wisdom, as well as mer- 
cy, in this innovation. It was only 
clumsy work to sacrifice whole sects 
and parties tothe Moloch of Orthodoxy ; 
and the present practice of stifling use- 
ful truths by destroying the eredit of 
their authors, with imputations of zm- 
morality and impiety, appears more hu- 
mane and judicious. Under this sys- 
tem writers are nearly the only suffer- 
ers; they are the scape-geats of their 
parties, and the productions of their 
pens, their philosophy, poetry, travels, 
and histories, are made to atone for 
their own want of faith in the utility of 
decayed boroughs and the purity of the 
Holy Church. 

Having just adverted to this new 
reign of terror, we shall enter on our 
task. The Quarterly is the head of the 
inquisition we have attempted to de- 
scribe; the followers in the train of 
the literary Jaggernaut are more an- 
noying from number and noise than 
poiguancy of venom. In the present 
Number, we havea fair assortment of 
the good and bad qualities for which 
this Journal has long been distin- 
guished ;—some authors are impaled 
for their politics, some for their reli- 
gion, and some for their licentiousness ; 
anid in cases where there are no sins of 
this nature to answer for, they are 
treated with fairness and discernment. 
It will be best, however, to show up 
the lot in detail. 

On 


1822. 


On the first article, the “ Life of 
Cromwell,” there is not much room tor 
observation : it is enormously long, but, 
on the whole, a judicious compilation 
from several volumes lately published, 
illustrative of the life of the Protector, 
and the facts selected are drawn up 
with great fairness, exhibiting the cha- 
racter of Cromwell with that mixture 
of good and bad qualities—of genero- 
sity, bravery, love of justice, hypocrisy, 
buffoonery, and comprehension of mind 
—which had always made him with 
us, and, we suppose, with others, an 
interesting subject of admiration and 
aversion. We do not, however, agree 
with the reviewer, in thinking that one 
of the works reviewed, ** Cromwell and 
his Times,’ does not contain internal 
evidence that the author is a descendant 
of the Protectoral house: the writer, 
we believe, is a young man, and in 
turning over the pages of his work, and 
also the work of the late Mr. Oliver 
Cromwell, we confess we were struck 
with some points of resemblance, which 
we fancied we discovered in style and 
arrangement, between them, and the 
luminous harangues of their great Pro- 
genitor. It isa point, however, not of 
much consequence. Mr. Southey, 
whom we take to be the writer of this 
article, does well to recommend the 
history of the civil war to particular at- 
tention, as full of useful instruction on 
the evils of fanaticism and anarchy, and 
of the desperate lengths to which men of 
** good hearts and laudable intentions” 
may be drawn, when plunged in the 
vortex of power, and faction. So far 
his advice is good ; but there is another 
portion of our history, illustrating an 
opposite class of evils, not less edifying, 
and which we also beg to recommend 
to consideration,—we mean the period 
following the Restoration. We there 
learn the incurable nature of princes 
brought up in mistaken notions of pre- 
rogative—the mischief of substitutin 
hypocrisy in place of real ec micas | 
the calamities which overwhelm a 
country, when the monarch himself is 
a noted example of viceand profligacy, 
and his court the general refuge of 
kept mistresses, unprincipled writers, 
and abandoned statesmen. There is 
much to be learnt in both cases—with 
this difference ; that, in one, we have to 
deplore the venial errors of “ good 
hearts and laudable intentions,” in the 
other, the deliberate wickedness of un- 
bridled power and licentiousness. 

We had almost forgotten to remark, 


Quarterly Review, No. L. 21 


on a note attached to this article, in 
which the writer raises some doubt 
whether Dr. Gauden was the author of 
“ Eicon Basilike.’’ But we thought 
the question was settled by the publica- 
tion of the Supplement to the Claren- 
don State Papers. They were publish- 
ed for the first time in 1786, and it was 
an ignorance of them that inclined 
Hume to ascribe the Eicon to Charles. 
But of the real author now there can be 
no doubt. In the Supplement, Gauden’s 
letters to Clarendon and others, claim- 
ing preferment on account of being the 
author of the Eicon, are preserved ; and 
it was from the circumstance of being 
the author, though otherwise obnoxious 
to the court party, that he was success- 
ively created bishop of Exeter and 
Worcester. 

The “ Apocryphal New Testament’ 
forms the second article. If it evince 
simplicity in an anthor to complain of 
his reviewer, or a culprit of his judge, 
it is not less so for the professors of a 
faith “ founded ona rock,” tocomplain 
of those who attempt to throw light on 
its origin. It is error, not truth, that 
can be endangered by enquiry. With 
such an obvious principle before them, 
the rage of the Quarterly is absurd and 
inexplicable: had they lived by impos- 
ture, and the secret been betrayed by 
which they got their bread, they could 
not have betrayed more bitterness of 
spirit. Whereas the offence of collect- 
ing the spurious gospels—if any at all 
—is of the most venial kind. We can 
see no more danger in an apocryphal 
New, than in anapocryphal Old Testa- 
ment ; the last it has long been usual 
to bind up with the sacred volume. 
In like manner, we apprehend, the 4po- 
cryphal New Testament would be power- 
less against the canon of our faith, and 
nothing can render it efficient, unless it 
be the absurd fear of enquiry shewn by 
some of itsindiscreet defenders. As to 
the abuse on ourselves—for the indiscri- 
minate rage of the reviewer has dragged 
our name into his contest with Mr. Hone 
—we have very little to say. However 
the world may improve, we have no hope 
that all mankind will ever live in entire 
peace and charity ; there will be always 
some classes with obvious reasons for 
reviling and prosecuting each other. 
This arises from the very constitution 
of society. Men, thriving by injustice 
and delusion, naturally hate those who 
expose their delinqueucies ; and on this 
principle, we apprehend, we shall 
always be obnoxious to the Quarterly. 

There 


22 


There is no resemblance between their 
calling and ours; their office is to con- 
ceal and pervert the truth—ours to 
publish it fairly and honestly. They 
fiave endeavoured to excite prejudices 
against Mr. Hone, and then hope, by 
mingling names, to associate the same 
prejudices against us—but we despise 
their casuistry as much as we do their 
principles. 

 « Baron de Humboldt’s Personal Nar- 
vative.”’ As this distinguished travel- 
ler has no sins of a political nature to 
answer for, he is treated as hie deserves: 
the fifth volume of his work, the ninth 
and tenth of the translation, is consi- 
dered less objectionable than the pre- 
ceding; the‘ Narrative’ being less in- 
terrupted by dry scientific disserta- 
tions, and the sublime scenery of the in- 
terior of the equinoctial regions afford- 
ing subjects more appropriate to the 
eloquent and descriptive powers of the 
author. 

The fourth article ‘is “ Lord Walde- 
grave’s Memoirs.” This is a thin 
quarto, edited, it is said, by Lord Hol- 
land, and containing about as much 
letter-press as thirty of our pages, for 
which the publisher charges the modest 
price of twenty-five shillmgs. The re- 
viewer himself affects surprise at this 
unconscionable price, and apologizes for 
it on the score of the enormous terms of 
the copyright ; but we doubt the sin- 
cerity of this apology, and suspect it is 
only introduced to prepare the way 
for the next exorbitant demand for 
the “ Memoirs of Horace Walpole,’ 
which, we are told, Mr. Murray has 
purehased at a “magnificent price,” 
and intends shortly to give to the world. 
Bating the price, the * Memoirs’? may 
be considered a valuable addition to our 
public history—not on account of any 
new views: they disclose, but as con- 
firming those already derived from 
more questionable sources. Little of 
this, however, can be gleaned from the 
notices of the reviews; they are con- 
tent with merely grazing over the 
work, selecting such par‘s as are most 
entertaining, and least offensive to their 
parties and prejudices, and never at- 
tempting to make it subservient to the 
more important object of illustrating 
the real nature of the government, and 
shewing that its history, for the last 
century and a half at least, only exhi- 
bits a miserable detail of the seliish- 
ness, intrigues, and tyacasseries of fac- 
tion. We hope shortly to see this sub- 
jeet placed ina different light : we have 


The Philosophy of Contemporary Criticism. 


[Feb. 1, 


now abundant materials—diaries, me- 
moirs, aud recollections—for the pur-' 
pose; and it will not be difficult to’ 
show, that.though England has been 
blessed with many great statesmen, 
eloquent declaimers, and able debaters, 
she has had few real patriots. 

“ The Chinese Embassy to the Tow- 
gouth Tartars,”’ forms the next subject, 
and is chiefly remarkable for an at- 
tempt to redeem the Chinese from the 
contempt into which they have fallen, 
and from the following surpassing sen- 
tences with which it commences :— 
“China swallows up about one-tenth 
part of the habitable globe; and con- 
tains, at the lowest estimation, one- 
fourth of the population of the whole 
earth. Yet—so we get our tea com- 
fortably for breakfast, we seem to trou- . 
ble our heads as liltle about the Chief of 
this vast empire and his two hundred 
millions of subjects, as he and they, per- 
haps, do their’s, about us. We have 
not much to say of ourselves—but the 
Chinese’?—and so on. This is really 
very fine; we are nof sure. however, 
we comprehend if, for we thought 
lately we had troubled our heads a 
good deal about the “ Chief of this vast 
empire and his (wo hundred millions 
of subjects.” We suspect this lumineus 
effusion is from the pen of some old 
Edinburgh Reviewer. 

A flattering notice of a new transla- 
tion of * Tasso’s Jerusalem Delivered,” 
makes the sivth article. Au adequate 
translation of the most elegant of Ita- 
lian poets was a desideratum in English 
literature; and the present faithful and 
spirited version of Mr. Hunt, is chiefly 
objectionable from being rendered in 
couplets instead of stanzas—the worst ° 
metrical arrangement that could be 
applied to an heroic poem, and is the 
more singular in this instance, since 
both Tasso and Ariosto had given the 
model of a stanza admitting an almost 
infinite variety of pause and harmony, 
more agreeable to the ear, and more 
easy in execution than the couplet it- 
self. 

“ Martyn’s Memoirs’* exhibits a de- 
plorable picture of devotional hypochon- 
dria. Mr. Martyn, we doubt not, was 
an harmless, well-meaning creature, 
who had fallen into such mistaken 
notions of the Almighty’s goodness and 
his own unworthiness, as to consider it a 
proof of infinite mercy that he was “ oué 
of hell.’ There are many Mr. Martyns 
in England, but we thank God we are 
not of the number. . This article con- 

tains 


1822.] 


tains also some spirited arid just obser- 
vations on the abortiveness of mission- 
ary labours. It appears that the “ Church 
Missicnary Society’? expended upwards 
of £30,000 last year,and that of twenty 
converts made.at one of their eight 
stations in four years, they had all re- 
lapsed except one! 

“© Notes on the Cape of Good Hope’’ 
is the best criticism in the Nuinber—if 
the reviewer’s observations be correct, 
and he appears to write from personal 
knowledge of the colony. The “ Notes” 
had become rather popular from the 
flattering notice of several reviews, and 
we ourselves thought them an enter- 
taining “ little book ;”? but certainly 
if—we again say if—the reviewer be 
right, they contain a great deal of 
flippant random statement concerning 
manners and society at the Cape, and 
the unfortunate adventure to Algoa 
Bay, which the writer will do well to 
correct in the next edition. 

The ninth article. “ the Report on 
the State of Agriculture,” is fair, ho- 
nest, and enlightened, and we entirely 
concur that a free trade in corn is ulti- 
mately the wisest policy for this coun- 
try to adopt. On the general principle 
indeed, nearly all intelligent men are 
agreed, and the only difference is as to 
the safest mode of reducing it to prac- 
tice. Sudden changes are generally 
hazardous, even in reverting from bad 
togood. The least objectionable mea- 
sure appears that suggested by the re- 
viewer: namely, a protecting price 
gradually decreasing, so that at the ex- 
piration of a definite period for the corn 
trade to become entirely free. To re- 
peal the corn duty at once, would not 
only cause an injurious revulsion of 
_ capital, but from its effect on foreign 
exchanges, and consequent exportation 
of specie, be incompatible with mea- 
sures now in progress for restoring a 
metallic currency. On the literary 
merits of this article we shall forbear to 
comment, as the writer has apologised 
for the hasty manner it was written: 
it contains a good deal of obscure dis- 
sertation, with some principles either 
erroneous or imperfectly explained, 
and on the whole we have praised it 
more for candour and good intention 
than the ability with which it is exe- 
cuted, 

* Blomfield—Aischyli Agamemnon,” 
forms the tenth article, in which the 
editor appears quite at home on longs 
and shorts, the Greek accents, and the 


Quarterly Review, No. L. 


23 


arrangement of the choral measures. 
We proceed to a more interesting sub- 
ject. 

* Lady Morgan’s Italy.” We sus- 
pect this redoubtabie article is written 
by a rival bookseller; it is certainly 
no review of Lady Morgan, but of her 


» publisher: what, however, a critique 


on “ Jtaly’* had to do with the pufts 
and advertisements of Mr. Colburn, 
one cannot conceive. Whoever wrote 
it—whether Mr. Murray or old Dennis 
—is not material; it isa mere drufum 
fulmen, an cyercharged gun which re- 
coils on the author. The writer indeed 
seems mightily incensed—he is so 
choaked with rage he can scarcely vent 
his choler, but his anger only makes 
one laugh. Every body knows that 
certain authors—though they spoke 
with the “ tongues of angels’*—the 
Quarterly must paint as black as devils. 
Now Lady Morgan is one of these— 
she has vented her indignation freely 
against shallow, corrupt statesmen at 
home—against holy alliances, legiti- 
mate imbecility, feudal abuse and pri- 
vileged robbery abroad: how could 
such offences against “ social order’ be 
passed over by a journal, whose ofhice 
is as much to punish them, as that of 
the Attorney-General political libels ? 

But this intrepid wriler has more 
grievous sins to answer for ;—she is 
read not only in England, but through- 
out Europe—read, too, not by the 
‘““ mob,” but the “ higher orders ;7’-— 
she earries the torch of truth among 
those classes where its rays seldom 
penetrate :—hence she is doubly hated, 
because she is doubly dangerous, or, 
to’speak without ambiguity, doubly 
useful to the cause of truth and justice. 

We have read “ /taly’’ with atten- 
tion, and refain the opinion we first 
expressed of it; it is infinitely supe- 
rior, in our opinion, to the “ france’’ 
of the same author—free from many 
faults which infected the latter work. 
Its merits we may infer from the man- 
ner it has been treated ; the article in 
the Quarterly is mere brutal abuse, and 
it has abstained from quotations, lest 
extracts might have exposed the injus- 
tice of its censure. 

As to the inferior assailants, who 
have attempted to crawl into notice on 
the back of the author, they are too 
obscure and contemptible in every re- 
spect to merit attention ;—that such 
seribblers should feel an aversion to 
Lady Morgan is as natural as for cer- 

tain 


24 


tain vermin to hate light and cleanli- 
ness. 

The eleventh and last article is 
* England and France.’ We think 
sometimes the Edinburgh and the 
Quarterly lave mutually exchanged 
contributors, aud that some of the 
articles in the former breathe a more 
aristocratical, and ‘in the latter a more 
democratical, spirit than formerly. We 
have, in the present instance, a profes- 
sion at least of very liberal opinions, 
though we considersome of the positions 
advanced not exactly tenable. It is 
contended, for example, that there are 
peculiarities in the French character, 
which unfit them now and for ever (so 
we understand the writer) for the en- 
joyment of political liberty. We con- 
fess, ourselves, that we have uo faith 
in the permanency of national character 
at all; we think that the character of 
a people will ever vary with the cha- 
racter of their institutions. This 
opinion at least is warranted by expe- 
rience. Greece, Spain and Italy have 
exhibited every variety of feeling from 
the most lofty to the most degraded— 
and what has operated these mutations ? 
Certainly not changes in climate nor 
soil, for these are unchangeable, but 
changes in government, which have 
alternately exalted or debased the 
mind of the inhabitants. 

The writer says again, that a people 
should be fit for liberty before they 
enjoy it. This is very true; we 
would have nations, and individuals 
also, qualified for their functions be- 
fore they exercise them: but how is 
this fitness to be acquired ? Not under 
despotic institutions, for they call for 
the developement of no political capa- 
city, but under institutions favourable 
to freedom. The way indeed is ob- 
vious; give a nation liberty she will 
learn to enjoy it; let her have popular 
assemblies, and she will acquire talents 

_for deliberation ; give encouragement 
to virtue, valour and knowledge, and 
they will abundantly abound. The 
national mind of a people, is like a 
piece of land in the hands of their 
rulers, they may educe from it good 
or bad qualities, they may cultivate 
what virtues they please, 7f they will 
only plant and encourage their growth. 

The writer also adverts to the early 
history of France, and exhibits a 
frightful picture of the disorders and 
excesses under the old dynasties ; but 
what does this prove? Not the incapa- 


Trade with Russia. 


[Feb. 1, 


city of modern France for liberty; 
bné the inherent vices of her old go- 
vernment, which, in the course of so 
many centuries, could train up a people 
to so little wisdom and humanity. 
— 
To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. 
T a moment when it is univer- 
sally confessed that the physical 
agency of Great Britain by far exceeds 
every means yet discovered to find an 
adequate employment for its powers, 
the developement of ene resource in 
which her rising population can be 
called into useful, profitable, and ho- 
nourable exertion, it is hoped may not 
be thought either visionary or fallaci- 
ous; this hope generates into confi- 
dence of ultimate success, when it is 
recollected that in its disclosure the 
mercantile interests of the country, are 
found to bea co-relative object with the 
projector. 

A literary gentleman of general in- 
formation, has it in contemplation to 
offer to the public through the medium 
of the press, a work of considerable 
utility and erudition, which he caleu- 
lates will realize both the before-named 
objects, to be entitled, * Boreo-orien- 
talis et occidentalis Tartarorum Lin- 
gua Polyglotta; or, a yocabulary of 
nouns, numbers, and other common 
and most general words used in the 
thirty-three different nations inhabit- 
ing those immense districts known as 
European and Asiatic Tartary, the 
Bucharys, Kamtschatka, &c. in the 
north east of Europe, and north east 
and west of Asia. With the most cor- 
rect maps of each kingdom, elegantly 
and correctly engraved from a large 
survey, and corrected from astronomi- 
cal observations, in three volumes, 
octavo. 

Eacb vocabulary to be preceded by a 
clear, but brief summary, descriptive 
of every district, where the succeeding 
language is used; containing, among 
other things, an antiquarian retrospect 
of the origin and descent of such na- 
tion ; a geographical description of its 
soil and climate; the manners, reli- 
gion, and peculiar habits of its people ; 
the chief sea-ports, where the coast is 
maritime; its large rivers, canals, 
made by the patriotism of the present 
government for commercial conveni- 
ence; other statistical and beneficial 
regulations; the natural and acquired 
produce of each nation; the usual 

prices 


1822.) 


prices of such produce in Russian and 
British curreacy. And embracing every 
information the philologist, phileso- 
pher, antiquary, statesman, and mer- 
chant can desire. 

The great object of the author is to 
supply agents entitled to the entire 
eonlidence of our mercantile houses 
with proper and adequate information 
to act as factors in the several branches 
of trade carried on with Russian Tar- 
tary, and which knowledge is to be 
acquired chiefly from a competent in- 

‘struction in the languages spoken among 

the inhabitants. This position cannot 
be doubted, nor can the subject be 
thought irrelevant, when the very great 
expense is considered to which the 
Honeurable East India Company have 
in their wisdom thought proper to ex- 
pose themselves, in qualifying of their 
servants in the languages spoken in the 
southern extremity of the Asiatic con- 
tinent; and since the factors hitherto 
employed, have been taken from among 
the studious inhabitants of Poland, 
Sweden, Hungary, and Germany, but 
chiefly from the last kingdom, whose 
general superiority in those and other 
oriental languages have been long con- 
fessed. 

Such are the claims the author and 
his labours have upon the patronage 

-and encouragement of a discriminating 
public. 

The common parents of the present 
Tartarian languages are discovered to 
have been most remotely the Sarr- 
Madain, or, as commonly known, Sar- 
matain, since, from locality of situation, 
denominated Hyperborean, and more 


recently termed Hunno, or Unno Scy- — 


thian: and the ancient Kusan, the sole 
and redoubted ancestor of the modern 
Arabic: from thence these north east- 
ern Europeans and NE, and western 
Asiatics derived their tongues, as did 
many of our more SW. European lan- 
guages come from the same source. 

The first, most general, and consi- 
derable of these Tartarian-genera, ap- 
pears to have been the Kalmuc, or Cal- 
muco-Mungealian, from whence the siv 
following classes are derived. The 
subordinate and component distinctions 
are presumed to have been assuming 
their present definite characters, ever 
gince the wera of the death of the potent 
Zingis,or Chingezhhann, on the division 
of his immense empire among his su- 
bordinate commanders and tributary 
prinees. 

MonTsaLy Mag. No. 364. 


The German Student, No. XX11.—Sehiller. 


20 


Primary—CALMUCO MUNGALIAN. 
cCLAss 1, 

HUNGARIAN TzEcKLERs, livingin Dacia. 
FINNLANDERS, to whom belong the Livo- 
nians, in Courland and Livonia. 
Morbuini, vel Morbua, living in Nysh- 

nygowd, 

WoGLowirTazi, vel Mautscut, of Ugoria, 
in Siberia. 

SZERMISSI, vel Morg, of Cassan. 

PoMEIKI, vel Comi, vel’ SUDAKI, in 
Permia. 

Wotrscki, vel Ant, of Wialka. 

OsTIAKI, vel Cuouri, or the Jrésich in 
Siberia. 

CLASS 2. 

SIBERIAN MAHOMEDAN TARTARS, near 
Fobolskoi, Tumen aud Tara. 

JACKUTI on the Lena. 

Cusacut, in the government of Cassan. 

CLASs 3. 

OsTIAKI, ov the Cby. 

Cossxr, ou the Bonn. 

OsTIakKt, on the Czudim. 

SAMOJEDI-TWAGI, on the Mare Glenale. 

SAMOGEDI-MENZULA, hear the City of 
Torokouskoi, on the Mure Glenale. 

KAmsk 01, rel KHOLOWA, near the Kur um. 

CuAss 4. 

SamMoGJeDI, living between Archangel and 
Pitziora. 

KALMUKI, of pure Mungalean descent. 

MANTeEsCHI, or, Chinese Tartars, for- 
meily tributary to the Pelai-Lama, 
i.e. wandering. 

CLAss 5. 

KAMTSINSKI. 

ARINTZI. 

TANGUINSKOI. 

TonGusi-G@venNt. 

TONGUSI-SCHZBASCHI. 

Kor@k1, Northand West, and Kuru, 
South and East, inhabitants of Kam- 
schatka, on the Promontory of Jedso. 

Cass 6. 

AvaRI, vel AKERI, and CURaALI, inhabi- 
tants of different parts of Mount 
Caucausus. 

Comukt, vel AKERI, living near Dages- 
fon. 

KABUTSCHINI, of Israelitish extraction, 
and 


TZUCKESI. 
—a——_ 


THE GERMAN STUDENT. 
No. XXII. 

SCHILLER’S INTELLECTUAL - SYSTEM. 
N 1785, Schiller undertook to edit 

a periodical miscellany, entitled 
Thalia, in which he inserted many 
prosaic essays, and many occasional 
poems which were afterwards collected. 
The Letters of Julio and Raffaelle de- 
serve notice, as containing thereligi- 
eus creed of Schiller, af which an idea 
E may 


26 


may be formed from the following 
fragment, which, however, is somewhat 
inystically expressed :— 

The universe is a thought of God's. 
After this ideal image m his mind 
burst into reality, and the new-born 
world filled up the sketch of its creator 
—atlow me this heman representation 
—it became the vocation of ail think- 
ing beings to re-discover in the extant 
whole the original outline. To seek 
in the machine its regulator, im the 
phenomenon the law of its production, 
in composition its several unities; and 
thus to trace back the building to its 
plan or scheme, is the highest office of 
contemplation. Nature has for me but 
one phenomenon, the thinking princi- 
ple. The great composition, which we 
call the world, is to me only remarka- 
ble because it is able to indicate to 
me symbolically the various properties 
of the thinking being. Every thing 
within me, and without me, is but the 
hieroglyph of a force analogous to my 
own. The laws of nature are the cy- 
phers which the thinking being adopts 
to make himself intelligible to other 
thinking beings. They are but the 
alphabet, by means of which all spirits 
converse with the perfect spirit, and 
with each other. 

Harmony, truth, order, beauty, ex- 
cellence, give me pleasure, because 
they put me in the active state of an 
inventor, of a possessor; because they 
betray to me the presence of a reason- 
ing and feeling being, and betray to 
me my relation to that being. A new 
experment in this kingdom of truth, 
gravitation, the detected circulation of 
the blood, the classification of Linnaeus, 
are to me originally just the same as 
an antique, dug up at Hereulaneum— 
both and all reflections of a mind—new 
acquaintances with a being like my- 
self. I converse with infinitude through 
the organ of nature, threugh the his- 
tory of the world—and I read the soul 
of the artist in his Apollo.—~ 

Art thou inclinet to be convinced, 
my Raffaelle, enquire backwards. 
Every situation of the human soul finds 
a parable in the physical ereation, by 
which it is represented ; and net only 
the artists and poets, but even the most 
abstract thinkers, have drawn from this 
magazine. Lively activity we call fire ; 
- time is a’stream which rolls vehement- 
ly along; eternity is a circle; a mys- 
tery veils itself in midnight; and truth 
dwells in the sunshine. Yes, I begin 
to believe even that the future fate of 


The German Student, No. XXEI.—Schiller. 


(Keb: I, 


the human mind is announced before- 
hand by the oracle of creation. Every 
coming spring, whieh drives the sprouts 
of the plants from the lap of earth, 
gives an explanation ef the anxious 
riddie of death, and refuses my appre- 
hensions of an eternal sleep. The 
swallow, which we find torpid in the 
winter, and behold reviving with the 
vernal season, the dead grab, which 
rises rejuvenated inte the air as a but- 
terfly, afferd us a striking emblem of 
our immortality. 

How notice-worthy does every thing 
pow become! Now, Raffaefle. all is 
znimated around me, There is for me 
no longer a desert any wiiere in nature. 
Wherever I discover a body, I infer a 
spirit. Wherever F observe motion, 
presume thought. Where no corpse 
lies buried. where no resurreetion im- 
pends, ommipotence speaks to me 
through her works, and I understand 
the doctrine of the omnipresence of 
God. 

All spirits are attracted. by perfection. 
All—there may be deviations, but there 
is no single exception—all strive after 
the condition of the highest free evolu- 
tion of their forees; all possess the 
common instinct to extend their acti- 
vity, to draw every thing to themselves, 
to collect within themselves, to appro- 
priate whatever they recognize as good, 
as excellent, as charming. Intuition 
of the beautiful, of the true, of the ex- 
cellent, is instantaneous appropriation 
ef these qualities. Whatever situation 
we perceive, into that we pass. At the 
moment when we imagine them, we 
are partakers of virtue, authors of ae- 
tion, discoverers of truth. enjoyers of 
happiness. We, ourselves, become the 
ebjeet we contemplate. Do not puzzle 
me here, Raffaetle, with aw equivoeal 
smile; this assumpiion is that on 
which F build my consequences, and we 
must be agreed in grasping it, if IT am 
to have the courage to complete my 
scheme. 

Internat feeling betrays to every one 
something of this kind. If, for in- 
stance, we are admiring an act of ge- 
nerosity, bravery, or prudence, does 
not a secret consciousness stir within 
us that we are able to do the like? 
Does not the glowing blush which eo- 
lours our cheek at (be narration of suel: 
a deed, betray that our modesty trem- 
bles at the idea of all miration ; that we 
are embarrassed under the praise which 
this ennoblement of our nature is to 
prepare? Yes, our beady itself conforms 

at 


1822. 


at this moment ¢o the attitudes of the 
acting man, and openly proclaims that 
our souls have passed into the condition 
of his. If thou hast ever been present, 
Raflaelle, when a great event was re- 
fated to a numerous assembly, hast 
thou not seen in the narrator how he 
himself expected the incense, how he 
himself absorbed the approbation, 
which was to he offered to his here. 
And if thou wert the narrator, wouldst 
thou net be able to catch thy heart in 
this pleasing ilusien ? 

Instances must occur, to you, how 
warmly J can compete with tke very 
friend of my bosom for the luxury of 
reading aloud a fine anecdote, or an 
excellent poem; and my heart secretly 
owns to me, that itcan grudge even to 
you ithe taurel, which in such cases 
passes over from the author to the 
reader. A quick and intimate relish 
fer the beauty of virttie, is universally 
tinderstoed to indicate a talent for vir- 
tue. On the other hand, no one hesi- 
tates to mistrust the hearé of a man, 
whose head slowly and reluctantly 
compreherds moral heauty. 

- Do not object te me, that on the 
lively recognition of any perfection, 
will often arise in the mind an idea of 
the antithetic or precisely opposite im- 
perfection. Even the criminal is eften 
assailed by virtuews propensities; and 
the coward may feel enthusiasm for 
Herculean greatness. I know for in- 
stance, that our admired Haller, who 
has so spiritedly unmasked the nothing- 
ness of formal titles, and te whese phi- 
losophic greatness I pay a willing tri- 
bute of admiration, was not able to de- 
spise a star of knighthood. I am con- 
vinced that, in the happy moment of 
conception, the artist, the philosopher, 
and the poet, are really the great and 

ood men whose image they pourtray. 

ut this ennoblement of soul is in 
many an unnatural state, violently 
produced by a quicker movement of 
the blood, and a warmer glow of the 
fancy, aud which as quickly faints and 
cools as any other sort of intoxication, 
leaving the wearied heart only an easier 
captive to low passions. An easier, I 
say, for experience teaches that the 
relapsed criminal is always the more 
desperate one; and the renegades of 
virtue seek to be rid of the burdensome 
eonstraint of remorse, by flinging them- 
selves more frequently into the sweet 
arms of vice. 

I wanted to prove, my Raffaelle, that 
it is our own condifion when we feel 


The German Student, 


No. XXilI—Schiller. 27 


anothers; that any perfection becomes 
ours during the moment that we awaken 
the idea of it, and that our delight in 
truth, beauty, and virtue, is wholly 
referable to the consciousness of our 
personalamelioration and ennoblement. 
And this, I think I have proved. 

We have ideas of the wisdom of the 
supreme being, of his goodness, of his 
justice, but none of his omnipotence. 
To denote his power, we assist our- 
selves with the partial 1epresentation 
of three successions— nothing, his will, 
and something. It is dark and void ; 
God exclaims: Light; and light is. 
Had we a real idea ef his effective on- 
nipotence, we should be creators like 
him. 

Every perfection, therefore, which I 
perceive, becomes my own, and gives 
me pleasure because it is my owa: I 
covet it, because I love myself. Per- 
fection in nature is no property of 
matter, but of minds. All minds are 
happy through their perfection. I de- 
sire the happiness of all minds, because 
1 love myself. The happiness which 
[ represent to inyself becomes my hap- 
piness; therefore 1 desire to awaken, 
to multiply, to exalt such representa- 
tions; therefore I desire to spread 
happiness around me. Whatever beau- 
ty, whatever perfection, whatever en- 
joyment I produce without me, I also 
produce within me. Whatever T neg- 
lect or destroy, to myself alse I neglect 
and destroy. I desire the happiness of 
others, because I desire my own: and 
this desire of the happiness of others is 
termed benevolence. 

Now, my valued Raffaelle, let us 
look around. The hill is climbed, the 
mist is dissipated, and, as before a 
blooming landscape, I stand amidst in- 
finitude. A purer sunshine has cleared 
up all my ideas. 

Love, then—the fairest phenomenon 
of the animated creation, the almighty 
magnetism of the spiritual world, the 
source of devotion, and of the sub- 
limest virtue—love is but the reflection 
of this single force, an attraction of the 
excellent, based on a momentary change 
of personality, a transmigration of 
being. 

When T hate, I take something away 
from myself; when I love, I become 
richer by what I love. Forgiveness is 
the recovery of a lost property. Mi- 
santhropy is a perpetual suicide. Egot- 
isin is the highest poverty of a created 
being. 

Schiller then proceeds fo carry on 

his 


28 


his declamations in verse, but this may 
suffice to give an idea of his intellectual 
system, which has many features of 
the ancient pantheism. We will re- 
turn to his dramatic works on some 
future occasion. 
—>—_—_ 
For the Monthly Magazine. 

TRANSLATION of a REPORT, presented 

to the KING, by BARON PORTAL, on 

FRENCH GUIANA, Judy 1, 1821. 

OUBTS having arisen as to the 

possibility of introducing labour- 
ers, and forming agricultural settle- 
ments in French Guiana, a more ex- 
tensive and formal examination be- 
came, in some measure, necessary, as 
a prelude to the establishing of any 
colony. Accordingly, in obedience to 
the king’s orders, three commissaries 
set out from Havre, September 3, 1820, 
and arrived at Cayenne on the 20th of 
October. There three commissioners, 
selected from the local residents, were 
to share in their labours. 

On the 29th the commissioners em- 
barked for the Mana, distant about fifty 
leagues, and on the 5th of November 
the Isere, a king’s brig, on board of 
which they were, reached the entrance 
of that river. 

The company composing the com- 
mission, with a military detachment, 
consisting chiefly of workmen and Ga- 
liois Indians, ‘hired at Tracoubo, and on 
the Maroni, sailed in the Isere Sagolette, 
to the height of eleven leagues. 

From this point, which is on this 
side of the first Waterfall, and where the 
principal post was established, eleven 
detachments were sent out in different 
directions to reconnoitre the Organabo, 
the Iracoubo, and the Maroni. 

The Mana was ascended to about fifty 
leagues from its mouth, and the lands 
on both sides were explored toa consi- 
derable depth. Besides other of its 
tributary streams, the Tracoubo, the 
Couanama were navigated, either up- 
wards or downwards, with the sounding 
lead in hand. 

Seventeen journals or reports, and 
three charts in four folios, delineate 
the operations. heth of the commis- 
sioners and of the officers of the royal 
marine, and other persons who assisied 
in the survey. 

The region of the Lowlanils. or the 
Alluvial Districts, as they are termed, 
do not stretch above three leagues 
and a half fromthe mouth of the Mana. 
At the same distance the insects of 
the marshes disappear. In advancing 


Baron Portal’s Report on French Guiana. 


[ feb. 1, 


further the lauds eho alternately 
level, and slightly undnlated ; the soil, 
on approaching the high lands, gra- 
duates from indifferent to good, and 
becomes excellent, especially in the 
whole length of the left bauk, and still. 
more in proceeding towards the Ma- 
rodi. 

The lands are covered with trees of 
different kinds, well adapted in general 
for all the purposes of timber. Harri- 
canes and the yellow fever are un- 
known in Guiana, The country is in- 
tersected with rivers that disembogue 
into the Mana and the Maroni, and 
either already navigable, or capable of 
being easily made so. 

The thirteen falls in the Mana, in the 
distance between eleven leagues above 
its mouth fo an advance of about fifty 
more, may he passed over at all times 
by canoes and flat-bottomed boats. In 
the rainy season the falls disappear, and 
there is a sufficiently strong current of 
water. 

From observations made during forty- 
five successive days at the principal 
post, the average of the greatest heat is 
22 degrees ofReaumur. The tempera- 
ture more moderate in the higher 
parts. a3 

Two posts have been fixed on the 
Mana, the principal one distant about 
eleven leagues, and another about seven 
from its mouth. The former is the 
highest point that barges and other 
vessels can reach, under the present 
circumstances; the second, in all ap- 
pearance, would be as far as any Euro- 
pean vessel could penetrate. Should a 
colony be established, its situation 
would render it the seat of government 
and business in general. 

The operations on the Mana termi- 
nated Dec. 25, 1820. 

One part of their instructions the 
conunissioners were unable to execute, 
penetrating further into the interior, 
and by surmounting the heights, to get 
at the source of the Oyapock ; but the 
rainy season approaching, and with it 
the rise of the rivers, these were obsta- 
eles which, in an unknown country, 
could not be overcome. It is, however, 
intended, by. means of the establish- 
ments already fixed on the Mana, to 
accomplish the whole object of the com- 
mission. 

The principal aim has already been 
attained, as the commandant and go- 
vernor-general for the king at Cayenne, 
has signified in a letter to Baron Portal.” 

Between the Mana and the Maroni, 

and 


1822.] 


and especially from the 5% degrees to 
the 43 degrees of north latitade, the 
whole country is accessible, and pre- 
sents so many circumstances subser- 
vient to the advantages of population 
and industry, that considering the ex- 
tent it would be difficult to find a space 
parallel to it on the surface of the 
globe. 

Notwithstanding the fatigues inse- 
parable from such an expedition, not 
one of those who embarked in it suffer- 
ed from any bodily complaint. 

Some difficulties will, at first, attend 
getting inured to the climate, but with 
the precautions recommended by M. 
le Baron Laussat, these will be very 
much lessened. 

M. Laussat, the governor, gives it as 
his opinion that the new colony, differing 
totally from the oueactually established 
in all its local relations, should form 
a government altogether separate and 
distinct. 

In conclusion, the possibility of form- 
ing a colony of French families and 
cultivators on the left bauk of the Ma- 
na is announced as an incontrovertible 
fact. 

The baron then touches on certain 
preparatory measures that would be re- 
quisite, and terminates his paper by 
an address to the king, requesting his 
majesty to authorise him, im concert 
with a commission to be appointed, to 
investigate the plan and means of colo- 
nising a settlement on the Mana. 

——— a 
LYCEUM OF ANTIENT LITERA- 
TURE. 
No. XXXIV.* 


TIBULLUS. 

ligt poet is generally ranked the 

_ third in the celebrated trio of 
amatory and elegiac Latin poets; but 
were the appeal to be made from the 
prescriptive authority of erudite com- 
mentators and professed critics, to the 
plain common sense and better feelings 
of readers of cultivated taste and un- 
biassed judgment, it is highly probable 
that the sentence of established opinion 
might be so far reversed, that many 
inight be inclined to assign the first 


* This interesting series was disconti- 
nued by the decease of its able contributor, 
the late Rev. Okey Belfour, and from the 
difficulty of finding a gentleman qualified 
to sustain it with equal spirit. We hope, 
however, that in the judgment of our read- 
ers, such a person has at length been found. 


Lyceum of Ancient Literature.—No. XXXIV. 


29 


place to the subject of the present ar- 
ticle. The beauties of Tibullus are as 
exclusively his own, as those of Catul- 
Jus and Propertius are peculiar to their 
respective authors ; and the two latter 
writers are chargeable with many gross 
faults, from which the former is uni-. 
versally acknowledged to be free. In 
order to illustrate the comparative me- 
rit of these rival bards, it may not be 
amiss, before proceeding with our ob- 
servations on Tibullus, to revert briefly 
to some of the characteristic beanties 
and faults of the poets of Umbria and 
Verona. 

The reputation of Propertius stands 
so high among his admirers, the more 
learned in particular, that it is almost 
a hazardous experiment to descant 
upon it with too great freedom. In 
their estimation, he is of all elegiac 
poets, facile princeps ; and if any par- 
tial failure is at times discoverable, it is 
to be attributed to his talent soaring 
above his theme. Perhaps, however, it 
would be more equitable,while we award 
the full meed of praise to the powerful 
genius, the spirit and energy, the grace, 
and vivacity, that are conspicuous in his 
writings, to admit that they contain 
much that we ean admire, but little in 
which we can sympathize; that his 
verse is frequently the effusion of an 
ostentatious pedant, rather than that 
of a sincere lover, whose mind would 
scarcely be at sufficient ease to admit 
of endless allusions to mythology; 
which, though they may exhibit the 
erudition of the author, and supply a 
very amusing exercise for the com- 
mentator, have little connexion with 
the language of real passion; that the 
want of genuine feeling is often at- 
tempted to be concealed under a studied 
pomp of expression; and that an ob- 
vious want of ease is but too discernible 
in his style, where such a deficiency is 
particularly objectionable; and when 
the strain professes to flow warm from 
the heart, we find that “the line labours, 
and the words move slow.’ Nor can 
we forget that many of his subjects are 
of the most repreliensible kind, and 
such as cannot he extenuated by the 
prevailing manners of the age: on one 
occasion, especially,* he has thought 
proper to exhibit himself in a character 


‘so infamous, that few men could be 


found willing to sustain it, and fewer 
still to publish their disgrace. 
With regard to Catullas, his beauties 


~ * Vid Prop. lib..1.el.19. 


are 


‘ 


30 


are indeed superior to all praise, and 
te feel them, it is only necessary to un- 
derstand the writer. To great concise- 
ness of expression and striking origi- 
nality of ideas, he unites a style, sim- 
ple without vulgarity, elegant without 
being laboured, and peculiar without 
the appearance of singularity. In the 
happy use of diminutives, and theal- 
most honied sweetness of his language, 
he has infused a softness, approaching 
to that of the modern Italian, in‘o the 
terseness and vigour of the Roman 
song. Bui, with all these excellencies, 
on how few occasions can we admire 
him without reserve: how seldom has 
his spirit been “ finely touched to fine 
issues!"? No writer has exercised so 
lamentable a perversion of such pre- 
eminent powers; the grossness of his 
conceptions but too frequently keep 
pore with the elegance of his style, ana 

is abilities on these occasions appear 
to be exerted with a view to reconcile 
us to subjects in the highest degree dis- 
gusting and revolting. With an ima- 
gination + wed vivid and lewd, he 
trampled decency and delicacy under 
foot with golden sandals, and when he 
bore his offering to the temple of the 
muses, the tribute was at once a dese- 
cration and an ornament to their 
shrine. 

But in the lays of Tibullus, we find 
no such drawbacks on our enjoyment ; 
the p'easure they afford us, whatever 
be its degree, we can always taste un- 
alloyed; the judgment is not revolted 
by pedantry, nor the feelings disgusted 
by pictures of gross obscenity. He may 
not be able to boast of the almost in- 
toxicating sweetness of Catullus, and he 
may beexcelled by Propertius in splen- 
dour and dignity of versification, but, 
as we have before observed, he has 
steered clear of the errors which dis- 
figured the productions of his competi- 
tors. When to these remarks we add 
that his peculiar beauties were perhaps 
more appropriate to his subjects than 
any that he could have borrowed from 
ather sources, we think it will not be 
difficult to draw a correct deduction 
from the comparison we have been in- 
duced to institute between the three 
elegiac poets. 

The short and inactive life of Aulus 
Albins Tibullus, could afford but scan- 
ty materials to the biographer, and 
even these have been but imperfectly 
collected. We have no authentic in- 
formation either as to the place or the 
date of his birth, though he is known to 


’ 


Lyceum of Ancient Literature.—No. XXXIV. 


-tan age. 


[Feb. 1, 


have been contemporary with Virgil, 
Horace and Ovid, and to have partici- 
pated with them in the honour of add- 
ing to the literary glories of the Augus- 
At an early period of his 
life, he followed his friend, Messala Cor- 
vinus, (to whom he afterwards address- 
ed two of his elegies, one of them an 
eulogium on his virtues,) to Corcyra. 
But he soon relinquished the pursuit 
of arms; the toils of war were not te 
his taste, nor its glories the objects of 
his ambition. Indeed his sentiments 
on this head are pretty clearly expressed 
in his works: 


“Quis fuit horrendos primus qui protulit 


enses? 
Quam ferus, et veré ferreus ille fuii !”* 
He returned to Rome, and resigning 
himself to the indolence and luxury of 
the age and climate, he became a_ poet 
and a gallant; aspiring to no glories 
but literary honours, and courting no 
combats but those of love. He was ex- 
tremely amorous, and appears to have 
indulged freely in the gratification of 
his propensities. In this respect, in- 
deed, he was much favoured both by 
nature and fortune, being possessed 
of great wealth, as well as superior 
personal attractions and accomplish- 
vaents. For this, we have the authority 
of his friend Horace, who, addressing 
him, says, 
—_ “ Di tibi formam, 
Ditibi divitias dederunt, artemque fruendi 
Quid voyeat dulci nutricula majus alumno, 
Qui sapere et fari possit que sentiat, et cui 
Gratia, fama, valetudo contingat abundé?”’+ 


Constancy does not appear to have 
been his virtue, nor did he think it ne- 
cessary to restrict to one nymph only, 
either the ardour of his flame, or the 
homage of his muse. Delia and Plautia, 
Nemesis, Nera, and Sulpicia, are 
each of them, by turns, the themes of 
his praises. Posterity, however, has no 
reason to regret either the warmth or 
the fickleness of his character as a 
lover, since we are indebted to it for his 
four books of elegies, the only compo- 
sitions of his now extant. They are of 
unrivalled elegance and beauty in that 
style of writing, and their graces of 
diction can only be equalled by their 
purity of sentiment. The author, 
though amorous, is no where licentious; 
and his elegies display a union of chaste- 
ness and warmth. rarely found in ama- 
tory poetry, particularly of that period. 


* Tibul. lib. 1. el. 10. 
+ Horat. 1. ep.4. 
His 


1822.) 


His language always appears the ge- 
nuine expression of his feelings; of 
one who sits down to write what he 
thinks, not to think what heshall write. 
In native pathos he stands perhaps 
alone; and the graces of fascinating 
simplicity which every where encoun- 
ter us in his verse, make us ready to 
exclaim of it, as lhe does of his own 
Sulpicia, 

“Mille habet ornatus ; 

habet.”* 

Few writers have met with more just 
or more general admiration ; and it is 
difficult to select excellencies where all 
is beautiful. Perhaps nothing in his 
elegies is more tender and spirited, than 
the manner in which he proposes to sur- 
prise his mistress. 

“ At tu casta, precor, maneas, sanctique 
pudoris 

Assideat custos sedula semper ants. 
Hec tibi fabellas referat, positaque lu- 

cerna, 

Deducat pleno stamina longa colo. 

Tune veniam subito, ne quisquam nuntiet 
anté 

Sed videar celo missus adesse tibi. 
Tunc mihi, qualis eris, longos turbata ca- 

pillos, 

Obvia nudato, Delia, curre pede.”+ 

His praise of Sulpicia is among his 
best known productions; the compli- 
ment, 

“llam quicquid agit, quoquo vestigia 

flectit, 

Componit furtim, subsequiturque decor.’’t 
has never beenequalled. But it would 
be tedious indeed to cite all the striking 
passages in his elegies. The descrip- 
tion of his jealousy,§ of the slavery of 
love,|| his wish not to survive Nezra,] 
Sulpicia’s confession,** and his rap- 
turous song of triumph on the posses- 
sion of his mistress,t+ are equally ad- 
mirable, and alike remarkable for 
sweetness and simplicity. 

His career, however, was of short du- 
ration; he was cut off in the very 
flower of youth; it would appear by 
consumption, to judge from the beauti- 
ful elegy, in which he describes so 
affectingly his prospect of premature 
dissolution.{{ This elegy has been ad- 
mirably imitated in English, by Mr. 
West, the ingenious and amiable young 
friend of the poet Gray. 

He appears to have been intimate 
with all the principal literary charac- 


mille decenter 


* Lib. 4. el. 2. + Lib. 1. el. 3. 
t Lib. 4. el. 2. § Lib. ]. el. 8. 
|| Lib. 2. el. 4. q Lib. 3. el. 2. 


** Lib. 4.el.7. ++ Lib. 4. el. 13. 
ff Lib. 3. el. 5. 


Letiers from ihe South of Italy. 


3l 


ters of his time. Beside the epistle 
addressed to him by Horace, which 
has been already mentioned, that poet 
wrote a consolatory ode to him on the 
cruelty of Glycera.* Ovid makes 
friendly mention of him inhis Tristia,f 
and has lamented his early death, in one 
of the most beautiful and pathetic of 
all his elegies.t 

Though Tibullus has had almost in- 
numerable imitators, it has not been 
his fortune to meet with a good Eng- 
lish translator. The love elegies of 
Hammond, indeed, could they be 
classed as a translation, would form an 
honourable exception; they breathe the 
very spirit of the Roman poet. and are 
replete with sweetness and elegance ; 
but they must be cons‘dered as para- 
phrastic adaptations, rather than a 
version of Tibullus. 

Cowley has given us an imitation of 
a celebrated passage of this poet, which 
may be numbered among the happiest 
attempts of any writer at a faithful and 
spirited rendering of his original, 

‘6 Sic ego secretis possim bene vivere sylvis, 
Qua nulla humano fit via trita pede. 

Tu mihi curarum requies, tu nocte vel atr& 
Lumen, et in solis tu mibi turba Jocis.”§ 
The following is Cowley’s translation: 

s¢ With thee for ever I in woods could rest, 

Where never human foot the ground hath 

press’d ; 

Thoy canst all darkness from the night 

exclude, 

And in a desart banish solitude!” 

The poems of Tibullus are usually 
printed together with those ef Catullus 
and Propertius. The best editions of 
their collected works, are those of Vul- 
pius, Patavii, 1737, 1749. 1755; of 
Barbou, 12mo. Paris, 1755; and of 
Heyne, 8vo. Lips. 1776. 

—s— 
For the Monthly Magazine. 

LETTERS from the SOUTH of ITALY, by 

a recent Traveller. 
(Concluded from our last). 
LETTER VI. 
Syracuse, 31st Aug. 1819. 
HE litters,which are no longer used 
in France, are a species of carriage 
without wheels,with double seats before 
and behind, and borne by two strong 
mules. The bad roads of Sicily have 
occasioned this manner of travelling ; 
in fact, there is not, from the largest to 
the smallest town in the island, a sin- 
gle practicable route for carriages. It 
is the only thing which makes the Si- 


* Hor. lib. 1. od. 33. + Trist.2. v. 487. 
{ Ov. am. 3. el. 9. § Lib. 4. el. 13. 
cilians 


cillatis regret that the French did not 
pay thema visit. They have the ex- 
ample of Italy, which the French 
haye so well divided into routes and 
great roads. You march in this manner 
followed by one conductor on feot,and 
another mounted on a third mule, ear- 
rying the provisions. All these mules 
-are loaded with bells, the continual 
noise of which is far from being agree- 
able. At some miles distanee from 
Catania, we crossed the river of Gia- 
retta in a ferry boat. Soon after the 
dawn appeared to lighten a roeky, un- 
fertile and desert country, which in no 
way announced to me the approach of 
Syracuse. Fatigued with the balancing 
of my litter, a mode of travelling 
which curiosity alone induced me take, 
I frequently got out and walked. But 
the heat of the sun, ina country where 
the rock is exposed, where no shade of 
@ tree is to be found, was insupportable. 
I breakfasted in one of the poorest inns 
Thad ever seen. In a little time we 
arrived near toa heap of stones, in the 
form of a pyramid, which I was told 
was the fomb of a son or nephew of 
Marcellus; this monument, which is in 
as rninous a state as might be expected 
from acollection of large cubic stones, 
joined without cement, appeared to me 
rather to have been erected in memory of 
some victories. A hill still concealed 
from us the view of Syracuse ; but sud- 
denly it appeared before our eyes, on 
a peninsula in the middle of the sea. 
We crossed several bridges and fortifi- 
eations which covered the isthmus that 
joins Syracuse to the continent, leay- 
ing the great port to the right and 
towards the south We arrived at last 
in the country of Archimedes, in that 
city, rendered illustrious by his de- 
fence against the whole of the Roman 
forces in the reign of Dionysius. Dur- 
ing the dinner @ ’ Anglaise which was 
served up to me in the inn (the En- 
glish in fact are the only travellers seen 
in this country) I enquired of my host 
whether I could have a eciceroni; he 
answered in the affirmative, and accord- 
ingly sent me a very intelligent one, 
hy hic account; he was a kind of signor 
who thought he could speak French. 
Perceiving that I did not very well 
understand him, he told me that he 
was not accustomed to that language, 
but that he knew English better; I 
then spoke to him in English, which 
surprised him, and mortified him ex- 
ceedingly, for he knew neither one nor 
the other. For want of a better I re- 


32 Leilers from the South of Italy. 


| Feb. }, 


tained him, and his dress of a gentle- 
man made me engage him to sit at 
table with me. 

Syracuse, founded seven hundred 
and thirty-five years béfore the Chris- 
tian era, by Archias. ef Corinth, became 
one of the richest cities in the world, 
to such a degree, that it was said, im 
speaking of the employment of a large 
sum—* with the tenth part of the Syra- 
cusans, no mere could be done.’ It 
was for a long time the real capital of 
Sicily; it provided succonrs for the 
other cities, and, alone, arrested the 
progress of the Carthagimians: having 
fallen into decay, Augustus restored . 
to if a portion of its splendour, by re- 
building one of its quarters. 

My curiosity at first led me towards 
the fountain of Arethusa, the water of 
which, formerly mild and clear, has. 
heen the theme of the poets ; but now, 
on account of an earthquake, it has 
become brackish. This fountain has 
no piciuresque nor regular form ; 
encumbered with modern ruins, m 
place of being covered with fair and 
blooming nymphs, I saw only vulgar 
women, black and sunburnt, and -sol- 
diers in their shirts, whieh was far 
from satisfying my curiosity. You 
know what rank that nymph, the com- 
panion of Diana, holds in mythology. 
It is said that the river Alpheus, which 
takes its source in the Peloponnesus, 
came under the sea to join Arethusa in 
this place. The antients believed this 
fact so much the more, as a vase, fallen 
at Olympus into the Alpheus, had re- 
appeared at Syracuse. As for the rest, 
this fountain is very far from furnish- 
ing so great a quantity of water as that 
of Nismes. From thence I went to the 
temple of Minerva, the cathedral of 
which has been made by wedging in the 
pillars into the lateral walls; they are 
much smaller at the top than at the 
bottom, where their diameter is nearly 
six feet; the chapiter appears Tonic ; 
each is composed of two or three enor- 
mous stones, notched into twenty flut- 
ings; the substance of it is sufficiently 
hard, and was taken from the environs 
of the city; it is called Syracusan 
stone. The pillars, to the number of 
forty, are elevated by twenty-seven 
feet, and the cornices by six. La Cella 
has fourteen pillars on each side. The 
temple is sixty feet wide and one hun- 
dred and forty long; it produces an 
effect nearly similar to that of Neptune 
at Pestum, which, however, has two 


columns more on each side. 
My 


4822. 


_ My céceroni wishing, he sai, te shew 
me what he had not shewn to other 
Atravellers, pointed out two pillars still 
‘standing of the temple of Diana, for- 
merly the finest of Syracuse ; J did not 
take the dimensions of the two chapi- 
ters which exist in the larder of a pri- 
vate house, they are enormous and 
wery similar. I was assured, that 
notched as I saw them in the remain- 
der of the wall, they might be taken 
for the rock itself, and that the master 
of the house, wishing to make a reser- 
voir for water, on digging them, was 
quite surprised to find the joint_of the 
shaft. : 

The present city of Syracuse possesses 
nothing curious, if we except by all 
means its fortifications, which, joined 
to its excellent situation, renders it a 
-very strong fortified town. At one side 
of the city is the great port, which isa 
mile broad at its mouth, and five or 
six in circumference. It was on the 
opposite bank that the fameus battle 
took place between the Syracusans and 
the Athenians, commanded by Nicias 
and Demosthenes; en ‘the other-side is 
the small -port where Archimedes 
burned the Roman gallies, carried 
them away and broke them on the 
rock: the place is still shown where 
these machines were found. Near to 
the city is a marble pillar, nearly 
twelve feet in circumference, and the 
pedestals dug out with some others, 
at equally proper distances; it is the 
site of the ancjent forum of Neapolis, 
for the city of Syracuse was composed 
of four others: viz. 

Ortygia, in the peninsula. 

Neapolis, at the bottom of the hill, and 
uear the great port. 

Tica, on the hill. 

Acradina, at the bottom of the hill, and 
near the small port. 

According to Strabo it comprised a 
fifth, viz. Epipoloe. 

The whole, it is said, were twenty- 
one miles in circumference, and con- 
tained 1,500,000. inhabitants. We 
coasted along that part of Neapolis 
which looks to the sea, and entered 
Tica, constantly walking on a sharp 
rock. I saw some remains of tombs, 
but none possessed any remarkable 
form. The traces of ancient streets 
fixed my atteution; they were neither 
wide, nor straight, nor well cut. It 
appeared to me, during the whole 
of my jowney, that even at Rome, with 
the exception of the consular routes, 
ox those necessary for the march of the 

MontuLy Mac. No. 364. 


Letters from the South of Taly. 


33 
armies, the ancients neglected this 
interesting part. I theu went towards 
the ancient fort which commands the 
four cities, and followed an aqueduct 
dug in the rock, which is two feet wide 
and nearly five in height. 

Those heaps of vast cubic stones over 
which we walked, are the remains of 
walls; they were seven or eight feet 
wide, and built without cement, like 
those of Peestum. ; 

In fine. we entered the interior of 
the grand fort of Syracuse. This vast 
subterraneous place, which communi- 
cates with Ortygia, was dug by Denis; 
it isofa fine construction, and cavalry 
four a-breast may easily pass through 
it. 

The fortress is a long, square build- 
ing, terminating on one side by four 
enormous massive stones, nine feet in 
width, fifteen in length, and twenty 
in height ; they leave between them a 
space of eight feet, from which the war- 
like machines, the balistas, &c. were 
discharged. I was surprised to see the 
whole of the apertures directed in the 
same way, which seemed to prove, by 
the distance of the walls from the fort, 
that the projectiles went much further 
than-we could ‘imagine. By carefully 
carrying away the rubbish which fill 
the intervening places, perhaps some 
remains might be found of the ma- 
chines of Archimedes. 

Being seated on the fort, and regard- 
ing the sea, [had on my right the large 
port, Ortygia, and the small port ; and 
on my left a port where the fleet of Mar- 
cellus lay at anchor at the time of the 


siege. 


On the slope of the hill, about two 
or three hundred paces from the fort, 
isa great wall which Denis constructed 
in forty days; a work which will sur- 
prise us at first, unless we consider that 
there were no difficulty in the trans- 
port, the matter being found on the 
soil itself. On turning round I per- 
ceived Mount Hybla-major, famous 
for its honey ; it supplies the waters of 
the city; and Mount Hybla-minor, © 
smaller, but nearer to the eye. In the 
time of Augustus the town of Hybla had. 
already been destroyed ; it was founded 
by the Doriens. 1 was afterward con- 
dueted towards a rock, the form of 
which seemed to indicate an ancient 
fort. I found there some men working 
at a kind of telegraph ; they showed me 
a very curious excavation: viz. a real 
bottle dug into the rock ; its neck was 
almost three feet in width, but I fear 

F not 


34 
not asserting that its greatest diame- 
ter is at least twelve feet, and its depth 
eighteen. It is generally conceived to 
have been a reservoir of water, and that 
a fort was built on the rock. 

At the feot of the hill, between the 

two forts, is a small village, the inha- 
bitants of which seem truly happy. I 
breakfasted with a peasant, who gave 
me the best reception which I had yet 
had in Sicily. I don’t mean to say, 
however, that I have cause to complain 
of the Sicilians. After the first sur- 
prise which my quality of Frenchman 
caused them, I found them always ho- 
nest, and even obliging ; and these peo- 
ple, not having seen any Frenchmen for 
a long time, have only the idea which 
our friends, the English, have left re- 
specting us ; they are almost astonish- 
ed to see us with human forms. 
‘ We desceuded the opposite side of 
the hill, by the extremity of Neapolis, 
in coasting along a second aqueduct, 
(dug also in the rock) which conducted 
the water into that part of thecity. Un- 
til this place the whole mountain seem- 
ed to me a volcanic swelling, and soon 
after I found at the foot of it some 
stones really volcanic, and two black 
apertures, from whence they had pro- 
bably issued. These caverns are not 
more extraordinary than those of Fez, 
in Africa, which throw out smoke, 
and sometimes flames; but it is sur- 
prising to see here neither ashes nor 
lava. 

Tarrived, by a better road, across a 
wood of thinly-planted olives, at a 
theatre dug in the rock; it is vast 


and of a very picturesque effect. A . 


mill, trees, and reeds occupy the mid- 
dle of it. Its upper diameter is 444 
spans; the steps are eighteen inches 
high, and over two of them, larger than 
thesothers, is a Greek inscription, indi- 
cating the divinities to whom it was 
dedicated. Above the theatre is the 
mouth of the first aqueduct, which 1 
have before mentioned; the water es- 
capes from it and falls into a cavern of a 
very singular form. Under the latter 
is the aperture of another vanal, which, 
I was told, was to receive the waters of 
the first, in the event of the enemy 
having destroyed it. I cannot conceive 
why it was then dug immediately un- 
der the other; I think it was for quite 
another purpose. 

About fifty paces from the cavern is 
aspace, fifteen feet wide, and the same 
in height, dug in the rock, and which 
is prolonged toadistance. Do not ima- 


Letters from the South of Italy. 


[ Feb. 1, 


gine, however, that this has been a 
subterraneous place; its upper extre- 
mity is on a level with the soil. 

It is called the Street of the Tombs. 
On both sides are square doots, which 
lead into chambers carelessly dug, each 
of which contains the remains of two, 
three, and often four individuals ; some, 
however, contain only one; the third 
on the left for instance, which is said to 
be that of Archimedes; but there no 
longer remains any thing in these asy- 
lums where we might have hoped for 
peace; cupidity has destroyed all, no- 
thing is to be seen but the place where 
the marble inscriptions were found. 
In vain would you seek for that sphere 
inscribed in a cylinder, which Cicero 
saw at the entrance of the greatest 
tomb of the Syracusans. 

In returning towards Syracuse along 
the theatre, you arrive on the steep 
banks of a vast excavation, the bottom 
of which, covered with trees, resembles 
areal garden; it is the quarry from 
whence the pillars of the temple of Mi- 
nerva, and probably the materials of a 
great part of Syracuse were taken. In 
the middle, ona kind of tower or pyra- 
mid, contrived in the rock, are the re- 
mains of a sthall monument, where sat 
the guard of the prisons established in 
this place. These quarries are immense, 
and, in some parts, the capacity of the 
vaults is frightful by its extent. In the 
time of Dionysius, the tyrant, an infi- 
nite number of prisoners passed their 
lives in this sad abode, and even mul- 
tiplied their species. 

You have read of the famous ear 
of Dionysius, which is in this same ex- 
cavation. I know not why this name 
has been given fo an excavation, which 
has truly the form of an ass’s ear. 
Dionysius was first a king of Syracuse, 
and afterwards a professor and school- 
master at Corinth; so that when he 
could no longer tyrannize over men, 
he was determmned: to do it over chil- 
dren. The interior is a corridor turn- 
ing to the right to return afterwards to 
the left, and which suddenly stops, as 
if it had not been finished. It is 252 
feet long, eighteen in width at the en- 
trance, and thirty at the middle. The 
height is eighty feet, and the vault be- 
coming narrower at the top, carried the 
sounds into a small square room, where 
Dionysius placed himself to hear the 
conversation of the prisoners. You 
mount into this chamber in a basket, 
to which a rope is attached. The 
acoustic properties of this cavern in- 

duced 


1822.] 


a 
a 
i i + 


i 


G 


Enormoue extent of the Slave Trade. 


a. 
Dit 
} 


30 


BB 
; iid 


aluced me to carry away some powder, 
which I enclosed in a piece of paper, 
squeezed it hard, and having set fire to 
it, it caused a detonation, a frightful 
rolling in the vaults. You see aloug 
the walls the chains preserved in the 
rock itself, with which they bound the 
prisoners. 

This vast quarry, or garden, is 
really very curious; it is called Lato- 
mia, and is covered with lemon, orange, 
pomegranate, and olive trees, which 
prove how much the climate is favour- 
able to vegetation; often deprived of 
the sun, they would soon perish in any 
other country. Were I to choose a 
hermitage it wouldcertainly beLatomia. 

I perceive that my ramble in the 
environs of Syracuse has become very 
long; but you have not, like me, a 
burning rock under your feet, and the 
sun almost perpendicular over your 
head ; you will see there still a piscina 
dug in the rock, and a Roman amphi- 
theatre constructed on the occasion of a 
voyage of Nero in Sicily ; it is nearly 
in ruins. 

This letter will reaeh you via Naples, 
i confide it to the captain of a small 
vessel, wlio sets out for that city. 

Adieu. 
— 
To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. 
SIR, 
I TAKE the liberty of sending you 
some affecting extracts from a pam- 
phlet, entitled “ Information on the 
Slave Trade,” hoping thereby to call 
the attention of your benevolent read- 
ers to this nefarious traffic in our fellow 
creatures, and I think it will appear 


THE EAR OF DIONYSIUS, AT SYRACUSE. 


that it is carried on at the present time 
toa very great extent. notwithstanding 
the treaties of France, Portugal, &c. &c. 
and it likewise appears that the Portu- 
oe government indicates great in- 
difference respecting the abolition of the 
trade, as the following facts will shew. 

On the 2d of October, 1817, a letter 
states, that during the two preceding 
months, twenty-seven vessels had sailed 
from Rio de Janeiro for slaves, capable 
of carrying nine thousand four hundred 
and fifty, a number nearly equal to 
half the supply of any former year, and 
there were at that time several other 
vessels preparing. 

From the Ist of January, 1817, to 
the Ist of January, 1818, about six 
thousand and seventy slaves were im- 
ported into the captaincy of Bahia, 
from Africa, in sixteen ships. 

In the same space of time, the num- 
ber imported into Rio de Janeiro, was 
eighteen thousand and thirty-three, in 
forty-two ships, and two thousand and 
forty-two died on the passage, making a 
total of twenty-seven thousand four 
hundred and eighty-three slaves im- 
ported into Rio de Janeiro, not includ- 
ing those who perished on the voyage, 
and making an importation into the two 
above-mentioned Portuguese provinces 
of thirty-three thousand five hundred 
and fifty-three. 

On the 9th of March, 1818, the slave 
trade had increased beyond all former 
example; twenty-five vessels having 
arrived since the beginning of the year, 
many carrying more, and none less, 
than four hundred slaves, making an 
importation of ten thousand (in fou 

months 


36 


months) of our fellow-creatures, torn 
from their homes, and to be made mi- 
serable during the remainder of their 
lives, to gratify the avarice of their in- 
human masters. 

The number of slaves imported into 
Rio de Janeiro, from the Ist of January, 
1818, to the 3Ist of December in the 
same year, was nineteen thousand eight 
hundred and two; the number embark- 
ed from the African coast was twenty- 
two thousand two hundred and thirty- 
ne, in fifty-three ships, of whom two 
thousand foar hundred and twenty-nine 
died in the passage. 
Perola de Norta, lost 161 ovt of 425 ; 
another, the Uniao Feliz, lost 229 out 
of 659; a third, the San Jose Deligente, 
less 238 out of 464, more than half. 

It is to be regretted that this account 
has not been continued, and also that 
the importations into the other cap- 
taincies of the Brazifs, has net been 
mentioned ; but I think the above facts 
are sufficient to show that this trade is 
not discouraged by the Portuguese go- 
vernment. 

“ With respect to France,”’ says Sir 
G. Collier, commander of the British 
ships of war on the African station— 
“ France, it is with the deepest regret 
that I mention it, has countenanced 
and encouraged the slave trade almost 
beyond estimation. France is engross- 
ing nearly the whole of the slave trade ; 
and she has extended this traffic beyond 
what can be supposed bat by one only 
who has witnessed it: In truth, France 
now supplies the foreign colonies north 
of the Line, with Africans. I exagge- 
rate nothing in saying, that thirty ves- 
sels, bearing the colours of France, have 
nearly at the same time, and within 
two or three leagues distant, been em- 
ployed slaving ; and, [will add, that 
in the last twelve months, (the letter 
was dated 16th Sept. 1820,) not less 
than sixty thousand Africans have been 
forced from their country, principally 
under the colours of France; most of 
whom have been distributed between 
the islands of Martinique, Gaudaloupe, 
and Caba. France has certainly issued 
her decrees against this traffic, but has 
‘lone nothing to enforce them. On the 
contrary, she gives the trade all coun- 
tenance short of public avowal.”’ 

The vast extent to which the slave 
trade is carried on under French co- 
lours, will be seen in an account received 
from the river Bonny, on the western 
coast of Africa, dated July, 1819, which 
states, that from March to that time, 


Enormous extent of the Sique Trade. 


One vessel, the. 


(Feb. 1, 


there liad been usually fron mine to 
sixteen vessels slaving at the same time” 
in the river Bonny, each capable of 
carrying from three to seven hundred 
slaves, and that two of tiese vessels, _ 
which were there in Mareh, had sailed 
to the West Indies, and had returned 
on a second voyage; and during the 
above period of five or six months, 120 
saibof French, Spanish, and Portuguese 
had visited the river Bonny. 

A letter received from a gentleman 
on board the Cyane American sloop, 
which was sent ta cruise on the coast 
of Africa, to suppress the American 
slave trade, states, that the number of 
vessels engaged in this inkuman traffic 
is incredible; and, that not fewer 
than two hundred sail were on the 
coast at the date of the letter, all of them 
fast sailers, well manned and armed, 
and. that the Cyane had beeu chasing 
night and day since her arrival on that 
station, and had five’ or six slave ships 
in sight at the same time. 

A letter received from a resident at 
Gaudaloupe, states, that on the 29th of 
Oetoher, £820, were landed there two 
hundred and nine slaves, eight havin 
died on the voyage, and were disposed 
of at L501. per head. On the 18th of 
November in thesame year, were land- 
ed at Capisterre, in Gaudaloupe, about 
two hundred slaves. There ean be no- 
thing, le says, which prevents the sei- 
zure of these vessels but a good under- 
standing with the custom-house officers, 
or the private zastructions of the Gover- 
nor, to favour this criminal traffic. 

On the 24th of February, 1821, arriv- 
ed the brig Fox at tlie same island,. 
after an absence of a year, with a cargo 
of three hundred slaves (28 having de- 
stroyed themselves during the voyage), 
and were all sold, exeept about eighty, 
the following Sunday, for 1501. per head 
of an average. 

In this manner are many thousand 
slaves introduced into Gandalonpe, and 
he likewise adds, that seamen have 
a great temptation to go on the slave 
trade; that they receive from twenty 
to thirty dollars per month, and some 
have to receive on their return two 
hundred dollars balance of wages ; and 
T cannot conclude his communication 
without expressing his horror and in- 
dignation when he has to relate, that 
the Sabbath is the day on which, gene- 
rally speaking, the sale of slaves takes 
place; and he adds, that he could have 
caused one of the vessels above-men- 
tioned to have been seized, could he 

have 


13¢2.] 
Rave calculated on the support of the 
fovernment of the island. But of what 
avail would my denunciation be? In- 
Stead of being attended to, it would 
prove ruinous to my commercial infe- 
rest, and the detection of my interfer- 
ence would most assuredly subject me 
to assassination ; or if my life escaped, 
I should at least be banished from the 
island never to return, which would be 
very destructive to my present pros- 
pects. , 

It appears certain, that in the year 
1820 the French slave trade had swell- 
ed to a more enormous extent than 
at any former period, and that during 
the first six or seven months of that 
year the African coast actually swarm- 
ed with slave ships of that nation. A 
distinguished officer of the British navy, 
who was himself an eye-witness of the 
fact, and writing with deliberation, uses 
this remarkable expression :—* The 
number of Freuch slave ships now on 
the coast is something incredible.” 
The naval officers of that station had 
examined between twenty and thirty 
ships trading for slaves on the coast, 
- which they ascertained to be French ; 
and one of these officers afterwards 
found a greater number in the harbour 
of Havannah, bearing the French flag, 
which either had slaves on board, 
brought thither for sale, or were fitting 
out on fresh slave voyages. 

This view of the extent of the French 
slave trade on the coast of Africa dur- 
ing the same year, is confirmed by the 
Governor of Sierra Leone, Sir C. M‘Car- 


Original Poetry. 


37 


thy, who states, that on his leaving that 
colony in July, 1520, he had received 
unquestionable information that no 
fewer than five vessels, bearing the 
French flag, were slaving about one 
hundred miles south of that place. 

If these accounts be correct—and the 
authority on which they rest seems to 
leave no room to doubt upon the subject, 
then it will follow, that during the first 
six or seven months of 1520, from fifty 
to sixty vessels, bearing the French flag, 
were actually seen engaged in the slave 
trade. But if cannot be supposed, con- 
sidering the vast extent of the African 
coast, and of the ocean, which extends 
thence to the West Indies, that all the 
vessels so employed could have been 
seen by our cruisers, or could have 
come under the observation of Governor 
M‘Carthy’s informant; it would seem 
a fair inference, from the facts adduced, 
that the French slave trade must have 
grown to an unprecedented extent dur- 
ing the year 1820. 

And now, having laid before you a 
picture revolting to humanity, of this 
bloody commerce in the poor Africans, 
dragged from their houses and homes, 
in defiance of the laws of God and de- 
crees of nations, I must call on your 
humane readers to consider whether 
they are not bound, as men and as 
christians, to do every thing in their 


- power to extinguish this trade, so de- 


grading to Europeans who profess the 
Christian religion. B. 
Cirencester, 10th Jan. 1822. 


ORIGINAL POETRY. 


ani 


“ TCHABOD.”’—1 Sam. iv. 21, 22. 
HE tumult of battle is o’er, 
And the shouts of the conquerors 
cease ; 
The chariots are rattling no more, 
And confusion is changed into peace ; 
But “ where is the glory ?” 


A thousand glad hearts are exulting, 
Removed from the feelings of woe ; 
But to us those loud joys are insulting, 
Those shouts are the shouts of the foe ; 
And “ where is the glory 7” 


To the idols their praise is ascending, 
And glad tears of rejoicing fast flow ; 
But our tears and our groans are still 
blending, 
' The groans and the big tears of woe; 
“ For “ where is the glory?” 
We mourn for the fate of the dead, 
Aud we strew o’er their ashes these 
flowers-— 


But Oh! that that grave were our bed, 
And the death-shade of cypress were 
our’s ; 
For ‘‘ where is the glory ?” 
The sun of our glories is clouded, 
O’er Shiloh is darkened the star ; 
For the ark which the Shekinah shrouded, 
Is lost in the chances of war ; 
And “ where is the glory ?” 


Accursed be the day of this sorrow, 
O’er its front let the tempest be spread ; 
And blest be the dawn of to-morrow, 
Which numbers my name with the dead; 
For “ where is the glory ?” 
GODEFREDE. 
— 
IMPROMPTU. 


On reading the “ Address to Poverty,” by 
the late RIGHT HON. CHAS. JAMES FOX. 
INIMITABLE Fox, pourtrayed by thee, 
The richest subject shines, in poverty. 
ODE 


33 
ODE TO FRIENDSHIP. 
BY SAMUEL THOMAS H * * 7. 

Hatu! virgin daughter of the skies ! 

In genial loveliness array’d ; 
Allied by kindred, sister ties, 

To pity, heaven-descended maid, 
And love celestial ; sent below, 

Among the sons of human woe, 
To blend them in the social tie 
Of feelings warm, electric sympathy. 
As universal as the light 

Of heaven’s thy soul-pervading power ; 
Thy charms in every clime delight, 

And dissipates the tempest’s lour 
Of hopeless grief—thou strew’st life’s way 
With all the vernal flowers of May, 
And with thy consecrated charm, 
Despair’s heart-sinking power thou dost 

disarm. 

Benignant as the morning dew, 

Thou doth refresh the drooping heart ; 
And vital energy, anew, : 

Thy sacred solace doth impart. 
Hail! nymph of social pleasure, hail! 
Thy presence glads life’s gloomy vale, 
As when above the storm’s dark breast, 
The sun emerges with refulgent crest. 


Bare is thy virgin-breast of snow, 

An emblem of thy confidence ; 
The hallowed sanctuary of woe, 

Where feeling’s holy influence, 
And hospitable tenderness, 
Sustains and soothes with warm caress ; 
And with thy talismanic wand, 
Unfolds the enchantment of hop’d fairy 

land. 
a 


RETROSPECTIONS. 

Once more from my bosom’s best joys torn asuncer 
By commerce’ harsh mandate, and fate’s stern 
decree, : 

Far, far from thee, Anna, on Tyne’s banks I 

wander, 
And baad though I should not—think only of 
thee. 


Though Pleasure her luresare fast spreading around 


me, 
T’ll quit their attractions, and pause here awhile; 
On the spot where home’s comforts so late did sur- 
round me, 
A wife’s fond endearments—a lov’d infant’s 
smile. 
And say, is there aught in the rich growing coffers 
Of those who reach nearest Prosperity’s goal ; 
Is there ought which fell Mammon, most tempt- 
ingly offers, 
Which an yield, like true feeling, a balm to the 
soul ? 


Say, are not those beings more anxious than blithe- 
some 

Whom gold hasenticements to entrap and allure ; 

Is not Poverty’s bosom more tranquil and light- 


some, 
When Honesty’s current flows through the heart 
pure ? 
Though Trade, thou’rt the pillar of Britain’s high 
grandeur, 
And plantest her cities where desarts have 
frown’d, 
Yet to low tricking minions thou oft hast turn’d 
pander, 
And mankind’s social love in thy greedy depth’s 
drown’d. 


Original Poetry. 


| Feb. 1, 


But turnwe, my muse, from these scenes uninviting , 
By Tyne’s rushy brink as we pensiyely wind, 
And Fancy bid fly to the spot she delights in, 
To the spot where my Annastill lingers behind. 


Assi-ted by her, the sweet cheater of sadness, 
Already my white-fronted cot I espy ; 
And lo! o’er my mind darts a new ray of gladness, 
For my Anna herself—my soul’s bliss meets ny 
eye. 
Yes! deck’d with more charms than apparels the 
young spring, 7 
Hea!th glowing her cheeks, with youth’s inno- 
eence crown'd, 
More fair than the whitest plume stol’n from a doye's 


wing, ; : 
And with dark hazel orbs, where expression sits 
thron’d. 


She comes! I behold her! joy wildering illusions ! 
Sweet wakeneis of rapture, awhile bless my sight! 
She is gone, and ye perish, frail transient delusions, 
Ere I tasted Love’s rich flowing cup of delight. 
Lov’d fair! whom this heart still selects.as its choice 
theme, 
Say, by sickness impair’d dost thou e’er think of 
me ? 
Like a flower that droops low for the want of its 
sun-beam, 
I ria chill’d by gales of sharp sorrow, for 
thee, 


I mourn when I think of thy soothing smiles 
, tender, 
T Boe te gushing drops thou didst feeling, ton, 
shed, 
When Fortune rose fierce like the blasts of De- 
cember, 
And toscenes far away from thy sweet arms I fled. 


Lamb Green, Bermondsey. ENORT, 
ooo 
ON VIEWING A PAINTING ON MOON- 
LIGHT. 


December 7th, 1819. 


--T1s Moonlight, with her placid eye, 


The sweetest orb along the sky ; 
When forth she guides her milky team, 
And throws her lucid wavry beam 
Along the wide etherial plains, 
Where fix’d, the eye with rapture strains, 
To drink in‘all the dewy light, 
And sweep the blue expansive sight. 
Now rising from her western couch, 
In form a crescent peeping out ; 
Now with projected robes she rides, 
Now broader sweeps the vaulted skies, 
Now soaring fills her silver horn, 
And now, on fleecy clouds upborn ; 
Now passing thro’ the floods of light, 
She soars the peerless queen of night. 
In such a time, in such a scene, 
How sweet’s the calm that reigns serene ; 
When down the gentle river’s side 
Is heard the song of even-tide. 
The pendant oar is seen to flash, 
And then is heard the falling dash, 
Responsive to the curling waye, 
Whose wand’ring stream delights to lave; 
While down the gentle winding stream 
The whiten’d sail unfurl’d is seen 
To glide so sweetly o’er the tide, 
And press its bosom’s heaving side. 
But lo! the Moon’s soft pensive light, 
Now strikes upon the church-yard site, 
While from out her gloomy bower 
Isseen the hamlet’s sacred tower, 

With 


1822.] 


With light reflected on the walls, 

Which thro’ the gothic window falls, 

And gleams upon the ghastly tomb, 

And shews the tenants of the gloom 

That living mortal’s hasty tread 

Might trace the records of the dead ; 

Aad sighing, breatlie a thought, revere, 

*¢ So end the ties of kindred here.” 

But see, with falt’ring step, and slow, 
With staff in hand, weak, bending low, 
An aged matron, homeward led, 

Heaven’s lamp nocturnal round her shed ; 
For she with wayward gait and look 

Must cross the well-known bubbling brook 
Where sprights and fags ("tis said of yore) 
Do hold their seeret midnight hour ; 
- Whose tale runs round the blazing hearth, 
And wide amazement doth impart 

Among the trembling list’ners pale, 

Who fear the whisp’ring of the gale, 

And closer draw, encircled, near, 

The inmates of a groundless fear. 

But oh! what soft and musive eye 

Can sean the wonders of the sky ; 

Can snatch a glance thro’ all the spheres, 
And catch the rays of thousand years, 
Bat feels the daring of his wing 

Hath touch’d a theme too high to sing ? 
Thou rapt Enthusiasm come, 

Ecstatic breathings on thy tongue, 

Bring with thee all thy sister tribe, 
Enraptur’d Joy and Love beside; 

With holy Rapture’s heav’nly measure, 
The bard’s delight and speechless pleasure. 
Like to the minstrel’s early song 

That swells in numbers wild and strong, 


Stephensiana.—WNo. VF. 


39 


Unconscious of the rules of art, 

His song’s the language of his heart ; 
Still glide along thou pensive orb, 
And all my inmost soul absorb ; 

Still let me hear thy whisper’d talk, 
As thro’ the realms of night you walk ; 
When o’er the starry plains you climb, 
Or highest zenith soar sublime ; 

Or up the giddy height you fly, 

The soothing traveller of the sky. 
Whether I view thee from the yale, 

I hear thy soft persuasive tale, 

Or from the dizzy mountain’s side, 
Could trace thy solemn footsteps wide 
A charm’d enthusiast could rove 

O’er mountain steep or rocky delve ; 
And then to hear the sweetest sound 
Re-echo’d by the hills around, 

Of dying music in the gale, 

The sweet enchantress of the vale ; 
That as I press the hanging steep, 

My ravish’d soul would inward leap, 
And starting list the gentle sigh, 

The breathing softness of the sky, 
While pure abstraction wraps the soul, 
And the fix’d eye revolves the whole : 
While the mind’s soft respiration 
Thus recites her invocation : 

O heavenly lamp! suspended high, 
The hanging crystal of the sky, 
Whose pensive stealing eye-lids shed 
A pleasing sadness round my head ; 
Upon thy vot’ry lone reclin’d 

Shed thy timely influence kind ; 

And thou, O Moon! shall ever be 

My chief delight to muse on thee, 


STEPHENSIANA. ; 
No. V. 


The late ALEXANDER STEPHENS, Esq. of Park House, Chelsea, devoted an active 
and well-spent life in the collection of Anecdotes of his contemporaries, and generally 
entered in a book the collecting of the passing day ;—these collections we have purchased, 
and propose to present a selection from them to our readers. As Editor of the Annual 
Obituary, and many other biographical works, he may probably have incorporated 
many of these scraps ; but the greater part are unpublished, and all stand alone as cabi- 
net pictures of men and manners, worthy of a place in a literary miscellany. 


ARTHUR ONSLOW. 

abl 1S celebrated speaker of the House 

of Commons, for the purpose of re- 
laxing himself from the multiplied cares 
of his office, was in the habit of passing 
his evenings at a respectable country 
public-house, which for nearly a cen- 
tury was known by the name of the 
Jew’s-harp-house, situated about a 
quarter of a mile north of Portland- 
place. We dressed himself in plain 
attire, and preferred taking his seat in 
the chimney corner of the kitchen, 
where he took part in the vulgar jokes, 
and ordinary concerns of the. landlord, 
his family and customers. He conti- 


nued this practice for a year or two, 
and much ingratiated himself with his 
host and his family, who, not knowing 
his name, called him “ the gentleman,”’ 
but, from his familiar manners, treated 
himas oneof themselves. It happened, 
however, one day, that the landlord 
was walking along Parliament-street, 
when he met the speaker in state, going 
up with an address to the throne, anc 
looking narrowly at the chief person- 
age, he was astonished and confounded 
at recognising the features of the gen- 
tleman, his constant customer. He 
hurried home, and communicated. the 
extraordinary intelligence to his wife 


and 


40 


and family, all of whom were discon- 
verted at the liberties, which at differ- 
ent times they had taken with so im- 
portant a person. In the evening Mr. 
Onslow came as usual, with his holiday 
face and manners, and prepared to take 
his usual seat, but found every thing in 
a state of peculiar preparation, and the 
manners of the landlord and his wife 
changed from indifference and fami- 
liarity to form and obsequiousness. 
The children were not allowed to climb 
upon him, and pull his wig, as hereto- 
fore, and the servants were kept at a 
distance. He, however, tuok no notice 
of the change, but finding that his 
name and rank had by some means 
been discovered, he paid the réckoning, 
civilly took his departure, and never 
visited the house afterwards. 
THE REV. LOUIS DUTENS. 

The following ill-natured character 
of this gentleman was found in MS. 
among the papers of a political cha- 
racter deceased, in a hand not un- 
like that of the author of Junius. Mr. 
Dutens was a French protestant, but by 
the interest of the Bute and Percy fa- 
milies, obtained two livings in the 
Church of England, His memoirs, 
which are hefore the public, prove, how- 
ever, that he was an amiable man, and 
4 know him tobe so, but, from his con- 
nections, he was the butt of party ran- 
‘cour. 

“« It is impossible to prevent the 
French nation having every informa- 
tion from this country which they de- 
sire to have, while a nafive of France 
is here under the habit of a protestant 
priest, whose connections are such at 
Charing Cross House, and, indeed, with 
‘half the first people in this kingdom, 
‘that there is not a plan laid nor even 
talked of, that this deceptfull fellow 
«loes not come at,and of which he is no 
‘sooner informed, than he shows some 
dadies of fashion a few Paris trinkets, 
cand if any one happens to express a de- 
‘sire to have any thing from that city of 
monsense, he immediately sends a spe- 
cial ape ee over for it, and a private 
message and information for his French 
friend and patron the Duke de Choiseul, 
not by Jetter (the rascal is too cunning), 
but he has messengers always in wait- 
ing, who can carry a lip-letter, tres 
‘comme il faut. Is not this a national 
shame! and not only so, but this mon- 
grel religioned fellow has places, pre- 
ferment, &c. in this kingdom, to the 
amount of several hundred pounds a- 
year. One of his duke-like friends on 


Stephensiana.—No. V. 


[Jan. 1, 


this side of the water, says he is clever; 
I don’t know that his Grace is a judge 
of cleverness, but if that be true, so'much 
the worse for poor England; and _ per- 
haps his French Duke thinks so too. But 
is this areason why such aspy should 
live among us? His father, mother, 
and all his family, are at this instant 
Bourgeois of Paris, all good papists, 
while their favorite son is a protestant 
priest, and the Josom friend to a protes- 
tant English D—e. Is this the way, 
then, for our nation to be successful ? 
or for the first of the K *s F——ds to 
shew his regard ?” 
SARAH, DUCHESS 0f MARLBOROUGH. 
The following letters are highly cha- 
acteristic of the masculine and in- 
triguing spirit of this woman, even at 
the verge of fourscore. The originals 
are written in the clear, firm hand of 
the age of thirty. 
Marlborough House, Sept. 14th, 1732. 
I gave you the trouble of sending you 
a great many facts, which are known 
by all the world to be true, and I own, 
I did hope they would have made some 
impression upon you : but by your let- 
ter I find you don’t think any of them 
are worth taking the least notice of. 
And you appear to me to be under the 
same influence, which you have been 
from the beginning of all these mon- 
strous things that have happened : who 
are your counsellors, I ean’t say, but it 
must be from your own judgment that 
you are determin’d, whoever they are. 
I can only guess, that the tiger, Lady 
Bateman, is one; because I know that 
what you say of my not liking it, if you 
had done otherwise, is very near her 
words. For she writ to your sister 
Russell, that even I would like her the 
better, if she came to celebrate the wed- 
ding, or to that purpose. You'll tell 
me that you love me; but I can’t see 
in what it has appear’d, and after I have 
demonstrated to you, both of my kind- 
ness to you and my ill-treatment, your 
letter is writ with as much caution as 
if it were to anenemy. And all you 
can bring yourself to say, is, that taking 
any body's part against me is the furthest 
thing from your thoughts ; which is the 
same thing that you have said always 
upon my subject, that you wou’d not 
enter into the matter, with more heart, 
and a little softer expressed ; and lam 
apt to believe, that if I were only an 
insignificant grandmother, you woud 
not think it were very deceut to take 
any body’s part against me, who are so 
scrupulous even when there is no aE3', 
an 


1822.] 


and for whom there is nothing to be 
said. I have long wished to convince 
you of your errors, which might have 
been of use to you, and some satisfac- 
tion to me: but since that can’t be, ft 
must be contented with the right and 
kind part that I know I have acted to 
you and to ali my family. And now 
1 am persuaded, that *tis best for you 
never to be imade sensible of what has 
been so unlucky to you, by your own 
fault. But as for your seeing of me, I 
must desire to-be excused ; for’ that 
cannot be of any use to either of us, 
since I am determined that nobody that 
will not enter into what concerns me 
so much, shall ever enter into any part 
of my fortune. But I wish you all the 
liappiness you propose from your other 
friends, notwithstanding the disap- 
pointments of 
Your very ill-treated grandmother, 
S. MARLBOROUGH. 
S. Marlborough to Mr. Davis. 
London, March 9¢ 6, 1737. 
My. Davis,—I don’t write this to you 
with any desire to constrain you, but to 
convince you, if I can, that, besides the 
misfortune of contributing to the choice 
of any member that will certainly, from 
their folly, and the present interest 
even of a small pension, will give their 
votes to make us slaves to France, 
which is just coming upou us; you can- 
not hurt yourself in voting according 
to reason, and making what interest 
you can for the member the Duke of 
Marlborough recommends ; for if he 
were not, as Lam sure he is, a perfectly 
honest man, his stake is too great in 
this country not to endeavour to save it 
from arbitrary power of any kind, and 
if you were a man that would consider 
present interest before doing what is 
certainly right, you could not Jose any 
thing by it; because your character, 
and superior genins in your trade, will 
preserve all the custom that you can 
esire, and you can lose nothing by 
heing in the right, but a family of idi- 
ots, some of which, it is very probable, 
will never pay you. There are a great 
many instances of the folly of this fa- 
mily of idiots, who value themselves on 
being bastards of a player. Iwill only 
instance one this time. The Duke of 
St. Albans has sent to my keepers, to 
make an interest for his brother in this 
election, who must starve, and their fa- 
milies, if I turn’d ’em out: because 
the minister has taken away the allow- 
ance | havea right to, and out of which 
they were formerly paid, and have been 
Montuy MAG. No. 364. 


Stephensiana.—No. V. 


4} 


paid ever since King Charles the Second 
came to the crown. I am told, that 
the keepers asked the idiot, how he 
would like to have his servants desir’d 
to be in any thing against him? To 
which the idiot replied, according to his 
way of reasoning, that I could live but 
a very little while, and if they did not 
make all the interest they could for his 
brother, he would turn ’em all out. 
This is an account that, I think, must 
be true, because the Duke of St. Albans 
is an idiot, aud a worthless one. And 
to shew it more fully, when I die, the 
Lodge in the Little Park is the Duke 
of Marlborough’s, aud that in the Great 
Park, John Spencer’s. And yet the 
idiot says, he will turn out all the keep- 
ers when I am dead, which, he says, 
must happen soon. I will say no more 
than that Thursday se’nnight is the 
day it will come on in Parliament, the 
question, whether England shall be a 
people, or whether it must submit to 
France and Spain ? and so far you are 
guilty, as you make an interest or vote 
for the family of the idiots, who have, 
and always will be, directed by those 
who, for their own private views, have 
betrayed the interest of their country. 
I have told you nothing but the strict 

trath, and am Your friend, 

S. MARLBOROUGH. 
To Mr. Davis, 
Smith, at Windsor, 
S. Marlborough to Mr. Davis. 

Wimbledon, Sunday, the 28th July. 
Mr. Davis,—I write this to let you 
know that I have received an order 
from the Duke of Newcastle to let the 
Duke of St. Albans have a key to go 
thro’ the House-Park at Windsor. He 
is, by the King’s order, only to go on 
horse-back, or in a one-horse chaise. I 
desire you will therefore make a proper 
key for him. I don’t know what the 
price is; but let it be ever so inconsi- 
derable, as this is certainly an unrea- 
sonable imposition, and what-no one 
that ever lived in the keep had before, 
tho’ I can’t dispute with the King’s let- 
ting any body he pleases have a key to 
go thro’ the Park, yet I won’t pay for 
the key. So that you must ask the 
Duke of St. Albans for that 3 which is 
so inconsiderable, that I only do it to 
shew I make no compliments; and 
comply, only because Lam fore’d. And 
his Majesty having taken away the al- 
lowance, which I have a grant for, and 
could recover by law, if that were ad- 
visable to try against Kings, I am not 
obliged to pay for keys to those that 
G have 


42 


have us’d me m so ungentleman-like 
# manner as the Duke of St. Albans has. 

I am sincerely, Your friend, 

S. MARLBOROUGH. 
To Mr. Davis, 
Smith, at Windsor. 
S. Marlborough to Mr. Davis. 
Aug. 16, 1740. 

Mr. Davis,—I know you must have 
interest and acquaintance in all the 
towns near you, and therefore f write 
this to desire you would make afl the 
interest you can for Mr. Blagrave, and 
Mr. Stronde, whew they are set up for 
Reading: for nothing but a good Par- 
Hament can save England next sessions; 
and mauy are making interest already 
for that time. They are both very ho- 
nest men, and will never give a vote to 
x placemen ora pensioner. I am, 

Your friend, 


5 prthonigh 


The DUCHESS of QUEENSBURY. 

_ AM the world are acquainted with 
the party spirit which arose about thre 
non-licensing of Mr. Gay’s Play of 
Polly, during which the Duchess of 
Queensbury patronized a subscription 
for its publication, for which George 
the Second forbade her to come to court. 
Her remonstrance, in her own hand, 
addressed to the King, is now before 
me, and has never, | believe, been 
printed. 

“ That, 

«The Duchess of Queensbury is sar- 
prised and well-pleased the King has 
given her so agreeable a command, as 
to stay from Court, where she never 
came for diversion, but to bestow a great 
evility on the King and Queen. She 
hopes by sueh an unprecedented order 
as this, that the King will seeas few at 
his Court as he wishes, partiewlarly such 

- as dare to think or speak truth. Fdare 
not do otherwise, and ought not, nor 
could have imagined that it would not 
have been the very highest compliment 
¥ could possibly pay the King; to en- 
deavour to support truth and innocence 
in his hous*. C. QUEENSBURY. 
Particularly when the King and Queen 
had both told me they had net read Mr. 
Gay’s play. I have certainly done 
right, then, to stand by my own word, 
rather than his Grace of Grafton’s, who 
hath neither made use of truth, judg- 
ment, or honour thro’ the whole affair, 
either for himself or his friends.”’ 


Stephensiana.—~No. VP. 


[Feb. J, 


INSTRUCTIONS of GEORGE IIf. relative 
to 4 JOURNEY fo WEYMOUTH; {rons 
the King’s original manuscript. 


1 Bedchamber for King and Queen- 
2 Dressing room for the King. 
3 Do. — _ for the Queen. 
4 Bedchamber for Pss.Royal- 
5 Do. Pss. Augusta. 
6 Do. Pss. Elizabeth. 
7 Do. fora Lady- 
8 Do. for Lady E, Waldegrave- 
9 Do. for the two ladies’ women- 
10 Do. Miss Gomme and Miss Burney- 
11 Do. for Miss Plastie. 
12 Do. for Miss Sands. 
13 Do. for the 2 Misses Mackenthun- 
14 Do. King’s Page. 
15 Do. Queen’s Do. 
16 De. Page’s Men- 
17 Drawing room- 


18 Dining room, f 

19 Rooms for the Gentlemen to wait in- 

20 Miss Burney’s dining room. 

21 Pages’ dinmg room. 

Lodgings as near as possible for four Gen— 
tlemen and their servants, five of the at— 
tendants out of livery, four footmen, 
and ‘the servants under Mr.—— mthe 
household department. 

Bedreoms for 15 stabte servants, and sta- 
bles-for 27 horses- 

Mr- ts to order from Reading 
4 Post horses for the King’s post chaise- 

4 Do, Queen’s first post chaise. 

4 Do.  Queen’s second post chaise. 

4 Do. Kingr's. Equecrries’ post chaise. 

Saddle horses fov footman and two hobby 

grooms, to be at Sir William Pitt’s,at High- 

field, at three o’clockon Friday, Aug-24th. 

The same number of horses at Basing- 
stoke, and Overton. The Queen’s second 
post coach and the Equesries’ post coach 
will remain the night at Andover,,as the 
Princesses Mary and Amelia will lye there- 
The King will sup there at nine, after which 
proceed to Weymouth. The horses wanted 
that night will be 

4 horses for the King’s posé chaise, 
4 do. Queen’s post chaise, 
and 6 saddle horses ; the above number 
at Salisbury, Woodycate’s Inn, Blandford, 
and Dorchester, at the last place the sad- 
dle horses omitted ; 

On Saturday morning, from Andover ta 
Weymouth, 8 horses for the two pust 
coaches, and. three saddle horses. 

Mr. is also to order the horses for 
Mr.Braymeer’s post coach,and the Queen’s- 
She will lye at Andover, and follow the 
Princesses to Weymouth. 

AN ITINERARY, Jidy 1801. 

Walton town and bridge, about se- 
yenteen miles and a half from Hyde 
Park Corner.—By the left, as you enter 
from the river, you enter Lord Tanker- 
ville’s grounds, which extend along 

the 


1822. 


the river. On the left there is a cold 
bath; itis a pretty village. There is 
_also Walton Ledge, belonging to Cel. 
Blair, of Gavendish-square, and Walton 
Grove, the residence of — Pippin, esq. 
- lord of the manor. The bridge, con- 
necting the counties of Sucrey and 
Middiesex, is stately and will be found 
worthy of attention, though built in an 
irregular naanner, and teo narrow. It 
consists ef twe principal arches of free 
stone, each of which kas an adjoining 
one with projecting. bailustrades also 
of the same. The piers are of stone. 
Ox cressing the bridge from Surrey, 
the right hand leads to Sunbury, and 
the left hand to Lower Halliford, eigh- 
teen miles from Hyde Park Corner. It 
is often pronounced Hafford, and lies 
within the parish of Shepperton, to 
which it is an appurterance er hamlet. 
The first house to the right, is a 
pretty large ene, with some adjoining 
sneadows, in the possession of Capt. 
Bullock. Qn the left is a fishing cot- 
tage, the property of Mr. Stevenson, an 
opulent distiller in Wardour-street, 
Soko. It is called Campshet-hall, and 
was purchased by him for his sister, 
who died seon after. It is now let 
oceasionally ; the site is within a few 
yards of the Thames. The parlour 
and drawing-room will attract notice, 
ws-exellent apartments. Sir James 
Grant, of Castle Grant, a wealthy Scots 
baronet, and chief of a clan bearing 
the same name, paid five guineas a week 
for this place, during three or four 
months in the summer. Qn a small 
green, in the neighbourhood, are two 
pretty houses, one belonging to Mr. 
Maund, the other to Mr. Thomas. At 
the last fiouse in Halliford, lives Mr. 
Hutchinson, an eminent attorney of 
Bloomsbury-square ; it is a handsome 
white building, with good gardens. 
To the man of rural taste, the situation 
of Hailiford will be acceptable: it 
stretches along the river in a line pa- 
rallel to it, and comprises a variety of 
fine views that take in Oatland’s Park, 
the house, the new cupola, roofed sum- 
‘mer-house, &c. 
Shepperton, eighteen miles and a 
half frem Hyde Park Corner, has not 
so many particulars to gratify curiosity. 
Mr. 5 the brewer, has a luminous 
view of Oatlands frora his grounds be- 
hind, which are bounded by an arm of 
the Thames. The parsonage-house, 
occupied by the rector, Mr. Hubbard, 
has been lately beautified and rendered 
ssere convenient. The principal object 


Slephensiana.—No., V. 


43 


is the formation of a grove, consisting 
of shrubs and evergreens, so calculated 
as to exclude the view ef the church- 
yard, and perhaps the church) and ex- 
hibit only the rich, low meadows on 
the other side. The tythes, I was told, 
were stored in his capacieus rooms. 
The chureh.is old, and in form of a 
a eross, with a. flag-staff; the style of 
its architecture. resembles that of our 
remaining Norinan edifices. Nothing 
remarkable in the church-yard but two 
Latin epitaphs on two perpendicular 
tomb-stones, to ¢he memory of Benja- 
min Blake, and another of the same 


_rame, both from America. 


Shepperton, however, recommends 
itself to the attentien of anglers, who 
resort to it from London, aud all parts 
of the country. Barbel, some of a pro- 
digious size, are often caught there, 
with gudgeons, reach, dace, perch, eels, 
&e. in abundance. A few trout are 
also met with by the experienced an- 
gler; salmon caught occasionally— 
Thames salmon excelent. Principal 
inn, the Anchor. 

Monday, July 13. 

Weybridge, twenty miles from Hyde 
Park Corner. —In the situation of this 
parish, Lord Pertmore’s stately white 
mansion seems adapted te enlist atten- 
tion, The Wey forms a striking and 
sprightly feature in the scenery, his 
grounds being intersected with it. It 
is crossed by a bridge near its conflu- 
ence with the Thames. Lord P.’s 
park, or rather paddock, as it is not 
very extensive, has been converted into 
tillage ground, and is under culture: 

Tn walking along, my progress was 
arrested, at the end of Shepperton, by 
a fime, beautiful sweep of the river. 
Here I found myself opposite to a little 
white honse in his lordship’s grounds, 
where a cascade unveils the embellish- 
ments which an object so rural admits 
of. To the left, a little beyond, is a 
canal which leads to Guilford, Goda}- 
ming, &e. 

I then crossed the river in a pant, 
opposite a house inhabited by Mr. 
Barnwell. In the contracted sphere of 
this quiet abode, there reposes, on a 
sheltered lawn, extending towards the 
Thames, and confined by a green rail- 
way, the premises belonging to the 
Duke of York. 

The village winds along the road 
leading from the Thames ; it produces 
a favourable impression on the taste, 
and the scenery is interesting from a 
number of charming houses, Lady 

Stewart’s, 


44 


Stewart’s, Lord Cavans, &c. Sir Home 
Popham, now on an expedition to 
South America, has also a house here. 
The houses, howeve1, are manifestly de- 
teriuvrated in value, from the impolitic 
Telinquishment of aright of road through 
Oatland’s Park; many are either in 
decay or untenanted. At — Robinson's, 
esq, a beautiful curve of the Wey pre- 
sents a picture which has an exquisite 
effect. 

I entered Oatlands, by the road lead- 
ing from Weybridge. The Newcastle 
Arms (a couple of greyhounds, sur- 
mounted by a ducal coronet) are suffi- 
ciently apparent on the gate to mark 
its former lord. The steeple of Chert- 
sey church, peeping through the wood- 
Jands on the left, calls up at once ideas 
connected with the romantic. Saw 
some inferior crops of barley, and as I 
advanced the deterioration increased. 
The Norfolk system does not seem to 
have been adopted; the soil light— 
the farming bal. His Royal Highness 
keeps several teams, and appears to be 
a worse farmer than his father. 

Proéeeding along the road, I observed 
the stables," which deserve peculiar 
mention, as heightening and varying 
the view, and forming a respectable 
pile of buildings, on the right. On 
the left, from “ foliage green,”’ through 
‘the trees; appears the house, which, 
however, will be viewed comparatively 
without admiration, for the numerous 
bearings of royalty it exhibits no more 
of than the plain mansion of an English 
gentleman usually does. 

I had been for some time in sight of 
two adjoining flocks of sheep, pasturing 
on a lawn which had not been exposed 
to the plougl—a - measure, however, 
which, I liave observed, tends to facili- 
‘tate ameliorations. They were attend- 
ed by a shepherd and a boy, who were 
to keep them separate from the culti- 
vated parts. One division consisted of 
the Wiltshire breed, and tlie other of the 

-real Spanish; the latter belongs to 
the King, and has been sent here for 
‘the benefit of the pasture. It consists 
of eight score and seven; they have 
been three years in England; the ex- 
ertions for their improvement have not 
been checked, and they breed pretty 
well, having had sixty lambs this sea- 
son. Incidentally may be noticed, in 
obtaining an acquaintance with the 
structure and habits of these animals, 
that the fleece is better, but less bulky 
than the English, the carcase mani- 
festly less. 


Stephensiana.—No. F. 


(Feb. f, 


The Duke has lately stuecoed the 
front, so as to resemble stone when you 


a it, but it looks like brick at a 


istance. To overcome this disadvan- ° 
tage. and produce an effect more strik- 
img and adorned, it onght tobe a few 
shades lighter. In the front, next the 
canal, the casteHated gothie architec- 
ture is attempted, the parapet wall ex- 
hibiting square interstices modelled as 
battlements. The modern bow-window, 
however, | cannot pass without repre- 
hension—it accords but ill with that 
mode of building, and must anavoida- 
bly break the chain of fts combination. 
I visited Oatlands again on Sunday the 
27th ; the Duke and Duchess were at 
dinner ina tent near the kouse. Here E 
saw some gentlemen agreeably amusing 
themselves instarting boys and girls to 
run round the trees. 1 followed some 
company along the canal which I had 
heard so much of—but in pronouncing 
on its merits, I must confess I was 
greatly disappointed. It isinsignificant 
in point of breadth ; the water is bad ; 
it has none of that playful rapidity 
which is an essential characteristic of « 
running stream, being covered with 
broad-leaved weeds, and possessing the 
appearance of a stagnant pool. To me, 
wealth appears to have been employed 
witha profusion of diligence, but not 
with sufficient taste and judgment, as 
the Thames is seen from various parts 
¢f the park, and a building might have 
been erected with the happiest effect of 
commanding the whole sweep of this 


. river, from Sunbury to Staines. 


‘To give it every advantage, I search- 
ed out the best possible view—such f 
found, and am firmly persuaded is that, 
when the eye traces the broad water, as 
it is called, along its extent, discerns 
Walton bridge behind a grove of trees, 
through which it is supposed to mean- 
der. A fancy, warmly excited, is call- 
ed in to suppose this to be the Thames, 
emptying itself through the arches in 
the distance, but the want of a pellucid 
current, on this occasion, precluded 
the range and expansion of my imagi- 
nation. 

The Duke of Newcastle, grandfather 
to the present minor Duke, erected the 
grotto, aud cut the Serpentine canal, 
otherwise called the Broad Water. at the | 
bottom of the terrace. The latter was 
almost a needless expence, as, from the 
vicinity of the Thames, it could not be 
introduced with any great effect—the 
former a ridiculous one. The water is 
not brought from the river, pipes mae 

i lai 


1822.] 


Jaid all the way from St. George’s Hill 
on the common. 
CALAIS. 

Towards the close of the 12th cen- 
tury, Calais was a fishing village, with 
little in it to excite interest or atten- 
tion; but when the inhabitants had 
acquired importance from success in 
the herring fishery, we find the church 
ready to extend its tyranny and usur- 
pation on the occasion. In the year 
1180, Pope Alexander III. granted the 
tithe of all the herrings there taken to 
the Abbey of St. Bertin, celebrated for 
its immense wealth, but to which bad 
effects were attributed, from its im- 
proper use. M. de Becquigny is the 
author who informs us of the rapacity 
thus excited, and the luxurious, worth- 
less, and dissolute lives led by the ab- 
bots and monks. 

The honest fishermen, however, not 
clearly comprehending the Pope’s right 
to give away their property, declared 
they would sooner decimate the monks 
than suffer their herrings to be deci- 
mated. But the unjust sentence passed 
on them in this transaction, far from 
being combated, was confirmed by the 
civil power, and they were reduced to 
obedience by the Count of Flanders, 
who was then their regent, as guardian 
to Tola, Countess of Boulogne.—See 
also L’ Histoire del Academie des In- 
scriptions and Belles Lettres. 

SCIENCE in FRANCE. 
Caroline Herschel, sister to the as- 
tronomer of that name, is not the only 
female who addicts herself to the study 
of astronomy, and has reached a high 
degree of improvement in it. 

Madame, or to borrow her own desig- 

nation, the female citizen, Le Frangois, 
wife of Le Frangois, nephew and 
assistant to Jerome Lalande, who pre- 
-sides over the national observatory at 
Paris, seconded the zeal of her husband 
and his uncle, so as to combine and 
blend the results of their different ob- 
servations and calculations. 

In the midst of the convulsions that 
agitate Europe, and exposed to immi- 
nent danger from the commotions that 
render the times dark and perilous in 

_their native country, these three persons 
were occupied in the bloody year 1794 
in the labour of making a catalogue 
of the stars; and they published the 
result of their united efforts and powers, 
in 40,000 calculations. 

During those popular tumults, science 
was nonrished. Citizen Mechain was 
sent, in 1792, to Barcelona, to make 
admeasurements, and Delambre, in the 


Stephensiana.—No. V. 


46 


same year, was employed in measuring 
triangles, and taking the distances be- 
tween Orleans and Dunkirk. 
LETTER of LORD NELSON relative to 
PRIVATEERS. 
Termagant to be sent with the 
Dispatches coming by the Seahorse. 

To write Mr. Nepear that although 
I have full power and authority over 
his majesty’s fleets in the Mediterra- 
nean, respecting military affairs; yet 
with respect to privateers, they being 
private property, I have not the small- 
est controul. When commissions are 
granted them, the owners give security 
in a large sum of money for their good 
conduct, and I should, and so would 
the sovereign, be liable to a prosecution 
by law sheuld he force them to any 
act. Their conduct can only be judged 
by the High Court of Admiralty, on 
which there are two in the Mediterra- 
nean, one at Malta, the other at Gibral- 
ter. However, to shew my sincere 
disposition to do all in my power for 
the security of the neutral navigation, 
which I am sure will never be inter- 
rupted by H. M. ships, F send you a 
paper for each of the vessels, which may 
possibly make the privateers consider 
a little before they will detain a real 
neutral vessel and cargo; but I must 
apprize you and desire that you will 
inform the government of Sardinia 
that any paper from me will not have 
the smallest weight in an English court 
of justice, where they adjudge from 
what is proved, and not from any opi- 
nion of others, however high their rank 
or station in life. I am very much of 
opinion that the conduct of Privateers 
of all nations is oftentimes very irre- 
gular, to say no more of it; but I can 
only again repeat that I have no con- 
troul over them, their conduct and 
seizures can only be judged in the Court 
of Admiralty. I shall send your letter 
and papers to his Excellency the Gover- 
nor of Gibraltar, that they may be laid 
officially before the Court of Admiralty 
there; and I would recommend the 
case of the taking a Sardinian vessel 
to make other captures to be sent to 
Compte de Fidmont, to be laid before 
the British government, for I am of 
opinion that such conduct ought not to 
be permitted. 

THE POPE. 

The following hemistich gives a 
modest account, and contains a just 
conspectus of what the popes once 
aimed at: 

Divisum imperium cum Jove Papa tenet. 


NOVELTIES 


[ 46 ] 


| Feb. fT, 


+ 


NOVELTIES OF FOREIGN LITERATURE. 


The LAST SLX MONTHS of the LIFE of 
NAPOLEON BONAPARTE. 

APOLEON BONAPARTE was 

endowed with a character of un- 
common grandeur; he imagined there 
were two or three great personages in 
Europe in whom he could place the 
most implicit confidence, and among 
these was the then Prince Regent of 
England. The fallen monarch declar- 
ed: “ the son of George the Third will 
not disinherit himself of the immor- 
tality which I afford him of receiv- 
ing me with generous hospitality.” 
Swayed by this magnanimous sen- 
timent, Napoleon surrendered him- 
self on board the Bellerophon; he 
soon, however, learned that he had 
presumed too much upon the genero- 
sity of his enemies. The English mi- 
nisters preferred the odious title of im- 
placable gaolers to the immortal ho- 
nour of tendering a protecting hand to 
the superb soldier, who only a short 
time ago wore two crowns, made kings 
to tremble, and against whom all the 
“phalanxes of Europe marched in array 
of battle! An exile and irons were 
given to the confiding and unarmed 
warrior, who, for the last twenty-five 
years, fatigued renown itself with the 
noise of his exploits! 

On learning that the policy of the 
sovereigns exiled him on the frightful 
rock of St. Helena, Napoleon expe- 
rienced a sensation, which, although 
immediately repressed, visibly an- 
nounced that this blow had affect- 
ed him in a terrible manner. This 
was naturally to be expected. even had 
he been more impassible than the rock 
he was about to inhabit. 

However, the news of his exile was 
comparatively trifling to the disgust 
and mortification which awaited him 
at St. Helena, governed by a man of 
the character of Sir : 

Although we do not hold with those 
who insist that Napoleon’s death was 
occasioned by some atrocious means, 

et it is natural to think that it might 

ave been in consequence of the phy- 
sical and moral tortures to which he 
was continually a prey. We know that 
his character and his courage were su- 
perior to his great misfortunes, but we 
also know that he was but man, and it 
required more than human fortitude to 
bear up against his accumulated wrongs. 

A few years ago, and under the se- 


renest sky in the universe, he possessed 
kingdoms. palaces, a brilliant court, 
and numerous armies; he reposed on 
the bosom of the daughter of kings ; 
his regards were deliciously turned to- 
wards their beautiful infant, his sole 
heir, whom he loved to idolatry, after 
having more ardently desired him than 
all the treasures of the earth. What 
wealth, what enjoyments, what felicity 
on the head of a single man! History, 
ancient and modern, presents no exam- 
ple of similar prosperity. What was 
left him of this mass of glory and hap- 
piness ? Nothing, absolutely nothing, 
but a few faithful servants, who, not- 
withstanding they afforded him the 
sweetest consolations, yet never could 
succeed in convincing him that happier 
days awaited him in Europe. Tn faet, 
the captive of St. Helena had the fullest 
conviction that death would terminate 
his earthly career on the rock of exile. 
His young consort, his son—his dear 
son whom he idolized—his family, 
some members of which very tenderly 
loved him, that beautiful country, the 
coutinual object of his regrets, those 
ancient companions of glory whom he 
had quitted, but whom he loved more 
than ever ;—the unfortunate Napoleon 
found all these extinct, all were lost 
to him: how many sources of torment 
tu embitter the pain of his exile! Was 
more required in order to plant the 
seeds of death in the heart of Napoleon, 
whatever might be the firmness of his 
character, theamplitude of his courage, 
or the force of his temperament? If 
we add to all these causes, of a nature 
eminently mortal, the homicidal insa- 
lubrity of the climate, and the morti- 
fications which Sir un- 
ceasingly heaped upon his prisoner, 
the world will be constrained to agree 
that he must have been much superior 
to the rest of mankind, so long to resist 
such unheard of sufferings—sufferings 

which he alone could well appreciate. 
According to a letter from Count 
Montholon to the Princess Borghése, 
dated “ Longwood, the 17th March, 
1821,’ Napoleon had, for some years, 
been attacked with a disease of the 
liver, a disease, which at St. Helena is 
endemic and mortal. For more than 
six months this disease made not 
only rapid but alarming progress; from 
the month of June, 1820, until Febru- 
ary, 1821, he had no less than five re- 
Japses, 


1822.} 


lapses, which weakened him exceed- 
ingly. He displayed the same courage, 
under the accumulated mass. of his 
sufferings as he was wont to do before 
the presence of his enemies. Every 
where intrepid, disputing the ground 
of life foot by foot, and only oe fae at 
the instant that cruel death over- 
whelmed him with all its forces. 

From the day en which Bonaparte 
felt the first symptoms of his malady 
he foresaw the consequences of it.‘ I 
believe you to be an able physician,” 
said he to Dr. Antomarchi; “ but when 
He who measures out the thread of 
life has pronounced his decree, all 
-human skill will only be attended 
with vain efforts.” 

In the mean time the invalid daily 
wasted away. From the beginning of 
February he became more gloomy and 
melancholy; the books which were 
generally read to him had no longer 
any charm; solitude alone had the 
secret of pleasing him. He suddenly 
lost all appetite, and soon after was 
fureced to keep his bed ; then was it 
that his most faithful attendants con- 
ceived the liveliest alarms. However, 
favourable intelligence arrived from 
Europe, which appeared to them cal- 
culated to restore hope to his soul. He 
was informed that powerful steps were 
making round the Allied Sovereigns’ 
in order to obtain from them a change 
in the place of his exile: it was added. 
that his family were almost certain of 
soou seeing him -on the continent. 

“They take too much trouble,” 
cried he; “1 thank the persons very 
sincerely who occupy themselves in 
endeavouring to ameliorate my condi- 
tion: but vain promises will probably 
be substituted for humiliations. These 
are steps which will be attended with 
pure loss. Were my oppressors sus- 
ceptible of wishing to reconcile them- 
selves with Heaven and with mankind, 
whom they outrage in me, may I not 
profit by their repentance; it is no 
longer time to revoke a decree of death, 
when the murdered victim does no 
more than palpitate.”’ 

On the 3d of May, he called Counts 
Bertrand and Montholon to his bed- 
side. “Come, my friends,” said he, 
extending forth his hand, “ courage, I 
am not deficient in it; but we must 
separate. You know all the objects 
whom I have not ceased to cherish ; 
let them not be left ignorant of the 
sentiments of friendship with which 


Last Six Months of Napoleon. 


47 


they have always inspired me. Should 
you approach my son—iny friends—I 
prescribe nothing to you. You will 
see my ancient comrades of glory and 
of dangers : tell them that I loved them 
always, that the remembrance of them 
has followed me to the tomb. Should my 
mortal remains be proscribed, as my 
person has been, carry them near to 
that fountain, the waters of which have 
so often quenched my thirst. But 
should my enemies be less exasperated 
against my remains, than when they 
were animated by the breath of life, 
and should leave them at your disposi- 
tion, transport them to the banks of 
the Seine, in the midst of that people 
whom my soul so much loved.’’* 

- Tt was time that the feebleness of the 
illustrious patient should put an end 
to this scene of death. Counts Ber- 
trand and Montholon, whose souls were 
broken down with sufferings, had no 
longer any tears to bid a last adieu to 
the man whom they had so constantly 
loved—so faithfully served: grief— 
true gtief weeps not, it choaks the 
utterance. 

In the evening of the same day, the 
young Marchand, valet-de-chambre of 
Napoleon, received the most unequi- 
vocal proofs of the gratitude of his 
master. But among the benefits with 
which he was overwhelmed, that which 
was most flattering to this zealous ser- 
vant, were the words addressed to him 
by the dying Emperor: “ I shall give 
you much less, my friend, but you will 
not the less, on that account, cherish 
my memory. I know your heart, it is 
made for constancy and friendship.” 

On the 5th of May, Napoleon, in an 
almost agonising state, was again vi- 
sited by Doctors Arnot, of the 20th 
regt. Short, army physician, and 
Mitchell, first medical officer of the 
navy. But death had already marked 
him for his prey ; all assistance was in 
vain. The patient expired the same 
day, at ten minutes before six o’clock. 
His life was no longer held but by an 
almost broken thread, while his soul 
was yet occupied with that adored 
country of which he was the sovereign : 
France !—France !—were the last words 
he uttered. piles: 

Thus finished, in the force of age, 


* The circumstances to which this para- 
graph relates, have been communicated 
to us by one of the eye-witnesses of this 


affecting scene. 
on 


48 
on a rock in the midst of the ocean, 
and in the arms of a few faithful ser- 
vants, the mortal career of this extra- 
ordinary man, who had not his equal 
in the ages that are past, nor will have, 
in all probability, in the future. 

Thus finished this political and war- 
like Colossus, whose remains ought to 
be consigned to a rich mausoleum, in 
the execution of which, the combined 
talents of the great masters of the fine 
arts, ought to be employed. But, alas! 
the remains of this first of heroes, now 
lie buried under an humble stone, at a 
«listance of nearly six thousand miles 
from the theatre of his exploits! The 
intrepid soldier, who, during sixteen 
years, conducted millions of men to 
victory, had only a few despairing 
friends, and his relenting gaolers— 
moved with compassion, to serve him 
as an escort to the field of repose. 

With the exception of a few indivi- 
duals, cowardly sycophants of Sir 
, every one who was de- 
serving the name of Englishman felt 
interested in the misfortunes of Napo- 
poleon: some, even, would have wished 
at the risk of their lives, to ameliorate 
his fate, and redouble his consolations. 
Of this number was Capt. Poppleton, 
an officer of artillery. attached to his 
person. When this brave officer, who 
knew how to reconcile his duties with 
the regard and respect due to misfor- 
tune, came to take the last leave of 
Napoleon, the latter made him a present 
of a snuff-box enriched with brilliants, 
saying to him; *“ Adieu, my friend, 
here is the sole bagatelle which is left 
me; deign to receive it, asa proof of 
my gratitude for the noble conduct 
which you have held towards me; this 
trifling gift will recall to you my re} 
inembrance after my death. Tell also 
to your countrymen, in the most dis- 
tinct terms, that I have never con- 
founded them with my oppressors.” 

The captain, deeply affected, seized 
the hand of Napoleon, which he bathed 
with tears. ‘“ Weep not, captain,” 
said the dying man, “I shall soon 
suffer no more !”’ 

Towards the end of 1817, Bonaparte 
received a copy of a work, entitled 
“ Manuscrit venu de Sainte Héléne.”’ 
Searcely had he got it in his possession 
when he shut himself up in his cabinet 
in order to peruse it. We shall here 
leave the individual, who was at the 
same time eye-witness and actor in the 
scene, to speak for himself:— 


Last Six Months of Napoleon. 


[Keb. 1, 


It was about the end of September, 
about two o’clock in theafternoon, when 
Santini* came to summon me to the 
presence of the Emperor. I found Na- 
poleon lively affected. “ See,” said he, 
presenting me with the pamphlet, “ this 
is what is published in France under 
my name, and which is freely cireulated 
in all Europeas coming from me. Read 
it; you will there see what miserable 
policy is attributed to me; what prin- 
ciples they ascribe; what detestable 
confessions they make ime utter: it isa 
diabolical work, compiled by my bit- 
terest enemies, for the purpose of losing 
me in the estimation of the allied sove- 
reigns, and thus prevent all hopes of my 
return to Europe.” 

I had only oceasion to read a dozen 
pages of the pamphlet, to assure the 
Emperor that there were not two men 
in France, nor even in Europe, who 
would not immediately discover that 
the work neither was, nor could be; 
from him. ‘“ You would be in the 
right,’’ replied he, “ if my enemies were 
less interested in losing me in public 
opinion. Even the princes, although 
well aware that the book is not mine, 
will not the less, on that account, draw 
a pretext from it, in order to perpetuate 
my sorrows.” 

There are no species of reports to 
which the death of Bonaparte has not 
given birth. It is principally on the 
causes which have produced it that 
public opinion varies the most. We 
shall not hazard giving our opinion on 
so delicate an affair. We shall content 
ourselves with making known certain 
facts which, if they were not the pri- 
mary cause of the decease of so extra- 
ordinary a man, were not less of a na- 
ture to hasten his days, supposing that 
policy had no hand in his death. 

Bonaparte was secretly undermining 
his health with excessive grief; it prey- 
ed heavy upon his mind, and nothing 
was more nafural; but, among the 
number of his sorrows, there was one 
more deadly than all the rest; it was 
not the loss of his throne, however sen- 
sibly he felt that ; it was not his exile 
in the middle of the ocean, whatever 
were the inconveniences and ennui at- 
tending it. 

Napoleon had a firm conviction that 
his consort, the Arch-Duchess, had never 
endeavoured to do for him what, in 


* Santini, a Corsican by birth, attached 
to the person of Bonaparte, at St. Helena. 
the 


1322] 


quality of consort and mother, she was 
bound to have done. This conviction, 
which was his death-warrant—the worm 
that gnawed upon his vitals—followed 
him to the tomb without his having 
directly confided the secret, even to his 
most intimate friends. Some few short 
sentences, wrested from him by the force 
of circumstances, alone fixed their opi- 
nion on this subject. This peculiarity 
of his life would still be unknown. had 
not death terminated his career. 

Such was the character of Bonaparte, 
that lre would have thought himself 
degraded in the eyes of his consort had 
he confessed to her that he had occasion 
for her services. 

In 1814, the Countess of Saint Leu, 
who was acquainted with part of his 
most hidden secrets, advised Napoleon 
to request Marie Louise to interpose in 
the amelioration of his affairs. ‘ No, 
madam,”’ replied he to her, “ the Arch- 
Duchess has seen me at the summit of 
human power; it does not become me 
to tell her now that I am descended 
from it, and still less to beg of her to 
countenance me with her credit.” 

_ This proud spirit, whatever his ene- 
mies may say of it, was by no means a 
misplaced pride. An ignoble soul 
would not have possessed it; but with 
Napoleon it was quite natural. It 
wonld be wrong to infer from thence, 
that he disdained the services which 
his consort might have been able to 
render him at the court of her father, 
Fraucis II. It was quite otherwise. He 
wished that the Arch-Duchess should 
anticipate his wishes ; that without re- 
quiring from him a confession of his 
situation, she should secretly put her 
hand te work in skilfully managing 
her resources with her father. 

The desire of seeing his consort me- 
diate between him and the court of 
Austria, may be dated from the month 
of June, 1813, the epoch at which the 
Emperor of Germany declared himself 
for the coalition against his own son- 
in-law. The young Empress was with 
him when he received the intelligence. 
“ Well, madam,” said he to his consort, 
regarding her obliquely, “ your father 
is then about to march anew against 
me! Thank Heaven! now I am alone 
against all; yes, alone — absolutely 
alone !’’ The Emperor pronounced these 
last words with an emphasis. and at the 
same time an affection difficult to he 
defined. The Empress probably felt all 
its energy ; her eyes were filled with 

MonvTuLy Mag. No, 364. 


Last Six Months of Napoleon. 


49 


tears ; she arose and went to her apart- 
ment. Caulincourt remarked to the 
emperor, that Marie Louise was ready 
to burst into tears, ‘Crying relieves 
the ladies,” replied Napoleon, and im- 
mediately changed the subject. 

Had Bonaparte, after his return from 
Elba, remained tranquil possessor of 
the throne, the great personages who 
were at Paris at the time of its first 
surrender to the allies, would no doubt 
have been sharply reprimanded for the 
conduct which they had held. * They 
behaved themselves, for the greater 
part, like men with whom riches are 
every thing, and honour nothing.” 
Such was the remark he made to Car- 
not, on the 20th of March. ‘ How 
was it” said he, again, “that in the 
council of the Empress Regent, there 
should not have been found a man of 
genius, with ardent head, susceptible 
of not being induced to await my orders, 
in order to elevate the courage of the 
Empress to the grandeur of the circum- 
stances? The moment was supreme. 
It was necessary to inspire my consort 
with the glory of becoming a second 
Marie Theresé. Who can calculate 
the effect which would have been pro- 
duced’by my young consort running 
through all the ranks of the army of 
the lines and those of the National 
guard, holding her young son in her 
arms, presenting him to all, and plac- 
ing herself and him under the protec- 
tion of their courage, and of their 
bayonets. I know the French nation ; 
it would not have been less generous 
than the Hungarians: I should then 
have had the time to arrive. But in these 
decisive moments, the army alone, 
which had no treasures to place in se-. 
curity, showed itself worthy of its an- 
cient reputation. Why cannot J efface 
from my remembrance the circum- 
stances of this event! Every time that 
they present themselves to iy mind, I 
abridge my life an hour.” 

On learning that some French sol- 
diers had been ma+:sacred:at Marseilles 
and other provinces of the south, he 
cried out, as one beside himself, ** they 
were, without doubt, unarmed!”? Be- 
ing told that in fact they had laid down 
their arms in token of peace, he added : 
“ [ helieve it, indeed; otherwise their 
assassins would not have dared to look 
them in the face.” Returning after- 
wards towards the persons who were 
present, he said, “ and you would 
wish that my soul was not in agony! 

i It 


50 


it is already doing a great deal to pre- 
vent myself dying with grief.” 

* It is not without efforts’ said he, 
sometimes, “* that I have succeeded in 
calming my spirits on the subject of the 
number of ingrates whomI have made ; 
however, there are five of them in 
France whose conduct, with respect to 
me, is so enormous, that the horror 
with which they inspire me, recalls 
them unceasingly to my mind. Of all 
the sufferings which undermine me, 
this is not the least.” 

“ Fou a sovereign who has worn two 
crowns, I am poor, my dear Count ;* 
as a private individual I should be im- 
mensely rich, if I were on my return 
to Europe. It is then that I would 
consent to live only for three years, 
provided it were permitted me to pass 
them in France as a simple citizen. 
With what pleasure would I visit my 
old companions of arms! I would go 
to seek them at the plough and in the 
manufactories ; two-thirds of my for- 
tune would be their patrimony. How 
then am I constituted 2 In France I 
loved them in a mass, as intrepid war- 
riors, here IT cherish them, I feel for 
them individually. If it happen that 
grief and disappointment should con- 
duct me to the tomb, the misfortunes 
of the ancient army will contribute 
something towards it; they cause me 
to pass many unhappy nights.”’ 

These were, without doubt, self- 
evident troubles. We shall close the 
series of them by that which caused 
him the greatest torment; because 
night and day, at every hour, and at 
every moment, the object of it was 
present to his mind: viz. the remem- 
brance of his young son. 

All the passions of Bonaparte have 
been, with him, carried to a higher de- 
gree than among other men ; and that 
was to be expected in a man who so 
essentially differed from the vulgar of 
mankind. It is not, then, astonishing 
that the love which he bore to his son 
should have heen carried to enthusiasm. 

According to those persons who had 
access to his society at St. Helena, his 
young heir was the continual object of 
his solicitude during the last seven 
years. “ For him, alone,” he said, “I 
returned from the Isle of Elba; and if 


* Besides that, this passage bears no 
date, nothing indicates whether it is Count 
Las-Cases or Montholon, of which men- 
tion is made here. 


Last Six Months of Napoleon. 


[Keb. 1. 


I still form some expectations in exile, 
it is also for him.” “Do I deceive 
myself,” demanded he one day of the 
Countess of Montholon, “ in imagin- 
ing that this rock, all frightful as it is, 
would be an Elysium if my son were 
by my side? On receiving into my 
arms that infant so many times fer- 
vently demanded of Heaven, could [ 
have believed that one day he would 
become the source of my greatest an- 
guish ? Yes, madam, every day he 
costs me tears of blood. I imagine to 
myself the most horrid events, aud I 
cannot remove them from my mind; I 
see either the potion or the empoisoned 
fruit which is about to terminate the 
days of that young innocent, by the 
most cruel sufferings. _ Compassionate 
my weakness, madam, console me.” 

What must have been the agonisin 
tortures of a man who thus expresse 
himself? 

Bonaparte had never too much incli- 
nation for the sciences of pure amuse- 
ment. However, he had in his youth 
composed a poem on Corsica, some ex- 
tracts of which are to be found in “ Les 
Annales de l’Europe,”’ a German col- 
lection. However this may be, it is 
not yet come to the knowledge of the 
public that he had ever, since that 
epoch, composed a single verse. It 
required nothing short of the solitude 
of exile, and the idolatry which he 
manifested for his son, to inspire him 
with the following verses, which he, iu 
all probability, destined for the portrait 
of this young infant, and which never- 
theless, for reasons of which we are 

-ignorant, he kept always concealed. 


AU PORTRAIT DE MON FILS. 
De mon fils bien aimé délicieuse image ! 
Ce sont bien la ses traits, sa beauté, sa 
candeur. 
Je ne le verrai plus: sur un plus doux rivage 
Ne pourrais-je jamais le presser sur mon 
coeur ? 
O mon fils! mon cher fils! qu’aujourd’hui 
ta présence 
A Vauteur de tes jours épargnerait d’ennui ! 
Sous mes yeux, je verraiss’élever ton enfance ; 
Plus tard, de mes vieux ans tu deviendrais 
Vappui. 
Prés de toi, j’ oublierais mes malheurs et ma 
gloire ; 
Prés de toi, sur ce roc, je me croirais aux 
cieux 5 
Dans tes bras, j’ oublierais que quinze ans la 
victoire 
Avait placé ton Pere au rang des demi- 
dieux. 
We give here another version of these 
verses, 


1822.] 


verses, because in both the originals 
which we have before us, nothing in- 
dicates which composition Bonaparte 
pecterred. 

é mon jeune héritier, délicieuse image ! 

Oui, voili bien ses traits, son aimable 

candeur. 
Tl ne vit plus pour moi ; sur cet affreux rivage, 

Il ne viendra jamais s’appuyer sur mon 

ceeur. 
O mon sang! O mon fils! que ta douce pré- 
sence, 

A ton malheureux Pere épargnerait d’ennui! 
Doucement je verrais s’éleyer ton enfance ; 

A mes vieux ans plus tard tu servirais 

Wappui. 
Seul, tu me tiendrais lieu de couronne et de 
gloire. 

Avec toi, sur ce roc, je serais dans les cieux. 
T’embrassant, j’oublierais que vingt ans la 

victoire, 

M’avait mis en Europe au rang des demi- 

dieux. 

These verses alone are worth a whole 
commentary on the sorrows with which 
Bonaparte was devoured. 

This sketch of the troubles of every 
kind to which Napoleon found himself 
a prey, and of which the excess alone 
drew a confession from him, may give 
an idea of these which he had the 
strength to concentrate in his soul. It 
is by supplying their loss by reflection, 
that we are justified in supposing that 
this mass of sorrows, which weighed 
with so much force on his existence, 
may naturally have hastened the period 
of his death, if it was not the first and 
sole cause of it. 

Time, whose iron hand generally 
rends asunder the veils of obscurity, 
may ou this occasion well be excused 
from lending her aid, and leave un- 
solved the primary causes of the death 
of this extraordinary man. 

The following anecdote is sufficient 
to prove that Napoleon did not always 
resent personal injuries: 

On the 12th of March, 1811, the stu- 
dents of one of the Imperial Lyceums 
received for the subject of composition, 
the speech of M. de Fontanes to the 
Emperor, on his return from his last 
campaign against Austria. This speech, 
commencing with the words, “ Sire, 
the University, &c.,”? was, as usual, a 
tissue of eulogies from beginning to end. 

One of these young students, whom 
M. de Chateaubriand is pleased to call 
4 young barbarians,’’ soon after he had. 
taken down the subject, instead of 
translating the proposed eulogy, quitted 
his form, went up to the professor, and 
delivered to him his note-book, on 


Last Six Months of Napoleon, 


51 


which he had written the following 
lines of I. B. Rousseau : ‘ 

‘¢ Et je pourrais forcer ma bouche 

A louer un héros farouche 

Né pour le malheur des humains !” 
which may be thus translated: “ And 
can J force my lips to praise a ferocious 
hero, born for the misfortune of man- 
kind !” 

We know not who it was that wisheil 
to sacrifice this young man ;—but it is 
not the less true that Napoleon was in- 
formed of the circumstance. “ Has 
this young man any talents ?”’ demand- 
ed he— does he promise to became 
a good soldier?” On assuring the 
Emperor that he was one of the ablest 
students of the class—“* Very well,” 
added Napoleon, “ leave him to give 
vent to his passion ; I shall present him 
with a handsome epaulet, and he will 
one day be one of my best officers.” 
The following is the TESTAMENT Of NAPO- 

LEON relative to his private property. 

This day, April 14, 1821, at Longwood, 
in the island of St. Helena. 

This is my testament, or act of my last 
will :— 

I leave to the Comte de Montholon 
2,000,000 francs, as a proof of my satis- 
faction for the attentions he has paid to 
me for these six years, and to indemnify 
him for the losses which my residence in 
St. Helena has occasioned him.—I leave 
to the Comte Bertrand 500,000 francs.—I 
leave to Marchand, my first valet de cham- 
bre, 400,000 francs; the services he has 
performed for me are those of a friend. I 
desire that he may marry a widow, sister, 
or daughter of an officer or soldier of my 
old guard.—To Saint Dennis, 100,000 
francs.—To Novarre, 100,000 francs.—To 
Pijeron, 100,000 francs.—To Archambaud, 
50,000 francs.—To Cuvier, 50,000 francs. 
—To Chandelle, idem. i 

To the Abbe Visnale, 100,000 francs. I 
desire that he may build his house near 
Ponte Novo de Rossino. 

To Count Las Cases 100,000 franes.—To 
Count Lavalette, 100,000 francs. 

To the Surgeon in Chief, Larrey, 100,000 
francs. He is the most virtuous man I 
have known. 

To Gen. Lefevre Desnonettes, 100,000 
francs.—To Gen. Drouet, 100,000 francs. 
—To General Cambronne, 100,000 francs. 
—To the children of General Muton Du- 
vernais, 100,000 frances. —To the children 
of the brave Labedoyere, 100,000 francs. 
—To the children of General Girard, killed 
at Ligny, 100,000 francs.—To the children 
of General Chartrau, 100,000 francs —To 
the children of the virtuous General Tra- 
vost, 100,000 francs.—To General Lalle- 
mand, the elder, 100,000 francs.——To Costa 

Bastilica, 


52 


Bastilica, also 100,000 francs.—To General 

Clauscel, 100,000 francs,—To the Baron de 

Menevalle, 100,000 francs—To Arnault, 
uthor of Marius, 100,000 francs. 

To Colonel Marbot, 100,000 frances: I 
request him to continue to write for the 
defence and the glory of the French armies, 
and to confound the calumniators and the 
apostates. 

To the Baron Bignon, 100,000 francs : 
T request him to write the history of 
French Diplomacy from 1792 to 1815. 

To Poggi de Talaro, 100,000 francs.—To 
the Surgeon Emmery, 100,000 franes. 

These sums shall be taken from the six 
millions which I deposited on leaving Paris 
in 1815, aud from the interest at the rate 
of 5 per cent. since July, 1815; t1e ac- 
count of which shall be adjusted with the 
bankers by the Counts Montholon, Ber- 
trand, and Marchand. 

These legacies, in the ease of death, 
shall be paid to the widows and childen, 
and in their default, shall revert to the 
capital. 

Tinstitute the Counts Montholon, Ber- 
trand, and Marchand my testamentary 
executors. 

This present testament, written entirely 
by my own hand, is signed and sealed 
with my arms. NAPOLEON, 

April 24, 1821. Longwood. 

This is my codicil to the act of my last 
will. :— 

On the liquidation of my civil list of 
Italy—such as money, jewels, plate, linen, 
coffers, caskets, of which the viceroy is 
the depositary, and which belong to me— 
I dispose of two millions, which I leave to 
my most faithful servants. I hope that, 
without their showing any cause, my son 
Eugene Napoleon will discharge them 
faithfully. He cannot forget the forty 
millions which I have given him in Italy, 
or by the right (paraye) of his mother’s 
inheritauce. 

To the Comte Montholon 200,000 francs, 
100,000 of which he will pay into the 
chest, for the same use as the above, to be 
employed according to my dispositions in 
the discharge of legacies of conscience. 

This codicil is written in my own hand, 
signed and sealed with my arms. 

NAPOLEON. 
} April 24, 1821, Longwood. 

This is also another codicil, or act of my 
last will :— 

The 9,000). sterling, which we have 
given to the Comte and the Comtesse Mon- 
tholon, if they have been paid, are to be 
deducted and charged in account against 
the legacies which we have made him by 
our testament. If they have not been 
paid, our bills shall be cancelled. 

In consequence of the legacy made by 
our testament to the Comte Montholon, 
the pension of 20,000 francs granted to his 


Last Six Monihs of Napoteon. 


" [Febo Tr: 


wife is annulled. Comte Montholon is 
directed to pay it to her. 

The administration of such succession 
until its entire liquidation, requiring ex- 
penses in offices, for journeys, commission, 
consultations, pleadisgs, we intend that 
our testamentary executors shall retain 3 
per cent. on all the legacies, both on the 
6,800,000 francs, and on the sums be- 
queathed by the codicils. 

The sums proceeding from these deduc- 
tious shall be deposited in the hands of a 
treasurer, and expended on the order of 
our testamentary executors. 

We appoint Comte Las Caves, or in bis 
default his son, and in his default General 
Drouot, treasurer. 

This present codicil is entirely written 
with our own hand, and sealed with our 
arms. NAPOLEON. 

This 24th of April, 1821, Longwood. 

This is my codicil and act of my last 
will:— 

From the funds remitted in gold to the 
Empress Maria Louisa, my very dear and 
well-beloved spouse, at Orleans, in 1814, 
there remain due to me two millions, 
which I dispose of by the present codicil, 
in order to recompense my most faithful 
servants, whom I beside recommend to 
the protection of my dear Maria Louisa. 

I leave 200,000 frances to Comte Mon- 
tholon, 100,000 francs of which he shalt 
pay into the chest of the treasurer, for the 
same purpose as the above, to be employed 
according to my dispositions, in legacies 
of conscience. 

This codicil is written with my own 
hand, signed and sealed with my arms. 

NAPOLEON. 

Monsieur Laritte,—I remitted to 
you in 1815, at the moment of my depar- 
ture from Paris, a sum of nearly six mil- 
lions, for which you gave me a doublé re- 
ceipt. I have cancelled one of these re- 
ceipts, and I have charged Count de Mon- 
tholon to present to you the other receipt, 
in order that you may after my death de- 
liver to him the said sum with interest at 
the rate of 5 per cent. from the Ist of July, 
1815, deducting the payments with which 
you have been charged in virtue ofmy order, 

I desire that the liquidation of your 


~ aecount be settled by mutual consent be- 


tween you, Comte Montholon, Comte Ber- 
trand, and the Sieur Marchand; and that 
this liquidation being adjusted, 1 give you 
by these presents, full and absolute dis- 
charge of the sum. 

1 also remitted to you a box containing 
my medallion. I beg you will deliver it to 
Comte Montholon. 

This letter having no other object, I 
pray God, Monsieur Lafitte, that he may 
have you in his holy and worthy keeping. 
Longwood, in the island NAPOLEON. 

of St. Helena, April 25, 1821. 

Napoleon 


1822. ] 


Napoleon is interred in a picturesque 
place, situated in a valley, near a place 
called Hut’s Gate. After his arrival in 
the island, Marshal Bertrand lodged at 
Hut’s Gate, while a house was building 
for him near the Emperor, who made 
frequent visits to him and his family. 
They often walked to a fountain of 
water, which is very good, and esteemed 
the best in the island, and carried with 


New Patents and Mechanical Inventions. 53 


them a glass to drink from it. Madame 
Bertrand and the Marshal were always 
with him, and he often said to them, 
“Tf it is destined that I die on this 
rock, let me be buried in this place,” 
pointing to the willows near the foun- 
tain. 

No. 1 represents the Tomb-Stone— 
No. 2 the Spring. 


BURIAL PLACE OF NAPOLEON. 


NEW PATENTS AND MECHANICAL INVENTIONS, 


——>—_ 


To JAMES HENRY MARSH, of Chenies 
Street, Tottenham Court Road, for 
certain Improvements on Wheeled 
Carriages. 

\ITESE improvements may be con- 
sidered as of two parts; first, the 
form of the interior of the nave box of 
the wheel, and secondly the mode of 
attaching the pannels of the carriage to 
the frame-work. The patentee proposes 
to make the interior of the box tri- 
angular, square, or polygonal, instead 


of cylindrical, asheretofore. The nave- . 


box being of any of these forms, so 
small a part of its surface will come in 
contact with the axle, that the wheel 
will revolve much more freely and with 
less friction than in the present cylin- 
dri¢al boxes, where the axle and box 
are nearly in contact with each other 
all round, 

The patentee does not confine himself 
to any regular form, but claims to make 
the interior angles of the box with 
blunted or rounded corners ; or to use 
cylindrical boxes with longitudinal 


ribs, to reduce the surface of contact. 
and leave interstices for the reception 
of the grease, or other matter used to 
reduce the friction. 

In his improvements in the construc- 
tion of the carriage body, instead of 
boarding the roof or pannelling up the 
back and upper quarters as usual, he 
proposes to leave them open or in ribs, 
and to close the spaces with shu‘ters, 
doors, or flaps, with rebates on their 
edges; and these flaps or shutters are 
attached to the frame-work on hinges, 
so as to enable them to swing. The 
external joints of the rebates are cover- 
ed by slips of metal screwed down, 
which may be displaced when required. 
These improvements are proposed to be 
added to old carriages of any descrip- 
tion. 

An improvement in the construction 
of the perch and wings of carriages is 
also proposed, which cousists in the 
use of bent timbers, instead of cutting 
the perch and wings across the grain 
out of straight wood, in a curved ran 

n 


54 


In some carriages he makes the seats 

to fold up into boxes by joining all the 

parts with hinges of metal or leather 5 

and proposes to attach these folding 

seats to carriages as additions, conceal- 
ed by folding together into shallow 

boxes.—Inrolled June, 1821. 

To THOMAS BonsoR CROMPTON, of 
Farnworth, Lancashire, for an Im- 
provement in Drying and Finishing 
Paper. 

This improvement consists in a mode 
of conducting the newly-formed paper, 
by means of endless or circulating feed- 
ing cloths, over heated cylinders, for 
the purpose of drying it more expedi- 
tiously. These cloths are proposed to 
be made hy the union of linen warp, 
and woollen weft. The machine, ap- 
plied to the purpose of drying and fi- 
nishing paper, consists of several revolv- 
ing hollow metal cylinders, mounted in 
an horizontal frame, and tu be heated 
by steam. The heated cylinders are 
turned by a series of spur-wheels, one 
upon the axis of each cylinder, with 
eog-wheels intervening, which take 
into teeth and connect the whole train ; 
the power for driving the train being 
communicated to any one of the 
wheels. 

Along the side of the machine is 
carried a steam-pipe, from which the 
steam is passed by cocks through the 
axles of the cylinders for the purpose 
of heating them. There are a number 
of small rollers, both above and below 
the cylinders. over which the feeding 
cloth passes, forming to each cylinder 
and its set of rollers an endless web, 
which receives the wet paper as it is 
first delivered, and conducts it round 
the series of drying cylinders. 

When the paper has arrived at the 
end of the machine it is discharged in 
a dry and finished state, and herea pair 
of shears or cutters are placed, for the 
purpose of cutting the paper as deliver- 
ed into sheets of any required length. 
There are screws connected to the lower 
rollers for the purpose of lightening or 
loosening the web, in the event of the 
paper expanding or contracting as it 
passes through the machine. The cut- 
ter attached to the end of the machine 
is put in motion by means of a tappet- 
wheel, or an excentric connected with 
the revolving train, by which the move- 
able blade is made to cut off the paper 
to any length regulated to the speed 
sueane tappet-wheel.—Inrolled April, 


New Patents and Mechanical Inventions. 


|Web. 1, 


To Mr. MACNAMARA, for Improve- 

ments in Street Paving. 

This invention of Mr. Macnamara’s, 
proposes a new pavement, composed of 
stones 28 inches by 24, each supported 
and supporting two of the adjoining 
stones, and grooved so as to prevent 
horses from slipping. The pavement 
will be somewhat elevated in the 
centre, and the whole will be bound by 
kirb stones, so as to prevent the neces- 
sity of foundation. Mr. Alderman Wood 
has proposed that an essay of this pave- 
ment may be made in the ward of Crip- 
plegate, andjthat another shall be effect- 
ed in the neighbourhood of the Found- 
ling Hospital. We shall duly attend 
to these experiments, and acquaint our 
readers with the result. 

To JAMES HueeertT, of Hailsham, for 
a Drag, to regulate the Speed, and 
prevent Accidents in going down Hill. 
This invention consists of an appara- 

tus. placed under the carriage, which is 
intended to act asa drag, by pressing 
or rubbing against the ground when 
going down hill, or in any situation in 
which it may be necessary to retard 
the velocity of the carriage ; by which 
contrivance very considerable friction 
is produced, and the progress of the 
carriage accordingly impeded. 

The drag, which consists of a broad 
piece of iron, is placed under the perch 
of the carriage, between the hind- 
wheels, or elsewhere, as may be thought 
most convenient. This drag is intend- 
ed to be lowered, so as to come in con- 
tact with the ground, by the driver, 
without quitting his seat, or by any 
other person upon the coach-box or else- 
where, and raised again by a similar 
operation. It is to be worked by a 
winch or handle, near to the coach-box, 
or, if preferred, at the hinder part of 
the carriage. 

When the carriage is standing by, 
out of use, it may be desirable to draw 
up the drag close under the carriage, 
which may be done by unhooking the 
chains. This new-constructed drag is 
applicable also to waggons, and may be 
moved by a winch and pinion behind 
the waggon. 

This improved drag may be also ap- 
plied to light carriages of every descrip- 
tion, by various modifications of its at- 
tachments, arising out of the peculiar 
construction of such carriages. 

The following are some of its advan- 
tages: 

First. The driver is enabled, without 

3 quitting 


1822.] 


quitting his seat, to stop the coach by 
the application of the handle or winch ; 
and can thereby so regulate the speed of 
the vehicle as to impose a weight of 
more than fifty times that of the car- 
riage on the horses by applying the 
drag ; and thus can the horses be stop- 
ped from advancing, and the passengers 
rescued from danger instantaneously. 

Secondly. If the reins break while 
descending a hill, or the harness he- 
comes entangled or fractured, the dri- 
ver can stop the coach and descend 
in perfect safety. 

Thirdly. Should the horses take 
fright, on the most dangerous part of 
the road, the coachman can impede 
their advance by means of this drag, 
and thus the consequences attendant on 
such perilous situations are promptly 
obviated. 

Fourthly. Should the wheel of a 
carriage break or come off whilst in 
motion, this drag will retain the vehi- 
cle upright till means are resorted to 
for repairing the wheel; and if the 
horses should fall, it will be found to 
afford complete safety to the coach and 
passengers.—Inrolled Feb. 10, 1820. 
To WiLLtAM ERSKINE COCHRANE, 

Esq. of Somerset-street, Portman- 

square, for an Improvement in the 

construction of Lamps.—June, 1820. 


This patentee declares that his im- ° 


provement consists in a certain disposi- 
tion of the parts of lamps used for illu- 
mination, whereby the flame is made 
to riseor ascend from the wick in an 
inclined or oblique direction, instead 
of rising perpendicularly from the 


Literary an Philosophical Intelligence. 


55 


wick, which is the natural direction of 
flame. By my improvement a current 
of air is directed in an horizontal, ob- 
lique, or inclined direction upon the 
flame, so as to carry the flame out 
of its natural perpendicular, and cause 
it to project over the edge of the wick 
and burner, and therefore the light 
will shine upon the ground or place, 
immediately beneath the lamp, with- 
out throwing a shadow beneath, as 
must be the case in other lamps where 
the flame rises perpendicularly from 
the wick. 

LIST OF PATENTS FOR NEW INVENTIONS. 

To Thomas Martin and Charles Grafton, 
of Birmingham, printing ink manufacturers, 
for making fine light black of very superior 
colour, called spirit black. 

To Benjamin Thompson, of Ayton Cottage, 
Durham, for facilitating the conveyance of 
carriages along iron and wood railways, 
trainways, and other roads. 

To Charles Tuely, of Kenton-street, Bruns- 
wick-square, cabinet-maker, for improve- 
ments applicable to window sashes. 

To Samuel Hobday of Birmingham, patent 
snuffer maker, for his new and improved me- 
thod or principle of manufactwing the furni- 
ture for umbrellas and parasols. 

To John Frederic Archbold, of Sergeant’s 
Inn, Fleet-street, esq. for his mode of venti- 
lating close carriages. 

To Richard Wright, of Mount-row, Kent- 
road, engineer, for improvements in the pro- 
cess of distillation. 

To David Redmund, of Agnes Circus, 
Old-street-road, engineer, for improvements 
in the construction of hinges for doors. 

To Franz Anion Egells, of Britannia 
Terrace, City-road, engineer, for improve- 
ments on steam engines. 


VARIETIES, LITERARY AND PHILOSOPHICAL, 
Including Notices of Works in Hand, Domestic and Foreign. 
————» 


tee state of the periodical press in 
France has determined several 
French literati of the first eminence to 
commence a Literary Magazine in the 
French language in London. It will 
not be of a political character, but it 
will not oppose itself to that spirit of 
free enquiry which is essential to the 
prosperity of the human race, and will 
therefore be acceptable to liberal and 
enlightened readers of the French lan- 
guage in all countries where men think 
for themselves, and do not wish to see 
truth on any subject perverted and 
hood-winked. Literature, Science, the 
useful and elegant Arts, Poetry, and 
Criticism, will constitute its prominent 


features, and its political details will 
be strictly limited to facts. It will in 
truth be a mirror-of current French 
literature. From its being printed out 
of France, the whole range of the lite- 
rature of the day will be open to the 
conductors, and al] that is super-excel- 
lent will be transferred to its pages. 
The first number is expected to appear 
on the Ist of March, and may be had 
of the booksellers and post masters in 
Europe and America. 

On account of its great importance, 
we anticipate the specification of a pa- 
tent recently secured by Mr. Griffith, 
of Brompton, a gentleman not un- 
known in the literary world by his 

travels 


a6 


travels in Asia Minor, and other works. 
Mr. G. in connection with a professor 
of mechanics on the continent, bas at 
length solved the long considered pro- 
blem of propelling by STEAM, carriages 
capable of transporting merchandise, 
and also passengers upon common roads 
without the aid of horses. The actual 
construction of such a carriage is now 
proceeding at the manufactory of 
Messrs. Bramah, and its appearance in 
action may be expected to take place 
in the course of the spring. We shall 
endeavour to obtain a drawing of this 
carriage when completed, and furnish 
our readers with such other particulars 
as may merit their attention. The 
power to be applied in this machine is 
equal to that of six horses, and the 
carriage altogether will be twenty-eight 
feet in length, running upon three inch 
wheels, and equal to the conveyance of 
three and a half tons, with a velocity of 
frum three to seven miles per hour, 
varied at pleasure. All our intelligent 
readers will be sensible of the vast im- 
_portance, in a political and social sense, 
of the introduction of such machines 
on all our great roads. The saving in 
carriage of goods, will be fifty per cent. 
and for passengers inside fares will be 
taken at outside prices. The universal 
importance of this great triumph of 
the mechanical arts, has led Mr. Grif- 
fith to take out patents in Austria and 
France, where the governments have 
honoured themselves by their liberal 
attention and special patronage, and 
one carriage has actually been launched 
at Vienna, and operates with success. 
By availing himselfof various*improve- 
ments, in the transfer, regulation and 
economy of force, all the usual objec- 
tions are removed, such as the ascent 
of hills, securing a supply of fuel and 
water ; and in fine, the danger of ex- 
plosion is prevented, not only by the 
safety valve, but by the distribution of 
the steam into tubes, so as to render 
any possible explosion wholly unim- 
ortant. Every carriage will be pro- 
vided with a director of the fore wheels 
sitting in front, and with a director of 
the steam apparatus sitting in the rear, 
and the body of the vehicle will be situ- 
ated between the fore-wheels and the 
machinery. 

Shortly will be published, in one 
handsome volume, a Mother’s Portrait, 
sketched after her decease, for the be- 
nefit of her children, by their surviving 
parent. 


Literary and Philosophical Intelligence. 


[Feb. J, 


) 

Early in the ensuing month will be 
published, Specimens of the American 
Poets: with biographical and critical 
notices, and a preface. 

Mr. CHILDREN has in the press a 
translation of Professor Berzelius’ work 
on the use of the Blowpipe in Chemical 
Analyses, aid Mineralogical Investi- 

ation, with notes and other additions 
by himself. It will form an octavo 
volume and be illustrated with engrav- 
ings. 

Mr. Peter NiIcHOoLson’s Elements 
of Mathematics, which have been 
nearly seven years in the press, will 
be published early in February, in a 
large volume of 900 pages, octavo, with 
a separate key for the use of tutors. 
In mathematics, this work will cor- 
respond in utility with Walkingame’s 
and Joyce’s works in Arithmetic. 

It is our painful duty to notice that 
cases of small pox, after vaccination, 
continue to multiply in a degree which 
calls for the formal examination and 
impartial report of the faculty, and 
perhaps even of the legislature. The 
Editor of this Miscellany was the first 
public writer who espoused the cause 
of vaccination, yet he prefers the cause 
of truth; the circumstance of a son of 
his own, who was vaccinated by Dr. 
Jenner, in 1802, having recently had 
the small pox with great severity, after 
the first approach which he had toa 
variolous subject, has led the Editor to 
make enquiries which terminate in the 
preceding opinion. He discovers that 
in some cases, whole families, many 
ee subsequent to their vaccination, 
have communicated the variolous dis- 
ease to one another. It has been sug- 
gested that a general re-vaccination 
would be adviseable; but the subject 
ought to be gravely investigated, and 
the best remedy advised by those high 
authorities in the profession, who have 
given their sanction to the new prac- 
tice. 

Public Men of all Nations: contain- 
ing above 2000 lives of living public 
characters, with 150 engraved portraits, 
is far advanced in the press, and will 
be published in February. It will 
forin three volumes the size of Debrett’s 
Peerage. 

An additional volume to the Elegant 
Extracts will speedily be nabislid. in 
prose, by W. RYAN. 

The same author announces by snb- 
scription, a Compendium of the Law 
of Nature and of Nations. 

Lieut. 


1822.) 


Lieut. MARSHALL is preparing for 
the press, a Naval Biography, to consist 
of genealogical, biographical and his- 
torical memoirs of all the flag officers, 
captains, and commanders of his Ma- 
jesty’s fleet, living at the commence- 
ment of the year 1822. 

The Number of the Journal of New 
Voyages and Travels now printing, 
consists of an over-land journey of a 
shipwrecked Englishman in the mari- 
time provinces of China, through dis- 
tricts hitherto unexplored by any Eu- 
ropean. The following Number will 
contain very interesting Travels into 
the interior of Africa, by the crew of 
the Sophia, by which it appears that 
Adams the sailor uever was at Tim- 
buctoo, and that Capt. Riley has made 
many.extravagant mis-stalements. 

Maid Marian, a Tale, in one vol. is 
in the press. 

A third edition of Headlong Hall is 
in the press. 

A very extraordinary discovery was 
a few years since made in Guatimala 
(Mexican Isthmus) of the ruins of an 
extensive city, which had for ages been 
covered with herbage and underwood. 
It has. since been accurately surveyed 
by a learned Spaniard, and drawings 
made of its curiosities. The originals 
of them have arrived in London, and 
will soon be presented to the world. 

Memoirs and select Remains of an 
only Son, are expected to be published 
some time during the ensuing spring or 
in the early part of the summer, by the 
Rey. THOMAS DURANT. 

Shortly will be published, illustrated 
with numerous portraits of historical 
characters, Monarchy Revived, being 
the personal history of Charles the 
Second, from his earliest youth to his 
restoration, comprising many curious 
particulars of his escape after the battle 
of Worcester and his residence on the 
continent. 

Shortly will be published, a legal 
and Constitutional Argument, support- 
ed by authorities, against the alleged 
judicial right of restraining the publi- 
cation of reports of judicial proceedings, 
as assumed by the Lord Chief Justice 
Abbott, at the trials of Thistlewood 
and others for high treason, and en- 
forced against the proprietor of the 
Observer, by a fine of 5001. By J. P. 
THOMAS, esq. 

The Works of John Home, Esq. with 
an account of his Life and Writings, by 
HlenRyY MACKENZIE, Esq. with por- 
traits and maps, will soon appear. 

MonvTuHLY MAG. No. 364. 


Literary and ‘Philosophical Intelligence. 


o7 


We are informed that when Sir 
WALTER Scorr has exhausted his 
inventive powers in novel writing, he 
purposes to direct his genius to the 
Drama, and exhaust his plans in that 
line: thus during his literary career, 
figuring successively as poet, novelist 
and dramatist. 

Accounts from Tripoli state, that the 
expedition under Mr. Beechy, into 
Lebada, was preparing for its depar- 
tnre: and, at the time they are prose- 
enting their researches among the ruins 
of antiquity, Captain Smyth is to sur- 
vey the North African coast. 

Sir Humphrey Davy has published 
the following general obseryations on 
the papyri found in Herculaneum. 
The Roman MSS. found in the Mu- 
seum, are in general compose of pa- 
pytus of a much thicker texture than 
the Greek ones, and the Roman charac- 
ters are usually larger, and the rolls 
much more voluminous; the charac- 
ters of the Greek MSS. likewise, with 
a few exceptions, are more perfect than 
those of the Latin ones. From the 
mixture of Greek characters in several 
fragments of Latin MSS. and from the 
form of the letters and the state of de- 
composition in which they are found, 
it is extremely probable that they were 
of a very ancient date when buried. I 
luoked ‘in- vain amongst the MSS. and 
on the animal charcoal surrounding 
them, for vestiges of letters in oxide of 
iron; and it would seem from these 
circumstances, as well as from the 
omission of any mention of such a sub- 
stance by Pliny, that the Romans, up 
to his period, never used the ink of 
galls and iron for writing: and it is 
very probable, that the adoption of this 
ink, and the use of parchment, took 
place at the same time. The earliest 
MSS. probably in existence on parch- 
ment, are those codices rescripti dis- 
covered by Monsignore Mai, in the 
libraries of Milan and Rome. I have 
tried several substances for restoring 
colour to the letters in ancient MSS. 
The triple prussiate of potash, used in 
the manner recommended by the late 
Sir Charles Blagden, with the alterna- 
tion of acid, I have found successful ; 
but by making‘a weak solution of it 
with a small quantity of muriatic acid, 
and by applying them to the letters in 
their state of mixture with a camel’s 
hair pencil, the results are still better. 
It is remarkable, that no fragments of 
Greek, and very few only of Latin 
poetry, have been found in the whole 

collection 


58 


collection of the MSS. of Hercula- 
neum ; and the sentence in the speci- 
mens we unrolled, in which Mr. Elms- 
ley was able to find a sufficient number 
of words to infer their meaning, show 
that the works of which they are the 
remains. were of the same kind as those 
before examined, and belonged to the 
schools of the Greek epicurean philo- 
sophers and sophists. Nearly 1000 
columns of different works, a great 
part unrolled under the superinten- 
dence of Mr. Hayter, and at the ex- 
pense of George 1V. have been copied 
and engraved by the artists employed 
in the Museum; but from the charac- 
ters of the persons charged with their 
publication, there is very little proba- 
bility of their being, for many years, 
offered to the world. Should discove- 
ries of MSS. at any future time be made 
at Herculaneum, it is to be hoped that 
the papyri will be immediately excluded 
from the atmosphere, by being put into 
air-tight cases, filled with carbonic acid 
after their introduction, There can 
he no doubt that the specimens now in 
the Museum were in a much better 
s‘ate when they were first discovered ; 
and the most perfect even, and those 
the coarsest in their texture, must 
have been greatly injured during the 
69 years they have been exposed to the 
atmosphere. The persons who have 
the careof MSS. found at Herculaneum, 
state that their original number was 
1696, and that 431 have been operated 
upon or presented to foreign govern- 
ments, so that 1265 ought to remain ; 
butamongst these, by far the larger pro- 
portion are small fragments, or speci- 
mens so injured and mutilated that 
there is not the least chance of recover- 
ing any portion of their contents; and 
when I first examined the rolls in de- 
tail in January, 1819, it did not appear 
to me that more than from 50 to 120 
offered proper subjects for experiments ; 
and this estimate, as my researches 
proceeded, appeared much too high. 
An account of the Fishes found in 
the River Ganges and its branches, by 
FRANCIS HAMILTON (formerly Bu- 
- CHANAN) M.D. F.R.S. L. and E,. &c. 


in quarto, with a volume of plates, in ~ 


royal quarto, are in forwardness. 

The Rev. E. BERENS, author of Vil- 
lage Sermons, will shortly publish anc- 
ther volume, containing sixteen Village 
Sermons on certain parts of the Chris- 
tian’s character. 

A’Gazette of Fashion, or New Lon- 
don Weekly Mirror, is announced. 


Literary and Philosophical Intelligence. 


(Feb. 1. 


Mr. Crane, author of “+ English 
Synonyms Explained,” has in the 
press a Technological Dictionary, con- 
taining definitions of all terms of art 
or science, drawn from the most ap- 
proved writers, ancient and modern, 
and illustrated with numerous cuts, 
diagrams, and plates. It will be com- 
pleted in two quarto volumes, and 
published in monthly parts. 

Mr. Gin introduces into his re- 
pository a paper on consuming the 
smoke produced from the furnaces of 
steam-engine boilers, brewers’ coppers, 
sugar refiners’ pans, &c. It seems 
that the original invention was by Mr. 
Shefiield,who applied his patent air-con- 
ductors to the bridge of one of his most 
improved reverberatory furnaces; by 
which important addition, he obtained 
the power of admitting or excluding 
the atmospheric air in its purest state 
at pleasure, and thereby obtained the 
means of either calcining or reducing 
the ores, &c. operated upon in the fur- 
nace, as the circumstances required, 
It also constantly had the desired effect, 
on the air being admitted, of consum- 
ing the smoke produced from the coals, 
and conyerting if info flame. When, 
therefore, the consuming of the smoke 
preduced from the furnaces of steam- 
engine boilers, &c. became a desirable 
object, the application of this air-con- 
ductor to that purpose naturally oc- 
curred, and accordingly Mr. JOHN 
WAKEFIELD, of Manchester. took out 
a patent, subsequently to Mr. Sheftield’s, 
for the consumption of the smoke pro- 
duced from the furnaces of steam-en- 
gine antl other boilers; and in which 
patent he claims the inveution of this 
air-conductor, and also its application 


in the bridges and side-walls of such 


furnaces. Mr. WILLIAM JOHNSON, a 
brewer at Salford, near Manchester, 
has also since taken out a patent for 
the same object, and lately published 
his method ef carrying it into effect. 
On comparing it with Mr. Sheffields’, 
it will be found an exact counterpart. 
The furnaces of a steam-engine boiler, 
of many sugar-refiners’ pans, and of 
several brewers’ coppers in the metro- 
polis, have recently been so altered as 
to consume their own smoke on the 
above plans. 

A second volume of the Preacher ; 
being a collection of short, plain Ser- 
mons, partly original, partly selected, 
and adapted to village instruction, by a 
country Clergyman of the Church of 
England, is nearly ready for publication. 

The 


1822.] 


The Works of John Playfair, F.2.5. 
L. and E. late Professor of Natural 
Philosophy in the University of Edin- 
burgh, with an account of the author’s 
Life, are announced at Edinburgh. 

The Rev. THOMAS FINCH has in the 
press, in a ducdecimo volume. Elements 
of Self-Knowledge, or a familiar intro- 
duction to Moral Philosophy. 

Mr. ROBERT BROWN will soon pub- 
lish, in a royal octavo volume, with 
fifty-one engravings, the Principles of 
Practical Perspective, or Scenographic 
Projection. 

Mr. CocHRANE'S expected Treatise 
on the Game of Chess, will certainly 
appear in the course of February. 

Historical Sketches of the Highlands 
of Scotland, with military annals of 
the Highland regiments, by DAVID 
STEWART, colonel in thearmy, are in 
preparation. 

The Edinburgh Annual Register, 
for 1818, will be published in a few 
days.. 

The Rev. JoHN KENRICK has in the 
press, a new edition of the late Rev. 
Timothy Kenrick’s Exposition of the 
New Testament, with additional notes, 
in three octavo volumes. 

During the controversy relative to 
Mr. Buckn’s Tragedy, it may be re- 
membered, that the author stated in his 
preface, that he had not only refused to 
write an Epilogue, but that he had de- 
clined being in any way instramental, 
in attempting to revive the drama of 
the “ Jew of Malta,’ because * he felt 
ashamed in being accessary to the cru- 
elty of offering such an undeserved and 


unprovoked insult to the great body of: 


the Jews.” This conduct havivg given 
great satisfaction to the Jews, a select 
society of them have determined upon 
presenting Mr. Bucke with a splendid 
copy of the “* Talmud of Babylon,” and 
an illuminated one of the “ Talmud of 
Jerusalem.”’ 

Mr. MELMOTH is preparing for pub- 
lication the Beauties of Jeremy Taylor, 
with a memoir of his life, and obser- 
vations on his genius and writings. 

In February will be published, price 
3s. 6d. an Original set of Psalm and 
Hymn Tunes, with a Funeral Ode, 

apted for public worship, and har- 
monized for three and four voices, with 
figured basses for the organ and piano- 
forte. By the Rev. DAVID EVERARD 
Forp, of Lymington. 

By Letters received in town from 
Port Jackson, to the middle of June, 
if appears that Mr. 'Throsby had re- 


Literary and Philosophical Intelligence. 


jy 
turned, on the 20th of April, from an 
excursion into the country to the south- 
ward of Lake George, Mr. Throsby 
fell in with three very considerable ri- 
vers, or streams of water, apparently 
originating in the high lands at the 
back of Jarvis and Bateman’s Bay, 
and taking a westerly evurse. In Mr. 
Throsby’s letter, he says, “ I admit 
the great extent of country through 
which these rivers appear to run, places 
it far beyond my power to determine 
their termination ; yet J still hope they 
will be ultimately found to communi- 
cate with the sea, but certainly not on 
the eastern coast.” 

Foreigners amuse themselves with 
describing England as the most gloomy” 
of all nations, and November as the 
month when the English have no other 
enjoywent but that of hanging and 
drowning themselves. The real fact 
is, that,on a general computation, the 
English are less addicted to the crime 
of suicide than any other nation; aud 
that as to the much-abused month of 
November, it is so far from,being the 
first in the bad pre-eminenee of self- 
murder, that it stands only seventh in 
the list. We refer to the following ac- 
count of suivides, during the last ‘en 
years, in the city and liberty of West- 
minster, from 181]. 


rei} 1| 3) 22 a) a) 5! a} | 2 of a 
i813) | 1! al a] a al 2! al al 2| ol 3 
real ala} a[ a) a) a} af oa] 0| af 3 
1si5| | 4] 3] 2| 2] 3 “7 0! o| 2 11 0 
1816| o| 3} 4| | 0| 3| 3| 3) 3) a| of 4 
7817] 1) 1/ a) 0} a| 2 al a\ ol 2| 5] 2 
rere) aaa spol ala} apa ofa 
re19} 4| 3) 3[ 3] o| 9] | 4) 2| a) 2| a 
TP RCEERCEECE 
1821) 1) 2) 2! 0| 4] 3) of 3) 0 a] 0) a 
Tot |21/20'24'14l14!25|30'15\15\121197|17 


Of the above. 163 were males, (in- 
cluding four of felo-de-se), and 63 were 
females. 

Mr. O’ Byrne, sent from Sierra Leone 
to establish a commercial intercourse 
with certain African chiefs of the inte- 

rior 


60 Literary and Philosophical Intelligence. 


rior, has entered the country of Limba, 
by Laiah, a city distant about seven 
leagues from the river which forms the 
boundary of the country of Timmani. 
His reception was very favourable with 
all the chiefs, one of whom, of Port 
Logo, accompanied him to Woulla, 
and seut his brother with him to Kou- 
kouna, From this last place he ad- 
vanced to the frontiers of Foulah, the 
chiefs of which agreed, in a palaver, to 
open a commercial correspondence with 
Sierra Leone. 

The Royal Society have awarded the 
two Copley Medals, this year, to JoHN 
FRED. HERSCHELL, esq. for his ma- 
thematical and optical papers, publish- 
ed in the: Transactions; and to Capt. 
E. SABINK, H.A. for his experiments 
on the pendulum, and on magnetism, 
made during two expeditions in 1818 
and 1819 to the Arctic Regions. 

FRANCE. 

We have received with much plea- 
sure the prospectus of a “ Société de la 
Morale Chrétienne ayant pour objet C ap- 
plication des préceptes du Christianisme 
aux relations sociales.”’ Its objects cor- 
respond in part with that of the society 
instituted in London, by the Conductor 
of the Monthly Magazine, for abolish- 
ing war, and promoting universal peace 
among nations. We are delighted to 
see it signed by the following illustrious 
names : 

De LA RocHEFOUCAULT-LIANCOURT 
(leDuc), president—DEGERAND (le Ba- 
ron), cul-de-sac Férou, No. 7.—DELA- 
CROIX, rue du Mail, No. 13.—Gorpp, (JJ.) 
rue Sainte-Croix de-la-Bretonnerfe, No. 32. 
—Lagorpe (le Comte de), rue d’Artois, 
No. 28.--LasTEYRIE (le Compte de), rue du 
Bac, No. 58.—SpuRZHEIM, rue Neuve- 
Saint-Augustin, No.3.—STarL-HoLsTEIN 
(le Baron de), rue de Bourbon,. No. 76.— 
STAPFER, rue des Jeuneurs, No. 4.— 
TURCKHEIM (le Baron de), rue d’Anjou, 
faubourg Saint-Honoré, No. 13—WurTz 
(J. G.), rue de Bourbon, No. 17.—W1LLM, 
Secrétaire, boulevard Poissonniére, No. 15. 
—CoQuEREL, Secrétaire- Adjoint, rue 
Hauteville, No.10. Letters and packets 
are to be addressed to the care of Treuttell 
et Wiirt z. 

It appears, from a report lately read 
by M. Thouin, Professor of Culture to 
the Museum of Natural History, at 
Paris, that twenty-four species of live 
plants, collected by M. L. de Latour, 
Naturalist to the King, at Pondicherry, 
and who has been peregrinating, for 
some years over the Continent, and in 
the Indian Archipelago, were transmit- 
ted to the isle of Bourbon in the year 


[Feh. } 


1820. The plants were gathered on the 
mountains of Cottalam, about forty 
miles from Cape Comorin. This natu- 
ralization of foreign plants, projected 
and acted upon by the Marine depart- 
ment, since 1815, is “ for the purpose of 
keeping up an interchange of valuable 
productions between France and her 
colonial possessions in the two Indies.” 

M. Jomard, of the Institute, hasjust 
received a letter from M. Caillaud, da- 
ted the 5th of May, from Assour, a vil- 
Jage about a day’s journey from Chendy, 
in Nubia, in the kingdom of Senaar, 
in which that traveller communicates 
his latest discoveries. At a short dis- 
tance to the south of the confluence of 
the Atbara. the ancient Astaboras, and 
four day’s journey from Barbas, he 
found the ruins of a great town, with a 
temple and forty pyramids still stand- 
ing. and forty others in ruins. The 
basis of the largest of these pyramids 
areabout sixty-two feet, and their height 
seventy-seven, and on one of the sides 
of each is a small temple ornamented 
inside and outside with hieroglyphic 
characters ; two of those temples are 
arched, and the arches are decorated 
with hieroglyphic emblems, and with 
key-stones and ribs like ours. This 
traveller has ascertained that those tem- 
ples are of the same age as the Pyra- 
mids. Anavenue of Sphinxes, in the 
shape of rams, 262 feet long, leads to 
the temple, and the wall which ineloses 
it is 426 feet round. 

SPAIN. 

By the following advertisement in 
the Madrid Universal, of Dec. 30th, it 
appears that the attention of the Spa- 
niards is at length directed tothe Eng- 
lish Jury system. It has long been 
matter of regret, that trial by jury 
formed no part of the Spanish constitu- 
tion; but it may be hoped that the 
translation of this work will serve to 
introduce it. Let us hope, however, 
that it will: not be contaminated and 
nullified, as in England, by packing, 
but that qualified men will be taken in 
rotation, and not selected by an officer 
dependant on the court, as in our spe- 
cial juries. The English book here an- 
nounced has now made the tour of Eu- 
rope, having been translated intoFrench, 
German, Italian, and Spanish: “ De 
los facultades y obligaciones de los ju- 
rados:—obra escrita en Ingles per Sir 
Richard Phillips; traducida en frances 
por M. Compte; puesta en castellano, 
y aumentada con la parte legislativa 
que sobre jurados esta in prdctica en 

Francia 


: 
: 
: 


1822. | 


Francia y en los Estados Unidos de la 
America Septentrional, por Don AN- 
TONIO ORTIZ de Zarate y Herrera. 
No puede menos de interesar mucho la 
publication y lectura de esta importante 
obra, pues que establécide in Espana el 
sistema de jurados, podra contribuir en 
gram manera a facilitar con acierto el 
desempanho de una de los mes nobles 
funciones de cindano; la de juzgar a 
sus iguales.”’ 
ITALY. 

There is in Naples an_ institution 
whose main object is the conversion of 
the Chinese to the Catholic religion. 
The means employed to accomplish 
this object are to bring young Chinese 
from their country (commonly by de- 
ceit or viclence), and having instructed 
them in the usual conventual learning 
—having converted them to the religion 
of Christ, and received their vows not 
to shrink from death in its defence, they 
bind their loins with the red girdle of 
martyrdom, and, as opportunities occur, 
they are sent back to.their own country 
to live or die as the event may deter- 
mine. On the Ist of September, four 
young Chinese were brought to Naples, 
the eldest 24, the youngest 16 years of 
age. They were conducted by the Su- 
perior of the College to the palace at 
Capo di Monte, where they were pre- 
sented to his Majesty, who received 
them with kindness. After they had 
made his Majesty the Ko-sen (a Chi- 
nese reverence only paid to the Empe- 
ror), they conversed with the King, by 
means of an interpreter, nearly three 
quarters of an hour, and his Majesty 
gave them permission to walk where 
they pleased in the gardens of the Pa- 
lace. On the morning of the 16th, in 
the church attached to the college. and 
in the presence of the Prince and his 
family, they resigned their Chinese at- 
tire and assumed the conventual dress. 
They are the sons of Chinese Catholic 
parents, and have been brought thither 
with their own and their parents’ con- 
sent, at the expence of the establish- 
ment. 

RUSSIA. 

M. Kriukof’s description of a sea- 
animal which pursued him at Behring’s 
Island, where he had gone for the pur- 
pose of hunting, is very remarkable. 
Several Aleutians affirm they have often 
seen this animal. It is of the shape of 
the red serpent, and immensely long ; 
the head resembles that of the sea-lion, 
and two disproportionately large eyes 
give it a frightful appearance. “It was 


Literary and Philosophical Intelligence. 61 


very fortunate for us,’ said Kriukof? 
“ that we were so near land, or else the 
mouster would have swallowed us: it 
stretched its head far above the water, 
looked about for prey, and vanished 
The head soon appeared again, and that 
considerably nearer: we rowed with all 
our might, and were very happy to 
have reached the shore before the ser- 
pent. The sea-lions were so terrified at 
the sight, that some rushed into the 
water, and others hid themselves on the 
shore. 
UNITED STATES. 

Dr. LYMAN SPALDING, of New 
York, has transmitted to Europe, a 
memoir on the plant which the bota- 
nists call Seutellaria Tateriflora, but 
the people of the country, Sknll Cap. 
This vegetable, according to the Ame- 
rican Doctor, is am infallible remedy 
for the hydrophobia. It may be taken 
at all times; whether the individual 
has been fresh bitten, or the symptoms 
have already appeared, its efficacy will 
be equally felt. The discovery of this 
specific is traced to 1778. Dr. Lawrence 
Van Der Veer, of New Jersey, made the 
first trials of it on anumber of men and 
animals, and they were ever successful. 
At his death, the discovery became the 
exclusive property of the Lewis family, 
of New York, and by them it was gra- 
dually made public. It came, at length, 
to the knowledge of Dr. Lyman Spald- 
ing, who has been studiously circulating 
it among his fellow citizens. He pro- 
duces positive testimony, confirmed by 
a great number of facts. The number 
of men restored to sanity by the Scu- 
tellaire amounts to 850, and that ofani- 
mals to 1,100. 

A person on reading an article ex- 
tracted from the Westchester Herald, 


‘relative to a toad being found in the 


solid part ofa cedar, called at the office 
and related the following circumstance : 
Seventeen years ago, he (the informant) 
was digging a well at Newburg, and, 
after digging through five feet of earth, 
and blasting through eleven feet of slate 
rock; a living turtle, nearly the size 
and about the thickness of a dollar was 
found. It was very soft, but on expo- 
sure to the air soon became hard, and 
was delivered to John Dewint, Esq. of 
Fishkill, On relating this to a gen- 
tleman, he expressed no surprise, but 
stated. a fact, which he said was well 
authenticated—that a person, who had 
marble jambs to his house, often heard. 
the croaking of a toad, whenever the 
fire became warm, and at length was 

indueed 


62 


induced to take out the piece ; and, on 
breaking it, discovered a living toad, 
closely bedded in the marble !— New 
York paper, 

The newspapers detail the following 
extraordinary disaster: On Nov. E9th, 
1820, in lat. 479 S. long. 118° W. the 
American South Sea whaler, Essex, of 
250 tons, G. Po!lard, master, from Nan- 
tucket, was among whales, and three 
boats were lowered down. Shortly 
after a whale of the largest class struck 
the ship, and knocked part of the false 
keel off just abreast of the main chan- 
nels. The animal then remained for 
some time along-side, endcavouring, but 
in vain, to clasp the ship with her jaws: 
she then returned, went round the 
stern, came on the other side, and went 
away a-head about a quarter of a mile, 
when suddenly turning, she came at 
the ship with tremendous velocity, head 
on. The vessel was going at the rate of 
five knots ; but such was the foree when 
she struck the ship, which was under 
the cat-head, that the vessel had stern- 


Report of Chemistry and Experimental Philosophy. 


[Feb. 1, 


way at the rate of three or four knots ; 
in consequence of which, the sea rush- 
ed into the cabin windows, every man on 
deck was knocked down, and the bows 
being stove completely in, the vessel 
filled, and went on her beamends. By 
cutting away the masts, the vessel right- 
ed; the upper deck was then scuttled ; 
and some water and bread were prv- 
cured for the two boats, in which the 
captain and crew, in expectation of fall- 
ing in with some vessel, remained three 
days by the wreck. One of them, con- 
taining only three men, was picked up 
by an American whaler about sixty days 
after the wreck. The other, in which 
the captain was, was fallen in with 
by another whaler ninety days from the 
time of their leaving the island. Only 
two of her crew then survived, and their 
account of their sufferings was dread- 
fulin the extreme. Eight times lots 
had been drawn, and eight had been 
sacrificed fo afford sustenance to those 
that remained. 


REPORT OF CHEMISTRY AND EXPERIMENTAL PHILOSOPHY. 
~<a 


41. DMUND DAVY, esq. Professor of 
3 Chemistry and Secretary to the 
Royal Cork Institution, has published 
some experiments made with a view to the 
detection and prevention of frauds in the 
sale of skimmed milk; together with an 
account of a simple lactometer for effecting 
that purpose. Skimmed milk, he says, is 
used toa very great extent in Ireland, and 
especially in the South; the sale of skim. 
med milk in the markets of Cork alone, 
amounts to about 1000]. per week. It is 
therefore of much importance, that an 
article which essentially contributes to the 
support of a very large portion of the com- 
munity, should be supplied in a genuine 
unadulterated state. An instrument on 
the principle of the hydrometer, seemed to 
promise the simplest means that could be 
employed for the detection and prevention 
of frauds in the sale of skimmed milk. 
After | had carefully made above one hun- 
dred experiments upon genuine skimmed’ 
milk, procured from many of the principal 
dairy farms, embracing all the varieties of 
eattle, soil, and modes of feeding, common 
to this part of the country ; and also ex- 
amined many specimens of wdulterated 
skimmed milk from the markets, I have at 
length ventured to construct a simple lac- 
tometer (on the well known principle of 
the hydrometer,) the use of which, I have 
no doubt, willeflectually prevent the frauds 
now practised in the sale of skimmed milk. 

The greater number of specimens were 
of the specific gravity 1:037 and 1-0375. 


Some were higher, but the highest was 
1:040, and the lowest 1-036, the thermo- 
meter being at 500. The only foreign sub- 
stance 1 could detect in the adulterated 
specimens, was water. By adding a cer- 
tain quantity of water to genuine skimmed 
milk, it became of the same density as the 
adulterated milks from the markets. By 
simple distillation, the adulterated milks 
furnished pure water, and became of the 
same density as genuine milk. In some 
cases, I found skimmed milk from the mar- 
kets adulterated with more than one-fifth 
of water; in other instances with about 
one-sixth, one-seventh, and one-eighth of 
water. The worst of the adulterated milks 
from the markets was of the specific gra- 
vity 1:026, the highest of the genuine 
milks from the markets, was 1-039, the 
thermometer being at 500. 

It is, I believe, says Mr. Davy, a com- 
mon opinion that skimmed milk is adul- 
terated with other substances besides 
water ; as for example, chalk, flour, starch, 
sugar, &c. which are said to be used for 
the purpose of concealing the water, by 
communicating as circumstances may re- 
quire a certain degree of whiteness, thick- 
ness, or sweetness to milk. I have madea 
number of experiments to ascertain the 
correctness of this notion, and I am con- 
vinced the opinion is not well founded. 
Chalk is perfectly insoluble in skimmed 
milk, and soon subsides when mixed with 
it, on account of its superior density. 
Flour and starch increase the density of 

milk, 


me 


1322. ] 


milk, but this effect is only temporary ; 
for not being soluble, they gradually sub- 
side. The high price of sugar, were there 
no other consideration, precludes its use. 
The lactometer differs but little in form 
from the common hydrometer. Its dis- 
tinction is to be found in its seale, which is 
adapted to skimmed milk. It is made of 
brass, and consists of a pear-shaped bulb, 
at the top of which is a graduated stem, 
and at the bottom a brass wire to the end 
of whicha weight is screwed. The scale 
begins about three-fourths of an inch from 
the bottom of the stem, and is marked 0, 
which corresponds with the specific gravity 
of the lightest genuine skimmed milk, or 
1-035, distilled water being 1:000. The 
dots and figures which extend from 0 to 
39, indicate “ parts of water in 100 paris 
skimmed milk at 60°,” as is engraved on 
the reverse of the stem, and has been as- 
certained by experiment. The instrument 
is constructed for the temperature of 
63° of Fahr., a point judged the most con- 
venient, as it agrees very nearly with the 
temperature of the milk brought to our 
markets during the summer. As all fluids 
expand by heat aud contract by cold, in 
using the lactometer an allowance must be 
made of 1o on the instrument for every 
3° of temperature, that the wilk under 
examination is either above or below 600 of 
Fabr. Thus the lactometer, which would 
remain at 0 in milk of the temperature of 
609, would sink lo below’ 0, if the tem- 
perature of the milk were increased to 
63°; 20 if it were raised to 669, &c. And 
on the contrary, if the temperature of the 
same milk were reduced to 579, the instru- 
ment would then experience a rise above 
0 equalto 1o,&c. This lactometeris made 
by Mr. Bennett, mathematical instrument 
maker, Cork, and sold in a tin case, either 
with or without a small thermometer. It 
is scarcely necessary to give directions 
for using so simple an instrument. All 
that is required, is, to fill the tin case with 
the milk to be examined, immerse the lac- 
tometer in the milk, and observe the point 
at which it remains stationary after it rises. 
Note also the temperature of the milk, and 
if necessary, make the allowance directed 
for expansion or contraction of volume. 

The Prussian Stale Gazette mentions a 
discovery which Dr.SeEBECK had com- 
muunicated to the Academy of Sciences, at 
Berlin, in three different sittings. It was 
* on the magnetic properties iherent in all 
metals and many earths (and not in iron 
alone as was supposed,) according to the 
difference of the deyrees of heat. 

At Pavia, new trials have been made, 
which prove the efficacy of oxygenated 
muriatic acid in subduing the hydropho- 
bia. Dr. Previsali had prescribed it with 
success where the symptoms were ad- 
vasced, in a liquid form, from a drachm 


Report of Chemistry and Experimental Philosophy. 


63 
to a drachm and a half daily, in citron 
water or syrup of citron, 

Mr. CHARLES CAMERON, Glasgow, has 
published in Dr. Brewster’s Journal a de- 
scription of a new method of forming cru- 
cibles. The Dutch have long enjoyed an 
almost exclusive monopoly in ithe manufac- 
ture of the small melting-pot, or clay cru- 
cible, used by the jeweller and silversmith. 
I established a small manufactory of them, 
as follows: for each of the different sizes 
of the crucibles, I formed ten or twelve 
dozen of moulds of stueco, burnt and pow- 
dered in the usual manner. For the first 
mould of each size, [ formed a piece of 
soft pipe clay into the shape of the intend- 
ed crucible, and laid it with its mouth 
downwards on a flat surface, and inclosed 
it with a cylinder of white-iron, distant 
about half an inch from the angular poin.s 
of the crucible, and about an inch and a 
half higher than its bottom: then mixing 
the stucco with water, poured it into the 
cylinder. When the stucco was suffici- 
ently set, | removed the white-iron, picked 
out the clay, and dried the mould: I then 
squeezed sott clay into the mould, which 
on standing a few minutes, easily came out 
again. It was inclosed in the cylinder, 
and stucco poured round it, which formed 
a second mould, continuing to do so until 
I had procured the nuniber wanted. They 
were then all put into a stove, and com- 
pletely dried ready for use. - In the prepa- 
ration of the fire-clay for the crucibles, I 
followed precisely the same process used 
at the potteries, by mixing it with a very 
large quantity of water, and putting the 
whole through a No. 9 silk searce. On 
allowing the whole to stand a few hours, 
the clay subsided, and in pouring off the 
clear water, I procured the clay or slip of 
the consistence of thick cream. On weigh- 
ing a gallon of it, I fuund the proportion of 
clay it contained, and added sand to the 
whole, in the proportion of seven of sand 
to seventeen of clay; I then stirred and 
mixed the whole completely, when it was 
ready for use. I next took my moulds, 
previously dried, and arranged them in 
parallel rows on a table, and successively 
filled them with the prepared slip. By 
the time I had filled four or five dozen, [ 
returned to the one first filled, and began 
alternately to pour the slip out of them, 
leaving a small quantity unpoured out, 
which subsided, and gave the requisite 
thickness to the bottom. In each of the 
moulds so filled, a crucible is completely 
formed by the abstraction of the water of 
the slip, in contact with, and adjoining to, 
the porous substance of the stucco mould. 
The crucible will be either thicker or 
thinner in proportion to the time the slip 
has remained init. Five or six dozen will 
not require more than fifteen minutes in 
being formed. The moulds with their con- 
tents 


61 


tents are then removed to a stove, placed 


on their side and built one above the other. 


In a short time, from the contraction of the 
clay, the crucibles easily part from the 
moulds, and are removed by introducing 
the finger into them. The moulds are al- 
lowed to remain in their situation until the 


British Legislation. 


[Feb. J, 


water they had absorbed is completely 
evaporated, when they are again ready for 
refilling, and will last for years. The 
crucibles remain in the stove until dry, 
after which they are burned in a kiln in 
the usual manner. 


BRITISH LEGISLATION. 


ACTS PASSED in the FIRST YEAR of the REIGN Of GEORGE THE FOURTH, or in 
the SECOND SESSION of the SEVENTH PARLIAMENT of the UNITED KINGDOM. 


AP. LXXXVII. To repeal certain 
Acts, passed in the Thirty-first, 
Thirty-third, Forty-fourth, and Forty- 
Sifth Years of His late Majesty King 
George the Third, for regulating the In- 
portation and Ezportation of Corn, 
Grain, Meal, and Fiour into and from 
Great Britain,and to make further Pro- 
visions in Lieu thereof. 
CAP. LXXXVIII. dn Act for the 
Amendment of the Law of Rescue. 


I. If any Person shall rescue, or aid and , 


assist in rescuing, from the lawful Custody 
of any Constable, Officer, Headborough, 
or other Person whomsoeyer, any Person 
charged with, or suspected of, or commit- 
ted for any Felony, or on Suspicion thereof, 
then if the Person or Persons so offending 
shall be convicted of Felony, aud be enti- 
tled to the Benefit of Clergy, and be liable 
to be imprisoned for any Term not exceed- 
ing One Year, it shall be lawful for the 
Court by or before whom any such Person 
or Person shall be convicted, to order and 
direct, in case it shall think fit, that such 
Person or Persons, instead of being so fined 
and imprisoned as aforesaid, shall be traus- 
ported beyond the Seas for Seven Years, 
or be imprisoned only, or be imprisoned 
and kept to hard Labour in the Common 
Gaol, House of Correction, or Penitentiary 
House, for any Term not less than One, 
and not exceeding Three Years. 

II. Persons assaulting Constables to pre- 
vent the Apprehension or Detainer of Per- 
sons charged with Felony, shall, in addi- 
tion to any other Pains, Penalties, or Pu- 
nishment to which he, she, or they are 
now subject or liable, he kept to hard La- 
bour for any Term not exceeding Two 
Years, and not less than Six Months. 

CAP. LXXXIX. To repeal so much 
of an Act of the Twenty-second Year 
of His Majesty King Charles the Second, 
as resirains the Proprietors of Wharfs 
between London Bridge and the Temple, 
from erecting any Buildings or Enclo- 
sures thereon. 

By the Twenty-second of Charles the 
Second, it was amongst other things enact- 
ed, “that there should be left a continued 
Tract of Ground from London Bridge to 


the Temple, of the Breadth of Forty Foot, 

from the North Side of the River Thames, 

to be converted into a Quay or public and_ 
open Wharf;” but by this most extraordi- 

nary act, this salutary and desirable provi- 

sion has been annulled, tothe great detri- 

ment of the city and its inhabitants. 

CAP. XC. To appoint Commissioners 
for inquiring into the Collection and 
Management of the Revenue in Ireland, 
and the several Establishments connect- 
ed therewith. 

CAP. XCI. To grant certain Bounties 
on the Exportation of Stuffs made of 
Silk mixed with Mohair, and of Stuffs 
made of Mohair mixed with Worsted, 
the Manufacture of Great Britain or 
Ireland. 

CAP. XCII. To authorize the Ex- 
change of Lands, Tenements, or Here- 
ditaments, subject to Trusts for Charita- 
ble Purposes, for other Lands, Tene- 
ments, or Hereditaments. 

CAP. XCUI. For vesting all Estates 
and Property, occupied by or for the 
Naval Service of this Kingdom, in the 
principal Officers and Commissioners of 
His Majesty’s Navy, and for granting 
certain Powers to the said principal 
Officers and Commissioners. 

CAP. XCIV. Toregulate the Impor- 
tation of Rum into the Islands of Jersey, 
Guernsey, Alderney, and Sark. 

CAP. XCV. To continue, until the 
Fifth Day of July, One thousand eight 
hundred and twenty-two, an Act of the 
Fifty-ninth Year of His late Majesty, 
for rendering the growing Produce of 
the Consolidated Fund of the United 
Kingdom, arising in Great Britain, 
available for the Public Service. 

CAP. XCVI. For charging a Duty on 
British Spirits brought into certain 
Parts of the District of Lisburne, in 
Ireland. 5 

CAP. XCVII. To amend several Acts 
relating to the Coasting Trade of Great 
Britain. 

CAP. XCVIII. To enable the Com- 
missioners or Governors ef Greenwich 
Hospital to continue to provide for the 

"Payment 


1822. 


Payment of Out Pensioners of the said 
Hospital. 

CAP. XCIX. For the Appropriation 
of ceriain Proceeds arising: from the 
Capture of Vessels and Cargoes, the 
Property of the Subjects of the Kings 
of Spain, Portugal, and the Netherlands, 
taken and seized tn Violation of the 
Conventions made with those Siates,and 


Literary and Critical Proemium; 


65 
Jor Granting Bounties upon Slaves cap- 
tured in such Vessels, and alse for grants 
ing Indemnity to the Captors of certain 
Vessels taken in the Prasecution of the 
Slave Trade. 

CAP. C. For regulating the Exporta- 


_ tion of Hops to Foreign Parts, and ai- 


lowing a Drawhack of the Excise Duty 
paid thereon. 


NEW BOOKS PUBLISHED IN JANUARY, 


With an Historicat and Critica, Proemium. 
——= 
Authors or Publishers, desirous of seeing an early notice of their Works, aré 
requested to transixil copies before the USth of the Month. 
<= 


HE late appearance of the Pirate at 
: the close of the last mouth, precluded 
us from presenting our readers with au ear- 
fier account of its contents. Very opposite 
opinions have been expressed upon its me- 
rits ; but few, we apprehend, wiil coincide 
with some very fastidious critics, whe, we 
are credibly informed, have returned it as 
unreadable, upon their booksellers’ hands. 
Flatness and stupidity, at all events, are 
never the faults of this writer. After the 
vast field which he has already traversed, 
if would not be surprising if he betrayed 
some symptoms of exhaustion ; and we are 
not disposed to deny that there exist in this 
work certain resemblances and repetitions 
of characters and events. But over all these 
there is thrown an air of originality which 
amply redeems the novelist fromthe charge 
of copying even from himself; and these 
volumes, in our judgment, although not 
eqnal to the best of his former works, suf- 
ficiently susiain the high reputation he en- 
joys. Thescene of action is laid in the 
Zetland aud Orkney isles, whose wild 
scenery affords occasion for much grand 
aud picturesque description ; andacurious 
and minute portrait is drawn of the primi- 
tive manners of their inhabitants, finished 
with all the effect which the keen observa. 
tion and antiquarian knowiedge of the au- 
thor so well enable him to give. The ro- 
mantic superstitions of the North a-e 
brought into full play, and finely developed 
in the character of Norna, theReim-kesuar, 
or Prophetess, from whose supernatural 
pretensions every advantage is drawn, 
without passing the bounds of probability. 
tn this particular, the author has shewn 
great skill, as well as in the conduct of his 
fable, which is wound up with more than 
his usual judgment and dexterity. The in- 
terest of the story increases as it advances, 
and the last volume is decidedly the best. 
The two fair sisters, Minna and Brerda, 
are beautiful creations, imagined with the 
utmost clearness and delicacy; and the 

Montuty Maa, No, 364. 


sisterly intercourse between them, and the 
fluctuation of their feclings, are described 
with a degree of tenderness and truth which 
would have doue no discredit to Richard- 
son. Out of no very promising materials, 
a fascinating romancé bas been construct- 
ed; andoverwhelmed as we are, by these 
multiplied re-productions of fancy, it would 
be quite vain to conjecture what will be 
the termination of this author’s singular 
and unexampled career. We have now no ° 
hesitation in ascribing the whole to the pro- 
lifie pen of Sir WALTER Scotr. , 

We have read De Renzey, or the Man 
of Sorrcw, with more satisfaction than 
usually attends the perusal of works of 
this class, and may assign it a respect- 
able place on the shelf of the circulating 
library. The scene is laid principaily in 
Ireland, during the late rebellion, and 
some of the persons and occurrences cou- 
nected with that period are brought for- 
ward with cleverness and spirit. “The sor- 
row of the hero arisés from the loss of his 
wife, from whom he is separated by cir- 
cumstances which fix upon her conduct 
the appearance of an elopement, and the 
grief occasioned by this mistake, throws 
her into adecline. There is not much in- 
terest worked out of this; and the best 
parts of the novel must be looked for in 
the detail of the disturbances befoie al- 
luded to. 

The Tour of Africa, by CATHERINE 
HuTTOoN, is constructed on an agreeable 
and ingenious idea, which has been car- 
ried into effect with great industry, talent 
and judgment. In the person of a single 
tourist, the writer has embodied the vari- 
ous travels and narrations relating to the 
different parts of Africa, and has thus 
formed a consistent and authentic whole, 
which comprehends the information for- 
merly scattered over many various volumes. 
Theselections haye been made fromthe best 
authors, and afford a coucise account of 
all the countries in that quarter of the globe 

hitherto 


66 


hitherto visited by Europeans. To per- 
sons who are desirous of informing them- 
selves on this subject, the three volumes 
will be valuable, as presenting, in a con- 
densed form those materials, the collection 
of which must have been attended with 
considerable expence and labour. 

The Memoirs of James Earl Walde- 
grave, from 1754 to 1758, have been printed 
in a quarto yolume, from his own MS. ra- 
ther, we presume, because written by him, 
than from their worth or interest. They 
consist, in truth, of some. cautiously-word- 
ed observations relative to the noodles and 
doodles of the court of that day, which, if 
ever they possessed any interest, have none 
now. Nor is there any thing in the form 
of anecdote or secret history, to compensate 
Tor the general dulness of the narrative. 
In quantity also, the book is as defective 
as in quality, the whole forming materials 
only for a half-crown pamphlet, or for an 
article fora Magazine, though expanded 
toa costly quarto. The last paragraph in 
the volume, perhaps its best, as the result 
of astatesman’s experience, merits the at- 
tention of our readers : 

“ T have now finished my relation of all the mi- 
terial transactions wherein I was immediately con- 
cerned; and though I can never forget my obliga- 
tions to the kindest of masters, I have been too long 
behind the scenes, L have had too nea1 a view of the 
machinery of a court, to envy any man either the 
p wer of a minister, er the favour of princes. The 
constant anxiety, and frequent mortifications, which 
accompany ininisterial employments, are tclerably 
well understood; but the world is totaliy unae- 
quainted with the situation of those whom fortune 
has.s2lected to be the constant attendants and com- 
panions of Royalty, who partake of its domestic 
amusements, and social happiness. But. I must 
not lift up the veil; and shall only add, thatnoman 
ean havea clear conception how great personages 
pass their leisure hours, who has not been a prince’s 
governor, or a King’s favourite.” 

It is with pleasure we notice the publi- 
cation of Hlements of Political Economy, 
by JAMES MILL, esq. author of the History 
of British India. Ye intimate knowledge 
which th’s gentleman possesses upon all 
subjects connected with this abstruse and 
difficult science, renders a work of this 
kind peculiarly eeceptable to the public. 
The present volume is intended by the 
author to be a school-book of political 
economy, and it has consequently been 
divested as much as possible froin all ex- 
traneous topics, which might teud to dis- 
tract the atteation, or to confuse the ideas 
ofthe reader. It consists, in feet, of no- 
thing more than a logical statement of 
such propositions, as in the author’s opi- 
pion form the basis of the science; and to 
each proposition its own particular de- 
monstration is subjoined. It is not, how- 
éver, a work which can be slightly perused 
=—not a few of the positions contained 
in it, requiring from the brevity of the 
manner in which they are stated, a consi- 
derable exertion of patient thoueht. We 


Literary and Critical Proemtun. 


[I'eb. 1, 


believe, however, we may assent to Mr- 
Mill’s assertion, that to understand it re- 
quires only ‘such a degree of attention 
as persons of either sex of ordinary un- 
derstandings are capable of bestowing.” 
The popularity of the novels and tales 
of the “¢ Author of Waverley,” has natu- 


rally excited an emulation in artists and 


publishers to illustrate aud embellish them, 
and the pencil and the graver have been 
tasked to delineate the scenes and charac- 
ters recorded in these favourite works. The 
talents of WESTALL, STOTHARD, ALLAN, 
and LesLie have been put in requisition to 
illustrate different portions of the series, 
yet without adding to their established 
repniation, or satisfying the expectations 
of the pnblic. But the series of portraits 
of historical characters, introduced into the 
works, possesses intrinsic and permane nt 
interest; comprising, as it does, many of 
the most distinguished and remarkable 
personages in English and Scottish history. 
Indeed, we hardly recollect any work of 
similar extent which embraces such a va- 
riety of striking and picturesque heads of 
different sexes, characters and ages, and 
in every variety of costume; yet con- 
nected by one train of associations and one 
common interest. The biographical no- 
tices which accompany the portraits are 
written with great neatness and imparti- 
ality, and the work may rank altogether 
among the most tasteful and elegant pro- 
ductious of the present day. 

The author of the Panorama of Youth, 
has appeared again before the public with 
a work weil adapted to the juvenile class 
of readers, under the title of The Life of 
a Boy, in two thick volumes in octavo. 
The incidents of the story are simple, but 
sufficiently varied to support the necessary 
degree of interest, and the instructive 
portion of the work, which is by no means 
the least, isso mixed up with the lighter 
parts, as to give to the whole a pleasing and 
entertaining character. It is written in a 
clear and easy style ; and we can safely 
recommend it as affording a very suitable 
and unexceptionable addition to the youth- 
ful library. 

Scripture Antiquities, or a compendious 
summary of the Religious Institutions, 
Cusioms, and Manners of the Hebrew 
Nation, by the Rev. Joun JONES, exhibits 
a strange compound of good seuse and 
deep research with a perfect knowledge of 
the subject on the one hand, and on the 
other, of ridiculous explanations of mere 
Jewish rites and customs into typical em- 
blems of our Saviour and his doctrines. 
Considering the talent and judgment which 
he displays in the descriptive part of his 
work, we feel surprized that he should 
have suffered himself to suppose that the 
cereniony of the scape-goat, (ascommanded 

Leviticus, 


822. 


822 ] 


Leviticus, chap. xvi.) at the feast of atone- 
ment is “ a typical emblem of the death of 
our Saviour for our sins, and his resurrec- 
tion for our justification.” The sabbatical 
orevery seventh year (which among tie 
Jews was observed throughout by the same 
ordinances as the sabbath day in other 
years) is said to be “ an emblem or type 
of that spiritual rest which Jesus Christ 
has promised to all who will come unto 
him.” We certainly need not caution 
such of our readers as may peruse this 
book, to obtain a clear and concise accouiit 
of Hebrew rites and ceremonies, from 
placing much confidence in the “ emblema- 
tic” opinions of our author, which are so 
truly forced and improbable, that no one 
possessed of an ordiuary portion of com- 
mon sense can for an instant entertain the 
slightest belief in their truth. There are 
several tolerable wood-cuts, which we be- 
lieve are copied from “ Calmet’s ay 
ments.” 

A very pleasing account of the peculiar 
manners and customs of the Turkish nation 
will be found in six neat volumes of The 
World in Miniature; appropriated to the 
description of that country. This work is 
divested of all cumbrous details, and pre- 
sents, in a compendious form, the distin- 
guishing features of the Ottoman empire, 
which are exhibited ina striking and pic- 
turesque point of view. The distribution 
of the subject embraces a short history of 
the successive sultans; a description of 
the court, and the interior of the seraglio ; 
of the government, and the different 
officers, civil and military ; the ceremonies 
of the Mahomedan religion aud laws ; and 

finally the costumes, arts, trades and other 
particulars. These topics are illustrated 
and embellished hy a profusion of coloured 
plates, conveying a characteristic and 
lively idea of the people they pourtray. 
This publication is in every respect well 
executed, and appears in so agreeable and 
ornamental a shape, that it cannot fil to 
prove acceptable, especially to the younger 
class of readers. 

The couversion of the daughters of Mr. 
Loveday, in Paris, to the Catholic faith, 
whilst under the tuition of a French gover- 
ness, has made a considerable impression 
both here and abroad; not occasioned so 
much by the change of oue religious belief 
for another, as by the unfair and treach- 
erous means resorted to, and the difficulty 
thrown by the Freuch authorities in the 
way of redress. One fiction made use of to 
influence the imaginations of the young 
devotees was, The Legend of the Miracu- 
fous Host, the force of which may now be 
generally appreciated, it having been 
translated into English, and published by 
Mr. Hone, with several marvellously ex- 
pressive wood cuts from the hand of Ar. 


Critical Netices of Books of the Month. 


67 


Cruickshank, It is a very reverend legend 
and speaks abundantly for itself. Within 
the walls of a convent, and.covered with 
the dust of five hundred years, it no doubt 
produced great eifects; but in its modern- 
ized dress, we fear that a protestant nation 
will think of it with scorn. Appended to 
the priucipal subject is an extract from the 
works of Father Pinamonti, a Jesuit, con- 


taining a most elaborate and highly finish- 


ed picture of the infernal regions, coloured 
with a vividness beyond which not even 
methodism itself can go. Viewing this 
pamphlet as a means of exposing silly su- 
perstition, avd repressing that fanaticism 
which is again endeavouring to raise its 
head in France, we think it is seasonably 
applied; and we are persuaded that this 
is its true aim, without any intention on 
the part of the pubjisher to bring unmerit- 
ed odium upon any sect or country. 

The Weald of Sussex, by Miss E. 
HITCHENER, is a production replete with 
descriptive and ethic passages of beau- 
ty. Though it may be more particu- 
larly pleasing to those intimately acquaint- 
ed with the highly picturesque landscape 
which forms its ostensible subject, its at- 
tractions are by no means confined to these 


_inspired by a mere local interest. 


To those who are familiar with that sin- 
gularly happy and facetious production, 
“The Pleader’s Guide,” an attempt to suc- 
ceed in the same style. of writing must ap- 
pear toargue more boldness than prudence 
in the author. “ A Gentleman of Gray’s 
Inn,” however, has not been deterred by 
these considerations from offering to the 
public Zhe Conreyancer’s Guide, a Poem, 
in two books, describing Estates as they 
relate to Conveyances, and Conveyancesas 
they relate to Estates. . To assert that this 
jeu d’esprit is a complete failure, would 
be passing too severe a judgment, but cer- 
tainly it displays no superabuncance of 
wit. It requires something more than 
versifying a canto of legal rules and max- 
ims, to make a perfcrmance of this kind 
amusing. The keen perception of humour 
which Anstey possessed pervades his 
whole work, but in the present volume it 
is difficult to find any traces of such a qua- 
lity. The preface, which is a sort of play- 
ful extenuaticn of the author's aitempt, is 
better executed than the work itself. The 
notes, though they may possibly prove of 
some utility to the unfledged lawyer, are, 
for the most part, sufficiently dull. 

There is no complaint more frequent 
amongst the writers of America, than the 
injustice and incorrectness which our 
English travellers have displuyed inthe de- 
lineations of their manners and institutions. 
This is not, indeed, altogether an imaginary 
grievance, "and it was, therefore, with great 
pleasure that we perused a lees bal phar’ 

able 


68 
able work, entitled Views of Society and 
Manners in America, in a series of Let- 
ters from that Country to a Friend in 
England, during the years 1818, 1819, and 
1826, by Mrs. Wricgut. There is great 
ability, and so much acute observation in 
these letters, that we have submitted cop- 
ous extracts from them in the Number of 
the Supplement published, and we trust deli- 
vered by the booksellerswiih this Magazine. 
The Carnival of Death, a Poem, by 
THomas BAILEY, is a very astoundiue 
display of the horrors of war, in very indif- 
ferent verse. We may convey the essence 
ofhis style and subject,in a few lines, in 
which he may be said to hit the nail on the 
head, and a hard blow into the bargain. 
Let our readers judge. 
Soldieis plunderine, 
Cannon thundering, 
Dying groaning, 
Wounded moaning, 
Build mgs erashing, 
Armour clashing, 
Waggons rattleing, 
Horsemen batileing ; 
Helmets ringing with the blows 
Which the ponderous sword bestows ; 
Pris’ners, on their knees, eulreating ; 
Trumpets sounding, drums loud beatin; ; 
Victors shouting, staying, swearing, 
Eagles wresting, standards tearing ; 
Show’rs ol shot; grenados, shells; 
Dismalshrieks, terrili¢ yells ; 
Falling roofs, 
Noise of hools— 
Combat, din, 
Without, within, 
All was mingled horror, fear, _ 
Madness, suffering, rage, despair. 4 
There are many savoury ingredients in 
this mess of horror, but Mr. Bailey does 
not possess theart of mixing them with suc- 
cess. The meal is good, but he is a bad 
cook. He deals largely in the trade of 
slaughter, and learns from experience, that, 
as he expresses it, 

“* The great and brave . 
Take no more killi-g than a slave.” ’ 
The object of the writer seems to be to 
promote pacific and good principles, but 
we apprehend he will not effect this by in- 
diting such productions as the volume be- 
fore us. The truth is, that he bas travelled 
out of his province on this occasion, and 
assumed a subject with which he cannot 
grapple. Itis too high for him; and we 
recommend him to confine himself to those 
milder and simpler themes on which he has 

been, and will be, much more successful. 
The Scottish Orphans, by Mrs. Buack- 
FORD, the author of The Eskdale Herd- 
boy, professes to be a moral tale, founded 
on an historical fact, and calculated to 
improve the minds of young people. This 
advertisement seems to us to be in all 
points correct, and we can with justice add, 
that the perusal of its simple pages has 
afforded us considerable pleasure. The 
orphans were deprived of their parents, 
during one of the rebellions of the last 
eentury, in favour of the Stuart family, and 


Critical Notices of Books of the Month. 


[Feb. J 
were committed to the hands of a humble 
dependent, to be brought up in privacy. 
Their re-establis:ment in the rank and 
fortunes of their family, forms the inter- 
est of the story, which is left unfinished 
in the present volume; but the favourable 
opiuion of the public on the merits of her 
useful task, will, we hope, induce the 
author to complete it speedily. 

The outery against Lord Byron for blas- 
phemy, grows long and loud, and is car- 
sied by bigotry or hypocrisy to a length 
which must disgust every moderate and 
impartial mind. Amongst the rest, we 
observe a Remonstrance, addressed to Mr. 
John Murray, respe ting a recent publica- 
tion, by OXONIENSIS, in which that pub- 
lisher is threatened with an information by 
theAttorney-General,and with the loss ofhis 
business, for daring to scandalize the pious 
by the publication of Cain. From another 
quarter, we are given to understand that 
a very high personage has condemned that 
poem to have no second edition, and has 
expressed his surprize that the Edinburgh 
and Quarterly Reviews have not singled 
out Lord Byron, and fulminated their 
anathemas against his immorality and im- 
piety. After this intimation, we shail 
scarcely be surprized at the appearance of 
an Index Expurgatorius issued under the 
sanction of this same high authority, in 
which we may reasonably expect to find 
the perusal of the Paradise Lost inhibited, 
lest the minds of his Majesty’s religious 
subjects should be perverted by the so- 
phistries of so ablea diailectician as Satan. 
If the mysteries of Lord Byron are to be 
discountenanced, it must be by the salu- 
tary operation of public opinicn, and not 
by the exertion of aibitrary authority. 

A little work has just been put into our 
hands, which promises to be of consider- 
able utility to Loudou and country medical! 
practitioners, whese time is so occupied 
by business, or whose education has been 
so limited as to preclude an acquaintance 
with the chemical decompositions which 
so frequently take place in the preparation 
of prescriptions. It is entitled the Hpi- 
tome of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, by 
Rees Price, M.D. In this work there is 
an alphabetical arrangement of the prin- 
cipal articles in the pharmacopceias on the 
left side of the page; and on the right is 
an enumeration (with cccasional perti- 
nent observations,) of those substances. 

—>— 


ANTIQUITIES. 

A Description of the Antiquities and other 
Curiosities of Rome; by the Rev. Edward 
Burton, M.A. 8vo. lds. 

Tamblichus ; or, the Mysteries of the Egyp- 
tians, Chaldeans, and Assyrians ; by Thos. 
Taylor, 8vo. 16s. 

ARCHITECTURE. 

No. 1. Vol. UH. Specimens of Gothic Ar- 

chitecture, 


1822.] 


chitecture, selected from various ancient edi- 
ficesin England, 4to. 11. 1s. 

An Address read before the Society of 
Architects and Antiquaries of London, at the 
first meeting of their third session; by J. 
Button, F.S.A. Secretary. 

? ASTRONOMY. 

A Celes i 1 Alas; by R. Jamieson, A.M. 

royil 4to. il. 5s. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY. 

Hatehard and Son’s General Catalogue of 
Modern Books. 

J. Cutheli’s Catalogue of Second-hand 
Books. 

_ Part If. of Longman and Co.’s Catalogue 
of Oid Books, for 1822. price 2s. 6d. 
BIOGRAPHY. 

The Annual Biography and Obituary for 
the year 1822: containing Memoirs of Cele- 
brated Men who have died in 1520-21, 8vo. 
lds, bds. 

Part V. of Lives of Eminent Scotsmen, 
ISmo, 2s. 6d. 

BOTANY, 

No, §4, of the Botanical Register, com- 
pleting the seventh volume of this superd 
work, containing nearly 100 plates, coloured 
alter Nature ; by Sydenham Edwards, F.L.S. 
21. 9s. each volume. 

No. 25, of Geraniacee; or, Natural 
Order of Geraniums, completing the first 
yo'une, containing 100 coloured specimens ; 
by Robert Sweet, 3]. 16s. 

Phe Botanical Cultivator; or, a Practical 
Treatise on Propagating, Rearing, and Pre- 
serving all descriptions of Plants, a!phabe- 
tically arvanged ; by Robert Sweet, F.L.S. 

Treatise on Bulbous Roots, with Direc- 
tions for their Culiivation; by the Hon. and 
Rev. W. Herbert, 8vo. 5s. 

Hortus Suburbanus Loadinensis ; or, a Ca- 
talogue of Plants cultivated in the neigh- 
bourhood of London: arranged according to 
the Linnean System, 8vo. 1%s. 

Rosarum Monographia; or, a Botanical 
History of Roses, with an Appendix for the 
use of Cultivators; by Joln Lindley, esq. 
F.L.S. 8vo. 21s. 

A Natural Arrangement of British Plants ; 
by S. F. Gray, 2 vols. 8vo. 21. 2s. - 

EDUCATION. 

The Orphans of Normandy; by Mrs. 
Sherwood, with three engravings, 12mo. 
3s. 6d.b!s. 

Six Tales, Moral and Religious, translated 
and altered from the French of Madame 
Genlis, small 8vo. 

The English Mother’s First Catechism for 
her Children, containing those things most 
necessary to be known at an early age, illus- 
trated by 100 engravings; by the Rev. J. 
Clark, price 6d. R 

Faraier Watson and his Man Harry ; or, 
Hints to Parents. 6d. 

Barnabus Hill; or, the Cottage on the 
Shore; by the Author of the Litthe Manu- 
facturer, 

Stories after Natore, f. c. Svo. 


Lisi of New Publications in January. 


69 


FINE ARTS. 

Part IV. of a Series of Views in Savoy, 
Switzerland, and on the Rhine; by Jobn 
Dennis, engraved in Mezzotinto, and accom- 
panied with descriptive letter-press. 16s. 
proofs 24s. 

No. 7, of Views in Paris and ils Environs ; 
hy Frederick Nash. 16s. 

A View of the Inside of Westminster 


“Abbey, with the Ceremony of the Corona- 


tion ; engraved by C. Turner, from a picture 
by Frederick Nash. 11. 1s. 

Part XI. and XII. of Portraits of the 
British Poets, containing 12 portraits, Svo. 
14s. 4to. 18s. proofs on India paper, 28s. 

GEOGRAPHY. 

Letters from the Ilinois: written in 1820- 
21; by Richard Flower: with a Letter from 
M. Birkbeck. 8yo. 2s. 

The first volume of Hindoostan : contain- 
inga description of the Religion, Manners, 
Customs, Trades, Arts, Sciences, Literature, 
Diversions, &c. &c. of the Hindoos; with {7 
coloured engravings. price 8s. 

GEOLOGY. 

A Comparative View of the Mineral and 
Mosaical Geology; by Granville Penn, esq. 
8vo. 

MEDICINE. 

Physiological Lectures, addressed to the 
College of Surgeons: by John Abernethy, 
F.R.S. &c. 8vo. 18s. bds. 

Essays on Sergery and Midwifery, with 
Practical Observatious and Seiect Cases; by 
James Barlow, surgeon. 12s. bds. 

MISCELLANIES. 

No. 7 of Museum Criticeum; or, Cam- 
bridge Classical Researches, 8vo. 5s. 

Rivington’s Annual Register, commencing 
with his present Majesty’s reign; or, a View 
of the History, Politics and Literature for 
1820, Svo. 18s. 

A Remonstrence addressed to Mr. John 
Murray, respecting a recent publication. 1s. 

The English Perfumer, Snuf! Manufac- 
turer, and Colourman’s Guide ; “being a col- 
lection of Choice Receipts and Observations, 
proved in the Practice of 30 Years in the 
above trades ; by the late Charles Lillie, revised 
and improved ihroughout, by C. Mackenzie. 
price 10s. 6d. 

NATORAL HISTORY. : 

A Monograph on the Genus Camellia, by 
Samuel Curtis, F.L.S. illustrated by five 
plates, exhibiting eleven varieties of the Ca- 
mellia, drawn from Nature; by Clara M. 
Pope, folio. 81. 3s. plain, 61. 16s. 6d. col. 

NOVELS. 

The Sybil’s Warning; by Edward Bail, 
esq. 2 vols, 12mo. 12s. 

The Festival of Mora: an Historicel Ro- 
mance; by Louisa Sydney Stanhope, 4 vols. 
12mo. II. 4s. bds. 

Agnes; or, the Triumph of Principle. 6s. 
boards. 

PHILOLOGY, 


A Grammar of the Sanserit Language, ou 
a New 


70 


a New Plan; by the Rev. W. Yates, 8vo, 
21. 10s, bds. 

Harmonical Grammar of the principal An 
tient and Modern Languages; bythe Rev. F. 
Nolan. 2vols, 11. 5s. 

NATURAL PHILOSOPHY. 

A New System of Natural Philosophy on 
the principle of Perpetual Motion: with a 
variety of other useful discoveries ; by W. 
Martin, of Walls End, Northumberiand, 8vo. 
5s. 

POETRY. 

The Pleasures of Fancy : 
parts, 8vo. 4s. 6d. 

The Pleasures of Conversation: a Poem ; 
by W. Cooke, esq. ds. 6d. * 

Idle Hours: a Collection of Poems; by 
W.H. Armstrong; 12mo. 6s. 

Selim: a Turkish Tale, in three Cantos ; 
by G. Fitzgerald. 

Drunken Barnaby’s Four Journeys: to 
which are added, the Ballad of Bessey Bell 
and Chevy Chase, in Latin and English 
Verse. Reprinted from the best edition 
1773, f. cap 8vo, with four new designs; by 
Deighton. 

POLITICS AND POLITICAL ECONOMY, 

A Narrative of the Political and Military 
events which took place at Naples in 1820- 
21; with observations explanatory of the 
national conduct in general, and of his own 
in particular; by Gen. William Pepe, Svo. 
6s. bis. 

The Private and Confidential Correspon- 
dence of Charles Talbot, Duke of Shrews- 
bury, principal Minister to King William for 
a considerable period of his reign; by the 
Rev. Archdeacon Coxe, with a portrait, 4to. 
31. 3s. bds, 

The Speeches of the Right Hon. Henry 
Grattan in the Irish and in the Imperial Par- 
liament, 4 vols. 8vo. 21. 8s. 

A Practical Scheme for the reduction of 
the Public Debt and Taxation, without indi- 
vidual sacrifice; by Jonathan Wilks, 8vo. 
As. 6d. 

A Short Letter to the Earl of Liverpool, on 
an Amelioration of the Taxes; by a Whig of 
the Old School. 1s. 

The Speeches of Sir Samuel Romilly in the 
House of Commons, with a Memoir of his 
Life; by William Peter, esq. with a portrait, 
2 vols, 8vo. 26s. 

Remarks upon Prison Discipline, &e. &c. 
in a Letter addressed to the Lord Lieutenant 
and Magistrates of the County of Essex; by 
C. C. Western, esq. M.P. 2s. 

Letters of Junius, with Preliminary Dis- 
sertations, and Copious Notes; by Atticus 
Secundus, with portraits and vignette, 24mo. 
price 6s. 


a Poem, in two 


THEOLOGY. 

A Letter to Edward Copleston, D.D, occa- 
sioned by his Inquiry into the Doctrines of 
Necessity and Predestiuation. 1s. 6d. 

Suggestions on Clerical Elocution; by 
John Lettice, D.D. &c. 12mo. 3s. 6d. 

A Summary of Christian Faith and Prac- 


List of New Publications in January. 


[Feb. 1. 


tice, confirmed by references to the text of 
the Holy Scriptures, compared with the Li- 
turgy, Articles and Homilies of the Church 
of England; and illustrated with extracts 
from the chief of those works which received 
the sanction of public authority, from the 
time of the Reformation to the final revision 
er the Established Formularies ; ‘by the Rev. 

. J. Burrow, D.D. &c. 3 vols. 12mo. 18s. 

ar re Sermons on. the Evidences of 
Christianity, as they were stated and en- 
forced in the discourses of our Lord; deli- 
vered before the University of Cambridge, in 
the Spring and Autumnof 1821; by James 
Clarke Franks, M.A. Chaplain of Trinity 
College, 8vo. 12s. 

Six Discourses preached before the Uni- 
versity of Oxford; by Thomas Linwood 
Strong, B. D. of Oriel College, Oxford, 8vo. 
6s 


The Village Preacher: a collection of 
short plain Sermons; partly original, and 
partly collected, and adapted to village in- 
struction: by a Clergyman of the Church of 
England, Vol. II. 12mo. ds. 

Christian Temper; or, a View of the 
blessed change gradually wrought in the 
Natural Disposition of Man, by the admis- 
sion of Christian Principles into his Under- 
standing and Life. Is. 6d. , 

Treatise on Opposites, their Nature, 
Origin, and Uses, as affecting both the Na- © 
tural and Spiritual Life of Man. 2s. 6d. 

The Divine Person and Character of Jesus 
Christ Defended, in opposition to the Unita- 
rian or Socinian doctrine, being proved from 
the Prophecies in the Old Testament and 
their accomplishment in the New. 6d. 

A Treatise on the Covenant of Works; by 
John Colquhoun, D.D. 4s. 6d. bds. 

Vol. I. of the Preacher; or, Sketches of 
Sermons, chiefly selected from the MSS. of 
two Eminent Divines of the last century, for 
the use of Lay Preachers and Young Minis- 
ters, to which is prefixed a Familiar Essay 
on the Composition of a Sermon, 12mo. 4s. 

Howe’s Works, Vol. VIII. royal, 16s. 
demy, 12s. 

The Widow’s Narrative, comprising Re- 
marks on the Conduct of Humble Life, crown 
8vo. ds. 6d. 

Grounds of Hope for the Salvation of all 
Dying in Infancy, an Essay ; by the Rev. 
W. Harris, 8vo. 4s. 6d, 

The Evangelicil Rambler, No. I. &c. 
To be continued Monthly. 

An Investigation of the Doctrine of Water 
Baptism; by T. L. P. 2s 6d. 

TOPOGRAPHY. 


Part 7. of a General History of the County 
of York ; by Thos. D, Whitaker, L.L.D. &e. 
folio. 21. 2s. 

A Geographical, Historical, and Topogra- 
phical description of Van Diemen’s Land : 
with important Hints to Emigrants, and 
directions how to apply for Grants of Land, 
previous to w aving England, &c. witha View 

. 0 


» 


1822. | 


of Hobart Town; by G. W. Evans, surveyor 
general of the Colony. 
VOYAGES AND TRAVELS. 

Part V. Vol. VI. of Modern Voyages and 
Travels ; containing a Journey over-land from 
ihe Coast of Haiman to Canton, in China. 
price 3s. 6d. sewed, 4s. boards, 
~ Sketches taken during Ten Voyages to 
Africa, between the years 1786 and 1800: 
including Observations on the Country be- 
tween Palmas and the River Congo, and 
Remarks on the Physical and Moral Cha- 


New. Music and Drama. 


71 


racter of the Tthabitants, «&e.; by Capt. 
John Adams, 8vo. 7s. 6d. 

A Visit to North America, and the En- 
glish Settlements in Illinois ; with a Winter 
Residence in Philadelphia, solely to ascer- 
tain the actual prospects of the Emigrating 
Agriculturist, Mechanic and Speculator ; by 
Adlard Welby, esq. 8vo. 10s. 6d. bds. 

A Visit to Vaucluse, Nisme, Orange, 
Pont-du-Gard, Avignon, Marseilles, &e. in 
May, 1821, Svo. 6s. 


NEW MUSIC AND THE DRAMA. 


——<»—— 


Haydws Symphony Letter S. as performed 
at the Philharmonic Concerts. Arrang- 
ed as a Duett for Two Performers on 
one Piano Forte, by }¥. Watts. 6s. 

NHIS symphony commences with 

an Adagio, the subject of which 
constitutes the ground work of the suc- 
ceeding Allegro, iu the same measure. 

In the accelerated portion of this com- 

pound moyemeut, the composer has 

displayed a richness of fancy and inge- 
nuity of modulation calculated both 
tosurprize and delight the ear. Gra- 
dually proceeding from the most power- 
ful forte to the tenderest piano, then as 
gradually rising to new brilliancy and 
accumulated strength, it attaius the in- 
tended climax by means of a diversity 
of effect continually growing or gain- 
ing upon the matihed ear. ‘The suc- 
eeeding Andante, in the allotment of 
the parts of which, Mr. Watts has dis- 

‘played much taste, is both elegantly 

and impressively conceived. The 

minuet, though somewhat long, is vivid 

and striking ; the trio marked by a pe- 

culiarity of style, and the finale un- 
usually bold and animated. The sub- 
ject of the latter movement is success- 
fully distributed in various forms; and 
the coda is so grand and appropriately 
conclusive, as alone to be sufficient to 
point out the great master from whose 
genius it emanated. The whole arrange- 
ment of this piece is honourable to Mr. 

Watts’s taste and skill, and presents an 

heaproying exercise for the finger, and 

a feast for the cultivated amateur. 

Twelve Monferrinus for the Piano Forte, 
composed and dedicated to Signora Bar- 

_ barina Frigerio, of Milan; by Muzio 

Clementi, 5s. - 

These twelve movements, or pieces, 
are named from a dance peculiar to the 
state of Monferrato, and are, of course, 
all in the same tim2, or measure. This 
measure is six quavers ina bar: and 


considering that Mr. Clementi has filled 
twenty-five folio pages with move- 
ments necessarily of the same cast, or 
order, it is no small credit to his ima- 
gination, that he could infuse into theny 
so much variety of character. The 
subjects, or leading passages, of most 
of them, are very pleasingly conceived ; 
and in their conduct, they display the 
science and ingenuity of a skilful mas- 
ter. As practices, they will be found 
useful; and as recreations, more than 
ordinarily gratifying. 

“ Wave thy fair Head,” a Glee for three 
Voices, with an Accompaniment for the 
Piano Forte. Composed by J. M‘Mur- 
die, Mus. Bac. Oxon. 2s. 

This glee forms a three-voiced ballad 
of three verses, the second of whiiclz 
digresses into the relative minor, pro- 
ducing a felicitous relief to the first and 
third. The melody is smooth and flow- 
ing; and though the combination can- 
not boast of any thing like point or re- 
sponse, its fabrication is sound and 
legitimate, and its prevailing effect be- 
yond that of the general harmonization 
of the day. 

“ Sing to Love a Roundelay,” a favourite 
Ballad, sung by Mr Leoni Lee, at the 
New Theatre Royal, Haymarket, in the 
Opera of The Marriage of Figaro, writ- 
ten and composed by J. A. Wade,esq- 
Is. 6d. 

Independently of the novel ideas 
and appropriate character of this air, 
we find in ita degree of ease and grace 
that bespeak talent and considerable 
delicacy of feeling. The passages, 
though happily varied, aresymmetrical, 
and produce a unity of effect that iden- 
tifies the melody, and gives it a dis- 
tinct place in the province of ballad 
beauty. The words (comprized in two 
verses) are passionate and natural, and 
evince Mr. Wade’s possession of mach 
poetical fancy. 

* And 


72 


« And art thow- then; celestial spirit, 
flown?” an Elegy (written by a young 
lady) on the much. lamented death of the 
Princess Charlotte of Wales, composed 
by R.W. Evans. 2s. 

The piety expressed in the words, 
and: the expression intended in the 
music, of this elezy, ave recommenda- 
tions that will not be overlooked by the 
admirers of the character to whose 
memory the composition is dedicated. 
The sentiments of the poctry have evi- 
dently been felt by the composer; and, 
a few lapses in the accent excepted, 
we find the composition worthy of our 
favourable report. 

“Le Carnival de Venise,’ a favourite Air. 
arranged as a Rondo jor the Piano 
Forte, by Augustus Voight. 2s, 6d. 
Mr. Voight has prefaced this pleas- 

ine composition with a very agreeable 
and appropriate introduction. The 
rondo itself is novel and striking in its 
subject, and worked into a piano forte 
exercise, with considerable address. It 
certainly my be practised with much 
advantage to the juvenile finger, and 
cannot be heard but with pleasure. 

That elegant and expressive instru- 
ment, the piano forte, from the period 
of its invention to the present time, 
has been in a constant progress towards 
perfection, but its present high state of 
excellence, owes more, perhaps, to the 
spirit and liberality of the house of 
Clementi, Collard and Co. than to any 
other source. The recent improvement 
this distinguished firm has produced, 
is derived from what they term the 
Bridge of Reverberation. The advan- 
tage of this brédge is, to give the strings 
the effect of being fixed, like those of a 
harp, to the sound-board itself, instead 
of their being checked by their im- 
mediate aitachment to a solid sub- 
stance. By this contrivance, not only 
amore rich and equal flow of vibration 
is produced, but the whistling is ob- 
viated of the large steel strings so com- 
mon in grand piano fortes. This bridge 
also converts those portions of the 
strings lying beyond the original 
bridge, to the. augmentation of the tone 
produced from the main body of the 
instrument, by the Harmonic Swell. Ut 
is but doing justice to distinguished in- 


Medical Report. 


[Feb. 1, 


genuity, to inform our readers, that 
this novel and important improvement 
of the piano forte, was devised and ex- 
ecuted by F. W. Collard. 


DRAMA. 
CovenT GARDEN.—The preceding 


‘month has been auspicious to the inter- 


est of the Covent Garden managers. 
The “vile, Young’s Hamlet, the ex- 
ertions of Listou and Miss Stephens in 
the Comedy of Errors, Miss Hallande’s 
Macheath and Miss Stephens’s Polly, 
over and above all the magie attractions 
of Harlequin and the long renowned 
Mother Bunch, have drawn numerous 
and brilliant audiences. This panto- 
mime is, perhaps, as neat in its changes. 
and asstriking in its scenery, as any 
that has appeared at either house for 
many years. The borders of the sandy 
desert, the castle of polished steel, and 
the domestic representation of Black 
Heath, are particularly imposing, and 
perfectly worthy of entertaining other 
connoisseurs than those of from three to 
four feet high. 

Drury LANeE.—The talents and in- 
defatigable industry of the lessee of 
this theatre, continues to support its re- 
spectability, in spite of the partial 
failure of Giovanni in Ireland (the in- 
tended substitute for a Christmas pan- 
tomime) to make powerful stand against 
the high-strained efforts of the rival 
house. To the rich and spirited acting 
of Ellis‘on and Munden in Secrets 
worth Knowing, and Kean’s truth and 
energy in Richard, Macbeth, Othello 
and Lear, have been added the interest 
of a new original play, in thiee acts, 
called The Pirate, founded on the no- 
vel of that name by Sir Walter Scott. 
Considering the difficulty of compress- 
ing the materials of three volumes into 
as many acts, and the hurry in which 
this piece was prepared for representa- 
tion, we ought, perhaps, to wonder that 
Mr. Dimond, the editor, and that 
Messrs. Rooke, Cook and Wilson, the 
musical composers, acquitted them- 
selves so reputably; and that some of 
the scenes, especially those of the Ex- 
terior of a Castle, the Cabin of the 
Pirate’s Ship, aud the Sea View, are so 
well conceived. 


MEDICAL REPORT. 


REPORT of DISEASES and CASUALTIES occurring in public and private Praetice 
of the Physician who has the care of the Western District of the City Dispensary. 


HYSIOLOGICAL facts, when obviously 
and immediately tending to practical 
good, cannot be too highly appreciated. Of 


this nature, and therefore deserving of every 
encomium, is the discovery recently made by 
M. Magendie respecting the power of mo- 

derate 


1S$22. 


derate blood-letting fn exciting the absorbent 
faculty, and the writer of these papers be- 
lieves that much of the good ascribed to de- 
pletion in a direct manner, is property attri- 
butable to its indirect agency. The subduc- 
tion even of inilammiution is not perhaps so 
simple and straight-forward a process as is 
usually conceived, but is effected, partiy at 
least, by an impulse given to the absorbents, 
and when venesection is had recourse to in 
complaints marked by deficiency of power, 
the principe at present adverted to is most 
decidedly operative. Sydenham was wont 
_to commence his course of therapeutic ope- 
rations by a single bleeding, even in cases of 
chlorosis, and the success of the plan justi- 
fied its adoption ; but then he did not, as is 
too much the case wilh some of our modern 
venesectors, look upon depletion us the alpha 
2nd omega of all remedial powers, but on 
tbe contrary, cousidered it as a mere preli- 
minary and make-way for strengthening 
medicinals: and the father of medicine has 
observed that debilitating measures, however 
occasionally necessary, must be instituted 
with circumspection, and conducted with 
e@are, xevwoees es 70 ery clay wyscul, FPudepces. 
A remarkable case of congestion in tlfe brain, 
connected with nervous weakuess, has just 
fallen under the observation of the writer, in 
which the combined operations of pulling 
down and building up, have been most une- 
- quivoeally useful, and which is here alluded 
to from the circumstance of its having been 
thought by some persons, that to let out blood 
was both to let and shut owt the disorder. If 
. the reporter be. charged with urging the ne- 
cessity of caution in these particulars, with 
“an undue pertinacity, he replies, that his 
frequent allusion to the subject is founded on 
ibe conviction that we are apt either to be 
too fearless, or too fearful of pouring out the 
vital fluid. He should be glad to feel that it 
was in his own power always to fall upon 
the correct medium; but daily experience 
convinces him that to propound dogmatia and 
to practise satisfactorily are very different 
affuirs. 

Within the last few days, another case has 
eecurred, in which the utility of the croton 
oil has been most unquestionably displayed. 
It was a case of obstinate constipation, whick 
threatened serious consequences from its con- 


Agricultural Report, 


73 


tinuance, but which, although it had refused 
to give way before some very drastic eathar- 
tics, almost immediately yielded to two drops 
of the oil in question, made into a small pill 
with crumb of bread. It is the concentration 
as well as the great power of this drug that 
renders it so important an addition to the list 
of medicines, and in cases where deglutition 
is impeded almost to suspension, it may 
be sometimes employed with effect; for as 
remarked in a former paper, merely to rub 
the tongue witha cork moistened by the oil 
is often tv accomplish every purpose. 

Affections of the larynx and trachea, which, 
without much care, are apt to be confounded 
with pulmonary and consumptive maladies, 
are frequent in their occurrence. To the 
pathology of these important parts of organ- 
ization, the attention of systematics has not 
perhaps hither/o been sufficiently given; but 
as metaphysical or abstract, gives way to 
anatomical or stru¢tual nosology, we shall 
find that the deficiency complained of will 
come to be remedied by succeeding observers. 
It was with much satisfaction that the writer 
perused a very interesting little paper on this 
subject, from the elegant pen of Dr. Walker, 
of Huddersfield, in the last number of the 
Medical Repository ; and Dr. Abercrombie 
has recently added to the obligations be had 
already laid the profession under, by euter- 
ing somewhat largely into the discriminating 
marks between real and pseudo consump- 
tion. The papers of Dr. A, are to be found 
in the Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Jour- 
nal—a journal which has from iis commence- 
ment been conspicuous for the excellence of 
its original communications. : 

In an instance of tracheal secretion, the 
result of previous inflammation, but at 
length connected with signal debility, (and 
in which suffocation was menaced by the 
copiousness of discharge from the membrane) 
much benefit has been derived from the in- 
halation of tar-vapour, a medicine which, in 
these cases of mucous secretion, from in- 
duced weakness, may be made use of with 
a prospect of advantage ; but the writer has 
witnessed its injurious tendency when applied 
to consumptive ailment of an inflammatory 
kind and genuine character. 

D. Uwins, M.D. 

Bedford Row, Jan. 20, 1822. 


MONTHLY AGRICULTURAL REPORT. 


Epes report consists merely of the echo 
of former distresses. With respect 
to the routine of Country business, there is 
nothing of novelty or interest to mention. The 
wheats, where they have not been flooded, 
are generally foundto look well; but drawn 
upward as they have been, by a constant se- 
ries of warm and moist weather, without the 
slightest check from frost, the apprehension 
is far from being groundless, that they may 
be exhausted by excessive vegetation, and ul- 
Montuty Maa, No. 364. 


timately be more productive in straw than 
cor. It was supposed last month, from the 
wet and peachy state of a great part of the 
lands, that much of the wheat sowing must 
be postponed till after Christmas; but from 
subsequent accounts, in spite of all difficulties 
it seems, that a finish has been generaily 
made. Talavera (Spanish) wheat is getting 
out of repute; perhaps corn from a warm 
climate, should never be sown in this country 
in the autumn, until it shall have become na- 

re turalized 


74 
turalized to our soil. Sheep, in course, are 
doing badly abroad, with their fleece and loins 
constantly wet, feeding on sodden and half- 
rotted turnips. The mortality among them 
in various counties, and in Scotland, has al- 
ready been considerable ; and unless a speedy 
change in the weather should supervene, a 
general rot, like those in former days, may he 
apprehended; in the mean time, they who 
keep sheep abroad in such circumstances, yet 
possessing the means of feeding them under 
shelter, (and there are many such men) may, 
perhaps, be wise men, tliough certainly sorry 
calculators. But custom and fashion must ever 
govern practices, as wellin sheep husbandry, 
‘as in physic and civinity. A public fortune-teller 
of prime notoriety, who moreover refers to 
the exact fulfilment of his former predictions, 
has lately ventured to prophecy a still farther 
decline in the price of wheat, to the ratio of 
cent per cent. Give the markets time for 
this, and the prediction may be verified; but 
should the old rules of weather-wisdom hold 
their ground, and a warm and moist winter be 
followed by a cold and blighting spring and 
summer, it may be presumed that, neither the 
quantity, nor quality of the future wheat 
crop, will give much sanction to a farther de- 
cline of price, in whatever humour currency 
may find itself. During several weeks past, 
the causes of rain and fog, of the former par- 
ticularly, appears to have been evidently ex- 
hausted ; yet a state of moisture in the atmo- 
sphere has constantly prevailed, and the lands 
have remained in avery wet and poachy state. 
There is at present great hopes of a favour- 
able change. Fine, beavy, dry wheat, short 
in quantity, and muctvin request, is worth 75s. 
‘per quarter; but in general, all kinds of pro- 
duce are necessarily at a declining price, since 
the supply invariably exceeds the demand. 
Perhaps long wool is an exception, being ra- 
ther realy of sale. Manufactures are io a 
far more prosperous state than agriculture, 
and are gradually relieving the lind from a 
part of its superfluous labourers. Great part 
of the lands may be said to be Jarmed by the 
preprietors, through the suppert which they 
have most prudently and hcnourably extended 
to their tenants; but the mere eleemosynary 
plan, perbaps firstdeprecated in these reports, 
seems ubout to be superseded by properly 
adapted contracts. In this respect the Lords 
FirzwiLuiamM and Srarrorp have acted 
wisely and worthily, and the Jatter has given 
public notice that he will in future, be governed 
inthe receipt of hisrents, by the market price 
‘of wheat; a regulation which, if generally 
-adopted, would place agriculture ona so.id 
basis, and throw all the consequences of fluc- 
tuating markets on proprietors, capitalists, 
and consumers; and although it would place 
-the tenant at his ease, yet landlords would 
gain by the advance, when prices required 
an increased income, as much as they 
might nominally lose when prices dimi- 
nished ; and, when of course, the expendi- 
ure their esinblishments would be less. 


Agricultural Report. 


Fat 2s. Sid. 


[Feb. 1, 


Scotland, where gereral inclosure has always 
been free, has suffered less than any of the 
southern parts of the island ; and late accounts 
state that farms are there freely taken at the old 
rents. Thestate of Ireland, naturally a moist 
climate, is most deplorable; a state, in too 
great measure, attributable to the policy and 
national justice of this country, to which, a 
finishing stroke was put by a Pirr adminis- 
tration. The Continent slares with usin the 
miseries of superabundance. Not Chaos, 
but ihe days of Midas are come again! It 
has been a hard-run race between the conti- 
nental cultivators and our own, which should 
have the honour and profit of feeding this 
country, The present are days of indivi- 
dual and partial distress, but of general pros- 
perity. 

The relative situations of the two great 
classes of the community, tke agriculturists 
and the manufacturers, renders the relief of 
the former, in tke principle of higher prices 
a question of great difficulty and delicacy. It 
would be a monstrous policy to endeavour to 
benefit either class of the community, by 
adopting: any measure to raise the price of the 
necessaries of life. Such a policy ought to be 
opposed by all classes. What then is to be 
done for the relief of the agricu'turist? He 
produces a commodity which will feteb only 
a certain price in the market, and it is tke in- 
terest of all, that it should not fetch a higher 
price; but any price is sufficient, if the out- 
goings bear a just proportion to it. In this 
case, then, are the out-guings necessary, and 
ean they be diminished ? They consist of 
RENT, which it is obvious, can be diminished ; 
of Taxes, which can or ought to be di- 
minished ; and the continuance of which, de- 
pends on the pleasure of the legislature 5 of 
the Poor’s-RATES, created by the engross- 
ment of farms, owing to the cupidity of land- 
lords and speculating farmers—and of the 
PRICE OF LABOUR, Which has already been 
reduced to a minimum, insomuch®that many 
industrious labourers depend more on the 
parish than their employers, and which, there- 
fore, admits of no reduction. The remedies, 
consequent!y are Obnoxious: rents must be 
reduced—taxes must be transferred from land 
to the funds, whose annual accounts exceed 
the rental of land, and sma!l farms must be 
restored for the purpose.of diminishing the 
poor-rates, and providing for the over supply 
of labourers, 

Smithfield —Beef 2s. $d. to 4s. 2d.— 
Muttou 2s. 9d. to 4s. 0d.—Lamb 3s. 4d. to 
4s. 8d.— Veal 4s. 9d. to 6s.0d—Pork 3s. 4d. 
to 5s. 0d—Bacon Os. Od. to Us. 0d—Raw 
Wheat 30s. to 75s.— 
Barley 17s.to 30s —Oats 14s. to 28s.—The 
guartern loaf in London 10}d.—Hay 60s. to 
90s. Ud.—Clover do. 72s. to 105s.— Straw 
27s. 6d. to 40s.— Coals in the Pool 34s. 6d. 
to 45s. 6d. ; : 

Middlesex, Jan. 25, 1822. 


MONTHLY 


1822)] ii a5] 
MONTHLY COMMERCIAL REPORT. 


—>——_ 
PRICES of MERCHANDZE. Dec. 27. Jan. 28. 
Cocoa, W. I. common e317 OLA0M to. 4), 10) 50 3.0 0 to 4 OO percwt 
Coffee, Jamaica, ordinary 4 5 0 .. 414 0 eb Uae 5: (0) LO) Udittes 
Coffee, —— shinee Seon 4aOn sear 7a Bie Din Sey wl 2)\0) cdittoy 
—— -, Mocha Or sO 4210” 0) 0 LZ) OO) +22. 18; 102.0) per ‘awt 
Cotton, W. I. common 0-0 8i,.. 0. 0°93 0 0 BF .. 0 O 93 per lb. 
Gee Omer ards slime. WO Oy 1 SO TO OORT: ORO sn Ol ditto: 
Currants t r sk [6 Orwes 5 14.0) 416°0 .. 514 O per ewi. 
Figs, Turkey : oe OE O A 3 lone Lanes e) sae On aitLOL 
Flax, Riga . Gs) (Cs Osee0;) 04,0 58 0 0 .. 0 O O per ton, 
Hemp, Riga Rinne’ 5 S2EuUORAO er. 0). O80 54°50 O44, 0. .0».0 «ditto. 
Hops, new, Pockets DONG haa 40 20 0 .. 4 4 6 per cwt. 
Seeeicar Sussex; dO... 6 100)... Ae 40 2 00 .. 216 O ditto. 
Tron, British, Bars . 815 0°.. 910 O 8.15 0 =... 9 10 + O-perston. 
ae , Pigs % 6 0 0 Sobel | aa waOvk Ovi g oe PF 0)... 0> . dittos 
Oil, nies " 39 JOON ee GC, 0.0 39 Oat Oe. 0) (OMNON Der jar 
---, Galipoli x Gor 0-0" rs 0; 0.10 Gop 0S 0m. 0» 0; 70 per, tons 
Rags 5 . I V8eVO 3.) 0 0 0 I 18) 0 7) O's 0) .0) per-ewt. 
Raisins, bloom or jur,new Pen OF ones 3. O. 316 0 .. 4 0 0 ditto. 
Rice, Patna kind . 5 OOO emeaO)0'<-0 On14 Ol: )0, 16) 0\ ditto: 
——, East India . HOY OeiOmasr 0! 10-<.0 On1Os Giiise, 0012) 07. ditto; 
Silk, China, raw Poe Os ieee 7° 4 TL Ole sleeve: “‘perilib 
——, Bengal, skein oe O> 12526 fina Oy 1S" 1 Or TE SGinroeY OVLIS Ie edittor 
Spices, Cintamon -. . 0 7 3: ~ 0 8 0 OW Cae 0). 18: + Or perdb 
— —,, Cloves . We OF ciel se eOs 0%) .0 Ot One sOl O17 dittos 
—_ , Nutmegs . pO ou see Os 45.8 OLFds 8 0s LOPAdittoL 
~- oy ; Pepper, sblack . 0 0 teenage Or, O80 OPO Tea OPO te ditt. 
S——— whitey erhOls Nie Qo. .9¥0e 0,4:0 OD LAsienied (Oks disap ditto: 
Spirits, ‘Brandy, Cogniac ROMS! ONS 8 O49 4 OU 4.4. 5.70" 4 10 peraals 
— —,GenevaHollands 0 1 4 .. UO 1 9 OOO SS 0 080" ditto; 
--—, Rum, Jamaica . 0 0 0 .. 0 0 0 Oe ave 6en09, Lc 9 ditto. 
Sugar, brown . HON Ob Ores O 0510 213. 0 .. 219 O perewt. 
-—- -, Jamaica, fine OP OrnUL am On. Qnrey 316 0 .. 412 O perewt. 
, East India, brown 014 0°... 016 O OTA 0" Ee." 016. 0} Sdritto. 
lump, fine . eee Ok OF rere! 10 314 0 .. 318 O perewt. 
Tallow, town-melted . 2°7 0 «.. 0 0 0 2-9 6 =. 0. 0 *0 perewt. 
———, Russia, yellow . 2 5 0 .. 0 0 O 2) SO Ne O80" .0" ditto; 
Tea, Bohea : ae Ormeeavoe 5. hOr Onn 0 2 65.. 0 O O perlb. 
- —,Hyson, best .. WHOMA) 0} e250? 0) 70 0 = (04 .4<. 0:10). Oneditto: 
Wine, Madeira, old (ae OLOy crass, 09 O Zo SO Ora 3a7 50 : per pipe 
, Port,old . ey O70) wiz 53; 0 0 ety U0 ee oo)  O) Grditto 
-—~ -, Sherry . - 25 0 0 .. 60 0.0 250 0 60 O O per butt 


Premiums of Insurance...Guernsey or Jersey, 208- 0d.—Cork or Dublin, 20s. 0d.—Bel- 
fast, 20s. 0d.—Hambro’, 40s, 0d. — Madeira, 20s. 0d.—Jamaica, 30s. Greenland, out 
and home, 6s. to l2gs. 

Course of Exchange, Jan. 27.— Amsterdam, 1% 
- Leghorn, 47.— Lisbon, 503.—Dublin, 9 per cent. 

Premiums on Shares and Canals, and Joint Stock Companies.—Birmingham, 5601. -- 
Coventry, 10001.—Derby, 135!.—E llesmere,631.—Grand Surrey 591. 0s—Grand Union, 201 Os. 
—Grand Junction, 2221. - Grand Western, 31.—Leeds and Liverpool, 3501 —Leicester, 2901. 
—Loughbro’, 2600i.—Oxford, 6491.—Trent and Mersey, 18001.—Worcester, 24].—East 
India Docks, 1631.—London, 101].—West India, 1761.--Southwark BripGr, 131.—Strand, 
51. 5s. Royal Exchange Assurance, 250].—Albion, 501. 0s. —Globe, i311. 0s.——Gas 
Ligut Company, 621. 0s. City Ditto, 1051. At the Office of Wolfe and Edmonds’. 

The 3 per cent. Reduced, on the 27th was 765; 3 per cent. consols, 76 526 ; 5 percent, 
navy 107! 8. 

Gold in bars 31, 17s. 10Jd. per oz —New doubloons, 31]. 14s, 3d.—Silver in bats 5s. Od. 


amburgh, 37 4.—Paris, 25 40. 


ALPHABETICAL LIST OF BANKRUPTCIES announced between the 20th of Dec. 
1821, and the 20th of Jan. 1822: extracted from the London Gazette. 


—-— ; E 
BANKRUPTCIES. [this Month 91 «] Adcock, H. W. Birmingham, dealer. (Tyndall 


, F and Co. 
Solicitors’ Names are in Parentheses. Ambrose, T. Waterloo Place, woollen draper. 
BBEY, T. Pocklington, ironmonger. (Holmes, (Hodgson. 
attorney. Andrew, 8 and H. Micklehurst, Cheshire, woollen- 
Abbey, R. Alne, York, miller. (Gamble. emncuticlavere: (Buckley. Avnen, 


76 


Annen,J. Blackheath, merchant. (Sweet and:Co. 

Beanfoy, 1. Meriden, Warwick, draper. (Trough- 
ton and Co. 

Birch, R. Y. Hammersmith, medicine-vender. 

. (Harnett. 

rigs I W. Bedford, Lancaster, dealer. (Kert- 
shaw. 

Bond, J. Munsley, Hereford,coppice-dealer. (Hol- 

. brook. 

Brittain, B. Warren’s Farm, Herts. cealer. (Bond. 

Broadbent, I. and A. Saddleworth, York, merehts. 
( W hitehead. 

Bush, H. Loddon, Norfolk, groce1. (Boyce. 

Butcher, O. Burnham Westgate, Norfolk, farmer. 
(Withers, jun. 

Cantor, J. J. Devonshire-street, Bishopsgate-street, 
pen-manufaciurer. (Noel. 

Cartwright, T. Oakhampton, inn-keeper. (Brntton. 

Chafer, W. Hull, grocer. (Brown. 

Christie, C. Clement’s-lane, insurance-broker (Al- 
listonand Co. 

Churehill, S. Hadlow-street, Brunswick-square, 
wine-merchant. (Howard. 

Clark, T. Hammeismith, money-scrivr. (Isaacson. 

Clemence, I. jun. Northumberland-street, carpen- 
ter. (Stevens and Co. 

Cole, T. Cartoft, York, dealer. (Garbuit. 

Colville, K. Charlotte-st. Portland-place. (Poole. 

Creaker, C. Crayford, Kent, farmer. (Stevens & Co. 

Deleval, A. York-street, Covent Garden, wine-mer- 
chant. (Reardon and Co. 

Etherington, I. Knottingley, York, coal-dealer. 
(Clough and Co. 

Forbes, G. M. Liverpool, merchant. (Avison. 

Frost, J. Temple Norinanton, Derby, maltster. 


(Rickards. 
Halen: H. Cottenham, Cambridge, auctioneer. 
ays. 
Gear, I: Nottingham, fishmonger. (Hopkinson, 
_ and Co. ; 
George, I. Park-street, Hanover-square, auctioneer. 
(Fenton. 
Gidden, T. the younger, Prince’s-square, St. 


George’s in the East, curriers. (Vizard & Co. 
Gill, W. Searborough, linen-draper. (Wood. 
Graves, T. jun. Cottenham, Cambridge, butcher. 

(Whiteley. 

Grayson, R. Wigan, cotton-spinner. (Battersby 
and Co 


Griffis, V. Knightsbridge, plumber. (Palmer & Co. 

Haigh, T. Po and-street, bookbinder. (Mahew. 

Hall, J. Watton at Stone, Herts, corn-dealer 
(Forbes. 

Harrison,R. Coleshill, tanner. (Palmer. 

Heath, J. Rosemary-lane, cheesemonger. (Tom- 
(lins and Co, : 

Hext, S. Ha dington Mandeville, Somerset, sail- 
cloth maker. (Murley. 

Hole, B- Broad-street, Bloomsbury, tailor. (Con- 
stable and Co. 

Hunter, I. Hawkhurst, Kent, corn dealer. 
son and Co. 

Jenkins, Edward, Picketstone, miller. 
and Rassett. 

Jenkins, R.I.R. Axbridge, dealer (Saunders. 

King, Jacob, Gieat Yeldham, Essex, linen-draper, 
&e. (Reardon and Davis. 

Mackintyre,J. Liver, ool, merchant. (Battye, and 


(Greg- 
(Gregory, 


Crump. 


Bankrupts and Dividends. 


| Feb. 1, 


Mather, I. Jewin-street, wine-nerchant. (Watson 


Metcalfe, R. Brunswick-place, City-road, mer- 
chant. (Alliston,and Hundleby. 
Mickle, I. Piercy-street, Tottenham-court-road, 


tailor. (Fisher. 
Midwood, T.H. London, merebant. (Wood. 
Milne, J. Liverpool, painter. (Ramsbottom. — 
Munro, G. Mineing-lane, wine-merchant. (Wright. 
Nattris, I. sen. Thornion, York, linen-draper. 
(Cornwall. 
Neale, G. Grantham, brick-maker, (Newcome. 
Nees $. Cransley, Northampton, cattle-jobber. 
amb. 
Ole T. High-street, Mary-le-bone, victualler. 
Carlon. : 
Park, John, Fenchurch-street, merchant. 
den, and Helder. 

Parker, I. Edgeware- road, earthenwareman. 
(Carlon. 

Pearson, KE. & Co. Liverpool, merchts. (Orred & Co. 

Penley, I. jun. Uley, Gloucester, dyer. (Eden. 

Pinneger, J. Lechlade, Gloucester, wool-merchant. 
(Mullings. 

Potbury, G. Sidmouth, cabinet-maker. (Brutton. 

Pownall, T. Handforth, Chester, flour factor, &e. 
(Wright and Cole.and Dumvile. 

Rawlinson, S. Bowtell, near Hayes, Middlesex, 
brickmaker. (Carlon. 

Richards, J. Exeter, cabinet-maker. 
Church, and Terrell. 

Robinson, E. Langbourn Chambers, merchant. 

Cousins. 

Robinson, M. A. Red Lion-street, Holborn, grocer. 
(Few and Co. 

Rogers, T. and Co. Savoy-street, Strand, harness- 


(Low- 


(Drake and 


makers. (Lewis. 

Rontledge, T. Liverpool, broker. (Lowten, and 
Leicester. ’ 

Scott, O. Manchester Buildings, Westminster, 


army and navy-agent- (Alliston and Co. 
Shaw, I. Oldham, Lancaster, machine-maker. 

(Shattlew. 
Simpson, W. I. Manchester, hosier. (Law & Co. 
Smeeton, G. St. Martin’s-lane, printer. (Davies. 
Staff, E. Norwich, Brickmaker. (Holme and Co. 
Stoker, I. Doncaster, tinman. (Badger,jun. 
Tennant, I. Liverpool, merchant. (Massey. 
Thomas,W. Blewil’s Buildings, Fetter-lane, w ork- 

box manufacturer. (Messrs. Harman. 
Thompson, W. Tottenhill, near Lynn, cattle dea. 


ler. (Fisher. 
Todd, 1. Tuttenham, Cambridge, butche.(Peacock. 
Toussaint, C. Castle-street, Leicester-square, 
plumber. (Allen. 


Wardle, I. Worksop, butcher. (Beardshaw. 

Washburn, J. Great Marlow, Bucks. wire-manu- 
facturer? (Thomas. 

Waugh, R. Hull, cabinet-maker. (Sandwith. 

Whitboum, J. Book-street, Holborn, oilman. 
(Shepherd and Pacey. 

White, J. Bletchingley, farmer. (Welchman & Co. 

Wiefall, H. Sheffield, file-maker. (Smith. 

Wilson, E. Strand, merchant. (Lewis. 

Winter, George, Norfolk-street, Strand, merchant. 
(Llewellyn. 

Woodwood, T. Bridgewater, Somerset, druggist. 
(Lowe and Bower. 

Woiton, I. Windsor, timber-meicht. (Biggs & Co. 


Anbusson, C.-W. F. George’st. 
Hanover-square. 

Anderson, D. Billeter-lane. 

Armstrong, I, Bristol. 

Armstrong, J North Wanboro’, 
Odiham, Hants. 

Ashby, R. Poultry. 

Atkinson, H. Breacd-street Hill. 

Atkinson, P. Rathbone-place. 

Aubrey, G. E. Manchester. 

Austin, T.and Co. Bath. 

Bayley, G. and Co, Finsbury- 
place. 

Bayley, C. Abingdon. 

Baylis, I and Co. Piceadilly. 

Belhaiv, T. Stratford, Essex. 

Beddeck, T. St. Issey, Cornwall. 


DIVIDENDS. 


Blackwell, R.Crescent, Minories? 

Boyce, I. Bordesley, near Bir- 
mingham. 

Brennand, T. Breaistreet. 

Brook, N. Duke-street, Lincoln’s 
Inn Fie'ds. 

Brown,, W. Sutton at Hone, 
Kent. 

Brown, E. Friday-street. 

Bulpin, R. Bridgwater. 

Burley, I. Bristol. 

Burn, J. Lothbury. 

Burrows, I. Gloucester. 

Button, W, and Co. Paternoster- 
row. 

Byron, W. Hammersmith: 

Campbell, D, Old Jewry. 


Carter, I. S. and Co. Liverpool. 

Colbeck, T. West House, York. 

Cundell, R. jun. Suburbs of York. 

Day, R-H. Tovil, near Maidstone. 

Deakin, F. and Co. Aston, near 
Birmingham. 

Dingle, I. St. Austle,Cornwall. 

Doull, A. sen. Greenwich, 

Edwards, L. O. Minories. 

Ellis, W. Liverpool. 

English, F. Birmingham. 

Fincham, B. W. and Co. Ep- 


ping. 
Forbesand Co. Liverpool. 
Fowler, D. and Co. Gracechureh 
street. 
Fraser, I. Switbin's-lane. 
eeman. 


1822. ] 


Freeman, I. Hatton Garden, 

Frew, J. Museum-st. Blooms- 
bury. 

Gatton, S. Wood-street, Cheap- 


side. 
Gilbert, H, and Co. Brixham, 


evon. 

Gill, J. M. Plymouth Dock. 

Greensmith, I. Cartme!, Lan- 
caster. 

Groming, R. Broad-st. Buildings. 

Grove, P. Cardiff. : 

Gundry, G. Knaresboro’. 

Hacket, J. Breedon on the Hill, 
Leicester. 

Hagegart, B. Lime-House Hole. 

Haigh, I. Hudderstield. 

Halcon, R. Ashbourn, Derby. 

Hale, 8, London Tayern, Bishops- 
gate-street. - 

Hall, I Chatham. 

Handley, W .Stretton-en-le-Field. 

Hannington, H. Putney. 

Hawkins, 1. Farncomb, Surrey. 

Hayter, I. Bristol. 

Hewett, C. of or uear Henley- 
upon-Thames. 

Hobbs, R. Stratford-upon- Avon. 

Hoile, I. Beech-street. 

Holdsworth, W. Bradford, York. 

Holmes, T. and Co. Long Acie. 

Hooper, I. Tooley-street. 

Howitt, I. St. Martin’s-lane, - 

Hughes, I. and Co. 

Jackson, C. Upper Thames-st. 

James, B. andCo. Lawrence-lane. 

Jarrett, T. Shrewsbury. 

Johnson, W. Heybridge, Essex. 

Jones, A. W. New Brentford. 

Jones and Go. Liverpool. 

Jones, R. A. Tottenham Court 
Road. 

Jones, H. Holywell. 

Jordan, P. Whitechapel. 

Keating, A. Strand. 

Kempster, T. Bouverie-street. 


Kenworthy, I. Stons Wood, 
York. 

Kilner, W.and Co. Huddersheld. 

King, C. M. Upper East Smith- 


field. 

Knight, I. Castle Carey, Somer- 
set. 

Laing, G. Commercial Sale 
Rooms. 

Latby, I. Honiton. 

Lewis, I. Three Kings’ court, 
Lomnbard-street. 

Little, A. Bolton, Cumberland. 

Little, W. Bolton, Cumberland. 

Lovegrove, R. Arbortield, Ber ks. 

Mace, 8S. Norwich. 

Mackenzie, ©. Caroline-street, 
Bedford:square. 

Malcolm, R. Ashbourn, Derby. 

Masteis, &. Coventry. 

Merrick, T. Frith-street. 

Mumford, E. Liverpool. 

Neville, S. Leeds. 

Nicoll, E. Hemel Hempstead. 

Noon, T. Shepton Beauchamp. 

Nowell, I. Cheapside. 

Palmer, T. Bedford, 

Palmer, T. Bedford. 

Palmer, R. Brighton. 

Park, T. King’s Stanley, Glouces- 
te 


Tr. 
Park, R.jun. Portsea. 
Parks, T. and Co. Birmingham. 
Peak, I. Neweastie-under-Line. 
Pearse, C. Wellington, Somerset. 
Percy, R. Blandford Forum. 
Phillips, H. & Co. Birmingham. 
Pier,G. Newport, Monmouth. 
Preddon, E. Horneastle. 
Paton, A. and Co. Old Gravel- 
lane, Ratcliffe Highway. 
Read, I. Lloyd’s Coffee-house. 
Richardson, G. Horneastle. 
Robinson, §. S. Clarkson, J. J. 
and Parker, G. J. Change 
Alley, London. 


Political Affairs in January. 


Pi 


Rogers, S. Gutter-lane. 

Ross, A. Leadenhall Buildings. 

Routh, I. Austin Friars. 

Ryder, A. Mincing-lane. 

Sargent, T Milbank-row. 

Silver, R. Liverpool. 

Simson, R. Crown-court, Thread- 
need|e-street. 

Stanley, H. Jack House Within 
Oswald Twistle, Lancaster. 

Swaine and Co. Halifax. 

Sykes, W. and Co. White Lion- 
street, Norton Falgate. 

Symonds,C. & Co.Watling-st eet. 

Thorn, I. T. Plymouth. 

Thurkle, G. M. New-st.-square, 
Fetter-lane. 

Tillotson, ¥. Halifax. 

Tipping, T. Warrington. 

Tollervy, W.H. Portsrea- 

Townend, R. and Co. Mitre 
Court, Fleet-street. 

Tucker, W. and Co. Sheffield. 

Turner, T. W. Brentford. 

Vice, J. Blackfriars Road. 

Underdown. T. Colyton, Devon. 

Wardell, R. Brighton. 

Walls, T. Webber-street, Lam- 
beth Marsh. 

Ward, T. Seamer, York. 

Webster, J. and J. Wakefield, 
Yorkshire. 

Welford, I. Broad-st. Ratcliffe. 

Whitmarsh, H. H. Wingham, 
Kent. 

Whitby, W. and Co. Clement’s— 
lane. 

Wilcox, T. Holborn. 

Wilkes, J. sen. Burley, York. 

Wilson, I. Macclestield. 

Wilson, W. R. Crown court, 
Broad-street. 

Woodhouse, I. and M. Mincing- 


lane. 
Young, T. Cheltenham, 


POLITICAL AFFAIRS IN JANUARY. 


GREAT BRITAIN. 

EVERAL meetings of proprietors 

and agriculturists, in cousequence 
of low prices, have taken place durin 
the month, to complain of taxes, aad 
of the extravagant expenditure of the 
government. Unhappily, in past times, 
principles have had no influence ou 
these persons. While they got high 
prices, cities might be sacked, fields of 
battle covered with victims, liberty de- 
stroyed, and nations oppressed by means 
of exactions from their stores, and they 
not only forebore to protest, but fostered 
brutal] prejudices, and fanned the flames 
of war by every means in their power. 
Perhaps their ignorance is their best 
apology, and so far as this can be ad- 
mitted, they are entitled to present 
compassion. Never was the finger of 
God more visible in visiting the pride 
and crimes of a people! What else but 
the power of Oimnipotence could have 
reached the fire-sides of the haughty 
land-owners, and purse-proud agricul- 
turists of this empire, who, when wheat 


was 120s, per quarter, langhed at the 
distresses of the manufacturers, and at 
the miseries of Europe, and encouraged 
wars waged for no more definable ob- 
ject, * than to relieve Europe from sus- 
pense.” We cannot resist this taunt— 
the crimes committed by such perse- 
vering selfishness merit what is suf- 
fered, and they ought to be repented in 
sack-cloth and asies! We, however, 
habitually pity the failings and the suf- 
ferings of our fellow-creatures, and sin- 
cerely sympathise with the agricultural 
interest in their present dilemma. 
Their first course is to set themselves 
morally right by demanding the pu- 
nishment of those who abused their 
confidence. This the justice of heaven 
demands of them. Then they may 
properly seek that reduction of expen- 
diture which is the cause of such heavy 
assessments on their reduced returns— 
and finally require an equalization of 
taxes, by calling on the drones, the 
fund-holders, to pay their full quota of 
the existing taxes. The next bing 

. will 


73 


will be for farmers to relinquish thos2 
extended tracts of land which their 
avarice led them to engross, and for 
landlords to rebuild those farm-houses 
which their insensibility to the dis- 
tresses of industry led them in wan- 
touness to destroy. These things done, 
the blessing of heaven will return to 
the country—prosperity will be equal- 
ized—and industry will enjoy the pro- 
duce of its virtue and labour. We 
agree, at the same time, with the Duke 
of Sussex and other illustrious autho- 
rities, that if the people had been fairly 
represented in Parliament, or if Par- 
liament had not been filled with 
members for rotten boroughs, the 
crimes of the last thirty years would 
not have beeu committed; and there- 
fore we hope that all the interests of 
the country will unite in bringing 
about such an improvement in the re- 
presentation as shall be compatible 
with the security of the Constitution, 
and the strength and durability of the 
Emyire.—The meetings alluded to are 
described in our Provincial Intelli- 
gence, and we hope, in our ensuing 
Numbers, to have occasion to notice 
more of them. 

But while these distresses accumu- 
late on the landed interest, owing to 
the emancipation of South America, 
and other causes, the Manufacturers 
are generally fully employed; and 
owing to quickened collections of the 
revenue, the coronation, &c. the amount 
has improved half a million. 

The following is an official abstract 
of the net produce of the Revenue of 
Great Britain, in the years and quar- 
ters ended 5th Jan. 1521. 

Quarters ended 5th Jan. 


1821. 1822. 
Customs 2,117,659 2,486,896 
Excise 6,315,737 6,390,789 
Stamps - 1,535,474 1,497,128 
Post Office 321,000 308,000 
Assessed Taxes 2,333,674 2,292,708 
Land Taxes 427,582 473,000 
Miscellaneous 114,187 119,696 
13,165,313 13,568,217 

Years ended 5th Jan. 

1821. 1822. 
Customs 8,631,891 9,135,162 
Excise 26,364,702 26,546,415 
Stamps 6,151,347 + 6,108,640 
Post Office 1,389,000 —-1,318,000 
Assessed Taxes 6,311,346 6,256,811 
Land Taxes 1,192,257 —-1,263,274 
Miscellaneous 293,938 303,463 
50,334,481 50,931,705 


Political Affairs in January. 


[Feb. 1, 


The revenue of the year ending the 5th 
Jan. 1822, therefore, is nearly 51,000,000). 
and exceeds that of last year by nearly 
600,0001. On reference to Mr. Vansittart’s 
budget of June last, it will be seen that he 
stated the total charge for the year to be 
52,000,0601. The income to meet this 
charge is as follows : 


Total revenue for England 51,000,000 
Supposed revenue for Ireland —_ 3,500,000 
54,500,000 


The surplus, therefore, of 2,500,0001. is 
the whole of the Sinking Fund, available 
on the 5th of January, 1822. 

At the great dinner, in Norfolk, to 
celebrate Mr. Fox’s birth-day, the 
Duke of Sussex, on his health being 
drank, made the following observa- 
tions: 

“In former times, he said, when Eng- 
Jand interfered in Continental politics, it 
was to save the people of one state from 
the oppression of another ;—such was the 
interference of Queen Elizabeth ; but now 
there was a community of effort to crush, 
not to save, the oppressed. The system of 
Spies and informers of late years so orga- 
nized, were not the growth of an English 
soil. No; they were the emanation of the 
Holy Alliance, and one of the evils it in- 
flicted, or, as some would perhaps say, 
the glories that attested the salvation of 
the country. Of a piece with these do- 
mestic proceedings was one circumstance 
connected with that Leautiful Bridge-street 
concern, which he was surprised had hi- 
therto escaped public notice. He would 
not be foul-mouthed even respecting the 
contemptible agents of that society; but 
it was worth notice, that their secretary 
was the treasurer of the society for the 
relief of foreigners in distress—a situation 
which necessarily gavehim access, as often 
as he pleased, to the whole foreign diplo- 
matic corps resident in this country, and 
afforded the most convenient opportunities 
for any practices in which he might be en- 
gaged. This was another branch of the 
Holy Alliance: from such might the Lord 
defend him! Next to the system of espion- 
age, came the system of terrorism. The 
base operators of that system knew that 
though there were some who scoried their 
arts, there were others wlfo would be de- 
terred by their base threats—he was one 
of those who would always scorn and defy 
them. This most infamous and wicked 
system was carried on under the unworthy 
artifice of assuming a name associated 
with every thing that was the reverse of 
such baseness. John Bull was incapable 
of tolerating the atrocities which wretches 
were found to commit under the cloak of 
his honest name. Mr. Denman had said 
truly the other day ina court of justice, 

that 


1822.] 


that if the base arts of these vile calum- 
niators were retorted upon administration, 
no government could withstand them. If 
they were calculated, then, to batter down 
a government, what stand could isolated 
individuals be expected to make against 
them? The process of terrifying and 
frightening a man from his duty was easy 
according to this project; for were he a 
father, it was only tosend him an anony- 
mous threat, that if he attempted to do 
such an act, he should read the following 
Sunday such or such a story of his wife, 
his son, or his daughter. On the subject 
of the grievances which now weighed 
down the country, he fully concurred in 
the opinion, that their immediate cause 
was excessive taxation. The goverament 
had long tried to divide and distract the 
public attention, to set off the agriculturist 
against the manufacturer, and, vice versa— 
to concede this point, aud form that com- 
mittee, until they had at length made such 
a juggle of all the interests of society, that 
none could extricate themselves from the 
mass of confusion which alike perplexed 
all. This was exactly what the miuisters 
aimed at, and from it the country had no 
chance of disengaging itself, but by a long 
pull, astrong pull, and a pull altogether. 
As to the remedy, the first step was natu- 
rally to remove the cause of that taxation 
which was the immediate-evil. He was 
perfectly convinced, and he spoke it with- 
out pledging himself to specific details, or 
shutting out particular qualifications, that 
a rational reform in Parliament could alone 
saye the country.” 
f FRANCE. . 

In our last we noticed a change in 
the French king’s ministers, by which 
the faction of the ultra-royalists had 
displaced the sort of middle party, 
which had for some time directed the 
French councils. Such men _ were, 
however, not likely to be acceptable to 
the nation, and the measures which 
they have proposed prove that they are 
more likely that their predecessors to 
dispense with the charter to which the 
Bourbons owe their restoration. As 
the Censorship of the press was no lon- 
ger tolerable, these men have proposed 
to place the press out of the protection 
of the law, and to treat its agents as so 
many outlaws. Thus a royal com- 
mission is proposed to be erected to try 


what the ministers consider offences of 


the press, in exclusion of juries and all 
usual forms. The subject is in course 
of debate while this article is written ; 
and it is to be hoped that so audacious 
a project, directed against tie first 
principles of liberty, will be repelled 


Political Affairs in January. 


79 


by a large majority. As far as the de- 
bate had proceeded, according to the 
last mail, more zeal and talent has not 
been exerted since the year 1789; whe- 
ther the results will be similar to those 
of that famous year, time will shew. 

A considerable sensation has been 
produced all over Europe, during the 
month, by an eloquent petition of au 
English gentleman cf the name of 
Loveday, to the Chamber of Deputies, 
complaining of the seduction of two 
daughters, whom he had placed in a 
Paris boarding-school, to the tenets of 
the Catholic religion. Indeed, it ap- 
pears from this document, and from all 
other information, that religions fana- 
tics are at this time as busy in France, 
as they are in England; and that cer- 
tain zealots, who think their power 
greater than that of omnipoteace, are 
thrusting forward their unhallowed 
services, in promoting certain modes of 
faith to which these poor creatures are 
attached. In France, this fanatical 
spirit is more operative, because it has 
but one direction, in favour of Popery ; 
but happily in England it is neutralized 
by the opposite directions in which it 
acts, and by the varied modes of faith 
which our zealots inculcate, 

PORTUGAL. 

The Cortes of Portugal are proving 
themselves one of the most enlightened 
bodies of legislators in Europe. They 
listen to the voice of philosophy, as 
will be seen by the following docu- 
ments :— 

Translation of a Minute from the Jour- 
nals of the Portugueze Cortes. 

Read by Secretary Freire a Letter, 
presented by Senhor Sepulveda, to whom 
it had been addressed by Senhor Carvatho, 
Member of the Regency of the Kingdom,* 
along with the works of Jeremy Bentham, 
offered by their venerable author to the 
Portugueze nation ; in which letter of Sen- 
hor Carvalho it was said, that the writer 
could not give a more authentic testimony 
of the value he set upon so flattering au 
offering than by accompanying it with a 
wish, that, in their practice, the Cortes 
may take for their guidance the liberal 
doctrines of the principal and earliest 
constitutionalist of Europe. 

Penetrated with those sentiments of 
esteem that are so justly due to the illus- 
trious Bentham—to that sage by whose 


* This body is composed of four mem- 
bers: the Conde de Sampaio, President, 
and Messrs. Carvalho, de Sao Lecis, and 
Soto Maior, 

luminous 


80 


Juminous ideas the whole ciyilized world 
has been enlightened, and to whom its 
free nations should erect a monument 
of gratitude, for the indefatigable zeal 
with which he has made application of 
those ideas to the service of the great 
cause of liberty and good government,— 
the assembly has resolved, not only that of 
this his offering honourable mention be 
made in their Journals, but also that direc- 
tion be given to the Regency, to cause to 
be translated and printed all those his 
works; and that, by one of the secretaries 
of this august assembly, a letter be written 
to him, conveying to him the grateful ac- 
knowledgement of the Cortes, accompanied 
with the intimation that those his gifts were 
addressed to the assembly by one, and pre- 
sented by another, of the persons who 
planned and took the lead in consummating 
those glorious measures, which gave com- 
mencement to our political regeneration ; 
and that to the same Bentham be sent an 
authentic copy of the paragraph in our 
Journals, in which expression is given to 
this resolution of the sovereign assembly. 
Hermano José Braameamp de Sobral, pre- 
sident;—Joao Baptista Felgueiras, depu- 
tado secretario ;—Agostinho José Freire, 
deputado secretario.” 
Address of Mr. BENTHAM to the Cortes. 

Portugueze Cortes! Worthy rulers ofa 
regenerated people! Worthy rulers only 
because faithful servants ! 

Our correspondence is a singular one: 
the world’s eye isuponit. It is an useful, 
jt is an instructive cne,—J continue it. 

Once already I have put your virtues to 
the test; nobly have they stood it: one 
trial still remains. 

Once more, must I bring to your view 
the never-to-be-forgotten phrase—Greatest 
happiness of greatest number—all compre- 
hensive and sole justifiable end of govern- 
ment. Ona collection of works, by which 
the light of that all-commanding principle 
has, with more or less intensity, been shed 
on almost every part of the government, 
the seal of your approbation, has been al- 
ready stamped. Altogether, however, they 
form little more than an outline, nor that 
any thivg better than a rough and incom- 
plete one. That outline—would you see it 
not only corrected and completed, but 

filled up? filled up by a body of proposed 
’ law, conceived, and as to ail the most im- 
portant parts of it, expressed, not in detail 
ouly, but interminis? speak the word, and 

you shall have it. 
~ In the fiist place a proposed Pena! Code; 
im the next place a proposed Civil Code; 
in the last place a proposed Constitutional 
Code :—this is what I have to offer you. In 
all of them, the circumstauces in which 
Portugal stands wiil be kept ‘steadily in 
view ;-these circumstatces, so far as they 


Political Affairs in January. 


[Feb. 1, 


ean be learnt from your judicial customs 
and existing ordinances, more particularly 
such ordinances as inthe intervening inter- 
val shall have emanated from the regene- 
rated legislature. To these will be added 
whatever information from any appro- 
priately intelligent citizens of your's I 
may be fortunate enough to have found 
within my reach. Where, owing to the 
fluctuating nature of the incidents by 
which the demand for legislation is pro- 
duced, arrangements proposed interminis 
would be inapplicable, general directions 
or instructions will besubstituted. Finance 
law will suggest to you examples. 

Subjoined to this address is an appendix. 
In Part I. are Testimonials, in Part II. 
Reasons for acceptance. It is for your 
table this appendix—not for your ears. 

As to Testimonials, those which you 
yourselves haye given me are worth all 
others put together. Still it may be some 
satisfaction to you to see that in your own 
opinion in favour of this your profered ser- 
vant, there is not any thing with which 
that of other countries, more particularly 
his own, seems likely to be in discordance. 

Of the Reasons for acceptance, the mat- 
ter (I have said) is for your fable. Length 
and respect for your time have rendered 
the separation necessary. To your ears, 
however, I venture to submit the heads 
of it. ; 

No; I will not, as yet, seek to burthen 
you with it. It is, however, ready, and 
the next post shall bring it to you. 

Legislators! Such is the mite | offer to 
east into your treasury. But before the 
cast, or the mite itself, cau have been 
made, something on your part must have 
been done ; something to this effect you 
must have said to me, “ Friend of man, 
send us these works of your’s, they shall 
be laid upon our table. Rejection in toto, 
consideration in detail, sanctionment of 
one part, or of another part,—at one time, 
at another time, or at no time—all this 
will depend, for it cannot but depend, upon 
the judgment formed by us, as to what is 
most conducive, to the greatest happinegs 
of the greatest number of the people under 
our charge. For thus much, however, the 
Cortes pledges itself, in so far as it is in 
its power to pledge itself; each of these 
your proposed codes shall, on its. arriva!, 
by the earliest opportunity, be taken for 
the subject of our deliberations.” 

“ Well, but,” says somebody, “ this 
present of his—why all this talk about it? 
why not send it to us at once?” 

Legislators! it is xof made; and be- 
cause it is not, therefore it is that I thys 
offer it. Without acceptance, such as that 
I have spcken of, I am not sure that it ever 
can be made ; what I am sure of is, that it 
cannot be made either so promptly or so 

; well, 


1822.] 


well. At the age of three and seventy the 
current of the blood runs slow ; something 
is wanting, something from without to 
quicken it. 

One short word more: let there be no 
mistake,—acceptance is what I call for,— 
acceptance, nothing more; no such thing 
as preference, much less exclusive pre- 
ference. As to rival works, not to exclude, 
but to multiply them, would be my wish; 
rival works from any hands, but more parti- 
cularly fiom native ones. Of the sincerity 
of this wish proof more than in abundance 
is already in yourhands. It may be seen 
at length in one of those former works, by 
the acceptance of which your character has 
already shed its lustre on the untitled and 
title-scorning name of— 

JEREMY BENTHAM. 
GREECE. 

Every account from Greece proves 
that the people of that country are per- 
forming the most heroic achievements 
for their emancipation from the Turk- 
ish yoke; and it seems that volunteers 
are flocking to their standard from 
every European nation. In the mean- 
time, the legiiimates, (as they call 
themselves) are louking on with jea- 
lousy or indifference. The distracted 
state of the Turkish e~pire leads to 
the hope that the Greeks may accom- 
plish their purpose without any diver- 
sion on the part of Russia, as the surest 
means of combining civil liberty with 
national independence. The present 
Czar of Muscovy must be regarded. as 
a. liberal and enlightened man; but 
the genius of his government, backed 
as it is by hordes of trained savages, 
prevents any cordial co-operation on 
the part of such a power, in favour of 
liberty. 

Nothing beyond speculation is afloat 
relative to the probability of war be- 
tween Russia and Turkey. 

SOUTH AMERICA. 

Accounts by various channels indi- 
cate that Murvebe, popular commander 
of the Mexican patriotic troops, has 
been seduced by ambition, or by the 
flattery of sycophants, to assume the 


Incidents in and near London. 


8] 
title of Emperor of Mexico. Our pri- 
Yate accounts describe him as a middle- 
aged man of great energy of character, 
possessed of talents and unbounded 
popularity. The latest advices describe 
a failure of the patriots in an attacle 
upon Vera Cruz, but this must be re- 
garded as an affair of minor conse- 
quence, contrasted with the general 
independence of the fine provinces 
which constitute the Mexican isthmus. 

On the other hand, in Columbia, the 
brave Bolivar, after a series of strug- 
gles, unequalled in partizan wars, has 
declined all the honours tendered to 
him by the pesple; and has declared 
that he will hol the office of president 
only while the new government is ar- 
ranging, and will then retire into pri- 
vate life. 

In Peru, Callao held ont at the date 
of the Jast advices, and the remnant of 
the royalist army have thrown them- 
selves into its fortress; but having 
onlya month’s provisions, their speedy 
surrender seemed inevitable. The 
King of Portugal has magnanimously 
recognized the new republic of Chilis 
and stated a new principle of legiti- 
macy, which will alarm and displease 
the unprincipled despots, who leagued 
against the successive governments of 
France. His Portuguese Majesty justly 
states that every government must be 
regarded as legitimate to which the 
people are obedient; and therefore he 
recognizes the new American republic. 
For this declaration, the King of Por- 
tugal will live in the affections of man- 
kind, while the despots who brought 
such misery on all Europe, by main- 
taining the insulting principle, that no 
government was legitimate, unless di- 
rected by some decrepid dynasty, will 
be execrated to the end of time. 
Let it also be observed, that the King 
of Portugal is the first head of a govern- 
ment who has made this recognition ; 
and has placed the government of the 
United States in a relatively ignomi- 
nious position. 


INCIDENTS. MARRIAGES, anp DEATHS In AND NEAR LONDON, 
With Biographical Memoirs of distinguished Characters recently deceased. 
en 


CHRONOLOGY OF THE MONTH. 
Dec. 27. HE tide of the Thames flowed 

so high, that many houses 
on the Rotherithe side of the river were 
above three feet deep in water. Surrey- 
street and Crayen-street in the Strand, as 
we}las many parts of Westminster, were 
completely inundated: and at the Custom 

MontTuLy Maa, No. 364, 


House, the water rose within a foot of the 
summit of the terrace. 
Five individuals were examined at 
Bow-street, on a charge of robbing a jewel- 
ler, in the Strand, of watches and jewels 
to the amount of two thousand pounds and 
upwards, 
— 28. Thetide at London-bridge rose 
L higher 


Bz 


higher than was ever remembered. At 
Westminster and Vauxhall great deyasta- 
tion was occasioned by the overflowing of 
the river, which rose four inches higher 
than the great flood of 1774. 

Jan. 2. The proprietors of the John Bull 
newspaper tried in the Court of King’s 
Bench, for a libel on the Countess of Jer- 
sey; but acquitted for want of evidence. 

— 3. Parliament prorogued until the 
Sth of February. 

— 4, The proprietors of the John Bull 
newspaper tried in the Court of King’s 
Bench, for publishing a series of libels on 
the late Queen. —Guilty. 

— 11. Another bill was this cay found 
by the Grand Jury, against the City Gas 
Light Company, for a nuisance. 

— 12. Four of Carlile’s shopmen, pro- 
secuted by the noted Bridge-street Society, 
were this day arraigned at the Old Bailey, 
for trial; but on various accounts were re- 
manded. 

— 15. During the early part of this 
morning, the wind was so high, that con- 
siderable damage was done on the Thames. 
Im Stepney Fields, the gable end of one of 
the new houses was blown down ; and on 
the Deptford-road, an elm-tree was torn up 
by the roots. 

List of the christenings and burials with- 
in the bills of mortality, from Dec. 12, 
1820, to Dec. 11, 1821: 

Christened in the 97 parishes within the 
walls, 1105: buried, 1090. 

Christened in the 17 parishes without 
the walls, 5445; buried, 3606. 

Christened in the 23 out-parishes in 
Middlesex and Surrey, 14,555; buried, 
9605. 

Christened in the ten parishes in the City 
and Liberties of Westminster, 4129; 
buried, 4150. 

Total christened ; males, 13,072; females, 
12,160: in all 25,232. 

- Total buried; males 9379: female, 9072: 
in all 18,451. 
Whereof have died, 


Under two years of age - 4276 
Between two and five - 1793 
Five and ten - - 904 
Ten and twenty - - 628 
Twenty and thirty - - 1358 
Thirty and forty - - 1817 
Forty and filty - - 1957 
Fifty and sixty - - 1872 
Sixty and seventy - ~ 1612 
Seventy and eighty - - 1312 
Eighty and ninety - - 771 
Ninety and a hundred - 150 


A hundred and eight. 1 
Decreased in the burials this year, 897. 
Thirty-four persons were executed in 

London and the county of Surrey during 

the last year. 

MARRIED. 
Robert Augustus Cottle, esq. of Alder- 


Marriages in and near London. 


[Feb. I, 


manbury, to Miss Sargeaunt, of Gower- 
street. 

Mr. Sherinan Stimson, of Oakham, to 
Sarah, eldest daughter of Mr. William 
Brown, of Commercial-road. 

Samuel Williams, esq. of Plymouth, to 
Eliza, daughter of John Symes, esq. of 
Essex-street, Strand. 

Mr. Julius Giani, of Charies-stre2t, Mid- 
dlesex Hospital, to Miss Eve Berry, of 
King-street, Portman -square. . 

Mr. W. Johnson, of Mile End-road, to 
Mrs. Pilgrim, widow of the,late Mr. P- 
of Stratford, Essex. 

Mr. John Wieppert, to Miss Isabella 
Stevenson. 

Mr. W. Dent, of Clapham, to Miss Fran- 
ces Sarah Stanley, of Prince’s square. 

Mr. Tilly, of Cornhill, to Miss Stockman, 
of Portsea. 

John Brooks, esq. of Southampton-streef, 
Strand, to Miss Wallis, of Clapham. 

Mr. R. S. Bonwell, of St. Martin’s-court, 
to Miss Lear, of Holloway. 

John Hore, esq. of Red Lion-square, to 
Miss A. E. Robertson. 

Mr. W. Dell, of Holborn, to Ann, young- 
est daughter of R. Dancer, esq. of Chan- 
cery-lane. 

Mr. Edward Lawrence, to Matilda, 
daughter of the late John Smith, esq. of 
Harold’s Park, Essex. 

Joshua Blackburn, esq. of Liquorpond- 
street, to the eldest daughter of John 
Blades, esq. of Brookwell-hall. 

Mr. John Boosey, of Broad-street, to 
Miss Fordham, of Santion. 

Mr. J.S. Nail, to Selina, eldest daughter 
of George Temple, esq. 

William Imrie, esq. of Rathbone-place, 
to Mary Matilda, relict of George Steel, esq. 

Mr. Richard Keysell, to Miss Meabry, 
of Bloomsbury. 

George Longmore, esq. to Eliza Beck- 
ford, 3d daughter of G. Reynolds, esq. of 
Christ’s Hospital. 

Robert Walter, esq. youngest son of the 
late Major Byers, to Anne, daughter of the 
late Benjamin Travers, esq. 

James Peachey, esq. of Salisbury-square, 
to Amelia Bridget, on!y daughter of the 
late James Mayor, esq. of Islington. 

Mr. Edward Smith, :o0 Elizabeth, young- 
est daughter of Mr. Player, of Dursley. 

Christian Tawke, esg. of Croydon, to 
Mary, eldest daughter of T. Leach, esq. of 
Clapham. 

Lieut. Col. Walter O'Hara, late of the 
Portuguese service, to Marian, second 
daughter of Charles Murray, esq . of John- 
street Bedford-row. 

Capt. W.S Badcock, R.N. to Miss Selina 
Crew, daughter of Lady H. Crew. 

William Joseph Furlong, esq. to Miss M. 
A.S. Leigh, of Thames Ditton. 

Mr. Joseph Warner Bromley, of Gray’s 
Inn, to Miss Robarts, of Bedford-street. 

R. Monro, 


1322.) 


R. Monro, esq. to Charlotte Mary, 2d 
daughter of the late James Monro, esq. of 
Hadley. ' 

J. B. French, esq. to Louisa Jane, young- 
est daughter of the late George Rose, 
esq. of Crookham, Berks. 

F. C. Meyer, esq. of Great Portland- 
street, to Sarah Pomeroy, eldest daughter 
of Dr. Smith, of Richmond. 

Hugh Hammersley, esq. banker, to Maria 
Georgiana, eldest daughter of the late 
Lewis Montolien, esq- 

T. Brown, M.D. of Queen Aun-street, 
Cavendish-square, to Sarah Dionesse, 
daughter of the late Col. Goate, of Brent 
Eleigh-hall, Suffolk. 

Lieut. Col. Charles Greue Ellicomb, to 
Mary, 3d daughter of the late Rev. Henry 
Peach. 

John Samuel 
Allen, of Bath. 

Mr. S. Betteley, of Soho, 
Brichens, of Biggleswade. 


Hudson, esq. to Miss 


to Miss 


Robert Gogan, esq. to Miss Ruth Ann_ 


Twort. 
DIED. 

At Assembly-row, Mile End, 75, the 
Rey. William ood. : 

At Barking, 33, the Rev. Alfred Baker. 

Frederick John J. Mears, eldest son of 
Mr. G. M. of Kenningtou-lane; a youth 
of exemplary conduct, and beloved by all 
who knew him, 

At Nelson-square, Sarah, wife of W. 
Yeates, esq. 

In Upper Ranelazh-street, Pimlico, 78, 
Mr. John Darby, late of Bankside. 

Joseph Wool/e, esq. 36, solicitor, Basing- 
hall-street. 

In the Hackney-road, 33, aftera lingering 
illness, Mary Ann, eldest daughter of Mr. 
Woodcock. 

At Horsleydown, 
Haynes. 

In Biackman-sireet, Southwark, 70, Mrs, 
Elizabeth Hunt 

At Newington, 27, Mrs. Tolkien. 

William Jones, esq. upwards of forty 
years a partner in the banking-house of 
Messrs. Jones, Lloyd, and Co. in London 
aud Manchester. As a man of business, 
he was uniformly distinguished for integ- 
fity, exactness and liberality; and in 
the relations of private life, he was equa!ly 
beloved for his humane and generous cou- 
duct on all occasions. 

In Warwick-square, 56, Charles Letter- 
man, esq. of the firm of Scatcherd aud Let- 
terman, of Ave-Maria-lane, booksellers. 

At Reigate, John Fox, esq. of Parlia- 
meut-street, Westminster. 

At Walworth, Sophia, second daughter 
of Mr. Richard Rofley. 

At Ratcliffe-cross, 40, Mrs. Salhow. 

In South Audley-street, Mury, wife of 
the Rey. Samuel Hackett, after a Jingering 
illness. 


. 
85, Mrs. Sarah 


Deaths in and near London. 


85 


In Parliament-street, 61, John Mills, 
esq. decply lamented by his friends and 
relatives. 

fu Phillimore-place, Kensington, 67, 
Richard Hopkins, esq. 

Iu Bornard-street, Russe!l-square, 22, 
Miss Bunning, universally beloved and 
regretted. —~ p 

iu Ludgate-strect, 77, Hannah, wife of 
Mr. W. March, bookseller. 

In Piccadilly, 59, John Mackay, esq. of 
apoplexy. 

In Hunter-street, Brunswick-square, 
Martha Oliphant, daughter of the late 
James O. esq. of Cock=pur-street. 

Henry Pereyrine Howard Beckwith, 
36, sincerely ianreuted by all his friends. 

At Barnes, Caroline Frances, only 
daughter of Mr. Pyle. 

In Bread-street, Cheapside, Mrs. @. 


Smith, after a long and severe illuess. 


in Cheapside, Mr. D. Davis, of the firm 
of Clemeuti and Co. 

On the Terrace, Kentish-town, 88, IVil- 
diam Randall, esq. 

At Stratford-green, Mrs. W. Loxiey. 

~ At Wimbledon, William Moffatt, esq. 

In Bedford-street, Covent Garden, Mrs. 
Phitlips, sen. 

18, Margaret Sophia, youngest daughter 
of the Jate C. Cock, esq. 

At Aldbury-cottage, near Guildford, 72, 
the Rev. Sydney Malthus. 

In Berkley-square, after a Jong and 
painful illness, Maria, Countess of Guild- 
ford, widow of Fraucis, late Earl of Guild- 
ford. 

Tu Bolton-row, Catherine Julia, wife of 
R. Ward, esq. M.P. 

At Kensington Gore, Barbara, eldest 
daughter of William Wilberforce, esq. 

In Rockingham-row, Newington, 86, 
Mr. John Sheppard. 

At Blackheath, 79, Isaac Warner, esq. 

At Dorking, 29, Mr. Henry Grigonin. 

At Stanwell, 76, Cutherine, wife of 
John Barber, esq. 

At Norwood-green, $6, Michael Thack- 
thwaite, esq. 

At Richwond, Mrs. Fanny Roades, of 
Bolton-place, Chelsea. 

At Wandsworth, George Owen, esq. 

At Camden-town, 73, Mr. tiv. Miller, 
late of Hanway-street. 

In Bryanston-square, Eliza, daughter 
of Ralph Bernal, esq. M.P. 

At Serjeant’s-inn, Maria, daughter of 
John Philpotts, esq. of Gloucester, 

In President-street, Goswell-street-road, 
the Rev. W. Parker, B.D. curate of St. 
Peter-le-poor, London. 

In Manor-place, Walworth, 83, W. 
Haynes, esq. 

At East Sheen, Catherine Elizabeth, 
wife of Francis Seymour Larpent, esq. 

In St. James’s-square, the Duchess of St. 
Albans. 

At 


84 


At Streatham, 80, Mrs. Lambert. 

At Upper Tooting, 83, Mrs. Wilson, re- 
lict of the late C. Wilson, esq. 

At Epsom, 74, Mrs. Pilgrim. 

In Argyle-street, 75, 7’. Randal, esq. 

In King-street, Portman-square, 18, Mr. 
Charles Celarius Fitzgerald. 

In Charter-house-square, Mrs. Jene 
Bridges. 

In Dean’s-yard,Westminster,79, Richard 
Bevin, esq. 

At Hackney, Mrs. Ann Goodbehere, wife 
of the late J. G. esq. and niece of the late 
alderman of that name. Her death was 
occasioned by part of her clothes being sud- 
denly drawn through tke bars of a grate 
while stirring the fire. An inquest was 

held on her body the same evening, when 
the jury returned a verdict of “ Acciden- 
tal Death.” It must be evident, on the 
slightest consideration, that if this lady 
liad fortunately happened to have beeh 
instructed in the principle of the ascent of 
flame, and had lain down at the commence- 
ment of the accident instead of maintaining 
an erect position, by which the combus- 
tion not only accumulated, but ascended 
to the throat, face, and head, no fatal 
consequences could possibly have ensued. 
This principle, upon which we have long 
insisted, and which we first promulgated, 
has been the means of saving many lives, 
under circumstances similar to those of 
Mrs. Goodbehere. If the parties stand 
erect till the flames have acquired a cer- 
tain intensity, even rolling in a carpet 
often does more harm than good 

[Thomas Whately, esq. whose death we 
lately noticed, was the son of a clergyman, 
the Rev. Mr. Whately, of Derby, who had 
fiiled the civic chair of the corporation three 
successive years with characteristic dignity, 
urbanity, and reputation. Born of a good fa- 
mily and highly respectable parents, Thomas, 
the subject of this notice, had received a libe- 
ral education ; after which, suitably with his 
inclination, he was apprenticed to the medi- 
cal profession, and became fellow apprentice 
with the celebrated author of the ‘ Botanic 
Garden,’—Dr. Darwin. Naturally attached 
to studious habits and the pursuits of anato- 
mical and literary information, Master 
Whately cultivated every opportunity for his 
mental improvement, examined his principles 
by the nicest scrutiny, and formed his judg- 
ment upon the foundation of ocular truth. 
As he advanced to manhood, he progressively 
enriched his mind, which, as a physiological 
student, he considered of the first importance 
to his present and future interests ; so zealous- 

. ly, indeed, that his intense application induced 
a nervous head-ache, which continued, in mo- 
dified degrees, to the last moment of his life. 
Perseverance, led him forth into the world, 
endued wits a yreat store of valuable know- 
ledge. As a botanist, he was particularly 
distinguished : he invented an improved plan 


Mrs. Goodbekere,—Thomas Whately, esq. 


. tions. 


[Feb. 1, 


for the better management and more durable 
preservation of plants in sand and paper, which 
met with the sanction and approval of the most 
eminent votaries o: Linnzeus, and testimonies of 
its utility are recorded in the best and latest 
works on botany and horticulture. Free from 
the versatile aid pre-disposing influence of 
hospital associates, be passed the several ex- 
aminations of the colleges, societies, and cri- 
tical ordeals in Scotland and England with so 


-much advantage, that he gained the coun- 


tenance and friendship of men of letters and 
medical fame. Thus honoured, he was en- 
couraged to persevere yet more diligently, 
and he gleaned the scattered fragments of 
science like a wise husbandman. London, 
which has the strongest claims for practice 
and experience, now began to invite Mr. 
Whately to exercise his talents in pharmacy 
and the more scientific branches of physical 
operations.. This apostrophe in bis life gave 
him further chance of acquiring celebrity, 
and brought his surgical skill into deep and 
forcible action. The quickness, ease, and 
certainty of Mr. Whately’s performances on 
his patients, in the most difficult cases, de- 
cided his choice of confining himself wholly 
to surgery. Hence his fame spread widely 
and justly among the afflicted, and his eleva- 
lion as a surgeon became maturely and ho- 
nourably established in the highest circles. 
As a writer, he was signalized by the several 
works which issued from his pen, and which 
are consulted by students on account of their 
character for practical and experimental 
utility. They are principally—a work on 
* Ulcers’—the ‘ Tibia’-—‘ Strictures’—‘ Poly- 
pus,? with improved foreeps—‘ Necrosis,’— 
and some other tracts and papers, periodically 
inserted in medical publications. Mr. Whate- 
ly and Sir Everard Home, lor some time 
carried on a paper controversy, which ended 
by proving that his method of treating stric- 
tures caused less pain to the sufferer, and was 
equally felicitous, perhaps more, in perform- 
ing speedy and permanent cure, than the 
noticed baronet’s. Mr. W. was a great and 
constant friend to the poor and afflicted, both 
with his advice gratuitously and his benefac- 
He was tke friend of Christianity, and 
acted up to its dictates by his uniform ex- 
ample and daily walk. He was formerly on 
the most intimate terms of friendship with 
the reverend Mr. Newton, with whom he 
corresponded for many years. He was thrice 
married, and his seven children and young 
and amiable widow, who have survived him, 
were his habitual and indulgent pride. Fond 
of domestic retirement and the study of phyto- 
logy, in the cloisters of leaves and beautiful 
flowers, he avoided the ostentatious glare of 
the fashionable world ; and latterly led a re- 
tired life at Isleworth. ] 

Lately, at Burcote, Salop, 94, 1}. Sadler, 
esq. the last of an ancient family, who had 
resided at that place in uninterrupted suc- 
cession during the last two hundred and 
thirty-eight years 

At 


1822.] 


{At Brighton, Phebe Hassell, aged 108. 
She was born in- 1713, and served for many 
years as a private soldier in the fifth regiment 
ot foot, in difierent parts of Europe ; and in 
1745, fought under the command of the Duke 
of Cumberland at the battle of Fontenoy, 
where she received a bayonet wound in her 
arm. She lived the reigns of five British 
sovereigns, Anne and the four Georges ; and 
through the reyal bounty and the occasional 
assistance of many liberal persons in Brigh- 
ton, she passed the evenivg of her life in 
tranquillity and comfort.] 

[At Loodeanah, in the East Indies, on the 
18th cf May last, 30, Captain George Rod- 
ney Blane, of the Bengal Engineers, the 
second son of Sir Gilbert Blane; bart. He 
received his education at the Charter-house, 
and the Military College at Marlow, which 
he joined in 1804, as a cadet of the East 
India Company. He went there on the 
department of the line, but was transferred 
to that of the ordnance, on account of his 
superior talent in mathematics; and on 
this occasion, he attracted the particular 
notice and patronage of Mr. Pitt, then 
prime-minister. He completed his educa- 
‘tion at Woolwich, and embarked for India 
in 1807; where, on his arrival, he was se- 

jected for the corps of Engineers. He 
assisted in surveying the province of Cut- 
tack, and the survey of Sangor and the 
Sunderlands; and in 1814, he served in 
the Nepau! war, and directed the works at 
the siege of Kalunga, under Gen. Gillespie. 
—In storming this piace, Blane received a 
musket-bail in the arm, and having retired 
to the rear to have it extracted, returned 
into action. Capt. Blane was after this 
employed in surveying the skirts of the 
Himaleh mountains, near the sources of 
the Jumna ; and in repairing the fortifica- 
tion of Loodeanah, on the river Setledge. 
The service upon which the government of 
Jndia have so highly recognised his merit, 
was that of the restoration of the antient 
canals of irrigation, which had been choak- 
ed up more than a century, and on which 
artificial watering, extensive territories 
to the N.W. of Delhi, depend for their 
fertility. The restoration of these canals 
had occurred to some of Lord Hastings’ 
predecessors, but owing to various objec- 
tions made at that time, the work was not 
deemed advisable. At an early part of 
the administration of the present patriotic 
and benevolent governor general, the idea 
of restoring the canals was again revived ; 
and Capt. Blane haying already given emi- 
nent proofs of his superior skill, was no- 
minated superintendent ofthis undertaking, 
in 1814. Various incidents prevented his 
being called on to commence operations 
till 1817. The interval he employed in 
making himself master of the most approy- 
ed methods of conducting embankments 


Captain Blane. Rev. John 


Malham.— Mr. Glasspool. 86 


and excavations, in which he received 
considerable assistance from the late Mr. 
Rennie, and several other eminent engi- 
neers. Capt. Blane commenced his opera- 
tions in the autumn of 1817, and com- 
pleted the whole undertaking in May 1820, 
being within half the period originally 
prescribed. The completion of this grand 
undertaking, has not only tended to in- 
crease the fame of Capt. Blane, but will 
also prove a source of great pecuniary 
profit to the company; and the govern- 
ment were so highly pleased with the ex- 
pedition, success and economy with which 
this great work had been achieved, that 
they appointed Capt. B. superintendent of 
all canals in that quarter. A protracted 
and severe illness, however, frustrated the 
execution of several other undertakings of 
great utility. His death was announced 
in the Government Gazette, dated Calcutta, 
June 5, 1821, and attords ample testi- 
mony to his public and private virtues and 
talents. Bur 

{Lately, 75, the Rev. John Malham, 
vicar of Helton, Dorset. He was a native 
of Craven in Yorkshire, and in 1768 he 
published several mathematical commuui- 
cations in the Leeds Mercury, at which 
time he conducted a school. Soon after 
entering into holy orders, he served a cu- 


. racy in Northamptonshire: in 1781, he 


resumed as schoolmaster, and after several 
changes, lie settled at Salisbury. In 1801, 
he was presented to the vicarage of Helton; 
but he latterly resided in London, and was 
chiefly employed by the bookselJers, en- 
gaged in publishing bibles and other works 
in weekly numbers. He also published 
several theological and elementary works; 
among which are ‘‘ the Schoolmaster’s 
Complete Companion, and Scholar’s Uni- 
versal Guide to Arithmetic, 1782 :” ** Two 
Sermons on National Gratitude ;”  “ the 
Scarcity of Wheat Considered,” 1800, 
“‘ Lowndes’s History of England, brought 
down to 1812,” 12mo; “ A new Intro- 
duction to Book-keeping,” fifth edition ; 
and several smaller works.] 

{In Lant-street, Southwark, E.Glasspool, 
esq. Mr. G.who held a situation in the 
Victualling Department, rose at his usual 
hour, and proceeded from his chamber to 
the kitchen; shortly after the bed-room 
bell rang, and the servants went up-stairs 
to attend on Mrs. G. Almost immediately 
after they had left the kitchen, a report of 
a pistol was heard, followed by a groan. 
The servants lost no time in going down 
stairs, when on entering the kitchen they 
discovered their master lying on the floor, 
weltering in blood. A large horse-pistol 
was lying by his side, with which he had 
shot himself completely through the 
heart. The deceased had lately been dis- 
missed from a high and lucrative situation 

in 


86 Ris 


in the Victualling Office, and this circum- 
stance is supposed to have induced him to 
commit the above act. The verdict of the 
Coroner’s Inquest was “ Mental Derange- 
ment.” 

At Bethnal-green, 52, Mr. Everard 
Wildeboer. 

ECCLESIASTICAL PROMOTIONS, 

The Rev. J. H. Hogarth, LL.B. to the 
rectory of Stifford, Essex. 

The Rev. John Boyse, to the rectory of 
Kitnor, alias Culborne, Somerset. 

The Rev. T. Marwood, M.A. to the rec- 
tory of English Bicknor, Gloucestershire. 

The Rev. Hugh Owen, M.A. rector of 
Stapleton, Salop, to the archdeaconry of 
Salop. 

The Rev. C. Ingle, M.A. Fellow of St. 


Provincial Occurrences. 


|Feb. 1, 


Peter’s College, Cambridge, to the vicar- 
age of Orston, Nottinghamshire. 

The Rey. James, Hoste, M.A. of Ch ist 
College, Cambridge, to the vicarage of 
Empingham, Rutlandshire, vacated by the 
death of the Rev. Mr. Wilson. z 

The Rev. T. Thompson, to the vicarage 
of Addington, Yorkshire, vacant by the 
death of the Rey. T. Tyson. 

The Rey. Henry Ingleby, to the yalua- 
ble livings of Swallow and Rigby, Lin- 
colnshire. 

The Rey. C. J. Bloomfield, D.D. rector 
of St. Botolph’s Bishopsgate, aud of Ches- 
terford, Essex, appointed Archdeacon of 
Colchester. 

The Rev. F. Ellis, M.A. to the rectory 
of Lassam, Hants. 


PROVINCIAL OCCURRENCES, 


With all the Marriages and Deaths. 


———— 


NORTHUMBERLAND AND DURHAM. 
FP REX\HE corporation of Newcastle unani- 
mously voted, Dec. 21, the sum of 
100 guiueas towards the new building to 
be erected for the Literary and Philosophi- 
cal Society. 

Seaton Delaval, a noble mansion, the 
property of Sir Jacob Astley, has been 
lately consumed by fire. For grandeur it 
was nct surpassed in the north of England. 
The two wings, one of which comprised a 
spacious kitchen, with various other apart- 
ments, and a beautiful stable, were saved 
by great exertions. The fire originated 
in a chimney, to which a large beam in the 
roof had been affixed. 

Married.| At Wynyard, Durham, Co- 
lonel Sir H. Harding, M.P. for the city of 
Durham, to Lady Emily James, widow, 
and daughter of the late Marquis of Lon- 
donderry.—The Rev. J. Mathewson, of 
Durham, to Janet, daughter of Mr. Ewing 
of Glasgow.—Mr. J. Tuer, glass-manufac- 
turer, of Bishopwearmouth, to Mrs. J. 
Eggleston, of North Shields. 

Died.| At Newcastle, in his 85th year, 
Mr. J. Sorsbie, merchant.—Mrs. Hutebin-, 
son, 72.—Mrs. Pearson, wife of Mr. W. 
P. hardware manufacturer, 62.—Mrs. Cla- 
vering, 83, relict of the late G. C. esq. of 
Greencroft. She was kind and benevolent 
to all her domestics, and her charities to 
the poor, in whose behalfshe was solicited, 
were unremitted.—Mrs. Watson, widow 
of Mr. R. W. of the customs, 74. 

At Durham, 70, Mrs. J. Johnson. 

At Gateshead, in her 64th year, Mrs. 
King, relict of the late Rev. R. K. and 
third daughter of the late Sir F. Barnard, 
bart. She had instituted and supported a 
Sunday school, and spent inuch of her time 


in visiting and administering to the neces - 
sities of the sick and poor.—Mr. G. Taylor. 

At Sunderland, Mrs. D. Robson, mother 
of Mr. B. R. ship owner.—Mr. J. Moore, 
shoemaker, 79. 

At North Shields, Mrs. Wright, wife of 
S. W. esq. justice of peace for Northumber- 
land.—Berthia, relict of Mr. J. Robinson, 
ship owner, 76.—Mrs. Kidd, wife of Mr. 
J, K. flax-merchant, 84.—Mr. Morrison, 
taylor, 93.—Mrs. Taylor, widow, 54.— 
Mr. A. Gardner, taylor. 

At South Shields, Mr. W. Thorbeck, 80. 

At Stockton, Mr. J.Shotton, hatter, 31. 
—Mr. A. Hall, cabinet-maker, 59. 

At Bishopwearmouth, the wife of Mr. J. 
Brown, ship owner, 38. 

At Bishep Auckland, 45, Mr. J. Cum- 
min. 

At Darlington, 70, Mr. T. Hale.—Mr. 
R. Dobson, formerly a master saddler, 87. 
—Mr. S. Lister, 69. He was forty years 
a local preacher among the Methodists. 

At Tynemouth, Mr. T. Davison, school- 
master, 68. 

At Bernard Castle, Mrs. S. Cornell, wi- 
dow of Mr. Jas. C. inn-keeper. 

At Hexham, 44, Mr. J. Robinson, su- 
pervisor of Excise—The widow of Mr. 
Bell, 79. 

At Hamburgh, 61, Mr.S. Watson, for- 
merly mace-bearer, at Newcastle. 

At Heathlands, parish of Rockliffe, Jane, 
fourth daughter of the late J. Forster, esq. 
—At Usworth House, aged 50, Mrs. Pear- 
eth, relict of the late W. P. esq. 

CUMBERLAND AND WESTMORELAND. 

Marriages, christenings, and burials in 
Kendal parish church, for 1821 :—Mar- 
riages 90, decrease 10; christenings 359, 
increase 3; burials 314, decrease 42. 

Th 


In the Whitehaven Gazette it is stated 
that within the last twenty years, the coal 
belonging to the school of St. Bees, though 
leased at 31. 10s. per annuum, has produced 
the immense sum of 22,0001., or about 
11,0001 a year. The case of this charity 
is now before the court of chancery . 

A meeting has been held in Carlisle for 
obtaining a mail coach from Whitehaven 
to Kendal. Whitehaven will have a dircet 
communication with the great north roads 
should the measure be ettected. 

Married.| At Dublin, H. Skelton, esq. 
of Papeastle, in Cumberland, to Maria, 
elde-t daughter of the late W. Betty, esq. 
—At Renwick, near Penrith, after a court- 
ship of seven days, Mr. John Hood, com- 
monly known by the name of Admiral 
Hood, aged 84, to Miss Hilton, aged 18! 
—At Cockermouth, Lieut. Haggar, late of 
the 14th foot, to Miss Mackreath_—And 
Mr. Tt. Mackreath, brother to Miss M. to 
Miss Clarkson.—At Carlisle, W. F. E. 
Liardet, esq. nephew of Sir Johu Evelyn, 
bart, to Caro!iue, niece to the late Major 
Liardet, who fell at the capture of the Is- 
land of Java—At Kirkhampton, Mr. C. 
Deures, aged 82 years, to Miss A. Miller, 
aged 39.--The Rev. W. Rees, M. A. of 
Carlisle, to Caroline, youngest daughter 
of the late J. Lenthall, esq. of Burford, in 
Oxfordshire. 

Died.) At Cartisle, 79, Mrs.R.Sowerby. 
—Aged 31, Mrs. C. Miller. 

Mr. W. Johnston, 78.—In the prime of 
life, Mr. W. Huggison, cooper. 

At Kendal, 35, Mrs. A. Story.—Mrs. E. 
Doyle, 47 —Mr. R. Birkit, 69.—Miss J. 
Strong, 22, 

“At Whitehaven, 75, Mr. J. Bell —Mr. J. 
Wilson, 76. 

At Maryport, 65, Isabella, wife of Capt. 
J. Thompson. 

At Workington, 61, Mr. J. Black. 

At Penrith, R. Storey, M.D. 82. He 
was highly respected in his professional 
capacity, from his many valuable qualifi- 
cations. 

At Brampton, 82, Mr. T. Richardson, 
watch-maker. 


At Longtown, Mr. J.Bowman, miller. :~ 


At Annan, 32, W. Irving, esq. surgeon, 
of Huddersfield. 

At Drigg, advanced in years, Mr. W. 
Walker, yeoman. 

At Nunnery, near Penrith, Mrs. Bam- 
ber, relict of the late R. B. esq. 

The Rev. T. Jackson, 63, rector of 
Grasmere.—At Eaglesfield, near Cocker- 
mouth, Mr. W. Harris, manufacturer. 

At Hesket, in the forest, 69, Mrs.D. 
Rand, late of Cockbridge. She had anex- 
celleut character, and of her it may be said, 
that the memory of the just is blessed, 

At Stanwix, Mr. J. Carruthers, sen, 81, 
wellknown asan extensive dealer in horses. 


al Yorkshire. 


87 


Hehad been au innkeeper sixty years, and 
had taken out fifty-nine licences, The first 
cost him 3s. 6d. and the last 81. 1s. 

At Irthington, near Brampton, Mr T. 
Clark, school master. 

YORKSHIRE. 

Cloth has been lately manufactured from 
wool grown in New South Wales, by Mr. 
W. Hirst, of Leeds, and a specimen of it 
having been laid before the King. Sir B. 
Bloomfield has communicated to Mr. H. his 
Majesty’s acknowledgment of the atten- 
{ion, and expressing a wish to be informed 
if any additional quantity of the same 
cloth (which is highly admired for its tex- 
ture and beauty) can be procured in Eng- 
land. 

Premises have been taken for the estab- 
lishment of an Eye Dispensary in Leeds, 


_on the principles of that instituted in the 


borough of Southwark. 

A meeting was lately held at the Guild- 
hall in York, for the purpose of establish- 
ing a vagrant office, to prevent the existence 
of common lodging houses, to assist the 
deserving, and to restrain common beg- 
ging. The first resolution purported, That 
vagrancy and mendicity, with their neces- 
sary attendants, common lodging houses, 
are the fertile sources of crime, misery, and 
pauperism, and that the extent to which 
vagrancy and mendicity have of late been 
carried on calls loudly upon the community 
to unite heartily in their suppression. The 
Lord Mayor was in the chair. 

Measures are taking to form a botanical 
garden in Leeds, and a meeting has been 
held to promote the laudable design. 

Married.\ J. Butler, esq. of Skidby, to 
Miss Goundrill, daughter of D. G. esq. of 
Ryehill, in- Holderuess—Mr. J. Crosby, 
surgeon, of Hampsthwayte, to Mary, only 
daughter of the late Mr. Ingle, of Ripley.— 
In London, the Rev. J Rawson, dissent- 
ing minister, of Pontefract, to Ann, daugh- 
ter of J. Clough, esq. banker and post- 
master, of Selby —The Rev. W. Green, of 
Elvington, to Mary, eldest daughter of the 
Rey. Is. Grayson, of York.—-Mr. P. Horn- 


_by, apothecary, to Miss E. Kimber, both 


of York —At Welwick, William, eldest 
son of W. Harland, esq. of Burton Pidsea, 
to the only daughter of W. Fewson, esq.— 
At Leeds, Mr. R. Atkinson, solicitor, of 
Manchester, to Elizabeth, eldest daughter 
of Mr. T. H. Grainger, solicitor.—At Dent, 
in this county, Mr. R.: Tatham, of Burton, 
in Lonsdale, to the only dauguter of H. 
Mason, esq. 

Died.| At York, aged 30, Mr. T. Dunn- 
ing, law-stationer.—In his 58th year, Mr. 
Crosby, merchant, of a pious, benevolent, 
and liberal character.—In her 22d year, 
Eliza, youngest daughter of Mr. G, Ellis, 
wine-merchant.—The Rev R. Benson, late 
fellow-commoner of Christ College, Cam- 

bridge, 


88 


bridge—Ann, eldest daughter of S. Birs- 
tall, esq. of Hessle. 

At Hull, 24, Mr. Wilders, of the theatre. 
His benefit had been fixed for a day or two 
after his decease, and the manager appro- 
priated the receipts to the payment of his 
debts. He was a young man of talents 
and merit, and is regretted by all his fel- 
low performers, and by all who knew him. 

At Leeds, Mr. Wilby, publican, 48.— 
Mr. J. Hobson, 45.—Mr. W. T. Trant, 74. 
—Mr. J. Eastburn, cloth-drawer. His 
death was occasioned by the rupture ofa 
blood-vessel about a month before.—Mr. 
T. Jackson, formerly a patten-maker.—Mr. 
C. Simpson, formerly a wool-stapler.—Mr. 
D. Hopkins, 31, and after a few days, 
Hannah,‘ his wife, 29.—Mrs. Kilbinton, 
53, relict of the late W. K. esqg—Mr. T 
Appleyard, formerly a brewer, 73. 

At Halifax, at his sister’s house, the 
Rev. J. Phillips, D.D. vicar of Berstead, 
Sussex, 68.—Mr. J. Kitchin, hat-mauufac- 
turer—Mrs. Murgatroyd, relict of the late 
Mr. W, M. worsted-manufacturer, of Roe 
Bucks, in Warley—Suddenly, Mr. J. 
Wild. 

’ At Sheffield, 37, Mr. G. Stocks,. opti- 
cian.— Mrs. Cheney, wife of H. Cheney, 
M.D. 

At Whitby, Mrs. Clark, wife of Mr. C. 
bookseiler, 51. 

At Wakefield, in the prime of life, Mr. 
Webstei, soap-boiler. 

At Knaresborough, 77, Mrs. E. Collins, 
daughter of the late Rey. T. C. vicar. 

At Northallerton, in his 63d year, Mr. 
G. Clark, tanner. 

At Rippon, 69, Mr. T. Williamson, 
painter. His talents, as an artist, though 
not of the first order, were very respecfable. 

At Huddersfield, 26, Eliza, wife of Mr. 
J. Glover, woolstapler—Mr. G. White- 
head, chief constable. 

At Pontefract, Mr. 
of the Bull Inn. 

At Burlington, 29, Charlotte, wife of 
Mr. R. Cross, post- master. 

At Burlington Quay, 81, Mr.G. Addy. 

At Bradford, Mr. W. Wood, nursery and 
seedsman. He was a man of superior abi- 
lities in his profession, and strict integrity 
in his dealings— Mr. Nichols, wool- 
stapler, 21. 

At Beverley, in her 86th year, Mrs. War- 
dell, widow. 

At Otley, inhis 25th year, Mr. J. White- 
head, currier. 

At Thorne, at the parsonage, Sarah, wife 
of the Rey. E. Rudd, and daughter of the 
late T. Brook, esq. of York. 

At Keighley, at an advanced age, Mary 
Bradley. This cunning woman, for more 
than thirty, years had supported herself and 
husband in drinking and other excesses 
with money obtained from the ignorant, 


J. Moody, formerly 


Lancashire. 


| Feb. I, 


by ruling their planets, and telling their 
fortunes. 

Mr. T. Wilcock, 73. He was gardener 
at Thornhill Rectory, nearly half a cen- 
tury.—Mr. T. Howsman, plumber and gla- 
zier, of Hunslet. 

At Clifton, near York, 23, Margaret, 
youngest daughter of the late J. Crawshaw, 
esq. of Button Hall, near Sheffield —At 
Frystou Hall, near Ferrybridge, 49, the 
Rey.T. Lucas. He was seated with his 
family at breakfast, apparently in excel- 
lent health, when he suddenly dropped 
from his chair and expired, without a groan 
or a sigh. Mr. L. had discharged, for 
many years, the duties of domestic chap- 
lain to Mrs. Milnes, and was formerly 
minister of a Presbyterian chapel, at Mor- 
ley near Leeds.—Mr. T. Hill, of Heading - 
ley, 55, eldest son of the late T. H. esq. of 
Leeds. 

Mr. Carr, of Little Gomersall, 75. 

Mr.S. Crowther, iron-founder, of Sower- 
by Bridge, near Halifax, 64.—Mr. Braime, 
boat builder, of Methley, 80.—Miss Flem- 
ing, of Boston, near Wetherby, 74. 

At Sidmouth, where he lodged for the 
recovery of his health, the Rev. C. Hardy, 
youngest son of the late J. H. esq. of Low 
Moor, near Bradford. To the poor of 
Thorparch he had been a liberal and con- 
stant benefactor. 

At Heptonstall, the wife of Mr. J. Feani- 
side, Itinerant Methodist preacher.—At 
Armthorp, near Doncaster, 84, J. Little- 
wood, esq. 


LANCASHIRE, 


A new market has been lately opened 
in Great Charlotte-street, Liverpool. This 
magnificent structure is allowed to be the 
most complete and capacious buildine of 
the kind in Britain. It is laid out sym- 
metrically. in long and elegant rows of 
shops, stalls, shambles, &c. intersected by 
extensive walls; the whole beautifully 
flagged and perfectly adapted tothe accom- 
modation of buyers and sellers of all de- 
scriptions. 

Married.| At Toxteth Park, the Rev. J- 
Gibson, A.M. to Martha, 2d daughter of 
J. Barber, esq. of Aigburth—At Wigan, 
A. Fitzadam, esq. of Shiffnal, to the only 
daughter of J. Thompson, esq.—At Colne, 
Mr. J. Hurst, of or near Huddersfield, to 
Marianne, daughter of J. Wilson, esq. —J. 
Machel, esq. of Newby Bridge, to Rosette, 
daughter of Capt. T. Saunders, of the 
East India Company’s service.—W. Lucas, 
esq. merchant of Liverpool, to the only 
daughter of J. Hind, esq. of Everton.—Mr. 
H. Withington, merchant of Manchester, 
to Mary, daughter of S. Smith, esq. of Bel 
mont.—J. Shipley, gent. formerly of Shef- 
field, to Miss H. Johnson, of Liverpool. 

_ Died: At Lancaster, 79, Mrs. Ellen 

Wilkinson, 


1822.] 


Wilkinson, formerly of Clapham, in York- 
shiye. 

At Manchester, 37, Mr.S. Dutton, eldest 
son of Mr. D. linen merchant—Mr J. 
White, principal clerk to the proprietor of 
the Mercury and Volunteer, for nearly 30 
years.—Ann, 2d daughter of Mr. Wilson, 
grocer.—In his 37th year, Mr. J. Broad- 
bent.— Mrs. Clegg, widow of the late Mr. 
C. manufacturer, 63.—Mrs. M. Beardsley, 
of the Elephant Inn, widow, 46. 

Iu Salford, 78, Mrs. A. Crompton, relict 
of the late Mr. J. C. dyer. To the poor 
she was a benevolent protectress—Mr. J. 
ingham, 51. ‘ 

At Liverpool, in his 59th year, J. Mill, 
esq:—Mr.R.Cummins, master of the King’s 
Dock.— Mr. W. Baylis, 44.—Mr. J. Brock- 
Jebank, builder—Mr. T.- Bindloss, 42, 
clerk of the customs.—Amelia,wife of J. 
Waiker, lieut. R.N., 36.—Mrs. Curry, 63. 
Mr. R. Unsworth, soap boiler, 50.—Mary, 
relict of the late Mr. M. Stephenson, attor- 
ney, 77.—Mr. C. Shaw, painter, 28.—Mrs. 
J. Harrison, widow of the late Mr. J. H. 
corn merchant, of Mount Vernon, 54.—Mr. 
E. Gillow, painter. 

At Blackburn, 67, Mr. J. Aspden, of the 
Ship Public-house, in which he had re- 
sided 37 years.—Mr. J. Folds, jun. butcher, 
25.—At the vicarage, in his 63d year, T. 
D. Whitacre, LL.D. and F.R.S.. His clas- 
sical attainments were highly estimated, 
and his local histories of Lancashire and 
Yorkshire, evince an intimate acquaiutance 
with the domestic annals of those districts. 

At Oldham, in the prime of life, Hannah, 
wife af Mr. J. Hartley, ironmonger. 

CHESHIRE. 

Married.) At Chester, lieut. Watkis, R. 
Artillery, to Jane, 3d daughter of the late 
Rey. R. Leach, vicar of Llavsaintfraid, 
Montgomeryshire.—At Pennyminned, Isle 
of Anglesea, Mr. J. Williams, youngest 
son of W. W. esq. comptroller of the Cus- 
toms at Beaumaris, to Miss Rowlands, of 
Braint.—Mr. W. Fairclough, merchant of 
Mauchester, to Sarah, daughter of Mrs. 
Sandbach of Willow green, in this county. 

Died | At Chester, Mrs. Becket, wife 
of Mr. S. B. cheese-factor —Mrs. A. Sharp, 
89.—Mrs. Foepel— Mr. R. Lewthwayte, 
anchorsmith.—Miss E. Hope, 17.—Mr. W. 
Roberts, 83.—Miss Haywood, 43. 

At Macclesfield, Mr. G. Avery. 

Penelope, wife of J. Jones, esq. of Llee- 
win Onn, Denbighshire—Mr. W. E. Un- 
derhill, eldest son of Mr. U. of Eaton Mas- 
cott, near Sa'op.—In his 28th year, Mr. D. 
J. Charles, only surviving son of the late 
Rey. T.C. B.A. of Bala, Merionethshire. — 
At Salop, M. Hamer, wife of the Rey. J. 
H. rector of Bangor, in Carnarvonshire.— 
Aged 56, Mr. J. Irlam, of the Ship Inn, at 
irlam, near Warrington.—Mr. Hilditch, of 
Smallwood, 74—Mrs. Bennett, wife of E. 
B. esq. of Parkgate, formerly of Liverpool. 

MONTHLY Maa. No. 364. 


Cheshire. —Nottinghamshire. 


fd 


89 


DERBYSHIRE. 

Married.) At Derby, Mr. Day, to the 
only daughter of the late Mr. W. Walker. 
—Mr. Hill, of Hanley, Staffordshire, to 
Miss E. Bryer, 2d daughter of Mr. B. of 
Markeston Park, near Derby.—Mr. J. Un- 
win, to Miss Parsons, eldest daughter of 
the Rey. J. P. rector of Carsington. 

Died.) At Derby, on a visit to his 
friends, 55, Mr. Tf. Ford, of Chesterfield. 

At Ashbourne. 25, George, eldest son of 
M. Pilkington, esq. of Ashby-de-la-Zouch. 

G. Barker, esq. of Darley-hall, 69. 

Mr. J. Newton, of Clow. , near Chester- 
field. As a neighbour and friend, his 
hand was ever ready to assist. 

Miss Bradshaw, of Denby, daughter of 
the late G. B. gent. of Makeney. 

At Foulbrook Farm, near Derby, 80, Mr. 
Greatrex, well known for many years tothe 
sporting world.— At Stapenhill, in his 57th 
year, J. Peel, esq. late of Bowes Farm, 
Middlesex. 

NOTTINGHAMSHIRE. 

Married.| At Nottingham, P. Wright, 
esq. of the 7th Dragoon Guards, to Mary, 
only daughter of the late B. Drawater, esq. 
of Mansfield.—At Clifton, Mr. E. Hallam, 
jun.an opulent farmer, to Miss E Shaw, of 
Ruddington.—The Rey. H. Evans, curate 
of Eastwood, to Sarah, daughter of the 
late T. Walker, esq. 

Died.| At Nottingham, 45, Mrs Raynor, 
wife of Mr. R. druggist —Mrs. Palethorp, 
64.—Mrs. Lee, 33.—Miss Maryanne Coxe, 
18.—Mrs. Bunting, many years a nurse in 
the town and neighbourhood.—Mrs. A. 
Orme, 30.—Mrs. Gawthern, relict of the 
late F.G. esq. 64.—Mrs. Millard, 38.—Mrs. 
Sadler, 55. 

At Newark, 61, Mr. J. Lawton, of the 
Kingston’s Arms.—In his 100th year, Mr. 
Edward Nail.—Mrs. Capern, widow, 68. 

At Mansfield, Mrs. Milliott, widow. 

At Ollerton, 75, J. Swan, esq. an eminent 
medical practitioner. : 
At New Basford, 47, Mr. W. Gleddel, jun. 

LINCOLNSHIRE, 

Married.| 8. Atkinson, esq. of Lincoln’s 
Tnn, to Eliza, eldest daughter of the late 
Mr.R. Wood, surgeon, of Barton.—Mr. C. 
Swan, of Grantham, to Sarah, 2d daughter 
of Mr. H. Brown, of Melton Mowbray:-— 
At Grantham, Mr. King, of Melton Mow- 
bray. to Miss Turner, daughter of the late 
Mr. T. Banker.—At Barrow, Mr. W. Gry, 
solicitor of Barton, to Miss A. Morris, 

Died.) At Lincoln, 77, Mr. J. Scott. 
Though possessed of a handsome property, 
he kept no servant, nor any companion in 
his house, except Sancho, his faithful 
pointer. Notwithstanding certain oddities, 
he was of a cheerfal and friendly disposi- 
tion, and spent much of his time in’convi- 
vial parties. Mr.S. wasa member of the 
Witham Lodge, (Free Masons) and had 
been many years Provincial Grand Arcbi- 

M teot 


50 


tect for this county, He was a worthy 
character, and his remaiis were interred 
with masonic honours, a large number of 
brethren of Lincoln and the neighbour- 
hood, and a numerous assemblage of other 
friends attending the funeral. Mr. T. 
Beckwith, 82, father of the Rey. T F.B. 


_ vicar of East Retford. 


At Gainsborough, 19, Mr. J Higgins, 
son of Mr. H. manager of some provincial 
theatres, who died afew weeksago. Also 

the Rev. J. Fothergill, vicar, prebend of 
Corringham, &c. ; 

At Huntingdon, on his return from Lon- 
don, 57, the Rev. J. B. Sharp, of Stamford, 
rector of Martin, near Horucastle. 

At Louth, 42, S. H. Inett, esq. 

In bis 76th year, the Rev. G. Holwell, 
B.D. vicar of Rigby in this county and rec- 
tor of Ripley in Yorkshire. The Rev. R. 
Benson, A.M. for forty years vicar of Heck- 
ington.—Ann, eldest daughter of Mr. J. 
Reckerby, an opulent grazier of Holbeach 
Marsh. 

LEICESTER AND RUTLAND. 

A general meeting has been called of the 

inhabitants of Leicester, to consider of the 
best means of enlightening the inhabitants 
and amending their ways. Of the neces- 
sity of these measures several speakers in 
a select meeting declared their thorough 
eonviction, but others, though agreeing to 
the necessity, thought the task impiac- 
ticable. Aneffort, however, will we hope 
be made, and we shall be happy to report 
from time to time onthe results. 
_ Married.) At Leicester, Mr. G. Beale 
of Ullesthorp, to Miss E. Jarvis.—Mr., 
Chamberlain, to Miss Gamble, of Lowesby. 
—Mr. R. Hawley, farmer and grazier, of 
Oakham, to Miss A. Girton, late of Shel- 
ford, in this county —At Stathern, Mr. A. 
Shipman, of Eaton Lodge, to Miss M. 
Hilton. 

Died.| At Leicester, the wife of R. Teb- 
butt.—Mr. S. W. Morgan, clerk in the 
Law Offices of Messrs. Miles and Co.— 
Mrs. A. Gibson, late of the Green Dragon 
Inn, 73. 

At Ashby-de-la-Zouch, Mr. W. Rozzel, 
eldest son of the late Mr. W. R. Master of 
St. Martin’s School in Leicester. 
sessed talents more than adequate to the 
appointments he sustained. He was second 
master of the Free Grammar School. 

At Loughborough, Mr. P. Chaplin, for- 
merly a publican.—The wife of Mr. Sation, 
taylor. 

At Market Harborough, Mrs. Foster, 
68.—Mrs. Ingram, widow, 71.—Mirs. Fit- 
ton, 52.—Mrs. Waterfield, of the Hind Inn, 
72.—M rs. Goodman, 82. 

At Uppingham, Mr. Gamble, sen. 

At Lutterworth, Mr. Bottril, printer and 
bookseller. 

At Hinckley, 73, Mr. J. Neale. 


‘ a ge 


Leicester—W arwickshire. 


He pos- 


(Feb. 1, 


At Kegworth, C. Hayes, esq. of Liver- 
pool. On opening the corpse, a quantity 
of coagulated blood was found in the brain. 
He had been adicted to the pastime of 

jumping iu his juvenile days, and his com- 
plaint which was somewhat problematical 
was inferred to this. His health had long 
been in a declining state. 

In his 57th year, Mr. J. Rawson, of 
Wimeswould. — At Hugglescote Grange, 
83, Mrs. Bainbrigge, relict of the late W.B. 
esq—Mary, wife of W, Wood, gent. of 
Swinford. 

At Staunton Wyyill, at his father’s 
house, 35, Mr. Dunmore; described as a 
young man of great virtue and talents. 

STAFFORDSHIRE. 

Married.| At Wolverhampton, Mr. J. 
Scott, of Rugelay, to Miss S. Aldritt, of 
Bilstone—Mr. N. Turner, methodist mis- 
sionary (intended) to New Zealand, to Miss 
Sargent, of Etruria. 

Died.) At Stafford, 74, Mrs. S.Smith. 

At Litchfield, suddenly, M. J. Bond, sen. 

At Burton upon Trent, in his 21st year, 
Mr. G. Parrott, 4th son of Mr. J. P. solici- 
tor, late of Wolverhampton. 

At Wolverhampton, 61, Margaret, wife of 
Mr. R. Fenn, coachmaker.— Mr. W. 
Fletcher, 34.—Mrs. L. Morris, 50.—In his 
44th year, J. Weeldon, esq.a kind and libe- 
ral benefactor to the poor. 

At Wednesbury, 74, Mrs. Hawe, widow. 

At Uttoxeter, in his 71st year, of short 
but violent spasms, the Rey. S. Chester. 

At Leek, Mr.. W. Sutton, silk manufac- 
turer. 

At Wood Farm, near Newcastle, 34, Mrs. 
Cordwell. 

At Maple Hayes, near Litchfield, Mari- 
anne, wife of C. D. Broughton, esq. 

WARWICKSHIRE. 

At a late meeting of land owners and 
occupiers, at Warwick, a petition to Par- 
liament for protecting duties, &c. was 
unanimously agreed to. 

The chapel at Atherstone has been lately 
enlarged and a spacious gallery erected, 
by whichthe poor, who had no other ac- 
commodation than what the aisles afforded, 
are now provided with three hundred-free 
sittings. 

Married | The Rev.J,Chambers, curate 
of Willoughby, to Eliza, eldest daughter 
of Mr. Chambers. of Milcote, near Strat- 
ford upon Avon.—At Dursley, Mr. E. 
Smith, of the Royal College of Surgeone, 
to Elizabeth, youngest daughter of Mr. 
Player.—The Rev. G. P. Harper, curate of 
West Bromwich, to S. Isabella, 3d daughter 
of the late W. Paul, esq. of Bole Hall, 
near Tamworth. 4 

Died.| At. Warwick, in his 43d year, 
Mr. C. Baly, of the Wool-pack Inn. 

At Birmingham, in her 49th year, Mary, 
wife of Mr. W. Ashford.—Mr.J. Plumb.— 

Mrs. 


1822.] 


Mrs. M. Turner.—Mrs. Coxe, 73.—In her 
20th year, Mrs. E. Tarlington,—Susannah, 
wife of Mr. Chapman, organist of St. Mar- 
tin’s. 

At West Bromwich, 78, Mrs. Lewty, 
widow. 

At Alcester, 70,J. Brandish, esq.surgeon 
in ordinary to the Duke of Sussex.— Maria, 
wife of Mr. G. Bill, jun. of the Sand Pits, 38. 

At Henley in Arden, in his 69th year, 
Mr. T. Wallington, quarter-master of the 
yeomanry cayalry.—At Brierley Hill, near 
Dudley, 57, Mr. I. Taylor, builder. 

Noy. 22, at her father’s house in Phila- 
delphia, the wife of Mr. S. Walker, mer- 
chant of Birmingham —!. Lowe, esq. of 
Bordesley, near Birmingham. 

SHROPSHIRE. 

Married.| At Easthope, J. Kaye, esq. to 
Miss E. Aines.—At Bishop’s Castle, Mr. J. 
Randles, of Knighton, to Elizabeth, eldest 
daughter of Mr. G. Barrett —At,Ludlow, 
R. Gibson, esq. surgeon, of Madras, to 
Hannah, daughter of the late E. Acton, esq. 

Died.) At Shrewsbury, 53, Mr. Stevens, 
shoemaker.—Mr. J. Jordan, of the Unicorn 
Snn.—Mrs. Jones, widow, 66. 

At Bridgnorth, in her 87th year, Mrs. M. 
Bree. 

At Oswestry, R. Irlam, esq. 74.— 
Thomas, eldest son of T. Hilditch, esq. 17. 
—Miss Hughes, 25. 

At Church Stretton, in his 84th year, Mr, 
Bridgman, tanner. 

_ At Marlow, near Ludlow, Mrs. Cowdel!, 
mother of the Rev. H. C. curate of Lint- 
wardine. 

At Shiffnal, 30, Miss E. Lovatt. 

Mary, wife of R. Smith, esq. of Shares 
Hill. 

At Bishop’s Castle, Mr. J. Bower, maltster. 
WORCESTERSHIRE. 

Great damage has been sustained in the 
vales, by the floods sweeping away live 
and dead stock, and in some parts the 
dwellings of the Inbabifants. Letting 
water off the lands has been the general 
operation throughout numberless districts, 
in this and the adjacent counties. The 
number of destructive floods in almost 
every part of the country, and of ship- 
wrecks on the coast, is truly lamentable. 

Married.) Mr. E. Tyrer, jun. of Wor- 
cester, to the only daughter of R. Watkins. 
esq. late of Aberystwith—Mr. T. Lewis, 
of Worcester, to Ann, 2d daughter of Mr. 
Young, of Begbrook Hill, Oxon. 

Died.) At Worcester, in his 63d year, 
Mr. J. Saunders —G. G. Bolstrode, esq. 77. 

At Great Malvern, 63, after thirteen 
months of unparalleled suffering, Sir Jona- 
than Cope, bart. uncle to the Duchess of 
Dorset. 

Iu Liverpool, Mrs. S. Smith, widow, 74, 
late of Redditch in this county. 

T. Barnes, esq. of Holdfast House, near 


Shropshire— Monmouth. ie 


Upton-upon-Severn, 83.—At Higham Park 
Lodge, in his 69th year, Mr. J. Jenkins, 
gamekeeper to Sir B. W. Guise, bart. 
During forty years, he retained the confi- 
dence of his employer, and the good will 
and esteem of others. 

Aged, 66, J. Berrow, esq. of Bourn Park, 
neur Upton-upon-Severn. 

HEREFORDSHIRE. 

The silver tankard and a hogshead of 
eyder, purchased by a subscription of 
one shilling each, from the freeholders and 
yeomen of this county, were presented, 
Dec. 7. to Joseph Hume, esq. M.P. iu grate- 
fulacknowledgment of his recent public 
services. 

Married.| ©. Harwood, esq. of Stour- 
bridge, to Ann, daughter of the late E. 
Moxam,.esy. of Bromyard.—At Kentches- 
ter, John, 2d son of W. Reynolds, esq. of 
St. Mary Hill, London, to Jane, eldest 
daughter of J. Hardwick, esq. of the Wear, 
in this county. 

Died.| At Herefore, in his 79th year, 
Mr. B. Farmer, gun-maker. 

At Newport, in his 44th year, T. Foley, 
esq.son ofthe late Hon. A. Foley, M.P. for 
Droitwich and this county. 

At Leominster, in his 56th year, J. Tudor, 
esq. a member of the corporation. 

At Allensmore, near Hereford, in the 
120th year of hisage, Thomas Gilbert. 

At the Wittern, Abigail, wife of the Rey. 
W. Domville, rector of Winforton,—In the 
East Iadies, in his 22d year, Lieut. J. G. 
Hannington, youngest son of the Rev. Dr. 
H. of Hampton Bishop, in this county. — 
At Hampton, Dr. Hannington, father of the 
last mentioned, and prebend of Hereford 
Cathedral. Tothe erudition of the scholar, 
he united the manners of the gentleman, 
and the benevolent, endearing amenities of 
social intercourse, 

GLOUCESTER AND MONMOUTH. 

Mr. Hume, passing through Gloucester, 
Dec. 15th, the mayor and a deputation of 
lis brethren, presented him with the 
freedom of the city, beautifully engrossed 
on parchment. This was in acknowledg- 
ment of the high sense which the corpora- 
tion entertain of his public services. 

Married.| Mr. Marling. of Woodchester, 
to Miss Farlan, of Stroud —Mr. A. Jones, 
of Bristol, to Sarah, 2d daughter of W. 
Joyner, esq. of Olveston. 

Died.) At Gloucester, 58, Mr. W. 
Wood, maljtster. 

At Cirencester, 74, Esther, wife of Mr. 
S. Bowley —Aged 29, John, 2d son of 
Mr. R. Haviland, distiller—In her 22d, 
year, Miss Date, eldest daughter of Mr. D. 
of the King’s Head Inn. 

At Bristol, 57, Mr. J. Gviffiths, late 
sergeant major of the Bristol volunteers, 
—Mrs. E. Foley, wife of Mr. C. F. currier. 
—In her 75th year, Mrs. A. Greenaway, 

widow, 


92 


widow, late of Downend—Aged 91, Mr. 
Joseph Pearce ; he was a methodist 70 
years, and the only surviving one in the 
eity of the first establishment—Mr. T. 
Webb, maker of gauging instraments.— 
Aged 21, Peregrine, eldest son of the late 
N. Stockdale, esq. of Drimpton, Dorset. 

At Painswick, 67, Sarah, relict of the 
late Mr. T. Hogg, whose kindness of 
heart, together with her steady aud suc- 
cessful exertions, during a long period of 
widowhood, to promote the welfare of a 
numerous family, entitle her to be remem- 
bered, with grateful affection, by a large 
circle of relatives and friends. 

OXFORDSHIRE. 

Married.| On the third of December, 
at Charles Town, South Carolina, J. M. 
Matheson, esq. to Mary, youngest daughter 
of Mrs. Field, late of Holywell, in Oxford. 
—At Oxford, Mr. J. Davenport, jun. to 
‘Anne, 2d daughter of Mrs. Carter.—At 
Cassington, Mr. W. Kerwood, to Miss 
Hales—W. White, esq. of Tavistock- 
square, London, to the only daughter of 
J. Bull, esq. of Oxford. 

Died.] At Oxford, the Rey. T. Hodson, 
D.D. Principal of Brazenose College, 
Regius Professor of Divinity, &c.—Miss 
Williams, stationer, 43.—In her 23d year, 
Charlotte, only daughter of Mr. Randall, 
livery stable-keeper.—Sarah, wife of Mr. 
W. Morris.—James, second son of Mr. 
Gardiner, city marshal, 18.—Mr. H. 
Tash, many years master of the Three 
Goats inn.—Eliza, eldest daughter of Mrs. 
Buckland, 23. 

At Banbury, 63, C. Wyatt, esq. formerly 
an eminent banker. 

At Bicester, 55, Mrs. M. Jones, of the 
Cross Keys inn. 

The Rey. Mr. Faulkner, vicar of Ded- 
dington.—In her 84th year, Mrs. Clark, 
wife of Mr. R. C. brewer, of Ambrosden. 

BUCKINGHAM AND BERKSHIRE, 

The elegant little church, building at 
Theale, near Windsor, will shortly be 
ready for the reception of the inhabitants. 
Mr. Garbett is the architect. 

Married.| At High Wycombe, the Rev. 
T. Boys, to Miss Somers —W. Sykes, esq. 
only brother of Sir F. S. of Basildon Park, 
Berks, to Miss Gattery, of Exeter —The 
Rey. S. Sherman, of Reading, to Mary, 
daughter of H. R. Grant, esq. of Bristol. 

Died.| At Reading, J. Bickham, esq. 

At Buckingham, suddenly, Mr. B. Kir- 
by, baker. 

At Windsor, in his 69th year, Mr. Is. 
Silcock, surgeon.—At Newport Pagnell, 
in her 78th year, Mary, wite of Mr. G. 
Knibb. 

At West Wycomb, 20, Elizabeth, daugh- 
ter of Mr. Rawlinson. 

At Cambridge, in his 23d year, C. C. 
Risley, esq. of St. John’s College, and se- 


Oufordshire—Northamptonshire. 


[Feb. 1, 


cond son of the Rev. J. R. of Tingewick, 
Bucks. 

Elizabeth, wife of A. Bacon, esq. of 
Benham, Bucks. 

HERTFORDSHIRE AND BEDFORDSHIRE. 

Married.| The Rev. R. Cecil, of Har- 
penden, Herts, to Miss Goodrick, niece to 
the Rey. J. Gilbert, of Hull.—At Turvey, 
Mr. G. Hitchcock, hosier, of Leicester, to 
Letitia, seventh daughter of T. Pinkard, 
gent.—Mr. T. Fellows, of Rickmansworth, 
to Mary, daughter of the late T. Howard, 
esq. of Batchworth Heath House. 

Died.| At Bedford, C. Webb, esq. al- 
derman. 

At Hitchin, Mr. Sams, collar-maker. 
Striking the table with great force in wa- 
gering an assertion, and rising to take out 
the money, he fell back into his seat and 
instantly expired. 

Aged 74, the Rev. S. R. Weston, D.D: 
rector of Therfield, near Royston, anda 
prebend of St. Paul’s Cathedral.—At Pot- 
ton, 80, at the end of a long frolic, W- 
Livett, gent. an eccentric character, of 
much native humour, and many natural 
capabilities. 

NORTHAMPTONSHIRE. 

The Roman remains (a payement and 
other curiosities) lately excavated at Cais- 
tor, near Peterborough, are found, on exa- 
mination, to exceed any thing previously 
discovered, in point of extent, beauty, and 
antiquarian value. The ground on whick 
the digging commenced is near the chureh, 
and forms part of the premises and free- 
hold of Mr. Wright. 

Married.| At Clipstone, Major W. Faw- 
cett, grandson of the late General Sir Wm. 
F. to C. A. Knox, eldest daughter of H. 
Coleman, esq. and widow of the late W. 
K. esq. of Carlton Hall, Leicestershire-— 
In London, Mr. Z. Stephens, of Emping- 
ham in Rutland, to Miss E. Berridge, late 
of Peterborough.—E. Faux, esq. of Thorn- 
by Lodge, to Miss C. Mousley, of Barton- 
under-Needwood.—W. L. Bicknell, esq. of 
Lincoln’s Inn, to Louisa, daughter of the 
Rey. J. Lloyd, of Barnack, in this county. 
—Mr. T. Goffe, farmer and grazier, of 
Kings Sutton, to Miss S. Spencer, of Ad- 
derbury, Oxon. 

Died.} At Northampton, in his 63d 
year, W. Paine, gent. 

At Oundle, 76, Mr. T. Adson, wateh- 
maker, but retired from business. He had 
been many years an inhabitant, and was 
eccentric in his mode of living and cha- 
racter. 

In his 45th year, Mr. R. Rudd, second 
son of the late Mr. R. of Hardingstone, 
near Northampton. ‘ 

CAMBRIDGE AND HUNTINGDON. 

Complaints are made that in the Town 
Jail at Cambridge, there is neither chapel 
nor chaplain, nor any to give religious 

instruction, 


1282. | 


instruction. What are we to think of this 
in a place nearly full of theologians ? 

Married.) At Bishop’s Stortford, W. 
Gee, esq. solicitor, to Harriett, youngest 
daughter of Mrs. Norris—At March Mr. 
W. Goldin, farmer and grazier, to Miss 
Bull, of Grandford farm.—Mr. J. Angood, 
to Miss R. Darby, both of Chatteris. 

Died.| At Cambridge, 27, Mr. H. Bur- 
bage, cooper.—Mr. J. Barker, hosier, 60. 
—Mr. E. Shippey, haberdasher 43.—In 
her 73d year, Mrs: G. Didingham, relict 
of the late B. G. D. esq. She was a 
Howard, a branch of which noble family 
settled at Brockdish Hall, in Norfolk, in 
the reign of Henry IV. and continued there 
for many generations. 

At Newmarket, 68, Mrs. Kent, widow, 
of Mr. B. K. painter. 

- At Wisbeach, Hannah, second daughter 
of A. Frazer, M.D. 

At Caxton, while on a visit to his son, 
Mr. J. Sitdown, of Huntingdon, 60. 

At Alconbury, 62, the Rev. Mr. Wil- 
liams. 

NORFOLK. 

At the late county meeting, anumber of 
resolutions, exposing the defective and 
corrupt state of the representation, were 
passed unanimously. “Lord Albemarle, Sir 
Jacob Astley, Mr. Coke, Mr. Taylor, and 
Mr. Thurtell, were the principal speakers. 
The first resolution purported, That the 
present depressed state of agriculture must 
speedily lead to the utter ruin of occupiers, 
&e: unless effectual measures be adopted 
by parliament, to arrest its destructive 
progress. 

_At the Harleston Agricultural Associa- 
tion, the following resolution was unani- 
mously adopted, that “ a more laboured, 
confused, contradictory, and unsatisfac- 
tory production than the Report of the Se- 
lect Committee, never came under their 
notice.” 

Married.\ At Standford, the Rev. Wm. 
Knox, son of the Bishop of Derry, to 
Louisa, second daughter of Sir J. Robin- 
son, bart. of Buckenham House.—At Nor- 
wich, Mr. Thompson, to Miss Love, daugh- 
ter of the late Rev. Mr. L. of Yarmouth.— 
Mr. Ferriby, surgeon, of Swaffham, to 
Miss Kirble, eldest daughter of the late 
Mr. K. of Lexham. 

Died.) At Norwich, in her 24th year, 
Amelia, wife of Mr. H. Gridley, solicitor. 

At Lynn, Mr. W. Clack, ship-master.— 
Mrs. Massingham.—The wife of Mr.Curry, 
ship-master. 

At Aylsham, in her 45th year, Mrs. 
Weaver, of the Red Lion Inn. 

At Wymondham, in his 37th year, the 
Rey. J. Abbot, minister of the Independent 
Congregation. 

At Attleborough, 80, Mrs. M. King.— 
Mrs. E. Sewell, of the Griffin Inn. 

At Loddon, Mrs. F, Poynter, 70. 


Norfolk—Essex. 


93 


At Stanhoe, in his 63d year, Mr. W. 
Wright, farmer. 

At Southtown, Mr. Love, late a surgeon 
at East Dereham. 

At Tombland, 18, the second son of Mr. 
J. Geldart, jun. wine-merchant. 

SUFFOLK. 

A correspondent of the Bury Post re- 
commends the following method to destroy 
slugs upon wheat :—Collect a number of 
lean ducks; keep them all day without 
food, and turn them into the fields towards 
evening ; each duck would devour the 
slugs much faster than a man could collect 
them, and they would soon get very fat for 
market. 

Married.| J. W. Toosey, esq. of the civil 
service, in India, to Mary, eldest daugh- 
ter of W. Deane, esq. of Alton Hall—Capt. 
May, of the King’s packet, Charlotte, of 
Harwich, to Mrs. Randall, widow, late of 
Ipswich. 

Died.| At Bury, 98, Mrs. Norman.— 
Suddenly, while sitting in her chair, Mrs. 
Johuson, shopkeeper —Mr. W. Lomax, 63. 
He had been grave-digger in the town 36 
years, and still longer a morrice dancer at 
the borough elections. 

At Ipswich, 76, Mrs. Rowland, widow 
of Mr. R. parish clerk of St. Mary Key.— 
The Rey. T. Bolton, perpetual curate of 
St. Mary Key, &c.—Frances, relict of A. 
Wood, esq. of Landguard Fort. 

At Sudbury, 37, Mr. H. Hayward. 

June 22d, at Chupra, in Bengal, in his 
22d year, W. H. Smith, esq. of the civil 
service, eldest son of N. H. S. esq. of Deer- 
bolts, in this county. 

At Bildeston, Mr. Makin, shop-keeper. 

At Yoxford, B. Whitney, esq. steward 
to Lady Sparrow, of Brampton Park, near 
Huntingdon. 

At Melton, Ann, wife of Lieut. Col. 
White, of the East Suffolk militia. 

The Rev. W. Cross, rector of Hales- 
worth, &e. 

Mr. W. Horrox, boot-maker, of Tim- 
worth.—Mr. Shave, sen. farmer, of West 
Thorp. 

At Lavenham, 18, Susan, youngest 
daughter of Mr. G. East. 

At Kessingland, in his 63d year, Mr. T. 
Cunningham, farmer. 

ESSEX. 

The new church at Harwich is consider- 
ed as superior in beauty to any in the 
county. T.Cobbold, esq. has presented a 
service of communion plate. J. Hopkins, 
esq. has presented three stained glass win- 
dows for the chancel, tastefully executed, 
by Mr. Brookes, of London ; all surrounded 
by borders and arches of curious design. 

Married.| Mr. H. Firmin, solicitor, of 
Dedham, to Frances, only daughter of J. 
Pulham, esq. of Woodbridge —Mr. T. H. 
Maberley, of Colchester, to Catherine, 
youngest daughter of Mr. J. Strutt, of Little 

Waldringfield, 


94 


Waldringfield—W. Hewett, esq. RN to 
Miss Stevens, daughter of P. S. esq . of 
Harwich. 

Died. At Chelmsford, Mrs. Ambrose» 
relict of the late Mr. J. A. organist.—Mr. 
W. Smith. 

At Colchester, in his 37th year, Mr. N. 
Hedge, jeweller. 

At Harwich, 35, Mr. J. Deex, plumber 
and glazier, A father and mother, a sister 
and brother all died in this family within 
the last twelye months. 

Tn his 67th year, Mr. W. Lilly, miller, of 
Debenham. : 

At Saffron Walden, in his 66th year, Mr. 
J. Rickard, farmer and maltster. 

At Witham, after an illness of a few 
hours, the very Rey.J. Jefferson, Archdea- 
con of Colchester, Vicar of Witham, &c. 
He was au able defender of the church, a 
firm friend of the laws, as a magistrate, a 
kind mediator in cases which udmitted of 
amicable adjustment, and a warm advocate 
of charitable and useful works. To him 
Colchester is indebted for an asylum for 
the afflicted poor. 

KENT. 

At amecting of Agriculturists for the 
western division of this county, held at 
Maidstone, a petition to the House of Com- 
mons was unanimously carried, purporting 
among other representations, that ‘‘ they 
had entertained the most sanguine hopes 
of relief from the Select Committee, &c. but 
had been grievously disappointed. 

A petition, similar in its object, was 
agreed to at the East Kent Agricultural 
Association, at Canterbury, Dec. 29. 

Married.) At Hawkhurst, Mr. T. Reeves, 
tothe youngest daughter of IT. Barrow, 
esq.—At Chatham, Dr. W. Lamert to Miss 
M. Allen—At Dover, E. Lynn, esq. of 
Greenwich Hospital, to Martha, eldest 
daughter of Mr. W. Hedgecock, shipbuild- 
er.—T. D. Stewart, of Saudwich, lieut. 
R.N, to Elizabeth, 3d daughter of G. Palli- 
ser, esq. of Vache Park, Bucks. 

Died.] At Canterbury, in his 40th year, 
Mr. J. Tevelain, publican.—Mrs. Decau- 
four, wife of D. D. esq. 52.—Mr. C. Lepine, 
eabinet maker and a lay clerk of the cathe- 
dral. 

At Maidstone, 27, Miss E. Ruck.— 
Rachel, youngest daughter of the late 
Lieut. W. Elliott, R.N—R. Mathews, 76, 
who for a trifling debt, had been iucarce- 
rated in the county jail upwards of twelve 
years.—Miss A. Rachel, 21. 

At Tunbridge, 63, Miss Wise, a maiden 
lady. 

At Ramsgate, 86, Mr. R. Stock, formerly 
of Canterbury.—Mrs. E. Cublen, 52.— 
Mr. Bugden, 74.—Mr. Cull, sen. 86. 

At Chatham, Mrs. Ladd—W. S. only 
son of W. Jeffreys, esq. solicitor, 21.—J 
Slade, esq. Chief Clerk in the Pay-office in 
Chatham Dock-yard. He haying be- 


Kent—Hampshire. 


| Feb. i? 


come backward in making up his accounts, 
and being in arrears to a large amount, an 
order was sent to Commissioner Sir Robert 
Barlow to inspect his accounts. On this 
gentleman acquainting Mr. §. with his 
business, the latter opened his desk, and 
pointing to several bags, said they con- 
tained the sums due On Sir Robert’s pro- 
ceeding to count their contents, Mr.S. left 
the room, and in a few minutes afterwards, 
was found in an adjoining stable, weltering 
in his blood and lifeless, having shot him- 
self through the heart. The greater part 
of the bags contained only silver, instead 
of gold. The deceased was nearly sixty 
years of age, and has left a family of seven 
sons and daughters. 
. SUSSEX. 

At the late meeting of agriculturists, af 
Battle, after able speeches from Mr. Cur- 
tis and others, it was noticed that Mr. 
Cobbett was present, and he was invited to 
take the top of the second table at dinner. 
His health was cheered, while that of the 
king and others were drunk, without any 
such token of respect. Mr. Cobbett treated 
the subject of distress with much freedom, 
and the tenor of his arguments was much 
admired. The Earl of Ashburnham pre- 
sided at the meeting. 

Married.) At Brighton, the Rev. Dr. 
Styles, to Sophia, 2d daughter of the late 
J. L. Colville, esq. of Parliament-street, 
Wesiminster—At Chichester, Mr. H. Wilt- 
shire to Miss L. Brown.—T. Yates, M.D. of 
Brighton, to Olive, widow of the late F.C. 
strect, esq.—T. Dewdney, esq. of Ditching, 
to Miss S. Davies. of Chepstow, Monmouth, 

Died.| At Chichester, 52, Mr.-T. Martin. 

At Lewes, in her 39th year, Lucy, wife 
of W. Payne, esq. surgeon.—Mr. R. Wil- 
liams, of the Pelham Arms Inn. 

At Brighton, suddenly, R. F. Wykeham, 
esq. of Old Windsor—Susannah, wife of 
the Rev. H. Dodwell, of Maidenhead. 

At Hastings, aged 20, Diana, wife of Col. 
J. Elphinstone, and only child of C. Claver- 
ing,esq. of Riddleham Hope, Northumb. 

At Battle, Mr. P. Willard, solicitor, 40. 

At Winchelsea, the Rev. D. Hollingbury, 
rector and chancellor of the Diocese of 
Chichester. 

At East Grinstead, 70, Mr. T. Palmer, 
postmaster, : 

HAMPSHIRE. 

Married.| At Southampton, R. B. Edy- 
yean, esq. to Mary E. eldest daughter of 
the late R. Boor, esq.—At Ealing, in this 
county, Capt. R. Aitchinson, R.N. to Eliza, 
daughter of the late M. Munro, esq. of the 
Island of Grenada.—At Lyndhurst, the 


“Rey. C. W. Wodehouse, to Lady Jane Hay. 


Died.] At Winchester, Mrs. Williamson, 
relict of the late Rev. Mr. W. rector of 
Basingstoke—W. Drewitt, esq. alderman. 
—Elizabeth, eldest daughter of the late J. 
Crowcher, esq. of Denswerth, Sussex.— 

Mr. 


1822. ] 


Mr. J. Roblin, late master of the White 
Hart Inn, and one of the regarders of the 
New Forest, 58. 

At Gosport, 69, Capt. G. Morey, R.N. 

At Titchfield, J. Boys, esq. 81. 

At Fareham, Mr. J. Merrett, auctioneer. 

At West Cowes, Miss S. Read, of Fryern 
Court, 23. 

At Kingston, near Portsmouth, Mr. 
O'Byrne, late surgeon, R.N. 

At Bullingdon, Mrs. Hawker, relict of 
the late Rey. G.R. H. of Wareham. 

WILTSHIRE. 

Married.) Mr. C. Thick, architect, of 
Warminster, to Charlotte, daughter of Mr. 
R. Bird, timber merchant, of King’s Stan- 
ley, Gloucestershire. 

Died.| At Salisbury, 86, Mr. C. Othen, 
wine and spirit merchant. 

At Devizes, Susannah, wife of Dr. Head- 
ley. 
At Melksham Spa, Mrs. Sherry, mother 
of Mr. J.H.S. solicitor, of West Lambrook, 
Somerset.— At Harnam, near Salisbury, 81, 
Mrs. Lawrence, mother of Mr. L. wine- 
merchant, of Blandford. 

SOMERSETSHIRE. 

The late floods at Frome were higher 
than any that have been known in that 
town for nearly 60 years. The damage 
sustained amounts to several thousand 
pounds. 

The Bath and West of England Agricul- 
tural Society, eld their annual meeting on 
the 17th of December. Addresses to Par- 
liament are agreed upon, calling their at- 
tention to the present deplorable state of 
the landed interests throughout the coun- 
try. 

A meeting was held at Taunton, on the 
16th of January, to petition Parliament on 
the relief of the agriculturists. Dr. King- 
lake, in a short but animated speech, as- 
evibed the present distresses :f the coun- 
try, as ** the inevitable consequences of a 
war and funding system of government, 
that sooner or later must drain the wealth, 
and involve in pauperism any country, 
however rich in fits native industry, and in 
its various national resources; and said 
he considered Parliamentary reform, re- 
trenchment and economy, tlie only reme- 
dies for the existing distress.” Mr. Easton, 
an eminent surveyor, stated that ‘+ unless 
some remedy could be discovered, 590,000 
of the most useful class must be ruined.” 
Mr. E. also recommended the “ reduction 
of rents and taxes.” ‘The petition was 
ultimately resolved on. 

Married.| Bedel Stanford, esq. of Carn 
Cottage, Ireland, to Miss Gale, of Angas- 
leigh.— At Blagdon, N. Y. Warren, esq. to 
Miss Dean, of that:place—At Yeovil, Mr. 
John Gale, of Market Lavington, to Miss 
Ball, of Wells.—Mr. R. Andrews, of Ched- 
dar, to Miss A. Hann.—Mr. G. Thomas, to 
Miss M- Wall, both of Cheddar —W. Bush, 


Wiltshire—Devonshire. 


95 


esq. of High Littleton, to Miss Ann 
Harding, of Farmborough. - 

Died.| At Bath, sincerely regretted by 
her friends and relatives, Eliza, wife of W. 
Wyune, esq. of Peniarth, Merionethshire. 
—In Marlbro’-buildings, 74, Elizabeth, 
relict of Thomas Percival, M.D. of Man- 
chester. — Mrs. Garland.—Sincerely la- 
mented, Catherine, wife of W. Griffiths, 
bookseller, of Argyle-street. 

In Barton-buildings, after a protracted 


_iJness, 63, the Rev. Thomas Fothergill, 


D.D. formerly vicar of Twerton, near that 
city —Mrs. Letitia Ironside, widow of Col. 
G.I. 

At Bridgwater, J. Dunning, esq. M.D. 
—After a long illness, Mr. Henry Shep- 
herd. 

At Bishopsteighton, much beloved and 
deeply lamented, Mary, widow of E. Me- 
dows, esq. youngest brother of the late 
Earl Manvers, and nephew of Evelyn, last 
Duke of Kingston. 

At Weston, near this city, 34, much Ia- 
mented, John Richards, esq. youngest son 
of the Rev. Thomas R. late of Bedford.— 
After a severe illness, Mary, the wife of 
Mr. Charles Geary, of Fountain-house. 

In the Orange-grove, 78, John Copner, 
esq. 

DORSETSHIRE. 

Married.| At Dorchester, Mr. T. Bas- 
combe, of the Dorchester Bank, to Miss 
Dare.—Capt. Wass, to Miss Clapcott. 

Died.} At Dorchester, 61, Mr. F. Oakley, 
brewer. 

At Blandford, in her 65th year, Mrs. A. 
King, widow. 

DEVONSHIRE. 

A meeting of the owners and occupiers 
of land in this county, was held at Exeter, 
on the 18th of January, for petitioning 
Pa-liament relative tothe present distresses 
of the agriculturits. The high sheriff was 
called to the chair; Col. Drake, of Ipple- 
den, after an appropriate speech, proposed 
the following resolutions : 

1. That inthe opinion of this meeting 
the distress of the agriculturists of this 
county has, during the three last years, 
been very severe, and is still alarmingly 
increasing. 

2. That this distress has been chiefly 
occasioned by the importation of nearly 
thirty millions of bushels of foreign corn 
duty free, in 1818 and 1819; by the enor- 
mous amount of taxation aud parochial 
rates, as compared with the prices of all 
agricultural productions ; by tke undue 
pressure of that taxation on the landed 
interest ; and by the too speedy return to 
a metallic currency. 

3. That to stay the progress of the 
distress which the agriculturists are suffer- 
ing, and which is rapidly spreading among 
other classes of society, it is the opinion of 
this meeting that all descriptions of capital 

however 


96 


however invested, should fairly participate 
in the general onus of taxation; that the 
most rigid economy should be observed in 
the public expenditure; and that all 
the productions of the soil of the United 
Kingdom should be protected by efficient 
duties from the import of similar commodi- 
ties, duty free, 

The meeting, however, not being suffi- 
ciently numerous, a resolution was passed, 
that a requisition should be sent to the 
sheriff requesting him to convene a county 
meeting. 

Married.| Capt. J. H. Kerr, of Barn- 
staple, to Miss E. Brown, of Southmolton. 
—S. Williams, esq. solicitor, of Plymouth, 
to Miss Symes, of Essex-street, London.— 
At Bodmin, Lieut. Edyvean, to Miss Boor, 
of that town. 

Died) At Exeter, 92, Mrs, Mary Cor- 
nish, 

In Gloster-place, Lady Ximenes, daugh- 
ter of the late Dr. Manning, of Stoke, 
Devon, and wife of Sir Morris X. of Bear- 
place, Berks. universally beloved and re- 
gretted. 

In Hampton-buildings, Mr. W. Little. — 
40, Mr. Thos. Bennicke.—73, Mr. Miall.— 
51, Mrs. E. Dawe. — Mr. R. Rutlidge, 
deeply lantented by his family and friends. 

CORNWALL. 

Married.) Mr.B. Milliner, of Plymouth, 
to Grace, youngest daughter of Mr. R. 
Luke, of East Looe.—At Launceston, Mr. 
W. King, to Miss J. Dinham. 

Died.) At West Looe, 72, Mrs. Rundle. 
17, after a lingering illness, Charlotte 
daughter of Mr. Warren.—At Fowey, 84, 
Miss Powne.—After a protracted illness, 
Mr, Brown, solicitor. 


Cornwall— Abroad. 


[Feb. J, 


WALES, 

At a meeting lately held at Swansea, it 
was resolved to offer a reward of 10001. to 
any person who shall destroy the pestilen- 
tial vapour which arises in the smelting of 
copper, and effectuate the greatest reduc- 
tion of the bituminous smoke. 

SCOTLAND. 

Die..| At Green Hill, the Hon. Sir J. 
Stuart, bart. of Fetter Cairn, baron of the’ 
Court of Exchequer. 

IRELAND. 

According to the late census, the popula- 
tion of this island amounts to 7,000,000. 

Married. In Dublin, the Rev. W. H. 
Foster, nephew of Lord Oriel, to Catherine, 
niece of the Earl of Longford. — - 

Died.| At Dublin, in ber 53d year, Mrs. 
M. Wolseley, only sister of the late Sir 
W. W. bart. of Market Wolseley, in the 
county of Carlow. 

At Daly’s Town, county of Galway, the 
Hon. Dennis B. Daly, M P. for the eounty 
in successive parliaments upward of forty 
years. In principle, Mr. D. was a whig. 

At Drogheda, the Hon. Catherine L. 
Montgomery. 

ABROAD. 

Died.} Near Paris, 51, Lucy,Countess of 
Lisburne, fifth daughier of the late Lord 
Courtenay.—72, the Duchess of Bourbon. 
She was married to the Duke of Bourbon 
Condé in 1770, but had been for some years 
separated from her husband. 

At Argentan, in France, 60, Col. Lam- 
brecht, R.N. senior officer of that corps at 
the battle of Copenhagen. 

At the village of Pukra, near Futtyghur, 
in the East Indies Capt. E. V. Dunsterville, 
of the 2d batt. 28th regt. native infantry. 


TO CORRESPONDENTS. 
The contents of our present Number challenge particular respect. We regret our - 
inability to conclude the valuable South American Letter in this Number, but it will 
be finished in our next, and serve, we hope, as the precursor of others from Mexico, 
Peru, and Chili, where, as this Magazine is sought after with eagerness, we hope 
some readers will indulge our wish to receive original information.—Dr. Silliman’s 
account of the Old Man is an ariicle of great curiosity—The Letter from Spain opens 
new light in regard to the state of that renovated country, and will confer an especial 
value on this publication: their Patriotic Song is a novelty of rare interest —The 
insolent pretensions of the Quarterly Review, a new and important feature of German 
Literature, an honest critique on Lord Byron's Dramas, and a superior analysis of 
Tibullus, occupy Numbers of so many series of papers, which are always sought with 
eagerness.— The Letter from Sicily concludes a pleasing series —The Letter from Persia 
is valuable for its authenticity—The Paper on Ireland, by a respectable resident 
land owner, and the details relative to the Slave Trade contuin facts deeply interesting 
to every philanthropist. —Of the STEPHENSIANA we need not speak—it is a bonne 
bouche, such as we have not been able to lay before our readers since the Walpoliana. 
—The concluding extracts from Santini, and the view of Napoleon's Tomb would alone 
distingv.ish an ordinary Magazine—Our Varieties, Proemium, and other useful 
departments will, we flatter ourselves, be found as-rich as usual, and superior to 
their imitations in other Magazines. é 

The Supplement, which is always the most entertaining part of our series, contains 
extracts from Cox's Burmhan Empire ; from Mrs. Wright's Travels in the United 
States ; from two works on New South Wales ; with indexes, $c. 5c. 

We feel it our duty to state, that some unprincipled person lately imposed Upon us 
relative to the Trottel Plant by forging the name of James Sibbald, of Paisley; but 
as he referred us to Mr. Lawrence, bookseller, of that town, we hope Mr. L. or seme 
other person will enable us to.trace him and bring him to punishment. 


MONTHLY MAGAZINE. 


No. 365.] 


MARCH 1], 1822. 


[2 of Vol. 55. 


BOLENBROKE HOUSE, BATTERSEA. 


In this mansion, of which the above drawing represents the chief part now standing, 
resided the St. Johns, Lord Bolenbrokes, Lords of the Manor. The last occupant was 
Henry, the celebrated Statesman and Philosopher, the friend of Pope, and other con- 


temporary geniuses. 


In the back-parlour of these premises Mr. Pore wrote his 


« Essay on Man,” in concert with his friend St. John, and here he often resided for 


weeks together. 


Behind is Battersea Church, in which the great Lord and his family 


lie interred, and on the tablets they claim relationship to Queen Elizabeth, from their 


family connection with BoLEN, her mother, whose family resided in this parish. 


eee ee 


For the Monthly Magazine. 

INVESTIGATION of the GENERAL and 

PROXIMATE CAUSES of the DIS- 

TRESSES of the AGRICULTURAL IN- 

TERESTS. 

T is now a long time since I ob- 

truded upon your readers any ob- 
servations of a fiscal, financial, or eco- 
nomical nature. A few years since I 
indulged in some speculations on these 
subjects in the hope of rendering my 
country service, by promulgating truth. 
1, however, found myself in the condi- 
tion of the swallow in the fable, who 
vainly urged the other birds to assist 
her in picking up the flax-seeds, from 
which the fowler grew his nets. The 
conflicting interests of society oppose 
themselves to the simple action of truth; 

Montaty Maa. No. 365. 


and the sophistry of eloquence, which 
may be enlisted on any side, involves 
the most simple propositions in confu- 
sion, while it seduces, puzzles, and con- 
founds the multitude. 

At this moment I am induced to ad- 
dress the people of England, through 
your pages, on the subject of what is 
commonly called the distress of the 
agricultural interest. It is but too cer- 
tain, that in this species of production 
industry has for some years been de- 
prived of its fair recompense —that the 
returns from market of the produce of a 
farm have been unequal to the outgoing 
in rent, taxes, assessments, and Jabour. 

Various hypotheses have been pro- 
mulgated to explain this peculiar phe- 
nomenon; but all of them, whether 

N * they 


98 


they have originated through the writ- 
ings of economists, or the speeches of 
politicians and statesmen, have utterly 
failed in developing the true Cause; and 
yet it is evident, that without a due 
understanding of the cause, it is and 
will be utterly impossible to apply any 
efficient remedy. 

Some assert, with unbounded con- 
fidence, that the cause is to be traced to 
the diminished quantity of the circulat- 
ing medium, a cause, which, if it existed 
to any considerable extent, would un- 
questionably affect the nominal price of 
all commodities in relation to that me- 
dium—but, is this the fact? Has any 
such considerable reduction taken place 
in the quantity of the circulating me- 
dium, or have its fountains been closed 
or dried up? For, if the flood-gates 
of circulation have continued open, so 
that all who sought for a supply might 
have been supplied, then it must be 
evident that the different quantity of 
the circulating medium, which depends 
on the demand, can have had little 
connection with the present circum- 
stances of agricultural distress. But, 
in truth, there has been no such dimi- 
nution as that which is insisted upon. 
If Bank-notes have been diminished, 
from an average of thirty millions to an 
average of twenty millions, let it be 
remembered that specie has increased 
to a similar amount; and, therefore, 
the public currency is as great, or 
nearly as great, as it was during the 
war. At the same time, when the ex- 
penditure of government was double 
what it now is, and when the working 
of loans called for such large sums in 
the money market, an excess of a few 
millions might have been required by 
circumstances which do not now exist. 
Yet, in point of fact, the public cur- 
rency in notes and cash has not been 
sensibly diminished ; and, for several 
years, currency has not been in demand, 
either by the merchants or bankers. 
The Bank of England has as liberally 
discounted for seven years last past as 
at any period since its establishment ; 
yet few bills have been presented for 
discount. Indeed, instances have oc- 
curred within these few months of not 
more than a solitary bill being pre- 
sented for discount in a day; whereas, 
at certain periods during the war, it 
was sometimes necessary to have peace- 
officers in attendance, to prevent a dis- 
turbance among the clamorous and 
impatient discounters. It is evident, 
therefore, not only that there is no 
operative diminution in the quantity of 


Causes of the Agricultural Distresses Investigated. 


[March I, 


currency, but that if it had been want- 
ed, more might have been had; con- 
sequently, all the assertions about the 
change from a paper to a metallic cur- 
rency, or of the diminution of currency, 
as causes of the agricultural distress, 
are visionary and utterly groundless. 

Another hypothesis, which has occa- 
sioned much discussion, assumes, that 
farming produce requires to be protect- 
ed by high importation duties, but is 
refuted by the fact that ever since the 
last importation-prices were fixed, grain 
has never reached the maximum; and, 
therefore, importation has had no effect 
on the markets. 

One of our senatorial wiseacres, who 
enjoys a false reputation as an econo- 
mist, because he plays at shuttlecock 
with the cabalistie words “ supply 
and demand, bullion and specie,” has 
ascribed the depreciation to a late 
abundant harvest — but who besides 
himself has heard of any late harvest 
beyond an average, and what does he 
mean by a harvest of sheep and oxen 
—can he be iguorant that the deprecia- 
tion at Smithfield has been greater 
even than that at Mark Lane ?* 

An eloquent and learned member of 
Parliament has ascribed the deprecia- 
tion to the different values of bullion, 
forgetting that bullion does not mix 
with the question, and that prices have 
never been estimated in bullion, but in 
pounds sterling, which pound is the 
same thing whatever be the commodity 
which represents it. His reasonings 
can, however, make but few converts. 

High rents have been insisted upon as 
a cause, and, doubtless, they are so; 
but they are an effect as well as a cause. 
They were justified when they were 
levied, bya price of produce which oc- 
casioned speculative farmers to covet 
land on any terms ; but it needs no syl- 
logism to prove, that when produce has 
fallen, rents ought to fall in the same 
proportion, and that if high rents are 
collected on low-priced produce, the 
cultivator must be impoverished, ruin- 
ed, and driven into the workhouse. 

The entire subject resolves itself, 
however, into this question: What is 
the true cause of the peculiar deprecia- 


*The same profound senator conceives 
that the universal agricultural interest can 
indemnify itself against indirect taxation, 
just as a fraternity of tanners can indem- 
nify themselves against a direct tax on lea- 
ther! Yet such reasonings as these are 
said to have weight in the House of Com- 
mous! If it be so, God help the country 
whose wisdom isso misrepresented ! 

tion 


1822.] 


tion and disproportionate price of agri- 
cultural produce, or, in other words, 
of the scarcity or dearness of money 
throughout the country ? 

To determine this question we must 
consider the actual circumstances of the 
population of the British empire. 

There are about forty-eight millions 
of acres of land in productive cultiva- 
tion in the three kingdoms. The in- 
terest of the public debt is also nearly 
forty-eight millions, or nearly a pound 
per acre, and the rentals may, for the 
sake of round number, be taken at the 
like sum. The interest of the debt is 
not levied entirely upon the land, but 
nevertheless it falls chiefly and ulti- 
mately upon the land, as the basis or 
radix of society. But making every 
allowance, it may be taken at 24 mil- 
lions on the land and its occupiers. 

These are the circumstances—what 
then, is their operation ? 

Suppose a parish, containing ten thou- 
sand acres of land, paid to mortgagees 
and landlords, resident within the 
parish, twenty-thousand pounds per 
annum: then, as those who receive 
the said twenty thousand pounds reside 
within the district, and expend it in 
produce and labour, it is evident that 
the constant circulation between the 
payers and the payees, must maintain 
an equality of resources, and that the 
only phenomena would be the propor- 
tions between the number of idlers or 
receivers, and labourers or payers. But 
if the receivers resided in a distant 
parish—if the mortgagees or the land- 
lords expended little or none of the 
money in the district whence they re- 
ceive their revenues, then such parish, 
subject to a perpetual drain, would 
necessarily become impoverished in 
that circulating medium, in which it 
paid landlords and mortgagees; and 
prices would be governed not by the 
amount of the general circulation, but 
by the amount remaining in circulation 
at the place of sale. 

It must at the same time not be for- 
gotten, that a rich man eats no more 
than a poor one, and, therefore, the 
consumption in the favoured parish 
would hear no proportion to its drain of 
currency from the other. The market 
prices would be regulated by the number 
of markets within thedistrict,and would 
not be governed by the prices which 
could be paid by the mortgagees and 
landlords, but these would be supplied 
at the average price of the whele district. 
The inconveniences resulting from such 
a state are evidently to be traced to the 


Causes of the Agricultural Distresses Investigated, 


99 


circumstance of the mortgagees and 
landlords not residing in contact with 
the payers or cultivators ; and, where- 
ever such happens to be the condition 
of any society, great or small, the prices 
of produce will be governed by these 
circumstances. 

In regard to the actual condition of 
the people of England, rents tend par- 
tially to produce this inconvenience, 
but mortgagees, or public annuitants, 
from inherent circumstances, produce 
it in the highest degree. It is notori- 
ous, that, during the scarcity of money 
in the country, and the low price of 
agricultural produce, money was never 
more plentiful than it has been in 
the money market in London. At the 
same time, in and near London reside 
four-fifths of the mortgagees or annui- 
tants, who draw thirty-six millions per 
annum from the occupiers of land and 
the inhabitants of the country, con- 
suming not more than an equal popula- 
tion of other men, and purchasing in 
the London markets at prices governed 
by those of the wholenation. Monstrous 
and inconceivable fact! Thirty-six 
millions drawn every year from indus- 
try, and in chief part centering in Lon- 
don, where it is divided among a few 
hundreds or thousands, who consume no 
more than the same number elsewhere, 
and, therefore, do not counteract their 
drains from the community at large, by 
any increase of consumption and price ! 
Yet such is the necessary effect of a 
congregation of mortgagees, or national 
creditors, in one place. But if many 
of them reside in foreign countries, 
these aggravate the evil by becoming 
non-consumers. Such is the gene- 
ral and inevitable etfect of an enormous 
publicdebt! The creditors are neces- 
sarily drawn to the focus of their proper- 
ty. Hence, in great measure, arises the 
increase of splendid streets, and superb 
villas in and around the metropolis, 
inhabited by persons who drain the 
country of thirty-six millions per an- 
num, and who contribute to the public 
burdeas only in the ratio of their per- 
sonal expenditure. 

This, then, is the true solution of 
the enigma which has puzzled all our 
statesmen and political economists. We 
have a public currency of undisturbed 
amount—we have an increased popula- 
tion—we have an improving foreign 
trade—we have beneficial communi- 
cations by canals and roads to promote 
our domestic industry, yet the produce 
of our soil is not sufficient to reward 
the husbandman, and maintain the 

proprietor 


100 
propriefor in his ancient condition as a 
gentleman. The cause is this: the 
land is under mortgage to public credi- 
tors, who, unlike landlord's, have no 
local affections, and no residence among 
the payers. They are either pure muck- 
worms residing in holes or corners 
in the purliens of the Stock Exchange, 
or, at best, as gentlemen in the me- 
tropolitan county. Part of their expen- 
diture finds its way by devious paths 
into the country, but they pay little 
more for produce than is paid in dis- 
tant markets, which do not enjoy the 
advantages of their residence. The na- 
tional debt is, therefore, the primary 
cause; and the congregation of the na- 
tional creditors in one place, is the 
secondary and proximate cause of the 
distressed condition in which the coun- 
try finds itself at the present moment. 
It occasions a drain from the country to 
the metropolis, in and near which four- 
fifths of the public annuitants reside, 
and therefore directly impoverishes the 
country; while the returus from the 
annuitauts are partial, slow, indirect, 
selfish, and inefficient. 

The exhausted country does not en- 
joy even the palliative of a course of 
exchange! The receiver-general of the 
district amasses the collections exacted 
from house to house and from manu- 
factory to manufactory—and the whole 
of the social blood of the inhabitants 
which can be drawn off at one time 
without total exhaustion, is sent off till 
new and continually increased exer- 
tions produce a new accumulation, 
which is again drawn off in like man- 
ner! A more horrid picture of the 
rapid decay of a great nation by inches 
—by the wickedness of system—by the 
blindness of pride—by the ignorance of 
wisdom, never before was presented to 
the astonishment of the world! 

In thus plainly stating the cause of 
this great evil, no blame is meant to 
be attached to the annuitants. The 
fault is in those who created the annu- 
ities, and whose diabolical passion for 
war rendered them necessary. The 
annuitant, by a species of natura! in- 
stinct, prefers to reside near his pro- 
perty that he may govern and controul 
it, and may receive its periodical pro- 
duce. It is not his fault that the so- 
ciety in which he lives, has placed him 
in an enviable situation, and, indivi- 
dually, he is innocent of the great 
social mischief which the habits of his 
fraternity create. 

Tf landlords were led by any instinct 
or passion to congregate in like manner, 


Causes of the Agricultural Distresses Investigated. 


|March I, 


in any one district of the empire, 
their drains would be equally pernici- 
ous. Mischief has in truth resulted 
from the increase uf town-houses, of 
winter-establishments, and watering- 
places, habits which have led to the 
desertion of baronial establishments 5 
but the proprietors of land are far more 
numerous than stock-holders, and their 
local interest tends to scatter one class, 
while it concentrates the other. 

To familiarize the subject by an ex- 
ample—if we suppose that the currency 
of a country were twenty millions, and 
that ten millions were annually drawn 
to the metropolis by mortgagees, and by 
a portion of landlords, who accumulate 
two, spend two in foreign luxuries, and 
return in slow and indirect ways but 
six back to the country—then at the 
end of the FIRST YEAR the currency 
of the country, instead of an operative 
twenty millions, will be only sixteen 
nhillions. But at the end of the SECOND 
year it will be only twelve millions— 
atthe end of the THIRD year only eight 
millions—at the end of the FOURTH 
year but four millions, when all capi- 
tal must supply deficiencies—and at 
the end of the FIFTH year the country 
will be drained, and to pay the ten 
millions, capitals must be exhausted, 
and part of the land itself sold or for- 
feited to the accumulating and sordid 
annuifants, which for some time past has 
been the condition of the tenantry and 
proprietry of the British islands. 

In the meantime the general price 
of commodities will not be measured 
by any relation to the twenty millions, 
but by its proportion to the operative 
currency of the country, which it ap- 
pears is constantly diminishing—al- 
though (including the residence of 
the mortgagees) the Total remains the 
same; while at the place of their resi- 
dence there would nevertheless be a 
glut ofcurrency, just as we know is the 
fact among the monied interest and the 
bankers of the British metropolis. 

In transferring these figures to the 
actual circumstances of Great Britain, 
thirty-six millions may be taken as the 
drain, including the mixed considera- 
tion of the entire taxation, and account- 
ing for landlords who reside in Len- 
don and abroad. It is, however, obvious 
that such a drain could not be supplied 
with a public currency of thirty mil- 
lions, were it not for the simultaneous 
issues of local banks, the operation 
of which tends in several indirect ways, 
to palliate, though not to cure the evil. 

Such palpably is the cause of the 

distress. 


1822.] 


distress. The details might be enlarged 
upon, but enough has been proved for 
the present purpose. We therefore 
know the cause, and althougn it has 
never before been developed, yet the 
Remedy is but a corollary from the 
principle. The object of our financiers 
should be to diminish the drain from 
the country, by diminishing the taxes 
which constitute that drain; and then 
to keep up the amount of the revenue 
by taxing the public annuitants. The 
effect on the country would be double ; 
that is to say, if seven millions less were 
drawn from the country, it would not 
only not lose that sum, but would re- 
tain it as capital for the promotion of 
industry and agriculture ; while the 
fund-holder, in paying one-fifth of his 
income to secure the other four-fifths, 
would still be in a better condition in 
point of fiscal assessments, than any 
other class of society.* 

If it be objected, that the same drains 
existed during the late war, when the 
prices of produce attained so extrava- 
gaut a height, it should be considered, 
that, at that time the expenditure of 
the government doubled, and even 
trebled the amount of the sums drawn 
by the public annuitants from industry ; 
and that this enormous expenditure 
took place chiefly in contracts for the 
produce of agriculture, owing to which 
the demand constantly exceeded the 
supply, and prices rose accordingly. 
The drain of taxes was therefore coun- 
teracted by a greater expenditnre than 
the amount of the drain, which expen- 
diture was expanded over the countiy, 
and simultaneously produced counter- 
acting effects. But, on the return of 
peace, the agricultural interest lost its 
great customer in the markets, the 
supply then exceeded the demand, 
while the constant drain from the 
country to,the metropolis, has exhaust- 
ed the capitals of tenants, driven tens 
of thousands to the workhouse, and 
thrown on the land the expence of pro- 
viding for innumerable poor. 

In point of fact, the landed proprie- 
tors spent, in their late unhallowed 
crusades against liberty, the entire ren- 
tals of their estates, which stand 


_ 2 2 Sipe easier Gare BE 

* Those who consider it due to PUBLIC 
FAITH not to tax the funds, betray the 
fundholders. The only security of the 
fundholders is to abate their demands, at 
least 20 per cent. If they do not do this, 
either they will get nothing, or they will 
get all the land, without tenants or cultiva- 
tion! But tax the funds, and the evils will 
work their own cure. 


Suppressed Chapter of Gulliver's Travels. 


101 


pledged to the public creditors whose 
property they have become; and into 
whose possession they must fall, if the 
system of un-taxed fuuds is maintain- 
ed! All that the landlord or the cre- 
ditor receives separately, is so much 
more than the land can pay; and one 
of them must abate his demands, or 
tenants will be ruined in succession, 
the land be without cultivation, and 
landlord and annuitant be ruined toge- 
ther. At the same time if the landlord 
obtained his part, it would be re-spent 
chiefly among his tenantry, and the 
country might flourish as heretofore; 
but if what the landlord receives alone, 
were to continue to be paid to mortgagees 
congregated: in a distant metropolitan 
county, the effects would continue which 
we now witness, in exhausted Capitals, 
and ruined Tenants and Landlords. 
But the attempt to collect a DOUBLE 
amount of rents,and to transmit nearly 
half that double assessment to be hoard- 
ed or spent in a distant single district, 
on the chance of its returning indi- 
rectly and at a fulure period, into cir- 
culation, is a condition which, if perse- 
vered in by force of law and arms, 
must ruin the country, and drive its 
industrious population to distant climes, 
uncursed by military ambition, and by 
hard-hearted systems of ignorant and 
blundering economists. 
COMMON SENSE. 
a Saeed 
For the Monthly Magazine. 
The SUPPRESSED CHAPTER of GUL- 
LIVER’S TRAVELS. 

Gulliver visits the Politician of Laputa. 

HAT is the subject of this work 

(asked I,) for which you expect 
from the people of Laputa so liberal a 
pension ? 

I shall entitle it an “* Idea of the 
worst form of Government,” answered 
the philosopher Adelolmi: in some fit of 
ill-humour, the multitude, who are 
ever prone to mischief, will realize it ; 
and then I shall be ranked by posterity 
with Lyenrgus, Junius Brutus, William 
the Norman, and the other founders of 
celebrated tyrannies. 

How is this commonwealth to be 
composed ? (questioned I, anxiously). 
It blends (replied he) the characteristic 
absurdities of every sort of constitution, 
uniting the several vices of monarchy, 
aristocracy, and democracy.—You will 
oblige me by being more particular 
(said 1): how different it must be from 
that of my native land. 

He continued: You recollect that 
the legislative power at Rome was he- 

reditary 


102 


reditary, and the executive power year- 
ly elective—of course their laws were 
very bad and very oppressive; but their 
public operations were managed with 
great skill, zeal, and success: for it is 
of the nature of the lottery of birth to 
provide men not at all more adapted 
for the office which it appoints them to, 
than for that of swindler, gambler, dan- 
dy, or any other human occupation: 
whereas election as naturally secures 
the desirable correspondence between 
the capacities of a man and his employ- 
ment. In my government, therefore, 
the practical, or executive power at 
least, shall be hereditary. 

I cannot help thinking (interfered 1) 
that in the simple monarchies, where 
this is also the case, there prevails an 
identity of interest between the sove- 
reign and his subjects, which operates 
favourably on their well-being. There 
is a stability, an order, an uniformity 
of spirit, tending to protect improve- 
ments slow of growth, and to distribute 
on every quality its natural reward. 
Besides, by exalting the prince alone, 
and levelling the citizens among each 
other, the painful sentiment of inequa- 
lity is there much lessened. To destroy 
each of these advantages I provide the 
necessary checks (interrupted Adelolmi 
eagerly) I establish two clubs of land- 
owners, with a several negative on the 
wish of the prince, and of each other; 
so that, in order to bring any thing to 
bear, he must chafter for the co-opera- 
tion of those who are most able and 
most willing to thwart his proceedings, 
and must ever be compromising with 
their opposition. His wars, therefore, 
will be conducted with driftless extra- 
vagance, and his very peace grudgingly 
borne. 

I distinguish between his revenue, 
and that of the nation, that there may 
be perpetual motives for reciprocal en- 
croachments and dislikes ; and J assign 
to him the payment of the judicial and 
military power, as if they were appen- 
dages of his person and family, in order 
to poison the subjects’ mind with a 
continual jealousy of the impure adini- 
nistration of justice, and of the immi- 
nence of military despotism. To him 
I also allow the prerogative of declaring 
war, that his personal will may at any 
time be able to do the greatest of mis- 
chiefs. 

To destroy all opinion of the stabi- 
lity of any authority, or system of mea- 
sures, and to obtain the radical incon- 
venience of elective monarchies, I in- 
sert in the constitutional act, in the 


Suppressed Chapter of Gulliver's Travels. 


[March f, 


fundamental settlement, that the rights 
of the sovereign are not indefeasible 5 
and, by these means, I inspirit the neg- 
lected and factious members of my 
club-government to patronize plots and 
conspiracies for ostracizing the royal 
dynasty: and I think it hard if more 
than four of a family ever manage to 
reign in regular succession. ‘Thus the 
horrors and confiscations of a revolu- 
tion will be looked for every genera- 
tion, will very often be suffered, and 
the misery of continual uncertainty 
and alarm will destroy all enjoyment 
from property and patient industry. 

The two clubs again shall difler from 
each other in rank; and, throughout 
the community, there shall be all sorts 
of sources of distinction, birth, title, 
wealth, badges, offices sacred and pro- 
fane, privileges religious and civil ; 
and thus the pinings and heart-burn- 
ings of the littlest and greatest minds 
shall alike have nutriment, and envy 
be a universal guest. 

But where (resumed I) do you vest 
the legislative power—in the two clubs 
of land-owners? Certainly (answered 
he) these are of all men the least inte- 
rested in wise laws, and, from their in- 
sulated residence, and out-door amuse- 
ments. the least skilled in the science 
of legislation. Their property, easily 
ascertained, requires no precision in the 
statutes. Littie exposed to depredation, 
it requires no police. It is agreeably 
affected by war and by famine, which 
increase the demand for produce, and 
enhance its price. By the dissolution 
of towns, again, and the ruin of com- 
merce. the relative importance of the 
landed interest is augmented. Nothing 
can be more certain, therefore, than that 
their inclinations will operate in per- 
petual hostility to the general welfare, 
and that they will form a permanent 
conspiracy against the community. In 
the feudal ages, when they alone bore 
sway, there were only barons and vas- 
sals, tyrants and slaves. Every go- 
vernment by the landed interest, from 
Poland to Jamaica, has been an instance 
of the most unequal distribution of hap- 
piness imaginable, the few brutally en- 
joying, and the many brutally suffer- 
ing. I conceive, therefore, that by vest- 
ing in land-owners the great mass of 
constitutional power, I have madeevery 
calculable provision for the capital evils 
of aristocracy ; for restrictions and mo- 
nopolies in commerce ; for wars, when- 
ever manufacturers begin to acquire a 
rival consequence; for the unfair as- 
sessment of taxes on the industrious, 

not 


1822. ] 


not the idle; on the circulating and 
beneficial, not on the fixed and unser- 
viceable property; for infringements 
on the means of subsistence, by taxing 
the very food and drink of the people ; 
and for the misery, ignorance, and bar- 
barization of the boorish classes; inso- 
much that 1 should not wonder if, in 
the course of a century, two-thirds of 
the people were got habitually to de- 
pend on public succour for their very 
maintenance. 

With such opinions (retorted I) you 
can hardly, in this state of society, con- 
descend to be a proprietor of soil.— You 
are not mistaken, (replied he) ; I have 
no property of that, or of any other de- 
scription, and am, therefore, an impar- 
tial judge. 

And by what criterion (I went on) 
are the members of these clubs to be 
selected—by the amount of their rent- 
roll? No (said he); of the upper club 
the members shall be born so:—(Ridi- 
culous! interjected 1:)—only I shall 
suffer the prince to force upon them 
enow new members, just to defraud 
the public of any benefit which their 
independence might else bestow. While 
the doctrine of innate ideas was yet be- 
lieved, the providing a breed of legisla- 
tors was natural enough ; the father, it 
was supposed, might transcribe, or 
transfer, an abridgment of the statutes 
upon the brain of the embryo; but now 
that this notion is exploded, I hold it 
impossible that any thing like attach- 
ment or confidence can cling to an he- 
reditary clab, on which account [ in- 
stitute one. And as it must be peculi- 
arly obvious, that this club will have 
an interest distinct from the rest of the 
community, I take especial care to 
confer on it the supreme judicial power. 

These club-fellows ({ remarked) 
will, however, be very happy them- 
selves. I doubt that (quoth he). I 
make their whole property descendable 
only to the first-begotten son; by which 
means the sisters must take, or at least 
execute, a vow of celibacy; and the 
younger brothers be quartered in the 
1ospitals, foundations, and establish- 
ments, provided for the national poor ; 
so that family bickerings shall counter- 
poise publie elevation, and an elder 
brother be the proverbial phrase for a 
greedy, grudging oppressor. 

But tell me (said I then to Adelolmi) 
what is the other club to be made of,and 
made for? It isto be made of men (an- 
swered he) chosen every seven years by 
a grotesque sort of lottery. Asa king 
of Persia was nominated by his stallion, 


Suppressed Chapter of Gulliver's Travels. 


103 


so some of these shall owe their power to 
a warren of rabbits, and some to a walk 
of sheep, some toa blacksmith, and some 
to a bank-uote. Others shall be nomi- 
nated by attroopments of people, on 
some of whom I bestow votes, because 
they eat boiled victuals; on others be- 
cause they are fishmongers, grocers, or 
glovers, or have studied for seven years 
any one of those mysteries, which were 
a mean of livelihood in the reign of the 
virgin-queen. And what is this club 
to do? (asked I). They are to meet 
yearly (said he) on the birth-day of the 
prophet, in the metropolis, and to sub- 
scribe a declaration that bread is not 
human flesh, and that they will never 
turn anthropophagites. Then the 
maggiordomo of the prince is succes- 
sively to invite to dinner as many 
as are willing to be fed at the pub- 
lic tables, and, having caleulated 
what additional rate is necessary to ac- 
commodate all the guests, he recom- 
mends to their own liberality the pro- 
vision, which is accordingly to be levied 
by an excise, upon the rice, the sherbet, 
the arcka, and other comforts of the 
people. This mode of assessment has 
the further advantage, that the richest 
pay no more than the poorest to such 
taxes, as they are things of which every 
man consumes an equal quantity. 

The levies made, then, may begin all 
the turbulences of democracy, The 
minds of the people are to be violently 
irritated by those who do not like the 
maggiordomo’scookery ; factious cabals 
and associations are to be formed against 
his household, and acts of riot and dis- 
order committed by his valets against 
the houses and persons of the dissatis- 
fied. Sometimes these associations 
may conspire to abolish the worship of 
the sun, sometimes to set at liberty the 
olive-coloured persons in the harems, 
sometimes to celebrate the pastoral 
constitution of the Patagouians, and 
sometimes to obtain a right of voting 
for all persous having stomachs, under 
the idea that. by these means, the pub- 
lic tables might be given to the hun- 
griest, instead of the daintiest, but al- 
ways in vain. ‘ No amendment”? is 
the radical maxim of the constitution : 
“ Woe to him who thinks ill of it” the 
motto of the national coat of arms. 

Is this devoted country of yours (said 
I) to be without a religion? It shall 
not be without bonzes, at least, (an- 
swered he), and I have nearly deter- 
mined to give some of them a place in 
the upper club, in order to facilitate 
the alliance of religious and civil fac- 

tions, 


104 


tions, and to strengthen and diffuse the 
virulence and intolerance of both. 
Neither do I despair of conciliating the 
damuatory intolerance of the Bigendian 
creed, with the dull, unvarying, cla- 
morous prayers of the Littlendians, and 
the naked, barn-like temples of the 
Middlezonians, in which I shall order 
to be stowed a number of putrescent 
carcases. in order to render them un- 
wholesome and offensive, and to make 
their social worship a weekly tribute 
to self-denial. 

Surely (objected I,) this form of 
government, after all, may prove fa- 
vourable to agriculture? To defeat 
this, I will allot (replied he,) to the 
bonzes yearly a large share of the crop, 
and thus diminish the motive to make 
it great.—It may prove favourable (I 
also contended.) to personal liberty and 
security ? Youare much mistaken, (he 
again said); whenever the clubs are 
odious to the people, they will assume a 
power of arbitrary imprisonment, and 
this, believe me, will be often enough. 
Besides, it will be easy to subject all per- 
sons who hire money, or other things, 
to arrest; and to institute an order of 
land-pirates, or water-butchers, to seize 
young folks forcibly, to the habitual 
alarm and distress of all obscure and 
peaceable families. 

Are you not then afraid (said I,) lest 
the people, before they have undergone 
this government for three years, should 
throw it aside in a pet? No, (replied 
he, after deliberating awhile.) for al- 
though it will successively be the in- 
terest of each other of society to abolish 
this constitution, it will never at any 
one time be the interest of them all; 
so that, like the Gehenna, it combines 
extreme infliction and incalculable 
duration. 

Farewell, (said I, somewhat sourly 
to Adelolmi,) and thank heaven that 
I was born in Britain, whose govern- 
ment was not imagined by the spite of 
a philosopher, but is the work of ages, 
and the wonder of the world. 


—>— 
To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. 
SIR, 
SEND for insertion in your valu- 
able magazine, a plan for gradually 
superseding the poor’s rates. No one 
is to receive any benefit till he or she has 
subscribed ten years, in which time they 
will have paid six pounds, which will 
produce a sufficient fund to allow them 
a support in old age, continually receiv- 
ing something after the ten years, and 
increasing with their disability to sup- 
port themselves ; the first few divisious 


Plan of Provision for Poverty. 


[March 1, 


that might be made will not possibly be 
sufficient to pay their annual subscrip- 
tion of 12s. ; but this will be gradually 
overcome, and it will in the course of 
time be more than sufficient. 


Rules of the Friendly Union for pro- 
viding for the Members in Old Age. 
and for reducing the Poor Rates. 

1. This society always to be open to new 
members at any monthly meeting. The 
members to subscribe one shilling per 
month each. 

2. The whole of the subscriptions, after 
paying necessary expences, to be placed 
out at interest in the Savings Bank, or such 
other securities as might be approved of. 

3. The interest to accumulate for the 
first ten years, after which the interest (on 
such subscriptions and accumulations and 
also the interest on all further subscrip- 
tions) to be divided quarterly, as follows : 
all those members who have paid ten years, 
at such division, and still continue their 
subscriptions, to have one share; twenty 
years, two shares; thirty years, four 
shares; forty years, eight shares; and 
fifty years and upwards, twelve shares each. 

4. Members neglecting to pay their 

subscriptions three months, to forfeit one 
shilling; six months, two shillings; nine 
months, three shillings ; twelye months, to 
be expelled. 
. 5. A committee of six members shall be 
chosen, who shall continue such as long 
as they continue members, with power to 
add to their number any other member of 
the society or any gentleman willing to 
become a member. 

6. A clerk shall also be chosen, who 
shall attend at his own house, or any other 
place that might be approved of, on the 
first Monday in every month fromthe hours 
of six to eight in the evening, to assist the 
committee in receiving the subscriptions. 

7. At the death of any member who has 
paid three years to this society, two pounds 
shall be allowed out of the fund towards 
his or her funeral expences ; if five years, 
three pounds shall be allowed. 

8. No other relief shall be afforded to 
any member than is mentioned in the pre- 
ceding rules, nor shall the funds of the 
society be ever divided or diminished, but 
be allowed to accumulate for the mutual 
benefit of the old members and their suc- 
cessors. 

You will perceive when a person 
who has paid ten years receives one 
guinea per annum, the one who has 
paid fifty years will receive twelve 
guineas; so when a person who has 
paid ten years or six pounds, receives 
three guineas, which in time will be 
the case, the person who has paid fifty 
years, will receive thirty-six guineas 
per annum, and so on in proportion. 

Joie Oe: > 


1822.] 


For the Monthly Magazine. 
ACCOUNT of a JOURNEY from CUCUTA 
to CARACCAS, performed in the 
months of August, September, and 

October, 1321. 

(Concludéd from our last.) 

Al Carache we were invited to spend 

the following night at, the house 
of an agriculturis( in Agua de Obispos, 
about half way. between Carache and 
the next village. We accordingly left 
about eight o’clock in the morning, 
and immediately recommenced the 
ascent of an immense mountain, from 
whence, having gained the summit 
about one o’clock, we descended as far 
as Agua de Obispos, where we arrived 
at two o*clock, in a violent shower of 
rain. The atmosphere was cold, but 
the country is fertile and produces 
wheat and peas of a fine quality. The 
lhouses are very few, and merely con- 
structed for the occasional residence of 
ihe cultivators, when visiting their 
plantations. 

We continued descending the moun- 
tain the morning following, from Agua 
die Obispos to the village of Omuecaro 
Abaxo, where we arrived after more 
than eight hours of nearly constant de- 
scent. The climate of Omucaro is 
warm. the inhabitants chiefly Indians, 
aud its extent little more er less than 
that of a number of other small vil- 
lages already enumerated. 

From Omucaro to Tocuyo occupied 
us about nine hours, of which one and 
a half were spent in resting at a village 
at the half way; the latter part of the 
road was wide, firm,and level. As we 
approached the town, the country gra- 
dually became more open, and the 
chain of mountains, new in the dis- 
tance, on each side, diminished succes- 
sively, in height and bulk, with much 
regularity. Sugar cane and Indian 
corn appeared the chief productions of 
the surrounding country. 

Tocuyo is a neat town, containing 
many good houses, two or three 
churches, and a monastery, the latter 
of which is likely soon to be converted 
intoa public college. It has been much 
injured by the war, has a warm cli- 
mate, a small population and little 
commerce, - 

We left Tocuyo at a late hour of the 
dlay following, and arrived at Chibor 
after dark, where with some difficulty 
we procured a lodging for the night, 
and departed the next morning at 
break of day for Barquisemeto, which 
town we reached between four and five 

Montuty Mag. No. 365, 


Reeent Journey in Columbia. 


105 


o’clock in the afternoon. The road 
from 'Tocuyo to Barquisemeto was 
generally level and good, although 
muddy in piaces where the rain had 
settled, for want ofa channel to escape 
by. We were also somewhat less incom- 
moded by stones; since at Tocuyo we 
had terminated our passing the moun- 
tains, a task which had occupied us 
about three weeks, and had nearly de- 
stroyed the hoofs of all our animals by 
the continued surface of sharp stones, 
with which the roads, or rather path- 
ways, had till then incessantly present- 
ed us. 

The impressions made upon me in 
€araccas, in 1819, by the contemplation 
of the effects of the earthquake of 1812, 
were revived in Barquisemeto. In 
Caraceas, dreadful as were the conse- 
quences of this terrible convulsion of 
nature, some valuable houses and pub- 
lic buildings were left uninjured ; but 
herea whole city was utterly destroyed, 
and of Barquisemeto, a town which 
appears from its ruins to have been of 
the first order in this part of the coun- 
try, not an edifice of any description 
was left standing, and 1500 of its inha- 
bitants perished. It consists now 
prineipally cf one main street, con- 
structed within the last few years, of 
which all the honses have only ground 
fioors. ‘The convent has been repaired 
latterly, and two of the churches are 
now in hand. There is some commerce 
carried on with Maracaibo, and some 
valuable haciendas of indigo and cocoa 
are in the neighbourhood. The cultiva- 
tion of tobacco is prohibited here, as 
indeed it is generally, excepting only 
in the particular spots nominated by 
the government. The object of this 
prohibition is to prevent smuggling in 
an article from which the state derives 
one of its chief revenues. The popu- 
lation of Barquisemeto and its environs 
is probably from 8 to 10,000 persons. 

My companion was attacked with a 
serious -indisposition, which detained. 
us in Barquisemeto three days. We 
reached Cugisita about five o’clock in 
the evening of the day of our depar- 
ture from Barquisemeto, and left again 
the morning following, between seven 
and eight o’cloek. Cugisita is situated 
at the commencement of a Savannah, 
and eonsists only of a few scattered 
houses, of which the pulperia was our 
place of lodging. 

We arrived at the entrance of the 
Montana del Altar about mid-day, 
and at Caramacat in the evening at 

O five 


106 


‘five o'clock, after a long and fatiguing 
day’s march. In the wood, the mud was 
in places up to the bellies of the horses 
—passes which occasioned us difficulty 
and some danger, particularly with 
the cargoes. Caramacat is a= simall 
Indian village, reduced to the last ex- 
tremity of poverty, and containing pro- 


Recent Journcy in Columbia. 


[March 1, 


bably a population of 14 to 1500 per- 
sons. : 

From Caramacat to San Carlos was 
thirteen leagues, and occupied us frcm 
between seven and eight o’clock in the 
morning to seven o’elock at night, 
liaving passed through the village of San 
José, situated one league from the city. 


Carlos 
was one of the vichest towns in Vene- 
zuela, but it is now reduced to the last 


Before the revolution San 


extreme of poverty. The rich savan- 
nahs, by which it is surrounded, were 
once filled with hordes of cattle, mules 
and horses, which enriched the inha- 
Ditants with extraordinary rapidity, 
and toa degree scarcely credible. The 
town is extensive, contains five or six 
churches, of which one of the largest 
was built and ornamented at the ex- 


e 
I 


pense of one individual only. So re- 
duced is the present sifuation of this 
city, that many of its best houses are 
oceupied by persons who ean with | 
difficulty procure caraulas (beans) to 

live npon. We were provided with an 


excellent lodging, which still retains 
many marks of former splendour. The 
temperature is extremely hot, and the 
population probably from 5 to 6000 
persons. 


A DWELLING-H@GUSE AT SAN CARLOS. s4\> 


In approaching San Carlos, we had 
gradually taken our leave of the 
mountains, and had now to pursue our 
journey through savannahs * boundless 
as the sea,” where a burning sun, and 
almost breathless atmosphere frequent- 
ly during the day obliged us to beg a 
temporary shelter in the first cottage 
we had the good fortune to fall in with. 
In travelling through different parts of 
this country, and particuiarly in the 
plains, Ihave frequently had occasion 
to remark the uncommon silence 
which universally prevails, and the 


entire absence of singing birds, so 
common in England. 
For here at dawn the lark’s enlivening 
song, 
The warbling thrush, 
plaintive tale, 
Unheard—unknowi these breathless plains 
amone. 
How still the burning day! at night the 
vile 
Alike unsolaced by the nightingale, 
Silent is Nature’s voice, save where a 
lonely ox © 
Sends forth its mournful wail. 
After remaining a day longer than 
we 


the blackbird’s 


1822.] 


we intended in San Carlos, we at Jength 
with infinite difficulty procured a 
change of mules, and left at three 
o'clock in the afternoon for Tinaco, 
where we arrived about seven o’¢locix 
in the evening; a distance of five 
lezcues. 

Vinaco appeared a considerable vil- 
lage, but as we arrived after dark, and 
left it the following morning about 
eight o’clock, I had little opportunity 
of ascertaining its peculiarities, or 
judging of its extent. It was Sunday 
morning wien we left il for Tonaquillo, 
where we arrived about six o’clock in 
the evening. Our roads continued 
level and good, with the exception of 
some places where the rain. for want of 
a channel to escape by, had again set- 
tled into mud. From Tinaco to Tina- 
quillo we found the country more hilly 
tivin that we passed through for several 
days previous, in consequence of the 
intervention of a chain of small moun- 
tains which here intercept the pathway. 

Tinaquillo isa large scattered village, 
similar to many we had previously 
passed through, and did not appear to 
me to contain any thing worthy of par- 
ticular observaiion. 

Shortly after leaving Tinaguillo we 
had the good fortune to fall in with an 
officer who had been engaged at the 
battle of Carabobo, and who obligingly 
offered to conduct us to the spot which 
had been the scere of action, and was 
now very near at hand. -We very 
gladiy availed ourselves of this opper- 
tunity, and after following our con- 
ductor fur about two hours, along a 
very hilly road, we reached the height 
of Buenavista, which had been the 
Spanish point of observation, from 
whence we obtained a distinct view 
over the whole field of Carabobo, and 
of the position occupied by the Spanish 
army. From this we descended again 
into the main road, which we very 
shortly left upon our right, and follow- 
ed a narrow pathway winding round 
among numerous hills to the defile, by 
which the Patriots, with the assistance 
of the British, gained the heights occu- 
pied by the Spaniards, and drove them 
with the point of the bayonet from 
their positions, in the utmost confusion. 
We encountered here a large heap cf 
human skulls and bones—all that now 
remains in this part of the country of 
the unfortunate Godos. The bodies of 
the Patriot soldiers who fell in the ac- 
tion have been conveyed to Tocuyito, 
and there received christian burial. 


Recent Journcy in Columbia. 


107 


From Carabobo to Tecuyito we con- 
tinued on the read by which the Spa- 
niards had: retreated, first to Valencia: 
and thence to Puerto Cavello, observing 
with much interest every spot which 
had been rendered remarkable by any 
particular occurrence at the time, or 
subsequent to the action. 

We ieached the village of Tocuyito 
about five o’cleck in the evening, and 
were hospitably received in the house 
of the Cura; frem thence we departed 
the following morning at day-lightand 
entered Valencia by an exce!lent level 
road three hours subsequent, escorted 
by numerous friends of Don Fernando, 
who met him at a short distance from 
the town, much overjoyed te find him 
well, after a separation of eight years 
duration, marked by circumstances 
of extraordinary occurrence, privation 
and peril. 

I liked Valencia better than any 
town I had yet visited upon the conti- 
nent of America, withthe exception of 
Caraceas. The town is extensive, and 
contains many most excellent houses, 
the streets are long, and tolerably regu- 
lar, and the inbabitants the most affa- 
ble and obiiging people possible. Its 
general appearance is agreeable, clean, 
and respectable. The Spaniards have 
adorned it with the hest bridge, beyond 
all comparison, which I had_ yet seen 
erected in the country. It has. three 
arches, is built of stone and brick, and 
the walis are soconstructed as to form 
a seat allalong each side. Its extreme 
length is probably from 350 to 400 
yards. Beyond this, at the distance of 
about a quarter cf a mile, is what is 
called the Glorieta, a large circular 
seat, built neafly with brick, designed 
as a place for dancing and festivity. 
The bridge and giorieta form the even- 
jug promenade. 

The town is very cheerful, but there 
is of course at present little commerce 
for want of communication with the 
colonies threugh Puerto Cavello. The 
garrison is composed of upwards of 
3000 men, under General Paez; a regi- 
ment of infantry is also stationed on 
the lines of Naguanagua, between Va- 
lencia and the Port. The climate is 
hot, as the thermometer was generally 
during the day at from 86 to 90°, but 
the mornings and evenings are very 
agreeable. Balls and public entertain- 
ments are very frequent, and conducted 
with much harmony and good humour. 
The present popniation of Valencia is 
probably from 7 to 8,000 persons. 

Afler 


103 


After a stay of teu days in Valencia 
we departed, much gratified with the 
attentions we had experienced. At 
the distance of three leagues we reached 
the village of Guacara, where we re- 
mained till evening, with part of the 
family of the Marquis de Toro, which 
we found resident in that village. At 
a late hour we reached the Pulperia, at 
Mariara, where we passed the night. 

The following morning (Saturday) 
we left about seven o’clock, and con- 
finued our route, which now laid 
through the vallies of Aragoa, to Ma- 
racay, where we arrived at mid-day. 
The luxuriance of the vegetation, 
which now surrounded us—the general 
aspect of the country and the roads 
were of the best and most captivating 
description. About ten o’clock we 
reached the border of the Lake of Va- 
lencia, of nearly the whole of which 
we were enabled to obtain an excellent 
view. Its shining unrufiled surface 
and clear waters made it a great orna- 
ment to the general scenery around us, 
It contains many small islands, of 
which that of Burros is, I believe, the 
largest. The lake contains only oue 
description of fish, and that not parti- 
cularly abundant. 

As the roads were sandy in places as 
we advanced, we found the heat at 
mid-day greater than any we had yet 
experienced during our whole journey; 
from this the rich foliage on the road 
side afforded us an occasional and wel- 
eome shelter. 

Maraeay, the first of the villages we 
came to in the vallies of Aragoa, is 
very pleasantly situated, contains many 
respecfable houses, to each of which, as 
well as to the numerous cottages which 
constitute the principal part of it, there 
is a small garden attached. The houses 
are generally white, and all the largest 
are constructed with brick. The neigh- 
bouring country contains many haci- 
endas of cocoa, coffee and indigo, and 
is remarkable for its great fertility. 
The population of Maracay is some- 
thing exceeding 2000 persons. 

The scarcity of mules obliged us to 
continue our route to Turmero, before 
we could procure a relay. As the latter 
was but three leagues distant, we ar- 
rived a little before six o’clock in the 
evening, and were detained the whole 
of the following day. We here visited 
the tobacco warehouses, which are very 
spacious and commodious, but contain 
very little tobacco at present. The 
factor, and all the authorities employed 


Recent Journey in Columbia. 


| March 1, 


by the government in this branch of 
the public revenue, were very obliging 
in shewing and explaining every thing 
as to the modes of preserving, weighing, 
and curing the tobacco, &c. &ce. 

The village of Turmero is about 
equal in importance and extent to Ma- 
racay, but containing, perhaps, rather 
a larger population, as it is the resi- 
dence of the commandant-general of 
the vallies of Aragoa, in which this 
village is also comprehended. The 
tobacco, which is sold here, is grown 
principally on the borders of the Lake 
of Valencia, and is eagerly sought for 
by all the neighbouring towns aud 
villages. 

We left Turmero early on the Mon- 
day morning, and arrived at La Vic- 
toria about mid-day. The distance is 
calculated at five leagues. La Victoria 
is larger than either Turmero or Mara- 
cay, and contains a population probably 
equal to that of both. There are some 
very good houses, and the town gene- 
rally presents a respectable appearance 5 
the church is the handsomest I have 
seen in the whole republic: the climate 
is hot. The earthquake, I have so fre- 
quently had occasion to mention, ex- 
tended its ravages here also, and de- 
stroyed many of the best buildings, 
which remain yet in ruins. 

We remained at La Victoria during 
the remainder ot the day, slept there, 
and left for San Pedro the day follow- 
ing at day-light. 

Between eight and nine o’clock we 
reached Las Coquisses, where we found 
a very tolerable posada. About ten 
o’cloek we began the ascent of the 
mountain, and arrived at Las Alajas, 
or the summit, between one and twe 
o’clock, where we took shelter fron: 
the sun till three, and entered San 
Pedro, after a long and tedious descent, 
at la Oracion. We found San Pedro a 
small inconsiderable village, with no 
striking peculiarity but that of a very 
cool aud agreeable atmosphere. At 
day-light, the following morning, we 
departed from this village for Caraccas- 

For a considerable time we resumed 
our yesterday’s task of ascending, and 
having reached the summit of the 
mountain at Buenavista, we com- 
menced the descent, which, at the expi- 
ration of an hour anda half, brought us 
ou the plain of Caraccas, between eight 
and nine o'clock. Somewhat fatigued 
with om morning’s exercise, we re- 
mained an hour at Las Ajuntus, and 
eutered the capital a few minutes be- 

fore 


1822.] 


fore twelve o*clock. We passed the 
remainder of the day with Gen. Sou- 
blette, in the same house in which, by a 
singular coincidence, I had dined with 
Don Ramon Correa, on my first visit 
to Caraccas, two years before. I am 
now about to establish myself in this 
fine city, as agent and merchant. 
<a 


To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. 

SIR, 

LTHOUGH Mr. Gibbon’s History 

- of the Roman Empire offers an 
almost inexhaustible field of animad- 
version, the prescribed limits of a pe- 
riodical publication must be respected, 
and this paper will close the series of 
remarks on that pompous writer. 

In the instances already adduced the 
dogmatism of Mr. G. is ‘conspicuous ; 
on other points, his scepticism, exclu- 
sive of his religious prejudices, is not 
less extraordinary. Both these charac- 
teristics, indeed, equally appertain to 
the school of Gibbon: and in fact to 
believe or to disbelive, without deign- 
ing the attention, or possessing the can- 
dour requisite to appreciate the evi- 
deuce, denote alike that supercilious 
self-sufficiency which pervades the his- 
tory in question. The following ob- 
jection is no otherwise of importance, 
than as it is connected with the general 
credit of historic evidence. 

Livy informs us (Lib. iii. s. 31, 33.) 
“ that about the year of Rome 300, 
answering to the 8lst Olympiad, and 
56 years ouly subsequent to the expul- 
sion of the Tarquins, contentions ran 
very high between the Plebeians, headed 
by the Tribunes, and the Patricians, 
respecting the governmeni of the re- 
public. At length the Tribunes pro- 
posed that a general revision of the 
laws should take place, to which the 
senate acceded. But previous to the 
appointment of a commission for this 
purpose, it was agreed that ambassa- 
dors should be sent to Athens, then at 
the height of its fame, who were or- 
dered to procure a copy of the laws of 
Solon, and to make themselves ac- 
quainted with the institutions, customs, 
and laws of the other states of Greece. 
This important mission occupied the 
ambassadors, Spurius Posthumius, Au- 
lus Manlius, and Servius Sulpicius, all 
of Patrician families, about a year, 
when they returned with the Athenian 
laws; and the Tribunes earnestly 
pressed that the business of compila- 
tion might be commenced. It was 
accordingly resolved, that ten magis- 


Remarks on Gibboii. 


109 


trates, with the appellation of Decem- 
virs, should be created with that view, 
superseding all other authorities: the 
Plebeians on their part consenting that 
Patricians only should be chosen. Ap- 
pius Claudius, who, though of a high 
and haughty family, had of late assi- 
duously courted the favour of the 
people, was nominated chief of the 
commission: and the.three ambassa- 
dors were included, that the honour 
might serve,’’ says the historian, ‘ as 
a recompense for their labour, and 
presuming them peculiarly qualified 
for the task of digesting the newly 
proposed regulations.”’ 

Such is the substance of the very 
probable and consistent account of 
Livy. This legation is likewise attest- 
ed by the authority of Dionysius Hali- 
carnassus; aud Cicero affirms that the 
tenth table de Modo Sepul. was bor- 
rowed from Solon, de Leg. ii. 23, 
26. Pliny moreover mentions Hermo- 
dorus, of Ephesus, an Athenian settle 
ment, “as aiding the Decemvirs in 
their great work, for which a statue 
was erected to him in the forum,”’ so 
that few facts of such remote antiquity 
are more strongly and satisfactorily es- 
tablished. 

Upon this subject, nevertheless, Mr. 
Gibbon, in his usual lofty and impos- 
ing language, has hazarded the follow- 
ing observations : 

“From a motive of national pride, 
both Livy and Dionysius are willing to 
believe, that the deputies of Rome 
visited Athens. under the wise and 
splendid administration of Pericles ; 
and the laws of Solon were transfused 
into the twelve tables. If such an 
embassy had indeed been received from 
“ the- barbarians of Hesperia,’’ the 
Roman name would have been familiar 
to the Greeks before the reign of Alex- 
ander; and the faintest evidence would 
have been explored and celebrated by 
the curiosity of succeeding times. But 
the Athenian monuments are silent ; 
nor will it seem credible that the Pa- 
tricians should undertake a long and 
perilous navigation, to copy the purest 
model of a democracy.” In a note, 
Mr. G. subjoins, “ that Herodotus and 
Thucydides appear ignorant of the 
name and existence of Rome; and 
refers also upon this head to the autho- 
rity of Josephus, contra Apion, L. i. 
c. 12. 

It could not be from “ a motive of 
national pride’’ that both Livy and 
Dionysius have recorded this saps 

able 


110 


able fact; Livy being a Roman, and 
Dionysius a Greek. Nor does it appear 
how the Roman pride, which is what 
Mr. G. probably meaus, could be flat- 
tered by such an acknowledgment of 
national inferiority in the attainments 
of seienee and aris of civilization. 
Reflections of this nafure, affecting to 
assign motives, areat the best arbitrary 
and irrelevant to the matter of fact; 
or, if at all admissible, they must be 
grounded upon the acknowledged fact. 

Herodotus and Thucydides, and the 
Athenian monuments, or at least the 
mutilated fragments of them now re- 
maining, are confessedly silent upen 
the subject of this deputation: and 
where is the wonder? Yet the Greek 
historians had, very possibly, heard 
that a certain tribe of “ the barbarians 
of Hesperia’ called Romansyand known 
only, if known at all, by their conten- 
tions with the A®qui, the Volsci, the 
Aurunci, the Sabines, and the Veientes, 
had sent persens to Athens to be in- 
structed in the Athenian laws and cus- 
toms. But was this an event which 
could appear to them of such celebrity 
as to merit a formal insertion in their 
immortal works? Or was it an occur- 
rence to be inscribed on the Athenian 
monuments, at a period when Athens 
was at the height of its renown; and 
had by a series of victories lumbled the 
pride and power of Persia? The name 
of Rome was little known to the Greeks, 
as we are told, and truly, by Mr. G., be- 
fore the age of Alexander; he might 
have said before that of Pyrrhus. On 
what foundation, then, rests the assump- 
tion that an embassy from an obscure 
and barbarous people of Italy, for the 
purpose stated by Livy, would have 
attracted any considerable or lasting 
notice? Intent upon his grand theme, 
* the decline of the Roman empire,”’ 
Mr. G. seems to have retained but a 
faint recollection of the rise of the 
infant republic. 

Mr. G. might have spared his allusion 
to Josephus. Jn controverting the ar- 
gument of Apion against the antiquity 
of the Jews, from the silence of the 
Greek historians, Josephus shews that 
they were not silent ; “* but if they were, 
Rome itself,’ says he, “is not men- 
tioned by Heredotus, or Thucydides, 
nor by any one of their contemporaries ; 
and it was very late, aud with great 
difficulty, that the Romans became 
known tothe Greeks.” The inference 
from this passage is obvious; if Rome, 
half a century after the establishment 


fs Remarks on Gibbon. - {March 1, 


of the republic, sent a a deputation toe 
Athens to request information and in- 
struction, though the ambassadors 
would doubtless be received with Attic 
courtesy and urbanity, the embassy 
itself would be regarded as a matter of 
light and trivial import. 

“It is not,’? in the presuming lan- 
guage of Mr. G., * eredible that the 
Patricians of Rome should undertake 
a long and perilous navigation, to copy 
the purest model of a democracy.” 
But this is a false representation, cal- 
culated only to mislead. By a com- 
promise of parties, Patricians only were 
indeed selected, both for the embassy 
and commission; but they were per- 
sons most distinguished for popularity 5 
“ Appius Clandius being, as Livy in- 
forms us, through the favour of the 
Commons, placed at the head of the 
business: for he had assumed a beha- 
viour so entirely new, that from a 
harsh opporent, he had become a zea- 
lous promoter of their interests, and an 
eager candidate for popular applause,” 
It certainly was not the object of this 
embassy “to copy the purest model of 
a democracy ;”’ or, indeed, to make any 
change whatever in the structure of the 
existing constitution; the professed 
purpose was to effect a melioration and 
reform of the legislative code: in con- 
templation of which, zt ts pexfectly 
credible that information should be 
sought at the most renowned seat of 
wisdom and science. As to the “ long 
and perilous navigation,” Mr. G. him- 
self fells us (Vol. x. ec. 54) that the 
space between Brundusium and Du- 
razzo was no more than a hundred 
miles; at the last stage of Otranto, 
contracted to fifty.” M. M. 

———j>__ 
To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. 

SIR, 

N your Magazine for October, 1821, I 

noticed an extract from Mackenzie’s' 
1000 Experiments respecting Bread. I 
conceive the quantity of alum said to_be 
used by bakers, much over-rated, (say 
half) still that quantity, according to the 
calculation ten grains to each meal, 
(the dose uf alum being ten grains to 
twenty) must certainly be injurious to 
the constitution, unless it undergoes 
some chemical change of which Iam 
not aware. It is certainly a matter 
that deserves investigation, and the 
serious attention of those persons whose 
habits are sedentary, and whose con- 
stitution has a tendency toconstipation. 
It is a fact very well known, that per- 

sons 


1822.] 


sons who have been accustomed to eat 
home made bread without alum, on 
eating the bread they meet with in 
London (generally) are obliged to re- 
sort to artificial means to assist the 
powers of digestion, which are no doubt 
checked by the astringent salt (alum) 
used in the manufactory of the bread. 
With respect to the doubt entertained 
of its being of any use fo the baker, it 
may be observed that the kind of bread 
required in London, viz. light and 
whife, cannot be made but of the dest 
flour, without the use of alam or some 
substitute, which at this time gives the 
person so using it a very considerable 
advantage over those who do not use it. 
The late harvest having been so unfa- 
vourable in many parts, has caused 
such various qualities of flour, that the 
use of alum was never so great as at 
this moment, and never so profitable 
an ingredient to the baker. Tie use 
of it improves the bread in appearance 
at least 20 or 30 per cent, while the 
greater part of the consumers in the 
metropolis are careless or insensible of 
the pernicious effects it has on their 
health. The person who uses. alum 
ean undersell the one who does not, or 
if he gets the full price for his bread, 
has the advantage. I do not, however, 
conceive it so much a matter of legisla- 
tive interference as an attention on the 
part of the consumer; more would be 
accomplished by attention on their part 
than any act of government. It is 
notorious that there are bakers in Lon- 
don who do not use alum, and I know 
that they are obliged to buy the very 
best flour for their dread. i. 
Jan. 17, 1822. 
——=>— 
for the Monthly Magazine. 
THIRD LETTER” from an ENGLISH 
OFFICER, én the PERSIAN SERVICE. 

HEN the Tartar delivered the 

Cadi’s letter, the Pasha imme-, 
diately gave orders that I and my lug- 
gage should be carried up “ en masse” 
to his own residence; but when his 
people came down to the post-house for 
that purpose, I was so sound asleep 
from the effects of fatigue, that they 
would not disturb my repose. Very 
early in the morning the great man 
came himself, before I had shewn the 
least symptoms of moving: being in- 
formed of his arrival, I did not lose 
mach {ime in presenting myself. He 
then stated, that all my appurtenances 
were already at his house, and re- 
quested me instantly to accompany 


Original Letters from Turkey. 


lit 


him. Héisa young man of the finest 
personal appearance I ever saw, and & 
perfect picture of manly beauty.. When 
he understood that I had served in the 
cavalry, he asked me, very courteously, 
to put on my uniform. T could not 
well refuse my landlord, and that land- 
lord a Turk, so I complied with his 
wishes: and rummaging out a suit of 
regimentals, I shewed him a spectacle 
which had never before met his sight — 
a British Hussar in full dress. He ex- 
pressed himself highly pleased, and re- 
marked, that the costume: was well 
adapted to a warrior. As the danger 
from the robbers was now over, I took 
my leave the next day, previous to 
which, mine host kissed me on the 
cheeks and forehead, after the eastern 
manner. 

Between this town and the next of 
note (Kars, the ancient Charsa) are 
the remains of the campsof Xerxes and 
Heracleus, whe, at different periods of 
time, encamped nearly on the same 
spot. The ruins resemble each other 
so much, that I could scarcely distin- 
guish any difference between them. 
My friend, the Tartar, two Armenian 
post-boys, or conductors, and myself, 
had a long and unsatisfactery dispute 
concerning them. We all. spoke to- 
gether in different languages, and, from 
our gestures and vociferation, would 
have made a very amusing sketch for 
an artist. In three days we arrived at 
Kars, which place we left the same 
evening; and on the fullowing morn- 
ing, soon after day-break, we had a 
view of the celebrated Mountain of 
Ararat, then distant I79 miles; al- 
though so far from this grand object, 
and in a valley surrounded (as Lon- 
doners would term them) by “ prodi- 
gious” high mountains, yet it towered 
above them in as great a degree, (to 
use a cockney comparison) as Saint 
Paul’s over the surrounding build- 
ings. 

The next morning at seven o’clock 
we arrived at Kur or Cyrus, a branch 
of the Euphrates, which separates the 
dominions of the Persian and Turkish 
nionarehs; here a most extraordinary 
and rather perilous adventure awaited 
me: the river at this place is deep, 
broad, rapid, and stony; and at first 
{ could not imagine how we were to 
cross; a short time put an end to my 
conjectures, and filled me with no 
small portion of alarm. The first ob- 
ject that attracted my notice was the 
baggage placed in a kind of raft, on 

which 


iz 
which a little boy had seated himself 
with a long pole in his hand; the raft 
was unmoored, and the boy with all 
my chattels were hurried down the 
stream with astonishing rapidity. The 
next part of the entertainment now com- 
menced; the Tartar pulled off his boots, 
and partly stripping himself, requested 
me to follow his example; I obeyed, 
wondering what would be the event; 
he then tied our boots, stockings,’ and 
trowsers in a bundle, aud we mounted 
two horses, without saddle or bridle; 
the Tarter assured me there was no 
great danger, and particularly enjoined 
me to sit quiet, and not to attempt, on 
any account, to controul my charger. 
Now, although I believe 1 am not a 
coward, yet I must candidly confess 
that my nerves were far from being in 
a philosophic state of composure; how- 
ever, recommending myself to the only 
true fountain of courage, I boldly 
launched into the deep, and in the 
course of half an hour we reached the 
shore of Persia. at least two miles be- 
low the point from which we first set 
out; our baggage was still lower down. 
We proceeded on foot to Hadjobiram, 
where the principal person welcomed 
me to the country of Prince Abbas 
Mirza, my present master. 


After refreshing ourselves, we went . 


onwards to Hitch Kilisia, or the Three 
Churches, a town inhabited by Arme- 
nian Christians; here there is a very 
pretty convent, where the pope or pa- 
griareh of this ancient sect resides. 
This yenerable man induced me to re- 
main with him two days; he speaks 
Italian fluently, and from him I derived 
much curious information respecting 
the huge mountain, near whose base 
the town lies. Many have been the 
attempts made to ascend it, but all 
without success; when about half way 
up, the cold is intense beyond endur- 
ance; the mountain assumes a perpen- 
dicular shape to a great height, and 
from thence to its summit is covered 
with eternal snow. 

They pointed out to me the part on 
which the Ark is supposed to have 
rested, but tradition does not venture 
to fix on the precise spot. 

Our succeeding stage was the strong 
hold of Erivaun; thrice attempted by 
the Russians, but gallantly defended 
by the old Surdaur, who is considered 
a tough dog-of-war. 

The last magnet of attraction was 
aplace of considerable notoriety, and 
which, with justice, may claim the 


Excursion through North Wales. 


[ Mareh ] ; 


title of tie oldest city in the world ; 
here the prophet Noah settled, and 
from him its present appellation is de- 
rived, being called Noakshivan. 

On Saturday, the 22d of July, Larriv- 
ed in health and safety at Tabriz, after 
a very fatiguing but romantic journey 
of thirty-nine days. 

The British Chargé d’ Affaires and 
the English gentlemen received me 
very kindly, as also the Russian mi- 
nister, to whom I was the bearer of 
despatches from the ambassador at 
Constantinople. 

The Prince was absent, and‘did not 
return until two days after my arrival ; 
I was then introduced, to him in due 
form, by the Chargé d’ Affaires, and 
presented *s letter on my knee. 
He read it attentively, and looking at 
me steadfastly for some time, desired 
Mr. to ask me if I was willing 
to serve him; I replied, “ at the ha- 
zard of my life against any enemy of 
Persia, my own country excepted.” 
He immediately exclaimed * barik- 
alla” (fine fellow) and ordered me a 
purse of 150 tumans towards defraying 
my road expenses.* 

In my next I will give you an account 
of the manuers, customs, and other mat- 
ters relative to Persia ; also particulars 
of the diversious, &c. prevalent among 
the Europeans. 

—— 
For the Monthly Magazine. 
EXCURSION through NORTH WALES 
in 1819. : 
Continued from No. 362, p. 498. 


ae being the case, then, with the 
Welsh, we participated in the 
common. feeling of happiness which 
seemed to animate every one, and 
looked anxiously forward to the “ grand 
doings” of the morrow. The morrow 
came, and a lovely morn it was. Not 
a cloud was there to obscure the azure 
clearness of the sky, and every object 
about Dolgelley looked bright and 
gladsome. We were in the vein to be 
pleased with every thing we beheld, 
and through this happy medium did 
we view the transactions of that busy 
day. About twelve o’clock, the sheriff, 
Mr. Owen, of Garthyngkared, a gentle- 
man most highly respected in the 
county, made his entré into the town, 
preceded by twelve javelinmen, and 


* My pay and allowances have been 
settled at 360 tumans per year, a house, 
tents, and forage for five horses. I comt- 
mand here the 


followed 


1822. ] 


followed on horseback by the principal 
landholders in Merionethshire. The 
eavaleade dismounted at the Lion, and 
then, with the bar, proceeded to church, 
where an English sermon was preached 
by the sheriff’s chaplain. This is the 
only time in the year that an English 
sermon is preached at Dolgelley; the 
service, at all other times, being. per- 
formed -in Welsh, and we really did 
not anticipate so excellent a discourse 
as that which Mr. Hughes delivered. 
It was concise, impressive, and elo- 
quent, adapted to the meanest capacity, 
and instructive to the best and wisest. 
It was also most admirably delivered. 
After service was over, the commission 
was opened, when the court adjourned 
till the evening, and its members, toge- 
ther with all the gentlemen in the 
county, prepared to perform their 
parts at the dinner given by the worthy 
sheriff at the Lion. On account of our 
intimacy with Mr. W. we received an 
invitation to join the party; and we 
can bear willing testimony to the ex- 
cellence of our entertainment. It is 
true that we had neither turbot nor 
venison, but we had plenty of delicious 
Mowthach salmon and trout, some 
very fine grouse, and Merionethshire 
mutton, but little inferior to venison 
itself, with abundance of good wine. 
We sat down to table, about two hun- 
dred, and during the time the judges 
were with us we preserved a proper 
degree of decorum; but the trumpet 
call to evening court was the signal 
for mirth and revelry tobegin. Their 
lordships had no sooner retired than a 
scene of rather more bustle and jollity 
commenced, in the midst of which we 
contrived to escape ; and as we strolled 
down the green, we plainly heard the 
jolly parfy at the Lion 
‘ Boisterous 
And noisy in their mirth—like ocean waves 
When winds are piping loud. 

But the most fascinating pastime of 
this eventful day was tlie ball in the 
evening. Although we have long since 
ceased to make one in the “ merry 
dance,” we like to see the young and 
the beautiful “ tripping it on the light 
fantastic toe,”’ with all the character- 
istic enthusiasm of youth and happi- 
ness. 

O, sweet it is to see the young 

Strike up the dance so merrily ; 
Sailing like swans a-down the stream, 

So gracefully, so gracefully. 

With flushing cheek, and sparkling eye, 

Their beauties shine divinely, O ! 

And Love, himself, in ambush waits, 

Montuy MAG, No. 365. 


Excursion through North Wales. 


115 


To murder hearts most finely, O! 

And eyes that speak, and sighs of love, 

And hands that meet with thrilling 

pleasure, 
Are sigus of deep untainted joy, 

While each one grasps his fairest trea- 

sure. 

About ten, we repaired to the ball- 
room, which was crowded with very 
elegant and well-dressed company, and 
the ladies displayed a great deal more 
taste and elegance than we expected 
to see at a place like Dolgelley. We 
observed in the room two or three very 
fine brunettes, a great many pretty 
little fair-haired nymphs, and several 
dashing fashionable ones, who would. 
have done no discredit to a London 
rout-room. The ladies danced very 
well, and the gentlemen very lazily. 
Nevertheless, they danced as well as 
gentlemen ought to dance. It is an 
erroneous notion to imagine that there 
is no fashion in Wales. We are too 
apt to attribute to the inhabitants of a 
romantic and secluded country, a de- 
gree of rudeness which they do nof, 
and to deprive them of a degree of 
refinement which they actually do pos- 
sess; and this is very much the case 
with respect to the Welsh. Many of 
the English imagine that there is no- 
thing to be found among the mountains 
of the principality, but beautiful 
scenery, and simple and unpolished 
inhabitants. But they are mistaken ; 
and a visit to any of the secluded, yet 
populous towns in Wales, will convince 
them of their error. But while the 
Welsh,—we speak of the higher classes, 
—have made a considerable progress in 
the scale of refinement, they, as far as 
we can perceive, possess only the 
better part of refinement. Most of 
the vices naturally attendant upon a 
highly cultivated state of society, are 
not to be found in the Welsh, who are 
still hospitable, obliging and sincere. 
We do not, however, mean to infer 
that their hospitality is exercised in- 
discriminately ; although to strangers 
they are, from the highest to the lowest, 
kind, and affable, and courteous, for 
with them, “ stranger is a holy name.” 
The party at the ball broke up about 
one o’clock, and we retired to rest 
highly gratified with the occurrences of 
the day. 

The time was now approaching when 
it was necessary that we should return 
to London, but our friend W. most 
earnestly recommended us to visit Bala 
before our departure. “ An evening 
ride to Bala,” said he, “ ought not to 

P be 


114 


be neglected by you. The distance is 
not 20 miles, and now that the moon is 
nearly at the full, we shall enjoy it 
above all things. Wecan be very well 
accommodated at the Bull, and can 
return to Dolgelley the day following.” 
We did not reject our friend’s admoni- 
tion, and went there the day after the 
ball. Jt was nearly eight o’clock ere 
we commenced our journey; and, as 
we left Dolgelley, the summits of the 
surrounding hills were every moment 
becoming more and more obscured by 
the descending gloom of twilight. The 
day had been rather sultry, but the 
evening was cool and beautifully serene, 
a gentle and refreshing breeze spring- 
ing upas the sun disappeared, diffusing 
new lifeand vigour over the face of the 
earth. 

The sun was slowly sinking to the west, 

Pavilion’d with a thousand glorious 

dyes; 
The turtle doves were winging to their 
. nest, 

Along the mountain’s soft declivities. 
The fresher breath of flowers begau to 

rise, 

Like incense to that sweet departing sun; 
Low sank the hamlet’s hum, the shepherd’s 

cries, 

A moment, and the lingering disk was 

gone? 

The evening was exceedingly fine, 
and we had not travelled far before 
the moon arose, shedding with her pale 
beams, a mild and lovely light on the 
rocks and woods around us, and pre- 
senting a close resemblance to a scene 
so glowingly depicted in the spirit- 
stirring song of the * Blind Bard of 
Greece.’? We allude to the well known 
passage in the eighth book of the Iliad, 
beginning Qc¢dorey ougayw agree, which 
Pope has so finely translated, or rather 
paraphrased in the following lines: 

As when the moon, refulgent lamp of night, 

O’er heaven’s clear azure spreads her 
sacred light ; 

When nota breath disturbs the deep serene, 

And not a cloud o’er-casts the solemn 

scene ; 

Around her throne the vivid planets roll, 

And stars unnumber’d gild the glowing 

ole ; 

Over the dark trees a yellower verdure 
shed, 

And tip with silver every mountain’s head ; 

There shive the vales—the rocks in pros- 
pect rise— 

A flood of glory bursts from all the skies ! 

Tt was indeed the night so magnifi- 
cently described by the poet, and we 
journeyed onwards wrapped in admi- 
ration at the beauties which the road 


Excursion through North Wales. 


{March i, 


at every curve displayed to our view. 
The paths we traversed were rude and 
rugged in the extreme, but the scenery 
thiough which they passed was of pe- 
culiar beauty and wildness. The road 
is formed on the declivity of a moun- 
tain, and bounded on both sides by 
dark and deep woods. On the right, 
and separated from the road by the 
thicket, the river Wnion washed the 
base of the hill, eddying with foam and 
fury over the fragments of rock, which, 
rooted in the bed of the river, impeded 
for a while its progress, only rendering 
it more furious and impetuous after- 
wards. The opposite shore in_ some 
parts rose into tall rocks, covered with 
brushwood—in others it was of a more 
gentle description, indented with small 
bays where the land sloped smoothly 
down, or sent into the river sinall pro- 
montories covered with wood to the 
water’s edge. Being elevated consi- 
derably above the land on the right, we 
could distinctly see a long extent of 
scenery in that direction, and beautiful 
was the scene submitted to our view, 
the deep silence and solemnity of which 
was only interrupted by the fitful hoot- 
ing of the owl, or the dashing of the 
troubled waters of the Wnion. About 
four miles from our journey’s end we 
came in sight of Bala Lake,” extending 


* Pennant gives the following account 
of this lake, which is, we believe, the 
largest in North Wales. “ Bala Lake, 
Pemblemere, or Llyntegid, lies at a small 
distance from the town of Bala, and is a 
fine expanse of water, near four miles long, 
and 1200 yards broad in the widest place. 
The deepest part is opposite Bryn Gollen, 
where it is 46 yards deep, with three yards 
of mud. The shore is gravelly; the 
boundaries easy slopes, well cultivated, 
and varied with woods. in stormy weather 
its billows run very high, and incroach 
greatly on the north-east end, where, 
within memory of man, several acres have 
been Jost. It rises sometimes nine feet ; 
and rains and winds greatly contribute to 
make it overflow the fair vale of Ediernion. 
Its fish are pike, perch, trout, a few roach, 
abundance of eels, and shoals of that Al- 
pine fish, the gwyniad, (salmo lavaretus, 
Lin.) which spawn in December, and are 
taken in great numbers in spring and sum- 
mer. Pike have been caught here of 25ib 
weight, a trout of 22tb (?) a perch of 10ib, 
and agwyniad of 5tb. Sir Watkin Wil- 
liams. Wynn claims the whole fishery of 
this noble lake. It has been the property 
of the Abbey of Basingwerk, for Owen de 
Brogyntyn made a grant to God, St. Mary, 
and the monks of this house, of a certain 

water 


1822.] 


on our right four miles in length, and 
nearly one in breadth; its surface calm 
aud unrufiled, reflecting, as from a 
mirror, the huge rocks, dark heathy 
mountains, and wooded bauks by which 
it was encircled. To our left all was 
wrapped in darkness by the deep woods 
which root themselves down from the 
hills quite to the road; and the moun- 
tain, swelling gradually from the lake, 
bounded the prospect in that direction ; 
while their bases, which were in the 
shade, were finely contrasted with the 
mantle of light which covered their 
exalted summits. Beneath were the 
dark woods already mentioned, their 
gloom occasionally enlivened by the 
star-like lamp of the woodman’s cot- 
tage; and lower still, in the very bo- 
som of the valley, lay the placid lake, 
reflecting the rays of the moon, as she 
sailed in her loveliness through the 
heavens, throwing a column of liquid 
silver ou the glittering waters. 
———— 


To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. 
SIR, 

EARLY twe years ago, I wrote 
some papers for a_ periodical 
work, published at Stafford, entitled 
the © Bookworm,”’ amongst which are 
some suggestions as to the means of pre- 
venting explosions of hydrogen gas in 
coal-mines,and the danger of suffocation 
in carbonic acid gas. A_ short time 
since, a letter appeared in the Stafford- 
shire Advertiser from Mr. Lester, of 
Burton-upon-Trent, announcing a great 
discovery which he would publish in 
that paper, on certain conditions, and 
informing the editor that he had lodged 
a specification of his discovery in the 
Secretary of State’s Office, and the Lord 
Chancellor’s Office, challenging com- 
petition as to priority of claim; and 
saying, that the discovery was the re- 
sult of laborious and persevering in- 
vestigations in coal mines. Supposing 
this discovery was in principle the same 
with what I had published, and which 
proved to be the case, I re-stated the 
substance of what I had written, at the 
same time relinquishing all claims of 
reward, to Mr. Lester. However, con- 
ceiving the matter of consequence, I 
was desirous of giving it publicity in 


water in Penthlinn, called Thlintegit, or 
Pemblemere, and all the pasture of the 
said land of Penthlinn.’ This was wit- 
nessed by Reimer, (who was Bishop of St. 
Asaph from 1168 to 1224) and by Ithail, 
Owen's chaplain.” — Zours in. Wales, 
Vol. LI. p. 213. 


Prevention of Explosions in Coal Mines. 


115 


the Monthly Magazine, but wanting 
confidence from not having practical 
knowledge, I wrote to- the proprietors 
ef the coal mine near Newcastle, in 
which fifty-two men were killed some 
time ago, requesting their opinion. I 
have not been honoured with an an- 
swer, and am left to my own surmises 
as to their reasons for not answering it. 
Since that, having met with a collier of 
great experience, who assures me that 
Tam perfectly correct in what I have 
published, which is in substance as 
follows : 

In coal and lead mines there are of- 
ten found two kinds of gas which prove 
destructive to human life, viz. carbo- 
nic acid gas, and hydrogen gas; the 
first is called by the werk people choke 
damp, and the other fire damp. Though 
both found in the same mine, and near 
to each other, yet they can never be 
found in contact; the first, being 
heavier than common air, can only be 
found in bottoms and pits, and cannot 
accumulate in any place from which 
water will run off; hydrogen gas is an 
elastic fluid, much lighter than com- 
mon air, and cannot accumulate in any 
place over which there is an opening 
above, into the atmosphere. The first 
is perfectly incombustible, so as to ex- 
tinguish the light of a candle instan- 
taneously upon entering it and kills by 
suffocation: the latter is highly com- 
bustible and explodes upon coming in- 
to contact with the light of a candle or 
other blaze. Now, it appears quite 
obvious, that if the floors of mines 
had in all parts of them declivities to- 
wards an open drain, so that water 
would run off, carbonic acid gas could 
not accumulate so as to be dangerous, 
and it appears equally plain, that if all 
parts of the roofs of mines had acclivi- 
ties towards an open shaft hydrogen 
gas could not accumulate-so as to be 
dangerous. But it is well known that 
the shafts of coal mines are generally 
placed upon the deep of the strata, and 
the work people work upwards into 
chambers or recesses, the entrances into 
which are lower than the roofs, and in 
these hydrogen gas must accumulate, 
and all inequalities in the bottom are 
liable to the accumulations of carbonic 
acid gas. 

I never explored but two mines, the 
one is an old lead mine, which, it is 
said, was worked by the ancient Ro- 
mans, the other is a modern coal mine ; 
the former must, as I think, be per- 
fectly safe as it regards either of the 

gases ; 


116 


gases, and the latter must be very dan- 
‘serous. It is not unlikely that the 
ancient Romans understood the prin- 
ciple of safety, and that a knowledge 
of this principle might be lost by the 
long absence of danger; but within 
these last twelve months fifty-two men 
have been killed in the neighbourhood 
of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and eleven 
in one mine, and five in another, in 
this neighbourhood : the importance of 
the thing cannot, therefore, be dis- 
puted, and if there is a means of avoil- 
ing all danger, the use of it should be 
enforced by law ; for, though the safety 
lamp may have its use where the mines 
lave to work in the midst of the gas, 
nothing can be so safe as avoiding the 
cause of danger. T. BAKEWELL, 
Spring Vale, near Stone. 
7th Jan. 1822. 


i — 
LAPE ITALIANA. 
No. XXVIII. 


Dov’ ape susurrando 
Nei mattutiui albori 
Vola suggendo 1 rngiodosi umoii. 
Guarini. 
Where the bee at early dawn, 
Murmuring sips the dews of morn. 


LORENZO PIGNOTTI. 

N our endeavours to call the most 
alluring blossoms of the Italian 
Muse, all fascinating has she has dis- 
played her powers in the dutori viventt, 
or living authors, we have occasionally 
laid before our readers various frag- 
ments, various approved morceau, sc- 
lected from an abundant banquet, 
which have reminded the classic scho- 
lar, the elegant Literato, that the coun- 
try. so immortalized by her Dante, the 
facetious Boccaccio. and a tender Pe- 
trarch, has not ceased even in our days 
to be prolific in genuine productions of 
the most lively fancy and the most cul- 
tured imagination. But the author 
we have now before us has been hither- 
to but little generally known to the 
British reader; although the various 
dedications of his learned works to the 
several great patrons of British litera- 
ture prove that within his circle he 
numbered men the most renowned, as 
protectors of the elegant and the use- 
ful. Pignotti is not indeed a living 
author, for the year 1512 snatched him 
from the ornament of Italian letters ; 
but, as a considerable part of his works 
have appeared only within the last few 
years, and stamped his fame beyond the 
reach of malignant criticism, he must 
be considered, although descended to the 
tomb, as fresh and alive in our recol- 


L Ape Italiana.—No. XXVIH. 


{March 3, 


lection. And his elegant poetic tales, 
his peaceful fables, which have procured 
him the well-earned title of father of 
that species of Italian poetry; his 
splendid History of Tuscany, or rather, 
indeed of Italy, which includes every 
grand event which has rendered that 
country so interesting to Europe at 
large since she emerged from the bou- 
dage of the Romans, proclaim him 
aloud as probably the most inviting 
author Italy has contemplated at the 
preseut day. His first fable is the 
Origin of Fable Itself’ (Origine della 
Favola,) with this he opens his unri- 
valled series of the adorned- Fable, 
(Favola ornata) a composition for 
which Italian poetry is indebted alone 
to Pignotti, on account of the fine dis- 
cernment he knew so well how to in- 
troduce into works of fancy. In this 
graceful fable, he feigns a female more 
beautiful, more splendid than the sun 
itself, and of greater age too, sent upon 
this terrestrial heap from the celestial 
lucid regions, here to dissipate -with 
her divine brightuess the blind fog of 
human error. 


¢* Una Donna pui bella assai del sole 
E pui lucente e di maggior etale 
Mandata fu sulla terrestre mole, 
Dalle celesti lucide Contrade 
Per dissipar col suo divin folgore 
La cicea nebbia dell umaus eriore.” 


In the one hand she held a burning 
torch, in the other a glass which point- 
ed out the image of every object, not 
what it appears, but what in effect it 
is. Here we have fable born. Here 
let the guilty hypocrite take a view of 
himself, not as his soft countenance 
would paint him, not as his hands 
raised in pious attitude would persuade 
him, not the downcast eye or grave 
deportmeut, but let him view the fall- 
ing mantle which discovers the hand 
grasping the guilty knife. Then the 
courtier who conceals from his sove- 
reign all real merit; the withered 
belle, whose arts would throw a veil 
over the injuries of time; the philoso- 
pher, too, who calls him mad who seeks 
honours and gold, is here only a learn- 
ed Charlatan, and from that same la- 
cerated mantle with which he would 
cover vanity, his own vanity alone be- 
comes the more apparent. Glad and 
contented, indeed, were mortals to re- 
ceive fable when she first appeared ; 
humble and reverent, they listened to 
her seducing tales; but when the glass 
only displayed to them their own as- 
pect in all its deformity, fable was 

chased 


1822. ] 


chased away from the philosopher, the 
hypocrite, the courtier, and the belle, 
‘with rage and indignation. Then she 
took refuge amongst a crowd of theo- 
logians, but amongst that wicked 
crowd, who, under the false pretext of 
religion, have made war upon philo- 
sophy. Here, indeed, for a time she 
was received, but availing herself of the 
powers of her glass, was designated 
irreverent and impious, and threatened 
with fire and sword. The fertile, the 
adorned imagination of the elegant au- 
thor then carries fable through all the 
deceitful scenes of courts, till offended 
majesty, advised by cunning courtiers, 
orders the expulsiou of the goddess. 
What greater compliment could the 
ever-grateful, the complacent Pignotti 
pay to the late grand Duke Leopold, of 
Tuscany (afterwards Emperor of Aus- 
tria) the elegant sovereign, it may be 
said, of an elegant people, than by in- 
troducing him here as the friend of 
fable, and laying aside all the trappings 
of his royal magnificence (which in 
effect, too, and not in fable, this great 
sovereign was so often wont to do!) He 
went to seek her far from his princely pa- 
lace, and conducted the goddess amidst 
a thousand acclamations, to sit by the 
side of his throne. A philosophic fa- 
mily was that of Leopold, and such 
Pignotti does not fail to remind us that 
it was ; for here fable might have found 
her permanent abode; here might have 
rejoiced to have discovered enlightened 
intellect open to the imstructions of 
truth: here she might have displayed 
with unceasing effect the magic powers 
of irresistible fancy ;—here have deve- 
loped, to the edification of mankind, her 
endless and attractive beauties: but 
no, not in the court of Leopold, not 
even around the throne of this father of 
his people was man to be found perfect ; 
and in order to exculpate himself from 
the attacks of the goddess, she was re- 
probated with the titles of Envy and of 
Slander. The gallant poet must now 
needs introduce her amidst a crowd of 
amorous women, from whose com- 
pany, however, Fable was soon gen- 
teelly and courteously dismissed. Thus 
the sacred goddess, finding no longer 
any sojourn adapted to her amongst 
miserable mortals, was about to re- 
turn to heaven from this lower world, 
when an august lady, serious but not 
severe in countenance, mild in her ac- 
tions, cautious in speech, intent upon 
well- measuring the looks and gestures 
of others, fearful of offence, approached 


Lorenzo Pignotti. 


117 


her, desiring she would defer her flight, 
patiently attend to her soft exhorta- 
tious, that she might henceforth find 
as kind a reception upon earth as she 
had hitherto been disdained and disre- 
garded. -The reader may well imagine 
that the poet under the “ august lady”’ 
here introduces Prudence, under whose 
grateful moderation the satire of Fable 
has been disarmed of all its venom; 
truth enveloped amidst such pleasing 
effusions that it no longer appears in the 
arb of merciless severity, ‘“ likegum,” 
says the author, “ spread over rude 
wood, in order to render it more soft 
and pleasing to the touch.” 
“ Come su legno ruvido si stende 
“ Gomma, che liscio, e dolce al Tatto il 
rende.” 

Here is Fable, returning upon earth 
with more attractive colours, clothed in 
an azure mantle, her blond locks dis- 
posed in beauteous order, her garment 
adorned with the flowers of joy, the 
fatal glass concealed in white drapery, 
and her severe majestic countenance 
enclosed in the pleasing mask of cheer- 
fulness. Thus, with the wise guide of 
Prudence always by her side, enlighten- 
ed by her mild precepts, she alone un- 
folded the fatal crystal from the dra- 
pery when Prudence commanded it, 
and directed it only where her nod 
dictated. Can ideas more ingenious, 
more fertile, more happily successful, 
be invented for the birth of Fable? But 
Pignotti was the potent master of all 
of these ; to him it was reserved to in- 
troduce into theadorned Fable, a grace 
of composition, a pleasing elegance of 
nature, added to a refined discernment, 
which drew down upon him the most 
unqualified applausé ofall cotemporary 
poets, which made him not only the first 
of them, but Italy, the classic, the learn- 
ed Italy, till now boasting of no A‘Xsop, 
no Phedrus, no Fontaine, nor even a 
Gay, proud in the splendid opportu- 
nity of crowning him the father of Ita- 
lian fable. “Il Padre della Favola 
{taliana.”’ 

But to return to the success of 
Fable; Pignotti makes. her avoid 
every suspicion of unbecoming harsh- 
ness, of severe pedagogical maxims, 
unsoftened by the attractive and thehar- ° 
monious, so that instead of displaying 
the human aspect the figure of an animal 
is painted, the voice and human pas- 
sions given to the generous steed or the 
faithful-dog. Thus, in describing an 
unfortunate oppressed by a powerful 
villain, we have the tender lamb -_ 

ani 


118 


and toru in pieces by the devouring 
wolf, or the ferocious hawk darting 
from on high upon the innocent and 
timid dove. Thns Fable makes AZsop 
relate the treachery of the frog towards 
the rat, and Ariosto the tale of the 
grasshopper as a lesson to flattering 
poets. In short, so gracefully had Fa- 
ble now learnt to interweave the pleas- 
ing with the austere; so many fictions 
adorned with the irresistible persua- 
sions of truth, that each individual dis- 
covering in them the defects of others, 
but not his own, gladdened his heart 
in the pleasing consolation of an inno- 
cent and unconvicting pastime, whilst 
the clement deity, self-love, sweet com- 
fort to wretched mortals, benignly in- 
terpreted the good and the ills of those 
fictions and narrations; that every one 
then was glad to laugh at the faults of 
others, and the derider himself became 
unknowingly the derided. So the god- 
dess Fable found her final gracious re- 
ception among mortals, so she has con- 
tinued to charm and please, so she has 
pointed out the good path of life, and 
succeeded in delighting even in speak- 
ing the wholesome truth. 

It has been said of this great poet 
that one of the original and precious 
characteristics of his poetry was that of 
uniting whatever fancy possesses of 
most pleasing and most varied with all 
that reason contains instructive and 
philosophical. There are a few of his 
imitations (for he always preferred imi- 
tations to translation,) in which he may 
not have been altogether successful, but 
whilst he did not choose to write either 
epistles or satires, nor to form a poetic 
art of his own, he is still justly entitled 
to be called, together with the father of 
Italian fable, the Horace and the Boi- 
leau of Italian literature. In his pe- 
enliar manner of painting vice and ri- 
dicule, he conceals the lash in the 
midst of the roses which blow around 
his ornamental descriptions, and causes 
them to be read even with interest, by 
those very persons who perhaps he had 
in view when writing them. 

In what has been already said of the 
origin of Fable given by Pignotti, the 
reader will have reason to expect that 
his fancy has been unbounded, and his 

‘powers omnipotent. In some future 
numbers, we shalljagain endeavour to 
offer some dissertations upon his most 
splendid productions; the field is rich 
and much can be gleaned, for Pignotti 
wrote much, and wrote sense too; ne- 
ver prostituted his talents, or demeaned 


L Ape Italiana.—No. XXVIII. 


[ March I, 


them by a protracted exhaustion of hu- 
man ability, with which some poets an 
comedians have been charged, and par- 
ticularly Goldoni, We will conclude 
this number with a short notice of his 
copious History of Tuscany, an English 
version of which is preparing fur the 
press, and will be shortly offered to 
the English reader. 

Like Alberti, liké Baretti, Pignotti 
combined the most astonishing and the 
strongest natural talents with the most 
profound erudition. The author of the 
Gift of the Lock, (La Trecia Donata) 
could also write the History of Tus- 
cany ; whilst facctious and all compli- 
mentary to the fair, he could dedicate 
hours to the most elaborate research, 
the most studied diction, the most 
learned dissertations upon the deepest 
antiquarians, in order to prove, like a 


‘warm lover of his country, the splen- 


did descent, the illustrious origin of 
that part of Italy which has been 
equally celebrated in arts and in arms, 
aud has been justly denotuinated the 
cradle of sciences. At a period of life, 
too, when nature bends beneath the 
oppressing weight of years, Pignotti 
began this elegant history; no manu- 
scripts, no archives, no libraries were 
left unsearched, whence he could draw 
arguments either contradictory or in 
support of the origin of the Etruscans. 
He wished to gratify the long express 
ed desires of his numerous learned 
friends respecting a history of Tuscany, 
or of Italy at large, and he succeeded 
equally, to the most sanguine expecta- 
tion. In his love of accuracy and truth 
he may occasionally have found it even 
necessary to disregard the studied effu- 
sions which burst upon us in a Robert- 
son or an Hume, but he has the singu- 
lar merit of combining the man of 
science with the historian, and intro- 
duces at every distinguished epoch a 
treatise or an essay either upon “ the 
Origin and Progress of the Italian Lan- 
guage,” or upon “ the Arts, Sciences, 
and Literature’ analogous to the pre- 
cise period of which he treats. In the 
history of the various republics of the 
middle ages of Italy, he is at once con- 
cise and accurate: this is an interest- 
ing period of European civilization ; 
and Pignotti well knew bow much Eu- 
rope of our days had to learn from his 
correct detail of continued internal dis- 
sensions, of changes of government, of 
translation from liberty to slavery, 
which in these ages marked the most 
beautiful and alluring regions of our 

: portion 


182%. | 


portion of the globe. He continued his 
interesting work down to the final es- 
tablishment of the Grand Duchy, since 
which epoch, Tuscany, deprived of any 
national representation, and forming 
no pvlitical consideration, or indeed 
very little in the scale of Europe, has 
ceased to be an object of attraction for 
the politician, but continues the de- 
light of the muses and the learned. 
Pignotti finished his historical la- 
bours at a time when the late Emperor 
of the French subjected all works to a 
censure at a distance of 300 leagues 
from the place of their birth ; to obviate 
which, this history was reserved for 
happier times, and only upon the res- 
toration of the present reigning sove- 
reign of Tuscany, Ferdinand III. was 
this elegant preduction given to the 
world. Pignotti was now no more; his 
History of Tuscany is, therefore, a pos- 
thumous work: but Ferdinand, ever 
mindful of his transcendant merits as 
the very Michael-Angelo of literature, 
caused a statue to be erected to his me- 
mory in that sacred depository of the 
great and the illustrious, the Campo 
Santo of Pisa. B. 
—a 


To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. 
SIR, 

R. MURRAY, in his interesting 

account of the progress of geo- 
graphical discovery in Asia, for which 
his readers must feel themselves under 
great obligations, has not mentioned 
the route of CAPTAIN ROBERT RAYNE 
across the northern desart of Arabia 
and Chaldea. Possessing what I be- 
lieve to be the original MS. account of 
this journey, I thought it would be ac- 
ceptable to the public, at the present 
time, as the Persian army is said to 
have already crossed the Euphrates at 
Bassora, for the purpose of occupying 
the Asiatic dominions of the Turks. I 
should, therefore, be obliged by your 
inserting it in your valuable Miscel- 
lany. The ancient geography of this 
part of the world is enveloped in much 
obscurity, and the Chaldzi montes of 
Ptolemy would appear by this route to- 
be as much misplaced as the Croker 
mountains of Captain Ross. 

SAMUEL RoorTsEy. 
Bristol, Dec. 18th, 1821. 
JOURNAL, 
March 18. From LAaTIcHEA,* road to- 
lerable for 20 miles,then a deep de- 


scent the Cafar 25 


* Laodicea of the ancients. 


Captain Rayne’s Roule across the Desart of Arabia. 


119 
March 19. Road narrow paths, scragey 
rocks, romantic myrtle and laurels.* 
Shogle+ 20 
— 20. First part hills and vallies ; no 
trees ; olive plantations near Edilip 24 
— 21. Plain open country ; no trees, 
Marah{ 10 
— 22. Open country to Kauntemaun 15 


——.Smallriver; rocksto ALEPPO§ 7 
Total 101 
May 20. Course E.SE. Road open and 
stony ; wild thyme; sage and bar- 
ley ; a well of brackish water at 
Ain il Sable 
— 22. E.SE. Road stony soil; a rivu- 
let; good forage and water at 
Nahr il daheb 6 
— 29. SE. by E. Road stony soil ; good 
forage; aromatic herbs ; little good 
water c Karibee|| 3 
— 30. SE. by E. Road stony soil ; open 
country ; a well of good water; 
good forage ; liquorice roots 
KasafG 2 
Junel. ESE. Open country; soil 
sandy; aromatic herbs, and good 


14 


forage ; no water : 12 
— 2.SE. Open country ; gravelly soil; 
good forage for the camels only; 
no water . : 5 722 
— 3. SE. by E. Open country ; little 
forage ; hills and wells of bad water 
at 4 Auboomauntul 17 
— 4. ESE. Hills on both sides of the 
road ; barren country ; no water 17 
— 5. SE. by E. Plain road ; on each 
side hills; barren soil; good water 
and forage at Tibil 18 
111 
— 7. SE. by E. Open road ; good fo- 
rage; soil light and gravelly; no 
water ; 3 . 24 
— 8. SE. Open road; good forage ; 
soil sandy and gravelly; no water 23 
— 9. E.SE. Road good; soil hard and 
little forage ; wells of bad water, 
Gibul Gannun 20 
— 10. SE. Road rising ground; soil 
gravelly and loose stones; some 
forage ; no water : 18 
—11. ESE. Hilly country ; soil gra- 
velly, and good forage ; no water 17 


-— 12. SE. by E., and N. by W. Road 
rising ground; good forage and 


* Probably part of “* that sweet grove of 
Daphne, by Orontes.’’—Milton, 

+ Selucia ad Belum. 

{ Probably the Macra of Strabo. 

§ Notwithstanding some weak objections 
that have been raised, I believe this place 
to be the ancient Chalybon, and the Helbon 
of Ezek, 27. 

|| Perhaps the Acaraba, v. Cellar, map. 

q Perhaps Asaph. 

water 


120 


water on the banks of the Euphrates 
Shereah* 2 


June 14. SE. by E. Road good ; soil 
white and stony; some good fo- 
rage ; no water 27 

—15. ESE. Road good ; scanty fo- 
rage; soil white and stony; some 

parts ig ; no water 25 


— 16. SE.by E. Country hilly and 
barren, at Hoglatharan 10 
.S. by E. A bed ofa river ; good 
water; scanty forage; no water 6 
— 17. SE. by S. Light soil; little fo- 
rage, and bad water 15 
——. SE. by E. Adry river ; rocky 
soil, and good forage 5 
— 18. E.by S. Bad water, and good 
forage, at Zazorat 16 
. SSE. Gravelly soil; good fo- 
rage, but no water 10 
— 19. SE. by E., Good road ; soil 
light ; good forage ; dry river 4 


--S.SE. With wells of good water, 
Birradig 24 
— 20. SE. by E. Road good; light soil, 
and excellent forage; no water 12 
— 21. SE. by E., Fine soil and forage; 
a well of bad water Rosolin 14 
. ESE. Good forage, and wild 
capers ; 3; mo water 6 
— 22. SE. by E. Road good ; soil 
producing good salt; good forage 
and water at Sheetetah 12 


— 23. E.SE. Open country ; soil gra- 
velly andsandy; bushes and good 
forage ; good water near Alcander,} 
and bad at Ain il Cadarah 10 

— 24. E. by S. Soil sandy and gra- 
velly; bushes and good forage ; 
halted on the plain ; no water 16 

— 25. ESE. Road broken grounds ; 
latter even and gravelly; past two 
springs of bad water ;§ some forages 
halted 12 

— 26.SE. Soil light ; a spring “and ri- 
vulet of good water, with good fo- 
rage . Rahkymah 6 


44 


* Certainly ancient Sura, which stood at 


the turn of the Euphrates. Gawhim ruins 
seem to be Thapsacus, or Amphipolis, pro- 
bably so called from its vicinity to Sura. 
The Sura of the map I take to be the an- 
cient Sora. 

+ Not knowing which Arabic letter this 
“ Z” is meant for, I suppose this place may 
be the Dadara or Dacira of the ancients. 

{ Perhaps Vologesia, on the river Marses, 
-y. Cellarius’ map. The other ruins on the 
map are probably those of Pallacope. 

§ Perhaps Teekdagaun may be Didugna. 


Beauties of the Old Ballad. 


[Mareh 1, 


June 27.SE. by S. Soil heavy; sand and 

light earth; gravel; excellent wa- 

ter and provisions at Ain Syad 18 
— 28. SE. by S. Bad read; scanty 

forage; fern* trees; soil stony ; 

no water 21 
— 29.SE.by S. Soil barren and stony, 

andstrongly impregnated with salt ; 

good forage and water Kusph 12 
— 30. SE. by E. Svil impregnated 

with salt; shrubs; latterly stony 

aud barren ; bad water; good fo- 

rage Gruderah 20 
July 1. SE. by E. Soil barren and 

stony; some forage; halted on the 

plain ; no water 20 
—2. ESE. Light soil and shrubs ; 

bad water at Ain Syad 6 
——.SE. Hard ground; little forage ; 

no water 14 
— 3. SE. by E. Rising ground ; bar- 

ren and stony; latterly gravel; good 

water and scanty forage, Gusscer 17 
— 4. E. byS. Soil sandy and gravel ; 

little forage ; good water, at Arnab 15 
— 6. ESE. Soil sandy; some forage 

and good water at Kanagah © 5 
— 7. E.SE. First part crossed a ridge 

of sand hills; the remainder gra- 


velly and sandy soil; scanty fo- 

rage; no water 24 
— 8. E. by N. Light sand and gravel ; 

some shrubs 2 12 

. SE. by E. Scanty forage ; vile 
water, at Chobdah 12 
196 

— 14. ESE. Soil sandy and gravelly ; 

little freee shrubs; good water 
at CoeSdaht+ 34 

—15. E.NE. Soil gravelly ; little fo- 
rage ; good water at Zeebere 6 


-NE. Soil barren, sand and strong- 
ly impregnated with salt, BAssonA 9 


49 

From Latichea to Aleppo 101 
From Aleppo to Bassora 691 
Grand total 792 


N.B. Those days of the month that are 
omitted were halting days. 
tae Fars 


For the Monthly Magazine. 
BEAUTIES of the OLD BALLAD. 


T is a remarkable fact, that the two 
most important changes in the his- 
tory of the country have been partly 
accomplished hy OLD BALLADS. At 
the battle of Hastings, the Normans 
commenced the onset, singing the song 


* Firs are probably meant. 
+ Perhaps the ancient Cauchabeni from 
hence. 
of 


Tea | 


of Roland, a famous peer of Charle- 
magne; and the great revolution of 
1688 was partly effected by the well- 
known song of Lillibulero, made on the 
appointment of Talbot to the lieute- 
nancy of Ireland. Thesong of Roland 
is lost, but we still have Lillibulero, the 
first and best verse of which is the fol- 
lowing: 
Ho! hroder Teague, dost hear de decree? 
- Lilli bulero bu len a-la, 
Dat we shall have a new deputee, 
Lilli bulero bullen a-la. 
Lero lero, lilli bulero, lero lero bullen a-la, 
Lero lero, lilli bulero, lero lero bullen a-la. 
Ho! by Shaint Tyburn, it is de Talbote : 
Lilli, &e. 
This miserable doggrel, we are told, 
had a more powerful effect than either 
the orations of Cicero or Demosthenes : 
the impression it made, according to 


- Burnet, can only be imagined by those 


that saw it; ‘the whole army, and at 
last, the people, both in city and coun- 
try, were singing it perpetually,’ 
“What mighty contests rise from trivial 
things,” 

is proverbial, but the power and fasci- 
nation of the old metrical romance, ap- 
pears, at first view, inexplicable. “I 
never heard,” says Sir Philip Sydney, 
“ the old song of Percie and Douglas, 
that I found not my heart moved more 
than with a trumpet;” and Ben Jon- 
son used to say he had rather have 
been the author of that fine old ballad 
than all his works. Addison, who had 
seen only a later version of Chevy Chase 
of the time of Elizabeth, has compared 
the fine passages with the best parts of 
Virgil; and it must be allowed, if po- 
etical excellence consists in the power 
to yield pleasure to the greatest number 
of individuals, that the Chevy Chase of 
the English bard is superior to the 
Aimeid of the Roman poet. 

If, in fact, we examine the materiel of 
the ancient ballads, we shall cease to 
wonder at the admiration they have ex- 
cited. They contain the soul of true 
poetry. There is in them all that can 
move the heart, delight the imagination, 
or chain the attention. Scenes of love 
and tenderness—the adventures of chi- 
ete frolics of kings and tinkers 
—of robbers, gypsies, and friars, form 
their subjects; and these narrated ina 
style of unaffected simplicity, and with 
a vigour and sincerity of feeling, that 
give the impress of reality to the crea- 
tions of the imagination. That such 
themes, so treated, should interest, is 
far from wonderful. The sources on 

Monvtuiy MAG, No, 365. 


Beauties of the Old Ballad. 


121 


which they draw for admiration are uni- 
versal, and will find a mirror in every 
bosom: they appeal to nature—to our 
passions—our love--hatred and curiosity 
—and that any numerous class should 
be insensible to such appeals, would be 
more surprising than that their’ domi- 
nien is universal. Add to this, the old 
ballads derive some advantage even 
from rudeness and antiquity; the no- 
velty of an obsolete language, and the 
glimpse of ancient manners, conduciug 
in part to their general attractions. 
Besides, they rarely contain any wire- 
drawn poem, or complicated plot: the 
old songs, it is true, are of the nature 
of epics, with a beginning, a middle, 
and an end; but the plot generally 
turns on a simple incident, comprised 
in a few stanzas, apparently struck out 
at a heat, and starting with a vigour 
and impetuosity that inclines the reader 
to sing them after the minstrel fashion, 
rather than recite them like ordinary 
verse. Their grossieretés are the fault 
of all early writing, and as long as the 
staple commodity is good, to demur on 
account of indelicacies of language, 
would be like shunniag a person, other- 
wise unexceptionable, on account of his 
clothes. No doubt, any modern imi- 
tation of these defects would be disgust- 
ing enough, inasmuch as we should not 
expect from an educated person the 
behaviour of a clown; but in the old 
bards, their freedom and simplicity 
augment their value, by clothing them 
with the venerable hoar of antiquity, 
which, like the crust on good old port, 
attests their-age and genuineness. 

We will now give a few specimens of 
the Old English Ballads; they are a 
fruitful mine, from which later poets 
have drawn the rude materials of their 
finest poetry, and polished it into gems 
of the purest ray. Even the Great 
Dramatist has been largely indebted to 
the old bards;—the plot of the ‘« Mer- 
chant of Venice’’ is evidently taken 
from the ancient ballad, entitled “ A 
new Song, show the crueltie of Ger- 
nutus, a Jewe, who lending to a mer- 
chant one hundred crownes, would 
have a pound of his fleshe, because he 
could not pay him at the time appoint- 
ed. To the tune of ‘ Black and Yel- 
low.’”’ 

The sequel of Gernutus’s story cor- 
responds exactly with the remorseless 
Shylock. 

The bloudie Jew now ready is 

With whetted blade in hand, 

To spoyle the bloud of innocent, 

By forfeit of his bond. 
Q Aud 


122 


And as he was about to strike 
In him the deadly blow : 

Stay, quoth the judge, thy crueltie ; 
I charge thee to do so; 


Sith needs thou wilt thy forfeit have, 
Which is of flesh a pound: 

See that thou shed no drop of bloud, 
Nor yet the man confound. 


For if thou doe like murderer, 
Thou bere shalt hanged be : 

Likewise of flesh see that thou cut 
No more than longes to thee. 


For if thou take either more or lesse 
To the value of a mite, 

Thou shalt be hanged presently, 
As is both law and right. 


The rest is wel! known. 

“ The Passionate Shepherd to his 
Love” is a beautiful old sonnet quoted 
in the Merry Wives of Windsor, and 
erroneously ascribed to Shakspeare. 
The real author was Christopher Mar- 
low, a dramatic writer of some repute, 
who lost his life by a stab received in a 
brothel, before the year 1593. Isaac 
Walton has inserted it in his ‘* Com- 
plete Augler,”? under the character of 
“ that smooth song, which was made by 
_ Kit Marlow, now at least fifty years 
ago.’ Sir Walter Raleigh wrote the 
“ Nymph’s Reply to the Passionate 
Shepherd,” but we can only insert a 
part of the latter, which has beeu fre- 
quently imitated : 


Live with me, and be my love, 

And we wil ali the pleasures prove 

That hils and valies, dale and field, 

And all the craggy mountains yield. 


. There will we sit upon the rocks, 
And see the shepherds feed their flocks, 
By shallow rivers, to whose falis. 
Melodious birds sing madrigals. 


Then will I make thee beds of reses 
With a thousand fragrant posies, 

A cap of flowers, and a kirtle, 
imbrodered all with leaves of mirtle. 


_A belt of straw, and ivie buds, 

With coral clasps, and amber studs ; 

And if these pleasures may thee move, 

Then live with me, and be my love. 

The sweet little sonnet which fol- 
lows has also been ascribed to Shak- 
speare with as little authority ; the first 
stanza is found in “ Measure for Mea- 
sure,” and both are preserved in Beau- 
mont and Fletcher’s “Bloody Brothe:” 

Take, oh take those lips away, 

That so sweetlye were forsworne, 

And those eyes, the breake of day, 

Lights that do misleade the morne: 

But my kisses bring againe, 

Scales of love, but seal’d in vaine. 


Beduties of the Old Ballad. 


[ Mareh 1; 


Hide, oh hide those hills of snowe, 
Which thy frozen bosom beares, 
On whose tops the pinkes that growe, 
Are of those that April wears: 

But first set my poor heart free, 
Bound in those icy chaines by thee. 


“ King Leirand his three Daugters,”’ 
an ancient ballad, bears so exact an ana- 
logy to the argument of Shakspeare’s 
play, that there can be little doubt of 
its being the foundation of his tragedy. 
It is too long for insertion, and the first 
stanza is only given as a specimen of 
the metre: 

King Leir once ruled in this land, 

With princely power and peace, 
And had all things with heart’s content, 
That might his joys increase : 
Amongst those things that nature gave, 
Three daughters fair had he, 
So princely seeming beautiful, 
As fairer could not be. 

What follows is of a different charac- 
ter, and was intended by the poet lau- 
reate of the day to celebrate the glories 
of Agincourt. The homeliness of this 
laureate effusion would incline one to 
think that something has appended to 
this office at all times, to depress the 
holders below their cotemporaries in 
every thing except maudlin piety and 
courtly adulation. We give the first 
stanza of this carmen triumphale as a 
curiosity : 

Oure kynge went forth to Normandy, 

With grace and myzt of chivalry ; 

The God for iim wrouzt marvelously, 

Wherefore Englande may calle and cry, 

Deo gratias, Sc. 

The humorous and lively deserip- 
tion of the “ Dragen of Wantley,” a 
rapacious overgrown attorney, shows 
the vigorous strokes with which the 


- hallad-makers struck out their charac- 


fers: 

This Dragon had two furious wings, 
Each one upon each shoulder ; 

With a sting in his tay! as long as a flayl, 
Which made him bolder and bolder. 


He had long claws, and in his jaws 
Four and forty teeth of iron ; 

With a hide as tough as any buff, 
Which did him round environ. 


But it is in scenes of tenderness the beau- 
ties of theBallad shine most bewitching- 
ly. The Childe (aname formerly given 
to knights) of Elle,” is particularly ad- 
mired for its affecting simplicity. We 
can conceive nothing more touching 
and dignified than the following : 
The Baron he stroakt his dark-brown 
cheek, 
And turnde his heade asyde 
To 


1822.] 


To whipe awaye the starting teare 
He proudly strove to hide. 


In deepe revolving thought he stood 
4nd musde a little space ; 

Thea raisde faire Emmeline from 

: ground, 

With many fond embrace. 

* The Nut-Browne Mayd,” forms 
the ground-work of Prior’s “ Henry 
and Emma,” aud though thickly cover- 
ed with the rust of antiquity—being at 
least three hundred years old—is justly 
adinired for sentimental beauties. We 
give the introductory stanza: 

Be it ryght, or wrong, these men among, 

Ou women do complayne, 

A Hyrmyge this, how that it is 

A Jabour spent in vayne, 

To love them well; for never a dele 

They love a mon agayne: 

For late a man do what he can, 

Theyr favour to attayne, 

Yet yfa newe do them pursue, 

Theyr fyrst true lover then 
Laboureth for nought; for from her thought 

He isa banysned man. 

The elegant little scunet of “ Cupid 
and Campaspe,”’ though not so old as 
the last, isa real déjou. It is found in 
the third act of an old play, entitled 
“ Alexander and Campaspe,”’ written 
by John Lilye, a ceiebrated writer, in 
that prolific age of true poetry, the 
Elizabethan : 

Cupid and my Campaspe playd 

At cards for kisses ; Cupid payd: 

He stakes his quiver, bow and arrows, 

His mother’s doves, and teame of sparrows, 
Loses them too; then down he throws 
The coral of his lippe, the rose 

Growing on’s cheek (but none knows how) 
With these, the crystal of his browe, 

Aud then the dimple of his chinne ; 

All these did my Campaspe winne. 

At last he set her both his eyes, 

She won, and Cupid blind did rise. 

O Love! bas she done this to thee ? 

What shall, alas! become ofme? ~ 

The next, with which we shall con- 
elude our selections, though too deeply 
tinged with affectation and refinement 
to be ranked among bardic beauties 
has too much merit to be omitted : 


TO LUCASTA ON GOING TO THE WAR 
Tell me not, sweet, I am uvkinde, 
That from the nunnerie 
Of thy chaste breast, and quiet minde 
To warre aud armes J flie. , 


the 


True, a new mistresse now I chose, 
The first foe in the field ; 

And with a stronger faith embrace 
A sword, a horse, a shield. 


Yet this inconstancy is such 
As you, too, shall adore ; 


Meteorological Phenomena. 


125 


I could not love thee, deare, so much, 
Lov’d I not honour more. 

In these extracts we have passed over 
“ Barbara Allan,” * Chevy Chase,” and 
others, the beauties of which are teo 
universally known to need pointing out. 
Our object has only been to gather a 
few flowers from the rich meadow of 
ancient poesy, avd range them in a 
garland, not inferior, we trust, either 
in fragrance or beanty, to many of our 
modern bouquets. Many pieces of per- 


haps greater excellence we have been 


obliged to omit from their length, and 
the dificulty of quoting them in mode- 
rate compass, soas to be intelligible. In 
this, indeed, have consisted the difieul- 
ties of our task, for it must be con- 
fessed, that the old poetry, like the old 
architecture, was a little massive in 
structure, and in taking away a few 
fragments, or perhaps, some of those 
impurities with which its beauties are 
obscured, one is iv danger of bringing 
down too much of the building. But in 
what we have done, we trust, our ex- 
tracts will not be considered too long, 
nor affected by these indelicacies that 
have been objected to the otherwise 
incomparable Old Ballad. 
—— oe 

To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. 

SIR, 

S every information respecting 

meteorological phenomena cannot 
fail to be acceptable to you, and, by in- 
sertion in your Magazine, will be more 
extensively circulated than by any 
other means with which I am acquaint- 
ed, I beg to communicate to you my 
observations on the extraordinary fall 
of the barometer, which occurred at 
this place, on the 24th, and 28th of last 
month. 

On the 23d of December, at 10 P.M. 
the barometer stood at 28-92, but sunk 
rapidly during the night and following 
day until 9 P.M. when it had reached 
the minimum 27°77, the wind blowing 
from the §.E.a heavy gale, and the 
thermometer indicating a temperature 
of 45°50. Very soon after this time the 
mercury began to rise, for at ten 
o’clock that night it had risen to 27-S5, 
a gradual ascent followed, and on the 
night of the 27th, the barometer was at 
28°74, but in the course of that night 
and the next day it fell with great ra- 
pidity, and in the evening of the 28th 
had descended to 27-915 after this it 
continued rising during the remainder 
of the month. 

1 anvinduced to consider this depres- 

sion 


124 


sion of the barometer as extraordinary, 
because on examining the tables, pub- 
lished by the Royal Society, of the Ob- 
servations made at their house from 
the 1st of January, 1774, to the end of 
the year 1820, I find the minimum there 
given is only 28:18, and also from 
another set of tables in the Philosophi- 
cal Transactions of Observations made 
by Thomas Barr, Esq. at Lyndon, in 
Rutlandshire, from the year 1774 to the 
year 1799, (both inclusive) it appears 
that the barometer was only twice ob- 
served by that gentleman below 28 
inches, viz. 27-88 in March, 1783, and 
27°92 in January, 1791. From the 
Meteorological Report given in your 
excellent Miscellany, the extremes of 
the barometer are 30°88 and 27:97, and 
in the results of Mr. Pitt’s observations 
made at Carlisle, as published by you, 
the mercury does not appear to have 
ever been below 28 inches, although 
his tables are continued for upwards of 
twenty years; and I am further con- 
firmed in my opinion by an examina- 
tion of the observations made at Ed- 
monton, by that scientific and indefa- 
tigable meteorologist, the master of La- 
tymer’s School. That sucha fall would 
have astonished the philosophical men 
of the last century we may be assured, 
for the celebrated Dr. Wallis never saw 
the barometer lower than 27:99. Mr. 
‘Townley, indeed, observed the mercury 
to fall to 27-80 about 2 p.m. on the 24th 
January, 1698; and Mr. Henry Beigh- 
ton states “ that on theSth of January, 
1734-5, during the greatest storm that 
had been in those days, the mercury 
fell to a tenth below 28 inches, which 
had not been seen,” he says, ** in that 
age, or perhaps since Torricelli’s time.” 
JAMES G, TATEM. 

Harpenden, near St. Albans, Herts. 

Jan. 22, 1822. 

—f>— 
THE GERMAN STUDENT. 
: No. XXIII. 

BEOBACTUNGEN auf REISON in und 
ausser DEUTSCHLAND von D. A. H. 

NIEMEYER. 
YS ana RG is the native place of 
D. Augustus Herman Niemeyer, 
who offers to the European public a 
series of Observations made during his 
Travels in and out of Germany, and of 
Reflections on the Events and Persons 
of hisown Times. He states, in a pre- 
liminary discourse, that he is now 
nearly seventy years of age, that he 
enjoys a lively memory, and recollects 
the original impressions made upon him 


The German Student. —Niemeyer’s Travels. . 


[March ], 


by successive political occurrences from 
the battle of Rossbach to the death of 
Napoleon ; and he proposes to comment 
on what still appears to him import- 
ant among his. various reminiscences. 
A file of the Hamburg Correspon- 
dent, the newspaper he has been in the 
ancient habit of consulting, is to assist 
the precision of his notices, and a jour- 
nal which was kept of his travels is to 
refresh his memory of places and per- 
sons. Chronology is to be sacrificed to 
variety ; and a beginning is made with 
those Travels in England which first 
elevated the author’s point of view 
above national considerations to the 
European level of appreciation. 

The author learnt English of his 
school-fellow, Samuel Thornton, and 
met him fifty years afterwards in Lon- 
don, a director of the Bank of England. 
Young Thornton gave him a Common 
Prayer Book ; and he records the strong 
impression made on him by the funeral 
service, and especially by the sentence, 
“ Wecommit this body to the ground ; 
earth to earth, ashes to ashes, dust to 
dust.”” 

Mr. Niemeyer was sent to the uni- 
versity in 1771, but hurries over his 
college years without specifying the 
place of study, which was probably 
Halle, or the professional career for 
which he was destined. On a sudden, 
fragments, dated 1770, but indited 
afresh, describe Brunswick, Hanover, 
and Bremen, in which last town, he 
laments to say, has not yet been realiz- 
ed that ccalition of the Lutheran and 
Calvinist churches, under a form of 
liturgy comprehending Unitarians, 
which throughout Protestant Germany 
has almost every where else taken 
place. The celebrated astronomer, O1- 
bers, from whose brain sprang the pla- 
net Pallas, is characterized as an active 
and benevolent pliysician. Hewas de- 
puted to Paris by his fellow-citizens 
when the French occupied the Baltic 
coast. Under the great church at Bre- 


-men is acatacomb called the Bleykeller. 


Anciently it was customary, if any fo- 
reigner died at Bremen, there to place 
the body until orders concerning the 
interment could be received from the 
kinsfolks. It was soon perceived that 
bodies so deposited did not putrefy, but 
are changed, as in the catacombs. of 
Toulouse, inte a sort of mummy. The 
corpse of a Countess Stanhope, not yet 
claimed by the family, has been pre- 
served there above 200 years. The 
Rathskeller, famous for its huge See 

° 


1822] 


of old hock, is also described, and the 
wine is compared, in the words of 
Klopstock, to the German character— 
“ Glowing, not boisterous, clear, strong, 
and void of empty foam.” 

Fragments of a~journey in Hoiland 
succeed, which are dated in 1806. As 
characteristic of the religious turn of 
the people, it is stated, that a Family 
Bible, edited with explanatory notes 
by the learned orientalist, Dr. Palm, at 
Leyden, had been subscribed for by 
3000 persons. A vessel, with guupow- 
der on board, -blew up on the canal of 
Delft, in our author’s hearing ; more 
than 700 houses were injured by the 
explosion. After visiting Amsterdam 
and Rotterdam, Mr. Niemeyer em- 
barked at Helvoetsluys for Harwich, 
which he reached in fifty-six hours. 

He lands, laughs at the Martello 
towers, dislikes the squat compactness 
ofan English dwelling, complains of 
the troublesome precautions imposed 
by the Alien bill, but ascends, with 
great admiration and delight, the Lon- 
don coach, of which a vignette engrav- 
ing is given. The ever-thickening 
throng of houses, carriages, and men, 
which announce the approach to the 
metropolis, producesa shining impres- 
sion. The foot-pavements and the shops 
dazzle in their turn. At length, the 
general features grow familiar, and the 
details of admiration succeed. 

In a chapter on Manners, some curi- 
ous remarks occur on the singular way 
in which the English spend their Sun- 
day. No other Protestant nation, no 
other Christian nation, keeps the sab- 
bath in so unjewish and unscriptural a 
manner. The literary ignorauce of 
John Knox appears to have occasioned 
this unclassical blunder, which is now 
consecrated by habit and by law.” The 
Jews at all periods have interpreted 
thedecalogue, as commanding a merry 
holiday on the sabbath, a relaxation 
from toil, a suspension of cares, an ex- 
hilaration of the spirits, a cheer to the 
bodily frame. They danced at the feast 
of the Lord in Shiloh, (Judges xxi, 19.) 
and the exhibition terminated not un- 
like those dances with which Romulus 
entertained the Sabine women. These 
early dances of worship did not at all 
accord with later ideas of decency ; 
for when David brought up the ark of 
God from Obed-edom (2 Samuel, vi, 20) 
the daughter of Saul reproached the 
king with having, like one of the vulgar, 
uncovered himself shamefully. After 
the building of the temple, a greater de- 


The German Student.—Niemeyer's Travels. 


125 


gree of refinement and decorum was 
introduced, and the sacred dances were 
confided to an appropriate trained band 
of dancers ; but these ballets were con- 
tinned asa part of weekly worship ; and 
some of the psalms were set to minuet 
and jig tunes, for the purpose of being 
performed during the dance; for in- 
stance, the 149th (see *Lorin’s commen- 
tary,) and the 150th. These dances, 
accompanied with songs, were gra- 
dually improved into operas, which 
were regularly exhibited on sabbath- 
days in the temple itself; and some of 
these operas had so Aristophanic a cha- 
racteras to have represented the scourg- 
ing of Heliodorus. After the conquest 
of Judea by Alexander and his succes- 
sors, the Greek language became so 
prevalent at Jeiusalem that these sa- 
cred dramas were given in Greek, and 
among the Apocrypha bas been pre- 
served a chorus of one of them, en- 
titled the Song of the Three Holy Chil- 
dren. Ezekiel, a Jewish poet, who 
flourished about forty years before 
Christ, composed a tragedy on the Exo- 
dus of the Israelites from Egypt, of 
which fragments remain. The Spanish 
mystery Las Profetias de Daniel has 
perhaps traditionally preserved another 
canvas as ancient as christianity. 
There is no reason to suppose that 
the early christians in the least swerved 
from the notorious practice of the Jews, 
or that they objected to sacred dramas 
and mysteries on Sundays, when these 
were compatible with their own reli- 
gion. All temples were then theatres ; 
and it was against frequenting pagan 
temples that the declamations of the 
fathers were directed. Christianity was 
first taught throughout the north of Eu- 
rope, by means of the stage. The mys- 
teries and miracle-plays of the first 
missionaries had familiarized the pro- 
minent incidents of biblical history, 
long before the art of reading could 
have been called in to communicate the 
chronicles themselves. If modern mis- 
sionaries had as much zeal and sense 
as those of the church of Rome, they 
would adopt in savage nations the same 
method of address, and would repre- 
sent, chiefly in pantomime, and with 
illustrative scenery, the Creatiou, the 
Deluge, the Exodus, the adventures of 


* In utroque psalmo nomine chori in- 
telligi posse cum certo instrumentohomines 
ad sonum ipsius tripudiantes : and again 
de tripudio, seu de multitudinesultantium 
et concinnentium, minime dubito. 

David 


126 
David, and the miracles of -Christ. 
Religion is less heloved, and the stage 
less moral, in consequenee of the dis- 
solution of their original alliance. Let 
it not be feared that religion would be 
degraded by thus mingling with our 
pleasures; this depends on the skilland 
excellence of the poet. Who that has 
seen Racine’s Athalie performed at 
the opera-house in Paris, but must 
allow that one evening spent at such 
an exhibition impresses more indelibly 
the finest passages of scripture, (Read 
the chorus Tout Punivers est plein de 
sa magnificence) and enlivens more 
powerfully a feeling for the beauties of 
p.ety, than a month’s attention to the 
fessons at church? Another valuable 
end is attained. By the learned and 
appropriate character of the decora- 
tions, a curious knowledge cf Jewish 
habits and ceremonies is widely scat- 
tered among tlie people, and distinctly 
engraved on the memory. ‘The pulpit 
often labours to communicate such in- 
formation: but how slowly, how im- 
perfectly it succeeds! A theatric 
chorus of Levites in procession, a 
scenic inside view of the temple, 
teaches more at a glance concerning 
Jewish costume and ritual than a 
week's poring over Gedwin’s Moses and 
Aaron. In Oxford and Cambridge, at 
least, and as a mean of instructing 
theologic students, who in England are 
lamentably ignorant, such biblical 
dramas should be regularly exhibited 
before the young clergy. The minu- 
tiz of the vestments, and utensils, and 
architectural decorations, illustrative 
of the ceremonial and fashion of the 
temple of Jerusalem, the mitres and 
plylacteries, the cherubic andirons, 
the candelabras of seven lamps, the 
pomegranates straining through a net 
sculptured on the capitals of the pilas- 
ters, should all, by the personal at- 
tendance aud criticism of the profes- 
sors of Hebrew antiquities, be brought 
to the utmost perfection of which such 
imitations are susceptible. From the 
seats of learning, a correct style of ha- 
biliment and decoration would thus ae- 
company sacred dramas into the other 
provinces of the empire, and render 
them worthy to employ and amuse the 
Sunday evening leisure of pious and 
intelligent families. 

But in England such, and indeed 
any amusements are ignorantly held to 
be irreligious. The theatres are shut, 
concerts are deemed a_profanation, 
ecards are forbidden, a woman may not 


The German Student.—Neimcyer's Travels. 


[March ], 


be seeu to knit or sew, nora man heard 
to sing or Jaugh; all must wear the 
face of gloom, and bear the ennui_ of 
idleness; many put on mourning. No 
books but of a spiritual cast may be 
opened; no parties of pleasure made 
for jaunts or festivity. Much neatness 
of dress is however observed; and the 
women of the inferior classes usually 
pass the whole Saturday night in wash- 
ing the linen of the family, that their 
husbands and children may appear 
cleanly at church; they also wash the 
floors and stairs, but this is dune in 
concealment. No one rises early on 
the Sunday. Only milk is suffered to 
be sold. The bakers supply no fresh 
bread; pious persons, however, bake 
their dinners at public ovens, or dine 
on cold meat, in order to spare their 
servants the sin of cookery. About 
nine in the morning, the bells of the 
churches begin a funeral toll, which 
every quarter of an hour increases 
in rapidity, until the hour of wor- 
ship. Then are first seen persons 
in the street, marching slowly with a 
face of awe, as if following a corpse. 
They are soon hidden in the temples, 
where priests pronounce absolution in a 
white robe, and exhortation in a black 
one; there is no other ceremony, the 
congregation kneels to pray, stands to 
sing, and sits to hear. No pictures, 
no statues adorn tle churches, only 
monuments of the dead: organs are 
rare. About twelve, the worshippers 
disperse, and mostly wander to the 
park, or to some public walk, where 
the neatness of their dress will be ob- 
served. Having dined they return to 
the churches, and again walk abroad. 
No person should frequent the streets 
during the hour of divine service, and 
many a one is imprisoned for so doing. 
After the hour of tea, there ave even- 
ing services; and, after the hour of 
supper, many fathers of families com- 
pel their children to read aloud a chap- 
ter of the Bible, and a sermon, and 
then close the day with a prayer. 

All this dull and superstitious for- 
mality, disavowed alike by christianity 
and by reason, has more the appearance 
of a fast instituted to deprecate the an- 
ger of some malignant being, who 
views with hostile eye the happiness of 
man, than of a festiva) intended to 
honour a benevolent deity. A good God 
must delight in the felicity, not in the 
mortification of his creatures, and 
feel that heaven is paid when man re- 
ceives >‘* to enjoy is to obey.” 

Westminster 


« 


1822.] The Philosophy of Contemporary Criticism.—No. XVIII. 


Westminster Abbey is described with 
detail, and an engraving given of the 
monument of Mary, Queen of Scots, 
who is a much greater favourite on the 
continent than the equally lewd but 
less tolerant Queen Elizabeth. The 
public spirit of the nation, in combin- 
ing for so many useful purposes, is held 
up to foreign example. The Magdalen 
Hospital and the Asylum are also re- 
commended to German imitation. An 
account of Ackermann’s picturesque 
publications concerning Great Britain, 
is given with elaborate detail.  - 

On the whole, however, not much 
novelty in this author's points of view 
will be detected; he rather excels in 
common sense than in originality; no- 
tices just what every one else is struck 
with; and merits the praise of pro- 
priety, by walking in the beaten path. 
Variety, not peculiarity of flavonr, con- 
stitutes the merit of his dishes; he 
opens a plentiful cheap ordinary rather 
than a banquet of dainties. 

——f=———— 


THE PHILOSOPHY OF CONTEM- 
PORARY CRITICISM. 
No.- XVIII. 
Edinburgh Review, No. 71. 
FEXUOUGH the Edinburgh Review is 
neither so sprightly nor vigorous 
as formerly, it is still a sensible and 
well meaning book, and we should be 
sorry to see it lose its hold on public 
opinion. That the later volumes should 
fall below their predecessors, in fire and 
originality, is what might be expected 
from the history of the publication. 
The early writers were young men— 
(none of them, we are tuld, more than 
thirty,) full of confidence in their 
powers, and possessed of a considerable 
fund of original ideas. These advantages 
were necessarily evanescent and ex- 
haustible, and lately the reviewers have 
displayed no striking novelties either 
in politics, literature, or phiiosophy. 
With all these failures and mutations 
in the Edinburgh Review, we still con- 
sider it the best periodical publication 
of its time. Occasionally it contains 
articles of transcendent ability and 
eloquence ; —if the criticism he less 
caustic and dogmatical than hereto- 
fore, itis more just; and if we have 
fewer metaphysical disquisifions and 
fine spun theories, we have able digests 
and valuable discussions on questions 
of great practical utility and impor- 
tance. 
The leading subject of the last Num- 
ber is “ Six George Mackenzie’s Me- 


127 
moirs;’ the MS. of which had a nar- 
row escape from the vulgar uses of an 
Edinburgh shopkeéper. The article 
of the reviewer is plainly and sensibly 
written ; abounding im just observation 
on the disastrous Scottish Administra- 
tion of Charles the Second,—on the 
errors and causes of bigotry and shert- 
sightedness—with some allusions, not 
sufficiently pointed we think, to recent 
and not less afilictive periods of our own 
history. ‘The character of Sir George 
himself, is of that sort which it is the 
interest of society should be forgotten 
rather than remembered: he was more 
able than honest, and one of that class 
of statesmen with which the world is 
at all times abundantly supplied,—who 
can make their principles bend to their 
interest, and their conscience to their 
ambition. 

“ The Foreign Slave Trade’ article 
we_ hope will be generally read: it is 
not very long, and contains interesting 
details on the revival of an infamous 
traffic, which ‘the law had abolished. 
The connivance of the French ministry 
at the Negro trade, shows the real cha- 
racter of the Ultra party; when, in . 
spite of professions of religion and mo- 
rality, for the sake of strengthening 
its influence with the colonial interest, 
it tolerates an illegal and odious traffic 
that violates both. 

“ Bowdler’s Family Shaxespeare’’ 
forms the third article, and is the short- 
est we remember, being less than two 
pages. As the critic is so very brief 
with Mr. Bowdler, we shall be very 
brief with him. He seems to approve 
of Mr. Bowdler’s entailments, and we 
do not find fault with any thing except 
the title, which sounds to us rather 
parodial. We cannot, however, ima- 
gine how the Quarterly can approve of 
Mr. Bowdler’s amendments, for if the 
practice of castrating old books on ac- 
count of the indelicacies they contain 
be once admitted, it is impossible to 
foresee where such innovations may 
stop, whether they may not extend to 
the root of our venerable establish- 
ments themselves. 

We get on very fast, being already at 
the fourth article, Madame de Stal. 
When the Edinburgh reviewer enters 
on French society, literature and phi- 
losophy, we always expect something 
very elever and entertaining, and we 
cannot say we have been disappointed 
on the present occasion. For her works 
on literature and the revolution, Ma- 
dame de Sta#l had received gale 
4 


428 The Philosophy of Contemporary Criticism.—No. XV HI. | Mareh 1, 


ed praise, and not more praise, in our 
opinion, than her extraordinary merits 
asa writer and thinker deserved. But 
on this occasion we suspect the reviewer 
from a wish to be both generous and 
just, to departed excellence, has felt 
himself rather awkwardly situated. 
The subjects reviewed are, the “@uvres 
Inédites’? of Madame de Staél, con- 
sisting of her first and her last writings, 


—of the plays and poems of her youth- 


—and of the pieces with which she 
amused her later retirement, and which 
she did not live to revise. Now, 
though the world is at all times eager 
to see the ‘ first’ and ‘ last’ of those by 
whom it has been greatly amused or 
instructed, weapprehend it is a curiosity 
which should not always be gratified. 
In the present case we doubt not the 
friends of the illustrious author have 
acted with the partiality, if not with 
the discretion of true friendship. Of 
the pieces they have published, we have 
only read the Div <Années d Evil, 
which, we are told by the reviewer, is 
the most remarkable in the collection, 
but which, in our opinion, contains de- 
tails much better omitted. We do not 
allude particularly to what is said of 
Bonaparte—for every body knows Ma- 
dame de Staé] hated Bonaparte, and 
Bonaparte disgraced himself bya paltry 
prosecution of the first woman of the 
age; though we think on the subject, 
some things had better have been with- 
held, especially what is related about 
Napoleon pirouetting & la Bourbon, and 
the precautions the author took to be 
prepared for his impertinencies. But 
what we object to more than these, is 
the account of the prostratious and ce- 
remonies, before Madame de Staél left 
Coppet, and the extravagant praise she 
has lavished on the Russians, for no 
better reason that we can discover, 
than that she was hospitably received 
by the emperor, who comes in also for 
ashare of her admiration, for the not 
less disinterested motive that he was 
about to make war on her prosecutor. 
These things we readily admit are all 
very womanly, and do not detract from 
the moral worth of Madame de Staé1; 
but with many they will lessen their 
confidence in her judgment, and their 
admiration for the intellectual great- 
ness of the author of ‘ Considerations’ 
and the‘ Influence of Literature.’ 

The nevt article, “ The Greek Ora- 
tors.”’ displays more learning than phi- 
losophy, and does not evince a very 
intimate acquaintance with the true 


principles of eloquence. Jt may be 
proper to hold up to youth examples of 
snecessful application, but we surmise 
the utmost that can be attained by in- 
dustry alone, is not more than medi- 
ocrity.. That Demosthenes was a la- 
borious corrector of his speeches—that 
by haranguing the waves, and eareyine 
stones in his mouth, he surmounte 
the defects of nature, are far from con- 
vincing us that he was indebted to 
these causes for his unrivalled excel- 
lence. There is a wide difference be- 
tween giving scope to a power and 
creating the power itself. It is a dif- 
ferent thing to loosen a tongue that is 
tied, or remove a cataract, and to give 
the faculty of speech, er the power of 
vision. One is the province of art, thé 
other the gift of nature. What Demos- 
thenes did for himself was no more,— 
he only untied his tongue. The soul of 
an orator he had, and all he did by his 
‘pebbles’ and his ‘ waves’ was to give 
her ‘ verge and room enough.’ —We 
could enlarge on this point, but what 
we have said must convince the re- 
viewer, we differ widely from him in 
our view of his subject. And if, he 
will find, we think that it has not been 
by labour and preparation that assem- 
bled multitudes have been moved and 
animated ; but by a word—a phrase— 
a spark of fire, struck out at the mo- 
ment, which not art could have fore- 
seen or provided, had not the element 
of combustion been previously im- 
planted by nature in the mind of the 
speaker. 

“* Mr. Scarlett’s Poor Bill’ forms the 
sivth article. It is rather too racy and 
rough even for us, though we have seen 
articles from the same hand we ad- 
mired. The reviewer treats Mr. Scar- 
lett indeed very cavalierly, and is quite 
merry with his schemes for checking 
population. We think, however, Mr. 
Scarlett is right, at least so far as his 
bill goes to prevent litigation. Ifa man 
need assistance in Cornwall, we cannot. 
see why he should be removed ‘into 
Yorkshire to receive it. Where a man is, 
it is generally the interest of society he 
should remain. By his forcible removal 
his industry is taken from a place where 
it is in-request, to one where it is not 
in demand. The consideration about 
settlement is inapplicable in this ease, 
as it isa measure intended to be gene- 
ral, not local. It isnot what one parish 
may gain or another lose, but the total 
effect on the community that is to be 
considered. The points to be answered 

are 


1822.) 


are,—where can relief be administered 
at the least expence—and where the 
pauper’s industry, when relief can be 
dispensed with, will be most valuable ? 
At that place, we say, where the pauper 
happens to be, and no other. The talk 
about parishes pulling down houses, to 
drive out the poor, is very foolish. Let 
them pull them down, their employers 
will build them up again; or if they 
do not, others will, who have spare 
capital for which they want interest. 
We wonder indeed the reviewer delivers 
himself in this way, because he appears 
to be a political economist, and we 
doubt not would make a great outcry 
if one were to propose interfering with 
the Freedom of Trade,— though the 
two cases in principle are exactly the 
same. 

The “ Persecutions of the Protes- 
tants” isan able historical digest of 
French intolerance—of the growth of 
fanaticism—of the union of licentious- 
ness and bigotry under the old regime 
—with some notice of the machinations 
carried on by the ultra faction, and 
their attempts to strengthen their in- 
terest by encouraging fanaticism, and 
conniving at its crimes, rather than at- 
tach themselves to the new order of 
things. 

' * Craven’s Tour in South Italy” 
forms the next subject. It is an indul- 
gent article, and from what we can 
glean of Mr. Craven’s book, is intended 


ather to encourage him to produce 


something better, than considered as 
strictly due to his present performance; 
which appears to us, rather laboured 
in style, and somewhat objectionable 
in principle. 

We are again advancing rapidly, be- 
ing at the ninth article, the ‘“* Nomina- 
tion of Scottish Juries.”’ If the editor 
did not write the first paragraph in this 
article, we think he ought lo have 
struck it out. Mr. Bentham is not a 
pore to be treated flippantly by any 

inburgh reviewer: besides it is not 
correct that the evils of which Mr. 
Bentham complains in his ‘ Elements,’ 
have been ‘corrected in recent prac- 
tice." The only interruption to the 
abuses of the Crown Office, was during 
the shrievalty of Sir Richard Phillips : 
since which the old abuseshave returned 
without abatement, with the exception 
of some late improvements in the Spe- 
cial Jury Lists of the City. To the re- 
mainder we have no objection, except 
that the subject is overlaid, and we fear 
that the Scottish freeholders will more 

MonTuy Maga, No. 365. 


Recent Tour from Thessalonica to Pella. 


129 


readily comprehend the ‘ Loaves and 
Fishes,’ said to be annually shared 
among them, than the diffuse reasoning 
of the reviewer. The question, how- 
ever, is very plain. The Scottish judges 
not only pack the juries, but have 
power to make new laws, amounting in 
their penalties to FOURTEEN YEARS 
TRANSPORTATION. A system of judi- 
cial administration more repugnant to 
reason, one cannot conceive, and what 
auginents our surprise is, that Scot- 
land, so famous for learning and philo- 
sophy, should so long suffer it to remain 
without exposure oranimadversion, Be- 
tween the judge packing, or, as Erskine 
more fitly termed it ‘ picking’ the jury 
to try criminal offences, and trying the 
offences himself, we can see no differ- 
ence, except that, in the former: case, 
he is partly relieved of the salutary re- 
sponsibility which ought to attach tu 
his decision. 

The tenth and last article, ““ Stewart's 
Introduction to the Encyclopadia,” isa 
learned, ingenious and able discourse ; 
but our remarks having already exceed- 
ed our limits, we are afraid to trust our- 
selves with the examination of it. What 
struck us as most deserving considera- 
tion, are the observations (pp. 255, 
260) on the disingenuousness of con- 
necting moral delinquency with philo- 
sophical speculation: thereby appeal- 
ing to the most dangerous and excit- 
able passions of mankind to check the 
freedom of inquiry. The whole article, 
however, is full of curious information, 
profound remark, and luminous disqui- 
sition, and is well worthy attentive 
perusal. With this obseryation we 
rather hastily dismiss the present num- 
ber, but not without first expressing our 
general approbation of its contents,— 
which we are persuaded will be read 
with admiration and interest, by all 
but the vain, the frivolous and the 
unprincipled. 

=~ 
For the Monthly Magazine. 
TOUR from THESSALONICA to PELLA, 
the celebrated Capital of the KINGS 
of MACEDON, by M. POUQUEVILLE. 
EAVING Thessalonica on the 15th 
of February, 1817, while the 


- weather was cold, we went out by the 


gate of the river Vardar, the Axius of 
antiquity, on the north side of the 
city, and took the road to Jenidgé, 
which passes under the low hills of 
Pella. On the outside of the walls, on 
the right hand, on the slope of the 
hill, partly occupied by Thessalonica, 

; R we 


150 


we passed along by a burial-ground 
crowded with sepulchral pillars. The 
rapid torrents which rush down the 
hill carry along the putrified remains 
of the dead, and deposit them ina sfag- 
nant pool near the gate, occasioning by 
the effluvia, distempers not less injuri- 
ous than the pestilence itself. In the 
autumn of 1790, after the usual rains 
of that season, more than half of the 
inhabitants of the city fell a sacri- 
fice to the empoisoned atmosphere. 
But neither that awful event nor any 
other of the same kind have had power 
to prevent the Mahometans from aceu- 
mulating dead bodies in that horrible 
receptacle of destruction. 

Proceeding for a quarter of an hour 
we entered on a road bordered with 
reeds, fencing gardens of a marshy 
soil, but in general planted with vines, 
fig, and plane trees. Under these 
trees, the people of Thessalonica choose 
their walks, setting at defiance the 
chance of agues, which strangers have 
no way of shaking off but by quitting 
the country. Gaining at last the plain, 
as the wind blew hard from the north, 
we quickened our horse’s pace towards 
the khan or inn of Tekeli. On the way 
we crossed a broad heath, watered by 
a stream, drawn off from the Echedorus 
seven miles distant from the sea, for the 
use of a powder mill. Being still in 
winter, the waters were spread over the 
plain, forming a number of marshy 
pools; those parts not oceupied by the 
waters were either under cultivation or 
covered with flocks and herds, forced 
down from the mountain-pastures by 
the snow. At last we arrived on the 
proper channel of the Echedorus, now 
the Gallio, which no longer discharges 
its waters into the Axius. Its current 
being obstructed by mud, the Echedo- 
rus has formed for itself a course di- 
rectly to the sea, two leagues to the 
westward of Thessalonica. The accn- 
mulation of mud and gravel at the 
mouth seems to announce that the 
stream will again change its opening to 
the sea. The bogs aud pools on the 
banks obliged our guides to search for 
a ford, by following the marks and 
ruts of the country carriages; pass- 
ing over it and two small streams, we 
arrived at Tekeli, the first menzil-hané 
or post-house, distant two leagues and 
a half from Thessalonica, correspond- 
ing, perhaps, to the station ad decimum 
(the tenth mile) in the ancient itinera- 
ries. Of this the inhabitants’ have no 
knowledge: but they regard with peen- 


Recent Tour from Thessalonica to Pella. 


{March 1, 


liar veneration a teké, or convent of 
Dervishes, in the place, which thence 
receives its name. ‘Tekeli isalsomuch 
frequented by Turkish and Frank 
sportsmen from Thessalonica, on ac- 
count of the great abundance of game 
of all sorts. 

Having taken our meal here, we re- 
mounted our horses and crossed a 
muddy brook, leaving on the right La- 
poraand Harabli, villages distinguish- 
ed by alittle wood containing a tepe, 
tumulus, or barrow, never yet opened. 
A little further off are the healthy 
heights of Daoudbal, adorned with the 
villas of several opulent Turks. Be- 
ing distant only three leagues and a 
half from Thessalonica, to the same 
place repair many Franks for the re- 
covery of their health, and to avoid the 
pestilential air of the fever season. We 
observed several other villages on the 
way to the river Vardar, but I was un- 
able to collect their names. 

The bridge on the Vardar or Axius 
had been recently rebuilt of wood, in a 
form at once handsome and substan- 
tial; a proof of its having been erected 
by some architect much more skilful 
than any Turkish builder. The bridge 
consists of seventy-one arches, of which 
twenty-eight rest ona low island, over- 
flowed when the river is in full stream. 
Each end of the bridge is ornament- 
ed with a pavilion ; and in the middle 
is a strong wooden gate, which can be 
shut, and thus serves as a sort of trap 
to arrest robbers endeavouring to es- 
cape from one side of the river to the 
other. The whole length of the bridge 
is divided by a rail in the middle, for 
the guidance of carriages going, in op- 
posite directions, withvut crossing or 
interrupting each other. Many of these 
carriages passed us, loaded with wine 
of Niagousta, or Naouse, as the Greeks 
call it, a town situated twenty leagues 
or hour’s journey westward from Thes- 
salonica. : 

On leaving the bridge on the Vardar 
we entered on a plain, with many _se- 
pulchral barrows, extending to Sarili, 
where we overtook our Janissary sent 
on before us to provide accommodations 
in a khan ; and there we were obliged 
to put up, man and beast, all under the 
same roof. This village is situated on 
the road to Jenidgé-Vardar,.a place of 
considerable trade on account of its 
tobacco, reckoned the best in all Ma- 
cedonia. Sarili offering nothing re- 
markable for the stranger, we resumed 
our course southwards to a river, flow- 

= ing 


1822.] 


ing from north to south to the lake 
Lydias, which formerly separated Ma- 
cedonia proper from Bottiaea. Cross- 
ing the river on a bridge, we passed a 
Turkish burying-ground, crowded with 
sepulchral monuments, formed out of 
columns drawn from the ruins of Pella, 
the city we were seeking. Turning 
several eminences, we halted in front of 
two barrows, of which the largest mea- 
sured fifty-seven feet in length, forty- 
three in breadth. and thirty-five in per- 
pendicular height. Immediately be- 
yond this monument we entered on the 
territory of Pella, situated, according to 
Herodotus, in the country of Bottiaea, at 
the extremity of Emathia. On our 
pi ee spread out vast open plains, in 
which the Bulgarian inhabitants, with 
their ploughs drawn by buffaloes, were 
employed in turning up furrows stretch- 
ing tbe whole extent of the country, so 
that they appeared like a multitude of 
husband men all employed in labouring 
one immense field. On our left and 
almost in front of us, were a series of 
fakes and marshes reaching to the sea ; 
thence, having passed some low - hills, 
we came within sight of the renowned 
Pella. 

The capital of the kings of Macedou 
dees not announce itself, in its desola- 
tion, to the eye of the stranger, as is 
done at Athens and Corinth, by the 
display of the remains of its ancient 
splendour. The position of Pella is 
known only from its correspondence 
with the descriptions of its site, pre- 
served in history. Thus it is described 
by Livy, in the conclusion of his 44th 
book : “ The consul M. Aumilius Pau- 
lus, proceeding from Pydna, after the 
utter discomfiture of Perseus of Mace- 
don, arrived with his army on the se- 
cond day at Pella. Encamping about 
a mile from the city, he there remained 
some days, examining the position on 
every side, and acknowledging that not 
without good reason had the royal’ re- 
sidence been there placed. Pella was 
seated on an eminence sloping down to 
the south west, and surrounded by 
marshes of impassable depth in summer 
as well as in winter, pirtddoad by seve- 
ral stagnant lakes. Within the marsh 
itself, on the side next to the city, ap- 
peared, like an island, the castle, or 
citadel, erected on a mound, a work 
of vast labour, which sustained the for- 
tifications, while it resisted all injury 
from the inclosing waters. This cita- 
del, couspicuous from its situation and 
Structure, was connected by a wall to 


Recent Tour from Thessalonica to Pella. 


131 
the city, and within that wa!l was a 
stream of water, over which was erect- 
el a bridge. From its positiou, it re- 
sulted, that although the city might be 
blockaded, yet the citadel was wholl 
inaccessible; nor, on the other freer 
if the king should shut up any person 
within the citadel, could he possibly 
escape but by the bridge, which might 
be very easily defended.” 

Conformably with this representation, 
the vestiges of Pella are found on an 
eminence sloping down to the SW., and 
encompassed by marshes. In vain, 
however, do we look for the walls of 
the city, for the citadel, for the dykes 
constructed to defend from inundation 
the temples, buildings, and other mo- 
numents of its grandeur: the barbari- 
ans from the North, the Romans, and 
the succession of ages have destroyed 
even the ruins. 

To Philip of Macedon, Pella was in- 
debted for its rank and magnificence 
among the cities of the east; and it 
must have been with a view to its 
strength, in a position inapproachable 
in ancient times by any hostile force, 
that he selected for his capital, a spot 
extremely unhealthy. Enlarged and 
improved by his son Alexander and his 
successors, Pella had attained a high 
degree of power and splendour, before 
it was taken and sacked by the adven- 
turers from Gaul, the forerunners of 
the Romans, who overthrew the city, 
after the conquest of Macedonia. Com- 
manding, by its position, the mouths of 
the Axius and the Lydias, Pella would 
naturally have become an important 
commercial station, had not Thessalo- 
nica, distant only twenty-onemiles, pos- 
sessed a safe and commodious port for 
shipping. But in ancient times, mili- 
tary strength and security, and not 
commercial advantages, were the ob- 
jects contemplated, in the founding and 
improving of cities. 

The Axius, or Vardar, having dis- 
charged a portion of its waters into the 
lake of Lydias, pursues its course to 
the sea, where it deposes its mud, and 
other matters. The passage conse- 
quently grows every day. shallower ; 
so that, in time, the upper part of the 
gulf of Thessalonica will becomea lake 
separated from the sea. Even at the 
present day, the depth of water in the 
pass is only about fourteen English 
fathoms. Fishing-barks ascend the 
Vardar fo the bridge of Colakia, on the 
great road from Thessalonica and Con- 
stantinople, for Thessaly, Epirus, &c. 
Looking 


132 


, Looking forward, at last, we disco- 
vered the miserable village called Al- 
lah-Kilissa, or Allah-Hissar, (God's 
tower or castle,) composed of about 
three score huts, inhabited by Bulga- 
rians, with a tower, garrisoned by a 
dozen Albanians, with their officer. 
Such are the present edifices, popula- 
tion, and military establishment of Pel- 
la, the once powerful capital of Philip, 
and Alexander, and Perseus! A low 
Mahometan now commands, whip-in- 
hand, in the city where Alexander first 
saw the light; and the paternal seat of 
that monarch whose dominions extend- 
ed from the Adriatic to the Indus, is 
now the property of Achmet, son of Is- 
mael, Bey of Serres. But if Pella be 
sunk, well adapted to its fallen state 
are the inhabitants, distinguished, even 
in Macedonia, by their gross ignorance 
and their brutal hatred of strangers. 
Notwithstanding the orders of the com- 
mandant, and the abundant offer of 
money, it was not without a long alter- 
cation that we obtained entrance intoa 
hovel, merely to deposit our baggage. 
Proceeding to survey the place, we first 
visited a church, built of stone, dedi- 
cated to St. Paul, usually styled by the 
Greeks the great apostle. The children, 
attracted by the European dress, fol- 
lowed us from place to place; while the 
dogs, not less amazed, assailed us in 
the most ferocious manner. Some of 
the people, however, who had seen 
Franks in Thessalonica, offered to sale 
antique coins and small figures in terra 
cotta, found in the place. Traversing 
a large space of ground, covered with 
fragments of tombs, and masses of brick 
and tile, we came to the village-well, 
on a stone of which were these words: 

AIONYZIOZ MEPAKAEOTE. 

Descending in a westward direction, 
we fully recognized the position of 
Pella, as described in the foregoing 
iia from Livy, on the slope of a 
ouble eminence. The remains of the 
ramparts, constructed of stones of very 
large size, carried round the summit 
of the highest hill, induced me to 
suppose them to indicate the position of 
the citadel. Descending southwards, 

I followed theline of another inclosing 
wall, still called Pella by the inhabi- 
tants. The direction of this wall points 
to a square basin, of Turkish work- 
manship: but the facing wall is found- 
ed on a broader wall, of ancient Greek 
construction. In the lake Lydias, now 
called Jenidgé, I observed the mouth of 
the river from.the town so called, and 


News from Parnassus... .No. XF. 


[March 1, 


those of the river Niagousta, and of 
several rivulets, proceeding from neigh- 
bouring springs. 

Having thus surveyed all that re- 
mains of Pella above yround—and to 
attempt excavation was impracticable— 
although under the surface, a rich trea- 
sure of antiquities must undoubtedly 
be concealed, we returned to our Bul- 
garian hut, where our Janissaries had 
prepared a dinner of pilaw, the usual 
food of travellers, and the favourite 
dish of the people in the east. After 
dinner, I extended my researches to- 
wards Jenidgé, a considerable town, 
famed for its tobacco, distant about a 
league westward from Pella. _Enter- 
ing on the road which runs not far from 
the well before-mentioned, I observed a 
tumulus, or barrow, which had been 
opened. Going into it, by an opening 
made on the south side, we found a sort 
of passage, thirty-one feet four inches, 
English, in length, by seven feet in 
breadth, which led to two square paral- 
lel rooms, both much injured by the 
openings made to enter and examine 
them. Continuing to descend to a se- 
cond passage, by a steep slope under a 
vault, which terminated at a horizontal 
passage or gallery fifty-seven feet long, 
and eleven feet two inches broad, we 
observed two niches in the wall. These 
left us no doubt that the galleries and 
recesses, which externally appear as 
barrows, were certainly constructed as 
places of sepulture. A third passage 
opened into another vaulted chamber, 
fourteen feet three inches by twelve feet 
ten inches,in length from north to south, 
This tumulus having been opened and 
examined, no discoveries were left for 
us to make. We were, however, con- 
vinced of the erroneousness of the vul- 
gar opinion, that the barrows found in 
various parts of the country werethrown 
up by the'furks ,;when they first invaded 
Macedonia, as a place on which to erect 
the precious national standard of Ma- 
homet. Nothing now remaining to be 
seen at Pella, we returned to Thessalo- 
nica by the ruad we had before pursued, 


—= 
NEWS FROM PARNASSUS. 
No. XV. 


The POETICAL RECREATIONS of the 
CHAMPION. 

VOLUME of poetry from the pen 

of a person who stands so high 

both in the literary and political world 
as Mr. Thelwall, cannot fail to be an 
object of more than ordinary interest; 
and: we are persuaded, that in intro- 
ducing 


1822.] 


ducing such a production to the notice 
of our readers, we are conferring a re- 
ciprocal pleasure upon them and our- 
selves. There are characters of whom 
a correct estimate can scarcely be 
expected to be formed, till the effer- 
vescence and irritability of party feel- 
ing have had ample time to subside ; 
and the man whose firm resistance to 
oppression has rendered him obnoxious 
to the powerful, and whose steady ad- 
herence to principle has offended the 
unprincipled, cannot hope to escape 
calumny and misrepresentation. But 
“* Comperit invidiam supremo fine domari.”’ 
and when posterity, unbiassed by 
prejudice, shall decide upon theclaims 
of individuals with reference to their 
true merits only, the gentleman to 
whom we are indebted for the vo- 
lume before us, will rank as one in 
whom the courage of the patriot was 
united with the attainments of the 
scholar, and who, forced by uncontroul- 
able circumstances into the political 
storms of his day, still retained his 
passion for the ‘- liter humaniores,”’ 
and wood the muse amid the gloom 
that surrounded him. 

The present. collection is composed 
of poetical and critical effusions, ex- 
tracted from the Champion, during the 
time that journal was under the direc- 
tion of Mr. Thelwall; and is a selec- 
tion at once judicious and interesting. 
Some of the pieces are by different cor- 
respondents; but sv much the greater 
portiou is from the editor himself, that 
we shall beg leave to consider the work 
as entirely his own; and wish our re- 
marks to be understood with reference 
to him alone, unless a specific state- 
ment is made to the contrary. 

Many of Mr. Thelwall’s poetical 
productions have already met the pub- 
lic eye, but they have never before 
made their appearance, in a regular or 
collected form, and the present may 
therefore be considered as the first fair 
opportunity that has been afforded of 
ascertaining his true character as.a, poet. 
Judging from these specimens, we 
should say, that the soft and tender is 
more his forte than the bold and sub- 
lime; he is better fitted to chant the 
amourous lay of the Troubadour, than 
the spirit-stirring strain of the warrior; 
and seems rather to aim at culling a 
wreath of the wild flowers that nature 
has strewn in his way, than at svaring 
into the loftier regions of Parnassus, 
and giving “ to airy nothing a local 
habitation and a name.’ Nor will he 
suffer by this preference in the es- 


Poetical Recreations of the Champion. 


133 


timation of those persons, who are no 
admirers of certain bards of high re- 
nown, that have mistaken rhapsody 
for sublimity; have deemed horrors 
and crimes to be the most appropriate 
subjects of soothing song, and have 
couceived that they approach the per- 
fection of their art, in proportion as 
their language becomes remote from 
common understanding, and their de- 
scriptions from versimilitude. With 
writers of this stamp, Mr. Thelwall 
has certainly nothing in common; but 
he may justly claim an honourable 
station among those who have excelled 
in strains of sweetness and lenderness, 
and in awakening the better feelings, 
and kindlier sensibilities of our nature. 
His anacyeontics, of which theré are 
several in the collection, exhibit ver 

Superior powers; we subjoin the fol- 
lowing as a specimen. 


lf when the sparkling goblet flows, 

1 braid my temples with the rose, 

And, while reflected o’er the brim, 

I see the deepening blushes swim, 

With wilder ecstacies of soul, 

I bid the tide of Bacchus roll, — 

*Tis that the blush that paints the rose, 
A type of thee, my fair, bestows, 

And bath’d within the cup I’d be, 

That glows with love, and glows of thee. 


If, when retiring to repose, 

Still in my chamber bloom the rose, 

And, twin’d in many a wreathing string, 
O’er all my couch a fragrance fling, 
Which scattering on my fervid breast, 
Sooths me, with opiate charm, to rest ;—— 
*Tis that the fragrance of the rose 

The breathing of thy lip bestows ; 

Aud dreams of bliss it wafts to me, 

That breathe of love, and breathe of thee. 


Then come, Naéra!. sweeter rose ! 

For whom my restless fancy glows; 
Come—whelm in dearer joys the soul 
Than ever bath’d in flowing bow! ;— 
Come, and, in waking kisses, deal 

Such rapture as my dreams reveal ; 

And while, with mingling soul, I sip 

The balmy fragrance of thy lip, * d 
More—more than vision’d bliss, twill be— 
To wake to love, and: wake for thee. 


Into some of his songs and minor 
poems, the writer has infused the rich- 
ness and elegance of the British Ca- 
tullus, together with much of the sim- 
plicity of our elder poets, while the 
greatest purity both of language and 
sentiment pervades the whole. From 
many -of equal merit, we offer to our 
readers, the beautiful piece entitled, 
“ Hope Deterred.”’ 

Brimful ef bliss: the goblet! flow’d, 

Twas lifted to the very lip; wate 

it 


134 


With hope the thirsty bosom glow’d, 
And the bow’d head was bent to sip; 


But envious fortune snatch’d away 

The mantling promise of delight: 
O’er-clouded was the genial ray, 

And the sweet dream was put to flight. 


O Mary! is the goblet gone— 

The draught for ever cast away? 

Or is it but a while withdrawn, 

To come more sweeten’d by delay? 

Yes, Mary! yes—that speaking eye 
Tells me the cup again shall flow: 

And bless’d occasion shall supply 
The mutual bliss we pant to know. 
From the circumstances of Mr. Thel- 

wall’s life, it might naturally be ex- 

pected that the political effusions would 
be among the best in this volume. 

Feeling, as we do, the greatest respect 

for the author’s sufferings and exertions 

in the cause of freedom, we are yet 
obliged, as impartial critics, to say, 
that this does not appear to us to be the 
case, perhaps because our expectations 
were too highly excited; but we ra- 
ther suspect the true cause is to be 
found in the conformation of Mr. Thel- 
wall’s mind, which appears to us of too 
beneyolent and philanthropic a kind, 
too much imbued with “ the milk of 
human kindness,” to be susceptible, 
unless on very rare occasions, of suffi- 

cient velhemence for the purposes of a 

party writer. The collection, however, 

furnishes two splendid exceptions to the 
above remarks, which we shall here 
transcribe. The first is an ode to the 

Maratists, written in 1793. 

Eternal curses wait his crime,— 

The monster whose atrocious hand 
(When freedom’s patriot soul sublime 

Would vindicate an injur’d land) 

First lifts, with thirst of slaughter fir’d, 
The assassin’s steel, and headlong leads 
The frantic crowd to desperate deeds!— 

The frantic crowd, by rage inspir’d, 

Who, when the indignant spirit flames, 
With Freedom’s or Religious zeal, 

Too oft pollute those sacred names, 

And rush on deeds which heaven dis- 

claims, 

And shuddering virtue scorns to own: 
Deeds that in savage horror vie 

With those that prop the Despot’s throne, 
Or Priestcraft’s sable vesture die : 

Deeds that the noblest cause profane, 

And sully Freedom’s holy train. 

The other piece is a Sonnet to Ty- 
ranny, written during the author’s con- 
finement in the Tower. 

O Hell-born Tyranny! how blest the land 
Whose watchful Citizens with dauntless 

breast 

Oppose thy first approach! 


With aspect 
bland : 


News from Parnassus..No. XV. 


[March J, 


Thou wont, alas! too oft, to lull to rest 
The sterner virtues that should guard the 
throne 
Of Liberty. Deck’d with the gaudy zone 
Of Pomp, and usher’d with lascivious arts 
Of glossing Luxury, thy fraudful smile 
Ensnares the dazzled senses, till our hearts 
Sink, palsied, in degenerate lethargy. 
Then bursts the swoln destruction forth ; 
and while 
Down the rough tide of Power, Oppression 
drives 
The shipwreck’d multitude, no hope sur- 
vives, . 
But from the whelming storm of Anarchy. 
In some parts of the Recreations, we 
find attempts, most of them by pupils 
of Mr. Thelwall’s, at English Sapphics ; 
and he has himself introduced an essay 
on the subject, in which he contends 
for the admission of the antient mea- 
sures into our own language, as being 
not only practicable, but very desirable 
additions to our metrical resources. It 
is with no small degree of regret that 
we feel ourselves compelled to differ 
from Mr. T. in toto, upon this subject. 
We consider English poetry to be 
abundantly rich in all that is necessary 
for the purposes of harmony, without 
having recourse to far-fetched, and 
very equivocal sources of improvement. 
We are fully aware of aJ] that:has been 
urged by partisans on both sides of the 
question, about accent and quantity, 
aud what has sometimes, by rather 
an aukward epithet, been termed poese. 
But though these distinctions may be 
considered as very: satisfactorily esta- 
blished by those who have invented 
them, we fear they have not inany in- 
stance been made sufficiently clear to 
become palpable to persons wholly ig- 
norant of the dead languages. It~has 
never been our good fortune to meet 
with a mere English scholar, who 
could be made to feel the harmony of 
an English sapphic or hexameter, much 
less to construct one. And this cir- 
cumstance is, in our opinion, a strong 
presumption that such metres are ano- 
malous to our language; for we con- 
sider that on this subject the sentiment 
of a person wholly unacquainted with 
the ancient tongues, must be-of far more 
weight than that of a proficient in 
them. The latter, from the influence 
of association of ideas, may frequently 
imagine that he perceives in the imita- 
tions of Latin and Greek metres, a 
modulation and harmony which do not 
in reality exist ; just as when listening 
to the tune of a well known song, 
though played only upen an instru- 
ment 


1822.] 


ment without the voice, we then seem 
distinctly to hear the words; though 
it is pretty certain that without such 
previons knowledge, the music alone 
would never have the effect of making 
us acquainted with them. 

We might likewise remark that at- 
tempts of this kind have hitherto, at 
least, met with few admirers or follow- 
ers. The productions of Sidney, Dr. 
Watts, Southey and Stanihurst, in our 
own tongue: those of Pasquier and 
Todelle, among the French, and of the 
Spanish poet Villegas; though all men 
of acknowledged talent and genius, 
have failed to provoke any emulation 
to tread in their steps. And this utter 
want of imitators, when we reflect how 
much that “ serum pecus’’ has in every 
age abounded in the literary world, is 
of itself a strong argument for the 
little advantage that would result from 
adopting the measures of the antients 
into the languages we have mentioned. 
Having thus expressed our opinion 
upon this topic, we must, in justice 
state, that the sapphics in this volume 
are the best we remember to have seen. 
The following version of the 138th 
psalm certainly appears to us extremely 
harmonious. 

Fast by thy stream, O Babylon, reclining, 
Woc-begone exile, to the gale of evening 
- Only responsive, my forsaken harp I 
Hung on the willow. 


Gush’d the big tear-drops, as my soul re- 
member’d 
Zion, thy mountain paradise, my country! 
When the fierce bands Assyrian, who led us 
Captive from Salem, 


Claim’d, in our mournful bitterness of an- 
guish, 
Songs and unseason’d madrigals of joyance; 
“Sing the swect-tempered carol that ye 
wont to 
Warble in Zion.” 


Dumb be my tuneful eloquence, if ever 
Strange echoes answer toa song of Zion: 


Original Poetry. 


135 


Blasted this right hand if I should forget 
thee, 
Land of my fathers. 
The reproach under which our lan- 
guage labours of harsliness, arising 
from the frequent recurrence of hissing 
sounds, is well known. Mr. Thelwall 
has given us a curious specimen of *¢ an 
English song without a Sibilant,” as a 
proof that this fault might partly, at 
least, be avoided. As it contains but 
a few stanzas, and may be considered 
a kind of poetical novelty, we shall 
subjoin it. 
No—not the eye of tender blue, 
Tho’ Mary, ’twere the tint of thine ;— 
Or breathing lip of glowing hue 
Might bid the opening bud repine, 
Had long enthrall’d my mind: 
Nor tint with tint, alternate aiding 
That o’er the dimpled tablet flow, 
The vermile to the lily fading ; 
Nor ringlet bright with orient glow 
In many a tendril twin’d. 


The breathing tint, the beamy ray, 
The linear harmony divine, 

That o’er the form of beauty play, 
Might warm a colder heart than mine, 
But not for ever bind. 


But when to radiant form and feature, 
Internal worth and féeling join 
With temper mild and gay good nature, — 
Around the willing heart, they twine 
The empire of the mind. 
We had marked several other beau- 
tiful passages for extracting, but our 
limits will not admit of their insertion ; 
we must therefore refer our readers to 
the work itself for further entertain- 
ment. For ourselves, we can truly 
say, that this miscellany has much ex- 
ceeded our expectations, and that we 
should be glad indeed, could we always, 
in our moments of relaxation from the 
severer pursuits and occupations of 
life, ensure amusement equal to that 
which we have derived from the Poeti- 
cal Recreations of the Champion. 


ORIGINAL POETRY. 


i 


NAPOLEON’S VERSES to the PORTRAIT of 
his son Imitated.* 
ELIGHTFUL image of my much-lov’d 
boy! 

See there Beye, his looks, his beauteous 
smile ; 

But I shall him behold no more, no more. 

Ah, shall I never on some kindlier shore 


* See Monthly Magazine for February, 
1822. 


Receive and press him to my heart with 
joy? 

O, my son! my dear son! might thou 
beguile 

With converse sweet thy father’s gloomy 
hours ! 

Myself the guardian of thy growing 


powers, 
And thou, the prop of my declining years! 
With thee I could forget my wrongs, my 

cares, ; 
Imperial 


136 
Impérial crown and glory ; blest with thee, 
This rock itself would be a heaven to me: 


QO, in thine arms! [ could forget that fame 
Shall give me, through all time, a never- 


Original 


dying name. _ Leo. 
Riehmond, Yorkshire, 11th Feb. 1822. 
——— 


ONE KISS MORE? 


One kiss more? 
And then we part, my love ; 

*Tis sweet to bless affection o’er 

And teach the heartstrings music’s lore, 
Like séraphim above. 


Lips are leaves 
To rosy hearts and eyes, 
Are suns that light affection’s heaves, 
And love to life’s pure kisses cleaves 
When to part fondness tries. 


One kiss more? 
The echo still returns, 
Another! oh, there’s yet full store, 
The hallow’d incense sweetly burns 
From feeling’s precious core. 


Good night, sweeting ! 
Nay, but one more’ then fly: 
Once parted here, time is so fleeting, 
In heaven may be our next love-meeting, 
Where kisses never die. 
Islington. J.R. Prior. 
pe 
DOMESTIC COMFORT. 


Some like to beseated to hear a good play, 
And some a swéet concert delight to attend, 
Some count with their feet the swift moments 
away, 
And some join the fire with a true-hearted 
friend ; 
In the leisure of evening, the break of the morn, 
When the birds are in song and the houn.ls are 
awake, 
Some follow alertly the wind of the horn, 
While ot*ers secluded excursions will make. 


We have heard the old toper sing tipsily home, 
re ne beau, like a moth, fondly trifling with 
ight; 
We have watch’d the wild fugitive franticly roam, 
And view’d the full shallop receding from sight : 
Thus, all to their taste for a passage of mirth, 
To assist them through life and be socially free, 
But my choice, my pursuit, my enjoyment on 
earth, : 
With my wife and my children, are dearest to 
me. 


Like the vine that is cultured, the bee that is 
hived 


The flowers which are tended by tender controal, 
Onr state is so aptly, so dearly contrived, 
he seasons in placidness over us roll ; 
Old bachelors laugh and shrewd maidens avow 
To be wed ix dependence, or lottery, at best ; 
Eeey my laugh and may shun, bat for me, I 
allow 


Tam pedcefully gay and contented ly blest. 


Islington. J.R. Prior. 
 eE— 


ODE TO SYMPATHY. 


Is there within the human breast 

A heart whose life blood ebbs and flows ; 
Avid can it still remain at rest, 

Whate’er it feels, whate’er it knows? 


Poetry. [March }, 


Ali! surely no :—it cannot bé; 
Sweet Sympathy, thy gentle pow’rs 
Which fain would set each captive free, 
Will e’en enlarge this heart of ours. 


The plaintive sigh, Affliction’s tears, 
The sighs and groans which mis’ry 
yields, 
The tale of woe, or troub’lous fears, 
Sweet Sympathy, thy comfort shields. 


As fluids still their level find, 
So in each heart, if hearts be true, 
Sorrows prevail in equal kind ; 
Sweet Sympathy reserves its due. 


’Tis thus the worth of Friendship’s tiied, 
Love still will equalize distress ; 

For tho’ t’ assist may be denied, 
Sweet Sympathy has pow’r to bless. 


And need there is ’mongst human kind, 
That such a soothing balm should be; 

Such various ills are here combin’d ; 
Sweet Sympathy, then live with me. 


Teach me, when mis’ry pleads her cause, 
With kindred feelings to attend ; 

Unbend my soul to nature’s laws; 
Sweet Sympathy’s a ready friend. 


Remind me, when secure I rest, 
From ey’ry ill, and ev’ry woe, 

How many tear-fraught eyes unbless’d, 
Demand sweet Sympathy below. 


And lead my thoughts where mis’ry is, 
To see and hear and feel the thing; 
Chill Poverty, or fell disease ; 
Sweet Sympathy, extract their sting. 


And call the rich to lend their aid, 
With hearts enlarg’d and lib’ral hands: 
Their bounty shall be well repaid, 
For all sweet Sympathy demands. 
W.G. 
a 


Pallida Mors equo pulsat pede pauperum 
tabernas Reyumque Turres. HORACE. 


WHEN wan disease assails the Prince’s 
walls, 
And on the royal dome with fury falls ; 
Can aught avail, or riches, rank, or fame, 
Can they the fading bloom of health reclaim? 
Can they avert destruction’s deadlystroke, 
Or they the just decrees of God revoke ? 
Ah no! the ways of death are trod by all, 
His lev’lling scythe on all alike must fall; 
No age, no rank exempt; the same dread 
blow 


- May lay the monarch and the peasant low. 


The same cold earth shall give a prince re- 
pose, | 
And o’er the peasant’s mould’ring clay 
shall close. 
But to the Christian death’s the gate of life; 
That death which ends the road of mortal 
strife, 
Shall shew new glories to the op’ning sight, 
And waft the rising soul to realms of light. 
1.S. B. 
THE 


1822.) 


pus Queen of the host of night, 
coronet of barnish’d light! 
iful chaser of the stars, 
2 diamond bow their splendour mars ! 
Look down on one 
To whom the sun 
ever seem’d hali'so fair as thou ; 
_ From thy silver throne 
On his heart look down, 
As thou dost on all that is round him now. 


Oh! be his the glance, whose memory 
fir’d : ; 
The Jonian* minstrel’s darkend’d eye, 
And to bend at thy sweet shrine inspir’d 
The gazerst of the eastern sky. 
Still softly shine 
With ray divine, 
The fairest gem in the crown ofeven; 
Oh! still be the theme 
Of the poet’s dream, 
The radiant type of thy God in Heaven. 


There is one alone in yon bright train, 
That will not own thy glorious reign ; 
For the star of Venus siniles as fair 
Asif no Dian wander’d there. 
Such fate befaH 
The hopes of all ’ 
Who under the Heaven of Earth may rove, 
That purity join - 
With beauty, to shine 
Through the starlight depth of sorrowless 
love! J. 


—— 
TO FIDELITY AND MARIANNE. 


Fidelity ? be thou my guide, through all 
The mazy labyriaths which life enthrall ; 
Spas me, thou, against each adverse 
ate, ; 
Screen me from jealousy’s simoon blast ; 
And when my trouble musings all are past, 
Do thou upon my lifeless clay await ; 
And thou, sole soother of my inward 
storms, 
Mary, my love! fairest of all fair forms! 
Wilt thou, too, shed compassion’s saline 
drop 
O'er him, who like a spectre now doth sink 
Into fate’s gulph, from life’s exhausted 
brink : ‘ 
Oh, yes! when my bier passes, thou 
wilt stop, 
And while thine eye emits the grief-drawn 
tear, 
Exclaim—with William, love and faith lie 
here. 
November, 1821. 
—_—_— 
To ——— on her demanding what Lady 
possessed the Author's A ffections. 


» How canst thou ask, or how demand of me, 
The ae of her, who throws enchantment’s 
ve 
Around my senses ! and, of all the frail 
Who holds my proud soul in captivity? 


* Homer. 
+ The Sabian idolaters, 
& Monveiy MAG, No. 365. : 


Original Poctry.. 
ADDRESS TO THE WINTER MOON. 


137 


Why ask me whom I love ? when folly’s self 
Might in the rolling of mine eyes behold 
The secret, which my lips have never told 
Uniil this moment unto mortal elf. 
Or, dost thou crue!ly delight to rend 
The breast aiready riven ?—and the heart, 
Smarting already, would’st thou farther smart 
With needless questions, which to nothing tend ? 
For oh! thou must have seen, and still must see, 
By mine eyes’ langnishings, I love but Thee! 
SS 


LINES, 
Suggested by an Evenings walk onthe 
banks of the Humber. 


Qs xeoves oF’ nfn¢ ar Brora’ odtyos Oynrots. 
. . SIMONIDES. 
The sun has sunk beneath the trembling wave, 
To gild another heaven wit! orient light, 
And nought is heard amid the stillness, save 
The lonely whisper of the conscious night. 
How sweet to rove when veiled from human 


sight 5 
By the dark curtain which enwraps the sky 5 
How sweet to drink from thought the pure de- 
light 
Which ever shuns the gay, and still must fly 
The fickle sons of wantonness and vanity. 


W here are the hopes of childhood—where of youth, 
Thejoyous vision which encharmed the view ? 

Where are the friends whose constancy and truth 
Would fresh for every scene our strength renew ? 
Our fathers, where are they ?—Beneath the yew; 

The mould’ring turf entombs their sacred earth ; 
Their clay unconscious drinks the evening dew, . 

And left behind with aught that gave them birth, 
Their Cate and pain, their hopes and noisy 

mirth. 


And haply soon o’er my departed dust, 
The lonely cypress will its branches wave, 
And soon, at most, receive its fragile trust, 
The narrow precinct of my humble grave. 
O God! and is there nought on earth can save— 
Nought that can teach me to avert the blow ? 
And is it vain a longer stay to crave ? 
And wilt thou surely lay thy creature low? — - 
Rereath thy chastening rod, O let me humbly 
ow! 


Hull. OvyTis. 


—— 
SONNET TO THE MOON. 
WHEN Heaven’s blest Architect was mild 
in mood, 
He fashion’d thee, thou Orb, so pure and 
bright ; 
And pleas’?d with his new work he sat and 
view’d : heh 
Thee, chaste-ey’d Beauty! shedding thy 
soft light. 
O lovely visitant! © fair-form’d sight ! 
Hail! source now issuing from the throne 
of Good! | 
Proof of his power and wisdom infinite. 
Thus angels sung, when first thou radiant 
mov'd, 
Night’s mild-rob’d ruler, as thou gently 
gleamest, 
Zon’d by yon clouds of stainless hue thy 
vest, 
Methinks some shepherd mid his fleck 
thou seemest ; 
Or snow-white dove, reclining on her nest. 
And oh! a sweeter, lovelier type thou 


beamest, 
Eve, wken she Eden’s bowers, light, lily: 
Jooted prest. Enorr. 
STEPHENSIANA, 


S ‘ 


ofA Be] 
STEPHENSIANA. 


| March 1, 


No, VI. 


The late ALEXANDER STEPHENS, Esq. of Park House, Chelsea, devoted an active 
and well-spent life in the collection of Anecdotes of his contemporaries, and generally 
entered in a book the collections of the passing day ;—these collections wehave purchased, 
and propose to present a selection from them to our readers. As Editor of the A nnual 
Obituary, and many other biographical works, the Author may probably have incor- 
porated many of these scraps ; but the greater part are unpublished, and all stand alone 
as cabinet pictures of men and manners, worthy of a place in a literary miscellany. 

——_>——_- 


RIDGWAY'S. 

es some years I accustomed my- 

self to a morning’s stroll from 
Chelsea, to Ridgway’s, in Piccadilly. 
He is a considerable dealer in newspa- 
pers and political pamphlets, and as a 
eopy of every newspaper of the day lay 
upon the counter, and his shop is pro- 
vided with a fire and chairs, others be- 
sides myself strolled there, and here, 
therefore, was to be seen and heard 
something of the active world. 

There were politicians by habit and 
profession, men of letters, men in and 
out of place, editors of papers, mem- 
bers of parliament, occasionally peers, 
and all met upon terms of equality, 
talked with freedom, and seldom al- 
lowed differences of opinion to create 
ill blood. 

Till he became too infirm, DAVID 
WILLIAMS used to keep'a regular 
chair from 11 till 3, and although 
he. had an imposing manner and acom- 
muning physiognomy, yet I always 
thought he had beeu over-rated by the 
Brissotines, and held a general reputa- 
tion above his real powers. His per- 
son and manner constituted in truth, 
his chief recommendation, for he was a 
slow thinker, and a feeble writer when 
unaided. 

The Rev. Mr. Este united to great 
knowledge of the world, a lively wit, 
which relieved the sombre of Williams, 
and the common-place of some others 
in our regular groupe. 

I never learnt more from any indivi- 
dual than JoHN NICHOLLS, many 
years an M.P. whose enlightened mind 
atoned for a defect in his sight, and 
whose stores of anecdote seemed inex- 
haustible. : 

The venerable MAJOR CARTWRIGHT 
often graced our circle and inspired 
our respect in spite of the extremity to 
which he pushed some principles which 
are thought unconzenial with the spirit 
of eur constitution. While, however, 
such virtuous men as he espouse any 


cause, it must, and perhaps ought to 
have advecates. 

These booksellers conversaziones are 
pleasanter even than the club houses, 
where the same faces are always col- 
lected, and where party feeling and 
family distinction interfere with ease 
and freedom. I remember that at Al- 
mon’s. where I used to see Fox, Nor- 
folk, Wilkes, Burke, Barré, and others 
of equal note— and that at Debrett’s, 
frequented for many years by men of 
the highest rank and most splendid re - 
putation. Debrett, however, failed, 
and his shop being closed—the habits 
of his visitors changed, and Ridgway’s 
is now the place of rendezyous, but his - 
shop is too small for the accommoda- 
tion required. . It is, however, plea- 
sant, and here I have been often grati- 
tified, and have formed some valuable 
acquaintances. Such shops in my time 
have been what certain coffee houses 
were in the days of the Spectator. 

INGENIOUS ROBBERS. 

Tn India there is a class of robbers 
called the Gidias, who are very expert 
in imitating the cries of different ani- 
mals, and covering themselves with 
their skins, toelude the pursnit of jus- 
tice. They often follow the camps, 
and with singular address contrive to 
steal out of the tents. Sometimes they 
attack and murder parties of the mili- 
tary escorting money. Ifa house is to 
be plundered, all the approaches to it 
are intercepted, and any individual 
found near it massacred without mercy. 
The English company has cleared its 
provinces of most of them, but some 
few yetremain, and from time to time 
bands of them will issue from the Mah- 
ratta States, and overrun the territories 
of the company. 

INDIAN CUSTOMS. 

A late voyager in India observes 
that he one day saw a company of Las- 
cars at table, and that before they be- 
gun their dinner, the cook threw some 
spoonfuls of ricé into the sea, pro- 

nouncing 


1322, ] 


nouncing a formula of words, as if 
saying grace. ‘They were all seated in 
a circle, and squat on their haunches. 
In the middle of each circle, was set a 
large platter of boiled rice, and in the 
centre of the rice, a little dish of salt 
fish sauce. No spoons were in use, but 
every one helped himself with his right 
hand, and in taking up the rice, twisted 
it with his fingers into the shape of a 
ball, which he frequently dipped in 
the sauce. They are so careful in eat- 
ing that not a grain of rice is ever seen 
to drop on the floor. 
T. HOLLIS, ESQ. 

of Corscombe, in Devoushire, after re- 
turning from his second tour, wrote the 
following, in a window im an inn at 
Falmouth :-— 

“ I have seen the specious, vain 
Frenchman, the trucking seuit Dutch- 
man, the tame Dane, the sturdy, self- 
righting Swede, the barbarous Russ, 
the turbulent Pole, the honest, dull 
German, the pay-fighting Swiss, the 
subtle, splendid Italian, the salacious 
Turk, the sun-warming, lounging 
Maltese, the piratical Moor, the proud, 
cruel Spaniard, the bigoted, base Por- 
tuguese, with their countries—and hail 
again old England, my native land. 
Reader, if English, Scotch, or Irish, 
rejoice in the freedom that is the fe- 
licity of thy native land, and maintain 
it sound to posterity. April 14, 1753.” 

Dec. 11,1798, while transcribing 
the above, it has struck me that the 
frequent changes in our dynasty have 
mainly contributed to strengthen our 
rights, (both preceding and in actual 
existence) and to coutinue and extend 
yet further, the elastic action of public 
spirit. In many instances of recent 
aggrandisement, kings and courtiers 
seem to have been in a more direct and 
emphatical conjunction with the popu- 
lar peognage and principles, which af- 
terwards the malignant influence of 
prosperity has counteracted, and placed 
them in opposition to. 

TOLERATION. 
The leading feature for determining 


the true religion is universal charity. 


A saying of Fitzjames, Bishop of Sois- 
sons, is recorded, which will stand the 
test, and greatly savours of real chris- 
tian candour, that ‘“* We ought to re- 
gard even the Turks as our brethren.” 

Racine, in his Discours sur L’ His- 
loire Ecclesiastique, judiciously ob- 
serves that religion ought to be main- 
tained by the same pure, gentle means 
which established it; preaching, ac- 


Stephensiana.—No., FI. 


139 


companied by discretion and the prac- 
tice of every moral virtue; aud above 
all, as most deserving of confidence, 
by unbounded patience. 

Not less edifying is the view of reli- 
gion adopted by Filangieri, when he 
says: “If so many martyrs had not 
been sacrificed to error, how many 
more proselytes would have beeu gained 
to.truth?”? He adds: ‘“ Innumerable 
are the turnings wherein the human 
intellect has strayed in respect to reli- 
gion, but those records which contain 
the history of such aberrations, present 
us with-a supplement, in a great and 
prevailing truth, that the blood of the 
Martyrs is the seed of the church. He 
further declares that natural jus- 
tice ensures to every one the right of 
public and private worship,—and that 
to force the conscience dishonours the 
service of the Supreme Being, and is 
contrary to the quiet, noble, faithful 
principles of that best of religions, the 
Gospel.” 

St. Chrysostom (in his 47th Homily, 
in Joan.) expressly declares that Chris- 
tians are not to use force for the de- 
struction of error; he gives us a very 
impressive and sensible idea of his can- 
dour, when he subjoins: ‘ The arms 
with which we ought, to contend for 
the salvation of men, are mildness and 
persuasion.” 

_ Fenelon, setting aside the pomp and 
parade of anthority, wrote as follows 
with purity and simplicity, to Louis 
XLV. :—* Grant toleration to all, not 
in approving every thing indifferently, 
but in patiently permitting whatever 
God permits, and endeavouring to re- 
claim men, by that meekness of persua- 
sion which results from moderation.” 

INSURGENTS. 

The insurgents under Walter, a 
tyler. of Deptford, in a reign when 
luxuries and vices abounded, when the 
maxims of government were only no- 
minally squared by the rules of equity, 
demanded of the king, “ That they, 
their lands, possessions, and posterity 
might be free, and that there ought to 
be no slaves nor servitude in England.”’ 
The attempt failed, as have others, in 
repeated instances, emanating from 
that many-headed monster, the mob. 
It was the first, however, in favour of 
those members of the community that 
were Serfs, then a considerable body, 
whose interests were not united in a 
common cause with the barons and free 
men, 

Walter’s house has been standing 

tilk 


140 


till within these few years in the main 
street of Dartford, near the principal 
inn on the north side. It was a consi- 
derable premises, and the new erection 
on its site is one of the best houses in 
Dartford. I once enquired at a bar- 
ber’s shop in Dartford which was the 
house in which Wat Tyler lived—and 
he and his wife, after a moment’s con- 
sultation, replied, with great navieté, 
that they knej no such person, and 
that no one of that name had lived in 
Dartford within the last ten years! 
DANIEL DAMER. 

Men of genuine and exalted good- 
ness have frequently deviated from the 
precision, and, in some instances, 
spurned at the rules of trne propriety. 
Shall I say, with a laudable and manty 
spirit? Oh! que non! When a fire 
broke out at his lodgings in Bedford- 
street, Mr. D. retired with the utmost 
composure, with'a picture of Milton 
(whom he adored) in his hand. leaving 
all his valuables to be consumed by 
the flames. As an Englishman, Mr. 
D.’s loyalty was perfectly consistent 
with independence, and his efforts were 
studiously directed to the propagation 
of Whig principles. As an aroma of 
sweet-scented loyalty, he generously 
gave away from £400 to £800 per an- 
hum, to the friends of liberty in dis- 
tress. His charity, as is well known, 
extended also to colleges and univer- 
sities. 

BURKE 
being asked for a motto to a publication, 
in which the subject of discussion was 
the Isle of Man, jocosely replied: 
“The proper study of Mankind is Man.” 
‘On the unfinished BUST of BRUTUS, 
at FLORENCE: MICHAEL ANGELQ, 

Sculptor. 

Brutum effinxisset sculptor, sed mente 
recursat, 
‘Multa viri virtus, sistit et obstupuit. 

The distich contains a very ingenious 
and animated remark, the meaning of 
which may be thus pointed ont, ‘* The 
sculptor would fain have given his tes- 
timony in favour of that great person- 
age Brutus, have left a lasting impres- 
sion of his vigorous and houourable 
physiognomy, but the peculiar charac- 
ter of his virtue, hushed, silenced the 
artist’s feelings, and barred his effectual 
saction.”’ 

GEORGE f. 

‘believed in the prediction of a French 
‘prophetess, that he should not survive 

“ his wife a year. Soon after her death, 

he took leave of the prince and prineess, 


Stephensiana.—No. VI. 


[March 1, 


lis successors, with tears in his eyes, 


-telling them he should never see them 


more. I, for my part, am inclined to 
think his belief was sincere, and that 
he acted upon it as such. He was then 
indeed on the pveint of setting out for 
Germany, Whence it appears that he re- 
turned not, as at the end of a few weeks 
he died. Some say he hated heth— 
whatever of supposition there may be 
in this, it sounds to reason that he 
should be honest and just enough to 
say of his son, afterwards George II. : 
* Tl est fougueux, mais tl dé de Vhon- 
neur.”” He is very hot and fastidious, 
but he has a gr.at feeling and sense of 
honour. 

As to Queen Caroline, he thus named 
her to his confidants: Cetfe Diablesse, 
Madame la Princesse. George 1. was 
fond of punch, and this is an argument 
of it ad hominem, that sometimes, un- 
intentionally, he got intoxicated. Let 
not this seem strange—what philoso- 
pher can judge of cause and effect, 
without regarding the human passions ? 
George II. was fond of ale—his mis- 
tresses presented him with two Saxon 
China mugs, which they pretended to 
consider as necessary to a man so cir- 
cunstanced. In judging of such, let 
none assume the high tone of a philoso- 
pher. George II. had the Countesses of 
Suffolk and Yarmouth in succession. 
Love can never die. 

LORD BATEMAN, 
an amiable old nobleman, who resides. 
on his estate in Herefordshire. When 
knowledge fails, accomplishments de- 
cay, and mental vigour dies,—charity 
may shine through life. This worthy 
peer hada guineas’ worth of silver laid 
on his breakfast table, every morning, 
to divide among the poor. 
ORIGINAL LETTER of WASHINGTON, 
addressed to SIDY MOHAMMED, Em- 
peror of Morocco. 
Great and Magnanimous Friend, 

Since the date of the letter, which 
the late congress, by their president, 
addressed to your Imperial Majesty, 
the United States of America have 
thought proper to change their govern- 
ment, and to institute a new one, 
agreeable to the constitution, of which 
I have the honour of herewith enclos- 


‘ing acopy. The time necessarily em- 


ployed in this arduous task, and the 
derangements occasioned by so great, 
though peaceable a revolution, will 
apologize and account for your Majes- 
ty’s not having received those regular 
advices and marks of attention from 

the 


1822.] 


the United States, which the friend- 
ship and magnanimity of your conduct 
towards them, afforded reasoa to ex~ 
pect. ; 

The United States, having unani- 
mously appointed me to the supreme 
executive authority in this nation, your 
Majesty’s letter, of the 17th August, 
1788, which by reason of the dissolu- 
tion of the late government, remained 
unanswered, has been delivered to me; 
I have also received the letters which 
your Imperial Majesty has been so kind 
as to write in favour of the United 
States, to the Bashaws of Tunis and 
Tripoli, and I present to you the sincere 
acknowledgments and thanks of the 
‘United States, for this important mark 
of your friendship for them. 

We greatly regret that the hostile 
disposition of those regencies towards 
this nation, who have never injured 
them, is not to be removed on terms in 
our power to comply with. Within 
onr territories there are no mines, 
either of gold or silver, and this young 
natiou, just recovering from the waste 
and desolation of a long war, have not, 
as yet, had time to acquire riches by 
agriculture and commerce. But our 
soil is bountiful, and our people indus- 
trious; and we have reason to flatter 
ourselves that we shall gradually be- 
come useful to our friends. 

The encouragement which your Ma- 
jesty has been pleased, generously, to 
give to our commerce with your domi- 
nions; the punctuality with which you 
have caused the treaty with us to be 
observed, and the just and generous 
measures taken, in the case of Captain 
‘Proctor, make a deep impression on the 
United States, and confirm their re- 
spect for, and attachment to your Im- 
pevial Majesty. 

It gives me pleasure to have this 
opportunity of assuring your Majesty 
that while [remain at the head of this 
nation, I shall not cease to promote 
_ every measure that may conduce to the 
friendship and harmony which so hap- 
pily subsist between your empire and 
them, and shall esteem myself happy 
‘on every occasion, of convincing your 
Majesty of the high sense (which in 
‘common with the whole nation) I 
entertain of the magnanimify, wisdom 
‘and benevolence of your Majesty. 

Tn the course of the approaching win- 
ter, the National Legislature, (which 
is called by the former name of Con- 
gress) will assemble, and I shall take 
care that nothing be omitted that may 


Stephensiana.—No. V1. 


141 


be necessary to cause the correspon- 
dence between our countries to be 
maintained and conducted in a manner 
agreeable to your Majesty, and satis- 
factory to ail the parties concerned in it. 

May the Almighty bless your Iinpe- 
rial Majesty, our great and magnani- 
mous friend, with his constant guidance 
and protection. 

Written at the City of New York, 
the first day of December, 1789. 

(Signed) G. WASHINGTON. 
FRANCE. 

It is bestowing no cold commendation 
on the revolution, to say, that durin 
its first years, its career was mild, nd 
its character distinguished by morality 
of sentiment and happy management 3 
it was the foreign eabinets, with their 
polities, projects and wars, backed by 
the king and aristocracy, that gave it 
a different turn, and brought on a gra- 
dual and striking catastrophe. 

ARTHUR MURPHY. 

I walked to town with Mr. Murphy. 
on the fast day, Nov. 29, 1798. He 
lived in Queen’s Buildings, Knights« 
bridge. We had useful discourse on a 
variety of matters, as he could com- 
bine instruction with elegant enter- 
tainment. It appeared that he had 
been always averse to the principle of 
the American war, and_ though he had 
an employment under government, as 
a commissioner of bankrupts, as the 
friend of political morality and of com- 
mon sense, he could blame the mad- 
ness of the existing ministers. As a 
writer, he had no little claims to atten- 
tion, and he wished well to his country, 
but in his literary labours, never at- 
tempted any thing, in the way of party; 
or, at least, his name, which would 
have been of some value, never appear- 
ed among the numerous tracts pro. and 
con. Of books (Horace Walpole’s 5 vols. 
quarto, at ten guineas, &c.) he observed 
that they “are not now executed by 
priuters, but engravers.” If this may 
be thought an objection, I apprehend 
that the present modes of publication 
do not stand very clear from the impu- 
tation. 

DUNG 

should not be applied to wheat crops, 
as if makes the land foul, and it has 
long been observed by myself and 
others, that though there may be a 
great burden of straw, there will be but 
little wheat. Dung is most beneficial, 
and at times, may be absolutely neces- 
sary to potatoes, turnips and the artifi- 
cial grasses, making wheat the last 

crop 


142 


crop in the course.—See Scott’s Poem 
on Farming. 
GILBERT WAKEFIELD. (1800). 

Cf this gentleman, who occupies such 
a space in the department of classical 
criticism, report testifies that he can 
never sleep out of his own house, and 
that from the time he goes to his bro- 
ther’s at Richmond, until his return, 
he never sleeps. 

It is also a remarkable trait in the 
character of so benevolent a man, that 
he attended all public executions, so as 
to be noticed as a constant attendant 
by the persons officially engaged in these 
exaggerations of justice. He described 
it as a study of human nature! 
CULTURE OF THE TOURNESOL, OR, 

SUN-FLOWER. — Biblivtheque Phy- 

sico Economique, Vol. 1. 1796. 

The sun-flower, kidney beans, and 
potatoes mixed together, agree admi- 
rably ; the neighbourhood of the sun- 
flower proving advantageous to the pota- 
toe. It isa well authenticated fact, that 
with careful attention, the sun-flower 
will make excellent oil. 

The marc, or refuse of the sun- 
flower, after the oil is expressed, may 
be prepared as a light viand for hogs, 
a pigeons and poultry, which will 

anqueton it to satiety. Query, would 
it not make good oil cakes for fattening 
pigs? lf brought into notice, it might 
become an object of some magnitude. 
Forty-eight pounds of sun-flowers will 
produce twelve pounds of oil. In fine, 
I esteem it as worthy of consideration, 
for Ist. In the scale of excellence, it 
will render the use of grain for feeding 
hogs, poultry, pigeons, &c. compara- 
tively unnecessary. 2. As it resembles 
olive oil, would it not be found, on ex- 
amination, competent to supply its 
place? Whatever may be the points 
of difference, it certainly will be ser- 
viceable in home consumption and ma- 
nufactures. 3. Its leaves are to be 
plucked as they become yellow and 
dried. 4. It affords an agreeable and 
wholesome food to sheep aud rabbits. 
To goats and rabbits, the little branches 
are a delicious and luxurious gratifica- 
tion, as is also the disc of the pure 
flower, after the grains have been taken 
out. Rabbits eat the whole except the 
woody part of the plant, which is well 
adapted for the purposes of fuel. 5. Its 
alkalic quality appears to deserve no- 
tice; forty quintals yield eighty pounds 
of alkali, a produce four times superior 
to that of any other plant we are ac- 
quainted with, maizeexcepted. 6. Might 


Stephensiana,—No. V1. 


[March ]. 


it not be used as a ley? And mi- 
nuter observation would probably con- 
vert it into soap, the basis of both 
being oil. 

Dig and trench about it, as both that 
and the potatoe love new earths. Let 
the rows be twenty inches distant from 
each other, and it will be advantageous, 
as the tournesol loves room. Three 
grains are to be sown, distant some 
inches from each other, and when their 
stems are from eight to twelve inches 
high, the finest of the three only to be 
left. Two tufts of French beans to be 
planted between every two sun-flowers, 
the four intermediate rows to be planted 
with potatoes. The French beans will 
climb up the sides of the sun-flower, 
which will act and uniformly support, 
like sticks, and the sun-flower will se- 
cond this disposition, by keeping off 
the great heats from the potatoe, and 
produce more than if all had been 
planted with potatoes. 

Each sun-flower will produce one or 
two pounds, and the acre will bring in 
a vast amount, or contain one thousand 
pounds, being one third more than 
grain. 

SUPERSTITION. 

At Wavertree, near Liverpool, is a 
well which during many ages has borne, 
and still bears, the following monkish 
inscription : 

Qui non dat quod habet, 

Deemon infra ridet. 
The language is not very courtly, and 
joined with the sentiment, imports that 
every wise man will readily give some- 
thing—who does not, let him be de- 
voted to destruction. 

Alms were formerly solicited here— 
and the devil below served all the pur- 
poses of a loaded pistol, to the ignorant 
traveller, who was thereby intimidated 
out of his money. 

George II. had implicit faith in the 
German notion of vampyres. This is 
affirmed, with the dry precision of his- 
torical truth, by Horace Walpole. 

ROUSSEAU. 

“* Un peuple est libre, quelque forme 
qu’ait son Gouvernement, quand dans 
celui qui le gouverne, il ne voit pas 
Vhomme, mais l’orgaue de la loi.” 

Thus paraplirased, “ In civil estab- 
lishments the ends and objects of a free 
government are most fully and clearly 
realised, whatever may be the forms. 
by which the community is regulated, 
when in the governor, not human pas- 
sions, to practise delusion on the people, 
but law and right are employed, as the 

organs 


1822] 


organs and protectors of the constitu- 
tion.” 
POWER abused by LEGITIMACY. 
- Milton’s Defensio Pro Pop was 
burnt at Paris, and Toulouse, by the 
hands of the common hangman. Such 
are the disgraceful manceuvres of poli- 
tical hypercritics, of puny mortals, to 
reverse the distinguishing characters 
of truth. The too much favoured no- 
tions of royalty (which if it has some 
excellencies, has many faults) were, 
however successfully checked, by the 
States of Holland, who stigmatized 
Salmasius’s book, (devoted to the gau- 
diness and inane purposes of will and 
pleasure) with sovereign contempt. 
Only one edition of it was printed. 
Neither Milton, nor the warmest com- 
monwealth’s man ever thought of 
altering the government, till Charles, 
by repeated and flagrant violations of 
his word, by temerities highly repre- 
hensible, had furnished uno slight sus- 
picion of his sinister intentions with 
respect to public liberty. 
ANDREW MARVEL. 

By asingular variety of fortune, he 
was the secret adviser of Prince Rupert, 
nephew of Charles I. and the favourite 
tutor of Mr. Dutton, nephew to Oliver 
Cromwell, to the father of whom, he 
also acted as Latin secretary, under 
Milton. He was afterwards one of the 
protectors of Milton. 

The late Mr. Hollis, who intended to 
have written a life of Marvel, observes, 
* that his picture was painted when he 
was forty-one; that is, in the year 1661 
(as appears under the frame), in all the 
sobriety and decency of the departed 
Commonwealth.” 


GOVERNMENT and the ENGLISH CON- 
STITUTION, by MARVEL. 


“ And yet there are those men among 
us, who have undertaken and do make 
it their business, under so legal and 
perfect a government, to introduce 
French slavery * * * , which is a 
crime of the highest nature. For, as to 
matters of government. if to murder the 
King be, as certainly it is, a fact so hor- 
rid, how much more heinous is it to 
assassinate the kingdom? and, as none 
will deny, that to alter our monarchy 
into a Commonwealth were treason, 
30, by the same fundamental rule, the 
crime is no less to make that Monarchy 
absolute.”—Marvell’s Works, 4to ed. 
vol. 1, p. 456. 

* Alas! the wisdom and probity of 


Stephensiana.—No. VI. 


143 


the law went.off, for the most part, with 
the good Sir Matthew Hales, and justice 
is made a mere property.” 

“ What French counsel, what stand- 
ing forces, what parliamentary bribes, 
what national oaths, and all the other 
machinations of wicked men have not 
yet been able to effect, may more com- 
pendiously be acted by twelve judges 
in searlet.”” 2). p. 524. 

Mr. M. asserts, that both King and 
subject are equally liable to the opera- 
tion of the laws, and that the reigning 
Prince “is no longer a King than he 
continues to obey them.” 


A CONQUEROR 
is thus defined by Fenelon: * Un 
Conquerant est un homme, Sc. A con- 
queror is a man whom God, in the dis- 
pensation of his Providence, lets loose 
upon mankind as a formidable and in- 
exorable despoiler, inflicting a dread- 
ful punishment on a devoted country, 
and making as many slaves as there are 
free men.’”? “May I not be permitted to 
add: * Disfiguring the works of man, 
and frequently profaning the name and 
violating the altars of the great God !” 


HENRY IV. 

Ina history of Henry IV. it is asserted 
thaf an ingenious artist contrived to 
inscribe the names of all the good kings 
who had appeared in the world, within 
the circumference’ of a farthing, and 
that he had still sufficient room for all 
the good kings who might appear to 
the end of the world. 

GENERAL MOREAU, 

Prior to the French revolution, had 
applied for a sub-lieutenancy of Dra- 
goons, but was refused, as not being of. 
noble birth. Only a small portion of 
sagacity is to be found in this ancient 
hauteur ; we discover a more solid foun- 
dation capable of sustaining military 
operations, in the practical schools of 
proficiency, established by the policy of 
the revolution. Introduced to a mili- 
tary life, on that general scale, Moreau 
was soon elected commander of a 
battalion of National Guards. Then 
devoting himself to the various occupa- 
tions of his profession, his whole atten- 
tion directed to a single object, we be- 
hold him rising through all the grada- 
tions of service, till we find him by the 
brilliancy of personal talents, exalted 
to supreme command. His skill in 
the direction of military energies was 
early shewn, and it is unnecessary to 
dilate wpon it. 

PROCEEDINGS 


fics al 


‘) [Mareh 1, 


PROCEEDINGS OF PUBLIC SOCIETIES. 


—=>>—— 


INSTITUTE OF FRANCE. 


SYNOPSIS of GEOGRAPHICAL RE- 
SEARCHES respecting the INTERIOR 
of NORTHERN AFRICA, by M. WALC- 
KENAER,. 2 

HE task assigned to the author by 
the academy was to examine an 
itinerary from Tripoli to Timbuctou, 
translated by a French Morocco consul 
from theArabic of the Cheyk-Hagg-Cas- 
sem; this was an aged agent that served 
as a guide to the caravans in their jour- 
neys to Timbuctou. 

M. Silvestre de Sacy being in pos- 
session of another itinerary from Tri- 
poli to Timbuctou, written in the vul- 
gar Arabic, translated it at my request. 
The annexed words by the author, ter- 
minate his itinerary, “ Composed by 
me, Mohammed, the son of Ali, the 
son of Foul; my father was a free citi- 
zen, my mother a black slave; my 
country is Teraoubez and Tomboctou.”’ 

These two itineraries are of consi- 
derable importance for the geography 
of Africa, and I inten! to publish 
them," accompanied with a map or 
chart: this last differs in many essen- 
tial points from all thathave hitherto 
appeared, 

The regions in the interior of ‘Africa, 
known by the name of Soudan, are rich 
and abundant in gold and ivory, and 
fertilized by large rivers and consider- 
able lakes, interspersed with an im- 
mense population. 

Mahometanism, which has overthrown 
and founded so many states, kingdoms, 
and empires, has effected - important 
revolutions in the centre of Africa, 
The northern parts of the continent 
bordering on the Mediterranean were 
from very ancient times inhabited by 
civilized nations: and the Pheenicians, 
Carthaginians, Greeks, and Romans 
flourished there in commerce and the 
arts, while the tribes of the interior, 
separated by vast barren spaces re- 
mained barbarous. 

Mahometanism, in subjecting all the 
north of Africa to a nation accustomed 
to traverse immense desarts, has proved 
a potent cause of ¢ivilization. The 
Arabs transported the camel with them 
into Africa, and the Moors that led a 
wandering life and had issued origi- 


* It has not yet appeared, but is an- 
nounced as on the eve of publication. : 


nally from Arabia, hailed their con- 
querors, whose language and customs 
were similar, as compatriots and not as ~ 
usurpers. Till then, obstacles almost 
insurmountable were opposed to any 
civilized nation that would penetrate 
into the Soudan. 

The Arabs without difficulty com- 
menced a direct intercourse with the 
rich regions beyond the Great Desart, 
and from which gold had long been 
departed. They-sent regular caravans, 
which appear to have passed at first 
through the Fezzan and Agadez, as in 
that direction the desart is intersected 
by a considerable number of oases, or 
fertile spots insulated in the midst of 
sands. But afterwards, when the em- 
pire of the Khaliphs had extended to 
the western extremities of Africa, and 
even into Spain, other caravans took 
a direction through the vallies of Sus, 
Darah, and Tafilet, which lie to the 
south of the kingdom of Morocco. 

Colonies of Moors,and Arabs were 
speedily established in various regions, 
and zealous missionaries penetrated into 
them. -Human sacrifices were abolish- 
ed, and the religion of Mahomet was a 
commencement of civilization among 
the negroes.. This horrid superstition, 
however, is still practised in countries 
more to the south, approximating to 
the gold coast, to Guinea, and to 
Congo. “ 

The empire of the Khaliphs had its 
revolutions, and these, together with 
the wars between the Spanish Khaliphs 
and the African, of the dynasty of 
Zeirites produced more frequent trans- 
migrations to the countries beyond the 
Great Desart. 


On the HEIGHTS of the CHAIN of 
HIMALAYA, and the limitation of its 
perpetual SNOWS, by the BARON CU- 
VIER, perpetual Secretary. 
A skilful English engineer, Mr. 

“Webb, having measured, trigenome- 
trically, the highest peaks of the great 
chain of the Himalaya, that bounds 
India on the north, some were found 
more elevated than any till then known. 
The height of one is 7,820 metres, 
which as much surpasses .the Chimbo- 
rasso, as Mont Blanc does Mont Perdu. 
The exactness of this measurement, 
however, has been controverted, chiefly 
because in the northern reverse of the 

chain 


1822.] 


chain, the perpetual snow does not 
come down as low as might be expected 
from the latitude. Another objection 
is, that plants vegetate there at an ele- 
vation where they would grow no where 
else, and to this is added, that the re- 
fraction may be taken for soniething in 
those calculations. 

M. de Humboldt has made observa- 
tions to shew, that to bring down these 
mountains to the level of the Chimbo- 


rasso, we must suppose the co-efficient . 


of the refraction to 0,3 instead of 0,08, 
a quantity inadmissable in so southerly 
a zone. It is very true, that in the 
passages, and at the back of the Hima- 
Jaya, abutting the plains of Tartary, 
‘the snow melts in summer at the height 
of 5,077 metres; a height where under 
the Equator itself, it is doubtless eter- 
nal. Mr. Webb found none at 300 
feet still higher, although he made his 
observations at the 3lst degree of N. 
latitude. In that very latitude, north 
of the crest of the Himalaya, are found 
pastures, wheat, and excellent vegeta- 
tion, at the height of 4549 metres, while 
on the southern point of these same 
mountains, the phenomena are little 
different from what has been observed 
in other countries of the globe. 

M. Humboldt remarks on this sub- 
ject, that the limits of perpetual snow, 
form one of the most complicated re- 
sults of physical causes; that they are 
not so much regulated by isothern 
lines (or of a medium and equal heat 
during the year) as by isotheres, or of 
equal extreme heat in summer; and 
that these two kinds of lines are far 
from being parallel. It is also ad- 
mitted that in the interior of large 
continents, the annual heat, and espe- 
cially the summer heat, in equal lati- 
tudes, become stronger than on the 
eoasts, by reason of the sun’s radiations. 
We may conceive then that on moun- 
tains, whose backs incline towards 
large plains, perpetnal snow may be 
more retired and nearer the heights; 
indeed similar effects are witnessed on 
the chain of Caucasus. 

M. Humboldt analyses and appre- 
eiates several other causes that may 
~ contribute to the above variations, and 
introduces some observations made by 
him on the subject, in different parts 
of America. 


SCIENTIFIC LABOURS of M. DE LA- 
LANDE in the COUNTRY of the HOT- 
. TENTOTS and CAFFRARIA. 
- ‘THE Cape of Good Hope occupied for 
MontTuuy MAG. No, 365, 


Institute of France. 


145 


a length of time by Europeans, was 
thought to have been sufficiently ex- 
plored, but thecollections brought from 
thence by M. de Lalande lead to an 
inference very different. By his instru- 
mentality, we are made far better ac- 
quainted, if not with the soils, at least, 
with the productions of Austral Africa 
in plants, animals, and other organized 
beings. 

This voyager had already exhibited 
proofs of his zeal and capacity, m three 
voyages undertaken for the government 
at Lisbon, to the coast of Provence and 
to Brazil, Accompanied by a nephew 
only twelve years of age, who shared 
all his fatigues and labours, M. de La- 
lande, quitted Paris on the 2d of April, 
1818, and on the third of August follow- 
ing, had arrived at the anchorage off 
the Cape. After several excursions and 
discoveries in the vicinity of Cape 
Town, he entered the country of the 
Hottentots, on the 11th of November, 
1818. On his return, he advanced to 
the provinceof Birg River, July 5, 1819. 
and on the 2d of November following, 
he set out for Caffraria. 

With. no other attendance than his 
nephew and a few ignorant Hottentots 
or Negroes, it took some time before 
M. de Lalande could proceed in his re- 
searches, at the distance of 800 miles 
from the chief seat of the colony. He 
was insulated, as it were, in a western 
territory, at a time when the Caffres 
were very hostile to the Europeans 5 
but this circumstance, though a perilous 
one, could not frustrate the accomplish- 
ment of his mission. 

It was only at that distance that he 
could expect to find an enormous qua- 
druped, the two horned rhinoceros, an 
object he was very anxious to obtain, 
He maintained his ground in that in- 
hospitable region, till he discovered 
and laid prostrate that prodigious ani- 
mal, twelve feet in length, which had 
long been a desideratum in our collec- 
tions and works of natural history. 
This fortunate acquisition was made in 
a territory west of the Cape. 

Sometime after, he turned, in an 
easterly direction, in quest of another 
prize which had been recommended to 
him. The skeleton of an animal not 
less colossal must be also secured, as es- 
sential to thé requirements of science. 
At Birg River, he commences the pur- 
suit of the hippopotamus ; he comes up 
to a whole family of them, kills their 
chief, the largest and most formidable. 
A colonial law prohibited the pally oe 

the 


146 


the Lippopotamus, but the governor 
had it in his power to remit the 1000 
rix-dollars penalty for its infraction. 
From Lord Charles Somerset, the go- 
vernor, and the colonial secretary, Mr, 
Christopher Bird, facilities and encour- 
agement of every kind were readily 
afforded to M. de Lalande. 

In the interval of his remote expedi- 
tions, the sea, violently agitated, had 
thrown up on the shore of the Cape, 
whales, whose carcases the uncle and 
nephew were often obliged to cut up, 
lest other waves should drag the whole 
from them. They have brought away 
three skeletons complete, in spite of 
the putrefaction to which the pieces 
were incident under the burning sun 
of the climate. 

In short, the labours of the two na- 
turalists have collected in the space of 
two years, of insects 10,000 individuals 
and 952 species; of birds, 2205 indivi- 
duals, 280 species; of mammifers 228 
individuals, 59 species ; of reptiles, 322 
individuals, 136 species ; of fishes, 263 
individuals, 70 species; of mollusca 
387 individuals, 102 species, in addi- 
tion to all which they have prepared 
122skeletons. Total 13,307 individuals 
and 1629 species. This assemblage 
goes near to complete the zoology of 
the Cape. During his stay, M. de La- 
lande contrived to procure a number of 
skeletons of heads of the people in- 
habiting the country ; the races being 
very remarkable in point of number as 
well as by their conformation. 


NOTICE relative to the FRENCH ESTA- 
BLISHMENT in SENEGAL. 

THIS colony has commercial rela- 
tious with five nations that inhabit 
the lands watered by the Senegal. The 
Moors on the right bank are divided 
into three tribes, the Trarzas, the Dar- 
maucous, and the Bracknas. The first 
are the most warlike, and the last the 
most numerous. These two tribes are 
in possession of the gum forests of Sahel 
and Alfatak. The product amounts to 
about 16000 milliers, brought to the 
escale or mart in the Desart, and to the 
Terrier Rouge. ; 

The kingdom of Cayor, which reaches 
from Rufisco, beyond Cape Verd, to the 
banks of the Senegal, is subject toa 
prince named Damel. His country is 
sixty leagues long and forty wide, but 
being often overrun by his own plun- 
dering expeditions, the pepulation 
hardly amounts to 3000. 


Institute of France. 


| March I, 


Next to this, is a country more ciyi- 
lized but less potent, and known by the 
name of Brack. Dagana is on its east- 
ern border, and a lake designated in the 
French maps, by the name Panier 
Foulé, (the true African name of which 
is Ghier) is in the centre. 

Above Dagana, lie the possessious of 
the Foules, a people powerful and nu- 
merous; they occupy the Isle of Mer- 
phil, near the old fort of Podor and the 
Isle of Bilbas. The population comprises 
about three millions. The apparent 
chief is an elective prince named Alma- 
mi, who had formerly the title of Sira- 
tik, when the septre was hereditary and 
absolute. The religion is Mahometan. 

Beyond the county of Galam, where 
a fort has been erected, called Bake, are 
the people of Bambouk and _ the peace- 
able Serracolets, who apply to agricul- 
ture; these repair to the French settle- 
ments in quest of European commodi- 
ties. Fort St. Joseph which stood a 
little above has been abandoned. 

To keep these people employed in the 
culture of cotton and indigo, peace 
must be maintained; they must be 
treated with kindness, and their quar- 
rels extinguished by friendly medi- 
ation. 

A complaint is made that the govern- 
ment of St. Louis allowed a fatal war 
to rage between the Trarzas Moors and 
the Brask, which they might have ex- 
tinguished. This prince, the weakest 
among the Africans, had cast himself 
on the protection of France. Formerly, 
to escape the pillaging of the Trarzas 
who used to cross the river, he agreed 
to pay a moderate tribute in cattle and 
meal, not exceeding 3000 francs. But 
confiding in the powerful aid of his new 
patrons, he refused the tribute anda 
war ensued. This prince, in a battle, 
had his thigh broke; several of his vil- 
lages were burnt, and the inhabitants 
killed or made slaves. If in lieu of 
taking part in these wars, the French 
local government had amicably inter- 
posed, peace would have been readily 
established. No interruption has taken 
place of late in the guin trade, as the 
Trarzas and the Bracknas transport it 
to Pertendic, to sell it to the English. 

The Foules are alienated from the 
French, and complaints are made of the 
mal-ad ministration of the local authori- 
ties. Of the 800 persons and upwards 
in civil and military employs, the 
burning climate takes away a sixth 
part. 

LITERARY 


1822.] 


LITERARY SOCIETY OF BOMBAY. 
DESCRIPTION of the TREE of KEBYR- 

“BOR, in the Island of that name, 

situated twelve miles NE. of Ba- 

reatch, in the vicinity of the Corna- 
line Mines. (Read to the Literary 
ae of Bombay, by J. COPLAND, 

M.D. 

THE moon was shining bright, and 
we could distinguish objects so as to 
form a correct notion of the tree. The 
obscurity diffused beneath the foliage 
added to the grandeur and solemnity 
of the scene. Its leafy colonnades, its 
verdant areades, ifs immense festoons, 
the spacious area that this giant of the 
forests covers with its shade, its enor- 
mous trunks, all concur to attest its 
antiquity, and I experienced emotions 
similar to what are felt in the vast 
basilicos of the gothic order, while the 
freshness which emanated from the 
thick foliage seemed to give me new 
life. 

The ground which this tree covers 
with its branches, as far as I could 
judge, is about three or four acres. 
They ascend to such a height as to be 
visible in a radius of maty miles; at 
certain distances the tree appears like a 
hill, forming one extremity of the is- 
land. On the east the river washes its 
foot; to the south and west are sand 
banks, which are covered at high tides. 
The northern part of the island isa 
tongue stretching about three miles. 
The soil, light and sandy, has some 
fertility. 

When the river overflows, towards 
the end of the rainy season, the island 
becomes inundated. This forces the 
few islanders that inhabit it, with the 
apes, their neighbours, to seek refuge 
in the higher parts of the tree, where 
they remain perched several days, till 
the waters retire; such being their ra- 
pidity, that no boat can manceuvre in 
them. 

__A singular traditiov exists among the 
Hindoos respecting this tree. They re- 
late that a man of the name of Kebyr, 
renowned for sanctity, after cleansing 
his teeth in the Indian manner, with a 
piece of wood, threw it into the river, 
where it took root so as to form, in 
time, this prodigious tree. After his 
death, the saint had the honours of 
canonization, and we saw his statue ina 
temple near one of the most ancient 
trunks, supposed to be the piece of 
wood that served him for a tooth pick. 
- Yo this temple repair all the neigh- 
bouring villagers, and a multitude of 


Interary Society of Bombay. 


147 


strangers arrive to pay their devotions. 
The duty of celebrating the ceremonies 
is confided to the mendicants named 
Biragys, superintended by a chief who 
resides in theisland. With an excep- 
tion of the students that dwell on the 
neighbouring continent, the rest are 
wanderers that come from all parts of 
India. Our intention was to pass the 
night under the protection of the saint, 
but not having our hammocks we were 
obliged to take to our boat, and pass 
the night in it, instead of a temple. 


LETTER from DR. EVERSMANN, daled 
from the Banks of the Rivers szir, 
(the ancient TAXARTES,) and the 
KUWAN. 

Our caravan, which consisted, as at 
our first departure from Orenburg, 
of five hundred camels and as many 
men for escort, half foot soldiers 
and half Cossacks, pursues its journey 
with great order and uniformity. We 
set out generally at eight in the morn- 
ing, and moveon till four or five; then 
we raise our tents, and prepare our vic- 
tuals, mutton, tea, and biscuit. The 
next day we continue our route, halting 
every four or five hours. | 

After traversing in this manner, # 
space of about 150 werstes, or thirty- 
three leagues, we arrived at the tents of 
the Sultan Arungusi, who proceeded 
with usto the banks of the Szir, intend- 
ing to accompany us to those of the 
Kuwan. We have crossed a number of 
steppes, or sandy desarts, such as the 
Great and the Little Bursuck, the Black 
Sands, the Kuel, &c. In the latter is 
the lake Arah, from the banks of which 
we may overlook a vast extent of coun- 
try, formed. of recent alluvions, the 
stony matter-in which is composed of 
shells, and a small species of curdes 
that we found alive in the Aral. Se- 
veral sorts of murex, though in minor 
quantities, attracted notice. 

Since Nov. 10th, we have been con- 
stantly. on or along the Szir, which 
empties itself into the lake Aral. The 
mean width of this river is much about 
that of the Elbe, or of the Karna, a river 
of Russia. The banks, smooth or rug- 
ged, are destitute of trees, and sandy, 
like the desart throughout; they pre- 
sent, however, in a tract of many miles, 
reeds, very thickly set, and three times 
the height ofa man. The bed of this 
river is deep; we found it frozen where 
we had to cross it, and the passage was 
not without danger. Lakes, great and 
small, enviren it. We marched along 

the 


118 


the banks of the lake to the point where 
it receives the river, which is there of 
a great breadth. The whole of the sur- 
rounding country is covered also with 
reeds, aud it is so level, that we never 
could light on the smallest eminence, 
to catch even a partial view of the lake. 

Advancing two days’ journey, we 
reached a bay of the Szir, which might 
be deemed a lake, stretching from NE. 
to SW., thirty-five werstes in length, 
the breadth variable. The banks of 
this bay, bristled like the Szir with 
reeds, are inbahited by Kirguis Tar- 
tars, who live by fishing and agricul- 
ture. They are pretty numerous, but 
very poor, and have scarcely a rag to 
cover them. In March, 1820, they 
were plundered by the Chiwanese, and 
other Kirguis, under the Khan Aman- 
bai. Among these coasters and rang- 
ers of the bay, I saw few that had not 
large scars from the wounds then re- 
ceived, and several had been massacred. 
All related, with grievous lamentations, 
the numberless calamities they were 
then assailed with. 

Their huts are formed of dry reeds, 
placed obliquely, in the roof form, 
most commonly in the midst of the 
reeds, as a. shelter from wind and wea- 
ther. Barley and millet are the only 
grains the sandy soil is susceptible of, 
and the cultivation of these would be 
insecure, if particular care was not 
taken to produce irrigation by canals. 

Our companion, the Sultan. Arun- 
gasi, has assumed, for some years, the 
title of Khan of the Horde of Szir, and 
he is recognized as such by the Bucha- 
rians, though not by the Chiwanese, nor 
by Russia. For his services in accom- 
panying us, he was expecting the sanc- 
tion of this latter power, which alone 
has the right of nominating the Khans 
of the Kirguis. Two other personages 
are aspiring to this dignity. Tschar- 
gasi, whose claim is admitted by Russia, 
and Amanbai, whose tribe extends 
from the river Szir to the frontiers of 
Chiwan. These three competitors are 
on terms of illagreement ; thus Aman- 
bai, assisted by the Chiwanese, has at- 
tacked Arungasi, as before stated, pil- 
laged his lands on the Szir, and mas- 
sacred a number of the Kirguis in his 
dependance. Half of his property is 
lost to Arungasi; one of his brothers, 
with his wife, mother, and other rela- 
tions, have been deprived of their liber- 
ty.. Thirty thousand sheep were car- 
ried off, and Arungasi breathes ven- 
geance. 


Literary Society of Bombay. 


[March], 


In a secret expedition, one of his 
brothers, collecting two or three thou- 
sand Kirguis, surprised certain adhe- 
rents of his enemy, settled between the 
Szir and the Kuwan, put them to flight, 
and gained a considerable booty and 
many prisoners ; among others, the bro- 
ther of Amanbai, with his mother, wife, 
and children. I saw them all in tents, 
where they were guarded by the brother 
of Arungasi. 

Yesterday the Bucharian caravan 
overtook us; it left Oremburg on the 
5th of November, fourteen days after 
us. By this, we learn that the caravan 
of the Chiwanese, which had also de- 
parted from that city, bad been com- 
pletely plundered by the Kirguis of 
Arungasi’s party, and that most of the 
persons who composed it were massa- 
cred. We are now (Dec. 3d,) nine 
hundred werstes, or two. hundred 
leagues, from the point of departure. 
This evening the infantry and artillery 
crossed the Szir’; the rest of the caravan 
will pass to-morrow. 

In a postscript, dated from the banks 
of the Kuwan, Dr. Eversmann says: 
Our passage of the Szir, where it was 
400 paces broad, lasted two hours. The 
ice broke under one camel, which, how- 
ever, was saved, together with his load. 
Arrived on the left bank, we marched 
along it about the space of nine wersts 
across the reeds; then leaving it for a 
south-easterly direction, we reached, 
yesterday, the river Kuwan, which we 
passed this morning early, coasting 
along it the whole day, and we are now 
encamped near it. 

The prisoner, brother of Amanbai, a 
young man of threeand twenty, named 
lakasch, was killed yesterday by his 
conquerors ; at first they discharged a 
pistol at his breast, but this not _provin 
mortal, they rushed upon him, ciaiprok 
him, and cut off his head. The brother 
of Arungasi has taken the wife of 
Iakasch, to replace his own, who is a 
prisoner in the Chiwan. Sueh appears 
to be the usage of the country. 

Subsequent advices report the arri- 
val of the Russian embassy, at the resi- 
dence of the Khan of Bucharia. This 
prince had three wives, one of whom, 
being indisposed, Dr. Eversmann had 
an opportunity of seeing her. He gives 
the following description of .her cos- 
tume: She had on a rich chalatan, i. e. 
a long and wide-spreading robe, worn 
also by the men. Her co#ffure (head- 
dress). consisted of a high bonnet, 
shaped as a truncated cone, and pigold 

anc 


1822.] 


and silver stuffs, enriched with some 
hundreds of precious stones, as ru- 
bies, turquoises, amethysts, cornalines, 
agathes, &c., intermingled with coral 
and fine pearls. On the top of the bonnet 
were plumes, in the Turkish mode,and 
at the bottom, pearls and coral grains 
tressed together, and set off with gold 
and silver ornaments. Similar tresses 


New Patents and Mechanical Inventions. 


149 


fell down the shoulders and breast of 
the Sultana. She appeared to be about 
the age of thirty. 

The Doctor did not see her two com- 
panions, who were younger and more 
richly clad than herself. Russian and 
Persian stuffs and ornaments make up 
i: clothing and wardrobes of all the 
three. 


NEW PATENTS AND MECHANICAL INVENTIONS. 


+> 


To EDWARD COLEMAN, Professor of 
the Veterinary College, St. Pancras, 
. for anew and improved Form of Con- 
_ struction of Shoes for Horses. 
ORSES’ hoofs before they are 
shod are more or less circular, 
in proportion to the weight and action 
applied to the upper surface of the 
horny sole, and to the lower surface of 
the frog. In the largest horses, with 
the highest action, the hoofs are most 
circular, In all horses the cavity of 
the hoof is completely filled with sub- 
stances highly sensible. - The object of 
shoeing. is not only to preserve the va- 
rious parts of the foot from being injur- 
ed or destroyed by artificial roads, but 
to retain their natural form, structure; 
and functions. In this country it is 
found that the hoofs and frogs of our 
most valuable horses, used for active 
purposes, with small heads and necks, 
and light fore-quarters, with low ac- 
tion, and shod with common shoes, 
only become contracted, particu- 
arly at the heels. This very general 
disease proceeds principally from the 
horses frog being unnaturally raised 
from the ground, In ordinary shoeing 
a rim of iron is placed round the lower 
edge of the hoof, which elevates and 
keeps the frog about -halfan inch above 
its natural bearing: and as the priuci- 
pal use of the pe is to preserve the 
upper-quarters and heels of the hoof, 
expanded, and from its elasticity to act 
asaspring to the animal, it follows, 
that if the frog be so unnaturally raised 
above its former situation, it necessa- 
rily loses a considerable portion of its 
inary pressure, and the hoof, instead 
‘of retaining its circular form, becomes 
contracted at the quarters and heels, 
and elongated at the toe. The frog 
itself, from the want of pressure, also 
contracts. When the horse’s foot with- 
out shoes comes in contact with the 
ground, the horny sole descends and 
expands, and in the same degree. ne- 


cessarily expands the lower quarters 
and hoof,*but from the pressure of or- 
dinary shoes on the lower edge of the 
quarters and heels, of the crust in 
horses of light weight and low action, 
the expansion and elasticity of these 
parts are in a great degree prevented, 
and concussion, inflamation and lame- 
ness, often ensue. To preserve the frog - 
and hoof from contraction, and various 
other diseases, the improved shoe is 
constructed. That part of the shoe 
which is intended to be in contact with 
the crust, is about an inch and a half 
shorter than the common shoe, and has 
a clip at the toe to embrace the toe of 
the hoof. The shoe is made short to 
remove all pressure of the shoe from 
the lower quarters and heels of the 
crust, and thereby to admit the free de- 
scent and expansion of the sole, and 
the lower quarters and heels of the 
crust. The heels of the shoe are made 
suddenly thin, and bevelled on both 
sides to avoid the contact and pres- 
sure of the ground and hoof, which 
contact and pressure, if the heels were 
thick, would be liable to press and 
wear this part of the crust beyond its 
growth. A shoe, however, of this de- 
scription can only be used with advan- 
tage in certain horses with high heels, 
and only when the ground is. dry; 
when wet the horn will wear away 
faster than it grows, and the frog fre- 
quently will not leave adequate pres- 
sure. To prevent, therefore, the wear 
of the horn beyond its growth, and to 
give pressure to the frog, a longitudi- 
nal bar of iron, which I have named 
the frog bar, is firmly and permanently 
fixed, either hy welding, screwing, or 
rivetting to the centre of the shoe, and 
is generally made anteriorly as. thick 
as the substance of the shoe itself, and 
extends backwards as far as the end of 
the-heels of the frog. A frog-bar may 
be added to a long shoe in the same 
manner, but a ‘short shoe, for the rea- 

sons 


150 
sons assigned, is in most cases prefer- 
able. A shoe made upon this principle 
will not only give pressure to the frog, 
but very generally prevent contracted 
hoofs, flat feet, corns, sand cracks, 
thrushes, cankers, and guittors, and is 
the best shoe to be eat in the cure of 
these maladies, and also to prevent 
cutting. 

In a word, the invention consists in 
firmly and permanently fixing, by wel- 
ding, screwing, or rivetting, the longi- 
tudinal frog-bar to the centre of the 
shoe.—Inrolled, April 15, 1820. 

Yo WILLIAM BROCKEDON, of Poland- 
street, for his Invention of certain 
Improvements in Wire-Drawing. 
Instead of the usual mode of drawing 

wire through holes made in plates of 

iron, or steel, other metals, or composi- 
tions of metals; Mr. B. makes or causes 
to be made, by drilling or polishing, in 
the usual methods employed by lapida- 
ries, &c. cylindrical or conical holes,with 
their extremities rounded off, through 
diamonds, sapphires, rubies, chrysolites, 
or any other fit and proper hard gems 
or stones; which he mounts or sets in 
blocks, frames, or plates of metal, or 
other fit substances, proper for fixing or 
securing them for use; and the metals, 
or composition of metals to be made 
into wire, are to be drawn through 
these holes, in the usual manner of wire- 
drawing. The wire may be drawn 
through either end of the hole; but he 
prefers entering it at the smallest end, 
and drawing from the larger end of the 
holes ; because the gems or stones will 
present, in this direction, a firmer re- 
sistance against the action of the wire 

in drawing.—Inrolled, Sept. 20, 1821. 

To Mason ROHDE, of Lemun-street, 
Goodman’ s-fields, Sugar-refiner ; for 
separating or extracting the Molasses 
or Syrup from Muscovado or other 
Sugar. 

-It being ascertained that a consider- 
able proportion of the discoloured mat- 
ter and other substances which consti- 
tute molasses or syrup, is formed on the 
surface of the crystal of the purer sugar ; 
the method which the patentee employs 
for separating or extracting the molas- 
ses or syrup from such crystals, is to 
absorb the molasses or syrup by using 
linen, or some other substance of ab- 
sorbing quality, assisted by mechani- 
cal or manual motion and fiiction in 
manner following; that is to say: he 
breaks any lumps that may be in the 
sugar, so as to admit of its passing 


New Patents und Mechanical Inventions. 


through a sieve of sufficient texture or 
size without breaking the grains or 
crystals; he then spreads the sugar so 
reduced in thin layers on linen, or some 
other substance of absorbing quality, 
and having folded it, places it in bags 
or other packages, and applies manual 
or other mechanical power to put it in 


motion, so as to afford the friction ue- - 


cessary to separate the molasses or syrup 
from the sugar. By these means the 
molasses or syrup is absorbed by the 
linen or other absorbing substance, and 
the purer crystals remain on the sur- 
face, aud are separated by brushing, 
shaking, or scraping them eff. The 
molasses or syrup is afterwards ex- 
tracted from the linen or other absorb- 
ing substance, by means of water or 
steam, or he employs any means by 
which an absorbing substance comes in 
contact with the sugar, so as to allow 
of its absorbing the molasses or syrup, 
whilst it leaves the crystals on its sur- 

face.—Inrolled, April 15, 1820. 

To GEORGE FREDERICK HAGNER, of 
the Adelphi, for certain Improve- 
ments inthe Art of making White 
Lead, and Verdigris. 

These improvements consist in the 
use of a machine or machines for gra- 
nulating lead ; and which said machine 
may be a revolving cylinder, or other 
proper vessel, turning upon axles, and 
having an opening at one end of it, in- 
to which melted lead may be poured : 
and, after being granulated, by. the 
rotatory action of the machine, may be 
readily discharged, by causing the ves- 
sel to ke inverted, or the opening at 
the end of it to be turned downwards ; 
this may be effected in various ways, 
not necessary to be particularly ee 
scribed ; and the lead, so granulated, 
may be afterwards used with advantage 
in the manufacture of white lead. 

In the art of making verdigris, the 
improvement consists in the use of a 


_machine, or machines, which may bea 


revolving vessel or vessels, turning up- 
on axles; or other proper vessels ca- 
pable of receiving au alternating motion, 
or of being agitated ; as also of fixed 
vessels, in which agitators may be put 
into motion. Into any, or either, of 
these vessels, he puts copper in a state 
of division, the more minute the bet- 
ter: and he adds to the eopper, pyrolig- 
neous acid, vinegar, or other. acetic or 
acetous acids ; and either mixed with 
water, or not, so as that the copper shall 
only be partially covered by the ome 
an 


[March 1, 


1822. | 


and he causes the same to be put into 
continual agitation, by any proper first 
mover, so as to present fresh surfaces 
of the metal to the acid, and to abrade 


Literary and Philosophical Intelligence. 


1351 


.or rub off those parts of it which may 


be sufiiciently oxided.—Inrolled, Jan. 
27, 1818. 


VARIETIES, LITERARY -AND PHILOSOPHICAL, 
Including Notices of Works in Hand, Domestic and Foreign. 
i 


I pee in April will be presented 

to the public, the long-expected 
Chronicles of Er-i, commencing from 
the earliest point of marked time, and 
carried back traditionally by Eouvs, 
Prince of the Gael of Sciot, of Ib-er, 
who ruled in Gael-ag fourteen hundred 
years before Christ, through periods of 
several thousand years. They still 
exist in ancient parchment rolls, in the 
Pheenician or Gaelic language, having 
been for many centuries in possession 
of the O’Connor family; and several 
of them have been deposited at the office 
of this Magazine, for the inspection of 
the learned and curious. The present 
translation has been the labour of thirty 
years, by the head of the O’CONNOR 
family, who has prefixed a copious dis- 
sertation on the entire subject. These 
Chronicles correct the prevalent errors 
respecting the language and religion of 
this people ; clearly shewing the former 
to be Pheenician, the latter not to be 
Druidie. They demonstrate the origin 
of the tribe, and point out the precise 
time of their emigration from Ib-Er, by 
the way of Aoi-mag and the Mediter- 
ranean, to Gael-ag, the present Galicia 
in Spain. They synchronize exactly 
with the traditions of the Hebrews, 
concerning the overthrow of the Scy- 
thian dominion in Asia, and the esta- 
blishment of Eis-oir (the Assyrian,) on 
the ruin thereof; and the building of 
Babylon and Nineveh. They represent 
Noe, Japheth, and Og, in their true 
characters, and explain satisfactorily 
the passage of Genesis, saying— And 
the beginning of his kingdom was Ba- 
bel, &c. in the land of Shinar: out of 
that land went forth Ashur, and builded 
Nineveh.”? These Chronicles strip 
events of the figurative dress in which 
the Hebrews have decked them, whilst 
the identity is not to be mistaken. 
They give the true original names of 
the rivers Indus, Tygris, Euphrates ; 
the Euxine and Hyrcanian seas; the 
mountain of Caucasus; the countries 
of Armenia, Colchis. Iberia, Albania, 
Phoenicia, and Spain ; and all the rivers, 
mountains, promontories, and principal 
places, in Galicia and Biscay, in Spain. 


They describe the commerce of the 
Pheenicians with the southern parts of 
Britain, and mark the period when the 
isles of Scilly were separated from the 
main land. They explain the signifi- 
cation of the term Cassiterides, and the 
reason of the name applied by the Phe- 
nicians, for the purpose of deception, 
to preserve the monopoly of the mines, 
from which they drew a great revenue. 
They prove that the stone called Jacob’s 
Pillow, guarded with religious care in 
Henry VIIth’s chapel, in Westminster 
Abbey, is not Liafail, the celebrated 
stone of destiny, on which many of the 
kings of Er-i were crowned; which 
Feargus, the son of Ere, was permitted 
to take with him to Ailb-bin, to give 
him assurance, according to the idea of 
the times, of the establishment of his 
race in Ailb-bin. They shew that 
Dane is the most ancient name of the 
people of Danemearc ; and they fix the 
zera of the arrival of the Gael, of Feotar, 
in the northern part of Britain, and of 
the Scythian Brigantes, in Lancashire, 
Yorkshire, Westmorland, Cumberland, 
and Durham. They confirm the accu- 
racy of the traditions of the Hebrews, 
as to the colonization of the isles of the 
Gentiles, by the posterity of Javan. 
They set at rest for ever all the whim- 
sical conjectures concerning the time 
and circumstances of the Gael’s arrival 
in Er-i, the name of the island, and 
many more important matters, too nu- 
merous to insert in this place. From 
the time of Eolus, these Chronicles 
were written by the Ard-Olam of Gali- 
cia, for the time being ; and from the 
zera of the arrival of this colony in Er-i, 
they were the work of the Ard-Olams of 
Ulla‘d, and publicly read by them in 
the presence of kings, princes, nobles, 
Olam, heads of people, and judges 
named, when assembled at the mount 
of Tob-rad, the place of meeting of the 
great congregation of Er-i. 

Akin to the preceding work, though 
originating in a different quarter, we 
must notice a revised and improved 
edition of the Poems of Ossian, by 
HuGH CAMPBELL, Esq. F.A.S. This 
gentleman has been engaged in re- 

searches 


152 


searches connected with this undertak- 
ing for several years, and has visited all 
the sites in Scotland and Ireland which 
are described in Ossian, collecting on 
the spot, many interesting traditions, 
and verifying the antiquity of these sub- 
lime and matchless epics. Mr. Camp- 
bell’s edition will, therefore, be en- 
riched by an original dissertation, and 
by illustrative notes ; besides a map of 
the ancient kingdom of Connor, and 
views of some of the places celebrated 
in the poems. The public will feel 
‘that this and the previously announced 
work of O’Connor are treasures above 
all price in regard to the pristine lite- 
rature of these islands. 

Sir WALTER ScotrT has scarcely 
‘published his Pirate before he an- 
nounces another new novel under the 
title of The Fortunes of Nigel, of which 
the founder of Heriot’s Hospital, Edin- 
burgh, is to be the hero. 

A tragedy is announced by Mr. 
MILLMAN, under the title of the Mar- 
tyr of Antioch. 

Mr. LANDSEER is engaged on a 
learned historical work connected 
with ancient Oriental History, which 
will at once interest theologians and 
antiquaries. 
~ A miscellaneous volume of Poetry is 
aunounced, by BARRY CORNWALL, 
‘containing several subjects of consi- 
derable promise. 

In this Miscellany, published Nov. 1, 
we interested the public, by an article 
from Tottenham, relative to a method 
of obtaining a supply of water by boring. 
We have since received such further 
particulars as will induce us to intro- 
duce a fuller account in our next, ac- 
companied by an engraving, calculated 
to draw general attention to a subject 
of such high social importance. Wa- 
ter has heretofore been brought from a 
distance to Tottenham and sold by the 
gallon, but this beautiful village now 
possesses an inexhaustible and per- 
petual spring, which raises eight gal- 
lons a minute twenty feet high, for 
public use, and a gentleman whose 
mansion was deteriorated by the want 
of water, has formed another which 
raises eighteen gallons a minute. In 
each case, the boring proceeded to a 
depth of one hundred and _ forty feet, 
but if necessary, it might, at a compara- 
tively light expence, have been carried 
to one thousand feet. Thus every 
parish, hamlet, and even house in Bri- 
tain may be provided with its own per- 
petual spring. But in our next num- 


Literary and Philosophical Intelligence. 


| March 1, 


ber we will introduce further details 
relative not only to the success at Tot- 
tenliam, but in Essex and other situa- 
tions round London. We regard this 
as the greatest social discovery which it 
has been our good fortune to introduce 
to public adoption since we were the 
means of introducing gas lights. 

An elegant edition of the British 
Poets, in one hundred volumes, royal 
18mo. which has so long been in pre- 
paration at the Chiswick press of Mr. 
Whittingham, is on the eve of being 
published. It includes our most cele- 
brated poets, from Chaucer and Spen- 
ser down to Burns and Cowper, to- 
gether with the standard Translations 
from the Classics. Great care has been 
taken to rectify numerous errors which 
had crept into the text of preceding 
collections. The Life of each author 
is prefixed to his works. As far as they 
extend, the Lives written by Dr. John- 
son are adopted ; the remainder of the 
Biographical memoirs, fifty in number, 
are original compositions. Only five 
hundred copies have been printed. 

The Bridal of Caélchairn, and other 
Poems, by JoAN HAY ALLAN, are in 
the press. 

A Journal of a Voyage to Greenland, 
in the year 1821, is announced by sub- 
scription, in one volume, royal octavo. 
It was undertaken by W. G. MANBY, 
Esq. author of the Means of Saving 
Persons from Shipwreck, in the ship 
Baffin, of Liverpool, commanded by 
William Scoresby, jun. Esq. and is in- 
terspersed with the natural history of 
various animals and birds. The whole 
illustrated with accurate graphic re- 
presentations of extraordinary pecu- 
liarities of that zone. 

In the course of the present month 
will be published, The Elements of 
Self-Improvement; or, a Familiar 
View of the Intellectual Powers and 
Moral Characteristics of Human Na- 
ture; principally adapted for pos 
persons entering into active life; by 
the Rev. THos. FincuH, of Harlow. 

The History of Stamford, in Lincoln- 
shire, comprising its ancient and mo- 
dern state, with an account of St. Mar- 
tin’s, Stamford Baron, and Great and 
Little Wothorpe,. in Northamptonshire, 
will shortly be published by Mr. DRA- 
KARD. of Stamford. The work, al- 
though in a great measure compiled 
from former historians, contains man 
new and interesting documents, an 
will be embellished with a number of 
superior engravings. 

The 


1822.] 


The Orlando Innamorato of Berni, 
translated by WILLIAM STEWART 
Ross, Esq. is preparing for publication, 
and will be followed by the Orlando 
Furioso of Ariosto. 

A System of Analytic Geometry, by 
the Rev. Dionysius LARDNER, A.M. 
of the University of Dublin, and Mem- 
ber of the Royal Irish Academy, is in 
the press. This work will contain 
Part the Ist, a complete System of 
Conic Sections, proved by the applica- 
tion of the principles of Algebra, ac- 
cording to the method of Des Cartes. 
Also the theory of curves of the higher 
order, with the application of the diffe- 
rential and integral calculus to them. 
The second part will contain the prin- 
ciples by which the properties of curved 
surfaces may be investigated by the 
same method, and the investigation of 
the figures and properties of curved 
surfaces of the second order, 


Literary and Philosophical Intelligence. 


158 
Mr. CHAMBERS, author of the Bio- 
graphical Illustrations of the County 
of Worcester, &c. &c. &c. has nearly 
ready for the press, Collections for a 
Biography of English Architects, from 
the Fifth to the Seventeenth Century. 

Mr. JAMES BIRD, author of the Vale 
of Slaughiden; Machin; or, the Dis- 
covery of Madeira, &c. has in the press, 
Cosmo, Duke of Tuscany; a Tragedy 
in Five Acts. 

In this Magazine, published January 
1, we introduced some specimens of 
the elegant architecture of the GRAND 
JUNCTION street from Portland Place 
to Pall Mall, and we now present our 
country and foreign readers with a 
sketch of the Superb Circus near Picca- 
dilly, which connects the two straight 
lines. Nothing can be more imposing 


than the original, and henceforward it 
will be regarded-as an ornament of the 
metropolis. 


Mr. WM. TILLEARD WARD is pre- 
paring for the press, Practical Observa- 
tions on Paralytic Affections, St. Vitus’ 
Dance, Deformities of the Chest and 
Limbs, illustrative of the beneficial 
effects of muscular action. 

The author of the Beauties, Har- 
monies, and Sublimities of Nature is 


writing a work under the title of The 


Towards the end of this present 
month of March, Dr. ROCHE will pub- 
lish the First Number of a New Series 
of Ancient Trish Melodies, with appro- 
priate words, and with symphonies and 
accompaniments for the piano-forte ; 
and from the known taste of the editor 
avery pleasing and popular series may 
be expected. 


Tablets of Memnon; or, Fragments—— The 'Tiavels of Theodore Ducas in 
Illustrative of the Human Character, - various Countries of Europe, at the re- 
It will contain some very curious aves-—vival- of letters and art; edited by 


dotes, and be illustrated by the author’s 
correspondence with St. Pierre, author 
of the Studies of Nature, Madame de 
Staél, Dr. Percy, late Bishop of Dro- 
more, and several other eminent, lite- 
rary, and political characters. 

Three volumes of Old Stories, by 
Miss SPENCE, are in the press, 
» Montuiy MAG. No, 365. 


CHARLES MILLS, author of the History 


of the Crusades. Part the First, Italy, 


will soon appear. 

Madeline, a tale, by Mrs. OPIE, is 
in the press. 

Conversations on Mineralogy; with 
plates, engraved by Mr. Lowry, will 
soon appear, 

A third 


154 


A third volume of the Remains of: 


Henry Kirke White, of Nottingham, 
edited by ROBERT SOUTHEY, Esq. is 
in the press. 

Evenings in Autumn; a series of 
Essays, Narrative and Miscellaneous, 
are announced, by NATHAN DRAKE, 
M.D. the elegant author of Literary 
Hours, of Essays on Periodical Litera- 
tnre, of Shakespeare and his Times, 
and of Winter Nights. 

The Perilous Castles; or, War, Wo- 
men, and Witchereft; a border ro- 
mance, by JaMeS Hoe, the Ettrick 
Shepherd, is printing, in 3 vols. 

A general Survey of the present Situ- 
ation of the principal Powers of Eu- 
rope; with conjectures on their future 
prospects, by a Citizen of the United 
States, is printing in London. 

Considerations onthe Subject of Cal- 
vinism, and a short freatise ou regene- 
ration; designed for the use of such as 
fee] interested in the enquiry, whether 
Calvinism be or be not the doctrine of 
the Bible, and of the Church of Eng- 
land, are preparing, by WILLIAM 
Bruce Knient, A.M. 

A Narrative of Two Years Residence 
in the Settlement called the English 
Prairie, in the Illinois Country, United 
States; with an eccount of its animal 
and vegetable productions, agriculture, 
&e. &c. and a description of the prin- 
cipal towns, villages, &c. &c. and of the 
habits and customs of the Back-Woods- 
men, will soon be published, by JoHN 
Woops. 

The editor of the Philosophical Ma- 
gazine and Journal. (Alex. Tilloch, 
LL D.) is preparing for publication a 
work which is likely to engage the at- 
tention of Biblical students, namely, 
Dissertations Introductory to the Study 
and Right Understanding of the Lan- 
guage, Structure, and Contents of the 
Apocalypse. The dissertations are 
seven in number, viz. First and second 
on the opinions delivered by ecclesias- 
tical writers respecting the date of the 
Apocalypse, preseuting convincing evi- 
dence that this book was the first writ- 
ten of those which compose the New 
Testament: third, on the language and 
structure of the Apocalypse: fourth, 
on various names by which the Creator 
of the universe is designated in the 
Scriptures, and the ‘proper mede of 
translating them: fifth, of the Hebrew 
name JSHOVAH and the Greek ex- 
pression Ayrios the Theos: sixth, on 
certain combinations of these terms 
with other names of personal deserip- 


Literary and Philosophical Intelligence. 


| March J, 


tion which are found in the New Tes- 
tament: seventh, on certain combina- 
tions of nonns of personal description 
whith are found in the Apocalypse. 

Lord Ditioy, author of Commen- 
taries on the Military Establisiiments 
and Defence of the British Empire, 
Policy of Nations, a Translation of the 
Tactics of Allian, Legitimacy, &e. has, 
during a late residence at Florence, 
composed a work under the titte of 
The Life and Opinions of Sir Richard 
Maltravers, an English Gentleman of 
the Seventeenth Century, which is now 
in the press. 

It is proposed to publish the Archi- 
tectural Antiquities of Sefton Church, 
near Liverpool; consisting of views, 
plans, and parts of the interior orna- 
ments, detailed at large from actual 
measurement, and etched in outline, by 
Mr. R. BRIDGENS. It will appear the 
first week in March. 

A third edition is very seasonably 
printing of the Political Essay on the 
Kingdom of New Spain, by Alexander 
de Humboldt; with physical sections 
and maps, translated by JOHN BLACK, 
Esq. 

A translation of M. Corrv’s work 
on the Criminal Jurisprudence of the 
English, and on their Manners and 
Society, will be published early next 
month. 

Observations on the Influence of Man- 
nersupon the Health of the Human 
Race; more particularly as it regards 
females in the higher and middle clas- 
ses of society, will speedily appear 
from the pen of R. Panin, M.D. of 
Newport, Salop. 

Speedily will be published, the Life 
of John Goodwin, A.M., some time 
Fellow of Queen’s College, Cambridge, 
and Vicar of St. Stephen's, Coleman- 
street, London, in the reign of Charles 
the First, and under the usurpation : 
comprising an account of his opinions 
and writings, and of the controversies in 
which he was engaged in defence of reli- 
gious liberty,and of generalredemption : 
with a review of several public transac- 
tions in Great Britain, during the civil 
wars and the inter-regnum, by THOMAS 
JACKSON. 

The Works of DocroR JAMES AR- 
MINIUS, formerly Professor of Divinity. 
in the University of Leyden, translated 
from the Latin, are in the press. To 
which are prefixed the Life of the 
Author, extracts from his letters, and 
the state of religious opinions at the in- 
teresting period in which he i 

The 


1822.] 


The author of the Amatory Works 
of Tom Shuffleton, is about to publish 
a poem, in the manner of Beppo, en- 
titled Faliero; or, the Life and Adven- 
tures of a Neapolitan Libertine; dedi- 
cated to the Right Hon. Lord Byron. 

A Critical and Analytical Disserta- 
tion on the Names of Persons, by JOHN 
HENRY BRADY, esq. will soon be pub- 
lished. 

Mr. OvEeRTON has in the press an 
Inquiry into the Truth and Use of the 
Book of Enoch, as it respects his pro- 
phecies, visions, and account of fallen 
angels, such book being at length found 
in the Ethiopic canon, and translated 
into English, by DR. LAURENCE. 

The Rev. SAMUEL BURDER, M.A. 
has far advanced in the press, a new 
work, entitled, Oriental Literature, ap- 
plied to the illustration of the Sacred 
Scriptures, designed asa sequel to orien- 
tal Customs: in two large volumes, 8vo. 
closelyand handsomely printed. It will, 
besides a great body of interesting matter 
selected from the most important mo- 
dern publications, contain much valu- 
able criticism from a work of Dr. Rosen- 
miiller, of Leipsic, lately published in 
German, and now first translated into 
English. At the same time will be 
published a new edition, being the sixth 
of the Oriental Customs, in 2 vols, Svo. 
greatly augmented from the same 
sources. Both these works will appear 
the first week in May. 

Messrs. NoEL and LA PLACE, pro- 
- fessors in the University of Paris, hav- 
ing made a collection of Reading Ex- 
ercises for the use.of French Youth, 
which has been eagerly adopted in the 
schools of France ; a duodecimo edition 
of the same is printing in London, for 
the use of English schools. It is ac- 
knowledged on all hands to be the best 
selection from the classic authors of 
France that ever appeared. 

A Compendium of the Laws of Na- 
ture and of Nations, by Mr. J. P. 
THOMAS, is in the press. By an error 
in the arrangement of the paragraphs 
in our last number,- this desirable 
work was assigned to Mr. Ryan instead 
of Mr. Thomas. 

Chinzica,a Poem, in Ten Cantos, is 
in the press; it is founded on that part 
of the history of the Pisan Republic, 
in which is said to have originated the 
celebrated Triennial Festival, called 
the Battle of the Bridge. 

Anexhibition of Splendid Drawings, 
by the eminent English Artists, has 
been opened at No, 9, Soho Square, 


Literary and Philosophical Intelligence. 


155 


There are also a few genuine specimens 
of the old mastezs, Michael Angelo, 
Raphael, Correggio, Claude, Rubens, 
Vandyke, Rembrandt, &c. ; and abril- 
liant collection of enamels by Muss. _ 

Elements of Jurisprudence, and a 
Systematical View of the Laws of Eng- 
land, as treated ofin a course of Lectures 
read at Oxford, by RICHARD Woop- 
DESON, esq. D.C.L. Vinerian Professor, 
&e. &e. the second edition, in 3 vols, 
Svo. with numerous corrections and 
additions by the author; and addition- 
al notes by W. M. ByrHm Wood, esq. 
of Lincoln’s Inn, are preparing for pub- 
lication. 

A reprint of that valuable and scarce 
little Manual, FRANCIS QUARLES'S 
Enchiridion, or Institutions Divine and 
Moral. is printing in royal l6mo. with 
a portrait of the author. 

Mr. L. J. A. MAc Henry, author of 
the improved Spanish Grammar, &c. 
has in the press a third edition of the 
Exercises on the Etymology, Syntax, 
Idioms and Synonyms of the Spanish 
Language. 

The Songs of Anacreon, of Teos, are 
in the press; translated into English 
measure, by hornd THURLOW. 

Early in March will be published, 
Marian De Britton, a. Novel in 3 vols, 
by Capt. Dk RENZY. 

in the year 1763, the population of 
Newfoundland consisted of 13,112 in- 
dividuals: 348,294 quintals of dried 
cod-fish were carried to market, 694 
tierce of salmon, 1595 tons of train oil, 
and the fur taken by the inhabitants 
was valued at 20001. In 1796, the pro- 
perty employed, and. the produce, were 
as follows :—400 sail of shipping, 38,000 
tons at 71.—500,000 quintals of dry fish 
at 18s.—3700 frails of salmon at 40s.— 
1000 barrels of herrings at 10s.—3300 
tons of oil at 25].—4900 seal-skims at 
41.—2000 shallops, boats, &c. &c. at 
301.3; and sundry merchandise in store, 
valued at about 300,000]. ; making an 
aggregate of nearly 1,200,000]. sterling. 
In 1807, a printing-office was establish- 
ed in St. John’s, and a weekly paper 
was published, for the first time, in that 
year. In the following, regular post- 
offices in St. John’s and the other prin- 
cipal distriets were likewise formed, 
The commercial prosperity of the is- 
land was carried to its zenith during 
the last war; in a single year, it had 
exported one million two hundred 
thousand quintals of fish.—Anspach’s 
Listory. 

The following is a statement of the 

number 


156 


humber of persons committed to his 
Majesty’s gaol of Newgate, in the year 
1821, and how they have been disposed 
of. 


Males Fem. Tofal. 
In custody, Jan. 1, 1821 239 112 351 
Committed to 31st Dec. 
under 20 years 655 anf 2124 
Above that age 1043 327 
2475 
Of whom there have been execu- 
cuted ‘ : : 33— 
Died 2 ; 5 5 
Removed to the Hulks, at Gos- 
port, preparatory to trans. 100 
0. 10 Portsmouth 121 
Do. to Sheerness 308 
Do. to Chatham " 25 
Do. to Woolwich 7 124 
Do. to the General Penitentiary 
at Milbank ‘ 53 
Do. to the Refuge for the Desti- 
tute 31 


Do. to Rethlem Hospital : 1 
Do. by Habeas Corpus for trial at 


the Assizes 4 : 12 
Do. to the House of Correction 
for the City of London, pursu- 
ant to their sentence 64 
Do. to do. for Middlesex 328 
Do. on board two Female Convict 
Ships bound to New South 
Wales : 9 100 
Do. to the House of Correction, 
having had their sentence of 
transportation mitigated, on 
condition of being imprisoned 
therein for certain periods 10 
Discharged, having had his Ma- 
jesty’s free pardon * 20 
Do. being acquitted at the Old 
Bailey Sessions 2 398 
Do. by proclamation, bills of in- 
dictment not having been found 226 
Do. not prosecuted 45 


Do. having undergone their sen- 
tence of imprisonment 42 


Do. being privately whipped 56 

Do. being fined 1s. : 87 

Do. upon bail and other causes 34 
—2223 

Remained in custody on Ist Jan. 
1822, 

Males 185 
Females . 67 252 
2475 


One in six of both Males and Females 
have been in the Gaol before, and more 
than #wo-thirds of the whole number could 
read, and three-fifths of them could write 
also. 

M. LAISNE has in the press a work 
on this question, “ Are the English 
Youth sent to France as Colonists or 
as Hostages ?’’ It will contain the ex- 


Literary and Philosophical Intelligence. 


{March 1 


tent of the duties of a nationai gram- 
marian ; the English and French gram- 
matical education respectively com- 
pared; the education of English youth 
respecting the French language in Eng- 
land compared to what it is in France. 

The Journal des Debats gives the fol- 
lowing, as the version of the inscription 
on the Egyptian Obelisk lately brought 
from the Island of Philz to this eoun- 
try, by Mr. Banks. The translator, M. 
Letronne, says that it contains a_peti- 
tion from the priests of Isis, in the Is- 
land of Phil, to Plolomzeus Euergetus 
the Second : 

“To the King Ptolomzus ; to the Queen 
Cleopatra, his sister; to the Queen Cleo. 
patra, his wife; the gods of Euergetus, 
greeting: We, the Priests of Isis, who 
is adored in the Abatum and at Phil, the 
most mighty goddess. Considering that the 
Strategists, the Epistatists, the Thebar- 
chons, the Royal Registrars, the Com- 
manders of the trcops guarding the fron- 
tiers, and all others of the King’s Officers, 
who come to Phile,; in short, that the 
troops which accompany them, and the 
whole of their suite, compel us to furnish 
them with abundant supplies belonging to 
the Temple; the consequence of which is, 
that the Temple is impoverished, and we 
run the risk of not having means to defray 
the regular and fixed expences, caused by 
the ceremonies and libations, the object of 
which is the preservation of yourselves 
and your children. We supplicate you, 
most powerful gods, to authorize your 
kinsman and epistolographist Numenius, 
to write to Lorchus, also your kinsman, 
and the Strategist of the Thebaid, enjoin- 
ing him not to practise such vexations with 
regard to us, nor ‘to permit any persons 
whomsoeyer to do so; to grant us, more- 
over, letters testifying your decision on 
this subject, and granting us permission 
to erect a Siele, on which we will inscribe 
the beneficence you have displayed to us on 
this occasion, in order that this Stele may 
transmit to the remotest posterity the eter- 
nal memory of the favours you have grant- 
ed us. This being permitted us, we shall 
be, we and the Temple of Isis, in this, as 
in all other things, your grateful servants. 
May you be ever happy.” 

It has been ascertained that wood in- 
creases in the following proportion ; the 
first year as 1, the second as 4, the 
third as 9, the fourth as 15, the fifth as 
22, the sixth as 30, the seventh as 40, 
the eighth as 54, the ninth as 70, and 
the tenth as 92. From this it is con- 
cluded, that wood ought never to be 
cut, till it is in the tenth year ot its 
growth. 

Mr. BULLOCK has succeeded in bring- 
ing specimens of the rein deer to this 

~ country, 


1322.] 


country, and hopes are said to have 
been entertained that they might lead to 
the colonization of our mountain forests 
by this animal. While on a tour in 
Norway, he procured a herd of twenty, 
which were destroyed by eating a poi- 
sonous plant that grew onasmsll island 
on which they were kept. He then 
bought a second herd of twelve, and 
succeeded in bringing them alive, and 
_well, into the Thames. Here, how- 
ever, in consequence of the custom- 
house officer not feeling authorised to 
allow the deer to be landed, eight died 
on board the vessel before permission 
could be obtained from the authorities 
in London. The remnant saved con- 
sists of a male and female, a fawn, 
(since dead,) and a male which has been 
cut: the latter is about ten hands high, 
and proportionally stout; the others 
are a hand or two lower. Their fur is 
very thick and fine, and delicately 
warm and soft. The horns branch 
beautifully, and are covered with a 
short fur. The antlers of the largest 
animal are three feet in length. Their 
hoofs are very broad, and flexible be- 
tween the divisions, enabling them to 
clamber up precipices, and hang on 
rocks inaccessible to other animals. 
They are very swift. They seem re- 
conciled to hay, as food ; and like bran- 
dy, which is administered to them as 
medicine.. With the deer, Mr. Bullock 
has brought a native Laplander, his 
wife.and child. These beings are about 
four feet, eight inches in height; the 
man being of the common size, the wo- 
man rather tall. The child is about 
five years old. They are daily exhi- 
bited to multitudes in Piccadilly. 

Mrs. AGNES IBBETSON, in a letter to 
Dr. Tilloch, states that some late dissec- 
tions of wood have enabled her to no- 
tice the cnrious manner in which fluwer- 
buds pass layer, by layer, through the 
wood even to the root, and that each 
mark is peculiar to the sort of wood to 
which it belongs. Thus, in the oak, 
the bud being sessile, or without stalk, 
and in large numbers fogether, they 
generally appear grouped in acircle. In 
the beech, where the buds follow each 
other, in a sort of larus racemi, it pre- 
sents a very different picture. Here 
the buds being small, they will run up 
between the layers of the wood, and are 
not so conspicuous as in the oak. In 
the yew, they are an assemblage which 
shows buds of all ages, many just peep- 
ing through the wood, others more ad- 
vauced towards the bark; but all ge- 


Literary and Philosophical Intelligence. 


157 


nerally surrounding an old one. The 
olive shows like one large peaked bud, 
appearing at some distance from each 
other; but J suspect that it is a collec- 
tion, since it carries that divided ap- 
pearance when it is followed into the 
interior. Itis\certain that the wood-lines 
diverge in such a manneras to prove that 
innumerable buds are hourly passing, 
for the yearly lines never move out of 
the circle, but to effect this purpose. 

A small bog, not far from Mountmel- 
lick, in rather a north-east direction 
from Kilmaleady bog, has lately been 
greatly agitated for several days. It 
rises upwards, to a great height, and 
falls again on the same spot from 
whence it rose. It is, as yet, confined 
to the place from whence it issues, but 
the inhabitants are in the greatest 
alarm, expecting every moment a sud- 
den overflow. Nearly 100 acres of land in 
Joyce County, belonging to the Provost 
of Trinity College, principally pasture 
and mountain, and rather populously 
inhabited, has lately been observed in 
motion, and carrying with it large 
quantities of earth and rocks, destroy- 
ing the whole produce of the land, and 
forcing the entire mass into the sea. 
Before its motion, a loud noise is heard 
for a short time, with a motion in the 
earth. A day or two after, a tract of 
land in the same neighbourhood suffer- 
ed in a like manner, but in a more 
violent degree, the inhabifants not be- 
ing able to save a single article, 

FRANCE. 

A large aérolite fell in June last, at a 
village in the department de /’ Ardéche, 
of which some ve1y curious details 
have been given. 1t fell about four 
o’clock, p.m. The atmosphere being 
perfectly clear, a loud rumbling noise 
was heard for a few minutes, in the 
course of which, four distinct detona- 
tions took place. The report was 
heard at Nismes, and still further off. 
Several individuals at Nismes, St. 
Thome, &c. observed a brilliant fire in 
the air ; and they all agree in saying it 
appeared like a burning star, and 
slowly descended in the N.W.; and on 
its disappearing, it left behind a long 
train of smoke. Several foolish reports 
were propagated concerning the noise 
and fire. However, in the course of a 
few days, two peasants, of the village 
of Juvinas, some distance to the N.W. 
of Viviers, (who were working within 
a few yards from the spot where the 
aérolite descended,) said they heard a 
most dreadful noise, and turning round, 

observed 


158 


observed an enormous ball of fire fall 
about five yards distaut from them, 
tearing up the ground, and emitting a 
great smoke. Being rather discon- 
certed at the circumstance, they re- 
treated ; and would not, in the first 
instance, mention the circumstance. 
Shortly afterwards, however, several 
persons became acquainted with the 
fact, and on examining the place where 
the fire descended, they found, at the 
depth of five feet, a great stone, 
weighing very little short of 200 ewt. 
The countrymen having by this time 
recovered from their fright, supposing 
from its bulk and size, that it contained 
gold, could not be prevented, either by 
arguments or promises, from breaking 
it into pieces. A few of the fragments 
have been preserved by several gentle- 
men at the place. From the appear- 
ance of the stone it was composed of 
two substances. The outside is covered 
with a thin coafing, somewhat like the 
glaze the common brown earthenware 
is coated with. It is rather hard, but 
does not strike fire with steel; ner is 
it acted upon by nitric acid. In ano- 
ther account, given by M. L. A. D, 
Firman, it is stated, that a stone of 
much smaller dimensions fell within a 
short distance of the spot where the 


Report of Chemistry and Experimental Philosophy. 


[March 1, 


former one descended. A gentleman, 
who was looking toward the place where 
the fire first appeared,showed it to some 
of his workmen: and comparing the 
time it took in its descent with the 
motion of his pulse, found it occupied 
about five seconds.- He also observed 
a misty train left in the air, after the 
fall of the metevorolite. It separated 
before the stone reached the ground, 
and was not emitted afterwards. 
GERMANY. 

A table of the periodical variation of 
Algol has been printed in Bode’s Ephe- 
meris for 1822, and contains the period 
of the star’s least magnitude, according 
to Paris time. © The following are the 
times in March and April. 


1822. H. M. 

March 14 -— &26. M. 
17 — 215 
19 — 11 4 Ey. 
22 — 8 53 

April 6,5 0g a nae 
9 — 0 47 
11 — 9 36 Ev. 
29 — 230 M. 

It is announced in the Journal de 


Medicine Pratique of Berlin, that the 
belladonna is a preservative against 
scarlet fever. The fact was first dis- 
covered at Leipsic, but it has lately 
been confirmed by several experiments. 


REPORT OF CHEMISTRY AND EXPERIMENTAL PHILOSOPHY. 
a 


rR. FARADAY in some experiments 

on electro-magnetical motions, 
states that it appears very probab’e that 
in the regular bar magnet, the steel, or iron, 
is in the same state as the copper wire of 
the helix magnet; and, perhaps, by the 
same means, namely, currents of electri- 
city; but still, says he, other proofs are 
wanting of the presence of a power like 
electricity than the magnetic effects only. 
With regard to the opposite sides of the 
connecting wire, and the powers emanat- 
ing from them, I haye merely spoken of 
them as two, to distinguish the one set of 
. effects from the other. The high authority 
of Dr. Wollaston is attached to the opinion 
that a single electro-magnetic current pas- 
sing round the axis of the wire ina direc- 
tion determined by the position of the vol- 
taic poles, is sufficient to explain all the 
phenomena. M. Ampere, drew from his 
theory, the conclusion that a circular wire 
forming part of the connexion between the 
poles of the battery, should be directed by 
the earth’s magnetism, and stand in a plane 
perpendicular to the magnetic meridian 
andthe dipping needle. This result was 
said to be actually obtained, but its accu- 
racy has been questioned, both on theoreti- 


cal and experimental grounds. As the 
magnet directs the wire when in form of a 
curve, and the curve a needle, I endeavour- 
ed, says Mr. Faraday, to repeat the experi- 
ment, and succeeded in the following man- 
ner :—A voltaic combination of, two plates 
was formed, which were connected by a 
copper wire, bent into a circular form; the 
plates were put into a small glass jar with 
dilute acid, and the jar floated on the sur- 
face of water; being then left to itselfin a 
quiet atmosphere, the instrument so ar- 
ranged itself, that the curve was in a plane 
perpendicular to the magnetic meridian ; 
when moved from this position, either one 
way or the other, it returned again ; and 
on examining the side of the curve towards 
the north, it was found to be that, which, 
according to the law already stated, would 
be attracted by a south pole. A voltaic 
circle made in a silver capsule, and mount- 
ed with a curve, also produced the same 
effect; as did likewise, very readily, M. 
de la Rive’s small ring apparatus. When 
placed on acidulated water, the gas libe- 
rated from the plates prevented its taking 
up a steady position ; but when put into a 
little floating cell, made out of the neck 
of a Florence flask, the whole readily took 

the 


1§22.] 


the position mentioned above, and even 
vibrated slowly about it. As the straight 
connecting wire is directed by a maguet, 
there is every reason to believe that it will 
actin the same way with the earth, and 
take a direction perpendicular to the mag- 
netic meridian. It also should act with 
the magnetic pole of the earth, as with the 
pole of a magnet, and endeavour to circu- 
late round it. Theoretically, therefore, a 
horizontal wire perpendicular to the mag- 
netic meridian, if connected first in one 
way with a voltaic battery, and then in 
the opposite way, should have its weight 
altered ; for in the one case it would tend 
_ to pass in a circle downwards, and in the 
other upwards. This alteration should 
take place differently in different parts of 
the world. The effect is actually produced 
by the pole of a magnet, but I have not 
succeeded, says Mr. F. in obtaining it, em- 
ploying only the polarity of the earth. 

Mr. WiLLiam Woop, of Bow, Middle- 
sex, has discovered that a light felt of 
hide or hair, or mixture of hide, hair, and 
wool, when saturated with tar, is highly 
elastic and water-proof, aud conceiving 
the useful application of the substance asa 
lining for the sheathing of ships, he manu- 
factures it in an expeditious and economi- 
cal manner, in sheets of suitable size for 
that purpose ; such sheets being attached 
to the external sides and bottom of the 
ship, by simply nailing with copper nails, 
are covered with planking. The substance 
he terms adhesive felt; it possesses the 
property of elasticity in so considerable a 
degree, as to stretch uniform!y without 
fracture or injury either to its texture or 
its complete impermeability to water, when- 
ever the ship’s seams are opened by strain- 
ing in hard weather, or in more dangerous 


eases of the starting of planks, or the 


breaking of timbers as in stranding. In 
all such cases this material forms an impe- 
netrable andelastic case or garment for the 
whole ship’s bottom, and in the case of the 
opening of seams by straining, it recovers 
its first dimensions with the return of the 
part so opened in the release of the strain ; 
in such ca-es it generally falls into the 
openings in a certain degree soas to render 
them afterwards more secure against a re- 
currence. He also finds it to be a com- 
plete protection against every destruction 
of worm in all climates; this destructive 
animal is never known to penetrate the 
material in the slightest degree. The hair, 
or hair and wool, is prepared for felting by 
the operation of dressing or bowing, as in 
the practice of hat-making, and is felted in 
the usual manner. Sheets or portions, 
thus felted, are dipped into the melted tar 
and pitch, certain stated proportions to 
each other, and then undergo a slight com- 
pressiouto take away the extraneous or 
dripping quantity of the material; they 
are then exposed for a short time to air to 


Report of Chemistry and Experimental Philosophy. 


159 


dry and coo], and are considered fit for 
use, 
In ANspAcua’s History of Newfoundland, 
recently published, is the following pic- 
turesque description of the Aurcra Bore- 
alis :—In Europe, says he, the dry freez- 
ing winds proceed from north to east: in 
North America they are from north to 
west. When these prevail, the sky is clear 
and of a dark blue, and the nights trans- 
cendently beautiful. The moon displays 
far greater radiance than in Europe; and, 
in her absence, her function is not ill sup- 
plied by the uncommon and fiery bright- 
ness of the stars. The Aurora Borealis 
frequenily tinges the sky with coloured 
raysofsuch brilliancy, that theirsplendour, 
not effaced even by that of the full moon, 
is of the utmost magnificence, if the moon 
does. not shine. Sometimes it begins in 
the form of a scarf, of bright light, with 
its extremities resting on ‘the horizon, 
which, with a motion resembling that of a 
fishing net, and a noise similar to the 
rustling of silk, glides softly up the sky, 
when the lights frequently unite in the 
zenith and form the top of a crown; at 
other times the motion is like that of a pair 
of colours waving in the air, and the dif- 
ferent tints of light present the appearance 
of so many vast streamers of changeable 
silk; or spreading into vast columns and 
altering slowly ; or by rapid motions into 
an immense variety of shapes, varying its 
colours from all the tints of yellow to the 
most obscure russet; and after having 
briskly skimmed along the heayens, or 
majestically spread itself from the horizon 
to the zenith, on a sudden it disappears, 
leaving behiid an uniform dusky tract: 
this is again illuminated, and in the same 
manner suddenly extinguished. Some-~ 
times it begins with some insulated rays 
from the north and the north-east, whick 
increase by degrees until they fill the whole 
sky, forming the most splendid sight that 
can be conceived, crackling, sparkling, 
hissing, and making a noise similar tq that 
of artificial fire-works. These phenomena, 
which are generally considered as the ef- 
fects of electricity, are looked upon as the 
forerunners of storms; and when these 
arise from the north-east they spread the 
most horrid gloom over the island. Im- 
mense islands and fields of ice, brought 
down from the northern regions, fill up 
and freeze every bay and harbour, and 
block up the coast to the distance of seve- 
ral leagues into the ocean. The wind 
blowing over this immense surface, is full 
of frozen fogs or frost smoke, arising from 
the ice, in the shape of an infinite number 
of icy spicula, visible to the naked eye, 
penetrating into every pore and into the 
smallest apertures of the wooden houses, 
aud rendering the exposure to the open air 

yery disagreeable and even painful. 
BRITISIL 


[ 160 } 


| March 1, 


BRITISH LEGISLATION. 


AOTS PASSED in the FIRST YEAR of the REIGN of GEORGE THE FOURTH, or in 
the SECOND SESSION of the SEVENTH PARLIAMENT of the UNITED KINGDOM. 


AP. CI. To extend to Ireland an 
Act of the last Session of Pariia- 
ment, for granting an additional Bounty 
on the Exportation of certain Silk Ma- 
rufactures, and to continue the same 
until the Fifth Day of July One thou- 
sand eight hundred and twenty-two. 

CAP. CH. For altering the Drawback 
on Acetous Acid exported; and for 
exempting Tiles made for draining 
Lands from Duty. 

I. The Drawback of 4d. per Gallon shall 
be paid for such Vinegar or Acetous Acid 
as shall be exported of the Strength of 
Proof, and so in proportion for a greater 
Degree of Strength. 

1I. Flat Tiles for the Foundation of semi- 
eliptical Tiles, used for draining lands, 
exempted from Duty. 

CAP. CIII. Yo authorise Collectors 
of the Customs in Ireland to bring to 
Account the Proceeds of Goods sold 
under the Provisions of the Warehous- 
ing Acts. 

CAP. CIV. To amend an Act of the 
last Session of Parliament, for regulat- 
ing the Trade of the Isle of Man, so far 
as relates to the Quantity of Muscovado 
Sugar to be imported into the said Is- 
fand. 

CAP. CV. An Act for amending the 
Laws of Excise relating to warehoused 
Goods. 

I. On taking out of Warehouse, Wine, 
Spirits, Coffee, &c. for Exportation, no 
Duty to be charged for Decrease of Quan- 
tity arising from natural waste. Allowance 
for Waste not to exceed certain Propor- 
tions mentioned. Not to prevent the full 
Duties from being charged without Allow- 
ance on spirits, wine, &c. taken out of 
Warehouse for Home Consumption. Spirits 
to be re-gauged, and Strength re-exa- 
mined, &c. Not to exempt any such 
Goods from being charged with Duties 
that may be found after account first taken. 
Deficiency to extend only to such Goods 
as have not paid duty. , 

II. Bond to be given for payment of 
Duties within Three Years, except for 
such Goods as shall be taken out for Home 
Consumption or exported before Expira- 
tion of that Time, &c. Goods to be sold 
for Home Consumption at the Expiration 
of Three Years. If Price for Home Con- 
sumption not sufficient for Duties, &c. 
such Goods may be sold for Exportation. 
If not sold in Three Mouths after the pe- 
riod for which Security was given, Goods 
may be destroyed. 

Ill. No Goods shall be delivered for 


Removal, or put on board any lighter or 
other Vessel, unless the same shall have 
Fastenings, to be locked by the proper 
Officer, otherwise such Goods shall be 
forfeited. Persons removing Lighters, 
having such Goods on board before Hatches 
are fastened, or altering Fastenings or 
removing or concealing Goods, shall forfeit 
2001. 

IV. Wine landed at the London Docks 
may be warehoused for Exportation only. 
Proprietor of Wine warehoused at such 
Docks either for Home Consumption or 
Exportation desirous of fitting such Wine 
for Exportation shall give Notice to the 
Inspector of his Intention. 

[ Who would suppose that the collec- 
tion of a paltry revenue should be al- 
lowed to impose such obstructions on, 
the freedom of trade as are indicated 
by the clauses of this act, and by all 
acts relative to the dock, bonding and 
warehousing system. Revenue, an 
affair purely incidental, is by error of 
reasoning and policy, made to super- 
sede every other interest and feeling. | 

CAP. CVI. To Continue until the 
First Day of July, One thousand eight 
hundred and Twenty-four, several Acts 
of His late Majesty, respecting the Du- 
ties of Customs payable on Merchandize 
imported into Great Britain and Ire- 
land, from any Place within the Limits 
of the East India Company's Charter ; 
and to increase the Duties payable on 
the Importation of Sugar from the East 
Indies, until the Twenty-fifth Day of 
March One thousand eight hundred and 
twenty-three, in Great Britain, and 
until the First Day of July One thou- 
sand eight hundred and twenty-four in 
Ireland. 

CAP.CVII. To repeal so much of an 
Act passed in the Fifty-sixth Year of 
His late Majesty, as relates to the Pur- 
chase of Lands, Tenements, and Here- 
ditaments, at Sheerness, in the County 
of Kent, and to vest certain Lands and 
Hereditaments at Gillingham, in the 
said County, in Trustees, to be appro- 
priated to the Public Service in the De- 
partment of the Navy. 

CAP. CVIIL Yo provide for the 
Charge of the Addition to the Public 
Funded Deht of the United Kingdom of 
Great Britain and Ireland, for the Ser- 
vice of the Year One thousand eight 
hundred and twenty-one. f 

CAP. C1LX. An Act for better secur- 
ing the Duties of Excise on Tobacco. 

NEW: 


1822,] [ 


1G] | 


NEW BOOKS PUBLISHED IN FEBRUARY, 


With an Historicat and Critica PRoEMIUM. 
4 a oe 
Authors or Publishers, desirous of seeing an early notice of their Works, are 
requested to transmit copies before the 18th of the Month. 
- ee De 


R. FRANCIS PLACE has contri- 
buted much valuable argument and 
information on a difficult and long disputed 
question, in his Jllustrations and Proofs 
of the Principle of Population, which are 
written with all the clearness, force and 
impartiality which might have been ex- 
pected from the character of their author 
for originality and acumen. The general 
scope of Mr. Place’s work is a defence of 
‘the main doctrine of Mr. Malthus against 
Mr. Godwin in particular; in which, as 
well as in exposing Mr. Godwin’s singular 
contrariety of opinions at different periods, 
we think he is completely successful. Mr. 
Place, however, is an independent thinker, 
and walks in no man’s footsteps. His cor- 
rections of Mr. Malthus’s propositions are 
neither few nor unimportant. We may in- 
stance his refutation of that gentleman’s 
assertion that the law of nature gives no 
man a right to subsistence, when his labour 
will not fairly purchase it, which has ex- 
posed its author to much well-deserved 
animadversion. The great means which 
Mr. Place proposes for regulating the 
proper relation between population and 
supply, is the extension of information 
and the instruction of the public mind, by 
which moral and prudential restraint may 
be increased. In the sixth chapter, on the 
state of the working people of England, 
and the subsequent sections, Mr. Place 
treats the subject in a manner which en- 
titles him to as much respect for the good- 
ness of his feelings as the soundness of his 
doctrines. The volume comprises an his- 
torical view of the population of this coun- 
try from the time of the Britons to the pre- 
sent period ; and we are convinced that it 
stands in need of no recommendation but 
its own intrinsic excellence to introduce it 
to the notice of all who are interested in 
the discussion of the dangerous sophisms 
which it exposes and corrects. 

A Complete Course of Pure and Mixed 
Mathematics, has appeared within these few 
days, edited by Mr. Peter NIcHOLson, 
a mathematician of considerable eminence. 
It is now well known to every teacher, 
that after a youth is perfected in arith- 
metic, there is then no work in sequence— 
no single yolume, which, in regaréto the 
mathematical sciences, can be introduced 
as a system, and corresponding in idea, 
with Walkinghame’s or Joyce’s Systems of 
Arithmetic. Such a volume Mr. N. has 
produced. It begins with Algebra, pro- 
ceeds through fluxions, and the differen- 
tial caleulus, with all modern improve- 

MONTHLY Maa. No, 365. 


ments. then gives verbatim, the first six 
and the two last books of Simson’s Euclid, 
with Trigonometry, plane and spherical, 
Conics, Curves, and all their applications to 
mensuration, perspective, mechanics,optics, 
astronomy, &c.intermingled with hundreds 
of examples, all of which are worked at 
length in a separate Key. Such a volume 
speaks for itself, and its evident utility 
places it above the reach of criticism. 
Weearnestly recommend all who, for any 
purpose, wish to have a true idea of the 
advantages of emigration to America, and 
of the state of society there, to peruse A 
Visit to North America and the English 
Settlements in the Illinois, by ADLARD 
WELBY, Esq. The accounts of many for- 
mer travellers appear to be far from cor- 
rect, particularly those of Mr. Birkbeck, 
to whose settlement the author paid a visit. 
The flattering accounts of that gentleman 
have induced many to quit their former 
situations and to settle in that vicinity. 
He made large promises of wealth and 
freedom, but in every particular, according 
to Mr. Welby’s statement, the adventurers 
have been most egregiously disappointed. 
We mention these charges to point out the 
necessity of caution in trusting to the 
overcharged representations of others. To 
our present author, that caution need not, 
we think, be applied; for so far from falling 
into the common fault, of lavishing unde- 
served praise, he seems to go into the op- 
posite extreme, and to betray even a degree 
of prejudice against the country through 
which he travelled, which if it does not in- 
crease the value of the work, at least 
heightens the amusement to be derived. 
We congratulate the public on the ap- 
pearance of Miss AIKIN’s promised Me- 
moirs of the Court of King James the 
First. The cursory perusal we have been 
able to give it, convinces us that, much as 
we esteem her prior publication, its popu- 
larity is likely to be equalled, if not sur- 
passed, by the present volumes. The ac- 
knowledged judgment, taste, and spirit of 
Miss Aikin, combined with patient and in- 
dustrious research, have accomplished all 
that could have been expected from her. 
In point of novelty and amusing details we 
are inclined to prefer the Memoirs of 
James to those of Elizabeth. The subject 
is less trite, and many veins of anecdote, 
which Miss Aikin has introduced, have 
been before but carelessly and imperfectly 
exhibited. Her task has been a diffi- 
cult one, but worthy of her abilities, and 
she has aequitted herself of it in a manner 
x which 


162 


which cannot fail to ensure her a deserved 
and lasting reputation. 

One of the most honest books that has 
appeared for several years relative to 
France, is Mr. IRELAND’s volume, enti- 
tled France for the last Seren Years, or 
the Bourbons. Mr. 1. dedicates his work 
in a noble spirit to the Cortes of Spain, 
and thereby proves that his feelings are 
of the true old British school, and that he 
is not one of those base panders of power 
who for years past have subsisted by as- 
cribing the crimes of their patrons to the 
principles of liberty. Mr. Ireland lived 
in Paris during the last seven years, in 
familiar intercourse with its citizens, and 
does not write upon reports or hear-says, 
but from his own personal observation. 
We quote as an example his account of the 
fensations created in Paris by the return 
of Napoleon from Elba, in consequence of 
the breach of all faith with him, and of 
the propositions to seize him and send him 
to St. Helena. 


At this momentons crisis, I resided in the fau- 
bourg St.Germain, when having business one morn- 
ing on the otherside of the water, I proceeded down 
the Rue dn Bae, but stopped inmy way at the caffe 
Guerraz in that street, which IT found extremely 
crowded, while a strange appearance of anxiety 
was depicted on every countenance, several persons 
surrounding each individual who bad been fortu- 
nate enough fo get a newspaper, the contents of 
which the lucky possessor was reading aloud to the 
bye-standers ; as the incessant buz prevented my 
gaining any information, I enquired of the Zimona- 
diere at the comptoir, the reason of the nove! scene 
I witnessed, upon which, she exclaimed with asto- 
nishment:—* Good heaven! is it possible, Sir, you 
should not have heard that the Emperor is landed 
in France?” Such being indeed the earliest infor- 
mation I had acquired of this wonderful event, all 
endeavours to convey a faithful picture of the ex- 
traordinary scene thit now presented itself, would 
be utterly impossible; people running in all direc- 
tions, seemed to have forgotten the avocations for 
which they left their homes; at every hundred 
paces you met a group in close conversation ; gens 
d@’armes on horse and foot, were proceeding with 
rapidity, in different directions ; at the Thuilleries, 
upon Change, along the Boulevards, all was hurry 
and confusion, while many old soldiers, hoping 
that the Emperor might arrive at the cap:tal in 
safety, forgot in theireagerness the prudence which 
should have guiced them, and in the exultation of 
the moment, cried out, ** Pive/’ Empereur,”’ two in- 
stances of which I witnessed in front of the Garde 
Meuble, Place Louis Quinze ; these men were fortl)- 
with seized, and hurried away to the corps de 
garde. In short, all regular routine of business 
was totally at a stand; a species of public fever 
was the consequence, and the national pulse defied 
all the efforts of reason to bring it back to a tone of 
sanity. In-this state of mental delirium, the day 
passed over, but with return of night, the sensation 
was, if possible, encreased ; the cafes were crowded 
to excess, while the vigilance of the police had re- 
doubled its precautions, by stationing additional 
gens d’armes in every quarter; addedto which, the 
gnouchards, under all disguises, mingled with the 
crowds to ascertain and report the state of public 
feeling, as wellas to stop all such whose conduct 
should render then amenable to the existing laws ; 
many arrestations in consequence took place, and 
actuated by various contending passions, the inha- 
bitants of Pans at length retired to their respective 
qrarters. awaiting with unparalleled anxiety, the 
aiiceut of news as to the failure or success of Napo- 
leoa’s hazardous undertaking. 

Ata very early hony the next morning, the city 
Was id moulin, when it was given out that if three 


Literary and Critical Proemium. 


[March 1, 


persons were seen stationary in the street they 
should immediately be dispersed; and by the mid- 
dle of the day numerons reports were afloat, most 
of which emanated from government, stating the 
complete failure of Napoleon, and his imprison- 
ment, immediately after landing ; others detai'cd 
his assassination by the indignant populace, whale 
another related that the soldiery baying forced him 
to surrender, he was shot as a traitor by military 
law, and his head chopped off in order to be sent 
to-Paris, end there publicly exposed. But as to 
any real statements, not a word transpired that 
could be relied upon, all letters from the south 
being inspected at the Post-office ; added to this, 
the diligences were searched on entering Parix, 
while at the barricrs, which were kept closed, 
guards were stationed, together with the most vi- 
gilant emissaries of the Police. 

While this information was gradnally made 
public in the capital, a thousand reports were 
spread; and certainly had Napoleon been a cat, his 
nine lives would not have sufficed him, as I am 
certain he was killed twenty times, and in as many 
different ways ; however, upon his arrival at Gre- 
noble, which is a large and populous city, the sen- 
sation at Paris became very apparent indeed, nor 
could all the vigilance and rigonrous measures of 
the police, and arrestations hourly made in all di- 
rections, prevent the ox pressions of joy, which 
arose from a conviction of his ullimate azival in 
safety at the capital. 

Those persons who were not witnesses of the 
fact, can form no idea of the incaleulable sale of 
Bonaparte’s proclamation dated from the Gulf of 
Juan, the first of March, wherein he stated, “ La 
Victoire marchera au pas de charge,—L’ Aigle arce 
les Couleurs Nalionales, volera de clocher en clocher , 
Jusqwaux tours de Notre Dame:” in short, the 
above words were in every one's mouth. 

On the evening of the 19th, between ten and ele- 
ven at night, I passsd through the Place Carousel 
in my way home; all was agit quiet at the 
Thuilleriés, where the only cireumstance that 
struck me was, there being more lights than usual 
in the windows of the long facade; nothing, how- 
ever, gave the least indicat‘on of the speedy depar- 
ture of the Royal Family, which took place about 
two hours after, of which I was not aware until 
the following morning at half past nine, when I 
observed, on gaining the Pont Royal, that no sen- 
tries were stationed there, and that all the windows 
of the palace were closed, while upon gaining the 
pedestal of the first colossal figure that intersects 
the iron-railing in the Place Carousel, 1 found a 
large placard posted upon it, whereon appeared the 
following Indicrous notice, in striking characters, 
** Chateau a louer bien meuble si ce n'est la Baterie 
de Cuisine que le dernier proprietaire a emporte 
avec lui.” “ Palace to let well furnished, exept the 
kitchen utensils, which have been carried away by 
the late proprietor.” And upon the second pedestal, 
“ Gros +t gras cochon a vendre pour un Napoicon.” 
"© A large fat hog to be sold for one Napoleon.” 
Such were the first intimations T had ero e 
departure of Louis and the family, of which Bona- 

arte was apprised at Fontainbleau by seven o'clock 
In the merning, when he immediately set off in a 
carriage for Paris, attended only by a few hussars 
and dragoons, driving with great rapidity. 

From. the moment that the departure of the 
Bourbons was made public, the arrival of the Em- 
peror was anxiously expected, and consequently on 
the 20th of March,at an early hour, no inconsidera- 
ble bustle was manifested throughout Paris. Nu- 
merous reports were in circulation as to the bar- 
rier ly which he would enter, as well as the pre- 
cise hour_when he might be expected. Thus, 
being misled by these contradjetory statements, I 
proceeded in various directions, and about mid-day 
was attracted with multitudes to the Boulevard 
Montmartre, where I arrived in time taseea body 
of about two thousand troops covered with dirt and 
dust, who were accompanying several pieces of 
heavy artillery, every man wearing the tri-coloured 
cockade; while at stated intervals of tive minutes, 
as they advanced shouts of ‘* Vive? Empsreur £’ rent 
the air, in which they were joined by vociferations 
of the populace who accompanied them, every sol- 
dier having a citizen linked to either arm demand- 

ing 


1822.] 


ing tidings concerning the march of Napoleon, 
and the period of his arrival at the capital. This 
imotley cavalcade was slow in its progress, for at 
certain periods an halt was made in order to gratify 
the populace, who insisted upon regaling the com- 
panions of the Emperor, for which purpose all the 
surrounding wine-shops were put in a state of 
requisition, when immense cans were brought out 
atthe expense of the people, who with the troops 
toasted the Kimperor, General Bertrand, the Old 
Guard, &c, &¢, with an enthusiasm which none but 
a. cye wiiness can figure to his imagination. In 
this manner they continued along the Boulevards, 
turning down the Rue de la Paix, and halted in 
tle Place Vendome, where it appears they were to 
remain till further orders. 

I repaired to the Thuilleries, taking my station 
as near as possible to the entiance of the Pavillon 
de Flore, when after waitiny hour after liour, dur- 
ing which period the expectant but wearied crowds 
were many times replaced by fresh comers, at 
pes six o’clock, on a sudden, a distant shout was 

eard, which continued rapidly increasing, and 
after a lapse of some minutes a small escort of 
lforse galloped into the square, and immediztely 
afterwards a carriage ratiled along at full speed, 
containing the object so long and ardently expected 
by the accompanying multitudes, who, with Ber- 
irand and Drouet, made signs to the shouting po- 
pulace, while numerous general officers surround- 
ing the vehicle uncovered, mingled their affection- 
ate sentiments with those of the crowd. : 

On gaining the portal, it was with infinite diffi- 
culty that Napoleon could alight, from the dread- 
ful pressure, and no sooner had he gained the bot- 
tom of the grand staircase, than he was raised from 
the ground and borne up the flight of stairs upon 
the shoulders of the officers, dnring which opera- 
tion his constant ery was ‘‘ Soysz sage mes bons 
enfauns! Soyez sageje vous en pric! “ Be steady my 
good children; be steady I entreat of you;” but to 
expect subordination at such a moment was falla- 
cious, as the general impulse approximated to 
madness; in proof of which, a piece of the flap of 
Ins coat being either purposely or by accident torn 
off, was instantly divided in to hundreds of scraps, 
for the procurement of each remnant of which by 
way of relique, there was as much struggling as if 
the effort had been made to-becoime possessed of so 
jMany ingots of gold. 

-I repaired at an eaily honr in the morning to the 


Thvilleries Gardens, where I already found thou- ° 


sinds assembled to view Napoleon, who appeared 
at one of the windows every five minutes, hee he 
was salnted with incessant acclamations, and it 
absent from popular ob-ervation for any longer 
period he was compelled to shew himse:f, as the 
clamour became so loud and imperions. Upon one 
of these occasions Bertrand stood beside him, whom 
he good-naturedly pulled by the ear, and patted 
pa the shonlder, exclaiming, as he performed 
the action, “ lehrave nem’a gamais quite!” ‘ this 
brave fellow neverabandoned me !” As the windows 
of the apartment were wide open, I could perceive 
that Napoleon constantly traversed the chamber ac- 
companied by a fenrale, whom upon engniry I 
Jearned was the Queen Hortensia. And another 
circumstance which I noticed was, that upon his 
presenting himself to the public in this manner, 
mimerons individuals among the crowd held up 
petitions, who, upon the Empetor’s retiring from 
ihe window, were desired by Bertrand, or some 
other officer, to deliver them to a sentry stationed 
below at no great distance, when after the lapse of 
afew minutes Napoleow again appeared with the 
bundle of papers in bis left hand, which he held 
forth to view, and then placing his right hand npon 
his heart, he bowed his head two or three times, 
thereby intimating that it was his intention to 
peruse every document himself, and not commit 
the petitions of his subjects to the decision of any 
other individual, 

A sober and abstemious reader will pro- 
bably turn from Essays, Moral, Philoso- 
phical and Stomachical, on the important 
science of Good Living, by LAUNCELOT 


STURGEON, esq. as likely to seduce him 


Critical Nolices of Books of the Month. 


163 


into some excess, inconsistent with his 
limited regimen, and perhaps he would do 
wisely. Mr. Sturgeon is evidently a tho- 
rough connoisseur in the art on which he 
writes, and displays it in the most fasci- 
nating colours. The faculties of eating 
and drinking are discussed in full detail, 
and with a solemnity of didactic eloquence 
perfectly suited to the subject. “ Either 
a man’s principles,” says the worthy epi- 
cure, ‘or his stomach must be very uu 

settled, who is insensible to the real value 
of the pleasures of the table ; and we may 
be assured that no constitution stands so 
much in need of radical reform as that of 
him who can view a good dinner with 
indifference, or repay it with ingratitude.” 
Io this mixed spirit of irony and earnest, the 
Essays are well supported to the conclu- 
sion. Even beyond the kitchen, the au- 
thor shews himself to be a man of infor- 
mation.and taste ; and, while we must de- 
cline to taste his sauces, we can sufficiently 
relish the jocularity and humour with 
which he has seasoned h‘s pages. 

Without intending to detract from the 
merits of the “ great unknown” novelist 
of the present day, or to question thg re- 
putation to which the versatility of his 
talents entitles him, we should certainly be 
glad to arrest that spirit of imitation, 
which is at once mean in its origin and 
abortive in its effects. It is with pleasure 
that we see attempts made to direct the 
taste of the public to novels which may 
instruct, whilst they interest their reader ; 
and in this class, we have perused with 
satisfaction two entertaining works, entt- 
tled The Village Coquette, and Langreath, 
which, though of yery dissimilar character, 
are both above mediocrity. In the former 
we meet with sprightly dialogue and spi- 
rited sketches of characters. The latter is 
a well-constructed novel, commanding a 
high degree of interest from its accurate 
description of Cambrian manners and 
scenery, the contrasted display of passions 
in the principal characters, and its unal- 


.Joyed moral tendency. We may also men- 


tion a third novel, called Such is the 
World, as not undeserving of as favour- 
able an opinion as we have expressed of 
the works above alluded to. 

A Topographical, Statistical, end His- 
torical Account of the Borough of Preston, 
by MARMADUKE TULKET, merits the at- 
tention of such of our readers as are inte- 
yested in works ofa local nature. It con- 
tains a concise historical account of the 
borough, and of the law courts for the 
county palatine of Lancaster, which are 
held there, and enters into a full descvip- 
tion of the town itself, which is assisted by 
several tolerable plates. We notice on the 
other hand many things which might well 
have been omitted, such as lists of Ladies’ 
Charity Balls, and of Charity Sermons, 

with 


164 


with other trifling and unnecessary details 
which can hardly possess any interest for 
residents, and to strangers are mere im- 
pertinencies.—Preston has reason to be 
proud of enjoying the privilege of uni- 
versal suffrage in a higher degree than any 
place in the empire. 

It will be proper for those persons who di- 
rect their yiews to emigration, to consult a 
recent yolume containing A Geographical, 
Historical and Topographical Deseription 
of Van Diemen’s Land, by GEORGE WIL- 
LIAM Evans, Surveyor-general of the Co- 
lony, which conveys a very favourable ac- 
count of that island, and holds out to set- 
tlers adyantages of the first importance. 
The most valuable and original portion of 
the work is that which relates to the topo- 
graphy of the colony, and it is, indeed, 
this part of the work alone, which is to be 
attributed to the pen of Mr. Evans. The 
rest, and by much the greater portion, has 
been compiled and added to the original 
manuscript since its arrival in this country, 
with the apparent object of adding to the 
bulk of the work. The matter thus collected, 
although not without its use, has been for 
some time before the public, on whom it is 
thus forced again very unnecessarily. With 
these drawbacks, this volume is certainly 
both interesting and instructive. A large 
chart of the island is also published to ac- 
company the volume, but is to be had in a 
separate form, so well detailed as to bea 
geographical acquisition. 

When a poet “ finds his stanzas very 
easy” to write, the presumption is, that 
the public will find them very difficult to 
read. Soit is with The Templar. It is the 
opinion of this author, that his verse, Don 
Juan’s metre, “ is made as women stitch.” 
* No doubt it is, with just as much facility, 

**By men with less than Byron’s famed ability.” 

But this facility is only a snare for the 
unexperienced. To write indifferent dog- 

‘ grel verse they find to be the easiest thing in 
the world. It is only by sad experience that 
the real difficulty of their task is discover- 
ed. Nothing of this sort can livé, which 
does not mingle pungent wit and an ex- 
quisite perception of humour, with some- 
thing of the higher faculties of a poet, and 
the whole must bear a fine and delicate 
polish. Such is Lord Byron’s Don Juan— 
and such is not the Templar. We think it 
is altogether a failure. The humour is 
low, the composition loose, and the verse 
for the most part intolerable. No licence 
can justify such lines as the following, 
which, instead of wit and rhyme, abound 
with blunders and vulgarity— 

** Ain I to take about your wicker basket 

Under my arm? I vow it makes me savage. 

T am surprised how youcan think toaskit ~ 

Or expect me to run after your cabbage ! 

Being full of wrath and ire I will not mask it; 

Tmmediately I'll pack up all my baggage.” 


“fAll! (quoth the lady) that surely never much shall 
Be, which will rest in the compass of a nut-shell.” 


Literary and Critical Proemium. 


[Mareh I, 


We leave this specimen to speak for it- 
self, and shall only reiterate our admoni- 
tion, that nothing is so offensive as this 
style of poetry without a very high degree 
of skill and delicacy in its execution. 

A Statistical Account, or Parochial 
Survey of Ireland, by WiLL1AM SHAW 
Mason, Esq., is a work which we have un- 
deservedly for a long time omitted to no- 
tice. We would recommend it to the at- 
tention of any one who wishes to havea 
clear and correct idea,of the state of our 
oppressed and neglected sister country. 
The communications upon which it is 
drawn up, are made by the clergy, so that 
their accuracy may be safely depended 
upon for any purpose for which they may 
be consulted. The antiquities which are 
to be met with in the various parishes are 
noticed, and many stone engravings of 
them are given. The three volumes now 
published, may be considered as a supple- 
ment to the series of County Surveys, un- 
dertaken by the Dublin Society, and both 
series taken together, may be safely said 
to comprize the most extensive and authen- 
tic stock of materials whence future wri- 
ters may deduce correct inferences, as to 
the present state of the country in several 
of its most interesting particulars. 

We have been favoured with a copy of 
Three Nights in Perthshire, with aDescrip- 
tion of theFestival of a Scotch Hairst Kirn 
(or harvest-home feast), by PERcy YORKE, 
with the perusal of which we were highly 
pleased. The author, whilst making a pe- 
destrian tour amongst the enchanting 
Lochs of Ketturin and Lochard, the Cla- 
chan of Aberfoil, and the neighbouring 
scenery, so widely celebrated by the pen 
of Sir Walter Scott, becomes acquaint- 
ed with two young men, who carry him 
with them to a friend’s house, where he is 
treated with true Scotch hospitality, by the 
worthy father and his two lovely accom- 
plished daughters, and is detained a day 
for the purpose of being present at the 
“ Hairst Kirn.” The description of his two 
friends at the beginning of this little work, 
led us to expect much pleasure from the 
perusal of it, and we were far from being 
disappointed, His sketches of the roman- 
tic scenery, with which thatregion abounds, 
prove him to possess no despicable de- 
scriptive powers, and the numerous pieces 
of poetry with which his pages are inter- 
spersed, though perhaps not equal to the 
other parts, shew that the author’s attain- 
ments, in that line of composition, are very 
considerable. 

a 
ARCHITECTURE, 

Taylor’s Builders’ Price Book, corrected 
for 1822. 4s, 

Rural Architecture ; or, a Series of Designs 
for Ornamental Cottages ; by F. P. Robinson, 
Archt. No, I, 4to. ds. ASTRONOMY. 


ASTRONOMY. 

Elements of Astronomy; by A. Picquot, 

12mo, 7s. 6d. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY. 

Jackson’s Catalogue of 30,000 volumes of 
Rare and Scarce Books. 2s. 

Pickering’s Select Catalogue of Old Books, 
No. 2 for 1822. 

Ogle, Duncan, and Co.’s Catalogue of 
Oriental Literature. ls, 6d. 

BLOGRAPHY., 

Franklin’s Memoirs, vols. 5 and 6; by W. 
Temple Franklin, esq. 8vo. 21. 8s. 

- Lady Jane Grey and her Times; by Geo. 
Howard, esq. 8vo. 12s. 

The Life of William Hey, esq. F.R.S. 
Member of the Royal College of Surgeons 
&e. &e.; by John Pearson, F.R.S. &c. Ke, 
8vo. 18s. 

Memoirs of the Life of the Rev. W. Ten- 
nent, formerly pastor of the Presbyterian 
Church at Trutsold, New Jersey, 18mo.1s. 6d, 

Memoirs of a Life chiefly passed in Penn- 
sylvania, within the last sixty years, 8vo. 9s. 

Some Passages of the Life of Mr. Adam 
Blair, Minister of the Gospel at Cross-Meikle, 
post 8vo. 

BOTANY. 

Botanical Rambles; designed as an easy 
and familiar introduction to the elegant and 
pleasing study of botany; by the author of 
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plates, exhibiting eleven varieties of the Ca- 
mellia, accurately drawn from nature by 
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61. 16s, 6d. beautifully coloured. 

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Acts, altered from the French of Crebillon ; 
by Edward Sinnett, 8vo. 3s. . 

The Martyr of Antioch: a Tragic Drama ; 
by the Rev. H. H. Milman, 8vo. 8s. bds. 

EDUCATION.- 

The Monitor’s Manual ; or, Figures Made 
Easy ; by Josepb Fitch. 2s. 

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their endings; by John Atkinson. 5s. 

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_bridge; by Eubulus, 8vo. 

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by A. R. Canon, M.A. 12mo. 3s. 

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culated to facilitate their progress in know- 
ledge and virtue, 3s, 6d. 


List of New Publications in February. 


165 


A Complete Course of Arithmetic, Theo- 
retical and Practical, forming a complete 
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metical Science; by W. H. White, of Bed- 
ford. 4s. Key to the same 5s. 

The Hand of Providence, with four engrav= 
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comprising a selection of familiar phrases, 
with their various constructions explained on 
a new plan: a Series of Questions and An- 
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and Significations, and a copious Vocabu- 
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and Modern; being a continuation of Profes- 
sor Tytler’s work, from the deaths of Queen 
Anneand Louis XIV. to the demise of his late 
Majesty King George the Third, 1820; by 
E. Nares, D.D. Regius Professor of Modern 
History in the University of Oxford, vol. 34. 

The Arithmetician’s Guide ; or, a Complete 
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and private teachers; by William Taylor, 
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10 vols, 8vo. 31. 10s. bds. 

The History and Chronicles of Scotland ; 

written 


166 


written in Latin by Hector Boece, Canon of 
Aberdeen, and translated by John Bellenden, 
Archdean of Moray and Canon of Ross, 
2 vols. quarto. 5]. 5s. large paper, 101. 10s. 
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Popular Elements of Pure and Mixed Ma- 
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Differential Calculus, and other improved 
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quarto. 

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the Diseases of Women and Children; by J. 
Lynch, 8vo. 5s. 6d. 

The Quarterly Journal of British and 
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the first number of a new series of the Jour- 
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A Treatise on Apoplexy; by John Cooke, 
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The Principles of Medicine, on the Plan 
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A Treatise on Parturition, quarto. 3s. 

An Inquiry into tke Opinions, Ancient and 
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Remarks upon Morbus Oryzeus ;-or, Dis- 
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M.D. M.A.S. in 2 parts, 8vo. 8s. 

A Treatise on Diseases of the Nervous 
System, comprising Convulsive and Maniacal 
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Svo. 12s, 

MISCELLANIES. 

Advice to the Young Mother in the Ma- 
nagement of Herself and Infant; by Thomas 
Litchfield, 12mo. 3s, 6d. 


List of New Publications in February. 


[March ], 


No. 3, of the New Edinburgh Review. 

Essays, Moral, Philosopkical, an! Stoma~- 
chical, on the important science of Good 
Living ; by Launcelot Sturgeon, esq. 12mo.7s. 

A Narrative of the Improvements in his 
Majesty’s Gaol at Tichester. 

No. 1, of the Youth’s Monthly Visitor. 

No. 9, of the Retrospective Review. 

Report of a Rehearsal of an Hunterian 
Oration, at the Royal College of Surgeons, 
read to a Committee of Undertakers; by 
William Woeful, of Fleet Market, 12mo. 

No. 38 of the Pamphileteer. 

The Mirror, Svo. 2s. sewed. 

The Anecdote Library, consisting of up- 
wards of 2000 of the most interesting anec- 
dotes, biographical and historical, being the 
largest collection ever printed ina single vo- 
lume; by tbe Editor of the Vocal Library, 
12mo. 10s. 6d. 

The Gossip, a series of original essays and 


Jetters, literary, historical, and critical, de- 


scriptive'sketches, and anecdotes, and original 
poetry, 5vo. ds. 
NATURAL PHILOSOPHY. 

The Works of John Playfair, esq. late 
Professor of Natural Philosophy in the Uni- 
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Author, 4 vols. 8vo. 21. 12s. 64. 

NOVELS, TALES, AND ROMANCES. 

Lemira of Lorraine : a Romance, 3 vols. 
8vo. 18s. 

The Recluse: a Romance, a Translation 
of Le Solitaire, 2 vols. 12s. 

The Woman of Genius, 3 vols.12mo. 16s. 

Dinan, a Romance, 3s. 6d. 

Langreath: a Tale; by Mrs. Nathan, 3 
vols. 12mo. 11. Is. 

The Vocal Library of upwards of 2000 
Songs, with 100 popular French Songs ; new 
edition. 12mo. 10s. 6d. 

Constance: -a Tale; by Isabel Hill, 
12mo. 7s. 

Wieland: an American Tale, 3 vols. [Ss. 

The Flatterer; or, False Friendship: a 
Tale; by M, A. Hedge. 4s. 

The Story of Pigou, a Malay Boy; by W. 
Gardiner, ]8mo, 2s. 

The Wizerd, Priest, and the Witch: a 
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The Village Coquette; by the author of 
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Sir Andrew Wylie of that Ilk, 3 vols, 21s. 

PHILOLOGY. ° 

A Critical Dissertation on the Nature and 

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The Thane of Fife; by W. Tennant, Svo. 

Recitations, Humorous, Serious, and Sa- 
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by 


1822.] 


by James Rondeau, of Clay Hill, Enfield, 
&VO. 5s. 

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The Carnival of Death, in two cantos ; by 
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The Maid of Orleans, translated by W. H. 
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167 — 


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New Testament; by the author of Geraldine. 

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a Sermon, preached at Lime Street Chapel, 
Preston ; by Joseph Fletcher, A.M. 1s. 

Faith y Pererin, Yn Dair Rhan ; or, Bun- 

yan’s 


168 


yan’s Pilgrim’s Progress, in Welsh, ornament- 
ed with fine engravings. 
VOYAGES AND TRAVELS. 

Travels in the Interior of Southern Africa ; 
by William J. Burchell, esq. vol. 1, quarto. 

Part VI. Vol. VI. of Modern Voyages 
and Travels, containing a Narrative of the 
Wreck of the Sophia on the Coast of Africa, 


New Music and Drama. 


[March 1, 


with the Adventures of the Crew in the In- 
terior, price 3s. 6d. sewed, 4s. bds. 

A Memoir of the Principal Occurrences 
during an Embassy from the British Govern- 
ment to the Court of China ; by the Rev. Dr. 
Robert Morrison, author of the Chinese Dic- 
tionary, Grammar, &c. and attached to the 
embassy,'8vo. 3s. 6d. 


NEW MUSIC AND THE DRAMA. 


Three Sonatas for the Piano Forte, com- 
posed and dedicated to L. Cherubini, by 
Muzio Clementi, esq. Member of the 
Royal Academy of Music in Stockholm. 
10s. 6d, the set. 


HESE sonatas are every way wor- 

thy of their ingenious and scien- 
tificauthor. The fist (in A major) is 
distinguished by its boldness of style 
and general originality of idea, elabo- 
rate combinations and artful evolutions. 
Tndeed, in every requisite of piano-forte 
composition, it indicates the pen of a 
real and self-authorized master, who, 
disdaining the shackles of timidity, 
dauntlessly traverses a new path, and 
ventures where only the truly scientific 
will dare to follow him. If the first 
movement is warm and energetic, the 
adagio by which it is relieved glows 
with a plaintive enthusiasm, and is fol- 
lowed by a brilliant allegro, character- 
ized by the beauty of its rapid passages, 
and the expressive touches of its stac- 
cato pointing. The second piece (in D 
major) opens in a somewhat pathetic 
style, and the succeeding matter, amid 
the mutations of intricate and ingenious 
modulation, partakes of a similar sen- 
timent. The adagio is well contrasted 
with its preceding movement; and the 
concluding allegro is novel in its air, 
and animated in its cast. The third of 
the sonatas (in D minor) introduced by 
an extract from the opera of Didone 
Abbandonatu, (a scena tragica). deve- 
lopes a series of specimens of scientific 
skill, which produce all the intended 
results. The middle movement is 
chaste, and well accommodated to the 
purpose of ushering in the closing alle- 
gro. The whole of this latter move- 
ment is variegated by the happy oppo- 
sition of well-modulated passages ; and 
forms a highly-effective close to the 
work, We onght not to omit, that this 
publication abounds in instances of rapid 
and trying execution ; and that under the 
advantage of due practice, the various 
movements cannot fail to improve the 
powers of the finger. 


No. I. of “Tur GLEANER,” or select Flute 
Miscellany, comprising Airs, Duets, and 
Trios, compiled, arranged, and partly 
composed by J. Monro. 2s. 6d. 

To practitioners on the flute, this 
work promises to be a serviceable com- 
panion. ‘ O Dolce Concento,” arrang- 
ed with variations; ‘“ Union Waltz,” 
a trio, consisting of three airs simulta- 
neously performed ; “* Together let us 
range the fields,”’ “ Love in thine eyes,” 
“Le Gareon Volage,” “ Saxon Air,”’ “ Le 
Don Juan,’ “ March in the occasional 
Oratorio,” and‘ Gia fan Ritorno,”’ are 
the most prominent airs. In a word, 
the whole number is well made up, and 
to the tasteful amateur, will prove a de- 
servedly acceptable treat. 

Rossini’s favourite Cavatina “ Di piacer 
mi balza il cor,” arranged as a Rondo 

for the Piano Forte, by Fred, Ries, 
Member of the Royal Academy of Music 
in Stockholm. 4s. 

This Cavatina, (though trivial in its 
cast) possesses considerable attractions. 
The introduction, a larghetto move- 
ment, is simple, but not without dig- 
nity; the closing passages agreeably 
prepare the ear for the reception of the 
air “¢ Di piacer mi balza il cor,”? which 
is occasionally and successfully intro- 
duced throughout the piece. The mo- 
dulations are ingenious, and the pas- 
sages novel and pleasing. This is suc- 
ceeded by an Andante of a soothing 
character, which forms a happy con- 
trast to the naiveté of the Rondo itself. 
The coda is energetic and appropriate, 
and the arrangement of the whole re- 
flects considerable credit on the judg- 
ment of Mr. Ries. 

No. 10, of Operatic Airs: the subjects 
taken from the most approved Operas. 
Italian, English, §c. 5c. and arranged 
for the Piano Forte, with an Introduc- 
tory Movement to each, by the most 
eminent Authors ; amongst whom are 
Messrs. Clementi, Kalkbrenner, Latour, 
Ries, Rowlings, $c. §c. 3s. 

“© My native Highland home’’ (com- 
posed by Mr. Bishop,) is the subject 
chosen for this Rondo, by Mr. ay om 

; The 


1822.] 


The arrangement is tasteful, and the 
necessary digressions from the subject 
calculated to ensure all the intended 
effect. Of the Introduction we must 
decline speaking in terms of commen- 
dation. ‘The best we can say of it is, 
that it does not materially detract 
from the general merits of the piece. ~ 


Hart's Fifth Set of Quadrilles, with their 
Proper Figures, as Danced at Almack’s 
and the Nobility’s Balls, composed and 
arranged for the Piano Forte, or Harp, 
and respectfully dedicated to Lady and 
Miss Dallas, by Joseph Hart. 4s. 
These six Airs, with their -appro- 

priate figures for dancing, (given both 

in English and French,) form the sub- 
ject matter of this compilation. The 
general arrangement is far from defec- 
tive; and, to those who love to trip on 
. the “ light fantastic toe,’’ or who listen 


with unmixed pleasure to the harmony 


of the sylyan deities, these quadrilles 

will prove an offering not unworthy 

notice. 

“ Love Wakes and Weeps,” a Serenade 
from the Pirate. The music composed 
by J. M‘Murdie, Mus. Bac. Oxon. 1s.6d. 
The introductory symphony of this 

sereuade would alone suffice to prove 

Mr. M‘Murdie’s taste and science. The 

air itself is novel, tender, and sweetly 

‘affecting. - With the digression into the 

relative minor at the second verse, we 

are greatly pleased. It both gratifies 
the ear and accommodates the author’s 

‘sense. If we have any objection to 

offer to this interesting production, it 

is, that in a few, but only a few in- 
stances, the accent is not judiciously, 
nor, indeed, correctly given. 

The Deserted Cottage, a Ballad: the 
Words by Mr. W. Bygrave, the Music 
composed by R. W. Evans. 1s. 6d. 
This song, the piano-forte accompa- 

niment to which is both pleasing and 

appropriate, possesses in its melody a 

considerable degree of sweetness. The 

sentiment of the words is well express- 

ed; and they are in themselves so 

pathetic and poetical as to have merit- 

ed all the care and attention evidently 

bestowed upon them by the composer. 
DRAMA. 

Covent. Garden.—Independently of 
the frequent and successful repetitions 
of the Ezile, the Tempest, and the Two 
Gentlemen of Verona, the managers of 
this theatre have, since our last, pro- 
duced a new operatic drama, under the 
title of Montrose, or The Children of 
the Mist. Without going into the mi- 
nutie of the fable, or business of this 

MonTuiy Mag. No. 365. 


New Music and Drama. 


169 


piece, which is founded on one of the 
celebrated Scotch novels, we will notice 
that the principal interest arises from 
the well known and famous contests 
between the Earl of Montrose and the 
Marquis of Argyle. Though the story 
is unconnected, and obscurely told, 
some of the passages are truly vigour- 
ous, and peculiarly striking. Its fa- 
vourable reception, however, is in a 
considerable degree, to be attributed to 
the high and original humour of Liston, 
and the excellence of the music, toge- 
ther with the taste and skill by which 
a portion of it is executed by Miss 
Stephens. 

Drury Lane.—At this house, the 
ede of Kean have continued to 
raw crowded and respectable houses to 
his personations of Brutus, Rolla, 
Richard the Third, Macbeth, Othello, 
Jafier, in Venice Preserved, and Reu- 
ben Glenroy, in Town and Country. 


.But the active lessee and manager, 


constantly at his post, and ever on the 
alert, has added to these attractions, 
the production of no fewer than three 
new pieces, under the several titles of 
Owen, Prince of Powis, or Welsh Feuds 3 
Adeline, or the Victim of Seduction ; 
and Love in Humble Life. The scene 
of the first of these, (a tragedy) is laid 
in the time of one of the Henries, and 
of course in the Cambrian territory. 
In a drama founded on Welsh story, 
much interest might have been expect- 
ed, speaking both in a poetic and pa- 
triotic sense. But the incidents here 
brought together, did not, we must in 
candour confess, gain all the hold upon 
our feelings, which we had been taught 
toexpect. The language, nevertheless, 
is often highly poetical, as well as sen- 
timental, and displays a mind not only 
well educated, but nobly gifted. The 
chief supports of Owen, were Kean, 
Cooper and Miss Edmiston. Adeline, 
(a piece adapted from.the French) is a 
deeply-atfecting little drama, aud car- 
ries with it a moral that cannot fail to 
be useful, as it is calculated to guard 
the youthful heart against attempts 
which are too frequently, and often, 
too successfully directed against female 
honour. The third and last of these three 
productions, possesses a variety of me- 
ritorious characteristics 

A comic opera, under the name of 
The Veteran, has appeared within these 
few days, which is the most interesting 
piece that has appeared since Moa- 
sieur Tonson, and promises to be 4 


public favourite. 
iv MEDICAL 


}.. 170 J 


{M arch 1, 


MEDICAL REPORT. 


Rerort of DISEASES and CASUALTIES occurring in public and private Practice 
of the Physician who has the care of the Western District of the City Dispensary. 


EVER, within the last few weeks, has 

. been more frequent in the metropolis 
than during many of the preceding months; 
and in some cases the extreme collapse 


* which attended even te onset of the com 


plaint, precluded the employment of mea- 
sures that, without reference to circum- 
stances, would be judged appropriate. It 
were well, indecd, that pathologists and 
practitioners should divest their minds of 
the specific sui generis feeling on the na- 
ture of febrile essence, aud not give in to 
that false phraseology which implies the 
conception of an abstract, ab origine dif- 
ference in the malign something that has 
been the source of the malady. Is the pa- 
tient’s disorder a nervous fever? ora bi- 
lious fever? or a brain fever? or a typhus 
fever ? are questions, in the writer’s mind, 
denoting an erroneous thinking respecting 
the principles of diseased manifestation, 
for the same external cause will produce 
each and every variety of effect, according 
tothe constitutional or accidental condition 
of the recipient—and that which might be 
pamed a bilious fever on one day, might at 
least with equal propriety, be designated 
as a brain fever on the next. 

The reporter is not an anti-contagionist : 
he believes in the communicability of fever 
by an engendered poison ; but he likewise 
believes in the spontaneous origin of the 
sickness, and in its reference for the com- 
plexion it assumes, to other principles than 
the operation of a septic-venom. What vo- 
lunies of useless controversy, respecting 
the contagious or non-coutagious nature 
of the yellow fever aud plague, might have 
been spared, had observers and authors re- 
eognized the absurdity of metonymically 
naming a complaint from the local or other 
variatio.is of its external aspect ! 

The rationale avd remedial demands of 
fever are equally various—and to contend 
that it is inflammation of the brain, or any 
one thing beside, is to contend for a falla- 
cious assumption. It is alland every thing 
that implies deranged sensibility and ac- 
tion, and restorative indications must be 
deduced, not fiom nomenclature or noso- 
Jogy, but from a due consideration of age, 
sex, place, time, and circumstance. 

Rheumatic disorders, as well as febrile 
derangements, continue to prevail; and 
some instances have recently occurred, of 
@ sudden translation of the joint affection 
to internal and vital organs. Since his last 
report, the writer has lost two patients by 
this precipitate conversion, as it were, of 
xieumatism into apoplexy in the one, and 
cropsy of the chest in the other instance ; 
and although rheumatic irritation: are, for 
the most part, unaccompanied by danger, 


the occasional tendency now referred to, 
ought ever to be retained in recollection. 
Rheumatism is not seldom the disorder of 
the robust—and it is often induced by that 
carelessness that characterizes physical 
strength, sothat in this particular, the fee- 
ble have in some sort the advantage. In 
one of the cases just referred to, the com- 
plaint cc mmeuced from a chiil received by 
going upon the river during perspiration— 
an etiect which au individual of a less yi- 
gorous stamina would instinctively guard 
against. The reporter takes- ocsasion to 
say, that he has lately seen, in several in- 
stauces, the best effects from wearing wasli- 
leather over flanuel, as a preservative 
agaiust the consequences of those expo- 
sures to which all are more or less liable. 
A waistcoat of this material will, in many 
cases, supersede the necessity of, and prove 
a more effective barrier against cold, than 
a great-coat—and not seldom, even after 
the establishment of arheumatism which re 
fuses to give way before the most powerful 
medicine, clothing the parts effected wiih 
leather, will almost immediately loosen its 
hold. 

Vaccination still retains its full credit 
with the writer of these papers; and he 
was happy to find the two highest authori- 
ties in the kingdom report this year as fa- 
vourably of the practice as they did on the 
preceding. True itis, that failures, asto 
the thoroughly protecting efficacy of the 
vaccine virus, repeatedly present them- 
selves ; but such a small-pox as we see in 
a thousand to one cases after vaccination, 
is no more, nay, not so much to be dreaded 
as is a common catarrhal affection from 
cold; and it should be remembered, that 
eveu small pox itself is not an absolute se- 
curity against re-infection. Dr. Sims has 
just mentioned to the writer that he has 
lately seen a case of death from second 
small-pox ; the writer himself some time 
since saw the same thing—a result he has 
never witnessed from small-pox subse- 
quent to the vaccine impregnation. 

In the administration of those medicinals 
which ure powerfully sedative under cer- 
tain circumstances, the practitioner should 
be cautious how he increases their dose to 
an immoderate degree, in consequence of 
the apparent inertness of the drug up to 
a certain point, for it is not seldom that 
a!most no effect seems to result from larger 
and larger quantifies, till, at length, aud 
without warning, the whole that has been 
given seems to operate as if at one time. 
A friend of the writer has just related to 
him a ease of collapse almost to death from 
the Prussic acid carried gradually up to 
the extent of teu minims; and nearly a si- 

milar 


1822. 


milar result has just attended the adminis- 
tration of digitalis, in the reporter’s own 
practice. Such edged tools are medicinals, 
and such cautious observation does their 
exhibition demand. 

The writer has seen his name bandied 
about in several of the papers and maga- 
ziues of the day, as an advocate for the 
popular employment of Prussic acid, than 
which intimation nothing can be more un- 


Avricultural Report. 


171 


founded and unjust. He merely stated, and 
the statement he fearlessly and without 
qualification repeats, that either carefully 
touching a carious tooth with the liquid in 
question, or putting into it two or three © 
drops of the same, has, in several instances, 
operated with the power and quickness al- 
most of a charm in subduing irritation and 
ain. ; D. Uwins, M.D. 
Bedford Row, Feb. 20, 1822. ; 


MONTHLY AGRICULTURAL REPORT. 


he 


N Agricultural Report in a nut-shell, 
L the kernal! more-beneficia! to those who 
consume, than those who labour to produce 
it. The weather has been most propitious, 
and the earth in the finest state for cultiva- 
tion. With the exception of certain of the 
fen lands, the superfluous moisture is ge- 
nerally absorbed, with far less damage from 
the late floods than could have been ex- 
pected. The spring culture for every ar- 
ticle is getting forward, as far as circum- 
stances have permitted, includiug among 
those the diminished means of the cultiva- 
tors. However, every thing is ina good 
state of forwardness. Both corn and cat- 
tle still overflow the markets, not only 
without remuneration, but to the heavy 
loss of the farmer and grazier. The wheat 
looks finely, without auy complaint of its 
rankness; some damage from the .wire- 
worm in course. Grass in profusion, and 
the lands firm: thence grass-lamb will be 
early this season. Turnips and cole have 
been long since running, but are still of 
some use to stock. 

As a proof of the constant ample supply 
ofthe markets, TWENTY THOUSAND fat 
sheep, were driven into Smithfield on each 
of the precediug Mondays, although the 
markets had previously been supplied to 
an overflow. On the information of a 
salesman, one lot of fat beasts lately lost 
one hundred and fifty pounds, being sold 
below the store price to the grazier. Small 
milk-fed pork is somewhat dearer of late, but 
the Irish supply, for years past, has totally 
ruined pig-breeding in England, and is 
perhaps not very far from doing a similar 
favour for Ireland; since it is a known 
fact, that in the latter country the plenty 


is so great, that they are now in the habit 
of throwing away the inwards of the pigs 
slaughtered, after stripping them of the 
fat. . Many cargoes of Irish provisions 
exported hither, are now re-exporting 
to Jamaica, with not much better hope 
than in our own markets. House-lamb, 
as a fashionable viand, has been, years 
siuce, on the decline, perhaps not half 
the number as in former days are fat- 
tened. Present price about a shilling 
pec pound. It is remarked corn declines 
in price, yet flour, bread, and beer main- 
tain their’s. Whose fault is that? Would 
sellers reduce price, or buyers raise it vo- 
luntarily ? Nothing more can be done in 
such cases, with any effect, but leaving 
all transactions to take theirnatural course, 
whatever periodical and never-failing con- 
jurors may pretend. By general consent, 
allagricultural reporting kas now become 
political. The insidious and pretended 
relief held forth by the ministers, is uni- 
versally scouted for its inexplicablenes 
and inefficiency. : 

The temperature of the month has been 
remarkably mild, the general heicht of 
the thermometer being from 46’ to 52°, 

Smithfield —Beef 3s.0d. to 4s. 0d.— 

Mutton 3s. 2d. to 4s. 0d.—Lamb 0s. 0d. to 
Os. 0d.—Veal ds. 0d. to 5s.6d—Pork 3s. 0d. 
to 5s. 8d.— Bacon 0s. 0d.to Us. 0d.—Raw 
Fat 3s. 2d. Wheat 30s. to 72s.— 
Rye 21s. 0d. to 26s.- Barley 16s.to 27s — 
Oats 13s. to 27s.—The quartern loaf in 
London 10}d.—Hay 57s. to 84s. 0d— 
Clover do. 72s. to 105s.—Straw 24s. 6d. 
to 46s. 6d.— Coals in the Pool 34s. 2d. to 
43s. 6d. 

Middlesex, Feb. 25, 1822. 


MONTHLY COMMERCIAL REPORT. 


es 

PRICES or MERCHANDIZE. Jan. 27. Feb. 28. 

Cocoa, W. I. common 3.0 0 to 4 0 0 £3 0 0 to 4 O O perewt, 

Coffee, Jamaica, ordinary 4 7 0 .. 5 0 O 56 6 0 .. 510 O ditto. 

Coitee, —-——,, fine . 4 9 O 512 0 56 160 .. 6 0 0 ditto. 
— » Mocha FAO. Oe 1s 0 0 13.0 0 ..20 0 O per ewt 
Coiton, W. I. common 0 a 8} 0. 0 93 0 O 8%.. 0 O 93 perlb. 
——,Demersra . . 0 C #! 0 0 0 0 0 9... 0 1 O ditto. 
Currants F 416 0.0555 14 0 5 5 0 .. 515 O per cut. 
Figs, Turkey B.S: 0 4. & 8 0 ewe is. 4 8 0 ditto. 


Flaxe 


172 Bankrupts and Dividends. [March 1, 
Flax, Riga . 2 See Oust DO. .0 57 0 0 .. 58 O O per ton. 
Hemp,.Riga Rhine B44 On Oi ok O OE LO 53.0 0 os 3000. 0 Dios 
Hops, new, Pockets 2 On Orr 24 eG 3.0 0 “Zosia-lo 8 per cwt. 
-- —-'-—, Sussex,do.. . 2 0 0 ...216 0 3°50 J. 2a .0 Oyu: 
Tron; British, batss (8 lo O....8.9 10: -O 8 0 0 .. 8 10 O per ton. 
seen ed IES ie OO ae tT OO 50 On” Fo Gee ditto. 
Oil, Lucca C "OO MeO Oa) LO 39 0. 0” F.. 0) 20 Geper jar 
-—, Galipoli ‘ Go.00- UO. 2 2) (O00 66 0 0 .. O O O per ton. 
Rags : eos wOm oO O- 00 118 0 .. 0 O O yer ewt. 
Raisins, bloom or jar,new 316 0 .. 4 0 O 3.16."0 (a OP ee ditto. 
Rice, Patna kind . oO 24-00. 10. KE” 16 OOO Or An ee ditto. 
——, East India Os 10" (Otrse Ota 6 010 0 .. 012-0 ditto. 
Silk, Ckina, raw oh PL OT PX? 7S AS 1) OM Ay Sai he ee pen lb 
, Bengal, skein te oe tO, Wiser O13 — 0 Fe ONLE ere sditto. 
Spices, Cinnamon . OP iecd oe Me ee 0 8 9 §. 0:9 0) per'lb 
——, Cloves OPO oO OO 0 3 9 .. 0 0 0 ditto. 
, Nutmegs O 3025. 10 'BAEO 0 3 9 .. 0 310 ditto. 
—- —, Pepper, black 0 Be7Ei awe. 0 7 OO TZ... OO, VE ditto. 
———, ———,white . 013 .. 01 4 0}: 4 (A500) een ditto: 
Spirits, Brandy,Cogniac . 0 4 4 .. 0 410 03 6 .. 0 4 2 per gal. 
— —,GenevaHollands 0 0 0 .. 000 -0 1 3 .. 0 1 T ditto. 
-- —, Rum, Jamaica . 0 17 .. 0 1 9 0: nh e200) Ay Spates 
Sugar, brown 213.) Org 2S 19.0 0 @ 0 .. 0 O O perewt. 
-—- -, Jamaica, fine 316): Boa, 4 12.20 311 0 .. 315 O per cwt. 
—-~-—, East India, brown Unt “Ores 00 1650 014 0 .. 016 O dritto. 
; lump, fine S 14s Oop eers. 185.0 415 0 .. 418 O perewt. 
Tallow, town-melted Oe een nO O08 pA | TOR) LAL ee Ne per ewt. 
———, Russia, yellow Sh OO Ce 214 0 .. 218 O ditto. 
Tea, Bohea : Or 262)... 0. 10.0 0 2 63.. 0 O O per Ib. 
~- —, Hyson, best Ont Oe. Cre 0-4 0. ... G. 0. Odio; 
Wine, Madeira, old =r de LU POPES 6 aT) 22 0 0 .. 33 O O per pipe 
-——-, Port, old A OO goo OO 24 0 0 .. 55 O O ditto 
-—- +, Sherry 25 0 0 .. 60 0 0 25 0 0 .. 60 O O per butt 


Premiums of Insurance...Guernsey or Jersey, 20s. 0d.—Cork or Dublin, 20s, 0d.—Bel- 
fast, 20s. 0d.—Hambro’, 40s. 0d. — Madeira, 20s. 0d.—Jamaica, 30s.-- Greenland, out 


and home, 6s. to 12gs. 


Course of Exchange, Feb. 22.— Amsterdam, 12 8.—Hamburgh, 37 4.—Paris, 25 40. 
— Leghorn, 47}.—Lisbon, 505.—Dublin, 93 per cent. 


Premiums on Shares and Canals, and Joint Stock Companies.—Birmingham, 5601, -- 


Coventry, 10001.—Derby, 1351.—E llesmere,621.——Grand Surrey 561.0s—Grand Union,191 Os. 
—Grand Junction, 2251. -Grand Western, 31.—Leeds and Liverpool, 3501.—Leicester, 2901. 
—Loughbro’, 3400i.—Oxford, 6701. Trent and Mersey, 19001—Worcester, 251.—East 
India Docks, 1621.—London, 1021.— West India, 1761.--Southwark BripGs, 151.—Strand. 


51. 5s. 


Ligut Company, 641. 0s. City Ditto, 1051. 


The 3 per cent. Reduced, on the 22d was 78295 9; 3 per cent. consols, 


cent navy 1045 §. 


Royal Exchange AssuRANCE, 250].—Albion, 501. 0s. —Globe, 1311. 0s.—Gas 


-At the Office of Wolfe and Edmonds’, 


784345 


5 per 


Gold in bars 31. 17s. 10}d. per 0z.—New doubloons, 31, 13s. 9d.—Silver in bars 4s. 11d. 
—_———S—S 


ALPHABETICAL LIST OF BANKRUPTCIES announced between the 20th of Jan. 
1822, and the 20th of Feb. 1822: extracted from the London Gazette. 


ae 


BANKRUPTCIES, [this Month 116.] 
Solicitors’ Names are in Parentheses. 


ABDERSON, J. Liverpool, oil-merchant. (Lowe 
and Co. attornies. 

Allsup, C. High Holborn, hatter. (Pearce and Co. 

Andrews, T. W. Stamford, Lincolnshire, cabinet- 
maker. (Wright. 

Atkinson, M. Fulbeck, Lincolnshire, scrivener. 
(Taylor. 

Axford, T. Abingdon, wine-merchant. (Nelson. 

Baker, T. Wolverhampton, mercer. (Williams 
and Co. 

Banting, J. Cumberiand-street, New-road, carpen: 
ter. (Williams and Co. 

Bilsborough, B. Lower Merton, cow-keeper. (Ro. 
binson. 


Blackley, D. Cambridge, bricklayer. (King. 

Bond, W. Houndsditch, wafer-manufacturer. 
(Knight and Co. 

Bostock, E. Earl Shilton, Leicestershire, bleacher, 

(Holme and Co. 

Bramwell, J. Leadenhall-street, hatter. (Shelton 
and Co. 

Buckland, J. Chard, Somerset, miller. 

Bullock, J, Leadenhall-st. grocer, (Smit) 

Burgie, J. Mark-lane, carpenter. (Leigh. 

Capon, J. Strand, hatter. (M‘Michael. 

Collins, W. Clapham-road, corn-mercht. (Reeve. 

Chinnock, RK. Froame Selwood, Somerset, builder. 


Hine. 
& Co. 


(Jeyes. 
Coldman,J. Brighton-place, New Kent-road, car- 
penter. (Meymoit. 
Colling, W. K. Liverpool, tax-collector. (Wheeler. 
Compte, 


1822.] 


Compte, H. Church-street, Bethnal-green, cabinet- 
maker. (Clift. ; 
Cramp, J. Broad-street, Wapping, victualler. (Hall 


and Co. 
Curling, W. Shadwell High-street, tailor and slop- 
seller. (Unwin> 
Dansey, W. Bristol, brewer. (Dix. 
Decker, G. Dawlish, Devon, builder. (Brutton, 
Dye, R. Peckham, wheelwright. (Dixon. 
Edmunds, E. Newport, Monmouthshire, draper. 
(Pearson. 
Edwards, T. Brighton, merchant. (Wame. 
Farmer, G. jun. Birmingham, roller of metals. 
(Holme and Co. 
Fell, W. Workington, broker. (Falcon. 
Gallon, T. Leeds, stuff-merehant. (Mackinson. 
Gilbert I. and F. Taylor, Bristol, commission- 
merchants. (Evans. 
Gibb, M. Shepton, Yorkshire, haberdasher. (Par- 
nall and Co. 
Gray, C. Oxford-street, horse-dealer. (Hall. 
Gray, T. T. Wardour-st. coal-merckt. (Evrington. 
Green, C. Leather-lane, victualler. (Vaudercorn 
and Co. 
Griffiths, T. Oxford-st. jeweller. (Appleby & Co. 
Hay, S. Upper Lisson-street, carpenter. (Carlon. 
Hemming, J. Burford, Oxfordshire. dealer. (King. 
Herrington, J. Fareham, Hampshire, linen-draper. 
_ (Hicks and Co. > 
Hill, J. Regent-street, Piccadilly, tailor. (Rice. 
Hobson, R. Maidstone, haberdasher. (Ashurst. 
Holmes, R. Langbourn Chambers, mercht.(Hewett. 
Jabert, R. Birmingham, printer. (Meyrick and Co. 
Jackson, W.G. and W. Hardley, Great Surrey-st. 
Surrey, linen-drapers. (Jones. 
Jarvis, T. Adderbury, Oxfordshire, fell-monger. 
(Chilton. = 
Johnson, M. Leeds, woollen-cloth mercht.( Wilson. 
Joselin,J . jun. Smith’s-buildings, Southwark, rope- 
maker. (Turner. - 
Judd, R.R. and B.S. Fowler, Birmingham, dea- 
lers. (Clarke and Co. 
Kendall, J. Mile-end, cow-keeper. (Burnley & Co. 
King, R, Coventry-court, Haymarket. (Carlon. 
Knibbs, J. H. Lloyd’s Coffee-house, insurance- 
_broker. (Passmore. - 
Knight, J. Tatenhill, Stafford, draper. (Cookney. 
Lea, C. Cheswardine, Shropshire, maltster. (Hicks. 
Lidbetter, T. Southwick, Sussex, corn and coal- 
merchant. (Gregson and Co. 
Lilley, N, Leeds, linen-manufacturer. (Holme 


and Co. 
‘Lilwall, R. Pembroke, maltster. (Bell. 
Manning, T. Foulsham, Norfolk, grocer. (Longdill. 
Marsh. T. Coulton, Staffordshire, miller (Lewes 


and Co. : 
Maxwell, W. Lancaster, draper. (Blackstock 
and Co. 
Milnes, J. Halifax, grocer. (Wigglesworth. 
Morgan, G. M. Queenhithe, stationer. (Collins. 


Bankrupts and Dividends. 


173 


Passmore, J. Farnham, linen-tlra per. (Holine & Co, 

Pigram, J, and T.R. Maidstone, grocers. (Amory 
and Co. 

Pilsbury, L. Stafford, nureeryman. (Wricht. 

Pilstow, J. Earl’s Colne, Essex, miller. (Wilson. 

Pooley. W. Newington-workhouse, contractor for 
the rope and sacking manufacturers. (Orme. 

Porter, S. London, stationer. (Vizard and Co. 

Pownall, J. E. Little Chelsea, money-scrivener. 
Gains. 

Price, J. Little Malvern, Worcestershire, dealer. 

ead. 

Prowse, T. Chew Magna, Somersetshire, surgeon. 
(Edmunds. 

Pyne, W.H. Queen-square, publisher. (Sandan. 

Righton,J.Chapel-en-le-Frith, dealer. (Lingerd. 

Ridgway, R. B. H. Charles-street, St. James’s, 
wine-merchant. (Allen. 

Ropci, A. Gosport, brewer. (Dyne. 

Sampson, D W. Giltspur-st. tea-dealer.(Gellibrand. 

Sharp, W. Coleorton, Leicestershire, butcher. 
(Baxter. 

Shirley, J. Mereton, Gloucestershire, baker. (Tay- 
lor and Co. 

Small, T. Alnwick, brewer. (Meggison and Co. 

Smith, A. King-street, Cheapside, Scotch-factor. 
(Batsford. 

Smith, W. Blyth, Northumberland, dealer. (Grace. 

Smith, R. Humberton, Yorkshire, dealer and chap- 
man. (Spence. 

Smith, J. Russell-court, Drury-lane, tavern-keeper. 
(Scargill. 

Stead, W. Halifax, merchant. (Battye. 

Stevens, J. Stafford, wine-merchant. (Leigh. 

Swann, T. Wardour-street, eating-house-keeper. 
(Richardson. 

Sylvester, T. Witney, currier. (Bigg. 

Tanban, T. Prince Edward’s Island, N. America, 
merchant. (Raine and Co. 

Tatner, C. Horton Kirby, Kent, farmer. ‘Collins, 

Taylor, J. Frant, Sussex, shop-keeper. (Jones & Co. 

Thompson, C. Deans, Durham, cattle-dealer. (Bell 


and Co. 

Thompson, J. Carlisle, manufacturer. (Mountsey 
and Co. 

Thornley, J. Manchester, hatter. (Makinson. 

Threlfall, H. Blackburn, draper. (Milne and Co. 

Thurbon, J. March, Ely,draper. (Meredith. 

Tomlinson, R. J. Bristol, oi] of vitriol-manufactu- 
rer. (Clarke and Co. 

Tutin, R. Chandos-street, Covent-garden, cheese- 
monger. (Hutchinson. 

Urmson, J. Liverpool, ship-chandler. (Chester. 

Valentine, R. Hatfield, Herts, miller. (Bond. 

Wasbrough, M Camberwell, stationer. (Abraham. 

Watkins, J. J. Shadwell, butcher. (Townson. 

Weetch, S. George-street, Commercial-toad, linen- 
draper. (Swains and Co. 

Wells, J. St. Michael’s, Worcestershire, grocer. 
(Stevenson and Co. 


Melenschy, G. Strand, furrier. 
Morton, J. Radcliffe-highway, 
ley and Co. 


Murcott, A. Warwick, draper. (Meyrick & Co. 
Mynn, W. Thompson, Norfolk, farmer. 

i (Bennett. 
Niblett, F. St. Mary Axe, milliner. 
. L. and T. Roberts, Birchin- 


Newman, C. Brighton, dealer. 
Parker, J. G. and 
lane. (Lane and Co. 


Alport, [. R. Birmingham. 
Anderson, A. Salter’s-hall-court. 
Andrews, J. sen. Birmingham. 
Andrews,J. Manchester. 

ong A. Great Chapel-street, 


Soho. 

nith, T., D. Bermondsey, and 
Ang T. Mellish, New Kent-road. 
Avery, J. Barnstaple. 
Baines, 8. Leicester. 
Baillie, @. and J, Jaffray, Fins- 
Se er 
Beasley. RK. G. Austin-friars. 
Beckett, R. Westbury, Wilts. 
Bell, W. Horncastle, Lineo!nsh. 
Birch, J. Manchester. 

irth, J. Chapel-en-le-Frith, 


Pearce and Co. 
ictualler, 


(Oak 


(Barber. 
(Warrand. 


(Birkett. 


chants. 


DIVIDENDS. 


Derbyshire. 

Bowler, W. and J. Warburton, 
Castle-street, Southwark. 

Bristow, R. jun. Lloyd’s Coffee- 
house. 

Brown, E. and T. Hindle, Black- 
burn. 

Bryant, J. Liverpool. 

Burfield, W.andJ. Browne, Nor- 
wich. 

Bysh, J. Paternoster-row. 

Chillingworth, T. Redditch, 
Worcestershire, 

Cloutman, J. Curtain-road. 

Colbeck, T. Fewston, Yorkshire. 

Cleugh, J. and — Leadenhall-st. 

Coates, J, Worcester. 


White, J. Great Winchester-street, stationer. (As» 
pinall and Co. 

Wilson, G. Radcliff-highway. brewer. 

Wilson, J. Ely, miller. 

Wilhams, W. 


wethmaes (Cranch. 
1 . 


Langbourn Chambers, merchant. 


Williams, E. Liverpool, joiner. (Blackstock & Co. 
Wilkinson, W. an 
(Clarke. 


J. Mincing-lane, wine-mer~ 


Crane, S. and H. Stratford. 

Cross, W. Worcester, and Lom- 
bard-street. 

Crowther, J. Huddersfield. 

Cummins, J. Gloucester. 

Dawson, R. Norwich. 

Docker, J. Great Russell-street, 
Coyent-garden. 

Edwards, I. Warininster. 

Ellis, C. Girmingham. 

England, G. Exeter. ; 

Essex, M. W/ood-st. Cheapside. 

Etches, J. Bury St. Edmunds. 

Evershed, W. Tooley-street. 

Fincham, R. W.and B. Epping- 

Finlay, T. H. Whittle-hills, Lan- 
casbire. if 

Fox, 


174 


Fox, R. Great Queen-street, Lin- 
coln’s Inn-fields. 

Fry, G. Tunbridge Wells. 

Gompertz, A. Great Winchester- 
street. 

Gordon, J. Liverpool. 

Green, J. Oxford-street. 

Grinstead, C. and J. Lanham, 
Horsham 

Groning, R. Broad-st. Buildings. 

Hacket, J. Bredon-on-the-Hill, 
Leicestershire. ; 

Hailstone, W. Mildenhall. 

Hancock, W. Bury St. Edmunds. 

Handley, W.Stretion-en-le-Field, 
Derbyshire. 

Hanne, J. Bath. 

Harrison, W., W. Gorst, W. 
Harrison, 8. Cooke, and J. I’. 
Harrison, Tower-street. 

Heap, J. and W. Kirkburton, 

orkshire. 

Hewett, B. and Co. Nantwich. 

Hirst, T. N. and J. Wood, Hud- 
dersfield. 

Hooper, J. Tooley-strect. 

Hornby, B. Bernard-street. 

Holmes, J.Neweastle-v pon-Tyne. 

Humphreys, S. Charlotte-stieet, 
Portland-plaee. 

Hutchinson, W. St. John:street, 
Smithfield. 

Josling, N. Bexley Heath, Kent. 

Irving J. Carlisle. 

Jackson, H. Great Prescot-street. 

Jent, T. Piceadilly. 

Johnson, W. Hey bridge, Essex. 

Johnson, A. Palmer’s Viilage, 
Westminsier, 

Johnston, J. Queen-st. Cheapside. 

Jones, J. and J. H. Lambeth and 
Kent-road. 

Jones, A. W. New Brentford. 


POLITICAL AF 


Political Affairs in February. 


Jones, T. St. John-st. Sinitifield. 

Kemp, W. Bith. 

Ker, T. Strand. 

Lavgford, J. Milk-st. Cheapside. 

Langhorn, H. Bueklersbury, and 
W. Brailstord. 

Lavender, J. Leominster. 

Leech, J.and J. Hinchliffe, Cat- 
eaton-street. 

Lewis, W. and J. A. Henderson, 
Little Tower-hill. 

Lewis, J. Three Kings’-court, 
Lombard-street. 

Marsey, E. Eccleston, Lancaster. 

Mead, T. Sandwich. 

Middleditch, G. Bury St. Ed- 
monds. 

Miller, J. Watling-street. 

Miller, R. Old Fish-street. 

Miller, 8. Emsworth, Hants. 

Morris, J. Upholland. 

Morris, E. Redditch, Worcester. 

Mott, W. Brighton. 

Mow bery, A. and J. Wetherell, 
Darlington, Thirsk, and 
Lothbury bankers. 

M‘Donnell, B. and J. and J, 
Bushell, Broad-street. 

Murdock, J.and Co. Nottingham. 

Needes, J. Brick-lane, Spitalfields 

Nichol, J. and W. Old Jewry. 

Nichols, J. Earsham, Norfolk. 

Ockley, V. Ferrington, Norfolk. 

Phillips, H. and Co. Birmingham 

Pitt, J. Cheltenhain. 

Plaskett, J. Dockhead. 

Rawlins, T. Whitehaven. 

Rayner, J. D. Bow. 

Read, E. and T. Baker, Great 
Russell-street, Bloomsbury, 

Reid, D. Prince’s-st. Spitaltields. 

Richardson, A. York-street, and 


[March 1, 


T. Welch, Cleycland-stieet, 
Mury-le-bone. 
Richardson, T. Iron Acton, Glou- 
cestershire. 
Richmond, T. Nottingham. 
Roper, W. P London, 
Schmaeck, F. E.&A, Bury-court, 
St. Mary Axe. 
Sedgwick, M. London. 
Shard, F. Liverpool. 
Sherwood, M_ Doncaster. 
Shingles, S. Baxinghall-street. 
Slater, J. Marke-street, Milbank. 
Sowerby, J. W. Fish-street-liil. 
South, J. Fulham. 
Snugex,J. W. A. and J. Walley, 
ime-street.  « 
St. Barbe, J. Austin friars. 
Siaham, P. and G. Shakes, ear, 
Pall-mall. 
Sommer, (. (. Hillingdon. 
Syme, G. Vine-street, Minories. 
Thomas, D. London-st. Green- 


wich. 
Thompson, W. and P. B.rber, 
Dean-street, Southwark? 
Thompson, 8. T. Cannon street. 
Thompson, I. Keeckle Grove, 
Cumberland. 
Thurkle, C. M. New-st.-square. 
Tollervey, K. Westbourse, Sus: 
sex. 
Treadway, T. Sloane s!reet. 
Wall, R. Devon. 
Wetton, J. and Co. Wood-street. 
Wilson, G. Liverpool. - 
Wilson, W. R. Crown-court, 
Broad-street. 
Williams, J. Bishopsgate-street. 
Wishey, J. Thachkstead, E-sex. 
Woolrich, G. & J. Spital-square. 
Wetherspoun, M. Liverpool. 


FAIRS IN FEBRUARY. 


GREAT BRITAIN. 
N the 5th of February, the King 
opened the Session of Parliament 
with the following speech :— 
“« My Lords and Gentlemen, 

“1 have the satisfaction of informing you, 
that I continue to receive from Foreign 
Powers the strongest assurances of their 
friendly disposition towards this country. 

“ Tt is impossible for me not to feel deeply 
interested in any event that may have a ten- 
dency to disturb the peace of Europe. My 
endeavours have, therefore, been directed, in 
conjunction with my Allies, to the settlement 
of the differences which have unfortunately 
arisen between the Court of St. Petersburgh 
and the Ottoman Porte; and I have reason 
te entertain hopes that these differences will 
be satisfactorily adjusted. : 

“In my late visit to Ireland, I derive the 
most sincere gratification from the loyalty 
and attachment manifested by ail classes of 
iny subjects. 

“‘ With this impression, it must be matter 
of the deepest concern to me, that a spirit of 
outrage, which has led to darimg and sys- 
tematic violations of the law, has arisen, 
and still prevails in some parts of that country. 
I am determined to use all the means in my 
power for the protection of the persons and 


property of my loyal and peaceable subjects. 
And it will be for your immediate considera - 
tion, whether the existing laws are sufficient 
for this purpose. 

“ Notwitistanding this serious interruption 
of public tranquillity, I have the satisfaction 
of believing that my presence in Ireland bas 
been productive of very beneficial effects, 
and all descriptions of my people may confi- 
dently rely uponséhe just and equal adminis- 
tration of the laws, and upon my paternal 
solicitude for their welfare. 

“ Gentlemen of the House of Commons, 

“It is very gratifying to me to be able to 
inform you, that during the last year the 
Revenue has exceeded that of the preceding, 
and appears to be in a course of progressive 
improvement. 

“1 have directed the Estimates of the cur- 
rent year to be laid before you. They have 
been framed withevery attention to economy 
which the circumstances of the country - will 
permit; and it will be satisfactory to you to 
learn, that I have been able to make a large 
reduction in our Annual Expen ‘iture, parti- 
cularly in our Naval and Military establish- 
meats. 

“¢ My Lords and Gentlemen 

“ T have the greatest pleasure in acquaint- 
ing you that a considerable improvement has 

taken 


1822. ] 


taken place in the course of the last year, in 
the Commerce and Manufaciures of the Unit- 
ed Kingdom, and that I can now state them 
to be, in their important branches, in a very 
flourishing condition, I must at the same 
time deeply regret the depressed state of the 
Agric:ltural Interest. The condition of an 
interest so essentially connected with the 
prosperity of the country, will of courseattract 
your early attention ; and I have the fullest 
reliance on your wisdom in the consideration 
Of this important subject. 

“1 am persuaded that, in whatever mea- 
Sures you may adopt, you will bear constant- 
ly in mind, that in the maintenance of our 
public credit, all the best interests of this 
kingdom are equally involved : and that it is 
by asteady adherence to that principle that 
we have attained, and can alone expect to 
preserve, our bigh station amongstihe rations 
of the world.” 


On the motion for the address iu the 
House of Commons, an amendment 
proposed by Sir F. BuRDETT, was 
negatived by 186 to 58. And another 
by Mr. Humr, was negatived by 171 
to 89. But the debate was distinguished 
by a most luminous speech from Mr. 
HwuMk, on the extravagance of the 
public expenditure. 

On the 11th, Mr. Brougham pro- 
posed a resolution for the reduction of 
taxation, in one of the ablest speeches 
ever lieard in Parliament, but the pre- 
vious question was carricd by 2i2 to 
108. 

On the 13th, Sir R. Wilson moved 
for the papers connecied with his extra- 
ordinary deeanol from the army with- 
ont trial or charge, but they were re- 
fused by 199 to 97. 

On the 15th, the Marquess of Lon- 
donderry brought forward the minis- 
terial plans for relief, which consisted 
in lending five millicns of exchequer 
bills to parishes, on thie credit of their 
poor’s rates, of an abatement of Is. 
per bushel on the malt tax, and ofa 
reduction of the five per cent. stock to 
four per cent. 

On the 21st Lord AUTHORPE moved 
a resolution for a reduction of taxation, 
which was lost by 234 to 126. 

Bills, conferring extra powers on 
the government of Ireland, to enable it 
to palliate, instead of healing the dis- 
contents of that country ; and an expo- 
sition of the oppressive treatment of 
Mr. Wunt, in Ilchester Goal, have con- 
stituted the other chief business of 
Parliament. 

Ireland continues in an insurrectional 
state, and murders and conflagrations 
cover the south-western counties. 


Political Affuirsin February. 


175 
Military force and special commissions 
have been employed, but we have not 
yet heard of any commission to enquire 
into the causes, and by removing them, 
to restore permanent peace. 

Cotinty meetings of landed proprie- 
tors and agriculturists have taken place 
in Norfolk, Suffolk, Surrey, Devon- 
shire, and other counties, and many 
patriotic speeches made, and energetic 
resolutions passed, relative to the uni- 
versal distress of the country; but on 
this subject we refer onr readers to the 
first article in this Magazine. 

A variety of papers connected with 
the revenue and expenditure, have 
been laid before Parliament, but so 
confused, that one decument makes a 
SURPLUS of income over . expendi- 
ture of 5,260,2451.—another makes it 
1,447,5801.—and a third, 2,671,6761. 

Mr, Hume states the Revenne and 
Expenditure for four years, as under: 

THE REVENUE. 


1817 — — £58,000,000 
1818 = 57,000,000 
1819 ae 57,000,000 
1820 mi 57,000,000 
THE EXPENDITURE, 
1817 ae £73,062,000 
1818 os 72,200,000 
1819 =e 73,600,000 
1820 a 74,900,000 


So that the total income of four years, ex-_ 
clusive of loans, was 235,768,462I., and 
the expenditure for the same period, exclu- 
sive of the sinking fund, was 231,285,776L., 
leaving a surplus revenue of 4,482,6841. 

ln 1817 the Treasury stated the interest 
of the funded debt at 29,000,000]., and, 
with the charges of management and inte- 
rest on Excheyuer bills, made it 


In 1817 — £31,266,000 
1818 ae 31,351,000 
1819 ne 30,792,000 
1820 23 31,252,000 


But the following is the official ac- 
count of the Net Public Income of the 
United Kingdom in the year ended the 
5th January, 1822, and of the Expen- 
diture within the same period: 

Branches of Revenue. Net Income. 


£ s. d. 
Customs 9,837,279 8 114 
Excise 27,929,832 12 3f 
Stamps 6,552,253 6 11 
Post. office 1,448,076 18 5 
Taxes : 7,719,228 17 8! 
Hackney Coaches 23,097 10 11 
Hawkers and Pedlars 28,930 0 0 
One Shilling and Six- 
pence Duty, and Duty 
on Pensions 78,624 1 9} 
Se'zures, Proffers, Fines 
and Forfeitures 6,528 6 0 


72 


176 Political Affairs in February. [March I, 


‘Crown Lands 

Alienation Duty 

Arrears of Property Tax 

Imprest and other Mo- 
nies repaid 


Interest on Contracts for 


the Redemption of 
Land-tax : 
Contributions from Per- 
sons holding Offices 
Surplus Receiptson Lot- 
tery after Payment of 
Prizes : 
Money paidinto the Ex- 
chequer by the Com- 
missioners for issuing 
Bills for PublicWorks 
Money repaid in Ire- 
land on account of 
Advances from the 
Consolidated Fund, 
under various Acts 
for Public Improve- 
ment 
Proceeds of Old Naval 
Stores 5 ‘ 


966 13 4 
4,564 8 8 
30,782 4 1 


181,022 3 5% 


447 10 9} 
20 0 0 


175,154 10 2 


159,000 0 0 


97,149 13 13 


260,000 0 0 


54,542,958 6 8 
Heads of EXPENDITURE. Net Expend. 


Dividends, Interest and 
Managet. of thePublic 
Fund. Debt, exclusive 
of 17,058,7731. Os. 3d. 
issued to the Commis- 
sioners for the Reduc- 
tion of the National 


£ ord: 


Debt : 29,438,380 12 4 


Interest on Exchequer- 
bills and Irish Trea- 
sury-bills, exclusive 
of 441,0001. for Sink- 
ing Fund 

Civil List 

Pensions charged by Act 
of Parliament uponthe 
Consolidated Fund 


Salaries & Allowances do. 
Officers of Cts.of Just. do. 


2,015,617 2 9f 
1,071,758 16 93 


359,600 11 3! 
68,618 5 53 
‘ 61,979 15 10 


Expences ofthe Mint do. 14,760 0 0 
Bounties do. 2,956 13. 8 
Miscellaneous do. 155,207 18 3 
Do. Ireland do. 184,845 7 7 
Army 8,941,354 5 1 
‘Navy - 6,647,799 $§ 8 
Ordnance 1,092,292 4 93 
Miscellaneous 2,492,241 1 2! 
Paid to the Bank of Eng- 


Yand more than receiv- 
ed from them to make 
up their Balance on 
Account of Unclaim- 
,ed Dividends 
Amount retained by the 
Bank for Discount 
upon prompt Payt. 
and for their Allow- 


7,997 11 9 


ance for receiving the 
Loan, Anno 1819 137,659 12 6 


Total Public Expendi- 
ture, exclusive of the 
Sums applied to the 
Redemption of Debt 52,693,069 4 113 

Advances in the nature 
of Loans to be here- 
after repaid :— 

By the Commissioners 
for issuing Exchequer 
bills under the act 57 
Geo. III. for the 
Employment of the 
Poor £205,650 00. 

Advances out of the 
Consolidated Fund in 
Treland, for Public 
Works 196,658 11 93 


402,308 11 93 


— 


Total 4 53,095,377 16 9f 


Surplus of Income over 


Expenditure 1,447,580 9 105 


£54,542,958 6 8 


The Bank of England Notes in cir- 
culation, were on the 12th of February 
18,922,430]. or two millions less than 
in June. 

The following statement of the Popula- 
tion of the several counties of Great 
Britain, in the years 1801, 1811, and 
1521, has been laid before Parliament. 


ENGLAND. 

Counties. | —‘1801. 1811. 1821. 
Bedford 63,393 70,213 83,716 
Berks 109,215 118,277 131,977 


Buckingham 107,444 117,650 134,068 
Cambridge 89,346 101,109 121,909 
Chester 191,751 227,031 270,098 
Cornwall ‘188,269. 216,667 257,447 
Cumbesland 117,230 133,744 156,124 


Derby 161,142 185,487 213,333 
Devon 343,001 383,308 439,040 
Dorset 115,319 124,693 144,499 
Durham _—160,361 177,625 207,673 
Essex 226,437 252,473 289,424 


Gloucester 250,809 285,514 335,843 
Hereford 89,191 94,073 103,231 
Hertford 97,557 111,654 129,714 
Huntingdon 37,568 42,208 48,771 
Kent 307,624 373,095 426,016 
Lancaster 672,731 828,309 1,052,859 
Leicester 131,081 150,419 174,571 
Lineoln 208,557 237,891 283,058 
Middlesex 818,129 953,276 1,144,531 
Monmouth 45,582 62,127 71,833 
Norfolk 273,371 291,999 344,368 
Northampton 131,757 141,353 163,483 
Northumbld. 157,101 172,161 198,965 
Nottingham 140,350 162,900 186,873 
Oxford * 109,620 119,191 134,327 

Rutland 


1822.] 


Rutland 16,3386 16,380 18,487 
Salop 167,639 194,298 26,266 
Somerset 273,750 303,180 355,314 
Southampton 219,656 245,080 282,293 
Stafford 239,153 295,153 341,824 
Suffolk 210,431 234,211 270,542 
Surrey 269,043 323,851 398,658 
Sussex 159,311 190,083 252,927 
Warwick 208,190 228,735 274,392 
Westmorland 41,617 45,922 51,359 
Wilts 185,107 193,828 222,157 
Worcester 139,333 160546 184,424 
York, ER. 139,433 167,353 190,709 
——N.R. 155,506 152,445 183,694 
——- W.R. 563,953 653,315 800,548 


Totals 8,331,434 9,538,827 11,260,555 


WALES. 

Anglesea 33,806 37,054 45,063 
Brecon 31,633 37,735 43,613 
Cardigan’ 42,956 50,260 57,311 
Carmarthen 67,317 77,217 90,239 
Carnarvon 41,521. 49,336 57,958 
Denbigh, . 60,352 64,240 76,511 
Flint 39,622 46,518 53,784 
Glamorgan 71,525 85,067 101,737" 
Merioucth 29,506 30,924 ~—-33,911 
Montgomery 47,978 51,931 59,899 
Pembroke 56,280 60,615 74,009 
Radnor 19,050 20,900 23,073 


ee 

Totals 541,546 611,788 717,108 

: SCOTLAND. 

Aberdeen 123,082 135,075 155,141 
Argyll 71,859 85,585 96,165 
Ayr 84,306 103,954 127,299 
Banff 35,807 36,668 43,561 
Berwick 30,621 30,779 33,385 
Bute 11,791 12,033 13,797 
Caithness 22,609- 23,419 30,238 
Clackmanan 10,858 12,010 13,263 
Dumbarton 20,710 24,189 27,317 
Dumfries 54,597 62,960 70,878 
Edinburgh 122,954 148,607 191,514 
‘Elgin 26,705 28,108 31,162 
Fife 93,743 101,272 114,556 
Forfar. 99,127 107,264 113,430 
Haddington 29,986 31,164 35,127 
Inverness 74,292 78,336 90,157 
Kincardine 26,349 27,439 29,118 
Kinross 6,725 |. —7;245 7,762 
Kirkcudbright29,211 33,684 38,903 
Lanark 146,699 191,752 244,387 
Linlithgow 17,844 19,451 22,685 
Nairn 8,257 8,251 9,006 
me heey ¢ 46,824 46,153 53,124 
Peebles 8,735 9,935 10,046 


Incidents in and near London. 


177 
Perth 126,366 135,093 139,050 
Rentrew 78,056 92,696 112,175 
Ross and ? -: y 
Cromarty 55,343 60,853 68,828 
Roxburgh 33,682 37,230 40,892 
Selsirk 5,070 5,889 6,637 
Stirling 50,825 58,174 63,331 
Sutherland 23,117 —23,629 23,840 
Wigtown 22,918 , 26,891 35,240 


Totals 1,599,068 1,805,688 2,092,014 
SUMMARY. 

England 8,231,434 9,538,827 11,260,555 

Wales 541,546 611,788 717,108 

Scotland 1,599,068 1,805,688 2,092,014 


10,472,048 11,956,303 14,069,677 
Army, Na- 
vy, &e. 


470,598 640,500 310,000 


10,942 646 12,596,803 14,379,677 
Being an increase in the two last returns of 
18 per cent. on England; of 17} on Scot- 
land, and 15 on Wales ! 

There doubtless has been an increase, 
but not in this proportion, each return 
being more perfect than the former, and, 
therefore, augmenting the number. Only 
seven returns are deficient in 1821. 

In 1821, in the Isle of Man 40,081; 
Island of Guernsey (and its dependent 
Islets) 20,827; Island of Jersey 28,600 ; 
and Scilly Isles 2,614; in all 92,122 inha- 
bitants. 


FOREIGN AFFAIRS. 

In France we are grieved to perceive 
that the ultra-royalist faction have 
prevailed in the legislature, and carried 
all their arbitrary laws against the 
liberty of the press. 

Russia, it is now said, seriously me- 
naces Turkey; but in the meantime 
the wretched Greeks, in their unequal 
contest for liberty, are sacrificed by 
thousands. 

Every attempt of the royalists to 
disturb Spain has failed; and Spanish 
and Portuguese liberty seem to be con- 
solidated. Trial by Jury, with pro- 
visions to secure the independent choice 
of jurors ; and the total suppression of 
the iniquitous slave trade, are among 
the measures of recent adoption. 

Callao having surrendered to General 
San Martin, the independence of all 
South America may be considered as 
settled. 


INCIDENTS, MARRIAGES, Aanp DEATHS In AnD NEAR LONDON, 
With Biographical Memoirs of distinguished Characters recently deceased. 
a 


CHRONOLOGY OF THE. MONTH. 
“gau.31, A COURT of Common Council 
was held this day, for spe- 
cially taking into consideration the report 
of the committee on the attack of Mr. She- 
Montiity Maa. No. 365. 


riff Waithman, at Knightsbridge. The re- 
port was agreed to, and a petition to the - 
House of Commons was ordered to be pre- 

sented by the Sheriffs. J 
eb. 2. The metropolis was this night 
Z visiled 


178 


visited by a violent hurricane, Several 
trees, in the neighbourhood of London, 
were torn up by the roots, and serious da- 
mage done to many houses, chimnies, 
windows, and out-buildings. 

—4. A numerous and highly-respecta- 
ble meeting of the freeholders of Surrey, 
was held this day, at Epsom, for taking 
into consideration ‘the present agricultural 
distress, and the means of relief. A peti- 
tion to Parliament was agreed on; but some 
discussion taking place, as to the admissa- 
bility of a clause on reform, a requisition 
was afterwards presented to the Sheriff, to 
convene a county meeting for considering 
*€ the distressed state of agriculture, and a 
reform in Parliament.” 

— 8. Mr. Ald. Wood presented a peti- 
tion to the House of Commons, from the son 
of Mr. Hunt, now in Ilchester gaol. The 
petitioner complained that he had been 
prevented from visiting his father. Mr. 
Ald. Wood also stated, that Mr. H. was 
placed at an iron grating, and allowed to 
see his frieuds only a short time in each 
day. An auimated discussion then took 
place, after which the petition was read, 
and ordered to be printed. 

— 13. A numerous and respectable meet- 
ing of the inhabitants of Westminster was 
held this day, to petition Parliament on the 
distresses of the country, and on Parlia- 
mentary reform. Among the gentlemen 
present, were Sir F. Burdett, M.-P., Mr. J. 
C. Hobhouse, M.P., Messrs. Whitbread, 
G. Bennett, Hume, Palmer, Mr. Wyvill, 
and other members of Parliament, and elec- 
tors of the city.. An energetic and com- 
prehensive petition was agreed on. 

— 18. A meeting of the freeholders and 
inhabitants of Surrey was held at Epsom 
this day, pursuant to adjournment, to peti- 
tion Parliament on Reform. The High 
Sheriff, J. Spicer, esq., was in the chair. 
Mr. Leech proposed the petition, and 
strongly maintained that the distresses of 
the country were caused by an overwhelm- 
ing taxation, and that a reformed Parlia- 
ment could alone tend to remove this bur- 
then. Lord Ellenborough opposed the 
views of the former speakers, and proposed 
an amendment, amidst loud and frequent 
interruption. Mr. Denison was well re- 
ceived, but his colleague, Mr. Sumner, ex- 

erienced a very uncourteous reception. 

r. Bennett, Mr. Maberly, and Mr. Cob- 
bett, severally addressed the meeting ; and 
the petition was unanimously adopted. 

~-— Several of the friends of Mr. Hunt 
met at the Paul’s Head, Cateaton-street, 
to take into consideration his “ solitary 
confinement-in Ilchester Gaol.” A series 
of resolutions were passed, condemning 
the conduct pursued towards Mr. Hunt, 
tnd a petition to the House of Commons 
was agreed upon. 


Marriages in and near London. 


{March |, 


The Fox Club in London have recently 
resolved to erect a statue to the memory 
of the late Mr. Perry, of the Morning 
Chronicle, for his services and steady ad- 
herence to the Fox principles. 

During the last month several labourers 
have been employed in clearing away 
some very ancient rubbish in the Borough 
Compter, for the purpose of making a com- 
mon sewer. In digging up the foundation 
they discovered several old gold coins of 
the early reigns of the Henrys, some sil- 
ver coin of Charles I, and Queen Elizabeth, 
in a very perfect state, and pieces of curi- 
ously wrought iron, which are supposed 
to be fragments of armour, and which 
several ‘competent judges have declared to 
be of Danish workmanship, The Danes 
had an encampment on this spot, and St. 
Olave’s parish was, it is said, named after 
their leader, St. Olaf the Dane. 

MARRIED. 

John Farey, jun. esq. of Howland-street, 
Fitzroy-square, to Miss Taylor. 

Mr. Rees, of Chatham, Kent, to Mrs. M- 
Hughes, widow of the late L. H. esq. of 
Blackfriars: 

Mr. John Barnes, of Lloyd’s Coffee- 
house, to Beatrice Anne, eldest daughter 
of the late Thomas Clarke, esq. 

Alexander Barton, esq. to Margaret, 
youngest daughter of the late Alexander 
Barclay, esq. of Brompton. - 

Mr. Henry Eagles, of Billericay, to Miss 
Sarah Wilson, eldest daughter of Mrs. W. 
of Rochford. 

Mr. Huggett, of the Surrey Dispensary, 
to Elizabeth, eldest daughter of the Rey. 
T. Walker, vicar of West Hoathly, Sussex. 

The Right Hon. the Earl of Bective, to 
Olivia, relict of the late Edward Tuite 
Dalton, esq. and daughter of Sir John 
Stevenson. 

Mr. Henry John Wresthall, of Wood- 
stock-street, to Miss Mary Cottrell, of 
Norton-street, Fitzroy-square. 

At Clapton, Peter Brown, esq. surgeon, 
Salisbury-square, to Susanna, second 
daughter of the late Christopher Edelman, 
esq. of Clapton. 

Beaumont, eldest son of Mr. Marshall, 
of High Holborn, to Mary, only surviving 
daughter of the late Mr. Clarke, of Wig- 
more-street. 

Mr. Thomas Gunn, of Featherstone- 
street, to Miss Mary Shrimpton, late of 
Marlborough, Wilts. 

John Charles Hatchett, esq. only son of 
C. Hatchett, esq. of Belle-Vue-House, 
Middlesex, to Miss T. R. Rowson, of Horn- 
castle. 

Robert Farr, esq. of Lothbury, to Anne 
Maria, eldest daughter of Richard John 
Brassey, esq. of Ilford. 

Mr. R. Stevens, of Denham, to Miss 
Lucy Atkins, of Uxbridge. 

Samuel 


1822.], 


Samuel Barlow, jun, esq. of Mitcham- 
house, to Mary Anne, daughter of W. 
Slark, esq. of Clapton. 

Mr. Samuel Morgan, to Miss Barrow, 
only daughter of A. B. esq. of Tottenham. 
court Road. 

The Rev. Henry Cole, to Frances Spen- 
cer, second daughter of Lieut. Col, Siran- 
sham, Royal Marines. 

__ John Capper, esq. of Crosby-square, to 
Elizabeth, only daughter of the late Thos. 
Turnbull, esq, 

G. J. Dettmar, esq.to Harriett, daughter 
of Richard Cuerton, esq. of Whip’s Cross, 
Walthamstow. 

Count St. Martin D*’Aglie, Minister 
Plenipotentiary from the King of Sardi- 
nia, to Louisa, youngest daughter of the 
late Hon. Charles Finch. 

Mr. Wm. Stewart, of Baltimore, to.Char- 
lotte, third daughter of the Hon. Wm 
Pinckney, formerly Ambassador to the 
Court of London. 

Mr. Charles Gale, of Store-street, Bed- 
ford-square, to Mary Ann, second daugh- 
ter of Mr, Charles Jearrad, 

At Hornsey, James Guest, jun. esq, of 
Birmingham, to Martha, only child of W. 
Whitworth, esq. of Hornsey. 

Richard, youngest son of Daniel Gill, 
esq. of Rye, to Sophia, youngest daughter 
of William Rabbeth, esq, of Bedford- 
street. : 

Capt. Charles King, of the 16th Lancers, 
to Charlotte, third daughter of Thomas 
Oliver, esq. of Devonshire-place. 

The Rey. John Angel James, to Anne 
Maria, widow of the late Benjamin Neale, 
esq. 

DIED. 

In Cumberland-place, 20, Louisa, daugh- 
ter of Admiral and Lady Elizabeth Tolle 
mache. 

In Nottingham-place, Mary-le-bone, Mrs. 
Ann Frederick, relict of the late Rear-ad- 
miral Frederick. 

In Brewer-street, Golden-square, 82, 
Mrs, Hendrie. 

fn Hatton Garden, 63, W. Lincoln, esq. 

In Queen’s-row, Pentonville, 70, Mr. 
Edmund Alderson, deeply regretted by 
all who knew him. 

At Delancey-place, Camden-town, Ne- 
hemiah Spicer, esq. in his 80th year; an 
old inhabitant of that parish, regretted 
by his family and a numerous circle of 
friends. 

65, Alicia, the wife of Mr. Samuel Jack- 
son, of the Stock Exchange, and Hackney. 

In Camden-row, Peckham, Elizabeth, 
wife of Mr. Stokes. 

Elizabeth, wife of Mr. Charles Bald- 
wyn, of Newgate-street. 

At Enfield, Catherine, relict of the late 


Mr. W. Stevens, formerly of Bartholomew- 
Jane. 


Deaths in and near London. 


179 

At Shadwell, 75, Mrs, Elizabeth Rankens 
late of Mile-end. 

In St. John’s-street-road, Mr. Henry 
Stevenson, timber-merchant, leaving a 
numerous family to lament the loss of their 
only parent, 

In Hans-place, Mrs. Lance. 

At Walthamstow, Julia, youngest and 
only surviving daughter of John Meyer,esq, 

In Little James-street, Bedford-row, Mrs, 
Margaret Earle, widow of Mr. Simon E, 
late of the Minories. 

Of a lingering consumption, Maria, 
daughter of the late Thomas Macklin, pub- 
lisher of the spendid edition of the Bible. 

At Burton Crescent, John Francis, the 
infant son of John Reid, esq. 

At Hammersmith, 81, Mrs. Pring. 

At Kensington, 24, Miss Jave Pool. 

In London-fields, Hackney, 73, Samuel 
Burrows, esq. 

Mr. Charles Beswick, of the Kingsland- 
road, upwards of forty years in the service 
of Messrs. Puckle, and Co. Cornhill. 

In Gracechureh-street, to the inexpres- 
sible grief of her family and friends, Mrs, 
Stower, 43, leaying a family of nine 
children. 

Of apoplexy, Elizabeth, wife of W. M, 
Cooper, of Blackman-street, Southwark. 

Deeply regretted by all who knew her, 

After a tedious illness, Ann, wife of 
S. Plumbe, esq. surgeon, of Great Russel- 
street, Bloomsbury. 

At "Hampstead, Josephine Valentina de 


‘Roure, daughter “of Mr.J.P.de Roure, of 


Laurel-cottage, Hampstead, 

At Biggleswade, Mr. Edward Byles 
Foster, 3d son of Mr. F. of that place. 

Miss Margaret Bruce, of Southampton- 
street, Bloomsbury, only daughter of Ro- 
bert William B. esq. of Madras. 

25, Mr. Henry Baldwyn, bookseller, of 
Newgate-street, a young man of consider- 
able literary attainment, and his acquaint- 
ance with early poetry and the drama has 
been forcibly exemplified in the Retrospec- 
tive Review, to which he contributed seve- 
ral articles. 

Mr. Samuel Meredith, giass-cutter, of 
Houndsdith, after a long illness, which 
he bore with fortitude and resignation. 

In Great Eastcheap, 22, suddenly, Mr, 
Robert Fife Whyte. 

Deéply lamented, in Hans-place, 62, 
James Stirling, esq, 

After-a long severe illness, sustained 
with Christian fortitude and resignation, 
64, Ann, wife of George Hope, sen. corn- 
factor, of Wapping-street, deeply regret- 
ted by her family and friends, 

At Mile-end, Nicholas Harry Charring- 
ton, second son of N. Charrington, esq. 

Mr. Wm. Lainson, 77, father of Messrs. L, 
of Bread-street, Cheapside, much regretted 
by his numerous family, ; 

HR 


180 


_ In Howland-street, Charles Binny, esq. 
75, formerly of Madras. 

At the Cottage, Wandsworth Calico 
‘Print Works, most deservedly regretted. 
Ann Sophia, second daughter of C. A. 
Edwards, esq. 

In Upper Harley-street, William Baliol 
Best, esq. youngest son of the late G. Best, 
esq. of Chilston Park, Kent. 

At Michael’s-place, 42, John Chamiers, 
esq. 

‘Ke Pentonville, Ann, wife of Mr. C. Bar- 
nard. 

In Welbeck-street, 84, W. Adam, esq. 

In Regent-street, Elizabeth Augusta, 
ouly daughter of Mr. Joseph Fagg. 

At Greenwich, suddenly, the widow of 
Mr. George Garrick, brother of the cele- 
brated David Garrick. 

In Pall Mall, 78, Lady Bunbury, relict, 
of Sir T. C. B., bart. 

In Great Portland-street, 45, Elizabeth, 
wife of Mr, John White. 

In a fit at the Auction! Mart, 46, R. Blas- 
son, esq. of Park-place, Islington. 

In Upper Berkeley-street, Portman- 
square, 11, Sophia Catherine, eldest daugh- 
ter of the late Sir Henry Fletcher, bart. of 
Ashly Park ; she survived her father five 
months, and expired on the anniversary of 
his birth-day. 

At Romford, Mr. John Collier. 

In Down-street, Piccadilly, 84, Mrs. 
Taylor. 

At Hackney, Mr. Peter Levesque. 

After a severe illness, Sir Buchworth 
Herne Soame, of Heydon, in Essex. 

In Regent-street, 20, Frederick Salmon, 
esq. eldest son of Edward Salmon, esq. of 
‘the 3d Guards. 

In Portman-square, Mrs. 8. Shard. 

In Bedford-place, the wife of Mr. Ser- 
jeant Heywood. 

At Kennington, 63, Mr. Henry Borro- 
daile, jate of Newington Green, Middle- 
sex. 

At Great Ealing, 83, Mrs. Bligh. 

in Rockingham row, Kent-road, 69, 
George Clay, esq. 

In Burton-street, 28, Thomas Percival 
“Crawley, esq. 

74, Mr. Richard Frroughton, formerly 
‘of Drury-lane Theatre, and a respectable 
eotemporary of Garrick. 

At Guildford, Mrs. Sparkes, relict of the 
late Jon Sparkes, esq. of Gosden House, 
Bramley. 

At Esher, 90, Mr. John Scott. 

On the Harrow Road, after a long illness 
‘Edward Sellon, esq. 

In Charlotte-row, Walworth, 62, Thomas 
‘Chambers, esq. 

At Plymouth, after a short illness, Capt 
‘Sir Thomas Lavie, K.C.B. commanding his 
Majesty’s ship Spencer, of 74 guns, leay- 
ing a widow and ten children to deplore 


Sir Thomas Lavie—Mr, Hawes—Mr. Slory. 


{March 1, 


their irreparable loss. The memory of this 
highly distinguished officer will be for ever 
held dear by his surviving fellow-prisoner, 
to whom he rendered the most important 
services during his eight years captivity 
in France. He received the honour of 
knighthood on the capture, after a most 
gallant action, of the Guerriere, French 
fiigate, of 54 guns, by the Blanche, of 
inferior size, during the time Earl Grey 
was at the head of the Admiralty. In the 
next year he was cast away in the Blanche 
on the French coast, which put him in the 
power of the then ruler of France. He had 
afterwards conferred on him the distin- 
guished Order of the Bath, and was Go- 
yernor of the Royal Naval Asylum, at the 
time that establishment was put under the © 
controul of Greenwich Hospital. 

In North Audley-street, Eliza Georgiana, 
only child of Mr. John Pinder. 

In Edwardes-square, Kensington, Mr. 
Snow. 

At his house, at Tottenham High-cross, 
76, Simon Bragner, esq. 

At Boca Chica, in the island of Porto 
Rico, much and justly respected by all 
who knew him, Mr. G. Balls, late of Nor- 
folk, in Virginia, and formerly of Oxford- 
street, London. : 

Lately at Worthing, Benjamin Haves, 
esq. This benevolent gentleman was a 
native of Islington, and received a liberal 
education. He was for many years a re- 


spectable indigo- merchant in Thames- 


street, and having amassed a considerable 
fortune by great skill in business, and ex- 
emplary industry and integrity, he retired)_ 
to Worthing, where his loss will be severe- 
ly felt, and by many io whom he was an 
anonymous benefactor. His brother, the 
late lamented Dr. William Hawes, the 
founder of the Royal Huinane Society, to 
whose fund Mr. H. wasa liberal contribu- 
tor. He is also said to have offered to sa- 
crifice several thousands per annum, if 
that sum would ensure the abolition of the 
slave trade, a measure which interésted 
his philanthropic feelings throughout the 
whole of his life. He bequeathed twenty- 
four thousand pounds to be made to twen- 
ty-four public societies in London, after 
the death of a near relation. 

Lately, in Blandford-street, Pall Mall, 70, 
Charles Kuyrett, esq. after a protracted 
illness. He was long known in the musical 
world, and his high professional talents pro- 
cured him the patronage of many distin- 
guished personages. The companionable 
qualities of the late Mr. K. rendered him an 
acceptable guest to many of the nobility, 
during the musical vacations; and his merits, 
both in public and private life will long be 
remembered and esteemed by a numerous 
circle of friends. : 

Ata very advanced age, George Story, 


esq. 


1322.] 


esq. This gentleman was bred tothe bar, | 


at which he practised many years without 
any signal success, and could only obtain 
the place of commissioner of bankrupts. 
When Mr. Pitt procured the act for esta- 
blishing the six police offices, Mr. Story was 
appointed one of those magistrates, and 
fixed at the Shadwell office. At this office 
he preferred officiating, although he con- 
stantly resided at the west-end of the town. 
Here he continued to act until, by his in- 
firmities, he was unable to go such a 
distance, when he solicited, and, about 
the time of the removal of the office to 
Mary-le-bone, obtained a superannuation 
at the usual income. Mr. Story lately held 
the place of one of the Tam Quam commis- 
sioners of bankrupt. 
[Thomas Dunham Whitaker, LL.D. F.R.S. 
&c. whose death we noticed in our last, was' 
born in 1759, at the parsonage-house of 
Rainham, Norfolk, of which his father was 
then curate. He received the rudiments of 
his education from the Rev. John Shaw, of 
Rochdale ; thence he was removed to Gras- 
ington, and in 1775, to St. John’s College, 
Cambridge. He proceeded LL.B. in 1780, 
intending, at that time, to follow the civil 
law, as a profession; but in 1782, the death 
of his father transferred his residence to the 
Holme, and tbree years after he was or- 
dained deacon, and admitted to the order of 
priesthood in the year following. In 1797, 
he became perpetual curate of Holme chapel, 
_took the degree of LL.D. in 1801, was pre- 
sented to the vicarage of Whalley in 1801, 
and to that of Blackburn in 1818. He mar- 
ried Lucy, daughter of Thomas Thoresby, of 
Leeds, a relative of the celebrated antiquary 
of thatname. Asa literary man, in which 
character he is most generally known, Dr. 
Whitaker was distinguished, not less for in- 
dustry and acuteness in research, accuracy of 
reasoning and extent of knowledge, than 
warmth of imagination and vigour of style. 
To the study of English antiquities, he con- 
tributed a valuable and copious store of clas- 
sical information, and an intimate knowledge 
of such modern languages as throw most 
ight on the subject. He must also be con- 
sidered as having materially assisted in the 
revival of a school of topography, which 
was just on the verge of being extinct. From 
so degraded a state the historian of Whalley, 
Craven, and Richmondshire, has redeemed 
this interesting and important branch of study; 
and to him we are chiefly indebted, if it has, 
in modern times, been discovered that topo- 
graphy may be united, with a keen relish for 
natural beauty and the fine arts, the contem- 
plations of the moralist, the edifying pursuits 
of the chronicler of men and ages, and the 
loftiest flights of poetic genius. Dr. Whita- 
ker’s style was nervous and fluent. He ex- 
celled in the faculty of delineating the objects 
before him, with extraordinary readiness and 
fidelity, and of seizing the chief features, 


Mr. Whi haker told r. Vinee. 


18i 


whether of scenery, archifecture, or human 
character. In this respect he strongly re- 
sembled Camden, and had the custom of pub- 
lishing in a learned language prevailed in his 
time, he perhaps would not have fallen short 
of that accomplished master in his Latin 
style. Dr. Whitaker, however, had his pe- 
culiar errors. 'These may be in great part 
attributed to his characteristic warmth ; and, 
consequently, it is not to be wondered that 
his rapidity should accidentally have over- 
looked objects worthy of more notice than 
he at first sight bestowed on them. The 
theological works of Dr. W. were confined 
to occasional sermons: he, however, pos- 
sessed a superior faculty of rendering every 
literary undertaking subservient to our best 
interests, and thus presented an example which 
no clergyman should suffer to escape his view. 
His regulating principles as a divine, included 
a zealous attachment to the great cause he 
represented, and which he ably illustrated by 
his eloquent discourses, which possessed the 
same vigour and fluency of language that 
characterize all his works ; but at the same 
time, they were simple and intelligible to 
the meanest of his auditors. Dr. Whitaker 
is also the author of “ a History of the 
Original Parish of Whalley, and Honor of 
Clitheroe, in the Counties of Lancaster and 
York,” 1801, 4to., which has passed through 
three editions ; ‘‘ History of the Deanery of 
Craven,”? 1805, 4to; “ the Life and Corres- 
pondence of Sir George Ratcliffe,” 1810, 
4to; “ the History of Yorksbire,”’ folio, 
1821. The MS. for ‘‘ Richmondshire,” and 
« Lunedale,”? was completed by Dr.Whitaker, 
previous to his death. These two portions 
will be comprised in twelve numbers, forming 
two volumes. ] : 

[Lately at Ramsgate, the Rev. Samuel 
Vince, M.A. F.R.S. and Plusnian Professor 
of Astronomy and Experimental Philoso- 
phy, at Cambridge. He entered at first as 
a member of Caius College, where, in 1775, 
he obtained one of Smith’s prizes as a pro- 
ficient in mathematics. The same year he 
took his degree of A.M.and was elected 
fellow of Sydney Sussex College. He en- 
tered into holy orders,and was promoted to 
the archdeaconry of Bedford. In 1781, he 
published his first work, ‘ Elements of 
Conic Sections,” and in 1790, a “ Treatise 
ont Practical Astronomy ;” in 1790, “A 
Plan for a Course of Lectures on Natural 
Philosophy ; in 1795, “‘ The Principles of 
Fluxions,” 2 vols; and in 1796, “ The 
Principles of Hydrostatics.” For some 
years he was elected Plusnian professor. 
The lectures comprise mechanics, hydro- 
statics, optics, astronomy, and electricity. 
He soon after published a ‘ Complete Sys- 
tem of Astronomy,” 2 vols, 4to, which has 
reached to asecond edition. The “ Prin- 
ciples of Astronomy,” 1799; a ‘ Treatise 
on Trigonometry,” 1810, and some smaller 
works. He has also contributed many va- 

luable 


182 


luable papers to thePhilosophical Transac 

tions; and having long been celebrated as an 
active and intelligent astronomical writer, 
his loss will be felt in that, as well as the 
several other departments of literature, 
which he enriched by his valuable commu- 
nications. ] 


ECCLESIASTICAL PROMOTIONS, 

The Rev. Samuel Carr, Fellow of Queen’s 
College, Cambridge, elected by the parish- 
ioners perpetual curate of St. Mary Quay 
parish, Ipswich. 

The Rev. R. J. Francis, to the rectory 
of Carleton St. Mary, Norfolk, vacant by 
the death of the Rev. John Deacon. 

The Rev. G. G. Stonestreet, LL.B. to be 
domestic chaplain to the Duke of York. 

The Rev. James Hoste, M.A. to the 
vicarage of Empingwell, Rutlandshire. 

The Rev. F. Ellis, M.A. to the rectory 
of Lassam, Hants. 


Provincial Occurrences. 


[March J, 


The Rey.S. King, M.A; to the perpetual 
curacy of Lattimers, Bucks, on the resig- 
nation of the Rev. Henry Grace. 

The Rev. William Spencer Whitelock, 
clerk, master of arts, to the vicarage of 
Gedney, in the-county and diocese of 
Lincoln, void by the death of the Rev. Dr. 
Douglas. 

The very Rev. the Dean of Hereford, to 
a prebendal stall in that cathedral. 

The Rev. Henry Huntingford, LL.B. 
fellow of Winchester College, to the rec- 
tory of Hampton Bishop, near Hereford, 
void by the death of Dr. Hannington. 

' The Rev. David Williams, LL.B. second 
master of Winchester College, to the vi- 
carage of Wigmore, Hereford. 

The Rev. George Beckett, M.A. of Tri- 
nity College, Cambridge, youngest son of 
Sir John Beckett, bart. to the vicarage of 
Gainsborough and prebend of Corringham. 


PROVINCIAL OCCURRENCES, 
With all the Marriages and Deaths. 


NORTHUMBERLAND AND DURHAM. 
TREMENDOUS gale of wind was 
-lately experienced on the Tyne. The 

river was considerably swoln and agitated : 
all business on the banks was interrupted: 
persons and property were carried away. 

Married.| Mr. J. Walton, to Miss J. 
Jopling: Mr. R. Robson, of Quayside, to 
Miss M. Bell, of Percy Court: Mr. J. Har- 
vey, to Miss F. Laidler: Mr. J. Armstrong, 
to Miss S. Swan: all of Newcastle—Mr. 
J.Gould, of Gateshead, to Miss M. Mail- 
lard, of Newcastle.—Mr. J. Swan, of Sun- 
derland, to Miss J. Cameron of Bishop- 
wearmouth.—Mr. T. Morgan, to Miss 
Clarke, both of Bishop-wearmouth. —John 
Barnes, esq. of Barnardcastle, to Miss 
Jane Hawdon, of Wackerfield.— Mr. 
Parker, of Hexham, to Miss A. Nixon, of 
Unthank.—Mr. J. Forrest.to Miss M. Ains- 
ley, both of Tynemouth.—Mr. J. Clint, 
of Bent-house, to Miss M. Tolson, of 
Ropery-house, Maryport.—Mr. A. Charl- 
ton, to Miss E. M. Blake, both of Morpeth. 

Died.| At Newcastle, in Westgate, 75, 
Mrs: J. Brown.—In St. John’s-lane, at an 
advanced age, Cuthbert Teasdale, esq. 
father of the law in the North of England, 
having been admitted an attorney in the 
reign of George II.—41, Mr. S. Smithson. 
—In Percy-street, 95, Mrs. Thompson. 

At Durham, 36, Mrs. J. Loughborough. 

At North Shields, 26, Mrs. A. Robson.— 
67, Mrs. M. Pratt—74, Mr. J. Landells.— 
28, Miss M. Wolfe. —51, Mrs. R. Sander- 
son,—32, Mrs. J. Robinson. 

At Bishopwearmouth, 73, Mrs. E. Her- 
ron.—25, Mr. T. B. Davison. 


At Darlington, 70, Mr. R. Palmer.—60, 
Mr. E. Corner.—40, Mr. W. Dickenson.— 
41, Miss J. Dove. 

At Chester-le-street, 56, Mr. R. Allison. 
—87, Mrs. M. Hunnum. 

At Morpeth, 79, Mrs. Richardson. 

At Harton, 75, Mr. M. Brown, much re- 
spected.—At Tuft, Mr. P. Maughan, of 
Whinetly, much regretted —Ai East Rain- 
ton, suddenly, Mr. G. Spoors.—At Clay- 
holes, 93, Mrs. J. Elliott —At Longnewton, 
70, Mrs. J. Kirk.—At Fenwickstead, 28, 
Mr. E. W. Jameson. 

CUMBERLAND AND WESTMORELAND. 

So great astorm of rain lately happened 
in and about Carlisle, that the inhabitants 
were necessitated to pursue their out-door 
business in boats and carts. Considerable 
injury was sustained, shops and kitchens 
were filled with water; stocks in trade 
were nearly destroyed. The storm greatly 
subsided, leaving a scene hardly to be de- 
scribed. . 

The farmers and landowners of West- 
moreland, have lately forwarded a petition 
to Parliament, praying for relief from the 
overwhelming weight of taxation, and an 
alleviation of their distresses. 

Married.) Mr. D. Armstrong, to Miss 
Noble: W. J. Wilson, to Miss J. Mark: 
Mr. T. Leeman, to Miss E. Fenning: Mr. 
W. Nixon to Miss E.Smith: Mr.H.James, 
to Miss J. Pagan: Mr. R. Armstrong, to 
Miss M. Mitchell: Mr. J. Hewson, to Miss 
M. Matthews: all of Carlisle—Mr. J. 
Thompson of Carlisle, to Miss A. Winskell, 
of Penrith—Mr. J. Bowman, to Miss J. 
Robison, both of Maryport.— Mr. J. 

Fisher, 


1822.] 


Fisher, of Nunfield, to Miss 8. Atkinson, 
of Clinthead—Mr. W. Morley, to Miss H. 
Graham, both of Wetheral—Mr. A. Swe- 
denbank, of Greyrigg, to Miss M. Phillip- 
son, of Kendal, 

Died. ] At Carlisle, in Annetw ell- street, 
46, Mrs. S. Wright.—In English-street, 
50, Mrs. M. Sowerby.--In Botchergate, 34, 
Mr. J. Lannon.—46, Mrs. M. Sinclair —58, 
Mr. J. Dawson. 

At Kendal, 29, Mr. C. Bush.—63, Mr. 
T. Hodgson.—Mr. E. Ivry.—25, Mr. J. 
Cummings.—93, Mrs. A. Harrison. 

At Whitehaven, 28, Miss J. Ledger, 
greatly regretted. — 88, Mrs. Littledale, 
Jate of Liverpool. 

At Maryport, Mr. T. Wilson.—Miss J. 
Retson, suddenly.—37, Mrs. M. Pennes, 
much respected. 

At Wigton, 73, Mr. J. Barker.—76, Mrs. 
M. Storey —47, Mr. T. Addinson. —89, 
Mrs. E. Pearson.—Mrs. A. Scott, suddenly. 

At Allonby, 82, Mr. W. Harrison. 

At Cargo, 70, Mrs. R. Robson, of the 
Society of Fr iends—At Rockcliff, $8, Miss 
M. Robiuson, of the pene of Fr iends. — 
At Westnewton, 77, Mr. J. Miller, much 
respected. 

At Blencogo, 63, Mr. 
gretted. 


28> 


R. Huddert, re- 


YORKSHIRE. 

Most of the northern counties partook of 
the late gales of wind and rain, which 
raged with irresistible fury; in the north 
west part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, 
the torrents of rain were immense. The 
banks of the Humber and Aire were laid 
under water for many miles, and all trade 
was interrupted ; carts were seen from the 
insufficiency of the number of boats, car- 
rying passengers backwards and forwards. 

The inhabitants of Seaton, Ross Fogga- 
thorpe, and Holme-upon-Spalding Moor, 
were lately alarmed, about ten at night, by 
the smart shock of an earthquake. A 
rumbling noise was heard, and in two 
houses the bells rang themselves. The 
shock wasalso felt in the villages of Beilby, 
Everingham, Allerthorpe, and Melbourne. 

A society, called the ‘* British Union 
Society,” is now forming at Doncaster, by 
anumber of families, for the purpose of 
establishing an agricultural colony in the 
territory of Illinois, jin the United States. 
A general fund is to be raised by subscrip- 
tion for the purchase of land, stock, &c. 
and a common store is to be kept, from 
which the colonists will be supplied with 
goods at wholesale prices. 

Married.| Mr. W. Hudson, to Miss S. 
Craggs, both of York.—Mr. W. Harrison, 
to Miss E. Huddleston; Mr. W, Maddy, 
to Miss 8. Hargrave; Mr. J. Pemberton, 
to Miss M. Brown; Mr. W. H. Lonsdale, 
to Miss M. Robinson; Mr. H. Smith, to 
Mrs. M. Tetley ; Mr. W. B. Ainsworth, to 


Yorkshire—Lanvashire. 


183 


Miss Wilby; Mr. C. Heath, to Miss S. 
Lightfoot; Mr. T.Stokehill, to Miss Nay- 
lor : all of Leeds—Mons. Duyard, of Leeds, 
to Miss Wise, of Burdon.—Mr. J. Middle- 
ton, to Mrs. C. Leech; Mr. W. Oldknow, 
to Miss E, Garside: all of Sheffield.—Mr. 
J. Scott, to Miss E. Mitchell, both of Hali- 
fax.— Mr. W. Booth, of Huddersfield, to 
Miss Walsham, of Emley—William Gil- 
bertson, esq. of Harrowgate, to Mrs. E. 
Brown.—Mr. J. Roberts, to Miss H. Hall, 
both of Bradford.— William Coulman, esq. 
of Bradholme, to Miss A. Tomlinson, of 
Fulford. —Mr. J. Knight, to Miss M. Bed- 
ford, both of Bramley —Mr. Littlewood, of 
Honley, to Miss J. Lupton, of Bradford. — 
Tatton Sykes, esq. of Sledmere-house, to 
Miss Mary Ann Foulis.— William Danby, 
esq. of Swinton-park, to Miss Gaiter, of 
Exeter.—Mr. G. Lowcock, of Halton, to 
Miss M. Jennings, of Islington. 

Bied.| At York, 47, Mrs. H. Lee, much 
respected. — 26, Miss S. Ledger, greatly 
esteemed.— At an advanced age, Mr. A. 
Yeoman.—In Castlegate, 89, Mrs. Eliza- 
beth Huddleston, of Pocklington, justly 
regretted. 

At Leeds, 69, Mrs. Beezon.—In Call- 
lane, 49, Mr. D. Dawson.—68, Mrs. A. 
Thompson.—Mr. H. Butterfield.—39, Mrs. 
S. Watkinson.—57, Mr. J. Butterworth.— 
Mrs. Lister, widow of Joseph L. esq.—43, 
Mr. J. Stead, jun. 

At Halifax, Mr. T. Moorhouse.—53, Mr. 
J. Stancliffe— Miss M. Foster.—52, Mr. 
J. Wright. 

At Beverley, 31, Mr. J. Willis. 

At Huddersfield, Mrs. Bradley. 

At Doncaster, 28, Mr. G. Pigott. 

At Pontefract, 60, Mrs. Ramsden, de- 
servedly respected. 

At Bradford, 46, Mr. J. Sugden.—70, 
Mr. W. Barwick.—Mrs. J. Aked. 

At Whitby, 95, John Chapman, esq. 

At Skipton, Mr. T. Tipping. 

At Over Helmsley, the Rev. F. W. Deal- 
try, M.A. rector—At Bregnal, Mr. J. 
Thompson, greatly respected. 

At Bramley, 85, Mr. William Field, 
deservedly regretted —At Busweth, Mr. 
J. Hawkins. 

LANCASHIRE. 

A meeting was lately held at Liverpool 
to take into consideration the propriety of 
voting an address of thanks to Mr. Hume, 
for his public services: Thomas Booth, 
esq. in the chair. After some discussion, 
in which Col. Williams, Mr. Henry Booth, 
Mr. Earl, and Mr. Ottiwell Wood, con- 
curred in very excellent speeches, in the 
cause of the general distress, resolutions 
were agreed to. 

A meeting of land-owners and farmers 
of the Fylde, was lately held at Poulton ; 
Richard Harrison, esq. of Baukfield in the 
chair. -A series of resolutions, and peti- 

tions 


184 


tions to both Houses of Parliament, were 
then proposed and unanimously passed. 
The petitions stated, in forcible terms, the 
distresses of the different classes of persons 
employed in farming pursuits, and prayed 
for protecting duties upon foreign corn 
imported. 

Married.| Mr. D. Chapman, to Miss M. 
A. Tomlinson; Mr. J. Allen to Miss A. 
Smith; Mr.J. Hibbert, to Miss M. Richard- 
son; Mr.P. Cordwell, to Miss M Hindley; 
all of Manchester—Mr. T. L. Silburn, of 
Manchester, to Miss M. Roby, of Market- 
street —Mr. R. Wood, of Manchester, to 
Miss A. Hall, of Fradswell—Mr. W. Ken- 
nerley, to Miss H. Binns; Mr. J. Beard- 
more, to Mrs. H. Broadhead : all of Sal- 
ford.—Mr. W. Towers, to Miss Duckworth; 
Mr. Mooney, to Miss Macann; Mr. T. 
Hale, to Miss J. Shepherd; Mr. E. Law- 
rence, to Miss H. Ashton: all of Liver- 
pool.—Mr. S. Fraser, to Miss Hornby, of 
Clithero—Mr. A. Hargraves, to Miss C. 
L. Haywood : both of Leigh.—Mr. T. Bel- 
fern, of Oldham, to Miss F. B. Riddiough, 
of Ormskirk —At Eccles, Mr. H. Wood- 
house, of Dangerous Cerner, to Miss S. 
Wainwright, 

Died.| At Lancaster, 50, Mrs. Betty Gor- 
ing, one of the Society of Friends. 

At Liverpool, 70, Mrs. Mary Cash, of 
Pembroke-place, relict of the late Mr. John 
Cash, tailor and draper, and one of the re- 
ligious Society of Friends, among whom 
she occasionally appeared as a minister. 
She was much and deservedly respected, 
and a distinguished instance of the capabi- 
lities of the female mind, having success- 
fully conducted the extensive business of 
the house for upwards of twenty years. 
During the latter period of her life, she 
was much engaged in works of beneyo- 
lence, and unremittingly attentive in pro- 
moting the system of prison discipline and 
reformation, introduced by the philanthro- 
pie Mrs. Fry. 

At Manchester, 57, Mr. H. Walker.— 
Mrs. M. Dixon.—In Oxford-road, Mr. J. 
Syddall, justly respected—In Oldfield- 
road, Miss E. Reade. 

At an advanced age, William Ogden, 
printer, Wood-street, Manchester, the last 
surviving son of Poet Ozden. He was 
amongst the number who were apprehended 
under the suspension of the Habeas Corpus 
Act, and was confined several months in 
Horsemonger-lane Gaol. It was upon Og- 
den’s imprisonment and personal sufferings 
that Mr. Canning was so jocular,—calling 
him the “ reyered and ruptured Ogden.” 

At Salford, in Greengate, 68, Mrs. E. 
Hulme.—56, Mr. A. Mills, much and de- 
servedly respected.—45, Mr. T. Halsby. 

At Liverpool, in Case-street, 43, Mrs. E. 
Holroyd—In Lime-street, 59, Mrs. H. 
Howson.—42, Mr. J. Ryding.—34, Mr. 


Cheshire—Derbyshire. 


[March 1, 


J. Morris —48, Mrs. Parr.—In Richmond- 
street, 41, Mr. T. M‘Gowan.—In Rich- 
mond-place, 66, Mrs. Godwin.—44, Mrs. 
E. Blake.—In Bold-street, 64, Mrs. Mary 
Smith, wife of Bryan S. esq. 

At Oldham, 83, Mr.J. Scott, an intelli- 
gent and discriminating botanist. 

At Warrington, Miss A. Lowe, highly 
esteemed.—56, Mrs. Shuttleworth, justly 
respected and regretted. ; 

At Blackley. Mrs. E. Lyon, greatly re- 
gretted—At Newton, 42, Mr. T. Barratt, 
of the firm of J. B. & Sons, deservedly es- 
teemed and lamented—At Chorley, 70, 
Mr. R. Smethurst, of the firm of Richard 
S.and Son. : 


, 


CHESHIRE. med 

A meeting of the Chesire Agricultural 
Association was lately held at Chester, 
Mr. Weaver in the Chair, when some able 
resolutions relative to the distress of the 
country were agreed to. 

Married.] Mr. J. Pownall, to Miss M. 
Buckley ; Mr. D. Jackson, to Miss Rose : 
all of Chester.—Mr.J. Nickson, of Chester, 
to Miss H. Grindley, of Baby’s Wood, 
Shropshire —Mr. Jas. Latham, of Nant- 
wich, to Miss E. Armstrong, of Dodding- 
ton.—Mr. Siddeley, of Knutsford, to Misr 
E. Saxon, of Haritford-place, Northwich — 
Mr. €. Johnson, to Miss F’. Eaton, both 
of Congleton. ‘ 

Died.| At Chester, 81, Mr. Millington. 
—At Dee Bank, Miss Careline Leicester. 
—Mr. P. Stanford——In Foregate-street, 
Miss M. Pimbleberry —40, Mr. W. Sefton, 
regretted. 

At Nantwich, Mrs. Sprout, wife of Wil- 
liam S. esq. deservedly lamented. 

At Northwich, 92, Mr. J. Sims, a mem- 
ber of the Society of Friends. 

At Malpas, the Rev. R. Bridge, de- 
served!y regretted. 

At Birkenhead priory, Miss Louisa 
Koster.—At Capenhurst, Richard Richard- 
son, esq. deservedly regretted. 


DERBYSHIRE. 


- Marvied.| Mr. J, Fox, to Miss A.Tatlow : 
both of Derby.—Mr. J. Collar, of Chester- 
field, to Miss Goodwin, of Heath—Mr. 
Townrow, of Chesterfield, to Miss Ma- 
chin, of Newton.—Mr. J. Wood, of Ash- 
borne, to Miss M. Dakin, of Matlock — 
Mr.R. Baker, to Miss H. Smith: both of 
Ashborne.—Mr. Eli Cotes, to Miss H. 
Argile, of Alfreton. 

Died.) At Derby, Mrs. Bancroft, 73.— 
Mr. G. Tunneclit—32, Mrs. R. Heath, - 
regretted. 

At Breason, Mr. J. Gregory.—At Hol- 
lington, 87, Mr. W. Crossley. 

At Willington, 73,‘ Mr. R. Gent, much 
respected. 3 

At Repton, 23, Miss A. Barber, greatly 
esteemed. 

NOTTINGHAMSHIRE. 


NOTTINGHAMSHIRE. 

Married.| Mr. T. Henson, to Miss S. 
Dawson; Mr. W. Waldron, to Miss E. 
Voice; Mr. W. Martia, to Miss M. Wat- 
son; Mr.J. Richards, to Miss S. Arnold; 
Mr. W. Black, to Miss Hardy; Mr. J. 
Green, to Miss 8. Trueman ; Wir. E. Elliot, 
to Miss M. Butler; Mr- J. Neal, to Miss 
E. Chapel; Mr. J. Killingley, to Miss M. 
Potter : all of Nottingham.—Mr. J. Lacey, 
to Miss M. Wilson ; Mr. J. Hurst, to Miss 
H. Barker: all of Newark—Mr. J. Mor- 
ton, to Miss J. Bettison, both of Mans- 
field —Mr. J.C. Clarke, of Mansfield, to 
Miss “Waters, of Alfreton.—Lieut.-Col. 
O'Halloran, to Miss Frances White, of 
Walling Wells—Mr. G. March, of Hock- 
ling, to Miss L. Johnson, of Saxelby.— Mr. 
S. Reddish, to Miss M. Robinson. 7 

Died.) At Nottingham, 30, Rev. H. 
Turner, of Market-street, deservedly es- 
teemed aud regretted—In Fletcher-gate, 
Mrs. Margaret Hudson, one of the Society 
of Friends.—In East-street, 24, Miss Mary 
Mullen, greatly esteemed and lamented — 
In Talbot-yard, Long-row, 82, Mrs. A. 
Linkwaite—In Red Lion-street, 41, Mrs. 
Pride.—45, Mrs. Beard.—Ia Bottle-lane, 
78, Mr. G. Foster —In Shakespeare-alley, 
82, Mr. E. Rawson, much respected.—At 
Newark, 76, Mrs. E. Moor.—53, Mr. T. 


Pepper.—30, Miss M. Flint —59, Mr. W. - 


March.—66, Mr. M. Tomlinson. 

At Mansfield, 41, Mrs. Suape.—98, Mr. 
W. Toplis —68, Mr. P. O. Shepperd, much 
respected. 

At Hockley, Mr. J. Heath—At New 
Snenton, Mr. H. Dennis.—At Arnold, 59, 
Mr. A. Hartshorn —At Brough, 32, Mr. 
R. Horner, jun —At Hawton, Mr. Lee. 
—At Basford, Mr. Robinson, suddenly. 

LINCOLNSHIRE. 

Married.| Mr.J.W. Drury, of Lincoln, 
to Miss J. Lupton, of Hull —Mr. W. Baum- 
ber, of Skirbeck, to Miss A. Andrews, of 
Boston.—Mr. E.Fox, of Boston, to Miss 
A. Silvester, of Skirbeck.—Mr. O: J. Mar- 
shall, to Miss M. Ayscough, both of Bos- 
ton.—Mr. J Cappiter, 10 Miss Lusby, both 
of Grimsby.—Mr. S. W. K. Burton, of 
Wainfleet, All Saints, to Miss M. Ed- 
wards, of Thorpe—Mr. Green, of Great 
Hall, to Miss Saumby, of Helpringham.— 
Mr. Beaumont, of Morton, to Miss Harri- 
son, of Gainsborough. 

Died.) At Stamford, 81, Mrs. Llewelyn. 

At Gainsborough, 48, Mrs. M. Robin- 
son. 

At Louth, 74, Mrs. R. Fotherby. 

At Boston, 58, Mrs. True.—-64, 
Hooke.—73, Mrs. S. Scott. 

At Stockwith, 59, Mr. R. Tonge.--At 
Ferry, Mrs. Johnson.—At Alderchurch 
Fen, 55, Mrs. Ann Lee, much respected. 

LEICESTER AND RUTLAND. 
A meeting of the agriculturists of the 
Monrury Maa. No, 365, 


Mr. J. 


Nottinghamshire.—Staffordshire. 


185 
county of Rutland lately took place at 
Oakham, Sir Gerard Noel, bart. in the 
Chair, when it was determined to forma 
society to be called The Rutland Agricul- 
tural Association, for corresponding with 
other societies having the same object in 
view, and particularly with the general 
Agiicultural Association holding their 
meetings at Henderson’s Hotel, London. 
A Committee of Management was appoint- 
ed, @ petition to parliament agreed upon, 
and a number of resolutions were passed 
upon the subject of their present distress. 

Married.| Mr. J. Coulson, of Leicester, 
to Miss A. Curtis, of Billesdon.—Mr. King, 
of Metton Mowbray, to Miss H. Turner, of 
Grantham.—Mr. W. Wood, to Miss E. 
Rowe, both of Lutterworth_—Mr.T. Cross, 
of Holwell, to Miss M. Sharpe, of Melton. 
—Mr. E. Jaques, of Diseworth, to Miss 
M. Wood, of Castle Donington.—Mr. J. 
Gilbert, of Evington, to Miss E. Norman, 
of Oadby. 

Died.| At Leicester, Mr. J. Elliott — 
Miss C. Berry.—Mrs. M. Clark —Miss S. 
Brotherhood. 

At Loughborough, 75, Mr. T. Flavel— 
80, Mr. Jas. Cockayne. —Mr. W, Wild.— 
Mrs. Smith—Mr. T. Harrison.—James 
Booth, esq. deservedly regretted. 

At Ashby-deé-la-Zouch, 74, Mr. J. Mat- 
thews. 

At Wartnaby, 78, Mr. Adams. — At 
New Garden Loop, Mr. R. Hawley—At 
Cadsby, 76, Mr. R. C. Worthington —At 
Eaton, Vale of Belvoir, 70, Mrs. Bates.— 
At Kirk, by Mallory, the Hon. Lady Noel, 
wife of Sir R.N. bart. 

STAFFORDSHIRE. 

So extreme are the effecis of the agricul. 
tural distress in this county, that at a 
late sale, occasioned by a distress for rent, 
four draught horses were sold for 41. 10s. 

The Marquis of Stafford, with exem- 
plary public spirit, has recently directed 
a cireular to be sent to his tenantry, fixing 
their rents at the average price of corn 
for the previous six mouths. 

Married.) My. J. Burrop, to Miss S. De 
Wint, of Stone —Johu Sneyd, esq. of Ash- 
comb-hall, to Miss Peuelope Holley, of 
Holme—At Codsall, the Rev. J. Hilyar, 
to Charlotte, daughter of the late Sir John 
Wrottesley. 

Died.) At Walsall, Mr. Weaver, for- 
merly of Hereford. 

At Uttoxeter, 70, Rev. Steph. Chester, 
greatly respected and regretted. 

At Henley, Mr. J. Glever. 

[Lately, at Bishton-hall, near Wolseley- 
bridge, 85, John Sparrow, esq. Mr. Spar- 
row was bred an attorney and practised 
many years at Newcastle-under-Lyne. 
When the Trent and Mersey, otherwise 
called the Grand Trunk Canal, was pro- 
jected, Mr, Sparrow was chosen as the 
2A clerk 


. 


186 


clerk to the eompany, in which situation 
he acquired a handsome fortune, and in 
which he continued nearly balfa century. 
Having married a lady of good fortune, he 
retired early from the practice of the law, 
which he resigned to his brother, Mr. John 
Sparrow. Mr. Sparrow gained the interest 
of Lord Stafford in the county, and was by 
his influence appointed receiver-general of 
the salt duties for the county of Stafford, 
which he held many years, until the salt 
dutics were put under the commissioners of 
excise. Soon after he discontinued prac.- 
tising as an attorney, he became an active 
magistrate, and was many years ago cho- 
sen chairman of the session, in which he 
continued till obliged by infirmities to re- 
tire. On this occasion the magistrates, to 
shew a due sense of his conduct, agreed to 
have his portrait painted for the county 
hall. Mr.S. had by his wife two daughters, 
one of whom, who died young, was the 
first wife of James Macdonald, esq. M.P. 
for Colne. The canal which Mr. Sparrow 
had so great a share in promoting, was 
formed into shares of 2001]. each, which 
have lately been sold for 1900). per share. 
No man, perhaps, had a more extensive 
knowledge of canals and their separate in- 
terests, than Mr. Sparrow, and he was 
eften.consulted by persons who were in- 
clined to embark ‘in speculations of that 
kind.] ; 
WARWICKSHIRE. 

Married.) James Guest, jun. esq. of 
Birmingham, to Miss Martha Whitworth, 
of Hornsey.— At Birmingham, William 
Johns, M.D. to Miss Mary Blakemore.—J. 
Churchill, esq. of Birmingham, to Miss A. 
Rolf, of Westbury.—Mr. W. Ward,of Oak- 
lands, to Miss C. Brentnall, of "Falkner 
Lodge, near Birmingham. i “A Simcoe, 
esq. to Miss A. Palmer, of Moseley —Mr. 
W. Statton, of Clifton Gonippale) to Miss 
Hull, of Wanton. 

Died.] At Coventry, 6B, F. Perkins, 
esq. one of the aldermen ; he "had been four 

. times mayor. 

At Atherstone, Elizabeth, -wife of Wil- 

liam Freer, esq. much lamented. 
SHROPSHIRE, 

Married] Mr. H. Geary, to Miss L. 
Harris, both of Shrewsbury. — Mr. G. 
Goodwin, of Ironbridge, to Miss M.*A. 
Manuel, of Shrewsbury.—-The Rev. J. 
Williams, B.D. rector of Llandensant, to 
Miss Frances Lloyd, of the Stone House, 
Shrewsbury.— Mr. Meredith, of West- 
bury, to Miss A. Poole, of Wellington.— 
Mr. E. Lloyd, to Miss E. Tomkies, both 
oi Ellesmere. Mr. S. Reynolds, to Miss 
M. Smart, both of Wellington—Mr. J. 
Hodgkiss, to Miss A. Moore, of Welling- 
ton.—Mr. R. Ireland, of Wem, to Miss 
Keay, of Shenton Villa. . 

Pied.) At Shrewsbury, 67, Mrs. Pear- 


Warwickshire.--. Herefordshire, 


[March J,. 


son, much respected.—In the Abbey Fore- 
gate, 64, Mr. Chilton—Mr, S. Steele. 

Mr. Wilcox, sen.—In Mardel, Mr. T. 
Chadwick.—60, Mrs. 8. Jones. 

At Whitchurch, 77, Mrs. 
Thomas. 

At Wenlock, 71, Mrs. M. Griffiths, de- 
servedly respected—45, Mr. W. Mason, 
—75, Mrs. S. Mason, greatly respected. 

At Bridgnorth, 32, Mr. F. Walker.— Mrs. 
Baylis. 

At Chapel-house, Wistanstow, 70, Mr. 
T. Hughes, deservedly - lamented (At 
Styche, Mrs. Clive, wife of William C. 
esq.—At Doddington, 63, John Knight, 
esq.—At Harley, 63, Mrs. J. Crowther, 
highly respected. 

WORCESTERSHIRE. 

A meeting of the occupiers and land- 
owners of this county, lately took place, 
E. Isaac, esq. in the chair; when a series 
of resolutions were proposed, after an elo- 
quent speech, by J. Richards, esq. and 
seconded by Mr. Spooner. They attributed 
the real causes of the agricultural distress 
‘“€ to excessive taxation, and the fraud and 
injustice committed by the changes in the 
value of money.” 

Married.) Mr. H. Deighton, of Worces- 
ter, to Miss A. Devey, of Wribbenhall.— 
Robert Berkeley, jun. esq. of Spetchley, 
to Miss H. S. Benfield.—Charles Harwood, 
of Stourbridge, to Miss A. Moxam, of 
Bromyard. 

Died.) At Droitwich, 62, Richard Lang- 
ford, esq. many years inaster of Haydon- 
square academy. 

At Maddresfield, Mr. W Baylis. 

HEREFORDSHIRE. 

A petition from the laud-owners, farmers, 
and traders residing in or near Ross, has 
lately been forwarded te the House of Com- 
mous.. The petition expressed the firm 
opinion of the petitioners, that the imme- 
diate cause of the evil complained of lies in 
that Act of Parliament, which, in fact, tri- 
pled the value of money, compared with the 
price of produce, and, by leaving the taxes 
unreduced and contracts unmodified, tri- 
pled taxation, and disturbed and violated 
all existing contracts. The petitioners 
therefore prayed that Parliament would 
interfere to rectify all contracts according 
(othe alteration in the value of money ; 
that it would abolish all sinecures and 
grants, all pensions not fully merited by 
real public services; that it would reduce 
the army, all salaries and the civil list; re- 
sume all grants of crown-lands, houses and 
mines, not paying full and adequate rents ; 
appropriate to the public use the revenues 
of all beneficed non-resident clergymen ; 
and reduce the interest of the national 
debt—so that taxation may be brought 
down to one-third of its present amount.* 


* We earnestly recommend the conduc- 
tors 


Martha 


1822.] 


. Married.) Mr. W. Muddy, of Hereford, 
to Miss §. Hargrave, of Leeds —Mr. 
Lloyd, of Hereford, to Miss Hayward, of 
Tewkesbury.—Lieut. Aldwell Taylor, 39th 
regt. Foot, to Miss E. P. Taylor, of Leo- 
minster. 

Died.| At Hereford, 29, Miss E. Allen. 
—Mr. W. Crump. 2 

At Leominster, Mr. T. Hall, suddenly. 

At Ross, 32; Mrs. D. Harrison.—Mr. 
R. Badham, greatly regretted. 

At Leintwardine, 95, Mrs. Mason, wi- 
dow of Dr. M. 

_ At Allensmore, 120. Thomas Gilbert, an 
industrious labourer. 

GLOUCESTER AND MONMOUTH. 

Married.) Mr. E Jones, to Miss Bourne 
of Berkley-street, Gloucester — Mr. Fos- 
ter, to Miss E. Watson, of Gloucester— 
Mr. F.Sions, to Miss E. Petre; Mr. S. Den- 
nis, to Miss A. lee; Mr. W. Huntley, to 
Miss S. Cole: all of Bristol —William Mill- 
ner, esq. to Mrs. Coles, of Orchard-street, 
Bristol—Mr. A. Dore, of Cirencester, to 
Mrs. Nicholls, of Perrotts Brook—Mr. B. 
Bucknall, of Stroud, to Miss Adkins, of 
Paiuswick—Mr. E. Bucknell, of Ebbey, to 
Miss King, of Bowbridge —Mr-. J. Harris, 
to Miss Pigott, of Ragland. ‘ 

Died.| At Gloucester, Robert Nelson 
Thomas, esq. recorder of Swausea, de- 
seryedly regretted.—85, Mary Wood, one 
of the Society of Friends\—Heury Wilton, 
esq. mayor, suddenly, highly respected. 

At Bristol, on Lawrence-hill, 73, Mr. H. 
Fry.—In College-green, Mr. Tombs.—70, 
Mrs.S. Guy.—In Wellington-place, Mr. J. 
Gerard —Mr. R. Swayne.. 

At Moamouth, 39, Mr. T. Dowding, de- 
servedly lamented. 

_ At Chepstow, 23, Miss A. Chapman. 

At Tewkesbury, 95, Mr. J. Dick. 

At Stroud, John King, esq. formerly of 
Barton-street. mn 

At Stoke Orchard, 80, Mrs.- Pearce.—At 
Thornbury, 23, Mr. S. Counsell—At Rod- 
borough, 85, Mr. J. Buck —At Dudbridge, 
Miss S. Summers.—At Minty, 58, Mr. J. 
Telling, regretted —At Westbury, 85, Mr. 
J. Jefferies. 

OXFORDSHIRE. 

At a late meetiug of the Oxfordshire 
Agricultural Society, present the Lord 
Lieutenant, a resolution was passed for 
petitions to Parliament, on the depressed 
state of agriculture. 

Married.| Percy Joseph Newell, esq. to 
Miss M. A. Buckland, of High-street, Ox- 
ford.—Mr. Jones, to Miss M. Collier, both 


tors of this meeting at Ross, and of all 


other meetings, to peruse the observations 
contained in the first paper in this Maga- 
zime, because erroneous premises lead to 
false conclusions, and lose their effect in 
the houses of Parliament, 


Gloucestershire.—Berkshire. 


-lie liberties and the public purse. 


187 


of Witney.—Mr. G. Clift, to Miss C. Birk- 
head, of Watlington—Mr. T. Kinch, to 
Miss A. Drinkwater, both of Gagingwell. 
Mr.S. Ecley, of Yarnton, to Miss A. Tibble, 
of Datchett. 

Died] At Oxford, 72, Mrs. Adams, late 
of Benson.—Miss S. E. Baxter.—24, Miss 
E. Whiting, greatly esteemed —Mr. H. O. 
Hickman. 

At Thame, 70, Mr. J. Jaques. 

At Pudlicote-house, Mary Elizabeth, 
wife of Jonathan Birch, esq.—At Burford, 
64, Mrs.Stanroyd —At Broughton-castle, 
Sophia, wife of George Cobb, esq. 

BUCKINGHAM AND BERKSHIRE. 

A meeting, signed by most of the prin- 
cipal graziers and farmers in the neigh- 
bourhood of Aylesbury, lately tock place. 
Mr. Burtt, of Weston Turville, in the chair- 
Mr. Simous, of Hogshaw, moved a series 
of resolutions, seconded by Mr. Grace, of 
Putlowes, which described the great dis- 
tress of the farmer, attributed the causeof 
it to excessive taxation, and the return to 
cash payments. 

A petition was presented lately to the 
House of Commons from occupiers of no 
less than 26,000 acres of land in Bucking- 
hamshire, praying relief, from their bur- 
dens and an increase of protecting duties. 

The inhabitants of Reading lately as- 
sembled, and unanimously voted their 
thanks to Mr. Hume, for his unvaried and 
invaluable exertions in Parliament. Mr. 
Marsh said, in an admirable address, Mr. 
Hume had laid bare the nerves and sinews 
of corruption, and-shewed how they were 
nurtured by the public purse. The people 
must insist on a reform, and then the con- 


‘stitution would be the pride and-envy of 


the world. On the members for Reading 
being thanked for the support they had 
given to Mr. Hume,—Mr. Palmer express- 
ed his high satisfaction, and made many 
judicious remarks on the state of affairs. 
He declared -he should never be satisfied 
without reform. Years ago, he said, Mr. 
Pitt had declared, “ that as there wasa 
radical evil, there must be a radical cure.” 
Ministers even had complimented Mr. 
Hume; but their votes never attended 
their compliments. Mr. Monck followed, 
and spoke with much eloquence of Mr. 
Hume’s exertions, -in dragging forth the 
odious jobs and abuses—the wanton ex- 
trayagance of ministers—extravagance di- 
rected to the-worst of purposes, the cor- 
ruption of the people, and in buying those 
who ought to be the guardians of the pub- 
Mr. 
Monck was of opinion thai prices would 
fall lower than those of 1792, and even 
lower than those on the continent. The 
only remedy for the distress, he thought, 

was in a great reduction in the taxation, 
Married.| Mr. T.. Berry, of Aylesbury, 
to 


188 


to Miss A. Watkins, of Kingston —Mr. 
Mitchell, of Windsor, to Miss E. Hitchens, 
of Penhillock-house, Cornwall.—The Rey. 
Thos. Boys, to Miss Somers, of High Wy- 
comb.— Capt. Batdwin, R.N. to Miss D. 
J. Lorraine, of Middleton Keynes. 

Died.) At Reading, 67, Mr.J. Cooperson. 

At Maidenhead, 77, James Payn, esq. 
recorder of the town and treasurer for 
Berks. , 

At Wallingford, Mr. W. Munt, sen. 

At Windsor, in Wellington-place, 62, 
Buckle Wild, esq.—69, Thomas Hatch, esq. 
—65, Mrs. Addion.—Mrs. Summerfield. 

At an advanced age, Rev. E. Barry, D.D. 
rector of St. Mary’s, Wallingford. 

At Wallingford, the Rev. Edwd. Barry, 
M.D.and D.D. He was anative of Bris- 
tol, and bred to physic ; but after practis- 
ing sometime in that profession, he entered 
into holy orders, officiated some time as 
assistant-preacher at Fitzroy and Bethel 
chapels, and as chaplain to the Bishop of 
Kildare, till he was collated to the rectory 
of St. Mary and St. Leonard, Wallingford, 
where he resided till he reached his eighty- 
fifth year. He is the author of several 
small works, among which are “ A Letter 
to Mr. Cumberland, occasioned by a Letter 
to the Bishop of Llandaff (Dr. Watson) ;” 
“Twelve Sermons on Particular Occa- 
sions ;” ‘“ A Letter on the Practice of 
Boxing, addressed to the Kings, Lords, 
and Commons;” and several single ser- 
mons. ‘ 

HERTFORDSHIRE AND BEDFORDSHIRE. 
, Ameeting of the landholders and far- 
mers of the county lately took place at 
Hertford. The Marquis of Salisbury, the 
Earl of Bridgewater, Viscount Cran- 
bourne, Lord Dacre, Sir J. Sebright, and 
the Hon. W. Lamb, members for the 
county, were present.—Lord Dacre pro- 
posed a series of resolutions, stating that 
the manner in which the circulating me- 
dium had been settled bore severely 
against the agriculiurists, as a virtual 


increase of taxation, of which they, there- ~ 


fore, prayeda reduction. Mr. G. G. Ford- 
ham addressed the meeting on the weight 
of taxation, and the extravagance of 
the expenditure. He moved a resolution, 
praying the repeal of the duties on malt, 
salt, soap, candles, and leather. 

Died. At Woburn, Mary, wife of the 
Rey. J. Parry. 

At Leighton Buzzard, Miss C. Claridge. 
—At Great Berkhamstead, Mr. Thomas 
Dupré. 

4 Hertfordshire, Miss Jane Jenner, of 
Battle, author of “ Melmoth House.” 

NORTHAMPTONSHIRE. 

Married.\ At Northampton, the Rev. J. 

Riddel, to Miss D. Foster, of Leicester- 


Grange -——Mr. Birdsall, of Syston, to Miss. 


‘Segary, of Northampton. —Mr. T, Felton, 


Northamptonshire.— 


{March 1}, 


Norfolk. 
of Peterborough, to Miss Sisson, of” 
Thorney. 


Died.) At Kettering, 77, Johu Keep, esq. 

At Dogsthorpe, 53, Mr. Holdich, deser- 
vedly regretted.—The very Rey. Thomas 
Kipling, D.D. Dean of Peterborough, Ree- 
tor of Holme and Vicar of Holme in Spa!d- 
ing Moor, Yorkshire, and -formerly Fel'ow 
of St. John’s college, B.A. 1768, MA, 1771, 
B.D. 1779, D.D. 1784. : 

CAMBRIDGE AND HUNTINGDON. 

The late Dr. Smith’s annual prizes of 
251. each, to the two best proficients in ma- 
thematics and natural philosophy among 
the commencing Bachelors of Arts, were 
lately adjudged to Mr. Hammet Holditch, 
of Caius College, and Mr. Mitford Pea- 
cock, of Bene’t College, the first and se- 
coud Wranglers. 

A meeting lately took place at Hunting- 
don, on the agricultural distress. A peti- 
tion to the House of Commons was agreed 
to, praying for the usual remedies, of 
great reduction of taxes, and diminution 
in the expenditure. 

A Meeting of the farmers in the eastern 
division of the Isle of Ely was lately held 
at Ely, to take into consideration the dis- 
tressed state of agriculture. Petitions to 
both houses of parliament were agreed to. 
A gentleman stated to the meeting that, 
within the Jast month a distress was taken 
upon the overseers of Downham for the 
county rate; the collectors had been ex- 
chequered for the assessed taxes; a tithe 
audit had been held, at which 9-10ths of 
the occupiers were defaulters ; the over- 
seers had proceeded against twenty indi- 
viduals for the poor-rates; and some of 
the principal cceupiers in the parish had 
absconded. 

Married.| Mr. Brown, of Cambridge, to 
Miss E. Richards, formerly of Chatteris. 
—The Rey. John Fishpool, to ‘Miss. Cock, 
of Cambridge. 

Died.) At Cambridge, 76, My: Smith. 

At Newmarket, 65, Mrs. Smallman. 

At Ely, 56, William Ingram, esq. lamented. 

At Godmanchester, 84, Mr. J. Reid, one 
of the Socjety of Friends. : 

At Great Staughton, 65, the Rey. James 
Pope, B.D. deservedly regretted. —At Far- 
cet Fen, 58, Mr. J. Marshall.—At Chester- 
ton, Mr. Morley. 

NORFOLK. 

A dinner was given to Mr. Cobbett at 
Lynn, when 150 gentlemen attended. The 
proceedings, after the cloth was drawn, 
were similar to those at Huntingdon, Mr. 
Cobbett made an able speech; resolutions 
were passed in favour of retrenchment and 
reform, and a petition to parliament drawn 
up for signature. 

Married.) Mr. P. Mazzotti, to Miss M. 
Leeds; Mr. T. Harper, to Miss M. A. Ba- 
con: all of Norwich—Mr. B. Paul, to 

Miss 


1822.] 


Miss M. Vincent; Mr. Diver, to Miss 
Chamber; Mr. Macdonald, to Miss Cul- 
ling; Mr. J. Shepperd to Mrs. Duncan ; 
all of Yarmouth.—Mr. H. Hodson, to Miss 
H. Walker, both of Lynm—Rey. —. 
Thompson of Lowestoft, to Miss Taylor, 
of Yarmouth.—W. H. Jary, esq. of Bur- 
lingham, to Miss S. Postle.—Walter Na- 
vassour, esq. of Catton, to Mrs. Turner, of 
Halesworth —James S :eucer, esq. of Brin- 
ton, to Miss M. Bangay, of Park-place, 
Sharrington. 

Died.| At Norwich, Mrs. Titlobw.—54, 
Miss M. Bygrave. In ‘St. Auvgustine’s, 93, 
Mr. Burton.—in Paul’s, 62, Mr. W. Short. 
—In the Lower Close, 65, Mrs. T. Morel, 
—In St. Michael's Coslany, 26, Mr. J. 
Coleman.—Iv St. Faith’s-tane, 83, Mrs. 
Doyley.—At Yarniouth, 66, Mrs. P. A. 
Wotton.—78, Mrs. M. Diball.—56, Mr. W. 
Sieley —48, Mrs. R. Godtrey,—59, Mrs. 
Bennett.—80, Mr.S. Whitesides.—890, Mrs. 
8. Draper.—75, Mr. Boys, Harcourt. 

At Lyun, Miss E. Nicholls, deservedly 
esteemed and lamented.— Mr. Db. Whiucop, 
generally regretted.—59, Mr. C. Plane — 
At Diss, 47, Mr. Gobbitt. 

At East Dereham, 77, Mrs. C. Shipman. 
—At Downhsm, 69, Mr. J. Coulcher.—At 
Swanton Morley, 67, Mrs. 8S. Amy, late of 
Norwich.—At Lakenham, 76, Mrs. E. 
Cooper, much regretted.—At Hempnall, 
32, Mr. J. Johnson, jun— At Toperoft, Mr. 
T. Colman. 

SUFFOLK. 

A numerous meeting lately took place at 
Stowmarket, pursuant to a requisition, to 
cousider the propriety of petitioning Par- 
lament for the relief of the over whelming 
agricultural distress; the High Sheriff in 
the chair. Sir Henry Buubury, in an elo- 

_ quent speech, attributed the distress to 
the alteration of the currency, aud thie 


enormous taxation; in the conclusion of | 


which he introduced some -ably-drawn 
resolutions, which were seconded by Sir 
Robert Harland, Lord Huntingfeld, Lord 
Dunwich, Mr. Merest, Lord Calthorpe, 
and the Duke of Grafton coucurred with 
the resolutions, and attributed the general 
distress among the farmers, to waste and 
extravagance in the public expendiiure, as 
well as to the weight of taxation. Mr. 
_ Grigby, in concluding an argumentative 
speech, moved the following resolution on 
reform : 
_ That to the want of controul over the 
-publie purse, which a Parliament freely 
elected would exercise, we attribute the 
origin of our present distresses. And 
therefore it is necessary that the attention 
of the Commons House of Parliament be 
directed to effect an immediate reform in. 
the Representation, as the only means of 
saving what remains of our property, of 
preserving tranquillity, and ensuring the 
hiberty of the country. 


Suffolk—Essez. 


189 


Considerable discussion followed, and 
the Sheriff refused to put this resolution, 
considering it irrelevant to the objects of 
the meeting. Confusion and uproar en. 
sued. At length the sheriffagreed, on pre- 
senting a new_requisition specifying re- 
form as ore of the subjects for considera- 
sion, to convene a meeting on the iistant. 
One was immediately drawa up, signed by 
the Duke of Nerfolk, the Duke of Grafton, 
Sir Henry Bunbury, &c.&e. The sheriff 
formally convened a second meeting; the 
resolutions were proposed by Mr. Merest, 
and seconded by Sir Robert Harland. 
They were carried unanimously, and the 
meeting then dispersed. 

Married.|. Mr. Morgan, to Miss A. 
Wright; Mr. J. Betson, to Miss M. Grif- 
fin; Mr. R. Harvey, to Miss M. Tricker : 
all of Bury —Mr. H. Winkworth, to Miss 
M. Bristo; Mr. J. Ungles, of Wituesham, 
to Miss S. Howes, of Ipswich—Mr, J. 
Fisher, to Mrs. S. Dennington, both of 
Woodbridge —Mr. Smith, jun. of Boulge, 
to. Mrs. Capon, of Woodbridge. 

Died.| At Ipswich, 73, Samuel Howes, 
esq. ope of the common council —75, Mrs. 
Hammond. 

At Bungay, Mr. T. Plowman, late of 
Braue Parsonage. 

At Woodbridge, Mrs. Warren. 

- At Framlingham, 51, Mrs. S. Hill. 

At Sudbury, Mrs. Alexander Frost. 

At Yoxford, Mrs. C. Goodwin. 

At Kertling, Mr. G. Pettit —At Swef- 
fling, 89, Mr. T. Néwson.—At Long Mel- 
ford, Mr. Nice —At Wattfield, 83, Mrs. 
A. Cornell, highly esteemed —At Laxfield, 
Mr. J. Gooderam.—At Hollesley, 46, Mrs. 
Kettle. - 

ESSEX. 

Extensive silk mills have tately been 
established at Coggleshal!, in which 140 
persons are at present employed. 

Married | At Colchester, Mr. J. G. 
Chamberlain,’ to Miss C. Siammers, of Wi- 
venhoe.—Mr. W. Parsons, to Mrs. Novbs, 
both of Habwich ees Mr. Irvine, to 
Mrs. Brame, of Harwich —Mr. Lawrence, 
ot Helion Bumpstead, to Miss B. L. Paul, 
of Epping. 

Died.) At Colchester, 28, Mrs. A. Ab- 
bott—86, John Mils, esq. banker.—60, 
Mr. ().G. Keymer. 

At Chelmsford, 61, Mrs. French. 

At Horndon, 101, Mrs. Tretton. 

At Halstead, 55, Mr. J. Howe. —At Bul- 
mer, 45, Mary, wife of Thomas Pung, esq. 
of Blackhouse,—At Wivenhoe, 4], Mr. C. 
Rainer—At Great Chesterford, 33, Mrs. 
J. Isaacson, greatly regretted —At Thorn- 
don-hall, Frances, Lady Petre, deservedly 
esteemed and lamented. 

KENT. 

An extraordinary flow of water, without 
any apparent impulse but = of spring 

tides, 


190 


tides, lately dccurred along the northern 
coast of Kent. The sea rose from four to 
five fvet perpendicularly above the usual 
height of the highest spring tides, over- 
flowing the banks and marshes. 

Married.|Mr.W. Fin, to Miss P.Staplor ; 
Mr. Thomas Jobncock, to Miss C. Saun- 
ders; Mr. R. Harris, to Miss S. Tye; Mr. 
S. White, to Miss Hatton: all of Canter- 
bury.— Mr. T. Hookham, to Mrs. Fenley, of 
Folkestoue.—Mr. R. Hayman, to Mrs. Bai- 
ley, both of Deal.—J. Grant, Smith, esq. of 
Sittingbourne, to Miss A. Blake, of Dover. 
—Mr. W.H. Weekes, to Miss Hearne, both 
of Sandwich.—Mr. ‘Lf. Stutley, to Miss E. 
Brignell, both of Lyd.—Mr. S. Wrake, of 
Chilham, to Miss L. Dennett, of Lenham. 
—Mr.S. Catt, to Miss M. Baker, both of 
Biddenden.—Mr. G. Rayner, to Miss M. 
Warler, both of Sutton Valance. 

Died). At Dover, 70, Mrs. Horne.—At 
an advanced age, Mr. Broad. 

At Rochester, Mr. Ballard. 

At Chatham, 27, Lieut. S. J. Holland, 
49th regt.—Mrs. Hopley.—39, Mrs. A. 
Viney.—73. Mr. T. Hills.—Mrs. Eldridge. 

At Deal, 72, Mrs. Clayson. 

At Ramsgate, Mrs. Hervey, widow of the 
Rey. Richard H. 

At Margate, 60, Mr. W. Fawtrell.—At 
an advanced age, Mr. J. Bailey. 

At Lydd, 86, Mrs. M. Dray.—At Smar- 
den, 89, Mr. J. Woollett—At Broadstairs, 
75, Mr. T. Castle —Mr. E. Nethersole-— 
At Wolverton, 28, Louisa Catherine, wife 
of the Rey. H. R. Quariley —At Barham, 
26, Mr. G. Marshall. 

SUSSEX. 

A new road was opened on the 29th ult. 
at Brighton, leading from Middle-street 
to West-street. The King first passed’ over 
it in an open landau. 

In the parish of Mayfield there were 
lately nineteen farms without tenants. 

Married.| Mr. T. Stares, to Miss Rus- 
sel: Mr. Jas. Smith, to Miss, Cooper: all 
of Chicester—Mr. Eames, to Mrs. Os- 
bourn, both of Arundel.—Mr. A. Windus, 
of Lewes, to Miss A. Rogers, of Southover. 

Died) At Chichester, in East-street, 74, 
Thomas Fitzherbert, esq.—In West-street, 
55, Mrs. C. Barber.—67, Mrs. M. Baxter. 

At Brighton, on the Marine Parade, 84, 
Mrs. Luther.—In York-place, Mr. R. Wil- 
liams, much respected.—In the York Ho- 
tel, Mrs. Sheppard.—On Richmond-ter- 
race, Mrs. Wilds. 

At Lewes, Mrs. Becket. 

At Seaford, Mrs. Alifrey, widow of 
George A. esq.—At Petworth, Mr. Gold- 
ring. 

HAMPSHIRE. 

Marvied.| W. Beckford, esq. of South- 
ampton, to Miss M. E. Stane, of Forest- 
hall—Mr. S. Matthews, to Miss Flight, 
both of Winchester —Mr. G. Attwood, to 


Sussea—Somerselshire. 


if M arch 1 , 


Miss M. Moody, both of Basingstoke —Mr. 
H. Whitbread, to M‘ss C. Woodnutt, both 
of Newport.—Mr. B. Harfield, of Hayling, 
to Miss Hatch, of Denmead —Mp, W. God- 
rich, of Durley Mill, to Miss Redman, of 
Winchester. 

Died.| At Southampton, in the Poly- 
gon, Miss J. E. Lichigaray, late of Philly- 
brook-house, Essex.—Mrs. Gilbert.—Mrs. 
Michell.—Mr. 8. Davies —51, Mrs, Cozens. 

At Winchester, Mrs. Page.—Mr, Allsop. 

At Portsmouth, 60, Mr. Barnes. 

At Lymington, 72, Tiomas Mitchell, 
esq.—Miss F. Mitchell —78, Mrs, Mitchell, 
widow of Mr. Charles M. 

At Charker-farm, 67, Mr. R. Owton. 

At Littlehanipton, 52, Mr. J. Hoge 

At Funtington, 75, Mrs. H. Andrews. 

At Hartley Wentney, Miss Husband. 

At Newport, Mrs. Wood, sen.—Mrs. 
Wood, daughter-in-law.—Mr. Crammer. 

WILTSHIRE. 

The clothing districts of this county 
have lately been a scene of disturbance, 
owing toa general rising of the weavers, 
many struck foran advance of wages. A 
temporary yieldiag has been agreed to by 
many of the master manufacturers. 

Married.| Pern Tinney, esq. of Salis- 
bury, to Mrs. Charlotte May.—Mr. J. Lit- 
tle, to Miss J. Davis, both of Trowbridge. 
—Mr. Dowing, of Mere, to Miss H. 
Mitchell, of Hatherley. 

Died.| At Devizes, Mr. Burt. 

At Bradford, 65, Mr. Jas. Hinton. 

At Melksham, Mrs. Webb. 

At Crewkerne, Mr. H. Steinbridge. 

At Market Lavington, 35, Mrs. M. A. 
Newman. 

At Baynton-house, Mrs. Long, widow of 
William L. esq. of Bath. 

SOMERSETSHIRE. 

As a proof of the low ebb of the agricul- 
tural interest, and necessarily of stock, at 
a late sale in this county, a recent Bath 
journal states thata pig three months old, 
was knocked down at only 6d., and another 
at ls.; the other stock was sold at or less 
than one-third of the price it would haye 
made seveu or eight years since. 

We regret to have to mention the new 
regulations of Ilchester gaol, which bear so 
cruelly and oppressively on Mr. Hunt, and 
hope, in our next, to be able to announce 
an amel oration. é 

Married.| Mr. D. Bennett, to Miss M-. 
Taylor ; Mr. W. Dore, to Mrs. J. Arnolds : 
all of Bath—Mr. T. Dorman, to Miss L. 
Smith, both of Walcot.—Mr. Jos. Parsons, 
to Miss Jerrard, both of Wells—Mr. T. 
Bussel, of Bridgewater, to Miss U. Dean, 
of Bath.—Mr. J. Sturridge, of Frome, to 
Miss W. S. White, of Bath.—Mr. Blake, 
of Bishop’s Lydeard, to Miss M. A. Bad- 
cock, of Taunton.—James Galpine, esq. of 
Marnhull, to Miss M. Sherring, of Mil- 

borne 


1822} 


borne Wyke—=Mr. Lanham, jun. of Wid- 
combe, to Miss A. Salter, of Batheaston.— 
Mr. W. Dickeson, to Miss E. Smith, both 
of Sherston Magna. 

Died.) At Bath, in Nile-street, Miss 
M. Nichols —In Great Stanhope-street, 
67, Mrs. Margaret Tucker, regretted.— 
84, Bernard Butter, esq. deservedly es- 
teemed and lamehted—Mrs. Ladeveze, 
highly regarded for her benevolence and 
feeling —In Abingdon-buildings, 69, Mr. 
J. Geary. : 

At Frome, Mrs. Barnett.—Mrs. Yates. 

At Wells, 95, Elias Pearce, esq.—Ed- 
ward Parfitt, esq. registrar, sincerely re- 
gretted. 

At Ilminster, William Vaughan Palmer, 
esq. of White Lackington, suddenly, 
greatly respected. . 

At Nether Stowey, Mr, S. and Mrs. A. 
Sulley —At Wellow, Mrs. Heal.—At Comp- 
ton Martin, 103d year, Mrs. Candy. 

At Kingsbridge, Jas Pascoe, esq. Corn- 
wall Light Infantry —At Combe-house, 
64, Kitty, wife of John Sydetham, esq. 
—At Castle Cary, at an advanced age, Mrs. 
Ashbold. 

DORSETSHIRE. 

Married.| Mr. Thos. Foot, to Miss J. 
Huut, both of Shaftesbury.—Mr. George 
King, of Sherborne, to Miss Garrett, of 
Temple Coombe. —Mr. G. Drake, of Mil- 
borne, St Andrew, to Miss E. Groves, of 
Cheverd-farm, Dewlish. 

Died.) At Shaftesbury, Mrs. Buckland, 
much respected. 

At Bridport, 61, Mr. T.Balster. 

DEVONSHIRE. 

At a county meeting lately held at Exe 
ter, Sir John Davie, bart. high sheriff, in 
the chair, pursuant to a requisition, to con- 
sider the propriety of petitioning Parlia- 
ment on the distressed state of agriculture, 
it was resolved unanimously on the motion 
of Earl Fortescue, seconded by Lord 
Rolle, that a petition for a diminished ex- 
penditure and taxation, should be presented 
to both houses. At this meeting Earl 
Fortescue, Lord Rolle, Mr. Newman, the 
Hon. Newton Fellows, &c. &c. delivered 
very excellent speeches; the general opi- 
nion was, that overwhelming taxation with 
inadequate representation in the Commons 
House of Parliament were the causes of the 
various distresses. 

Married.) Mr. J. Gore, to Miss M. 
Townsend, both of Exeter —John Bussell, 
of Exeter, to Miss C.S. De Mey, late of 
Berbice-——Mr. G. Holmes, of Hoopern- 
farm, to Miss Addicott, of Exeter —Mr. 
Sheffington Johnson, of London, to Miss 
E. Jenkins, of Exeter—Mr. Venn, of 
Whimple, to Miss M. Gale, of Exeter.— 
Mr. W.H. Evans, of Plymouth, to Miss A. 
Luscombe, of Yealmpton.—Mr. T. Cham- 
berlain, to Miss Bryant, both of Tiverton. 


Dorsetshire—Wales. 


191 


—Mr. W. Comines, of Witheridge, to Mrs. 
Burgess, of West Anstey —George Brage, 
esq. to Miss E. German, of 'Treign.—Mr. 
T. Hussey, of Weybrook, Exminster, to 
Miss E. Barlow, of Alphington—Lieut. 
S. Tancock, R.N. to Mrs. Mann, of Sowton. 

Died.| At Exeter, in the cathedral- 
church-yard, 61, Mr. T. Chave, greatly 
respected.—28, Mr.J. Herbert.—In Baring- 
place, 21, Miss C. Teed—80, Anne, wi- 
dow of the Rev. Archdeacon Barnes.—83, 
Mr. E. Adams. 

At Plyniouth, in New-passage, Mr. 
Crocker.—In Pembroke-street, 57, Mr. J.. 
Hoar, greatly regretted.—In Exeter street, 
63, Mrs. Tucker. : 

At Tiverton, R. H. Strong, esq. greatly 
lamented.—82, Mr. W. Ackland. 

At Topsham, Mr. R. Troake, of Sid- 
mouth. 

At Tollaton, 87, Edward Cary, esq. 
greatly lamented. 

At Dulverton, 63, James Brown, esq. 
deservedly regretted. 

At Heavitree, 43, 
greatly respected. 

At Smallack, 63, Mrs. Revel, wife of 
Samuel R. esq. 

At Alphington, 50, Mr. Newman, late of 
Exeter, regretted. 

CORNWALL. 

Married.\ Mr. J. Lavin, of Penzance, 

to Miss T. Roberts, of Poole-—Mr. T. 


Mr. W. Walland, 


. Stribley, to Miss Bene, both of Fowey.— 


Mr. J. Walter, to Miss A. Lean, both of 
East Looe —-Humphrey Willyams, esq. of 
Carnanton, to Miss E. F’. Neynoe, of Castle 
Neynoe, county of Sligo. 

Died.| At Penzance, 63, Mr. C. Tonkin. 

At Bodmin, Mrs. Hambly, wife of Joseph 
H. esq. 

At Penryn, Mrs. Spencer. 

At Launceston, 36, Mr. W. Searle. 

At Callington, Mrs. M. Whitley, greatly 
regretted. 

At Helston, Mrs. Lane. 

At Trewarthenick, 79, Mrs. Baker. 

WALES. 

Mr. J. Roberts, of Carnarvon, to Miss 
J. Jones, of Gorswen.—Mr. T. Hughes, 
to Mrs. J. Thomas, both of Carnarvon.— 
Edmund Leopold Gibert, esq. to Miss H. 
A. Gwynne, of Glanbrane-park, Carmar- 
thenskire. 

Died.| At Swansea, Mr. J. Phillips.— 
Miss E. Saunders, regretted.—35, Alice, 
wife of David Davies, esq. generally es- 
teemed and regretted. 

At Carmarthen, Mr. T. Humphreys. 

At Bangor, 46, Mrs. Thomas. 

At Pwllheli, 28, Cadwalader Ellis, esq. 
greatly regretted. 

At Newton, 25, Mr.S. Child —At Ken- 
coed,'Carmarthenshire, William Evans, late 
capt. 75th regt—At Hakin, near Milford, 
68, Mrs. Hill, wife of Mr. Archibald H. 

SCOTLAND, 


192 . 


SCOTLAND. 

Married.| At Edinburgh, J. Dallyell, 
esq. of the 3d Dragoon Guards, to Miss J, 
Anstruther, of Balcaskie—George Cleg- 
hora, esq. of Weens, county of Roxburgh, 
to Miss M.C. Dalton, of Sleningford-hall, 
Yorkshire. 

Died.) At Glasgow, Capt. Aveling, of 
the 77th reot. 

At Dumfries, Mr. J. Richardson, 

IRELAND. 

We fee] it impossible to record all the 
burnings, assassinations, and bloody con- 
flicts, of which the S.W. counties have pre- 
sented instances within the month. 

A county meeting was lately held at Kil- 
kenny, when 2 series of resolutions, and a 
petition founded thereon, for the removal 
of the Catholic disabilities, were agreed 
to. Mr. T. Barnes, in seconding the re- 
solutions, said, “It was the wish of his 
majesty’s ministérs to have a general ex- 
pression of public sentiment on the sub- 
ject.” We heartily wish them success. 

Ata meeting of the landowners of the 
parish of Arglish, in the county of Water- 
ford, on the 24th ult. resolutions were pas- 
sed to the following eifect: That many far- 
‘mers are indebted for several years’ arrears 
of tythes, which they have no means or 
prospect of ever being able to discharge : 
that the long tolerated and accumulating 
arrears show the charge to have been ‘at 
first exorbitant; and that, as no advan- 
tage can be derived for holding men ac- 
countable for sums they are unable to pay, 
such debts should be compounded for, or 
remitted. To the Duke of Devonshire, 
who is patron of the same village of Ar- 
glish, a memorial was voted, which states 
that a few tenants hold farms of a hundred 
acres or upwards, “but the bulk of the 
parishioners are poor and indigent, many 


Scotland—Abroad. 


-{Mareh 1, 


being wretched cottagers, to all intents and 
purposes, as real beggars as any of those 
who crave charity on the highways.’ They 
proceed to complain of the system of tythe- 
farming, and mention the case -of “a 
wretched man, at this moment, in this in- 
clement season of the year, who, with a 
family of five children, has been deprived 
of their only means of subsistence, by his 
potatoes being seized and detained for a 
sum of forty shillings, which has arisen by 
costs and expeices, on account of fifteen 
shillings: tithe.” 

Married | Haliiday Bruce, esq. of Dub 
lin, to Miss A. Brue, of Bristol —At 
Charlestown, T. Leeke, esq. barrister, to 
nna Shaw, daughter of the Hon. Matt. 
Plunkett.— George William Blathwayt, 
esq. of the Ist, or King’s Dragoon Guards, 
to Miss Marianne Vesez, of Magherafelt. 

Died.| At Dublin, 78, Richard Nevill, 
esq. teller of the exchequer, in Ireland.— 
Mrs. Wolseley, widow of Rev. William W- 

At Cork, 88, the Rev. Dr. Atterbury, 
precentor of Cloyne, rector and vicar of 
the uvion of Clonmell, grandson of Atter- 
bury, bishop of Rochester. c nat 

At Glynn, county of Antrim, George 
Anson M‘Cleverty, esq. — 108, Lewis 
O' Dynell, esq. of Brew, county of Mayo. 

ABROAD. 

Died.) At British Accra, on the coast of 
Africa, onthe tth of October Jast, in his 
32nd year, Anthony Calvert Hutton, esq. 
merchant, elder son of William Bernard 
Hutton, of Watling-street, in the City of 
Loudon, merchant. He was a pattern to 
the best in filial and brotherly affection, a 
most faithful and sincere friend, and very 
good Christian: his memory will be ever 
‘fondly revered by a large circle of friends, 
but most by the writer of this, for she 
knew him best. 


TO CORRESPONDENTS 
We thank our Edinburgh Friend, but aswe do not see the Magazine to which he 
alludes, and it is we believe, unseen south of the Tweed, its impertinences neither 
affect nor disturbus. In regard to malignant libellers, we feel in regard to them, just 
as we should with respect to a groupe of Toads who, when disturbed in their ditches or © 
holes, spit their venom, but without effect or anneyance. 
At page 138 of the presen Number, in the paragraph relative to Davip WILLIAMS, 


Jor “ communing” read “ commanding.” 


Many articles will elim special attention in this Number. The Jirst paper solves a 


problem which hitherto has baffled enquiry. 
has nothing superior in the language. 


The second, asa display of wit and satire, 


In tours and foreign letters—we are eminently 


rich in the Journey in Columbia, in the Letiers from Persia, in the Your in Wales, in 
the highly interesting article of H. Pouquevilie, and in the important information con- 
tained in Capt. Raynes Route, which we regret we could not afford to illustrate with a 
map. .TheL’Ape italiana and tke German Student, present modern-subjects. The 
Philosophy of Criticism will be found to maintain tts spirit—and in pure Belles Let- 
tres, the article oi, the Old Ballad andon Hr. Thelwalls Poetry will afford gratifica~ 
tion. The Lriter on Gibbon, and Mr. BAKEWELL’S ingenious suggestion, merit respect. 
The Poetry, ike Steprensiana, always curious and original, the Public: Societies, 
Patents, Varieties, Chemical Report, Critical Proemium, §c. §c. will be found rich in 
materials ; and in the Public Affairs, we have been so fortunute as to procure a Par- 
Viamentary copy of the New POPULATION ABSTRACT, which has noi been otherwise 
published. ; 


THE 


SELDEN’S BIRTH-PLACE, AT SALVINGTON, IN SUSSEX. 


The learned SELDEN was born at Salvington, near West Tarring, in Sussex, in a house 
now the property of Mr. James Brookbanks. Salvington consists of about twenty houses, 
mostly thatched. SELDEN’s cottage, upon the left-hand, in a lane, is built of brick and 
flint, mixed, to the height of about eight feet, and then another intermixture of wood and 
plaister to the top. The anuexed Inscription is carved in wood, on the lintel of the door, 
on the inside, and is said to be the work of its former celebrated inhabitant, in 1601, 


GRATVS HONESTE MIH NOCIA VDAR INITO 
SEDEB FVRABEA NOSV FAGA SOLVTA TIBI. 


It has been thus translated : 


An honest man a friendly welcome meets, 
My doors (though open) ne'er a rogue admits. 


Or better thus, by Dr. Evans : 


An honest man is always weleome here— 
To rogues I grant no hospitable cheer. 


For the Monthly Magazine. 
POLITICS of LOWER CANADA. 
HE constitution of Lower Canada 

is modelled on that of England ; 

a Lower House,* elected by the mass of 


* The Provincial Legislature as erected 
by act 31 Geo. III.c. 31. (1791) consists of 
his Majesty acting by a Goveraor,a Le- 
gislative Council of fifteen members, ap- 
pointed by his Majesty, and a House of 
Assembly, elected for four years, by sub- 
jects resident within the province, and 
possessed in counties of property to the 
yearly value of forty shillings, in the towns 

MONTHLY Maa. No, 366. 


the people, a Legislative Council, ap- 
pointed by the crown as a kind of aris- 
tocracy, and a Governor and Executive 
Council, to represent the executive ite 
self. The Criminal Code and Forms of 
Judicature are English, while the dis- 
positions of property and its relations 


of the yearly value of five pounds, or paying 
rent to the amount of ten pounds yearly. 
As almost every Canadian, resident in 
the country, is a small landholder, and pro- 
perty in towns is increasing in value, the 
above qualifications amount very nearlyto 
universal suffrage. 

2B are 


194 


are still in a great measure directed by 
the old-French’ law and customs of the 
country. The Catholic religion is fully 
tolerated and forms no ground of ea- 
clusion from political employment. Con- 
sidering this constitution under its. ge- 
neral aspect aud_bearing, it must be 
allowed to be fair; considering it as 
a free gift to a conquered country, it 
must be allowed to be liberal. Whence 
then the endless quarrels betwixt the 
several branches of it? The pertina- 
cious opposition of the Lower House to 
the Executive? Their impeachments 
and menacing resolutions? Suspension 
of all useful labours? Repeated disso- 
lutions and angry messages of gover- 
nors, and constant re-election of the 
sane hostile members? ‘This Spa 
of power and interest, this impede 
action, clearly evinces some malady in 
the constitution, for which the consti- 
tution itself furnishes no remedy. 
These violent humours have no health- 
ful vent. Many have proposed reme- 
dies, but few have taken pains to in- 
vestigate the seat and origin of the dis- 
ease, except by a suminary assumption 
that the present government did not suit 
the disposition of the Canadians, BE- 
CAUSE they were unfit for a free govern- 
ment. ~It is better to begin like good 
physicians with investigating the com- 
ponent elements of the body cerporate, 
the manner in which they are combined, 
the various sympathies or aniipathies 
by which they are attracted er repelled, 
so as to discover whether the quantum 
of force be not too great in some 
parts of the machine and too small in 
others, to keep the whole in its proper 
action. 

1. The population is eomposed of 
French, or Canadians properly so call- 
ed, and English, including Scotch and 
Irish settlers. 

This forms the first division accord- 
ing to nation or language. 

2. Property. The property of the 
soil is-almost exclusively in the hands 
of the Canadians." The commerce in 
those of the English, who have, both 
from their connexion, education and 
language, advantages which render all 
competition hupeless.t Offices of emo- 


ated settlers are too few in 
the lower province to be an exception, 
and great English land owners still fewer. 

+ Fer the conclusion drawn from this 
circumstance against the Canadian charac- 
der. Vide pamphlet of Camillus, by Mr. 
Richardson, of Moxtreal. 


- Pelitics of Lower Canada. 


| April }, 


lument and high official situations, are, 
with very few exceptions, in the hands 
of the English. The avocats are, as 
might be expected, generally Cana- 
dians, so are the mass of smal] traders, 
but. the principal store or shopkeepers 
are English. 

3. Religion. The Canadians exclu- 
sively Catholics, and the English Pro- 
testants. Here then we have the go- 
vernors and governed separated by the 
three great distinctions of language, 
property and religion. 

4. Society, or Social Intercourse. 
This is not a small point, for it often 
modifies other distinctions and sofiens 
the contrarieties of habits or -poli- 
tical discordance; here it is useless 
in these respects. The English and 
Canadians having never more than for- 
mal intercourse with each other. 

These distinctions are not however 
the immediate productive causes of the 
present political disputes. In some 
cases they act as secondary causes, but 
more generally serve as fuel and 
strength to the operation of the first 
cause, which is “ the Constitution of the 
House of Assembly.” This is purely 
democrative both in principles and 
practice. The executive having no 
means of controling or influencing elec- 
tions, the represeatatives are accord- 
ingly chosen from those classes of so- 
ciety to whom the people are known, 
and whom the people know: lawyers 
and inferior tradesmen—good or bad; 
in short the real choice of the people. 

What is the nature and intent of a 
representative body so constituted ? 
That it should be the primum mobile of 
the state; the source of all power not 
strictly executive: this is the necessary 
consequence of calling the publie will 
into action. It cannot bea subordinate 
agent; all democracies, all representa- 
tive governments have this defect: par- 
liaments must become the focus of ta- 
lents and ambition, and if they are not 
also the stepping stones to power, must 
be arrayed against it. Yn England the 
man, or body of men, whose talents or 
influence command a majority in par- 
liament must stand at the head of the 
government. It is the same inthe con- 
gress of the. United States, as weil as 
in each particular state. It isthe saine 
in France, but how is it. in Canada, 
where the election is more purely de- 
mocratical than in any of these nations 2? 
Here too it concentrates the ambition, 
IT will even say the talents of the coun- 
try; but in this point is the essential 

difference 


1822. 
difference—Jt és no stepping-stone ; the 
power is in the hands of the two coun- 
cils and the executive, between whom 
and the House of Assembly is drawn 
an impassable barrier of interests, ha- 
bits and prejudices. 

The march of the human mind is 
forward: here it is arrested, and frets 
itself against an obstacle in opposition 
to its nature. The English party sel- 
dom troubles itself to look into human 
nature for the origin of this hostile 
spirit. They have, however, a con- 
nected system by which it is accounted 
for. The Canadians are slaves here- 
ditary, and unfit for the blessings 
of political freedom: they are con- 
sequently led away by factious dis- 
contented men, principally lawyers, 
who take advantage of their ignorance 
to embarrass the execntive and elevate 
themselves in the confusion. This con- 
clusion is not altogether false; but a 
serious error arises from considering 
this temper not as the routine of human 
nature, acting always similarly in simi- 
lar circumstances, but as the factions 
spirit of a few individuals with whom 
it might be extinguished. An impres- 
sion to this effect seldom fails to be 
made on the mind of the governor, and 
through him, on the mind of ministers 
ait home: Facts themselves strengthen 
this impression. It is sufficiently pro- 
bable that the recent attacks on the 
eonduct of the chief justice were dic- 
tated by a desire to embarrass the go- 
vernment, and generally to lower it in 
the eyes of the people. ‘The leaders of 
the House, ever ready to take advantage 
of the errors of the government, beat 
about for opportunities to attack ; 
should none effer themselves, and this 
is rare, they must be foreed. Public 
good must be the pretext, because the 
real and natural motive cannot be al- 
ledged. The attack fails; because the 
power is still substantially in the exe- 
cutive, but the intended effect is pre- 
duced. Exacerbation, suspicion, a 
weakening of respect towards the go- 
vernment, sympathy with their repre- 
sentatives as fellow-sufferers—and here 
the distinctions abovementioned tell. 
There is little or no communication 
betwixt the English and the Canadians 
by which evil impressions might be 
softened. The upper classes of Cana- 
dians cannot cope with the English in 
expense, and therefore shrink from an 
association in which they must appear 
to disadvantage: language increases 
this disposition. Having no bond of 


Politics of Lower Canada. 


195 


pleasure or interest, few English will 
trouble themseives to acquire fluency 
in the language of a people whose so- 
ciety they count not worth having. 
Whe English seem proud and cold—the 
Canadians shabby and ignorant. The 
Canadians (with the exception of the 
few in office, who for that very reason 
are not very popular) make no part of 
the governor’s circle. Puplic bicker- 
ings are not sofiened by personal inter- 
course, but this connexion belwixt the 
people and their leaders is strengthened 
by this exclusion, 

Of the Governor. The disadvantages 
under which the governor labours are 
sufficient to render the best intentions 
and even talents of no effect... He ar- 
rives a perfect stranger to the country 
and its inhabitants; and in order to be 
informed passes into the hands ef the 
very persons least likely to make a true 
and correct representation of them. 
To shew the force of this observation, 
it is sufficient to state the sentiments of 
the English party with regard to the 
present state of politics, and means of 
remedying the evil. By the English 
party 1 mean the members of the two 
councils, aud principal officers-of go- 
vernment, whose situation, gives Uhem 
the governor’s ear. They give the 
tone to the rest, if there can, be said to 
be any remainder, for the military ta'se 
little interest in matters of civil go- 
vernment. The first and general idea 
of this. party is, that the Canadians 
have something in their constitution 
which renders them tufit to appreciate 
or enjoy a free government. This no- 
tion is set forth at length in a pamphlet 
signed Camillus, by one of the leading 
merchants of Montreal,* and fairly re- 
presents the geveral sentiment-of the 
party. As the Canadians are unfit for 
a free government, it follows that the 
House of Assembly és @ tier in the con- 
stitution, the plave of which might be 
admirably supplied by the two councils ; 
a fact of which it is impossible they 
should doubt, being themselves the 
component parts of both, and having an 
abundant conviction of their own, abi- 
lity to bear all the burthen, power, and 
emoluments of office. This reasoning 
is enforced by a description of the kind 
of persons of whom the assembly is 
composed, being either factious dema- 
gogues, generally lawyers, or petty 
tradesmen, many of whom are unable 
to write their own names. This, though 


* Mro R———n. 


196 


the worst point of view, is not altogether 
a false one, and it is the comparative 
meanness of many of the members which 
mingles a feeling as of offended dignity 
with the irritation frequently occasion- 
ed by their proceedings: not only is 
faction to be repressed ; disorganizing 
principle (we know the magic of the 
word) tu he put down, but an insult is 
to be revenged. Hence another fa- 
vourite topic—an energetic government 
—meaning prosecutions for libels, fines, 
imprisonments, in a word, the gagging 
the house, if (which would be still bet- 
ter) the ministry cannot be induced to 
do it away altogether. It cannot be 
supposed that with this temper the 
English are extremely candid, or very 
much to be trusted iu their representa- 
tion of obnoxious individuals. If the 
tenour of their lives presents no specific 
misdoing with which to blast their 
characters, they must at least be fac- 
tious misanthropes, men of dangerous 
principles, jacobins, or philosophers, 
words of nearly the same import in the 
minds of their commercial judges. The 
Roman Catholic religion here is an- 
other source of incorrect feeling. No 
people on earth are soberer in their 
i zeal, than the Canadian Eng- 
ish, who have never found means to 
finish the only two churches they have 
in the province ; none, however, make 
a greater point of suspecting, and fidget- 
ting, and apprehending, whenever the 
Catholic religion is concerned. Some 
yes to have inherited and cherished 
this feeling since the time of the con- 
quest of the province, when some pre- 
caution might be necessary. One can- 
not help fancying these politicians 
have slept ever since that event took 
place. These apprehensions, however, 
countenance sagacious precautions, 
which have never failed of their effect, 
and have given occasion for solemn ca- 
binet councils, and sometimes energetic 
measures, which could never have ex- 
isted had ideas moved on with the 
times. Mr. R dis at the head of 
these alarmists, and contrived during 
Sir J. Craig’s administration, to keep 
his suspicions in comfortable activity. 
I believe the majority of the party would 
feel easy enough about the catholics, 
were they called by any name which 
had a less hereditary claim to the ap- 
prehension of politicians. Another fa- 
vourite doctrine of the English party is, 
that the Canadians are not only unfit for 
the blessing of a free constitution, but 
are wholly indifferent to it, and if not 


Politics of Lower Canada. 


[April 1, 


worked upon by factious demagogues, 
would sigh for the returu of the good 
old times, when they knew no law but 
the will of the governor and his coun- 
cils, and consequently that nothing but 
energetic measures against their leaders 
is required to put every thing into 
peaceable order. 

Such are the sentiments carefully in- 
stilled into each new governor; the 
pene of the Lower House are set 

efore him in a proper light; the lead- 
ers of the opposition described in their 
true colours. If le isa man of a very 
cautious mind, he may indeed suspect 
that truth seldom lies altogether on one 
side; but from whom is he to derive in- 
formation? He is as completely shut 
out from the body of the people as they 
are from him; he has not grown up in 
the country; he has no experience to 
oppose to fallacious representations. It 
is not to be expected he has previously 
studied the disputes and politics of a 
distant colony, with which he could 
anticipate no connexion. As a mili- 
tary man his habits dispose him to be 
little indulgent to opposition, or to view 
it in any other light than a criminal 
struggle against lawful authority ; he 
is besides persuaded (for it is difficult 
to imagine a man long unpersuaded 
when all about him are of one opinion) 
that neither the inclinations nor happi- 
ness of people are interested in the dis- 

utes of their leaders: how then can 

e view them but as disturbers of the 
public peace, vulgar men struggling 
for place and power? and much of this 
is true. He prepares to renew the com- 
bat of his predecessors, and the idea 
gains ground that, as no change pro- 

uces tranquillity, the constitution is 
unfit for the country and should be 
changed. 

I think this statement of the question 
presents the following topics of con- 
sideration. 

1. That the Canadians are unfit fora 
free constitution. 

2. That they are indifferent about it. 

3. That the parliament is wretchedly 
composed. 

4. That the leaders of the opposition 
are actuated by factious motives. 

1. The first point is one of those 
abstract questions upon which volumes 
might be written without affording a 
decision. It is not easy to shew why a 
mild, moral and patient people must 
necessarily be governed by the bayonet. 
They need instruction it is said: per- 
haps so; but political instruction is the 

consequence 


1822.] 


consequence of freedom, as ignorance is 
of arbitrary government. It is an odd 
idea to instruct men in their political 
interests by removing them from all 
concern in the management of them ; 
but the question if proved is too abstract 
for practical results. I believe it was 
started by the variety of merchants 
ambitious of exclusive empire in the 
colony. 

2. The solution of this question 
would go far to determine the first ; for 
an indifference to freedom seems to ar- 
gue an unfitness for it; but how is this 
indifference manifested? As often as the 
house has been dissolved the opposition 
members have been pertinaciously re- 
turned. It isa well-known fact, that go- 
vernment cannot influence the return of 
asingle member, and I have hearda Seig- 
neur complain, that his own tenantry 
would not support him against a popu- 
lar candidate. Now let all this prove 
what it may it will never prove in- 
difference. 

3. I have already hinted in what 
manner this objection is urged, and 
have partly admitted the fact: it is the 
necessary consequence of the present 
system. What man of considerable 
property or eminence in society will 
aspire to a situation which leads neither 
to honour nor profit? Certainly not 
the members of the two councils, who 
are already in the exclusive possession 
of both: nor will men of business, 
English merchants, undergo the trouble 
of attendance, the daily drudgery of 
committees, the tedious detail of public 
business, for the sake of a people they 
despise, and all this without a chance of 
remuneration? Accordingly the seats 
fall to the lot of the only two classes of 
people likely to aspire to them. Cana- 
dian tradesmen or lawyers, who thus 
gratify a petty ambition, and introduce 
themselves to the knowledge and fa- 
vour of those classes of society on whom 
they depend for custom; and secondly, 
a few men of talents, who from motives 
of disgust, or ambition, seek to make 
the House subservient to their views by 
wielding it against the government. 
The only ground for astonishment un- 
der these circumstances is, that the 
House is so well composed, that it con- 
tains in the aggregate so much talent 
both for business and debate. I should 
think it more than dubious if the joint 
wisdom of the two councils could pro- 
duce as much—witness their memorable 
and long-winded protest against the 
right of impeachment claimed by the 


Politics of Lower Canada, 


197 


House; their address to the Prince Re- 
gent, &c. &c. 

4, It is not very extraordinary that 
when one party has a monopoly of all 
the honours and emoluments of govern- 
ment, and another party endeavours to 
procure ashare in it, the former should 
not only call, but really think the latter 
the most factious set of people upon 
earth. Candour, however, will observe 
that the motives of public men are ge- 
nerally of a mixed nature, and that it 
is quite as probable that one party 
should conscientiously believe that 
their accession to power would serve 
the public, as that the other should 
hold the same opinion of their exclu- 
sion from it. Political ambition is sel- 
doma passion wholly selfish. Perhaps 
in order to judge of a man’s political 
motives it is safe to take his private 
character into the question. It is not 
often that a man, correct in private life, 
isa great Jacobin in politics ; moreover 
when party can fix no precise stigma on 
the private character of its opponents, 
but contents itself with such yague 
terms of reproach as misanthrope, it is 
pretty safe to conclude they have no- 
thing more particular to object. I have 
heard this term repeatedly applied to 
the two leading opposition men, Mr. 
Stewart, and Judge Bedar. The first 
of whom is known by his acquaintances 
to be remarkably social, and the latter 
with as much kind-hearted simplicity 
as a child, but united with an extreme 
degree of bashful aukwardness derived 
from his secluded literary habits. Yet 
there are many men, and those not in- 
fimi ordinis, who look upon these two 
gentlemen as acouple of Timons, plot- 
ting in their cells the destruction of the 
whole human race. By the bye, mésan- 
thropes are not likely to trouble them- 
selves much about the common weal, 
either to mar or mend it. I have fre- 
quently heard this question put ina 
manner which seemed to consider the 

roposition undeniable: Would it not 
he much better if these men, instead of 
factiously embarrassing government, 
would. apply themselves to the com- 
mon-place business and improvement 
of the province? I say undoubtedly 
it would; but it is to be ignorant of hu- 
man nature and the ordinary motives 
of public exertion, to suppose men of 
talents and ambition will devote them- 
selves to a perpetual round of unho- 
noured drudgery, with no prospect of 
remuneration beyond the applause of 
their own consciences: a system which 
supposes 


198 


‘supposes such incessant self-denial, is 
fit only for Utopia. I am quite sure 
those who usually put this question 
would never think of acting on it them- 
selves. B. 
———— 
To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. 
SIR, 
A he the 5th of an interesting series of 
“ Letters from the South of Italy, 
by a recent traveller,”’ (p. 506 of your 
last vol.) a very circumstantial account 
is given of that “ wonder of nature,” 
Mount Etna. In that letter the tra- 
veller censures the method of measur- 
ing the heights of mountains by the ba- 
rometer; and (p. 508, note,) gives an 
observation, aud a trigonometrical cal- 
culation founded thereon, from which 
results “ for the axis side of Etna four 
miles and twenty-four eighty-fourths, 
above four miles and a quarter, or 
about twenty thousand four hundred 
(22628) feet for the total height. This 
measure,”’ says the traveller, “is not 
perhaps perfectly correct, but, at least, 
it approximates very near to it (cor- 
rectness.) If this height appears sur- 
prising,”’ he continues, “ we ought to 
consider that other great mountains 
have never been measured but with the 
barometer, and that Mr. Brydone was 
surprised to see the mercury here de- 
scending nearly two inches lower than 
on the summit of the Alps.” 

The height thus determined does cer- 
tainly appear surprising; it so much ex- 
ceeds the heightassigned toEtna byevery 
other observer (with the exception per- 
haps of that visionary, Kircher, only,) 
that an enquirer, without questioning 
the greater correctness of the trigonome- 
trical, when compared with the baro- 
metrical method of measuring altitudes, 
would be inclined to suspect some in- 
accuracy in the observation, or error in 
the calculation made by the traveller. 
With respect to the former, it does not 
appear very probable that an observa- 
tion made at the distance of sixty miles, 
and that distance perhaps not ac- 
curately ascertained, can furnish data 
sufficiently correct for a near approxi- 
mation to the true altitude of Etna; 
and with respect to the latter, it will 
be found that the caleulator has erred 
by employing in his calculation the 
arcs or measures of the angles of his 
triangle, instead of their sixes ; which, 
except in very small arcs, differ con- 
siderably ; and when the two angles 
are very unequal, as in the ease under 
consideration, are far from being pro- 


Comparative Heights of Mouniains. 


[April 1, 


portional. Correcting a slight typogra- 
phical error (66 being printed for 60) 
and employing the sines of the angles 
instead of the angles themselves, the 
proportion given by the traveller will 
stand thus: 

Sin. 84° Sin. 6° 
9915219 *99™? I. 1045245 

Bat the calculation may be facilitated 
by substituting the following propor- 
tion for that of the traveller : 

S ¢ 0 
Ralls.) 60. m.:: {Yostosat : 630625 m.* 

Hence it appears that the result, 
when correctly deduced from the data, 
(iustead of being 424, that is 4? miles, 
or 22628 feet, as determined by the 
traveller,) amounts to the still more 
astonishing- height of 6°30625 miles, or 
33297 feet. This result is more than 
three times the height assigned to Etna 
by Sir George Shuckburgh or Saussure, 
whose respective measures are 10954 
and 10965 feet, and are probably the 
most correct of any yet given. It is, 
therefore, very evident that the tra- 
veller, however accurate and luminous 
his descriptions in general may be, (and 
the present writer readily acknowledges 
his admiration of them,) has erred in 
one or both of the dataft on which his 
calculation is founded. 

Respecting the barometrical method 
of measuring altitudes, the writer of 
thearticle Barometer in the Edinburgh 
Encyclopedia, says ‘* The results ob- 
tained by means of this instrument ap- 
proach so near to perfect accuracy, 
when all circumstances are properly = 
estimated, that this method of deter- 
mining the heights of mountains is, in 
many cases, even preferable to the geo- 
metrical methods.’? Though some 
persons may not be disposed to agree 
with the encyclopzdist, yet it must be 
acknowledged that ** the custom of 
calculating the elevation” of mountains 
“ with this instrument,’ when applied 
conjunctively with the thermometer, 
according to the precepts laid down by 


i :6°30625 m. 


* In the former of these proportions the 
result, as is well known, is more expedi- 
tiously known by logarithms. In the lat- 
ter the logarithmic process offers no ad- 
vantage, as it requires three inspections of 
the tables ; whereas only one inspection is 
required when logarithms are not employ- 
ed;—that for the purpose of taking out 
the natural tangent of 6°. 

+ No allowance appears to have beea 
made for refraction, though its effect in 
elevating very distant terrestrial objects is 
by no means inconsiderable. 

De 


1822. ] 


De Lue and other late writers,” is not 
so “ extremely blameable” as the tra- 
veller imagines it to be. 

Alion Pari. JOHN SMITH. 


a 
for the Monthly Magazine. 

The EFFECT of mere HERBACEOUS 
FOOD upon the HUMAN CONSTITU- 
TION, communicated by Mir. JOSEPH 
HOULTON. of SAFFRON WALDEN; 
from the Journal de Physiologie Ez- 
perimentale. 

T is with pain that I depict a scene, 

the sight of which was so distress- 

ing to me and to all feeling minds, that 
T should not refer to it, were I certain 
that any one had published the valua- 
ble facts connected with the laws of 
animal life, and the preservation of 
health which that mournful event af- 
forded. 

Taliude to the awful famine, which 
in 1817 desolated the central coast of 
France, and I shall now state what un- 
happily occurred under my own per- 
sonal observation. The continual rains 
of 1816 destroyed or prevented the 
ripening of nearly all the grain sown in 
the departments of the Ain, the Jura, 
the Doubs, the Haute Saéne, the 
Vosges, and a part of the Sadéne and 
Loire, &c. from which cause a dread- 
ful famine arose, which continued dur- 
ing the first six months of 1817. The 
sufferers subsisted during the months 
of January, February, and March on 
potatoes, oat-bread, pollard er bran, 
and other inferior articles; the abso- 
lutely destitute were compelled to beg. 

At length ail resources being ex- 
hausted, and every article of food hav- 
ing reached a price tili then unheard of, 
the three following months presented 
scenes of the moi appalling character ; 
the meadows and fields were covered 
with our starving felluw-creatures, who 
were, so to speak, contending with the 
cattle for the herbage. Hunger at this 

riod reduced them to live solely on 

erbaceous vegetables, such as goats- 
beard, wild sorrel, nettles, thistles, 
bean tops, leaves of trees, &c.; these 
herbs were chopped up, boiled, and 
mashed: when they were too old and 
tough to eat in that state, they express- 

_ed the juice; and, according to their 

means, they either used these pulps or 


* Various rules have been given by phi- 
losophers for the measurement of altitudes 
by the barometer. ‘Those of Dr. Robison, 
De Luc, Sir George Shickburgh, and Dr. 
Hutton, may be seen in Dr. Gregory’s Me- 
chanics, beok 5, chap 2 


~“ 


Effects of mere Herlaceous Food on the Constitution. 


199 


juices alone, or mixed with a little 
coarse meal.* 

This new kind of food did not agree 
with the human constitution, and the 
general and constant result of this ex- 
clusive herbaceous regimen, continued 
for such a Jength of time, was univer- 
sal anasareca, without ascites or disease 
of the liver, or of any abdominal viscus. 

This state of dropsical effusion of 
which I have just spoken, continued 
during the whole of the time that such 
fool was used, even during the heat of 
suminer, and it did not disappear till 
after the harvest of 1817 by the return 
to a natural diet; but a few indivi- 
duals continued to have the face, abdo- 
men, legs or feet bloated for some 
months afterwards. 

But, unfortunately, all did not es- 
cape so cheaply, for many of the less 
vigorous, or who used this bad food too 
long, or too exclusively, or who de- 
pended for their subsistence upon the 
precarious support of .mendicity, fell 
victims, and were frequently found 
dead by the road side. My friend 
Guillaumed, having opened the bodies 
of six of these unfortunate beings, 
found the stomach and _ intestines 
extremely contiacted, and containing 
only masticated vegetables and her- 
baceous feeces; other individuals 
perished. not from hunger, but froma 
species of indigestion occasioned by the 
eating at the harvest too voraciously of 
barley bread. 

There were but few prevailing dis- 
eases this year, and very few patients. 

‘To confirm this grand but too me- 
lancholy faet, and to show how con- 
stant nature is, I shall add three ob- 
servations analogous to those I have 
already stated. 

1. The philosopher Heraclitus hav- 
ing, from misanthropy, retired. into 
the mountains, and having there lived 
entirely on herbs, became dropsical 
and died. 

YZ. In the year 536, under king 
Gontram, a famine similar to that of 


* Many of these poor creatures appeased 
their hunger with snails, of which they 
destroyed an ineredible number in the 
mountainous parts; those who eat them to 
excess were effected (as observed by Guil- 
Jaumod,) with a kind of stupor and nareo- 
ticism analogous to that which accom- 
panies slight poisoning by belladonna ; 
nevertheless, ihey suffered no eruption or 
cutaneous inflammation, similarto what has 
been many times observed to succeed the 
eating of mussels, &c. 

1817, 


200 


1817, desolated France. The sufferers 
having been reduced to live on roots of 
fern, grape seeds, catkins of hazel, but 
more particularly on corn cut green as 
for hay, and various other herbs, 
perished likewise dropsical. 

3. My honourable friend M. Agron, a 
very distinguished botanist, who has for 
a considerable time practised medicine 
with success in Guadaloupe, assures me 
that he has seeu there four thousand 
negroes perish in a famine, all dropsical, 
having supported life for some time by 
eating herbs. 

When, therefore, the results of ob- 
servation and experience are identical 
at all times, and under all climates, we 
may regard them as certain, and from 
so great a number of facts we may 
safely conclude that man is not herbi- 
vorous, GASPARD. 

March \, 1822. 

—>——— 
For the Monthly Magazine. 
DESCRIPTION of a TURKISH IMPE- 

RIAL ARMY Of CONTINGENTS, re- 

quired from the VIZIRS, PASHAS, or 

other GOVERNORS of PROVINCES ; 

written by an eye-witness. 

HE most accurate notion which 
can be formed of a Turkish impe- 

rial army of provincial contingent 
troops, (if troops they deserve to be 
called) must be obtained by comparing 
them with those bands of armed pil- 
grims, who, in days of yore, traversed 
Europe from various countries to St. 
Jago af Compostella, or our lady of the 
Pillar, in Saragossa, to the holy house 
of Loretto, &e. &e. _ Regulating and 
animating their mareh by hymus and 
litanies, their devotions, uninterrupted 
excepting when some traveller was 
to be stript, some village to be plun- 
dered and burnt. But instead of long 
trains of peregrinators adorned with 
crosses and cockle-shells, the Ottoman 
army exhibits Mahometan monks in 
party-coloured caps and garments, 
mounted, as a mark of humility, on 
asses, marching at the head of tumul- 
tuary columns, flourishing the flags of 
the prophet and vociferating prayers 
and imprecations with all their might. 

Behind these appear the Delis, or select 
horsemen, who scour and plunder the 
country on every side. Then follow 
the Timariotes, or national cavalry, 
mounted on horses or mules, which 
they are bound to provide: but rarely 
indeed in any other way than at the 
expense of the lawful owners, who fall 
in their route; furnished with pack- 
saddles, and ropes for stirrups. 


Description of a Turkish Imperial Army. 


| April 1, 


Last advance the infantry, once the 
glory of an Ottoman army, but now 
held as the meanest body in their ser- 
vice. Armed with guns without bayo- 
nets, with enormous horse-pistols and 
massy daggers, they press forward in 
confused crowds, raising clouds of dust, 
as numerous flocks of sheep hurried on 
by the shepherds, Behind this infantry 
come the topgis, or artillery, their 
guns dragged along by buffaloes, or by 
Christian slaves equally under the 
lash. 

The rear of this strange association of 
barbarians of various countries, lan- 
guages and habits of life; some shout- 
ing and singing aloud, others firing off 
their pieces loaded with ball into the 
air; is closed by the commanders of 
different ranks, superbly apparelled, 
and surrounded by multitudes of inso- 
lent attendants and servants ; liberally 
exercising their cudgels on all who do 
not keep a duly respectful distance 
from their haughty masters. Notwith- 
standing their brutality, yet it is under 
the protection of these attendants that 
the Greek suttlers and canteeners, the 
Jew furnishers of clothing, old or new, 
the gypsey blacksmiths, conjurors, and 
fortune-tellers, poultry-stealers, and 
when requisite,executioners, place them- 
selves. 

No Turkish army ever takes the 
field without Jewish contractors and 
furnishers ; for they supply the Spahis 
and Timariotes with barley for their 
horses, and bread-corn for the men; 
unless the army be to remain for some 
time in one position; when the sur- 
rounding country, friend or foe, is 
equally laid under contribution. 

When on a march, the army halt for 
the night, and the attendants are em- 
ployed to set up tents for the comman- 
ders; the bazars, or markets, are opened 
in various parts of the camp. The 
scouring parties produce the sheep, &c. 
they have stolen; the gipsies open 
their bags of poultry, often suffocated 
by the sulphur burnt under the trees 
or roosts to bring them down; the 
suttlers and coffee-men display their 
stores and stoves ; the Jews their scales 
for exchange of money; the soldiers 
sing to the sound of their lute; the 
seraskier ov commander holds his court 5 
the great men give and receive visits 
of ceremony :—but all this time no 
out-post, not even a sentinel is appoint- 
ed; every one lays him down to rest 
under the protection of that fatality in 
which the essence of Mussulmanism 
consists. 


For 


1822.] The Philosophy of Contemporary Criticism.—No, XIX. 


THE PHILOSOPHY OF CONTEM- 
PORARY CRITICISM. 
No. XIX. 
Quarterly Review, No. 31. 
AVING in our last notice of this 
journal endeavoured to expose 
the general principles, or rather the 
abuse of all principle, on which it is 
conducted, we shall enter on the exa- 
mination of the present Number with- 
out preface. 

The first article is headed “ The Navy 
of England and of France,” and is a 
notice of M. Dupin’s work on the navy 
of Great Britain, a subject not deeply 
interesting at the present moment ; and 
the observations of the reviewer, which 
are rather turgidly delivered, are chiefly 
remarkable from the paradoxical man- 
ner they attempt to explain certain 
_ national prejudices ascribed tu M. Dupin 

—namely, his intercourse with the 
liberales. 

The second subject, “ Russian Church 
Architecture,” is curious, and traced to 
the example of the Byzantine Greeks, 
as exemplified in the temples of Con- 
stantinople, the style and material of 
the sacred edifices of Russia. To the 
Greeks, indeed, the Russians are largely 
indebted, not only for their ecclesiasti- 
ealarchitecture, but their religion, their 

alphabet, and, according to the re- 
viewer, their “ cleanliness,”,—though 
we had not heard the last had yet made 
much progress, either at Moscow or 
Petersburgh. The frequency of the 
bath, to which Russian “ cleanliness”’ 
is attributed, is from the manner it is 
conducted, and the indiscriminate 
mingling of sexes and condition, one 
principal cause that the inhabitants of 
Russia are more filthy and indelicate 
than those of other European states. 
The story of the conversion of the Grand 
Duke Vladimir is amusing, but we 
wonder at its insertion in the Quarterly ; 
for unbelievers are always ready ‘to 
catch at such relations, and many of 
them, no doubt, will be apt to infer 
from this and similar histories, that the 
conversion of princes gencrally, from 
Constantine and Clovis downward, has 
been more frequently the result of de- 
lusion or policy, than of the operation 
of the Spirit, or a rational enquiry into 
the grounds of their new persuasion. 

“ State of the Slave Trade” is a va- 
luable article, containing melancholy 
details of the revival of an infamows 
traffic, and the connivance of those 
or that had concurred in the abo- 

ition. Sixty thousand Africans, are 

MONTHLY Mac. No. 366. 


201 


stated by Sir George Collier, to have 
been forced from their country in the 
last twelve months, under the flags of 
Spain, Portugal, and France, chiefly 
the latter. It is creditable to the Edin- 
burgh and Quarterly journals, that each 
about the same time volunteered an 
article in the exposure of this shame- 
less violation ef public treaties. But, 
as a set-off against the merits of the 
latter, it ought to be mentioned, that 
its zeal in the cause of humanity, is 
accompanied with a zeal, equally ar- 
dent, in the cause of tyranny ; and the 
“ free constitution of Spain,’’ as it is 
sneeringty termed, and the * bundling, 
gouging, negro-driving, dram-drinking 
Americans,” as they are elegantly stig- 
inatized, come in for an ample share of 
vituperation. Indeed the Spanish 
Cortes and the American Republic are 
the “ foul fiends” of corruptionists, and 
they never can be held up to their af- 
frighted imaginations without eliciting 
a scream of horror. A word, however, 
may be said in behalf of both govern- 
ments. If the Cortes are unable to put 
down the negro-trade, it is not because 
the principles of their revolution are 
inconsistent with its entire abolition, 
but because the colonial interest, which 
had growa up under the old legitimate 
system, is too powerful to yield to the 
claims of justice. As to the Ameri- 
cans, they cannot be justly reproached 
with inertness ; they have gone farther 
in the work of abolition than any Eu- 
ropean state,even England; while we 
have declared slave-trading felony, they 
have denounced it piracy, punishable 
with death. The other topic of re- 
proach—the domestic slavery of the 
Americans, proves little against the 
popular principles of their government, 
The reviewer, indeed, ought to have 
recollected, that it was not under re 

publican institutions this blot on trans- 
atlantic society originated, but under 
the ,monarchical institutions of Eng- 
land; and it is much to be feared the 
American slave-owner will continue 
his usurped dominien over the African, 
from the same motives the borough- 
monger exercises the franchises of the 
people. The cases are similar in prin- 
-ciple, and equally indefensible.* 


* Since writing this article, we have 
learnt the Cortes have made slave-trading 
a capital offence, punishable with ten years’ 
transportation. Suchis the reply of this 
‘‘ hieh-minded people,” as Mr. Wilberforce 
justly termed them, to the sneers of the 
reviewer on their “ free constitution.” 

2C The 


202 


The fourth article, Copleston’s “ In- 
guiru into the Doctrines of Predcstina- 
tion,” is an unsatisfactory attempt— 
and, indeed, all attempts on such sub- 
jects must be unsatisfactory—to recon- 
cile the Divine perfection with man’s 
actual condition. ‘T'o human reason, at 
least, the fore-knowledge of God, and 
the free-will of man must always appear 
irreconcileable dogmas. And if man 
is not free, how ean he be justly an ac- 
countable being? And again, if the 
Supreme Being be of infinite power as 
well as goodness—how reconcile them 
with the existence of evil, which at 
least shews a deficiency in attribute? 
These ave awful questions, which we 
presume not to decide, or even to dis- 
cuss; and it does not appear to us that 
either Dr. Copleston or -his reviewer 
have dispelled the darkness with which 
they were previously obscured. 

In the nezt article, * Hazlitt’s Table 
Talk,” the reviewer modestly informs 
us, that he ordinarily follows Apollo’s 
* favourite amusement, the sacrifice of 
asses—Hone, Hunt, Hazlitt, and other 
* beasts.’ *? If such be his occupation, 
one cannot help thinking he might be 
better employed, and the “ asses” left 
to browse undisturbed, or at least to 
“ sacrifice ’’ themselves, as they assur- 
edly would, did they belong to the long- 
eared genus he intimates. But we 
suspect he considers them a higher 
order of quadrupeds, and we have cer- 
tainly heard that one of the alliterative 
“ tread’? might have been * Apollo's” 
colleague in the Quarterly, had not 
conscientious scruples about its princi- 
ples deterred him from the engagement. 
To come, however, to the critique: 
“ Mr. Hazlitt (says the reviewer) hav- 
ing already undergone the wholesome 
discipline of our castigation, without 
any apparent benefit, a repetition of it 
would be useless as far as regards him- 
self :?°—so we think, but we cannot help 
demurring to the ** wholesomeness”’ 
of that discipline, which neither bene- 
fits the auther nor convinces his read- 
ers. Indeed, the Quarterly lately has 
been sadly out in its * castigation,” and 
instead of destreying its victims, has 
raised them higher in public estimation, 
and only exposed its own want of prin- 
eiple and literary justice. Mr. Hazlitt 
possesses too much falent to be put 
down by vulgar abuse, and were his 
writings more condensed and less de- 
based by affectation, (a sin as odious, in 
our opinion, as the hypocrisy of his op- 
ponents, and somewhat the same in 


The Philosophy of Contemporary Criticism.No, XIX. |April 1, 


principle) he would be generally read 
and admired. ‘To be sure, a man may 
not think it worth while to give up the 
“ career of his humour” for the sake of 
popularity, and if such be Mr. Hazlitt’s 
opimion, we may expect him going on 
publishing paradoxes and confessions 
without benefiting from eur observa- 
tions. 

The sixth article, though set out, 
“ Novels, by the Author of Waverley,” 
is duller thau any sermon we remein- 
ber; and, indeed, what could be expect- 
ed about the “ divine Rebecea,” and 
the ** blossom of the Border,” from a 
reviewer who tells us he is now * grey- 
headed,” and never “ were in love ?’’ 
Mr. Jeffrey does these things better 5 
he always dishes them up in honey or 
gali, in cither case providing exquisite 
entertainment. 

“ Godwin and Malihus on Popula- 
tion,” is the title of the next subject. 
Naturalists were long divided on the 
viviparous and oviparous mode of ge- 
neration, till, pushing their enquiries 
aborigine, they discovered the two pro- 
cesses were the same; and we begin 
to suspect a similar fate attends the 
disputes on the arithmetic and geome- 
tric increase of food and population. 
Already we observe the Malthusians 
begin to qualify their first proposition, 
and we are told by the reviewer, (who 
concurs in Myr. Malthus’s doctrines,) 
“ that the term geometrical ratio, could 
never have been intended to be em- 
ployed in its rigidly mathematical 
sense.”? Now we are quite sure Mr. 
Malthus meant the term to be so “ em- 
ployed,” and that he meant us to un- 
derstand that mankind multiply at the 
appalling rate of 1, 2,4, 8, while food 
increases only at the rate of 1, 2, 3, 4. 
But theugh we are sure this was his 
original meaning, we are equally certain 
he was entirely mistaken, and that no 
such frightful disproportion exists be- 
tween the increase of food and consum- 
ers, and that the law which regulates 
the augmentation of both is the same. 
If you sow a grain of corn it produces 
perhaps twenty grains; each of which 
being sown produces twenty more; so 
that corn multiplies in a geometric se- 
ries, the first sum being one, and the 
ratio of the series twenty. Jn like man- 
ner if yon put a couple together, male 
and female, they multiply geometri- 
cally, the first couple producing proba- 
bly six, each of which being paired off, 
producing six more. So that the same 
Jaw which regulates the supply of food, 

regulates 


1822.] 


regulates the multiplication of man- 
kind, But, says the reviewer, there is a 
“ natural tendency’’ to increase in one 
case, and none in the other. We say 
no. Put a seed in the ground, it has a 
natural tendency to grow ; putacouple 
together, they have natural tendency to 
multiply, but the “ natural tendency” 
is the same in both. We could say 
much more on this subject, but we 
must content ourselves at present, with 
showing the fallacy of the geometric 
ratio applied on/y to population. What 
the reviewer observes on the propricty 
of providing the means of subsistence 
before an increase of consumers is 
thought of, is very good, and well wor- 
thy attention, both from individuals 
and legislators. 

In the eighth article, “* Prometheus 
Unbound,’ bating the usual declamation 
on the immoral, impious, and unsocial 
tendency of Mr. Shelley's writings— 
there are many things, we think, from 
which this singular genius might bene- 
fit in the exercise of his powers; espe- 
cially in what is observed on his want 
of taste—the substitution of unmeaning 
verbiage for sublimity—absurdity for 
eriginality—incohereut metaphors for 
richness of imagination—and the in- 
correctness and irregularity of his ver- 
sification. 

Our old. friend, the Laureate, turns 
up next, with an odd rambling kind of 
article about ‘‘ Astrology and Alchemy,” 
and Francis Moore’s “ Loyal Almanac.” 
We really wonder what the Doctor 
will turn to at last: does he consider a 
belief in divination, fortune-telling, and 
witchcraft necessary to the complete 
re-establishment of ‘ social order ?”’ 
The following is a sample of the stuff 
he has raked out of old Nixon’s and 
Mother Shipton’s Prophecies : 

When the bear is muzzled and cannot byte, 
And the hors is fettered and cannot stryke, 
And the swanne is sicke and cannot 

swymme, 

Then shall the sploy-foot England winne ! 
A more trumpery article was never 
raked together. It consists of extracts 
from Lilly’s Life, Sibley’s Astrology, 
Butler’s Defence, and Scott’s Witch- 
craft, made in profound ignorance of 
the subject, and without the slightest 
discrimination between the vulgar and 
the recondite. 

The tenth article, “ Route from Tri- 
poli to Egypt,” by Signor Della Bella, 
in IS17, is good, as notices of voyages 
and travels in the Quarterly generaliy 
are; and the reviewer justly complains 


Quarterly Review, No. LI. 


203 


of the Signor’s want of ability or indus- 
try, to avail himself of the opportuni- 
ties which presented in the course of 
his journey to settle disputed points on 
subjeets of ancient history and natural 
curiosity. 

The eleventh article, Morellet’s* He- 
moirs of the French Revolution,” is ofa 
different character, and in the worst 
style of the Quarterly, full of misrepre- 
sentation, absurd reasoning, and vulgar 
abuse of the men who adorned the 
“Jatter period of thereign”’ of LouisX V. 
and to whom Europe, in spite of their 
errors, is indebted for so much valua- 
bie information on the true interests of 
society. The object of the reviewer, 
in the usual stupid way, is to associate 
the writings of the ** philosophers”’ with 
the crimes of the revolution; whereas 
it is pretty well ascertained, from the 
recent publications of Grimm, Deffand, 
and Marmontel, that the two had little 
or any connexion. That the Encyelo- 
pedists wished to abate the abuses of 
superstition and political oppression, 
may be granted; but their principles 
had as liitle to do with democratic tur- 
bulence, as the true precepts of chris- 
tianity with war aud intolerance. If 
is indeed a solecism in reasoning, to 
connect the pursuits of literature and 
science (and such were the engagements 
of the French literati) with deep-laid 
schemes of violence and disorder, and 
we should much sooner infer the oppe- 
site extreme of servility and indiffer- 
ence. What Madame de Staél remark- 
ed on Voltaire may, we think, be ap- 
plied to his contemporaries : they wist- 
ed society to be enlightened raiher 
than changed, and doubtless felt too 
great interest in the artificial distine- 
tions time had established, to wish has- 
tily their overthrow. 

The twelfth and last article, is 
Dalzel’s “ Lectures on the Ancient 
Greeks 3°? a posthumous work, which, 
from a slight glance at a few chapters, 
we concur, had better not seen the 
light, affording another instance to that 
we lately noticed inthe friends of Mad, 
de Sta#l, of mistaken friendship ob- 
truding on the public what the writers 
never intended. for publication, aud 
which detracts from their previous re- 
putation. The subject, however, poor 
as it is, affords a pretext for a tedious 
disquisition on the “ Ancient Greeks 5” 
in which the writer is pleased to remark 
that his former lueubrations had had 
an unfavourable effect on ourselves, a 
point about which he is totally misin- 

formed, 


204 


formed, and, we can assure him, that 
their only effect was to canse a little 
extra consumption of snuff; and fur- 
ther, that any thing he may say in fa- 
ture on the same subject, however 
“dull and drear’’ it may be, will not 
have the slightest tendency to abridge 
the span of our existence. Indeed, in 
the present instance, we partly agree, 
though our conclusions are derived from 
different premises. He seems inclined 
to pull down the * ancients’? because 
they were republicans; whereas we 
really doubt their moral and intellec- 
tual superiority. He endeavours to 
show, from the pleadings of Iseeus and 
others, that, notwithstanding the po- 
pular forms of their institutions, the 
Greeks were no better than ourselves ; 
—that they were a deluded people— 
that their wiiters aud publi¢ speakers 
were many of them like our own, pro- 
fligate and unprincipled—and that there 
was similar bribery and corruption in 
the administration of their affairs :— 
Ergo—the Greeks were a despicable 
people ; ergo—England is only a despi- 
cable country. A singular conclusion, 
we adinit, from one whose business it 
is ex officio to laud whatever is in this 
country, and who of course ought not 
to have adduced it as a proof of the de- 
basement of a people, that they suffered 
under evils similar to those by which 
we are degraded. Leaving the re- 
viewer fo scramble out of the dilemma 
in which he is placed by his mode of 
reasoning, we shall just observe, that 
it has always appeared to us the merits 
of the ancients were greatly over-rated, 
for which, we think, two reasons may 
beassigned. First, the system of edu- 
cation in our great seminaries of in- 
struction, in which it is usual to attach 
an undue importance to every thing 
handed down in Latin or Greek. Se- 
condly, the ancients derive some advan- 
tage, we think, from being contrasted 
with an antecedent period of society, 
when the moderns had not attained 
the present intellectual eminence. In 
this respect they share the good fortune 
of the Chinese, who, we all remem- 
ber. were rated much higher some fif- 
teen years ago, solely because their 
merits were taken on the credit of re- 
lations, in which their attainments 
were compared with those of Europeans 
in the fifteenth or sixteenth century. 
Without entering into a tedious com- 
parison, we shall conclude our notice of 
the Quarterly by remarking the things 
in which the ancients were confessedly 


Act for stopping up unnecessary Roads. 


{April T, 


inferior to the moderns. First, in the 
exclusion of women from society; se- 
condly, in the prevalence of domestic 
slavery ; thirdly, in their want of written 
laws, anda more perfect administration 
of justice ; and, astly, in their ignorance 
of the representative form of govera- 
ment. With such defects in their do- 
mestic and public economy, they can- 
not be supposed to have attained a high 
degree of refinement, nor exhibited 
very perfect models of social organiza- 


tion. 
Te 


To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. 
SIR, 

N answer to a correspondent in your 

Magazine for January, relating to 
the stopping up footpaths, for the in- 
formation of him and the public, I 
refer him to the act for that special 
purpose, which may be purchased at 
the King’s Printers, George Eyre and 
Andrew Strahan, London, for 1s. viz. 

Cap. 68. An Act toamendan Act of the 
13 of George III. for the amendment and 
Preservation of the Public Highways, in 
so far as the same relates to notice of Ap- 
peal against turning or diverting a Public 
Highway ; and toextend the Provisions of 
the same Act to the stopping up of unne- 
cessary Roads. (June, 1815.) 

This act is concise, but possesses 
sufficient powers for public improve- 
ments, and at the same time to protect 
individuals from being aggrieved. 
Whether done by trustees or surveyors, 
it must be done by order of two justices 
of the peace: such notices to be insert- 
ed in the newspapers of the county, 
and affixed to the door of the church 
or chapel of the parish wherein the 
said foot-paths or highways are situ- 
ated, aud the order returned to the 
clerk of the peace and confirmed and 
enrolled at quarter sessions. 

Persons injured by any such orders 
or proceedings, may appeal to justices 
at quarter sessions, upon giving notice 
thereof in writing. 

If no appeal be made, or if such 
order be confirmed, the old ways may 
be stopped, and proceedings shall be 
conclusive, and new highways shall 
afterwards continue public highways, 
&e. Justices on stopping up unneces- 
sary foot-paths or highways, may sell 
the same, and appropriate the sums 
arising therefrom, for the improvements 
of the road. 

Foot-paths and highways are also 
altered and diverted by Act of Parlia- 
ment for enclosures, and notice given 

y 


¢ 


1822. ] 


by the commissioners appointed by 
these acts. 

It will be observed by these legal 
provisions, nothing in this case can be 
done clandestinely, and the trouble 
and expence of appeal is not great: the 
party aggrieved, on giving notice, may 
attend the sessions, give a counsel a 
guinea, shew his case, backed by suffi- 
cient evidence, and if it is reasonable 
no sessions will oppose it. I collect 
this from experience, because I never 
knew in the several altercations of this 
sort, but that the new paths or high- 
ways were nearer or more commodious, 
or it would not be carried. Your cor- 
respondent’s fear that paths may be 
stopped privately, may arise from his 
want of knowing that there are many 
paths leading only to private dwellings, 
which the public, by sufferance, may 
havea long time used as to think them 
public; those paths only that lead 
from town to town, or village to village, 
or what in the country are termed 
church paths, can be deemed cogni- 
zable as public paths. Pro Bono. 

Herts. Jan. 20, 1822. 

—— 
To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. 
SIR, 

LATELY received a letter from my 

respected relative Harry Toulmin, 
Esq. (who has for many years resided 
in the Alabama State, North America,) 
in which he gives a curious anecdote 
illustrative of the language of the Choc- 
taw Indians, and a voecabwary of about 
eighty of their words. I transcribe 
the whole of this part of his communi- 
cation, which 1 think will be interest- 
ing to many of your readers. Mr. 
Toulmin appears to have paid great 
attention to the subject of the language, 
manners, and origin of his Indian 
neighbours, and I think complete reli- 
ance may be placed on any fact which 
he details, as his letters ever bear the 
marks of diligent research, sound judg- 
ment, and a constant endeavour to as- 
certain the truth of every proposition. 

W. HAWKES SMITH. 
Birmingham, Feb. 10, 1822. 
MR. TOULMIN’S LETTER. 

I enclose a specimen of the language 
of my neighbours, the Choctaw and 
Chicasaw Indians. They are distinct 
tribes, but, no doubt, of a common ori- 
gin. Their dialects are somewhat dif- 
ferent, but not more so, I think, than 
those of adjacent English counties. I 
am well acquainted with them, and 
often have them living on my land. 


On the Language of the Choctaw Indians. 


205 


They kill deer on it, and catch fish in 
the waters by which it is bounded, and. 
I prefer paying them to hunting and 
fishing myself, or encouraging any of 
my family to do it, for [have generally 
found that great sportsmen are great 
in nothing else. 

I made out this list in the Choctaw 
nation, about nine years ago, and the 
occasion was this: I had, a short time 
before, received a letter from Judge 
Innes, of Frankfort, in Kentucky, in- 
forming me, that in the year 1784, as 
some Southern Indians were passing 
through Lexington, to join the Ameri- 
can army north of Ohiv,an African ne- 
gro was driving a waggon through the 
streets of Lexington, when, seeing some 
Indians, ard hearing them converse, he 
suddenly stopped his waggon, and ask- 
ed his master’s permission, (who was 
riding near him,) to go and speak to 
the Indians. They were probably the 
first hehad seen in America; they con- 
versed together with apparent ease, to 
the astonishment of Mr. Parker, his 
master. He enquired of the negro how 
he could converse with the Indians ? 
who told his master that he was a na- 
tive of the town of Goldean, in Africa 5 
that while he was a boy, the negroes 
brought in some prisoners, and detaiu- 
ed them there a long time, in conse- 
quence of which he learnt their lan- 
guage. He said that they were people 
of the same colour, with the same kind 
of long black hair, and spoke the same 
language with the Indians then present. 

For the purpose of examining more 
minutely into this affair, bemg on a 
journey into Kentucky, I made a list 
of the words inclosed, with the assist- 
ance of an intelligent half-breed. There 
is, however, great difficulty in catching 
the sound of the words so distinctly as 
to beable to spell them with accuracy. 
No two persons perhaps would spell 
them alike. On reaching Kentucky, I 
found to my mortification that the ne- 
gro was dead; Mr. Parker, however, 
confirmed the above account, and a 
neighbour of his, Preston Brown, Esq. 
informed me that there were other 
African negroes in the neighbourhood, 
who, though not previously acquainted 
with our Indians, could converse with 
them in their own language. 

These facts open an interesting field 
of enquiry, and seem to lead to a de- 
termination of the long agitated ques- 
tion, from what quarter of the world 
did the aborigines of America originally 
come? I suspect that they may pati 

ie 


206 


lied to some of the tribes of wandering 
Arabs, Vheir habits are very similar, 
and those acquainted with the language 
of these tribes, might, from the meagre 
specimens I have given of the Choctaw 
language, be able to determine whether 
there be sueh a similarity as would jus- 
tify a suspicion that they were of one 
origin. I have seen no specimens of 
langnage of the modern Arabs which 
would enable me to pursue the enquiry, 
but many, no doubt, have in Eng- 
land. 

I would also remark, as to the ap- 
pearance of the Chocktaw, he is of mid- 
dle stature, though sometimes tall; 
probably the most prevailing height is 
about five feet ten inches; his face is 
rather broad, and his cheek-bones high. 
The women have round faces, and are 
often pretty. Both men and women 
have very small feet and hands ; there 
is considerable vivacity, approaching to 
wildness, in the eye, of an Indian, and 


Vocabulary of Words in the Choctaw Language. 


[ April 1, 


it has been observed that it is seldom 
at rest. 

When travelling, they never sleep in 
ahouse; they make shelters with the 
bark of trees five or six feet in diameter, 
which shelter or cainp they call albeena. 
They sleep with their feet to the 
fire, but sometimes turn their naked 
backs to it. Every family has a dis- 
tinct fire or camp. They talk but 
little; are civil, but revengeful. I al- 
ways treat them weil, and they always 
treat -‘me well. If I buy venison or 
turkeys from them, it is very common 
with my family, to give them meat 
and bread, cr milk, besides the price of 
the article, and they sometimes make 
presents ‘to us. They come into our 
house and go out of it when they please, 
every thing being open and exposed to 
them, but they never touch a single ar- 
ticle. Those, however, who injure 
them, may leok for injury io return. 

TARRY TOULMIN. 


Vocabulary of Words in the Language of the Choctaw Indians. 


English. Choctaw. English. Choctaw. } English. _ Choctaw. 
Ground Yockne To taste Cupalee |Taek, com- 
Trees itta To feel Pushaulee a anes (of ‘any monly pro- 
Grass Usbshuch To walk Neuwah nue) nounced Tiek 
Corn Tannehe To sit Benelee Day Nittuck 
A man Nockne Tolie down  |!tolah Night Ninnuck 
Horses Subbeh Yes Yough Meat Nippe 
Cattle Wanka No Kay-yough Bread Pushke 
Hands Tbbuck A woman Ouyeah House Chuckeh 
Head Nush cubboh |!None Ekshow Camp Albeena 
Feet , |Eyea All gone Tawhaw The sky Shutick 
‘Sun Hashe Milk Pishookehee | Cloud Oushoneteh 
maar Hashe ninna- ||T want Subbunnah Rain Oumbeh 

kaiab God Abaubinale — | Clean Musheleh 
Stars Fitchik Friend Tebaupashe || Frost Outonetel 
Fire Lenock I Ano ‘A light Palah 
Water Oukah Thou Ishno War Tenup 
A spring Kulle You Atishno A warrior Tushkeh 
Good Chickamah He Eaukano A knife Bushpo 
Bad Pullow We Pishno 'A fork Chufonk 
Black Lusah They Yehmau 'A cup Eshtesko 
White Toubbeh River Utcha ‘To eat Impah 
Red Hoomeh Road Heneh Let us go Killeah 
Green Oakchukko Father Uncah Come here Minté 
Long Faliah Our father Pincah A chief Mingo 
Short Uskalolee Son Sussue Salutation on Echbnvack 
To see Pisah Mother Uskeah | meeting a thaies 
To hear Ocklo Daughter Sussue-tack {Iam going  |Alliskay 
To smell Umewah Wiie Tutlackche — || 

—=_— 


To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. 
SIR, 

HE extraordinary metre adopted 

by the laureat in his last poem, 

entitled “the Vision of Judgment,” 

has naturally excited considerable sur- 

prises and although, on the whole, he 

as certainly not ill succeeded in his 

dificult attempt, it is te be hoped that 


this new style of poetry will not expe- 
rience a very general reception. . Not- 
withstanding the alledged dearth of 
novelty in the present day, especially 
in the department of literature, the 
taste of the age will surely oppose the 
introduction of so strange and objec- 
tionable a species of innovation. The 
following lines from Bishop Hall’s Sa- 

tires 


1822.] 


tires appear peculiarly applicable to the 
author of this singular production. 
“ Another scorns the home-spun thread of 
rhymes, 
Match’d with the lofty feet of elder times: 
Give him the numbper’d verse that Virgil 
suug, 
And Virgil’s self shall speak the English 
tongue ; 
Manhood and garboiles shallie chant with 
chaunged feet, 
And headstrong dacty!s makiug music 
meet ! 
The nimble dacty!s striving to outgo 
The drawling spondeeg, pacing it below! 
The ling’ring spondees, labouring to delay 
The breathless dactyls with a sudden stay. 
Whoever saw a colt, wanton and wild, 
Yok’d with a slow foot ox on fallow field, 
Can right areed how handsomely besets 
Dull spondees with the English dactylets. 
Fie on the forged mint that did create 
New coin of words never articulate !’’* 
These lines, observes a commentator 
ou the foregoing passage, allude to an 
absurd fashion, which was prevalent in 
the time of Queen Elizabeth, of pub- 
lishing what were called English verses 
composed according to Latin rules. 
There seems no reason to alter the opi- 
nion entertained of this practice, at an 
zera of our national literature far less 
improved and polished than the pre- 


sent. N. 
+ 
For the Monthly Magazine. 
EXCURSION through NORTH WALES 
in 1819. 
(Concluded from our last.) 
T will be long ere we forget the pros- 
pect which opened before us as we 
stopped to look at thelake. The gran- 
deur and beauty of the surrounding 
scenery seen, too, soadvantageously by 
the beams of a bright moon—the dif- 
ferent forms of the shore, the lake be- 
ing in some parts edged with steep 
rocks, in others with woods rising 
smoothly from the water, the cottages 
seatfered along its banks, and the green 
woods waving in the moon-light, com- 
pleted a scene we have seldom seen ex- 
celled, and which we quitted with no 
little reluctance. But the “ waning 
night was growing old,” the night-air 
was chill and comfortless, and we had 
been riding over fifteen miles of road 
not very smooth. Resuming our jour- 
ney, therefore, we quickly reached Ba- 
Ja, where a comfortable supper and bed 
at the Bull,a most respectable cabaret, 
formed no unworthy conclusion to an 
evening so delightfully spent. 


* Book I. Sat. Vi. Edition of 1597. 


Excursion through North Wales 


207 

Bala* is a very neat town, about the 
same size as Dolgelley, and containing 
nearly the same number of inhabitants, 
It is supposed, and not unreasonably, 
to have been built by the Romans, as 
it is of a very regular form, the streets 
falling into the principal square (which 
is very spacious) at right angles. It 
carries on a considerable trade in wool 
and yarn stockings, the women of the 
lower orders in and near the place be- 
ing everlasting knitters, and may be 
seen in the lanes and walks about the 
town “ visibly employed”? with their 
needles. It is, moreover, the residence 
of several genteel families, and the 
spring assizes are helden here: it has 
not, however, attained such importance 
as Dolgeiley, which is considered the 
capital of the county. With regard to 
ils history, we are informed that it was 
once dependent on Harlech Castle, and 
that Einion de Standon, coustable of 
that castle in the reign of Edward II. 
was appointed governor of Bala by that 
monarch: and that a few years after- 
wards Edward I1l. rewarded General 
Walter de Mauney with the fee farm of 
Bala, creating him, at the same time, 
Sheriff of Merionethshire for life. At 
the south end of the town there is a 
large artificial mount, called Tommen 
y Bala, which is supposed to have been 
the keep of a fortress, and placed here 
with a castalet on its summit, by the 
Romans, as a guard upon the moun- 
taineers, and for the purpose of secur- 
ing the pass leading in this direction 
towards the sea. Opposite this barrow 
or tumulus, on the west side of the 
town stood another not so high as 
Tommen y Bala, but of greater extent. 
There is now a read formed through its 
centre, but vestiges of it are still ex- 
tremely apparent. There are several 
other tumuli near the town, but the two 
we have mentioned are the most con- 
siderable. May not the existence of 
these barrows tend to prove the Romish 
origin of the place,—or, at all events, 
that it was once in the possession of the 
Romans ? 

We returned to Dolgelley on the fol- 
lowing morning, and in three days af- 
terwards, having visited all the most 
remarkable places in Merionethshire, 
bade adieu to the wild mountains of the 
principality.—but not; with that ready 
gladness which the prospect of a speedy 


* Bala takes its name from its vicinity 
to a place where a river discharges itself 
into a lake. Balloch in the Erse language 
signifies the same. 

meeting 


208 


meeting with our best and dearest 
friends ought, perhaps, to have in- 
spired. During our brief sojourning in 
Wales the pure and elevated pleasure 
inseparably attached to the contempla- 
tion of all that is sublime and beautiful 
in nature had been gratified far beyond 
what we had anticipated, or even 
hoped for. Beautiful lakes, like sheets 
of liquid silver,lovely glens,and majestic 
mountains with their cloud capt sum- 
mits, valleys “ teeming with wild fer- 
tility,’ roaring cataracts, thundering 
in the solitudes, with wild woods, and 
broad deep rivers, are all to be found 
at the western extremity of our island ; 
and the genuine and hearty admirer of 
nature will revel in ecstasy amid the 
sublime scenery of Merionethshire. 
The man whose mind is imbued with 
sensibility will also experience abun- 
dant gratification from the inspection of 
the ruins of the proud buildings, once 
inhabited by men renowned in history 
for their ambition, their heroism, their 
pride, or their piety. 

The embattled towers, and castles, once 

the strength 
Of this rude country ; all by force of time 

Cast down from their foundations, and 

o’ergrown 

With thriftless weeds ; the mansions now of 

beasts, 

And solitary birds that shun mankind. 

Nor will the simple, but engaging 
manners of the natives fail to impress 
him with a favourable opinion of their 
secluded and contented condition. For 
our own parts, if was with no little re- 
gret that we quitted a country so in- 
teresting and beautiful; and should we 
hereafter find time for another summer 
excursion, we shall bend our steps to- 
wards Caernarvonshire in preference to 
a “ foreign shore.” 

——<j=———— 

“JOHN BUNYAN; DR. T. BARLOW, Bi- 
shop of Lincoln; ZOAR-STREET 
MEETING-HOUSE, and the celebraled 
THOMAS BRADBURY, Se. 


To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. 
SIR, 
AVING observed the congeries of 
errors under the title of “ Anec- 
dotes of JOHN BUNYAN, and his Meet- 
ing-house in Zoar-street,’ with the 
signature of W. H. Reid, in your Ma- 
gazine for December; it is expected 
those persons who prefer truth to error, 
will derive both interest and informa- 
tion by perusing this attempt to rectify 
the latter and display the former. 
The substance of Mr. Reid’s commu- 


Misrepresentations in Reid's Anecdotes of John Bunyan. 


jApril 4, 


nication had been anticipated in the 
Christian Observer for September, 
headed “ A Visit to Bunyan’s Meeting- 
house,’”? and subscribed “ An Old 
Friend with a New Face.” 

Your correspondent says, that from 
Bunyan’s life, prefixed to Heptinstall’s 
edition of the ‘* Pilgrim’s Progress,” it 
appears that this celebrated personage 
preached at a meeting-house in Zoar- 
street, Gravel-lane, near Bank-side; 
and in Manning and Bray’s History of 
Surrey, it appears that Dr. Barlow, 
bishop of Lincoln, provided this meet- 
ing-house for Bunyan to preach in; an 
instance of liberality ‘ in a bishop” 
which Mr. Reid, taking the matter as 
he found it, warmly applauds. The 
notions quoted by Mr. Reid, will not, 
however, bear the test of correct exa- 
mination. 

Bunyan never “ settled in London ;”* 
this is clear to almost every person who 
is but commonly read in his history. 
In the “ relation’? of Charles Doe, at 
the end of a folio volume, printed in 
1692, and entitled the Works of Mr. 
John Bunyan, he states him as preach- 
ing ‘‘one Lord’s-day at London, at a 
Town’s end meeting-house.”’? The sanae 
year was printed in 12mo, an account 
of the Life and Actions of Mr. Bunyan, 
from his cradle to his grave. ~The 
writer says, Bunyan “ preached several 
times about London, and particularly 
in the parish im Southwark, where he 
had an audience of about five hundred 
people.”” Besides these two, there is 
another contemporary and friend, whose 
tract is entitled, the “ Life and Death 
of Mr. John Bunyan,” This last was 
reprinted in 1817, by the Rev, J. Ivi- 
mey, but without the original date. 
From it we learn, that “it was his 
constant practice, when he had his li- 
berty, to come up once a year to Lon- 
don, and to preach in several places 
there; but more particularly in South- 
wark, near the Faulcon.”’ 

These extracts from the earliest 
known records, prove that it is only by 
inference Zoar-street meeting-house is 
said to have been Bunyan’s. Were 
precise information extant, it could 
scarcely have been overlooked by Mr. 
Wilson whiie compiling his voluminous 
and useful History of Dissenting 
Churches in London. That gentleman 
takes no notice of any connexion as 
above stated, but treating of Duke- 
street Park, Southwark, says, *“¢ This 
meeting-house belonged to a very an- 
cient society of general baptists. The 

former 


| 


1822.] 


former meeting-house, which was an 
ancient building, is said to. have been 
the place where the celebruted Jolin 
Bunyan most usually preached when in 
London.” To this place, then, should 
Mr. Reid, and the * gentleman’ he 
alludes to, but who is no other than 
* an old friend with a new face,’ turn 
for their antiquarian gratification. It 
will be observed that Duke-street is in 
the Park, which, as there are five 
parishes in Southwark, would seem to 
be the true reading of what is styled 
© the parish in Southwark,” in one of 
the preceding extracts. 

The site of the mecting-house in 
Duke-street, with that of Zear-street 
and others, is marked in a plan accom- 
panying a pamphlet published in 1820, 
entitled an Historical Research con- 
cerning the most ancieut congregational 
church in England, &c. by the writer 
of these strictures. 

Thongh the facts of the first meeting- 
house in Duke-street having been an 
ancient building, and the original so- 
ciety Japtists, with Mr. Wilson’s re- 
mark, may all be considered decisive, 
Mr. Reid and the gentleman are in- 
formed that the carcase of Zour-street 
meeting-house was erected in Septem- 
ber, 1687, according to an agreement 
for that purpose; and that it is, with 
‘the original lease, which is dated Janu- 
ary 30, 1687, that is, 1687-8, now in 
the custody of Mr. Thomas Gibson, 
45, High-street, Borough. And it 
should not be forgotten, that conventi- 
cles and meeting-houses, were formerly 
portions of dwelling-houses, and some- 
times out-houses, wareliouses, &¢c. and 
disgusting as it may sound ina “ velvet 
cushion” episcopalian’s ears—barns. 
With these iaets, then, let the previous 
circumstances be combined, and Dor’s 
information that Bunyan “ died at his 
very loving friend’s, Mr. Strudwiek’s, 
a grocer at Holborn-bridge, London, 
on August 31, 1685.”” 

Hence there is no evidence that 
Zoar-sireet was the place Dr. Barlow 
has had the honour attributed to him 
of providing for Bunyan. The result 
of an investigation into that bishop’s 
conduct will presently appear. In the 
mean time a smile wi}l be excused in 
consequence of the antiquarian excite- 
ments of Mr. Reid and the “ gentle- 
man,” who practising the scrutinizing 
observation of an enamoured virtuoso, 
with a propensity peculiar to an anti- 
quary of the true tact, carried away a 
portion of the relics. 

Monroy Maa. No, 366, 


Misrepresentations in Reid’s Anecdotes of John Bunyan. 


209 


The “old friend with a new face” 
informs us, that “ John Bunyan edified 
and delighted an audience which some- 
times included in its number no less a 
man than the great Dr. OWEN.” The 
notice of so distinguished a name, will 
justify an endeavour to “ render ho- 
nour to whom honour is due,” after re- 
marking that Whitefield, in his preface 
to Bunyan’s works, has gratefully re- 
corded his opinion of this liberal and 
consistent conduct of the learned doc- 
tor, “ when by reason of his being un- 
skilled in the learned languages, and a 
few differences in lesser matters, Bun- 
yan was more lightly esteemed by some 
of less enlarged sentiments.” 

Mr. Reid informs us, that the BisHoP 
of Lirncoun provided Zoar-street 
meeting-house for Bunyan to preach 
in, and he adds, if is “¢a circumstance 
which derives no small confirmation 
from the well authenticated histerical 
fact of the same prelate having, before 
that period, interposed for the de’ivery 
of Bunyan from Bedford gacl, where 
he was imprisoned twelve years. “ This 
liberal and catholic spirit in a bishop,” 
continues Mr. Reid, “is truly admir- 
able.”? So much merit only as Dr. 
Barlow is entitled to, let him retain. 
It will assist the reader in his estimate 
of what follows, to be informed that 
the bishop had no preferment in the 
diocese of Lincoln, according to Willis’s 
cathedrals ef England and Wales, pre- 
vious to his being invested with the 
crosiev. 

The bishop’s eonduct and character 
are now before the reader. It is evi- 
dent that there was no personal regard 
towards Bunyan. The favour, if such 
there were, was yielded in consequence 
of Barlow’s obligation and promise to 
Owen, and to Owen only, and even to 
him not without chicanery. Bunyan, 
therefore, was under no obligation to 
Barlow on that score. And as Zoar- 
street meeting-house was built in 1687, 
so little subseyuent to Barlow's anti- 
tolerating letter in 1654, nothing but 
indubitable evidence will fix his claim 
to a “ liberal and catholic spirit.” 

For what remains to be considered, 
Mr. Reid alene is accountable, and it 
would have been well if he had had 
more regard for his signature than by 
appending it to the particulars he has 
given in continuation of “an old 
friend’s”’ account of Zoar-street.. Why, 
when a number of ministers are known 
to have been connected with that place, 
did Mr, Reid instance (wo names 5 one 

2D not 


210 Misrepresentations in Reid’s Anecdotes of John Bunyan. 


not at all connected with if; and the 
other, if ever such a person liad been, 
still not connected with any fair object 
Mr. Reid might propose to himself. 

He says, *“* about the year 1766, the 
once celebrated THOMAS BRADBURY, 
was the pastor of a congregation that 
occupied this meeting. From some 
unseemly traits in the conduct of this 
gentleman towards a young man, whe 
was his constant companion, he was 
accused of indulging some disgraceful 
propensities, but though not legally 
convicted, he was frequently molested 
by the populace whilst preaching at 
this place, &c.”” 

Happily for the character and repu- 
tation of this “once celebrated’’ divine, 
it can be affirmed that he never was 
pastor at Zoar-street, and Mr. Wilson 
will inform Mr. Reid that Mr. Brad- 
bury was pastor successively of dissent- 
ing churches in Fetter-lane and New- 
court, Carey-street, Lincoln’s-inn-fields, 
from the year 1707, to his death, Sept. 
the 9th, 1759, im the eighty-second 
year of hisage! Perhaps Mr. Reid will 
have the goodness to inform us, how a 
man who died in 1759, in his r1GHTY- 
SECOND year, could be guilty of what 
he has imputed to him in the year 
1766 2 

The following particulars, respecting 
Mr. Bradbury, may be depended on. 
They are chiefly taken from Wilson, 
passim. 

From the earliest part of his con- 
nexion with Fetter-lane, Mr. Bradbury 
stood forth the zealous champion of 
our civil and religious liberties; for 
which he incurred the implacable ha- 
tred of the tories, who devised various 
methods of injuring him, both in his 
reputation and person. The rough- 
ness with which he handled the Jaco- 
bites excited their malice, and they 
singled him out as one of the principal 
objects of resentment. March 1, 
1709-10. Sacheverell’s high church 
mob burnt his meeting-house, and 
threatened his persou. In the trying 
period of the occasional conformity and 
the schism bills, like a bold patriot he 
risked every thing dear to him in up- 
holding the liberties of his country. 
For this, he tells us, in the preface to 
the sermons he published in 1726, he 
was ‘ lampooned in pamphlets, belied 
in newspapers, threatened by great men, 
and mobbed by those of a baser sort.” 

His distinguished courage, zeal and 
activity, in the noble cause, rendered 
him a perpetual thorn in the sides of 


[April I, 


the ministry, who left no engine unem- 
ployed to silence or ruin him. Their 
first expedient was an attempt on his 
integrity by the offer.of considerable 
preferment if he would conform ; and 
Queen Anne is said to have employed 
her secretary, Harley, to tender him a 
bishopric, but he remained inflexible. 
The jacobites finding him so, actually 
took measures for his assassination. 
The gloomy state of public affairs, 
through the intrigues in fayour of the 
Pretender, excited in all protestants 
distressing apprehensions for the safety 
of the nation; when to their unspeak- 
able joy, the storm suddenly ceased by 
the death of the queen, Sunday, Au- 
gust 1, 1714. 

That very morning while Mr. Brad- 
bury, who resided in Charter-house 
Square, was walking in Smithfield, 
pensively, his friend, Bishop Burnet, 
who resided in the same neighbour- 
hood, passing in his carriage and ob- 
serving him, called to Bradbury by 
name, and taking him into his carriage 
and continuing a drive round the place, 
inquired the cause of Bradbury’s great 
thoughtfulness. He replied, I am 
thinking whether I shall have the con- 
stancy and resolution of that noble 
company of martyrs whose ashes are 
deposited here, for I most assuredly 
expect to see similar times of violence 
and persecution; and that Z shall be 
called to suffer in a like cause. The 
bishop, equally zealous in the protes- 
tant cause, told him, he was under the 
impulse of the same sentiment, and 
added, that the queen was very ill, her 
physicians in despair, and that he was 
going to court to inform himself of the 
exact particulars. He quieted Mr. 
Bradbury’s fears by assuring him that 
he would dispatch a messenger to him 
with the earliest intelligence of the 
queen’s death, and if he should happen 
to be in the pulpit, the messenger 
should be instructed to drop a hand- 
kerchief from the gallery as a token of 
the event. It did happen so, and his 
brother, Mr. John Bradbury (Wilson 
says) made the signal. He suppressed 
his intense feelings during the sermon, 
but in his last prayer returned thanks 
to God for the deliverance of these 
kingdoms from the evil councils and 
designs of their enemies, and implored 
the divine blessing on his Majesty 
King George, and the house of Han- 
over. Then he gave out the 89th psalm, 
third part, from Patrick’s collection, 
which was strikingly appropriate. = 

is 


1822. ] 


His bold and unexpected proclama- 
tion greatly astonished his audience 
and excited their alarm for his safety ; 
accordingly when he left the pulpit, he 
convinced them of his security by 
relating what happened in Smith- 
field. Mr. Bradbury ever afterwards 
gloried in being the first man who pro- 
claimed king George the First. And, 
consequently, Fetter-lane, and the site 
of the meeting-house then occupied by 
the church of which the respected se- 
cretary to the London Missionary So- 
ciety, the Rev. George Burder, is now 
pastor, is an object of the greatest 
interest to the dissenters, who have 
ever since enjoyed the protection of the 
illustrious house of Hanover. 

So much in consequence of Mr. 
Reid’s account of Mr. Bradbury ; his 
next bolt is shot against a Mr. Gunn, 
not the late Rev. Alphonsus Gunn, he 
is particularly cautious to explain, but 
a Mr. Gunn, who ‘“‘afterwards preached 
in this meeting in Zoar-street. He 
was a man of warm passions, &c.”’ As 
nothing could be learned on inquiry, 
either of the person or conduct of this 
individual, ke must of necessity be left 
in the hands of the “ liberal’? Mr. 
Reid, whio is here recommended for the 
future, to authenticate his statements 
before he submits them to the public. 

Thus, Sir, I have discharged a duty 
which I considered owing to truth and 
to the public. B. HANBURY. 

_ 8, Temple-place, 
Blackfriars’ -road, Jan. 23, 1822. 
—aponee 


For the Monthly Magazine. 
ACCOUNT of the PLAGUE tn ARTA, in 
the Southern purt of BPIRUS, in the 
territory of ALY, PASHA of JANINA, 
in 1816. 
RTA, in its present state contains 
a palace belonging to Aly, a resi- 
dence for the Freuch consul, erected at 
the expence of the French government ; 
but the property was lately disputed 
by Aly, on the intermission of the cus- 
tomary gratifications. Arta is the see 
of a Greek Archbishop, and possesses 
twenty-six churches, seven synagogues 
and five mosques; to accommodate a 
population of about seven thousand 
Greek Christians, eight hundred Ma- 
hometans, and a thousand Jews, who 
removed thither from the south of 
Italy, when forced to leave their homes 
in the fifteenth century. Such was the 
state of Arta, when the plague broke 
out in May, 1816. The French consul, 


Account of the Plague in Arta. 


211 


established in the town, instead of 
withdrawing from danger, nobly com- 
plied with the request of the Turkish 
ipeaee to remain in the place; that 
y his presence and influence he might 
in some measure restrain the disorder 
of the inhabitants threatened with the 
pestilence, and suffering from famine. 
For the stock of flour in the town was 
exhausted, and the aqueducts which 
supplied the mills had been, (purposely 
as it is believed) interrupted. The 
real nature of the distemper which 
showed itself in different parts of the 
town was kept secret; and as the 
French consul continued in the place, 
the fears of the public were abated, and. 
the houses of the rich, which were 
supposed to contain stores of provisions, 
were saved from plunder. The water- 
courses were repaired, and the mills 
began to furnish flour: but the places: 
of worship were closed, to prevent the 
promiscuous intercourse of the healthy 
and those probably infected. The 
Greek clergy visited the sick, the go- 
vernor distributed gratuitously provi- 
sions, and the consul daily repaired to- 
those places in which the infected were 
confined. All this passed on for some 
time: but one morning the consul met 
in the street a young girl with her dress 
and hair in disorder, her body covered 
with pustules, from which the scales 
fell off like those of a fish in a state of 
decay. Longer to conceal the presence 
of the plague was now impossible: fif- 
teen or twenty persons were daily cut 
off by it, and it was judged necessary 
to announce the truth to the public. 
Then a suffragan bishep, in his sacer- 
dotal dress, his head covered with a 
long black. veil, passed through the 
streets, attended by a number of infe- 
rior clergy, carrying funeral torches, 
distributing holy water around him, 
and proclaiming that the destroying 
angel was now present in the city. The 
dismal silence of the ceremony was 
only interrupted by the single voice of 
the bishop chanting the ancient funeral 
hymn, which commences with these 
words: “At the banquet of life we 
appear but fora day.” The principal 
inhabitants now sought safety in the 
surrounding towns and villages, the 
consul repaired to his brother, esta- 
blished in Patras in the Morea, In the 
course of three months, above two thou- 
sand persons fell under the scourge; and 
in thespring of the ensuing year, (1817) 
two-thirds of the population of Arta 
were: 


212 


were no more: eighteen months elapsed 
before the yawning graves were closed, 
and the consul returned to his post. 

The following is the letter he sent 
to his brother in Patras, soon after his 
arrival in Arta:— 

“ The pestilence is at an end: the 
remains of the people have returned to 
the town. The scourge has exhausted 
its strength with its venom, but during 
its course it has exhibited every capri- 
cious but horrible character of its ma- 
lignity. To say nothing of the disor- 
ders in the head and stomach, and of 
the fever which usually characterize 
the plague, the concomitant signs of 
the malady were not less various than 
destructive. Not one of those who 
died were more than forty-eight hours 
ill. Some, tortured by insatiable thirst, 
died before the appearance of the boils. 
Others had the breast and even the 
whole body covered with an eruption 
resembling currants. In some cases, 
large carbuncles after suppuration, 
threw off sloughs of such thickness as 
to discover the ribs and bones. Of 
those who had boils on the joints not 
one recovered. Persons of a weak 
constitution expired so exhausted that 
their bodies rapidly decayed, as if 
struck by lightning. Others died in 
paroxysms of convulsions and mad- 
ness. A small number retained their 
reason to the last ; but the greater num- 
ber, delirious and furious, would get 
on the tops of the houses and utter the 
most horrible screams. Often while 
in conversation together, persons were 
seized by giddiness; the eyes became 
inflamed ; the voice became loud; and 
they hastened to throw themselves into 
the wells or the river to quench the 
fire that devoured them. A general 
derangement of mind seemed to pre- 
vail among those even who were not 
affected by the distemper. My ser- 
vants, terrified by beholding several 
persons perish in my house, and eveu 
-in my bed-chamber which was broken 
into, affirmed that they heard a veice 
which warned them to escape for their 
lives. 

Since the cessation of the scourge 
the Greeks fancy they see on a neigh- 
bouring hill, a decrepid old woman, 
calling ont again, again. The clergy 
themselves assure me they ebserved 
flames breaking out of the graves of 
the infected. The whole people seem 
in some measure to be deranged.” 


News from Parnassus..No. XVI. _ 


[April 1, 


NEWS FROM PARNASSUS. 
No. XVI. 

HE Martyr of Antioch, a dramatic 

poem. lately published, by the Rev. 
H. H. MIuMAN, Professor ef Poetry in 
the university of Oxford, if not endow- 
ed with the striking energies of that 
school of poetry, to which our empirical 
Laureate has ascribed a sefanie charac- 
ter, yet displays a degree of power and 
dignity, which always ensures him re- 
spect, and sometimes deserves admira- 
tion. His taste, on the other hand, is too 
pure, and his elevation of mind too great 
to allow him to fall into the babbling 
prolixity and contemptible puerilities 
of the Bards of the Lakes, whilst he is 
by no means deficient in that simplicity 
and tenderness of sentimeut, to which 
those writers advance such exclusive 
pretensions. The materials of poetry 
are, indeed, so mixed up in him, and 
have received such assiduons and well- 
directed cultivation, that his works 
present, in our opinion, as many beau- 
ties, combined with as few faults, as 
are to be found in any of our authors. 
Without ranking him in the very first 
class, he will undoubtedly attain and 
secure a high station amongst the most 
pleasing and unexceptionable of our 
poets. 

In his selection of subjects, Mr. Mil- 
man is most likely in some measure 
influenced by his profession; and to 
this, to a certain extent, there is no ob- 
jection. The “ Martyr of Antioch” 
partakes more of this spirit than his 
last work, the ‘ Fall of Jerusalem ;”’ 
and rather more, we are inclined to 
say, than is requisite for a prodnetion 
of general interest. We do not wish 
to see Mr. Milman confine himself, like 
Mrs. Hannah More, to the inditing of 
Sacred Dramas. His profession cannot 
demand from him this sacrifice. We 
proceed, at once, to the martyrdom of 
St. Margaret. 

The daughter of a heathen priest, 
(in the drama called Callias,) beloved 
by Olybius, the Roman Prefect of the 
East, Margaret suffered death in the 
persecution of the Christians at Antioch, 
in the reign of the Emperor Probus. 
The poem opens with a sacrifice to 
Apollo, introduced by a hymn. to that 
deity, which is somewhat teo long. 
Margarita alone is expected to complete 
the ceremony. She is the priestess of 
the god, and herself little Jess than a 
goddess, in the beautiful description of 
the poet. 

Macer. 


1822. ] 


Macer. What, then, is wanting 2 
Second Priest. What, but the crown and palm- 
like grace of all, 
The sacred virgin, on whose footsteps beauty 
Waits likea handmaid; whose most peerless form, 
Light as embodied air, and pure as ivory 
Thrice polished by the skilful statuary, 
Moves in the priestess’ long and flowing robes, 
W hile our scarce-erring worship doth adore 
The servant rather than the God. 
Twrd Priest. The maid 
W hose living lyre so eloquently speaks, 
From the deserted grove the siient birds 
Hang hovering o’er her; and we buman hearers 
Stand breathless as the marbles on the walls, 
That even themselves seein touch’d to listening 


ife 
All animate with the inspiring eestacy. 

First Roman. Thou mean’st the daughter of the 

holy Catlias ; 
I once beheld her when the thronging people 
Prest round, yet parted still to give her way, 
Hiven as the blue enamour’d waves, when first 
The sea-born Goddess in her rosy shell 
Sail’d the calm ocean. 

Second Prizst. Margarita, come, 
Come in thy zoneless grace and flowing locks, 
Crown’d with the laurel of the God; the lyre 
Accordant to thy slow and musical steps, 

As grateful ’twould return the harmony, 
That from thy touch it wins. 

Margarita, notwithstanding these in- 
vocations, dees not appear; and, on 
searching the sanctuary, it is found in 
a state of profane confusion, aud the 
priestess is sought for in vain, The 
alarmed father upbraids the Prefect 
with the abduction of his daughter, and 
in the midst of their alarm, Vopiscus 
enters with the Emperor’s mandate, 
commanding Olybius to institute new 
severities against the Christians. Mar- 
garita now, rather unaccountabiy, en- 
ters, and hearing these orders, without 
yet divulging her faith, cannot repress 
her emotions: 

Olybius. Priests! 

We mourn that we must leave th’ imperfect rites, 
Deeply we mourn it, when bright Margarita 
Vouchsafes her late and much-desired presence. 
So on to-morrow for our Judgment-hall— 

Let all the fires be kindled, and bring forth 

The long-disused racks, and fatal engines. 

Their rust must be wash’d offin blood. Proclaim 
That every guilty worshipper of Christ 

Be dragg’d before ns. Ha! 

Macer. W hat frantic ery 
With insolent interruption breaks upon 
Rome’s Prefect ? : 

Many voices. Lo the priestess! Lo the priestess! 

See. /riest. She hath fallen down upon her knees ; 

her hair 

Is scattered like a cloud of gold; her hands 
Are clasp’d across her swelling breast; her eyes 
Do bolda sad communion with the heavens, 
And her lips move, yet make no sound. 

Third Priest. Haste—haste— 
The laurel erown—the laurel of the God— 
She’s rapt—possess'd !— 

Margarita. The erown—the crown of glory— 
God give me grace upon my bleeding brows 
To wear it, 

See. Priest. She is distracted by our gaze— 
She shrinks and trembles. Lead her in, the trance 

ill pass anon, and her unsealed lips 
Pour forth the mystic numbers, that men hear, 
And feel the inspiring Deity. 

We next find Margaret passing se- 
eretly in the evening through the grove 


of Daphne, to warn her assembled 


Mr. Milman’s Martyr of Antioch. 


213 


brethren of their approaching danger, 
and pausing to apostrophize the scene 
of her former idolatry. 
Oh, thou polluted, yet most lovely grove ! 
Hath the Almighty breath’d o’er all thy bowers 
An everlasting spring, and paved thy walks 
With amaranthine flowers—are but the winds, 
W hose breath is gentle, suffered to entangle 
Their light wings, not unwilling prisoners, 
In thy thick branches, there to make sweet mur- 
murs 
With the bee’s bum, and melody of birds, 
And all the voices of the hundred fountains, 
That drop translucent from the mountain's side, 
And lull themselves along their level course, 
To slumber with their own soft-sliding sounds ; 
And all for foul idolatry, or worse, 
To make itself a home and sauctuary ? 


Oh, second Eden, like the first, defiled 
Withsin ! even like thy human *habitants, 
Thy winds, and flowers, and waters, have forgot 
The gracious hand that made them, ministers 
Voluptuous to man’s transgressions—all, 
Save thou, sweet nightingale! that, like myself, 
Pourest alone thy melancholy song ' 
To silence and to God. 


She is here overtaken by the Prefect, 
whose jealousy has been roused by her 
recent coldness, and from whom she 
still conceals the real cause of her 
apparent change. Nothing results from 
the meeting, and the martyr passes 
ou to the congregation at the burial- 
place of the Christians. They have 
just interred a brother, over whom they 
chant an anthem, which is more dis- 
tinguished by its piety than by poetical 
spirit. They are warned by the Neo- 
phyte, and flee timely away. Margaret 
returns to the temple, and the expiana- 


tory scene with her father ensues : 
Callas. How ?—what ?—imine ears 
Ring with a wild confusion of strange sounds 
That have no meaning: Thou’rt not wont to mock 
Thine aged father, but I think that now 
Thon dost, my child. 
Margarita. By Jesus Christ—by Him 
In whom my soul hath hope of immortality, 
Father! I mock not. 
Cullias. Lightnings blast—not thee, 
But those that by their subtle incantations 
Have wrought upon thy innocent suul! 
Margarila. Look there ! 
Father, [’1l follow thee where’er thon wilt; 
Thou dost not mean this ernel violence 
With which thou drage’st me on. 
Callias. Dost not behold him, 
Tay God! thy father’s God! the God of Antioch! 
And feel’st thou not the cold and silent awe, 
That emanates from his immortal presence 
O’er all the breathless temple? Dar’st thou see 
The terrible brightness of the wrath that burns 
On his arch‘d brow? Lo! how the indignation 
Swells in each strong dilated lim)! His stature 
Grows loftier ; and the roof, the quaking pavement, 
The shadowy pillars, all the temple feels 
The offended God! I dare not look again, 
Dar’st thou ? 
Margarita. T sce a silent shape of stone, 
In w hich the majesty of human passion 
Is to the life express’d. A noble image, 
But wrought by mortal hands, upon a model 
As mortalas themselves. 
Callias. Ha! look again, then, 
There in the East. Mark how the purple clouds 
Throng to pavilion him: th’ officious winds 
Pant forth to purify his azure path d , 
From night’s dun vapours and fast-seattering mists. 
The glad earth wakes in adoration 3 all 


The voices of all animate things lift up 
Tumultvous 


214 


Tumultuous orisons ; the spacious world 
Lives but in him that is its life. But he, 
Disdainful of the universal homage, 
Holds his calm way, and vindicates for his own 
Th’ illimitable heavens, in solitude 
Of peerless glory unapproachable. 
What means thy proud undazzled look, to adore 
Or moek, ungracious ¢ 
Margarita. On yon burning orb 
I gaze, and say, Thoumightiest work of him _ 
That launch’d thee forth, a golden-crowned bride- 
groom, 
To hang thy everlasting nuptial lamp 
In the exulting heavens. In thee the light, 
Creation’s eldest-born, was tabernacled. 
To theo was given to quicken slumbering nature, 
And lead the season’s slow vicissitude 
Over the fertile breast of mother earth ; 
Till men begen to stoop their grovelling prayers 
Fron the Almighty Sire of all to thee— 
And I will add,—Thou universal emblem, 
Hung in the forehead of the all-seen heavens, 
Of him, that with the light of righteousness 
Dawn’d on our latter days; the visitant day spring 
Of the benighted world. Enduring splendour! 
Giant refresh’d! that evermore renew’st 
Thy flaming strength ; nor even shalt thou cease, 
With time coeval even till Time itself, 
Hath perish’d in eternity. Then thou 
Shalt own, from thy apparent deity 
Debased, thy mortal nature, from the sky 
Withering before the all-entightening Lamb, 
W hose radiant throne shall yuench all other fires. 
Cailias. And yet she stands unblasted! In thy 
mercy 
Thou dost remember all my faithfol vows, 
Ripperien ! and suspend the fiery shaft 
That quivers onthy string. Ah! not on her, 
This innocent, wreak thy fury! Iwill search, 
And thou wilt lend me light, although they shroud 
In deepest Orcus, I will pluck them forth, 
And set them up a mark for all thy wrath; 
Those that beguiled to this unholy madness 
My pure and blameless child. Shine forth, shine 


ort. 
Apollo! and we'll have onz full revenge! 

The scene is next transferred to the 
Prefect’s hall of justice,whither the cap- 
tured christians are brought for judg- 
ment, and, amongst the rest, Margaret, 
who has been seized in company with 
Fabius, the patriarch of her sect, and 
who now stands before the Prefect, her 
lover, and the priest, her father, to re- 
ceive her sentence at their hands. The 
whole scene is well imagined, and for- 
cibly written. It is succeeded by an 
interview between the father and child 
in the prison. The spirit of the parent 
is broken down, and he forgets, in his 
sorrow, the supposed guilt of the apos- 
tate priestess. 

Daughter! when thon serv’dst 

Thy fathers’ gods, thou wert not thus! the sun 
Was brightest where thou wert—beneath thy feet 
Flowers grew. Thou sat’st like some unclouded 

star 
Tnsphered jn thine own light and joy, and mad’st 
The world around thee beauteous; now, cold earth 
Must be thy couch to-night, to-morrow mora— 
—— What means that musie ?—~ Oh, I us’d tolove 
Those evening harpings once, my child! 

Margarita. I hear 
The maids; beneath the twilight they are thronging 
To Daphne, and they carol as they pass. 

Caliias. Thou canst not go. 

Margarita. Lament not that,.my father. 

Callias. Thou must breathe here the damp and 

stifling ai. 

Margarita. Nay, listen not. 

Callias. They call us hence. Ah! ne, 

My gentle child, in vain wouldst thou distract 


News from Parnassus...No. XVI. 


| April 1, 


My rapt attention from each well-known note, 

Once hallow’d to mine ear by thine own voice, 

ie made Antioch vacant, drawing after 
thee 

The throngang youth, which cluster’d all around 
thee 


Like bees around their queen, the happiest they 
That were the nearest. Oh, my child! my child! 


The virgins of Apollo are heard, as 
they pass by, and their evening song is 
very beautifully written. As the night 
advances, Margaret is led forth to a 
splendid palace, where the strongest 
trial of her faith is made, in the choice 
of good or evil, held out to her by the 
Prefect, to whom she is devotedly at- 
tached, and who presents the contrast 


to her senses in the strongest colours : 

Olybius. Sweet Margarita, 

Give me thine hand—for once—Oh! snowy trea- 
sure, — 

That shall be mine thus fondly clasp’d for ever. 

Now, Margarita, cast thine eyes below— 

W hat seest thou? 

Margarita. Here Apollo’s temple rests 
Its weight a its snow-white columns. There 
The massy shades of Daphne, with its streams, 
That with their babbling sounds allure the sight, 
Where their long dim-seen tracts of silvery white- 

ness 
Now gleam, and now are lost again. Beyond 
The star-lit city in its wide repose ; 
Fach tall and allent tower in stately darkness, 
Distinct against the cloudless sky. 

Olybius. Beneath thee, 
Now, to the left? 

Margarita. A dimand narrow court 
I see, where shadows as of hurrying men 
Pass and repass; and now and then their lights 
Wander on shapeless heaps, like funeral piles— 
And there are things of strange distorted shape, 
On which the torebes cast a colder hue, 

As though on iron instruments of torture. 
A little farther, there are moving lamps 
Tn the black amphitheatre, that glance, 
And as they planes, each narrow aperture 
Is feebly gilded with their slanted light. 
It is the quick and busy preparation 

For the dark sacrifice of to-morrow. 

Olybius. There, 
If thou canst add the scorn, and shame, and pain, 
The infuriate joy of the fierce multitude, 
The flowing blood, and limbs that writhe in flame, 
Thou seest what thou preparest for thyself. 
Now what Olybius’ love prepares for thee, 
Fairest, behold * * * * Behold 
Yon throne, whereon the Asiarch holds his state, 
Circled by kings, and more than kingly Romans; 
There by his side shall Margarita sit, 
Olybius’ bride ; with all the adoring city, 
And every province of the sumptuous East, 
Casting its lavish homage at her feet; 
Her life one luxury of love, her state 
One scene of peerless pomp and pride; her will 
The law of spacious kingdoms, and her lord 
More glorious for the beauty of his bride, 
Than for three triumphs. Now, my soul’s beloved! 
Make thou thy choice. 

Margarita. ?Tis made—the funeral pyre. 


The Prefect determines, notwith- 
standing, at all events to save the 
maiden’s life, and although she is 
brought with the other victims to the 
place of execution, it is only with the 
view of shaking her constancy, by mak- 
ing her an eye-witness of the various 
tortures under which they expire. Re- 
fore they are led out to death, the spirit 
of the beautiful martyr rises high with- 

in 


1822.] 
in her, and breaks forth in a strain of 
inspiration. 

Olybius. Beautiful! what mean’st thou ? 


Why feet thou look to yon bright heaven? What 
- — seest 

That makes thy full eyes kindle as they gaze, 
_Undazzled, on the fiery sky? Give place— > 
Strike off those misplaced fetters from her limbs; 
The sunshine falls around her like a mantle, 

The robes of saffron flame like gold. Give place. 

_ Macer. Great Phoebus conquers! See, she strikes 


the lyre 
With his ecstatic fervour. 
Callias. Peace—oh peace! 


And I shall hear once more before I die 
That voice on which I've lived these long, long 
years. 
Hark, even the winds are mute to hear her. Peace ! 
Marg, What means yon blaze on high ? 
The empyrean sky 
Like the rich veil of some proud fane is rending,' 
Isee the star-paved land, 
Where all the angels stand, 
Eyen to the highest height in burning rows ascend- 
ing ; 
aoe with their wings dispread, 
And bow’d the stately head, 
As on some mission of God’s love departing, 
Like flames from midnight conflagrations starting ; 
Behold! the appointed messengers aie they, 
And nearest earth they wait to waft our souls away . 


Higher and higher still 
More lofty statures fill 
The jasper courts of the everlasting dwelling ; 
Cherub and Seraph pace 
The illimitable space, 
While sleep the folded plumes from their white 
shoulders swelling. 
From all the harping throng 
Bursts the tumultuous song, 
Like the unceasing sounds of cataracts pouring ; 
Hosanna o’er Hosanna louder roaring. 
That faintly echoing down to earthly ears, 
Hath seem’d the consort sweet of the harmonious 


spheres. 
s e * e 2 * 


Beyond! ah, who is there 
With the white snowy air? 
Tis he—’tis he, the Son of Man appearing! 
At the right-hand of One, 
_ The darkness of whose throne 
_ That sun-eyed Seraph Host behold with awe and 
fearing ; 
O’er him the rain-bow springs, 
And spreads its emerald wings, 
Down to the glassy sea his loftiest seat o’er-arching. 
Hark !—thunders from his throne, like steel-clad 
armies marching. 


The Christ! the Christ commands us to his home, 
Jesus, Redeemer, Lord, we come, we come, we 
come! 


The christians are then given into 
the hands of the torturers, and their 
various fates are related by officers who 
enter for that purpose. Olybius awaits 
in anxiety the effect which these scenes 
are to produce on Margarita, and seem- 
ingly aware that he has placed her in 
a very perilous predicament. His ar- 
rangements certainly appear to have 
been but loosely concerted, for a very 
simple circumstance disappoints his 
hopes, and plunges him into a state of 
distraction and remorse, under the in- 
fluence of which he renounces his power 
and his ambition for ever. An officer 
enters amidst fearful shrieks, with an 


aspect of ill omen: 
‘ylius, Speak, and instantly, 


Mr, Milman’s Martyr of Antioch. 


215 


Or I will dash thee down, and trample from thee 
Thy hideous secret, 
Officer. - It is nothing hideons— 
’Tis but the enemy of our faith. She died 
Nobly in truth—but—— 
Cailias. Dead! she is not dead! 
Thou liest! I have his oath—the Prefect’s oath ; 
I had forgot it in my fears, but now 
I well remember, that she should not die. 
Faugh! whowill trust in Gods and men like these ? 
Olybius. Slave! slave! dost mock me? Beiter 
*twere for thee 
That this be false, than if thou’dst found a treasure 
To purchase kingdoms. 
Officer. Here me but a while. 
She had beheld each sad and cruel death, 
And if she shudder’d, ’twas as one that strives 
With nature’s soft infirmity of pity, 
One look to heaven restoring all her calmness ; 
Save when that dastard did renounce his faith, 
And she shed tears for him. Then led they forth 
Old Fabius. When a quick and sudden cry 
Of Callias, and a parting in the throng, 
Proclaim’d her father’s coming. Forth she sprang, 
And clasp’d the frowning headsman’s knees, and said, 
“Thou know’st me, when thou laid’st on thy sick 


bed, 
Christ sent me there to wipe thy burning brow 
There was an infant play’d about thy chamber, 
And my pale cheek would smile and weep atonce, 
Gazing upon that almost orphkan’d child. 
Oh! by its dear and precious memory, 
I do beseech thee slay me first, and quickly: 
Tis that my father may not see my death.” 
—With that the headsman wip’d from his swarth 
cheeks 
A moisture like to tears. But she meanwhile, 
On the cold block composed ber head, and cross’d 
Her hands upon her bosom, that scarce heav’d, 
She was so tranquil; cautious, lest her garments 
Should play the traitors to her modest care. 
And as the cold wind touch’d her naked neck, 
And fann’d away the few unbraided hairs, 
Blushes o’erspread her face, and she look’d up 
As softly to reproaeh his tardiness : 
Andsome fell Nera upon their knees, some clasp’d 
Their hands, enamour’d even to adoration 
Gf that half-smiling face and bending form. — 
Callias. But he—but he—the savage executioner. 
Officer. He trembled. 
Callias. Ha! Gou’s blessing on his head! 
And the exe slid from out his palsied hand ? 
Officer. He gave it to another. 
Callias. And—— 
Officer. It fell. 
Callias. I see it, , 
I see it like the lightning flash. I see it, 
And the blood bursts—my hlood—my daughter's 
blood ! 
Off—let me loose. 
Officer. Where goest thou ? 
Callias. To the Christian, 
To learn the faith in which my daughter died, 
And follow heras quickly as I may. : 
The death of the lovely martyr is 
represented as effecting a sudden change 
in the feelings of the people, who join 
the surviving christians in honouring 
her remains; and the volume closes 
with a triumphal hymn, conceived in a 
high and sustained spirit of enthusiasm. 
Mr. Milman may assure himself of a 
considerable addition to his well-earned 
reputation from this performance. It 
is.a stately, graceful, and vigorous pro- 
duction ; the offspring of very consi- 
derable natural talents, refined and 
cultivated by industry and by art. 
With much of the powers, he has none 
of the eccentricities of genius; and pos- 


sesses, in as much perfection as ey 
e 


216 


be desired, the qualities which ought 
to distinguish the occupant of that chair 
to which he has recently been appoint- 
ed, and which he cannot fail to li with 
honour. The poet may well profess to 
teach the theory of his art, wlio can put 
it so beautifully into practice ; and his 
opinions of the works of others must 
deserve attention, when all voices unile 
to commend his own. 


—>—— 
To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. 
SIR, 
N a scrap of printed paper (ap- 
parently part of a leaf of some 
periodical publication.) which acciden- 
tally feil inte my hands the other day, 
I found the following paragraph :— 

* Botanists well know that a rose-bud 
is enclosed by jive leaves, which shut it 
up close, until the flower blows. There is 
upon this subject an admired relict of 
monkish Latin, descriptive of the leaves 
which surrouud the rose, and which criti- 
cally and classically states the differences 
that distinguish each leaf. It runs thus, 

‘ Quinque sunt fratres, 

Sub eodem tempore nati 5 
Duo barbati ; 

Ultimus é quinque ; 

Non est barbatus utrinque.’” 

The editor of the work asks for an 
English translation, which, of course, 
I have not seen, nor have the means of 
tracing. If this amusing jingle be 
correctly given, it is evident that there 
are only three of the leaves described, 
and it is left to the ingenuity of the 
reader to find out the characteristics of 
the other two by comp2ring those that 
are particularized, and ascribing the 
only alternative between them to those 
which ave not. Thus the common 
hedge-rose has a calyx, which incloses 
the bud, consisting of five leaves, long, 
lanceolate-narrow, two simple, two 
pinnate, (* barbati,’) and a fifth pin- 
nate only on one side, (“* non barbatus 
utringue.”) The three leaves, then, 
described in the above lines, are the 
two which are pinnate, or bearded, and 
the one which is pinnate on one side 
only, or “ not bearded on both sides,” 
as the verse rather ambiguously ex- 
presses it ; consequently the two leaves 
omitted in the description must be the 
two that are “ simple,” or without 
any beard at all. It is possible (per- 
haps not probable, since a paradox ap- 
pears to have been intended,) that two 
lines may have been lost from this ex- 
quisite trifle. Be this as it may, it is 
beyond my skill to give a rhyming 
translation at once brief, apivited, and 


Observations on the Life of Lord Russell. 


[April 1, 


so complete as evidently to imply what 
is omitted, and furnish a. cue to the 
reader to discover it himself. Should 
you deem the subject at all worthy of 
notice im your multifarieusly-useful 
Magazine, you are welcome to the fore- 
going communication, which you may 
employ as you think proper. 

The following imitation of the lines 
is also at your service. If it have not 
the brief and terse simplicity of the 
original, it will vot be more difficult 
to apprehend with the commentary al- 
ready given. Perhaps some of your 
correspondeats may be able to supply 
a better version. 

Five brethren there are 

Born at once of their mother 5 

Two bearded, two bare, 

The fifth neither one nor the other, 

But to each of his brethren half-brother. 

Feb. 9, 1822. Sus Rosa. 


——=————- 

For ihe Monthly Magazine. 
OBSERVATIONS on the LIF£ of LORD 
RUSSELL, by his DESCENDANT. 
YAVEE lite of the celebrated martyr 

to liberty, Lord Russell, which has 
recently appeared from the pen of his 
descendant, Lord John Russell, abounds 
with just and liberal sentiments on the 
subject of government, reflecting ho- 
nour on his understanding as well as 
his rank. It is truly gratifying to see 
a young nobleman so well and worthily 
employed. Greatly indeed were it to 
be wished that an academy of history 
were to be instituted, which might 
awaken the attention of persons in the 
higher classes of life to a branch of 
study which would tend to intellectual 
improvement, to speak with modera- 
tion, almost as much as horticultural 
or agricultural pursuits. Such are the 
inexhaustible stores of knowledge and 
instruction arising from this source, 
that never need the votary of the his- 
toric muse, who sacrifices at her altar 
with true devotion, apprehend a vacant 
or a useless hour. History is justly 
and nobly defined to be philosophy 
teaching by example. But to render 
this study “ of mankind” truly interest- 
ing, it must be combined with the real 
desire of benefiting mankind; and in 
this pursuit beyond all others, it will 
be found that knowledge increases the 
desire of knowledge. 

In England compared with France, it 
is to be regretted that few writers in 
this department are to be met with who 
fill the first ranks of society, or who 
have been actually engaged in the 
walks of public life. But from thena- 

ture 


1822.] 


ture of our constitution, a vast fund of 
information is supplied from the papers 
officially laid before parliament; and 
to the liberality of private individuals 
we are indebted for the posthumous 
publication of many interesting manu- 
seripts. Hume remarks upon the eb- 
ligation which English history owes to 
the celebrated Chancellors Bacon and 
Clarendon ; to whom he might have 
added two other great men of ihe same 
order, the Lord Keeper Whitiocke, and 
the Chancellor Somers. The Marquis 
of Halifax, the Lords Delamere, Moles- 
worth, Bolingbroke, and many other 
noble writers might be enumerated ; 
and of those who were actively engaged 
in affairs, we have likewise Winwood, 
Ludlow, Temple, the Walpoles, &c. 
As the heart-rending story of Lord 
Russell’s trial and execution has been 
so often repeated, itswas natural to ex- 
pect that anarrative imprinted on every 
mind, and now again related with such 
strong and just feeling, should, from 
so distinguished a quarter, have re- 
ceived fresh interest by some addition 
of original matter to the general mass 
of historical information; which, it 
must be acknowledged, does not seem 
to be the case. The noble author ad- 
mits that the character ‘of the Ear] of 
Shaflesbury has been much wisrepre- 
sented and defamed, yet he appears to 
adopt all the commonly-received, and 
injurious ideas of preceding writers, 
and more especially of Hume, respect- 
ing that nobleman, except, indeed, the 
vulgar and preposterous charges of 
shutting up the exchequer, and invent- 
ing the Popish Plot. Lord Shaftesbury, 
nevertheless, incurred the same hazards 
in the same cause with Lord Russell; 
and a more candid consideration was 
surely dune to the constancy and courage 
of him who, m his advanced age was 
ready to sacrifice his life for the princi- 
ples, in defence of which he! had con- 
tended in his youth. Could'the profli- 
gate monarch whom he long and faith- 
fully served, have purchased his apos- 
tacy, it is certain that no price would 
have been thought too great. To the 
firm leader of the patriot band, to the 
eloquent and inflexible advocate of 
civil and religious liberty, to the bene- 
ficent statesman to whom the nation is 
indebted for that bulwark of freedom 
the Habeas Corpus Act, styled by King 
James in his Memoirs “a malicious 
trick of Shaftesbury to diminish the 
just power of the crown; to such a 
Montsty Maa. No. 366. 


Observations on the Life of Lord Russell. 


217 


man ought we to refuse the common 
justice of examining into the accusa- 
tions adduced by his avowed and inve- 
terate enemies, before we join in the 
sentence of condemnation ? 

As to Mr. Hume, the fashionable 
historian of the present age, after exert- 
ing every effort to exalt the character 
of the Earl of Strafford, who employed 
his great talents toenslave his country, 
the wish was natural in the same pro- 
portion to degrade the Earl of Shaftes- 
bury, who, with at Jeast equal ability, 
and the most imminent personal risk, 
exerted himself with unabated zeal to 
the end of life in the cause of liberty ; 
and whose memory has since suffered 
under a load of unparalleled misrepre- 
sentation and falsehood. 

In order that some judgment may be 
formed of the attention paid by Mr. 
Hume to facts, the most important and 
incontrovertible, a, plain tale is only 
necessary. 

1. Mr. H. asserts that the Earl of 
Shaftesbury suggested to Clifford the 
infamous advice of shutting up the ex- 
chequer. This flagrant calumny, of 
which he was above a century ago ac- 
quitted even by the historian North, is 
at last. “ set at vest,’? as Lord J. R. is 
pleased to allow, by the recent testi- 
mony of Mr. Evelyn! 

2. Mr. H.. asserts. that the Lord 
Keeper, Sir Orlando Bridgman, refused 
to aflix the great seal to the Declaration 
of Indulgence, and was therefore re- 
moved from his office, and Shaftesbury 
made Chancellor for that express pur- 
pose. Whereas the Lord Keeper held 
the great seal eight months subsequent 
to the Declaration, and then retired, as 
publicly notified, “from age and in- 
firmity.”’ 

3. Mr. H. represents the Earl of 
Strafford as abandoning the court, de- 
cause the King, intimidated by the com- 
mons, had cancelled the Declaration. 
On the contrary, the King, thongh so- 
licited by Ormond and Arlington: as 
well as Shaftesbury, to give satisfaction 
to the Commons, had shewn no tokens 
of irresolution when Shaftesbury made 
his famous speech in reply to Clifford; 
and it wasin consequence of it that the 
King who was present at the debate, 
bioke theSeal ofthe Declaration with his 
own hand; and Shaftesbury continued 
in very high favour till the close of the 
year, and the commeucement of the 
ensuing session; at which period the 
King, reverting to\French and, Popish 

25 counsels, 


218 


counsels, prorogued parliament, after 
it had sat nine days only, and Shaftes- 
bury finally broke with the court. 

4. Mr. H. does not hesitate to brand 
this nobleman with treachery as wellas 
apostacy. ‘ Gu entering,’ says he, 
“ into the cabals of the country party,” 
so he chuses to designate the consulta- 
tions of the patriots, “Shaftesbury dis- 
covered to them, perhaps magnified the 
arbitrary designs of the court, in which 
he himself had borne so deep a share.”’ 
But did not the whole nation know that 
the King had entered into a fatal con- 
nection with France, having for its ob- 
jects the subversion of Holland, and the 
enslavement of England? It was 
equally impossible to discover or to 
magnify guilt so great and notorious. 
Moreover in another passage, Mr. H. 
himself allows “ that Shaftesbury main- 
tained the character of never betraying 
those friends whom he deserted.*’. The 
names of *“ those friends” thus mys- 
teriously alluded to by Mr. H. he has 
not thought proper to disclose. To 
ae the subject would extend this 
discussion foo far. 

Of College, who fell one of the first 
victims of the court after the dissolution 
of the Oxford parliament, it cannot but 
excite our regret to hear the noble au- 
thor of the Life of Lord Russell, con- 
temptuously say “ This man was a car- 
penter, who by his noisy zeal and the 
notice he had received from the Duke of 
Monmonth, and other men of rank, 
had acquired the name of the Protest- 
ant Joiner.” * College,” says the bio- 
graphical historian Granger, “ was an 
excellent mechanic; and for his su- 
perior talents much respected by per- 
sons of rank.’? This was to their ho- 
nour much more than to his. “ But 
all our praises why should Lords en- 
gross?” It is remarkable that Hume 
does far more justice to this extraor- 
dinary man than the noble descendant 
of Lord Russell; and the entire passage 
relative to College, evinces in common 
with many others in the course of his 
work. that this admired historian, who 
has beyond any writer of the past cen- 
tury administered “ sweet poison to the 
age’s tooth,’’ could occasionally feel as 
forcible emotions of indignation against 
cruelty and oppression as the most ar- 
dent patriot. After enumerating the 
infamous arts practised against College, 
he proceeds to say, ** Though beset with 
“so many toils, and oppressed with so 
many iniquities, he defended himself 


The Oriental Gleaner..No. V. 


with spirit, courage, capacity, aud pre~ 


[April J, 


sence of mind ; and he invalidated the 
evidence of the crown by convincing 
arguments and undoubted testimony. 
The inhuman spectators received the 
verdict with a shout of applause ; but 
the prisoner was in no way dismayed. 
At his execution be maintained the 
same manly fortitude, and still denied 
the crime imputed to him. His whole 
conduct and demeanor prove him to 
have been a man led astray only by the 
fury of the times; and to have been go- 
verned by an honest though indiscreet 
seal for his country and religion.” The 
last clause contains an excuse which 
the candour of Mr. Hume, would, no 
doubt, extend to every man imprudent 
enough to risk his life, and all that he 
holds dear in this world, either for the 
one or the other. 


— > 
THE ORIENTAL GLEANER. 
No. V. 

if pe following papers are translated 
from the splendid German journal 
called “ the MINEs of the East,” pub- 
lished at Vienna, from which we have 
already submitted to our readers some 
extracts, relative to the ruins of Baby- 
lon, and whose interesting contents 
we shall continue to Jay before them, 

as space and opportunity occur.* 

COURTS of JUSTICE in CHINA. 

The officers of the Chinese courts of 
justice possess many of the advantages 
on which fortune throws a lustre, and 
certainly lead a very comfortable life. 
The value of their labours, and the 
ability with which they are executed, 
seem as duly estimated as under the 
meridians of Paris and London. De- 
ference is paid to their attainments, as 


* Our diligence in availing ourselves of 
the interesting contents of all foreign jour- 
nals has long been experienced by our 
readers, and we were lately led to employ 
a person to translate some articles from the 
Mines of the East, when to our astonish- 
ment, he dishonestly sold them to a mock 
magazine, the editor of which is as unable 
to suggest an original idea or new source 
of information, as he is, or ever was to 
affix a title to his works without parodying 
from others. The articles in question, 
were, however, set forth as a most impor- 
tant literary discovery of this imitator, and 
the Mines of the East, so well known to 
the literati of Europe, were announced as 
a discovery of singular importance, al- 
though during the last ten years, we have 
from time to time enriched our pages from 
their contents. 


m 


1822.] 


in Europe to the gentlemanly manners 
and superior abilities of privileged 
juris-consults. This observation will 
derive strength from the instances and 
detailed particulars annexed, which 
claim attention, and are entitled to the 
fullest examination. 

Entering on their diurnal career in 
the courts, pipes, tea. and coffee are 
brought them by the clerks, and all 
the papers they may want are fetched 
from the repositories. All who hold 
situations in the colleges, except the 
judges, who arrive after dinner, dine at 
the college house, between the hours of 
ten and eleven in the morning. The 
table expences are defrayed from the 
fund Jun-fei. On the pretext of 
making the officers industrious in the 
performance of their duty, terms are 
fixed for the performance of every busi- 
ness with which they may be charged. 

When, for example, a question is re- 
ferred to the tribuuals or colleges, by a 
special order of the emperor, for their 
consideration and determination, their 
report upon if must be made within ten 
days. But if the business is sent from 
other colleges or tribunals, the time 
allowed is twenty days; after which, if 
necessary, they report to the emperor. 
In matters of importance, concerning 
the finances, er on any points which 
require long investigation, and cannot 
be terminated in the appointed time, 
the true cause of the delay must be re- 
ported at an early period. 

If a magistrate is charged with any 
business in the provinces, from three 
to seven months time is allowed him, 
according to circumstances ; but should 
this prove insufficient, the governors or 
vice-governors must transmit to the 
emperor a report of the cause of delay, 
and requesting additional time to finish 
the matter. If the reports and accounts 
to be sent to Pekin are not dispatched 
at the fixed period, they are demanded, 
and if the answer is still delayed, the 
magistrates in faut are fined by a de- 
duction of salary at certain rates. For 
one month, they lose two months’ sa- 
lary, for two moths, six, for three 
months, nine, and for four or five 
months, the salary for a whole year. 
If they still continue to neglect their 
duty, they are degraded, and if they 
allow two years to pass, they forfeit all 
claim to their dignity. In the same 
manner, the officers in Pekin are 
punished, if they neglect laying before 
the emperor such matters as are to be 
referred to him at a fixed time. 


Courts of Justice in China. 


219 


If any one desires to resign his office, 
he must give, in his petition, a detailed 
explanation of the causes, accompanied 
by vouchers from his superiors, as to 
the truth of the statements. But if he 
wishes to exchange his place or situa- 
tion, this can only be obtained by ballot. 
If by this means, no place suilable oc- 
curs, he receives his dismissal, and 
must wait till the next month for any 
other appointment that may be con- 
signed to him by ballot. 

All the chief commanders of pro- 
vinces are’to repair to Pekin once every 
three years, and present themselves 
before the emperor, when thei con- 
duct is investigated by the tribunal of 
mandarins and college of justice, and 
reported to the monarch. The gover- 
nors are then introduced tothe emperor, 
and certain salutary rules are read to 
them in his name, of which they receive 
copies. If in the investigation they are 
found blameless, they are rewarded ac- 
cording to their merits ; otherwise they 
are punished. 

The Chinese laws are, no doubt, ex- 
cellent, and well adapted to the coun- 
try; but in the courts they are as liable 
to be perverted 2s in other countries, 
and generally the rich and powerful 
obtain the ends of justice, versus, the 
humble and poor. There are, however, 
persous appointed to keep a vigilant 
eye upon such abuses. but they gene- 
rally act in concert with the judges, and 
seldom perform their office with inte- 
grity, unless when at variance with 
them, or combining tooverthrow them. 
That government feels the necessity of 
keeping such a rigid controul over the 
magistrates, is shewn by the fact, tha 
a censor is not punished, even though 
his accusation against a venal judge 
should prove unfounded. 

No law-suits are more rare in China 
than such as concern debts; both par- 
ties knowing that in a legal process 
above one half of the sum at stake will 
be expended in court. If any one is 
commencing a law-suit of imporiance. 
the party invites to his house the clerks 
of the court and other officers, and lays 
his case before them. If they find that 
there is a chance for him (right or 
wrong) to gain it, they inform their 
superiors, who fix the sum which the 
plaintiff is to pay. They undertake 
then te insure his cause, and they in- 
variably fulfil their promise, for fear 
of losing future confidence. But if the 
plaintiff, without any such preparation, 
presents his suit to the court, they will 

take 


220° 
take the part of the defendant, and 
settle with him what the plaintiff 
ought te have settled. For this rea- 
son the Chinese never enter on a law- 
suit unless they are sure of gaining 
it; that is, they must either have so 
many witnesses that the cause cannot 
be perverted, or must have secured. the 
support of the court itself, by presents. 
VERSES by MIRSA MOHAMMED, Secre- 

tary to the Persian Legation, on the 

DEATH of the PRINCESS CLEMEN- 

TINE of METTERNICH. 

Oh! thou cedar of beauty, elate with 
mental dignity, and of gentle mien; 
why, like a star of richly blended fire, 
hast thou departed ? 

Behold ! thou hast departed to regions 
bright with celestial beams. Thou 
didst depart, and hast left us behind in 

rief. 
7 Accomplished Clementina, we hail 
thy merits with melodious homage— 
we blazon thy memory with affection’s 
fire, for still thy spirit charmed us. 

In Paradise thou wilt dwell; on 
Eden's lotos thou wilt feed: thou hast 
departed from this place of dust ; a sin- 
cere offering this, to a name so entitled 
to praise. 

Roses are changed to thorns. since 
thou. Clementina, no more spreadest 
thy, heanties to view; since thou hast 
taught us to weep for thee, sunk in the 
sleep of death. - 

On the SPRING, by WASSAF. 

With half-closed eyes the Narvis- 
sus, brief progeny of earth, stands 
slumbering with a stooping neck and a 
submissive nod. 

Like the slumbering youth Ane 
mones of the field, rioting in a thou- 
sand beauties, are maidens with swell- 
ing bosoms, clothed in the robes which 
the saffron dyed. 

With fixed gaze descry yon scene 
of Lilies; they stand assembled in the 
vallies; nurses they are, and pregnant 
too. 

Then turn to yonder Larkspurs, and 
view their majestic forms, sitting on 
hassebeahs as awful guards of the bor- 

er. 

When light shines from ihe top of 
the head, the crowns sparkle in our 
eyes. 

Willows have a certain degree of im- 
portance ; in the distance, they stretch 
out their rods, as fingers ; fingers which 
want joints to Lend them among the 
flowers of the field. 

Luminous phenomena are produced 
from several, and thy fancy wil) paint 


The Oriental Gleaner...No. F. 


[April ¥, 


lanterns which brighten in the night, 

but they want the power of burners. 

Intoxicated’ by the ether wine of the 

clouds, they stagger as the drunken’ 

mab, happy from intoxication. 

Camoiniles, too, are deserving of no- 
tice; they form a gratifying scene, and _ 
shew their teeth, in lovely smiles; 
while on the edge of the Rose sparkles 
the drop of dew. 

Verses of ALGUKAAN, Emperor of the 
Moguls, on the death of HERGANA. 
Still the fields with thy breath are 

perfumed; of thy delicate colour jessa- 

mine is tinged, and bears many flowing 
traces. 

I feel a realizing anxiety to sce thee 
again, which keeps me alive ; yet, alas ! 
who knows whether and when this 
will be? 

On the same, by W ASSAF. 

The bright moon ceasedto shed her 
light, concealed in the cloud; and the 
drooping cypress lies in the dust of the 
ponderous grave. 

No longer the curled hyacinth’s richly 
tufted hairs present heauties peculiarly 
conspicuous ; 

Confused in the stormy day of death, 
alas! she whose body a rose-leaf would 
have burdened, now sustains the great 
load of the grave-hill, alas! 

Complaint of WASSAF, on the Death of 

the Princess 1BISCKH ATABEG. 

For years in the garden will the my- 
robalan weep; solitary I stand, since 
the gardener has fled ; 

I view the scene, but with no sensa- 
tions of pleasure. 

Many mornings and evenings will 
the wailing bard utter his griefs on the 
mountains, and among the flowers; in 
plains no longer beantiful. 

With many roses and rich, flowers, 
wiil the East decorate the meadows, 
before he draw from the dust, or can 
procure in his forests, such a rese, such 
flowers as resemble her. 

Many waves the stream rolls down 
as tears, and on the branches sighs the 
nightingale, in plaintive strains. 

Thou who didst rival the new leaves, 
in beauty and sofiness, hast fled to the 
dust, as fly before us the winds. 

While but enjoying the bright pre- 
sages of felicity, thou hast sunk too 
early in the grave. 

Ah! where art thou now, when na- 
ture is forming her gayest ornaments, 
when the shrubs are covering with 
blossoms ; when the heavens are show- 
eving their gifts on us, and the breath 
of the wind scatters amber perfumes ; 

when 


1822.] 


when pinks, exquisitely red, sparkle 
like wine, and tulips like cups, and the 
mouth of the stained bud drinks a juice 
expressed from the clouds. 

Happy the deserving person who 
gives, therein richer than he who re- 
ceives; happy who: enjoys his sweet 
meals, in a splendid dress or in meaner 
apparel. 

But not so he who is left alone, to 
labour in vain, while his companions 
go to gain the sweet reward of their 
labours. 

O, sensible man, parley with thy rea- 
son, and know that the world is vanity. 

Shall its trivial vanities give an in- 
sinuating interest to thy sensibilities ? 

Whether we expect much or little of 
the world, its whole existence, in its 
weightiest circumstances, lasts but 
while one drinks. 

Take the world as a glass, and us 
men as drinkers; with the cheerful 
glass spend in pleasure thy time; it 

_will accord with knowledge, with phi- 
lusophy, and morality. 

Spend, and give, when moved to 
sympathy, and let nothing further con- 
cern thee; that the Creator may take 
pleasure in the ebullitions of thy sensi- 
bility, and delight in thee. 

Are people obliged, continually, to 
depend on,and are they subject to thee ? 

Assist where thou canst assist, if 
thou wouldst expect kindness from the 
Celestial Being. 

VERSES from the ARABIC. 

Science, sweet science! and virtue. 
which ennobles the character, nought 
avail even he whohas them, though he 
charms, an] enchants with their beau- 
ties, to nought will tarn. 

Lockman became the prey of death ; 
he and his son are mute in the dust. 

© world! death will make an impor- 
tant distinction and separation between 
thee and us. 
~ Death is the place of return, the long 
home for man. 

Wealth and dominion, value in the 
estimation of others$ useful and judi- 
cious industry avail not. 

Death treats all men as his enemies ; 
he forms his attacks, and as, by the 
rights of war, victims stained with blood 
are sacrificed: yet death falls more 
painfully ou youth. 

The sun, which had risen red with 
pleasure, sinks in the west; and the 
myrtle branch lies,weighed down by the 
storm. 

Locks that sceuted like amber, de- 
prived of the vitality which enveloped 
them, are dipped in the dust. 


Observations on Junius. 


221 


The young branch, saturated with 
juice, and fully prepared for growth, 
is broken off. Green leaves are spated. 

To honour our lost darling, we salute 
heaven with sighs: Lord have merey! 
We spread the mausoleum, and rear 
monuments of grief to the varied vir- 
tues of her whom we deplore. 

We weep our lost friend, and lament 
the sweet queen of charms, whose pe- 
netrating glance pierced to tie soul ; 

The fair who graced, improved each 
earthly scene ; banished from our sight, 
she has taken away our peace, 

TURKISH EPITAPH. 

Ah! my daughter, whose early radi- 
ance I joyed in, I fondly greeted with 
praise ; 

No more in mortal shape, thou art 
fled to Paradise. 

I own thy merits, which belong to 
high Heaven; to thy mother and me, 
the pain of separation is left. 

———_ 
To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. 
SIR, 
HEN I was lately reading Wood- 
fall’s edition of Junius’ Letters, 
the writer, I observed, in a private 
letter says “ there are those about me 
who wonld rather see Junius impro- 
perly in print than not at all;’’ this 
shows at once “ that he was not the 
keeper of his own secret,” as he as- 
serted. The expression “ we soldiers” 
was likewise meant to deceive the pub- 
lic. His compliment to the great ora- 
tor shews his knowledge of him when 
only a youth, “ Charles Fox is yet but 
in blossom.” The defaulter of unac- 
counted millions passes unnoticed by 
Junius. I, therefore, say that Junius 
was afriend of Lord Holland, and that 
friend the Rev. Dr. Francis, father of 
Sir Phillip Francis, and translator of 
Demosthenes and Horace. He was 
chaplain to Lord Holland and the Earl 
of Chesterfield. The preface to Demos- 
thenes shows he was as great an admirer 
of civil liberty as the great orator; and 
in his preface to Horace of twenty-two 
pages there are as bold assertions and 
rounded periods as any in Junius: all 
the writers say he was an Lrishman—so 
was Dr. Francis. The last note of Ju- 
nins to Woodfall was dated in January, 
1773, and Dr. Francis died in March 
next, in Bath. Junius was anxious 
that Mr. Garrick should not see his 
hand-writing, as Mr. G. knew it well, 
having brought out his tragedy of Eu- 
genia at Drury Lane Theatre. 
A. O. M. © 
To 


222 


To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. 
SIR. 
CONSIDER the Vocal Library by 
far the best compilation of songs 
and ballads in the English language, 
as it contains in a small volume almost 
all that is excellent in that species of 
poetry, without any admixture of those 
pieces that would be detrimental to re- 
ligion and good morals. The motto 
prefixed is a saying of the late Mr. 
Sheridan, who declared he would rather 
have written Glover's Song of Hosier’s 
Ghost than the Annals of Tacitus. 
You will not, I hope, charge me with 
pedantry for suspecting that that emi- 
nent dramatist and orator had never 
read or at least never relished the great 
historian of antiquity, whose masterly 
delineation of men and maaners, and 
lowing description of passing events, 
justly place him at the head of all the 
Latin classics: the comparison had 
been more appropriate if applied to the 
Leonidas of the same author, a poem 
of great merit, but now hastening fast 
into oblivion; Hosier’s Ghost will, 
however, probably, render the name of 
Glover coeyal with the English lan- 
guage, a boast of no mean estimation to 
those who pant after fame. 

It would seem then that it is not the 
higher or lower degree of poetical aim 
that ought to guide our judgment in 
estimating talents and merit, but the 
intrinsic worth and excellence of the 
production itseif. Our modern bards 
would do well to consider this, for I 
think I can venture to assure them that 
fifty years hence not one of them will 
be remembered, unless they can bring 
better claims to immortality than any 
they have put forth. The cumber- 
some ponderosity of Wordsworth, and 
the unvarying mediocrity of Southey, 
Wilson, &c. will soon consign them to 
the shop of the huckster “ vendentem 
thus et cdores’’ if they do not hit upon 
something that will float so large a 
mass ; not that I would by any means 
infer that they are capable of much 
better things. For it seems impossible 
to suppose that every age will not pro- 
duce writers of equal merit with those 
above-mentioned, and personal know- 
ledge, present fashion, and the taste- 
less search after novelty so much fos- 
tered by book clubs, constitute their 
principal if net sole attractions. 

It is not a lifile curious to consider 
how many writers and composers owe 
their immortality to what during life 
they regarded as poetical trifles: the 


On National Song. 


| April 1, 


days of the late Scotch Episcopalian 
Skinner were spent in laborious theo- 
logical study, and he published three 
volumes of lucubrations, which it is 
impossible to wade through: but a few 
excellent songs, such as Tullochgorum, 
John of Badenyon, &c. subjoined to 
these heavy tomes, will be sufficient to 
transmit his memory to after ages. 
Nor is this sort of immortality like 
that of the horses of Achilles, voz et 
preterea nihil, to be despised : it is well 
known how curious Burns was in the 
investigation of the authors of Scotch 
ballads, who have by their efforts in 
that species of poetry done so much ho- 
nour to their country, and contributed 
so largely to one of the main sources of 
harmiess pleasure. The passion of 
love has never been treated with such 
genuine feeling, nature, and simplicity 
as in the pastoral songs of this country, 
witness the Gentle Shepherd of Ram- 
say, the ballads of Ferguson, Gall, and 
above all the inimitable Burns, whom 
Lord Byron, the first poetical genius of 
his day, places in the first rank of his 
order. 

It is also remarkable that Petrarch 
laboured his Latin compositions with 
the utmost care, all of which are for- 
gotten, while his sonnets continue to 
be read with admiration and delight. 
Mallet’s Eurydice has perhaps never 
been seen by any one born within the 
last thirty years, while Margaret’s 
Ghost has thrilled every heart of taste 
and feeling ; and J cannot but regard the 
Despairing Shepherd of Rowe as a finer 
effort of genius than the Fair Penitent 
itself. The Dialogue of Horace and Ly- 
dia, of which Joseph Sealiger (the only 
critic to whom Bentley applies the epi- 
thet of “ great,’’) has, in the enthusiasm 
of his admiration, said he would rather 
have been the author than king of Ar- 
ragon, is merely a ballad ; which has, 
however, exercised the skill and de- 
fied the talent of every translator in all 
the modern languages; Mrs. Brooke’s 
song in Rossina, ‘ I’ve kissed and I’ve 
prattled with fifty fair maids,” is 
thought to come the nearest to it. It 
is, however, endless to multiply in- 
stances of this sort; all I would infer 
is, that more talent is required for this 
species of composition than is com- 
monly imagined. It is, indeed, mere 
pedantry to prefer a dulland ponderous 
epic to an exquisite light production ; 
and to talk of “ the sublime imagina- 
tion of Wordsworth,”’ a phrase,thatec- 
curs among the gossip of ‘+ Peter’s:-Let- 

ters.”* 


1822, ] 


ters,” can only be the result of ignorance 
and prejudice. ‘The “* Vocal Library’’ 
contains in its small compass very 
many gems of imperishable duration ; 
and however low it may be thé fashion 
with some to rate these productions, it 
has always struck me that the superla- 
tive arrogance ofa writer in the Hdin- 
burgh Review, in styling Shenstone an 
“ inconsiderable author,’ can injure 
nobody but himself; for if he disdain 
poetry, it may safely be asserted that 
the Latin prose inscription to the me- 
mory of Maria Dolman shews far more 
genius than the elaborate article where 
the observation occurs. 
Musis AMICUS. 
— 

To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. 

SIR, 

HE mention of the legend em- 

ployed in the Rapt de Seduction 
of Miss Loveday, led me to peruse the 
story of the MrRACULOUS Host, late- 
ly published. The statement of the 
iniracles, and account of the saints, 
which accompany the legend, are cer- 
tainly very striking; and 1 should 
have been of cpinion, had not facts 
contradicted, that they were too glaring 
in absurdity, to have been for a mo- 
meut seriously regarded by any Eng- 
lish person, of even very low attain- 
ments and contracted capacity, existing 
in the nineteenth century. 

I have read different accounts of 
miracles performed by the saints of the 
papist Calendar; and some of them 
have had so much absurdity in con- 
nexion, that even other saints have 
expressed a doubt of their authenticity ; 
as for instance in this of St. Antony, 
(from his life by St. Athanasius) : 
“This holy man was attacked by a 
numerous company of devils, who 
transformed themselves into the shapes 
of all sorts of beasts; lions, bears, 
leopards, wolves, bulls, serpents, scor- 
pions, vipers, &c. each moving and 
acting in propria persona agreeably to 
the characters they represented; so 
that Antony was by them most griev- 
ously tortured and mangled, But on 
Antony looking upward, a beam of 
light shot down upon him, which struck 
the devils speechless, (we were not here 
told that lions, bears, &c. spoke to him) : 
and removed all his pain. That trial 
rendered him capable of knowing per- 
sons’ thoughts and intentions, though 
several leagues distant; of curing dis- 
eaxes, casting out devils,” aud of act- 
ing so preposterously, that St. Augus- 


Extracts from the Story of the Miraculous Host. 


223 


tin, (lib. viii. confess. cap. vi.) says, 
himself and Alipius “ were astonished 
to hear such marvellous things, so fresh 
in memory, and which happened al- 
most in our own times.”’ St. Jerome 
tells us, that as this same St. Antony 
was travelling through the deserts of 
Egypt he met a Centaur, from whom 
he demanded the right way to the resi- 
dence of Paul, the hermit he sought ; 
at the same time arming himself with 
the sign of the cross; on which the 
Centaur very civilly pointed his right 
hand towards the place. St. Antony 
soon after met a Satyr, (there fully 
described,) who in token of peace of- 
fered him some fruit of the palm tree ; 
and being asked by Antony what he 
was, answered, he was one of the in- 
habitants of the desert, worshipped by 
the deluded Gentiles ; but was the de- 
puted ambassador to entreat. Antony’s 
intercession in their behaif with their 
common Lord and Master. 

Gregory Nyssen telis that “ his 
namesake, the wonder-worker, on a 
journey slept one night in a temple 
famed for an oracle and divination, 
where the demons were frequently 
visible to the priests; but the holy 
father, by invoking the name of Jesus, 
put them all to flight, and by making 
the sign of the cross purified the air, 
polluted by the steam of their sacrifices. 
Next morning, the priest attempting 
his usual incantations, the devils ap- 
peared, and told him, that a stranger, 
who had been there in the night, had 
driven them out, and they could not 
re-enter to assist the priest. The latter 
in great wrath, (tbe characteristic fof 
many priests,) followed Gregory, and 
on overtaking him, threatened him 
with the most terrible vengeance. 
Gregory. despising his threats, inform- 
ed him that he possessed a power supe- 
rior to that of devils, whom he could 
drive whither he pleased. The amazed 
priest then begged the proof of his 
power, by his fetching them back again 
into the temple; and the kind father 
obliged the priest, and wrote this billet 
—Gregory to Satan, enter!!!—The 
priest returned, laid the note on the 
altar, and immediately the devils re- 
turned to their old seats. 

Spyridon, bishop ef Cyprus, is men- 
tioned as performing miracles, (by 
Sozomen, lib. i. ec. xi. and Socrates 
Scholast. lib. i. c. xii.) in these in- 
stances: —‘* A certain person having 
deposited something very valuable with 
Irene, this bishop’s daughter, for wee 

rity 


224 


rity se hid it under the ground, but 
soon after died without mentioning the 
place of concealment. The depositor 
demanding his property, Spyridon in 
vain searched the bouse for it ; whereon 
he went to the grave of his daughter, 
and in a loud voice demanded where 
she had deposited her trust ; she imme- 
diately informed him where it lay hid- 
den, and he on returning to his house, 
found it as she had said, and restored 
it to the owner.”? This same Spyridon 
gave part of his yearly produce to the 
poor, and lent to others without taking 
interest. When a person came to bou- 
row, he shewed him the store-house, 
and bid him supply his wants; and 
when a borrower returned his loan, he 
desired him to take it whence he had 
it. A man coming ove day pretend- 
ing to return his loan, Spyridon. bid 
him place it in the store-bouse; but 
the person, insfead of so doing, carried 
it back with him. Awhile after, the 
same person caine again to borrow some 
corn; and was told, as usual, by the 
bishop, to go and take what he needed ; 
he went accordingly, but could not see 
any, on which he came and informed 
the bishop. The holy man said, how 
is it that you only of all persons find 
the store-house empty? Reflect with 
yourself whether you have not neg- 
lected to restore what you borrowed; 
and have faith that if you had not 
failed, this would not have been, and 
you will find what you want. The 
man was astonished at the bishop 
knowing his deception, and solicited 
pardon. 

Evagrius mentions this miracle 
of Zosimus (lib. iv. c. vii.) “ This 
holy man going to Cesarea, with his 
baggage on an ass, was met by a lion, 
which seized the ass, and devoured 
him in a forest, whither Zosimus fol- 
lowed, and expostulated with the lion, 
that as the saint was neither sufficiently 
young nor strong to bear his baggage, 
the lion should foratime become tract- 
able, aud carry it for him. On this 
the lion fawned on him, allowed the 
baggage to be placed on his back, and 
accompanied Zosimus to the gates of 
Cesarea.”’ 

The same writer tells (ce. xxxvi.) 
that when Epiphanius was bishop of 
Constantinople, the custom had long 
been, when much bread remained after 
serving the communicants, to send 
for some of the children from the 
schools to eat it. Among these boys 
there was ‘one whose father was a Jew, 


Extracts from the Story of the Miraculous Host. — {Aprikd, 


a maker of glass; and he going home 
one day later than usual, was asked by 
his father what had detained him.. The 
boy said he had been at church with 
the other children, and had been eating 
some bread. he father conjecturing 
what it was, in a violent rage instantly 
threw his son into the furnace of melt- 
ed glass. The boy’s mother not finding 
him, sought him in the streets, which 
resounded with her lamentations: 
but after three days, as she was bewail- 
ing her son nigh the door of the glass- 
house, she heard him address her from 
within: and forcing her way, she found 
him standing upright in the midst of 
the furnace, altogether uninjured by 
the fire, and the melted glass. She 
then inquired of him, how he had been 
preserved in the flames, and he said, he 
had been several times visited by a 
lady dressed in purple robes, who ex- 
tinguished the fire, and gave him food.” 

Along with the legend of the Mira- 
culous Host. is also published an ae- 
count of St. Catharine of Sienna, whose 
name I find mentioned as a companion 
of St. Mary Magdalene, of Pazzi, in 
her life, (edit. Paris, 1670) and whe 
appears to be very little, if any, infe- 
rior to St. Catharine. | 1 submita few 
instances to your notice. The writer 
says: ** Soon after she became a nun, 
in her seventeenth year, she was on 
the ground in an eestacy, out of which 
being recovered, after many discourses 
most highly spiritual, she untied her 
shoes and stockings before all the nuns, 
and threw them on the ground, and 
with great fierceness ran into hercham- 
ber, and got up all the furniture, ex- 
cept a crucifix, two boards to lie upon, 
with a coverlet and pillow; she then 
put on the oldest and worst habit in 
the convent, and went into the church 
and sang aloud, Te Dewn Laudamus. A 
year afterwards there was represented 
to her a horrible and dreadful place, full 
of devils of monstrous shapes. For five 
years she was abandoned to the fury of 
those infernal monsters, and suffered 
the most extreme agonies and pains. 
Five furious devils attacked her; the 
first tempted her with blasphemy and 
infidelity ; the second with pride and 
presumption ; the third with gluttony ; 
the fourth with lasciviousness; ‘and 
the fifth with despair. Sometimes she 
continued whole weeks without any 
other nourishment than that received 
from the holy eucharist. She girt her- 
self with a large girdle, pointed vith 
sharp iron ; she used sharp whips,with 


1822 | 


chains of iron, even to effusion of blood. 
Once when assaulted by the devil As- 
modes, she rolled herself, all naked, 
upon faggots of thorn. At the end of 
the five years, she got out of this gulf, 
and then her divine husband (Jesus 
Christ) gave her his own heart in the 
preseuce of St. Angel, a martyr of her 
order, and of St. Catharine, of Sienna. 
He alsa placed a crown of thorns upon 
her head, and imprinted~ the sacred 
stigmati (or wounds) on her feet, hands, 
and side. 

In another ecstacy, of twenty-six 
hours continuance, she felt in her body 
a lively image of all our Saviour’s pas- 
sion, imitating it, as if she had follow- 
ed him step by step. She seemed first 
to enter into the garden of Olives, 
where she felt the agonies of his death- 
like sorrow, and bloody sweat ; thence, 
as if loaded with irons, and bound with 
cords, she passed through the cloisters, 
as he passed through the streets of Je- 
rusalem. She was tied to a pillar and 
eruelly whipped, crowned with thorns, 
shewn to the people, and then loaded 
with a cross; and thus going to the 
oratory, and there lying down with 
her back on the ground, she stretched 
out her hands and feet to be nailed to 
the cross; and half an hour after, rais- 
ing herself (ail stiff as she was) upon 
her feet, without bending arms or legs, 
and throwing herself against the wall, 
she distinctly pronounced the seven 
words uttered by Jesus on the cross. 
Tm fine, pronouncing the words—hav- 
ing bowed his head he gave up the 
ghost—she was about to fall with great 
impetuosity to the ground; but the 
nuns present received her in their arms. 
Upon coming out of this ecstacy, she 
appeared beautiful as an angel of Hea- 
ven, aud seemed to participate of the 
resurrection of her Saviour, as well as 
of his cross. She had also good share 
of the lights of his glory, and of the 
splendours of his eternal generation. 
Three nights snecessively she was ad- 
mitied to the cabinet of the most holy 
trinity, and saw things which may be 
tasted by the favour of the gift of wis- 
dom, but cannot be explained by words. 
In the year 1592, she had private and 
familiar entertainment with the first 
person of the most holy Trinity. All 
these graces and diyine communications 
kindied in her breast the fire of love, 
so ardent and vigourous, that she often- 
times cried out “O love, I can no 
Jouger support thy flames! O love, re- 

MONTHLY MAG. No. 366, 


Management of Apple Trees. 


225 


enter Into thyself, my heart is not able 
to contain and support thee.” And it 
was needful that she fetched a basin of 
cold water to put her arms in, and to 
pour it upon her breast, in order to 
cool heryself.”’ 

Now, one of two things is certain: 
the writers of these statements, either 
believed these miraculous stories or 
disbelieved them. If they believed 
them, must we not regard them as some 
of the most credulous and pusillani- 
mous men that have ever existed: and 
if they disbelieved them, yet reported 
them as facts, the appellation they de- 
serve presents ifself to every reader. 
Hence Mosheim and Dr. Middleton 
express their opinions, that they were 
biassed by a false zeal or interest, to 
propagate a known lic. (Inquiry, p. 130.) 

What ailed these noted creatures is 
sufficiently apparent; their miserable 
condition is one of the blessed effects 
of confining poor girls in convents. 
However, it will not be disputed, that 
when persons are educated to teach, 
and others to believe, profess, and by 
every possible means, propagate a non~ 
sensical, fanatical, deceitful and perse- 
cuting religion, they cannot be more 
effectually prepared, than by reading 
the romantic lives and lying legends 
of these saints, with much devotion, 
believing the absurdities and miracles 
pretended to be wrought by them. 


le ° 


—a—— 
To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. 
SIR, 
A S your useful pages admit facts in 
preference to falsehoods, I beg to 
submit an useful one in reference to 
apple trees. 

Your correspondents, H. S. Mitchell 
and S. W. are respectfully informed 
thata gentleman at Littlebury, in Essex, 
having in his orchard many old sup- 
posed worn-out apple trees, which pro- 
duced fruit scarcely larger than a wall- 
nut, he last winter took fresh made 
lime from the kiln, slaked it with 
water, and well dressed them with a 
brush, and theresult was, that theinsects 
and moss were completely destroyed, 
the outer rind fell off, and a new 
smooth, clear. healthy one formed, and 
the trees, although some twenty years 
old, have now a most healthy appear- 
ance. 

The gentleman who has favoured me 
with this fact, has dressed many of his 
old moss-eaten trees in his orchard at 

2F Granchester, 


226 


Granchester, near this town, this sea- 
son, being satisfied with the beneficial 
effects that will arise from it. 


Cambridge, N. JUSTITIA. 
March 9, 1822. 
——g>—— 


LYCEUM OF ANTIENT LITERA- 
TURE.—No,. XXXV. 
MUSAUS. 

N treating of the amatory poetry of 

antiquity, it would be palpable in- 
justice to omit the name of this writer, 
who, though he has not, like the cele- 
brated elegiac trio of the Augustan age, 
made his own loves the theme of lis 
lay, has devoted the principal effort of 
his muse to perpetuating the celebrity 
of one of the most striking examples 
of the tender passion that tradition has 
handed down to us. The Loves of 
Hero and Leander, which form the 
subject of the ouly poem of this author 
which has reached to our time, contain 
the story of an attachment so tender 
and fervent in its nature, so romantic 
in its commencement, so singular in its 
progress, and so melancholy in its con- 


clusion, that the “ plain unvarnished | 


tale,’’ the simple detail of the circum- 
stances could not fail to be greatly in- 
teresting and affecting. But, embel- 
lished as these are in the strains of 
Muszeus, with all the graces of diction, 
and all the warmth of poetical imagery 
and feeling, his production may, in- 
deed, be regarded as a pathetic narra- 
tive, superior to any other, eifher an- 
cient or modern, of the same kind, and 
as constituting one of the brighiest 
gems in the immortal crown of poesy. 
The story on which this poem is 
founded is so well known, that even to 
give an outline of it appears almost 
superfluous, Leander was a_ noble 
youth of Abydos, a city of Asia, 
situated at the very narrowest part of the 
Hellespont, and on which the muse of 
Byron, in onr own day, has conferred 
an additional celebrity to that which it 
had already obtained. Opposite to 
this city, in Thrace, on the European 
side of the strait, stood Sesios,* where 
was.a celebrated temple of Venus, of 
which Hero, a virgin of exquisite 
beauty, was priestess. At a solemn 
festival, in honour of the goddess, in 


' * It-was across this part of the Helles- 

pont, from Abydos to Sestos, that Xerxes 
built his famous bridge of boats, for trans- 
porting his army, in his invasion of 
Greece. 


Lyceum of Ancient Literature.—No. XXXVP. 


[April 1, 


which Hero, in the discharge of her 
sacred functions, presided, Leander, 
who was present at the ceremony, saw 
and became desperately enamoured 
of her. His passion was returned with 
equal warmth by the object of it; and, 
in order to evade the vigilance of their 
families, from whom the lovers had rea- 
son to anticipate opposition to their 
wishes, it was arranged between them 
that Leander should swim across the 
Hellespont. while his mistress in Sestos 
directed his course by means of a 
light on the top of a high tower. After 
many interviews of mutual affection 
and tenderness, Leander, in attempt- 
ing his accustomed voyage on a very 
tempestuous night, perished. His dead 
bedy floated to the foot of the watch 
tower, and Hero, in despair at the sight 
of the corpse, threw herself from the 
summit into the sea, and was drowned. 

Such is the traditional history, exag- 
gerated in its circumstances it will 
readily be supposed, but probably not 
without foundation, of this ill-fated 
pair. Virgil has alluded to it in his , 
Georgics,* and Ovid has made it the 
subject of two elegies.t The poem of 
Muszeus, however, is the only one we 
have, containing afull and circumstan- 
tial account of their unhappy attach- 
ment. Being, as we have already re- 
marked, the sole production of this 
author extant, his poetical merits and 
reputation depend wholly upon it, and 
these may, perhaps. be best estimated 
from a brief analysis of the poem it- 
self, with observations on what appear 
to us its most striking beauties. 

The writer, judiciously avoiding the 
too common error of raising undue ex- 
pectations by lofty beginnings, sets out 
with professing to celebrate only the 
torch that guided Leander on his perilous 
way, of which he beautifully observes 
that Jupiter should afterwards have 
assigned it a place among the Constel- 
lations, in consideration of its services 
in the cause of love: 

Ady yoy Epuilog crycrjnee, Tay woErey chsrSzo1og Zede 
Ewvyioy pre] ceeSRoy auysty é¢ Sertryupty as pw, 
O1h wire Evvigitos epwprayEwy Gdvyciwyy 
Ayyzriny T epira&ev exospriloy Sprevadwy. 

He then introduces the mention of 
the lover collaterally with much spirit 
and elegance. 

Nay dpeevoy Te, Afceydoov oot, nce AUX yoy axduw, 
AdX yoy amayyérnoyle siexloginy *Apeodl Inc. 


* Geo. 3. v. 258. 
+ Heroid. 17 and 18: 


Even 


1822.] 


Hen now methinks I hear Leander cleave, 

With vig’rous arm, the darkly heaving 
wave 5 

And see the torch, bright beaming from 
above, 

Venus’ glad signal, and the light of love.* 


After describing the situation of the 
cities in which the lovers respectively 
resided, the poet addresses his reader 
in the following strains : 


_ Bd, O fincle xeiSt maprctic, 

Aiko prot Tivee TUpyoy, Omit MOTE Insta “Hew 

“Iscilo AUy yoy Zy ove newb fryspdveve Ascydow. 

Aigo S cepxeccing arin ioe mTropS (4.0V AGL Sau, 

"Ese és Tov xAulovla f4og0y xeuk eowle, AgaySpous 

Thou, if by chance thy footsteps should 
explore 

The paths of that love-consecrated shore, 

Go, seek the tow’r, where Sestian. Hero 
stood 

To guide her lover o’er the swelling flood ; 

Go, seek Abydos’ straits, Leander’s tomb, 

Whose weeping surges yet deplore his 
doom. 

He then goes on to speak of the fes- 
tival of Venus at Sestos, and the crowd 
of congregated youths who flocked to it 
from all parts of Greece aud Asia Mi- 
nor, for the purpose of seeing the nu- 
merous females collected at the solem- 
nity. Hero makes her appearance in 
the temple, and we have the following 
equisite description of her beauty: 

“HS? Seis wie ynov 2rrwy elo rag Siv0g “Hew, 

Magpmouyhy yusleyloc dec ocirlovece mea7WmOU, 

“Oiee Te Aevxomconoe exeuy]?Ahovoe Lenin. 

“Aga 82 ytovéwy Qoviccele ubure Teooy, 

“Qe fadoy ex Hartnui Sidupsy coor. Khaya pains 

“Hebi 2v penicoor fodwy Actuwye deeyiivert. 

Xporhy yep preréwy 2ouTeelyélo. vicoouéng 82 

Kal fade Aevaoy flues Ind oQupe Aapemtlo xsupng. 

Thonrat 8° ex prtréwy Kevpiles ploy Gr dF acedeisat 

Theis yepereeg Petoaylo mepuntven Eig SE erg “Hovis 

*“Optarpnos pera Extloy Xugiteccs TEST ébe 

But now the virgin priestess with her 
train, 

Majestic moves through Venus’ sacred fane. 

Her lovely cheek displays the purest white, 

Like rising Dian’s silvery beams of light ; 

While in the midst a ruby circle glows, 

So mingling colours deck the varied rose. 

He who survey’d her motion might have 
said, 

Her limbs of roses were one beauteous 
bed, } 

Which her white robe butill conceal’dfrom 
view, 

As, from beneath, blush’d deep their roseate 
hue: 


* The want of any tolerabiy executed 
English version of Museeus, has obliged 
the writer of the present article to translate 
himself, the passages he has extracted, to 
the best of his imperfect ability. 


Leander and Hero. 


227 


False were the fables of antiquity, 
That made the number of the Graces three, 
For he that gaz’d on Hero’s face could spy 
A hundred graces laugh in either eye. 
The effect produced upon the youths 
of the assembly by the sight of such su- 
perior attractions, and their various 
exclamationsof surprise and admiration 
are well narrated. The impression, 
however, made upon the mind of Lean- 
der is very different from that ex- 
perienced ‘by the others; and ‘while 
they are content to admire, he instantly 
loves. . At the first view of the beauteous 
priestess, 
Luv Srepdpwy dation, aero muprac tpiIwy, 
Kal xpadin magracey dvinnrou mupac opyaii- 
The light of love beams sparkling from his 
eyes, 
And in his bosom quenchiless flames arise. 
Passion inspires him with confidence ; 
he approaches Hero, finds means to fix 
her attention, and has the gratification 
of perceiving that her looks and ges- 
tures indicate both her knowledge of 
his wishes, and her approbation of them. 
Emboldened by these symptoms, so 
favourable to his hopes, when the day 
begins to decline, and the assembly to 
disperse, he comes behind her, and, 
uttering a sigh, takes hold of her hands 
This freedom she affects to resent, and 
with assumed indignation rebukes his 
presumption in aspiring to the posses- 
sion of a priestess of Venus. Leander 
penetrates through her feigned auger; 
and replies to her repreof by a declara- 
tion of his love, which the poet has 
conceived in a strain of the most iim- 
passioned eloquence. The rhetoric of 
the youth is not lost upon his mistress, 
who imbihes deeply the “ yauximxjy”’ the 
“ bitter sweet” poison of love, as the 
author expresses it. In an altered 
tone she now remonstrates with him 
principally upon the almost invincible 
obstacles to their wishes, the nature of 


‘her functions, the opposition of her 


parents, and more particularly her 
lonely habitation, separated from his 
place of residence by the intervening 
sea. To these objections the lover 
answers with the fervour of ardent 
affection. 

Vep Sve, cov 8b Epwlee nat eyciov Oxdprce rewpsire, 
"Es mph meopraCotlo, xees amAooy ExTeTees Loup” 

“Ou rpoprtw Sear) yet pres ren prereavetpLevos evs 

* ou Frspcov ary nevre Bapuyssu moun Janaoous 
AMA ciel xara youre popiyynivog Dypos anoitnc, 
NiZoprat “ENN omay ray cyceppooy. 

For thy dear sake Plt cross the threat*ning 


£ea, 
Though 


228 


Though lightnings flash, and storms ob- 

: struct my way 5 

Nor fear the swelling wave thy bed to gain, 

Nor the hoarsethunder of the roaring main ; 

But, Hellespontus’ straits by swimming 
cross’d, 

A sea-borne spouse, Ill nightly seek thy 
coast, 

Haying thus announced his inten- 
tions, he requests her to have a light 
burning at the top of the tower to serve 
him as a guide in his perilous enter- 
prise. She promises to do so, and the 
lovers part for the present. Leander’s 
first visit to Hero, the darkness of the 
night, and the gloomy aspect of the 
waves, his appeal for protection to 
Venus, as being herself the goddess of 
love and sprung from the sea, are all 
admirable, but too long for extracting. 
The enamoured youth fearlessly defies 
all danger, plunges into the sea, and, 


Aapropstvou 8 tomevdey dit xelleveeylin AUY YoU 

*Aulig Zwy épérng, duTosdhoc, auto pawTog WIIUS* 

He hastens tow’rds the light by Hero 
shewn, 

The vessel, pilot, rower, all in one. 

He reaches her abode, is received 
with the cordial welcome of affection, 
and obtains the consummation of his 
desires. There is something truly pa- 
thetic and affecting in the poet’s picture 
of their clandestine union. 

“Hy yciproc, ddd ax Sgevtog* eyy AEXog AAA arp 
ULV. 

"Ou Cuyiny fephy cig Emeuphyuncev dorddr 

Ov daidwy noeamte céidas Sarapantoroy 2uyiy 

"oud? morvenceS aio th execniornce yarein, 

"Quy, Hubei dace mere xcs Morice paniTne* 

PAARAG AE OC Sopioace TEAETTLY@{AOICLY ty wperg 

Liyh masay eanSev, tvypoxdpance & deri Any 

Kal yajrog fy dercvev Sey cderdoprévwy Dyreveriwy. 

NDE pxey Evy xéryoure yerpnocdros: ovsimar’ Awe 

Nuprpioy Ede Afcevdgoy eiprynsrors Ev Aéxrparg. 

Such were the nuptials of the youthful 


pair, 

Nor festive choir, nor holy hymn were 
there ; 

No torches o’er the couch diffus’d their 
light, 


Nor poet’s lay proclaim’d the bridal rite ; 

There were no nimble daucers’ sportive 
train, 

Nor parents sune the Hymeneal strain ; 

But silence brooded o’er the marriage bed, 

In love’s congenial hours of darkness spread, 

Night only deck’d their couch ;—by break 
of day, 

He from the well-known spot was far 

away. 

The detail of Leander’s last fatal 
attempt, and his melancholy end, is 
one of the most powerful passages to be 
found in the whole range of poetry. 


Lyceum of Ancient Literature.—No. XX XV. 


[Apu 1, 


The agitation of the tempest-stirred sea 
is depicted with awful minuteness, and 
the fruitless efforts of the unfortunate 
lover to struggle against its violence, 
are described with a touching fidelity. 
The conclusion of the poem is marked 
by that exquisite simplicity which ap- 
pears almost unattainable in modern 
languages, but which constitutes one of 
the greatest charms of ancient poetry. 
Kadd“Hpw rédonne ody crhrvpsbw trepaxoirn 
Addihwy 8 amovavro xc ty TupeaTw Tip OAT pie 
Thus a like fate with his did Hero prove, 
Nor death itself could disunite their love. 

From the concise synopsis of this 
production of Muszeus, which we have 
here submitted to the reader, it will 
soon be perceived how judiciously that 
writer has availed himself of the slen- 
der materials afforded him by tradition, 
with what art he has connected and 
embellished the incidents of the story, 
and how much dramatic interest he has 
found means to impart to it. Some 
idea, too, may be formed from the speci- 
mens here given, of the nature of his 
style, which, in point of purity, may 
be considered faultless, and is charac- 
terised alike by pathos and energy. 
The Ionic dialect predominates through- 
out the poem ; and in the strength and 
harmony of his versification he has been 
pronounced by some of the best judges 
little inferior to Homer. It is much 
to be regretted, that of an author to 
whom we are so much indebted, no- 
thing certain is known, except that he 
flourished in or about the fourth cen- 
tury. The Muszeus of whom Virgil 
makes such honourable mention in his 
Eneid,* where he describes him as at- 
tended in the Elysian fields by a crowd 
of poets, over whom he rises taller by 
the head, is a different person from the 
author of the loves of Hero and Lean- 
der. The former was a son or disciple 
of Linus or Orpheus; he flourished 
more than a thousand years before the 
birth of Christ, and none of his compo- 
sitions have come down to us. 

The poetical reader who delights to 
compare the efforts of kindred genius 
in different ages, will not be displeased 
at our subjoining a specimen of the 
manner in which a great poet of our 
own day has alluded to the pathetic 
story which Musvus selected for the 
subject of his poem. 


The winds are high on Helle’s wave, 
As on that night of stormy water, 


* En. 6. v. 677. 
When 


1822] 


When Love—who zent—forgot to save 
The young, the beautiful, the brave, 

The lonely hope of Sestos’ daughter. 
Oh! when alone along the sky 
Her turret-torch was blazing high, 
Though rising gale, and breaking foam, 
And shrieking sea-birds warn’d him home, 
He could not see, he would not hear 
Or sound or sign foreboding fear. 

His eye but saw that tight of love 

The only star it hail’d above, 

His ear but rang with Hero’s song, 

“Ye wayes divide not lovers long !” 

That tale is old, but love anew 

May nerve young hearts to prove as true.* 


The best editions of Muszeus are 
those of Schroder, Leovard, 1743; and 
of Rover, L. Bat. 1727. There is like- 
wise a very good copy of his text with 
a Latin interpretation among the Poetz 
Minores Grzeci, Cantab. 1671. 


* Byron’s Bride of Abydos, Canto 2. 


Biography of Eminent Persons. 


229 


To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. 
SIR, 
Me has been said respecting 
the consumption of smoke in 
London, but no efficient plan has yet 
been adapted to privateuse. It is well 
known that smoke only requires sufii- 
cient heat and it will combust; for if 
vou let the smoke of coal pass through 
a coke fire placed above, the heat will 
be sufficient to consume it; therefore 
as the present mode of building is to 
make one stack of chimneys suffice for 
a whole dwelling, it perhaps would not 
be any difficult matter to let the smoke 
pass through a coke fire placed in some 
convenient manner at the top; but as 
Iam not very well acquainted with this 
subject, I should feel obliged if you 
would lay it before your correspondents, 
with a hope that some of them will 
take up the idea. H. 


BIOGRAPHY OF EMINENT PERSONS. 


—=>—— 


ACCOUNT of the LIFE of DR. D. TORI” 
BIO NUNEZ, JURIS-CONSULT, DE™ 
PUTY from the PROVINCE of SALA™ 
MANCA to the SPANISH CORTES, the 
Sittings of which commenced March 1, 
1822 ; communicated by himself in a 
LETTER fo JEREMY BENTHAM, Esq. 

My Revered Master, 
CCUPIED successively by po- 
YF jitical affairs, and by the consi- 
deration of the Penal Code submitted 
to our extraordinary Cortes, and lately 
referred to a commission of this literary 
universify, of which commission I am 

a member, I have been unable sooner 

to answer your valuable letter. You 

are, however, assured of my gratitude 
by your correspondent who transmitted 
it tome from Vittoria, and with whom 

I hope to have further intercourse at 

Madrid. In that letter you ask me to 

give you some account of my past life, 

and of the accident which brought me 
acquainted with your works; the 
praises which you bestow upon me are 
due rather to your principles and 
analyses than to the new arrangement 
in which I have presented them in the 
“ Ciencia Social.”* In the concluding 


* A work, intituled Espirito de Ben- 
tham Sistema de la Ciencia Social. [deado 
por el Jurisconsulto Ingles Jeremias Ben- 
tham, y puesto en execution conforme a los 
principios del Autor original, por el Dr. 
D. ToribioNunez, Jurisconsulto Espanol. 
Salamanca: Imprenta Nueva: Por D. 
Bernardo Martin, 1820, 8vo. pages 140. 


- 


part of the letter you relate tome some 
particulars concerning the course of 
yonr studies, aud concerning the uni- 
versities of Oxford and Cambridge, and 
you desire to know what were my 
studies at that of Salamanca. 

Respect and gratitude compel me to 
oblige you in every thing; and the 
pleasure I feel at finding myself in fa- 
miliar conversation with my adored 
master, of whose existence I doubted, 
makes my own satisfaction inseparable 
from the fulfilment of my duty towards 
you. 

7 My early studies at Arevola were 
without doubt more fortunate than 
yours, as you represent them to me. 
At the time when my parents devoted 
me to the study of the Latin tongue 
(by which it is here usual to begin the 
operation of confounding the reason,) 
by a chance very rare among us there 
fell to my lot a tutor who had an accu- 
rate perception of the points of resem- 
blance and those of difference between 
that language and the Spanish, and 
who presented to me his comparisons 
with the greatest assiduity and clear- 
ness. His noble and amiable character 
and deportment inspired me first with 
respect, then with reflection, and lastly 
with confidence; my disposition and 
my application pleased him, and at the 
conclusion of this course of study at the 
age of fourteen, I loved the wisdom of 
Socrates, of Cebes, and of Plato, with 
which, through the medium of the hon 

in 


230 


tin language, he had made me ac- 
quainted. 
enlightened, and beneficent father, and 
I remained at home with a brother 
three years younger than myself, and 
an infirm mother. Jn obedience to the 
. last counsels of my father, 1 came to 
Salamanca, in order to study medicine. 
Chance threw immediately into my 
hands the Logic of Condillac, translated 
into Spanish. This, and a bad trans- 
lation of Telemachus, inspired me with 
a desire of learning French, a task 
which I speedily accomplished. 

At this period I became an inmate of 
the family with which D. Juan Melen- 
dez Valdez had recently connected 
himself by marriage. He was esteemed 
one of the learned men of the nation, 
and restored our poetry to the lustre it 
possessed in the sixteenth century. His 
counsels, his amiable character, aud his 
books impressed me with a taste for 
the belles lettres, and for the moral and 
political sciences. I resisted with diffi- 
culty the enchantments of the former, 
which were cultivated by several 
friends* of my own age, in order that I 
might give to the latter all the attention 
which I thought likely to procure for 
me an honourable and peaceful destiny 
in civil life. The professor or master 
of the university confirmed me in this 
design, and at the termination of my 
career of study at the university, I ob- 
tained a canon’s chair. This was 
snatched from me by the tyranny of 
him who is the favoured author of the 
disasters which have been endured, and 
will for some time longer be endured 
by a nation which he was never worthy 
to govern, 

The injustice with which government 
treated me appeared so intolerable to 
the Duchess of Alba (a name among us 
for beueficence personified,) that she 
confided to me the management of her 
estates and house in Seville. There I 
lived with my family in great comfort 
and happiness. My greatest enjoyments, 
however, were those which I tasted as 
dispenser of the bounties which she 
scattered with liberal hand among her 
vassals. By her premature death (felt 
asa general misfortune throughout the 


* D. Manuel José Quintana, D. José 
Luis Munarriz, D. Francisco Sanchez 
Barbero, and D. Nicasio Alvarez Cienfue- 
gos: the two first are now in office, and 
have distinguished themselves in the gene- 
ral Direction of Education ; the two last 
have been the unfortunate victims of their 
enlightened patriotism. | 


Memoirs of Nunez, the 


At this time I lost a tender,. 


April 1, 


kingdom,) the best pleasures of life I 
thought were terminated for me, and, 
indeed, there were none to which I 
could return with any relish, except 
reading, for which 1 always preserved 
my early inclination. 

The appearance of your works pub- 
lished in the French language at Paris 
coincides with this epoch; but as I had 
retired from Seville with the profits of 
the trade I had carried on there since 
the death of the Duchess, and was liv- 
ing amidst relations and friends in the 
mountains of Castille, I heard nothing 
of them until the passage of the French 
army through Salamanca to Portugal, 
in 1807, when your Principles of Civil 
and Penal Legislation were brought 
among other books for sale. To describe 
to you their effect upon me is impos- 
sible. Suffice it to say, that in spite of 
the inconsistencies which I found in 
them, and which I have always attri- 
buted to your editor, I saw so much 
light that J hailed as a favourable prog- 
nostic for the prosperity of my country 
the perfidy of the monster who, by irri- 
tating our national honour, set in mo- 
tion our enthusiasm. 

The delight I had formerly tasted in 
dispensing benefits gave place to the 
anticipation of that which I should de- 
rive from seeing diffused through my 
country those principles which teach 
the science of governing, and of intro- 
ducing useful reforms without injury 
to actnal rights. In your works I saw 
the causes of the failure and of the evils 
of the French revolution, which had 
excited our youthful attention. I began 
immediately to inform myself of the 
means by which my country might be 
freed from the horrors which afflicted 
it. I found alleasy by the operation of 
your principles, but unfortunately they 
were unknown in Spain. Even now ait 
acquaintance with them is by no means 
general. Yet, notwithstanding our 
inveterate prejudices on the one side, 
and notions ala Frangaise on the other, 
aknowledge of them is extending it- 
self; and among the Deputies elected 
for the next Cortes I am convinced 
there are many initiated in your pre- 
cious mysteries. 1 hope you will not 
find it inconvenient (o transmit to yeur 
disciple, Nunez, the Code which I am 
assured by our amiable friend Bowring 
you have prepared expressly for Spain. 
Do not doubt that the talents you have 
diffused will be of great service to us; 
that the number of your appreciators. 
will be great among the new deputies 4 

an 


1822. | 


and that among them will be found 
many lawyers who revere you, and 
many learned physicians who have 
studied your luminous system. 

The learned no less than honourable 
Agustin Arguelles ranks himself in the 
number of your admirers: so does our 
liberator Riego; who, if he did not al- 
ready enjoy the public esteem by that 
— title, would obtain it now by 
1is pacific and affectionate letter to the 
two Arguelles, in which he submits 
himself to their direction as skilful and 
well-informed guides. You ought, in- 
deed, to have no doubt that we shall all 
contribute to place the science of moral 
and physical man on one and the same 
basis, and that its form will be the 
form of the Social Science. ‘This is the 
science, from the progress of which (as 
you so confidently pronounce,) the 
united powers of tyranny and error 
already foresee their total overthrow. 

I accept the promise of your works, 
and wait with anxiety for its fulfilment. 
Asan acknowledgment, (for it cannot 
be called a recompence) I send you a 
plan of the course of studies for this 
university, which was presented to the 
Cortes of 1814, in which I am much 
interested. 

The amplification of the sketch of 
our literary history, and the prelimi- 
nary discourse to the same project, are 
by me. You will perceive that the 
principles are yours, accommodated to 
the actual state of our knowledge and 
manners: that many of them coincide 
exactly with those of your Chrestoma- 
thia, and that your elements of juris- 
prudence and legislation, are therein 
proposed for the instruction of onr 
youth. You will, in short, see in it 
our ardent desire to substitute for the 
“ enemy of the understanding,” as you 
eall it, the fundamental truths of 
knowledge. 

I send you also, as a fruit of your 
principles, the communication which 
the literary institute of this place has 
lately remitted to the Cortes concerning 
the preliminary title of the code which 
is under discussion, and to which the 
future Cortes will only have to put the 
finishing touch. ‘The existing Cortes 
have not now time to decide upon it, nor 
tocompare it with the civil (Qy. law ?) 
nor with the proceedings or judicial 
digest which the respective commis- 
sioners are now printing ; much less to 
form out of all a connected and uni- 
formly exact whole. 

' Trequest and hope that you will give 


Spanish Patriot, by himself. 231 


me your opinion as well ‘upon thése 
opusculi as upon the volume of your 
works which J have sent you in Spanish, 
and which is called here by some the 
Manual of Deputies to Cortes; we are 
indebted for it to your tactic of poli- 
tical assemblies. 

I hope also that you will undeceive 
yourself from the idea that the advice 
which [I have given the governors of 
my country, enjoins a sacrifice which, 
to use your expression, “no man has 
yet been able to bring himself to make.”* 
I trust you will confess that it is not 
superior to those which my countrymen 
have made and are making every day,: 
in order to secure their liberty and in- 
dependence. 

No: We cannot address to our rulers 
the words of St. Luke, “ Ve vodis 
legisperitis quia tulistis clavem scientie : 
ipsi non introtstis, et eos qui introi- 
bant, prohibistis.’’* e 

No: in the actual discussion of the 
penal code, you will find daily proofs 
that this text canuot be applied to 
them. 

Whenever the civil (code, Qy.) falls 
iuto your hands, with what satisfaction 
will you see the gates of legal know- 
ledge opened by your keys, and the 
clouds which have hidden from our 
view civil rights and obligations dissi- 
pated by your luminous theories. From 
the little I have read of the first part, 
1 should adjudge to the members of 
the commission which has composed it, 
a civic crown, did I not fear that this 
judgment of mine might prevent your 
telling me, (as I beg you willdo) what-. 
ever necessary to its amelioration you 
may think practicable and agreeable to 
our usages, and to our form of govern- 
ment. 

And since, as you assure me, your 
sympathy extends to all the Spanish 
people, I entreat you in their name to 
write to your fortunate disciples, what- 
ever reflections fer our good may have 
occurred to you. 

You confess that in this country 
there are not the same obstacles which 
in yours present themselves to the 
adoption of any means conducive to 
that political equality which is recog- 
nized by our constitutions, nor to the 
triumph of reason and justice which 
is now imperiously demanded by the 
progress of information. 

Luke xi. 52. “Woe unto you lawyers! 
for ye have taken away the key of know-~ 
ledge: ye enter not in yourselves, and 


them that were entering in ye cnoprigtir 
lis 


232 


This confession binds you to contri- 
bute your share to the establishment of 
truth and of law. 

For my studies in this university, I 
refer you to what may be collected from 
my writings, my sevtiments, and my 
zeal for the prosperity of my country, 
which are sufficiently well known. Lf 
will only add, that the period of my 
education there was the same which 
erect many of the young men who 
have since contributed so largely to the 
organization of the government which 
now smiles upon us, and from whose 
character and talents, we may enter- 
tain the best hopes of its prosperity. 

Among the public tutors of that 
epoch, to whom I owed the most, and 
by whom the greater number of the 
young men of reputation in the uni- 
versity were formed, was Dr. D. José 
Domingo Mintegui, a man equally con- 
spicuous for learning and modesty. He 
has in vain endeavoured to retire from 
the situations to which this city has 
called him whenever it has needed a 
man of intelligence and virtue. He 
alone in Salamanca possessed a copy of 
your works, when in the year 1813,dur- 
ing his absence as deputy to the Cortes, 
T made them known in the university. 
Government has lately eppointed him 
to a situation in the general direction 
of education, with the hearty concur- 
rence of your disciples and of all good 
men. 

When the constitution was prescrib- 
ed, J was separated from this university 
and from its library, which had been 
entrusted to me in 1812; as were also 
two other professors,* who did honour 
to it by their works, and by their 
learning, for no other cause than the 
holding of opinions opposed to the new 
direction sought to be given to the 
course of study. 

This reverse, however, we all bore 
with resignation, studying in the school 
of adversity, which alone discovers the 
resources of courage, until the new 
order of political affairs restored us to 
the bosom of our university. I am now 
about to carry to the congress of the 
nation the information I have derived 
from my instructors here and from 
you, the experience of its utility in 
human affairs, and the opinions which 
I have formed from the perusal of all 

our productions. I wish you to un- 
derstand that I refer whatever know- 


* D. Juan Justo Garcia, and D. Mig- 
uel Martel, now deputies in Cortes, 


Memoirs of Nunez, the 


[April 1, 


ledge I have been able to collect from 
books and the study of men, to this lite- 
rary institution, to which I owe the 
cure of the cataracts with which upon 
our eyes we all come into the world ; un- 
til at length, the light of your principles 
broke upon the obscure path, which 
conducted me in my enquiry into the 
origin of our moral ideas, and in my 
search for that touch-stone of them, 
for which this same institution has al- 
ways been celebrated. You may per- 
ceive by the dates to which I refer, that 
Iam not so young as you appear to 
have imagined from the preliminary 
discourse to your works which I pub- 
lished, wherein I announced the glory 
that awaited you: if the warmth with 
which it is written bas excited in you 
this idea, it has deceived you; I go to 
the Cortes with many grey hairs, yet 
with the same ardour for the welfare of 
my country and for the good cause of 
the human race, which is manifested 
in that sketch. May heaven grant that 
my knowledge, corrected by yours, my 
integrity, and my prudence may cor- 
respond with my good intentions, as 
with your aid, I hope they will; and if 
with this disposition J implore whatever 
instruction my enlightened master can 
still give me, I am persuaded he will 
not refuse to assist with his advice his 
“beloved” disciple, and the nation, 
already enriched by so many proofs 
of his affection, to which that disciple 
has the houour to belong. At about 
the same time that you complete your 
seventy-fourth year, I shall complete 
my fifty-sixth ; but from what you tell 
me of your strength and spirits, 1 must 
be as far advanced in the decline of Jife, 
through weakness of constitution as 
you through age; this, however gives 
me no anxiety, nor do I desire to live 
longer than will enable me to accom- 
plish what depends upon me, and to 
assist my children with my counsels. 
My fortune has indeed never been large, 
but I have acquired it by my own exer- 
tions, without sacrificing my own inde- 
pendence or injuring others; and it 
has been sufficient to maintain my fa- 
mily with decency. I have never de- 
sired nor solicited public employments, 
and if after serving my country with 
fidelity, and obtaining some benefits for 
this city which I love, and for the peo- 
ple of this province, who have honoured 
me with their confidence, I can pass 
some years in the library of this univer- 
sity, in so forming the reason of the 
amiable youth around me, that it may 

hereafter 


1822. | 


hereafter serve the nation and man- 
kind with more utility than I have 
done, I shall descend contented with 
myself, to the mansions of the dead. 
There, my dear Bentham, we shall 
meet, and if we can-present our titles 
ef benefactors of our brethren, we may 
expect that we shall not be ill-received. 
Our names, united by our zeal in the 
same cause, will be preserved in the 
grateful remembrance of our survivors, 
and this glorious portion of life is best 
enjoyed when death has blunted all the 
darts ofenvy: letus labour then to ac- 
quire those titles. Let me entreat you 
not to lose the favourable opportunity 
which is offered to you by the gratitude 
of your faithful admirer and disciple, 
ToORIBIO NUNEZ. 
Salamanca, Dec. 20, 1821. 

P.S. There is no want of light in Spain, 
though at the distance from which you 
view us, you cannot perceive the ex- 
tent of the circle to which it radiates. 
Meanwhile yon may take my assurance 
that much virtue is to be found among 
us, and that our clergy and our people 
are docile and obedient to the voice of 
the iaw, especially when it is dictated 
by their represeutatives, and adminis- 
tered with dignity. Of the army I need 
say nothing; its enthusiastic attach- 
ment tothe constitution is sufficiently 
known.and as I include in that body the 
national militia, by whom it is adored, 
you will admit that a very considerable 
moral force is formed in its favour. Do 
not imagine that it is in any serious 
danger from the divisions among us, 
(of which you will doubtless hear,) of 
exoltados and moderados, or from the 
distinctions of the anillo* verde, of the 


* Green ring. 


Novelties of Foreign Literature. 


233 


gorros colorados,* of the comuneros ,t 
&c. &e. 

All these assoviations are produced 
by the different leanings which must 
necessarily originate from the different 
degrees of sensibility and intelligence 
among constitutional individuals. It 
is certainly right to endeavour to de- 
stroy them, but as impossible as to as- 
similate the characters of all those in- 
dividuals. Neither must you believe 
that they will lead to any change in the 
form of our government. ‘* The Consti- 
tution or Death!’ is the general cry. 
“ The Constitution; neither more nor 
less!’ reply all the provinces and all 
the armed force. Whoever gives you 
a different representation, did not wit- 
ness the inspiration which was mani- 
fested at the establishment of our sacred 
code; he knows not the number of 
those pledged to defend it; nor the de- 
cision and tenacity of character of 
Spaniards. If the threats of a foreign 
power, or if any internal accident 
should unfortunately endanger the li- 
berty of my country, you would see 
all these slightly diversified opinions 
and wishes directed at once to a com- 
mon centre; you would see all parties 
so strictly united, that they would in- 
stantly forget the names which desig- 
nate them ; you would see the national 
hatred against whoever should attempt 
to snatch from us this valued possession, 
become at once general and implacable. 

Adieu.—May you live long for the 
benefit of the human race, and for the 
enjoyment of that glory which it has 
been given to uo other mortal to ac- 
quire. 


* Coloured caps. 
+ Levellers. 


NOVELTIES OF FOREIGN LITERATURE. 


—>=— 


HE 28th Number of the North 

American Review and Miscella- 
neous Journal, contains the following 
abstract and observations on a German 
work entitled “ Der Deutsche in Nord 
Amerika—The Germanin North Ame- 
rica,” published at Stuttgard and Tu- 
bingen. 

This work is avowed in the preface 
to be the production of a German of 
rank, M. Von Fiirstenwiirther. He 
was sent to America by his half-bro- 
ther, the Baron Von Gagern, represen- 
tative of the German possessions of the 
king of the Netherlands, at the German 

MONTHLY Maa. No. 366, 


Diet. M.de'Gagern declares that the 
extent to which emigration from Ger- 
many had reached, and the belief that 
in the present state of things this relief 
of the country, labouring under a 
crowded population, was rather a bene- 
fit than an evil, united with a desire of 
1escuing the poor emigrants from the 
sufferings and oppressions they had 
hitherto endured, were the motives for 
sending out an ambassador to the 
United States. 

M. de Fiirstenwirther’s first letter is 
dated Amsterdam, July 3, 1817. He 
thus expresses himself with regard to 

2G the 


234 


the condition of the emigrants in the 
Dutch ports: 


I have found the misery of the greater 
part of the emigrants greater, and the con- 
dition of all more forlorn and helpless, 
than I could haye imagined. If our govern- 
ments do not feel their obligation to do any 
thing to relieve it, humanity and the ho- 
nour of the German name call upon you 
to do something forthwith to relieve the 
present distress; and if further emigration 
is permitted in future, to devise some mea- 
sures for its better regulation. On my 
journey hither, I encountered whole troops 
of returning families, who, deprived of 
every thing, were begging their way back. 
At Cologne, the government (the Prussian) 
had made provision that a great number 
should be stopped, taken care of, and sent 
back to their homes. Inconceivably great, 
however, is the number of those unhappy 
persons in Holland, where all the towns 
are overflowing with them. 

The Swiss emigrants in general are best 
off- Their government concerns itself 
more for them. -They do not lose their 
citizenship at homie, as the Wiirtembergers 
do; who are obliged to make a formal 
renunciation of it in the passport which 
they receive, to leave the kingdom. The 
Swiss, on the contrary, receive what is 
called a certificate of home, aud if they 
find themselves deceived in their expecta- 
tions, and choose to return, are welcomed 
back with paternal kindness. Nay, in such 
a case, each one receives two [.ouis-d’ors 
for his expences back, from the Swiss con- 
sul, with an addition of three florins a week 
to the sick. The same indulgencies are 
also enjoyed by the emigrants from the 
French provinces of Lorraine and Alsace. 

From the sketch of the contract for 
the passage to America, we extract the 
following articles: 

Such as are in a condition to do it, pay 
their passage in Amsterdam, a man or a 
woman 170 florins, or 68 dollars. 

Children under four years are free. 

From four to fourteen years, 85 florins, 
or 34 dollars. 

From fourteen years and onward, 170 
florins, or 68 dollars. 

Those who are unable to pay in Amster- 
dam, and are to pay in America, are 
charged, amaa or woman 190 florins, or 
76 dollars, and. under fourteen and cyer 
four years, half that sum. 

Every one, thus contracting to pay his 
passage in America, is bound to do it 
within ten days after his arrival. In case 
of death, if it happen when the voyage is 
more than half made, the surviving friends 
are holden to pay the passage of the de- 
ceased ; if before the passage be half made, 
no passage-money is to be paid. 

The provisions stipulated are dealt out 


German Emigration to America, 


[Ajai 2, 


on the principle of full portions to these 
who pay full fare, half portions to the half 
fares, and children nothing, as follows : 

Sundays, a pound of beef, with barley, 
two cups to five fares, (in soup, we sup- 
pose.) 

Mondays, a pound of flour and a pound 
of butter, for the whole week. 

Tuesdays, half a pound of fat boiled with 
pease, three cups for five fares. 

Wednesdays, a pound of flour. 

Thursdays, a pound of beef, with pota- 
toes, a quarter of a peck (Fass) to five 
fares. 

Fridays, half a pound of rice. 

Saturdays, half a pound of fat, with 
pease, three cups for five fares, a pound of 
cheese, and six pounds of bread for the 
week. 

Ajug of beer and another of water per 
day: instead of the beer, which sours, 
water is given for apart of the voyage. 
Moreover half the water assigned is for 
cooking. 


The following extract from a letter - 
dated at the Helder, July 7, 1817, will 
give our readers an idea of the extent 
of this sort of business. 

I was this morning on beard of a vessel, 
formerly a Russian ship of the line, which 
a Dutchman had bought on account of the 
Rudoilfi, whom I mentioned in a former 
letter, for the sake of carrying German 
emigrants to Philadelphia. There are al- 
ready four or five. hundred souls on board, 
and the vessel will not sail till she has her 
complement of passengers. 

The following facts are contained in 
a letter dated Philadelphia, Oct. 28, 
1SI7: 

As soon asa vessel arrives with such 
passengers, it is immediately advertised by 
the captains in the papers. Mechanics 
and farmers, sometimes from 4 distance, 
repair to the vessel, select such persons as 
they wish, and pay their fare to the cap- 
tain; and a particular contract is made, by 
which they are bound to service for a term 
of years. Commonly also the vessels are 
visited by some members of the German 
society, under whose inspection these 
transactions take place. They also inform 
themselves as to the treatment of the pas- 
sengers on the passage, and institute a 
strict investigation, if circumstances seem 
to require it; but it stops here, except it 
be in the case of American ships. Not a 
year since, arrived a Prussian ship with 
passengers, whose captain had been guilty 
of the most shameful abuses, particularly 
of the females, on board. The affair ex- 
cited universal indignation in’ the city. 
An account of it reached Germany, and 
was inserted in the Gazette of Cologne, 
and orders were accordingly given to the 
Prussian consul, who arrived here a few 

days 


1822.]' 


days ago, to investigate the affair with the 
greatest severity, and report thereon, This 
summer also the treatment on board the 
brig Hope, Captain Klein, cf Amsterdam, 
was highly reprehensible. I send you the 
protocol of the investigation. 

The Germau society prepeses only to 
relieve and assi=t, as much as possible, the 
destitute emigrants. They have done 
much for their German brethren. But the 
number of emigrants this year was out of 
proportion to the means of the society. 
Their number is estimated at six thousand, 
and many more are still expected. 

I am just beginning to be known, and 
am obliged to put up with taking many a 
fruitless step. For you are not to imagine 
thata very great interest is felt here in 
my mission. This does not lie in the Ame- 
rican character. ve: 


This is truly edifying: we have been 
so used. to being complimented with 
these courteous salutations by our Eng- 
lish brethren, that we had begun really 
to put on a little sad and sober diffi- 
dence, and doubt whether we were not, 
after all, a degenerate race. But fo 
hear the deputy of the plenipotentiary 
of the Dutch king, at the German Diet, 
because, in seventeen days after he had 
arrived in Philadelphia from Amster- 
dam, without speaking a word of the 
language, his mission had excited litile 
interest—to hear this worthy gentleman 
talking of what does or does not dwell 
in the American character, has cheered 
us up a little, and gives us courage to 
encounter the flattering notice which 
our brethren at Edinburgh or Loadon 
may take of the calumnies of the next 
shop-keeper sent out to explore us. 

The following circumstance strikes 
us quite unexpected and curious. It 
is from a letter dated Baltimore, 26 
Nov. 1817: 

There arrived this summer a ship from 
Amsterdam, addressed to Mr. Graff, one of 
the richest merchants in this place. A 
greater part of the passengers had not paid 
their freight. Two families were bought 
by free negroes, of which there is a large 
number in Maryland. This disgusted the 
Germans in Baltimore to the degree, that 
they, (and among them Mr. Graff himself, 
the consignee of the ship, without whose 
knowledge the thing had taken place,) im- 
mediately re-bought them, and formed an 
association to prevent the recurrence of 
any such degrading abuse. 

We add, from the same letter, the 
following fact, in regard to which we 
apprehend our author to labour under 
a mistake; the result of misinformation 
from the sugar boiler: 

I have accidentally made the acquaint- 


ra 


German Emigration to America. 


235 
ance of a German, who has been long an 
inhabitant of the state of Kentucky, and 
has established a sugar manufactory there. 
He has travelled through all the western 
states, and I am indebted to him for many 
notices. He assures me that this summer 
Germans had been engaged by speculators, 
and publicly sold at auction to the 
highest bidder, and, accerding to him, 
Putch or white slaves is there a common 
expression. 

Weare the more inclined to doubt a 
part of this anecdote, as we have observ- 
ed our southern and western brethren 
to be very sparing of the word slave, 
even when applied to the blacks. 

The following extract will give our 
readers some idea of the views enter- 
tained by the American government, 
on the subject of encouraging emigra- 
tion. It is froma letter dated Phila- 
delphia, Dec. 28, 1817: 


I have been presented in Washington by 
Tenkate (?) to Mr. Adams, the Secretary of 
State. Ishould have gladly avoided these 
formalities, but could not well excuse my- 
self. Tenkate had forewarned me that I 
should find in the Secretary of State a dry 
and extremely cold man. On the contrary 
I found him extremely polite and friendly 
towards me. He heard me, at first, with 
great attention, aud interrupted me after- 
wards frequently in the course of my re- 
marks. I gave him your pamphlet. Oa 
my second visit he asked me if I had in- 
structions? I felt myself obliged, in truth, 
to auswer in the affirmative, and professed 
myself ready toshow them. Hisreply in 
substance was as follows: That it had hi- 
therto been the supposition of the govern- 
ment, that the European states, and parti- 
cularly the German powers, were not 
pleased with emigration: and that there- 
fore, from motives of policy, and not to dis- 
turb the friendly understanding with such 
powers, it had net directly encouraged the 
emigration, or, at any rate, had avoided 
the appearance of wishing to encourage it. 
If, however, it could be made certain, that 
the German princes would throw no obsta- 
cle in the way of emigration, there might 
perhaps arise a greater inclination on the 
part of the American government, to con- 
spire with them in aiding it: though, ad- 
ded the secretary, rather out of kindness 
towards the emigrants themselves. For, 
(this is the judicious remark of M. de Fiirs- 
tenwarther) either from principle and 
conviction, or national pride, they have, 
or affect to have, throughout America, a 
great indifference towards foreign emigra- 
tion, and appear to be of opinion that, even 
without this aid, the population of the 
United States increases rapidly enough. 

It is usually Dutch, but occasionally also 
American, Swedish, Russian, and English 

vessels, 


236 


vessels, which transport the emigrants te 
America. The ships made use of in this 
service are commonly of the worst quality, 
old, and unseaworthy, and the commanders 
sent in them, ignorant, inexperienced, and 
brutal characters. The American ships 
are the best, and deserve the preference be- 
fore the others. They sail quicker, the 
treatment is better, and the responsibility 
of the captains is greater. 

Several laws have been passed in the 
state of Pennsylvania for the Para: 
tion of the redemptioners, and M. de 
Furstenwarther expresses his opinion 
that the provisions of these laws are 
adequate. He complains, however, 
that they are scarce pretended to be put 
in execution against foreign ships, and 
that they are but imperfectly executed 
against the American captains. Among 
these laws is one, which obliges the 
captain of the vessel to susport the re- 
demptioners gratis for thirty days after 
their arrival; after this period he is 
allowed to charge their board. In case 
the captain is compelled to bind out his 
redemptioners for a less sum than the 
amount of the passage, then the per- 
sons so bound out are obliged to enter 
into a farther bond, to pay the remain- 
der of the debt after the expiration of 
the first indenture. These indentures 
are made under the inspection of an 
officer appointed for that purpose by the 
government of the state, who keeps a 
list of all the emigrants, with a note of 
the place where they are bound. The 
extreme terms of service in ordinary 
cases for adults is four years, and two 
years the shortest term. Children, 
under four years old, are not bound, 
but follow their parents, and are at li- 
berty when the parents are. Males, 
over four years, are bound to serve till 
they are twenty-one, and females till 
they are eighteen years old. Six 
weeks’ schooling annualiy is stipulated 
for the children, and two suits of 
clothes, one of which is to be new, at 
the expiration of their term of service. 
It is also provided by the law, that no 
redemptioner shall be bound out of the 
state of Pennsylvania without his con- 
sent; that man and wife shall not be 
separated but by mutual consent, nor 
children taken from their parents but 
in extreme cases. The efforts of the 
German societies are confined to pecu- 
niary relief of the emigrants, who are 
wholly destitute, and their activity has 
been checked for want of funds. There 
are two of these societies in Philadel- 
phia, one in New York, and one in 
Baltimore. 


German Emigration to America, 


[April 1, 


From the 12th of July, the day of 
the arrival of the first ship with redemp- 
tioners in 1817, up to the beginning of 
1818, there arrived nineteen vessels, 
bringing passengers of this class to the 
number of more than 6000. 

So far from looking upon this inden- 
ture as a hardship, our author expresses 
his opinion that it is a benefit to the 
needy emigrant, and says, that many 
even of those who pay their passage in 
Holland, bind themselves, in like man- 
ner, on their arrival here, for the sake 
of being immediately provided for in a 
strange land,—learning the language 
by going of necessity intoan American 
family, and laying up in the purchase 
money a little capital for future sup- 
port. Our author adds, that the treat- 
ment of the emigrants while in service 
is so kind and good, that just complaints 
are oftener made by the masters that 
their servants run away, than by the 
servants that they are ill treated. 
Among the classes of emigrants most 
likely to be employed, our author enu- 
merates masons, carpenters, cabinet- 
makers, waggoners, coopers, smiths, 
shoe-makers, tailors, and bakers; and 
as least likely to find employment, all 
those whose trades are connected with 
the arts of luxury. Persons of both 
sexes, from fourteen to twenty years of 
age, are most sought for, ‘and it is a 
great folly,’ says our judicious author, 
* when women of eighty years old wan- 
der over, ay happened in one instance 
last summer.’ The greater part of the 
German emigrants remain in Pennsyl- 
vania, from which, without their con- 
sent, they cannot be carried. Our au- 
thor however informs us, that he saw 
a letter from forty such persons, whe 
had entered into indentures in Ohio, 
and who were contented with their 
treatment and condition. The follow- 
ing observation will show the correct 
and discriminating character of our 
author’s observations. 

A great part of the population of the 
United States consists of blacks, especially 
in the southern states. The German agrees 
but poorly with them. He is regarded by 
them with envy and jealousy. It is de- 
erading to the German name and character 
to have the German stand ona similar foot- 
ing with them. Zhe nalural cunning of 
the Negro, his superior dexterity and 


Jluency in English, give him too great an 


advantage over the simple, good-natured 
German peasant. He consider himself (the 
Negro) as of a higer nature, and looks 
down upon the poor German. The latter 

is. 


1822. ] 


is confounded in treatment with the blacks, 
nay is often treated worse. 

The following pretty tender question 
in our anthor’s instructions— Are the 
Germans esteemed in America?’ is an- 
swered in a calm, impartial way, which 
we are sure will please our readers. 

Is the German esteemed in America? 
Personally he is esteemed, like others, 
without reference to their descent or na- 
tion, when heis rich or distinguished for 
public services. Schneider (Snyder,) the 
last governor of Pennsylvania, was of 
German origin. The path to offices and 
posts of honour is open to every German. 
He is in general esteemed for his industry, 
frugality, love of home, for his honesty, 
and his peaceable temper; qualities which 
still characterise the German and his de- 
scendants in America, particularly the far- 
mers. Pennsylvania owes to the German 
her universally acknowledged superiority 
over all the other states in respect to agri- 
culture. The German emigrant is more 
welcome than the Irishman or the French- 
man. The last particularly are no favour- 
ites with the Americans. Personally they 
are disliked, notwithstanding the public 
sympathy once felt in the fortunes and 
principles of the French nation. 

But notwithstanding this, a great under- 
valuing of the German name and nation is 
evident in America. ‘The Americans, them- 
selves too young to deserve the name of a 
nation, possess nevertheless a national 
pride beyond that of any people in the old 
world, and look down with disdain on those 
(?) from whom the first germ of their im- 
provement came. Of none however have 
the Americans a poorer opinion than of the 
Germans. The main reason of this is per- 
haps the political insignificance of the Ger- 
man nation, and the consequent want of 
conscious importance and of arrogance of 
its individuals; to which cause also it is 
to be ascribed that so little justice is done 
to the Germans by the other European na- 
tions. With no land have the Americans 
had so few important relations, as with 
Germany. For waut of other means of in- 
formation, they judged of her from the de- 
gree of improvement, from the character, 
and the external appearance of the indivi- 
duals, whom they were accustomed to see 
landing on their shores, of whom the mass 
certainly was not calculated to give them a 
favourable opinion of their country. The 
number of Germans of education who have 
visited this country or settled in it was al- 
ways very small. It is finally undeniable, 
that the irregularities and abuses in the 
emigration of the last years, the wretched 
condition of the greater part of those who 
arrived here, and their still more wretched 
moral condition, tended highly tostrengthen 
these unfavourable impressions. 


German Emigration to America. 


237 


The emigration from Germany to 
Pennsylvania began very early. In 
the time of Penn, Germantown was 
founded by a colony of emigrants from 
Griesheim in the Palatinate. In 1717 
the emigration was so great, that the 
governor of the province expressed his 
apprehensions of the evil consequences 
which might result from having too 
many foreigners contiguous to each 
other; or, on the ether hand, too many 
scattered separately among the Indians. 
In 1754, there landed 5000 emigrants in 
Philadelphia; but we apprehend our 
author to have been misled by his au- 
thorities, when he supposes that half 
the population of Pennsylvania is Ger- 
man or of German descent. 

The German language is fast disap- 
pearing, particularly in the large towns, 
and no person is allowed to sit on a 
jury in Pennsylvania, who cannot un- 
derstand English. According to our 
author, the children of German parents 
are commonly ashamed of the country 
and language of their fathers, so that 
in the third generation, at the present 
day, the traces of their origin disappear. 
This disinclination is greater in the 
higher thau in the lower orders of so- 
ciety, and in this respect, says M. de 
Furstenwarther, the German society at 
Philadelphia is unworthy at least of its 
name, asa greater part of its members 
are desirous of having their transactions 
in English. 

Our author complains that the Ger- 
man language is not kept up in its 
purity in America, but is fast passing 
over into a corrupted English dialect. 
We doubt not this remark is just; but 
we take the liberty to observe that it 
comes with no very good grace from 
M. de Furstenwarther, whose own 
pages teem with words unacknowledged 
by the present standards of his native 
language. In the very sentence, in 
which he announces the transition of 
the German into a corrupt English dia- 
lect, he uses a barbarous word himself, 
and his pages are full of such terms as 
details, preker, supponirt, disponibel, 
progressive and nivellirend, none of 
which ought to find admittance into the 
works of a correct writer of the Ger- 
man language. There are nineteen 
German newspapers in Pennsylvania, 
and two in Ohio and Maryland. 

Under the head of religion, M. de 
Fiirstenwirther informs us, that there 
are eight hundred German churches in 
America. Hecomplains of the gradual 

encroachments 


238 


encroachments of the English language 
upon the pulpit. The Germans in 
America, according to this statement, 
evince much piety and religious zeal. 
The preachers complain that the bre- 
thren from their native country, who 
have arrived within the last thirty 
years, are deficient in this respect, and 
set their faces against preaching three 
times-a day. His remark that there is 
no theological faculty at the American 
universities, is singularly unfortunate, 
since it has been perhaps the fault of 
these establishments, a fault, if it be 
one, growing out of the nature of things, 
to have given a disproportionate share 
of attention to theological education. 
M. de Fiirstenwirther, whom we 
have observed in a contemporary Ger- 
man paper, the Deutscher Freund, 
published by Dr. Scheffer of New 
York, to be charged with a little aristo- 
eratical feeling, seems to hint with no 
great complacency at the political no- 
tions of his countrymen in America. 


The German in America, particularly 
in the country, distinguishes himself by a 
trait of character not known at home, and 
for which he is there not thought caleulat- 
ed, 1 mean as a zealous democrat, though 
stillas a quiet citizen. I cannot but add, 
that this new trait in his character, by 
being associated with certain other old and 
permanent features, is far from rendering 
him more amiable. The Hessians who, ia 
the war of the revolution, served in the 
English army, and of whom the greater 
part remained in America, are said, in 
this respect, to distinguish themselves in 
a peculiar manner by their strong demo- 
cratic politics, rudeness, coarseness and 
obstinacy. 

M. de Firstenwarther, afier a resi- 
dence of four months in America, to 
which he probably came unacquainted 
with the language, as we infer trom the 
delight with which he scatters about 
his English words when his own tongue 
affords those which are perfectly syno- 
nymous, and after having travelled 
throughout the whole of America from 
Philadelphia to Washington, a distance 
of full one hundred and fifty geographi- 
cal miles, closes his report in the follow- 
ing highly pungent and philosophical 
strain. 

With such advantages, on the part of the 
United States, which every impartial man 
will recognize with me, and with all the 
facility, particularly of the material life, I 
cannot conceal some defects and dark sides. 
In this country there is no idea, nay not a 
distant suspicion, of a higher and finer ex- 


German Emigration to America. 


[April 1, 


istence, at least on this earth. There isa 
want of every thing which can adorn and 
ennoble it, of every variety of better en- 
joyment and entertainment. Coarse mate- 
rialism and interest are the character and 
leading principal of the inhabitants: —A 
want of sociality, contemptible pride, re- 
serve, and coarseness, discover themselves 
in the multitude, and repel the European 
of education and feeling. Such an one will 
of course feel himself at first extremely 
unhappy and solitary in this country; it 
cannot please him. Although there be 
much in Europe, that he cannot and ought 
not to praise, comparisons, which he will 
have daily occasion to make, will force from 
him the silent or open confession, that still 
much js better there. If the Americans 
are justly proud of their civil freedom, and 
of their freedom in thinking, speaking, 
and printing, and in the social life, they 
still know not that higher freedom of the 
soul, which is to be found only in Europe, 
and I say it boldly, most chundantly in 
Germany. With all their freedom, they 
are still slaves of their narrow views, of 
their ignorance of every thing but what is 
local and practical, and of their national 
prejudices. 

Such are the impressions of all on their 
arrival in this country, such are the coin- 
ciding feelings and judgments of all, even 
long after their arrival. By degrees only 
do they get used to the country, after they 
have formed to themselves a sphere of 
their own, or after their gradually awaken- 
ing pride as free citizens extinguishes the 
recollections of the advantages of their 
native land. 


On the first perusal of these spirited 
remarks, we were, to use an expressive 
vulgarism, at a loss to know what the 
author would be at. We felt, to be sure, 
a becoming sympathy with M. de Fiir- 
stenwarther, in the distressing neces- 
sity in which we supposed he found 
himself of making a flourish, and soften- 
ing to himself the bitter pill of * freedom 
in thinking, speaking, printing, and 
social life.’ which must have been so 
oppressive to a native of the Palatinate. 
Still, however, we did not exactly un- 
derstand why America should. pay so 
heavily the penalty of his annoyance; 
when it would have been quite as elo- 
quent and sentimental to abuse the 
French or the English. 

Did we not fear that our comment 
had already outrun the importance of 
the text, we should hint at the state of 
things in Germany, disclosed by this 
prodigious emigration. We passed, vot 
a year ago, through the kingdom of 
Wirtemberg, and along the banks of 

the 


1822] 


the Rhine, the countries from which 
the great march of emigration proceeds. 
‘All Eurove does not afford a finer and 
more lovely land: the highest eultiva- 
tion, the finest forests, the richest pro- 
ducts, the best roads, every thing which 
would seem to belong to a happy coun- 
try; all those advantages which we 
suppose M. de Fiirstenwarther means 
by his ‘material existence,’ and in 
which we really wish we were as well 
off as he describes us. Yet, it is from 
these delightful regions that every one, 
who can ride or walk away, from chil- 
dren at the breast to women eighty 
years old, is flyingas from a pestilence, 
not tempted to stay by that fine freedom 
of the soul, of which our anthor will 
have it there is so much in Germany. 
Now we apprehend that it is precisely 
those fine moral comforts which are 


Proceedings of Puglic Societies. 


2346 


wanting ‘ in Europe, nay we say it bold- 
ly, in Germany most ofall.’ In some 
parts of Europe there is more wealth, 
in most there is more artificial refine- 
ment, and more learning, than in Ame- 
rica; but in none is there much free- 
dom either of soul or body; most ia 
England, but not enough there. The 
tyranny is of a different kind in differ- 
ent places. In one it is the dispropor- 
tionate wealth of the aristocracy, as in 
England; and in one it is the unba- 
lanced despotism of the government, 
as in Germany: but in all it is freedom, 
liberty, confidence, equality of rights, 
when there is equality of merit, which 
are wanted: a want which is poorly 
supplied by pictures and statues, by 
fleets and armies, nay by fine poetry 
and prose ;—though these are all ex- 
cellent in their way. 


PROCEEDINGS OF PUBLIC SOCIETIES. 


—=—>—— 


HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF 
LONDON. 

On the Cultivation of Figs on the back 
Walls of Vineries; by JOSEPH 
SABINE, Esq. FLR.S. Sc. Secretary. 
N the common method of cultivating 

grapes under glass, it may always 

be observed, says Mr. Sabine, that the 
vines trained to the back wall of the 
house seldom yield either an abundant 
or well-flavoured crop: this is caused 
by the plants being too far removed from 
the glass, and too much shaded by the 
vines trained wnder the rafters. I 
have always considered fig-trees as bet- 
ter suited to the back wall in a grape- 
house than vines, and have lately seen 
them succeed so well in the garden ofa 
friend in Norfolk, that I cannot better 
describe the plan I recommend, than 
by detailing the practice I there ob- 
served. 

The house I allude io is forty-four 
feet long, by twelve and a half wide, 
in the clear; the back wall is fourteen, 
and the front wall rather more than 
four feet high; there is no upright 
glass in front: the vines are planted on 
the outside, on a border raised against 
the front wall, and are brought into 
the house under the wall plate; the 
flue is in front only, returning upon 
itself, the chimney Beli over the fire- 
place, which is at one end of the house, 
the door being at the other end, so that 
there is no dip in the flue; a paved 
walk goes along the house, near the 


flue, leaving a border between the pave- 
ment and the back wall. Two fig-trees 
are planted against the back wall; one 
is a brown, the other a white fig, kinds 
which are common in Italy, and the 
South of France, and both bearing 
fruit of a short and flattened form. 
These trees have been planted fifteen 
years, and entirely cover the wall: 
the border in which they were planted 
was originally made very rich, and they 
have grown well in it; the branches 
are trained to a trellis against the wall, 
but they are also suffered to project 
from the wall. The trees are pruned 
in the antumn, after their wood is well 
hardened, where it is necessary to pre- 
vent them from incumbering the house ; 
but as the object is to get the trees to the 
largest possible size, in whieh state they 
will produce more of the short fruit- 
bearing shoots, they are cut but little, 
except it be occasionally necessary tu 
thin them, by taking out a strong 
limh. Itis the practice to begin forcing 
when the grapes break in the middle 
of April; the first crop of figs ripens in 
June, and the second crop in August. 
The grapes begin to ripen in Septera- 
ber, and continue fresh until near 
Christmas. 


Account of a Method of conveying Wa- 
ter to Plantsin Houses ; by the same. 
The plan IT am about to describe, 

says Mr. 8. is most simple in its opera- 

tion, and not only supplies water to the 
plants, 


240 


plants, without labour, but in a way 
that must be more beneficial than the 
usual one, by a watering-pot. A 
leaden pipe of half an inch bore, is in- 
troduced into one end of the house, in 
such a situation that the stop-cock, 
which is fixed in it, and which is used 
for turning on the supply of water, may 
be within reach; it is then carried 
either to the upper part or the back of 
the house, or to the inside of the ridge 
of the glass frame-work, being con- 
tinued horizontally, and in a straight 
direction the whole extent of the 
house, and fastened to the wall, or 
rafters, by iron staples, at convenient 
distances. From the point where the 
pipe commences its horizontal direc- 
tion, it is perforated with minute holes, 


Propagation of 


through each of which the water, when* 


turned on, issues in a fine stream, and, 
in descending, is broken, and falls on 
the plants, in a manner resembling a 
gentle summer shower. The holes are 
perforated in the pipe with a needle, 
fixed intoa handle like that of an awl; 
it being impossible to have the holes too 
fine, very small needles are necessarily 
used for the purpose, and in the opera- 
tion great numbers are of course broken. 
The situation of the holes in the pipe 
must be suchas to disperse the water in 
every direction that may be required, 
and in this particular the relative posi- 
tion of the pipe, and of the stations of 
the plants to be watered must be con- 
sidered, in making the perfo1ations. 
The holes are made, onan average, at 
about two inches distant from each 
other, horizontally, but are somewhat 
more distant near the commencement, 
and rather closer towards the termina- 
tion of the pipe, allowing thereby for 
the relative excess and diminution of 
pressure, to give an equal supply of 
water to each end of the house. A 
single pipe is sufficient for a house of 
moderate length. One house of Messrs. 
Loddiges, which is thus watered, is 
sixty feet long, and the only difference 
to be made in adapting the plan to a 
longer range, is to have the pipe lar- 
ger. The reservoir to supply the pipe 
must of course be so much above the 
levelas to exert a sufficient force on the 
water in the pipe, to make it flow with 
rapidity, as it will otherwise escape 
only in drops; and as too strong a 
power may be readily controlled by the 
stop-cock, the essential point to be at- 
tended to in this particular is to secure 
force enough. 


Walnut Trees. | April 1. 


On the Propagation of Vurieties of 
the Walnut-Tree by Budding 3 by 
THOMAS ANDREW KNIGHT, £sq. 
President. 

The ill-success of many attempts to 
propagate the walnut-tree by grafts or 
buds, led me, says Mr. Knight, in 
a former communication, to discourage 
all attempts to inerease it, except by 
seeds, or by grafting by approach. The 
advantages of propagating varieties of 
the walnut-tree by budding, will, I 
think, be found considerable, provided 
the buds be taken from young, or even 
middle-aged healthy trees; for, ex- 
clusive of the advantage of obtain- 
ing fruit from very young trees, the 
planter will be enabled to select 
not only such varieties as afford the 
best fruit, but also such as endure best, 
as timber-trees, the vicissitudes of cur 
climate, In this respect some degree 
of difference is almost always observable 
in the constitution of each individual 
seedling-tree; and this is invariably 
transferred with the graft or bud. 

The walnut, it is true, as a fruit, 
contains but little nutriment, and per- 
haps constitutes, at best, only an un- 
wholesome luxury; but the tree affords 
timber of much greater strength and 
elasticity, comparatively with its very 
low specific gravity, than any other of 
British growth, and it is consequently 
applicable to purposes for which no 
good substitute has hitherto been 
found ; the stocks of the musket of the 
soldier, and of the gun-of the sports- 
man. 

The buds of trees, of almost every 
species, succeed with most certainty 
when inverted in the shoots of the 
same year’s growth, but the walnut 
tree appears to afford an exception ; 
possibly in some measure because its 
buds contain, within themselves, in 
the spring, all the ‘leaves which the 
tree bears in the following summer ; 
whence its annual/shoots wholly cease to 
elongate soon after its buds unfold. All 
its buds of each season are also, conse- 
quently, very nearly of the same age: 
and long before any have acquired the 
proper degree of maturity for being re- 
moved, the annual branches have ceased 
to grow longer, or to produce new 
foilage. : 

To obviate the disadvantages arising 
from the preceding circumstances, I 
adopted means of retarding the period 
of the vegetation of the stocks, compa- 
ratively with that of the bearing tree § 

ah 


1822.] 


and by these means I became partially 
successful. There are at the base of 
the annual shoots of the walnut, and 
other trees, where those join the year- 
old wvod, many minute buds, which 
are almost concealed in the bark ; 
and which rarely, or never, vegetate, 
but in the event of the destruction of 
the large prominent buds, which oc- 
cupy the middle, and opposite end of 
the annual wood. By inserting in 
each stock one of these minute buds, 
and one of the large and prominent 
kind, I had the pleasure to find that 
the minute buds took freely, whilst 
the large all failed, without a single 
exception. This experiment was re- 
peated in the summer of 1815, upon 
two yearling stocks which grow in 
pots, and had been placed, during the 
spring and early part of the summer, in 
a shady situation under a north wall, 
whence they were removed late in July 
to a forcing house, which I devote to 
experiments, and instantly budded. 
These being suffered to remain in the 
house during the following summer, 
produced from the small buds shoots 
nearly three feet long, terminating in 
large and perfect female blossoms, 
which necessarily proved abortive, as 
no male blossoms were procurable at 
the early period in which the female 
blossoms appeared ; but the early forma- 
tion of such blossoms sufficiently proves 
that the habits of abearing branch of 
the walnut tree may be tranferred to 
a young tree by budding, as well as by 
grafting by approach. 

The most eligible situation for the 
insertion of buds of this species of tree 
{and probably of others of similar ha- 
bits) is near the summit of the wood 
of the preceding year, and of course, 
wane near the base of the annual shoot ; 
and if buds of the small kind above- 
mentioned be skilfully inserted in such 
parts of branches of rapid growth, they 
will be found to succeed with nearly as 
much certainty as those of other fruit- 
trees, provided such buds be in a more 
mature state than those of the stocks 
into which they are inserted. 


On the Cultivation of the Under-ground 
and some other Onions; by JOHN 
WEDGWOOD, Esq. 

I never use the hoe to the plant, ex- 
cept for clearing the ground from weeds, 
when the onions have shot out their 
leaves to their full size, and when they 
begin to get a little brown at the top. I 

Monruy MAG. No, 366. 


Cultivation of Onions. 


24) 


clear arey all the soil from the bulb 
down to the ring, from whence proceed 
the fibres of the roots, and thus form a 
basin round each bulb, which catches 
the rain, and serves as a receptacle for 
the water from the watering-pot. I 
find that the old bulbs then immediately 
begin to form new ones, and if they are 
kept properly moist, and the svil is 
good, the cluster will be very large and 
numerous. This is not the only ad- 
vantage of this mode of treatment, as 
the bulbs thus grown above ground are 
much sounder than those formed be- 
neath the surface, and will keep much 
better ; indeed I find them to keep quite 
as well as any other sort ; but this was 
not the case until I adopted the plan I 
have described. 

Having said thus much on under- 
ground onions, I am tempted to give 
the result of three different trials of 
growing common onions, which I made 
this year for my own satisfaction :—My 
first mode was with the small bulbs of 
Portugal onions, sown in May, 1818, 
and which were of the size of small 
nuts; the ground was trenched two 
spades, graft-deep, but no dung was put 
in, and the bulbs were planted on the 
10th of March last, six inches apart, 
and the rows were at the same distance 
asunder: they have produced a very 
good crop of fine onions. The second 
mode was with onions sown in Septem- 
ber, 1818, and transplanted into rows, 
the same as in the preceding case, into 
the same ground, and at the same time. 
They did not produce bulbs so large as 
the first. The third mode was sowing 
the seed in drills. six inches asunder, 
and thinning the plants to about four 
inches distance. These were sown in 
the same soil, and on the same day 
that the others were planted, and pro- 
duced a very good crop; but not to be 
compared to the first, which had also 
the advantage of ripening at least a 
fortnight sooner. 

I planted also some small bulbs, of 
tle sowing of the early part of the spring 
of 1518, but they almost all went to 
seed, and when the flower-bud was 
pinched off, the bulb produced two new 
ones. My own conviction of the value 
of Mr. Knight’s method of sowing the 
seed in May, to form bulbs for the 
next year’s stock, is so great, that I 
shall for the future adhere to it, and 
only sow a little seed in the spring, to 
supply green onions. The kinds of 


onions I have sown are, the Portugal, 
2H the 


242 


the James’s-keeping, and the two- 
bladed onion. 


ROYAL SOCIETY. 

The Second Part of the Philosophi- 
eal Transactions for 1521, among 
others, contains the following papers : 

An Account of the Skeletons of the 
Dugong, Two-horned Rhinoceros, and 
a Tapir of Sumatra; by Sir EVERARD 
HOME, Jart.—It appears that he has 
inspected the horns of the double- 
horned rhinoceros, brought from the 
interior of Africa, by Mr. Campbell, 
and as far as it respects the appearance 
of the horns Sir E. considers it entirely 
a new species. The lowest horn stands 
upon a projection, at the end of the 
nasal bones, with its base nearly hori- 
zontal, pointing forwards, and a little 
upwards. It is a yard long, very small 
at the point, and two feet in circum- 
ference at the base. The small horn is 
close to it, and stands perpendicularly 
behind the base of the long one; this is 
only twelve inches high, while the cir- 
cumference of its base is equal to the 
Jarger horn. There can be no doubt 
of this being the animal that has given 
rise to the various reports of the extinct 
unicorn having been lately discovered 
in Africa, 

On the Effects produced in the Rates 
of Chronometers, by the Proximity of 
Masses of Tron; by PETER BARLOW, 
Esq. — The first general conclusion 
Which Mr. Barlow draws from them is, 
that the rate of a chronometer is uh- 
doubtedly altered by its proximity to 
iron bodies, but that it is by no means 
a general case, that iron necessarily ac- 
celerates the rate of a chronometer. 
As a practical conclusion, it is obvious, 
that on ship-board, great care ought to 
be taken to keep the chronometers out 
of the immediate vicinity of any con- 
Siderable mass or surface of iron; on 
which account they ought not to be 
kept in the cabins of the gun-room-offi- 
cers, which are on the sides of the ves- 


Royal Society.—New Patents. 


[April 1, 
sel: and, probably, a strong iron knee, 
or even a gun, will be found, at a very 
inconsiderable distance from the spot, 
where the watch is most likely, in this 
case, to be deposited. In short, it ap- 
pears that a chronometer ought to be 
kept as carefully at a distance from 
masses of iron, as the compass itself. 
Of course as iron by the new philosophy 
obstructs the circulations which cause 
direction in the traversing needle, the 
re-action of those circulations will 
affect all moving or moveable bodies 
near the iron. 

Further Researches on the Magnetic 
Phacnomena, produced hy Electricity s 
with some new Experiments on the pro- 
perties of electrified Bodies, in their 
relations to conducting Power and Tem- 
perature, by the President.— Sir Hum- 
phry ascertains by these researches 
that the conducting power of metallic 
bodies varies with the temperature, and 
is lower in some inverse ratio, as the 
temperature is higher. Thus, a wire of 
platinum ;1,, and three inches in length, 
when kept cool by oil, discharged the 
electricity of two batteries, or of twenty 
double plates ; but when suffered to be 
heated, by exposure in the air, it barely 
discharged one battery. Whether the 
heat was vccasioneil by the electricity, 
or applied to it from some other source, 
the effect was the same. But this re- 
sult might have been anticipated @ 
priori from the principles of the new 
philosophy, which teach that conduct- 
ing power is nothing more than atomic 
continuity, which is destroyed or im- 
paired by the atomic action called heat. 
The members of the Royal Society, 
however, by pertinaciously continuing 
to recognize the occult and metaphysival 
properties of matter invented in the 
thirteenth and fourteenth, and illus- 
trated in the sixteenth and seventeenth 
centuries, are at this time a century 
behind the real state of philosophical 
knowledge. Some of their facts, how- 
ever, are amusing and curious. 


NEW PATENTS AND MECHANICAL INVENTIONS. 


—>—_- 


To JoHN Moore, of Castle-street, 
Bristol, for a certain Maehine or 
Machinery, or Apparatus, which may 
be worked by Steam, by Water, or by 
.Gas, as a moving Power. 
HIS invention consists of “a cer- 
tain machine or machinery, or 
apparatus, which may be worked by 


steam, by water, or by gas, as a moving 
power,” consiSts in a new arrangement 
and combination of parts, and apparatus 
already known and in use (in those 
machines. usually denominated rotary 
steam-engines, or steam-wheels,) with- 
out claiming any of the parts of the 
apparatus individually; but only the 

general 


1822.] 


general combination thereof, as consti- 
tuting a machine or apparatus capable 
of being employed with advantage as a 
moving power to actuate machinery in 
general by the power of steam or water, 
or gas. 


To Mr. JOHN BARTON, 0f Silver-street, 
in the City of London, Civil Engi- 
neers for certain Improvements in 
Pistons. 

This invention is intended to dimi- 
nish friction, and secure durability ; 
and is applicable to all kinds of pistons, 
to prevent the escape of steam, air, 
water, or any other fluid, and likewise 
to prevent its escape by the piston-rod. 

The improved metallic pistons will 
be found, says the Patentee, inestimable 
in all concerns where it is an object to 
avoid delay, mines, water-works, brew- 
eries, steam-vessels, draining land, and 
in all engines and pumps where hard 
and constant work is required. In 
mines the saving of time and expense 
will be ane nint, as it will be a double 
advantage, not only in the engine, but 
in the buckets in the shafts, and will 
not require a tenth of the stoppages for 
repairs, as on the present system. In 
steam-vessels above a fourth of fuel 
will be saved, with much greater safety 
to the vessels; and where there are two 
engines, above a mile an hour will be 
gained in speed, and the fatal conse- 
quences attending explosion in a great 
measure obviated. 


To JosEPH MAIN, esq. of Bagnio- 
court, Newgate-street, London, for 
certain improvements on Wheeled 
Carriages. 

Mr. Main’s invention consists of a 
new method of attaching the body of a 
coach, chariot, gig, or other vehicle to 
its frame or carriage, by means of levers 
springs, straps, and other appendages, 
so disposed in form and position, as to 
throw the whole weight of the load into 
the centre; that is, if the vehicle be 
constructed to go upon two wheels, the 
weight of the body is thrown exactly 
into the centre between the wheels, and 
directly over the axle-tree ; if the car- 
riage have four or more wheels, the 
weight is thrown into the central point 
between the several wheels; or else 
equally divided between the central 
points between the several pairs of 
wheels. By this contrivance the erect 
and horizontal position of the body is, 
at all times, preserved, and its motions 
kept parallel to the position in which it 
was first suspended, so that, whether the 


New Patents and Mechanical Inventions. 


243 


load be placed in the centre, or on either . 
side, the body cannot hang uneven. 

To keep the body from rising to an 
inconvenient height, by sudden jolts, 
and to prevent too much strain upon 
the springs, by the load being placed 
too forward, or too backward, the lower 
part of the body is braced to the axle- 
tree, by straps from the four extreme 
corners of the under-side of the body ; 
these straps being sufficiently loose to 
admit of the several parts having their 
proper play. 

When this invention is applied to 
earriages already built, with wheels in 
the ordinary situation, and the intro- 
duction of the swivel-bar may not be 
convenient, its place is to be supplied 
hy astrong spring, crossing the carriage 
in the same direction as the swivel-bar ; 
upon the middle of this spring is to be 
placed a long spring, with its bearing- 
bar, and all the other apparatus; or | 
the long spring may he fixed upon the 
ordinary axletree; but, in this case, 
lever carriages may be attached to the 
shafts, or otherwise, as most couvenient. 

The description ahove given, relates 
only to the application of this inven- 
tion to a gig or one-horse chaise; it 
will, however, be readily perceived, 
that the same contrivance is applicable 
to other vehicles: for, supposing the 
figures represented to be carriages run- 
ning upon four wheels instead of two, 
the whole operative part of the appa- 
ratus, viz. the levers, with their sup- 
ports, the swivel-bar, the bearing-bar, 
&c. as described, would need no alter- 
ation, excepting as to strength. 

If the load is required to be disposed 
over the centres of several pairs of 
wheels, it is proposed to apply distinct 
sets of the above apparatus to each pair, 
still adhering to the principle of throw- 
ing the weight into the centre-line, 
between the wheels of the carriage, by 
which the springs will be equally acted 
upon, whether the wheels are all upon 
level ground, or any one of them ele- 
vated or depressed; by thus keeping 
the centres of gravity in the centres 
between the wheels, the risk of over- 
turning is evidently removed ; and the 
capability of traversing roads, which, 
by reason of ruts, are nearly impassable 
to ordinary carriages, is, by means of 
the close situation of the wheels, upon 
the improved principle, effected. 

The patentee, in his specification 
observes. ** in all vehicles, with two or 
more wlieels, it is desirable to throw 
the Joad, as much as possible, into the 

eentre, 


244 


centre, between those wheels; and 

therefore, in the above description, I 

have endeavoured to shew how effec- 

tually this may be done by my afore- 
said invention. But, in some cases, it 
may be necessary to bring the pressure 
of the load as low down as possible, 
and to equalize it between the two sides 
of the carriage, so as to cause one to 
balance the other. This is particularly 
the case in the attempts which have 
been made to construct vehicles with 
one wheel only, in which there is no- 
thing to maintain the erect position of 
the vehicle, but the attachment of the 
shafts to the horse’s body, and preserv- 
ing as correct an equilibrium as_possi- 
ble on either side of the wheel. My 
invention of cross levers is particularly 
applicable to this purpose.’”’—London 

Journal. 

To Mr. JouN REEDHEAD, of Hey- 
worth, Durham, and WM. PARRY, 
of East Lane, Walworth, Surrey, 
for certain Improvements in Propell- 
ing Vessels. 

These improvements consist of two 
parts, first in the employment of several 
pairs of paddle-wheels for the purpose 
of propelling ships, boats, barges, &c. ; 
and secondly, in a mode of enclosivg 
or shutting up the said paddle-wheels 
in tempestuous weather; by which the 
ship, boat, or barge may be converted 
into an ordinary vessel to be then pro- 
pelled by canvas sails to be acted upon 
by the wind. 

The wheels are made to revolve by 
means of a steam-engine or other first 
mover: by the paddles dipping into 
the stream which flows freely through 
the channel, the resistance of the water 
propels the vessel forward. It will be 
seen that the channels are open fore 
and aft, for the purpose of giving free 
ingress and egress to the water. But, 
in the event of stormy weather, or a 
high and rolling sea, these apertures 
are to be closed by sluice-gates, or slid- 
ing shutters; and, if necessary, the 
water is pumped out of the channels; 
by which means the wheels are closed 
in and put out of operation. The ves- 
sel then becomes, externally, the same 
as a sailing packet, and which, by sett- 
ing canvass, may be propelled by the 
power of the wind upon its sails: under 
these circumstances it will be found as 
perfectly safe at sea in stormy weather 
as any other sailing vessel of the ordi- 
nary construction. 

The specification concludes thus: 
* we have described the said water 


New Patents und Mechanical Inventions. 


channels as passing through the hull} 
of the vessel; but, under some circum- 
stances, it may be found desirable te 
form trunks on the outside of the ves- 
sel, open at both ends, for the purpose 
of working the paddie-wheels therein, 
as above described. As we employ 
several pairs of propellers, we connect 
all the wheels on one side together by 
means of rods and cranks upon their 
axles; and all the wheels on the other 
side by tlhe same means, so as to com- 
municate the motion of the first pair 
to all the rest. We do not, however, 
confine ourselves to this or any other 
mode of connecting the wheels toge- 
ther so as to put them all in action, but 
employ geer, ora train of wheels, or 
any other means, none of which we 
claim as new or forming part of our 
invention.”’—London Journal. 


LIST OF PATENTS FOR NEW INVENTIONS. 

To John Hague, of Great Pearl-street, 
Spitalfields, engineer ; for a method of mak- 
ing metzllic pipes, tubes, or cylinders, by the 
application and arrangement in the appara- 
tus of certain machinery and mechanical 
powers.— Jan. 29, 1822. 

To Sir William Congreve, of Cecil-street, 
Strand, for certain improved methods of 
multiplying fac-simile impressions to any ex- 
tent. Jun. 29. 

To Peter Ewart, of Manchester, civil en- 
gineer, for a new method of making coffer- 
dams.—Jan. 29. 

To Robert Bill, of’Newman-street, Saint 

Mary-le-bone, for an improved method of 
manufacturing metallic tubes, cylinders, cones 
or of other forms, adapted to the construction, 
and for the construction of the masts, yards, 
booms, bowsprits, or casks, or for any other 
purposes to which they may be applicable.— 
Feb. 5. 
*. To Frederick Lewis Tatton, of New Bond- 
street, watchmaker, for an astronomical in- 
strument or watch, by which the time of the 
day, the progress of the celestial bodies, as 
well as carriages, horses, or other animals, 
may be correctly ascertained. Partly com- 
municated to him by a foreigner residing 
abroad.— Feb. 9. 

To Thomas Brunton, of the Commercial 
Road, Chain-cable and Anchor manufacturer, 
for an improvement or improvements upon 
the anchor.—Feb. 12. 

To John Frederick Smith, of Dunston-hall, 
Chesterfield, esq. for improvements in dress- 
ing of piece goods made from silk or worst- 
ed, or of both these materials.—- Feb. 12. 

To Elisha Peck, of Liverpool, merchant, 
for certain machinery to be worked by water, 
applicable to the moviny of mills, and other 
machinery, of various descriptions, or for 
forcing or pumping water. Communicated 
to him by Ralph Bulkley, of New York.— 
Feb, 22. 


VARIETIES, 


1822.] [ 


245 


VARIETIES, LITERARY AND PHILOSOPHICAL, 
Including Notices of Works in Hand, Domestic and Foreign. 
ee 


EVERAL remains of Egyptian sta- 
J tuary, sarcophagi, altars, columns, 
friezes, &c. have been recently brought 
to the British Museum, from Thebes, 
Memphis, and other parts of the Egyp- 
tian empire. They are at present dis- 
persed in the Museum, till a receptacle 
is formed, for their classification and 
better disposition, worthy of their me- 
rit, and adequate to the taste displayed 
in their selection. 
There are in a Room beneath the 
Building, 

A Typhonic statue, imperfect, in as 
much, as the right elbow and both the 
feet are wanting, holds the lotus stem 
in full blossom: remains of an ellip- 
tical globe crown the head. 

A piece of rough Egyptian, or Ethi- 
opian marble, apparently part of a frieze, 
covered over on one surface with hiero- 
glyphics in the running-hand of that 
character. 

A portion of a frieze of a temple, 
(red granite.) its interior or projecting 
underside with figures in high relief, 
among. which a vessel brim full of 
water, dropping its contents, being 
super-cliarged with abundance ; exte- 
rior surface covered with linear sym- 
bols. 

Remains of a colossal female statue, 
in white lime stone or marble, includ- 
ing the bust, to middle of waist. A 
leaf of Jotus, ornaments her forehead ; 
beautiful workmanship, and finely ex- 
pressive of Ethiopian beauty. 

A figure in Egyptian lime-stone, or 
white coarse marble, representing a 
body swathed for vest or for a funeral. 

A lower portion, containing the legs 
of a red granite statue. 

A piece of yellow marble, apparently 
from age, which seems to have consti- 
tuted one of the sides of a votive altar, 
with a portion of three diminutive 
naked figures, in basso relievo, carved 
in a square on its surface, imperfect, 
from being broken, Some Coptic cha- 
racters inscribed. 

Remains of a male colossal statue 
from the head down to the bottom of 
thorax. The root of Jotus ornaments 
the forehead, 

A remnant of pedestal of a statue, 
with remains of left foot, finely. exe- 
ected in red marble, or a very fine 
silicious stone: border aueibed with 
hieroglyphics, 


A head of a finely carved female 
statue of large proportion. 

The trunk of a female figure, deli- 
cately proportioned, apparently the 
produce of a Greek chisel. 

In a small Court behind the chief Build- 
ing, and by the side of the Athenian 
Gallery, there are 
Fifteen remnants of female Typlonic 

statues, all charged with stems of the 
blowing lotus, in the one hand, and 
having in the other hand the Tau or 
nilo meter, of nearly as many different 
proportions, and quite dissimilar as to 
remaining portions of the figure. 

Two Egyptian or Ethiopic graces, 
(charities) with either of them, alter- 
nately having thrown their hands and 
arms behind the shoulders of its fel- 
lows, (in red granite.) 

A red granite head of an Egyptian 
youth. 

Remnant of a very large colossal head, 
perhaps a portion of a statue; the face 
is about four feet long by three broad, 
and its members proportionate, and 
delicately beautiful. 

Another colossal head of same mate- 
rial. 

Four remnants ef clustered columns, 
each formed of eight smaller ditto, like 
the pipes of an organ, ensculptured 
with nieroglyphics. And various other 
remnants too numerous to describe. 

In the Entrance Hall there are 

Two statues of male Typhons, sitting 
on thrones, with Tau in lefthand, which 
their knees support; heads crowned 
with elliptical globes, (black granite.) 

An immense colossal head of nearly 
the same proportion with that already 
described, of singular beauty, (red 
granite.) 

A female statue of ordinary prepor- 
tion, with the head of a Jupiter: Ammon 
upon her knees, her throne has many 
hieroglyphics, (lime stone apparently 
is the material of which it is made.) 

An Ethiopian head of large propor- 
tion, beautifulcountenance (white mar- 
ble.) 

An Egyptian sorceress, in a crouching 


attitude, sitting upon her heels; her 


mantle covered with symbols, or hiero- 
glyphical figures, (Bysall.) 

A considerable circular vessel, about 
three inches deep, border inscribed 
with symbolical characters. 

A considerable sized Egyptian (red 

granite, ) 


246 


granite.) coffin, with its usual lid, hav- 
ing a carved resemblance of the person 
whom it contained, covered with hiero- 
glyphics, very imperfect from the effect 
of weather. 


Towards the end of April, or early 
in May, will be published in royal 4to, 
(illustrated by twenty-four engravings) 
The Fossils of the South Downs, or 
Illustrations of the Geology of Sussex. 
By GipEon MANTELL, F.L.S. member 
of the Geological Society, &e. This 
work will contain interesting particu- 
lars of the course, position, and geo- 
logical relations of the plastic and 
London clay, chalk, blue marl, or 
galt, green sand, weald clay, Sussex 
marble, and iron sand; and a minute 
description of a very extensive series 
of organic remains, many of which 
have not been previously noticed. The 
researches of Mr. Mantel) have brought 
to light an important group of strata, 
which in its physical characters resem- 
bles the Purbeck beds, but in the nature 
of the organic remains is more nearly 
related to the Stonesfield slate. These 
strata contain the bones, teeth, and 
scales of a monitor of gigantic magni- 
tude; the bones and plates of several 
species of tortoise, or turtle; the stems, 
&e. of vegetables of the palm tribe; 
the remains of shell-fish, and of several 
unknown animals. The fossils of the 
Sussex chalk, hitherto but little known, 
have also received considerable eluci- 
dation. Mr. Mantell has been able to 
identify the remains of eighteen differ- 
ent kinds of fishes; fifty species of 
shells; a delicate and beautiful species 
of crustaceous animal (which he has 
named Astacus Leachii,) and numerous 
genera and species of zoophytes. 

That ingenious mechanist, Mr. AP- 
PLEGATH, ‘is about to apply one of 
those inventions by which he proposed 
to improve Bank notes, to book print- 
ing. His first experiment will he 
made on a work of general circulation, 
Mitchell’s Universal Catechist. As a 
book in question and answer, the mo- 
notonous effect of the page will be re- 
lieved by the questions being in red 
and the answers in d/ack ; and it merits 
notice that both colours are produced 
at the same instant by one machine, 
The volume will,therefore,be acuriosity 
in typography independent of its su- 
periority as a book of general instruc- 
tion. 

Sacred Lyrics; by JAMES EDMES- 
TON, vol 3, will shortly appear. 


Literary and Philosophical Intelligence. 


In our last Number we noticed Mr. 
Thelwall’s recent publication “ The 
Poetical Recreations of the Champion.”’ 
From the manner in which we felt our- 
selves called upon to speak of that 
work, it will be readily believed that 
we rejoice to find that he has once more 
resolved to cultivate the Muses, At 
the end of that volume a brief sketch 
is presented, accompanied by some spe- 
cimens of a national poem, which, he 
there informs us, has been thirty years 
in meditation, and to which it seems 
he is now assiduously devoting what- 
ever portions of his time can be spared 
from his professional engagements. 
We are promised a specimen of this 
Epic, which we hope to introduce in our 
next Number, 

Mr. CHARLES Dugpotrs, of King- 
street, Covent Garden, will have to sub- 
mit by auction in the course of the 
present season an unpublished collec- 
tion of poems by the author of the 
Seasons, in his own hand writing. 
Amongst them is,a version of the 104th 
Psalm, so much commended by his 
divinity tutor, Mr. Hamilton; a curi- 
ous elegy in the Scottish dialect, the 
only known specimen of Thomson’s 
writing in that style, and a Poetical 
epistle to Sir William Bennet of Ches- 
ter, his early friend and patron. The 
manuscript was presented by Thomson 
to Mallet, who was at that time tutor 
to Lord George Graham, shortly after 
the poet’s arrival in Londou, te whom 
he had a letter of introduction. TheEarl 
of Buchan has verified the hand writ- 
ing by a comparison with those pieces 
in his possession, and has kindly sent 
a fac-simile of the song, beginning with 
“ For ever fortune wilt thou prone, &¢.”’ 

The Account is printing of a Jour- 
ney, undertaken in the year 1820, into 
the Oasis of Siwah, with maps, plans, 
and views of all the most interesting 
objects that are found in that district, 
principally with a view to ascertaining 
the Site of the Temple of Ammon; by 
A. Linant. To this will be added 
views and particulars collected in the 
Desert of Mount Sinai; including de- 
tails of some considerable Egyptian 
remains found there, and many hiero- 
glyphical inscriptions, now brought 
thence for the first time, being the re- 
sult of a journey made through that 
country, by the same traveller. 

The Life and Correspondence of 
BrsHOP HORSLEY is preparing for 
publication, by his Son, in an octavo 
volume. " 

The 


[ April 1, 


1822.] 


The long announced biography of 
Public Men of all Nations Living in 
1822, will appear in April, and be em- 
bellished with 150 spirited engraved 
portraits. It will form three volumes 
somewhat larger than Debrett’s Peer- 
age, and may be regarded as the peer- 
age of talents and genius in every walk 
of life. 

The proposed editions of Bibles, Tes- 
tamnents, and Prayer Books, with 300 
engravings, may be expected about 
May 1. The small price of ls. 6d. 
Ys. 6d. and 5s. which will be charged 
for such extensive embellishments, 
will, of course, occasion these editions 
to supersede all others. 

The northern Society for the encou- 
ragement of the Fine Arts, established 
in Leeds, have announced their inteu- 
tion of opening their rooms, for the 
exhibition of pictures and other works 
‘of art, on Wednesday, the first of May. 
Pictures, &c. intended for the exhibi- 
tion will be received from the eighth 
to the fifteenth of April. In order to 
promote the objects of the society to 
their fullest extent, it is their in- 
tention, to erect a building particularly 
adapted to the purposes of exhibition. 

Mr. O’ConnoR’S Chronicles of Eri, 

of which we gave an interesting pros- 
pectus in our last, will appear in April. 
We hope in our next to be able to in- 
troduce to our readers a fae simile of 
the roll of the laws, for the general gra- 
tification of the literati of all Europe. 
- The next Number of the Journal of 
Voyages and Travels will contain 
POUQUEVILLE’S Travels in the present 
Theatre of War in Greece, with a map. 
The last Number gave the Wreck of 
the Sophia on the Coast of Africa, one 
of the most interesting narratives of its 
kind that has been published. This 
Journal has now advanced to six vo- 
lumes, containing forty several works 
of recent voyages and travels no where 
else to be met with. 

In the press, and speedily will be 
published, a new edition of Mr. HALL’s 
Apology for the Freedom of the Press. 

Speedily will be published, an Itine- 
rary of Provence and the Rhone, with 
etchings, by Joun HuGues, Esq. A.M. 
of Oriel College, Oxford. 

Dr. CAREY has in the press a small 
edition of Quintilian, de Institutione 
Oratorid, as a part of the Regent’s 
Pocket Classics. ; 

A work on the Statute and Criminal 
Law of England, is preparing, by Joun 
MILLER, Esq. of Lincoln's Inn, 8vo. 


Literary and Philosophical Intelligence. 


247 


Cataline; a Tragedy, in five acts; 
with other Poems, will be published in 
a few days, by the Rev. G. CRoBy, 
A.M. author of Paris in 1515, Angel of 
the World, &c. &c. 

Mr. JOHN WAINWRIGHT. of Shef- 
field, is preparing for publication, in 
two quarto volumes, an Historical and 
Topographical View of the Wapentake 
of Strafferd and Tickhill, in Yorkshire. 

JOHN GAGE, Esq. is preparing the 
History and Antiquities of Hengrave, 
in Suffolk, in a royal quarto volume, 
with portraits and other engravings. 

Mr. Dawson TURNER is preparing 
a splendid work. containing fac-similes 
of the hand-writing of one thousand of 
the most eminent characters in Eng- 
land, from an early period, with short 
biographical notices, and some portraits. 

The first part of the Memoirs of the 
ASTRONOMICAL Society of LONDON 
will appear in a few weeks. 

Wm. WorpswortH, Esq. has two 
poetical works in the press; the Me- 
morials of a Tour on the Continent, 
and Ecclesiastical Sketches. 

The Rev. I. TAYLOR will soon pub- 
lish, in a duodecimo volume, Scenes in 
England, illustrated by 84 engravings. 

Sermons and Miscellaneous Pieces 
by the Rev. Rost. WYNELL Mayow, 
with a memoir, will soon appear. 

A translation of Abbe de Pradt’s 
work on Europe and America in 1821, 
will be published in a few wevks. 

A new edition will speedily be pub- 
lished of the Christian’s Duty, collected 
entirely from the Scriptures. 

Mr. FARMER has in the press, a new 
edition of his work on Head-aches and 
Indigestion, with considerable additions 
and improvements. 

WiuuiAM Litiy’s Memoirs of his 
own Life and Times, illustrated with 
numerous portraits of eminent Astro- 
logers, &c. are reprinting. 

A work, called Revolutionary Causes, 
with a brief notice of some late publi- 
cations, and a_ Postscript containing 
Strictures on Cain, will soon appear. 

Mr. THOMAS TREDGOLD, the au- 
thor of a most useful treatise on car- 
pentry, timber, the dry rot, &c. &c. 
has now in the press a small work, in- 
tended to supply to engineers, mecha- 
nics, and builders, a great desideratum, 
viz. easy rules and tables, for computing 
the requisite dimensions, and _ the 
strength of cast-iron, when applied in 
beams, columns, pipes, &c. &c. as is 
every day becoming more common, 
and more useful to the public. 

Shortly 


248 


Shortly will be published, in two 
volumes octavo, a Poetical translation 
of Voltaire’s Maid of Orleans, being 
the first time it has appeared in English 
metre. This arduous undertaking is 
illustrated by copious Notes of the 
translator, Mr. W. H. IRELAND, Mem- 
ber of the Atheneum at Paris. 

In the press, the fifth, being the con- 
cluding part of a series of Views in Sa- 
voy and Switzerland, and on the Rhine ; 
engraved in mezzotinta, from drawings 
made on the spot, by JOHN DENNIS, 
and accompanied with letter-press. 

Messrs. T. KeEywortH and D. 
JONES, are preparing a second edition 
of Principia Hebraica, in two pocket 
volumes, to be sold separately. One 
volume to contain the grammar revised 
—the other volume to comprise a gramn- 
matical analysis of three hundred verses, 
taken from the Psalms, together with a 
selection of single words, classed ac- 
cording to their forms, and containing 
every common root not in the three 
hundred verses. Suggestions for the 
improvement of the work are respect- 
fully solicited, and may be sent post 
paid to the publishers. 

The Rev. N. J. HOLLINGSWORTH, 
will speedily publish a new and en- 
larged edition of his Defenceof the Doc- 
trine and Worship of the Church of 
England, in a Series of Letters ad- 
dressed to the Rev. John Lingard. 

The Rev. R. W. BAMFORD, of Tri- 
nity College, Cambridge, late superin- 
tendent of the Blue-coat Hospital, at 
Liverpool, has in the press a work, en- 
titled Essays on the Discipline of Chil- 
dren, particularly as regards their edu- 
cations. 

Mr. CHARLES PHILLIPS is printing 
an enlarged edition of his Speeches, in 
one volume, octavo ; and also a new 
edition of his Recollections of Curran, 
and some of his contemporaries. 

Proposals have been circulated in 
London for publishing by subscription, 
an Historical, Chronological, and Geo- 
graphical American Atlas, containing 
Maps of North and South America, with 
all theirdivisions into states,kingdoms, 
&c., on the plan of Le Sage; intended 
as a companion to Lavoisne’s Atlas. It 
will contain fifty-three maps, all of 
which will be well executed from the 
best and most recent authorities. 

Shortly will be published, Popery 
the Mystery of Babylon, or the Abomi- 
nation of the Church of Rome, by a 
beneficed Clergyman of the Church of 
England and a graduate of Cambridge. 


Lilerary and Critical Proemium. 


[April 1, 


Collections towards a History of an- 
cient Institutions, Customs, discoveries 
in Science, and Mechanical inventions, 
selected and abridged from the Bey- 
trage zur Geschichte der Erfindungen 
of Professor Beckmann, of the univer- 
sity of Géttingen, with various impor- 
tant additions, are printing in London. 

New editions of the following works 
will speedily appear :—The Farmer’s 
Directory, and Guide to the Farrier, 
Grazier, and Planter, including valua- 
ble directions in domestic economy 3; 
with suitable plates—Tbe Panorama 
of Science and Art, by JAMES SMLTH, 
2 vols. octavo.—Also, by the same Au- 
thor, the Mechanic, or Compendium of 
Practical Inventions. 

Ina few days will be published, the 
Pharmaceutical Guide, containing a 
Latin Grammar, in which all the rules 
are illustrated by examples, selected 
from the London Pharmacopeia; and 
an interlineary translation of such 
formule in the Pharmacopeeia as have 
been found difficult to be comprehend- 
ed by some young medical students: 
to which is affixed a collection of words 
and phrases most frequently employed 
in prescriptions. 

The Spy; a tale of the Neutral 
Ground, by the author of “* Precaution,” 
in three volumes, will soon appear. 

Charles and Eugenia, or the Paternal 
Benediction, translated from the French 
of Madame de Renneville, will shortly 
be published. 

On the 19th of February, 1818, a 
party of gentlemen made an excursion 
in the mine of Hudgilburn, in Cumber- 
land, to view a cavern in the limestone 
rock there, discovered a short time 
previously. The length of the main 
chasm is three hundred and twenty 
yards. Evident signs would seem to 
prove that this cavern and all its com- 
municating fissures have been filled at 
no very distant period, with water, and. 
the probability is, it has been drained off 
by the adits in the inine, in which there 
runs a constant stream from some con- 
tiguous part of the works. 

Captain Vetch and Mr. Drummond, 
the engineer officers intrusted with the 
conduct of the Trigonometrical Survey 
in the north of Scotland, have finished 
their task in Orkney and Zetland, by 
establishing in those clusters of islands 
the several positions which serve to 
connect them with the main land of 
Scotland. . 

Shortly will be published in three 
volumes, Pargas: a Tale of Spain. 

An 


1822. 


Coenr de Lion, ov the Third Crusade, 
a Poem, in sixteen Books, by Miss 
ELBANOR AWNE PORDEN, author of 
the Veils, the Arctic Expeditions, &c. 
is in the press. 

_ The Scripture Character of God; or, 
Discourses on the Divine Attributes ; 
by H. F. Burpur, M.A. is in the press. 

An experiment was lately made tiiis 
year to try the difference between the 
spade and ihe plough. <A field was 
taken, which was in beans last year, 
and oats the year before two ridges 
were dug and two ploughed alternately, 
and the whole was sown on the same 
day ; a part both on the ploughed and 
dug being drilled with the garden hoe ; 
the whole was reaped the same day ; 
and being thrashed out, the result was, 
that the dug sown broadcast was to the 
ploughed sown broadcast as fifty-five to 
forty-two. The dug and drilled was 
as twenty and a quarter to twelve anda 
quarter, upon the ploughed and drilled. 
The additional grain is not the only 
beneficial result gained by digging, as 
in this instance there was also a great 
deal more straw, and the land was free 
from weeds. 

: FRANCE. 

M. Gamba, banker of Paris, has ter- 
minated his journeys through the pro- 
vinaces of Caucasus and Georgia, under- 
taken by order of the French govern- 
ment in 1820 and 2i. The numerous 
documents and articles which he has 
collected, ave valuable in their relation 

.to science, as weil as io commercial 
and manufacturing interests. He was 
constantly attended in his travels by 
his son, M. J. Gamba, lieutenant of 
dragoons, who has just arrived in Paris 
froin St. Petersburgh. 

The first public opening of the Con- 

-servatory of the Arts and Sciences, took 
place on the 8th of January, and the 

“sitting was terminated by M. J. B. 

‘Say, who spoke-as follows: 

_“ Gentlemen,—Be not deceived, industry 
and civilization are one and the same thing, 
What places us above the barbarous hordes 
that traverse the desert wilds of Africa and 
America? We have occasion to consume pro- 
ductions, and we have the talent to produce 
them. The arts derive their birth from our 
wants, and it is the arts which lay the foan- 
dation of social order. United, they give a 
relish for labour; teach us to respect justice ; 
and if they do not entirely repress the vices 
und natural’ferocity of man, they always 
diminish thei in a great degree, and correct 
their pernicious effeets. 

“Tf itis evident that the arts render us bet~ 
ier, it is still more so that they make us bap- 

MontTuLy Maa. No, 36G, 


Literary and Philosophical Intelligence. 


249 


pier. Next to the satisfaction which man de- 
tives from the consciousness that he has done 
to his family, to his country, to all men, that 
gocd which in bis situation depended on him, 
his happiuess in this world springs from the 
sentiment of his existence, and the greatest 
possible developement of his faculties ; and 
this existence is the more complete—tbese 
faculties are the more fully exercised, the 
more he produces and consumes. It is gene- 
rally overlooked that in setting bounds to our 
desires, we voluntarily reduce man nearer to 
the level of the brute. True it is, that ani- 
mils enjoy those gifts which heaven sends 
them, and are content without those which 
heaven refuses. The Creator has done more 
for man; in making him capable of increasing 
the number of his necessities and his plea- 
sures, he has permitted him to extend the 
circle of his enjoyments. Hence, we but con- 
cur in the great end of our creation, and raise 
the dignity of our nature, when we seek ra- 
ther to multiply our productions than to limit 
our desires. 

“ You have, doubtless, heard it deplored, 
that coffee, chocolate, and a thousand other 
superfluities have been introduced, which, 
say many, our forefathers could do very well 
without. They also did without shirts; yet 
we are better for having contracted the want 
of them, although it has laid us under the ne- 
cessity of making them; especially, when 
we consider that the weaver, by manufactur~ 
ing the linen, gains wherewith to procure 
himself other enjoyments of the same kind. 
I have never been able to understand for 
what reasonable end we should forbid our- 
selves those enjoyments, which so dar from in- 


uring other men, are beneficial to them: and 


what can be the merit of privations from 
which no good results ? 

“ But do not imagine that the products of 
industry limit their effects to the supplying of 
corporeal wants. If we are enabled to en- 
lighten our minds by scientific resources ; if 
we can traverse the earth and measure the 
heavens ; if we can communicate our thoughts 
in spite of distance or time; ifthe imaginative 
arts attract our admiration to their master- 
pieces; if poetry and the stage offer us pleas- 
ing recreations—it is to a flourishing industry 


that we owe all these advantages.- A thou- 


sand such examples pass beiore your eyes. 
You will, perhaps, learn better than you have 
hitherto done, how far we have advanced in 
civilization, and how much farther ‘we are yet 
capable of advancing. 

‘We meet in the world with men attacked 
by a species of hydrophobia against every kind 
of progress—men, who, being themselves in- 
capable of contributing to the advancement of 
the human mind, think that nothing has been 
done, nothing discovered, noihing cleared up. 
Admirers of the past, they are blind to the 
metits of the present, and would fain ravish 
from us our hopes of the future. Let us learn 
to despise their objections, which, in the 
words of Montesquieu; haye no foundation 

21 but 


250) 


but in thelr facility of talking and incapa- 

city for eramining. Let us march forward ; 

let us advance in the presence of those who 

exclaim against advancenient ; this is the only 

answer worthy of them and of us.” 
GERMANY. 

MM. Spix and Martius, who have 
lately returned from a voyage to the 
Brazils, are preparing a detailed ac- 
count of their observations, which will 
be published at the expense of the 
King of Bavaria, with charts, plans, 
&c. The plants which these naturalists 
have collected in Brazil and sent to 
Munich, form already a section of the 

rand Botanical Garden. The king 
1as been pleased to confer on both of 
them the decoration of the order of the 
Bavarian Crown. 
ITALY. 

M. Scamarella, a Venetian geome- 
trician, announces in the Gazette of 
Venice of 23d November, that he has 
solved the problem of the quadrature 
-of the circle, and that he is ready to 
demonstrate it incontrovertibly to all 
the mathematicians in the world. Ac- 
cording to M. Scamarella, the super- 
ficies of a circle is equal to the square of 
the proportional between the diameter 
of the circle and a line equal to three- 
fourths of the same diameter. It is 
also equal to the square of the circum- 

ference multiplied by half the radius, 
estimating their ratio as seven to 
‘twenty-one, and not as seven to twenty- 
two. 

SWITZERLAND. 

In spite of its detractors, and the 
hostile insinuations made against it, 
-the system of mutual instruction is 
constantly making fresh progress. In 
.the course of the last year, Lancasterian 
schools have been established in the 
‘towns of Carouge and Versoix, and in 
‘the communes of Lancy, Perly, Cer- 
toux, Menier, and Cholec. The govern- 
ment, ever ready to favour useful un- 
dertakings, has liberally supplied the 
wants of these new institutions, the 
henefit.of which it designs to extend 
successively to every part of the canton. 


Report of Chemistry and Experimental Philosophy. 


[April }, 
The extensive building recently erected 
in the court of the college of Geneva, 
is capable of holding from three to four 
hundred scholars. 

GREECE. 

The city of Agwadi or Kydoniais, 
destroyed by the Turks, in July, 1821, 
in consequence of an insurrection ex- 
cited by the Hydriot Flotilla, was found- 
ed only about fifty years ago, by a 
Greek ecclesiastic, named Johannes 
Oikonomos. It was then a poor village 
with four or five hundred inhabitants. 
Oikonomos, a protegée of the famous 
banker, Petraski, obtained a firman 
from the Porte, which appointed him 
waywole of the village, with a power 
to prohibit any Turk of distinction 
from residing there. He was allowed 
also to organize a municipal adminis- 
tration, with a proviso that the Porte 
should send a Cadi or Turkish Judge. 
Oikonomos introduced a number of 
Greeks from the Archipelago, and with 
order and good management, commerce 
and the arts flourished. The city con- 
tained nearly 30,000 inhabitants, not 
including many thousand strangers, 
domiciliated for a short period, and all 
Greeks, Jews, and Armenians, were not 
admitted. Within the city were 3000 
houses, built of stone. There was a 
college or school for 300 young persons, 
with twenty-four soap manufactories, 
thirty-six oil mills, and a number. of 
other trading establishments. |The 
people elected three Gerontes or sena- 
tors, nine Proesti, or principal citizens, 
and two Grammatikoi, or secretaries, 
who formed the Moinos, or municipal 
council. But the inhabitants growing 
rich, plunged into vice and extrava- 
gance, and were so basely ungrateful 
as to denounce to the Porte, the gener- 
ous Oikonomos, as acting the despot. 
That extraordinary character died in 
1791, of grief, or, as some say, of poi- 
son. Such was this little Greek re- 
public, flourishing and considerable, 
till ina premature attempt to be inde- 
pendent of the Porte, it was involved 
in complete destruction. 


REPORT OF CHEMISTRY AND EXPERIMENTAL PHILOSOPHY, 
——<=_P—— 


LATE examination by Mr. FaRE£vy, of 

the north-western slope of the Snow- 
donian range of mountains in the vicinity of 
Bangor, enables us to state, that there is here 
none of that mantle-shape to the superficial 
strata, or lapping of the rocks round a pro- 
jJecting ceatral mass, which too sanguine 


theorists have assumed to be almost almost 
universal. The valuable strata of roofing- 
slate, for which Carnarvonshire has long been 
famous, have been the object of Mr. Farey’s 
particular research, whence it appears, that 
these rocks ‘constitute a series of at least a 
dozen thick rocks of slate properly so ions 

rom 


1822.] 


from their lamillar character, interlaid by 
various other thick rocks of a massive and 
stony character, most of them not at all la- 
minated, and which latter rock have there- 
fore, along with very numerous others com- 
posing the bulk of Wales, been often impro- 
perly denominated slafe-rocks ;_ grey-wacke 
slate rocks, some would now call them, but 
Mr. Farey, though disapproving the use of 
the term slate in this case, still adheres to the 
name given by him in 1811 to rocks of a si- 
milar character in Charnwood Forest, viz. 
coarse slate, The breadth of surface made 
by the slate series is not less than two miles ; 
the bridge over the Ogwen at Ogwen Bank, 
near the great Penrhyn Slate Quarries, at 
five miles SE. by S. of Bangor, stands upon 
or near to the south-eastern limit of this 
series, near where this limit crosses the new 
parliamentary road from London to Holy- 
head ; and a new bridge on this road, over 
the Ogwen, at two miles and a half SE. from 
Bangor, stands on the most north-western 
rock of thisseries. 

The range of this series of strata north- 
ward from the Ogwen, is nearly N.NE.; but 
in the contrary direction this range is near 
SW. by S. owing to a slight curvature of the 
strata, amounting to about 13°, where they 
cross the vale of Ogwen. The dip is very 
rapid or steep, appearing almost upright in 
some places near the south-eastern part of 
this series, but in proceeding thence north- 
westward, there appears a general tendency 
to a decrease of the dip, which continues to 
the coast, near to which the dip does not in 
places exceed J in 1, or 45°, and the direction 
of this dip, seems invariably to the sowth- 
eastward, whereby these strata appear to pass 
in under the Snowdonian mountains. 

This same direction in the dip of the coarse 
slate rocks, seems, with a very few local ex- 
ceptions, to continue from Ogwen Bank, 
along the line of the parliamentary road, past 
Corwen and Llangollen, to where this vast 
coarse slate series passes under the uncon- 
Jormable rocks of the coal series, near to the 
great Pont-y-Cyssylte aqueduct. In like man- 
ner, from near Bangor north-westward, the 
same direction of dip of the coarse slate se- 
ries to the south-eastward continues, perhaps 
with some trifling local exceptions, across 
Anglesea, having on its surface, two lengthen- 
ed hollowsin a NE. and SW. direction nearly : 
one of which hollows or troughs, on the 
coarse slate, nearly coincides with the Menui, 
and the other with the Cefni river, in which 
hollows, unconformable portions of the coal 
series are seen, underlaid by the limestones 
of that important series. The Anti-Smithian 
Subscription Map, published in May, 1820, 
is, as to these points, pronounced by Mr. 
Farey to be exceedingly erroneous, and in 
nowise answering the high expectations which 
were previously raised concerning it, or justi- 
fying the encomiums which some of its rever- 
end partizans are in the lybit, of bestowing 
upop it, The colours of the slate in the 


Report of Chemistry and Experimental Philosophy. 


251 


Carnarvonshire, slate series are very various ; 
usually they are distinguished into blue, pur- 
ple, green and red: the former is in fact a 
grey purple, others are blueish and reddish 
purple, grey light green, and bright or cherry 
red. Nearly all the slate here raised, seems 
very durable; but that from the blue or 
highest rock of the series, is in the greatest 
repute, not merely for its colour, but the 
flatness and thinness of its lamina, which 
yet are not apt to separate spontaneously on 
exposure to the weather. 

M. Bizto of Venice, says, “ in repeating 
the beautiful experiment of Brugnatelli on 
the colouring matter of coffee, I observed 
that when a drop of the infusion or decoction 
of the grain fell upon a piece of cloth, it 
formed a yellow spot surrounded with a beau- 
tiful green border. 1 attributed this green co- 
lour to the oxidation of the oil of coffee. In 
order to fix that colour I boiled a hectogram- 
me of coffee powder and reduced the decoc- 
tion to eight hectogrammes. I added an 
equal quantity of sulphate of copper dissolved 
in water, and used as a precipitate a solution 
of caustic soda. A deposit was formed weigh- 
ing 105 grammes, which, on drying in the air, 
took a green colour; the more it was exposed 
to the air while it remained humid, the brighter 
the colour became. Water, ether, alcohol 
and the alkaline subcarbonates had no effect 
on the colour. Ammonia indicated the pre- 
sence of copper; caustic potash changed it 
to sky blue, and took itself a green colour ; 
caustic soda did not alter it, and received but 
a slight tinge of the green. The deposit, 
which is a true lac, resists acids sufficiently 
well, and, with the exception of the sulphuric 
and oxalic, no others destroy the colour to- 
tally. Acetic acid in dissolving this lac pro- 
duces a solution of a much finer green. 

Mr. Jonx Murray has published some 
curious observations on the temperature of a 
room indicated by two thermometers at di ffer- 
ent altitudes. Two thermometers being 
placed one on the floor, and the other sus- 
pended 6} feet above it, between the 5th and 
24th of November, indicated differences ot 
from 1} to 5°, the greater heat being in that 
6} feet above the floor. He says that 
Breguet’s Thermometre Metallique, in a 
still room without a fire, in the summer 
months, readily communicated the difference 
in temperature between the floor and a chair, 
and between this last and the table. 

Captain Basit Haut, states that oceulta- 
tions of the stars by the moon are easily dis- 
cernible at sea; and that he himself has 
made several observations of this kind. This 
mode of determining the longitude would be 
much preferable to that by the eclipses of 
Jupiter’s satellites, 

Dr. SzrBEcK has communicated to the 
Academy of Sciences at Berlin, in three dif- 
ferent sittings; a discovery on the magnetic 
phenomena inherent in all metals and many 
earths, according to the difference of the de- 
grees of heat. 

BRITISH 


[ 252 ] 


BRITISH LEGISLATION. 


ACTS PASSED 7n the FSRST YEAR of the REIGN of GEORGE THE FOURTH, ov in : 
the SECOND SESSION of the SEVENTH PARLIAMENT of the UNITED KINGDOM. | 


AP. CX. For repealing the Duties 

imposed on Husbandry Horses, and 
to make perpetual several Acts for ve- 
ducing the Duties on certain Hor-es and 
Mules. 

CAP. CXI. Yo. empower the Cum- 
missioners in Great Britain for the Ex- 
ecution of several Acts for authorizing 
the Issue of Exchequer Bills for carry- 
ing on of Public Works and Fisheries, 
and Employment of the Poor, to extend 
the Time for the Payment of certain 
Advances under the said Acts. 


CAP. CXII. To grant, for the Term 
of Five Years, additional Stamp Du- 
ties on certain Proceedings in the Courts 
cf Law, and to repeal certain other 
Stamp Duties in Ireland. 

CAP CXIUL—To continue several 
Acts for the Relief of Persons com- 
pounding for Assessed Taxes from an 
annual Assessment, for a further Term; 
and to amend the Acts relating to As- 
sessments and Compositions of Assessed 
Taxes. 

I. Assessments for the Year ending Sth 
April, 1822, to remain to the same Amount 
if compounded for, in respect of Windows 
and Houses for Six Years, and in respect 
of the other Assessed Taxes for Five Years. 

IV. No Composition shall be entered 
into or renewed under this Act, for any 
Duty or Duties of Assessed Taxes, other 
than the Duties on Dwelling Houses men- 
tioned in the Schedules of an Act passed in 
the Forty-eighth Year of the Reign of His 
late Majesty, marked (A. and B.;) and 
the other Duties of Assessed Taxes on the 
following Articles, forming the Establish- 
ments of the Persons or Person so com- 
pounding, and retained, employed, kept, 
and used for their, his, or her own Use, 
and not for or to the Use, Benefit, or Pro- 
fit of any other Person or Persons, or to 
be lent or let to hire: viz. the Duties on 
Servants mentioned in the Schedule of the 
said Act, and in the Schedule of another 
Act, passed in the Fifty-secoud Year of the 
Reign of His said late Majesty, marked 
(C.) No.1 and No. 2; on Carriages men- 
tioned in the Schedules of. the said Acts 
respectively, marked (D.) No. 1, No. 2, 
and No. 4; on Horses, Mares, and Geld- 
ings, mentioned in the Schedules of the 
said Acts respectively, marked (E.) No. 4 
and No. 3, and (F.) No. 1, whether such 
Horses, Mares, or Geldings are subject 
to the Rates mentioned in the said Acts, 
or to anyreduced Duty by any subsequent 


Act or Acts; on Dogs mentioned in the 


Schedule of the said Acts, marked (G.;) 
cn Persons in respect of using or Wearing 
Hair Powder, mentioned in the Schedule 
of the said Act, passed in the Forty-eighth 
Year of His late Majesty King George the 
Third, marked (1;) and on Persons in res- 
pect of using or wearing Armorial Bearings 
or Ensigns, mentioned in the Schedule of 
the said last mentioned Act, marked (K. ;) 
and every such Composition which shall 
comprise apy other Duty or Duties than 
the Duties enumerated, shall be yoid and 
of no Effect in respect of such other Duties, 
and for which the Party shall be subject to 
Assessment as if no such Composition had 
been entered into, accordiug to the Laws 
in force relating to such Assessments. 

Y. Persons assessed to the Duties on 
Houses for the Year ending the 5th April, 
1822, may compound on the Amount as- 
sessed in that Year, paying an additional 
Duty of 51. per Cent. 

Vi. Exception as to Taxes in respect of 
Articles kept for Trade, &e. 

VII. Compositions on Dwelling Houses 
to be renewed on the same Terms. 

VIII. Compounders on the other Assess- 
ed Taxes may renew the same on the 
Amount charged thereby, together with a 
further Duty of 51. per Cent. 

IX. Persons desirous of continuing their 
former Compositions to deliver their Con- 


tract or Copy with Notice before the Sth. 


April, 1822. 

X. Persons having Compounded and re- 
duced their Establishments may Compound 
de novo, on the Assessment of 1822, on 
Notice within Three Months, and a Re- 
turn. 


| April I, 


XI. Persons who, since Compounding. 


have succeeded to Estates and kept larger 
Establishments, excepted from the Benefit 
of Renewal, but may contract de novo on 
the next Year’s Assessment. Persons 
haying Compounded on a less Amount of 
Duty than ought to have been included, 
excepted from the Benefit of Renewal, but 
may contract de novo on the next Year’s 
Assessment. 

XVII. Compounders entitled to the like 
Privileges of opening Windows, increas- 
ing Establishment, &c. as under former 
Acts. 

XVHI. Compositions on Houses and on 
the other Assessed Taxes although in the 
same Contract, to be deemed distinct Com- 
positions, Compositions on the other As- 
sessed Taxes to include the whole Assess- 
ed. Persons Assessed in Two or more 
Places to deliver Certificates of the 

Amount ; 


1822.] 


Amount ; also those who have Compoundéd 
ia a diffe-ent Division than where they are 
entitled to Renew. Compositionson Houses 
may be Compounded for without including 
the other Taxes, and vice rersé, 

XIX. Compounders not liable to Penalty 
of Assessed Tax Acis, except Penalty for 
Concealment to evade Assessment of any 
Duty for the Year ending 5th April, 1822, 
or other Concealment to evade the Amount 
of Composition. 

&X Persons occupying Houses, or 
keeping Articles Compounded for by other 
Persons, or set up by other Persons under 
Colour of the Composition, to be liable to 
Duty. Intent to defraud, Treble the Amount 
of Duty... 

XXI. Persons procuring a Contract tobe 
entered into to a less Amount than ought 
to be included, the Contract to be veid, 
and the Offender to forfeit 501. 

XXII. Persovs having diminished their 
Establishment during their Residence out 
of Great Britain, or residing out of Great 
Britain, not entitled to Compound. 


Literary and Critical Proemium. 


ts 258 


[We do not know what amount of 
revenue has been antieipated by this 
complicated statute, but its provisions 
are, in truth, so complicated, that we 
should imagine very few persons could 
or would entangle themselves with it.] 

CAP. CXIV. For the Conveyance, 
Surrender, and Assignment of Estates 
in Bee, for Lives, or Terms of Years, 
which shall be vested in Trust, or by 
way of Mortzage, in Idiots and Luna- 
tics, not having been found such by In- 
quisition. 

CAP. CXV. Fo repeal so much of 
an Act, of the Fifth Year of the Reign 
of His late Majesty King George the 
Second, relating to Bankrupts, as re- 
quires the Meetings under Commissions 
of Bankrupt to be holden in the Guild- 
hall of the City of London; and for 
building Offices in the said City for the 
Meetings of the Commissioners; and 
for the more regular Transaction of 
Businessin Bankruptcy. 


NEW BOOKS PUBLISHED IN MARCH, 


With an Hisroricat and CriticaL PROEMIUM. 
eee 
Authors or Publishers, desirous of seeing an early notice of their Works are 
requested to transmit copies before the 18th of the Month. 
—=a 


- is singular that, whilst our geogra- 
phers are exploring and defining the 
most remote and inaccessible regions of 
the globe, so great a portion of the Conti- 
nent of Africa should still present a blank 
upon our maps. The work of enquiry and 
civilization is, however, advancing from 
several opposite points; and iz no part do 
the steps of our intrepid traveilcrs seem 
to be pushed further, or with more flatter- 
ing success, than in the southern latitudes 
of this immense continent. Our curiosity 
has been particularly gratified by the pe- 
rusal of Mr. W.1. BuRcHELL’s 7'ravels in 
the Interior of Southern Africa. This 
gentleman, attended by Mr. Anderson and 
Mr. Kramer, two missionaries, and by a 
yumber of Hottentots, never exceeding 
ten, penetrated more than five hundred 
miles into the interior, and found his la- 
hours amply repaid, not only’ by the ac- 
quisition of local kuowledge, but by the 
discoyery of many new specimens in na- 
tural history and botany. Commencing 
his journey in the autumn of 1810, and 
coulinuing it through the two following 
years, Mr. Burchell proceeded from Cape 
Town to Klaarwater, the residence of the 
missionaries, whence he made successive 
excursions into the surrounding country. 
fle continued there a considerable time, 


and proceeded in a northern direction as 
far as 26 degrees south latitude, advanc- 
ing ultimately to the Maadjé Mountains, 
which are far north of Klaarwater. Mr. 
Burchell’s highly interesting adventures 
and discoveries, narrated in. the form of a 
journal, are illustrated by many coloured 
plates and wood cuts, sketched, for the 
most part, on the spot, with his own hand. 
A rich fund of political and personal 
anecdote is presented to the public in the 
Memoirs of the last Ten Years of the 
Reign of George the Second, by HORACE 
Wa rotr, Earl! of Orford, from the origi- 
nal manuscript. We are not surprised at 
the clamour which is raised against the 
posthumous discoveries of the nobleauthor. 
The follies and vices of the great can never 
be so fully disclosed as by one of their own 
order; and, whateyer might be the motives 
of the author, we thank him for admitting 
us, so far as he has done, behind the scenes. 
At the same time, Lord Orford is by no 
means to be regarded as an impartial or 
very sagacious historian, His personal 
piques and political animosities were as 
strong as his powers of satire and sarcasm. 
After making proper allowances for these 
disqualifying prejudices, enough of truth, 
and an infinite variety of entertainment, 
will remain, for the edification of the 
readers 


254 


readers of this very original and curious 
production. 

We have found much to interest and 
amuse us in the f/lustrations of Japan, &c. 
byM. TiTs1n Gu, translated from the French, 
and forming a large quarto volume, orna- 
mented with plates, from original Japanese 
designs. The author was, for a long 
period, the chief Dutch agent in Japan, 
and availed himself, with great diligence, 
of the uncommon facilities which presented 
themselves to him, of acquiring a know- 
ledge of the history and customs of that 
singular nation. Under the history of the 
sovereigns of that country, we find a great 
mass of very curious and characteristic 
anecdote. This is the most attractive por- 
tion of the work. The remainder consists 
of a very minute description of the mar- 
riage and funeral ceremonies. There are 
also many particulars relative to the lite- 
rature, science, and traditions of Japan, 
which are highly curious. We understand 
that the collections made by M. Titsingh 
furnish abundant materials for further 
works, which will extend our information 
on this subject as far as the suspicious po- 
licy of the Japanese government would 
permit foreign enquiries to proceed. 

We think it our duty to advert to the im- 
portant results communicated in A Letter 
to C. H. Parry, M.D. on the Influence of 
Artificial Eruptions, by EpwbD. JENNER, 
Esq.M.D. &c. This expedient has been 
employed by the author in a long list of 
cases, with decided benefit ; and with par- 
ticular success in the treatment of maniacal 
patients. Dr. Jenner does not seem to us 
to exaggerate his facts, or inclined to push 
his conclusions further than those facts 
fairly warrant; and if his observations 
should be confirmed, as we think they will 
be, by future experiments, he will have 
conferred an essential service on his spe- 
cies by pointing out another mode, at once 
simple and efficacious, of combating so 
dreadful and obstinate a distemper. 

Among the various educational works 
with which the press now abounds, we 
have had occasion to remark Munuscu- 
lum Juventuti seu Phedri Fabula, versi- 
bus hexametris concinnate, by DANIEL 
FreEncu, Esq. barrister at Law. This work 
is not so much intended to explain the 
sense of the original fables, as to illustrate 
the rules of Latin composition. We always 
thought Phzedrus a book very weli calcu- 
lated, in its original form, for the younger 
classes of Latin scholars; and we should, 
therefore, have been better pleased, if Mr. 
French had confined himself to his own 
able translations of Addison’s Spectators, 
which form a considerable part of the 
book. We must add, however, that Mr. 
French’s verse presents a very respectable 
specimen of modern Latin, and that the 


Literary and Critical Proemium. 


[April 1, 


volume proves him to be ascholar of the 
first rank. 

The admirers of Cowper will be much 
gratified by alittle volume, descriptive of 
that Poet’s Rural Walks, displayed in a 
series of views near Olney. The plates, 
fifteen in number, are very neatly execut- 
ed, and represent the scenery exemplified 
in his principal poems, the beauties of 
which appear to be of that mild and tran- 
quil character best suited to his retired and 
gentle disposition. As the scenes of 
Cowper’s lonely meditations, and sketched 
by his pen, these landscapes possess an in- 
terest, to which, aided by all the skill of 
the artist, they could otherwise make no 
pretension. A short memoir of the poet's 
life is prefixed to the volume; and the 
views are accompanied by clever descrip- 
tive sketches, which, taken altogether, 
convey a very complete idea of this part of 
the country. 

Some interest in the events of the rebel- 
lion in 1745, has been excited by the Me- 
moirs of the Chevalier de Johnstone; and 
this circumstance has, we presume, given 
birth to the reprint of the History of the 
Rebellion in Scotland in 1745, by JOHN 
Home, Esq. author of “ Douglas,” a tra- 
gedy, &c. There is much attraction in the 
dramatic celebrity of this name; and to 
this, we think, Mr. Home’s reputation must 
be confined. The work in question met 
with a very cold reception at the time of 
its original publication, when the public 
mind was much more alive to its subject ; 
and it has slumbered, without interrup- 
tion, to the present period. We cannot say 
that its fate was unmerited; it is written 
in a heavy and awkward style, and many 
of the details, particularly of incidents in 
which the author was personally engaged, 
are exceedingly trifling and tedious. The 
chief merit of Mr. Home consists in the 
pains which he bestowed in collecting in- 
formation on the spot, and the fidelity, if 
not the judgment, with which he has re- 
corded it. 

The Revenge of Taran, a dramatic 
poem, by EDWARD BALL, has, we observe, 
reached a second edition ; the first, as we 
are informed by the author, having met 
with a flattering reception, and excited 
lively concern in the minds of several dis- 
tinguished literary characters. Of what 
nature was the concern thus excited we are 
not told, and we are unwilling to put au 
ill-natured construction on the word; but 
if left to form an opinion of this volume, 
unbiassed by the judgment of others, we 
should certainly differ widely from the au- 
thorities above alluded to. It appears to us 
to be a very crude and indifferent composi- 
tion, and we look into it in vain for any 
gleam of genius which might afford the 
promise of something better hereafter. 

The 


1822, ] 


The Spirit of the Lakes, or Mucruss Ab- 
dey, by Miss LuBY, is a poem in three can- 
tos, descriptive of the beauties of the Lake 
of Killarney, on which is engrafted the 
tragical catastrophe of a maiden crossed in 
love. These are very pretty materials for 
a lady's pen, and they are worked up with 
some degree of talent. The verse is easy 
and melodious, and with the exception of 
a little tinge of affectation, we find nothing 
that we are disposed to find fault with. 
There are some interesting notes annexed ; 
and the volume is, on the whole, creditable 
to Miss Luby’s abilities and likely to please 
her readers. i 

We have long been acquainted with 
some of the ballads and lighter pieces of 
Mr. ALLAN CUNNINGHAM, and admired 
their simple and natural beauties, in which 
they so closely resemble the old Scotch 
lyrics, as to have deceived very good 
judges. To a collection of these songs 
Mr. Cunningham has now added a dramatic 
poem, called Sir Marmaduke Maxwell, 
the story of which is founded on tradition, 
and is expanded by the fine imagination of 
Mr. C. into a very beautiful and interesting 
drama. It was not written, nor is it cal- 
culated, in its present form, for represen- 
tation, but from the poetry with which it 
teems, it cannot fail to please in the closet. 
Amongst the smaller pieces the Mermaid 
of Galloway is a fine specimen of the ro- 
mantic ballad. There is a genuine spirit 
of poetry in this volume, which throws all 
defects into the shade, and which must 
add considerably to the reputation which 
the author already enjoys. : 

Retrospection, by ARTHUR BROOKE, 
(the poetical name of a gentleman residing 
in Canterbury,) is a poem in blank verse, 
in which the author, from a review of past 
ages, infers the encreasing knowledge and 
happiness, and the ultimate perfection of 
mankind. The sentiments are distiuguish- 
ed by a bold and free spirit of inquiry, and 
evidently proceed from an original and 
powerful mind. We do not find many of 
the flowers of poetry in his composition, 
which owes its principal attraction to the 
force of thought and feeling which pervades 
it. There is more fancy displayed in the 
Minor poems, some cf which, formed on 
the model of Lord Byron’s lyrical pieces, 
and expressive of the author’s personal 
feelings, are written with much energy 
and passion. In truth, the volume proves 
that the author possesses all the qualities 
necessary to the true poetical character. 

Spare Minutes ; or, Resolved Medita- 
tions and Premeditated Resolutions, by 
ARTHUR WARWICK, 1637, reprinted 1822. 
This excellent little manual is one of the 
most elegant reprints we have ever seen. 
The size and form is perfectly novel, and 
the typographical execution peculiarly ele- 


Critical Notices of Books of the Month. 


255 


gant. It consists of maxims, religious, 
practical and moral: the style is lively, 
but quaint, and abounding in antithesis : 
the similitudes are striking, and the bre- 
vity, which was the author’s continued 
study, gives a peculiar appearance of 
strength to his thoughts, while it detracts 
from their real grace. His athletic form 
appears bursting through its scanty ap- 
parel. He cannot argue without a reason, 
and cannot reason without a maxim. His 
work is a string of proverbial meditations 
and meditated proverbs, and his life ap- 
pears to have been as full of worth as his 
thoughts, and as brief as his book. There 
are two curious emblematical frontispieces, 
with explanations in verse by George 
Withers and Francis Quarles, &c. For a 
fuller account of the work we refer our 
readers to the second volume of the Retro- 
spective Review. 

The rage for Anecdotes, aud the univer- 
sal gratification which this species of read- 
ing affords, have led to the production of 
an Anecdote Library, printed in an econo- 
mical form. It contains above two thou- 
sand articles, many of them original, and 
others selected from the most authentic 
sources. Asa book combining entertain- 
ment and instruction, it will be found to 
have no superior in the language; and 
from its nature and just pretensions will 
in due time be found in situations where 
there is no other book. At the same time 
as the language is good, and the morals 
pure, it is as well adapted to the library of 
a young lady as to the tables of a coffee 
house, or the cabinet of a man of fashion. 

To those who are about to pay a visit to 
the watering places in the neighbourhood 
of the metropolis, we recommend as a very 
pleasant travelling companion, a small vo. 
lume which has been lately published 
under the title of An Excursion to Brigh- 
ton, with an account of the Royal Pavi- 
lion; a Visit to Tunbridge Wells, and a 
Trip to Southend; in a series of lettera 
to a pupil in Wales, with an alphabetical 
list of all the watering places in the king- 
dom, by Joun Evans, LL.D. There is 
certainly in this volume a more than usual 
quantity of entertaining anecdote and in- 
formation, collected together by the inge- 
nious author. 

Dinan, a Romance, is a clever little 
work. The author professes to have be- 
guiled in its composition, an hour of indis- 
position or idleness, and its perusal may, 
with the same view, be safely recommended 
to his readers. The scene of the story is 
laid on the banks of the Severn in the time 
of the Plantagenets, and the plot turns upon 
the feuds between the families of the Ba- 
rons Dinan and Mortimer. There is not 
much diversity of incident, but what there 
is, is well imagined and narrated MARR Opis 

an 


256 


and the catastrophe of the younger Dinan 
is very striking. We regret that the in- 
genious author has prescribed such narrow 
limits to his pen, and could be well con- 
tent to accompany him over a wider range 
on Some future occasion. ‘ 

We have before us No. XXXVII!T of the 
Pamphleteer. It contains nine distinct ar- 
ticles, two of which are original; but our 
allotted space will ouly allow us to notice a 
limited number. Vindicie Britannice, a 
‘vindication of the people from the charge 
of blasphemy, §c. forms the fifth article, 
and is a powerful appeal to every reason- 
‘able and unprejudiced mind, on the con- 
duct of ministers with regard to the sup- 
pression of blasphemous and seditious 
works ; on the little danger to the church 
from their circulation ; and on the liberty 
of the press in matters of religion. The 
author has displayed great ability as well 
‘in the style of the work, as in the force 
and distribution of his arguments. His 
letter on the freedom of the press, we 
think peculiarly excellent. Another article 
which deserves notice, is from the pen 
of the late Dr. Vicesimus Knox, and con- 
sists of Remarks on Grammar Schools. 
It is distinguished by that flowing and elo- 
quent style, which is so deservedly appre- 
ciated in the other treatises of this author ; 
and will be read with interest even by 
those who, like ourselves, are inclined to 
differ from him in their estimate of the 
importance and consequences of public 
schools. 

The pressure of more important matter, 
‘has compelled us to postpone noticing The 
hand of Providence manijested ; but we 
hardly need to apologize for the delay. It is 
a common-place tale, but not uninteresting; 
written ina hard familiar style, which is, 
however, at times, both natural and expres- 
‘sive. The object of the story is to illustrate 
the punishment of vice and the reward of 
virtue, in the opposite conduct aud success 
of two brothers. It is interspersed with 
some copper-plate engravings, which 
‘ought to have been omitted. 

The Rev. Joun CAMPBELL has pub- 
lished an account of his Travels in South 
‘Africc, undertaken at the request of the 
“London Missionary Society, being his se- 
cond journey into the interior of that 
‘country. His former tour was made in the 
‘year 1813, and published two years after- 
wards. The boundary of his progress on 
‘that occasion was the settlement of Lat- 
takoo; but he has now carried his re- 
‘searches at least one hundred and sixty 
miles beyond that place. His whole’ jovr- 
‘ney occupied about ten months, during 
‘which time he visited various missions, 
which appear, by his account, to be ina 
prosperous condition. Although not so re- 
‘plete with original matter as his former 


- Critical Notices of Books of the Month. 


[April 1, 


work, we think Mr. Campbell’s present 
publication is equally meritorious atid en- 
tertaining, 

We are glad to see a'traaslation of Du- 
Pin’s View of the History and actual 
State of the Military, by an Offecr. In 
this elaborate work the learned author 
has not only treated of the strength and 
management of our armies, but tikes @ 
general view of the civil administration 
connected with them, and the manner in 
which the war department is conducted in 
the various government offices. It is not 
easy for a foreigner, and particularly a 
Frenchman, to divest himself of prejudices ; 
and whilst we admit, that very high en- 
comium is due to M. Dupin for the tiber- 
ality he has shewn in stating the result of 
his enquiries, we cannot shut our eyes to 
various errors, arising parily from feclings 
of partiality, and partly from incorrect or 
deficient information. We feel, however, 
so well pleased with the origival wok, 
that we differ from the translator in think- 
ing that the abridgements he has made 
were necessary, at least to the great ex- 
tent to which he has carried them. 

Epigrams, and other short Poems on 
various subjects, by Epwarp TrRapr 
PILGRIM, esq. if not eutirely without 
ingenuity, certainly do not display any 
great originality of wit. They consist, 
as the title denotes, of a collection of 
poetical wiiticisms, most of which, we be- 
lieve, have been long current, and have 
merely been yersified for this book. We 
have attempted to find something new, 
which we might extract as a specinicn of 
the rest, for the amusement of our readers, 
but we refrain from doing so, in the belie? 
that the omission will be equally to their 
advantage and that of Mr. Pilgrim. 

We have perused, with mneh satisfac- 
tion, a collection of tales, for the most 
part, if not altogether original, called 
Stories after Nature. They exhibit much 
tenderness of feeling, and many of them 
may claim considerable merit, both in the 
construction of the story and the style of 
execution. The model which the author 
has chosen, seems to be the graver class of 
Boccaccio’s novels, and he has ‘thrown an 
air of antiquity over his narratives, by 
adopting, more, perhaps, than we can ap- 
prove of, the phraseology aud grammati- 
cal structure of our earlier prose writers. 
We cannot now expect to bring our lan- 
guage back to the standard of the age of 
Elizabeth, and any attempt to dososayours 
strongly of affectation. This is the great 
fault of the volume in question, to which, 


-as the novelist has not thought proper to 


affix his name, we shall not aseribe an 
author; but wevthink his name is written 
legibly in every page of the book, where 
we recocnize the same heanties and 

, i blemishes, 


1822.] 


blemishes, which offer themselves to no- 
tice in his poetry. He has given, in the 
pages before us, another honourable proof 
of his talents and attainments; to which, 
while we point out his defects, we do not 
hesitate to do justice. 

= 


ASTRONOMY. 

Vol. I. of Memoirs of the Astronomical 

Society of London, 4to. Il. Is. 
ANTIQUITIES. 

A Description of the Antiquities and other 
Curiosities of Ancient Rome: by the Rev. 
Edward Burton, Svo. 15s. 

BLOGRAPHY. 

A Memoir of the Life and Trial of James 
Mackoull or Mofiat, who died in the county 
jail of Edinburgh, on the 22d of December, 
1820. 8vo. 8s. 6d. bds. 

CLASSICS. 

Eschyli Prometheus; witha liberal trans- 

lation, 8vo. 6s. 6d. bds. 
DRAMA. 

The Weerd Wanderer of Jutland, a Tra- 
gedy ; Julia Montalban, a Tale; by the Hon. 
and Rev. Wm. Herbert, 8vo. 8s. 6d. 

The Comedies of Aristophanes, the second 
volume, translated from the Greek ; by T. 
Mitchell, A.M. 8vo. 10s. 6d. 


EDUCATION. 

A French Dictionary, square 12mo; by 
Pierre Dacier. 5s. 

Frank: being the Sequel to Frank, in easy 
lessons; by Maria Edgeworth, 3 vols. 9s. 

Rosamond: being the Sequel to Rosa- 
mond, in Early Lessons; by the same author, 
2 vols. 5s. 

The Greek Grammar of Augustus Matthie, 
translated into English; by the Rev. E. V. 
Blomfield, 2 vols. Svo. 11. 10s. 

A Sure Guide to the Knowledge of the 
Principles of the French Language ; by M. 
Maillard. 

The Conversational Preceptor, in French 
and English, consisting of useful phrases, 
arranged under distinct heads, on a new and 
more simple plan than any hitherto attempt- 
ed; by J.L. Mabine: to which are added, 
Amusing Dialogues on various subjects of 
general interest; by M. Leblane, neat pocket 
volume. 6s. 6d. half bound. 

Moral Discipline; or Elements of Self 
Improvement, comprising a familiar View of 
the Intellectual Powers, and Moral Charac- 
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ed for young Persons entering into active life ; 
by the Rev. Thomas Finch, of Harlow, 1 vol. 
12mo., 6s. bds. 

Advice to Young Ladies on the Conduct of 
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the Rev. T. Broadhurst, post 8vo. 6s. 

No. 1, of the Sunday School Biography ; 
containing Memoirs of Adkins Lancaster. 4d. 

The Parish Apprentice ; or, the History of 
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The Power of Grace, exemplified in the 
Memoirs of ————— 

MONTHLY MAG. No. 366. 


List of New Publications in March. 257 


FINE ARTS. 

Part 5. of a Series of Portraits of Eminent 
Historical Characters, introduced in the 
Novels and Tales of the Author of Waverley, 
accompanied with Biographical notices. 

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GEOGRAPHY. 

An Atlas of Ancient Geography, compris- 
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HISTORY. 

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Monarchy Revived; being the Personal 
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MEDICINE. 

Remarks on Cutaneous Diseases; by T. 
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An Essay on Cancer; by W. Farr, mem- 
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ds. 6d. 

Cases illustrative of the Treatment of 
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A Chart of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ex- 
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the London Pharmacopeia, in contrast with 
those with which they are incompatible ; by 
Rees Price, M.D. 2s. 

A Treatise on Dyspepsia, or Indigestion, 
with observations on Hypochondriates and 
Hysteria; by J. Woodford, M.D. 5s. bds. 

Practical Observations on the Treatment 
of Strictures inthe Urethra, and in the CEso- 
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11. 6s. Gd. 

Observations on Cancer, connected with 
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8vo. ds. 6d. 

Practical Observations on the Treatment 
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the same, 2 vols. 8vo. 11. 6s. 

Lectures on Comparative Anatomy, illus- 
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Further Observations on Strictures of the 
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Royal College of Surgeons, 8vo. 4s. 6d. 

An Historical Sketch of the opinions en- 
tertained by Medical Men, respecting the 
Varieties and Secondary Occurrence of Small 
Pox ; by J. Thomson. M.D. 8vo. 12s. 

The Medical Practitioner’s Pocket Com- 
panion: or, a Key to the Knowledge of 

2K Diseases, 


258 


Diseases, and of the appearances that denote 
Recovery or Danger, being an alphabetical 
arrangement of Symptonis, with their various 
indications. 3s. 

No. XIII. of the Quarterly Journal of 
Foreign Medicine and Surgery, and of the 
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Original Cases and Communications, 8vo. 
4s. 6d, 

Practical Rules for the Restoration and 
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the late George Cheyne, M.D. F.R.S. To 
which is added, the Symptoms and best mode 
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Disorders. 

MISCELLANIES. 

The Edinburgh Annual Register for 1818, 
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translated from the Original Latin of Martin 
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The Retrospective Review, no IX. price 5s. 

An Inaugural Lecture, delivered in the 
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Noy. 5, 1821; by Dr. K. Sandford, esq. 
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Part XXXVIII, of the Percy Anecdotes, 
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The First Number of the Album, a new 
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NATURAL PHILOSOPHY. 

A System of Mechanical Philosophy ; by 
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David Brewster, LL.D. 4 vols. 8vo. 41. 

NOVELS AND TALES. 

The French Protestant: a Tale; by the 
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The Spy: a Tale of the Neutral Ground, 
reierring to some particular occurrences dur- 
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Stovies after Nature, f. cap. 8vo. 6s. 

Legends of Scotland (first series) contain- 
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12mo, 16s. 6d, 

Fanny Fairfield, the Farmer’s Daughter : 
a Juvenile Tale, 12mo, 5s. 

Singularity:, a Tale; by Jane Harvey, 
author of Brougham Castle, &c.3 vols, 12mo. 
18s, 


List of New Publications in March. 


[April 1, 


POETRY. 

Napoleon, and other Poems; by Bernard 
Barton, Svo. 12s. bds. 

Holkham: dedicated without permission 
to Joseph Hume, esq. 

Sir Marmaduke Maxwell: a Dramatic 
Poem; the Mermaid of Galloway; the Le- 
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tish Songs; by Allan Cunningham. 7s. 

The Spirit of the Lakes; or Mucruss Ab- 
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POLITICS AND POLITICAL ECONOMY. 

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2 vols, Il. 1s. 

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Observations on the Peace Establishment 
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THEOLOGY. 
Contemplations on the last Discourses of 
our Blessed Saviour; by the Rev. J. 


Brewster, M.A. 8vo. 7s. 6d. 
A Sermon Preached at the Wenger of 
e- 


1822. ] 


the King’s Chapel, annexed to the Pavilion 
at Brighton; by the Rev. Hugh Pearson, 
D.D. Is. 6d. 

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stated; by Thomas Rees, LL.D. 18mo. Is. 

Grotius de Verit. Relig. Christ. with En- 
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The Evangelical Rambler; No. 1, 2, and 
3. 1d. each. 

VOYAGES AND TRAVELS. 
Part 1, Vol. VII. of the Modern Voyages 


New Music and Drama. 


* Boe 


and Travels, containing’ Travels in Southern 
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Russia, Austria, Switzerland, and France, 
during the years 1819, and 1820. Witha 
Map and Itinerary of the route; by Lieut. 
Thos. Lumsden, of the Bengal Horse Artil- 
lery, Svo. 10s. 6d. bds. 


NEW MUSIC AND THE DRAMA. 


———— 


Massimino’s Singing Tutor, on an entirely 
new plan, chiefly for the use of Fdmi- 
lies and Academies; with Exercises in 
Harmony, by J. Green. : 12s. 

HOUGH, as faras regards that part 

of Mr. Logier’s system of tuition 

which includes the simultaneous com- 
bination of practitioners, we are not 
among its professed admirers 5 we par- 
tialiy allow its merits, and its preten- 
sions to patronage; and as far as that 
reserve will permit, we approve of Mr. 
Green’s adoption of the Logerian plan. 
This work adds to an assemblage of all 
the general, and, indeed,,we may say, 
all the dest rules already Jaid down fer 
correct and finished vocal performance, 
hinis for the guidance of governesses 
and parents engaged in this province of 
female education, and remarks and ex- 
ercises, which cannot be attended to 
without assisting the reader ; especially 
the private student whe is not inva 
situation to receive viva voce instruc- 
tion. 

Mr. Green, in his introduction, or 
preface, informs us that he first de- 
veloped his mode of diffusing the art of 
singing at Paris, in the year 1816; and 
that although his school was slowly 
formed, aud did not for some time an- 


swer his object, in the most material of | 


all its points, the proposed rapid and un- 
comman progress of his pupils; never- 
theless, it appears, that by perseverance, 
he ultimately succeeded; but that his 
success was no soooer perceived and 
acknowledged, than some of his rivals 
claimed it as an old invention of their 
owu, wliile others declared they had 
tried it without finding it to be adequate 
to its purpose. The precepts are ranged 
under different classes, and form a pro- 
gressional series of indices by which 
the practitioner is almost compelled to 
advance in his art. The successive in- 
tervals of the major and minor octave 
are given seriatim, and the tones of 


the chord, or loud marks of the voice, 
are artfully insinuated, rather than 
abraptly obtruded ; and the same use- 
ful method is used in regard to the se- 
mitonic intervals, the command of 
which, perhaps, would not be more 
speedily, or more securely attained than 
by the means here adopted. All the 
various vocal excellencies are kept fully 
in sight; and on the whole, we cannot 
justly dismiss this article without re- 
commending if to the serious attention 
of those who are anxious fo arrive by 
the shortest road, at that pomt of ex- 
cellence which every student of so po- 
life and fascinating an art as that of 
singing with correctness and effect, 
ought to have in view. 

Books 1,2 and 3, of a Treatise on Har- 
mony, with Practical Examples, and 
Thirty Studies in all the Major and 
Minor Keys. Composed and selected by 
Charles Fi ederich Horn. Each book 5s. 
Mr. Horn has embedied in this di- 

dactic publication, a considerable va- 

riety ef intelligence, equally necessary 
to the thesretical and practical musi- 
cian. The whole is comprised in three 
books, the first of which is dedicated to 
the explanation of the rules ofharmony, 
and counterpoint in general; the se- 
cond to the relations of keys, as majors 
and minors, and the character and 
ulility of passing notes; the third and 
last, to the practical application of the 
rules antecedently given. Without 
meaning to detract from the general 
merit of this work, we are obliged to 
observe, that so much had already been 
done in this way, before Mr. Horn put 
his pen to paper, that little or no scope 
was left for the exercise of his ingenuity 
or industry. It is, however, due to 
him to say, that in some instances, he 
has given additional Incidity to what 
had received the light of other theorists, 


and that his examples are as_ well se- 
lected 


260 


lected as they are ably varied, and. 

embellished. 

“ Still I was in Love,” a Ballad, composed 
by C. Evans. 1s. 6d. 

This ballad, so favourably received 
by the public, proves, on inspection, 
worthy its awarded repute. Mr. Evans 
appears to have been particularly atten- 
tive to the accompaniment, in which 
he has greatly succeeded. The bass is 
of the most simple and obvious descrip- 
tion, yet so selected as to promote the 
principal object, by leaving the ear at 
liberty 10 be engrossed by the heanties 
of an affecting melody, aided by the de- 
licate touches of the piana forte. 


“ Away those doubts those silly fears,” a 
Ballad, composed by Charles Della 
Yorre. 1s.6d. 

Of this song we cannot, in candour, 
speak in the highest terms of commen- 
dation. The melody has no proper be- 
ginning, middle, or end; and, of course, 
bears with it no distinct or exclusive 
character. The passages, regarded se- 
parately, are no way out of rule any 
more than they are destitute of attrac- 
tion; but they do not constitute a con- 
geries of related and commutually 
assisting impressions. Ina word, they 
do not in performance, seem all of the 
same family ; and consequently, the ear 
is left without a feeling of that unique 
combination of features, on which the 
originality, and, indeed, the interest of 
all musical effect, so greatly depends. 

* Farewell bright illusions !” a Song, com- 
posed Charlotte Ferrier. 2s. 
Farewell bright illusions, is asong of 

considerable merit. The ideas, though 

not distinguished by their novelty, are 
judiciously chosen and arranged; and, 
of materials pretty well known, some- 
thing not very unlike an original com- 
position has been produced. No little 
attention has been paid to the graces 
and the incidental decorations; nor 
have they been ineffectively introduced. 

The bass is not the best of which the 

melody admitted ; but the propriety of 

the accompaniment forms some com- 
pensation for a defect very excusable 
in a female composer. 

The Twentieth Sonata for the Piano Forte, 
with an Accompaniment for a Flute and 
Violoncello. Composed by F. Ries. 5s. 
This is a sonata of the higher class. 

The movements (three in number) are 

elaborate in their constructicn, and 

brilliant in their effect. 'Uhe first, in 
common time, is very spirited through- 
out; the second, an adagio in three 
quavers, is elegant and tender ; and the 


New Music and Drama. 


[April bk. 


third, a polonaise in three crotchets, is 
novel and animated. To hear them, 
is to feel that the piece is the produc- 
tion of a mind superiorly gifted, and 
that consiaerable as is the effort, still 
greater things may be hereafter expected 
from the same source. 

Number 1 of National Rondos, arranged 

by D. Sartini. 1s. 6d. 

Considering that nothing more was 
aimed at in the production of this little 
piece, than the furnishing an agreeable 
and useful exercise for young practi- 
tioners, we feel disposed to give the 
composer credit for more ability than 
here meets the eye. ‘The passages flow 
with so remarkablean ease and freedom, 
as to indicate that the composition was 
an impromptu, rather than a studied 
production; and that it is to be con- 
sidered as the sportive emanation of 
unexerted talent. 

DRAMA. 

CoveENT GARDEN.—So little of va- 
riety has occurred at either of the patent 
theatres since our last, that this month, 
we have, comparatively, but a small 
field for observation. At Covent Gar- 
den, Montrose and Mother Bunch, have 
so far continued to keep the stage, as 
only to admit of the occasional relief 
afforded by the performance of The 
Exile, The Two Gentlemen of Verona. 
Rob Roy, The School for Scandat, A 
Rowland for an Oliver, The Critic, 
The Libertine, No Song no Supper, and 
a few others pieces, of no particular 
consequence or distinetion, either in 
themselves, or on account of opportuni- 
ties they aflorded for the display of the 
great and various talent they employed. 
The circumstance most worthy our no- 
tice, and the attention of the public, is 
the resignation of Mr. Harris, as ma- 
nager of this theatre, and the supply of 
his place, by Mr. C. Kemble. 

Drury LAng.—At this house, The 
Veteran, The Beggar’s Opera, and The 
Duenna, have furnished the most suc- 
cessful exercise of Miss Ford’s vocal 
powers. Her Rosa, Polly and Clara, 
have served to display to advantage all 
her different pretensions as one of the 
most captivating, if not one of the most 
finished singers of the day. Mr. Ellis- 
ton’s Belcovr in the West Indian ; Mr. 
Barley’s Marplot, in The Busy Body, 
and Mr. Kean’s completely successful 
representation of Sir Pertinaewy Macsy- 
cophant, in The Man of the World, 
have combined their attractions, and 
have drawn to Old Drury many splen- 
did and profitable audiences. 

MEDICAL 


1822. [ 


261 ] 


MEDICAL REPORT. 


REPORT of DISEASES and CASUALTIES occurring in public and private Practice 
of the Physician who has the care of the Western District of the City Dispensary. 


T has always been a feeling with the 
author of these essays that to foster a 
precocious indication of superior intellect 
on the part of offspring, is to exercise pa- 
rental power with worse than no effect. 
Very young children ought to be mere 
existences; and it were much better that 
at the age of six years they should be ig- 
norant even of the letters of the alphabet 
than that they should be puffed out into the 
swell of Lilliputian learning—be made 
the wonder of the drawing-room, and the 
admiration, or more properly, perhaps, 
speaking, the annoyance of all mamma’s 
visitors. Intellectual, like animal and ve- 
getable growth, must have its seasons, and 
every thing that is preternaturally forced 
becomes ultimately feeble. The writer 
has just been present at the dissection of a 
child whose faculties of understanding had 
far outstripped the number of her years— 
she died of disease in the brain; and it 
was curious to observe that all the parts of 
that organ were so inordinately developed 
as to present the phenomena of adult por- 
tions with an infantine whole; and what is 
further worthy of remark, the bony invest- 
ments of the eucephalic mass were so in- 
jected with blood, as to prove that the de- 
mand of this fluid from the frame was be- 
yond the measure of supply that the frame 
could afford. Had this child survived the 
period of infancy, her youth would probably 
have been characterised by Bettyan for- 
wardness, and her more mature years 
marked by indications of prematurely ex- 
hausted excitability, with little of animal 
aud less of intellectual vigour. The fault 
and misfortune were here the works of na- 
ture, but the case is alluded to for the pur- 
pose of checking that disposition which 
some display to stretch out at once the 
young mind into more than due or durable 
extent. Dropsy of the brain is very often 
the disease of those children whose intel- 
lect runs before it can walk. 

Between an actually organic injury of 
the brain and a merely sympathetic dis- 
turbance of its healthy functions, it is oc- 
casionally difficult to discriminate. A 
youth is at present under the reporter’s 
care who has been afflicted with fits of a 
convulsive kind, who is for hours deprived 
of speech, and even of common comprehen- 
sion, but who is still, itis hoped, not the 
subject of positive disease in the brain ; 
siice the disturbance of functions is not 
continuous, but by fits, since there is a 
freedom from febrile irritation, since a 
swollen upper lip, anda large pupil of the 


eye are present; and, finally, because the 
boy has been benefited by those medicine 

that have been administered under the im- 
pression of worms ; true it is that none of 
these parasitic animals have as yet given 
demonstrative proof of their existence, 
but it is not seldom the case that vermi- 
fuge drugs do the good that is desired 
without their exhibition being followed by 
the immediate expulsion of worms. It is 
remarkable that the youth in question who 
had attempted in vain to speak during the 
whole of a day, very soon after swallowing 
a fluid ounce of the spirit of turpentine, 
exclaimed * Now you have bit it.” He 
has had a second dose of this medicine; 
subsequently a tobacco enema,* and is, at 
length, apparently conyalescent. The 
idea of deception on the part of the patient 
will perhaps present itself to the mind of 
the reader; but that must be a power of 
dissinulation indeed which would occasion 
the production and repetition of well- 
marked fits of epilepsy. In the next 
month’s report the termination of this 
curious case shall be recorded. 

Another instance has occurred of radical 
relief following the administration of small 
doses of tincture of lytia, where there was 
every reason to apprehend from the symp- 
toms, an actual oppression upon the brain 
from an effused fluid,—where, in other 
words, hydrocephalus appeared completely 
marked. 

It will be recollected that allusion has 
more than once been made in these papers 
to the utility of exciting pustular eruptions 
on the skin by the tartar-emetic ointment, 
as vicarious of, and critical to, several sorts 
of morbid irritation. Last evening the re- 
porter took up a pamphlet just published by 
the celebrated Dr. Jenner, in which this 
remediat process is recommended in seve- 
ral maladies that are manifested. especially 
through the sentient system—and the au- 
thority of Jenner’s name is such as to com- 
mand more attention than is ordinarily 
due to the laudatory accounts of enthu- 
siasts respecting the efficacy of medicinal 
novelties. 

Siuce penning the last report, the writer 
has also been fascinated (for it would be 


* The virtues of tobacco as an anthel- 
mintic, the writer thinks, are not appre- 
ciated equal to their deservings. Its ex- 
ternal application in the way of poultice 
to the abdomen, will at times dislodge 
worms that have resisted the influence of 
internal vermifuges. 

injustice 


262 


injustice to use a fainter term,) with “ the 
Confessions of an English Opium Eater.” 
These essays absolutely abound both in 
medical and moral instruction—they are, 
besides, master-pieces of graphic style, and 
cannot, it is conceived, be perused by any 


Agricultural Report. 


[April 1, 


individual of taste and feeling without ex- 
citing a most powerful interest—without 
producing a lasting impression. 
D. Uwins, M.D. 
Bedford Row, March 20,1822. 


MONTHLY AGRICULTURAL REPORT. 


HE winter just closed, has been one 

of the mildest within memory or re- 
cord, throughout Europe; as a necessary 
consequence, deformed by storms, tempests 
and floods. Our clay lands sodden with 
constant moisture, without the benefit of 
frost, have worked heavily ; hence, in im- 
proved districts, the dibble has been much 
in use this season. Great breadths of 
wheat were sown last mouth, both in the 
south and in Scotland, on lands which 
could not be timely prepared in autumn, 
and on turnip land, where the plants were 
seeded and useless. Wheat, indeed, with 
some exceptions in the poor western dis- 
tricts, is a most extensive crop, more espe- 
cially in the north. Taken generally, it 
perhaps never looked better at this season, 
and that which is thinnest of plant, may 
not be the least productive in harvest. 
The yellow edges of the wheat leaf re- 
marked on cold and wet lands, some time 
since, was to be expected from the state of 
the soil, and the perpetual vicissitudes of 
the weather. The risk from winter frosts 
is now at.an end; that very critical one 
from those cold easterly winds in the 
spring, which, in regular atmospheric or- 
der, succeed a mild winter, are yet in 
abeyance. ‘There have been, however, 
fortunate exceptions; under one of these, 
from a great crop of wheat, will follow 
great effects. The appearance of the 
country, with respect to the lands and the 
crops, is universally favourable. Great 
evaporation has taken place, and the soil 
is every where getting into the finest state. 
The grass has a beautiful verdure, and all 
the spring crops are getting in with expe- 
dition, and without any hindrance from the 
weather. The fallof lambs has been gener- 
ally successful, and the country is so abua- 
dantly, and equally replenished with both 
liveand dead stock, that great and increas- 
ing as our population is, a riddance of the 
surplus, at any rate, cannot always be found 
in the markets. What say the disciples of 
Malthus, British or Continental, to a dis- 
pensation like this? Gocd corn-fed pork 
has been sold, in some distant country mar- 
kets, at 3d. per pound. Spring prices 
lower than the autumnal: @ certain sign 
of the natural and gradual descent to the 
lowest level. The shew for fruit is most 
luxuriant and beautiful. The farming in- 
terest, almost universally, is in a most de- 
plorable and heart-breaking state. Weare 
suffering the consequences of a “most un- 


just, unnatural and UNSUCCESSFUL war. 
The causes of our distress lie in the smal- 
lest possible compass, and it is lamentable 
to see the public mind yacillating and led 
astray, by such loads of inapplicable so- 
phistry and of fallacies, which are issuing 
from all quarters. Every projector—with 
the exception of those, who are obviously 
turning out a tub to amuse the great levia- 
than, and profit by the guidance of the 
. huge and ductile monster—naturally at- 
taches infallibility to his plan; but sueh 
do not consider we are actually under the 
influence of that dreadfal dilemma, in 
which, the relief fondly hoped for, is not 
within the immediate ken .or the reach of 
human wit. There are causes which are 
imperious, and must be left to work their 
legitimate effects. We would recommend 
to our countrymen, as a model, the noble 
and independent petitions from THORNEY 
in Ely. We lament the horrible dissolu- 
tion of morals among the country Jabourers 
in these religious days. Our letters from 
the Principality, we regret to state, give 
fresh instances of the inhumanity and im- 
policy cf landlords in their conduct to- 
wards their poor tenantry, who, on the 
contrary, have the most just title to the ut- 
most kindness, forbearauce and support. 
The season altogether has been one of 
the mildest upon record, the prevailing 
winds have been chiefly west and south 
west, nevertheless there has been little or 
no rain, but for weeks together, clear 
sunny days. The thermometer, through 
the winter has ranged between 40° and 
50°; and not more than once or twice has 
any ice been seen, while there has been 
no snow in Middlesex. Under these cir- 
cumstances vegetation was never more 
forward and promising, and most articles 
have appeared in Covent Garden market a 
month earlier than usual. 

Smithfield —Beef 2s.4d. to 3s. 3d.— 
Mutton 2s. 8d. to 4s. 0d.— Lamb 0s. 0d. to 
Os. 0d.—Veal 3s. 4d. to 5s.6d—Pork 2s. 4d. 
to 4s. 0d. (dairy) 5s. 0d—Bacon 3s. Od. to 
3s. 8d.—Raw Fat 2s. 7d. to 3s. 4d.—— 
Wheat 36s. to 60s. old 65s. to 70s.— 
Rye 0s. Od. to Os— Barley 16s. to 30s.— 
Oats 14s, to 28s.—The quartern loaf in 
London 10:d.—Hay 50s. to 84s. 0d.— 
Clover do. 45s. to 100s.—Straw 27s. 0d. 
to 39s. 6d.—Rye Straw 42s.—Coals in the 
Pool 31s. 0d. to 41s. 

Middlesex, March 25, 1822. : 
MONTHLY 


1822, ] [ 263 ] 
MONTHLY COMMERCIAL REPORT. 


—e—- 
PRICES or MERCHANDIZE. Feb. 27. March 22. 
Cocoa, W. I. common £30" 0 to 4 0:0 3.0 0 to 4 O O perewt, 
Coffee, Jamaica, ordinary 5 6 0 .. 510 O Dt) bs Ol ianae vOudike vt Ory GILtes 
Coffee, —_——, fine 5 9h6.O% bc. 6- OF ot) 610 0 .. 618 0. ditto. 
-, Mocha 213) 100 “2201 0.16 12 0 0 ..18 O O per ewt. 
Cotton, W.I.common . 0 0 8!.. 0 0 93 0 0 8} .. 0 O 93 per lb. 
_Wenierara . + O O 9h... 0. 1 0 0 0..9h 2.0 1. 0 ditto. 
Currants . : 5 Ids (Or 2OR 5. OATS 0 510 0 ., 513 O per ewt, 
Figs, Turkey > FS" HO) pe eee: Be Ne 3s Ol. 14 (8) O° ditto. 
Flax, Riga . : oat 00 mecnoee O40 55 0 0 .. O O O per ton. 
Hemp, Riga Rhine 08), On DidgoeriO 0.70 62.0.0 .4..63) 05 0. ditto. 4 
Hops, new, Pockets gen80),.0. Ss4t10 20 3.0 0 .. 410 O per cwt 
--—--=—, Sussex,do. . 3 6 'O0 .. 5 0 0 Se Oso . OL a OIbtO: 
Iron, British, Bars oe (0. (Ospawes 8 LOL LO 8 0 0 .. 8 10 O perton 
Seu tier .7 Bigs) os Swit iO) ui 26410, 0 56 0 0 .. 610 0 ditto. 
Oil, Lucca 13800 ON 0 OE ae Oo OMe £O OO pernar 
--, Galipoli 06 OO 2, 0 0)3,0 66 0 0 .. 0 O O per ton. 
Rags - i ~ylel8s 0 uerilGr 0 0 118 0... .0°. (O- O’per'ewt. 
Raisins, bloom orjar,new 316 0 . 4 0 0 314 0 .. 4 0 0 ditto. 
Rice, Patna kind Oe OMe. O50" "'8 014° 0 -.° 0 T6 O., ditto: 
——, East India 0 40),,0;,-5 012 0 010 0 .. 012 O. ditto. 
Silk, Ckina,raw . ba lO Lissa, I-A” Pu JosQhii ile UY! 4e* yerdg 

» Bengal, skein PeON] Gener (O16: 27 ONS doe Os Lien g. wUattor 
Spices, Cinnamon . . 0 8 9 . 0 9 0 O'S Fy... J0'o Di gOnsnen lin: 
——, Cloves = sini 9 vat OY 0.0 05°13. 9 ere Oy 00!) ditto; 

, Nutmegs 0" 3 Ones OF 3.10 Ole3) 9 ee ONS I sartios 

--~ —-,Pepper,black . 0 0 7$.. 0 0 73 OO Crinarety hn Oley Oy OIEO 

—_——, ———,white . 0 14... 01 6 OO Lid Re Om DY Gye dittor 
Spirits, Brandy,Cogniac. 0 3 6 .. O 4 2 OM S49 6e! 22 ON 4 2 per val’ 

— -—,GenevaHollands O 1 3 .. O 1 7 Oy 2 scar LU ee ene OEE 

--—, Rum, Jamaica. 0 | 7 .. O 1 8 OVP LD pl Dis 0) Ghyetiddysdittos 
Sugar, brown , jen Oi Oh 201 07,00 217 0 .. 3 0 O'perowt. 
-— -, Jamaica, fine SSE DWT. J2".3 15518 372 0° 2.93 17 O per ewt. 

—,, East India,brown 014 0 .. O16 9 0.12, ,0, #.)0.15, 0. ditto. 

» lump, fine. ener LO Te Oh dren) ALS, 0 415 0... 5 0 O;perewt. 
Tallow, town-melted . 2 0 0 .. 21 0 2°6 6 5. 0° 0 O per cwt. 
———, Russia, yellow . 214 0 .. 218 0 a oO mene, 40. Je aittas 
Tea, Bohea P a0, 2062 3. (070 0 0.2 52... 0. 2. 6 perilb: 
~ —,Hyson, best . O 410k >2ti v0. .0.2°0 0, Bier 00 0803 Rs ' ditto. 
Wine, Madeira, old eZee! ONO. Sa Ovr.O 22 0 0 .. 33 0 O per pipe 

-, Port. old wer ONTO eoo 0° 6 24 0 0 ..565 0 O ditto 
-—~ =, Sherry tS 20 weir OF. </...60i2 0. 0 25 0 0 .. 60 O O per butt 


Premiums of Insurance...Guernsey or Jersey, 208. Gd.—Cork or Dublin, 20s. 0d.—Bel- 
fast, 20s. 0d.—Hambro’, 20s. 0d. — Madeira, 20s. 0d.—Jamaiea, 30s.-- Greenland, out 
and home, 6zs. to I2gs. 

Course of Exchange, March 22.— Amsterdam, 12 6.—Hamburgh, 37 2.—Paris, 25 30. 
- Leghorn, 473.—Lisbon, 505.—Dublin, 93 per cent. 

Premiums on Shares and Canals, and Joint Stock Companies.—Birmingham, 5601. -- 
Coventry, 10001.—Derby,1351.—Ellesmere,601.—Grand Surrey 561.0s—Grand Union,2 11 0s. 
—Grand Junction, 235!. -Grand Western, 31.—Leeds and Liverpool, 3501.—Leicester, 2901. 
—Loughbro’, 34001.—Oxford, 6701. Trent and Mersey, 1900]—Worcester, 251.—East 
India Docks, 1621.—London, 1054].—West India, 1821.--Southwark Brine, 221.—Strand, 
51.5s. Royal Exchange Assonance, 2541.—Alhion, 501. Os. —Globe, 1331. Os.—Gas 
Ligur Company, 651. 0s. City Ditto, 110). -At the Office of Wolfe and Edmonds’. 

The 3 per cent. Reduced, on the 22d was 7829} 9; 3 percent. consols, 805; 5 percent, 
navy 1034 8. f 

Gold in bars 31. 17s. 104d. per 0z.—New doubloons, 31, 13s. 9d —Silver in bars ds. 11d. 


eens ET 
moo 


ALPHABETICAL LIST OF BANKRUPTCIES announced between the 20th of Feb. 
1822, and the 20th of March, 1822: extracted from the London Gazette. 
— 


BANKRUPTCIES. [this Month 122.] Anaers eT peat es Lancaster, bank- 


Solicttors’ Names are in Parentheses. Ansell, J. Filkins, Oxfordshire, miller. (Russell 
LWIN, R. P. Klm-stroet, Gray’s Jin-lane, and Son. 
brewer. (Wielder and Co. attornies. Armstrong, Pb Reading, linen-dra per. (Jones. 


Andrade, A. Lancaster, banker. (Beverley. Atkinson, 


264 


Audntens T. Manchester, Shopkeeper. (Adlington 

and Co. 

Atkins, J. Hamstall Redware, Staffordshire, miller. 
(Rudall. 

Avison, J. Aldwick, Yorkshire, butter-factor, 
(Stocker and Co. 

Bishop, J. Cheltenham, tailor and draper. 
and son. 

Blyth, G. W. and F. Birmingham, merchants. 
(Alexander. 

Brewer, 8. Alderton, Suffolk, coal-mercht. (Hone. 

Boucher, C. Cheltenham, cabinet: maker. (Patten. 

Brett, W. Stone, Stafford, grocer. (Wheeler. 

Burton, G. Knottingley, Yorkshire, vessel-builder. 
(Fisher and Co. 

Button, WY. Bicester, Oxford, innkeeper. (Ulmney. 

Butler, P. Little Bolton, Lancaster, manufacturer. 
(Adlington and Co. 

Byrne, P. H. Bucklersbury, Manchester, ware- 
-houseman. (Freeman and Co. 

Cater, S. Rattlesden, Suffolk, grocer. (Dixons. 

Child, J. Aldermanbury, hosier. (Hindman. 

Chittenden, E. ‘Ashford, Kent, ironmonger. (Swain 
and Co. 

Clough, R. Sharples, Lancashire, calico-printer. 
(Adlington and Co. 

Colley, B. Posenhall, See farmer. 

Congdon, T. Torquay, 
(Williams. 

Copland, W. Holt, Norfolk, miller. (Bridges. 

Copley. B. and W. Hirst, Doncaster, iron-founders. 

attye. 

Connie! . I. and P. Clement’s-lane, wine-merchts. 
(Richardson. 

Cotton, W.Castle Donington, Leicestershire, baker. 
(Fuller and Co. 

Dark, S.W. Red Lion-sq. picture-dealer. (Minchin. 

D’Almaine, G. Chandos-street, Covent Garden, em- 
broiderer. (Gant and Loftus. 

Day, H. and R. Holmes, Tottenham-court-road, 
linen-drapers. (Hewitt. 

Davidson, W. Philpot-lane, merchant. 

Dove, F, Berkeley-square, auctioneer. 
son and Co. 

Edwards, G. H, Craven-street, wine-merchant. 
(Williains and Co. 

Earle, W. Chureh-street, Rotherhithe, victualler. 
(Saward. 

Early, W. Winchester, grocer. (Allen. 

Failes, J. Upwell, Norfolk,farmer. (Farlow. 

Field, S. Richmond, wine-merechant. (Gates. 

Fineh, T. Hammersmith, brewer. (Hubert. 

Froggatt, J. jun. Burslem, druggist. (Williams 
and Co. 

Glover, E. Hardshaw within Windle, Lancaster, 
shopkeeper. (Clarke and Co. 

Griffiths, H. Swansea, linen-draper. (Price. 

Handford, W. Tavistock, Devonshire, linen-draper. 
(Bourdillon. 

Harbin, T. H. Mainhead, Devonshire, tailor. 
‘eerie and Co. 

Hard 3 M.and J. Dale, Manchester, warehousemen. 
(Ellis. 

Hargraves, J. Liverpool, miller. 

Hedley, J. and T. 
ers. (Beverley, 


(King 


(Bigg. 
evonshire, merchant. 


(Gregson. 
(Richard- 


(Lowten. 
. Will, Sunderland, ship-own- 


Heinbrey, M. Lambeth-road, victualler. (Chester. 

Herbert, E. T. Fetter-lane, oilman. (Broughton. 

Herbert, P. late Master of the E. f. ship Thalia, 
merchant. (Osbaldeston and Co. 

Herbert, R. and W. Buckmaster, St. Mary Axe and 
Ware, merchants. (Hodgson. 

Hornblower, W. Brierly-hill Iron-works, Stafford- 

. shire. iron-masters. (Jenkins and Co. 

Hort, J. Great St. Helens, coal-merchant. (Steel. 

Hoyle, T. and J. Lord, Whalley, Lancashire, ca- 
lico-printers. (Norris. 

Joseph, A. Magdalen-row, Goodman’s Fields, ner- 
chant. (Williamsand Co. 

Judd, G. Farringdon, cordwainer. (Beckett. 

Keene, W. ©. Mary-le-bone-lane, farrier. (Ha- 
milton. 

Kenyon, T. Brestwich, Lancashire, flour-dealer. 

* (Adlington. 

Ketcher, N. Bradwell, Essex, shopkeeper. (Bunn. 

Kirkland, I. and Badenoch, I. Coventry, ribbon-ma- 
nufacturers. (Webster and son, 


Bankrupts and Dividends. 


[April 1, 


Knight, J. Halifax, merchant. (Beckett. 

Larbalestier, J.:Angel-court, Throgmorton-street, 
wine-merehant. (Taylor. 

Lea, P. H. Prior-place, East Jane, Walworth, gro- 
cer. (Taylor. 


Ledden, W p-tzerpoo, merchant. (Slade and Co. 
> 


Leppingwell, K. Croydon, linen-draper. (Willis 
and Watson. 

Lewis, P. R. Bath-place, New-road, fringe-manu- 
facturer. (Wigley 


Lightfoot, I. Eccleston, Lancashire, miller. (Clarke 
and Co. 

Lord, J. J. Plymouth, spirit-seller. (Darke & Co. 

Maddock, R. and Sweed, J. Rosemary-lane, timber- 
merchants. (Sweet and Co. 

Mann, G. and J. Chapel-street, Edgeware-road, 


bricklayers. (Robinson and Co. 

Maydew, T. Colbridge, Staffordshire, blne-manu- 
facturer. (Thomas. 

May, W. Newgate-street, victualler. (Clare and 
Diekenson. 


Maullin, T. Dudley, Worcestershire, nail-iron- 
monger. (Collett and Co. 

Miller, R. Minchinhampton, Gloucester, banker. 
(Dax and Co. 

Milthorp, I. Poole, Yorksliire, maltster. (Granger. 

Moorsom, W. Scarborough, banker. (Kearsey 
and Co. 

Morton, T. Nottingham, 
(Hurd and Co. 

Mounsher, J. Leonard -street, Finsbury-square, 
merchant. (Atcheson. 

Miller, C. Abchurch-lane, merchant. (Sweet & Co. 

Otley, G. New Bond-street, tailor. (Smith and Co. 

Parker, T. Carincot Miil, Somerset, mealman. 
(Price. > 

Parsons, J. Swaffham, Norfolk, linen-draper. (King. 

Pearson, J. Manchester, joiner. (Adlington & Co. 

Petitpierre, L. and E. South-street, Finsbury, mer- 
chants. (Hutchinson. 

Pitts, T. and Collison, T. Beverley, York, woollen- 
drapers. (Eyre and Coverdale. 

Poole, R. Leeds, grocer. (Neale. 4 

Pottes, B. Charlton-row, Manchester, cotton-spin- 
ner. (Milne and Co. 

Raine, W. Padstow, mercer. (Thompsonand Co. 

Reed, W. Little Queen-street, oilman. (Shuter. 

Richardson, M. Kirkoswald Cumberland, butcher. 
(Lowden. ; 

Rickards, J. Dursley, Gloucestershire, clothier. 
(Vizard and Co. 

Ride, T. Ashton Keynes, Wilts, tallow-chandler. 
(Dax and Co. 

Rose, I. Ibstock, Leicester, grocer. (Dewes. 

Rose, M. Berry Hills, Leicester, farmer. (Long 
and Austen. 

Ross, J. Charlton-street, Somers Town, baker. 

CT eran: 

Russell, J. Rochester, wine-merchant. (Rippon. 

Saintry, T. Cottenham, Cambridgeshire, dealer. 
(Robinson. 

Salter, T. Geist, Norfolk, farmer. (Barber, L. 

Savage, J. Broadway, Worcestershire, pig-dealer. 
(Taylor and Co. 

Scarth, W. Morley, York, merchant, (Wilson. 

Scandrett, W. Worcester, glover. (Collett & Co. 


lace-manufacturer. 


Scott, W. jun. Norwich, confectioner. (Tilbury 
and Langdale. 
Sherwin, W. T. Paternoster-row, bookseller. 


(Tilson and Co. 
Simkins, I. Store-street, Bedford-square, tailor. 


(Hunt. 

Smith, J. North-street, Westminster, tailor. (Til- 
son and Co. 

Sowerby, P. and P. Liverpool, provision-merchts. 

Wheeler. 

Squire, L. Earith, Huntingdon, tanner. (Long & Co 

Steel, J. Emscott, Warwick, timber-merchant, 
(Norfon and Co, 

Stevens, W. Northumberland-street, Strand, baker. 
(Tatham. 

Stevens, D. G. Harlow, Essex, linen-draper. (Evans 

Swift, J.and T. Huddersfield, merchants. (Battye.. 


Taylor, W. Great Yarmouth, surgeon. (Swain 

and Co. 

Thomas, R. S. Hanbury, Worcestershire, tanner. 
(Williams. 


Thomlinson, 


1822.| 


Thomlhinson, J. and Jos. High Hesket, Cumberland, 
innkeeper. (Leadbetter. 
Thompson, J. South Shields, ship-owner. (Bell 
_ and Co. 
Tickell, T. West Bromwich, Stafford, iron-master, 
(Norton. 


Political Affairs in March. 


265 


Vail, W. jun. Brookworth, Gloucestershire, corn 
dealer. (Dix. 

Vertue, S. Yarmouth, merchant. (Swain and Co. 

Weeks, J. Exeter, currier. (Matlock. 

Wood, J. Rugeley, Staffordshire, miller. 
and Co. 

Woodburn, J. Birmingham, provision.merchant. 


(Lowes 


Traer, W. Exeter, factor. (Shaw. 


Tucker, J. H Jermyn-street, chemist. (Wright. 
Turton, W. West Bromwich, Staftord, coal and 


iron-master. (Whitaker. 


Abram, R. Liverpool. 
Adlington, J. Tottenham. 
Allport, E. Birmingham. 
Anderson, J. West Smithfield. 
Archer, A. Great Chapel-street, 
Soho. ’ 
Asquith, T. and D. Bermondsey, 
and T. Mellish, New Kent- 


road. 
Baker, W. Lloyd’s Coffee-house. 
Balme, J. Gomersal, Yorkshire. 
Barclay, J. Old Broad-street. 
Baverstock, R. Brompton, 
Beasley, R. G. Austin Friars. 
Bellairs, A. W. and J. Stamford 
and Derby. 
Bennett, J. Blackburn, Laneaster. 
Biggar, WW. Manchester. 
Booth, W. G. and R. Bishop- 
wearmouth. 
Boyer, B. Tokenhouse-yard. 
Brickwood, J. S. Stoke Newing- 


ton. 

Brune, J. H.and T. Jordan, Bury 
Court, St. Mary Axe. 

Butler, Sarah, Thirston Magna, 
Wiltshire. 

Button, W.and W. Paternoster- 


row. 
Bysh, J. Paternoster-row. 
Cadogan, J. Water-street, 
Clement Danes. 
Cape, W. London Bridge-foot. 
Cary, J. Racquet-court, Fleet-st. 
Children, G. Tunbridge. 
Coates, C. New Bond-street. 
Cope, P. Bridgnorth. 
Corri, N. Golden-square. 
Crane, S. andH. §. Stratford. 
Dalton, J. Bury St. Edmunds. 
Dawson, R. Norwich. 
Davies, J. Mitchealden, Glouces- 
’ tershire. 

De Queiros, J. M. Size-lane. 
Doorman, C. C. Wellclose-square. 
Dunnage, H. Colchester. 
Durbin, W.and J. Southampton. 
Douglas, T. London. 

Dudman, R.and G. Winter, Je- 
rasalem Coffee-house. 


St. 


DIVIDENDS. 
Eyans, G. Aberdare, Glamorgan- 
shire. 


Everett, T. Wooley, Wilts. 

Fearnley, T. Portsmouth. 

Fox, J. Dartmouth. 

Foid, J, Gloucester. 

Foster, H. and W. G. Sharp, Ba- 
singhall-street. 

Friday, R. jun. Isleworth. 

Gale, J. Paternoster-row, 

Gardiner, G. St. John’s-street. 

Gartin, S. Wood-street. 

Gill, T. Little Tower-street. 

Gilbert, R. T. Stockbridge. 

Gorton, J. Henry-st. Hampstead- 
road. 

Grant, A. Broad street-place. 

Graham, J. Birmingham. 

Graham, Sir R. London, bart. 
J. Railton, Manchester, and 
J. Railton and J. Young, 
London, merchants. 

Grinstead, C. and J. Lanham, 
Horsham. 

Hailstone, W. Mildenhall, Suf- 
folk. 

Hartley, J. Manchester. 

Haywood, G. Birmingham. 

Heming, J. and E. Hornblower, 
Bishopsgate-street. 

Hewitt, B. and Co. Nantwich. 

Humphreys, S. Charlotte-street, 
Portland-place. 

Hulse, R. Hinckley. 

Hurndall, J. Bristol. 

Inving, J. jun. Carlisie. 

Jackson, R. Cannon-street. 

Jenks, W. Aldermanbury. 

Jerome, 8. Birmingham. 

Kidd, J. Newcastle-upon-Tyne. 

Lathy, J. Honiton, Devon. 

Lawledge, M. Harley-street. 

Lawrence, R. Minety, Wilts. 

Langhorn, H.and W. Brailsford, 
Bucklersbury-. 

Maberly, J. Welbeck-street. 

Matthews, P. Hagley, Worcester. 

Meatyard, T. Fontimell Magna, 
Dorsetshire. 

Miller, R. Old Fish-street- 

Moody, C. Hitchin. 


Swaine and Co. 
Woolcock, J. Truro, draper. (Gates. 


Morgan, J. Stroud, Gloucester. 

Mowbery, A. and J. Wetherell, 
Lothbury. 

Neville, R. Colchester. 

Newton, M. Neweastle-upon- 


yne. 

Neyler, H. Bristol. 

Nowill, J. and J. Birch, Jewry- 
street. 

Phillips, A. and B. Loser, Salters’ 
Hall-court. 

Phillips, J. Prickett-green. 

Pratt, C. Bishopwearmouth. 

Raven, J. Burton-upon-Trent. 

Rice, J. New Shoreham. 

Richardson, J. Manchester. 

Richardson, G. Mecklenburgh- 
square, and I’. Vokes, Glou- 
cester-street, Queen-square. 

Richardby, J. Durham. 

Ridout, J. P. Bridport. 

Sargent, T. Milbank-row, West- 
minster. 

Seaton, J.F. and R. Pontefract. 

Sinalpage, J. Leeds. 

Smedley, W. Burton-upon-Trent. 

Snuggs, W. A. and J. Walley, 
Lime-street. 

Staniforth, W. Little Eastcheap. 

Stewart, H. Worcester. 

Stockhouse, W. Blackburn, Lan- 
easter. 

Studd, J, L. Kirby-street, Hatton 
Garden. . 

Swaney, J. Austin Friars. 

Sykes, W. and J. Shackleton, 
White Lion-street, Norton 
Falgate. 

Thomas, W. Titchborne-street. 

Tuck, B. Thrapston. 

Walker, J. jun. Axbridge, So- 
merset. 

Whitehouse, J. Oxford. 

Wilson, W. Shadwell. . 

Woolwich, G. and J. Spital- 


square. ; 
Worksop, J. G. Nottingham, 
Wright, Bellbroughton, 
Worcestershire. 
Yates, S. Wood-street. 


POLITICAL AFFAIRS IN 


MARCH. 


GREAT BRITAIN. 
; ihe the last year the amount of gold 
brought into the Mint and coined, 
was £9,520,758 13s. 10d. The Bank 
of England notes in the same period, 
was in January, 1521, from £21,571.714 
to £25,904.357 ; and in January, 1822, 
from £16,566,720 to £20,283,480. Thus 
the addition made to the circulation by 
the gold coinage has been greater by 
four millions, than the diminution 
from the reduction of Bank notes. In 

Monroy MAG. No. 366, 


truth, it is a vulgar error, that the dis- 
tresses of the country arise from any 
withdrawing of the currency in the ag- 
gregate; for the distress arises only 
from its partial distribution, from the 
public annuitants being, as to the coun- 
try at large, a body of non-residents, 
who draw thirty millions per annum 
to the metropolis, leaving but a frac- 
tion in general circulation, though this 
fraction determines the prices of the 


great majority of the markets. Yet 
x Gs our 


ed 


266 


our Senators and Public Speakers con- 
tinue fighting with the wind, and seek- 
ing for remedies, while they are in 
utter darkness as to the true cause. 

Mr. Humn’s acumen and industry 
have not failed him during the present 
session, and never did a man deserve 
better of his country, or obtam more 
general gratitude, although he makes 
no impressiou on ministerial and profit- 
ing majorities. For details we refer to 
Dolby’s, or any publication of the de- 
bates. 

A most extraordinary document was 
brought to light within the month, in 
the following circular, addressed by the 
Secretary cf the Treasury to members 
of Parliament. We trust its exposure 
will be followed by an impeachment: 


(PRIVATE). 


Downing-street, 8th March, 1822. 

“ My dear Sir,—On Wednesday next, the 
13th instant, a motionis to be made by 
Lord Normanby, to abolish the office of 
one of the Postmasters-general: and on 
the 14th, the day following, Mr. Creevy 
makes a similar motion against the Board 
of Controul. 

*¢ Tn this manner, the just and necessary 
influence of the Crown is from day to day 
attacked; and, as other motions of a simi- 
lar nature are to be made by Lord Althorpe, 
&c. it will be quite impossible for any set 
of men to conduct the government of this 
country, unless practices of this kind shall 
be successfully resisted. 

“It seems as if the Opposition, in de- 
spair of coming into office, had determined 
to break down the means of administering 
the affairs of the country ; and as this sub- 
ject is become most serious, I have no 
scruple of apprizing you of what is now 
passing, with the hope and expectation 
that you will think it necessary to attend, 
and thus to lend your aid in stemming the 
torrent of such dangerous innovation. 

“Yours sincerely, 
“ C, ARBUTHNOT.” 

By dexterous management, the minis- 
ters have contrived, within the month, 
to convert one hundred and fifty-five 
wnillions of five per cent. stock into 
four per cent., by which the annuifants 
will lose one million and a quarter of 
interest, while seven millions and three 
quarters will be added to the nominal 
amouut of the National Debt in the four 
per cents. 

On the 13th, Lord Normanby moved 
for the removal of one of the two 
postmasters, as a sinecure, one of them 
(Clanearty) having been for menths 
together as an ambassador abroad. In 


Political Affairs in March. 


| April f, 


the dehate the ministers openly avowed 
that useless offices were necessary to 
enable them by their influence to carry 
on the government After a sharp de- 
bate, in which Sir J. Sebright, Sir J. 
Mackintosh, and Mr. Bankes, took a 
distinguished part, the house divided, 
for it 159, against it 184. Among the 
former were forty-eight county mem- 
bers, and among the latter, but twelve, 
with sixty placemen. As this division 
has been the most marked of thesession. 
and it seems to record the conduct of 
public men, we have given it beneath. 


Against Lord Normanby’s Motion. 

J. Alexander—E. H. A’Court— Right Hon. 
C. Arbuthnot—Lord Apsley—Lord Ancram 
—G.C. Antrobus—P. Browne- J. Balfour 
—Right Hon. W. S. Bourne—R. Bruce— 
J. Buchanan—Lord Binning— Hon. S. Bath- 
urst—Right Hon. B. Bathurst—T. H. Broad- 
head—Lord Brudenell—M. Barne—Colonel 
Barry—R. Blake—T. H. Bradshaw—Sir U. 
Burgh—- Lord G,. Beresford—J. Blair—J. 
Black burne—J. Brogden—Sir L. Cole— Lord 
T. Cecil—A. Campbell—Marquis Chandos 
—T. P. Courtenay—W. Courtenay— Lord 
Cholmondely —J. Calvert—Hon. Col. Cust— 
E. M. Cheere— J. W. Croker—G. Cumming 
—Right Hon. &. Canning—Sir C. Cockerell 
—J. Cripp:—Vise. Cranbome—R,. Clive— 
Sir G. Cockburn—Lord Clive—E. J. Collett 
—Sir J. S. Copley—A. Dalrymple—T. Di- 
veit -G. Dawson—J. Dodson—J. Dunlop— 
H. H. Drummond—R. Downie—T. T. Drake 
—H. Dawkins—J. Dawkins- W. R. K. 
Douglas— Right Hon. W. Dundas—T. G. 
Estcourt—W. Egerton—L. Evelyn—C. R. 
Ellis—T. Ellis—J. Fleming—Lord Forbes— 
W. Freemantie—J. Fleeming—F. Forrester 
Col. Gossett—Lord F. L. Gower—A. C. 
Grant—Hon. W. Gordon—Lord Graves—J. 
Gladstone— D. G. Gilbert—Right Hon. H. 
Goulburn— G. W. Grant—Sir R. Gifford— 
H. Gurney—G. Holford—W. Holmes- Sir 
G. Hill—Sir H. Hardinge—Right. Hon. W. 
Huskisson—J. A. Hodson—Sir W. Hope— 
J. Irving—G. H. Jollifle—Hon. C. C, Jen- 
kinson— Hon. T. Knox—D. Kerr—Lord 
Lindsay—Hon. H. Lindsay—S. J. Lloyd— 
H. F. Luttrell—J. F. Luttrell— Vis. Lowther 
—J. Lowther—Hon. W. Lascelles—Marquis 
of Londonderry—T. F. Lewis—W. E. Lock- 
hart—Right Hon C. Lone—tLerd G. Lennox 
—T. P, Macqueen—E. A. Macraghten—G. 
Mundy— R. Magennis—Sir T. B. Martin— 
W. Manning—Sir P. Musgrave—Lord C. 
Manners— Lord R. Manners—C. Mills—Sir 
H. B. Neale—Sir M. Nightingale—Sir G. 
Nugent— Hon. F. J. Needham— A. Onslow— 
Sir J. Osborn—Sir F. Ommaney— Sir P. Pole 
--Vis. Pollington—J. Pitt—WVis. Palmer- 
-ston—M. G. Prendergast--G. H. D. Pennant-- 
J. Plumber—W.G.Paxton—Hon.B. Paget— 
Rt. Hon. R. Peel—Dr. Phillimore—Rt. Hon. 
W. Plunkett—W. Y. Peel— Hon. E. Phipps 
—Sir W. 


1822.j 


—Sir W. Pringle—Rt. Hon. Sir W. Rue— 
Hon. G. Rice—Right Hoh. F. Robinson— 
Sir J. Rowley—J. W. Russell—Right Hon. 
R. Ryder—Vis. Sandon—Hon. J. Seott—Sir 
G. Shiffner— C. Smith—G. H. Sumner-—Ld. 
G. Somerset—Lord R. Somerset—-T. W. 
Strutt—Sir R. Shaw—A. Stewart—H. Sey- 
mour—Lord Strathaven—R. Sheldon— Sir 
H. Taylor-—G. W. Taylor—Colonel Trench 
—H. Twiss—H. Townsend—Earl of Ux- 
bridge—M. Ure—G. V. Vernon—Right Hon. 
J. Villiers—Right Hon. N. Vansittart— E. B. 
Wilbraham—R. Williams—Sir H. W. Wil- 
son—C. Wetherell—T. Wilson— R. Welles- 
ley— C. Warren—J.$. Wortley— Right Hon. 
Sir G. Warrender—Colone! Wood—R. Ward 
—Right Hon. F. Wallace—Sir W. W. Wynn 
—C. W. Wyna—R, Wilmot—W. W. C. 
Wilson—H. Willoughby—W. Windham— 
Earl of Yarmouth. 

Tellers—Sir G. Clerke ; S. R. Lushington. 

Minority in its Favour. 

Hon. J. Abercromby—Vis. Althorpe—Sir 
J, D. Astley—J. W. Beaumont—J. F. Bar- 
ham—Sir l’. Baring—S. B. M. Barrett—Hon. 
H. G. Bennet-- B. Benyon—R. Bernel—J. 
Birch—H. Bright—Sir F. Burdett—Lord 
Bury—G. Byng—J. Benett—H. Bankes— 
John Baiilie— Vis. Belgrave —Lord W. Ben- 
tinck—Sir F. Blake—T. F. Buxton—Sir J. 
F. Boughey—C. Brandling—J. Butterworth 
—C. Caleraft—J. Calvert—Hon. G. Camp- 
bell—Lord G. Cavendish—C. Cavendish—H. 
Cavendish - Sir I. Coffin—T. W. Coke—N. 
R. Colborne—L. Concannon—Sir W. De 
Crespigny— Sam. Crompton—Thos. Creevy 
—G. Chetwynd—Sir C. Coote—Hon. F. 
Calthorpe — Panton Corbett — Sir Charles 
Cole—G. H. Cherry— T. H. Davies—W. J. 
Denison —D, Dugdale —G. Doveton— D. 
Davenport—W. Dickinson—Vis. Ebrington 
—E, Ellice—Vis. Eastnor—Sir R. C, Fer- 
guson—Lord W. Fitzgerald—Lord C. Fitzroy 
-——Lord J. Fitzroy—J. H. Foley—R. Far- 
rand—J. Fane—M. Ford—W. H. Fellowes 
—S. Graham —Pascoe Grenfell—J. W. 
Griffiths—Sir Wm. Guise—T. S, Gooch—G. 
Gipps—-W. Haldimand-—Lord A. Hamilton 
—J. C. Hobhouse-—Hon. W. Howard—J. 
Hume—R. Hurst—Hon C. H. Hutchinson 
—Sir C. Hulse—Sir E. Hervey—T. F. Ken- 
nedy—G. A. Legh-Keck—Hon. G. Lamb— 
J.G. Lambton— Sir W. Lemon—T. B. Len- 
nard—S, Lushington—J.H. Langstone—W. 
Leuke—E. Littleton—Ralph Leycesier—Sir 
T. Lethbridge—J. Maberly—W. L. Maberly 
—J. Macdonald—Sir J. Mackintosh-—John 
Martin— Hon. W. Maule—Peter Moor—S. 
Majoribanks—J. Marryat—P. Miles— Hon. 
R. Neville—R. W. Newman— Right Hon. 
Sir John Newport—J. O’Callaghan—W. Ord 
—Lord Ossulstion—C. F. Palmer—T. Pares— 
G. Phillips—G. R. Phiilips—Henry Peirse— 


Robert Price—Sir J, Pollen—F. Pym—E.. 


Portman—W. Rickford—D. Ricardo— Sir 
M.W. Ridley—A. Robarts— SirG. Robinson 
—Lon J. Russell—R. G. Russell—T. S. 
Rice—A. Robertson—C. Rumbold—Hon. R. 


Political Affairs in March. 


267 


Smith—W. Smith—J. Smith—G. Smith—S. 
Smith—Abel Smith—R. Smith—R. Scuda- 
more—J. Scott—D. Sykes—Sir J. Sebright 
—Sir John Shelley—M. A. Taylor—Right 
Hon. G, Tierney—C. K. Tynte—C. A. Tulk 
—C. Tennyson— Lord C. Townshend—lord 
Walpole— J. A. Warre—E. Webbe—J. 
Wharton—S. Whitbread—O. Williams. —T. 
P. Williams—Sir R. Wilson—Sir T. Win- 
nington—M. Wood—J. Wells—Ed. Wode- 
house —Hon. H. R. Westenra-— Sir J. Yorke. 
Tellers—Vis. Duncannon; Vis. Normanby. 

From the report of the committee of 
the general penitentiary at Milbank, it 
appears that the number of prisoners 
in the penitentiary, has been within 
the intended number cf 1000, (600 
males and 400 females.) There were 
within its walls, on the 81st of Dec. 
last, 708 convicts: and the number in 
March, 1822, was 723; viz, 399 males, 
and 324 females. 

It appears by the following statement 
that, including the vote of £154,200 
for 1522, the sum of £4,418,798 has 
been expended upon dock-yards and 
works connected with them and the 
breakwater at Plymouth since 1811; 
and that of £1,163,821 will be required 
to complete the works new in progress. 


Sums estimated for the improvement of 
Yards at home and abroad, from 1811 to 
1822, both inclusive. 

Deptford 


Victualling Department 5 aide 
Woolwich 174,741 
Chatham 482,804 
Sheerness 1,355,941 
Portsmouth : 

Ditto, Victualling Department ¢ 20p te 
Plymouth e : 4 272,882 
Ditto, Sound é 4 702,749 
Pembroke 127,070 
Hawibowling Isiand . 143,072 
Pater 131,500 
Leith 12,139 


Admiralty Office : : 8,450 
Royal Marine Barracks, Woolwich 17,225 


FOREIGN YARDS. 

Bermuda 252,340 
Jamaica : ‘ 45,000 
Halifax . . 452 
Kingston, Canada 21,330 
Gibraltar 21,000 
Malta 11,200 
Trincomalee 80,000 
Antigua 2,500 
Expended to 1821 4,264,598 
Estimate for 1822 154,200 
Total sums voted 4,418,798 

Estimate to complete works cer- 
tain, and others uncertain 1,163,821 
£5,582,619 


Population 


268 
Population of Ireland in 1821. 


Counties. Pop. in 1821.\Counties. Pop. m 1821. 
LEINSTER. Waterford Co. 127,679 
Carlow 81,287| Waterford City 26,787 
Drogheda Town = 18,118 Tag RE 
Dublin County — 160,274 2,005,363 
Dublin City 186,276 
Kildare 101,715 ULSTER. 
Kilkenny County 157,096) Antrim 261,601 
Kilkenny City 23,239) Armagh 196,977 
King’s County —-132,319|Carrickfergus T. 8,240 
Longford 107,702|Cavan 194,330 
Louth 101,070) Donegal 249,483 
Meath 174,716] Down 329,348 
Queen’s County 129,391) Fermanagh 130,399 
Westmeath 128,042|Londonderry 194,099 
Wexford 169,304] Monagan 178,183 
Wicklow 115,162) Tyrone 209,691 
1,785,702 2,001,966 
CONNAUGHT. 
MUNSTER. Galway County 286,921 
Clare 209,695|Galway Town 7,827 
_ Cork County 702,000] Leitrim 105,976 
~ Cork City 100,535|Mayo 297,538 
Kerry 205,037|Roscommon 207,777 
Limerick County 214,286/Sligo 127,879 
Limerick City 66,042 E= 
Tipperary 353,402 1,053,918 
SUMMARY. Inhabitants. 
Leinster - - 1,785,702 
Munster - - 2,005,363 
Ulster - - 2,001,966 
Connaught - - 1,053,918 
Total 6,846,949 


N.B. When the deficiencies in this Table 
shall have been supplied by the final Re- 
turns of the Enumerators, as certified by 
the Magistrates, the total number of the 
Inhabitants will, it is thought, amount to 
upwards of Seven Millions. 

The following is a copy of the peti- 
tion adopted at the late Westminster 
Meeting, and presented to the Com- 
mons of the United Kingdom of this 
13th day of February, 1822. 

SHEWETH, 

That your Petitioners have, on various oc- 
casions of public importance, petitioned the 
House of Commons for a redress of grievances. 

That during the last forty years they have 
many times petitioned the House of Commons 
for a redress of what they have always con- 
sidered the greatest of all grievances, the 
want of an adequate representation of the peo- 
ple in the Commons House of Parliament. 

That on some occasions the Petitions of 
your Petitioners have been rejected— on other 
occasions treated with contempt—but on no 
occasion have their prayers been attended to, 
or any relief afforded. 

That your Petitioners, in consequence of 
the treatment of which they complain, had 
almost determined to refrain altogether from 
Petitioning. But, however hopeless your 
Petitioners may in this respect be, their duty 
to their suffering fellow-countrymen induces 
them once more most respectfully, yet in 
plain and unadorned language, to lay before 
your Honourable House the heads of their 
numerous and well-grounded complaints ; and 


Political Affairs in March. 


{April I, 


to pray for that redress which it is easy for 
your Hon. House to afford them. 

Your Petitioners assure your Honourable 
House that it is with great pain they come 
before your Honourable House withnumerous 
allegations of misconduct, from which no Ad- 
ministration, and no House of Commons, dur- 
ing the last six years, can be exempted. 

Your Petitioners allege— : 

1. That the members of your Honourable 
House are returned by a very small minority 
of the housebolders of these realms. 

2. That a majority of the members of your 
Honourable House are returned by less than 
the one-thousandth part of the male adult 
population of these realms. 

3. That the means by which a majority of 
the members of your Honourable House are 
returned, are—the undue influence of Peers 
—the undue influence of some very few 
wealthy persons—the undue influence of the 
Treasury—the influence of terror, as it is in 
various ways exercised over electors, and by 
other modes and practices, all of which. are 
inimica] to free election and good govern~ 
ment; all of them calculated to make your 
Honourable House én AristocraticalOligarchy, 
instead of making it, as it should be, a De- 
mocratical Representation. 

Your Petitioners allege, that to the defec- 
tive state of the Representation of ihe people 
in your Honourable House, is to be attributed 
most, if not the whole, of the evils with 
which the country has been and is afflicted. 

Your Petitioners allege— 

1. That the lamentable and fatal war 
which severed the American colonies from 
this country—-a war against human freedom 
in support of taxation without representation 
—would not have taken place had the House 
of Commons at that time fully represented 
the people. 

2. That the loss of lives, the immense loss 
and waste of property, the vast expense and 
enormous increase of the public debt and 
taxes which that war occasioned, would not 
have taken place had the: people been duly 
represented in the Commons House of Par- 
ment. 

3. That the war against our American 
brethren— besides the loss of the colonies, and 
the heavy burdens it caused to be laid upon 
the people, was also productive of an in- 
crease of patronage, influence, and corrup- 
tion, highly injurious to these realms; and 
tbat those evils had their source in the want 
of a due representation of the people in the 
Commons House of Parliament. 

Your Petitioners allege— 

1. That the war commenced in 1793 
against the people of France, was to prevent 
that people from ridding themselves of a hate- 
ful, oppressive, and destructive government ; 
and for the purpose of preventing a reform 
in the Commons House of Parliament in this 
country. : 

2. That the evils to humanity caused by 

that 


1822.] 


that long continued war, can scarcely be pa- 
ralleled in the history of the world, and have 
no parallel] in modern annals. 

3. That the loss of lives in that war, the 
waste of the public resources, and the pro- 
fligacy with which it was conducted, can 
as littie be paralleled in the history of this 
country. 

4. That he monstrous debt incurred is op- 
pressive and destructive, palsying exertion, 
beggaring the people, and increasing the in- 
fluence of the crown to an enormous and most 
dangerous extent. 

5. That the unparalleled amount of taxes, 
caused by the boundless extravagance with 
which the war was conducted, the undue in- 
fluence necessary to the support of Ministers, 
exceeds the sum of one million of pounds ster- 
ling for every six working days in the year, or 
one hundred and eighty thousand pounds for 
every-such day in the year. 

6. That the intolerable burden of taxation, 
and the consequent misgovernment to which 
these realms have been subjected have greatly 
abridged the people’s liberties,—loaded the 
country with a standing army in time of 
peace—driven many of our fellow-subjects in 
Treland into a state of desperation—nearly 
ruined commerce—caused a rapid decay of 
trade— injured manufactures —depressed agri- 
culture—increased the poors’ rates to an 
amount nearly equal to that of the whole 
public revenue fifty years ago—reduced the 
circumstances of all the useful part of the 
community—made nearly one in seven of the 
whole population a pauper—and brought the 
greater part of the most intelligent, most in- 
dustrious, and most virtuous people in exist- 
ence to a state bordering ondespair. 

Your Petitioners are fully satisfied that 
these enormous and still-increasing evils 
would none of them have existed had the 
people been fully represented in the House of 
Commons. 

Your Petitioners alleze— 

1. That the Habeas Corpus Act, the safe- 
guard of our liberties, has been several times 
suspended for considerable periods of time. 

2. That attempts have been made against 
the lives of our fellow-subjects by constructive 
ireasons. 

3. That by recent Acts of Parliament the 
long practised and highly useful right of the 
people to meet to Petition the King, or either 
House of Parliament, has been in all cases 
greatly re.tricted, and in many totally pre- 
vented, 

4. That by the same Acts the Liberty of 
the Press has been greatly infringed upon, and 
new and unheard of punishments, even to the 
extent of banishment, have been denounced. 

5. That by the same Acts the power of 
holding to bail, and of inflicting very severe 
panishments, hasbeen given to justices of the 
peace, for what they may in their opinion, 
deem libels ; and that heavy punishments 
have been inflicted in cases in which the par- 
ties so punished bave, by a jury of their own 
country, been acquitted of all crime. 


Political Affairs in March. 


269 


Your Petitioriers believe that none of the 
causes of complaint would have existed had 
the members of the House of Commons 
been elected by the great body af the people. 

Your Petitioners allege— 

1. That the peaceable citizens have been 
attacked by soldiers 5 that numbers have been 
slain ; and that upwards of four hundred men, 
women, and children have been at one time 
wounded, or otherwise injured by such an 
attack. 

2. That notwithstanding the notoriety of 
this atrocious outrage, no public enquiry has 
been made, but that the perpetrators of the 
atrocity have been thanked by ininisters and 
otherwise rewarded. 

3. That still more recently two of our fel- 
low-subjects have been shot in the public 
streets; thatan inquest has on oath declared 
one of those shootings to be a manslaughter, 
and the other a Wilful Murder, by Life Guards- 
men, but no effort has been made by those in 
authority to bring either of the persons so ac- 
cused to Justice. 

Your Petitioners are satisfied that none of 
those atrocities would have been committed 
had the House of Commons been composed 
of members elected by the grent body of the 
people. 

Your Petitioners have no hope of relief 
from whatis called economical retrenchment ; 
they are satisfied that retrenchment to an ex- 
tent calculated to relieve the people is utterly 
incompatible with the system pursued by 
Ministers; and which must continue to be 
pursued by whomsoever the Government may 
be administered, until a thorough reform may 
be made in your Honourable House. 

Your Petitioners are well aware of the 
evils caused by a fluctuating value in the 
currency. They know it was impossible for 
Ministers to have kept their places had the 
currency been suffered to continue in a state 
of depreciation in time of peace ; and to this 
circumstance it is that your Petitioners attri- 
bate the measures taken to restore the paper 
currency to an equal value with gold. 

Your Petitioners are fully persuaded that so 
long as your Honourable House shall continue 
to be composed of members not chosen by a 
majority of the freemen of these realms, so 
long will the country be liable to all the evils 
which must ever attend a currency fluctuating 
in value; for experience forbids them even 
to hope that a House of Commons not elected 
by a majority of the people of these realms 
will ever refuse to the Minister for the time 
being the power to debase the currency 

Your Petitioners have felt and deplored the 
sufferings of all classes, caused by the mis- 
conduct they have pointed out; they deplore 
the sufferings just now more particularly in- 
flicted on those employed in raising produce 
from the earth; but they are satisfied that a 
general deterioration of the circumstances of 
every description of persons will yet further 
take place, if the system of governing hitherto 
pursued be persisted in; and they do most 
respectfully declare their conviction that the 

System 


270 


system will never be changed nor any relief to 
the snffering people be given by any House of 
Commons, the members of which are not re- 
turned by the free will of a majority of the 
people. 

Your Petitioners greatly fear that unless a 
thorough reform in your Honourable House 
speedily take place, a violent revolution may 
be anticipated. 

To prevent the evils we anticipate—to 
rectify as muck as may be possible all errors— 
to put an end to all abuses—to tranquillize 
the minds of the people—and as an earnest 
return to a wholesome state of things, we 
pray— 

That your Honourable House will take into 
your most serious consideration the complaints 
and allegations contained in this Petition, and 
will cause an immediate and full enquiry to 
be made into the state of the representation 
of the people in your Honourable House, 
with a view to a thorough refurm thereof. 


FRANCE. 

The kingdom of the Bourbons seems 
to be passing away. They were years 
in the school of experience, and they 
learned nothing. They now play with 
fire, and they must expect to be scorch- 
ed. Every arrival from France excites 
lively expectations, and the eyes of all 
Europe are directed to the operations 
of GENERAL BERTHON on the Loire, 
who, we have heard, is a man of great 
ability. All the votes of the Chambers 
cannot but add thousands to his forces, 
by the contempt with which they treat 
the best principles of the Charter, Two 
hundred and nineteen of the Deputies 
voted for the law against the press, and 
but one hundred and_ thirty-seven 
against it, while twenty-five refused to 
vote on a question which, as determined 
by the Charter, was not open to discus- 
sion. Again the common sense of the 
French people is outraged by an hypo- 
critical attempt to introduce a spirit of 
religious fanaticism, such as degrades 
too many countries; and the essays of 
the preachers in the churches of Paris 
have given rise to as many tumults. 

A change of the French ministry, an 
administration of liberales,and a literal 
respect for the Charter, are the only 
means of saying France from a terrible 
re-action. 

ITALY. ; 

A new eruption of Vesuvius com- 
menced on February 18th, which on 
the 19th was so violent as to cause an 
extended earthquake. 

UNITED STATES. 

The following is the fourth census of 
the people of the United States of 
America: 


Political Affuirs in March. 


| April 1, 
Maine 298,335 | Georgia 340,989 
New Hampshire 244,161 | Alabama 127,901 
Massachusetts 523,287 | Mississippi 75,148 
Rhode Island $3,0/9 | Louisiana 153,407 
Connecticut 275,218 | Tennessee 422,813 
Vermont 235,754 | Kentucky 564,317 
New York 1,372,812 | Obio 581,434 
New Jersey 277,575 | Indiana 147,178 
Pennsylvania 1,049,398 | Illinois 55,211 
Delaware 72,749 | Missouri 66586 
Maryland 407,350 | Ter.ot Michigan 8,296 
Virginia 1,065,366 Arkansas 14,273 


North Carolina 638,829 
8. Carolina,except 

Kershaw Dist. 490,309 Grand Total 9,625,734 
The slaves amount to about 1,531,436, and 
the foreigners not naturalized, to 53,646. 
The persons engaged in agriculture, were 
2,065,499 ; in commerce, 72,397; in manu- 
factures, 349,247. 

SOUTH AMERICA. 

We rejoice at being able to announce 
the independence of Panama, and 
the Isthmus of Darien, proclaimed at 
Porto Bello, Dec. 5. It completes the 
emancipation of the great Isthmus 
which unites Southand North America, 
and these provinces will form a consi- 
derable republic. 

In like manner, the insolent prin- 
ciple of legitimacy, or the property of 
nations in besotted families, has re- 
ceived another lesson in the Brazils, 
where the fine city of Pernambuco dis- 
played a spirit on the 5th of Jan., 
which we trust the next advices will 
prove to have extended to all Brazil. 

Callao surrendered to the illustrious 
San Martin, on the 21st of September. 
There are, however, reports of differ- 
ences between him and Cochrane, but 
happily Peru and Chili are indepen- 
dent. 

Vera Cruz, also has surrendered in 
Mexico, and Iturvebé acts as nobly as 
Bolivar, so that the whole continent of 
America is free from foreign domina- 
tion, except what remains in the North 
and in Brazil, and we regard this as a 
blessing equal to the mother countries 
and the colonies; for the former may 
derive even greater benefits from the 
independence of the latter, while they 
cease to be cursed by that influence of 
patronage which colonies confer. The 
error and delusion of the colonial sys- 
tem begins now to be duly felt. 

THE IONIAN ISLANDS. 

When the diplomatic arrangements 
at Vienna, forced on Europe a variety 
of political absurdities, one of the 
greatest was the nominal placing of the 
Ionian Islands under the remote pre- 
tection of Great Britain, but as now 
appears, placing them under British 
sovereignty. What is gained by any 
party is inconceivable, and the people 

of 


Dist. of Columbia 33,039 


1822 | 


of these islands deprived of their in- 
dependence, seem to be irritated toa 
degree which must lead to constant 
enmity and murder. The newspapers 
have for many years been filled with 
details, and we have occasionally allud- 
ed to them, but by the following ex- 
tracts from a speech of the British lord 
commissioner, a General Maitland, it 
appears to have been deemed expe- 
dient to disarm these people, to super- 
sede their laws and constitution, and 
place the whole under martial law! 

However deeply I may lament, (says 
Maitland) the irritation which has existed, 
I am willing to allow that it admits of 
great palliation under all the circumstances 
of the case. It did not surprise the exe- 
cutive Governmeat, when the spirit of re- 
volt against the Turkish yoke reached the 
continent immediately adjacent to the 
southern part of these states, that the 
people should display the strongest sym- 
pathy ia favour of the insurgents, who 
were of the same religious persuasion as 
themse!yes, with similar habits, language, 
and manners : on the contrary, the circum- 
stances of the case naturally gave rise to 
the belief that enthusiasm would prevail 
for the emancipation of those who had long 
suffered under a rule of great severity. 

I beg to remind you, that the proclama- 
tions against clandestine departure from 
the Islands were not issued till scenes such 
as these had passed; nor till a regular 
manifesto had been published in the Morea, 
signed by natives of Cephalonia and Zante, 
deelaring themselves the chiefsand generals 
of the united forces of those Islands. 

The conduct of the Parganots is also to 
be noticed, as exhibiting a scene which it 
was impossible for the Government to pass 
over, unless it tamely consented to be con- 
sidered as a party to a transaction the 
most lawless and unprincipled. [I allude 
to the regular military expedition from 
these islands against Parga, by its former 
inhabitants who had found an asylum in 
these States ; and to the positive refusal 
on the part of this Government again to 
receive them after the defeat they had 
suffered in their predatory expedition. 

I wil! not dwell on the horrible massacre 
of the unfortunate Turks, in the island of 
Cerigo, for I wish for ever to throw a 
veil over that transaction. But I cannot 
pass over the unhappy affair of Zante, 
with which is immediately connected 


Incidents in and near London. 


271 


the declaration of martial law, and the 
decisive measure of disarming the popula- 
tion of the Ionian States: for, without 
entering into any long detail of what took 
place on this melancholy occasion, a brief 
statement of the case appears to me to be 
necessary. 

A Turkish brig of war, surrounded by 
Greek cruisers, after resisting their attack, 
anchored in a bay at the back of the is- 
land, in the vicinity of the town; the 
population of which, and of the neigh- 
bouring villages, had assembled to witness 
the naval engagement. A small detach- 
ment of an officer and twenty men were 
sent to ensure the observance of the 
Sanita laws on the part of the Turks, when 
the people commenced an attack upon his 
Majesty’s troops, wounding an officer, 
killing a soldier, and wounding two others, 
before they could retreat into a house from 
which they might defend themselves : and 
when a reinforcement arrived, the people 
retired for the time. 

Gentlemen, I ca!l this an act of open 
and flagrant rebellion, without provocation, 
for there was not the slightest; and the 
troops in fact, were employed at the mo- 
ment in the service of the people, to pre- 
vent the danger of the introduction of the 
plague into the island. 

Having now, then, shortly narrated those 
prominent transactions which drove the 
Executive Government to the adoption of 
strong measures, it is necessary that I 
should explain myself more at length in 
regard to the strongest of those measures 
—the disarming the population of these 
states, and the declaration of martial 
law. 

But it may be asked, on what grounds 
this measure of apparent severity has been 
carried into effect in Cephalonia, in Santa 
Maura, and even in this island? It is true 
that the people of Cephalonia had never 
committed outrages such as those exhibited 
at Zante; although, as I have already 
shewn, they bad acted in a manner highly 
culpable, contrary to the declared neu- 
trality of the Government, in support of 
the insurrection in the Morea. This is- 
land was, however, as liable as Zante to 
the approach of the contending squadrons; 
and it was impossible, after what had 
passed at Zante, that in the event of a 
contest occurring between these vessels 
near the shores of Cephalonia, for the 
Executive Government not to anticipate a 
similar scene of disgraceful tumult. 


INCIDENTS, MARRIAGES, AND DEATHS In AND NEAR LONDON, 
With Biographical Memoirs of distinguished Characters recently deceased. 
——— 


CHRONOLOGY OF THE MONTH. 
R. CALCRAFT, in the 
Feb, 28. M House of Commons, moved 
a repeal of that most oppressive impost, 


the salt tax. It was negatived by a ma- 

jority of four only. 
March |. Sir M. W. Ridley moved the 
abolition of the office of the two Lay Lords 
of 


272 


of the Admiralty; it was carried by a ma- 
jority of 54—the numbers 182 and 128. 

— 2. The extensive premises of Mr. 
Bagster, bookseller, of Paternoster row, 
were destroyed by fire. 

— 6. At the Old Bailey sentence of 
death was passed on fourteen prisoners— 
six for burglary, two for highway robbery, 
and six for stealing in dwelliug-houses. 
Six prisoners were sentenced to transpor- 
tation for life, and thirty-six for seven 
years. A great number of prisoners were 
sentenced to various minor punishments. 

— An extraordinary phenomenon hap- 
pened on the river Thames—the wind 
blowing with violence from SW. the tide 
was interrupted for several hours—the ri- 
ver was fordable, ships were aground in al} 
parts of it below London Bridge Four 
distinct islands were formed between Lon- 
don and Southwark bridges. 

— 12. It was announced to the House of 
Commons, by the Chancellor of the Exche- 
quer, that the King had given up £30,000 
per annum from the Civil List for the pub- 
lie good. 

— 14. A numerous and highly respect- 
able meeting took place at Hackney for 
the purpose of considering the propriety of 
petitioning parliameat on the general dis- 
tress of the country, the amount of taxa- 
tion, and the necessity of Parliamentary 
Reform. The High Sheriff took the chair, 
and the Rev. Mr. Draper proposed several 
energetic resolutions. 

— 26. This day the Court of Chancery 
determined that Mr. Lawrence’s Lectures 
were not entitled to legal protection, owing 
to their teaching doctrines of materialism, 
assumed to be contrary to Holy Scripture. 
Messrs. Shadwell and Wetherell made 
learned polemical discourses on the occa- 
sion, whose tenor carried us back to the 
trial of Joan of Are ‘for witcheraft, and that 
of Galileo, for asserting doctrines which 
were also assumed to be contrary to Scrip- 
ture. These attempts to controul the free- 
dom of enquiry and discussion, and to mix 
force with faith, must be regarded as re- 
trogradations of human interests, and can- 
not but fill with deep concern every lover 
of Truth, and every believer of that Reli- 
gion which is not of this world, and which, 
therefore, requires not the presumptious 
protection of fallible man. Those, on the 
contrary, who maintain that it requires 
such legal or forcible protection, concede 
the best argument in proof of Christianity ; 
and are, in truth, guilty of greater blas- 
phemy against divine revelation and the 
Omnipotence by which, as such, it must be 
sufficiently supported, than those whom 
they prosecute in direct opposition to the 
doctrines of the very religion which they 
profess. 

A new club, intitled The United Uni- 
versity Club, to cousist of five hundred 


Marriages in and near London. 


[ April 1, 


members from Oxford, and the like num- 
ber from Cambridge, has been lately 
formed in London. A superb building is 
to be erected for the club on the space 
near the King’s Mews, Charing-cross. 
The following is a list of the number of 
beasts, sheep, calves, aud pigs sent’ to 
Smithfield Market for sale, from Monday, 
Jan 1, 1821, to Monday, December 31st 
following, both inclusive, viz — 


Beasts, total quantity - 149,466 
Average per week = - 2820 
Sheep, total quantity - 1,298,180 
Average per week - - 24,493 
Calves, total quantity - - 21,487 
Average per week - - 405 
Pigs, total quantity = - - 19,192 
Average per week = - 362 
MARRIED. 


At Weybridge, Surrey, Lieutenant Na- 
thaniel Barwell, R.N. son of Osborn Bar- 
well, esq. to Susan Anne, daughter of J. C. 
Middleton, esq. 

At St. Michael’s, Cornhill, John Robert 
Turing, esq. of Rotterdam, to Jane Stewart, 
second daughter of Alexander Fraser, esq. 
of Aberdeen. 

At Lower Tooting, Mr. H. W. Lord, to 
Miss Gibson, of Upper Tooting, 

At St. Mary’s, Lambeth, Mr. William 
Senior, of Bush-lane, Cannon-street, to 
Dorothy Anna, daughter of the late Richard 
Price, esq. of Stepney. 

At St. Luke’s, Chelsea, Mr. James 
Turner of Fleet-street, to Sarah Ann, 
daughter of the late Mr. Phillip Powell, of 
Hereford. 

At the Earl of Albemarle’s house, in St. 
James’s-square, by especial license, Mr. 
Coke, of Norfolk, to Lady Ann Keppel, 
second daughter of his Lordship. 

At St. George’s, Bloomsbury, the Rev. 
Thomas Hyde Ripley, vicar of Wooten- 
Bassett, to Caroline Augusta, daughter 
of J. B. Tyndale, esq. of Lincoln’s Inn- 
fields. 

John Whalley, esq. of Caroline-place, to 
Charlotte, daughter of Jacob Goodhart, esq. 
Manor-house, Tooting. 

David Stow, esq. of Glasgow, to Marian 
Sarah, daughter of the late John Freebairn, 
esq. of Colebrook-row. 

Mr. R.S. Ashby, of Stoke Newington, to 
Ann, daughter of John Brett, esq. Luton, 
Bedfordshire. 

Robert Browne, esq. of Welbeck-street, 
to Maria, daughter of Thomas Nisbett, esq. 
of Kingsland-place, Middlesex. 

The Hon. George Agar Ellis, esq. fo the 
Hon. Georgiana Howard, second daughter 
of Viscount Morpeth. ; 

At Chatham, Lieut.-col. Dashwood, to 
Caroline, daughter of Sir Robert Barlow, 
K.C.B. 

Aaron Joseph, esq. of Churcb-street, 
Minories, to Matilda, daughter of the late 
Mr. Lyon Phillips. 

Thomas 


1822.] 


Thomas West, esq. to Mary, daughter 
of Sawyer Spence, esq. of Upton, Essex. 

Charles Telford, esq. to Sarah, daughter 
of the late John Kymer, esq. of Streatham. 

Alfred Lewis, esq.of Southampton-street, 
Euston-square, to Mary Ann, daughter of 
Isaac Stockwell, esq. 

J. F. Thomas, esq. of the New Road, 
to Miss E. Ottley, of Fleet-street. 

Robert George Banks, esq. paymaster 
of the 16th regiment of infantry, to Mrs. 
Burns, sister and co-heiress of the late 
Thos. Truman, esq. of Stamford. 

Mr. W. Fisher, eldest son of N. Fisher, 
esq. Bermondsey, to Miss Rachael Sloane, 
only daughter of John Sloane, esq. 

Samuel Barlow, jun. esq. of Mitcham- 
house, to Miss Mary Anne Slark. 

The Hon. John Henry Knox, to Lady 
Arabella Needham. 

John Tyrrell, esq. of Lincoln’s Inn, to 
Miss Mary Anne Mackintosh, of Exeter. 

John Walter, esq. of the Middle Temple, 
to Miss Pearce, of Abingdon. 

The Rev. E. Polehampton, rector of 
Greenford Magna, Middlesex, to Miss Eli- 
zabeth Stedman, of Shrewsbury. 

Mr. John Knapp, of Mary-le-bone, to 
Miss Lydia Powell, of Fownhope, Here- 
fordshire. 

Cornelius Hanbury, of Tottenham, to 
Mary Allen, of Plough-court, Lombard- 
street, both of the Society of Friends. 

A.J. Droop, esq. of Stamford-hill, to Miss 
M. Richmond, of John-street, Bedford-row. 

William Irish, esq. of Cannon-street-road, 
to Miss Mary Phoebe Foster, of Queen- 
street, Ratcliffe. 

William Bond, esq. of Stamford-hill, to 
Miss Martha Draper, of Islington. 

Frederick Thesiger, esq. barrister at law, 
to Miss Anna M. Tinling, of Southampton. 

William George Kirkpatrick, esq. to 
Miss Catherine Turner of Isleworth. 

Thomas Walker, esq- of Danes’-hill, Not- 
tinghamshire, to Miss Mary Stones, of Ken- 
tish Town. 

DIED. 

In Grove-road, Hackney, Mrs. Celia 
Dent. 

At Old Field, East Acton, Middlesex, 
Charles Essex, esq. ; 

At Colonade House, Blackheath, 22, Mr. 
Nathaniel Randall. 

At an advanced age, John Heywood, 
esq. formerly of Austin-friars. 

In Church-lane, Chelsea, 41, Miss 
Barker. 

At Merchant Tailors’ School, 74, the 
Rev. Thos. Cherry, B.D. vicar of Sellinge, 

At Haverstock-hill, Hampstead, 22, Miss 
Susannah Ann Hodsoll. 

Suddenly in a fit of apoplexy, Mr. Nixon, 
many years warden of the Fleet prison, in 
which situation, without oppressing the 
prisoners, he acquired a considerable for- 
tune, 

MONTHLY MAG. No. 366. 


Deaths in and near London. 


273 


At Tanner’s-hill, Lewisham-road, Mrs. 
Louisa Rolfe. 

Mrs. Pearkes, 73, widow of Martin P. 
esq. of Upper Harley-street. 

At Kew Green, 101, J. Montagu, esq. 

In Dartmouth-street, 75, Rear Adm. 
Abraham Guyott. 

In Great Russell-street, Bloomsbury, 
56, Sarah, wife of W. Alair, esq. 

At Kennington, 68, Mr. W. Bonner, 
late Chymical Accountant at Apothecaries” 
Hall. 

At Florence, Charles Cazenove, esq. late 
of Copthall-court. 

Mrs. Pindar, Grove lane, Camberwell. 

At her grandson’s in Horsleydown, Mrs. 
Clarkson, aged 99. 

After six years painful illness, which 
she bore with the greatest fortitude and 
resignation, Charlotte Davis, wife of 
Abraham Davis, esq. of Great Queen- 
street, and daughter of the late M. and 
R. Solomon, of Birmingham. 

In his 78th year, at his house at Windsor, 
Wm. Gorton, esq, many years in the 
establishment of George the Third, and the 
gentleman to whom the documents were 
addressed which we lately published in 
this miscellany. 

At Calais, Mrs. Elizabeth Gascoyne, 
formerly of Islington-road. 

In Gracechurch-street, Bessy, the wife 
of Mr. Richard Slater. 

After a long and painful illness, Mrs. 
Catherall, wife of Mr. Catherall, of Pall 
Mall. 

In her 54th year, after a most painful 
and protracted illness, Mrs. Wright, wife 
of Mr. Thomas Wright, one of the princi- 
pal door-keepers of the House of Lords. 

At Tottenham, Mrs. Frances Francels. 

Suddenly, as she was going to sit down 
to dinner, Mrs. Cary, widow of the late 
Mr. Peter Cary, of Goswell-street. 

Aged 43, Mr. John Samuel Hayward, of 
Newington Causeway. 

James Dolegal, esq. late of London 
Field, Hackney, aged 76. 

Aged 23, Mr. Samuel Cordell, son of 
Wm. Cordell, esq. Dalby-house, City-road. 

Aged 36, Mr. G. Wells, of Denmark- 
hill, Camberwell. 

At his house at Banstead, in the 80th 
year of his age, the Rev. Henry Taylor, 
LL.D. rector of Spredlington, Lincolnshire. 

At Kensington, 72, Mr. Samson Coys- 
garne, formerly a purser in the Royal 
Navy. 

At Brampton, in Cumberland, 
Charles Ewart, of Swallow-street. 

In South Audley-street, aged 12 months, 
Augusta, daughter of W.C. Hughes, esq. 

Aged 22, Miss Catherine Sayer, second 
daughter of Augustine Sayer, esq. 

At 109, Penchurch, aged 22, James 
Boyes Thornton, youngest son of the late 
Thomaz Thornton, esq. of Scarborough. 

2M Mr 


Mr. 


274 

Mr. Arthur Fordyce, aged 21. 

At her apartments in Fenchurch-street, 
aged 83, Mrs. Zimmermann, widow of 
Mr. Z. sugar-refiner, 

At Hawthorn-hiil, Berks, in the 91st 
year of his age, Whitshead Keene, esq. 
For further particulars see Wales, p. 288. 

Aged 44, Mr. John Williamson, of Croy- 
den, Surrey. 

At her house, Richmond-hill, Surrey, 
65, Mrs. Jane Delafosse, widow of the 
tate R. M. Delafosse. 

At his house, Chiswick, 74, Skynner 
Woodroffe, esq. 

Aged 20, Edward, eldest son of Mr. 
Cherrill, Newcastle-place, Clerkenwell. 

At Cheshunt, Hertfordshire, 17, after a 
short ‘illness, Elizabeth, daughter of the 
late Stephen Cattley, esq. of Camberwell. 

' W. E. Edwards, third son of Thomas 
Edwards, esq. of Hoddesdon, Herts. 

Donald Stewart, esq. of Mile-Eud-road, 
aged 64. 

At Stoke, near Guildford, aged 90, John 
Fiughes, esq. F 

At East Acton, Middlesex, C. Essex, esq. 
: In Northumberland-street, Strand, 19 
Miss M7. J. Price. 

At Stoke Newington, 27, Mrs. Catherine 


‘99: 

In Pall Mall, 59, Lady Morland, wife 
of Sir S. B. Morland, bart. 

In Poland-street, 47, Mrs. E. M. French, 
wife of J. French, esq. of East Horndon, 
Essex. 

In Gower-street, Alexander Hawthorn, 
esq. formerly of Jamaica. 

In Leigh-street, Burton Crescent, Mrs. 
Frances Maria Abbott. 

In Vauxhall-place, 70, Mrs. Elizabeth 
Jay. 

In Edwardes-street, Kensington, Mr. 
Snow. 

At Paddington, 49, Mrs. Elizabeth 
Hogg. 

In Castle-street, Falcon-square, 73, Mrs. 
Elizabeth Fenn. 

In Upper Thames-street, Mrs. Jacques. 

In Leicester street, Leicester square, 
3), Mrs. Sophia Jones. 

At Tottenham High Cross, 76, Simon 
Wragner, esq. 

At Albany, Surrey, 86, the Rev. W. 
Polhill, many years the respectable rector 
of that place. 

At Adelstone, Surrey, Chas. E. Whit- 
loek, esq. formerly the spiritedand success- 
ful proprietor and mauager of the New- 
eastle and other theatres. He married 
Miss E. Kemble, sister of Mrs. Siddons. 

In the Temple, James Boswell, esq. 
Barrister at Law, and Commissioner of 
Bankrupts. He was the youngest son of the 
companion and author ef “ the Life of Dr. 
Johuson.” Mr. B. edited several editions. 
»He was know and esteemed by an exten- 
sive circle of literary acquaintance ; and to 


Mr. Boswell.—WMr. 


‘outls, {April 1, 
his care Mr. Malone confided the superin- 
tendence of his new edition of Shakespeare, 
which Mr. B. edited in a manner highly 
ditable to himself. 

On Sunday, February 26, at his house in 
Stratton-street, Piccadilly, 87, Thos. Coutts, 
esq. the oldest and most opulent banker in 
London. Mr. Coutts was a native of Scot- 
land, where his father acted as a banker in 
Edinturgh, and placed his eldest son John 
as his agent in London, who began the 
great concern, of which the subject of this 
article was atthe head. A few years after 
John took his youugest brother Thomas 
into partnership, and the house has con- 
tinued to rise gradually to its present state 
of opulence. This house enjoyed a pecu- 
liar advantage, for there was not thena 
banker west of Temple-bar, the house of 
Drummond commencing about the same 
time. From their correctness in business 
aud growing’ reputation, these two houses 
gained a large portion of the nobility and 
gentry residing westward, a business which 
had been previously confined to Messrs. 
Hoares and Goslings. The affairs of 
banking in London was begun by the gold- 
smiths, who having places of safety for 
their own valuable articles, persons were 
induced to send their notes, cash, &e. to 
them for safety, and to draw as they 
wanted. The house of Coutts was never in 
that business. Mr. Thomas Coutts married 
a Mrs. Elizabeth Starkey, who, it seems, 
was his brother’s servant, and this event 
was a temporary cause of shyness between 
them ; which however soon vanished. By 
this lady he had three daughters, the eld- 
est married to Colonel North, eldest son of 
the minister, Lord North, who died Earl of 
Guilford; the second is the widow of the 
late Marquis of Bute, and the youngest 
is the wife of Sir Francis Burdett. On the 
death of his brother, Mr. C. became the 
head of the house, and succeeded to his 
fortune, which enabled him to give to each 
of his daughters 30,0001. on the day of mar- 
riage. Mr. Coutts, although the very soul 
of the banking house, had pariners he 
could confide in, and found time to take 
his three daughters on an excursion to 
Italy, at the time Mr. Burdett, eldest 
brother of Sir Francis, and Lord Montacute 
were on their travels. It was said among 
the English in Italy, that the two travel- 
lers were to have married two of Mr. 
Coutts’s daughters; but the tragieal death 
of those two gentlemen at the falls of 
Schaffhausen put an end to these prospects, 
and one of the daughters has since been 
happily joined in wedlock to the surviv- 
ing brother of Mr. Burdett. Mr. Coutts 


-was for many years in habits of intimacy 


with Mr. Garrick, Mr. Smith, and other 
celebrated theatrical characters; and by 
frequenting the Green Room he became in- 
timate with) the amiable Miss Mellon, to 

whom 


1822. ] 


whom he afterwards was attached. His 
first favour bestowed on this lady is said to 
have been a present of ten thousand 
pounds. The possession of such a sum of 
money enabled her to live in a manner so 
far beyend what her salary as a performer 
would allow, that her friends gaye out she 
had gained a prize of ten thousand in the 
lottery. She afterwards purchased property 
at Cheltenham and the estate she has long 
enjoyed at Highgate. Whether any thing 
more than platonic love existed between 
them, cannot be determined, but the scan- 
dalous Chronicles began to whisper, and 
Mr. Coutts is said to have introduced Miss 
Mellon to his family as his natural daughter. 
In three days after his first wife died, he led 
Miss Mellon to the altar, whese beneyo- 
lent and generous conduct, as Mrs. Coutts, 
is wellknown. Many years ago Mr. Coutts 
purchased the house at the corner of Strat- 
ton-street, which, whenhiseldest daughter, 
Lady Guilford, lost her husband, he much 
enlarged, so that she lived some time under 
the same roof with him. Although in this 
splendid mansion, as his first wife was ra- 
ther of a penurious disposition, he did not 
live in a very splendid manner, yet on his 
second marriage he began to exhibit the 
highest style of living ; his present Majesty 
and the princes of the blood often visiting 
him. As a man of business Mr. Coutts 
was indefatigable, and at the age of eighty 
he conducted the chief correspondence of 
the concern himself. He had three gentle- 
men concerned with him, Sic Edmund An- 
trobus, Sir Coutts Trotter and Mr. Majori- 
banks; bui he still would be the active 
man, and used to go to the banking house 
every morning at 9,and there employ himself 
until the business of the day was over. By 
an arrangement he made some time hefore 
his death, he !eft his share ofthe banking 
house to Mrs. Coutts, to whom he also left 
all his property, which it is said amounts to 
upwards of 700,000]. exclusive of a very 
large fortune which had been beforesettled 
upon her. This distribution of his pro- 
perty to the exclusion of his children has, 
of course, been much canvassed, and many 
reports have prevailed which it is not our 
business to record. The lady is said by 
some to consider herself merely as a trustee 
with sole powers, while others relate that 
she has made offers of contingent advan- 
tages to the daughters, which they have 
not judged it proper to accept. From our 
knowledge, however, of her liberal charac- 
ter, we are persuaded that if a reaction of 
feelings does not take place, the results will 
be satisfactory and honourable toall parties. 
Be it as it may, the rise of an actress, the 
daughter of the post-master of Cheltenbam 
‘to be the moat wealthy female of her time, 
is a social phenomenon. 
On Friday, March 8th, at his seat 
Burton Hall, in Yorkshire, 83, — that 


Christopher Wyvill.—-A. VW. Devis, Esq. 


2795 


venerable and enlightened patriot, the Rev” 
Christopher Wyvill. Ue was educated 
at Cambridge, where he became acquaint- 
ed with the late Dr. Jebb. On being 
admitted into holy orders, he was pr e- 
sented with the rectory of Black Notley, 
in Essex. He has long been at the 
head of the active votaries for a reform in 
Parliament. After being rector of Notley 
for about thirty years, and after exerting 
himself to procure relief to the clergy in 
the subscription to the Thirty-nine Arti- 
cles, on finding his efforts unavailing, he, 
in a letter to the Bishop of London, resign- 
ed his living, a measure which honoured 
his principles. Mr. Wyvill was, like Maj. 
Cartwright, a great advocate for parliamen- 
tary reform, but certainly on a more prac- 
ticable plan. On this subject he has pub- 
lished many works, as will be seen by the 
following list of his publications. Heat 
one time was in so much fayour with the 
people of Yorkshire, that he might with 
ease haye carried his election for the coun- 
ty, had he not been in holy orders. The 
freeholders, however, shewed their attach- 
ment to him by electing to the present Par- 
liament Marmaduke Wyvill, esq. his near 
relation. His writings are— 

Thoughts on the Thirty-nine Articles, 4to. 1772. 

Letter to the Committee of Belfast on the Pro- 
posed Reformation in the Parliament of Ireland. 
1783. 

Summary Explanation of Mr. Pitt’s intended Bill 
for Amending the Representation. 1786. 

A Defence of Dr. Price and the Reformers of 
England. 1792. 

A State of the Representation of the People of 
England. 1793. 

Political Papers, chiefly respecting the attempts 
of the County of York, &c. toeffect a Reformation 
of the Parliament, 4 vols. 8yo. 1794; to which 
two more volumes were added in 1806, 

Consideration on the Two-fold mode of Election 
adopted by France. 1804. 

A more extended Discussion in favour of Liberty 
of Conscience recommended. 1803. _ 

Iniolerance the Disgrace of Christians, not the 
fault of Religion. 1809. . 

An Apology for the Petitioners for Liberty of 
Conscience. 

Papers on Toleration. 1801. 

Political Arguments for Reform. 1811. 

A Dispassionate Address to the Subjects of Great 
Britain. 1793. : 

Familiar Letters on a variety of Subjects. 1793. 

The Friendly Call of Truth and Reason to a new 
Species of Dissenters. y 

Observations on the Expediency of Parliamentary 
Interpretation of the Toleration Act. 1799. 

The Esculapian Monitor; or, Guide to the His- 
tory of the Human Species, and the most important 
Branches of Medical Philosophy, 181]. 

With many single Sermons, &c. 

On Monday, Feb. 11, at his house in Ca- 
roline-street, Bedford Square, Arthur Wil- 
liam Devis, esq. On the 19th his remains 
were deposited in the front church-yard of 
St. Giles’ im the Fields, on which occasion 
many of his brother artists, who respected 
soth the man and his talents, attended his 
funeral to pay the last tribute to departed, 
worth. Mr. Devis, at an early period of 
life, was distinguished ag an historical and 
portrait painter of considerable talent. On’ 

some 


276 
some flattering prospects held out to him, 
he was induced to go to India, where he 
practised his art with success for several 
‘years, at the time Lord Cornwailis was 
Governor-general. He afterwards pro- 
ceeded on a voyage of discovery in the In- 
dian seas with Capt. Wilson, who discover- 
ed the Pellew Islands, where the ship was 
lost. On his return to England he painted 
the large picture of “ Tippoo Saib’s sons de 

livered as hostages to Lord Cornwallis,” (of 
which transaction he was an eye-witness) 
with portraits of the principal persons pre- 
sent ; which, with those of the “ Death of 
Nelson,” and “the Barons swearing to sup- 
port Magna Charta,” place him ina high 
rank in the historical department of art. 
The grace, beauty, and delicacy with 
which he designed and finished his por- 
traits, (particularly his females and chil- 
dren) render his works in this line equally 
worthy of admiration. In fact, Mr. Devis, 
both as an historical and portrait painter, 
was an ornament of the British School, and 
the death of such an artist is to be con- 
sidered as a national loss. 

In Pall Mall, 59, after a severe and 
painful illness, the Rev. Hdward 
Daniel Clarke, LL.D. Professor of Mine- 
ralogy, and librarian of the University of 
Cambridge. Soon after taking his degree 
Dr. Clarke accompanied the present Lord 
Berwick abroad, and remained for some 
time in Italy. The classic scenes he there 
met with, and his own inquisitive genius, 
stimulated him to enter into a wider field 
of research ; and, shortly after his return 
to England, he embarked on those travels 
which have rendered his name so cele- 
brated throughout Europe, indeed, we 
may add, in every quarter of the civilized 
world. To enter into any description of 
them is needless—they are before the pub- 
lic; they have been, and will continue to 
be the delight and solace of those who 
have not been able to visit other coun- 
tries. Dr. Clarke has somewhere men- 
tioned all the excellencies which must 
unite to form a perfect traveller: he must 
have the pencil of Norden, the pen of Vol- 
ney, the learning of Pococke, the perse- 
verance of Bruce, the enthusiasm of Sa- 
vary—of all these Dr. Clarke united in his 
own person by far the greater share. No 
difficulties in his progress were ever al- 
lowed to be insuperable; and upon all oc- 
casions he imparted to others a portion of 
his own enthusiasm. It was upon his re- 
turn from this extensive tour, during 
which he had visited nearly the whole of 
Europe, and parts of Asia and Africa, that 
Dr. Clarke presented to the University 
those memorials of his travels which now 
decorate the vestibule of the library ; and, 
as some return for the splendour which his 
name has conferred on the University, he 
was complimented in full senate with the 


Dr. Clarke.—John Stewart, Esq. 


[April 1, 


degree of LL.D. From that moment the 
residence of the traveller was confined to 
Cambridge, and he shortly after com- 
menced those public lectures in mineralogy, 
which, if possible, have made his name 
more known and honoured, both in this 
and in foreign countries, than even his 
long and interesting travels. Natural 
history was his earliest and most favourite 
study, and that particular branch of it 
which refers to the mineral kingdom soon 
engrossed the whole of his attention. In 
the delivery of his celebrated lectures, 
Clarke was without a rival—his eloquence 
‘was inferior to none ; (in native eloquence, 
perhaps, few have ever equalled him in 
this country ;) his knowledge of the sub- 
ject was extensive ; his elucidation clear 
and simple; and in the illustrations which 
were practically afforded by the various 
and beautiful specimens of his minerals, 
he was peculiarly happy. Most of those 
specimens he had himself collected, and 
they seldom failed to give rise to the most 
pleasing associations by their individual 
locality. We may justly apply to him in 
the delivery of his lectures what was en- 
graven on the monument of Goldsmith, 
“ Nihil quod tetigit, non ornavit.’ Of the 
higher qualities of his mind, of his force 
and energy asa Christian preacher, of the 
sublimity and excellence of his discourses, 
his crowded congregations are testimony 
sufficient. For the estimation in which 
Dr. Clarke was held by foreigners, we may 
in the same manner refer our readers to the 
various Honorary Societies in which his 
name stands enrolled ; and we may safely 
say, that to no one person has the Uni- 
versity of Cambridge been more indebted 
for celebrity abroad during the last twenty 
years, than to her late librarian Dr. 
Clarke. 

Feb. 29, after a short illness, John Stew- 
art, esq. commonly known by the name of 
Walking Stewart, or the traveller. Mr. 
Stewart was born in or near London, in the 
year 1744, and being educated at the 
Charter-house, was sent out early in life in 
the civil service of the East India Company. 
He served theresome time, and made some 
money, but setting up as a reformer, and 
not being able to make good some charges 
he had brought, he quitted the service and 
travelled over various parts of India. He 
was taken prisoner by Tippoo Sultan, and 
was for some time in the Mysore service, 
and employed in some expeditions against 
the country powers. He quitted that ser- 
vice as soon as he could, and entered into 
that of the Nabob of Arcot, to whom he 
acted as one of his secretaries, and who 
became indebted to him in a considerable 
amount. On quitting the Indian service he 
returned to England by a very cireuitous 
journey. For some time after his arrivai, 
he appeared in an Armenian dress which 

he 


1822.] 


he had worn in his travels; for Stewart 
through life afiected siugularity. - He 
brought over with him only a moderate 
fortune, which he invested in the French 
funds, and those soon after failed. This 
greatly distressed him, but he was re- 
lieved by the generosity of a sister’s hus- 
band, till the French began to pay the 
dividends, by which he found his income 
reduced two-thirds. With this, however, 
by great frugality he lived. Here, how- 
ever, he met with a check; the French 
would not pay the dividends to a person 
residing in England. Stewart withareso- 
lution and firmuess which marked his cha- 
racter, instantly embarked for New York, 
residing there long enough to become an 
American citizen; aad, after sending to 
France a certificate thereof, he returned to 
England. While in America he supported 
himself by lecturing, but his strange me- 
taphysical notions, were not likely to suc- 
ceed in that country. Fortunately for him 
a commission was issued under the autho- 
rity of parliament, to investigate the Na- 
bob of Arcot’s debts. Mr. Stewart assert- 
ed his claim, and had a very censiderable 
sum awarded him by the commissioners. 
The stock created for this he sold, and in- 
vested great part of his money in a life 
annuify, on which he was enabied to live 
ina genteel style. For some time he gave 
weekly dinners, with a view, as he said, to 
draw all the intellect round him; but this 
he afterwards~ changed to concerts and 
lectures on a Sunday evening given by 
himself. For many years he had employed 
himself in writing and priating works 
which no one would buy and few would 
read. His intellects were not deranged, 
but his notions were very extraordinary, 
owing perhaps to an affectation of being 
the founder of a sect—to a love of novelty 
and the want ofa regular education ; but 
even his enemies allow he was correct in 
his morals. His works have all very quaint 
titles; as “ Travels to discover the Source 
of Moral Motion, and the Apocalypse of Na- 
ture, whereby the source of Mora! Motion is 
discovered.” This was printed as long ago 
as 1759. “ The Tocsin of Britain, with a 
Novel Plan for a Constitutional Army,” 
1794. ‘Good Sense, addressed to the 
British nation ;” “the Philosophy of Hu- 
man Society ;” ‘ the Moral or Intellectual 
Will and Testament of John Stewart, the 
only Man of Nature that ever appeared in 
the World,” 1810; “ the Scripture of 
Reason and Nature,” 1813. The last 
work he published, had for its object to 
prove that the liberties of all countries 
were in proportion to the taxes they paid. 
Thus, said he, Britain has the heaviest 
taxation, and is the freest country of Eu- 
rope, Holland the next, &c. With these 
notions he amused himself; but much of 
his writing and his conversation, proved 


Dr. Caleb Hillier Parry. 


277 
that his mind was executive, wavering, 
and illogical. 

In Sion-place, Bath, 66, C. H. Parry, 
M.D. F.R.S. highly and deservedly lament- 
ed. Dr. P. received his general education 
at Warrington, and his medical and philo- 
sophical instructions in the schools of 
Edinburgh and Loudon. Atan early age 
he married Miss Rigby, of Norwich, whose 
brother, Dr. Rigby, has lately terminated 
an honourable and distinguished profes. 
sional life. About forty years ago Dr. 
Parry commenced his medical life at 
Bath, from which period, during the first 
dawning effulgence of his extraordinary 
powers, and the shining meridian of his 
matured knowledge, he gradually advanced 
his character as a great practical physician, 
and medica] philosopher, till his useful and 
active powers, were destroyed by a sudden 
attack of palsy in the year 1816; and the 
effects of this attack were so complete and 
universal as to annihilate bis faculties and 
usefulness. His first professioua! literary 
effort, was in a communication addressed 
to the Medical Scciety of Londor, on the 
nature and pathological history of certain, 
commonly called, nervous affections of the 
head, for which he recommended compres- 
sion of the carotid arteries, on a priveiple 
which subsequent observations on these 
diseases, have confirmed and extended. 
The genius and original power of cbser- 
vation in the author were manifested in 
this tract, and were the foundation of fur- 
ther improvements in pathology. In the 
year 1797, he published a treatise on An- 
gina Pectoris, the leading and essentially 
important part of which was first commu- 
nicated to him by his old and distinguished 
friend, Dr. Jenner, though it received ad- 
ditional demonstration from his own obser- 
vations. This essay was received by the 
profession as an additional indication of 
Dr. Parry’s original talents, and is recog- 
nized as a standard work of excellence. 
Dr.Parry’s next work was one that evinced 
his general knowledge asa natural historian 
and physiologist, its title, “ a Treatise cn 
Wool.’ The circumstances which led Dr. 
Parry, to the contemplation of, and a series 
of experiments on this interesting branch 
of natural history and national importance, 
are too curious not to be slightly detailed. 
The late King, George II. had sent two 
Merino rams, of the purest breed, for the 
use of the Bath and West of England 
Agricultural Society, then in its infancy, 
with a view to ascertain the possibility of 
the production of the finest Spanish wool 
in England. Dr. Parry, impressed with 
a conviction of the absurdities of those 
opinions which attributed to the climate of 
Spain exclusively, the power of production 
of this wool, determined to submit, his opi- 
nion to the test of experiment, and accord- 
ingly, though occupied with the increasing 
claime 


278 


claims of medical practice, and possessing 
only a small and unfavourable extent of 
land for, the purpose, he succeeded in 
proving the justness of his own theory, 
and in actually leading other distinguished 
individuals, the late Lord Somerville, &e. 
to the production of this article, in a de- 
gree of perfection rather superior to the 
original Spanish breed. The subject was 
pursued with activity and ability by many 
other able experimentalists, but to Dr, 
Parry was exclusively due the philosophi- 
eal investigation of the subject, and which, 
though not strictly medical, is (like the 
investigations of the late John Hunter,) 
So near in its affinity to medicine and com- 
parative physiology, as to prove that the 
one and the other are connected objects for 
pursuits of the same mind. Dr. Parry, 
though surrounded by incessant occupa- 
tions, next published “ Observations on 
the Pulse,” and on a fact not known be- 
fore, the formation of new arterial branches 
in quadrupeds, when the parent and prin- 
cipal trunks had been obliterated by liga- 
ture, contrary to what had been observed 
to take place in man under similar cireum- 
stances. This entirely original fact, though 
not yet acted upon, has not been contro- 
verted by succeeding experimentalists. 
Dr. Parry further gave to the world a Trea- 
tise on Hydrophobiaand Tetanus, in which 
the histories of these generally fatal dis- 
eases are most ably traced from observa- 
tion. Butthe greatest and best charac- 
teristic work of this eminent philosopher 
and physician, is, “ the Elements of Pa- 
thology” published in 1816. This exhi- 
bits a great system of original and unex- 
ampled depth of observation, accuracy of 
conclusion, and abundance of fact and 
illustration. Perhaps it may be an object 
of regret, that the author capable of re- 
cording and deriving conclusions from 
experience like his, should have retarded 
to a late period of the existence of his 
powers, the putting in an earlier claim and 
record to opinions which were indisputably 
and originally hisown. If sooner promul- 
gated by himself, his just pretensions to 
fame, founded on his undisputed and early 
promulgation of pathological opinions, now 
universally adopted, and which essentially 
distinguish the present from the past state 
of mediciue, would be unequivocally ad- 
mitted. Itis, however, known, that when 
the doctrises of the medical profession 
were greatly different from those now pre- 
vailing, Dr. Parry alone advocated and 
taught principles, which have effected a 
change ia medical philosophy. At the 
meetings of the Bath aud West of Eng- 
land Agricultural Society, his reasonings, 
remarks, and communications were in the 
highest degree instructive, enlightening, 
and entertaining. To his efforts the high 


Captain Robert Corbett. 


[April 1, 


estimation which this society possesses is 
not in a small degree referable, and espe- 
cially to the joint energy and exertions of 
Sir Benjamin Hobhouse, bart. late presi- 
dent of the Institution. Dr. Parry has 
left two sons—the first, Dr. C. H. Parry, 
of Bath, the other the distinguished com- 
mander of the Northern expedition. The 
professional character of the elder of these, 
as well as his general attainments, are 
worthy of his father, and of the latter it 
would be snperfluous to say any thing in 
addition to the estimation expressed by his 
country of his services. 

[The late Captain Robert Corbett, R.N. 
who had attained much reputation in the 
navy for the possession of uncommon zeal, 
talents, and boldness, intermixed with 
harshness as a disciplinarian, was born ip 
the county of Waterford, in Ireland. At 
an early age he entered into the sea ser- 
vice, and by his own merits alone, attained 
the rank of Lieutenant at the expiration of 
the stated six years of servitude as mid- 
shipman. After a considerable time he 
procured the command of a cutter on the 
Mediterranean station, during the expedi- 
tion to Egypt. Unfortunately she ran on 
shore during a fog and was lost. Being 
ordered to England, he took a passage 
on board a sloop of war charged with 
duplicate despatches of impertance, but 
having a long passage home, the captain 
conceiving them of little importance, 
on-his arrival, requested Mr. Corbett, as 
he was going to town, to deliver them at 
the Admiralty. Most fortunately for the 
bearer they proved to be the first irtelli- 
gence, and he received the usual rewards 
on such occasions, a present of 500]. and 
elevation to the rank of commander, be- 
sides being soon afterward nominated to 
command the Bittern sloop of war. In 
this vessel he proceeded again to the Medi- 
terraneau in 1803, serving with great re- 
putation in the fleet commanded by Nel- 
son. The peculiarities of naval discipline 
are very difficult to explain to those unac- 
quainted with the service. Some captains 
aim at shew, at polished iron-work, decks 
whiter and cleaner than any parlour, though 
with hundreds of men constantly in mo- 
tion upon them ; masts tapering delicately 
to walking sticks, the shape ofa cap, the cut 
of a pair of trowsers, or the precise time 
to the quarter of a second, in which a top- 
sailcan be reefed. Others equally zealous, 
but of more judgment, look to the substan- 
tial points of discipline, skill in the ma- 
nagement of the guns, order and activity in 
the evolutions, without inflicting the lash, 
because they are not at all times performed 
at the same instant of time. Captain Cor- 
bett combined both modes: but. the 
consequences were coustant harassing 
exertions and discontent of the crew. 

Favoured 


1822. 


Favoured by forfune in an uncommon 
degree hitherto, she did not desert him on 
another important occasion. The Seahorse 
frigate became vacant. The illustrious 
commander-in-chief intending her for a 
particular officer then absent, waited a 
considerable time for his arrival, but not 
appearing according to orders, the admiral 
displeased, declared she should be given 
to the captain of the first sloop of war that 
should heave in sight. This proved to be 
the Bittern. Captain Corbeit thus gained 
his post rank, the last step accessible by 
interest, without any other friends than 
merit and good fortune. In her he pro- 
ceeded directly for the West Indies in 
search of intelligence of the French fleet 
lately escaped, and returning off Cadiz, 
came afterwards to England without parti- 
cipating in the battle of Trafalgar. In the 
latter end of 1806, he was appoiuted to the 
Nereid frigate, destined to the Cape of 
Good Hope station: The Persian Gulph 
and much of the Indian Ocean were ex- 
plored by his active zeal in pursuit of the 
enemy, who were committing depredations 
on our commerce. In the attack on St. 
Paul’s, in the Isle of Bourbon, and the 
French frigate and captured English In- 
diamen in the bay, he distinguished him- 
self greatly. Of the frigate, afterwards 
named Bourbonnaise, he received the com- 
mand and carried her to England, leaving 
the Nereid behind. This measure was 
perhaps necessary, or at least prudent. 
Much discontent, amounting on one occa- 
sion to open mutiny, pervaded the crew on 
account of his mode of discipline. In June, 
1810, he received the commaud of the 
Africaine, at Plymouth. The crew, how- 
ever, refused to receive him as their cap- 
tain, on the plea of being said to be tyran- 
nical. This unprecedented conduct strik- 
ing at the root of all discipline, created some 
alarm and much surprize. Two admirals 
went on board to investigate the cause of 
dissatisfaction; cries of “no Corbett,” 
were at first heard, but after some little 
difficulty and the most spirited conduct on 
his own part, the discontented were si- 
lenced and the ship put to sea with des- 
patches for Madras. Calling on the pas- 
- Sage out at the Isle of Rodriguez to wind- 
ward of Mauritius, he heard of the expe- 
dition intended to act against the latter, 
and anxious to join it, stood down for that 
island. Arriving off Port South East, Com- 
modore Rowley’s squadron, which had 
formed the blockade, was no where to be 
‘seen; conjecture was busy on the occa- 
sion; taking a survey himself of the ene- 
my’s shipping from the mast head, he pro- 
‘nounced with the unerring judgment of a 
seaman on such occasions, though scarcely 
‘within eyeshot, that an action had cer- 
‘tainly taken place. Seeing a schooner ly- 


Captain Robert Corbett. 


279 
ing In-shore near Cationiere Point, he dis- 
patched the boats to cut her out, in which, 
after a desperate contest and the loss of 
several men killed and wounded, they 
failed, from a body of riflemen being placed 
under cover, whose aim could not be 
evaded. Not more successful in discover- 
ing the commodore off Port Louis, the lee- 
ward harbour of the island, lie directed his 
course for the Isle of Bourbon, lately re- 
duced by the English forces, where the 
unwelcome intelligence was communicated 
of the destruction of our squadron at Port 
South East, in Mauritius, with the single 
exception of the Boadicea, besides the 
capture of the Ceylon frigate, several In- 
diamen, transports, and traders, leaving 
the enemy masters of the sea for the time. 
While listening to the narration at the 
table of Governor Farquhar, at St. Dennis, 
two French frigates, L/Iphigenie and 
L’Astré, appeared in sight. Signals were 
made to the Boadicea, then lying at St. 
Paul’s to the leeward, to join the Africaine, 
which ship put to sea to hang on the rear 
of the enemy, and by her superior sailing, 
to prevent their escape. This manceuvre 
Captain Corbett very ably performed. Im- 
patient at leneth of inaction with an enemy 
nearly under his guns, impetuous courage 
got the better of prudence, and about three 
o’clock in the morning he determined, un- 
supported and alone, to bring his opponents 
to action, which he effected by pushing 
between them under a heavy fire of grape. 
No courage or conduct could compensate 
the inequality oftwo to one. We may beat 
the French, but must not despise them. 
No enemy, however feeble, should be held 
too cheaply. Ju about forty minutes nearly 
half the crew of the Africaine were killed 
or wounded, several guns disabled, and 
the ship finally compelled to submit, a calm 
and total wreck, rendering escape imprac- 
ticable. Among several other officers 
wounded, Capiain Corbett had one of his 
legs shattered by a shot, so as to require 
it to be amputated ; aud, partly from cha- 
grin, died the succeeding day, a little be- 
fore Commodore Rowley by his able dis- 
positions, retook his ship in the face of the 
enemy. He was unquestionably an able, 
zealous and gallant officer, with a strong 
spice of that chivalrous daring character- 
istic of the navy. His whole soul seemed 
devoted to the interests of the service. It 
was the unceasing object of his adoration; 
but he could make no allowances for those, 
who having less prospect of personal fame, 
were less zealous in their exertions. His 
zeal indeed required to be restrained. Few 
officers in the service have been more 
praised or censured. Much of the latter 
however, arose from prejudice and ex- 
aggeration ; but his merits were un» 
doubted.] 

ECCLESIASTICAL 


280 


ECCLESIASTICAL PROMOTIONS. 


The Rey. James Henry Monk, B.D. to 
the Deanery of Peterborough. 

Rev. H. Plumley, M.A. to be Chan- 
celior of Chichester. 

Rey. Richard Greeves, to the Vicarge of 
Deddington, Oxfordshire. 

Rev. S. King, M.A. to the Rectory of 
the Free Chapel of Eastmanstead Latimer. 

Rev. T. C. Adams, M.A. to the Living 
of Folesbill, near Coventry. 

Rey. J.H. Randolph, to the Rectory of 
Fobbing Essex. 

Rev. Joseph Worgan, to the Vicarage of 
Pebworth. 

Rey. R. 8. Barton, to the Vicarage of 
Alconborough cum Weston, Hunts. 

Rev. J. W. Whittaker, M.A. to the Vi- 
earage of Blackburn, Lancashire. 

Rey. Robert Hales, M.A. to the Rectory 
of Hillington, Norfolk. 

Rey. M. Irving, B.D. to the Vicarage of 
Sturminster Marshall, Dorset. 


Provincial Occurrences. 


[April 1, 


Rev. G. Bethell, M.A. to the Vicarage 
of Burnham, Bucks. 

Rev. J. Briggs, to be Fellow of Eton 
College. 

Rev. J. F. Plumtree, to be Fellow of 
Eton College. 

Rey. Charles Collier, to the Vicarage of 
Riby, Lincolnshire. 

Rey.T. Willings, to hold with the Rec- 
tory of Church Lench, Worcestershire, the 
Vicarage of Bromfield, Salop. 

Rev. W. E. Coldwell, M.A. to be Do- 
mestic Chaplain to the Earl of Roden. 

Rey. Henry Bristowe Benson, M.A. to 
the Vicarage of Heckington, Lincolnshire. 

Rey. John Jones, to the Living of Card- 
ley, Worcestershire. 

The Hon. and Rev. R. Bagot, M.A. 
a Prebendary of St. George’s Chapel, 
Windsor. 

The Rey. C. B. Sumner, M.A. Canon 
of Worcester Cathedral. 

Rev. H. Barnes, to the Vicarage of Mon- 
mouth. 


PROVINCIAL OCCURRENCES, 


With all the Marriages and Deaths. 
et 


NORTHUMBERLAND AND DURHAM. 
T the late Northumberland assizes, 
five prisoners received sentence of 
death. At Durbam, two were sentenced; 
one was left for execution. 

The merchants of Newcastle have lately 
petitioned parliament for relief from the 
injurious effects of the altered currency. 

The inhabitants of North Shields lately 
agreed to petition both Houses of Parlia- 
ment for a reyision of the Penal Code. 

Married.) Mr. J. Routledge, to Miss M. 
Preston, both of Newcastle —Mr.T. Reay, 
of Gosforth, to Miss E. Winter, of New- 
castle.—Rey. R. Gibbs, of Newcastle, to 
Miss A. Rose, of Leith—Mr. J. Holmes, 
of Sunderland, to Miss M. Richardson, of 
Bishopwearmouth.—Mr. Swan, to Miss 
Crone, of Monkwearmouth.—Mr. R. Crake, 
of Hallowell, to Miss M. Rowell, of Wid- 
drington.—Mr. G. Askless, to Miss A. 
Liddell, both of Manor Wallsend Colliery. 
—J. Harwood, esq. R.N. to Miss M. Hall, 
of Gainford. 

Died.) At Newcastle, in St. Nicholas’ 
Church-yard, 74, Mrs. Armstrong.—In 
Sandgate, 77, Mr. W. Cox.—At the High 
Bridge, 72, Mr. H. Angus.—In Newgaie- 
street, 80, Mrs. E. Berkley —70, Mr. T. 
Middlemas, 74, Mr. T. Brown, deservedly 
respected. 

At Gateshead, in King James’s-street, 
Mrs. Tod, much respected.—Mr. E. D. 
Miles.—28, Mr. W. Brown. 

At North Shields, 37, Mrs. M. Stewart. 

In the Church-way, 93, Mrs. Tosh.— 
46, Mrs. F. Tate. 


At South Shields, 76, Mr. T. Robson. — 
65, Mrs. J. Anderson. —Mrs. Laws, of 
Bishopwearmouth, suddenly. 

At Sunderland, Mr. W. Anderson.— 
Mrs. J. Johnson.—22, Mr. D. Mackenzie, 
deservedly regretted. 

At Bishopwearmouth, 49, Mr. J. Ranson. 
—76, Mrs. Crosby. 

At Tritlington, P. H. Naters, esq.—At 
Collingwood Main, 57, Mr. R. Hall.—At 
Blaydon, 104, Mr. J. Morrison.—At Lan- 
chester, Miss Ornsby.—At Belford, Mr. 
Henderson.—At Streatlam, 85, Mrs. Dods- 
worth, of Hartley. 

CUMBERLAND AND WESTMORELAND. 

A meeting was lately held at White- 
haven, of shop-keepers and tradesmen, to 
petition Parliament for a reduction of tax- 
ation on articles of consumption, and to 
make up the deficiency by a moderate and 
equitable tax upon real property. 

A numerously signed petition was lately 
forwarded to the House of Commons by 
the occupiers of land at Workington, com- 
plaining of distress. 

The inhabitants of Wigton lately agreed 
to petition Parliament for a revision of the 
criminal code. 

Married.] Mr. D. Stone, to Miss E, 
Monkhouse; Mr, J. Barton, to Mrs. J. 
Trimbie; Mr. F. Story, to Miss Jobson: 


all of Carlisle —Mr. R. Holmes, of Car-- 


lisle, to Mrs. Richardson, of Whitehaven. 
—Mr. R. Kennedy, to Miss A. Gibson ; 
Mr. W. Sullivan, to Miss T. Nuetey: all 
of Whitehaven——Mr. Bacon, to Miss 
Shaw, bcih of Workington.—Mr. W. Bax- 

ter, 


1822.] 


ter, to Miss A. Rigg, both of Kendal.— 
Mr. W. Gill, to Miss A. Dobson, both of 
Strickland Kettle—Mr. J. Rickerby, of 
Wigtou, to Miss Wilson, of Brigham.— 
Mr. R. Longrigg, of Burnthwaite, to Miss 
M. Emmerson, of Blackwell-hall. 

Died.| At Carlisle, 21, Mr. J. Raper — 
75, Mrs. B. Glaister—In Caldewgate, 48, 
Mr. J. Ferguson.—27, Mrs. M. Wilson.— 
Mr. J. Forster, late of Ware.—20, Miss 
M. Wartz.—78, Mrs. M. Matthews. 

At Whitehaven, Miss S. A. Kirby, much 
respected.—75, Mrs. E. Fisher. 

At Workington, 71, Mv. J. Cameron. 

At Maryport, 22, Miss M. A. Rochford. 
—73, Mr. J. Wils6n.—Mary Irvine, one 
of the Society of Friends. 

At Kendal, 36, Mrs. M. Stevenson.—31, 
Mrs. M. Mason.—35, Mr. R. Woof. 

At Scotby, 80, John Irwin, one of the So- 
ciety of Friends—At Low Cummersdale, 
Mr. T. Hetherington—At Upperby, 25, 
Miss E. Charters —At Wetheral, 86, Mrs. 
M. Hall. 

YORKSHIRE. 

A respectable meeting was lately held at 
Knaresborough, Mr. John Foster in the 
chair, when a petition to Parliament was 
unanimously agreed to, praying for relief 
in the recovery of debts under 15]. An 
adjourned meeting then took into consider- 
ation the propriety of immediately taking 
measures respecting the medicinal spring 
lately discovered, adjoining the town; 
which, after being aualysed, closely re- 
sembles the famous Seidlitz Water. A 
committee was appointed to investigate the 
subject farther. 

Geological phenomena have lately been 
discovered in Yorkshire. The bones of 
elephants, rhinoceroses, hippopotami, hy@- 
nas, elks, &c. have been found in a cave 
of limestone. 

Married.) Mr.T. England, to Miss 8. 
Whitaker; Mr. R. Boler, to Mrs. M. 
Rushforth: Mr. M. Rhodes, to Miss C. 
Barstow; Mr. Todd, to Miss J Kay: all 
of Leeds.—Mr. J. Lewis, of Leeds, to Miss 
E. Cliff, of Sheffield —Mr. H. Backhouse, 
of Leeds, to Miss J. Crosland, of Scholes’ 
hall—Mr.J. Braithwaite, of Leeds, to Miss 
Atkinson, of Garforth.—Mr. M. Carr, of 
Dewsbury, to Miss Mitchell, of Leeds.— 
Mr. M.Jackson,to Miss E. Wolstenholme ; 
Mr. W. Skilbeck, to Miss A.Sampson ; Mr. 
G. Timperley, to Miss E. Wilson; Mr. T. 
Rhodes, to Miss A, Mosley: all of Shef- 
field.—Mr. T. Tyes, of Halifax, to Miss 
N. Hartley, of Keighley —Mr. R. Wilkin- 
son, to Miss E. Ponsonby, both of Barn- 
by —Mr. W. Pickering,of Acaster Malbis, 
to Miss 8. Kemp, of Catton.—Mr. G. Wrig- 
glesworth, of Swillingten, to Miss H. Kim- 
ley, of Leeds —Mr. S. Kemp, of Hunslet, 
to Miss S. Milner, of Woolley —Mr. J. 
Cook, of Skipton, to Miss H. Clapham, of 

Monvuty Maa, No. 356, 


Vorkshire—Lancashire. 


28] 


Blubber-house.—Mr. G, Shillito, of Walsh 
ford, to Miss A. Smith, of Wetherby. 

Died.| At York,-Mr. J. Threapland.— 
74, Mr. J. Addeman, deservedly regretted. 

At Leeds, in Templar-street, Mrs. D. 
Lawreace.—in School-close, Mrs. H. Bram- 
ma.—Mrs. J. Johuson, suddenly —67, Mrs. 
E. Peacock, greatly respected.—24, Mr. 
B. Thompson, of the firm of Messrs. Caw- 
theray and Thompson —Mrs. Kenworthy. 

At Sheffield, 50, Mr. G. Ingall, of the 
firm of Messrs. Roberts, Cadman and Co. 
deservedly regretted.—The Rev. G. Har- 
rison —Mr. Bushe, respected. 

At Wakefield, $1, Mr. B. Spawforth, of 
Horbury.—86, Mrs. Rawlin—Lieut. Dow- 
ling, R.N. 

At Huddersfield, in King-street, 62, Mrs. 
M. Hutton —62, Mrs. Linley. 

At Bradford, Mr. W. Wilkinson.—Miss 
H. Salt. 

At Knaresborough, 78, Mr. Storr. 

At Selby, 70, Mr. J. Armitage, of the So- 
ciety of Friends, and estimable for many 
virtues 

At the Spring Grove, near Huddersfield, 
84, William Fenton, esq. deservedly re- 
gretted—At Kettlethorp-hall, 72, James 
Charlesworth, esq.—At Sturling, 93, Mr. 
J. Oldfield—At Horsforth, $1, Mr. R. 
Arton, 

_ LANCASHIRE. 

Great distress lias lately been occasioned 
at Lancaster by the failure of Messrs. 
Warwicks’ bank. The poorer manufac- 
turers, mechanics, &c. are deeply in- 
volved, and many totally ruined. 

A Dorcas and Spinning Society has 
lately been formed at Liverpool, the object 
of which is to find employment for the 
aged and destitute. 

“The inhabitants of Blackburn lately 
petitioned the House of Commons against 
the inhuman treatment of Mr. Hunt in 
Ilchester gaol, and his unconstitutional 
punishment. Twenty other places have 
petitioned to the same effect. 

Married.| Mr.J. Mort, to Miss E. Pal- 
phreyman; Mr. T. Butcher, to Miss E. 
Jones; Mr. R. Evans, to Miss E. Smith ; 
Mr. W. Warren, to Miss E. Sykes; Mr. T. 
Longshaw, to Miss M. Miller; Mr. Jas. 
Brandreth, to Miss M. Nicholson: all of 
Manchester.—Mr. J. Wright, to Miss J. 
Holland ; Mr. H. Moss, to Mrs. Garner ; 
Mr. C. Jones, to Miss Pettigrew, of Pitt- 
street; Mr. Irving, to Miss J. Stockdale ; 
Mr. T. Butler, to Mrs. E. Bond; Mr. J. 
Robinson, to Miss K. Abram; Mr. J. 
Kerkham, to Miss A. Garbitt; Mr. E. 
Finch, to Miss M, Butterworth; Mr. J. 
Armstrong, to Miss A. Matthewson : all of 
Liverpool—Mr. J. Dixon, of Liverpool, to 
Miss J. Wignall, of West Derby.—Mr. 
J. Hall, of Withington, to Miss A. Orm- 
rod, of Cheadle. 

2N Died} 


282 


Died.) At Lancaster, 72, John Brock- 
bank, esq. 

At Manchester, 32, Mr. E. Buxton, of 
the firm of Messrs. Buxton and Sons.—In 
St. John’s-street, Mrs. Harper.—In Hang- 
ing Ditch, Mr. J. Meredith, deservedly 
regretted.—sU, Mr. T. Lenrick, much re- 
spected. 

At Salford, 38, Mr. R. Marsden, greatly 
respected. 

At Liverpool, Mrs. M. A. Bramwell — 
62, Mr. W. Kuowles.—Mr. R. Aspinwall. 
—46, Mr. J. Cardwell —Mr. W. Williams. 
—72, Mr. R. Pyke —66, Mrs. B. B. Glen- 
ton.—Mr. J. R. Davis—87, Mr. J. Mun- 
dell—In Whitechapel, 56, Mr. Hatch.— 
At an advanced age, Mrs. S. Portees—On 
Edge-hill, 57, Mrs.S. Jones. 

At Ormskirk, 88, the Rev. W. Naylor. 

At Huntroyd, 31, Le Gendre Starkie, 
esq. a justice of the peace for this county, 
and deservedly regretted —At Oldbam, 
Bank Side, 66, Mr. D. Lees. 

CHESHIRE, 

The respectable tradesmen of Chester 
lately agreed to petition the House Com- 
mons for a more ready and less expensive 
mode of recovering small debts uider 151. 

Married.) Mr. 'T. Draycott, to Mrs. E. 
Purcell; Mr. R. Deau, to Miss M. Cawley; 
Mr. F. Rowderry, to Mrs. E. Truss: all of 
Chester —Mr. Dillon, of Wrexham, to 
Miss Davies, of Eastgate-street, Chester. 
—Mr. Baugh, of Baschurch, to Miss Booth, 
of Congleton —Mr. J. Day, of Newton, to 
Miss M. Smith, of Gayton. 

Died.| At Chester, Mr. Dodd, deserved- 
ly respected.—In Foregate-street, Mr. J. 
Billington. —Mr. Emmett. 

At Nantwich, 72, Mrs. E. Eaton. 

At Malpas, 36, Mr. Reeves. 

At Birkenhead priory, Miss Louisa 
Koster.—At Kingsley, Mr. J. Manifold, 
much respected. 

DERPYSHIRE. 

Married.| Mr. J. Smith, to Miss H. 
Wheeldon ; Mr. Robert Mellor, to Miss 
Welch: all: of Derby.—Mr. T. Hartwell, 
of Ashborne, to Miss M. Madeley, of Ut- 
toxeter.—Mr. Somers, of Repton, to Miss 
Brown, of Milton. 

Died.) At Derby, 63, Mrs. Winster. 

At Chesterfield, Mrs. Heaton. 

At Belper, Mrs. Cock, late of Derby. 

At Hartingland, 64, Mr. C. Flint. 

At Chelmorton, 95, Mr. J. Ollereshaw.— 
At Frichley, 31, Mr. J. Bowmer, greatly 
respected, 

NOTTINGHAMSHIRE. 

A piece of beef weighing about 14lbs. 
roasted on the 11th of October, 1814, and 
which had been in a case, made air-tight, 
and conveyed twice to the East Indies and 
‘back, was partaken of at the Library in 
Nottingham, by several gentlemen, and 
found to be perteetly good. 

Married.) Mr. J. Hallams, to Miss FE. 


Cheshire—Leicester and Rutland. 


[April 1, 


Hall; Mr. C. Dumont, to Miss §. Sparks ; 
Mr T. Salisbury, to Miss E. Taylor; Mr. 
T. Cragg, to Mrs. J. Cragg: all of Not- 
tingham.—Mr. J. Simpson, of Nottingham, 
to Miss A. Thorpe, of Newark.—Mr. T. 
Harvey, to Miss E. Hawkins; Mr. T. 
Smith, to Miss M. A. Footett; Mr. R. 
Lamb, to Miss A. Barker: all of Newark. 
—Mr. W. Parsons, of Skegby, to Miss C. 
Slack, of Old Radford.—Mr. W. Musson, tv 
Miss Jackson, both of Radford. 

Died.| At Nottingham, 26, Mr. S. 
Hatchett—In Goosegate, 62, Mr. J. La- 
tham.—69, Mr. Crane. —51, Mr. C. Heald. 
—ln Red Licn-square, 66, Mr. T. Morton. 
—TIn Park-row, Miss M. E. Heath. 

At Newark, 67, Mrs. A. Walker.—19, 
Miss M. A. Hurry.—Mrs. Selby. 

At Mansfield, 78, Mr. G. Barratt. 

At Worksop, 88, Mr. R. Cowley. 

At New Retford, 36, Mr. T. Richards. 
—At Snenton, 38, Mr. C. Anderson, 
respected —At Marnham, Ellen, wife of 
the Rey. Geo. Almond.—At Southwell, 70, 
Mrs. Aram.—At Wollaton, 84, Mr. R. 
Walker, one of the Society of Friends. 

LINCOLNSHIRE. ; 

Great distress prevails among the agri- 
culturists of this county; in the south 
part a sheriif’s officer had lately no less 
than. sixty executions by him. The num- 
ber of the poor is greatly on the increase 
for the want of employment. 

Married.| R. G. Bankes, esq. to Mrs. 
Burnes, of Stamford.—J. Trafford, esq. of 
Wragby, to Miss A French, ef Holton.— 
At Wragby, G. Chambers, esq. F.R.S. to 
Miss Espin. 

Died.| At Boston, 76, Mr. Grantham, 
suddenly. 

At Gainsborough, Mr. S. Ashford, sud- 
denly. 

At Canwick, 40, C. W. Sibthorp, esq. 
M.P. for Lincolu, and Lieut. Col. of the 
South Lincoln militia—At Tetford, 54, 
Mr. R. Dymoke. , 

LEICESTER AND RUTLAND. 

Married.) Mr. Yates, of Leicester, to 
Miss Wakerley, of Loughborough.—Mr. 
A. Robins, of Loughborough, to Miss 8S. 
Kirk, of Hathern.—Mr. Wisher, to Miss 
M. Dewberry, both of Loughborough.— 
Mr. J. Hudson, to Miss H. Lochton, both 
of Hinckley —Mr. J. Meadows, of Somer- 
by, to Miss Payne of Sleaford. 

Died). At Leicester, 73, Mr. Alderman 
Read.—In Belgrave-gate, Mr. Swain.—In 
St. Nicholas’-street, Mrs. Keightley.--Mrs. 
Jarratt, regretted —Mrs. Rawson. — 

At Loughborough, 35, Mr. J. H. Kane, 
justiy regretted —Mr. J. Cockayne. 

At Oakham, 77, Mr. Maydwell. 

At Uppingham, 86, Mrs. Underwood. 

At Great Wighton, Mrs. Vann. — At 
Wartnaby, 78, Mr. J. Adams.—At Earl 
Shilton, 64, Mr. R. Wildman.—At Lone 
Whatton, 18, Mrs. Harriman. 

STAFFORDSHIRE. 


1822.] 


STAFFORDSHIRE. 

Three respectable firms of ironmasters 
have lately failed in this county, and one 
has thrown seven hundred men out of em- 
ployment. Distress continues among the 
agricultural labourers and small farmers. 
Lord Crewe has set lately a noble example ; 
he has cancelled leases at high priccs, and 
affixed the rent according to the price of 
corn. 

Married.| Mr. Wood, of Burton-upon- 
Trent, to Miss S. Swindell, of Egginton. 

Died.} At Walsal!, Mr. Weaver. 

At Bilston, Jonathan Hartshorn, esq. 

WARWICKSHIRE, 

Mr. Epmonps, of Birmingham, who 
presided at meetings of 50,000 persons, 
basely deserted by such mock-patriots, 
is now detained in Warwick goal, after 
suffering twelve mouth’s imprisonment, 
for a fine of £60, imposed by the Board of 
Excise, for selling wheat after it had been 
roasted! Joe Miller tells us of a woman 
who was committed by an ignorant justice 
for frying bacon on a Sunday. 

Married.] Jonathan Mason, esq. to Miss 
Charlotte Hardman, of Birmingham.—Mr. 
Jarvice, jun. of Birmingham, to Miss A. 
Reynolds, of Bath.—The Rev. John Angell 
James, of Birmingham, to Maria Anne, wi- 
‘dow of Benjamin Neal, esq. London.—Mr. 
Suticn, of Sharnford, to Miss Johnson, of 
Shelton —At Leamington, the Rev. E. 
Woodyatt, A.M. to Louisa Georgiana 
Maria, daughter of the late Sir N. B. Gres- 
Jey, bart—The Rev. T. Bree, to Miss H. 
M. Boultbee, of Springfield-house.-- Charles 
Corbett, esq. of Hardwick Priors, to Miss 
Mary Benn, of Kensingbam. 

Died] At Birmingham, Mr. W. Turner, 
of King Edward’s Free Grammar School. 
—In Great Charles-street, 60, Mrs. S. 
Clark.—In Edegbaston-street, Miss E. 
Bloomer.—79, Mr. J. Kempson, deservedly 
respected and regretted. 

At Sutton Coldfield, 85, the Rev. John 
Riland, rector, and formerly a very popu- 
lar preacher in Birmingham. 

At Leamington, 71, Mrs. F. Reddall. 

SHROPSHIRE. 

The High Sheriff of this county, within 
the month, refused to two separate requisi- 
tions, the second signed by one hundred 
and seventy-two names, to call a county 
meeting “on the present depressed state 
of agriculture.” Six magistrates conse- 
quently agreed to call a meeting on the 
25th, which was held, and some excel- 
lent resolutions proposed. 

Married.) Mr. G. Oliver, to Miss E. 
Prion; Mr. T. Lawrence, to Miss F. Bas- 
nett; Mr. J. Howell, jun. to MissS. Edger- 
ley: allof Shrewsbury.—Mr. T. Harring- 
ton, of Broseley, to Miss Pedley, of Bridg- 
uorth.—Mr. W. Carden, to Miss Williams, 
both of Bishop’s-castle-——Mr. J. Walters, 
of Bishop’s-castle, to Miss E. Morris, of 
Ludlow.—The Rey. J.D. Lewis, to Mrs. 


Staffordshire.— Gloucester and Monmouth. 


283 


Whatley, of Newtown.—Mr. J. Roberts, of 
Tilstock-park, to Miss M. Huxley. 

Died.| At Shrewsbury, in Kiln-lane, 
Miss Davis, greatly regretted—Im Frank- 
well, 22, Mr. C. Cole —39, Mr. T.D. Sayer, 
—At Codogan-place, the Rey. B. Edwards, 
rector of Frodesley. 

At Ludlow, Mrs. Baugh, widow of Ben- 
jamin B. esq. town clerk.—Mr. R Small 
man.—Mrs. Underhill. 

At Wenlock, Mr. Rhoden, much 
spected. 

At Harnage Grange. 59, Mrs. Shuker.— 
At Whitbourne-house, 62, Mr. S. Toinlin- 
son.—At Ironbridge, the Rev. Benj. Wase, 
deservedly lamented. 

WORCESTERSHIRE. 

The land owners and oecupiers of this 
county lately agreed to petition the House 
of Commons on their general distress. 

At the late assizes sentence of death 
was passed oneleven prisoners ; three were 
transported ; two were left for execution. 

Married.| Chas. Seale, esq. of Linkend- 
house, to Miss E. Newman, of Lassington- 
court. 

Died.| At Worcester, Mr. T. Wells.— 
In College-yard, Miss M. Crane. 

HEREFORDSHIRE. 

Married.| Mr. Witcomb, of Hereford, 
to Miss Constable of Tetbury—Mr. B. 
Maddy, of King-street, Hereford, to Miss 
8. Hargrave, of Leeds.—Lieut. Addwell 
Taylor, of the 38th foot, to Miss E. P. Lay- 
lor, of Leominster.—Mr. J. Prince, of Bog- 
marsh, to Miss E. Garrold, of Morrastone. 

Died.| At Hereford, Mr. W. Crump. 

At Leominster, 26, Miss F. B. Barris.— 
33, Mr. T. Heath. 

At Ross, Mr. R. Badman, deservedly 
regretted. 

At Ledbury, Miss S. Diggs. 

GLOUCESTER AND MONMOUTH. 

The owners and occupiers of land in 
Monmouth lately agreed to a petition to 
Parliament : among other energetic obser- 
vations were the following :— 

“That your petitioners are extremely 
embarrassed in their circumstances, their 
capital nearly exhausted, penury and ruin 
stariug them in the face, in consequence of 
the depreciation of the value of their live 
stock and the produce of their farms, to- 
gether with the overwhelming burthen of 
taxation, tithes, and parochial rates far ex- 
ceeding any the country ever before la- 
boured under in time of peace, in some in- 
stances amounting to sixty-three and even 
seven-four per cent. on the rent. That 
from the numerous petitions laid before 
Parliament during the last session clearly 
and positively showing the excessive dis- 
tress of the agriculturists in every part of 
the kingdom, your petitioners vainly flat- 
tered themselves some relief would have 
been given them and their grievances les- 
sened; but ir is with the most heartfelt 

grief 


re- 


284 


grief they experience a miserable disap- 
pointment in their hopes, and iustead of a 
fair, reasonable reduction in our galling 
burthens, and a protection against the im- 
port of foreign grain, the country is unfeel- 
ingly told by the Ministers of the Grown, 
that it must be satisfied with the trifling 
abatement of one shilling per bushel in the 
duty on malt, and a futile visionary scheme 
of lending Exchequer Bills to parishes on 
the security of the poor rates 

Married.| Mr. Chas. Brewer, to Miss E. 
Hatch; Mr. J. Dobbins, to Mrs. Reeve : all 
of Gloucester —Mr. J. Burrup, of Gouces- 
ter, to Miss §. Dewint, of Stone.—Mr, T. 
Turton, of Gloucester, to Miss E. Blewitt, 
of Ross.—Mr. J. Howell, of Bristo!, to 
Miss M. Newton, of Bath.—Mr. G. Law, of 
Clifton, to Miss Welsh, of Bristol—At 
Chepstow, Mr. R. Davis, to Miss M. Slade, 
of Bristol—Mr. W. Morris, of Taynton, to 
Miss M. A. Hooper, of Hartpury.—At 
Shipston on Stour, Mr. Fred. Collier, to 
Miss C, Colbourne. 

Died.) At Gloucester, in College-green, 
Mrs. Baylis, deservedly regretted.—54, Mr. 
Alex. M‘Laren.—Miss Walker. 

At Bristol, the Rev. J.J. Bird.—Jn Park- 
street, Charles Penny, esq. —89, Mr. J. Per- 
rins.—Miss M. J. Greene.—Mr. J. Long- 
ford, regretted. 

At Cirencester, 26, Mr.J. Gregory, de- 
servedly lamented. 

At Wotton Underedge, 25, Mr. James 
Cooper, 

At Westbury-hill, 75, Mr. P. Crocker, 
of the highly respectable firm of Messrs, 
Harfords, Partridge and Co. of Bristol, de- 
servedly lamented—At Newland-house, 
64, Mrs, E. Ducarel, late of Exmouth—At 
Hanley-castle, Aune, widow of Moses 
Clarke, esq. 

OXFORDSHIRE. 

At the late Oxford assizes seven prison - 
ers were capitally convicted, eight sen- 
tenced to seven years trausportation, and 
seven acquitted. 

The agriculturists in the neighourhood 
of Witney lately agreed to petition Par- 
liament for relief. 

Married.| Mr. J. Luker, to Miss A. Ja- 
naway, both of Oxford:—Mr. T. Collier, 
of Witney, to Miss Steely, of Minster.—T. 
Grimsley, of Middleton Stoney, to Miss R. 
Stockford, of Dunstern,—Mr, W. Badcock, 
of Wootton, to Miss 8, Godfrey, of Cumner, 

Died.) At Oxford, 35, Mrs, E. Eaton. 
deservedly esteemed and regretted.—In 
St. Giles’s, 75, Mr, W. Chillingworth, sud- 
denly.—In St. Aldate’s, 60, Mr. J. Trinder, 
of Henley.——In St. Ebbe’s, 47, Mrs, S. 
Stone.—21, Mr. T. Shepherd.—51, Mr, J, 
Harpur.—In High-street, 73. Mrs. E. Eley. 
—45, Mr. T. Webb, much respected. 

At Chipping Norton, 26, Mrs. C. Corgan, 

At Wheatley, at an advanced age, Mrs, 
Belcher—At Launton, 65, Mr. W: Traf. 
ord, deservedly regretted, 


Oxfordshire—Cambridge and Huntingdon. 


[April I, 


At Charlbury, on the 12th of February, 
inh is 97th year, Robert Spendlove, a high- 
ly respected member of the Society of 
Friends. In his character were combined 
the several qualities which constituted the 
true christian. His long and useful life 
was marked by a vigour of intellect, which 
he retained till nearly his last moments; 
by an unremitting attention to the happi- 
ness of his domestic circle, and by those 
social virtues which render their possessor 
truly valuable. He has left a deeply 
afflicted widow with numerous relatives 
and friends to lament his loss. 

BUCKINGHAM AND BERKSHIRE. 

At the late Reading assizes one prisoner 
for horse-stealing, and nine for house- 
breaking, received sentence of death, but 
were all reprieved: five were ordered to be 
transported for seven years. 

Married.) Mr. W. Miles, to Miss A. 
Gough, both of Aylesbury.—At Aylesbury, 
Mr. Kingham, of Broughton, to Miss Allen. 

Died.\ At Aylesbury, 55, Mr. T. Jen- 
kins.—Mr. R. Fell.—At an advanced age, 
Mrs. M. Pipkin. 

At Newbury, 65, S. A. Lloyd, esq. 

At Windsor, 79, William Gorton, esq. of 
the establishment of Geo. IT}. at the castle, 
deservedly respected and lamented. 

At Quainton, at an advanced age, Mrs. 
S. Layton.—At Shaw-place, near Newbury, 
53, Sir Joseph Andrews, bart. deputy lieut. 
of Berks. 

HERTFORDSHIRE ANN BEDFORDSHIRE. 

At the late Herts Assizes five prisoners 
were sentenced to death, but reprieved. 

Married.| Mr. W. Poulton, to Miss 
Latter, both of Hertford —Mr. J. Baker, 
of Braughing, to Miss Bailey, of Sandon. 

Died.| At Hertford, Mr. John Evyanr, 
alderman.—Mr. W. Danby, Rackstrow. 

At Ware, Mrs. Green, widow. 

At Great Munden, Mrs. Stacey. 

NORTHAMPTONSHIRE, 

At the Jate Northamptonshire Assizes 
eleven prisoners received sentence of death, 
but were reprieved. 

A numerous meeting of the owners and 
occupiers of land in the Soke of Peterboro’ 
was lately held at Peterboro’, pursuant 
to a requisition, to take into consideration 
the distressed state of the agricultural in- 
terest, and the propriety of petitioning the 
House of Commons. The Ear] Fitzwilliam 
took the chair; and several strong resolu- 
tions were passed, 

Married.) Mr.B. Ward, of Standground, 
to Miss Pine, of Duxford. 

Died.| At Peterborough, 64, C. White- 
head, esq. of Warrington. 

CAMBRIDGE AND HUNTINGDON. 

A numerous meeting of the freeholders 
and inhabitants of Cambridgeshire was 
held the 25th ult. pursuant to a requisition 
to the high sheriff, “ to take into considera- 
tion the present disastrous state of the 

agricultural 


1822.] 


agricultural interest, and the propriety of 
petitioning parliament for relief’ Mr. 
Pryme moved resolutions for a petition to 
parliament for relief. The Rev. G. A. 
Browne doubted the expediency of a peti- 
tion without some mention of a reform. 
Mr. F. K. Eagle, after a short address, 
moved, as an amendment to the original 
resolutions :—“ That from what has taken 
place during the present and preceding 
sessions, it was the firm and decided 
opinion of this meeting, that any petition 
to the lower House of Parliament, as at 
present constituted, for relief from the 
difficulties under which the nation is 
siaking, would be entirely vain and fruit- 
less.’ Mr. Samuel Wells seconded the 
amendment. Mr. Beals read a letter writ- 
ten by the Duke of Bedford, in which he 
declared that it was useless to petition the 
House of Commons, for their petitions were 
year after year disregarded, and thrown 
aside as waste paper. The high sheriff 
put the amendmeut, which was carried by 
a considerable majority, and the resolu- 
tions for a petition was negatived. 

The subject of the Porson Prize for this 
year is the passage in Julius Czesar, act 4, 
scene 3, beginning with—* Come Antony, 
and young Octavius,’ and ending with— 
“ and leave you so.” The metre—Tragi- 
cumtrimetrum acatalecticum. 

The subjects for the Members’ Prizes 
are :—Senior Bachelors— Populis diversis 
eadem instituta parum conveniant. Mid- 
dle Bachelors—Astronomieé laus et uti- 
litas. 

Married.| Mr. Pittingale, to Miss Eddy, 
both of Newmarket—Mr. J Purchas, to 
Miss A. Tuffell, both of Chesterton. 

Died.| At Cambridge, 56, Mr E. Chis- 
holme.—Mrs. Smith.—33, Mr. D. Collin. 

At Newmarket, 22, Miss Cnapman. 

At Barnwell, 83, Mrs. Grace Hemming- 
ton, formerly of Denny Abbey.—At Ma- 
nea, 31, Mr. R. Cross. 

NORFOLK. 

Within the month the agricultural la- 
. bourers of this and the adjoining county of 
Suffolk, assembled in great numbers with 
the avowed intention of destroying all ma- 
chinery which was preferred to manual 
labour. A great number of thrashing ma- 
chines were destroyed, barns pulled down, 
and ricks of corn consumed by fire. Many 
of the offenders were apprehended and 
committed for trial. The insurrection of 
the labouring classes seems, indeed, to 
have been almost general, 

Married.| Mr. R. Alderson, of Nor- 
wich, to Miss Rayner, of Diss.—Mr. T. 
Callow, of Norwich, to Miss S. Howard, 
of Halvergate.—Mr. J. Knights, to Mrs. E. 
Hunt; Mr. Jas. Jay, to Miss Jay; Mr. M. 
Moss, to Miss Barber: all of Yarmouth.— 
Mr. RK. Pooley, to Miss A. Bone; Mr. G. 
Jopling, to Miss S, Long: all of Lynn— 


Norfolk—Suffolk. 


285 


Mr. Porrett, of Buruham, to Miss E. Love, 
of Bunhill-row, Loudon.—Mr. J. May Ro- 
bison, to Miss M. Biguold, of Cromer.— 
Mr. W. Pa'mer, of Melford, to Miss D. 
Brown, of Ciock-hall, Hundon. 

Died.) At Norwich, 79, Mr. Marsh, 
highly and deservedly esteemed.—In S&t. 
Stephen’s, 54, Mr. Wilkinson.—In Tomb- 
land, 54, Mr. Batley.—In Lower Close, 66, 
Mrs, Fiddyman. 

At Yarmouth, Miss S. A. R. M. Jones.— 
31, Mr. G. Gunton.—19, Miss M. Brightly. 
—66, Mrs. Read.—61, Mr, W. Jickles— 
69, Mrs. E. Curtis. 

At Lynn, Mr. Simmons.—40, Mr. J. Tud 
denham.—Miss C. Lawrence. 

At Diss, Mr. J. Rodwell. 

At Hapton, 81, Mrs. Pagett.—62, Mr. 
J. Adamson. 

At East Dereham, 68, William Castell 
esq.—At Acle, 66, Mrs. A. Neave. 

SUFFOLK. 

A numerous meeting of occupiers of land 
was lately held at Ipswich, to take the state 
of public affairs into consideration, A pe- 
tition was resolved on to the House of 
Commons, in which they said that unless 
adequate protection be afforded them 
against the foreign grower, they “have 
nothing left but to give up in despair.” 

A numerous party of Parliamentary re- 
formers, lately dined together at Bungay, 
several gentlemen of rank attended. Many 
excellent speeches followed ; the. general 
distress was described, and reduction of 
taxes asserted to be the ouly remedy. _ 

Married.| Mr. C. Grimwood, of Ips- 
wich, to Miss S. Barker, of Coddenham.— 
Mr. Rowe, of Woodbridge, to Miss Haw- 
kins, of Campsey Ash.—W. Clark King, 
esq. of Lowestoft, to Miss M. E. Clark; 
of Benton-house, Northumberland.—Mr. 
S. Crisp, to Miss M. Briant, both of Soham. 
—Mr. N. P. Weeding, to Miss Last, both 
of Trimbey St. Martio.—H. J. Wilkinson, 
esq. to Miss A. Howlett, of Yoxford. 

Died.) At Bury, in Northgate-street, 
Mrs. Wells.—75, Mrs. Bowle. 

At Ipswich, 70, Mr. J. Wake.—77, Mrs. 
Meadows.—Miss M. Cock—38. Mrs. 
Newsou.—Mr. Hamblin, suddenly. 

At Framlingham, 65, Mr. T. Barker.— 
75, Mrs. Pain. 

At Beccles, 59, Mrs. Crickmore, sud- 
denly. 

At Whepstead, 85, Mrs. Clarke, much 
respected—At Dedham, Mr. Ellis.—At 
Bramford, 24, Mr. H. Edwards.—At Wor- 
lingham-hill, 80, Robert Sparrow, esq. an 
active magistrate for this county, and 
chairman of the Beccles Bench of magis- 
trates. 

ESSEX. : 

Married] Mr. S. Savall, to Miss S. 
Clough, of Colchester —At Colchester, 
Mr.J.G. Chamberlain, to Catherine, wi- 
dow of Capt. H. H. Stammers.—Lieut. J. 

Cooke, 


286 


Cooke, R.N. to Miss C. Pulham, of Har- 
wich.—Mr. R. Paul, of Saffron Walden, to 
Miss M. Wedd, of Foulmire—T. West, 
esq.to Miss M.Spence, of Upton. 

Died.| At Chelmsford, Elizabeth Ann, 
daughter of the Rev. Wm. Williams. 

At Maldon, 82, Mr. E. Hunsdon, 

At Great Dunmow, 81, B. Foakes, esq. 
senior Alderman of that corporation. 

At’ Broomfield, 56, Elizabeth, wife of 
Charles Porter, esq. 

At Rayleigh, Mrs. Murdoch. 

KENT. 

At the late assizes, there were 180 pri- 
soners for trial. 

Agricultural labourers lately assembled 
in different bodies in this county, and 
caused considerable alarm; but their objects 
appeared simply to be to procure work, at 
an increase of wages. 

Married.| Mr. W. Mutton, of Canter- 
bury, to Miss M. A. Foreman, of Deal. 
Francis Patten, esq. of Rochester, to Mrs. 
Earrett, of Strood.—Mr. J. Patten, of 
Holingbourne, to Miss E. Earrett, of 
Strood.—Mr. Jas. Connor, to Miss E. Dar- 
nil; Mr. Jas. Hunt, to Miss C. Clark: all 
of Folkestone —At Biddenden, Mr. J. 
Shoesmith, to Miss M. Bourne.—At Brook- 
land, Mr. E. Baker, to Miss A. King. 

Died.) At Canterbury, in King-street, 
69, Mrs. Dernacour——In Wincheap-street, 
Mrs. Porter.—In St. George’s-lane, Mr. G. 
Quested. 

At Rochester. Mr. W. Clarke.—In Troy- 
town, Mrs. Lathbury, of Stoke. 

At Chatham, Mr. E. Acworth.—82, 
Mr, W.B. Mitchell—50, Mr. J. Nagle — 
50, Mr. J. Mark.—25, Mr. H. Chary. 

At Sheerness, T. T. Folds, esq. M.D. 
much respected.—Mrs. Field. 

At Riverhead, 91, Mrs. Petley, widow 
of Charles P. esq—At Milton, 94, Mr. 
Wildash.—At Selling, 62, Mr. A. Amos, 
deservedly regretted.—At Sittingbourne, 
71, Mr. s. Hubble —At Seasalter, 69, Mr. 
J. Hopper.—At Hoborough, 82, Mrs. E. 
Goodhugh. 

SUSSEX. 

Several landlords in this county are 
adopting the good old fashioned mode of 
letting their land in small portions of 20, 
25, and 30 acres. 

In the parish of Seaford, in this county, 
a farm of 1000 acres, now pays no less than 
nine hundred pounds for poor rates, 

Married.| Mr. Orton, of Chichester, to 
Miss Crawford, of Lordon—At Arundel, 
T. Eames, esq. to Mrs. Osborne. 

Died.| At Chichester, in East-street, 
60, Mr. W. Burnett.—In the East Pallant, 
84, Mr. H. Smith. 

At Horsham, Mr. G. Pearman, suddenly, 

At New Fishbourne, 51, Mrs. A. Mussel- 
thwaite. 

At Ticehurst, Mrs. Barren, late of Troy- 
town, Rochester—At Rodmill, Miss Ra- 


K ent—Somersetshire. 


[April f, 


son.—At Angmering, 87, Mrs. Jupp.—At 
Alfriston, 74, Mr. T. Susan——At Week, 
88, Mrs. Shotter. 

HAMPSHIRE. 

At the Lent assizes for this county six- 
teen prisoners were sentenced to death 
but two only, (poachers) left for execution. 

Married.| Mr. J. Follett, to Miss S. A. 
Thatcher, both of Southampton.—Wiiliam 
Lomer, esq. of Southampton, to Miss M. 
P. Taylor, of Plymouth.—Lieut. Bradley, 
R.N. to Miss M. Pratt, both of Portsea.— 
Mr. Jas. Grey, of Lymiugton, to Miss Mil- 
ler, of Bosham.—A. R. Drummond, esq. 
of Cadlands, to Lady Elizabeth, daughter 
of the Duke of Rutland. 

Died.| At Southampton, in Hanover- 
buildings, General Richardson.— Mrs. 
Avery.—65, Mrs. Sutton—Mr. Downs, 

At Winchester, 90, Mr. J. Feacham.— 
In Colebrook-street, 78, Mrs. Newlyn. 

At Portsmouth, Mrs. Bell. 

At Portsea, Mr. T. Knott, suddenly — 
79, Mr. T. Woolford. 

At Lymington, 85, Mrs. B. Pardley. 

At Portchester, Catherine, wife of Rear 
Adm. Cooke, deservedly lamented. 

At Swathling, 62, Dorothea, widow of 
the Rey. Chas. Warre, of Rugby.—At 
Crawley, 72, Mr. Pickering. 

WILTSHIRE. 

At the late assizes for this county, nine- 
teen prisoners received sentence of death, 
one to transportation for seven years, and 
nine to various periods of imprisonment. 

Married.) Mr. Hole, to Miss Smart, 
both of Bradford.—Mr. Fielder, of New- 
bury, to Miss Furnell, of Marlborough.— 
Mr.J. Helps, of Chapplenapp, to Miss M. 
Barton, of Atworth. 

Died.] At Salisbury, Mr. P. Hebbert. 

At Trowbridge, Mrs. S. Mayell.—Mr. 
W. Frame. 

At Market Lavington, Mrs. Garratt, wife 
of Jobn G. esq.suddenly. 

At Ivy Cottage, near Chippenham, Har- 
riet, wife of Thomas Parker, esq. 

SOMERSETSHIRE. 

The inhabitants of Taunton and Ilchester, 
have lately petitioned parliament to alle- 
viate the unconstitutional sufferings of Mr. 
Hunt, confined in Ichester goal. A requi- 
sition, signed by 2370 names was presented 
to the High Sheriff, to call a county meeting 
on the subject, but he refused.—We are 
happy to observe that the case of Mr. Hunt, 
as well in regard to his sentence as to the 
mode of imprisonment, has excited the 
sympathy of just men over the whole 
empire, 

The inhabitants of Wells have lately 
agreed to petition both houses of Parlia- 
ment for the enactment of a more speedy 
and effectual mode of recovering debts 
under £15. 

Married,| Mr. Child, to Miss Ballinger 5 
Arch. M‘Adam, esq. of St. James's Parade, 

to 


1822. 


to Miss E. Thompson : all of Bath.—Capt. 
Fenton, of the 13th infantry, to Miss 
Leonora Anderson, late of Seymour-street, 
Bath.—Mr. S. Davis, of Wells, to Miss 
Chapman, of Rodney Stoke —Mr. J. Bart- 
lett, to Miss S. Murray, both of Shepton 
Mallet—Mr. W. Herbert, to Mrs. Patti- 
son, both of Taunton.—Mr. M. Perry, to 
Miss 8. Smith, of Wick.—Mr. J. Shield, to 
Miss H. Ford, both of Keynsham. 

Died.| At Bath, in Bennett-street, Eli- 
zabeth, wife of J. G. Ravenshaw, esq. 
deservedly esteemed and regretted.—In 
Pierrepont-street, R. Clark, esq.—Mrs. 
Selina Bathurst, sister of the Bishop of 
Norwich.—In London-street, Mr. J. Smith. 
—Mrs. C. Holdstock.—William Murray, 
esq.—In Seymour-street, Mrs, Turner, 
widow of Dutton Smith T. esq. of Clarea- 
don, Jamaica. 

At East Harnbam, 88, Mr. T. Brewer.— 
At Saltford, Miss Hill—At Weston, Mrs. 
Compton, much esteemed and regretted. — 
At Marksbury, 93, Mrs. Weaver—dAt 
Langport, Mr. R. Cook. 

DORSETSHIRE. 

At a late meeting of the inhabitants of 
Sherborne and its vicinity, it was resolved 
to petition Parliament to revise the Cri- 
minal Laws. 

Married.) Mr.J. Rolls, of Weymouth, to 
Miss Townsend, of Exeter.—Mr. Squire, 
to Miss S. Randall, both of Bridport —Mr. 
De Lano, to Miss Case, of Bothenhampton. 

Died.) At Weymouth, 83, Mary, widow 
of the Rev. Hanbury Davies, rector of 
Pantague, Monmouthshire. 

At Bridport, Robert Perham, esq. of 
Crewkerne, greatly regretted —Mr. Hart. 

At Wimborne, 68, Mr. W. Knott. 

DEVONSHIRE. 

The foundation stone of a classical sub- 
scription school for 100 boys, was lately 
laid at Plymouth. 

Nearly one thousand persons employed 
on the Breakwater at Plymouth, have been 
recently discharged. 

A great mortality lately prevailed among 
the children of Plymouth, and the adjoin- 
ing towns, many hundreds haying been 
swept off by internal inflammations. 

A numerous meeting lately took place at 
Tayistock, to obtain “ a reform in the re- 
presentation of the people, and for relief of 
the agricultural interest from the present 
oppressive tithe system, and unreasonable 
taxation.’ William Bray, esq. in the chair. 
A petition was agreed to. 

Married.| Mr. T. Hatch, to Miss E. 
Beare; Mr. R. Greenslade, to Miss E. 
Sanders: all of Exeter—Mr. R. W. Mar- 
viott, of Exeter, to Mrs. S. Roberts, of Lon- 
don.—Mr. J. Litton, of Teigumouth, to 
Miss Potbury, Strand, Topsham.—Mr. W. 
Bond, to Miss A. Knight, both of Honiton. 
—Mr. W. Hernaman, to Miss G. Beer, both 


Dorsetshire—Wales. 987 


of Totnes —Mr. J--Gabbicomb, to Miss E. 
Harris, of Totnes. 

Died.| At Exeter, 25, Miss M. A. Pooke. 
—23, Mr. F. H. Forrord, deservedly re- 
gretted.—71, Mr. R. Gove.—53, Mrs. J. E. 
Piper, greatly esteemed and lamented. 

At Plymouth, in George-street, Capt. E. 
Archdall, R.N.—In Market-street, Mrs. 
Levy: Mr. Levy, jun—In James-street, 
22, Miss S. Fry. greatly lamented. 

At Tiverton, at an advanced age, Richard 
Blundell, the last surviving descendant of 
Peter Blundell, the founder of Tiverton 
Grammar School. 

At Totnes, 72, G. Farwell, esq.—36, Mr. 
T. Cloud.—57, Mr. T. Abel. 

At Dawlish, 77, Peter Churchill, esq. 
generally regretted.—60, Mrs. Tripe, just- 
ly lamented. 

At Stonehouse, Mr. P. Ellery, R.N.— 
Mrs. Anderson.—At Cawsand, 80, Mrs. 
Parkin, deservedly lamented. —At Willand, 
85, Mrs. Tanner, much respected. 

CORNWALL. 

Married] At Liskeard, Mr. Tuckett, to 
Miss S. Barrett—Mr. R. Avery, to Miss B. 
Peter, of Padstow.—At Launceston, Mr. 
Orchard, to Miss Grylls.—At St. Clement, 
Mr. W. Trennery, to Miss Eastmead. 

Died.) At Falmouth, Ensign J. G. New- 
man, late of the 40th regt.—Mr. N. Beals, 
much respected. 

At Truro, 81, James Kempe, esq. senior 
alderman of the borough, deservedly la- 
mented. 

At Bodmin, Miss A. Chapple, highly 
esteemed and regretted. 

At Launceston, 87, Mr. J. Paul, much 
respected. 

At St. Dennis, 22, Mrs. S. Best, late of 
Plymouth.—At Trekenning, 74, Francis 
Paynter, esq. deservedly esteemed. 

WALES. 

A steam-packet is about to sail between 
Swansea and Bristol. 

Married.| The Rev. M. Moses, of Swan- 
sea, to Miss H. Myers, of Bethnal Green, 
London.—Capt. B. Evans, to Miss E. Pere- 
grine, of Milford Haven.—Capt. J. Nuttall, 
of Milford, to Miss Griffiths, of Hubber- 
stone.—John Philps, esq. of Haverford- 
west, to Miss M. A. Williams, of Milford. — 
Richard Hoare Byers, esq. to Miss E. Dob- 
bin, both of Milford.—John Bamford Hes- 
keth, esq. of Brynddulas, to Miss Eliza- 
beth Ford, of Chester. 

Died.| At Swansea, in High-street, 35, 
Mrs. Francis, deservedly regretted. 

At Haverfordwest, Thomas Scowcroft, 
esq. 

At Brecon, Mr. T. E. Hull, highly and 
deservedly respected. 

At Montgomery, 25, Mr. J. Maddox. 

At Llandovery, Carmarthenshire, sud- 
denly, 55, Mr. S. Price.—At Llanfyllin, 
Montgomeryshire, 85, Richard Griffithes, 

esq. 


288 


esq. much respected.— At Treban, 68, John 
Jones, esq. deservedly regretted. 

At his seat near Montgomery, /Vhitshead 
Keene, esq. at the great age of ninety. 
Mr. Keene was a native of Ireland and 
born to asmali fortune. He came to Eng- 
land early in life and married Miss Eliza- 
beth Legg, daughter of Viscount Lewisham 
and sister to William, Earl of Dartmouth. 
By the interest of this family he was first 
elected M.P. for Wareham in Dorsetshire, 
but afterwards for the town of Montgo- 
mery, aud has sat for both places nearly 
forty years. He was for one parliament 
the father of the House of Commons. As 
early as 1770, he was appointed secretary 
to the Lord Chamberlain of his.Majesty’s 
household, and for some years was one 
of the lords of Trade and Plantations, 
but from this he retired on a change 
ofadministration. From the office of se- 
cretary he was promoted to be surveyor- 
general of the board of works. He often 
spoke in parliament, particularly on India 
affairs. Myr. Keene has had several chil- 
dren by his lady. 

SCOTLAND. 

Married. Spencer Boyd, esq.:of Penhill, 
Ayrshire, to Miss Margaret Loth, of Point 
Pleasant, Newcastle-—Alexander Sharp, 
esq. of Dunbartonshire, to Miss M. Barclay, 
of Brompton. 

Died.| At Edinburgh, 79, the Rey. Dr. 
J. Thomson. 

At Dumfries, 77, the Rev. James Kirk- 
patrick. 

At Dumbarton, 58, John Dixon, esq. pro- 
prictor of the extensive glass works there. 
IRELAND. 

The riotous transactions of the south in 
the last month have been appalling: ri- 
gour on the unfortunate people seems 
to have acted but as fuel to fire. The 
Insurrection Act has been put in force. 
The special commission, under this act, 
commenced at Limerick, on the Ist inst. ; 
and, out of seventeen individuals arraigned 
fur “ unlawfully and tumultuously assem- 
bling,” and “ being idle and disorderly,” 
thirteen were found guilty. Some of them 
had strong circumstances against them; 


Scotland—Treland. 


[April 1, 


and several were forthwith sentenced to 
seven years’ transportation, and immedi- 
ately sent to the hulks. The severity and 
promptitude of these proceedings made a 
strong impression upon the populace. 

In the county of Cork, several execu- 
tions have taken place, under circum- 
stances which present a striking picture 
of public feeling: scarcely a man ap- 
peared as a spectator. 

A late number of “ the Irishman” has 
the following sensible paragraph, which 
places the cause of the evil in its true 
light.. “ However it is, we may,” says the 
intelligent editor ; in common with every 
friend. to, humanity, deplore the dreadful 
merciless devastations and outrages which 
the journals of the south are almost daily 
presenting to our view, yet we do now 
conceive it the first duty of an honest press 
to place before a wise and parental govern- 
ment the real causes which haye thus 
driven Ireland to madness. All the civil 
authorities of our country, from the Mar- 
quis of Wellesley to the humblest retainer 
in power, seem now inclined to place to 
the true account all the miseries of the 
present times. Thank God, the dreadful 
scenes we have read are not aggravated 
by the painful consideration that there is 
any thing of a political or religious na- 
ture mingled in their disgusting features. 
Great privations, almost bordering on 
actual want, have been the fruitful parent 
of mischief.” 

The latest accounts accounts describe 
the continuance of murders, burnings, 
floggings, and outrages; while General 
Rock, asthe desperate people are called, 
seems unappalled by the vengeance of the 
law. 

Married) Hugh Massy Ryves, esq: of 
Limerick, to Mrs. Lane, of the Grange Ley- 
ton, Essex.—Henry Lloyd, esq. of Castle- 
ing, county of Tipperary, to Harriet Ame- 
lia, daughter of the late Sir J. C. Carden. 

Died.| At Dublin, H. Metcalf, esq. M.P. 
for Drozheda.—Mary, wife of Major G. 
Wulff, of the Artillery.—Mr. D. Graisberry, 
printer to the University. 


TO CORRESPONDENTS. 
The variety of poetical articles in the correspondence has led to the omission of 


the usual poetical article. 


The Stephensiana also gave way to the life of Nunez. 


We have given .the inscription in Selden’s House, literally, without presuming to 
correct or improve it. In our next we propose to give Newton's House, at Wolstrope. 

Many valuable papers which came to hand dfter the 10th, are unavoidably deferred ; 
and interesting as are our contents, we have more similar matter in our drawers, than 
we can assort with temporary pieces for the next three years. ! 

The article relative to the new mode of raising water, and its engraving, will appear 


in our next. 


Communications of all kinds frem South America, from Spain, Portugal and Greece, 


are much coveted, and will command our preference. 


The patriots of those countries 


are unaware of the eagerness with which information is sought, and how much their 
cause suffers in foreign nations from ignorance of their transactions. , 
Many of our subscribers have omitted to order the last Supplement. 


MONTHLY 


MAGAZINE. 


No. 367.] 


MAY 1, 1822. 


[4 of Vol. 53. 


COWPER’S HOUSE AT WESTON. 

Tue name and character of Cowper are so endeared to every lover of genius and 
the muses, that we shall be excused in adding his residence to our series, although it 
has not the recommendation of great antiquity. In this rustic building he translated 
his Homer, and wrote many original pieces, which will be admired as long as sterling 
sentiments and fine compositions are preferred to the frippery of the Lake-School, and 
the wire-drawn quartoes of such rymesters as Southey. Here Cowper passed his time 
from 1786 till 1795, with hisamiable friends Mrs. Unwin and Lady Hesketh, and perhaps 
there never existed any premises more truly consecrated by virtue and genius, and 


more distinguished by their fruits in prose and verse. 


For the Monthly Magazine. 
AXIOMS illustrative of the MUTUAL OBLI- 

GATIONS of the TWO CLASSES of 

SOCIETY, the RICH and the POOR; 

with PLANS of an EQUITABLE and 

BENEFICIAL SYSTEM of POOR-LAWS. 

HE natural, legal, and social 

rights of all men are or ought to 
be alike. All have a right to subsis- 
tence, provided they apply the labour, 
without which, even the fruits of the 
earth are not to be obtained. 

It seems allowable, within certain 
bounds, which are to be determined by 
the natural wants of others, for pro- 
vident men to hoard the superfluous 
produce of their industry. 

MoxTHLy Mac, No. 367. 


This is the only legitimate founda- 
tion of what is called Wealth. 

But the invention of that portable and 
imperishable representative of produce, 
money; and the multiplied artifices of 
provident hoarders, have accelerated 
the means of accumulation ; which, as- 
sisted by the laws of inheritance and 
primogeniture, and the influence of 
wealth itself, have enabled the rich to 
overlook the legitimate foundations of 
wealth, and to make laws for its se- 
curity altogether incompatible with the 
comforts and subsistence of others. 

Hence it was declared, on the highest 
moral authority recognized by man, 
that it is more easy for a camel to 

20 pass 


290 


pass through the eye of a needle than 
for a rich man to enter the kingdom of 
Heaven; and the violated obligations 
of the rich to their fellow men was 
exemplified by the same high authority, 
when a rich man was told, that, to qua- 
lify himself for the kingdom of Heaven, 
he must sell all he had, and give it to 
the poor! 

If, therefore, the rich shield their 
monopolies by laws made by them- 
selves ; and these monopolies are per- 
mitted, for other social advantages, to 
entrench on the general right to di- 
vide the fruits of the earth; an obliga- 
tion arises in the rich not to combine 
oppression with deprivation ; but to con- 
cede other laws, which shall secure for 
willingness to labour, a natural subsis- 
tence ; and, if these laws do not include 
superfluities, then the obligation extends 
to provisions for sickness and old age. 

The only resource and capital of 
those who, by their own labour, or that 
of their forefathers, have not accumu- 
lated, being their strength and skill to 
labour, the competition among em- 
ployers ought to be rendered as exten- 
sive as possible ; and the market for the 
poor man’s strength and skill ought to 
be unrestrained by any municipal re- 
strictions ; otherwise poverty would be 
rendered a state of interminable and 
hopeless slavery. 

But, as the examples of idleness and 
luxury set by the wealthy lead to the 
desire of similar induigences in those 
who are not wealthy ; and as the despair 
of hopeless labour leads the poor to 
seek oblivious antidotes in fermented 
liquors, some social security is neces- 
sary to guard against the claims of 
those who indulge in improvident ex- 
penditure and idle habits, and whose 
labour or personal skill do not yield 
a competent surplus. 

In the reconcilement of the condi- 
tions contained in the two last para- 
graphs, and in accommodating the 
assumptions and monopolies of the 
wealthy to the rights and privations of 
the not wealthy, lie the difficulties of 
just legislation on these subjects. 

Laws made by the wealthy ought to 
be just, and always have reference to 

first principles; because wealth is a 
~ mere relative condition, consisting of 
nothing more than the power of appro- 
priating the labour and abstracting the 
means of others; and, if such laws are 
not just, they will be inefficient, or soon 
cease to be so; for, as the poor reason 


2 


A new System of Poor-Laws proposed. 


[May 1, 
like the rich, and as sentiments of gene- 
ral humanity influence the social prac- 
tices of mankind in general, so all will 
conspire from interest and feelingto frus- 
trate laws which are not founded on the 
common rights and wants ofevery class. 

“The whole business of the poor 
(says Mr. Burke, in his Natural So- 
ciety,) is to administer to the idleness, 
folly, and luxury of the rich ; and that 
of the rich, in return, is to find the best 
methods of confirming the slavery and 
increasing the burthens of the poor.. 
In a state of nature it is an invariable 
law, that a man’s acquisitions are. in 
proportion to his labours. In a state of 
artificial society, it is a law as constant 
and as invariable, that those who la- 
bour most, enjoy the fewest things; and 
those who labour not at all, have the 
greatest number of enjoyments.” 

Upon these Machiavelian principles 


“appears to be founded the insulting — 


Bill which the House of Commons re- 
cently permitted to be read before it,— 
a Bill whose provisions, if enacted into 
Law, would carry back the English 
people six centuries, and reduce them 
to the condition of Russian serfs, Ger- 
man boors, and almost of West-Indian 
slaves. In imminent danger of being 
flogged and imprisoned if found beyond 
the boundaries of their parish, and 
therefore obliged to work for a limited 
number of local masters, competition 
would be destroyed, and their remune- 
ration would become a minimum; while, 
all hope of emancipation or improve- 
ment being extinguished, they would 
sink into the condition of brutes. 

Instead of a system whose malignity 
defeats itself by exciting a moral and 
social re-action,—which deprives po- 
verty of the pride of independence, by 
involving its exertions in criminal re- 
sponsibility,—which causes the very 
effect that it seeks to prevent, by per- 
petuating indigence ;—and which, it is 
proved, by the experience of two centu- 
ries and a half, has caused a progressive 
increase of poor-rates, by deteriorating 
the character and morals of the indus- 
trious population: it is proposed to 
enact, in due form:— 

1. That vestries, or guardians of the 


poor, shall be empoweredin every parish to . 


build as many cottages, of four rooms, 
with at least a rood of garden-ground, 
held as parish estates, as shall accommo- 
date, at easy rents, the married labourers 
and artizans of the parish, as free te- 
nants; the money to be raised on the 

security 


OO 


1822. | 


security of the poor-rates, and the mo- 
derate rents to be applied in liquidating 
the principal and interest. 

Observation.—It is “presumed that 
pairs of such cottages might be erected 
for 1501. The cultivation of the gar- 
den would be a source of pride and 
profit, and its possession a security for 
good conduct. If ten per parish were 
erected throughout the United King- 
dom, they would place 150,000 fami- 
lies in a state of ease and independence, 
who are now miserable paupers. ‘Thus, 
one operation would remove half the 
present distresses of the people, relieve 
the workhouses, diminish the parish- 
rates, and arrest their further increase. 

2. And also, that commissioners of 
roads shall build cottages, with four 
rooms, on the site of every mile-stone, 
for the residence of labourers on the 
roads, each provided with at least a rood 
of garden, with right of common. 

Observation. — ‘This system would 
place in humble independance 30,000 
families, and relieve the parishes from 
60,000 poor, besides providing lodg- 
ings for 20,000 unmarried labourers, 
and improving, peopling, and beautify- 
ing our roads. 

3. To eatend the free and unrestrained 
market for labour, to equalize the rates, 
and remove the jealousies, disputes, and 
suits of parishes, it is proposed to enact, 
that the rates of all the parishes in every 
county shall be consolidated, and the 
funds appropriated, as required, by over- 
seers or vestries. 

Observation.—If it should be feared 
that the local expenditure drawn from a 
consolidated fund would be greater 
than if drawn from a local fund raised 
on those by whom it is expended, it 
should be recollected that we are 
choosing between evils ; and it is be- 
lieved that itis the illiberal expenditure 
of small districts which creates the ag- 
gravations of poverty, and is ils chief 
eause; while the fetters which the pa- 
rish jurisdictions impose on the poor 
are worth any problematical sacrifice 
of property, and the saving in disputes 
and removals would be equal to the 
difference in expense: at the same 
time that the extended market for la- 
bour, together with cottage erections, 
would probably diminish the poor one- 
half in number. 

4. To enable the artizan and labourer 
to carry his skill and industry to the 
most productive market, it 1s proposed to 
repeal all the laws of settlement ; and, at 


A new System of Poor-Laws proposed. 


291 
the same time, to enable the dispensers of 
public bounty to discriminate between 
industrious and idle travellers, it is pro- 
posed that every housekeeper, who has 
employed any artizan or labourer for 
three or more days, shall certify the sim- 
ple fuct, with the date and period; and 
this certificate shall serve as a protection 
within the county for three months; but, 
if the artizan or labourer purpose to 
leave the county, then such certificate 
shall be verified by the signature and seal 
of a justice of the peace. 

Observation.—One chief cause of 
poverty being the obstructions opposed 
to the migration of artizans and la- 
bourers, owing to the local incumbrance 
which they may create, the average of 
such incumbrances would be deter- 
mined by free migration, and all ine- 
qualities would be removed by the fund 
for the poor being a county instead of 
a parish fund; while, to guard against 
rogues and mere vagabonds, the certifi- 
cate would serve a sufficient general 
purpose; and, although one in a hun- 
dred might evade liberal provisions, 
yet liberal provisions ought not to be 
withheld on that account, and ninety- 
nine good men punished for the abuse 
made of them by one bad man. 

5. Let an asylum for the sick, help- 
less, and aged poor, be provided in every 
parish or hundred, and at this asylum 
let all travelling artizans and labourers, 
who have a certificate, be provided with 
lodging when he requires it, and with 
one good meal of soup or pottage within 
the day. 

Observation.—Such a provision would 
deliver from the cbligation of seeking 
permanent relief all who are pressed 
for a night’s lodging, or a nourishing 
meal ; and the certainty that such tem- 
porary aid could be obtained would 
encourage unemployed persons to per- 
severe in their search for employment, 
instead of throwing themselves at once 
on the parish-rates. 

6. Every such asylum should be pro- 
vided with a department for employing 
at low wages those who had obtained no 
certificate for three months, and whose 
certificate had been undersigned at more 
than thirty asylums for board and 
lodging. 

bservation.—The employment might 
consist in gardening for the éstablish- 
ment and for the out-poor, in build- 
ing and repaivring parish cottages, in 
making cloathing, &c. for the esta- 
blishment and out-poor, in repairing 
roads, 


292 


roads, and in other local improvements, 
according to the skill and habits of 
the party. : 

7. Every parish should be provided 
with a Benevolent Fund, to be aided, as 
far as necessary, by the rates, the terms 
of which should be, that for every pound 
deposited by working artizans and la- 
bourers, or servant women, the parties 
should at the end of seven years, on not 
more than twenty pounds, be entitled to 
4s. per annum for life; at the end of a 
reserved fourteen years, to 8s. per an- 
num ; at the end of twenty-one years, to 
12s. per annum; at the end of twenty- 
eight years, to 20s. per annum; and at 
the end of thirty-five years, to 30s. per 
annum: and, in case of intermediate 
death, the original sum, with simple in- 
terest, should be paid to widows or 
children. 

Observation.—These funds, and the 
cottages with gardens, would attach 
the poor to their local connexions infi- 
nitely more than any coercive laws, 
and would in time render direct parish 
relief unnecessary. The fund would 
of course have the benefit of the divi- 
dends of those who did not require 
them; and, although it might not be 
profitable, yet the payment of defi- 
ciencies would be the lightest and 
most advantageous method of paying 
poor-rates. 

8. Every parish should be obliged to 
plant, in public situations, one thousand 
grafted fruit-stocks or trees per annum 
for seven years, and one thousand every 
three years afterwards, for every thou- 
sand acres contained within the parish. 

Observation.— By this plan the re- 
sources of the poor would be indefinitely 
increased at a trifling cost. Grafted 
stocks at this time cost but five shil- 
lings per hundred, and their multipli- 
cation would reduce the cost a third 
within the seven years. Warious other 
fruit-trees might be interspersed. 

9. In towns, also, houses might be 
built, and let at low rates to the married 
poor ; and destitute persons might have a 
meal per day, and lodging at the poor- 
house, under the same limitations as in 
the country. 

Observation —Houses for the mar- 
ried poor, both in town and country, 
would furnish cheap lodgings for the 
unmarried poor, and keep both from 
bad company and the public-house. 
The gratuitous meal and lodging, du- 
ring a limited period, would be attend- 
ed by far less expense than removals 


A new System of Poor- Laws proposed. 


[May 1, 
or permanent relief, which, from there 
being at present no middle course, is the 
only resource of hopeless industry. A 
department for labour should of course 
exist in town poor-houses, as well as 
in country ones. 

10. Those who, from non-renewal of 
certificates of employ, are taken into the 
employment of the parish, and then re- 
Suse to labour, may be committed to the 
House of Correction, by the warrant of 
not less than two justices of the peace, 
Sor limited periods ; and those who wan- 
der for three months after thetr last 
certificate has expired, may, on charge 
of misconduct, be subjected to similar 
discipline. 

Observation.—This last clause will 
satisfy the policy of those who think 
the poor are only to be governed by 
coercion ; but the concession is made in 
confidence, that, if the other provisions 
are liberally carried into effect, not 
one would be sent to houses of correc- 
tion for every five hundred who now 
are sent to them. Under a kind sys- 
tem, which permitted iabour to find 
the best market, and provided for tem- 
porary wants, the poor would shift for 
themselves, and maintain a sturdy and 
honourable independence. 


It is doubtless a difficult problem to 
reconcile the monopolies of wealth with 
the equal rights of all; but the diffi- 
culties diminish as each party con- 
cedes, while they increase to an im- 
practicable extent by the undue ex- 
pectations of wealth and power. 

It has been the notorious effect of 
the present poor-laws to cause the rich 
to hate the poor, and the poor to hate 
the rich; and for each to prey without 
compunction upon the other, in the 
spirit of mutual hostility; while, by 
crippling the exertions of industry, 
these proud and cruel laws have so 
multiplied the numbers of the poor, 
and increased the assessments for their 
support, as to make the rich, poor,— 
without making the poor, either rich or 
comfortable. Nothing, therefore, but 
stubbornness of pride can continue to 
support a systemwhich has utterly failed; 
and nothing but folly and wickedness 
united can induce legislators to cherish 
such a fallen system, and seek further to 
aggravate it by new enactments, made 
in the bad spirit which for half a cen- 
tury has directed the accumulation of 
our statutes on this subject. 

April 11, 1822. ComMON en 
0 


1822.] 


Lo the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. 
SIR, 
O* looking into the Repository of 
Arts, &c. for this month, I find a 
long account of what is termed ‘Sir 
William Congreve’s plan for the pre- 
vention of forgery,” with some beauti- 
ful specimens from the blocks that have 
been done. to show the difficulty or im- 
possibility of making an exact imita- 
tion of them. It is not my present 
purpose to lay before you the scheme 
that, L offered to the commissioners for 
the same end, some time ago, nor 
either to praise or blame the conduct of 
that respectable hody of gentlemen ; 
only it strikes me as a thing very sin- 
gular, that nothing has been done by 
the commissioners, or by the Bank of 
England, to put into use either these 
blocks, or any other mode of en- 
graving, which has been laid before 
them by numbers of artists, for the 
purpose of accomplishing so desirable 
an object. 

Instead of doing the borders to the 
notes in the way I recommended, it 
seems a ground-work or filligree-work, 
somewhat similar in effect to the plan 
I laid before them, but executed by 
means of engine-turning, has been pre- 
ferred; and in this way the notes said 
to have been invented by Sir William 
Congreve have been done. How it 
happens that the Bank of England and 
the commissioners, from whom _ so 
much has been anxiously expected, 
and whose laborious examinations one 
should suppose had by this time ena- 
bled them to have made up their minds 
on the business, have not publicly de- 
clared that Sir William Congreve or 
some others have been entitled, if not 
to the rewards which were held out to 
them, at least to the credit due to their 
ingenuity, is a matter of surprize to the 
public; but this, with submission to 
their better judgment, as to the reasons 
which may have guided them, I must 
leave without any comment. | 

It, however, becomes a duty incum- 
bent upon me to notice in a different 
way what the editor of the Repository 
of Arts, &c. has said respecting “the 
great obligation which country bankers, 
and indeed the country at large, owe 
to Sir William Congreve for the intro- 
duction of coloured stamps in lieu of the 
common dry stamp, formerly used in 
stamping bank-notes, &c.”* 

So long ago as March 1818, I im- 


* See the account in the Repository. 


Mr. Bewick on the Prevention of Forgery. 


293 
parted my plan for preventing for- 
gery to Sir M. W. Ridley, bart. u.p. 
and requested he would name it in 
Parliament if necessary; and after- 
wards in another letter, dated May 
1818, (when the commissioners, I be- 
lieve, were appointed,) that he would 
be so good as to lay it before them, and 
in a part of this letter to him I men- 
tioned the business of using borders 
that could not be forged, for the use of 
country-banks. It runs thus, in my 
copy of that letter :—“ But, indeed, im- 
pressions to an incalculable amount 
might be done in this way with borders 
sufficient to serve all the bankers in 
the kingdom, and with more expedi- 
tion than steel dies are done, for the 
purpose of the government duties ; and 
by laying the duty upon the papers 
printed in this way, instead of stamp- 
ing them, they would be done with 
greater facility, and serve a better pur- 
pose.” 

In a letter to Sir Joseph Banks, 
dated September 1818, after pointing 
out the advantages of my scheme, I 
have said of these my blocks, ‘that 
they would print millions without al- 
teration or repair; the number indeed 
might be made great enough to supply 
all the bankers in the kingdom, and 
set aside the inefficient little duty- 
stamp, if government thought proper 
to do so.” 

In another letter to Sir Joseph 
Banks, dated August 1819, I have 
said, “should the Bank of England, 
through the discriminating abilities of 
the commissioners, succeed in stopping 
forgery, as I have no doubt they will, 
then the consideration I named to you 
before of furnishing country-banks with 
similar borders, instead of the govern- 
ment-duty-stamp, will, I think, be ab- 
solutely necessary to prevent the wide- 
spreading depredations which, without 
this check, will certainly follow upon 
the banks all over the kingdom.” 

In answer to these communications 
to the commissioners, their secretary, 
John Crosse, esq. in a letter I received 
from him, dated August 1819, says on 
this head, “ With regard to that part 
of your Jetter which relates to country ; 
banks, it does not appear to come 
within the limits of the commissioners’ 
duties, but rather to belong to the di- 
rectors of the Bank to make such 
arrangements as they may think proper 
with regard to it.” 

Such are some of the circumstances 
relating to this subject, which T have 
taken 


; 


204 


taken the liberty of submitting to the 
public, through the medium of your 
Magazine. If, however, Sir William 
Congreve can make it appear that this 
scheme of serving country-banks ori- 
ginated with himself, and was in no 
way derived from the information 
which I (and probably others) had the 
honour of submitting to the commis- 
sioners for their consideration, I have 
nothing farther to say on the subject. 

Who the artists are who have been 
employed to execute the notes, said in 
the Monthly Repository to have been 
the invention of Sir William Congreve, 
it isnot my present purpose to enquire. 
I wish not to detract from the just 
claims of any man, but to give a plain 
statement of what has taken place, so 
far as I have been concerned in this 
very important national affair, and to 
leave the question for the public to 
decide. 

I may take this opportunity of add- 
ing, that so far back as 1801, in a cor- 
respondence with Samuel Thornton, 
esq. M.P. and Sir Thomas Frankland, 
bart., I gave a full detail of what then 
appeared to me a plan calculated to 
put a stop to this growing evil. I 
mention these facts, to show that, 
whatever modifications and improve- 
ments my plan may have undergone, 
it is in substance now what it was 
twenty years ago; indeed, for a much 
longer period my thoughts and endea- 
vours have been directed to the per- 
fecting of a discovery in every respect 
so important to the interests of society 
and of humanity. 

Newcastle ; 
March 28, 1822. 

= 
For the Monthly Magazine. 
EXTRACT of a@ LETTER on HORSES and 
on RURAL SUBJECTS, from COUNT 

ViLTHEIM, of BRUNSWICK, to MR. 

LAWRENCE, of SOMERS TOWN. 
epee frequent complaints of bad 

weather in England and Ger- 
many always remind me of Sir Ro- 
bert Walpole, who, in one of his letters, 
says, “That he could not help veing 
much astonished at our constant com- 
plaints of bad summers, as our poets 
and novelists had borrowed their de- 
scriptions of fine summer mornings and 
evenings only from Grecian and Roman 
poets. After them we formed this 
ideal of fine weather; but we do not 
consider, that in the northern parts of 
Europe we cannot pretend to a fine 
elimate, but, on the contrary, a goed 


Tuomas Bewick. 


Count Veltheim on Horses and Rural Subjects. 


[May 1, 
fire-side is our best summer; and 
should we, nevertheless, have a fine 
one in nature, we ought to accept of it 
as an unexpected gift of Heaven, with- 
out complaining of the contrary.” 

Of my journey to Stuttgard and 
Wisbaden I shall tell you little, as you 
have already a short description of the 
oriental stud of Wirtemberg, and a 
particular one would be much too long 
for the compass of a letter; and of 
Wisbaden I know nothing that could 
interest you, except the great number 
of your countrymen now there, with a 
few of whom I was so fortunate as to 
make acquaintance. As for Stuttgard, 
I cannot avoid telling you, in general, 
that I found there a great many fine 
and thorough-bred oriental horses, a 
breed that I hope to see established in 
Germany. 

By my solicitation the King of Wir- 
temberg requested, through the French 
consul- general, M. Drovetti, at Cairo, 
of the Pasha of Egypt, some informa- 
tion relative to the Dongola horses. 
By this it appears, that “ good Don- 
gola horses are an excellent, and in 
Egypt a much esteemed breed; but 
till now it has always been very diffi- 
cult to obtain the best of them, and 
generally the worst only have come to 
Egypt.” But for the future, as the 
son of the Pasha had conquered Nu- 
bia, M. Drovetti, provided with a 
firman of the Pasha, will himself send 
to Dongola to buy, at the place itself, 
for the King of Wirtemberg, a certain 
number of the best horses. I have 
lately been informed from Stuttgard, 
that this has been really performed ; 
and, if so, these horses will arrive 
next spring at Stuttgard. 

Two Dongola stallions, which were 
lately at Vienna, both of them bought 
at Cairo, one from a merchant, the 
other from the Prussian general Mi- 
nutoli, are said not to be of very par- 
ticular quality, but much disfigured by 
great white marks, which however, as 
Burckhardt says, is their characteris- 
tical sign. According to all circum- 
stances, these two horses may be of 
the number of the above-said bad one ; 
but two other such horses, which the 
Pasha made a present of to the Prince 
of Carignan at Turin, have been much 
praised. 

Count Rzewusky has sold to the 
Emperor of Russia all the horses he 
brought with him from Arabia; and 
he is at present occupied with the de- 
scription of his journey, and with his 
remarks 


1822.] 


remarks on Arabian horses. As for 
Turkmainatti, you say :—‘ I think him 
to have been what formerly we were 
accustomed in England to call a Turk, 
but no Arabian.” Though I. cannot 
judge what kind of horses Place’s or 
Byerly’s Turks were, as I never saw 
drawings of them, I yet do not believe 
that they were real Turks, but nobler 
Asiatic horses; and can assure you, 
with much certainty, that Turk- 
mainatti was entirely different from the 
present Turkish horse, because I saw 
Turkmainatti still alive, and had like- 
wise the opportunity to see a great 
many Turkish horses in Turkey itself, 
and other places. 

The present Turkish horse has, al- 
most without exception, a very thin, 
generally overturned, or what we call 
in Germany deer’s neck, (in England, 
ewe-necked and cock-thropled, ) rather 
a too long and very thin back, and, 
though a straight, yet somewhat point- 
ed and lengthened croup; and, of the 
European horses, it is most resembling 
that of Poland, though it be indeed 
nobler, and the forefather of the Po- 
lish horse, too. But Turkmainatti’s 
figure is almost the contrary of all 
the said attributes of the present 
Turkish horse. Besides, my enquiries 
have completely convinced me, that 
Turkmainatti came from Yemen, over 
Egypt to Russia, and thence through 
Vienna, at last to Prussia. Niebuhr 
says, “That he had found the horses 
at Yemen of a larger and stronger 
kind, different from the other Arabian 
horses ;” and Burckhardt gives us the 
key to it by saying, that “every year 
there are brought to Yemen, over 
Suakin, a considerable number of 
Dongola stallions ;” therefore that kind 
might be a mixture of Arabian and 
Nubian blood, and from such, most 
probably, Turkmainatti has descended. 

Whether it has been the same case 
with the formerly so called Turks, in 
England, would be so much the more 
difficult to be found out, as there do not 
exist, to my knowledge, any drawings of 
them. Ihave by chance found a good 
collection of old English horse prints, 
with a country gentleman at Wirtem- 
berg; among which, for instance, Basto, 
Childers, and the Bloody-shouldered 
Arabian, the property of Lord Oxford, 
London, 1724. 

Messrs. Waddington and Hanbury 
shave lately returned from Nubia, 
where they pretend to have discovered 
the ruins of Méroé. Could you not per- 


Count Veltheim on Horses and Rural Economy. 


298 
suade them to publish any remarks 
which they made concerning the Nu- 
bian horse ? 

I receive at present the Sporting 
Magazine regularly. Its tendency, 
and especially your articles in it, con- 
demning the frequent cruelties com- 
mitted in England against animals, 
and of which I often was witness, is 
very noble, and deserves all acknow- 
ledgment. In Germany this is fortu- 
nately less necessary, as our national 
character is at least free from this 
stain, and deliberate cruelties to ani- 
mals seldom take place. Nor do we 
know such cruel amusements as bull- 
baitings, cock-fightings, &c. which 
surely contribute very much to make 
men insensible of such tortures in re- 
gard to one another. 

You wish for a complete list of the 
errors in the translation of my book, in 
order to publish them in the Sporting 
Magazine. Obliging as this offer is, it 
would be, as the French say, une mer 
a boire, and for the English public as 
tedious to read as for me troublesome 
to collect; for the translation is full of 
faults, which, for the greatest part, do 
not only alter the sense, but even some- 
times assert the contrary of what I 
have said in the original, whereby very 
eften the strongest contradictions arise. 
Therefore I confess freely, that the 
pleasure I derived from the translation 
of my treatise into the English Jan- 
guage, has been much spoiled; and I 
most gratefully acknowledge the in- 
dulgence of the English public, that, 
as far as I know, they have not yet 
accused me of having written nonsense, 
which the translator has really often 
done for me. I shall therefore only 
cite some of the most surprizing in- 
stances, and beg you to publish them 
for my justification, occasionally, in 
any publication with which you may 
correspond. 


Ex. G. page 22, of the original.—I conclude, 
from many before-mentioned reasons, that the 
oriental horse can no/ have degenerated in its native 
country, and at least not in the last eighty years ;’”” 
whereas the Translator ang: “That, from the afore- 
said motives, the thorough-bred oriental horse had 
very much degenerated in Englund since eighty 
years.” This I have not only noé affirmed, but even 
my aforesaid proofs are contrary to it. 

Page 146, of the original, I say, that in France 
there are but three studs of brood mares for the 
state; but, on the eontrary, a@ great many reserves 
or dep6ts of country stallions. Whereas the Trans- 
lator says, that of the latter there were likewise 
very few. 

Page 162, I say, “The Limousine horse is not so 
strong as the English half and three-quarters bred 
hunter 3” but the Translator renders it half-bred 
racer, whereas there are in England only thorough- 
bred racers. 

Page 169, 


i I say, that Mr. Adams had found a 
perfect 


mimmoth (or ante-diluvian elephant, ) 
frozen 


296 


frozen fast in the river Lena, which had been trans- 
ported to St. Petersburgh; and I add jocosely, that 
we could not judge of the original horse, because 
we had not had the fortune to find likewise somes 
where a frozen ante-diluvian horse. The Translator, 
however, takes upon himself to say, that already 
such a one was really preserved in the St. Peters- 
en Museum, whereof there’ is not a single word 
in the original. 

_ Page 175, of the original, in the note, 1 attempt to 
prove, that the Mongolish horse of the middle ages 
could not have been of superior quality, because the 
contemporary oriental writers on horses had entirely 
passed it over in silence. The Translator says, 
“That it had excelled ali the other oriental 
horses ;” just the contrary of what I had said, 
whereby my conclusion is in the greatest contradic- 
tion with the cited proofs. Add to these, still, two 
indeed very comical quids pro quo, which I must 
however pardon in the Translator, one of these mis- 
understood words being an idiom used in the north 
of Germany, and the other a proper name, viz. I 
say, page 200, of original, ‘‘That curt 400 years 
there had been at the Senner-heath, a wild stud be- 
longing to the Prince of Lippe, &c.” This Senner- 
heath (a proper name, as, for instance, Hounslow- 
heath, Bagshot-heath, &c.in England,) the Trans- 
lator has transformed into a stud of horses, from 
Sennaar (in Nubia). Of that country, in the year 
1400, when the above stud was established, there 
could scarcely have been any thing known in 
Germany. 

Last of all, I say, page 220, of the original, ‘That 
Charles Vernet was the first who quitted the old 
Shlendrian, of representing all horses in historical 
drawings as patterns of force and size. From the 
word Shlendrian, which signifies an old custom 
énvelerated by negligence, the Translator makes a 
Famous painter called Shlendrian, certainly not to 
be found in any dictionary of painters! But sa- 
pienti sat. 


As for the last harvest, it has been 
in general very productive, except the 
summer corn, which could not be got 
in entirely dry. 

The price of corn is still very low 
throughout Germany; the reasons of 
which are,—l. That England, un- 
luckily, is no longer a market for our 
corn; and 2. That, compared with 
former times, Russia and Poland pro- 
duce a great deal of corn, and over- 
load us with it. From this motive, 
even a war in Turkey would be very 
convenient, and a beneficial event for 
German agriculture, which is at pre- 
sent in great stagnation and distress. 

I long very much for the results of 
Parry’s expedition, as well as Frank- 
lin’s journey. Is it nota strange cir- 
cumstance, that Capt. Lyon, who is 
just returned from the interior of 
Africa, (where that of Herodotus, and, 
si licet magna componere parvis, like- 
wise my theory of the connexion of 
the Niger with the Nile, through the 
Bahr el Abiad, has been brought by 
him to the highest point of probability,) 
is now frozen fast near the North 
Pole; whereas Capt. Beechey, who 
passed there the winter before last, 
has been charged to examine the 
coasts of ancient Cyrenaica and Mar- 
marica, upon the north coast of Africa. 

As I am not partial to hunting par- 
lies, it was a mistake when I wrote to 
you, that I had been at them; I meant 


Count Veltheim on Horses and Rural Economy. 


[May 1, 
shooting parties. Besides, we hunt 
here in Germany generally only with 
greyhounds; though, as an exception, 
in Mecklenburgh have been arranged, 
long ago, some fox-huntings entirely in 
the English style. Formerly stag- 
hunting was found almost at all the 
German courts; but it has ceased du- 
ring the long wars, on account of the 
great expense, and the diminution of 
deer. The most perfect of this kind 
was at Dessau; and now there are in 
Germany only two wild-boar hunts, 
viz, at Dresden and Weimar. 

Some friends of mine intend to 
establish fox-huntings, but with dogs 
that are of a mixed breed of fox and 
grey-hounds, because we must have 
particularly speedy hounds, or else 
the foxes would always make their 
escape into inaccessible mountains, fo- 
rests, or marshes. 

As for politics, I shall only add a 
little. Except the Greeks, who seem 
to be sacrificed to the cruel polities of 
Europe, and especially to the English, 
if 1 may say so with you, (in case they 
should free themselves from their un- 
fortunate situation, they will now owe 
it, perhaps, in great measure to the 
Persians, their most ancient enemies, ) 
—this subject is now but little interest- 
ing to me, since our remarks will 
never change the course of things. 

At the funeral of Queen Caroline, 
we had at Brunswick some accidents, 
(naturally quite in miniature, ) that put 
us in mind of the London funeral 
scenes. The King has been, as you 
have seen by the newspapers, received 
at Hanover with great shouts, but with 
great expenses too, which will surely 
cause great after-pains to many of the 
Hanoverians. 

You wish to know, “ Whether it is 
true, that in Germany men of rank 
had often wives married with their 
left hand, and what their condition is in 
society?” To my knowledge, only 
some of our sovereign princes have 
thought themselves so much above the 
laws of the state and Christian religion, 
as to conclude such pretended mar- 
riages; and, in these cases, the circle 
of their court has been obliged to con- 
sider them as such. Of private per- 
sons, even of the highest distinction, I 
do not know any instance; and, in 
case there should be, such ladies would 
yet be considered merely as kept mis 
tresses, and not be admitted in good 
company. 

Brunswick ; 

Jan. 31, 1822, 


R. Ct. VELTHEIM. 


Toul 


1822.] 


To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. 


SIR, 
ublic tergiversations of public men should 
e publicly reprehended.” 


GENTLEMAN of the name of 

Watson, in his “ Observations on 
Southey’s Life of Wesley,” sccond edi- 
tion, page 206, note, has made some 
remarks on a transaction in which a 
near relation ef mine, the late Rev. 
James Rouquet, of Bristol, was con- 
cerned ; and, as it does not appear that 
Mr. Watson has profited by what I 
said in your Magazine for February 
1821, I request your indulgence whilst 
i state the real facts relative to this 
curious controversy. 

In this note of Mr. Watson, after 
attempting to defend Dr. Samuel 
Johnson fer the publication of _his 
“Taxation no Tyranny,” he (Mr. 
Watson) says,— But Mr. Wesley, we 
are told, recommended a pamphlet 
written in favour of the Americans to 
Mr. Pine, of Bristol, that he might 
insert passages from it in his paper, 
and which he first denied when charged 
upon him, and afterwards acknow- 
ledged.” Dr. Evans is surprized that 
none of his biographers have noticed 
this, and thinks that it was ‘‘ wise” in 
them to pass it over. The reason, I 
believe, was either that they never 
heard of the fact, or thought it one of 
the misrepresentations or exaggera- 
tions of the not over-temperate con- 
troversialists of the day. That it was 
an exaggeration, there was no more 
doubt than that Mr. Wesley was inca- 
pable of a wilful falsehood. There 
were two ways of accounting for it: 
the first that a man of Mr. Wesley’s 
engagements might easily forget that 
he had read and spoken well of a. parti- 
cular pamphlet; the other that he 
denied the circumstances against his 
better knowledge, when in point of 
fact there was scarcely any end to be 
answered by his doing so. The heated 
opponents of Mr. Wesley in that day 
adopted the less candid conclusion, 
and Dr. Evans remains sufficiently 
heated to.retain it, and to tell the 
world that Mr. Wesley was capable of 
a wilful falsehood. Did he ask, “ How 
many besides myself will believe this?” 
Tn answer to this question, 1 beg leave 
to tell Mr. Watson, that my worthy 
relative, Mr. Rouquet, believed it; all 
his family then believed it; and those 
who still survive now believe it. But 
to the facts, 

Montuty Mac. No, 367. 


“The 


Mr, Jennings on the Prevarication of Mr. Wesley. 


297 
The following publications are now 
before me:—“A Letter to the Rev. 
John Wesley, occasioned by his Calm 
Address to the American Colonies; by 
Caleb Evans, M.A. London, printed by 
Dilly, 1775.” “A Reply to the Rev. 
Mr. Fleteher’s Vindication of Mr. 
Wesley’s Calm Address to the Ame- 
rican Colonies; by Caleb Evans, M.a. 
Bristol, priated by W. Pine, 1776.” 
From these I learn that the principal 
arguments of Mr. John Wesley, in his 
“Calm Address to the American Colo- 
nies,” were taken verbatim, without 
acknowledgment, from Dr. Johnson’s 
“Taxation no Tyranny;” and that, 
although Mr. Wesley, in his ‘ Free 
Thoughts on the present State of Pub- 
lic Affairs,” published in 1770, said,— 
“I am no politician; polities lie quite 
out of my province: 1 do not defend 
the measures which have been taken 
with regard to America; I doubt whe- 
ther any man can defend them, either 
on the foot of law, equity, or pru- 
dence ;” yet, in 1774, he recommended 
a book entitled, “An Argument in 
Defence of the Exclusive Right claim- 
ed by the Colonies to tax themselves ;” 
and in less than a twelvemonth after- 
wards was “of another mind.” This 
book was written, it is said, by a Mr. 
Parker, and was recommended by Mr. 
Wesley to some of. his friends in Bris- 
tol; but who, when charged with 
having so recommended it in the pre- 
face to a new edition of his “Calm 
Address,” said he never yet saw it with 
his eyes. This book was put into Dr. 
(then Mr. Caleb) Evans’s hands by a 
articular friend, as a book Mr. John 
esley had strongly recommended to 
Mr. Pine, one of Mr. W.’s own people. 
Mr. Pine, printer in Wine-street, 
Bristol, declared, and offered to make 
oath, if required, that Mr. Wesley 
with his own hands put the book into 
Mr. Pine’s hands in September 1774, 
accompanying it with the strongest 
recommendations, and requested him 
to publish extracts from it in his Ga- 
gette. Mr. Pine read the book, re- 
commended it, as from Mr. Wesley, 
to many of his friends, and published 
extracts from it, as desired by Mr. 
Wesley, in his several papers of Sept. 
22, 29, and Oct. 6, 1774; and the iden- 
tical book which Mr. Pine received 
from Mr. Wesley, Mr. P. had then 

(1775) in his possession. 
The Rev. James Rouquet declared, 
and offered to' make oath, if required, 
2P that 


298 
that Mr. Wesley recommended the 
aforesaid book to him, in consequence 
of which he purchased and read it. 
That, some time after, Mr. Wesley re- 
commended the same book to his bro- 
ther, the Rev. Charles Wesley, at Mr. 
Rouguet’s house, as a book that would 
open his eyes ; and that,in consequence 
of such recommendation, Mr. Rouquet 
immediately produced the said book, 
and, in the presence of Mr. John Wes- 
ley, lent it to Mr. Charles Wesley, who 
took it home with him ; and after some 
time returned it, with Mr. Rouquet’s 
name written on the cover, in Mr. C. 
Wesley’s hand-writing. This iden- 
tical book was in Mr. Rouquet’s pos- 
session in 1776. 

The “ Reply to Mr. Fletcher's Vin- 
dication” contains letters from Mr. 
Rouquet, dated Noy. 6, 1775, and Mr. 
Pine, Noy. 7, 1775, to Mr. John Wes- 
Jey, with Mr. Wesley’s letters in reply. 
Those gentlemen call upon Mr. Wes- 
ley for an’explanation of his denial of 
having ever seen the book above 
alluded to. In his first answer to Mr. 
Rouquet, dated Nov. 8, 1775, Mr. 
Wesley still said that he remembered 
nothing of the book, neither of the title 
nor the argument; but be promised to 
send to the bookseller’s for the book, 
and afterwards to write again. This 
letter began thus, “‘ Dear Jemmy.” 
Tu Mr. Wesley’s second letter to Mr, 
Rouquet, dated Nov. 13, 1775, his tone 
was altered to “ Dear James,—I will 
now simply tell you the thing as it is, 
As I was returning from the North to 
the Leeds Conference, one gave me 
the tract which you refer to, part of 
which I read on my journey. The 
spirit I observed to be admirably good, 
and I éhen thought the’ argument con- 
elusive: in consequence of which, I 
suppose, (though I do not remember 
it,) L recommended it to you and 
others. But I had so entirely forgotten 
it, that, even when it was brought to 
me the other day, I could not recollect 
that I had ever seen it.” This letter, 
after some other observations, not ne- 
cessary to my present purpose, con- 
cludes 'thus :—‘* If you have a mind. to 
press this thing further, do, and let it 
stand as an everlasting monument to 
all the world of the gratitude of James 
Rowquet and William Pine.” 

In a-subsequent letter to Dr. Caleb 
Evans,’ dated ‘Dee. 9, 1775, tobe 
found also in the above collection, Mr. 
Wesley admits again his having scen 


3 
~ 


Mr, Jennings on the Prevarication of Mr. Wesley. 


[May 1, 
and recommended Mr. Parker’s book ; 
he also admits several other expres- 
sions and opinions attributed to him, 
but adds, “I am now of another mind.” 

Upon a review, therefore, of the 
whole of this controversy, it is indispu- 
table that Mr, John Wesley brought 
the book, entitled, “An Argument in 
Defence of the exclusive Right of the 
American Colonies to tax themselves,” 
from the North of England, where 
some person gave it to him, to Bristol ; 
that, when in that city, he strongly re- 
commended it to Mr. Pine to put 
extracts from it into his newspaper ; 
that he also strongly recommended it 
to the Rev. Mr. Rouquet, and to his 
brother the Rev. Charles Wesley, as a 
book that would open his eyes; and 
yet, notwithstanding all this, Mr. John 
Wesley positively denied ever having 
seen it with his eyes, till, by a concur- 
rence of circumstances, not to he con- 
troverted, he at length, and very un- 
graciously, admitted his error, or some- 
thing worse. 

This, sir, whatever may be the confi- 
dent tone of Mr. Watson, is no misre- 
presentation nor exagyeration, but the 
plain history of the case. The reader 
will give whatever credence he may 
please to Mr. Wesley’s statement ; but, 
if it be true, his whole conduct in the 
controversy’ was most strange, and 
very unlike a person who had nearly 
forgotten the circumstance. — That 
many respectable persons in Bristol, 
who knew the circumstances well, did 
think at the time that Mr. Wesley 
« prevaricated on the occasion,” there 
is no doubt; and epithets were privately 
applied to him which I should be sorry 
to repeat. 

Mr. Watson accuses Dr. John Evans 
of being a liberal; I suppose I must 
hardly expect to escape vitaperation 
for this offering at the shrine of truth ; 
but most certainly I shall not imitate 
Mr. Watson’s illiberal freedom of im- 
puting motives and applying epithets 
which he would have done better to 
have omitted: it is to be lamented that 
disputants forget too often, when op- 
posed, the principles with which’ they 
profess to be actuated. : 

Mr. Watson’s allusion to Dr. John- 
son is rather unfortunate; for, notwith- 
standing we would hope better, things, 
it doés, somehow or another, almost 
always happen, that persons who re- 
ceive pensions from a government, 
support that government, right or 
wrong. 


1822.] 


wrong. There may be, and I hope 
are, honest pensioners: but a pensioner 
cannot, from his situation, ever be enti- 
tiled to the character of an oracle; 
advice and opinions coming through 
such channels will ever be suspected. 
How much of importance have the 
opinions and conduct of Mr. Burke 
lost by his pension ! 
JAMES JENNINGS. 
London, March 12, 1822. 
—=z_—— 
To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. 
SIR, 
N consequence of your Report on 
Vaccination, may I beg to refer 
you to the following recent treatises 
on the subject? 

A Statement of Facts, tending to esta- 
blish an Estimate of the present State and 
true Value of Vaccination; by Sir Gilbert 
Blane, bart. 8vo. (18 pp.) 

An Account of the Varioloid Epidemic 
which has lately prevailed in Edinburgh, 
and other parts of Scotland; with Obser- 
vations on the Identity of Chicken-pox 
with Modified Small-pox: in a Letter to 
Sir James M‘Gregor; by J. Thomson, 
M.D. F.R.S. 

A History of the Variolous Epidemic 
which occurred in Norwich in the year 
1819, and destroyed 530 individuals: with 
an Estimate of the Protection afforded by 
Vaccination; by John Cross. 


The Medical Repository of London, 
edited by Dr. Uwins, who contributes 
to your Monthly Medical Reports, 
contains a copious review and analysis 
of Mr. Cross’s valuable work. I will 
cite a few sentences from the review: 
—“Ten thousand vaccinated indivi- 
duals were living at Norwich in the 
midst of the contaminated atmosphere, 
while 530 deaths occurred in the course 
of twelve months amongst little more 
than three thousand persons, who had 
neglected that beneficent provision— 
the Vaccine. 

A Member or THE CoLLeGe 
Feb. 27. oF SURGEONS. 

P.S.—You do not seem at all aware of 
the distinction there is betwixt regular 
small-pox and the modified form of the 
disease subsequent to vaccination.—Ex- 
cuse this, in haste, from one who wishes 


well to your exertions in the “ Cause of 
Truth.” 


—_—_— 
Lo the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. 
SIR, 
{ INCLINE to agree with Mr. 
Bakewell, in your last Miscellany, 
as to the principle of safety in the ex- 
ploration of mines, 


On Vaccination.—On Fire-damp, &c. 


299 

In the counties of Gloucester and 
Somerset the terms choke-damp* and 
fire-damp. are perfectly well understood. 
by the working colliers. More than 
sixty years ago I recollect those terms 
to have been in familiar use. The 
terms carbonic acid gas and hydrogen 
gas are of modern invention; the first 
applying to choke-damp, the other to 
fire-damp. 

The precautions suggested by Mr. 
Bakewell I conceive to have been 
well described, but those precautions 
are not easily applicable in mines, the 
shafts of which are placed on the deep 
of the strata ; which decline, as I think, 
from the surface at the rate of twenty 
to twenty-four inches per yard in the 
coal countries hereabout, especially in 
Barton Regis, or Kingswood, Glouces- 
tershire. 

Before the general introduction of 
the fire-engine, of noble invention, it 
was the practice of working adventu- 
rers in that district and others, to sink 
the shaft at a convenient distance from 
the surface, and to work downward, by 
the hand windJace, with decline of the 
strata. Thus the coals were sold at 
less than half the present price; and 
I have now several plots of untouched 
coal land in the same. district, the 
coals of which I would deliver at the 
pit mouth for 3d. to 33d. per bushel. 

Many of the old adventurers ac- 
quired a decent property, bequeathing 
to their posterity,—some not very dis- 
tant neighbours of mine, I know, now 
possessing the fruit of such their ma- 
nual industry. 

It is pretty generally known, that I 
never was over friendly to the applica- 
tion of costly machinery, tending to 
supersede manual Jabour, or to boot- 
less waste of human life; and hath not 
such my presentiment been too fatally 
exemplified, even in the fire-engine, in 
expensive threshing-machines, in cum- 
brous apparatus for agricultural pur- 
poses, in spinning and weaving ma- 
chines, in clothing machinery of nume- 
rous descriptions, and in all of which 
many millions on millions sterling have 
been sunk, never agai to rise? 

Probably the old lead mine, to 
which Mr. Bakewell adverts, might 
have been wrought before the Roman 
name had existence ; for the Carthagi- 
nians and other nations are well sup- 


* Under the word Damp, in Bailey’s 
Dictionary, fourth edition, the terms are 
correctly defined, 

posed 


300 


posed to have traded with the Cornish 
men, and other antient Britons, in ex- 
change for their tin and cepper, and, 
not unlikely, for their more precious 
metals. 

More than fifty years since past I 
was favoured by the then captain with 
a view of a mine in the western extre- 
mity of Cornwall; and, seeing the con- 
struction of the main shaft, connected 
as it was with its correspondent open- 
ings, I should conceive there would 
not be any sort of danger to the work- 
men arising from either of the damps. 

NEHEMIAH BARTLEY. 
Cathay, Bristol ; March 14, 1822. 

P.S.—It seems a lead mine about St. 
Austle, in Cornwall, hath been lately dis- 
covered richly productive im silver, and in 
which I at present incline to subscribe for 
asmall share; not more with a view to 
individual benefit, than to contribute in 
advancing the general good, and other 
object I value not a rush. 

—<=>——— 
THE GERMAN STUDENT. 
No. XXIII. 
SCHILLER continued, 


N 1787 Schiller produced his Don 
Carlos. Otway has written a tra- 
gedy in rhime on the same story. With 
him the love of the prince for his step- 
mother is made the hinge of interest. 
Philip’s jealousy of his son, irritated 
by the Princess Eboli from motives of 
feminine pique, induces him to order 
poison to be administered to the queen, 
and the veins of the prince to be open- 
ed. Their innocence is discovered 
after their doom is become irrevocable. 
The whole piece is in the worst style 
of Spanish tragedy, full of the chival- 
rous and extravagant in sentiment and 
incident, and worthier of Corneille 
than Otway. The soliloquy of the 
king, which opens the fifth act, is per- 
haps the best speech in the play. 
Schiller has chosen. to concentrate 
our attention on interests of a higher 
order. than the fortunes of a senti- 
mental passion, or the celentings of an 
unkind father. By connecting with 
the existenco of Don Carlos the even- 
tual freedom of opinion in a vast 
empire, and the liberties of the Nether- 
lands, he has given an importance to 
the action. of his drama, which had 
hitherto seldom been attained even in 
the epopea. All his characters have a 
colossal dignity, proportioned to the 
grandeur of the interests which they 
involve. It is truly an heroic tragedy, 
an assemblage of no common men. 


Mr. Bartley on Choke-damp and Fire-damp. 


[May 1, 
Other dramatic writers, in treating the 
conspiracy of Venice, or the death of 
Charles I. had been content to seek, in 
family distress and individual suffer- 
ing, for the more prominent touches of 
pathos which were to affect their au- 
ditors: but with Schiller the sacrifice 
of a long-embosomed love, and the 
hazard of an exalted friendship, heart- 
probing as they are, were to form but 
secondary and subordmate sources of 
interest, and to be ornaments only of 
the majestic march of an event, whose 
catastrophe makes every friend to 
mankind shudder. 

Of the characters in this play, the 
newest, the most peculiar, and the 
most heroic, is that of the Marquis 
Posa; the boast, if not the glory, of 
the author. (See his Briefe uber Don 
Carlos.) tis a fine attempt to deli- 
neate the enthusiast of human emanci- 
pation, the disinterested friend of man- 
kind, the patriot of the world. Con- 
scious of the talent and the will to 
bless, this great man is described as 
pursuing, with undeviating resolution, 
the sacred end of ameliorating the con- 
dition of his countrymen, by removing 
every barricr to freedom of sentiment, 
and by favouring every institution be- 
neficial to the people. —In his: very 
boyhood the inherent ascendancy of 
his worth had attracted the friendship 
of Don Carlos; but his philanthropy, 
more powerlul than any individual 
affection, never forgets in his young 
companion the future sovereign, and is 
studious to engrave on the mind of the 
prince his own pure idea of the 
highest practicable happiness of a na- 
tion. Conscious from the outset of his 
natural superiority, Posa is the reluc- 
tant friend; and, when at length won 
to the acknowledgment of esteem by 
the generosity of Carlos, he thinks of 
making a return only in public ser- 
vices: “This debt will I repay when 
thou art king.” Consulted by the 
prince about the interests of his: pas- 
sion, Posa no longer recognizes his 
Carlos, the pupil of his tuition, the 
mirror of his plans, the right hand of 
his intentions ; he is alarmed rather for 
the expected benefactor of his country- 
men than for the suffering friend ; and, 
when he has heard the confession of 
this incestuous love’ for ‘the wife » of 
Philip, he seems rather intent on in- 
creasing by means’ of ‘it his influence 
over the prince, than on’ weaning him 
from so preposterous a pursuit. ‘This 
facility is almost unnatural; particu- 


larly 


1822.] 


larly as the Marquis does not appear 
to be in possession of sufficient grounds 
for believing that the queen would 
assist in the best possible direction of 
the passions of Carlos ; and, as his self- 
command and judgment so habitually 
outweigh the inclinations of bis affec- 
tion, that, when the prince asks— 
“What could force thee from my 
heart, if woman could not?’ Posa 
ealmly answers, ‘‘I could myself.” 
This. superiority to his friendship, this 
exclusive value for those qualities of 
Carlos which are the concern of the 
world, this republican spirit of Posa, 
becomes especially apparent in the 
third act, when he is introduced at 
court, and assails the monarch’s ear 
with the novel language of courageous 
and enthusiastic virtue. In the subse- 
quent interviews with the qucen, with 
Don Carlos, and with the king, Posa 
evidently shows himself capable of 
trampling with ruthless despotism on 
the safety even of his friend, if the 
great interests of humanity were, in his 
apprehension, to require the sacrifice. 
This is not a pleasing trait in his cha- 
racter; but it is a trait common in 
those men who have attained a disin- 
terested.love of specific reformations. 
Such persons are ofien found to hazard 
their own safety, and that of others, 
for the chance of realizing the specu- 
lations of their philanthropy. When 
therefore, at Jast, Posa thinks that he 
has obtained, by the sacrifice of his 
own life, the independence of Don 
Carlos, and his departure for the Ne- 
therlands, he acquires the self-suffi- 
cient exultation of a martyr. Careless 
of reputation, his last act has been to 
charge himself with an exceptionable 
passion for the queen. His last com- 
mands to Carlos are : “ Reserve thyself 
for Flanders: upon thy life depends 
the fate @ nations. My duty is to die 
for thee.” It is not the Orestes offer- 
ing his own life to saye that of his 
friend, but the philanthrope, who claims 
the survival of that individual, to whom 
circumstances’ entrust the highest 
powers of utility: it is ever the enthu- 
siast. conscious of the immeasurable 
value of his lofty views, and desirous 
of dying for them in such, circum- 
stances as may most contribute to 
secure the trust of their realization. 

Of the other characters none seem 
to require analysis ; because none are 
liable to misconception. Don Carlos, 
Philip, and the Grand Inquisitor, are 
each in their way masterly drawings. 

. 


The German Student —Schiller continued. 


361 


The female characters, as is usual with 
Schiller, are: less successful; especially 
the Princess Eboli, whose episodieal 
love for Carlos occupies a displeasing 
extent. Indeed all the interiocutors 
are too loquacious, all the specches too 
exuberant; Schiller had not yet learnt 
how essential to dramatic dialogue is 
that culling, skipping rapidity of 
thought, which notices only the promi- 
nent ideas of the personages. In the 
first half of the piece the reader is not 
enough prepared for an interest so 
wholly of the political kind, as that 
which ultimately absorbs every other. 
This is the earliest tragedy which 
Schiller composed in iambic blank 
verse, and his style here first lost that 
energetic convulsive striving, which, 
however impressive, wants the higher 
charm of unaffected grace. 

Wicland criticized this play in his 
Mercur with a degree of freedom 
which Schiller long felt as a wound; 
it was however so highly admired at 
Weimar, that the duke in consequence 
sent to Schiller the appointment of 
aulic counsellor, and an invitation to 
come and. reside near his _ person. 
Schiller accordingly left a country- 
house, where he had apartments near 
Leipzig, and removed to Weimar. He 
soon became a contributor to the 
Mercur, and published in it a history 
of the revolt of the Netherlands, which 
was separately published in 1788. 

In 1789 Schiller accepted a profes- 
sorship at Jena, and lectured on clas- 
sical literature; he continued, how- 
ever, the historic Jabours he had 
already undertaken, and produced his 
excellent history of the thirty years’ 
war. Under the title of “‘ The Hours” 
(die Horen) he conducted a periodic 
miscellany, in which his various minor 
poems, and many criticisms on works 
of the fine arts, were progressively 
inserted. Several of these poems have 
adorned our pages; see, for instance, 
vol. xii. p. 221, and vol. xvi. p. 137. 
Here is another: 

THE DIVER. 

* Who’s here of noble or vassal blood, 

Of courage to dive beneath this flood? 

I fling therein a golden beaker, 

And now ’tis swallowed up by the breaker, 

Whoever shows me the cup again, 

May have it and keep it for. his pain,” 

So spake King Robert of Sicily, 

From a high cliff overhanging the sea, 

While into the howling Charybdis he flung 

The goblet of gold in his hand thatheswung, 

‘© Who is so bold, I ask again, 

As into this deep to plunge amain ?” te 
1¢ 


302 


The knights and squires, who stood around, 
Heard him, but utter’d not a sound ; 

Tho’ they mark the sinking of the cup, 
No one of them cares to fish it up. 

A third time the king exclaims with a frown, 
“Ts no one so brave as to venture downe” 


Yet silent as before they stood ; 

When a fair page of noble blood 

Steps from among the fault’ring band ; 
His girdle and mantle he casts on the strand; 
And all the men and women amaz’d, 

On the lovely youth admiring gaz’d. 


And while he walks to the cliff’s brow, 
Looking down on the gulf below, 
Charybdis gave back bellowing 

The waters she’d been swallowing ; 

As with the noise of distant thunder 
Her foaming womb was rent asunder, 


It billows, it hisses, it seethes, and it roars, 
As when water on burning forests showers; 
‘To heaven the recking surges spray ; 
Wave pushes wave in endless fray, 
Exhaustless teeming, full and free, 

As would the sea bring forth a sea. 


At length the wild force dies away, 

And black, amid the foaming spray, 

And bottomless, as were it the path to hell, 
A growing chasm absorbs the swell ; 

And down the murky tunnel’s yawn, 
Eddying the rushing waves are drawn. 


Quick, ere the waters again are abroad, 

The youth commends himself to God. 

Around is heard a shriek of dismay, 

And already the whirlpool has borne him 
away ; 

The throat mysteriously closes o’er, 

And the bold swimmer is seen no more. 


Stiller becomes the watery abyss, 
Climbs from the deep. a hollower hiss ; 
The howlings more faintly die away. 
All wait in anxious terrific delay, 
And lips of many with trembling tell: 
“Thou lofty-spirited youth, farewell! 


“ Were it the crown that you had thrown, 
And said; Whoever brings me the crown 
Shall wear it, and be my king and lord, 

I would not fetch the dear reward. 

What's hid in the howling deep below 

No living soul shall ever know. 


“The whirlpool has seized on many a ship, 
And dragg’d it headlong into the deep ; 
But only a keel, or a splinter’d mast, 
From the all-swallowing grave have past.” 
Nowshriller and nearer the dashing is heard, 
Like winds when the coming storm is fear'd. 


It billows, it hisses, it seethes, and it roars, 
Itrushes and gushes, and dashes and pours. 
Wave pushes wave in endless fray ; 

To heaven the recking surges spray, 

And with the noise of distant thunder, 
Bellowing the dark womb bursts asunder. 


And lo! the swelling billows upon, 
Something uplifts itself, white as a swan, 


The German Student —Schiller continued. 


[May f, 


Andanarm,and a glittering shoulder is bare; 
It rows with force and busy care ; 

And’tis he! and highin his left hand held up, 
He flourishes, joyfully beckoning, the cup. 


With breathings long and deep he wins his 
way, . _ [day, 

And drinks the air, and greets the light of 

With frolic and clapping one cries to 
another : 

“ He lives! He is there! The abyss, could 
not smother ! 

The brave one was allowed to save 

His soul alive from the jaws of the grave.” 


He lands; the shouting choir surround ; 
At the king’s feet he sinks on the ground, 
And kneeling reaches back the cup. 

The monarch graciously lifts him up, 
Beckons his daughter so fair and so fine, 
Who fills the goblet with sparkling wine, 
And the page drank, and thus began. 


“‘ Long live the king! He well may be gay 
Who breathes the rosy light of day; 
Yonder lie horrors dark and dense ; 

Let no man tempt God’s providence, 
And never, never seek to know 

What graciously is veil’d below. 


« As had I fallen in air, it drags 

Me swiftly down—from between the crags 

New wildly boisterous fountains gush. 

The mingling force of the double rush 

T could not withstand; the eddy was strong, 

Like a top, it whirl’d me giddy along. 

“¢ Then God, to whom in my terrible need 

I cried for pity and help, gave heed, 

And show’d projecting trom beneath 

A rock which I seiz’d, and escaped from 
death. 

There hung the cup on a coral steep, 

Else it had dropt to the bottomless deep. 

Far underneath it lay below, 

Gleaming with dim and purple glow, 

Where to the ear tho’ all may sleep, 

The eye beheld amid the deep 

How salamanders, dragons, snakes, 

Were crawling in these hellish lakes, 


“In swarthy mixture here they throng, 
Or glide in griesly groups along, 
The sword-fish, the keen crocodile, 

And the sea-serpent’s sinuous file, 

And grinning with their triple teeth at me, 
Wide-throated sharks, hyenas of the sea. 


«There hung I long—in conscious fear— 

No human arm of help was near ; 

While forms of fright around me glare, 

The only feeling bosom there ; 

Below the reach of human ear, | 

Or human voice—in dumb despair. | 
f 
} 


‘¢ A griesly monster toward me swims, 
Moving at once a hundred limbs, 
And:snaps—in terror I let go 
From my faint grasp the coral bough, 
Down which I was clambering—then the 
surge 
Seiz’d me, but sav'd me—I could now 
emerge,” 
The 


1822] 


‘Fhe king, wonder’d much thereat, and said ; 
<The goblet is your own, my lad, 

And this ring, with precious jewels adorn'd, 
I destine you also—’tis not to be scorn’d— 
If you'll try again, and let us know 

What lies at the very bottom below.” 
This with soft feeling the daughter hears, 
And turn’d on the monarch her eyes in tears; 
“Such cruel sport henceforward spare, 
Ne has achiev’d what none else would dare. 
Tf the lusts of your heart you cannot assuage, 
Let some of your knights outdo the page.” 


Then the king snatch’d quickly the goblet 
again, 
And hurl it into the whirlpool amain. 
“Tf you will fetch me the beaker once more, 
All my knights you shall stand before; 
And her,who pleads for you with loving face, 
To-nigbt, as a husband, you shall embrace.” 
Then did heavenly force in his soul arise, 
And boldness liglitened from his eyes ; 
And he saw the fair maid blushing soon, 
And then he saw her turn pale dnd swoon, 
And was mov'd the precious prize to win, 
Come life, come death! he cast himself in, 
Ebb’d had the surge, and again it flow’d, 
And the thund'ring sound announc’d it 
aloud; [bent. 
With affectionate looks o’er the chasm they 
The waters they came, and the waters 
they went. 
The waves they gush up, and the waves 
slink away ; [the day. 
But none brings the youth to the light of 


In the foregoing version, the imper- 
sonal verbs, which so remarkably 
abound in the German original, have 
been purposely retained; although in 
our language they have a less welcome 
effect : but we deem it more instructive 
to give a faithful idea of any foreign 
original writing, than to make such 
poem read like an English work of art. 

. —=ss 
To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. 
SIR, 
HE following description of a very 
simple barometer is at your ser- 
vice. 

Take a common pbial bottle, and 
eutoff the rim and’ part of the neck. 
This may, be done: by a piece of string, 
or rather whip-cord, twisted round it, 
and pulled strongly ina sawing posi- 
tion by two persons; one of whomholds 
the bottle firmly in his left hand. 
Heated ‘inia few minutes by the fric- 
tion of the string, and ‘then dipped 
suddenly into cold water, the bottle 
will be decapitated more ‘easily than 
by amy other means; even than by a 
guillotine. 

Let the phial be now nearly filled 
with common pump-water, and, apply- 


Simple Substitute for a Barometer. 


303 


ing the finger to its mouth, turn it 
quickly upside-down ; on removing the 
finger it will be found that only a few 
drops escape. Without cork or stop- 
per of any kind, the water will be 
retained within the bottle by the pres- 
sure of the external air: the weight of 
air without the phial. being so much 
greater than that of the small quantity 
within it. 

Now let a bit of tape be tied round 
the middle of the bottle, to which the 
two ends of a string may be attached, 
so as to form a loop to hang on a nail : 
let it be thus suspended, in a perpen- 
dicular manner, with the mouth open 
downwards ; and this is the barometer. 

When the weather is fair, and in- 
clined to be so, the water will be level 
with the section of the neck, or rather 
elevated above it, and forming a con- 
cave surface. When disposed to be 
wet, a drop will appear at the mouth, 
which will enlarge till it falls, and then 
another drop, while the humidity of the 
atmosphere continues. 

To the truth of this experiment [ 
can give my probatum est ; but shall be 
glad if any of your scientific corres- 
pondents will explain more particu- 
larly the ratio of it. Why wil) not the 
water remain in the bottle unless the 
rim be cut off? which is the fact. Why 
should the water drop in moist weather, 
when (as I have tried,) holding the 
bottle before the fire will produce the 
same effect? D. G—s. 

Long Buckby, Feb. 9, 1822. 

—L>—— 

For the Monthly Magazine. 

A SHORT HISTORY of the CELEBRATED 
RACE-HORSE, ECLIPSE. 

EITHER the ancient Hippo- 
drome nor modern race-course 
can furnish perhaps so splendid an 
example of superior powers as does 
the annals of the famous race-horse 
Eclipse, whose performances were. of 
a description that rendered competi- 
tion useless with the horses of his day ; 
and his pre-eminence was such, that 
he at last was suffered quietly to re- 
ceive his laurels by walking over the 
ground, where no rival appeared to 
dispute his matchless claim. The 
bones of this famous ‘horse are now to 
be sold, and would» be ‘a’ valuable 
acquisition to the hall or hunting sta- 
bles of any nobleman or gentleman 
desirous of: making so splendid and 
highly curious appendage to his esta- 
blishment, since they must ever excite 
a share of interest and curiosity. "They 
are 


S04 


are also useful as an unexceptionable 
model on which to calculate speed in 
horses ; and, if there be any increase or 
falling-off of boné in Jength or size, in 
the future breeds of our race-horses, 
it can be readily ascertained, and in 
what degree, by his remains. They 
also can alone afford us a knowledge 
of the peculiar make and’ tournure 
which the bones of this extraordinary 
animal possess, and which no descrip- 
tion or pencil, however guided, could 
fully give. 

The following is a brief outline of 
some of the circumstances of his life, 
and an enumeration of his brilliant 
exploits. 

He was foaled in Sussex, in the stud 
ef the Duke of Cumberland, our late 
revered king’s uncle, and the hero of 
Culloden; his sire was Marsk, his 
grandsire Squirt ; his great grandsire 
Bartlett’s Childers, which was {full 
brother* to Flying Childers of Devon- 
shire, supposed to have been the 
fleetest horse, for a moderate weight 
and distance, that ever took the field. 
These Childers breed can be readily 
traced in their descentfrom the Darley 
Arabian, imported into this country 
from Aleppo by this spirited merchant, 
early in the reign of Queen Anne, and 
which came over to England certifi- 
cated with all the ceremony due to the 
very best blood of the Desert. 

On the side of his dam he was de- 
scended of Spiletta, got by Regulus, 
which was the son of the GodoJphin 
Arabian. 

On the death of the Duke of Cum- 
berland, his stud in Sussex was sold 
off; and the Eclipse colt, then a year- 
ling, was purchased by a sporting 
Smithfield salesman, for the sum of 
seventy-five guineas. An incident 
attended his sale which is worth re- 
jating, as his life might have been in 
other hands of perhaps quite another 
description, and with none of that 
splendor which followed him, so much 
depends upon the characters of men as 
well as of the things themselves. Mr. 
Wildman, (for that was the name of 
this Smithfield amateur,) having the 
young colt in view, arrived at the place 
of sale some minutes after the auction 
had commenced, and the Eclipse colt, 
being placed among the early lots, had 
been actually knocked down for se- 
venty guineas, and sold. This spirited 


* By full brother is understood by the 
same mare and horse. 


History of the celebrated Race-horse, Eclipse. 


“whip or spur, or much directing; the ; 


[May 1, 
lover of the sport was not however to 
be daunted by this untoward circum- 
stance from an attempt to gain him ; 
and, referring immediately to his stop- 
watch, of trusty workmanship, he de- 
clared in the face of the company and 
of the auctioneer, that the time the 
bills had stated for the commencement 
of the sale had not then arrived, and 
insisted boldly that every lot should be 
put up again. The auctioneer, well 
knowing the stiffness of his man, and 
unable to disprove the allegation, 
thought proper to comply ; and to save 
the trouble and time of the company, it 
was finally agreed that such lots as he 
required should be put up again; and 
Eclipse was once more put up, and 
a second time knocked down at. the 
sum of seventy-five guineas, being an 
advance of five on his former sale. 

This remarkable horse was also not 
without portentous events on the day 
of his birth, for he was foaled on the 
very day of the great eclipse of the sun, 
on the Ist of April, 1764, and hence 
he very naturally acquired his name, 
which from this accidental cireum- 
stance is now become in our Janguage 
almost synonymous to swiftness and 
speed; as coaches, ships, steam-boats, 
and all other sorts of vehicles, hay- 
ing any distinguishing pretensions to 
velocity, are all now called Eclipses, 
arising out of this casual circumstance. 

After the peried of his sale, he was 
kept chiefly in the neighbourhood of 
Epsom ; and, from some cause or other 
not now exactly known, was not 
brought into public notice till he had 
attained his fifth year, which, no 
question, was attended with many 
advantages to his general strength and 
the state of his feet; and, for the first 
time, he was started on the scented 
turf of Epsom Downs, on May 3, 
1769: he was matched against some 
reputed clever horses ; Gower, Chance, 
Trial, and Plume, were his opponents ; 
and he distanced them every one, win- 
ning for his owner a considerable sum 
of money. John Oakley had the ho- 
nour of riding him on this occasion, 
and in general or perhaps always after- 
wards, and to whom it is said this 
generous animal was much attached ; 
but, although this jockey was deemed a 
skilful and powerful man, yet thisbrave 
animal did not require, they tell us, 
much of the aids of jockeyship, or | 
would permit in any way the.use of the 


sole business of the rider was to a 
is 


1822.] ° 


his seat, and pull in, the rest was done 
by the horse. In a race that was ex- 
pected to besharply contested at York, 
O’Kelly placed several persons across 
the line of the course, beyond the 
coming-in post, in order that, if he 
broke away after winning, he might be 
stopt ; but it was a needless precaution, 
for, after the race was won, he seemed 
to understand it, and readily obeyed 
the rein. : y 

They relate also an anecdote of this 
jockey, John Oakley, and of his horse, 
which we ought not to omit. 1t was 
several years afterwards, and that he 
had done racing, being very decre- 
pid and foundered in his feet, from the 
joint effects of shoeing and of racing. 
It being required that he should be con- 
veyed from Epsom to Canons, in Hert- 
fordshire, the seat of his master O’Kelly, 
a four-wheeled car was made on pur- 
pose for him. In this car rode John 
also, and baited with him at the stop- 
ping places on the road; so that, in 
the words of the poet, he had almost 
become ‘ demi-natured with the brave 
beast.” 

On this occasion at Epsom, they say, 
“he was pulled” the whole of the last 
mile with all the might of his rider, yet 
he distanced the whole, notwithstand- 
ing; since, for certain obvious political 
reasons, it was not desirable to his 
owner his prodigious powers should be 
at once disclosed. 

It was after this race that Capt. 
O‘Kelly purchased the half of him of 
Wildman for the sum of 450 guineas ; 
and, after a subsequent race at Win- 
chester, he purchased the remaining 
half for 110 guimeas; yet, for all this, 
was he the cheapest horse ever sold 
in England, having by his valuable pro- 
perties of one kind or other netted for 
his master the prodigious sum, it is 
said, of 30,0001. 

Among other bets on this race, one 
was made which was rather singular, 
by Dennis O'Kelly himself, “That he 
would undertake to place the horses ;” 
after the bet was made, he was called 
upon to declare, and he said, “ Eclipse 
first, the rest no where ;’ which was 
true, in a sporting sense, for a horse 
distanced might be said to be no where, 
or in no place.* 

His next race was on Ascot Heath, 

* His being backed four to one at starting 
in this race, for his superiority, though en- 
deayoured to be concealed, had got abroad 
amons the turf people, and the manner 

Moniuziy Mac. No. 367. 


History of the Celebrated Race-Horse Eclipse. 


305 


on May the 29th, of the same year, 
1769, where he beat Fettyplace’s Créme 
de Barbade. 'The betting here was 
eight to one on Eclipse, and, though 
only five, he carried away the king’s 
plate for the six-years old horses. 

His next contest was at Winchester, 
on June 13th following, of the particu- 
lars of which nothing more is known 
than his beating Turner’s Slouch, who 
had won the king’s plate at Guildford 
just before: ten to one was betted on 
Eclipse after the firstheat. He carried 


away also the 50/. purse, beating the 


Duke of Grafton’s Chigger, Goit’s 
Julia, O'Kelly’s Calliban, and Bailey’s 
Clanville. On the 15th he walked over 
the course at the same place, for 50/., 
weight for age. 

At Salisbury, June 28th, no horse 
meeting him, he walked over the course 
for the king’s plate for six years old, 
carrying twelye stone; and the next 
day he won the city silver bowl, with 
thirty guineas added, for any horse car- 
rying ten stone, beating Fettyplace’s 
Sulphur, and Taylor’s Forrester, dis- 
tancing the first. 

At Canterbury, July 25, he walked 
over for the king’s plate for six years 
old, twelve stone. 

At Lewes, July 27th, he won the 
king’s plate for six years old, beating 
Strode’s Kingston: ten to one on 
Eclipse. 

At Litchfield, September 19, he won 
the king’s plate for five years old, beat- 
ing Freeth’s Tardy by Matchless : 
twenty to one on Eclipse. 

At Newmarket first Spring meeting, 
(Tuesday, April 17th, 1770,) Eclipse 


this happened has been related as follows. 
Some persons engaged in the fancy were 
dispatched from London for the purpose of 
taking a sly peep at a privatetrial that was 
to be made between Eclipse and some 
other horses before his starting for the race; 
but they arrived too late, for it was just 
over; but an old woman, as it happened, 
was found near the spot toddling along, and 
of her they enqnired if she had seen any 
thing of the trial: she told them, she did 
not much understand what they meant; 
but, if it was the two horses they were 
talking about that were running, she could 
tell them that white legs was a long way 
first, and that tother, she was sure, run as 
fast as he could, would never overtake 
him. This was sufficient; they returned to 
town, and the owner was surprised, on his 
arrival, to find the betting so high in his fa- 
vour; he however took the odds, and won 


nich money. 
2Q beat 


806: 
beat Bucephalus, got by Regulus, of his 
own lineage on the dam side; this was 
run foronthe Beacon Course. Wildman 
staked 600 to 400 guineas on this race, 
six to four on Eelipse. 

On Thursday, April 19th, he won the 
king’s plate for twelve stone, beating 
Strode’s Pensioner, Fenwick’s Diana, 
and the Duke of Grafton’s Chigger, 
Pensioner being distanced at starting : 
ten to one on Eclipse. 

At the close of this year no horse 

would start against him, aud he received 
the forfeit of 600 guincas at New- 
market, the king’s 100 guineas at Guild- 
ford, the king’s 100 guineas at Notting- 
ham, and 319/. 10s. beside. 
. At Yorkshire racesin this year, 1770, 
two horses were brought against him, 
Tortoise’ and Bellario, bred by the 
noted Sir Charles Bunbury. Eclipse 
was more than a distance at the end of 
two miles, and won the race with the 
utmost ease. 

At Lincoln he carried away 150 
guineas, and again at Newmarket 100 
guineas. 4 

Eleven king’s plates, in all, were won 
by Eclipse; and the weight he carried 
was twelve stone, except for one, which 
was ten stone. E 

His colour was a light chesnut, or 
gorrel-chesnut, the off hind leg white 
from neat the top of the shank to the 
foot, a white blaze also from his fore- 
head to his nose. His exact height has 
no where been stated that I have seen; 
but, those who have seen him living, 
guessed his height to have been fifteen 
hands and a half. The best portrait of 
him is done by the masterly hand of 
Stubbs, to whose extraordinary merits 
and undeserved neglect we have to bear 
a sad testimony. 

This famous horse was not only the 
best that ever this country saw as a 
racer, but he was no less so as a stal- 
lion, for his progeny, by their feats upon 
the course, won 344 races, producing to 
their owners the extraordinary sum of 
one hundred and fifty-eight thousand 
pounds, various smaller sums and for- 
feits not included. 

His exact speedwas never known, as 
no horse could be found to call forth 
his extreme pace. His collateral an- 
eestor, Flying Childers, was supposed 
to have done a mile in a minute; if 
this be admitted, and it were possible he 
could continue such a pace without in- 
termission, he would, in eight days and 
nights, measure the belt and circuin- 


On Church Briefs. 


{ May }, 


ference of the whole earth, and arrive 
at his stable again, if no. obstacle op- 
posed him, before the hinthnight). The 
circumference of the! globe, from the 
most eorrect ‘computation, is stated at 
24,855 miles. 

If we examine his make jin the por- 
trait, as well as in theskeleton, the most 
marked difference is in_ his! eroup, 
which stands particularly high, ewing 
to the length of his hind limbs; and his 
thigh bones are, for a blood-horseyof an 
enormous size, which, if provided with 
proportionate muscle and energy, must 
give him great superiority: It »was also 
remarked in his gallop, that‘his*hind 
legs were very wide and separated ; the 
width of the haunch bones and pelvis, 
which also partook of this increased 
volume, would account sufficiently for 
this appearance, the hind’ legs being 
parallel columns from the hauneh, and 
not approaching upwards, as do the fore 
limbs. rat 

His fore feet were dropped in the 
hoofs and foundered, and his coffin bones 
were very much rounded and diminish- 
ed by absorption from undue pressure 
upon. the sole. He was thick winded, 
probably from some error or exposure 
in his bringing up. He died at Canons 
on the 28th of February, 1789, of the 
gripes, at the age of twenty-five years ; 
and cakes and ale were given at the fu- 
neral of his flesh, after the manner ofthe 
Godolphin Arabian; for his skin was 
preserved, and his bones were nicely 
cleared of every covering but the liga- 
ments that held them together, by the 
masterly hand.of Sainbel, the first pro- 
fessor of the Veterinary College, and an 
excellent anatomist, as which, ‘more 
than in any thing else, he excelled. 
Sainbel has stated, in his work on 
Eclipse, that his heart weighed fourteen 
pounds,—a remarkable size fora blood 
horse. 

His bones, contained in a case at Mr. 
Bullock’s, are now offered for sale for 
one hundred guineas, Mr. Bulloek 
of the. Eeyptian Hall, Piccadilly, hav- 
ing the disposal of them. 

<< 

To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. 

SIR, ys 
AWL a member of a congregation of 
dissenters in a small country town, 
and of sufficient consequence to receive 
annually a Visit from the apparitor, ‘or 
some other ecclesiastical officer, of the 
diocese. The object ef the visit isto 
hand me a document emblazoned ae 
the 


1822.]° 


ihe king’s arms at the beginning, and 
ending with the pious,ejaculation of 
** God save the king.” 

You willreadily discover this solemn 
document is no other than what is very 
briefly termed, “a brief,’—the object of 
which is to raise a fund for the indem- 
nification of sufferers by fires and other 
casualties. I have now before me a 
register, in which the sums collected on 
these, accounts by this congregation is 
regularly entered from-the year 1707 to 
the présent time. 

_-olL observe, by this register, that our 
predecessors were more liberal on these 
oceasions: than their successors; and, 
if I may judge of the feelings of my 
friends by mine own, I much suspect 
that the small sums we now contribute 
is more from the prevalence of custom 
than any impulse we feel from charita- 
ble consideration. Neither is this to be 
marvelled at, when we consider the 
different circumstances in which our 
predecessors and ourselves are placed. 
At the early date L have alluded to, I 
conceive the benefit of insurance from 
losses by fire was very limited: if not 
confined to London alane, extending, 
perhaps, only to Bristol and a few other 
populous places; and therefore, as the 
benefits to be derived from these useful 
establishments were scarcely attainable 
by the far greater part of the nation, 
when individualssustained heavy losses 
by fire, as they had no opportunity by 
prudential means to secure themselves, 
it was very natural to apply to the be- 
nevolence of the community at large, 
especially when sanctioned by the an- 
ihority of the state, to alleviate their 
sufferings and rescue themselves and 
familics from ruin. {But the case is now 
very materially altered. Insurance- 
offices are so abundantly increased, that 
the protection they offer extends to 
every town and parish in the kingdom; 
so that every man, who has an hundred 
pounds worth of property ‘subject to 
the devastation of the devouring ele- 
ment of fir¢, may, at a moderate annual 
expence, obtain security against its ra- 
vages. It therefore scems needless, 
and worse than needless, for any who 
are deprived of their property by this 
means, to levy a tax on the benevolence 
of others for restitution. Ample seen- 
rity ,is offered, and may be obtained 
with facility; and such persons, who, 
cither from carelessness or carefulness, 
will not avail themselves of the offer, 
deserve to abide by the consequences. 
Those who suffer the loss of their pro- 


On Church Briefs. 


307 
perty by means which no humau pru- 
dence can guard against, such as hurri- 
canes, inundations, &c. are objects of 
commiseration and worthy of the aid 
of the benevolent. 

But, after all, I cannot but entertain 
doubts how far this mode of indemnify- 
ing sufferers by fire is effectual. The 
proceedings are so tardy, that it seems 
questionable whether these streams of 
benevolence, which flow in so sluggish 
a manner, and diverge into so many 
little rivulets, ever reach the spot they 
were intended to recover from the 
parching effects of the arid element. I 
have four of these sanctioned applica- 
tions for relief from the effects of fires 
now beforeme. One of them happened 
on the 5th of January, 1819, tbe others 
somewhat more recent. Now it strikes 
me, that the relief intended for a suf- 
ferer three years ago, and which, per- 
haps, will not reach him (if at al!) for 
three years more, will not be likely to 
be of much advantage in repairing his 
losses. It has indeed been insinuated, 
that a practice has prevailed of forming 
of briefs, and that the sufferer receives 
a sum in advance; but, as there is a 
heavy penalty attached to this practice, 
it is not probable that it prevails; so that 
I am really at a'loss to appreciate the 
benefit the suffering party, notwith- 
standing this formal authoritative ap- 
peal to the charitable feelings of the 
“‘king’s loving subjects,” receives. 

It is much to be apprehended that 
the various officers, from the lord chan- 
cellor down to the local receiver, de- 
rive more advantage from the practice 
than the petitioners, and that this reason 


is more operative than the administering 


to the wants of the unfortunate. Other- 
wise, I think the practice would be 
discontinued. _ I do not apprehend that 
the stamp affixed at the head of the 
document is a duty; and, therefore, 
that no advantage arises to the govern- 
ment, but all the emolument attaches 
to the officers of the brief office. . Now, 
were this practice discontinued, | insu- 
rance of property would become more 
general, and a proportionate revenue 
result to the state, as the duty paid on 
policies is frequently more than, the 
premium. And thus, whilst individuals 
were encouraged to secure themselves 
from the losses occasioned by these 
casualties, they would, at the same time, 
be contributing to the exigencies of the 
government, and be rescuing them- 
selves from the pitiful imputation of 
public beggary. 

These 


308 


These remarks do not proceed from 
one in the least concerned with insu- 
rance-oflices, and therefore are. not 
made with a view of promoting that 
kind of interest. Neither does the 
writer wish to dry up one of the least of 
the numerous channels of benevolence, 
for which our nation is so remarkable. 
But, being convinced that the public 
regards this eleemosynary process with 
a distrusiful eye, as being inefficient, as 
well as unnecessary, to the needy ap- 
plicant ; as more calculated to swell the 
fees of office than to repair the ruined 
fortune of the individual; as depriving 
the state of the revenue arising from 
the tax on policies, avd as needlessly 
encouraging a species of pauperism ; he 
wishes to draw the attention of the nu- 
merous readers of so widely extended 
and useful publication to the subject, 
in hopes that some of its ingenious cor+ 
respondents will be disposed to unravel 
the mysteries of the Brief transac- 
tions. Q; 

P.S. Since writing the foregoing I have 
read, in a newspaper, that Lord Kenyon 
has moved in the House of Lords for a 
committee to consider of the present mode 
of collecting church briefs. I hope it will 
be considered whether it be necessary to 
collect them at all in cases of fire. 


= 
To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. 
SIR, 
| | akan premised (Dec, 1820,) 
oJ that the crime of simony is di- 
rectly perverted from its original sense, 
I will now (as no other person has 
taken up the subject,) endeavour to 
show what may more properly be 
called simony. Real simony has in- 
deed completely escaped from the con- 
trol of church and state; yet, while it 
is the interference of common lawyers 
with our spiritual affairs that has pro- 
‘duced the former evil, and the clergy 
‘eonsult their legal advisers in what 
manner they may safely act, and these 
Jaymen are most bold and regardless 
‘of the vulgarities of oaths and feelings 
_of conscience, we cannot find in the 
latter that there is any tie, check, or 
prevention. If a bishop ordain to the 
-holy order of the priesthood through 
favour, interest, or influence, is it not a 
sale of his spiritual power? Simon 
. Magus required ordination for his own 
benefit, and he offered money for the 
gift. Is there any difference between 
_money and money’s worth? They are 
generally considered rogues who en- 
deayour to make a distinction: so 


Mr. Lucas on the Practice of Simony. 


[May 1, 
usurers, who,attempt to escape the act 
upon, the, legal-interestiofi money, sell 
goods to their, deluded «debtors, and | 
purchase the goods again at a lower 
price. 

lyremember, when I was a boy, an cl- 
derly man (of whom it was said that he 
had been all his life a professed infidel) 
had interest enough to obtain ordina- 
tion, because a living came: into’ his 
own gift, and his son was not old 
enough to take it. Soon afterwards, 
an officer in the army.told me, he was 
“a-roing to tum parson, to marry the 
Bishop of C.’s niece, and get valuable 
preferment ;” and he soon was ordained, 
and became possessed of two livings 
and a prebend, by the gift of the Bishop 
of C. These are tales of old times, and 
the exposure of these things has had 
the effect of making them scarcer; yet 
modern tales, not dissimilar, I could 
mention; and still the children’ and 
nephews of bishops are continually in- 
troduced into the church for the sake 
of the emolument: I say, it is proved 
to be for the sake of the emolument, by 
the changing, re-changing, and bar- 
ane and by the pluralities that are 
neaped upon them; and 1 should like 
the government to ascertain. the num- 
ber of sons and nephews now in tho 
church, and their preferments. 

Next to the abolition of pluralitiés, 
(for which I wonder the mass) of ‘the 
clergy do not join in petitioning,) it 
would be an excellent thing ‘for the 
church, if the bishop had no benefice 
in bis gift; then their power of confer- 
ring holy orders might be dispensed 
without this worldly interest, this si- 
moniacal motive. As it is, their bene- 
fices are handed down from father to 
son, like an entailed estate. It would 
be easy for me to illustrate, by exam- 
ples of three or four generations ; but 
I forbear, from individual feeling, though 
I might publish some papers in my pos- 
session, the simoniacal contractor be- 
ing no more. At present there are a 
few things I wish to expose, to prevent 
the unholy practice becoming a. cus- 
tom. Ist. I have known lately,. of 
persons in benefices giving a title for 
orders upon the terms of serving a 
church gratis for acertain time. 2dly- 
Bargaining for children before they 
are of proper age, and. giving ‘a living 
conditionally, to be ina few years repaid 
in kind. 3dly. Resigning a benefice 
at a favourable ‘time for a private 
douceur. sade winnie 

It is a shocking doctrine, that will 
not 


1822] Statistical Account of Sweden and Norway. 309 


not bear the test of reason or con- hereditary or iegitimate right; but it 
science, that the corruptions of the seems to be the fashion of the day. to 
church: or state) are to ‘give a title to make a misapplication or abuse of 
the; possessor of property, equal'to any terms as well as of things. 
———— C. Lucas. 
For the Monthly Magazine. 

ACCOUNT, GEOGRAPHICAL, ECCLESIASTICAL, and MILITARY, of SWEDEN and 
NORWAY, drawn up from the most AUYHENTIC and ACCURATE MATERIALS; by 
LIBUT, 0, J. HAGELSTAM, knight of the ROYAL SWEDISH ORDER of the POLAR 
STAR, 1820. 


[The following was very lately received from Stockholm, and contains the latest and 
most accurate statistic account of that country and its nsurped appendage Norway- 
It is translated from a Swedish map of both countries of 1820,.of which probably no 
other copy exists in England. ] 


SWEDEN. 


Square Inhabitants Militia 
General Divisions of the Kingdom. Swedish Miles} Population in one square and § 
of 10.4 to one in 1815. Swedish Seumen. 


a0; 


 Norrland, orthe Northern Division: 
North Bothnia «...-1.++-...- .. 751. 34,132 
Wester Bothnia+.++++-.--.- abel 668. 34,487 
Wester Norrland «sesseeseesece 917. 66,342 
A Jamtland ..-.+<cscece---ees ate 495, 35,015 


Totals .-cccccess 
xe) 


vealand, or the Middle Division : 


Stockholm, city-++++++e.++++eeee 0.725 72,989 

pat -_-~—, GiStTict’s<ccvecocces 67-38 97,345 
Upsala seee ss. ee Jeweepeccece 46.83 _ 80,099 

Westerds» .vccsvecsesscccescess 61.91 88,814 

Nykoping recor sees se cecoeses 58.08 99,590 

OVC) c doce o Ws c'npeinn cs vice aces 74.27 96,784 

Maristad, «540 cmeesco- es ccecucee 148.7 140,977 

Stora Kopparbergsess.-ceeeseee 288.6 119.648 

S Gefleborg «sscscsesssccccccees 172.5 88,123 
Totals «+eesenecs 719.15 879,369 


20 


Os 
otaland, or the Southern Division : 


LinkOping, district: .........6.4 99. 163,851 
PWaltidt .-vewcdcccceccescecces 98. 140,820 
Jonkoping ree ae ee 95.7 117,562 
Kronoberg ee scccecccccesseees 84,2 91,880 
Blekinge---sccescesssccecceess 26.6 72,967 
Skaraborg Pee wreseercseccense 78. 149,178 
Elfsborg.----- $202 0.c0-e 010+ cess vie 119.6 159,664 
Goteborg and Bohus, district +--+ 42, 125,662 
ASIII vico bs dep ne peop on.) 45. 77,266 
‘Chiristianstad «sseessesseevcves 53.4 196.119 
SIEHIINIOUMIS “rcs sowicicee ac opc¥ oe ye 38.6 165,432 
Gottland Hee see eee eee wweree 97.5 33,380 
vise Totals s+-0s. 0.6 807.8 1,416,721 
Lakes, 


Wentem Wettern Hjelmaren 
gpd Malsnea) saesdcenvtienas 85.2 Tet 
“Totals of Sweden. | 3,671. 2,465,066 83,412 


Besides these divisions, Sweden is also subdivided in this manner :—Ist. 
Norrland contains five districts, viz. Wester Bothnia, Lappland, Anger- 


manland, 


310 Statistical Account of Sweden and Norway. [May I, 


manland, Medelpad, and Jimtland. Sédermanland. 3d. Gotaland ten, viz. 
2d. Svealand contains nine, viz. Hel- Ostergitland, “Smaland, _ Blekinge, 
singeland, Gastrikeland, Herjeadalen, Westér Gotland, Dalsland, Bolmsland, 
Dalarne, Warmland, Uppland, and Halland, Skane, Oland, and Gottland. 


Ecclesiastical Establishment of Sweden. 
1 Archbishopric, and 11 Bishoprics, in all 12 Dioceses; 172 Arch-] , 
deaconries, 1223 Pastoral. Districts, and 2440 Parishes with 
Churches, besides 45 Chapelries. 


Square Parishes with 
Swedish Miles. Churelies 
and Chapels. 
Upsala, archbishopric ++++++ss sees: 294 244. 
Linképing, bishopric-+++++++++-+-+-- 215 
Skara, Dye cece ever eeeeesseecseess 
Strengnd, b. eoesevoevecsresercsees 
Westera, D. ceeccesececsecccceces 
Wexjé, b. see eee epee e ee oeeessenes 
Lund, b. eoeerecerscccscscocccevere 
Goteborg, b. Deco coer aeseetc ass eneoe 
Kalinare, b. sees ceecaeccececcesens 
Car'stad, b. oc ccccccresccccces 
Hernosand, b. ----+--- cer eceweeeee 
Wisby, b. Seer ree eee eee) 


Total of Sweden - 


NORWAY. 
Square i Inhabitants 
Amts, or General Divisions. Swedish Miles, a in one square 
5 10.4 = | degree, Mile, 
Nordland : 
Finmarken’s Amt ---+++eeeserscrcees 606.2 43,650 
Nordiand’s ditto «+... csesvvecccoses 358.3 24.7 04 
Totals --.++-sececeee 964.5 68,354 
Nordenfjeld’s : 
Nordre Trondheim’s Amt «+-++-++e+« 195.5 44,196 
Sondre ditto dittoss....ceseeteecees 159.5 61,428 
Romsdal’s ditto .+++++seeeesecveccee 140.6 56,684 
WNordre Bergenhuus ++++-se+-+++eeeee 165.0 55,826 
Sondre ditto, with the barony of Ro-) 
Sendalll «+ +eeeereesseevecccceece § 155.0 81,865 
Totals .-sccccsscecve 299,999 
Sondenfjelds : 
Aggershuus Amt .s++.veeceewrerecee 64,871 
Smaalehnene’s ditto +--+ .+--ee-cee.s 47,189 
Hedemarken’s ditto s++seeeseree--es 59,892 
Christian’s ditto+.++.-.+. yeaa ey 68,845 
Buskerud’s ditto «+reeencceccess-ee 57,905 
Bradsberg’s ditto ++ ++.seeeccecseece 49,044 
Nedenoe’s ditto+++e..sseececcsccoss _ $6,385 
Mandal’s ditto sssesccecesceaceeees 44.540 
Stavanger’s ditto +++esessgeeeceacss 47,323 
Jarlsberg’s Earldom +++++eseceee.ees 97,530 
Laurvig’s Gitto «+ ssveseeeeevevenees 14,593 
Totals <scesecssecous 518,117 
Total of Norway.+eressesees 886,470 
Diito of Sweden «+ +r.+. ses 2,465,066 
General Total Pe phtn es aracais 3,351,556 


Ecclesiastical 


1822.) 


Statistical Account of Sweden and Norway. 


31l 


Ecclesiastical Establishment of Norway. 


_ 5 Bishopries, 51;Archdeaconries, 353 Pastoral Districts, 835. Parishes, 


Bishoprics, with, the Amts or Cantons coutained . 


in eache 


AGGERsHUUs, Bishopric : 


Square 
Swedish 
Miles. 


Parishes. | Inhabitants. 


— 


omprehending the whole cantons of Aggershnus, 
Smaalelmene, Hedemarken, Christiana, and 


Baskerud ; towether with the south-east half of 


372,369 


Bradsberg canton, and both Earldoms (Jarls- 


berg and Lanrvig): + 
CHRISTIANSAND, Bishopric : 


North-west half of Bradsberg canton, the whole 


of Nedenes, Mandel, and | Stavanger cantons, 
together with the parish of Roldahl, in the 


145,748 


canton of Séndre Bergenhuus «+++++++++e+-- 


BERGEN, Bishopric 3 


Half of Romsdale, and the whole of North and 


South Bergenhuus amt or canton, excepting 
the before-mentioned parish of Roldahl...- ++ 


TrRonpDHeEiM, Bishopric: 


he whole of North and South Trondheim, with 
the hair of Romsdale+ceeedccsececscececess 


NORDLAND, Bishopric : 


The whele of Finmark, and the whole of Nord- 


land canton 


weeoet tt teree 


Total of Norway.++: oobeoces 


B¢ 356. 159,978 


456.4 140,021 


i 964.5 68,354 


886,470 


2,828.8 


Sea Service. 


Seamen. 
Gun- 


mers T National. 
8,444 
93,493 


Foreign. 


13,035 


Sweden coos 
None. 


‘Norway--- 


2,260 
109 
Totals- «| »2,369} 31,957 | 13,035 
ILL EE LI PIE ELIS ODI EEE ELC EE 


The highest mountain in Norway, 
and indeed in the north of Europe, is 
Snochecttan, in the range of Dovre- 
field, in N. lat. 62° 20', which rises to 
8,337 Swedish fect, or 8,127 English 
feet aboye the sea. The line of perpe- 
fual snow in that latitude rises. to 
5,300 feet, or an English mile, above 
‘the sea, At the North Cape, in lat. 
71° 10’, it rises only to 3,600 feet. 

The Swedish mile. contains 18,000 
Swedish ells; but the Norwegian mile, 


Land Service of Sweden and Norway. 


eetets hy tS ee ee a a or inanlhin Miron Cie ee 
Artillery. Cavalry. Totals, 
se a Foreign, 
‘Sweden Se 2,400 96 guns. 4,580 | 96,001 221 83,363 116,569 
Nor way: 1,288 48 guns. 1, 070 9642 10,000 22,000 
3,686 144 guns. 5,650 35,863 93,368 138,569 


containing 18,000 Norwegian ells, con- 
tains 19,027£ Swedish ells. The geo- 
graphic mile, sixty to one degree, 
contains 3,2144 Swedish ells, and the 
English statute mile, 2,713 of the same 
ells. 
If the Parisian standard foot be 
divided into.144 equal parts, the Nor- 
wegian foot will contain 1394, the 
English foot 135, and the Swedish 1312 
of the same parts, 


—— 
To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. 


SIR, 
HATEV ER difference may exist 
in the opinions of politicians on 
other subjects, 1 think all are agreed 
that the more immediate cause of the 
distress, which is so general in this 
country, is the want of employment for 
the labouring (or, if you please, I will 
call them the useful,) part of the com- 
munity. Some of your correspondents 
haye 


$12 


have thrown out hints for the employ- 
ments of useful men; but I think none 
of them have taken any notice of cer- 
tain taxes, which appear to me to have 
a strong tendency to prevent great 
numbers from being employed. The 
taxes to which I allude are THE 
ASSESSED TAXES, several of which ope- 
rate powerfully against labour. The 
tax on wheel-carriages, for instance, 
has a great influence that way: were 
it not for this tax, there would, I doubt 
not, be four times the number used. _ 

The same reasoning will apply to the 
tax on horses, men-servants, shopmen, 
waiters, gardeners, and the like. But 
the tax which I consider as pre-emi- 
nently mischievous, vexatious, oppres- 
sive,-and impolitic, is the window-tax. 
To point out all the evils attendant on 
this tax, would take up too much space 
in your valuable miscellany; permit 
me to state some of them. This tax 
prevents persons from building their 
houses so large and convenient as they 
otherwise would do. There are many 
thousands who confine themselves to 
six windows, who, were it not for the 
tax, would have at least twice that 
number ; and there are few cases where 
the window-tax does not interfere with 
the architect when planning houses 
for useful people. I am firmly per- 
suaded, that, if the window-tax were 
taken off, the number of windows would 
be encreased one-fourth, or perhaps 
one-third ; houses in general would be 
built Jarger and more commodious,— 
thereby creating empioyment for thou- 
sands of masons, bricklayers, carpen- 
ters, glaziers, painters, smiths, and 
Iabourers of every description ; and, as 
houses would appear more respectable 
without, they would also require more 
furniture within. Only think how 
many different trades are necessary to 
the furnishing of one room; multiply 
that by many thousands, and see the 
result. Take off this tax, and an in- 
creased demand will take place for all 
kind of building materials; and, as 
most of those materials are taxed, an 
increase of revenuc on them would be 
the natural consequence. 

Another serious evil which attends 
the window-tax is, that it is injurious 
to health; many thousands of lodging- 
rooms are wholly without windows, 
and, consequently, without a free cir- 
eulation of air: hence the souree of 
some diseases, and the long contina- 
ance of others. Another evil atiached 


On the Assessed Taxes.—Saxon Language. 


[May Ty 


to this tax is its unpopularity: of all 
the taxes on our list, (and it is a pretty 
long one,) there is not one so unpo- 
pular as this; to make us pay for the 
light ot Heaven is a stretch of power 
which makes the government appear 
odious and tyrannical to the eyes of 
many ; and the number of surcharges 
that attend this, and the assessed taxes 
in general, are not calculated to allay 


discontent. B. 
Jan. 22, 1822. 
—< 
To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. 


SIR, 

N answer to the enquiry of J. in 

your Number for January, p. 511, 
relative to the method of studying 
Anglo-Saxon, you will perhaps insert 
the following remarks, by one who has 
derived much pleasure and satisfaction 
from the study of that language. He 
perfectly agrees with the opinion of 
your correspondent, that the majority 
of English words are of Saxon origin. 
Tu the Lord’s Prayer, containing fitty- 
eight words, there are cnly three 
which are not immediately derived 
from the Anglo-Saxon. 

The following opinion of Sir H. 
Spelman also deserves our particular 
notice :—“ Si quis vellet verborum et 
locutionum, quas quotidie usurpamus, _ 
rationes et proprietates intelligere, ad 
Saxonicas origines necessario recurren- 
dum esset.” ‘The truth of this remark 
might be proved by many ‘instances: 
one or two may suffice. We compare 
our adjectives by annexing the sylla- 
bles ev and est to the positive state, or 
by prefixing more or most. 

From the Saxon A, time, duration, 
always, aye, is formed the comparative 
An, en, or en, before; and the super- 
lative apt, xy, or ey, first. These 
words originally referred only to time ; 
but by easy gradations they came: to 
signify before and first in point of gua- 
lity. Hence the Anglo-Saxons some- 
times wrote, like the modern English, 

Pr Pp'r-en pir-ere 
wise, wis-er, wis-est. 

More and most are also irom the 
Saxon :— 

WDope 2 more |mze-ne 2 mo-eft 
Wo ¢muen}mo-en § mo-fTt 

See Diversions ef Purley, vol.i p. 503. 

Our eminent philologist, Horne 
Tooke, has with great truth observed, 
“There is no such thing as capricious 
irregularity in language:” “What we 

now 


more 


most, 


1822.] 


now call anomalics were with the 
Saxons, in the earliest times, perfectly 


regular. They had— 
Bez | bet-en, or ee | bet-epza, or eps 
Well} —_ better, best. 


Most of the irregularities in the Eng- 
lish, would be satisfactorily explained 
by referring to theAnglo-Saxon original. 

Those who wish to pursue this en- 
guiry, and to know the real use of 
Anglo-Saxon literature, are referred to 
Hi. Tocke’s “‘Egwex wrepoevsa,” to Mr. 
S. Turner’s valuable History of the 
Anglo-Saxons, and Mr. Ingram’s Lee- 
ture on “the Utility of Anglo-Saxon 
Literature.” 

In answer to J.’s question, it may be 
observed, that the best Anglo-Saxon 
Grammar is Hicke’s 'Thesaurus, 3 vols. 
fol. which sells from ten to eighteen gui- 
neas; and the best Dictionary is Lye’s, 
2 vols. folio, from six to nine guineas: 
Gibson’s Saxon Chronicle, from one to 
three guineas ; or Thwaites’ Hepta- 
tench, from twenty to thirty shillings, 
might serve for reading. 

If the student cannot well afford 
these books, he may procure Thwaites’ 
Saxon Grammar. ‘Though compiled 
by Mr. Thwaites, his name does not 
appear. .in the title, which runs— 
“-Grammatica Anglo-Saxonica ex 
Hickesiano linguarum_ Septentrion. 
Thes, Excerpta, Oxonia, 1711.” It is 
only forty-eight pages, in 8vo. but con- 
tains all that is absolutely necessary in 
a Grammar; it sclls at from fourteen to 
twenty-four shillings. Somner’s Saxon 
Dictionary, 1 vol. folio, from five to 
seven guineas, is very valuable, as 
containing many English derivatives ; 
or Benson’s Vocabulary, from twenty 
to thirty shillings, might answer the 
purpose. 

The preceding are all in Latin; 
should the student be ignorant of that 
language, he may procure Mrs. Elstob’s 
“ Rudiments of the English-Saxon 
Grammar,” from ten to twenty sbil- 
lings, and read with it the Saxon ex- 
tracts, interlined with English, in 
Henshall’s “Saxon and English Lan- 
guages illustrative of each other,” from 
five to seven shillings. 

There is, however, no proper and 
easy introduction to the language ; but, 
as Saxon literature has becn revived 
by the unwearied exertions of Mr, 
Turner, the learned historian, we may 
soon expect some introductory works 
on the Jangnage, In the Gentleman’s 
megane for September or October, 

ONTHLY Maa, No. 367, ; 


On the Saxon Language. 


813 


I saw a prospectus of a Saxon Gram- 
mar in English, by the Rev. J. Bos- 
worth, vicar of Little Horwood, Bucks, 
This work is to have a praxis on the 
language, and critical notes from 
Tooke, Turner, &c. on the formation 
of the Saxon and English Languages, 
It appears also, from the prospectus, 
that the same gentleman is preparing a 
Saxon and English Dictionary. The 
Rey.J.Ingram, rectorof'Grey’s, Henley- 
on-Thames, and author of “Lectures on 
the Utility of Anglo-Saxon Literature,” 
has announced an English translation 
of the Saxon Chronicle. ‘The publica- 
tion of these works is expected every 
month. I am also informed that the 
Rev. J. J. Conybear, of Bath Easton, 
near Bath, has in the press Anglo- 
Saxon Poems; and T. W. Kaye, esq. 
barrister-at-law, Middle Temple, is 
also preparing an English translation 
of the Anglo-Saxon Laws. These 
works, being in English, will very much 
facilitate the acquisition of the Saxon 
language, as it has so great a similarity 
to the English, while it has scarcely 
any resemblance to the Latin language, 
through the medium of which it has 
hitherto been acquired. 
PHILO-SAXONIcUS, 
—a— 


NEWS FROM PARNASSUS. 


NO. XVII. 


SPECIMENS of the AMERICAN POETS. 

pe E poetical attempts of the Ame- 
ricans have hitherto been known 

to us only by their failure, and by the 
severity with which our critics have 
attacked them, and, it must be allowed, 
not without reason, whenever they 
found a sufficient opportunity.. Under 
all this weight of discouragement, that 
great nation has been as active in im- 
proving her talents and refining her 
taste, as im advancing her political 
prosperity ; and she may now boast of 
possessing bards, whom she may pre- 
sent with pride and confidence to their 
rivals on this side the Atlantic. We 
are enabled to take a general view of 
their merits by the publication of an 
interesting volume, which has just 
issued from the press, under the title 
of “ Specimens of the American Poets.” 
From a work of this nature, comprising, 
as it must do, only the most select por- 
tions of different authors, we cannot, it 
is true, decide upon the mass of na- 
tional literature from which it has been 
drawn; We are presented with beauties 
which have, perhaps, been laboriously 
2h sought 


314 


sought for, and every deformity is as 
carefully concealed. But we may 
safely pronounce, that the mihe from 
which so many beautiful and valuable 
materials have been’ drawn, must be 
intrinsically rich ; and we feel indebted 
to the hand which has undertaken to 
collect its scattered produce, and place 
it before our eyes in the most advan- 
tageous light. 

In point of literary dependence, 
America seems to be still a British 
colony, and to draw her supplies, in a 
great degree, from the mother country. 
She has not yet thrown off tho yoko of 
criticism; but, on the contrary, hum- 
bles herself under it, even to the dis- 
couragement of her native genius. It 
is unfashionable to find any merit in 
her homebred aspirants; and a fine 
taste can only be demonstrated by an 
exclusive preference of Enelish talent. 
In the relative state of English and 
American letters this is certainly a 
natural inclination; but, as far as re- 
gards the English reader, it has an 
unfortunate tendency. To him the 
imitation of English style and senti- 
ment, to which it inevitably leads, is 
vapid and uninteresting; and he asks 
for those demonstrations of national 
spirit and character, which would be 
regarded by the transatlantic critic 
with indifference or contempt. One 
original note is worth all the warblings 
of the Mocking-Bird, to ears which 
have been long familiar with his bor- 
rowed tunes. 

In the immediate extracts which 
we proceed to give from the Airs of 
Palestine, by Mr. Pierpont, we find a 
very florid and ornamental style, vary- 
ing from the old school of poetry only 
iD some occasional flourishes, which 
cannot be considered as an improve- 
ment. The composition might pass it 
off very well for an English University 
prize pocm. Mr. Pierpont exalts the 
powers of music, and thus, in one in- 
stance, exemplifies its effects :— 


‘While thus the enthusiast roams along the stream, 

Balane?d between a reverie and a dream, 

res et pe springs, and, through his bounding 

leart, 

The cold and curdling poison seems to dart; 

For in the leaves, beneath a quivering brake, 

Spinning his death-note, lies a coiling snake, 

Just in the act, with greenly-venom’d fangs, 

To strike the foot, that heedless o’er him hangs; 

Bloated with rage, on spiral folds he rides 

His rongh scales shiver on his spreading sides; 

Dusky and dim his glossy neck becomes, 

And freezing poisons thicken on his gums; 

His parch?d and hissing throat breathes hot and dry, 

A spark of hell lies barning in his eye; 

While like a vapour, o’er his writhing rings, 

Whirls his light tail, and threatens while it sings, 
Soon as dumb fear removes her‘cy fingers, 

From off the heart, where gazing wonder lingers, 


News'from Parnassus—No. XVII. 


[May T, 


The pilgrim, shrinking from a doubfful fight, 
Aware of danger, too, in sudden flight, 

From his soft Aute throws niusic’s air around, 
And meets his foe upon enchanted g10und : 

See! as the plaintive melody is flung, 

The lightning-flash fades on the serpent?s tongue ; 
The uncojling reptile o’er each shining fold, 
Throws changeful clouds of azure, green; and gold; 
A softer lustre twinkles in lis eye; Poy 

His neck is burnish’d with a glossier dye, 

His slippery scales grow smoother to the sight, 
And his relaxing circles roll in lights.4,,. 
Slowly the charm retires: with waving sides, 
Along its track the graceful listener glides; 

While Music throws her silver cloud around, 

And bears her votary off in magic folds of sound. 


There is much smoothness and har- 
mony in these verses. Some passages 
remind us: strongly of -the «Botanic 
Garden. Mr. Pierpont, indeed, seems 
to incline quite as much to Darwin’ as 
to Pope, in whose school the editor 
ranks him. ; 

With one further extract we shall 
dismiss this portion of the volume; and 
certainly not without praise, if the. ad- 
mission may be tendered as praiso of 
an American poem, that it might pass 
undetected for good English currency. 

In the succeeding lines, Mr. Pier- 
pont rises to the height of his argu- 
ment, and acquits himself very. ere- 
ditably :— 

In what rich harmony, what polish’d lays, 

Should man address Thy throne, when Nature pays 
Her wild, her tuneful tribute to the sky! f 
Yes, Lord, she sings thee, but she knows not. why. 
The fountain’s gush, the long resounding shore, 
The zephyr’s whisper, and the tempest’s: roar, 

The rustling leaf in autumn’s fading woods,’ t 
The wintry storm, the rush of vernal floods, 

The summer bower, by cooling breezes fann’d, 
The torrent’s fall, by dancing rainbows spanid, 
The streamlet, gurgling thro’ its rocky glen, 

The long grass sighing o’er the grares of men, 


The bird that crests a dew-bespangled VEO, | 
Shakes his bright plumes, and trills his. descant 


free 
The scorching bolt, that from thine armoury hurl’d, 
Burus its red path, and cleaves a shrinking world; 
All these are music to Religion’s ear. 
Music, thy hand awakes, for man to hear,— 
Thy hand invested in their azure robes, 
Thy breath made buoyant yonder circling globes, 
That bound and blaze along the elastic wires, 
That viewless vibrate on celestial lyres, 
Andin that high and radiant concave tremble, 
Beneath whose dome adoring hosts assemble, 
To catch the notes from those bright spheres that 


flow. 
Which mortals dream of, but which angels know. 


The extracts with which the- editor 
next presents us, are from the poem of 
“the Back Woodsman,” by Mr. Paul- 
ding, for a full account of which we 
refer the reader to our Number for 
October last. Enough is conveyed by 
the very title and subject of this work, 
to convince us that the author is not 
one who will confine himself to. the 
ancient common forms of European 
versification ; and we therefore gladly 
follow him into the woods of the west, 
in the hope of being conducted through 
their mighty labyrinths by the hand of 
a spirited and original guide. This 

expectation 


1$22.] 
expectation will not be disappointed : 
Mr. Paulding’s work is, at all events, 
characteristic of his country. There 
is in it a robust energy, which sustains 
it under many defects. Like a strong 
traveller, the poet walks manfully on 
his way, little solicitous about the ele- 
gance of his motions. As an appro- 
priate subject for the exercise of his 
powers, we shall select his description 
of atempest; and we shall subjoin some 
other lines, none of which were quoted 
in our article above alluded to: 


A distant, halfheard murmur canght the ear, 

Exch moment waxing louder, and more near; 

A dark obscurity spread all around, 

And more than twilight seem’d to yell the ground, 

While not a leaf e’en of the aspen stirr’d, 

And not a sound, but that low moan, was heard; 

There is a moment when the boldest heart, 

That would not stoop an inchito ’scape Death’s dart, 

That never shrunk from certain danger here, 

Will quail and shiver with an aguish fear ; 

?Tis when some unknown mischief hovers nigh, 

4nd Heavy’n itself seems threatning from on high. 
Brave was our Basil, as became a man, 

Yet still his blood a little cooler ran, 

*Twixt fear and wonder, at that murmur drear, 

That every moment wax’d more loud and near. 

The riddle soon was rend—at last it came, 

And Nature trembled to her inmost frame; 

The forest roar’d, the everlasting oak 

in writhing agonies the storm bespoke, 

The live leaves, scatter’d wildiy every where 

Whirl’d round in madd’ning circles in the alr, 

The stoutest limbs were scatter’d all around, 

The stoutest trees a stouter master found, 

Crackling and crashing, down they thund’ring go, 

And seein to crush the shrinking rocks below; 

Then the thick rain in gatbering torrents pow’d, 

Higher the river rose, and louder roar’d, 

And on its dark, nick eddying surface bore 

The gatherd spoils of earth along its shore, 

While trees that not an hour before had stood 

The lofty monarchs of the stately wood, 

Now whirling round and round with furious force, 

Dash ’gainst the rocks that break the torrent’s force, 

And shiver like a reed by urchin broke 

Finan idle mischief, or with heedless stroke ; 

A hundred cataracts, unknown befére, 

lish down the mountain’s side with fearful roar, 

And, as with foaming fury down they go, 

Loose the firm rocks, and thunder them below, 

Live lightnings from the dark ¢loud’s bosom 

sprang, 

Like serpents menacing with forked tongue, 

While many a sturdy oak that stifly brav’d 

The threaVning hurricane that round it rav’d, 

Shiver’d beneath its bright resistless flash, 

Came tumbling down amain with fearful crash. 

Air, earth, and skies, seeni’d now to try their power, 

And struggle for the mastery of the hour; 

Higher the waters rose, and blacker still 

And threaten’d soon the narrow vale to fill. 


As a contrast to this picture, we 
shall give a sketch of a difforent scene, 
which will be sufficient to convey an 
idea of My. Paulding’s merit. His 
poetry is’ consistent with the rest of his 
character, which siands high for abi- 
lity. | This is the'extent of {he praise 
we ean bestow upon him; and we are 
disposed to think that his poetical fa- 
culties are not tliose of which he has 
most reason to be proud :— 


*T was evening now,—the hony of téil was o'er, 
Yet still they durst notyscek the fearful shore, 
Lest watchful Indian crew should silent creep, 
Atid spring upon, and wurde them in sleep 5 
Soithro\ the By choi bt they held their way, 
Aud’twas a puiglt mizht shame the fiireM day,~ 


On the American Poeis. 


315 
So still, so bright, so tranquil was its reign, 
They car’d not tho’ the day ne'er came again ; 
The moon high wheel’d the distant hills above, 
Silver’d the fleecy foliage of the grove, 
That as the wooing zephyrs on it fell, 
Whisper’d it loy’d the gentle visit well ; 
That fair-fae’d ord alone to move appeur’d, 
That zephyr was the only sound they heurds 
No grep mente a hound the hunter’s haunt 
tray 
No lights upon the shore, or waters play’d, 
No loud laugh broke upon the silent air, 
To tell the wand’rers man was nestling there; 
While even the froward babe in mother’s arms, 
Lull’d by the scene, suppress’d its loud alarms, 
And, yielding to that moment’s tranquil sway, 
Sunk on the breast, and slept its rage away. 
All, al] was still, on gliding barque and shere, 
As if the earth now slept to wake no more; 
Life seem’d extinct, as when the world first smii’d, 
Ere Adaia was a dupe, or Eve beguil’d. 

A light satirical poem follows, writ- 
ten in the manner of Don Juan, and 
not without effect, entitled “ anny.” 
It is published anonymously; a pre- 
caution for which the writer might 
have his private reasons within the 
walls of New York; and, indeed, we 
do not know that his naine would have 
been a very powerful accessory, if it 
made no stronger an impression on 
English cars than those ef Dabney, 
Maxwell, Bryant, and Eastburn, to 
whose muscs we are next introduced. 
Yet are all these gentlemen respect- 
able practitioners in different. depart- 
ments of their art. Mr. Dabney’s 
peculiar vocation appears to be to the 
inditing of western battle songs, in 
which he certainly displays consider- 
ablo vigour; but, unquestionably, 
more in the style of an Indian chicf 
giving the war whoop, than of Tyrtzeus 
of old, or of our own Campbell. The 
genius of Mr. Maxwell is of a more 
classical turn, and adopts, for the most 
part, light and epigrammatic subjects. 
Mr. Eastburn’s work is an imitation 
of Scott’s poems. It is called “ Ya- 
moyden, a Tale of the Wars of King 
Philip ;’ by which latter appellation 
our readers must apprehend not the 
object of their juvenile studies, in the 
history of Greece, but an unfortunate 
North-American chieftain, whose. ex- 
ploits and catastrophe are highly ro- 
mantic end interesting... Of ,.Mr. 
Bryant it stili remains to speak, and 
we have no hesitation in assigning) to 
him the superiority over all his coun- 
trymen of whom we have any know- 
ledge. His poetry, according to the 
subject, is full of energy and swect- 


be- 


ness. From the picces called, “'The 
Ages,” and ‘‘Thanatopsis,” we could 


select many proofs of the former qua- 
Lty, bat we prefer extracting a short 
poem, executed with a great degree of 
grace and facility, and abounding with 

; beautiful 


316 


beautiful imagery, the perusal of which 
will, we think, justify all that we have 
said in Mr. Bryant’s favour :— 
The Green River: 

When breezes are soft and skies. are fair, 
I steal an hour from study and care, 
And hie me away to the woodland scene, 
Where wanders the stream with waters of green, 
As if the bright friage of herbs‘on its brin 
Had given their tinge to the wave they drink; 
And they, whose meadows it murmurs through, 
Have nam’d the stream from its own fair hue, 

Yet pure its waters, its shallows are bright, 
With colour’d pebhles, and sparkles of ligut; 
And clear the depths where the eddies play, 
And dimples deepen and whirl away; 
And the plane-tree’s speckled arms.o’ershoot 
The swifter current that mines its root; 4 
Thro’ whose shifting leaves, as you walk the hill, 
The quivering glimmer of sun and rill, 
With a sudden flash on the eye is thrown, 
Like the ray that streams from the diamond stone. 
Oh! loveliest there the spring days come, 
With blossoms, and birds, and wild bees’ hum ; 
The flowers of summer are fairest there, 
And freshest the breath of the summer air, 
And the swimmer comes, in the season of heat, 
To bathe in these waters so pure and sweet. 

Yet, fair as thon art, thou shunnest to glide, 
Beautiful stream! by the village side, 
But windest away from the haunts of men, 
To silent valley and shaded glen; 
And forest and meadow, and slope of hill, 
Around thee, are lonely, lovely, and still; 
Lonely—save when, by thy rippling tides, 
From thicket to thicket the angler glides ; 
Or the simpler comes, with basket and book, 
For herbs of poyer on thy bank to look; 
Or huply some idle dreamer like me, 
To. wander, and muse, and gaze on thee, 
Still—save the chirp of birds that feed 
On the river-cherry and seedy reed, 
And thy own wild music, gushing out 
With mellow murmur, or fairy shout, 
From dawn to the blush of another day, 
Like trayeller singing along his way,— 
That fairy music | never hear, 
Nor gaze on those waters so green and clear, 
And mark them winding away from sight, 
Darken’d with shade, or flashing with light : 
While o’er thee the vine to the thicket clings, 
And the.zephyr stoops to freshen his wings; 
But I wish that fate had left me free 
To wander these quiet haunts with thee, 
Till the eating cares of earth should depart, 
And the peace of the scene pass into my heart; 
And I envy thy stream as it glides along, 
Through its beautiful banks, in a trance of song. 
Tho’ fore’d to drudge for the dregs of men, 
And scrawl strange words with the barbarous pen; 
And mingle among the jostlin crowd, 
Where the sons of strife are subtle and loud; 
T sometimes come to this quiet Hist 
To breathe the air that ruftles thy face, 
And gaze upon thee in silent dream; 
For, in thy lonely and lovely stream, 
An image of that calm life appears, 
That wop ny heart in my greener years. 


We fully agree with the editor in 
the partiality with which he regards 
Mr. Bryant’s productions ; one more of 
which we are tempted to present to 
the reader, who, without any com- 
mendation of our’s, will not fail to do 
justice to its beautics. 

To a Waterfowl. 
Whither, *midst falling dew, ~- 
While glow the heavens with the last steps of day, 

Far thro’ their rosy depths dost thou pursue ~ 

"Phy solitary way? 
Vainly the fowler’s eye 
Might mark thy distant flight, todo. thee wrong, 
AAS; 


darkly painted on the crimson sky, 
Thy figure floats along. 
Seck’st thou the plashy brink 
Of weedy lake, or maze ofriverwide, 
Or where the rocking billows rise and sink 
On the chaf’d ocean side? 


News from Parnassus—No. XVII. 


[May 1, 
There is a Power whose care 
Teaches thy way along that pathless coast,— 
The desert and illimitable air,— 
Lone wandering, but not lost. 


All day thy pring have fann’d;. 
At that far height, the cold thin atmosphere ; 
Yet'stoop not, weary, to the welcome land, 
Tho’ the dark night ismear, 


And soon that toil shall end V5 
Soon shalt thou find a summer home and rest, 
And scream among tly fellows; reeds shall bend 
Soon o’er thy shelter’d nest, 


Thou’rt gone; the abyss of heaven 
Hath swallow’d up thy form: yet on my heart 
Deeply hath sunk the lesson thou hast given, 
And shall not soon depart. 


He who, from zone to zone, 

Guides thro’ the boundless sky thy certain flight, 

In the Jong way that I must tread alone, 

Will lead my steps aright, 

A variety of fugitive pieces, drawn 
from different sources, conclude this 
pleasing epitome of American genius, 
our opinion of which, after the details 
already given, it is hardly necessary 
further to express. Its publication 
will, we have no doubt, have the effect 
of redeeming the poctical character of 
that nation from the neglect, and, we 
may say, the contempt, with which it 
has hitherto been treated amongst us ; 
and thus lead the way to more strenu- 
ous efforts on their part, and more 
honourable: achievements. Destined 
as they are to sustain a part of unpa- 
ralleled interest and dignity: in) the 
future annals of the world, we rejoico 
at every indication of their advancing 
cultivation and refinement; ‘and ‘we 
look forward to the time when ‘the 
lustre of their literary triumphs shall 
give ample demonstration, that des- 
potic power and courtly associations 
are as little requisite for the splendour 
and embellishment of a great country, 
as they have long since proved them to 
be for its prosperity and protection. 

We may remark in conclusion, that 
the duties which the editor has /pre- 
scribed to himself, are performed ina 
very satisfactory manner. In’his pre- 
face, and in the remarks prefixed to 
the different poems, he displays a fair 
and liberal spirit of criticism ; and we 
feel convinced that the English public, 
and the stranger bards with whom he 
has been instrumental in making them 
acquainted; will esteem themselves 
mutually indebted to him for this sea- 
sonable and agreeable introduction. 


— 
To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine, 
SIR, 
N reading, in the Number of your 
Magazine for October, 1821, W. 
S, R.’s remarks on the Usury Laws, a 
train of reflections arose! that* have in- 
duced me to give my decided opinion 
in 


1822.] 


in favour of the continuance of those 
salutary enactments. 

The great ends of the Usury Laws 
are to protect simplicity, and check 
prodigality ; and what objects more 
noble could be proposed, however they 
may have failed in ‘their design, which 
has not originated from their want of 
restraining power, but from the loose 
habits and corrupt passions of men.* 
That the laws of nations should not 
interfere in matters of morality is 
absurd, and contrary to reason and 
religion, which ought to actuate every 
government ; therefore there is nothing 
in this point of view that derogates from 
the utility of the Usury Laws. 

li is not to be doubted that human 
affairs are subject to change, and that 
in different countries, at difierent pe- 
rieds, different laws have obtained, 
originating either from their general 
polity, or the state of their morals 
and population; but this circumstance 
is no reason why an alteration should 
be made in statutes which are in agree- 
ment with all just views of rectitude, 
as well as with the state of national 
affairs. 

The state of both the agricultural 
and commercial interests of our coun- 
try is, no doubt, in a predicament of 
comparative embarrassment, arising 
from a. variety of causes, and need not 
be made worse by an advancement of 
the rate of interest. The gencral 
scarcity of money is a reason why 
eyery article of consumption should 
sell low; and, in order to this, the 
tradesman and the farmer, who are 
in most cases borrowers, should not 
pay interest exceeding its present 
standard, neither should a scheme be 
devised to draw into circulation dor- 
maat capital, at the expense of a majo- 
rity of respectable society. 

Besides, owing to the increase of 
population, competition, and the mi- 
nute distribution of capital, the allow- 
ance of a higher interest than five per 
cent. would make the situation of the 
lender in a certain degree hazardous ; 
and, as no one chooses to lend without 
a bond as security, the alteration would 


* If the Annnity System is mischievons, 
Jet it be suppressed by Act of Parlia- 
ment. It is monstrous to propose to 
repeal the Usury Laws, because, in the 
only instance in which they ave evaded, 
great mischiefs accrue. To repeal them 
would be to extend and legalize the mis 
chiets,—Epi ror. 


On the Usury Laws.—Larch- Bark. 


317 


participate greatly of the nature of 
annuities. 

If we take an impartial view of the 
community in general, from the la- 
bourer to the aristocracy, we shall find 
in the gradation, according to the 
established rules of society, an indis- 
soluble union, which cannot without 
injury be broken, and which, if main- 
tained, tends to bind every heart to 
its native land; therefore it is no 
mean policy to endeavour to con- 
ciliate the attachment of dutiful sub- 
jects by enactments which will result 
to the general welfare. 

The repeal of the Usury Laws, in 
the humble opinion of the writer of 
these lines, would be an adventurous 
step, and an aim at an amendment in 
the interest of money, which might 
relieve a few, but which would cer- 
tainly depress the many, and be the 
cause of attrition, which he foresees 
would not be productive of good to 


the nation. T. 8S. 
Jan. 1, 1822. 
—a 
To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. 


SIR, 

N_ addition to my communication 

respecting the genuine claims which 
I consider larch-bark to possess for 
the useful purposes of tanuing, I find, 
upon a reference to my note-hook of 
1814, the proportionate prices of vari- 
ous oak-bark were to the consumer 
nearly as follows :— 


pte Bae Us ob, Sede 
Best Sussex 15 15 0 to 16 00 
Kent, Norfolk 
Hants #6, bi 140 — 15°00 
Best Dutch, 11100 ~~ 142 090 
Do. mixt inferior 8 00 — 8100 
Prime Jarch-bark 8100 — 9 00 


Now the intrinsic goodness of bark does 
not disclose itself until the process of 
tanning is completed, for, in proportion 
to its good quality will the mauutac- 
tured article carry a corresponding 
weight; therefore the specific value of 
larch-bark arises from this source, what 
weight it will produce in leather, com- 
pared with the same quantity of Eng- 
lish oak-bark ; and, if it is not found to 
contain an equal portion of astringent 
virtue as the latter, in what ratio docs 
its disparity consist: again, if proved to 
be greatly minor in strength to the old 
staple article of this country, how will 
it stand the said test of experiment 
against Dutch or German, or any other 
foreign bark, My. Richard Emblecton, 
of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, who was the 

first 


318 


first tanner whe proved it possessed a 
sufficient body to tanstout hides, has per- 
haps already ascertained this, desidera- 
tum; ifso, he would confer a great service 
upon his brother tanners by furnishing 
the public with the particulars of his 
practical calculations. Few trades have 
sustained more temporary inconveni- 
ence than tanners haye through the fre- 
qucnt scarcity and high price of oak- 
bark. Iremember, about the year 1806, 
when this last-mentioned article was not 
tobe purchased under from 20]. to 22L 
per ton, to what straits and unpleasant 
shifts the tanners were reduced, Among 
other ineflicient substitutes, the sorry 
article of clm-bark was introduced into 
different parts of the country; but it was 
found to be of so poor a nature, and so 
unequal to the grand task of decom- 
posing animal juices by vegetable 
power, thatit wholly failed. The clear- 
ness and brightness of leather tannage 
trom larch is so superior to the dull 
dark huo caused by valonca, that no 
objection can Le started against it on 
that head, Enoxt Situ. 
Cercle 
For the Monthly Magazine. 
THE STATE of IRELAND ILLUSTRATED, 
and REMEDIES SUGGESTED. 
HE evils which aflict Ireland are 
more of a moral than physical 
character, and hence arises the great 
difficulty in suggesting remedies. Phy- 
sicians can prescribe morc easily for dis- 
eases of the body than of the mind, and 
politicians know better how to remove 
physical disorders than those that grow 
out of haman passions. If a nation be 
poor, by removing restrictions on in- 
dustry she will become rich; if igno- 
rant, let schools be founded, and know- 
Iedge rewarded, and she will become 
enlightened. There aro direct reme- 
dies for these calamities; but, when the 
national mind is affected, when the po- 
pulation is divided inte hostile sects and 
partics, hating, prosecuting, and thwart- 
ing each other; without union, charity, 
or toleration ; the case is much more ar- 
duons ; and the reform of the inhabitants 
ef Bethlem is hardly more difficult than 
that of. a community so distempered. 
Treland is a country of paradoxes ; 
her, peasantry are the poorest. fed in 
Europe, yet the least exposed to abse- 
lute want; population has rapidly in- 
creased, when, according to the theory 
of economisis, yice and misery should 
have checked, its progress; manulace 
tures and agriculture have extended, 
without produciag Weulth ; and educa- 


On the true State of Irctand. 


[May 1; 
tion has been rendered accessible to alk 
classes, without diffusing kuowledge. 
These paradoxes are all facts, well 
known to those who have examined ihe 
state of Ireland: without iliustrating 
them more particularly at present, let 
us go directly to those causes, which 
have rendered a country degraded and 
miserable under so many apparent ad- 
vantages. ‘These causes may be put 
under three heads; first, such as are pe- 
culiar to the character of the people ; 
second, the gentry; and, thirdly, the 
policy of government, 

To begin with the first of these divi- 
sions. he lower Irish are. vicious, 
not from want of education, but want 
of knowledge; they are as well in- 
structed, and as cager to receive in- 
struction, as the same class in any other 
part of the empire, except Scotland. 
Why then are they so inferior? It 
arises from indigence; the poverty of 
their parents is so extreme, that they 
cannot extend the elements of know- 
ledge; when their children leave school 
they cease toimprove,—what they have 
there learnt is forgotten, If they learn 
any thing afterwards it is evil ; from the 
exainple of their parents they become 
habituated to indolence and improvi- 
dence ; from the legends of saints, the 
histories of thieves, smugglers, and 
prostitutes, (the only reading of the 
youth of both sexes in Ireland,) they be- 
come familiar with models of every spe- 
cies of violence and depravity. 

Hence the frish, though an educated, 
are really an ignorant people ; and, from 
this source, flow the principal defects 
in their character. The chief of these 
is an absenco of artificial wants : with- 
out such stimulants, neither nations nor 
individuals advance in refinement. 
They have no motive to exertion; their 
wants being few, and these easily satis- 
fied, they sink into sloth and apathy. 
This evilis appareniin Ireland. Pota- 
tocs, forming the staple fond, are as hurt- 
ful there as tho banana in, South 
America. The comforts and clegancies 
which excite the industry and emula- 
tion of the Euglish, mechanie¢ are un- 
known to the Irish cotter; hence, he 
aspires not to convenicnces of which 
he has no knowledge; and hence his 
greater laziness and indifference, and 
all the evils which flow from these 
SOUICES.., - 

But an absence of artificial wants is 
only one of a class of cvils flowing from 
the ignorance of tle peopie. The next 
in order, is improvidcnee, a prolific 
Source 


1322.] 


source of Irish wretchedneéss. Mar- 
riages are made early and without re- 
gard to the future; the priests encou- 
rage them for gain; the people, from su- 
perstition, consider thema duty. ‘The 
consequence is an excess of popula- 
tion. Without falling info any absurd 
ery on this head, there can be no doubt 
of it with respect to Ireland. All 
writers concur in the fact,—wherever a 


draveller sets his foot, he sees signs of 


excess; the swarms of beggars, whose 
miseries cannot be exagyerated; the 
eompetition in every occupation ; and 
the crowded state of every Jane, court, 
and alley, where cheapness enables the 
wretched inmates to herd togcether,— 
all denote a redundancy. 
What is the consequence? The first 
is scarcity of employment, and conse- 
quent low price of labour, Labour is 
not half the price in Ireland it is in 
England, while common unecessarics 
are cequaliy dear. The next conse- 
quence is the general nakedness, desti- 
tution, or, in a word, indigence of the 
people, This is the greatest evil in 
Irciand. Indigence and improvement 
are Wholly incompatible, the body must 
be at ease before the mind can expand. 
it has been mentioncd how extreme 
penury ineapacitates the lower Irish 
from purchasing books, or giving in- 
struction to their children beyond that 
derived {rom charity. Of the existence 
of this calamity, and its debasing ten- 
dency, it is sufficient to mention the 
fact, that there is a regular intercourse 
between Ireland and Scotland, in which 
the former purchasesthe cast-off clothes 
of the latter.* There are few English 
mechanics or labourers, I apprehend, 
who would wear a Scotchman’s old 
clothes, and I trust this feeling will long 
be maintained. Moralists, indeed, may 
declaim against pride and luxury, but 
they are the great improvers of nations. 
if they be vices at all, they are vices in 
the higher, not the lower orders’; in the 
latter they are the only stimulants by 
which the mass of socicty can be ame- 
liorated. | 
Let us now speak of the gentry. Wo 
hear much about aljsentees ; this, how- 
ever, is a symptom, not a cause, of the 
disorder, What inducement has an 
frish gentleman to reside,— whatsocicty, 
what comfort, what enjoyment would 
he have? The Rassian noble lives con- 
stantly on his estate,’and what is the 
consequence? he becomes &s brutaland 


* Supp. to Ency, Brit, art, Ireland. 


On the Distresses and Discontents of Tretanid. 


319 


deprayed as his vassals. We know the 
effect of West-India slavery on plant- 
ers,— would it be diflerent in Ireland? 
Would thelandiordimprove his tenants, 
or be corrupted hy them? would not 
continual familiarity. with scenes of 
meanness and servility debase him to 
their level, or produce vices of an oppo- 
site character? Travel has always 
been considered one source of improve- 
ment; and, I doubt not, Ircland is inf- 
nitely more benefited by the residence 
of her gentry in the capitals of ingland 
and Scotland, and the ideas and feel- 
ings with which.they there become fa- 
miliar, and of which Ireland occasion- 
ally derives the benefit, than their cou- 
stant abode amidst a degraded popula- 
tion ; and, I am quite sure, that the 
more her gentry become acquainted with 
English manners and usages, the bet- 
ter for the cotters. 

Let us, however, not be mistaken on 
this pot: we know tho value of a na- 
tive resident gentry, we are scnsibie 
how much Ireland would be benefited 
by her rental being expended on the 
spot, we know how her population 
would improve by the constant presence 
of an opulent educated class, known to 
the people from their birth, mixing 
familiarly with them, practisiag hospi- 
tality, respecting their prejudices, pity- 
ing their vices, or reproving them by 
bettcr example; in short, acting the 
partof real gentlemen, an union of ac- 
complishment, knowledge, and huma- 
nity ; with such a class, Ireland, or any 
country ,would be blessed andimproved, 
but does such a class exist in Ireland? 
We know what the squircs were in 
Swifts days,.rackers of their tenanis, 
jobbers of all public works, proud and 
illiterate. For my part, I think Ireland 
as well off with her present oppressors; 
tithe-proctors, and middlemen, bare 
and naked as they are, as under the lash 
of such gentry. The last T would have 
sent to England to be civilized, where 
they perhaps may learn something that 
might be adopted with advantage in 
place of mud Cottages, froth, blarney, 
and faction. 

We come to our last topic, the policy 
of government. This is a delicate 
part of our subject ; and, fortunately, 
littlenced be said to illustrate it. Every 
body knows how Irelund has been go~ 
yerned for centuries; she has been a 
mere prey, a promethean liver on which 
successive administrations have sur- 
feited: she has, in fact, not been go- 
verned, she ,has been deluded and 

plundered, 


$20 


plandcred, but it is a misnomer to call 
devastation and imposture govern- 
ment. The factious, selfish, bigotted, 
and irreconcileable, have divided her as 
a spoil; and government has not been 
ashamed to avail itself of the folly and 
cupidity of such instruments to pre- 
serve a precarious sovereignty, when, 
too, its frown would have made the 
same creatures, who were ready at any 
hour to sacrifice their country for a mess 
of pottage, instrumental to her pros- 
perity and happiness. 

The subject, however, is well under- 
stood: the public weal. Those classes 
whom it is alone worth the breath of 
our nostrils to preserve, have never 
been considered: they have been the 
victims of the passions and selfishness 
of their superiors, by whose aid the 
country has been governed on one sin- 
gle principle, influence ; or, perhaps still 
better, Ireland in the hands of England 
has been one long and enormous job. 

Having described the symptoms, I 
come now to remedies. ‘The state of 
Treland is alike afllictive to all classes, 
to the gentry no less than the peasantry. 
If the vices of the latter render them 
profligate and miserable, they tend 
equally to impair the enjoyments of the 
former, by placing both their properties 
and persons in jeopardy. Lect us see, 
then, by what means the double object 
can be attained, of giving security to 
the rich and happiness to the poor of 
the sister kingdom. 

The two problems to be solved are 
these: first, how can a mass of people, 
like the Ivish cotters, of degraded and 
vicious habits, be brought into more 
perfect social organization. Secondly, 
by what means can a community, dis- 
tracted by jealousies and animosities, 
be enlightened to its true interests, and 
brought to concur in measures for the 
general advantage. This is an epitome 
of Irish evils ; her misfortunes arise from 
the intellectual debasement of the 
lower, and the divisions of the upper 
classes; consequently, whatever tends 
to elevate the character of one part of 
her population, and conciliate the dif- 
ferences of the other, is the sure remedy 
for her maladies. J shall begin with the 
first. 

The worst, and most unmanageable 
symptom, is the superabundant popula- 
tion of Ireland. To restrain marriage 
by law would neither be just nor prac- 
ticable, and probably have an effect the 
reverse of that intended, by. accele- 
rating instead of retarding the increase 


On the Discontents and Distresses of Ireland. 


[May 1, 
of the people. But there is an indirect 
mode of proceeding much less objec- 
tionable. The cotter, doubtless like 
others, has a desire to his own welfare ; 
and, if he marry imprudently, and en- 
tail misery on himself and family, it 
can only arise from not being previ- 
ously impressed with the folly of his 
conduct. To enlighten him on this 
head, to impress the young and inexpe- 
rienced with the misery and degrada- 
tion of being the parents of an unpro- 
vided offspring, are the objects to be 
attained; and, for which, two means 
present themselves,—first, the exertions 
of individuals,—secondly, of govern- 
ment. What might not be done by 
the intelligent in every station continu- 
ally impressing on the lower classes the 
evils of premature marriage? And far 
more might be effected by government, 
for it holds the great springs of society. 
The magistracy, the judicial authorities, 
the Protestant clergy universally, and 
the enlightened and most influential of 
the Catholic body, might all be put in 
motion by its influence. How great 
would be the effect of such machinery, 
aided by the gentry and benevolent of 
all parties, and opposed only by the 
clamour of ignorance and misrepre- 
sentation. The result cannot be 
doubted, especially as it must speedily 
be manifest to the people themselves 
that their interests. concurred with the 
suggestions of reason and humanity. 

I come to tithes, a subject much 
more susceptible of legislative remedy 
than population. Were this the only 
grievance of Ireland, I should verily 
think it enough to keep her in a conti- 
nued state of discontent and turbulence, 
A system more repugnant to reason, 
more revolting to humanity, more op- 
pressive to the mferior orders, and more 
calculated to cherish hatred and dis- 
cord, cannot be conceived. The tithe 
is not levied on the rich, but on the 
poor, on the absolute necessaries of an 
indigent peasantry ; while the cattle of 
the opulent graziers are exempted, the 
pigs, poultry, and potatoes of the mise- 
rable cultivator are swept off with un- 
sparing rapacity. Then consider the 
uses to which this impost, cemented 
with the groans and curses of the cot- 
ter, is applied,—not to support a na- 
tional religion ministering comfort and 
consolation to the people, but to sup- 
port a faith from which four-fifths of the 
population dissent; whose ministers, 
many of them, do not even dwellamong 
them, but spend the revenue wrung 
from 


1822.] 


from their soil in foreign lands, while 
their own pastors, proscribed and aban- 
doned, are doomed either to absolute 
penury, or to recvive a precarious sub- 
sistence from the eleemosynary bounty 
of their parishioners, Surely legislation 
might do something kere, surely laws 
might be devised to alleviate the ini- 
quity and revolting incongruities of such 
a system, 

Let us see, then, what is really in the 
power of government to effect, and, that 
we may not aim-at unattainable good, 
we will propose something short of what 
we conccive most desirable. A gene- 
xal commutation for-tithe, payable by 
the landowner, would, unquestionably, 
be the best reform of the tythe system ; 
hut this is too great a boon to expect, 
therefore we shall content ourselves 
with asking something less. 

¥irst, I can see no hardship in a law 
to prohibit the clergy from farming out 
the tithe, and to compel them to collect 
it in person, or by their immediate de- 
pendants, without the intervention of 
proctors and their agents. A simple 
measure of this nature, I am per- 
suaded, would be of infinite service to 
Treland ; it would sweep away a thou- 
sand eauses of discontent and exas- 
peration; it would vest. the levy of an 
oppressive impost in those who had the 
emolument of it; and who, from local 
situation being exposed to the inconyve- 
nience-and odium resulting from taxa- 
tion, would be less liable to exercise 
unnecessary rigour. 

Secondly, in lieu of the tithe on po- 
tatoes, and the mere subsistence of the 
eotters, I would propose that the tithe 
of agistment, abolished by a selfish law 
of the Irish parliament, be restored, so 
that pasture, as well as tillage, might 
contribute to* the maintenance of the 
chureh. 
~ Lastly, it is desirable, that a proposi- 
tion introduced in the last session of 
parliament, for making a provision for 
the Catholic clergy, be carried into 
éffeet. | 1t is painful to think that a 
body of men; to whom is confided al- 
most the entire religious instruction of 
the community, should have no certain 
maintenance, should have no depend- 
ence farther thanthe casual and scanty 
contributions of their indigent follow- 
ers; and it is surprising that govern- 
ment delays a just and salutary mea- 
sure, that could not fail to attach to its 
interests the mostinflucntial class in the 
country. © 

With such ehanges as these, endan- 
MONTHLY Maa, No, 367. 


On the: Discontents and Disturbances in Irelund. 


321 
gering no system, attacking no esta- 
blished. principle, preserving, in fact, 
the interests: of the Protestant clergy, 
and merely taking away what is unjust 
in priscipld and offensive in practice in 
the levying of tithes, great and sub- 
stantial benefits would be conferred on 
Ireland; and the most prolific source of 
her agitations removed. 

The next subject afflicting the cot- 
ters is exorbitant rents. Here I con- 
fess neither legislation nor government 
can properly interfere. Rent must 
always be determined by the competi- 
tion of the market, and the only pro- 
per mode of reduction is by lessening 
the number of applicants for land. 
But though, in this case, there is no 
direct remedy, still something may be 
done by appealing to the landowners 
themselves. First, it can never be 
their interest to be surrounded by an 
enraged and famishing population ; the 
peril and misery of such a situation are 
apparent: their own security, no less 
than humanity, suggests that their wel- 
fare is identified with that of a com- 
fortable tenantry ; that they ought to 
discountenance all offers for land, which 
takes from the cultivator the means of 
subsistence ; and that they ought not, 
for a transitory gain, ultimately to ex- 
pose themselyes and families to the 
horrors of a servile bellum, originating 
in the disappointed expectation of a 
credulous and over sanguine peasantry. 

These appear to me the most impor- 
tant topics, ecnnected with the inferior 
population. Ihave purposely omitted 
observing on the Distillery Laws, and 
some other matters, because the eviis 
and remedies have been Jong before tlic 
public, and I have nothing new to add 
respecting them. Of education, too, f 
have said nothing ; and tor this reason, 
because the physical condition of the 
people must be ameliorated before any 
system of instruction, however perfect, 
can be acted on with advantace, ‘Phere 
is abundant provision for education in 
Treland when the people are in a state 
to derive the benefit of it. 

- I come to the second division of out 
subject, namely, the disunion which 
prevails among the upper-classes, It 
is here the wisdom of administration 
may be most conspicuously displayed. 
Ad present Ireland is little better than a 
great mad-house, filled with deranged 
spirits, without union among theia- 
selves, hating cach other without cause, 
perpetuating’ with bigoted tenacity ab 
surd .distinctions time has obliterated, 

25 and 


322 
and thwarting, by senseless animosity 
and factious intolerance, every measure 
for the general wellare and tranquillity. 
On such distracted elements the influ- 
ence of government might be benefi- 
cially exerted. The firststep would be 
to listen to the zealots of no party. 
Partizans are invariably the calumni- 
ators of their opponents, and entertain 
ridiculous opinions of their own virtues 
and remedies, By all means then keep 
them ata distance; do not suffer them to 
infest the chambers of legislation, the 
halls of justice, nor the bench of magis- 
tracy. They cannot enlighten, they 
can only mislead: they are blind them- 
selves; and, whoever submits to their 
guidance, must be seduced into their 
follies and extravagance. 

But, besides the mere devotees of 
faction and intolerance, there are others 
to be notless guarded against, the regu- 
lar traders in politics and corruption, the 
hunters after honours, places, and de- 
corations, these who would make the 
government of Ireland a mere job, a 
family contract, a monopoly of which 
themselves, and a few favoured fol- 
lowers, should enjoy the emolument. 
These last are infinitely more danger- 
ous than the first; the former may be 
known by the foam at their mouth and 
the wildness of their eye, but the latter 
are disguised in a thousand ways in a 
semblance of loyalty, in pretended de- 
votion 1o the constitution, in affected 
horror at innovation, and ultra zeal for 
the Protestant ascendancy. Both par- 
ties, however, are alike enemies to Ire- 
jand: her happiness cannot be. pro- 
moted by either: blind zeal is the zgnis 
Fuiuus of one, and selfishness the god of 
the other's idolatry. 

Tn all that respects this part of the 
subject, one cannot do better than re- 
commend ministers to follow up the in- 
' tentions expressed by the king in his 
late visit :—to govern Ireland on princi- 
ples ef toleration and forbearance, not 
io ireat her asa nation of castes, using 
the follies and prejudig¢es of one class 
to keep another in subjection; but, as 
an homogeneous community, all of 
whose meinbers, not incapacitated by 
real delinquency being considered en- 
titled to equal favour and protection. 
J'or this end it will be necessary to dis- 
countenance, and even to repress all 
badges and memorials of former feuds 
and animosities, and to lessen the in- 
fluence, and. lisien. cautiously. to the 
suggestions, of those who. have been 
citer implicated in, or Wish to keep up, 


On Prison Discipline in America. 


[May 1, 


the remembrance of them. In short, 
the grand principle fs te govern Ireland 
independently of herself, to place an 
authority over her that shall’ be ele- 
vated above her divisions, that shall 
have no respect to persons, no commu- 
nion with sects and parties, and that 
shall apparently forget itself, and cause 
to be forgotten by others, (if that be 
pe) all memory of her past history 
and misfortunes. Evupoxus, 

Dublin, April 2, 1822. 

————— 
For the Monthly Magazine. 
PROGRESS of the NEW PENITENTIARY 

SYSTEM and PRISON DISCIPLINE in 

AMERICA.‘ 

T is well known that the Peniten- 

liary establishments, first under- 
taken in America on the principle of 
moral discipline, in opposition to the 
old penal Jaws, have not been attended 
with those advantages, and entire suc- 
cess, that the friends and promoters of 
them had been led to hope. 

The reports from the different state 
prisons hitherto received in this eoun- 
try, were certainly not so favourable as 
we could have wished, But this should 
not, and has not, we are rejoiced to 
say, in the least checked the ardour and 
expectations of the founders and sup- 
porters of these excellent institutions. 
Persevering in their plans of gradual 
improvement and reform, by calin ob- 
servation and experience they have 
been enabled to remedy and overcome 
many defects and disadvantages which 
opposed themselves to their views. 
The alarming proportion of dismissed 
prisoners returned upon their hands for 
arepetition of offences, have in most of 
the states, owing to such increased ex- 
ertions, rapidly diminished, Instead of 
one out of every four or six, for asecond 
or a third time committed, it appears 
that in the state of Massachusetts they 
are now only in proportion 6f one to 
eight or twelye. From a small publi- 
cation, entitled, “The Penitentiary 
System Vindicated,”) by an officer of 
this establishment connected: with the 
Massachusetts state prison, and: pab- 
lished at Charlestown, we Jearn that, 
as far as regards those crimes only, 
which, are. punishable by state-prison 
confinement, they have rather de-: 
creased than multiplied of Jate years. 
The number of convicts in the Massa- 
chuseftsstate prison has been for about 
two years decreasing, and there are now: 
more than one hundred less than there 
were inthe fall of 1818. Thenumber 

of 


1822.]} 
of convictions in Boston is also yearly 
decreasing. Upon examining the re- 
cords, we find that there were con- 
victed, and sent to this prison from that 
town in 1816, sixty-cight criminals; in 
1817, fifty-eight ; in 1818, forty-nine, in 
1819, thirty-eight ; and, in 1820, only 
thirty. 

Surely these facts do not justify the 
belief, that such crimes as are here al- 
luded to have increased in this com- 
monwealth! While the number of 
these, subject to the Penitentiary disci- 
pline, have diminished, crimes of a 
higher nature, and such as are still capi- 
tal by the laws, in all the United States, 
have very much increased. We hear 
of murders, and strange unnatural mur- 
ders, piracy, and daring robberies; but, 
as all these crimes are, and ever have 
been, punishable with death, there can 
no clamour, from the perpcetration of 
such, arise against the mildness of 
state-prison punishments as encou- 
raging them. And, as it does not ap- 
pear that many, if any of these pirates, 
robbers, and murderers, have ever been 
subjects of a state prison, they must 
have learned their vices in some other 
school; and thus the charge of corrup- 
tion, so far as it has been adduced from 
the recent numerous occurrence of great 
erimes, also falls to the ground. 

Let us not, he again observes, be 
hasty to abandon what is so beautiful in 
theory ; and which, with proper ma- 
nagement and improvement, will be 
found, in practice, conducive to the best 
interests of socicty. As an oflicer of 
the establishment, he strongly recom- 
mends constant hard labour, under 
rules and deprivations, which we cannot 
help thinking too severe. “'They should 
be made even to do it cheerfully and 
willingly, if this is not an Irishism. I 
would punish them if they looked surly 
or cross about it. A few chastisements 
would make them put on a more smiling 
countenance. Although feigned and 
aflected at first, it would soon become 
habitual, and atlast sincere.” For our 
own part, we think this would at once 
be an outrage upon common sense and 
humanity. “I object, (he continues,) to 
that arrangement of Bury jail, which 
allows the convict two-fifths of all his 
earnings. Itis toomuch. The state, 
or the county, has a fair and legal title 
to all his earnings. The most that I 
would allow them should be what they 
could make by extra exertions. Again, 
on this account, I do not think it is a 


The Philosophy of Contemporary Criticism —No. XX. 


323 


good plan to allow convicts any specific 
portion of their earnings.” 

We are ata loss to perecive in these 
remarks any proof of the mildness of 
the new prison discipline. When to 
this we add what is passing in the Pen- 
sylvanian, Virginian, and other of the 
state prisons, where, it is said, the law 
of strict solitary confinement is about 
to be put in force, we find the truth of 
what we have long suspected, that, in 
their zeal to avoid the more apparent 
cruelty of corporal punishments for of- 
fences, the friends to moral discipline 
would probably inflict others more sc- 
vere and lasting. 

This is an error which ought greatly 
to be guarded against, as one which in 
penal jurisprudence might be produc- 
tive of the most unhappy consequences, 
and not so easy to be remedied as 
lamented. We think solitary confine- 
ment, as a law, ought never to be 
passed, much less to be put into execu- 
tion, even by way of experiment. 

It has been ascertained that its ef- 
fects are very unfavourable upon those 
who may be supposed to be insensible 
to its horrible influence ; and, if it ren- 
ders maniacs more mad and violent, we 
think it would probably, in many in- 
stances, drive convicts insane. 

For the sake of common humanity, 
and the character of the American 
legislature, we trust that it will never 
be thought necessary to have recourse 
to a measure, more cruel and vindictive 
than the vengeance of capital punish- 
ment, which would be considered free- 
dom and relief compared to the horrors 
of long solitary confinement. 

—— 


For the Monthly Magazine. 


THE PHILOSOPHY OF CONTEM- 
PORARY CRITICISM. 
_NO. XX. 

Retrospective Review, No. 8. 

HIS number is perhaps more 

equally excellent than any of its 
predecessors. While on the one hand 
there is less of the dazzling splendour 
of some earlier articles, there is also 
none of that milk-and-water sentimen- 
tality which disfigures other essays. 
The merit of some of the papers is very 
great, and-these it will be our grateful 
task in the ensuing notice to particu- 
larize. 

The first article is, we believe, the 
avowed production of Henry Matthews, 
“the invalid.” At all events, it is 
worthy of his pen; and no one, we 

should 


324 


should think, who has read his enter- 
taining “* Diary,” will hesitate in re 
cognizing his peculiar style. It com- 
menees with some lively, just, and 
spirited remarks upon the perusal of 
epistolary correspondence. The letters 
of contemporary characters often, as be 
well remarks, furnish us with a sueees- 
sion of picturesque peeps, that are infi- 
nitely more interesting than the bald 
naked view of the same objcets, usually 
presented to the eye of the traveller 
who journeys along the plain strait road 
of narrative. In the one case we be- 
hold nothing but the dial-plate ; in the 
other, we are initiated into the myste- 
ries of that machinery by which the 
hands are constramed to point to a par- 
ticular hour. The Epistele Holliane, 
or familiar Ejyrstles of James Howell, 
are certainly among the most interest- 
ing of these bye-paths to the temple of 
history ; and the extracts which Mr. 
Matthews has here made fully justify 
his eulogium. The book, however, 
though neglected, may easily be ob- 
tained; and we wish that Mr. Matthews 
had been more sparing of his extracts, 
and more bountiful in his excellent ori- 
ginal matter. 

The Shdhndémeh (from a Persian 
MS.) forms the subject of the seeond 
article, whicheommences witha learned 
and ingenious comparison of the only 
original epic poets whom the world 
ever produced, Homer and Ferdusi. 
Each wrote on the heroic age of his 
country ; and each well knew, how, by 
alternate pictures of battle and banquet, 
by mixing dramatie dialogue with nar- 
rative, and by the occasional introduc- 
tion of episode, to diversify the mono- 
tony of the scenes of war. The *silver 
harp is, we think with justice, a- 
warded to the Greek ; but, from our un- 
acquaintance with the Persian language, 
we confess ourselves incompetent to 
decide. Translations, it is true, of dif- 
ferent passages, have at various and 
distant periods been given to the 
world; but, those who have compared 
Homer in the majestic simplicity of the 
original Greek with the “ very pretty 
poemst which his {doers-into-English 
have produced; nay, those who have 


* The ancient bardic prize of our ances- 
tors, the Britons, was a silver harp: see 
much learning upon the subject in that in- 
teresting work the Cambro @ritoa, 

+ Bentley. ’ 

~ Chapman should be excepted from 
this sweeping censure, (see Ret. Rev. vol. 
1.).; but who now reads Chapman ? 

3 


The Piilosophy of Contemporary Griticism—No. XX. - [May }, 


contrasted the elegance of Virgil with 
the translation even of a Dryden, will 
appreciate the disadvantage of such an 
unnatural costume. Specimens are 
given of the English translation of 
Champion and Atkinson, and of a Latin 
translation in the Virgilian metre by 
thataccomplished orientalist,* Sir Wm. 
Jones; but the best examples of the 
simplicity of the original, are undoubt- 
edly those from the pen of the Re- 
viewer. 

Of article III. on Gaule’s “ Distrac- 
tions, or holy Maduesse fervently, not 
furiously, inraged against evill Doers,” 
we shallsay but little. The book cer- 
tainly does not possess very great merit ; 
but we cannot agree with the editor of 
the European Magazine in thinking 
that, “had the author indeed been as 
stark and staring as he aflects to be, he 
eould not have ranted more insensibly 
than he does in his sober senses.” + 
What will that gentleman say to the 
spirited sketch of *‘ him that is proud 
of this, that he is not proud, one that 
glorieth vainly even in contempt of 
vain glory?” He surely should have as- 
signed some reason for making this the 
sole exception to the laudatory charac- 
ter he has bestowed upon the work, 
and should not have pronounced such a 
sweeping censure, without, at least, 
some shadow of argumentin its support. 

But, however widely opinions may,: 
and do, differ concerning the merit of 
the preceding paper, we apprehend 
that no one will deny the excellence of 
the article (iv.) upon Thealma and 
Clearchus. This poem, which is equally 
remarkable for smoothness and easiness. 
of verse, and for the pastoral feeling 
which pervades the whole, was pub- 
lished as the posthumous work of a de- 
ceased friend, by that patriarch of 
Anglers, Izaak Watton. It has hitherto 
been assigned, upon the authority of the 
title-page, to John Chalkhill, esq. of 
whom no more is known than is eon- 
tained in about four lines of a very brief 
preface. Mr. Todd, Mr. Ritson, and 
Mr. Campbell, to whom may be added 
Sir Egerton Brydges, and other literary 
antiquaries, have all considered Chalk- 
hill as a real personage. Mr. Singer, 


* Seehis Life by Lord Teignmouth, in one 
vol. 8vo. and Loudon Magazine for Nov... 
+ The editor of the Champion, (Mr. 
Thelwall,) who devoted several. columns 
to an account of this number, has pro- 
nounced a judgment nearly as unfavoura- 

ble as that above noticed. 
indeed, 


1822,] 


indeed, was the first to* question the 
authenticity of old Izaak’s statement, 
but it was reserved for the author of 
this learned article satisfactorily to 
preve the identity of Chalkhill and 
Walton. 

The fifth article is a most elaborate 
Defence of the Knights Templars; and 
the author, as well from the examina- 
tion of the original proces, as from the 
testimony of the most approved and 
unbiassed writers, has, we think, sufli< 
ciently proved, that no legal decision 
could be founded upon such proceed- 
ings. We would not, he says, admit 
the truth of one single fact contained in 
the loathsome collection ; we would not 
allow one solitary conclusion from such 
facts. We do not mean to assert that 
portions of the evidence may not be 
true ; but we say that, from their ad- 
mixture of falsehood, it is impossible to 
distinguish such portions; and, there- 
fore, we cannot be sure that we are not 
erring whenever we give credit to any 
part of the evidence. 
well worthy of perusal, but we think 
that it pre-supposes tou much previous 
knowledge. 

The works of Robert Southwell, a 
pious and unfortunate Jesuit, executed 
for high treason in the reign of Eliza- 
beth, furnish a subject for the sixth ar- 
tiele. There is considerable beauty in 
some of his poetical productions, and 
his prose pieces are remarkable for en- 
ergy and passion; indeed, (as the re- 
viewer elegantly expresses it,) he seems 
to have been almost afraid to trust 
himself in the fairy-land of poesy, lest 
he should imbibe some of its illusions ; 
so that, in his poetical pieces, his genius 
is much more restrained than in his 
prose compositions. Perhaps the stan- 
zas, headed Loss in Delays, p. 274, are 
among the best of the extracts, though 
we disapprove of the metaphor in the 
concluding stanza. 

The seventh. is the conclusion of 
the highly finished and claborate ar- 
ticle upon the Novum Oreanun of 
Bacon. "Phe author is certainly Mr. 


* “T have sometimes thought, (says Mr. 
Singer,) that this might be a youthful pro- 
duction of his (old {zaak’s) own; and I 
think that he had enough of poetry in 
time to have written it.” See his Intro- 
duction to Whittingham’s elegant reprint, 
12mM0, 1820, pages vii, and viii. We quote 
from memory. 


Retrospective Review, No. VIII. 


The article is’ 


325 
Montagu or the devil,—aut Erasmus 
aut Diabolus. Vad he entitled his ar- 
ticle an analysis of the whole works of 
Francis Bacon, Baron of Verulam and 
Lord Chancellor of England, he had 
not perhaps gone too far; but we can- 
not help wishing that he had indulged 
in a view of those noble speculations 
which a subject so inviting might well 
suggest. The most learned of our 
readers, however, cannot, we think, 
failto derive both profit and instruction 
from the perusal of this paper,—Indocti 
diseant, et ament meminisse periti. 

The eigth is an interesting and ele- 
gantly written article upon the Memoirs 
of Gaudentio di Lucca, a political ro- 
mance, which, however, istoo common 
to fall properly within the jurisdiction 
of the Retrospective Review. In con- 
tradiction to Mr. Chalmer’s positive, 
but unsupported, assertion to the con- 
trary, the writer has satisfactorily 
proved that this work was the produc- 
tion of the ingenious, but speculative, 
EBe:keley. 

The concluding paper is a review of 
the Tragedies of George Chapman ; his 
comedies, it is understood, are to fur= 
nish an article for the next number. . 
To asuperficial reader Chapman is uport 
the whole repulsive, and even incom- 
prehensible. His productions are re- 
markable for bombast and grandilo- 
quence. These faults are vital. They 
are dramas, and yet cannot be justly 
called dramatic; their language and 
thoughts are commonly turgid and in- 
flated in the highest degree, and it is 
but very rarely that the gross hyper- 
boles with which they abound sink into 
just and natural conceptions. When we 
add that, from one of his plays to the 
other, we do not recollect one touch of 
pathos, or a single powerful appeal to 
any one natural passion, we think, 
says the Reviewer, we shall have sect- 
tled his claims to be considered as a 
great tragedian. Nevertheless, George 
Chapman is made of stern stuff: he 
wears well, and is the better for know- 
ing ; and we feel obliged to the writer 
of the interesting article before us for 
having collected, as it were in a store- 
house, those passages which are worthy 
of aitention, and thereby saving his 
readers the trouble and Jabour of 
wading through the mass of rubbish 
in which his ‘* precious jewels” are too 
frequently enveloped. 


ORIGINAL: 


r 326 J 


[May 1, 


ORIGINAL POETRY. 


SPRING. 


| gti Spring! I hail thy happy hours, 

WD = Delight is in thy train; 

And Beanty, deck’d with early flow’rs, 
Attends thee o’er the plain. 


At thy command, the twitting bird 
Tries each forgotten note, 

Feebly at first, then louder heard, 
He swells his little throat. 


The bursting bud, of lively green, 
Puts forth its pensile form ; 

The hardy flowret, too, is seen, 
Uncheck’d by sweeping storm. 


The rill, that late in turbid waves 
High o’er its banks had swept, 
Pellucid now, those banks it laves, 

As tho’ the streamlet slept. 


The frolic lamb, in gambols wild, 
Enjoys his op‘ning life; 

Nor dreams, amid a scene so mild, 
Of Man's blood-seeking knife. 


Fen Man forgets his sorrow now, 
And seeks the sylvan scene ; 

Snatches a wild-rose from its bough, 
Or wreathes a chaplet,green. 


Tis mine, on each returning year, 
A wreath of verse to bring, 
When thou return’st the world to cheer ; 
‘Thus then I hail thee, Spring! 
J. M. Lacey. 
— 


‘TIS HER I LOVE! 


Where lonely on the desert shore 

Is heard the sullen ocean’s roar, 

And tangled sea-weed, wild around, 
Spreads o’er the rocky, wave-wash’d ground, 
Tf on a ledge supine reclin’d, 

I sooth to peace a pensive mind, 

What secret spell will have the pow'r 

'To charm the cheerless, ling'ring hour, 
'To wake to joy, and transports move? 
The thought of one,—’tis her I love! 


Low in the glen, remote, unseen, 

Where branches weave a sylvan screen, 
And the torrent of the hill 

Devious strays in many a rill— 

And nought is heard, so stilly round, 

But the waters babbling sound ; 

When there I listless muse the hour, 
What secret spell can have the pow’r : 
To wake to joy, and transports move? 
The thought of one—tis her I love! 


The tow’ring cliff! whose ample form 
Fronts the wild surge—defies the storm— 
Where the sea-mew forms her nest ! 

The beetling brow the clouds invest— 
The dizzy steep, in airy height, 

Where the sea-bird wheels her flight ! 
When there I hail eve’s golden hour, 
What secret spell will have the pow’r 

Fo wake to joy, and transports move ? 
‘The thought of one—'tis her I love! 


Rocks, woodland haunts, deep shadowy 
groves, 

The sylvan scenes of rustic loves, 

Dear are thy paths, where oft I’ve stray’d, 

And woo'd at eve a dark-ey’d maid! 

The silent shore, the lowly dell,— 

O scenes belov’d, you well can tell, 

When with thee I muse the hour, 

What secret spell can have the pow'r 

To wake to joy, and transports move? 

The thought of one—’tis her I love ! 

G. H. T. 
— a 
THE HERMITE’S ADDRESSE TO YOUTHE. 
Written in the Gardens of the Vauxhall at 
Bath, 1777, 

Say, gentle youthe, that tread’ st, untouch’d 

with care, 
Where Nature hath so guerdon’d Bathe’s 

gay scene, {aire, 

Fedde with the songe that. dauncethi in the 

’Midst fairest wealth of Flora’s magazine; 

Hath eye or eare yet founde, thine steppes 
to blesse, 

That germ of life, yclep’d true happiness? 


With beautie restes she not,nor woo tolighte 
Her hallowde taper at proude honour’s 
flame, 
Nor Circe’s cuppe doth crewne, nor 
comes in flighte 
Upon tl’ Icarian winge of bablinge fame. 
Not shrine of golde doth this fair sainte 
embower, [shower. 
She glides from heaven, but not in Danae’s 


Go blossome, wanton, in such joyous aire, 
But ah! eftsoone thy buxom blasteiso’er! 
When the sleek pate shall grow far ’bove 
its haire, [lore, 
And creeping age shall reape this piteous 
To broode o’er follie, and with me confesse, 
Earth’s flatt’ringe daintics prove but 
sweet distresse. 
Tue OLve HERMITE, 
—$— 
SWEET-LOOKING, 
From Chaucer’s “ Romaunt of the Rose,” 
page 38, l. 918. 
Now Love was in his witching trim, 
He had a single youth with him, 
Who many a lady’s heart enthrall’d, 
And this youth was Sweet-looking call'd ; 
And, while the enchanting couples dane’d, 
He stood, and at them fondly glane'd, 
Holding two bows which he had wrought 
‘Yo operate on human thought : 
One was a knotty crooked stick, 
Cut from the thorny savourwick, 
Black asa berry, ora sloe, 
And it seem’d fit for lover’s woe, 
The other—of a plant, without 
A blemish ora knot about, 
And it was smooth, and painted much 
Wirth Nature’s hand, and Fancy’s touch, 
With young men glad, and ladies light, 
Array'd in golden robes and white. 
These 


1822.] 


‘These bows Sweet-looking held, as he 

Survey’d the lively company; ~ 

And ten broad arrows he had here, 

‘Tho’ in his hand but five appear ; 

Notch’d,feather’d, shaven, burnish’d bright, 

And tip’d with gold, they caught the sight ; 

True—but when from their bows they go, 

What heartfelt anguish lovers know! 
Islington. J. R. Prior. 


—< 
ODE TO MY SHOES. 


[When the writer was last at St. Albans, (the 27th 
of December,) he went to Gorhambury, for the 
purpose of making a sketch of those ruins near 
the present mansion of the Earl of Verulam; 
those ruins, which are extremely interesting, on 
account of the great fabricator of the original 
edifice,—they are the sad remains of a palace 
built by the father of the great Lord Keeper 
Verulam. When we reflect, that they were once 
inhabited byas great a man as ever saw the sun, 
or think they had often as a guest that princess, 
the pride of our land, and the envy of the world, 
Elizabeth,—no common feelings can be supposed 
to arise in a mind to whom the merits of Lord 
Bacon are known, or which is not totally unac- 
quainted with the history of his country. At the 
period above alluded to, on account of the long 
succession of wet weather, no place could be 

- found sufficiently free from moisture, regarding 
health, from whence to take the most advantageous 
view; this would have been essayed notwithstand- 
ing, had not a very violent storm come on, which 
peappcinted expectation. He had then to walk to 
Berkhampstead, eight miles, in his way to Tring 
and Aylesbury; at the latter (place the following 
jeu @esprit rushed upon his mind, being then in 
the presence of a lovely muse, iu mortal mould, 
and intended to commemorate an accident which 
occurred before at Gorhambury.] 


Say, sole of good and sound neat’s leather, 
With infant calf, stitch’d well together, 
And press’d by silken gordian knot, 

What boots repose if thou’rt forgot. 

Al! ‘why my confidence abuse, 

To let me leave in dirt my shoes? 


As o’er the sacred sod I press’d, 
Which eke receiv’d the honour’d guest, 
Or bore the weight of mighty science 
In living learning’s great alliance. 
Thou sod, which once a Bacon bore, 
Whom earth had never seen before,— 


‘Stephensiana—No. VII. 


327 

Nor since, nor.e’er will see again, 

So great, so rare, to live in vain. 

The turf once press’d by’s mighty welght, 

Was rendered holy by his state,— 

Like Sinai’s soil, to prophet’s feet, 

The obedient ground knew what was 
meet, WwW. 


— 
THE OYSTER AND CROW. 
Founded on Fact. 


ONCE on a pleasant summet’s day, 
When Sol his beams around 
Threw o’er the wide expansive sea, 
- And cheer’d the vast profound ; 


Not very far from Plymouth’s beach, 
Upon the winding shore, 

An Oyster lay, but far from reach, 
Where oft it might before, 


The Sun’s warm beams now tempt the fish 
Its folding case to expand ; 

And soon upon a double dish 
It lies upon the sand. 


A dainty bit it look’d, T trow, 
Upon the dish to view; 

A stranger flying o’er,—a Crow, 
Saw it, and hungry grew. 


Down soon it dropt, just like a kite 
When its long string is broke, 

And, lighting on the tempting mite, 
The Oyster felt the stroke, 

That moment the enclosure snapt, 
And held him by the bill; 

No mouse was more securely trapt, 
That ever dar’d to steal. 


Now struck with horror and dismay, 
As well one might suppose, 

The fluttering Crow flew far away, 
With Oyster at its nose. 


_At length the fatal wound it told, 


That piere’d the Oyster’s side, 
And then, alas ! it lost its hold, 


And both fell down, aud died, T.F. 


STEPHENSIANA. 
No. VII. 


The late ALEXANDER STEPHENS, Esq. of Park House, Chelsea, devoted an active and 
well-spent life in the collection of Anecdotes of his contemporaries, and generally entered in a 
book the collections of the pussing day ;—these collections we have purchased, and ‘propose to 
present a svlection from them to our readers. As Editor of the Annual Obituary, and many 
other biographical works, the Author may probably have incorporated many of these scraps ; 
but the greater part are unpublished, and all stand alone as cabinet pictures of men and 
manners, worthy of a place in a literary miscellany, 

—— 


GENERAL TARLETON AND MRS. 
ROBINSON. 
RS. R. became attached to Ge- 
. neral (then Colonel) Tarleton 
shortly after his ‘arrival from Ame- 
rica, in consequence of their mutual 
fascinations. Lieut.-Coloncl. Tarleton 


broke off a marriage with Lady A.M... 


daughter of the Karl of D, . The sor- 


rows of sickness were alleviated by the 
kind and unceasing attentions of her 
anxious friend ; in whose cause she in 
some measure lost her own health, by 
travelling all night in an open carriage, 
to dohimapecuniary actot service. In 
her pursuit, after health, Colonel Tt. 
attended Mrs. R. abroady Sixteen 
years did this attachment subsist bo- 

: tween 


325 


tween them, and the fondest affection 
and inviolable constancy formed the 
links which united the chain. 


‘ VIRTUES OF THE MASS. 

[This manuscript was found about the year 
1770 at Burnham Abbey, in Bucking- 
hamshire, where it had been concealed 
ain the ceiling of a chamber, ] 

First, St. Austen saith, the virtue of 
the mass is more profit to him that 
heareth it, than if be wept all his lite 
days, and gave all his gocds in alms ; 
also that day he seeth the biessed 
body of Christ shall be given to him ne- 
eessary food: and idle words, and 
idle oaths, spoken or sworn, are for- 
given, and that day he shall not dye of 
mo sudden death; for, if a man sud- 
denly dye, it shall stand for his Jpugete. 

St. Gregory saith, the second vertue 
is, that the souls of them whom the 
hearer of the mass intendcth to pray 
for in time of the mass be saved from 
pain. * 

St. Bede saith, that the third verine 

is, that whatsoever a man doth or sayth 

that day is convenient for bis nature 
after the hearing of the mass than he is 
before. 

St. Chrysostom saith, the fourth ver- 
tue is, that a man in hearing of mass 
agreeth not, nor believeth not, but as 
Adam and Eve did before the eating of 
the tree of life, noder agrd ne synnyd. 
Also the children of Israel agreed not 
as long‘as they cat manna in desart, nor 
that food went never to digestion, and 
he shall not be deprived of his food. 

St. Powle saith, the fifth vertue is, 
that more availeth the bedd, or chicf 
prayer, that is to say, the mass is the 
prayer of Christ, and we be his mem- 
bers, therefore the mass more than all 
prayers availeth. 

St. Bernard saith, the sixth vertuc is, 
that ifa woman be with child, and de- 
youtly heareth the mass, if she travail 
that day shall have the less desease and 
payn in comparison. 

St. Matthew saith, that the seventh 
vertuc is, that a man which is penitent 
of bis sins, and devoutly heareth the 
mass, whatsoever he asketh rightfully 
it shall be granted to him. 

St. Anselem saith, the cighth vertue is, 
the Weps going or comming for to hear 
mass, be numbered of God, and shall 
be rewarded. 

. St. Bede saith, the ninth vertue is, 

that for every mass devoutly heard a 

sinner is converted, anda soul deli- 

vered out of pain, and also a rightfull 


Stephensiana— No. VII. 


[May 1, 
man fybylyd of his way of righteous- 
ness. 

St. Bede saith, the tenth vertue is, 
that a mass availeth more in a man’s 
life than a thousand after his death, and 
it ayaileth more for forgiveness of sin 
than any other prayer. 

St. Bede saith, the eleventh vertue 
is, that while the mass is saying the 
sins of them yt live and thatbe dead. 

St. Bede saith, that the twelfth ver- 
tue is, that the saying of a mass is’ as 
much in value. as the *** released 
death of Christ on the cross; for, as the 
death of Christ hath redeemed us from 
our sins, so saying of amass losseth and 
delivereth our souls from their pains ; 
therefore the mass should be gladly and 
devoutly heard, by the which a man 
may be healthfully saved, and the souls 
from their pains to be; delivered. 

St. Bede saith, that a priest, laying 
out of deadly sins, and in good pur- 
pose, if he say not his mass when he is 
disposed, he depriveth as much as is in 
him the blessed Trinity from his glory, 
the angels of heaven from their joy, and 
man labouring here on earth from their 
benefits and gifts of grace, and the 
souls that have departed abiding of 
their paines for yefens ; and, therefore, 
the worshipfull and reverend priests, 
whose order passes all other orders, 
remember this aforesaid to your laud 
and merit. A.D. MCCCCCXXXII. 


GARRICK TO COLMAN. 
Hampton, Tuesilay 30. 

Dear GeorGe,—The coach is ready 
to bring you here to-morrow morning, 
if you choose it; the earlier the better, 
because of the great heat. We will 
haye a very good breakfast ready for 
you at nine, and all things like a gen- 
tleman. Mr. Adam, to whom I have 
written a letter, perhaps will come 
with you; and, if you will pick up 
young Griffenhooff, at the laceman’s, 
(his unele,) the corner of Southampton- 
street, as you come along, the father 
wiil be obliged to you. Lf could wish 
you would speak to your boy, and like- 
wise to Mr. Adam, and settle’ your 
motions, and the time o£ setting off, 
and then all will be right. 

At my house, in Shade’ s room, there 
is a cloathes press, not the mahogany 
one, but the common one; the key of 
it is in the cupboard below the press, 
you will see it: on the third shelfvyou 
will see my new frock and waistcoat 
upon ii; 1 think there are no breeches, 
Pray let them ‘be wrapt up’ in’ baize, 

which 


1822.] 


which Patty will give you, and bring 
them without rumpling, or making 
them dirty, I will be obliged to you. 
Walker has had great sport this morn- 
ing; a very fine dish of fish—perch and 
gudgeons. Farewell till to-morrow. 
Your’s ever, 
D. GarRIck. 


COLMAN TO MACKLIN. 
November 18, 1773. 

Dear Sir,—I agree with you that 
there is the greatest reason to expect a 
tumult in the theatre. How far you 
have been instrumental in exciting it, 
the public alone must decide. To the 
decisions of that public the managers 
also must submit. Notwithstanding 
the spirit of the papers, the town as- 
sembled in the theatre are candid and 
benevolent; and I hope you will con- 
duct yourself in such a manner as may 
tend to manifest your regret at the 
disturbances that have already ariscn, 
without urging any thing that may 
offend any party whatever. 

J most sincerely wish you may be 
patiently heard, and well reccived. 

I am, sir, 
Your most obedient, humble, 
and very faithful servant, 
G. CoLMAN. 

Covent Garden, Wednesday. 


LETTER OF GAY THE POET. 
- Written when he was a Silk-mercer. 
London, Jan. 10, 1705. 

Coz. DENNIS,—I sent your bed away 
Jast Thursday sevennight, the carriage 
paid to Exon, directed to Mr. Atkeys, 
as you ordered. The bed comes to 
16/7. and with it L sent you an easy 
chair,* of the same as the bed, which 
wy mistress advised me, being very 
useful and fashionable: she hath made 
the best soit; it comes to 3/. I hope 
they will please you. I am at present 
much out of order. I have not heard 
as yet what the frames, that the bed 
and chair ave put up in, comes to; but 
I will not fail of giving an account. of 
every thing in a post or two, Iliave 
sent you herein the carrier’s note for 
the carriage. Pray tell coz. Richard 
Parmynter, that Mr. Rolles hath paid 


* The chair here spoken of is supposed 
to be one of the same sort, if not the very 
chair, 80 long retained by Gay’s family, 
and in the private drawer of which were 
recently found some of the poct’s manu- 
scripts, since published, under the title of 
“ Gay’s Chair,” 

Montuty Mac, No. 367. 


Stephensiana— No. VII. 


329 
me for his neckcioths. My service to 
all friends. ° 
I am, your loving friend, 
and humble servant, 
Joun Gay, 
To Mr. Nich. Denoys, merchant, 
in Barnstaple. 


SYCOPHANTS OF THE PRESS. 
Character of Henry the Highth, copied 
from a Publication of his Day. 

Froma rare publication, in the black 
letter of the fifteenth century, printed 
in the reign of the arbitrary Henry the 
Kighth, and which bears the following 
title :—“‘ OF THE VSE AND PROFITE OF 
HISTORIES,’—a character is given of 
that callous-hearted monarch in all the 
attractive hues of moral excellence, 
lauding, asa most faultless being, to the 
skies him of whom it has been most 
wisely and cuttingly remarked, that 
“such was the ferocity of his nature, 
that he was never known to spare woman 
in his lust, nor man in his anger,” and 
yet he is here introduced to the view 
of his subjects as the very pattern of 
immaculate virtue! After descanting 
on the wise mode of government of 
some of the ancient kings,—such as 
their “ defending their dominions from 
all outward hostilitie, and governing 
the same in true religion, welth, quiet- 
ness;” the sycophant adds, ‘in all 
whyche qualities our moste excellent, 
gracious prinee, Henry the liyght, 
hath excelled, and is an example to 
them all which shall succede, for in 
himaloneis coniested and heapedall the 
sundry good qualities of the auncient 
kynges, by which they obteined in so 
great renome,—which qualities he hath 
so practised in the gouernaunce of his 
realme, that I suppose there never was 
in any co monweale any noble prince 
and goucrnour which hath declared 
mo examples of wisdom, or shewed 
more benefites and pleasures to his 
countrey than his grace hath.” 


LETTER OF DR. MASKELYNE. 
From the Observatory on the South Side 
of Schehallien, July \8, 1774. 


Dear Sir,—I promised to write to 
you when J had got my instruments in 
order, and had weather for making 
observations. It is ‘now but a weck 
ago since I was first able to sce a star 
in the sector, (so bad has the weather 
been,) and I have yet had only one 
good day. ‘This, however, has enabled 
me to adjust the sector, and get it in 
the meridian ; and I am now ready to 

2T begin 


330 


begin making observations with it, 
whenever the weather will permit, 
which I haye good hopes of, as the 
clouds fly much higher than they did 
before, and I frequently see a good 
deal of blue sky. However, I hardly 
think I shall be able to finish my ob- 
servations on this side in less than a 
fortnight or three weeks. But this is 
quite a matter of uncertainty. After 
that I must remove myself and my 
instruments to the north side of the 
hill, and suppose it will take a fort- 
night to make that removal. I shall 
then endeavour to make the observa- 
tions on the north side; and, after all 
the astronomical work is finished, or 
rather during the removal of the instru- 
ments, shall measure the distance of the 
two stations of the observatory in feet, 
by trigonometrical operations. At 
present I am inclined to measure indi- 
rectly, by levelling directly across the 
hill, that is to say, up the south side, 
and down the north side. I shall be 
very glad to see you here, when it 
will be most agreeable to you; whe- 
ther now, or at the measurement of the 
distance of the stations. I have not 
heard when the Lord Privy Seal will 
come ; he at first proposed not to come 
till L was settled on the south side, but 
now I hear that he is expected every 
day at Casile Menzies. Col. Roy has 
been here, and been at top of the hill, 
and made many observations both with 
his barometers and quadrant, which 
will assist. in settling the height of 
many distant hills, as well as serve for 
trying the exactness of M.de Luc’s 
rules. 
I remain, dear sir, 
Your most obedient servant, 
NeEvit MASKELYNE. 
To Dr. James Lind, Edinburgh. 


CUSTOM-HOUSE ABSURDITIES. 
. Mr. N—, an American, related to 
me, with much good humour, the fol- 
lowing adventure, which happened to 
him on his arrival at the Custom-house 
at Dover, Mr. N. being an amateur 
of pictures, had brought with him a 
view of “ the Falls of Niagara,” which 
he had himself painted during his resi- 
dence at Canada. The size of the 
picture was about six square feet, and 
as the duty on painted canyas is rated 
at one gninea the foot, consequently 
the demand was six guineas. Mr. N. 
exclaimed against this charge for a 
picture of no yalue to any one but him- 


Stephensiana—No. VII. 


[May 1, 
self, and appealed to the Director of 
the Customs, who informed him that 
the regulation was positive, and he 
could not depart from it. Myr. N. stili 
complained of this exorbitant duty: 
“Very well, (said the Director,) I only 
know one way for you to avoid the 
payment of it; leave your picture here 
for six months; as you are the pro- 
prietor, no one will claim it: at the 
end of this period I shall put it up for 
sale; nobody will purchase this miser- 
able daub, which is certainly not 
worth six shillings, and you will then 
have it for nething!” With this advice 
Mr. N. thought proper to comply ; and, 
in due time, obtained his picture. 


EXTRACTS FROM MANUSCRIPT LETTERS 
OF THE GOOD DUCHESS OF SOMERSET 
TO MISS CATHERINE TALBOT. 

May 1744. 

This is my birth-day, which I never 
see a retum of without a mixture of 
the highest gratitude to God for the 
many blessings he has permitted me to 
enjoy during the years I have lived ; 
and of contrition when I reflect on the 
small progress I haye made, in so long 
a course of time, towards either being 
wiser or better. This last reflection 
would cast a heavy gloom upon my 
mind, if I had not a joyful hope in the 
merits and blood of Jesus Christ, which 
I hope I shall never let go; and then 
what can make me completely mise- 
rable! When even the sting of death 
is taken away, and the hand-writing 
which was against me nailed to the Cross. - 

Lord B. hopes to leave Geneva in 
less than a month. Mr. —— assures 
us he continues to conduct himself in 
the most reasonable and innocent man- 
ner, and is not in the least infiuenced 
by the example of some of his coun- 
trymen, who act very differently. 

ov. 11th. 

I will not make any apology for not 
having answered your obliging letter 
sooner, because I am sure you will 
attribute my silence to its true cause, 
my incapacity to express my thoughts, 
which are still under the most painful 
pressure, and [ seem in a manner be- 
numbed with grief, and unable to exert 
my faculties; but I hope the Father of 
Mercies will, in his own -good time, 
let his light shine upon me, and relieye 
me from the heavy load which I bow 
under at present. I do not repine or 
murmur, but acknowledge the justice, 
while I tremble beneath the aan of 

is 


1822.] 
His dispensation, and humbly confess 
that my sins have deserved far greater 
punishments than I suffer. Yet still 
I fear my submission is imperfect, 
since I cannot more cheerfully resign 
the happiness I possessed in the best 
of sons, and most valuable young crea- 
ture I ever saw. Yet his happiness, 
which I cannot doubt of, ought to stop 
the current of my tears, and direct my 
thoughts to that happy place, where I 
trust he rests with God, in full assu- 
rance of a joyful resurrection. . This 
is the point upon which I would fix 
my eyes; but, alas! my heavy heart 
sinks me in the dust, and too often 
earries my thoughts to contemplate the 
joy, the pride, the business of my life, 
mouldering in his coffin, and represents 
my loss with greater force, than the 
invisible joys which he partakes, to 
my imagination. Such is the frailty 
of this mortal state, where we see 
things through a glass darkly. I do 
not know whether our poor fellow- 
mourners are yet set out with their 
dear sad charge; if they ever arrive, 
they will find themselves independant, 
—a poor amends for their deplorable 
loss, but the only one we could make. 
Feb. 7, 1745. 

¥ cannot much affect my 
quict, since the sad loss I have sus- 
tained has at least had the good effect 
of completely weaning my heart from 
all the joys or sorrows which people 
feel from the enjoyment or disappoint- 
ment of worldly advantages.—A pain- 
fer in London has made a copy of dear 
Lord B.’s picture, and my poor lord is 
going to have a full-length by the same 
hand, to preserve to his family the re- 
semblance of what we had reason to 
hope would have donc them greater 
and more substantial honour than all 
their distinguished titles; but he is far 
happicr than this vain world could 
make him, and I ought cheerfully to 
submit to the awful decree of unerring 
wisdom and infinite mercy. Had he 
been capable of , like 
how much harder a task should I have 
found it to reconcile my heart to sce 
the darling hope of it make so despi- 
cable a figure, and betray so depraved 
an understanding, than to resign a vir- 
{uous and deserving child into the 
hands of his merciful Saviour ! 

I thank you for your good advice, 
and find, as you say, that the Bible is 
the best comforter. 


Aug, 23. 
-—--—You never need be apprehen- 


Stephensiana— No. VII, 


331 


sive that, by speaking on the subject 
of your last, you should renew an afflic- 
tion, which is eyer present to my 
mind; yet I bless God it is not so 
piercing as at the first, hefore my mind 
became habituated to the melancholy 
idea of never seeing in this world what 
was the dearest object of my eyes, and 
a constant support to me under eyery 
vexation. All things that I wished or 
designed centred in him; now I miss 
him in all, and [ believe it is the best 
situation forme. The earth has lost its 
strongest attraction, and therefore I 
hope [ shall leave it as a traveller does 
an indifferent inn, where he only took 
up a lodging to refresh himself, in 
order the better to pursue his journey 
the succeeding day ; and, if I can only 
go through the time which is allotted 
for my weary pilgrimage with inno- 
cence, I may hope that all my sorrow 
will end with it. “iy 

Poor W— supports his share better 
than I could have expected, and is a 
strong instance of the support religion 
affords even to the most tender and de- 
jected spirits. 

I am very glad they are at last safe 
arrived, but 1 own I dread the hour of 
meeting them. How different will it 
be from what I onée flattered myself! 
but I desire to submit, since the dis- 
pensations of a wise and merciful God 
must always be best for us, however 
repugnant to our weak and foolish 
wills. The dear son I lament is hap- 
pier than my fondest wishes or cares 
could make him, and I can only'live 
and die as he did. We shall not be 
parted long. a 

Sept. 1746. 

Our new walk is completed, and I 
flatter myself, if we live till May, you 
will think it an improvement. “Tis a 
little unaccountable that, after so fa- 
tally experiencing the transitoriness of 
every enjoyment below the stars, peo- 
ple can amuse themselves in beautify- 
ing any spot upon the earth ; but I look 
upon it as one of the particular dispo- 
sitions of Providence, since, if one were 
to moralize too closely, the conse- 
quence must be, sinking into a state of 
absolute inactivity, and suffermg every 
thing about one to run into ruins. We 
have still glorious weather, and I make 
use of it by walking every day, &c. 

I am now for the second time read- 
ing Dr. Lueas’s enquiry after happi- 
ness, which he plainly demonstrates 
can only be found in the calmness of a 
rcligious course of life. 

1 Written 


332 


Written by the Duchess in a severe 
Tliness, just after an Accession of 
Title and Fortune. 


You see that it hath pleased God to 
dash my outward prosperity with a 
painful illness ; but I hope I have re- 
ceived it without murmuring, or desiring 
ihe remoyal of it, till it has fulfilled the 
merciful design for which it was sent. 
If He had not scen the necessity of it, 
I know I should not have been visited 
with it; for He docs not afflict his poor 
sinful creatures for His pleasure, but 
for their profit ; and therefore 1 hope I 
can with truth say, [kiss the red and 
bless the power that smites me. I am 
every day more convinced of the ne- 
cessity of a Saviour, and that nothing 
icss than His merits and sufferings 
could farnish a glimpse of hope to such 
fallen degencrate creatures. 


Sept. 11, 1750. 

This is the anniversary of a day, 
which always must bring with it to me 
melancholy, though I hope not mur- 
muring, reflections; since, if I knew 
my own heart, it submits without re- 
pining to the all-wise and merciful dis- 
poser of life and death, for the more 
one sees how litt!e there is in this 
world worthy to attach us to it, or 
make us covet length of days, cither 
for ourselves or those we love, the 
more reason one finds to acquiesce un- 
der the loss of friends, and to be 
rather thankful when they are removed 
from the scenes of sorrow and snares 
of vice, which all are Hable to in this 
vale of tears. 

Jan. 1753. 

I have at present no company be- 
sides and , who go the end of 
this month; by that time the snow- 
drops and crocus’s will begin to peep 
in my. borders, which, by the help of a 
little work, sonie useful and entertain- 
ing books, writing to and receiving 
letters from my fricnds—I am _ not 
afraid will make solitude, 1 am ap- 
proaching to, appear half so formidable 
to me, as it sounds to those who had 


Novelties of Foreign Litcrature. 


[May 1, 


rather. bave bad company, than be 
forced to converse with themselves. 

{This exceJlent woman, . with birth, 
beauty, wit, fortune, splendid alliances, 
and an amiable family, suffered trials and 
afflictions of various sorts through her 
whole life. No advantages lessened at any 
time her humility, and no adversities over- 
came her resignation. She lived to July 7, 
1754 ; amid the most affecting losses, and, 
among others, the total loss of health, 
but was happy, active, beneficent, and 
diligent in the discharge of every social 
duty.] } 


LETTER OF LORD MELCOMBE. 

Dear Sin,—I am ashamed of, and 
very sorry for the depressed state of 
our country, and the representatives of 
it. If yon would have more done to 
awaken them, now that they are under 
the alarming circumstance of seeing 
a member of their own,* no way con- 
nected. with the army, taken from 
them by a military arrest, and under 
actual trial for his lifo, by a court mar- 
tial, I am at your service as far as my 
little powers extend. 

I am just going to La Trappe to 
forget it; but will Gf you command 
me) receive your orders in Solio- 
square, on Monday evening, or sooncr, 
if you think it necessary. 

I am, with the most affectionate respect, 

Your’s, &e. 
Georce DoppiNnGTon. 
Friday night, Feb, 29, 1728. 

*,* We are desired by a correspondent 
to state, that, having served with Lord 
Nelson afloat, and lived in his house on 
shore, Mr. Stephens’s account, giyen im 
page 526, of his lordship being “as impe- 
tuous in language as in gesture,—two or 
three times clapping his hand on his sword 
and once drawing it half out,” which must 
have been done with his left hand from his 
left side,—is extremely improbable. 


* This related to the affair of Lord G, 
Sackville’s trial, after having been dis- 
missed from the army. See Journal of 
House of Commons, 28th Feb. 1760. — Mr. 
Dodington spoke against the trial by court 
martial in this case. 


NOVELTIES OF F OREIGN LITERATURE. 


— 


é 

Constantinople and the Bosphorus, topo- 

raphically and historically described, 

é Joseph Von Hammer, 2 vol. 8vo. 
esth 1822. : 

O much has been written against the 

partition of Poland, that the Em- 


peror of Russia, who is a great coaxer of 


public opinion, has not bad the spirit to 
propose a partition of the ‘Turkish em- 
pire. Else the European sovercigns 
might easily have agreed on an expedi- 
ent subdivision, and, on the principle of 
co-extension, might cach have increased 
his share of territory, with obvious ad- 

vantage 


1322] 


_vantage to the interests of commerce, of 
literaturo, of | orderly government, of 
Christian ascendancy, and of permea- 
bility. © This lust quality of countries 
fis ‘not yet acknowledged as essential to 
good neighbourhood, in treatises of in- 
ternational Jaw. Yet, as in cases of do- 
mestic policy, we cut a turnpike-road, 
or a canal, through the domains of any 
proprietor who occupies the expedient 
line of dircetion ; so, in cases of forciza 
policy, it seems rational to provide, 
with or without the consent of the poli- 
tical owner, for tha free passage of Ict- 
ters, wares, travellers, and cven armies. 
The ‘Turkish and Chinese empires are 
both impervious; and, as such, ought, 
by the amphictyonic council of collec- 
tive soverciens, to be subjected to such 
juternal regulations as may be necessary 
to secure a general liberty of thorough- 
fare, For this purpose a wholly new 
executive power is become internally 
requisite, and a partition of the mass is 
an easicr form of remedy than a re-or- 
ganization of the whole in its integrity. 

Suppose France had taken possession 
of Egypt; England of the Holy Land ; 
Persia of Asia-Minor ; Russia of Walla- 
chia, Moldavia, and the Delta of the 
Danube; Austria of Bosnia, Croatia, 
Servia, and the southern bank of the 
Danube ; and that the Greeks had been 
assisted to found an independent mo- 
narchy, or republic, extending from 
the Macedonian Pyrenees to the Morea, 
and including the isles of the Archipe- 
lago: what power, what mass cf indivi- 
duals, any where would have suffered by 
the change? Only the Ottoman dynasty. 
The Turks, who could not have lived 
comfortably in European Greece, would 
have found in Asia-Minor an enlight- 
enced Mahometan sovereignty, and there 
have sought an asylum. — All the other 
provinces would have been annexed to 
governments amply competent to the 
wise direction of their resources. If 
Sweden, if Prussia, had complained of 
being omitted in the division of the 
spoil, Russia might have receded in fa- 
your of the one from part of Finland, in 
favour of the other from part of Poland, 
and might have reecived Adrianople 
and Constantinople as equivalent to such 
concessions, It shouid scem, there- 
fore, that a short summer’s armament 
might hayc hitched the printing presscs, 
and the connected civilization of modern 
Europe, to Cairo, to Jerusalem, to 
Antioch, to Constantinople, to Athens, 
and to Yassi. 

The cflects of such a change on Eurce 


Hammer's Constantinople and the Bosphorus, 


333 


pean policy in general would haye been 
highly advantageous. Franco, provided 
in Egypt with a drain for her exuberant 
population, would become less resiless 
and agitable, less apt to covet contigu- 
ous extension, less liable to the. con- 
guest-fever ; in short, a safer neighbour. 
England would explore and illustrate 
the religious antiquities of Palestine, and 
would establish along the Persian gulf 
an easy and rapid trallic with her Indian 
empire. Persia, again mistress of the 
territory once consolidaied as the Par- 
thian empire, would find the ancient 
seats of magnificeice again resuming 
their primzeval importance, Russia 
would transfer her metropolis to the 
coasts of the Euxine, would adopt the 
language and acquire the manners of a 
softer climate, and would condense a 
new civilization around Odessa, Cher- 
son, Bucharest, Galatz, and the other 
havens of a once inhospitable sea. 
This would change both the language 
and the spirit of the Russian cabinet, 
which would hencefo:th become a 
southern, not a northern power, and 
would suffer Sweden and Prussia gradu- 
ally to usurp on its Baltic ascendancy, 
and its snowy Arctic deserts. Austria, 
attracted lower down the Danube by the 
conyenicace of administration, would 
adopt Bada for a metropolis, Hunga- 
rian for the national language, and would 
insensibly relinquish that influence over 
the German empire which is new ex- 
erted with an illiberality so odious. 
The Greeks, a new force ia alliance 
with Russia, would probably choose 
Salonica for their seat of government; 
because the nature of nodern commerce 
eventually plants the largest town on 
the largest river; and, under the gui- 
dance of their superstitious priesthood, 
they would more closely emulate the 
Maccdonians of Saint. Paul, than. the 
Athenians of a prior period. Still this 
nation would acquire great marilime as- 
cendancy in the Mediterranean, would 
employ the piratical sailors now in. the 
service of the barbarians, and be able to 
suppress the irregular and buccancering 
spisit which renders the African havens 
rather formidable than useful. 

Tuis book of Mr. Hammer, though 
not directed to instigate a partition of 
Purkey, is well adapted to revive the 
inclination for such a diplomatic expe- 
riment, by the detailed description 
which it gives of the fascinating natural 
alvantages of the country, aud by the 
melancholy picture which it includes of 
its moral aud political disadvantages. 

Why 


334 


Why should the fairest of territories be 
allotted to the foulest of rulers? 

The first volume is divided into six 
sections, and seventy-two sub<divisions ; 
the second into five sections, and se- 
venty-three sub-divisions, which treat of 
the situation, climate, natural history, 
geographical distribution of the environs, 
and topographic peculiarities of Con- 
stantinople, of its suburbs, of the Euro- 
pean and Asiatic shores of the Bospho- 
rus, of Seutari, and the islands near, and 
of the different classes of inhabitants. A 
learned preface marshals and reviews 
the principal publications cf other tra- 
vellers concerning this most interesting 
district. 

As to the libraries of Constantinople, 
the following information occurs, which 
secms still to allow the indulgence of a 
hope that Greck manuscripts hitherto 
inedited may remain in being. 

Three clergymen, a French, an Italian, 
and an English one, the Abbé Sevin, 
the Abbate Toderini, and Dean Carlysle, 
chose, for the main object of their travels, 
the examination of the Seraglio library, 
without entirely realizing their hopes. The 
abbé was told that the ancient collection 
of manuscripts-had been burnt, the abbate 
obtained a catalogue of a library extant in 
the Seraglio, and the deau succeeded, 
through Lord Elgin’s protection, in obtain- 
ing a sight of the oriental library attached 
tothe Mosk Bostanjamissi, in the garden 
near the kaven, in which, however, no 
trace was found of any Greek or Latin 
manuscripts, I[f the intelligence given to 
the Abbé Sevin, that the remaining Greek 
manuscripts had been burnt, if the inconsis- 
tent intelligence given to the French am- 
bassador Girardin, that they were sold at 
Pera, should prove groundless, and that 
there are stili any where some remains of 
the ancient library of the Greek emperors, 
they are not to be sought in the garden 
library visited by Carlysle, but ina library 
which exists in the inner seraylio; and in 
which, according to tae annals of the Turk- 
ish empire, all the books hitherto scattered 
in different parts of the palace were united 
and deposited.. As a passage so important 
to the history of the seraglio library es- 
caped the notice of the three clergymen, 
in consequence of their ignorance of the 
‘Turkish language, I here give a translation. 
‘C Whereas, until now, in the year of hedjra 
1158, (that is, 1718), varions costly books 
and manuscripts have been left abandoned 
tu dust and werms in the ancient chests 
and shrines, and are thereby exposed to 
oblivion and destruction, it has pleased his 
majesty the emperor, witii tie illumination 
of God, to order that the said books and 
manuscripts be collected and transferred 
‘to the imperial maer court, and that a 
library be there fitied up for the reception 


Novelties of Foreign Literature. 


[May 1, 
of the said volumes, and that the use 
thereof be conceded to ‘persons able to 
avail themselves of the same. Accord- 
ingly, in the month Rebiuleovel, the grand 
vizier, the mufti, the commanders of the 
land and sea forces, and others, were in- 
vited into the seraglio, when the emperor 
laid the first stone of the new repository, 
which deserves the prayers and blessings of 
the people,”—Vol. 1, p. 956. 

Now that the British ambassador is 
on such confidential terms with the 
Turkish emperor, it is much to be 
wished that our universities would de- 
pute proper persons to attempt a learned 
examination of thisselect library, founded 
in 1718. 

Not only all the other libraries, all 
the churches and mosks are described in 
detail ; but, the various passages in the 
Byzantine historians relative to their 
foundation, or to any ancedotes of which 
they were the scene, are cited with a 
pedantic profusion honourable to the 
learning and the patience of the author, 
but sometimes tedious, and sometimes 
iterative. Iu the enumeration of the 
fountains, hospitals, public wells, and 
other charitable institutions of Constan- 
tinople, it is observed of the lunatic 
asylum— 

One praiseworthy arrangement, which 
Enropean receptacles for the insane might 
imitate from the ‘Turkish, is, that a band 
of singers and musicians is always provided 
by the institute, in order to subdue by 
song and music the paroxysms of the in- 
sane, and to cheer up the spirits of the me- 
lancholy, ‘The cruelty of contining sound 
persons, under pretext of mental derange- 
ment, only occurs here in cases of apos- 
tacy. A renegade, who has embraced 
Moslemism, is liable to the ptinishment of 
death if he relapses; when this happens, 
the humanity of the mufti commonly gets 
the culprit declared insane. I saw, m 
Sultan Almed’s mad-house, two such per- 
sons who had avoided the halter of the 
apostate by putting on the fetter of the 
madman.—Vol, 1, p. 509.' 

In describing the tuverns, coffec- 
houses, and baths, it is observed, that 
they are much haunted by dancing: boys, 
ealled Koiskek, the extreme lascivions- 
ness of whose attitudes passes the limits 
of European decency. 

A. vast collection of inscriptions, both 
in the oriental and classical languages, 
opens the second yolume, and a close 
German trauslation is given of each. 
No department ef topography’ is omit- 
ted, and the compicteness' of the infor- 
mation on every topic is admirable. /In 
the cloister ‘of the’ Mevlevichane ‘is no- 
ficed the tomb of ‘a French adventarer, 
named Bonneval, who turned nes 
an 


1822.] 


and accepted the command of a regi- 
ment of bombardiers : he was succeeded 
by a Scotchman, named Campbell, who 
also deserted Christianity for Mahome- 
dism, and who is buried in the same 
place. 

A’palace built by Lord Elgin, at the 
expence of thle Levant Company, is de- 
seribed at page 127 as agreeably sitn- 
ate; and the Bujukdere is thus charac- 
terized at page 244. 

Bujuk, great, and Dere, valley, is the 
name given to a village on the western 
shore of the Bosphorus, where the Chris- 
tian ambassadors from Europe have gene- 
rally planted their country-houses, or sum- 
mer residences; it is the continuationland- 
ward of a great bay, and terminates in a 
woody height crowned by the aqueduct of 
Baghje.. The bay was called by the an- 
eients, Bathykolpos, which name is still 
given to the streamlet which there rns into 
the sea. The bay was also named by the 
ancients the Saronic, from Saron, a mari- 
time hero, to whom the people of Megara 
had on this spot erected an altar. 

The great valley, which, as a continua. 
tion of the bay, stretches inland nearly two 
leagnes, might as justly be called the beau- 
tiful valley ; and, indeed, it was formerly 
named xadoz aypos ; and, at a later period, 
the meadows, or Libadia, which simple de- 
nomiaation is still applied to the public 
walk. ‘The meadow at Bujukdere is uot 
less frequented than the cemeteries of 
Pera; and here, as well as there, Greeks 
and Armenians, Turks and Franks, meet 
in-a common walk, without therefore 
mingling with each other. On the lower 
part of the meadow, which for its beauty 
deserves this name by excellence, arises 
one. of the finest groups of trees along the 
Bosphorus, cousisting of seven planes, 
ealled Jedi Kardash, or the seven brethren, 
It is pretended that Godfrey of Bouillon 
encamped on this meadow with his cru- 
saders in 1096 ; but, itis not likely that they 
should have stationed themselves so incon- 
veniently, as they had determined to cross 
from Kosmidion to Chalcedon. 

The village of Bujukdere consists of a 
lower and an upper town; in the former 
are houses of Greeks, Armenians, and 
Turks ; and, ia the latter, the villas of Eu- 
ropean envoys, surrounded by spacious gar- 
dens. Among these may especially be 
distinguished that of the Russian ambas- 
sador, for its symmetric structure and 
lovely position. The garden of Baron 
Grossthal, perhaps, deserves the preference 
even over that of the Russian resident. 
‘These palaces and villas encircle a beauti- 
ful quay, to walk on which isa favourite 
pastime of the dwellers at Bujukdere. In 
clear moonlight nights, when the dark blue 
of the heayens confonnds itself with that 
of the Bosphorus, when the twinkling re- 

1 


Hammer’s Constantinople and the Bosphorus. 


335 


flection of the stars bespangles the phos- 
phorescent lustre of the sea, when boats 
laden with Greek singers and guitar play- 
ers are gliding along the coast, and the 
tepid night-wind wafts ashore the Tonian 
melodies, when the silence of the listeners 
is often attracted, or interrupted, by 
lenesque sub noctem susurros, the quay of 
Bujukdere deserves that enthusiasm of 
admiration with which it has so often been 
hailed. ‘ 
Bulgurlu is also described as a finc 
point of view; but objects interesting to 
the seuses and to the reminiscence 
abound atevery turn. After completing 
the description of Constantineple and 
its environs Mr. Hammer divides tho 
several curiosities into contiguous groups, 
and sketches a plan for sceing them in 


six days, allotting to the first days pere- 


grination one sct, to the second another, 
and so forth, The work closes with a 
sketch of the living phenomena: here 
is a portion of it. 

THE TURKS. _ 

Of pure Tartar descent, the Turks'still 
wear traces of the nomadic habits of their 
ancestors, which have not wholly given way 
to half a millennium of culture. Notneg- 
lected by nature as to heart or understand- 
ing, they are wholly so as to taste; in so 
much, that the fairest blossoms of Persian 
or Arabian poetry, when adopted or trans- 
planted by them, wither, or degenerate 
into extravagant sprawlings. Simple, up- 
right, temperate, grateful, but also rude, 
unpolished, rapacious, and indolent, the 
Turks unite some of the good properties of 
the nomade, with some of the imperfec- 
tions of semi-civilization, and are only cor- 
rupt when they are connected with the go- 
vernment, and vitiated by it. They form 
the greater half of the population of Con- 
stantinople. 

‘ THE ARABS. ; 

Mostly born in Egypt, the Arabs com- 
pose but a small portion of the population 
of Constantinople, and have chiefly settled 
there as ostlers, porters, or sellers of 
sherbet. By their thin meagre figure, by 
the violence of their motions, by the viva- 
city of thei: muscular action, they are dis- 
tinguished from all other nations of the 
east advantageously, as the mostlively, irri- 
table, and fiery, unmistakable sons of the 
desert, whose language, like the burning 
simoom, snorts from the throat, and hisses 
like a sword quitting its scabbard. Always 
talkative and noisy, their common conver- 
sation seems to be a continual strife and 
quarrel. Of the three principal virtues of 
the Arab, bounty, bravery, and eloquence, 
the last at least has become scarce amon 
them, and even'the two former often yiel 
to the spirit of great cities, to the selfish- 
ness of commence, and to the expediencies 
of advancement. To the ‘Turks they ap- 

r pear 


* 


336 


pear but as a laughable caricature, as the 
Italians appear to the northern nations of 
Europe. 

TIE PERSIANS. 

Of these there are so few at Constanti- 
nople that their existence disappears in the 
crowd, and any nice. characterization is 
hardly possible from the few specimens 
of observation. They are chiefly mer- 
chants, or dervizes, intent on gain, the one 
by ecommerce, the other by begging. As 
Shuis, or heretics, they cannot lift up their 
heads, and are more hated by the fanatical 
Sunnis, or orthodox, than even the Jews; 
for the Turks have a proverb, that, at the 
last day, the Persians shall serve as asses 
for the Jews to ride to hell upon. Thus 
treated, no wonder they have recourse to 
that lying and cheating of which they are 
frequently accused. 

THE JEWS. 

The curse of reprobation with which 
this nation has more or less been smitten 
the whole world through, lies no where so 
heavy upon them as in the Turkish empire, 
where they are not only exposed to the ill 
usage of the domineering party, butalso to 
the scorn and insult of Christian slaves. 
Christian boys tease the Jews with inipu- 
nity, especially in the holy week, when 
they no more dare shew themselves than a 
Sunni in Persia during the anniversary of 
Hussein’s funeral, An idea may be formed 
of the low estimation in which Jews are 
held, from this circumstance, that a Jew, 
who wishes to turn Moslem, is never re- 
ecived immediately into the faith of Islam, 
but must first get baptized by the Chris- 
tians, and is thence admitted, as from a 
higher degree of nobility, into the honours 
of the true faith. No wonder, therefore, 
that the Jews form the dregs of the popu- 
lation; they are mostly Caraites, 

: THE ARMENIANS. 

The relation of descent and language, 
which allies the Jew to the Arab, the 
Greek to the Persian, and the Armenian 
to the Turk, is in nothing more visible 
than in its being peculiar to the Armenian 
to nee: and pronounce properly the 
Turkish language, which the Arab, the 
Persian, the Greck, or the Jew, cannot ac- 
complish. Industry, perseverance, tem- 


Proceedings of Public Societies. 


[May 1, 
perance, are praiseworthy characters of 
the Armenians; but, on the other hand, 
they betray marks of coarseness, impu- 
dence, and tastelessness. ‘Phe Turk -for- 
gives to the Persian his coarseness, and to 
the Greek his impudence, and requires fo r- 
giveness for his own tastelessness; but, for 
true cynical shamelessness, he is surpassed 
by the Armenian. 
THE GREEKS. 

In the gallery of natural characters the 
modern Greek has recently Been painted 
so often, that a new votive tablet needs 
not be hung up; let me, however, add 
a couple of traits, namely, that the Greek, 
notwithstanding the pressare of his chains, 
and the progressive deterioration of centu- 
ties of slavery, still conceals under the 
ashes the intellectual quickness and free 
spirit of his forefathers, and that his eha- 
racter is a mixture of glittering tendencies 
and dark weaknesses, as exhibited in the 
Byzantine history. ‘Taste, and quick deli- 
cacy of perception, have been inherited 
without diminution ; and to this, perhaps, 
is to be ascribed that tendency to cunning, 
slyness, perfidy, and stratagem, which 
cannot be wholly denied to them.—Vol. 2, 
p- 388. 

On the whole, this account of Con- 
stantinople is the mostcomplete deserip- 
tion extant, and deserves the consultae- 
tion of the antiquary, of the traveller, 
and of the statesman: it isan honour to 
Austrian literature, and a contribution 
to European instruction. 

Those blundering pacificators of the 
world, who set up a kingdom of the 
Netherlands in order to depriye us 
of Java and Surinam, and in order 
to secure to France a resumption at 
pleasure of Belgium and Holland, will 
not know bow to avail themselyes ad- 
vantageously of the approaching dis- 
meniberment of the ‘Turkish empire. 
But, from the statement here made of 
its misgovernment and capabilitics, the 
eye of philanthropy may view without 
regret a new distribution of its fragments 
among sovereigns of a more enlightened 
character. ' 


PROCEEDINGS OF PUBLIC SOCIETIES. 


—— a 


AFRICAN INSTITUTION. 
as Society lately published its fif- 
teenth report; and, although it 
was convicted of partiality and negli- 
gence by Dr. Thorpe, yet it continues 
to be an interesting and promising as- 
sociation, and we have great pleasure 
in bringing its important proceedings 

under the notice of our readers. 
Fourteen years, say the directors, 


have now elapsed since the Bill for the 
Abolition of the Slave Trade became an 
Act of the Imperial Parliament of 
Great Britain; but, it having been 
found, however, that the penalties of 
that Act were not suflicient to deter 
British subjects from continuing the 
slave trade, parliament, in the year 
1811, enacted that every British sub- 
ject, and every person residing within 

; the 


1822.] 


theBritish dominions,who should in any- 
wise be concerned in the slave-trade, 
should be deemed a felon, and might be 
punished by transportation, fer a term 
not exceeding fourteen years ; and thus 
the: British law at present’ remains. 
This Act tended greatly to restrain, if 
not to extinguish, except in the Isle of 
France, the British slave-trade; and, 
whilst the nation continued at war, the 
slave trade of other states was also 
much diminished; so that Africa was for 
a time relieved in a considerable de- 
gree from the desolating effects of this 
traffic. 

But the return of peace to Europe, 
having put an end to the belligerent 
right of search, was the signal for an 
extensive revival of the slave trade in 
Africa, accompanied with more than its 
usual miseries. 

France and the Netherlands were, 
howeyer, prevailed upon to sign trea- 
ties stipulating for the total and imme- 
diate abolition of this trade. The re- 
sult of the efforts used with Spain and 
Portugal was not so favourable. Both 
these powers, however, agreed forth- 
with to confine their slave-trade within 
certain specified limits. Portugal still 
refused to fix any precise period for the 
final abandonment of it; but Spain 
consented totally to abolish it from the 
30th of May, 1820, five months being 
allowed for completing the voyages that 
might have been commenced prior to 
that period. 

Notwithstanding the stipulations en- 
tered into by France for the abolition 
of the slave-trade, the directors have 
had the painful duty, year after year, 
of exhibiting to the Institution nu- 
merous and irrefragable proofs of the 
continuance of this traffic by the sub- 
jects of that kingdom. They are much 
concerned to say, that the account 
which they have now to render of the 
state of the French slave-trade is even 
more afilicting than any which has 
preceded it. Indeed, so multipliedand 
so flagrant have been of late the viola- 
tions of the French law on this subject ; 
to such an extent, and with such im- 
punity, has this trade been carried on, 
almost without the affectation of dis- 
guise; that the evil, practically speak- 
ing, could scarcely have been greater 
had it been actually tolerated by the 
government of France. . 

The statements. thus made are con- 
firmed by the circumstances developed 
in the case of a French slave-ship 
called the Sylph, detained : by his 

MontuL_y Mac. No, 367. 


African Institution. 


337 
majesty’s sloop Redwing, Captain 
Hunn, and brought into Sierra Leone, 
on the 10th February 1819, with 364 
slaves on-board. From the examina- 
tions which took place on that occa- 
sion, it appeared that when Captain 
Hunn fell in with the Syliph, in latitude 
7 deg. 50 min. north, and longitude 16 
deg. 30 min. west, she had béen fifty- 
one days at sea from Bonny, where she 
had taken in 888 slaves: twenty died 
before her detention, and four after- 
wards. It also appeared, that she was 
bound to Guadaloupe, where the traffic 
in slaves was stated to be carricd on 
with scarcely any reserve. 

Another case, that of a ship called 
Le Rodeur, whilst it proves the little 
risk that is run by French subjects in 
carrying on the slave trade, furnishes 
also a most striking exemplification of 
some of the worst horrors which attend 
the Middle Passage.—‘‘The ship Le 
Rodeur, Captain B , of two 
hundred tons burden, left Havre’ the 
24th of January, 1819, for the coast of 
Africa, and reached her destination the 
14th of March following, anclioring at 
Bonny in the river Calabar. The crew, 
consisting of twenty-two men, enjoyed 
good health during the outward voy- 
age, and during-their stay at Bonny, 
where they continued till the 6th.of 
April. They had observed no trace of 
ophthalmia among the natives; and it 
was not until fifteen days after they 
had set sail on the return voyage, and 
the vessel was near the equator, that 
they perceived the first symptoms of 
this frightful malady. It was then re- 
marked, that the negroes, who, to the 
number of one hundred and sixty, were 
crowded together in the hold, and be- 
tween the decks, had contracied a 
considerable redness of the eyes, which 
spread with singular rapidity. .No 
great attention was at. first paid to 
these symptoms, which werethought to 
be caused only by the want of air in 
the hold, and by the scarcity of water 
which had already begun tobe felt. At 
this time they were limited to cight 
ounces of water a day for cach person, 
which quantity was afterwards reduced 
to the half of a wine glass. By the ad- 
vice of M. Maignan, the surgeon of the 
ship, the negroes, who had hitherto re- 
mained shut up in the hold, were 
brought upon deck in succession, in 
order that they might breathe a purer 
air. Butit became necessary to aban- 
don this expedient, salutary as it was, 
because many of those negroes, affected 

2U with 


338 


with nostalgia (i. €. A PASSIONATE DB- 
SIRE TO REVISIT THEIR NATIVE LAND) 
threw themselves into the sea, loched in 
each other’s arms. 

The disease which had spread itself 
so rapidly and frightfully among the 
Africans, soon began to infect all on- 
board, and to, create alarms for the 
crew. The sufferings of the people, 
and the number of the blind aug- 
mented every day; so that the crew-- 
previously alarmed by the apprehension 
of a revolt among the negroes, were 
seized with the farther dread of not 
being able to make the West Indies, if 
the only sailor who had hitherto es- 
caped the contagion, and on whom 
their whole hope rested, should become 
blind like the rest.* The Rodeur 
reached Guadaloupe on the 21st of 
June, 1819, her crew being in a most 
deplorable condition. Threedays after 
her arrival, the only man who, during 
the voyage, had withstood the influence 
of the contagion, was seized with the 
same malady, Of the negroes, thirty- 
nine had become perfectly blind, 
twelve had lost an eye, and fourteen 
were affected with blemishes more or 
less considerable. Of the crew, twelve 
lost their sight entirely, among whom 
was the surgeon ; five became blind of 
one eye, one of them bein; the captain ; 
and four were partially injured, 

It is stated among othor things, that 
the captain caused several of the ne- 
groes who were prevented iv the at- 
tempt to throw themselves overboard, 
to be shot and hung, in the hope that 
the example might deter the rest from 
a similar conduct. But even this se- 
verity proved unavailing, and it became 
necessary to confine the slaves entirely 
to the hold during the remainder of the 
voyage. It is further stated, that up- 
wards of thirty of the slaves who be- 
came blind were thrown into the sea 
and drowned, upon the principle that, 
had they been landed at Guadaloupe, 
no one would have bought them, and 


* This calamity had actually befallen 
the Leon, .a Spanish vessel which the Ro- 
deur met with on her passage, and the 
whole of whose crew, having become blind, 
were under the necessity of altogether 
abandoning the direction of their ship. 
They entreated the charitable interference 
of the Rodeur; but the seamen of this 
vessel could not either quit her to go, on- 
board the Leon, on account of the cargo 
of negroes, nor receive the crew of the 
Leon on-board the Rodeur, in which there 
was scarcely room for themselves, 


Proceedings of Public Societies. 


[May 1, 
that the proprietors would conse- 
quently have incurred the expense of 
maintaining them, without the cliance 
of any return! 

The Rodeuwr having afterwards re- 
tured to Havre, was refitted by the 
same owners, and dispatched early in 
the last year on a second slave voyage ; 
and the command of her has been given 
to the same captain who had her in 
charge on the former voyage ! 

In 1820 the French slave-trade had 
swelled to a more enormous extent 
than at any former period.* During 
the first six or seven months of that 
year, the coast of Africa is described as 
having actually swarmed with French 
slave-ships. The French flag is ea- 
gerly sought after, not only by Spa- 
niards, but by Americans and Portu- 
guese, in order to protect their criminal 
traflic, it being the opprobrious dis- 
tinction of France, that her flag alone 
can now be safely resorted to for the 
protection of slave-ships to the norih- 
ward of the equator. ‘ 

On the 4th of March, 1820, after a 
long chase, a vessel was boarded by the 
boats of his majesty’s ship Tartar, com- 
manded by Sir George Collier, which 
proved to be la Jeune Estelle, of 
Martinique, M. ——-—— master... On 
being boarded he declared he had been 
plundered of his slaves, and that none 
remained on-board. His agitationand 
alarm however excited suspicion, and 
led to an examination of the yessel’s 
hold. During this examination a sai- 
lor, who struck a cask which was 
tightly closed up, heard a faint voice 
issue from it, as of a creature expiring. 
The cask was immediately opened, 
when two girls of about twelve or four- 
teen years of age, in the last stage of 
suffocation, were found to be inclosed 
in it, and by this providential interpo- 
sition. were probably rescued from a 
miserable death. Sir George Collier, 
conceiving that other slaves might still 
be secreted, ordered a fresh search. 
The result was, that a negro man Was 
rescued from death. A platform of 
loose boards had been raised on. the 
water-casks of the yessel, so as to form 
an entre-pont, or between-decks, of 
twenty-three inches in height, which 
was the only space allotted for the ac- 
commodation of this unfortunate cargo 
of human. beings. .. Beneath this plat- 


* That is, under that pious. member. of 
the holy alliance, Louis, by the grace of 
God, his most Christian Majesty! 

form, 


1822. ] 


form, one of the boards resting on his 
body, jammed between two water- 
casks, appeared the above wretched in- 
dividual, whom it was a matter of as- 
tonishment to find alive.’ 

“It was recollected with horror by the 
officers of the Tartar, that, when they 
first began the chase of La Jeune 
Estelle, ‘they had seen several casks 
Hoating past them, in which they now 
suspected that these wretched beings 
might have been enclosed, having been 
thrown overboard to elude the detec- 
tion of his proceedings. 

Since the British establishment of 
Bathurst was formed on the island of 
St. Mary’s, near the mouth of the 
Gambia, no French vessel has been al- 
lowed to enter or leave the river with- 
out undergoing an examination. Not- 
withstanding ihis restriction, however, 
a very considerable slave-trade is car- 
ried on by the French factors of Al- 
breda throughout the whole length of 
the river Gambia. Yor, although the 
authorities at Bathurst do not permit 
any vessel with slaves on-board to pass 
that settlement, yet they are carried in 
canoes to the left bank of the river, and 
thence conveyed by land to Cacho or 
Cazamens, whence they are shipped for 
the West Indies. By these means the 
whole of that noble river, which would 
otherwise be entirely free from this 
traffic, is from one end to the other of 
its navigable course, exceeding 1000 
miles, made the scene of the atrocities 
of the slave-trade ; and thus not only is 
the progress of civilization and improve 
ment in that fertile region retarded, and 
the natives prevented from pursuing a 
course of peaceful industry, and bene- 
ficial intercourse, but wars are excited 
amongst them, and the surrounding 
districts are involved in depredation 
and blood. 

Enough has been said to shew the 
enormous extent to which the slave- 
trade is carried on under the French 
flag, not only from Senegal and Goree, 
but along the whole extent of the Afri- 
can coast, for the supply of the colonies 
both of Vrance and of other powers. 
If it were necessary, this point might be 
further proved by almost daily occur- 
rences in different ports of France it- 
self, where associations are formed 
with little or uo disguise, and vessels 
fitted out for the prosecution of this ne- 
farious traffic. ~These ships are known 
to have’ several times completed and 
tenewed their atrocious enterprizes, 


African Institution. 339 


without the smallest molestation or 
difficulty. 

The directors have ‘not failed to 
communicate these painful facts to 
his majesty’s government; and they 
know that strong representations have 
been made on the subject to the go- 
vernment of France; with what effect 
remains to be seen. In the month of 
June last, the minister of the marine 
announced, in the Chamber of Deputies, 
his intention of proposing a further 
enactment to render the Abolition ef- 
fectual; and the directors have learnt 
that a promise to the same effect was 
actually made to our government. 

The vast extent to which the slave- 
trade on the west coast of Africa con- 
tinues to be carricd on, is further 
proved, by accounts received from the 
river Bonny. During the above period 
of five or six months, 120 sail of French, 
Spanish, and Portuguese vessels had 
visited the river for the purpose of pro- 
curing slaves. The French flag is also 
prostituted to the protection of the Spa- 
nish slave-trade, which has now ceased 
to have any legal existence. This fact 
is confirmed by recent intelligence from 
the Havannah, which represents the 
slave-trade there as ina very flourishing 
state, and as chiefly carried on under 
the flag of France. 

A flagrant instance of the barbarities 
which a familiarity with the slave-trade 
has a tendency to produce, recently oc- 
curred in the case of a Portuguese 
vessel called the Volcano do Sul. She 
was captured by his majesty’s ship 
Pheasant, with 260 slaves on-board ; 
and, in the Passage to Sierra Leone, 
her captain and crew rose upon the 
British officer and sailors, murdered 
them all, and then carried the vessel 
into Bahia, where the slaves were 
landed and sold. 

The directors derive great satisfac- 
tion from being enabled to state to the 
meeting, that the colony of Sierra 
Leone continues ina state of progres- 
sive improvement. The total amount 
of the population of the colony, on the 
8th of July 1820, was 12,521, giving an 
inerease, since a former census in De- 
cember 1818, of 2956 persons, including 
943 liberated Africans landed at Sierra 
Leone from slave-vessels, eighty-five 
persons sent thither from’ Barbadoes, 
and the discharged soldiers of two 
West-India regiments, and of the Royal 
African ‘corps, amounting with their 
families to 1030 individuals. 

’ Accounts 


340 


Accounts received from Antigua 
state that, in consequence of the bene- 
volent exertions of some individuals, 
subscriptions had been raised in the 
town of St. John’s (the capital of the 
island), sufficient to enable the Com- 
mittee of the Wesleyan Sunday-school 
Institution to erect, at Parham Town, 
a school-house caculated to hold 1000 
scholars. 'This school, it appears, was 
opened towards the middle of the last 
year, with about 700 slave children 
from estates adjacent to the town. 
There are besides two Sunday-schools 
established in St. John’s, connected with 
the Parham school, and one at East 
Harbour independent of it. 

An American squadron has been sta- 
tioned on the coast of Africa for the 
purpose of seizing and bringing to adju- 


Literary and Critical Proémium, 


[May 1, 
dication such American vessels as may 
be found violating their Abolition 
Laws. With respect to the plan of 
planting a colony in Africa with free 
blacks from the United States, the 
hopes of success of the American So- 
ciety have led them to form the project 
of an establishment on an .extensive 
scale. 

It deserves to be recorded, that the 
praise-worthy exertions of this associa- 
tion are made out of funds not ex- 
ceeding 600]. per annum! No society 
in the whole world better deserves 
liberal subscriptions and rich legacies; 
and, in being its active president, the 
Duke of Gloucester derives more real 
honour than he could enjoy from sitting 
on the most powerful throne. 


NEW BOOKS PUBLISHED IN APRIL: 


WITH AN HISTORICAL AND CRITICAL PROEMIUM. 


—— 
Authors or Publishers, desirous of seeing an early notice of their Worke, are 
requested to transmit copies before the 18th of the Month. 


= 
"PRE founders of the family of the 


Medici, respecting whom so much 
interest has been excited in this country 
by the well-known works of Mr. Roscoe, 
have been animadverted on, with much 
harshness, by later writers, and particu- 
larly by M. de Sismondi, whose statements 
and opinions are altogether at variance 
with those of the English biographer. In 
defence of the subjects of his history, and 
of his own views of their character and 
conduct, Mr. Roscoe has just published, 
illustrations of the Life of Lorenzo de’ 
Medici, in which he enters fully into the 
questions raised by his opponents; and 
contends with great force, and, we think 
very successfully, that he has neither ex- 
aggerated. the exploits and personal qua- 
lities of his hero, nor been induced, by a 
natural partiality, to conceal or modify 
the real situation which he occupied in the 
state. Besides this vindication of his own 
opinions and motives, Mr, Roscoe’s work 
discusses many topics arising out of his 
former volumes, on which it throws addi- 
tional light; and an appendix is subjoined, 
containing several original and important 
documents. We observe, in front of the 
volume, afine print of Lorenzo de’ Medici, 
from a bust by Michel Angelo, strongly 
expressive both of the energetic character 
of the. original, and of the transcendent 
powers of the sculptor. 

A new edition, has appeared, in four 
bulky. .volumes, of the late Professor 
Rosison’s, System of Mechanical Philo- 
sophy, which, the title-page says, contains 
notes by Dr, BREWwsTEeR; but for these 


the reader will search in vain. Perhaps a 
living name was deemed necessary to give 
currency to so dead a mass, recommended 
chiefly by wordy metaphysical disserta- 
tions, which generally end in nothing. We, 
however, give Dr. Robison credit for his 
clear exposition of the folly of using figu- 
rative terms as expressive of causes. He 
justifies these merely as descriptive of 
ultimate phenomena, as in attraction’ for 
drawing toward, and in repulsion for push- 
ing away; but he afterwards forgets him- 
self in regard to the planetary motions, the 
ultimate phenomena of which are circular 
motions; and then, instead of recognizing 
in his own nomenclature, a circular molive 
principle, as descriptive of the ultimate 
phenomena, he drops all his figures, and 
admits the monstrous incongruity of an 
attractive or deflecting central power, 
and a simultaneous rectilinear or tangental 
power.* From the horns of this dilemma 
his faith and his orthodoxy did not permit 
him 


* The subterfuge that terms only ex- 
press phenomena, holds only in regard to 
simple phenomena, and fails when it ap- 
plies to complex cases, in which the same 
terms express causes or powers acting in 
different directions. The terms then ex- 
press the sense in which they are univer- 
sally considered, and define causes and 
nothing else. The Newtonian reasoning 
proceeds thus,—the planets move, or 
would move, in’ straight lines, from which 
rectilinear motion they are deflected into 
curves by the attractive force of the sun : 

—all 


1822.| 


him to.escape, and Dr. Brewster has lent 
him as little aid here as elsewhere. Neither 
in the doctrines nor in the experiments .is 
much novelty discernible, and all kinds of 
supernatural, agencies, after some equi- 
vocation, are finally recognized. Thus he 
gtavely admits, (vol. 3, p. 132,) as evi- 
dences, that matter atiracts matier, the 
two vulgar wonders of Maskelyne and 
Cavendish, about the plummet and the 
lead-balls; although two bungs floating on 
water so much better shew the same thing, 
and the whole is so palpably caused by the 
partial interception of the atmospherie 
pressure on the near sides of the bodies. 
Dr. R. then tries to substitute deflecting 
force for gravitating force, and mutual 
defiection for mutual gravitation; but he 
forgets that he then assumes the reality of 
a prior ectilinear motion, and gets into a 
labyrinth ; while, in fact, all these sup- 
posed deflections are but actions and re- 
actions through a gazeous medium di- 
rectly as the masses; and, because diffused 
through a gaseous medium, inversely as the 
squares of the distances. He exults about 
the orbits of comets, but forgets that the 
impulses of the sun on the medium of 
space, create a cone of revolving matter, 
whose power is a maximum only in the 
plane of its motion ; that is, in or near the 
zodiac. Such would have heen mechunical 
philosophy; but the doctrines in these vo- 
lumes are worthy of the man who detected 
the conspiracy against social order; and 
those who believed in the latter are fully 
qualified to believe in the former. To 
such persons we recommend the book ; but 
in truth we wonder at the commercial har- 
dihood which could induce any speculating 
bookseller to print four such unwieldy 
tomes in the face of the succinct, though 
equally old fashioned and ill-founded, sys- 


—all hypothesis from beginning to end. 
There is no evidence whatever that the 
planets ever did or would move in straight 
lines, or that they possess any force be- 
yond that which produces their motion 
from minute to minute. Hence, there- 
fore, there is no necessity for the central 
attractive force to deflect that motion, 
which had no previous existence. Besides, 
the central force would, if it existed, 
produce a spiral:—oh no, (say the New- 
tonians,) the rectilinear force is always 
equal to itself, and competent to counter- 
act the other; and, though its direction 
varles every instant, yet in every new. di- 
rection its force is the same, What a mon- 
strous ny pothesis, and how Catholic must 
be the faith which can believe it! How 
much more simple is, the principle of 
action and re-action, diffused through the 
medium of Space in which the motions 
must be reciprocally as the masses, and the 


forces inyersely, as, the. squares. of the 
distances, 


Literary and Critical Proémium. 


341 


tems of Enfield and Playfair, and the well- 
written Lecteres of Young. 

While verbal critics have been. dis- 
puting and. disserting in regard to the 
antiquity of the Poems of Ossian, Mr. 
HuGu CAMPBELL has employed himself 
in visiting the district of country in which 
the events described in Ossian occurred ; 
and on the spot he made many unexpected 
discoveries, and verified, beyond contra- 
diction, the authenticity of these ancient 
productions. The site in which he iden- 
tifies all the scenery of Ossian is the north- 
east corner of Ireland, opposite Cantire, 
or the modern Antrim and Dowa, in which 
counties he has determined nearly a hun- 
dred localities alluded to in the Poems. 
Mr. Campbell has therefore published a 
new and authenticated edition of Ossian, 
with notes on the Poems; and an original 
dissertation, with a. map and views, which 
will set at rest for ever all further ques-' 
tions’ on this point. Ossian will, hence- 
forward, therefore be recognized as a le- 
gitimate classic, or a native British or 
Irish Homer; and Mr. Campbell, as his first 
and best editor. Mr. Campbell, however, 
with proper anxiety to confer perfection 
on this edition, has annexed the disserta- 
tions of Macpherson and Blair, thereby 
putting the purchaser in possession of all 
that he can desire on the subject. 

Journal of a Visit to some parts of 
Ethiopia, by GEORGE WADDINGTON, esq. 
Fellow of ‘Trinity College; and the Rev. 
BArNARv Hansury, of Jesus College, 
Cambridge. These gentlemen reached 
a great distance beyond tie second ca- 
taract of the Nile, in company with the 
Turkish army, which was then advancing 
on an expedition against the provinces 
above that place. The account of the 
maneceuvres and intrigues of the Maho- 
metan army, which this volume affords, 
would alone suffice to give it an original 
and amusing character, if it possessed no 
other merits. That is, however, by no 
means the ease. Several aiitiquities, hi- 
therto we believe unknown, were dis- 
covered and explored by the authors, who 
have made drawings and plans, illustrative 
of them: these are only tolerably litho- 
graphed, The style of the work’ is, as 
might be expected, extremely clear and 
elegant; and this Journal will, we doubt 
not, be highly esteemed’ by all lovers of 
Egyptian antiquity. It commences at the 
second cataract, where it also concludes 
on their return, and the reader’ thus 
escapes the fatigue of well-known recitals 
and descriptions, 

The publishers lave brought to a ‘con- 
clusion their Lines of Eminent Svotch 
Poets. The sixth and last number of this 
neat little work contains, besides’ several 
original lives; as in the former numbers, a 
supplement, composed of brief notices of 
minor poets, arranged ‘alphabetically; thus 

forming 


342 


forming a complete dictionary of the 
Scotch poets. One objection only we 
have to make to the execution’ of these 
volumes, but for that we have undoubtedly 
good grounds. We allude ‘to the evident 
insufficiency of claim to the title. of poet, 
and to the station which’ they here oc- 
cupy, which may fairly be alleged against 
the subjects of some, even of the longer 
essays. The publication of a few sonnets, 
or tolerable verses, cannot invest the au- 
thor with a right “to read his history in 
a nation’s eyes;” and the editor must be 
aware that those only ouglit te be admitted 
into a collection of this nature, whose com- 
positions already are, or at least ought to 
be well known to the public. 

A small and very useful work has lately 
been published by Mr. J. HARRISON 
CurTIs, in farther illustration of the treat- 
ment he employs for the Cure of Diseases of 
the Ear. The object of his book is to de- 
monstrate to the profession, that affections 
of this organ, like other diseases, will, for 
the most part, yield to scientific treatment. 
His cases of deaf and dumb are highly 
interesting, and reflect much credit on his 
perseverance, as he is unquestionably the 
first: medical character who has attempted 
to relieve thisimperfection. His example 
seems, indeed, to have actuated several 
eminent foreign physicians: among them, 
Dr. Jrarv, physician to the Royal In- 
stitution for the Deaf and Dumb, at Paris; 
and Dr. DeLeav and Dr. MatatTinpes, 
of Vienna. 

Old Stories, by Mtss SPENCE, have af- 
forded us much entertainment. This lady 
is particularly happy in the descriptive. Her 
character of the village landlady is natural 
and well drawn; and the village funeral 
is related with much feeling and pathos. 
The tournament in Chirk castle is excel- 
lent; the incident of the ring is perfectly 
original, and many of the sentiments are 
striking and beautiful. We much admired 
Madoce’s wild rhapsody, when he discovers 
himself; and the death-bed scene of Sir 
Humphrey Kynaston, in the last story. 
Miss Spence has certainly increased her 
literary reputation by Old Stories, and we 
recommend the perusal of them to our 
readers. 

An acquisition to science is gained by 
the publication of Mr. Jamieson’s Celestial 
Atlas. The only good works of the kind 
to which) the student in astronomy could 
heretofore refer, were the expensive, and 
therefore scarce, works of Bode and Flam- 
stead; and, though we have so many conve- 
nient geographical atlasses, we have yet 
had no celestial one adapted to general 
use till the present work appeared. Mr. 
Jamieson’s work is not, however, a mere 
collection: of barren charts, but his thirty 
divisions of the heavens are each accompa- 
nied by full and accurate disquisitions, 
historical, tabular, and scientific ; contain- 


Literary and Critical Proémium, 


[May 1, 
ing many amusing and instructive details, 
whicl’are no'wliere else to be found in our 
language.’ The engravings are neat and 
elegant, and° every ‘recorded’ star is laid 
down with evident care and accuracy. In 
short, we can conscientiously’ recommend 
this Atlas to schools and students, as well 
as to practical ‘astronomers; and its pabli- 
cation cannot fail to add to the number of 
those who successfully cultivate the most 
popular and sublime of all the sciences. 

A volume, called the Universal Traveller, 
has appeared within the month, which 
conveys to the public at large the substance 
of forty of those modern Travels in all 
Nations, which, from their costliness and 
bulk, have hitherto been limited to the in- 
accessible libraries of the wealthy. A 
work having such an object, executed with 
care and fidelity, and illustrated by one 
hundred effective engravings, is not only 
above criticism, but stands in no need of 
recommendation. The bare announcement 
of its title and design will be the means of its 
rapid distribution through every village of 
the empire, where it will first make known 
the names and publications of the travel- 
lers whose labours have supplied its con- 
tents. Many works of imaginary travels, 
filled with the conceits and fictions of the 
writers, have some years past been 
adopted in schools and families; but it 
would be an instance of incorrigible folly 
and perverseness to continue to prefer fic- 
tions to realities in seeking either amtse- 
ment or instruction. It is such voltimes as 
this which render the English people the 
most intelligent in the world. 

Messrs, Noet and La PLACE, professors 
in the University of Paris, having made a 
Selection from the Classic Authors of 
France; and their work having been 
adopted in that country like Blair’s Class 
Book or Enfield’s Speaker in England, it 
has been judged proper to reprint it in 
London for the use of students and French 
teachers. The original work is in two 
loosely printed octavos, but the London 
edition has been re-printed in duodecimo, 
with a selection only of the poetry, at 6s. 
The entire work is a valuable contribution 
to education, morals, and religion. 

The author of Headlong Hall, and of se- 
veral other well known and entertaining 
productions, has just added to them ano- 
ther very pleasant volume, entitled, Maid 
Marian, full of the same whimsical kind of 
satire and quaint humour with which his 
other works abound, Out of the venera- 
ble materials composing the ancient bal- 
lads and plays on the story of Robin 
Hood, he has chosen as much as suited his 
fancy, and, throwing in some well-imagined 
additions of his own, he has connected a 
tale, which, though the subject of it be 
more than thrice-told, is certainly hy no 
means tedious. We are to receive as au- 
thentic such of the old legends asrepresent 
‘Robin 


1822.] 


Robin to have been the outlawed Earl, of 
Huntingdon, and. Maid Marian is no.other 
than Matilda, the daughter of Baron Fitz- 
water, who, being betrothed to:the earl be- 
fore his expulsion, follows him faithfully 
into the greenwood, to partake his fallen 
estate. Friar Tuck is excellently personi- 
fied by Father Michael of Rabygill Abbey, 
“a joke-cracking,. bottle-cracking, skull- 
cracking friar,” who sings an excellent 
song, and excommunicates his enemies 
from venison and brawn. The snatches of 
songs, scattered through the pages, are 
turned with great spirit and cleverness, and 
contribute not a little to the exhilarating 
qualities of this very amusing volume. 

Some Passages in the Life of Mr, Adam 
Blair, Minister of the Gospel, at Cross- 
meikle, is altogether an extraordinary per- 
formance. From the deceptive title, sa- 
vouring so strongly of presbyterian plain- 
ness, we can expect nothing but the narra- 
tion of a quiet, homely life, not more ro- 
mantic than the biographies of David 
Hume or Dr. Adam Smith. But Adam 
Blair is a wolf in sheep’s clothing ; and the 
pious reader, while he aspires after sober 
edification, is unwarily entrapped into the 
perusal of a novel, high wrought, and en- 
thusiastic even to the pitch of Werber 
himself. Adam Blair, it is true, is a cler- 
gyman of the Kirk, but of a most moody, 
unruly, and impassioned character ; an ex- 
emplary Christian, but nevertheless giving 
their full swing to overheated fancies and 
hyper-sentimental feelings. This tone of 
exaggeration pervades the whole work, 
and diminishes the interest which Mr. 
Blair might otherwise have excited. With 
this abatement, the history of the minister 
of Cross-meikle is not a matter to be 
lightly deemed of. It abounds, not in in- 
cidents, for these are simple and few, but 
in eloquent and pathetic delineations of 
passion and character, which are, in some 
instances, worthy of the hand of a first-rate 
master. We recollect few scenes superior 
in impressive effect to that in which the un- 
happy minister is degraded from his cleyi- 
cal station ; and, as the penitence of his 
age atoned for the turbulence of his youth, 
so we dwell with much greater pleasure 
and sympathy on the latter portion of this 
curious story, whichis beautifully wrought, 
in a subdued and tranquil spirit, to its 
conclusion. 

We beg the attention of our readers, 
and particularly of those of the legal pro- 
fession, to a Letter. to the Burgesses of Col- 
chester, by D. W. HARVEY, esq. contain- 
ing a plain statement of the proceedings 
before the benchers of the Inner Temple, 
upon his application to be called to the 
bar, and upon his appeal to the judges, 
The public at large ave interested in. doing 
justice to the injured reputation of an. in- 
mi ge able, and honourable, man; and 
the members of the profession haye great 


Literary and Critical Proémium. 


343 


reason to be jealous of the exercise of 2 
power which can close at once upon them 
the avenue of fortune and fame, and ren- 
der nugatory the expenses and studies of 
years. To authorise the exertion of this 
authority, the delinquency ought to be 
flagrant and undeniable, and brought 
home to the offender by the clearest evi- 
dence. But, on the perusal of this pam- 
phlet, we are compelled, by a sense of 
Justice, to say that Mr. Harvey seems to 
have met the charges advanced against 
him in a most open, candid, and success- 
ful manner ; and nothing can exceed our 
surprize that, after such an examination 
as that here detailed, the doors of the 
Temple should have been thus closed upon 
Mr. Harvey. For the real causes to 
which his rejection is, in his opinion, to be 
attributed, we shall refer to Mr. Harvey’s 
own very interesting narrative. This we 
know, that, in his public capacity, that 
gentleman always took a prominent part 
in the exposure of oppression and abuses, 
and in the assertion of the rights and li- 
berties of his fellow subjects. Of an 
ardent and uncompromising character, 
his opinions, whether right or wrong, have 
been expressed with energy; andvit is 
often the lot of such dispositions to: pro- 
voke enmities, which a cooler temper 
would avoid, and to expose themselves to 
aspersions for acts of which they despise 
the very name. It is evident that the 
enemies of Mr. Harvey are powerful, and 
the calumnies with which he has: been 
assailed are heavy and numerous; and we 
are, for these reasons, anxious to give pub- 
licity to his present pamphlet ; from: the 
perusal of which we are satisfied that an 
impartial judge will rise with a conviction 
that the injuries inflicted on Mr. Harvey’s 
professionali prospects are as deep as they 
are unmerited. We freely admit that he 
has had to contend against unfortunate 
combinations of circumstances, and un- 
foreseen results of legal proceedings ; but 
any one, at all acquainted with the latter, 
must be aware that no human prudence 
can provide against the possible casualties 
of a trial. Sach circumstances as,\ on 
the first view, seem to bear against him, 
Mr. Harvey unravels in a manner per- 
fectly clear and. satisfactory ; and, whilst 
he is supported by the consciousness of. his 
own innocence, he may safely leave it to 
the lapse of time and force of truth to do 
him ultimate justice in) the eyes of his 
late constituents, and of his country. 

Two works, of Mr. Worpsworrn’s 
present themselves) to’ our notice this 
month, entitled, Memorials of a Four: on the 
Continent. in 1820, and Ecclesiastical 
Sketches, The former of these consists of 
poetical sketches, illustrative of) various 
objects, which, particularly «engaged: his 
attention ona tour through Fiance, Italy, 
and the Netherlands; amongst the ant id 

whic 


344 


which are, ‘‘ The Fish-women, on Janding 
at Calais,” to whom he dedicates a sonnet, 
Mr: Wordsworth’s: style: ‘is !known ‘to ‘be 
very peculiar and affected, but may ‘be 
applied to some subjects with great effect. 
He describes any trait of feeling or pathos 
with. peculiar force and; beauty. His 
“ Three Cottagers” we think adelightful 
piece, but we are; principally struck with 
the first part\ of ‘‘The Italian Itinerant 
and the Swiss goatherd.” It is an apos- 
trophe addressed to one of those poor 
Italians; who are.so frequently to be met 
with in our streets, taking leave, previous 
to his departure for this country, of his 
mother, sister, aud— 

“The maiden coy 
Thatwouldhave lov’d the bright-hair’d boy.” 


The poet exercises his prophetic powers, 
and foretells for the young wanderer— 

, ———“ A golden lot, 
Due recompense, and safe return 
To Como’s steeps—his happy bourne! 
Where he, aloft in garden glade, 
Shall tend, with his own dark-ey’d maid, 
The towering maize, and prop the twig 
That ill supports the luscious fig.” 
Of the Ecclesiastical Sketches our confined 
space will only allow us to say that they 
consist entirely of sonnets on various sub- 
jects, such as—Persecution—Saxon Clergy 
—Papal Abuses—Richard I.—Old Abbies 
—New Churches—The Liturgy, &c. &c. 
They, generally speaking, possess much 
less interest than the other work above 
referred to. 

It is with great pleasure that we call the 
attention of our readers to an important 
work, which has lately made its appear- 
ance, under the comprehensive title of— 
Europe, or a General Survey of the present 
Situation’ of the Principal Powers, with 
conjectures on their future Prospects ; by a 
Citizen of the United States. In all proba- 
bility the writer of this volume has assumed 
in his title-page the privileges of an 
American’ citizen as a nom de guerre, and 
indeed his style is by no means that of a 
transatlantic’ author. The view which he 
takes of the present state of Europe, (and 
a more’ interesting period has perhaps 
never existed in its annals,) is highly libe- 
ral, and we’ think in the main soundly phi- 
losophic.’ He coutends that the momen- 
tous changes which have been wrought 
within the last half century, in the political 
condition of almost all the kingdoms of 
Europe, have proceeded from none of 
those ‘temporary and local causes, to 
which the wishes of despots would’ gladly 
attribute them ; but have been induced by 
the operation of the great principles of 
enlightened freedom'and improved know- 
ledge which are still in progress, and from 
which our author anticipates still’ mightier 
effects. The chapter on Great Britain 
contains much valuable remark, with uo- 

9 


“< 


Literary and Critical Proémium. 


[May 1, 
thing, of. that, harsh spirit which has. been 
displayed by some of the American writers, 
when treating of ow institutions m eompa- 
rison; with their own. . Manby parts. of. this 
volume are written with, considerable 
eloquence. ittecxtomoncett! Renmaphoy! 
. Such of our readers as may-have,in eon- 
templation an excursion of pleasure-in, the 
approaching season, cannot do better than 
refer to A Picturesque Promenade-round 
Dorking, in Surrey, which: represents/the 
attractions of that beautiful portiow of the 
country in very alluring, and, we believe, 
very genuine colours. Exclusive of the 
charms of its scenery, this neighbourhood 
is rich in antiquities, and in, associations 
connected with its present, and: former in- 
habitants. The famous. critic;,John Den- 
nis, bore testimony ‘to . the. surpassing 
beauty of this district, and preferred: the 
view from Leith-bill, about six miles south 
of Dorking, to the prospect of the Val- 
darno from the Apennines, and .of Rome 
and the Mediterranean from the mountains 
of Viterbo. How few suspect that. a 
landscape entitled to such praise. as) this 
lies within half a day’s journey of the me- 
tropolis! Whoever may be tempted to 
make a personal survey of it, willefind a 
very intelligent and useful» guide in-this 
pleasing little volume, which. displays 
much industry and research, and»is-writ- 
ten in a style superior to that.of most 
works of this description. od onl? 

Mr. BERNARD Barton, who is known 
to the public as the author of many agree- 
able poems, has lately published another 
volume, entitled, Napoleon, and other 
Poems. This production will not, we 
think, add any thing to that reputation 
which Mr. Barton has so justly acquired; 
and we question whether it would not have 
been more prudent in him to have rested sa- 
tisfied with the laurels which he had already 
won than make an ineffectual attempt to 
snatch more. ‘‘ Napoleon” is’a sort’ of 
politico-religious poem, without much in: 
terest, written for the purpose of incul- 
cating those peaceable principles of which 
Napoleon was the friend, and which the 
Society, of which Mr. B. is a member, 
professes. The minor poems do ‘not, in 
our opinion, equal those which were con- 
tained in Mr. Barton’s last collection: 
There seem to be in the present volume 
more instances of prosaic expression, and 
a greater carelessness of style; than in his 
former volume. lay 

We can safely recommend to the notice 
of our juvenile readers a pleasant. little 
work, lately published, under the title of 
Confidential Memoirs, or Adventures of a 
Parrot, a Greyhound, a Cat, and a Monkey, 
by Mary Exuiott. This is not the 
authoress’s first appearance before the 
public ; and, judging both from her former 
productions and the present, we certainly 
think she is entitled to hold a empectable 
place 


1822.] 


place amongst a very useful class of 
writers. It will be perceived, by the title 
of the volume, that these tales are a sort 
of enlarged fables; and indced they pos- 
Sess in our eyes more interest than is 
usually found in compositions of that kind. 
The virtue of kindness towards animals is 
particularly enjoined, and occasionally, as 
in the “‘ Adventures of the Monkey,” con- 
siderable humour is displayed. 

We have a flourishing instance of ‘the 
most high and palmy state” to which the 
artof romance-writing has attained amongst 
the French, in the Renegade, translated 
from the original of M. LE VicomTE 
D’Artrincourt, which, in its native lan- 
guage, is running rapidly through succes- 
sive editions. For this extraordinary sue- 
cess we can perceive some temporary rea- 
sons, It contains, in the person of its hero, 
a mental and physiognomical portrait of 
Bonaparte; a little varied, but sufficiently 
like to leave no doubt of the identity ; and 
it is replete with allusions to the late inva- 
sion of France, and other political topics 
of recent occurrence. The execution is 
altogether in the French taste for display 
and theatrical effect. It ws the work of 
a mau of genius, and the translation has 
fallen into very competent hands. 

Amongst the innumerable volumes of 
poems which have issued this spring from 
the press, and which cover the counters of 
the booksellers— 


Thick as autumnal leaves which strew the 
brooks 
In Valombrosa ; 


a small collection of verses, under the 
title of, The Widow's Tule, and other Poems, 
by the author of “Ellen Fitzarthur,” 
claims a more particular notice. Though 
the writings of this author will not bear to 
be brought into close contact with those 
of the leading poets of the day, yet there 
is sufficient merit and beauty in them to 
rescue them from being confounded with 
those of that mass of wretched versifiers 
who annually teaze the press with their 
attempts. The style of these poems is 
certainly respectable, and they are calcu- 
lated to afford considerable pleasure in 
the perusal, We were more particularly 
gratified with the Dramatic Sketch at the 
end of the volume, which is written with 
great feeling and elegance. 

The English stranger will find every in- 
formation he can desire in An Historical 
Guide to Ancient and Modern Dublin, illus- 
trated by Engravings, after Drawings by 
George Petrie, esq. ; to which is annexed, a 
Plan of the City; by the Rey. G. N. 
Wricut, A.M. Unlike many of these 
local Guides, the style of which is gene- 
rally contemptible, this account of the city 
of Dublin is ably written; and, while it con- 
tains Many Curious particulars relating to 
the antiquities of the place, it is not want- 
ing in more useful information, The 


Mongury Mag, Ne, 567. 


List of New Publications in April. 


345 


plates are well executed, and are said, by 
persons acquainted with the public build- 
mgs of Dublin, to be very faithful repre- 
sentations. 
—— 
AGRICULTURE, 

A new System of National and Practical 

Agriculture; by R. Donald. 9s, 6d. 
ARCHITECTURE. 

Tracts on Vaults and Bridges, 8vo. 20s, 

Three Views, viz. the West Front, the 
Nave, and the Quoir, of the Cathedral 
Chnreh of Amiens, in colours; by Mr. C, 
Wild. gl. 12s. 6d. 

BIOGRAPHY, 

William Lilly's Memoirs of his own Life 
and Times, with twelve Portraits of emi- 
nent Astrologers, &c. 8vo. 19s, 6d. 

The Life of the late Thomas Coutts, 
esq. 6s. 

An Account of the Life and Writings 
of John Home, esq.; by H. M‘Kenzie, 
esq. F.R.S. 73, 

CLASSICS. 

An Inaugural Lecture delivered in the 
University of Glasgow; by D. K. Sandford, 
esq. A.B. Oxon. Professor of Greek. 9s. 6d. 

Demosthenis de Corona oratio Grace 
cum notis variorum, 6s, boards, 

DRAMA. : 

The Errors of Ecstasie, a Dramatic 
Poem; by George Darley. 2s. : 

Cataline, a ‘Tragedy, in five Acts, 8vo.; 
by the Rev. G. Croley. 8s. 6d. 

‘Fhe Court of Tuscany, a Tragedy. The 
Heir of Innes, a Tragedy, in five Acts; by 
F, Wright. 5s. 6d. 

EDUCATION. 

Are the English Youth sent to France 
as Colonists or Hostages? by C. Laisne, 
Professor of Languages. 1s. 

The French Remembrancer, or a new 
Method of recollecting the Genders of 
French Nouns. 8s. bound. 

Elements of Self-Improvement; by the 
Rey. I. Finch, 5s. 

Picturesque Travels in Asia, Africa, and 
America, containing-a description of the 
different countries, &c. 2 vols, 5s. 

The Child’s Manual of Devotion; by a 
Lady. 6d, 

Lecons Frangaises de Litterature et de 
Morale, ou Recueilen Prose et en Vers. 
Par M. Noel, Inspector-general de l’Uni- 
versité de Paris; et M. de la Place, Profes- 
seur d’Eloquence de l'Academie de Paris, 
12mo. 6s. bound. 

FINE ARTs. 

Observations on Leonardo da Vinci’s 
celebrated Picture of the Last Supper , by 
J. W. de Goethe. 4to. 15s. = 

GEOGRAPHY. 

A Dissertation on the ‘Topography of the 
Plain of Troy; by Charles Maclaren. 9s. 

A Statistical, Political, Mineralogical, 
and Modern Map of Italy; by J. A. 
Orgioze. 'The size of the map forty-six 
inches by twenty-seven. » 15s, 

An Account of the Abipones, an Eques- 

r 2X trian 


346 
trian People in the Interior. of South 
America; translated..from, the Latin. of 
Martin Dobrirhoffer, 3-vols, Byo. 365 

Statistical Account, of Upper, Canada ; 
by Robert Gourlay, 3 vols. 212s. 

HISTORY. 

Reminiscences ; by Charles Butler, esq. 

The History of the Destruction of Je- 
rusalem, as connected with the Scripture 
Prophecies; by the Rev. G, Wilkins, A.M. 
10s. 6d. 

Recollections and Reflections, Personal 
and Political, as connected with Public 
‘Affairs daring the Reign of George the 
Third; by John Nicholls, esq. 2 vols. 
19s. boards, 

MEDICINE. ~< 

‘A Pharmaceutical Guide, in two parts; 

by the anthor of the Student's Manual, 5s.6d. 


MINERALOGY. 
Conversations on Mineralogy, 
Plates, 2 yols.12mo, 14s. 


MISCELLANIES. 
Miscellaneous Works of the Right Hon. 
Henry Grattan. 8vo. 12s. 


NOVELS, TALES, AND ROMANCES, 

The Widow's Narrative, or History of 
Mary Nelson. 8vo. 4s. 6d. 

Tales of my Aunt Martha; containing 
the Laird, The Two Sisters, ‘The Chateau 
in La Vendée. 3 vols. 24s. 

The Honse of Ravenspur, a Romance; 
by Mrs. Jamieson. 4 vols. 24s. 

Blighted Ambition, or the Rise and Fall 
of the Earl of Somerset ; a Romance. 
3 vols, 11. 1s. 

The Guahiba, a Tale; by the Hon. and 
Rev, William Herbert. 8vo. 3s. 

The Lollards, a Vale, by the author of 
the Mystery. 3 vols: 12mo, 11. 1s, 

Graham Hamilton. 2 vols. 8vo: 16s. 

Maid Marian; by the author of Headlong 
Hall. 7s. 

Is n’t it Odd? 12mo. 

Memoits ofa Man of Fashion. 3 vols. 21s. 

Vargas, a Tale of Spain. 3 vols,42imo. 

Some Passages in the Life ef Mr. Adam 
Blair. 10s, 6d. 

PHYSIOLOGY. 

An Accoumt of the Fishes found in 
the River Ganges; by FE. Hamilton, 
M.D. F.R.S.L. Ato. 5k. 58. 

A Letter on the Reputed Immateriality 
of the Human Soul, being a, Vindication of 
Mr. Lawrence's work on Physiology. 3s. 

An: Enquiry into the Opinions, Ancient 
and. Modern, concerning Life and Orga- 
nization; by Joln Barclay, M,D. 14s. 

~ .. POETRY. 

The Entire Poems of Ossian, revised, 
illustrated, and authenticated by Visits to 
the Scites described, and by laborious In- 
vestigations made on the Spot; by Hugh 
Campbell, esq. F.A.s.' In two volumes, 
royal 12mo. illustrated with a Map of the 
Celtic Kingdom of Connor, the Scite of the 
Events, and with. Engravings of Carrick- 
fergus Castle, the Tura of Ossian, the Hill 


with 


wee of New Publications in Apr il, 


- Hon. Fred, Robinson. 


[May 1, 
of Cromla, and the Lake fi Lego, price i}. 
in boards. 

Julian, the Apostate 3, a draina tic Fase 
By Sir Aubrey de Vere Hu nt, bart. Byo. 

Love ; a Poem, in three Parts, ‘0 which 
is added, The Giaour, a cm Poem 
By the Author of Peter Faultless, Bvo, 

. The Bridal of Caolchairn, and ‘Other 
Poems; by J. H. Allan, esq. 12s... 

‘The. Banks of Tamar, a Poém, with 
other pieces ; byN.'T. Carington, 68, bds. 


Poetical Essays; by A. J. Mason, 
embellished with eleven engravings on 
wood. 6s. 


Johnny Quz Genus, the Foundling ; by 
the author of Three Tours of Dr, Syntax. 
1s, 1s. 

Genuine Remains of Samuel Butler, with 
portraits and plates. vol. 1, 8vo. 9s. 

The Last Days of Her culanenm ; Abra- 
drates and Panthea; poems: by Rdward 
Atherstone, esq. 8v0. 5s. 

Maid of Orleans, or La Pucelle, of 
Voltaire, translated, with Notes; by W. H. 
Ireland. 18s. 

Ecclesiastical Sketches in Verse. 68. 6d. 
boards. 

POLITICS AND POLITICAL ECONOMY. 

A few Days in Athens, being the Trans- 
lation of a Greek Manuscript discovered 
at Herculaneum; by Mrs, Wright. 5s. 64. 

Letter from an [nish Dignitary {o an 
English Gentleman, on the subject of 
Trish Tythes. 2s. 6d. 

An Essay on the Tythe System, ‘its 
Advantages and Disadvantages. 1s. 

Letters of Hierophilos to the English 
People, on the Moral and Political State 
of Ireland. 5s. 

Revolutionary Causes, with a Brief 
Notice of some late Publications, 3s. 6d. 

Suggestions for the Abolition of the 
present System of Impressment in the 
Naval Service; by Captain Marryat, 
R.N. 2s. 6d. 

The Speech of the Earl of Liyerpool ony 
Agricultural Distress. 9s. 6d. 

A Reply to Mr. Hale’s Appeal to the 
Public, in Defence of the Spitalfields Act; 
by the author of Observations on the Rui- 
nous Tendency of the Spitalfields Act..2s. 

Thoughts on the Poor Laws, with a pian 
for a Reduction of Poor Rates ; by S. 
Brookes. 

An Enquiry into the Elective Franchise 
of the Citizens of London; by peeury 
Schultes, gent. 

Hints towards the Right Improvement 
of the present Crisis; by Joseph Jones, 
M.D. 8y0. 5s. 

The Question of Population, particu- 


‘larly as it relates to the Increase of the 


Inhabitants of the United States... Zs. 

Substance of the Speech of the Right 
is. 

A Letter to the Earl of Liverpool: on 
Agricultural Distress ; by an Old Yory. 1s. 

"The Peop!e’s Universal Prayer; by 5. 
Waddington, 2d. 

Letter- 


r| 822.) 
Letter to his Excellency the Lord Lieu- 

tenant of Ireland, on thé present State of 

a dom. 25. ROG ft 

On Protection to Agriculture; by David 
Ricardo, esq. 8yo. 3s." 

The Eetters of Amicus’ Protestans, to 
W. Wilberforce. 5s. 6d. 

‘The most Effectual Remedy for Agri- 
cultural Distress, a Free ‘Trade in Beer. 6d. 

An Examination of the Plan laid before 
the Cortes of Spain for the recognition of 
South American Independence; by the 
Abbe de Pradt. 3s. 

, THEOLOGY. 

Treatise on the Sabbath; by the Rev. 
Jolin Glen. 5s. 

‘Sermons, chiefly delivered in the Chapel 
of the East India College, Hertfordshire ; 
by the Rev. Charles Webb Le Bas, a.m. 
10s. 6d. 

_ Considerations on the Subject of Calvi- 
nism, aud a short Treatise on Regene- 
ration; by Wiliam Bruce Knight, a.m. 
6s. boards. 

No. if, Dr, Chalmer’s Christian and 
Civic Economy of Large Towns. 18, pub- 
lished quarterly. 

Dr. Chalmer’s Scripture References for 
the Use of Sunday Schools and Private 
Families, “4d. 

Sermons; by Edward Maltby, v.p. 
2 vols, ¥4s. 

Twenty Discourses preached before the 
University of Cambridge ; by the Rev. C. 
Benston, ,12s. 

The Young Communicant’s Remem- 
brancer ; a Treatise mtended at once to 
remind the young Communicant of the 
practical Obligations of Religion; and to 
direct and encourage him amidst the Du- 
ties and Difficulties of the Christian Life ; 
by the Rey. William Hamilton. 1¢mo., 3s. 6d. 

An Abridgment of the Prophecies as 
connected with Profane History, both an- 
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swer; selected from the best Authors, 
By Anne Smith. 12mo, 


New Patents and Mechanical Inventions. 


347 


Sermous, by the late very Rev. Isaac 
Milner.’ 2'vols, ‘8vo, 2is. 

Serimons, by the late very Rev. William 
Pearce. 1 -vol8vo. 143, f 

Discourses ‘adapted to the: Palpit» or 
Family Use; .by the Revs Atkyns: Bray. 
8vo. 8s. 

The Age of Christ not Thirty-three, but 
Fifty-two and ahalf, with thecompletion of 
the Seventy Weeks; by James Bellamy, 1s, 

‘Anti-Seepticism, or an Enquiry into the 
Philosophy of Language, as connected-with 
the Holy Seriptures ; by the author-of- the 
Philosophy of Elocution. 5s. 

A Letter to his Grace the Lord Primate 
of Ireland, on the manner in (which Chris- 
tianity was taught by our Saviour and, his 
Apostles. 

‘Ewo Sermons, on Ezekiel ii.17, and 
Deut. xxx, 19, 20; by the Rev; Charles 
R, Sumner. 1s. 6d. 

Institutions of Theology; or, a Concise 
System of Divinity: with. reference under 
each article to some of the principal au- 
thors who. haye treated of the subjects, 
particularly ‘and ‘fully; ‘by “Alexander 
Ranken, pD, one of the ministers: of 
Glasgow. 148. rat oe 

TOPOGRAPHY. |, 

Picturesque Promenade round Dorking, 
including a full and accurate Account of 
the celebrated Panoramic Views from, Box 
Hill and Leith Hill. 7s. 6d. boards. 

VOYAGES AND TRAVELS~ 

The Universal Traveller ; being the Sub- 
jects of forty standard Works of modern 
Travels in the four Quarters of the World; 
by Samuel Prior, With 100 Engravings. 
10s. 6d. bound. 

Two years’ Residence in the Settlement 
of the English Prairie, in, the Illinois 
Country, United States; by John Woods, 
10s. 6d. 

Memorials of a Tour on the Con tinent, 
1820, by H. Wordsworth, esq. 8vo. 6s, 6d. 

Journal of a Visit to some Parts of 
Ethiopia ; by GeorgeWaddington, esq. 40s. 


NEW PATENTS AND MECHANICAL INVENTIONS. 


—_— 


To WittiAM Harvey, of Belper, Rope- 
‘maker ; for certain Improvements in 
“the Manufacture of Etopes and Belts 
by Machinery; and also Lmprovements 

in the said Machinery. 

VANUIS invention, comprising certain 

improvements in the manufacture 
of ropes. and belts. by machinery, and 
also improvements in the said machi- 

‘nery, Consists in connecting several 

ropes, Or lays of rope, together, by 

“micans Of bolts or pins, of copper, brass, 

zine, tin, or any other metal (iren ex- 

-cepted,) or mixture ‘of metals, least 

- likely to corrode or rust; which ropes, 

-or lays of rope, so connected, are to 

form flat belts or bands for the purpose 

of raising coal or ores up the shalts of 
3 


mines, and for the raising of heavy 
articles generally, or. square ropes for 
cables, and for the standing. rigging of 
ships. Also in: the contrivance and 
disposition of machinery, calculated to 
perforate holes through the said lays of 
rope, in order to pass the'said ‘metallic 
bolis through them for the purpose: of 
connecting the lays together, “For the 
making of flat belts or bands, two, 
four, or more lays of rope are placed 
side by side, observing that every lay 
is twisted. the, reverse. way, to. that 
which is placed next it. These lays 
are then pressed, together, both late- 
rally and downward; and, when thus 
contined, a bodkin or piercer is passed 
through the several lays of rope, and 

into 


348 


into the hole thus made is:iput-a bolt 
or pin of copper; brass; or other metal 
(iron excepted), or mixture/of metals; 
least likely to ‘corrode® or* rust, ‘and 


thereby injure thehemp; and, when the” 


pin is passed through the several lays 
of rope, it is rivetted, ‘$0 as to confine 
the several lays of rope firmly together. 
In making square ropes for cables, 
and the standing rigging of ships, two, 
four,,.six, eight,.or more, flat, ropes, 
bands, or belts, as above made, .are 
placed: inthe «press» edgeways, and 
perforated in‘ across direction, or 
through the respective ‘bands, by’ the 
bodkin or piercer. Metallic bolts or 
pins, such as above mentioned, are 
passed through the lays and bands, 
and rivetted, so as to confine them to- 
gether, forming a square, or any other 
shaped compact rope, of several lays, 
firmly connected. 

This mode of forming flat bands or 
sqilare ropes, constitutes the invention 
of Mr. Harvey.— Repertory. 


To Mr. CHartes BRoveniP, of Great 
Portland-street, for an Improvement 
in) Vessels to'be used in heating Fluids 
and Substanees. 


Mr. B. constructs the bottoms of the 
vessels respectively not flat, nor con- 
vex, nor cancave throughout, as hath 
heretofore been done, but so varied as 
to the internal and external surfaces 
thereof, as to constitute or form two or 
more troughs, or places of capacity, 
below or lower than the rest of the 
said bottoms; against which, and in 
the parts between the said troughs, the 
action of the heat and ignited vapour 
is allowed to be exerted ; and he makes 
the said troughs, or places of capacity, 
of any conyenient form or figure, al- 
dhough, by preference, he adopts the 
semi-cylindrical figure, with an. in- 
terval between trough and trough, of 
about one-fourth part of the measure 
ef the diameter of the semi-cylinder. 
And, further, that in such.cases as re- 
quire the contents of the vessel to be 
stirred or agitated, or in which such 
stirring or agitation may be preferred 
or required, he makes use of a chain 
or chains, rake.or rakes, or similar.in- 
Strument or instruments for that, pur- 
pose, to act within the said troughs; 
and-in every case he prefers that.the 
vessel should be filled toa little depth 
only above the parts, of the bottom be- 
tween the said troughs, and that-there 
should be no side flues or cavities; or 
channels, by means of which the heat 
ean or may apply to any space of the 


New Patents and Mechanical Intentions. 


[May 1, 
sutfacerof the wesselowlichik;} oF may 
be above. the fluids or éthér sabstanees 
therein ‘to be ‘heated.’ And ‘further, 
that the construction of the bottoms of 
the vessels may be’ niade With -Various 
diniensions, and ‘rélatiye situations, of 
the “several parts, according - to,,the 
local. circumstances and «particular 
uses of the same. ’ + th 

It is not essentially necessary, that 
the troughs and fire-place shouldsbe so 
placed as that the flame, or’ ignited ‘or 
other vapour, or air, should cross the 
line of direction or length of the 
troughs ; but that the flame, vapour, or 
air, may be made to move along the 
said troughs, or in’ any other course, 
with good eflect—— Repertory. 


To Joun Westwoon, of Sheffield, for 
a Method of Embossing, Kvory by 
Pressure. ; 5 
He. uses a press or machine, com- 

monly called a fly, upon: the: priuciple 

of the coining-press, being of,cousider 
able power, taking. one, two, and/some- 
times three men to work it, according 
as the size and depth of the impression 
to be made may require. Updn,the 
upper part of the dies the design is eut, 
out of which an impression is intended 
to be produced, and round whicli de- 
sign the steel is cut and filed away. te 
admit of a collar being placed thereon. 

The lower dio he first places under 
the bolt of the press, upon which) die 
he puts a collar sufiiciently: deepsea 
cover the sides of the ivory which he 
means to press. He then puts) the 
ivory (which has been previously made 
perfectly true, and of the propen|size) 
within the collar, resting upon the die, 
by which it is secured from damage:by 
excess of pressure, and place, that-part 
of the die, (which he calls the, upper 
die,) «pon the ivory, the edges ofthe 
die going a little within the collar;and 
filed suflicientiy to admit.of its: going 
with the pressure upon the ivory; ‘4nd 
he then brings down the lever df the 
press.once or oftener, which, by forcing 
the bolt upon the dies and ivory, pro- 
duces the impression required, without 
any other preparation of the:ivory than 
as above stated, except that, in using 
transparent ivery, which is: generally 
of .a brittle natnre,: he, puts) itvinto 
water(if in the winter, warm, andvif 
in, the summer, cold,) ashortdime, pre- 
viously fo itsyheing used.» The lever 
is then, thrown.up, the collar released, 
and the ivory generally drops.out;:but, 
if, it should not,: the ‘collar is removed, 

and the, ivory, is) driven out with a 

mallet— Repertory, 

LIST 


1822.] 
LIST,OF PATENTS | FOR) NEW INV ENTIONS() 


To, William, Erskine -Ceehrane,) esq.of 


Semerset-street, Portman:squarey; for cere 


tain .jmprovements ,in_ the, construction: of | 


lamps, whereby they are rendered. capabte 


‘burning concrete oils, animal fat, and 


other similar inflammable substances. 
—Feb,'23.- ' 

‘William Buckle, of Mark-lane, mer- 
chant; for certain improvements in mae 
chinery’ for shaping or cutting out irre- 
gular forms in wood, or any other mate- 
rials or} substances which admit of being 
cut by eatters, or tools revolving with a 
cireular motion, whether such motion be 
continuous.or reciprocating.—March 2. 


New Music and Drama. 


349 

Jolin Higgins, of Fulham, esq: for cer- 
tain’ improvements: in‘ the construction of 
carfiages.+-Marelr 2; 

Charles Yardley; of Camberwell; fora 
method of manufacturing glue from. bones, 
by means of steam.—March 2, 

John Thompson, of Regent-street, West- 
minster, for a certain improvement in the 
method of forming or preparing stecl 
for the manufacture of springs for car- 
riages, but principally applicable to all 
those’ usually denominated coach-springs, 
—March 2. 

John Ruthven, of Edinburgh, printer ; 
for a new method of procuring a mecha- 
nical power.—March 2, 


NEW MUSIC AND THE DRAMA, 


— 


Companion Glees, §e. arranged on the 
‘same succession of Harmonies as the 
Easy Lessons in Mr. Logier’s Compa- 
ation to the Chiroplast. Composed by 
J. Green. 2s. Gd. 

N this collection of harmonized me- 
/ odies, Mr. Green presents us with 

“Fhe Lord my pasture shall prepare,” 
ahymn bearing the title of “ Provi- 
dence ;” “Swiftly from the mountains 
brow,” a-descriptive song from Cun- 
ningham’s poems, and called “ Morn- 
ing); another from the same writer, 
entitled: “! Evening ;’ a duett, named 
“The Falling Leaf ;” and a trio, desig- 
nated“ The everlasting Rose.” With- 
out discovering any thing above the or- 
dinary cast of pieces of this description, 
we feel ourselves called upon to say of 
Mr. G.’s publication, that, in the quali- 
ties of its melodies, it is respectable, 
and that the harmonizations, if they do 
not exhibit much ingenuity or contri- 
vanee, are correct, and manifest a 
tolerable knowledge of the laws of 
composition, as they regard harmony. 
Numbers 1,2, and 3, of Sonatas, composed 

for the’ Piano-forte, by Joseph de 

vuPinna. 2s. each. 

' Though cach of these numbers con- 
tains but one composition, and the style 
ofithe ‘whole is simple and imitative, 
rather claborate .or clegant, they pos- 
sess soomuch merit of a certain kind as 
to rank among the valaable piano-forte 
productions of the day. Designed for 
te use of those practitioners who have 
not made any considerable progress in 
the power of execution, their passages, 
though not without animation, and even 
some degree of brilliancy; are easy and 
familiar in their formation, and ad- 
mirably suited to the useful purpose of 
the composer. If among grand’ or 
finished sonatas, they are not of a cast 


or magnitude to make any fonspi- 
cuous figure, as modest and unassuming 
compositions they have a distinguished 
claim to our commendation; and: we 
are but just to their author, in recom. 
mending them to the notice of the 
public. 

A Waltz, composed for, the Piano- 
Sorte. 2s. 

The subject of this waltz is. good, 
though not very novel, andis of a.cast 
to please the uncultivated ear. Though 
not characterized by any extraordi- 
nary strength of idea or general heauty 
of character, its melody moves with a 
pleasing ease and smoothness, while 
the bass is chosen with judgment, and 
an effect produced quite equal to that of 
the generality of pieces of the limited 
magnitude and consequence of the 
piece we are noticing. 

“Oh, Lady, touch thy Lute again,” an 
admired Ballad, composed by  S. 
Nelson. 1s. 6d. 

This song, the words of which are 
from the pen of Mr. W. Bygrave, is 
not of a cast to extort our culogium. 
If the passages are smooth, they are 
also insipid ; and, though they are net 
unpleasing in themselyes, they fail to 
constitute a distinct and unique me- 
lody. The accompaniment (chiefly 
arpeggio) is tolerably, good, but. the 
bass is not the best of which the treble 
admitted, nor does the conjoint eflect 
place the composition above the rank 
of mediocrity. 
“Young Jamie is a bonnie Lad,” sung 

by Mrs. Bland at Drury-Lane The- 

atre. 18. 

The melody of this little ballad, of 
two verses, is neither Scotch nor Eng- 
lish, but a compound, of both styles, 
with the fault, however, of partaking 
more of the English than of the Scotch, 

But, 


330° 
But, though defeetive: asa national 
air, the composition is so far from being 
destitute of that common place ‘pret- 
imess which pleases most lovers of vo- 
cal music, that we are not surprized at 
its being a favourite at the theatre. 

“November's Huail-Cloud drifts away,” 

a Ballad, sung by Miss Stephens at the 

Theatre Royal Covent. Garden, in the 

Opera, of Montrose... Composed and 

arranged by W. HH. Ware. 18. Gd. 

Mr. Ware has sosct the wordsiof this 
song, as to impart to them an interest 
which ‘their wanaided merit could not 
have ' commanded. The sentiment is 
pleasingly and forcibly impressed on 
the mind, by the appropriate gratifica- 
tion of the car; and the aggregate ap- 
peal of the poetry and the music is a 
compound of strength and swectness, 
Rondo for the Piano-forte, composed by 

Mr. Pinna. 1s. 6d. 

Though the theme of this rondo is 
not of the first order, the general mat- 
terofthe piece is so good, so consistent 
though varied, and so regular though 
volatile and florid, as to impress us with 
a very favourable opinion of the au- 
thor’s judgmentand taste. In rondos, 
the merit of returning from the digres- 
Sive strains to the main subject, in a 
graceful and natural manner, is by no 
means common, but is conspicuous in 
the piece before us. 

DRAMA. 

CoveENtT-GARDEN.—The principal no- 
yelty at this theatre, worthy of present 
notice, is Mr. Young’s performance of 
Macbeth, for the first time since’his re- 
turn to his origifial arena, as a London 
actor. A more eligible play, both for 
attracting a full wuditory, and affording 
the amplest scope for the exertion of 
histrionic talent, is not to be found in 


British Legislation. ~ 


[May 4, 
ihe, whole :eompass of; ihe. English 
drama.’ No picce, evenof Shakespeare, 
boasts two finer characters: than those 
of the hero and héroine ofthis ‘drama. 
Neither the'poctry, the secnic éonstruc- 
tion, nor, the moral of the ‘tragedy, of 
Macbeth, can be excelled: and thie néw 
interest given, to its representation hy 
Mr. Young and Mrs. Faucif (if any in- 
terest can really be added to such a 
production by any excclicnec lnacting) 
has been auspicious to, the, Coyent- 
Garden > treasury, and. demonstrated 
the soundness: of the judgment that 
superjoined its attractions’ toy ithose 
of “Phe School for Scandal,” “ The 
Rivals,” “The Clandestine Marriage,” 
and “She Stoops to Conquer.” 
Drury-Lane.— Why this theatre has, 
lost any of its fashion or popularity 
we do not know, but we lament the 
fact, both on account of the ingenious 
and indefatigable manager, .and. be- 
cause, recently at least, nothing has o¢- 
curred that ought to, or can, give, dis- 
taste to the Jovers of the drama inits 
true dignity and purity: Miss Grimani, 
in her ‘ Lady 'Teazle,” and '** Lady 
Grace,” has displayed much’ vivacious 
elegance, and no Slight acquaintanée 
With the human heart, as exhibited in 
the foibles and indiserctions of a high- 
bred woman of quality, yielding 10, and 
carried away by, the torrent of fashion- 
able dissipation, in the midst of which 
she is placed by her rank and con- 
nexions. With respect to Mr; Elliston, 
whose talents and exertions so well de- 
serve public support, and to the ma- 
nagement generally, it is just to say, 
that a better choice of entertaiiiments 
could not be provided, nor a contpany 
of more sterling talents have beeii as- 
sembled. Pca 


fist 


at 


BRITISH LEGISLATION. 


ACTS PASSED in the FIRST YEAR of the REIGN of GEORGE TUE FOURTH, o7 ti the 
SECOND SESSION of the SEVENTH PARLIAMENT of the UNITED KINGDOM. 
—= a 


cx: CXVI.. To empower the Com- 
missioners of the Treasury to grant, 
until the End of the next Session of Par- 
liament, a lintited Provision to certain 
discharged Officers of the Customs. 
CAP. CXVII. Zo continue an Act of 
‘the Fifticth Year of the Reign of His 
late Majesty King George the Third, 
for the better Management of the Found- 
ling Hospital in Dublin. 
CAP. CXVIIL. For the more. effce- 
tual Administration. of the Office of « 
Justice of the Peace tn and near the Me- 
tropolis ; and for the more effectual Pre- 


vention of Depredations on the River 
Thames and tts Vicinity, for one Year. 
Vhe Police-office, now established in 
the parish of Saint Jobn of Wapping, eom- 
monly called: “the ‘Khames Police-ottice,” 
and the several police-offices. now. esta- 


biished>in the, Parishes..of St.,Margaret 


Westminster, St. James Westminster, St. 
Andrew, Holborn, St. Leonard Shoreditch, 
and St. Mary, Whitechapel, in the County 
of Middlesex, and in the, Parish of St. Sa- 
viour, in the County of Surry, shall be con- 
tinned » and that, instead. of the Pelice- 
office now established in the Parish of St. 
Paul, Shadwell, a new Police-office shall 

be 


1822.] 

‘he established in the Parish of St) Mary-le- 
bone, in the said County of Middlesex. 

‘Oe or more justices shall diligently at- 
tend at each, of, the said, Police-offices 

“every day, from. ten of the clock in the 
morning until eight of the clock in the even- 
ing, and at such other times and places as 
shall be found necessary, and directed by 
His Majesty’s principal secretary of state 
‘for the home department; and that two 
‘of the said justices shall in like manner at- 
“tend togetlier at each of the said offices, 
‘froin twelve of the Clock at noon until 
three’ inthe: afternoon : provided always, 
that no such attendance shall be given on 
Sunday, Christmas Day, Good Friday, or 
any day appointed for a public fast or 
‘thanksgiving. 

' The justices appointed as aforesaid, or 
any two of them, in their respective of- 
‘tices, shall appoint, retain, and employ a 
sufficient number of fit-and able men for 
the whole eight offices, subject to the 
approbation of His Majesty’s secretary of 
state for the home department ; whom 
they arehereby authorized and empowered 
to swearin, to act as constables, for preser- 
ving the peace and preventing robberies 
‘and other felonies, and apprehending offen- 
ders against the peace. 

The, justices appointed fo the said 
Thames Police-office, or any two of them, 
shall retain and employ any number of fit 
and discreet men, not exceeding thirty, 

“who, under the name of Thames Police 
Surveyors, shall have the powers, authori- 
ties, privileses, and advantages of a con- 
“stable, and shall direct and inspect the con- 
duct of the constables attached to the 
Thames Police-office, and of all persons 
to be employed inand about ships and ves- 
sels in the river Thames. 

_ Justices to be allowed a salary of 6001. 
per annum, and further sums to be issued 
for payment of clerks, constables, &c. 

No justice shall take fees but at the 
public offices, on penalty of 1001. but 
not to extend to fees for licensing ale- 
houses, or to fees taken at the office in 
Bow-strect. 

Tables of fees to be hung up, and the ac- 
count of fees taken at the police-offices 
shall be delivered quarterly to the recei- 
ver, and the amount of fees paid to him. 

All penalties *¢except to informers or 
parties aggrieved) recovered at the po- 
lice-offices, shall be paid to the receiver ; 
and, if fees and penalties are not accounted 

' for, the receiver may sue for the same in 
any court of record. 
“Receiver to render accounts: quarterly, 
or oftener if reqnired. 

Justices not to sit in ‘parliament, and 
no justice, receiver, surveyor, or Consta- 
ble, to vote at elections. 

And whereas it hath become a practice 

_ of Iate to open shops or rooms for the sale, 
or onder the pretence of selling, ready- 


British. Legislation. 


351 
‘made! coffec, tea, and. other ‘liquors, and 
to, keep such, shops) or rooms open daring 
the, whole,or the. greatest part: of) the 
night, thereby affordmg shelter and accom. 
modation to thieves, prostitutes, and other 
disorderly persons, and tending greatly to 
the encottragement of robberies, and to the 
concealment of stolen property ; be it fur- 
ther enacted, that no shop, room, or place, 
for the purpose aforesaid, within the city 
of London or the liberties thereof, within 
the limits of the weekly bills of mortality, 
or within any of the parishes herein-before 
mentioned, shall be kept open after the 
hour of eleven o’vlock at night during any 
part of the year, nor opened. before the 
hour of four o’clock in the morning be- 


‘tween Lady-day and Michaelmas; or he- 


fore six o’clock in the morning between 
Michaelmas and Lady-day; and, if any 
such shop, room, or place, shall be open 
within the hours herein-before prohibited, 
or, being shut up, if any person shall, du- 
ring those hours, be found therein, except 
the persons actually dwelling there, or 
having lawful excuse for beiug there, then 
the master, mistress, waiter, or other per- 
son having the care, government, | or ma- 
nagement, of such shop, room, or place, 
whether he or she be the real. owner or 
keeper thereof or not, shall forfeitand pay 
any stim not exceeding ten pounds, upon 
conviction. 

If any person shall, within the City of 
London and liberties thereof, or within 
the limits and parishes aforesaid, blow any 
horn or use any other noisy instrument for 
the purpose of hawking, selling, or distri- 
buting, any article whatsoever, it shall be 
lawful fer any constable, headborough, pa- 
trole, watchman, or other person, to ap- 
prehend every person so offending, and 
convey him before any justice of the peace, 
who shall proceed to examine upon oath 
any witnesses appearing to give evidence 
touching such offence; and, if the party 
accused shall be convicted of such offence, 
then and in every such case he shall, for 
every such offence, forfeit and pay any 
sum not exceeding forty shillings, and not 
less than ten shillings. 

And whereas ill-disposed ‘and suspected 
persons and reputed thieves frequent the 
parks, fields, streets, highways, and 
places adjacent, and divers places of public 
resort, and the avenues leading thereto, 
with intent to commit felony on, the per- 
sons and property of His,,Majesty’s.sub- 
jects; be it farther enacted, that it. shall be 
lawful for any constable or other person to 
apprehend every such suspected person. or 
reputed thief, and convey him or her be- 
fore any justice of the peace; and, if it 
shall appear, upon the oath of one or more 
credible witness’ or witnesses, that such 
person is of évil fame anda reputed thief, 
and such person shall not be able to give a 
satisfactory account of himself or herself, 

ss and 


352 


and of his ar her way of living, every such 
person shall be deemed a rogue and. vaga- 
bond, within the intent and meaning. of 
the Statufe 17 Geo, II. ¢. 5, intituled, 
An Act to amend and make more effectual 
the Laws relating to Rogues, Vagabonds, 
and other idle and disorderly Persons, and 
to Houses of Correction. 

[We confess we view this clause with 
great jealousy. It is liable to great 
abuse, and we have heard of abuses. 
It places every helpless person at the 
mercy of the most unprincipled har- 
pies in the community ; and in the city 
some persons thus suspected only have 
been flogged in the streets! If abused 
the fault isin the magistrates, and these, 
alas, are not always men of high minds, 
qualified to be trusted with such un- 
bounded power. ] 

If any person shall think himself ag- 
grieved thereby, such person may appeal 
to the justices of the peace, at the next 
general or quarter sessions of the peace to 
be held for the county or city wherein the 
cause of complaint shall have arisen, such 
person at the time of his conviction enter- 
ing into arecognizance with two sufficient 
sureties conditioned personally ta appear 
at the said sessions to try such appeal, and 
to abide the further judgment of the jus- 
tices at such sessions assembled; and, in 
case’ any such conviction of a reputed 
thief shal] be affirmed at such sessions, tlie 
said justices may adjudge the offender to 
be a rogue and vagabond, and proceed 
against him or her in the same manner as 
they might have done if snch rogue and 
vagabond had been committed to the house 
.of correction until such general and quar- 
ter sessions. 

Officers and patroles of Bow-street of- 
fice to act as constables. 

For the purpose of ensuring competency 
and fidelity in the watchmen and patroles 
employed by the Aldermen and Common 
Council of the city of London, and the 
vestries and other parochial and local au- 
thorities, within the limits of the weckly 


Literary and Philosophical Intelligence. 


(May 1, 
bills of, mortality, and the parishes herein 
before.mentioned, when any case of incom- 
petency, negligence, misconduct, or delin- 

nency, shall appear to any two justices of 
the peace acting within the said city. or li- 
mits and parishes, against any such watch- 
man or patrole, it shall be lawful for the 
said two justices, by writing under their 
hands and seals, to declare the same, and 
to pronounce the man so found incompe- 
tent or guilty of such negligence, miscon- 
duct, or delinquency, to be either suspend- 
ed for a limited time, or absolutely dis- 
missed from his office, aa they shall think 
proper. 

No man shall hereafter be appointed 
within the limits and parishes aforesaid by 
any authority whatsoever, to be a watch- 
man or patrole, who shall be above the age 
of forty years, unless he shall have been 
previously, and up to the time of such ap- 
pointment, employed in the said horse or 
foot patrole. 

For the better administration of the po- 
lice, it shall be lawful for the constable or 
headborough attending at any watch-house 
within those limits and parishes, between 
the hours of eight in the afternoon and six 
in the forenoon, to take bail by recogni- 
zance, without any fee or reward, from 
any person who shall be brought into his 
custody, without the warrant of a justice 
charged with any petty misdemeanor, if 
such constable shall deem it prudent to take 
such bail for the appearance of such person 
before the justices of the said public office 
in Bow-street, or at one of the said police 
oftices to be specified in the recognizance, 
for examination, at the hour of ten in the 
forenoon next after such recognizance shall 
be taken, unless that hour shall fall on a 
Sunday. 

Surveyors, having just cause to suspect 
felony, may enter on vessels and take up 
suspected persons, 

Disputes about wages for labour done 
on the river, &c. (except by Trinity bal- 
last-men) to be settled by justices, provi- 
ded the sum in question does not exceed 51. 


VARIETIES, LITERARY AND PHILOSOPHICAL, 


Including Notices of Works in Hand, Domestic and Foreign. 


i 


—=> 


POPULAR political writer hav- 

ing asserted that the circulation 
of Books has been affected by the ge- 
neral depression of the landed interest, 
we consider it proper to explain, that 
no general diminution has been expe- 
rienced by the London wholesale 
houses. It is true that maccaroni li- 
terature, and trumpery and temporary 
books, which have no recommendation 
Dnt the fmeness of their paper, and 
which are of no use but to fill up the 
spare shelves of a library, have suffered, 


owing to the curtailed resources of the 
silly and luxurious ; but,as the mass of 
readers has been doubled, and perhaps 
trebled, within the last thirty years, so 
all useful and really instructive books 
have experienced a progressive incréase 
of sale, and of all such books larger 
editions never were printed, or more 
rapidly sold. In proof of this we can 
assert, that the printing-presses of Lon- 
don were never in greater activity than 
during the passing winter; and, although 
so many works haye been i ic 
an 


18226] 


and thany printing engiiies ave “been 
at’ Work, “yet theré: eetion ctgiel 
speaking, heen no deficiency of emplo, i 
ment for compositars. Ha | pressing] 
Nothing is wanted to our literature 
but a foreign trade, such as enjoyed by 
the literature of France, whence aboye 
half, the books printed are exported. to 
foyeign:countties; » Hitherto this trade 
hasbeen destroyed by the avarice of 
some exporters, who seldom pack for 
foreign markets any books but such as 
are’ overprinted, or have no sale in 
England, and which therefore can be 
bought at the price of waste paper; and 
hencé it unhappily occurs, that our 

books. in foreign countries and in our 
* colonies. are devoid of character or 
latrinsic interest. 

Mr.O’Connor’s Chronicles of Eri, 
one of the most extraordinary histo- 
vical ‘curicsities which has appeared 
since the revival of Ictters, will make 
tieir appearance early in May. There 
will be two editions, both in octavo,— 
one on royal paper, and the other on 
demy. 

A, Cambridge Quarterly Review is 
about to be added to the other nume- 
rous Quarterly Journals. . We have 
no doubt it will command attention by 
its talents and integrity. Our Univer- 
sities might properly become the guar- 
dians of iaste and literature, if, in their 
Corporate capacity, they were not in 
each succeeding age bound by oath to 
support the prejudices and errors of 
each preceding age. A Monthly Cen- 
sor of Literature, from a high church 
connection, is also announced ; and the 
present year has given birth to five or 
six, other works of criticism. The 
Lord have mercy on the poor authors! 
An ambitious wight, who puts his name 
in a title-page, has to run the gauntlet 
of nearly one hundred critics,—quar- 
terly, monthly, weekly, and even daily! 
How fortunate he must regard himself 
if he is not ultimately in as deplorable 
a condition as an unhappy wretch who, 
perhaps for a less crime than that of 
tu author, is made to run a simi- 
lar gauntlet on board a man-of-war ! 

‘e recommend our readers’ atten- 
tion to, the original and very important 
article: under the head Cuemica Re- 
PORT, ‘relative to a discovery of great 
social importance, 

In a few days, will be published, in 
two imperial octayo volumes, Aides 
Althorpiane, or an, Account of the 

nsion at Althorp, the residence. of 
the Right Hon, Jeorge John Parl 

MontTHLy Mac, No. 367. 


Literary and Philosophical Intelligence. 


333 
Spencer, Kv.’ together with a descrip- 
tive ‘catalosue of the pictures, and of a 

ortion of the library, inthe same 

aision : accompanied with twenty- 
four fine engravings of historical and 
family. portraits; and several views of 
portions of the house.and grounds; by 
the Rev. T, Fy DipDIN;, F.R.S..S.A., ‘The 
second volume) will consist of a Sup- 
plement ito the Bibl Spenceriana, ¢m- 
bellished with a great number of wood- 
cuts. 

Mr. Tuomas Tayior (the platonist,) 
has translated the cleyen books ofthe 
Metamorphosis of Apuleius, and, also 
his Treatise De Deo Socratis, and his 
three bocks De Habitudine Doetri- 
narum Platonis. And from the Greek, 
the Political Pythagoric Fragments 
preserved by Stobeus; all whieh will 
speedily be published. : 

Mr. ALARIc WaAtTs’s Specimens of 
the Living Poets, with biographical 
and critical prefaces, are in consider- 
able forwardness, and he intends, ina 
Supplemental Volume, to give notices 
of such poetical writers as have died 
within the last twenty years. 

The third and last part of Mr. Gar: 
DINER’s Oratorio of Judah will appear 
in May, forming the largest and richest 
collection of sacred music which has 
been produced for many years; and 
there are introduced into it many com- 
positions of Haydn, Mozart; and 
Beethoven, at present unknown in 
this country. 

WILLIAM SPENCE, esq. is republish: 
ing bis Tracts on Political Economy, 
viz. 1. Britain independent of com- 
merce; 2. Agyicuiture the source of 
the wealth of Britain; 3. The objec- 
tions against the Corn-bill refuted; 4. 
Speech on the East India Trade; with 
prefatory remarks on the causes and 
eure of our present distresses, as ori- 
ginating from neglect of _ principles 
laid’ down in’ these works: i 

Lecenpre’s Elements of Meeometry, 
and of Plane and Spherical Trigono- 
metry, is announced by Davin Brew- 
STER, LL.D. Fellow of the Royal: So- 
ciety of London, and Secretary to the 
Royal Society of Edinburgh, with addi- 
tional notes and improvements. 

The Essay on the Influence of a 
Moral Life on our Judgment in Mat- 
ters of Faith, to which ‘the Society for 
Promotin Christian Knowledge and 
Church nion, in the Diocese of St. 
David’s, adjudged its premium for 
1821; by the Rev. SAMUEL CHARLES 
WiLKS, is in the press. 


vss The 


554 


The Rev. J. W. BELLamy, B.D. is 
about to publish by subscription, in 
one handsome quarto volume, witha 
fine portrait by Mr. Scriven, the Poems 
of the Rey. THomas, CHERRY, B.D. the 
late respected ,Head-master, of Mer- 
chant-Tailors’ School. 

Mr. V-.Py.is reprinting his edition 
of Brotier’s Tacitus, in 4,vols.,octavo. 
It combines .the adyantages. of. the 
Paris. and Edinburgh, editions, with a 
selection of notes from all the commen- 
tators on. ‘Tacitus, subsequent to the 
Edinburgh edition: the Literaria No- 
titia and. Politica, with all the Supple- 
ments, are also added; the French 
passages are translated, and the Ro- 
man money turned into English values. 

Dr. Meyrick has been many years 
engaged in collecting the scattered 
notices to be found in our old pocts, 
chroniclers, wills, deeds, and invento- 
ries of antient armour. The result 
will appear in the most splendid style, 
and, being in the. press, we shall not 
long continue to look for such a publi- 
cation as) a desideratum in literature. 
The. work will be published in three 
volumes, imperial quarto, and contain 
above one hundred specimens of an- 
tient armour, 

A very, extraordinary, decision, af- 
fecting literary property and the freo- 
dom of enquiry, took place within the 
month, ; It. will be remembered that 
Mr. William Lawrence, the eminent 
London surgeon, sometime since pub- 
lished his eloquent Lectures delivered 
at Surgeon’s Hall; and, as Mr, L. de- 
nied the evidence of any immaterial 
principle of sensation and life, some 
zealots in the governorship of Bethlem 
Hospital voted his expulsion from that 
establishment. Unwilling to be. the 
scape-goat of aphysico-theological ques- 
tion, in which science. was opposed by 
faith, Mr. Lawrence. modestly with- 
drew, his book from. circulation; and, 
in consequence, the copies already 
sold fetched.,.exorbilant prices. Of 
this. circumstance some speculating 
publishers took advantage, and several 
cheap editions appeared. Mr. Law- 
rence sought of course to assert his 
authorial rights, by an appeal to the 
Court of Chancery. for an injunction ; 
which being refused, on the ground, that 
the doctrines ought not, to be protect- 
ed, the cheap, editions remain in cireu- 
lation! However, the course of the 
pleadings xeminded the public: of the 
ancient discussions in_ the, Sorbonne, 
and of the absurd disputations in the 


Literary and Philosophicai Intelligence. 


{May f, 
age of Henry,-the Highth, and, James 
the First.--A..cireumstanee- equally ri- 
diculous has occurred about, Lord 
Byron's) Cain. -The €haneellor refased. 
his, protection ,of the,author’s right, 
owing to some metaphysical scruples, 
and five or six editions, some,as iow; as: 
1s. 6d. are in consequence on, sale.) ;, 

A. Vindication of the, Authenticity of 
the Narratives contained .in;-the first 
two Chapters of the Gospels,,of, St. 
Matthew and St. Luke, being;an.inves: 
tigation of objections urged). by. the 
Unitarian editors of the improved yer- 
sion of the New Testament, by, a;Liay- 
man, in one volume, octayo,, is in the 
press. vf 

The Life and Times of Daniel De 
Foe, with a copious accounti;ef. his. 
writings, and anecdotes,.of several of 
his contemporaries, by WALTER, WiL+ 
SON, esq. is preparing for publication. 

The sixth part of the Encyclopedia 
Metropolitana will be published. in 
June. 

Chinzica, a poem, im) ten ,cantos, 
founded on that part of the history-of 
the Pisan Republic, in which is said to 
have originated the celebrated: trien- 
nial festival, called tho Battle) of the 
Bridge, will speedily be published, iz 
one volume, octavo. 

The several sizes of Bibles, Tesia- 
ments, and Common Prayer-books; | ilt 
lustrated with an unequalled number of 
engravings, will be ready in the course 
of May. The additional expense of 
the Oxford, Cambridge, and. King’s! 
printer’s editions of Bibles, with nearly: 
800 engravings, will vary, according to 
sizes, from 7s. to 4s.. Of the: Testa= 
ments, With 100 engravings, from 3s. 10 
1s. 8d. ; and of the Prayer-books, with 64 
engravings, from 2s. 3d..\to . 19.)3d: 
These editions will of course.consti- 
tute a necessary and very current arti- 
cle of trade in every bookseller’s shop 
in the British dominions, and they will 
be circulated in the usual manner by 
the wholesale trade...There wilbhbbe 
editions on India paper at one-fourth 
extra; and others highly coloured) :at 
treble the price of the plain, extra, 

Mr. Aspin is; preparing ther third 
volume of. his ‘Analysis of -Universak 
History, for the press; and cit bis) ex+ 
pected to, appear in the course ofsthe 
ensuing autumn. —— id 

Letters (and Conversations on Public 
Preaching, including rules fox the pre= 
paration of sermons, in which theprin- 
ciples. of, the: celebrated »Claudex are 
adopted and extended, ‘in’ numerous 
examples, 


1822. | 
examples, from the best authors, are 
im the press, and nearly ready for pub- 
lication: H 
The Rev. B: AnpReEws, of Trow- 
bridge, is preparing for ‘publication'a 
work, to be’ entitled, Clavis Greca 
Biblica; containing a short’ introdue- 
tion to the Greek tongue, and a copi- 
ous’ Greek Lexicon for tle Septuagint, 
New Testament, and Apocrypha, with 
the signification of the words given in 
Latin‘ and English ; designed for theo- 
logical students, who have. not had the 
benefit of a classifical education, and 
such persons as know the English lan- 
guage ‘only, but desire to understand 
ihe Greek Scriptures. 
‘The Vale of Chamouni, a poem, by 
the author of “Rome,” is in the press. 
‘oThe African’ fnstitution, in an ad- 
dress circulated within the month, state 
that) the information received from 
time to time of the horrid crimes per- 
petrated in Africa, and on the high 
seas, by miscreants who make it their 
business ‘to buy and sell their fellow- 
éreatures, and of the alarming increase 
of this abominable traffic under the 
flags'of France, Spain, Portugal, and 
the Netherlands,—is of such a nature 
as' to render it'the duty of the Institu- 
tion to give the utmost publicity to the 
facts) which are constantly coming to 
their'knowledge, and to. call the atten- 
~tion°of the British nation, in a very 
particular manner, to the enormities 
now practised upon the persons of the 
helpless children of Africa; enormitics 
never exceeded in the annals of op- 
pression’ and cruelty. At the present 
moment vast numbers of innocent 
men, women, and children, are lan- 
guishing in the hands of their tor- 
mentors; many are suffering a most 
eruel and lingering death, by suffoca- 
tioninthe ‘holds’ of slave-ships; thou- 
sands are’ on their way to interminable 
slavery;'to which they will infallibly be 
consigned, unless ‘previously released 
byideath, or rescued’ by the interven- 
tibniofsome merciful hand, from those 
dealers in’ human blood, whom the 
America governinent has declared to 
be pirates, and who; instead of being 
protected and sheltered, ought to be 
branded by ‘every civilized state as 
enemies to: the human race. The 
African Institution is persuaded, that 
in FRANCE; now most deeply impli- 
cated in this cruel traffic, as well as in 
the: NeTHeRvANDS, ‘PorRTUSAL, and 
Spain, the! bog at large are not yet 
informed) of the real nature and vast 


Literary and Philosophical Intelligence. 


355 
extent of the crimes daily and hourly 


‘perpetrated by the subjects of their 


respective countries; who are engaged 
if’ the African slave-trade. The direc- 
tors have ‘therefore determined, if fur- 
nished with thé means, to publish in va- 
rious languages the facts which are 
almost daily communicated to them ; in 
the’ firm conviction that, when’ these 
facts shall be generally known, the 
wise and the good of all nations will 
rise up and, with the voice as of one 
man, solicit their respective govern- 
ments to abolish a traffic marked in 
every stage with blood, disgraceful to 
every nation that does not use the 
greatest exertions for its utter extinc- 
tion, and a standing reproach to the 
Christian name.—After such ‘an ap- 
peal, we hope the meeting of the 10th 
of May will be the largest and most 
liberal ‘which the royal chairman has 
ever witnessed. ‘ 

The weakness and alarm of'a French 
government, which violates the’ Char- 
ter of Liberty, is manifest, from the 
seizure within the month ‘of that re- 
spectable paper, the London Morning 
Chronicle ; the offence of which was the 
printing of asong! How much greater 
libel docs a government pronounce on 
itself which considers itself endangered 
by asong! 

Mrs. SCHIMMELPENNICK haa in ‘the 
press, a second volume of Biblical 
Fragments, and they will appear in 
May. 

The fourth volume (which will be 
the last) of “ Illustrations of the Lite- 
rary History of the Eighteenth Cen- 
tary,” is preparing for publication. 

An American paper says, that “in 
Europe there is one deaf and dumb per- 
son in every 2,400. In Pennsylvania 
there is said to be one in every 1,850. 

The genius of our theatres is proved 
by the following summary of acted 
plays for 134 nights of the present 
season ;— 

Drury-Lane has acted, 

Times. 
Tragedy 
Comedy 
Opera and Musical Dramas +«------ 
Farcical First Pieces---4-.+--++++- 18 
Melo-Drame Do. <«++-«. eet eeseee Qh 

Covent-Garden has acted, 

Tragedy eee ee ee 15 
Comedy, and with Musicand Spectacle 43 
Opera, and Musical: Dramas with 73 

Spectacle +++ «++ } 

Dr. ARCHER, an Anierican physi- 
cian, announces that the hooping- 
cough is cured by vaccinating the 

patient 


ee eenegy ee te Fesceevessee 3] 


ee ee 


350 
patient in the second or third week 
after the commencement of the disease. 
Thisis aa important discovery, andthe 
‘experiment is.at least liarmless. 

A second edition of the Family Cy- 
clopedia, by Mr. Jennines, which has 
been sedulously revised throughout, 
with considerable additions, will shortly 
be ready for publication. 

The overflowing state of the public 
treasury warrants, it seems, the reno- 
vation and splendid decoration of the 
ancient palace of St. James’s, for state 
purposes. In like manner the super- 
fluous wealth of individuals enables 
them to erect a costly monument in 
his life-time to the man who com- 
manded the allied troops under a con- 
vention in Paris,at the time the heroic 
Marshal Ney was shot. 

A new edition of the Observations 
on the Spitalfields Act, with a Reply 
to Mr. Hale’s Appeal, will appear in a 
few days. 

There are now in Europe 1350 obser- 
vatories. Of these there are perhaps 
only three that arrive at any useful 
results; and eyen these three might be 
reduced to one, viz. that of Greenwich. 

The exhibition of a Northern Society 
for the Encouragement of the Fine 
Arts will open on the Ist of May at 
Leeds. 

A second Magazine in the French 
language is announced for publication 
in London, on the Ist of June, under 
the title of, Ze Musée des Variétés Lit- 
téraires, to be continued monthly. 

Another weekly literary journal, to 
be called, the Museum, or Record of 
Literature, Fine Arts, Science, Anti- 
quities, the Drama, &c, is announced. 
It will be devoted to—lst. General 
Literature, including reviews of books, 
and essays on men and manners. 2d. 
The Belles Lettres and Fine Arts, 
3d. Science and Philosophy. 4th. An- 
tiquities and Biography. 6th. Varie- 
ties and Facctix, including poetry, &e. 
The reviews, will be of such works as 
present, from the choice of subject, in-. 
trinsic merit, or celebrity of the author, 
a fair claim to. public notice. 

Mr. Copter has taken an ostensible 
partin the composition of the States- 
man Evening Paper, and ifs circula- 
tion, in consequence, has greatly 
increased. 

Soame JENYNs’s. Disquisitions on se- 
veral Subjects, are reprinting in reyal 
16mo. and will be embellished with a 
portrait of the author, from an original 
picture by Sir Joshua Reynolds, 

2 


Literary and Philosophical Intelligence. 


_ by himself and. sons, 


[May 1, 

The. ‘Society for Promoting Chris- 
tian Knowledge jin dhe Diocese of St. 
David's,” has awarded) a premium of 
501. ‘too Mr. A. V.'Tepns,; proctor, of 
Doctors’ Commons, for the best Nssay 
on ‘‘the Scripture Doctrine of Adultery 
and Divorce, and onthe Criminal :Cha- 
racter and Punishment of Adultery»by 
the Ancient Laws of England, and 
other Countries,” and. which he, will 
shortly publish. 

Rivington’s Annual Register for the 
year 1810 will appear in a few days. 

On the Ist of May will be published, 
in imperial oblong quarto, (tobe eonti- 
nued monthly,) an unique’ graphic 
work, entitled, the ‘Tour -of . Paris, 
pourtraying, in a series of beautiful 
engravings, the peculiar characteristies 
of the Parisian people, and: faithfully 
illustrating their manners,, customs, 
and institutions, ‘The plates. are,to 
be engraved from a series of admirable 
drawings, made in view of ihe scenes 
which they pourtray, by: Mr. Joun 
CLaRKE, in a rich aquatint style, and 
every design is accompanied by a brief 
literary essay, into which all the infor- 
mation necessary to elucidate its, sub- 
jectis carefully condensed. 

Sketches of the Life and Character 
of Patrick Henry, by Mr. Wm. Wirt, 
of Richmond, Virginia, is. reprinting 
from the American edition. 

The author of “ Select Female Bio- 
graphy” has in the press, a work,enti- 
tled, the Wonders of the Vegetable 
Kingdom Displayed. It. is: designed 
to illnstrate the beauty, order,., and 
utility of the vegetable world, and con- 
iains a variety of elegant and scicutific 
information relative to the economy. of 
plants, 22t 

Mr. W. H. Crook. is prepariag for 
publication, a Synoptical Paradigm of 
the regular and irregular Verbs of} the 
Hebrew Language, exhibiting .on.a 
sheet at one view all their varieties, of 
inilexion, characteristic marks amd mu- 
tual dependance, ona néw and, simple 
principle of analysis, whereby Ahis (bi- 
therto diflicult portion of the, Hebrew 
tongue may be perfectly acquired with 
considerable facility, and in a short 
lime, , This arrangement will beequally 
useful to the punctist.or antipunctist. 

Mr. Sowerby, of Lambeth, a\ few 
months. ago completed: a» new) |ar- 
rangement of his extensive Collection 
of Fossil Shells, and other organic re- 
mains, which have been extracted from 
their places in the British strata, chiefly 
Since the, pro- 

mulgation 


1822,} 


mulgation of. the discoveries of our in- 
genious countryman; Mr. Wm. Smith, 
as to'the important uses of fossil shells, 
indiscriminating the strata of the earth, 
many ladies and: gentlemen have ex- 
erted themselves, in collecting organic 
remains, and sending ‘them to Mr. 
Sowerby, with suitable local descrip- 
tions, for the double purpose of enrich- 
ing his ‘unique collection, and of form- 
ing materials for the work on Fossil 
Shells, which Mr. S. began in 1812. 
He sometime ago completed a third 
volume ‘of this very important work. 
The number of genera of the shells 
whiclv it describes is 45, and the species 
or varieties of these shells amount to 214 
in number. The genera most produc- 
tive in species, or of varieties essential 
in stratographical arrangements, are as 
follows, viz. Ammonites twenty-two 
species; Modiola, fourteen; Trochies, 
fourteen; Auricula, ten; Fusus, ten; 
Pecten, ten; Hamites, seven; VWene- 
ricardia, seven; Corbula,. six; Mela- 
nea, six; Ostrea, six; Spirifer, six 
species, &c. The assemblages of strata, 
as defined and locally exhibited in the 
publications, sections, and maps of Mr. 
Smith, from whence the 214 species of 
shelis' described im this volume, have 
beén taken, in some instances from 
only ‘one piace in the range of each of 
the strata across the country, but in 
other instances from two or several 
aces. ‘The total number of species of 
shells in this enumeration are 208, and of 
places mentioned as their stratographi- 
eal localities 323. As to the places 
enumerated as those furnishing the 
shells described in this volume, their 
whole number is 170, producing 326 
species or varictics of shells, as follows, 
viz. Barton cliff has produced twenty- 
four species of shells; Dunday-hill, se- 
venteen species; Highgate-archway, 
twelve specics; Hoodwell-cliff, eleven 
species ; Blackdown-hill, eight species ; 
Volkstone, seven species; Closeburn, 
six species ; Portland Isle, six species ; 
Felmersham, five species ; Sandfort- 
castle, five species; Kelloways-bridge, 
four species; Lyme Regis, four species. 
od RUSSIA. 
The famous’ Madame Kriidner, who 
a few 'years back gave so much trouble 
to the orthodox Swiss and German 
authorities, is now in Petersburg, 
where shé holds frequent prayer-mect- 
ings at her house, and-it is said they 
are still frequented by many fanatics. 
A very extraordinary ‘hail-storm is 
recorded in the last Philosophical Ma- 


Literary and Philosophical Intelligence. 


357 


gazine to have happened in Russia : 
the stones, says the recorder of this 
truly Muscovite storm, were so large 
and hard, that they killed a flock of 
two hundred) sheep, and severely 
maimed the shepherd ‘that attended 
them! 

In the memorable year 1813 the 
Russian counsellor of: state, Chevalier 
Prsarovius, undertook the publication 
ofa newspaper in three:languages, the 
Russian, Polish, and German: It ap- 
peared under the title of “the Gazette 
of War, or the Invalid,” and the pro- 
fits of it being destined for the relief of 
invalid soldiers, the editor was power- 
fully supported, during the period of 
general enthusiasm in that country, by 
private subseriptions, as well as by the 
government. The sums soon accumu- 
lated under the management of a com- 
mittee, which was afterwards appointed. 
The Russian invalids now possess a 
considerable fund; and, the objects of 
the editor being fulfilled, the newspaper 
was dropped at the end of last year. 


POLAND.” 

Count EpwarpD Raczynsk1 has pub- 
lished in Poland the Journal of his 
Travels in 1814 to Constantmople, and 
to the scene of the Hiad, the plains of 
Troy on the coast of Asia Minor, with 
great typographical splendor and costly 
embellishments. ‘The work consists 
of fifty-one sheets of letter-press, and 
eighty-two copper-plates, mostly of a 
large size; and also a considerable 
number of appropriate vignettes, from 
designs made on the. spot by M. 
Fuhrmann, and engraved by the most 
eminent masters in Berlin, Dresden, 
Prague, Vienna, Paris, and. Rome. 
The map of the Plain of Troy, accord- 
ing to Homer, is from the Count’s own 
survey. 

FRANCE, 

A. French journal is now printed at 
Smyrna, under the title of the “ Specta- 
teur Oriental ;” another in the Rassian 
empire, at Odessa ; two French papers 
appear at Madrid, entitled the “ Regu 
lateur,” and the “ Boussole.” © Wngland 
has its “Courier ‘de. Londyes;’ and 
several French journals appear in va-, 
rious parts of Germany and Swit- 
zerland. 


UNITED STATES OF NORTH AMERICA. 


American editions have been printed 
since Christmas of the following Eng- 
lish publications :— 

Marcian Colonna, an Malian Tale; by 
Barry Cornwall. 

The 


358 


The Cavalier, a Romance ; by Lee Gib- 
bons, student-at-law+ 

One Thousand Experiments in Chemis- 
try ; with illustrations of natural pheno- 
mena, and, practical observations on the 
manufactories and chemical processes at 
present pursued in the successful cultiva- 
tion of the useful arts; by Colin Mae- 
kenzie. 

The Personal Narrative of a Private 
Scldier who served in) the 42d  High- 
landers, for twelve ‘years, during the late 
war, 

The Privateer, a Tale, 

Italy ; by Lady Morgan: from a journal 
kept during a residence in Italy in the 
years 1819-20. 

The Works complete of Thomas Moore, 
5 vols. 

Ten. Years’ Exile of the Baroness de 
Stael Holstein ; written by herself. 

Journal of a Voyage for the Discovery of 
a North-west Passage, under the orders of 
Wm. E. Parry, R.N. F.R,S. 

Memoirs of the Rebellion in 1745 and 


Medical Report. 


[May 1, 
17465 by ‘the Chevalier de Johnstone, 
aide-de-camp to Lord George Murray, &c. 

The Young Sea-officer’s Sheet “Anchor, 
or a Key to the Leading of Rigging) and 
to Practical Seamanship; by Darcy Le- 
ver, esq.  ~ 

Reports of Cases determined at 'Nisi 
Prius, in the Court of King’s Bench and 
Common Pleas; by Join Campbell; esq. 
Vols. TIL. and IV. / 

The Lite of Mary Queen of Scots’; by 
George Chalmers, F.R.s, ott) B01 

Laneham’s Letter; describing the mag- 
nificent pageants presented before Queen 
Elizabeth, at Kenilworth Castle, in 1578. 

Valerius, a Roman Story. 

Specimens of the Russian Poets 4’ with 
preliminary remarks and biographical 
notices; translated by John Bowring, 
F.L.S. Boston. 

Bible Rhymes, or the Names of all the 
Books of the Old and New Testament ; by 
Hannah More. de 

Sermons by the Rev. John Venn. 


MEDICAL REPORT. 


Report of Dispases and CasvaviEs occurring inthe public and private Practice 
of the Physician who.has the care of the Western District of the City Dispensary. ° 
—— 


NPseNs can be conceived more cal- 
culated to call forth painful feelings 
than a want of satisfaction respecting the 
management of those complaints that are 
so violent in their attacks and so rapid in 
their termination as to demand = im- 
mediate and decisive measures. Of this 
nature is croup, a disorder in which time 
lost is lost irrecoverably, medicine misap- 
plied is misapplied beyond the possibility 
of reparation. Many little subjects of this 
cruel complaint have undoubtedly been 
torn from the grasp of death by blood-let- 
ting and the warm-bath, but the writer has 
seen both thse expedients tried very often 
without avai, and he has lately in his own 
practice trusted almost entirely to pretty 
large and frequently repeated doses of ca- 
lomel, till the violence of the malady is 
subdued: together with the calomel, he 
orders the tartrite, of antimony ointment 
to the chest; and, when the application 
has been sufficiently early, he can consci- 
entiously and withont reservation affirm, 
that his expectations baye never been dis- 
appointed. Within the few last days he 
has been called upon to treat a case of 
croup '‘that-assumed a most terrific aspect, 
and the time of application for relief was 
at the most critical juncture of the disorder; 
the tracheal inflammationhad just proceed- 
ed to that point in which emptying the 
blood-vessels, if not productive of good, 
must inevitably have proved the cause of 
mischief—another three hours and hope 
would have fled. Two grains of calomel 
were administered every second hour, the 


antimony and opium application) was) or- 
dered to the chest, and the next Morning 
the subject of the disorder was) lyingvin 
bed with a soft and yielding cough, asub- 
dued pulse, and an eruption over the whole 
of the body similar to measles; this last ef- 
fect being demonstrably the result of the 
antimonial ointment, and which, by the 
way, furnishes evidence in favour of the 

ervading influence of the medicine 
In question, and proves that it does: some- 
thing more than produce a vicarious irrita- 
tion of a local kind. It is common to em- 
ploy blisters under these circumstances, 
but cantharides appear to be more partial 
in their operation thanantimony and opium, 
and blisters are positively objectionable 
when placed upon the throat, inasmuch as 
they mechanically impede the respiratory 
process, which, under the circumstances 
supposed, imperiously demands that every 
facility be given to it. When they are 
applied they ought to be applied low down 
on the chest. 

Against the imputation of unduly dread- 
ing the lancet the reporteralways wishes to 
protest. He has just left a patient in whom 
he has thought it necessary to institute five 
successive bleedings, in order at once to 
subdue pulmonary irritation, and make 
way for the unobstructed operation of 
other remedial processes ; but in another 
case with a disorder designated by the same 
name, and abstractedly of a similar nature, 
he might pause upon the propriety of even 
a single blood-letting ; so little is there in 
nomenclaturé as a guide to practice, and 

50 


1822] 


so truly ctrcumstantial is the nature of me- 
dical evidence. 

_ Consamption is, a, term too, indiscrimi- 
nately perhaps employed; even by the pro- 
fessors of medicine; and we are much in- 
debted to the recent researches, of the 
French pathologists for tracing minutely the 
different modes in which pulmonary disor- 
ganization may be induced. The writer 
has lately lost a patient wliose dissolution 
was in) the first instance menaced by a 
cancerous breast; but, the cancerous-dis- 
order suddenly subsiding in that part, was 
followed by a species of asthmatic breath- 
ing and general derangement, such as to 
shew that the schirrous or cancerous dia- 
thetis was, as it were, transferred from the 
exterior to the air-vessels of the Inngs ; and, 
had dissection been permitted, the bron- 
chial cells would most likely have been 
fouad in \a schirrously disorganized condi- 
tion. , Here all medicinal treatment would 
have proved equally unavailing, aa in ge- 
nuine consumption, but the pulmonary 


Report of Chemisiry and Experimental Philosophy. 


359 


state was not such as to justify an applica- 
tion to it of the term consumption. 

Salutary effects: continue to be experi- 
enced in protracted disorders of the stomach 
from the use: of oxyd of bismuth, com- 
bined with equal: quantities of powdered 
rhubarb anda double quantity of traga- 
canth powder: ‘This formula has been 
employed repeatedly by the writer with the 
happiest results; but, when obstinate dys- 
pepsia is complained of, which has resisted 
almost every remedial) trial, let the prac- 
titioner be careful to institute such enqui- 
ries as shall lead to the detection, if it ex- 
ist, of a contraction in some portion of the 
intestinal tube: violent stomach ‘derange- 
ments are often mere sympathetic expres- 
sions of organic ailment, and the physician 
is sometimes sought after when the ‘case 
does not admit of radical relief, except 
fiom the art of surgery. 

D. Uwins, M.D, 

Bedford Row, April 20, 1822. 


REPORT OF CHEMISTRY AND EXPERIMENTAL PHILOSOPHY. 


—_ 


HE world are well acquainted with the 
ijurious etfects of the escape of the 
vast quantities of arsenic and other dele- 
terious substances from the copper smelt- 
ing furnaces in the neighbourhood of Swan- 
sea. » These substances falling on the sur- 
rounding country, have not only greatly 
injured, but almost totally destroyed, vege- 
table and animal life in that vicinity. 
Thousands of acres are rendered useless 
entirely from the arsenic falling in showers 
upon the surface of the land ; and, indeed, 
nuberless instances have occurred of the 
teeth dropping from the mouths of cattle 
that bave grazed in the neighbourhood of 
these furnaces, and, upon examination of 
such teeth, they have been found to be 
coated with a strong crust of copper. Se- 
veral chemical and mechanical projects 
have heen adopted to prevent the escape 
of these substances from the chimney of 
the smelting furnace, and although their 
effects Ihave been confined within the 
works, yet it has been found attended with 
considerable trouble and expence, which 
the copper smelters seem unwilling to 
adopt in their daily practical operations. 
“ The Cadoxton experiments,” as stated in 
this report, seem fully to remove the objec- 
tions of the smelters, and yet obviate all 
the imconyenience to the surrounding 
country. The discovery was first ‘an- 
nounced, by the following paragraph in 
the Swansea paper :—~ 
“ An experiment has been made at Cadoxton, in 
pe eh cel for obras the inconveniences 
pgs | rom the calcining and smelting of copper 
ores, by destroying the noxious ‘qualities of the 
smoke from, the furnaces upon the whole process, 
and by destroying or reducing as much as possible 
the bitominous sinoke; wpon a’ plan adapted to the 
present practicn! operations of copper-waking, and 


without increased expence to the manufacturer.”— 
Cambrian, Nov. 24, 1821, 


The principle aimed at in this experi- 
ment is simple prectpitation; the mode of 
effecting it by gaining as much time as 
possible between the production of the 
smoke in the furnace and its final exit into 
the atmosphere ; in short, by imitating as 
nearly as possible the condensation of 
vapour in a still, where the worm (pre- 
senting the greatest possible surface in the 
smallest possible space) may be considered 
the flue : if the flue in this case could be 
conveniently passed through a cold me- 
dium (as the worm of a still), the imitation 
would be still nearer; butit should seem, 
from the result of this experiment, that it 
is not necessary. ‘The experiment was as 
follows :— 

A calcining furnace (which throws out 
the greatest portion of noxious ingredients) 
of the ordinary dimensions has been erect- 
ed ; instead of a short perpendicular flue, 
an horizontal flue was carried from it on 
the surface of the ground, or rather a set 
of connected flues, 24 in number, consist- 
ing of straight parallel lines rounded off 
at the ends, and furnished with doors for 
the purpose of observation, each line being 
34 feet in length; from the end of this 
line the flue was continued for some dis- 
tance to the pits of a neighbouring lime- 
kiln %2 feet deep, which was furnished 
with a brick cap in the shape of a cone, 
terminating at the top like a common 
chimney, and making an upright vent of 
50 feet, the whole length of the flue being 
950 feet ; the bottom of the fine rises about 
an inch in every 34 feet, upon the principle 
that a regular ascent was necessary to in- 
dulge the propensity of the hydrogen to 
ascend, and thus facilitate its passage 
foyward, whilst it was at the same time de- 

sirable 


360 
sivable to keep the: smoke confined toa 
passage as nearly horizontal, as; was con- 
sistent with.. that, principle 5, for, in. a 
former experiment; it had been found that, 
from the want of this caution, and in con- 
sequence of some descent, in the flue, the 
hydrogen accumulated. in it so as to burn 
like gas on the application of,a light, and 
on one occasion to cause a violent ex- 
plosion. 

In the first experiment. with the new 
flues a ton of copper was placed in the 
furnace, when at a proper heat, and the 
process of calcining commenced : the fol- 
lowing account is extracted from the letter 
of the gentleman who reports upon it :— 

*‘ The smoke issuing from the vent was 
perceptible only to a good eye looking 
against. a wood behind it; two persons 
ascended to the top of the perpendicular 
stack, whilst a workman stirred the ore in 
the farnace: whilst this was doing, two 
observers sat on the edge of the stack on 
the lee side, so that all the smoke which 
issued must pass over their faces; and 
they state that they. found no kind of in- 
conveniencies when seated on the mouth 
of the chimney.” The reporter says, 
“ Whilst I ‘stood by the furnace I could 
perceive a small issue of smoke, which 
appeared to hover for an instant at the 
mouth of the stack, but was dissipated very 
soon after it had entered the atmosphere. 
I went up to the stack and into it by 
the door, there I found a mixture of smoke 
and hydrogen gas, smelling like common 
smoke, but I inhaled it repeatedly with- 
oul experiencing any of those distressing 
sensations which always affect me when I 
inhale copper smoke, and to which you 
were once witness, as we walked by the 
crown works on a day when, the smoke 
being remarkably low, it wasimpossible to 
avoid it. I immediately went into the 
garden and procured a common plant in a 
pot in full vegetation ; this I had placed on 
the summit of the stack, and the superin- 
tendant tells me this evening, that it does 
not yet appear at all affected ; indeed, he 
declares it impossible tliat it should be ; he 
says he has no doubt remaining on the 
subject, ‘ the thing is accomplished, and 
nearly all the smoke which does escape is 
combustible ;’ he adds, ‘ it is evident that 
950 feet of such flues are sufficient to 
destroy all the noxious properties of the 
copper works.’” 

‘This experiment was made on the 23d of 
March, 1822, On the’@5th, the reporter 
proceeds as follows—‘* On opening the 
flues this morning the first and second were 
found charged with soot and a white crust, 
probably arsenic, and sulphur over the 
bottom and lower part of the sides. - Nas, 
3, 4, and 5, presented soot, with a super- 
statum of sulphur, in considerable quan- 
tities. Mr. Young thinks that the three 
flues contained from 4 cwt. to 1 cwt, of 


Report of Chemisiry and Experimental Philosophy. 


{May I, 
deposit, the 6th.and? th soot, and a smaller 
quantity..of sulphur ; the 8th coal-tar, 
which; continued to form on to, the 14th, 
gradually diminishing, accompanied by’ 
very. little, sulphur... From the 16th to 
the end, there was no.deposit worth notice, 
and \the. bricks and mortar of the 24th 
were not even discoloured. On lighting 
the furnace to-day. the smoke was. ten 
minntes in reaching the mouth of the stack. 
After the fire was well up, we threw in a 
bundle of wet straw, and observed that the 
smoke arising from its combustion appear- 
ed at the mouth of the stack in three 
minutes.” The reporter proceeds, to ob- 
serve, ‘¢ It uow appears, in the undeniable 
shape of experimental fact, that the noxi- 
ous parts of copper-smoke may _be effec- 
tually controlled and compelled to,stay, in- 
dvors without any chemistry besides. that 
which natures furnishes. Bricks and mor- 
tar, and a tolerable mason, are all the array 
of power and science which need be called 
into action. The draft in your fines. is so 
perfect, that Mr, amanager of 
copper-works, who furnished the...ore, 
cautioned the man against.allowing..the 
fire to become too intense for the process.of 
calcination; and there is no. doubt that 
several hundred feet of flue might be added 
without impeding the draft, .M.———, 
however, thinks that all which now escapes 
may be consumed by combustion;..we 
have no doubt on the subject.” ..~ ».. 
The writer of the foregoing. letters, 
having been warned against trusting;too 
implicitly to first impressions, ona single 
attempt to reduce principle into practice, 
writes on the 28th March as follows :— 
“ In the detail which I sent you,-L believe 
I did not observe, as I should hayedone, 
that the ore was as well calcined im as short 
atime, and without mere fuel, as,is used 
in the ordinary flues;—this by way of sup- 
plying an apprehended omission, Now 
for the objections which have presented 
themselves, either in the shape-of my own 
ideas or the sayings of others. It did 
occur to me that the newness of the flues 
night operate favourably in expediting the 
process of condensation and precipitation. 
It was also said, that the fresh. mortar 
would have a chemical action on the acid 
particles of the smoke, and thus neutralize 
one part of the mischief. A question has 
also been started, whether there can be 
sufficient draught obtained through such a 
length of flue to melt the ore after calcina- 
tion. On this last point I have.feit doubts, 
but the superintendant says he feels no 
doubt on the subject, and states; that, if 
any such difficulty should arise; he would 
shorten the passage without apprehension, 
becanse in the process of melting there is 
far less offensive matter -disengaged,-and 
of course léss to precipitate, than tn caleina- 
tion. It is fair also’ to take mito Consi- 
deration that our stack or chimney is not 
the 


. 


1822.] 


the most favourable in its formation, being 
very open and much wider than the flues. 
He argnes further, flat the construction 
of.a smelting furnace is calculated to in- 
crease a draught tothe utmost, whilst that 
of a calciner is calculated to’ check its 
direct velocity, because an intense heat 
would be improper for that part of the 
process. Now the-calciner at Cadoxton 
became so hot, when the fire for drying 
the flues was at its-height, that the doors 
were red hot,—a degree of heat far too 
great for calcination, and this too, let it 
be observed, with your own coal*, which 
would do nothing with the old flues, and 
which the copper works could not use 
withouta mixture of bituminous coal.” 
As to the objection on account of the 
newness of the flues, I cannot refuse my 
assent to the argument with which it is 
rebutted by the superintendant: he says 
the flues had smoke from a roaring furnace 
passing through them for 48 hours before 
‘they were used in the experiment, being 
composed of bricks and thin tile-stone; 
the former only on edge, and with no 
more mortar between them than serves to 
close the interstices ; such a process would 
be likely to exhaust a large portion of 
their moisture, Then, as for the new lime, 
that ‘also was become nearly dry, and was 
in too’small a quantity to produce any 
specific effect. Then we come to the facts 
developed ‘on inspecting the flues: they 
were coated with the matters deposited, 
consequently the surface of this coating 
could not be affected by the substances 


* The coal here alluded to is a sort of 
inferior ¢nlm, fit for little else than lime- 
burning : it has little or no binding quality, 
and willnot coke; so that without a mix- 
tare’ of binding coal it has always been 
considered unfit for the copper-smelter. 


Commercial Report. 


361 


beneath the substratum of deposit ; hows 
ever, those and all other objections ought 
to be fairly met, and this can be done only 
by a perseverance ‘in the experiment. We 
have spoken to several intelligent gentle- 
men, who will’come and give us their re- 
marks on the next calcination. 

From this report there appears good 
reason for believing that the principles, ex- 
emplified by this experiment, will put an 
end to a nuisance more destructive to 
animal and vegetable life than any other 
existing in this kingdom, ; 

The deposit from the regular copper- 
works in the neighbourhood of Swansea 
and. Neath (in which many chaldrons of 
coals are consumed every hour, day and 
night, throughout the year) must be im- 
mense, and it will be matter of curious 
enquiry whether this deposit may. not be 
turned to profit by the manufacturers. It 
has heen found to yield by analizing three 
per cent. of fine copper and thearsenic, sul- 
phur, and other substances which abound 
in copper ore may possibly be made pro- 
fitable ; even the spare heat on so large a 
surface as these horizontal flues cover may 
present a climate for trades requiring a 
moderate degree of heat, or for hot honses, 
glass frames, &c. ‘Time will probably 
develope great improvement in this branch 
of trade, which has remained stationary 
perhaps for a century past. 

This short description, however im- 
perfect or unscientific, is submitted on the 
impression raised by the reports referred to, 
for the purpose of inducing intelligent and 
scientific men to turn their- minds to this 
very interesting subject. The mischiefs 
produced by the present system of smelt- 
ing copper can scarcely be conceived by 
a stranger unacquainted with its destruc- 
tive Conseqnences. 


MONTHLY COMMERCIAL REPORT. 


PRICES or MERCHANDIZE. 


Cocoa, W.I.common --#3 0 0 to 4 
Coffee; Jamaica, ordinary 5 4 0 — 5 
Cofiee, ————, fine --+ 610 0 — 6 
———, Mocha's-s+%60612 0 0 — 18 
Cotton, W«I.common-- 0 0 8 — 0 
ry Demerara--++e2 O 0 YA— O 
Currants -+-+--.- reeeee 510 0 — 5 
Pigs, Turkey pepe ries oe SB OY en 4 
Plax, Riga -+-+-.<80005 55.0 0 — 0 
Hemp, Riga, Rhine .»-» 52.0 0 — 53 
ps; new, Pockets.+.. 3.0 0 — 4 

7 ,Sussex,do, 3 5 0 — 5 
Iron, British, Bars +--+ 8 0.0 — 8 
T y Pi esvrees 5 O O — 6 
Gi Rastirs sndnere 39.0 0— O 
—,,Galipolicess.seess++ 66 0 0 — 0 
Rags sctiimdne waxmane nytt, 05i—<e2,0 
Raisins, bloom or jaryncw 3.14 0 — 4 
Rice, Patna kind .-.--. 014 0 — O 
——., East India......5. 010 0 — O 


Mon’razty Mac, No, 367. 


— 
March 22. 


April 26. 
“0 0 3.9 0 — $3 15 0 perewt. 
70} 5 2 0 5 & 0. do. 
18 0} 510 0 — 512 0 do. 
0 0413 0 0.—20 0 0. do. 
0 9%} 0 0 8)— O 0° 9%per lb. 
1 07) 0 0 98-0 1, 04-do, 
15. 0 513 0 — 0.0 0 perewt. 
8 0) 3 0 0 =. 4 8 0. do. 

0 0 00 0 — 0 0 Oper ton. 
o 0; 0 0.0 — 0.0.0. do. 
10. 0°} 3 5 O--—5 OO perewt. 
0 0} 215-0 — 8B 0.0 do, 
10 0} 8 0 @ — 8 10.0 per ton. 

19 0} 5.0 0.—' 610 0. do. 
0 0+} 39.0.0 — 0-0-0 per jar. 
0 0 |}65 0 0 — 0 0.0 per ton. 
0 0 118 0. — 0.0 0 perewt. 
0 0 $10 0 — 0 00 = do. 
160/000 — 00 0 do. 
12 0 09 0 — 010 0 do. 

Z % 


wo 


t 
ty 
~ 


G62 of Bankrupts. [May 1, 
Silk, China, raw-eeeeree 1 1 0 — 4 1 4 {1 019 1 — 019 6 per Ib. 
——, Bengal, skein «+++ 013 1 — 016 °7 |} 013 14 — 016 7%. do. 
Spices, Cinnamon +<++++)0) 89 19 0 9) DofOo'8 9490.69 O - do, 
- » Cloves -seeeeee' 9 ''3 '9'— 0 0.0.1°0'°310' — 03 41, do. 

» Nutmegs's-+2-* 0 3 9.—),0 310.) 0,310, —-)01070) «do. 

» Pepper, blacks» 0:0 72—90 0.0 | 0 0 7% — 0°00" do. 

4 white 6-90 4S — 0 PS OV SE On TA? Sys (dO. 
Spirits, Brandy, Cogniac 0 3.6 — 0 4+ 2 | 0°94 3°04 5 per gal. 

, Geneva Hollands 0 1 °2°— 0 47) 0°14 4 — 0 4.57 -do. 

, Rum, Jamaica--' 0-114 — O 2 1 },.0 1140 —°0.2 0 + do. 
Sugar, browns+s*eesee25) 2417.0 — 3 0 0 | 216 0 — “3 00 percewt. 
——, Jamaica, fine +--+» 3:12 0° — 317 0 | 312 0 — 3.17.0) -do. 
——, East India, brown 0 12 0 — 015 0 | 012.0 — 0:18 0." do. 
—+, lump, finesse 415 0 — 5 0 0) 415 0 — 418 0° do. 
Tallow, town-melted---. 2 6 6 — 00 0] 2 3 0 — 0.0.0; do. 

, Russia, yellows: 2 3.0 — 00 0] 2 4 0 —+2 18-0 do. 
Tea, Boheas-++--+++++2 0 2 53— 0 2'6 | 0 2 53 — 0 0 0O per Ib. 
-—, Hyson, best +--+.» 0 3 4.— 0 3 7) 0 3°14 ~9O B97 do. _ 
Wine, Madeira, old «--« 22.0 0° — 33 0 0 |28 0 0 — 330) 0 perpipe 
——, Port, old +++++---24 0 0 —55 0 0 124 0 0 —55 0 0... do. 
——, Sherry --re+es-99 25 0 0 —60 0 O 125 0 0 — 65 00 per butt 


Premiums of Insurance-—Guernsey or Jersey, 15s. 0d.—Cork or Dublin, 153. 0d.— 
Belfast, 158. Od-—Hambro’, 10s, 6d. to 12s, 6d.—Madeira, 20s, Od.—Jamaica, 30s.— 
Greenland, out and home, 5 gs. to 8 gs. 

Course of Exchange, April 26.—Amsterdam, 12 6.—Hamburgh, 37 $,—Paris, 25 20. 
Leghorn, 472.—Lisbon, 501.—Dublin, 93 per cent. 

Premiums on Shares and Canals, and Joint Stock Companies, at the Office of Wolfe and 
Edmonds’.—Birmingham, 6001.—Coventry, 10001.—Derby, 135/.—Ellesmete, 60/.— 
Grand Surrey, 53/.—Grand Union, 21/.—Grand Junction, 2401.—Grand Western, 51. 
—Leeds and Liverpool, 3601.—Leicester, 2901.—Loughbro’, 34001—Oxford, 6701.— 
Trent and Mersey, 1900/.—Worcester, 25l.—East India Docks, 162/.—London, 
1061.—West India, 184/.—Southwark BrinGe, ¢2/,.—Strand, 5l.—Royal Exchange 
AssuRANCE, $541.—Albion, 50L—Globe, 1331—Gas Lignr Company, 651.—City 
Ditto}' 1131. 


The 3 per cent. Reduced, on the 26th was 774 4; 3 per cent. Consols, 783 45 5 per 
cent. Navy, 102} 4. 


Gold in bars, 3!.176.104d. per oz.—New doubloons, 3/. 15a,—Silver in bars, 4g. 114d. 


ALPHABETICAL List OF BANKRUPTCIES announced between the 20th of March, 
and the 20th of April, 1822: extracted from the London Gazette. 
ae 


BANKRUPTCIES. [This Month 96.J Davidson, W. and A, Garnett, Liverpool, merchants. 


Solicitors’ Names are in Parentheses. 


ABBOTTS, T. and R. Skinner-street, wine-mer- 
chants. ( Heath 
Acland, H. Leadenhall-street, butcher. (Pearce 
Arnsby, S. Fishtoft, Lincolnshire, and T, Arnsby, 
‘Tansor, Northamptonshire,horse-dealers.(Wright 

Artherton, W.° Everton, near Liverpool, brewer. 
(Hind, Liverpool , 

Baker,W Rew, Devonshire, farmer. (Andros and Co, 

Barnes, W. Liverpool; merchants. (Chester 

pny ‘f Dewsbury, Yorkshire, clothier. (Fisher 
and Co. 

Barthorp, W. sen. Hull, and W. Barthorp, jun. 
Bradford, woolstaplers. (Styam 

Baylis, J. Dunton, WarwWickshire, coal-merchant. 
Hall and Co. 

Beltham, G. London, master-mariner. (Tatham 

Birmingham, F. Wellington Brewery, Charles-street, 
City-road, brewer. (Miller 

Boulbee, ‘F. Litehfield, coal-master. (Scudamore 

Branwhite, P. Bristol, fringe-manufacturer, (Bayn- 
ton and Son 

Brow, S. Fulham. (Branscomb 

Browne, W.J. and W. Kermode, Liverpool, mer- 
chants. (Adjington snd Co. 

Buckle, ©. Manchester, draper. (Adlington and Co. 

Chalmey's, J. sen. High Holborn, shoe-maker. 
(Duncombe 

Corbett, E. Liverpool, brewer, (Adlington and Co. 

Creston, LT. Westhoughton, Lancashire, manufac- 


turer. (Norris, L. 
Dean, R. W. and T. W. Cooke, Bethnal-green, 
brewers. (Coren, L, 


(Battye ; 

Deckworrh, E. Ribchester, Lancashire, yictualler. 
(Appleby and Co. | 

Emmett, W. Leicester-sq. tailor. (Collett and Co. 

Evans, J. Sheerness, haberdasher, - (Spence and Co. 

Findlay, J. L. Minories, clothes’-salesman, (Sheffield 

Firmstone, J. jun. Lower Milton, Worcestershire, 
dealer. (Whitaker 

Foulds, A, Loveclough, Lancashire, cotten-spinner. 
(Makinson 

Friend, J. Bristol, malster. (Cary and Co. 

Frost, G. Sheffield, cheesemonger. (Wilson 

Furnivall, W. and J. Hardy, Stratford-upon-Avon, 
corn-merchants. (‘Taylor 

Garnett, A. Liverpool, merchant. . (Battye 

Garneit, J. Liverpool, linen-draper, (Lowe and Co; 

Grats W. and M. Moss, Liverpool, cordwainer. 
(Adlington and Co. 

Handforth, D. Manchester, victualler. 
and Co. 

Harrison, J. Mount-terrace 


Whitechapel-road, 
flour-factor. i 
Herbert, P. and 


(Parkinson, Norwich 
J (Osbal- 
deston and Co. 


London, merchants, 
Hobson, G. Middleton, Lancashire, corn-dealer. 
~ (Adlington and Co. : 
Holinden, W.. Milton, Kent, grocer. (Pitches 
Hoyle, T., J. Lord, J. Chatham, and, W. Fothergill, 
- Manchester, calico-printers,. (Norris 
Hudson, W.. Ebenezer-place, , Commercial 
ship-owner. (Scale Of-.% 
Hughes, M. B. and J. H. Dudley, Worcestershire, 
iron-founders. (Clarke and Go. { 
Ivatts, J. Gerrard’s-hall, Basing-Jane, wine-mer- 
chant, (Jones 


(Adlington 


road, 


Jeffreson, 


1822.] 


(Edwards 

Jeremy, D. Strand, linen-draper, (Richardson & Co, 

Jullion, J. Holborn, jeweller... (Hannam 

Lacey, J. Bristol, earthenwareman. (Wodehouse 

Loutten, G. West Teignmouth, Devonshire, rope- 
maker... (Hore 

Lyes, W. Cheltenham, coal-merchant. (Winter- 
botham, Tewkesbury 

M‘Clure, Sowigan, shopkeeper. (Gaskill 

M‘Shane, M. Foley-place, Portman-square, uphol- 
sterer. (Stevens and Co. 

Major, J. W. Frome Selwood, Somersetshire, clo- 
thier, (Edmunds 

May, W. Newbury, malster., (Hamilton and Co. 

Miles, S. Ludgate-st. watch-maker. (Rosser and Co, 

Miller, W.>Chapel-street, Pentonville, merehant. 
(Kearsey and Co. 

Monnington, W. Chepstow, grocer. (Evans 

Murphy, P. Charlotte-street, Bloomsbury, wine- 
nierchant. “(Gains 

Paull, xe Bolehall, Warwickshire, tanner. (Hicks 
an 


O, 
Penrith, W. Bath, draper. (Jenkins and Co. 
Pexton, J. Skipton, Yorksh. innkeeper. (Beverley 
Pickersgill, J. Wood-street, Spitalfields, silk-manu- 
facturer. pant 
Pickett,J, Caroline-street,Commercial-road, bullder. 
(Stevens and Co. 
Pitstar,«J. jun. Witham, Essex, miller. (Wilson 
Quirk, P. jun. Liverpool, corn-merchant. (Wheeler 
Ramsden, W. Leeds, victualler, (Battye 
Reynolds,H. Cheltenham, saddler. (Williams and Co, 
Richardson, J.|Hull, corn-dealer. (Rosser and Son 
Richardson, J. Webb’s County Terrace, New Kent- 
road, corn-factor. (Lester ; 
Ripley, 0B. High-street, ghee mathematical 
and Co, 


Bankrupts and Dividends. 


Jeffreson, W. Framlingham, Suffolk, apothecary. - 


363 


Robinson, R. Liverpool, coyn-dealer, (Chester 

Rodd, C. W. Broadway, Worcestersh. pi aundale 

Sanders, T. Stratfurd-on-Ayon, coal-merchant. 
(Tyrrell and Son 

Sharp,J. Houndsditch, auctioneer. (Cockaye and Co. 

pe et OP York, merchant. (Walker 

Smethurst, J) sen. and oR. Hindle, Torkington, 
Cheshire, calico-printers., (Milne and Co. 

Standen, T. Lancaster, slater.. (Armstrong 

gre Newcastle-upon-Tyne, insurance-broker. 

aker 

Steglend alingrragls map.and chartseller. (Smith 
and Co. 

Tate, W. Cateaton-street, bookseller‘and stationer. 
(Dickinson and Co. : 

Thornicraft, J. Coventry, victualler, .(Hall.and Co. 

Fhomings, E. and J. Dimmock, Kingswinford, Staf- 
fordshire Pigriron manufacturers. | (Williams 

Tomlinson, J. edfordbury, woollen-draper,..,(Ne- 
thersole and Co. : 

Trevaskiss,J. Sidney-place, Cominerclal-road, ta‘lor. 
(Hindman . . 

Trowbridge, J. Shaftesbury, sticking-manufacturer. 
(Buchanan ; 

Turner, W. Leyton, Essex, horse-dealer. (Griffiths 

Vincett, N. Northampton-place, Old. Kent-road, 
draper. Late aud Co. " 

Walter, J. Islington, linen-draper, (Swaia and Co, 

Watton, W. Lichfield, brewer. (Constable and Co, 

Waunt, W. Armley, Yorkshire, cloth-manufacturer. 
(Stocker und Co. 

Welsford, W. Tower-hill, merchant, (Woodward 

Westbrook, J. Redburn, Herts, innkeeper. (Hodg- 
son and Co. 

Westlake, J. Moretonhampstead, serge-maker. 
(Brutton ; 

Wickham, W, jun. Chichester, butcher. (Johnson 


instrument maker. (No 
Robinson, M, Sebright-p 
(Norton 


ing, Walsham-le-Willows 


Abbott, S. New-court, St Swi- 
thin’s-lane 
Abbott, J. Weymouth-street, Port- 


,Jand-place 
Abrahall, J. Noble-street 
Adams, S. and J, J. Wattleworth, 
» Walsall 
Adlington, J. Tottenham 
pie Oe veo ; 
rt, T. R. Birmingham 
riesgas J. Ware = 
Atkinson, P. Rathbone-place 
Atkinson, T. and J. Shark, New- 
castle-upon-Tyne 
Attwood, A. Lymington 
Baines, T. Preston, Lancashire 
Baker, J. Bath 
Joaker, W. Ticehurst, Sussex 
Beaumont, J. Beech-st. Barbican 
Bibby, R. Liverpool 
lackbyrne, F. Liverpool 
Blanchford, R. Little Tower-hill 
Bowden, G. BarJbrough, Derbysh. 
Boyes, B. Tokenhouse-yard 
Breeton, G, N, Devizes 
Brown, C. Dundee 
Brockliss, J. Oxford 
Burrows,§.Miles-lane Cannon-st 
Burbury,T, Woolston, W arwicksh. 
Bursey, J. jan. George-street 
Bumpus, J. Holborn 
Butler, T. Baker-street, St. Mary- 
le-bonne j 
Callow, J. Princes’-street, Soho 
Cary, J. Racquet-court, Fleet-st. 
Caw, T. Bush-lune, _ 
Chambers, P- Stamford 
Clively, EB. Woolwich: 
Olark, J. Commereial-road 
Olulow, E. New Mills, Derbysh, 
Lopes P, Bridgnorth 
Cole, W. Sinn ngton, Yorkshire 
Cooper, W. Leeds 
Collinson, E. Crooked-lane 
Crowden, R. Knightsbridge 
Curtis, J. Fordinbridge, Hants 
Danby, W. Lucas-street, Com- 
mercial-road 
Pecble, BE. B. Welbeck-street 
Dobell, J. Cranbrook 


.) Hackney-road, plumber. 
Robinson, W. Botesdale, Saffolk, malJster. 


(Gold- 


DIVIDENDS. 


Dolphin, E. Cheadle, Staffordshire 

Dufour, W. F. A. Berners’-street 

Dunkin, W. and J. Southampton 

Datton, G. Brown’s-buildings, St. 
Mary Axe 

Edwards, L. O. Minories 

Elgar, W. Maidstone 

Ezard, H. Brentford 

Feize, J. Lawrence Pountney-lane 

Fisher, F. Edgware-road 

Flindt, G. London-wall 

Foreman, J. Kettleburgh, Suffolk 

Fosbery, W. Liverpool, and R. 
Bamber, Dublin 

Foster, T. and E.S. Yalding, Kent 

Galey, J. and W. Birmingham 

Garner, J. Worcester 

Gray, T. Wardour-street 

Greaves, Jaurh Liverpool 


Hackett, Newport, Isle of 
Wight 

Harrison, W. H. Farnsficld, Not- 
tingbamehire 


Hart, J. Bath 

Hartley, R. Papen 

Heseltine, B. Nicholas-lane 

Hilary, P. Mark-lane 

Holland, 8. Bexhill, Sussex 

orsfall, J. Gildersome, Yorksh. 

Keating, A. Strand 

Kirkman, C. I. Deal 

Knowler, J. Liverpool 

Laugher, H. Birmingham 

Lecand, B. i. Great Prescott-str. 

Lewin, J. Holloway 

Lincoln, KR. St. James’s-street 

Lone, H.J.V. and F, B. Feltoe, 
Great Tower-street 

Longh, R, Upper Ground-street, 

lackfriars’-road 

Lynn, T. Jerusalem Coffee-house 

Magsom, S, Leadenhall-street 

Mason, J. Manchester 

Matthews, T, High Holborn 

Newman, H. Skinner-street 

Osler, J. Truro 

Pasteor, J. L. Stoney Stratford 

Pearson, J, Leicester 

Perkins, R. Lymington — 

Vigrum, J. and F, R, Maidstone 


and Co. 
Willcock, W. F. Plymouth, dealer. (Adlingtonand.Co. 
Young, W. and 
mitage, wharfingers. 


Downes’? Wharf, Her- 


- Renard ? 
(Bectholme and Co. 


Proctor, G. and W. Birmioyham 

Pulleyn, W. Leadentiall-street 

Purkis, W. Portsmouth. 

Raistrick, S. Calverley, Yorkshire 

Ramscar, M. Pancras-lune, Buck- 
lersbury 

Redman, J, Oxford-streét 

Richardson, J. Liverpoo) 

Roberts, J. Brongain, Montga- 
meryshire 

Sawyer, S, Ramsgate - 

Seager, S. P. Maidstone 

Sergeant, F. Millbank-row 

Sewell, S. Aldersgate-street 

Shoobridge, C. Kensington 

Smith, J. W. and T. Townley, 
Manchester 

Somersett, R. M. Marlborough 

Sperrin, T, Thornbury, Glouces- 
tershire : 

Street, P. and W, Bucklersbury 

Stonhill, W. Stewkley, Bucks 

Studd, of L, Kirby-street, Hatton- 


garden 
Sweet,.G, Northtawton, Devonsh, 
Thompson, T, Camomile-street 
Trew, T. Chichester j 
Troughton, Jos., C. As Newcomb, 
as.Troughton,and B,Trough- 
ton, jun, Coventry. 
Walters, J. Studham, Herts 
Whalley, J. B. Basinghall-street 
Whitchurch, J, Worship-street, 
Finsbury-square : 
White; T. Brinklow, Warwicksh. 
Willis, J. Wardour-street, 


Wilson, J. Shakespeare-walk, 
Shadwell | ( 
Wilyon, W. ,R., Crown-court, 


Broad-street 
Wilson, J. Macclesfield 
Williams, J. Bishopsgate-within 
Woolfe, J. Birmingham. ‘ 
Worthington, H, and W, Row- 
landson,. Bolton-le-Moors 
Wecshanten J, aud M. Mincing- 
ane 
Noon, P, jun. andR. Anderson, 


apping. 
MONTHLY 


[ 364 ] 


[May 1, 


MONTHLY AGRICULTURAL REPORT. 


=e Z 


rpue change, during Easter week, toa 
cold and blighting temperature, had a 
visible effect upon vegetation, ‘and was 
very injurious to the fruit blossoms. ‘The 
wheats had previously suffered in colour 
and condition, from similar alternations. 
From such appearances it has been augured 
that the crops on the ground will not 
equal in produce those of several preceding 
years, but this must depend on the subse- 
quent weather, Ineltiding spring-wheat, 
the greater part of which is Talavera or 
Spanish, the extent is very great. All 'the 
spring crops, except broad-cast beans, have 
been well got in, though, on difficult soils, 
with much trouble and expense. Potatoe 
planting has proceeded successfully and 
on the usual large scale. The arable lands 
are almost universally in a foul and dete- 
riorated state’; in part from the mildness of 
the winter season, but chiefly from the de- 
ficient means of the farmers. Rape, cole, 
and seeds, are promising crops. - amb is 
in great plenty, and of fine quality, from 
the unfailing abundance of food for the 
ewes, Wool, as usual, is quoted, in one 
part of the country, on the advance ; and, 


in others, on ‘the’ decline.’ ‘The great 
plenty of feed has improved the price of 
lean stock, in some degree; and: other 
temporary causes have advanced the price 
of wheat. It is even reported that farms 
are letting at an advanced rent,and imder 
a stroug competition of the tenantry, ‘in 
the west of England. The» London ticsh- 
markets ate still filled to an overflow. 
A provincial paper states, that—‘ Plenty 
of every ‘sert, either in actual possession 
or prospective, surrounds us $ and yet, such 
is the perverted order of things, that we 
hear nothing but cries of ruin, distress, and 
misery.” 

Smithficld.—Beef 2s. 6d. to: 38. 4di— 
Mutton 2s. 6d. to 3s, 8d.— Lamb 3s. to 6s. 
—Veal 3s. 4d. to 4s, 8d.—Pork. 28.64. 
to 4s. 8d.— Bacon ——.—Raw Fat 2s. 43d. 

Corn Exchange.— Wheat 52s. to 64s,— 
Barley 15s. to 26s,—Oats 14s. to» 263,.— 
The quartern loaf in London 7d, to 9d. 
—Hay 52s. to 84s,—Clover 42s. to 100s. 
—Straw 26s, to 36s.—Rye straw 40s. 
Coals in the, pool 28s. 6d. to 40s, Gd. 

Middlesex, Apris 22, 1822. 


POLITICAL AFFAIRS IN APRIL. 


ee : 


GREAT BRITAIN, 

HE following is the extraordinary 
Report of the Committee of Par- 
Tiament on the distresses of the landed 
interest. It-will- be seen, that the ad- 
vantage of making provisions dear is 
insisted on, and that this is the sole ob- 
ject of the' Committee! The people of 
England demand, however, a reduction 
of taxes and public expenditure, as the 

Jegitimate and rational remedy. 

The Select Committee appointed to in- 
quire into the allegations of the several 
petitions which haye’ been presented to 

‘parliament in the last and present sessions 
of parliament, complaining of the distressed 
state of the agriculture of the United King- 
dom, have considered that among all the 
important objects referred to them, none 
could be more deserving of their earliest 
attention than an inquiry into any mea- 
‘sures that could be suggested for affording 
-some temporary relicf to the distresses of 
which the nimnerous petitioners with so 
much reason complain, and which appear, 
from the returns of the average priees of 
‘corn during the late 'wecks, to be progres- 
sively increasing rather than diminishing. 

Your committee donot yenture to deter- 

“mine, whether the ‘present state of the 
corn-market be owilig'to an excess of pro- 
duction, or to what extent that excess may 
reach, beyond the usual and requisite sup. 


ply; or whether the necessities of the occu- 
piers of land cause an unprecedented ea- 
gerness to dispose of their produce at 
almost any price : but it appears, from an 
official return, that the quantity of British 
wheat and oats (but not of barley) sold in 
Mark-lane, between the 1st of November 
and the ist of March last, has very consi- 
derably exceeded the quantity sold in the 
corresponding months of the twenty: pre- 
ceding years. 

Such an excess of supply beyond’ de- 
mand can have no other effect than to 
continue the depression of price, and’ in- 
crease the accumulation of the stock upon 
hand ; while it is evident, from the present 
very low rate of price on the continent of 
Europe, as compared with prices in: this 
country, that there is no chance of resort- 
ing to the natural expedient of relieving 
the market by exporting any portion of our 
own corn, even with the aid of any bounty 
which would not be excessive. 

Two other modes have therefore been 
under the consideration of your committee; 
by the first’of whicli it: was proposed, that 
one ‘million of Exchequer-bills should be 
applied to purchasing, through the agency 
of government, and laying up in store,/a 
certain portion of wheat grown in ‘the 
United Kingdom and by the seeond, that 
facility and encouragement should be 
offered to individuals to deposit a part of 
their stock in warchouses, so that amd 

night 


1822.j 


might not be forced to come, into, the. mar- 
her aimuitaeseeet,) and und thie Atdad 
vantage of excessive competition, but 
might be! €nabled to wait nntih the:supply, 
having approached nearerto,the wants, of 
the consumers, might afford, if not a\remu- 
nerating; lat, least. a price somewhat, less 
ruinons for theimproduee, 

With regard to the first of these propo- 
sals, the general objections against making 
the public, tlirough the executive govern- 
ment, a dealer and speculator in corn, the 
suspicions to which it: might give rise, and 
the uneasiness mthe public feeling which 
it might eventually excite, the danger of 
its being drawn into precedent, the claims 
which it might»be supposed to give to 
other important articles of domestic pro- 
duce, whenever they might be exposed to 
similar depression, and the universal rule of 
allowing all articles, as much as possibie, to 
find their own natural leyel, by leaving the 
supply to adjust itself to the demand, dis- 
courage your committee from recommend- 
ing it; even under this extraordinary emer- 
gency, and with all the guards and qualifi- 
cations of a temporary expedient. But, 
with regard to the second, although much 
less efficacious in its operation, the objec- 
tion of government becoming a purchaser 
does not apply, as individuals would in 
this case act for themselves, and according 
to their own discretion, the government 
interfering no otherwise than by making. 
advances upon the commodity deposited, 
which would be repaid, with a low rate of 
interest, as. soon as the article should be 
brought to market. 

For effecting this object, two different 

modes ‘have. been suggested; by one of 
which» it’ was proposed, that, when the 
weekly average price is under 58s, (the 
import scale remaining as at present) wheat 
should: be stored, subject to a monthly al- 
lowance of sixpence per quarter, until the 
average price should reach 65s. 
+ Phe’ whole, quantity not to exceed 
600,000 quaxters, and the time for which 
the allowance'should be.payable not to ex- 
ceed itwelve or eighteen months. 

Not more than a certain number of 
quavters, nor Jess than another specified 
number of, quarters, to be stored on the 
part of any individual or firm. 

The owner of the corn so deposited to 
be at liberty to withdraw it at any time, 
waving his. claim to allowance, or re- 
funding it. 

Phe other proposition, was, that for) the 
purpose of relieving the glut which at pre- 
sent presses upon the grain-market, the go- 
vernment, whenever. the average price of 
wheat shall be under 60s, should grant ad- 
vances of money upon such corn of the 
growth of the United Kingdom, as should 
be deposited in fit and proper warehouses 
upon, the river Thames, and in the ports 4o 
be hereafter specified, to an extent not ex- 


Political Affairs in April. 


365 


ceeding two-thirds of the market-value of 
such corn; the quality of the corn and the 
fitness of the warehouses to be approved of 
by officers. to,.be appointed by the go- 
vernment, 

The loan tobe at the rate of three per 
cent. andthe period of deposit not to ex- 
ceed twelve, months. 

The corn,.to, be withdrawn at the will of 
the depositor, upon payment of the in- 
terest, warehouse rent, and other charges. 

The.sum of one million so applied, would 
probably be fully adequate to giye a tem- 
porary check to, the excess which is con- 
tinually poured into the. already, over- 
stocked market. 3 

If the House should be inclined to agree 
with your committee in countenancing the 
latter of these propositions, itis evident 
that it ought to lead to some immediate 
proceeding ; and, although no very great 
effect can be contemplated from adopting 
it, its operation, as far as it may extend, 
can hardly. fail to afford some temporary 
relief. 

There is another measure also to which, 
it is fit to call the early attention of the 
house. 

The foreign grain and flour of all sorts in 
different warehouses under _ the .king’s 
lock, appears to have amounted, on the 
5th of January last, to 897,136 quarters; 
with ,egard to which, although there is 
little probability that it can soon come 
into competition with our home produce, 
yet it still hangs over tue market in a_for- 
midable mass, ready to be poured in) at 
ence, creating no small degree of panic as 
to its future operation, and invested with a 
sort of elaim (which is of the utmost:im- 
portance) to be brought out free from 
duty, whenever the ports shal] be opened 
under the.existing law, even supposing any. 
duty shall be imposed by parliament, under 
an alteration of that. law, upon, all corn 
hereafter to be imported from foreign 

arts. : 

P To relieve the market from, both these 
inconveniencies, it may be proper to, per- 
mitthe holders of such corn now in ware- 
honses, under certain adequate regulations 
aud restrictions, to have the same gronnd, 
into flonr forthe purpose of exportation ; 
and also jo provide, by. legislative, enact- 
ment, that in future any foreign corn 
warchoused in this kingdom shall be consi- 
dered as. corn coming from abrea|, and . 
subject toall such duties and regulations 
as are or may, from time to time, be-imy» 
posed upon corn coming directly from a 
foreign port. 

A proposition, which was submitted to 
your committee, for advancing loans to pa- 
rishes on the credit of the rates, appeared 
to be attended with so, many, dithculties, 
and to be so little applicable to the purpose 
of alleviating the distresses which are com- 
plained of, that they do not deem it neces- 

sal'y 


366 


sary to enter into any examination of it, 
nor to lay it before the house. 

Much as your committee lament that so 
little prospect of immediate relief can be 
held out to the urgent distresses which have 
been submitted 10 their anxious considera: 
tion, they think it material to obviate and 
counteract any unfounded alarm which 
may have been, either casually or industri- 
ously, circulated, that there was ever the 
least intention entertained by your com- 
mittee of rendering the present condition 
of the British cultivators worse than it is 
under the existing law ; and they therefore 
submit, with great confidence, to the 
House, that the Act of the 55th of the late 
king, ¢. 26, which regulates the importation 
of foreign corn, ought to continue in force 
until the average price for wheat shall be 
8)s. per quarter, and other kinds of grain 
in proportion. 

Should parliament decide to legislate 
during the present session, your committee 
would recommend, that, after onr wheat 
shall have reached 80s, wlienever circum- 
stances, not now to be foreseen, may have 
effected so great a change, a lower price 
may be assumed for the future import, 
subject to a duty. 

When the importers know that their 
grain can in no case come into the market 
without paying a certain sum as duty, be- 
sides the charges of importation, ware- 
housing, and other incidental expenses, 
they will be Jess ready to adventure rashly 
than under an entirely free trade ; they will 
also withdraw their corn, which may be 
lodged in warehouses gradually, and with 
more circumspection, than they do at pre- 
sent, and will naturally endeavour to feed 
the market rather than inundate it. It is 
now their interest to take their whole 
stock, immense as it may be, at once from 
under the king’s lock; but, when they 
must pay duty for every quarter which is 
removed, they will prudently calculate the 
time that any large stock may remain on 
hand before they cau dispose of it to ad- 
vantage. 

The foundation of any future bill should 

e the principle of so far modifying the 
operation of the existing Jaw as to obviate, 
as far as may be, by the imposition of rea- 
sonable duties upon the admission of 
foreign grain for home consumption, the 
sudden and irregular manner in which 
such foreign grain may now be introduced 
upon the opening of the ports tinder cir- 
cumstances inconsistent with tle spirit and 
intentions of the law. 

For carrying this purpose into effect, it 
would be expedient, after the ports ehall 
have opened at 80s. (subject to a scale of 
duty hereafter to be fixed) to preserve the 
piinciple of an import price at a rate 
somewhat lower than the existing import 
price of 80s., and your committee are of 


Political Affairs in April. 


[May 1, 


opinion that 70s. would not be an improper 
limit to assign to that price. c 

That'a duty from 128. to 15s. should be 
imposed upon foreign wheat for home con- 
sumption, when the price is from 70s. 
to 80s. 

Also, that a duty of 5s, should be im- 
posed upon such wheat, when the price is 
from 80s. to 85s.: after which the daty 
should be reduced to 1s. 

And that a further additional duty of 
5s. should be imposed upon wheat imported 
or taken out of warehouse for home con- 
sumption, tor the first three months after 
the ports open, and when the price is from 
70s. to 85s. 

And, for the purpose of rectifying the 
scale which governs the import, the general 
proportion which the price of oats bears to 
the price of wheat, appearing to exceed 
the proportion which was assumed to 
exist, when 27s. was fixed as the import 
price of oats, your committee suggest, that 
it wonld be expedient to increase that 
price, so as to bear a more accurate pro- 
portion to the price of wheat. 

The scale at which barley is estimated 
appearing to be more correct than that of 
oats, the same proportion which it, now 
bears to wheat appears fit to continue, 
under any future alteration of the import 
prices. 

The Gth, 7th, 8th, and 9th clauses of the 
act, which regulate the importation, of 
corn, make provision for admitting eorn, 
meal, or flour, being the growth, produce, 
or manufacture of any British colony or 
plantation in North America, for home 
consumption, when British wheat is at a 
lower price than 80s.; with regard to 
which colonies, it will be consistent with 
good faith and sound policy to preserve the 
same relative preference above foreign 
corn, in the event of any future alteration 
being applied to the scale of prices or of 
duties. 

In compliance with an application made 
to them by several of the owners of the 
foreign grain now stored in warehouses, 
your committee have already recom- 
mended, that permission may be granted, 
under sufficient and adequate: regulations, 
to convert it into flour, and export it in 
that shape ; by which means some portion 
of this large stock will be carried out of 
the kingdom, and remove all apprehension 
that the quantities so ground down can 
ever enter into competition with our home 
produce: but, in the event of a large por- 
tion not being thus disposed of, and still 
remaining in store, it appears practicable 
to adopt a method which may render this 
remainder also advantageous, rather than 
detrimental, in its effect upon the value of 
British corn, whenever the average price 
of our wheat shall have risen to 70s. and 
fluctuate between 70s. and 80s.; for, if it 

be 


1822.) 


be then allowed to be taken out for home 
consumption, subject to a duty of 17s. per 
quarter, for the first. three months, and 
afterwards to a duty of 12s. the interest of 
the. proprietors of this. grain will be 
brought strictly into unison with that of 
the British agriculturist, and into direct 
hostility to that of all other importers of 
foreign grain; so that every endeayour will 
be resorted to, on their part, to advance 
the price to, 70s. that they: may liberate 
their own stock ; but to keep it below 80s. 
that they may exclude all foreign competi- 
tors. ‘Vhe equitable claim which the hold- 
ers of the grain, already deposited under 
the Act of the 55th of the late king, appear 
to possess, will thus be beneficially pre- 
served to them, and the danger of an im- 
mense influx of foreign produce will be 
mitigated. and deferred, if not wholly 
prevented, 

The following is a return of the net 
amount of the revenue of the United 
Kingdom, in the year ending the 5th 
of January, 1822 :— 

Customs. 
England and Wales....+-++++£9,068,375 
Scotland--+cccccesscceesccses 405,156 
Treland ‘seeeseee. ++ see ee ees. 1,586,167 


United Kingdom «-. -11,059,699 

Excise. 
England and Wales --.-++++«+94,899,559 
Scotland -+.6 0. ..seseeeeeees. 9,035,401 
Ireland Persseenessecenscsee 1,668,004 


United Kingdom . - ++ 28,525,965 


' Stamps. 
England and Wales «+--+ +«++«. 5,785,708 
Scotland: -...- ee eas oe 438,172 
Treland COTES EEHE HH sesaee 398,602 


United Kingdom --.- 6,622,482 


Land and Assessed Taxes. . 
England and Wales ».++..--++ 6,910,672 


Scotland..-. eo eS ee aed 452,223 
BPCTa PUPP 6 Oe POU ES 308,486 


United Kingdom +--+ 7,651,382 
Post-Office. 
England and Wales .-..-..+«+ 1,204,188 


SCOUAUA SS esilcecoss ve ccceee 120,855 
Ireland 21 a Sedat SON al ll ll OE 68,187 


United Kingdom «+++ 1,393,231 
is. 6d. Duty, and Duty on Pensions and 


. Salavics. 
England and Wales ..+...... | £72,469 
Scotiand...... Babee sccccccce 4,853 
Tréland ide te. 2204 we seeens coe 
United Kingdom .... 77,302 


Political Affairs in April. 


367 

Hackney Coaches:s+++sesese2 £23,148 
Hawkers and Pedlars «....... 95,817 
Poundage Fees+++--+--++Ireland 4,269 
Pells Fees +++0++++++++Do, 853 
Casualties.- +--+. ++--- Do. 3,815 
Treasury. Fees and Hos- 

pital Fees ++++++++--Do. 985 
Small Branches, of. the Heredi- 

tary Revenue : 
Alienation Fines ++++e+eese+> 10,108 
Bate Huw -vd-borinsrener inte 610 
Seizures, Compositions, Prof- 2 

fers, KC,++seecsecsereees § 4,154 
Crown Lands++-+--essseesess 102,773 


Total of Ordinary Revenues «+ 55,505,602 


Extraordinary Resources +++* 735,632 
Total Public Income of the 
United Kingdom (exclu- % 56,241,254 


sive of Loans) «+++. 

Net Produce of the Revenue of Great Bri- 

tain in the Quarters ended 5th of April, 

1821, and 5th of April, 1822. 
1821. 1822, 

Customs ++++++++ £1,905,276}£2,095,878 


eeaee 


Excise +++++es+++ 5,707,590) 5,856,798 
Stamps --+--e+sse+ 1,467,799] 1,582,346 
Post-office +ee-.. 350,000 320,000 
Assessed Taxes e+ 842,531 832,672 
Land Taxes --++e2 137,497 152,999 
Miscellaneous +--+ 57,573 56,463 


10,468,196] 10,897,156 

Mr. Charles Willich has lithographed 
the following correct account of the 
Funded Debt of Great Britain and 
Treland, as it stood on the 5th of Ja- 
nuary, 1822 :— 


Capituls of Debt Unredeemed. 


Bank of England ...-.+-+++£14,686,800 
South-Sea Company eee++se» 11,771,984 
Chief Cashier Do. 3 per Cents. 

Oy ens ag Cr ats Jiaetcadnn Coun aR 
3 per Cents. 1726 «++ «eee+* 998,358 
3 per Cent. Consolidated --++367,708,216 
3 per Cent. Reduced. +--+ + -+133,410,198 
3 per Cent. do, Portugueze «+ 150,466 
3 per Cents, es++ereeseeses 17,737,921 
4 per Cents.-----+- eeoeeerss> 74,869,471 
5 per Cents, Navy ++++290¢0+141,693,392 


5 per Cents. 1797 and 1802 -- 1,009,603 
5 per Cents. formerly payable 
inIreland ......- eresevee 1,395,946 


Imperial 3 per Cents, +++*++., 4,870,062 


Total Funded debt pay- 
able in England -- . ws 771,062,021 
Debt payable in Ireland. in 
English Currency. 
3E per Cents. «eseseee++ssee 11,809,032 
4 per Cents.+++ seseeesseees 1,078,292 
5 per Centssrreecserersegeee 11,363,370 


Total Funded Debt of Gt. 


Britain and Ireland .- }r95,312,767 


Interest 


368 


Interest on Debt payable Ja- 

nuary and July.....+5+++£18,529,890 
Interest on Debt payable 2 

April and October-««.+« § 9,677,826 
Total Annual Charge for the 

SEVEN enenONL oliasriu.e 5 28,200,216 


Life Annuities -...s.s08.+-. 410,964 
Exchequer Annuities: ---+-+-- 27,919 
Management ++ -sesseecsece 277,219 


Sinking Fund..+-«seccsesses 15,976,184 


Making, with Interest pay- 
able in Ireland, the aoa? 46,634,750 
Annual Charge for Debt 
Amount of Unfunded Debt oulstanding 
5th of Jan. 1822. 
Exchequer Bills .+.--+++++£31,566,550 
Irish Treasury Bills «+++++++ 1,105,181 


Total -o0«++ee06 32,671,731 
The following Capitals and Long An- 
nuities, the dividends on which have 
remained unclaimed for ten years and 
upwards, are included in the amounts 
standing in the names of the Commis- 
sioners :— 
3 per Cent. Consols .-++..----£131,202 


3 per Cent, Reduced --+-eee-+. 45,665 
3 per Cents. 1726 -eccecessoes 1,641 
4 per Cent. Consols.+.-+++++++2 24,307 


5 per Cent. do.++rcscccccsceese 18,513 


5 per Cents. 1797 and 1802++++++ 6,064 
Imperial Annuities »-.--.+-+065 4,290 
Long Annuities -«+..eccesesees 606 


And the following capital, which has 
been purchased with the unclaimed divi- 
dends, viz.—3 per Cent. Reduced 4.49,4001. 
—Ail which capital sums are subject to 
the claims of the parties entitled thereto. 

The late fmance operation for reducing 
the interest on the 5 per Cent. Stock to 
4 per Cent. has produced anannual saving 
of about 1,100,0001,; and an increase 
in the amount of the debt of about 
7,000,0001. 

If the deficient revenue he made good 
out of the Sinking Fund, about two mil- 
fions and a half will only remain towards 
the redemption of the debt. 


UNITED STATES. 

The following message was, on the 
8th of March, transmitted bythe Pre- 
sident of the United States to the 
House of Representatives, recommend- 
ing the recognition of the South 
American Republics; ‘a measure which 
has since been adopted. 

“In transmitting to the House of Repre- 
sentatives the documents called for by the 
resolution of that House of the 30th of 
January, I ‘consider it my duty to invite 
the attention of Congress to a very impor- 
tant subject, and to communicate the sen- 
timents of the Executive on it, that, should 
Congress entertain similar sentiments, 
there may be such co-operation between 

1 


Political Affairs in April. 


{May f, 


the two departments of the Government, 
as their respective rights and duties may 
require, 

‘The revolutionary movement in the 
Spanish provinces in this hemisphere at- 
tracted the attention, and excited the sym- 
pathy of our fellow-citizens, from its 
commencement. This feeling was natural 
and honourable to them, from causes 
which need not be communicated to you. 
It has been gratifying to all to see the 
general acquiescence which has been ma- 


nifested’ in the policy which’ the consti- 


tuted authorities have deemed it proper to 
pursue, in regard to this contest. As soon 
as the movement assumed such a steady 
and consistent form as to make the suc- 
cess of the provinces probable, the rights 
to which they were entitled by the law of 
nations, -as equal parts to a civil war, were 
extended to them. Each party was ‘per- 
mitted to enter our ports with its public 
and private ships, and to take from them 
every article which was the subject of 
commerce with other nations, Our citi- 
zens also carried on commerce with both 
parties, and the government has protected 
It, with each, in articles not contraband of 
war. Through the whole of this contest, 
the United States have remained neutral, 
and have fulfilled, with the utmost impar- 
tiality, all the obligations incident to that 
character, 

This contest has now reached such a 
stage, and been attended with such deci- 
sive success on the part of the proyinces, 
that it merits the most profound consider- 
ation, whether their right to the rank of 
independent nations, with all the advan- 
tages incident to it, in their intercourse 
with the United States, is not complete. 
Buenos Ayres assumed the rank by a for- 
mal declaration in 1816, and bas enjoyed 
it since 1810, free from invasion by the 
parent country, The provinces composing 
the republic of Columbia, after having 
separately declared their independence, 
were united by a fundamental Jaw of De- 
cember 17, 1819.. A strong Spanish force 
occupied, at that time, certain parts of the 
territory within their limits, and waged a 
destructive war. That force ‘has since 
been repeatedly defeated, and the whole 
of it either made prisoners, or destroyed, 
or expelled from the country, with the 
exception of an inconsiderable portion 
only, which is blockaded in two fortresses, 
The provinces on the Pacific have like- 
wise been very successful. Chili declared 
its independence in 1818, and has since 
enjoyed it undisturbed ; and of late, by the 
assistance of Chili and Buenos Ayres, the 
revolution has extended to Peru, Of the 
movement in Mexico our information is 
less authentic ; but it is, nevertheless, dis- 
tinctly understood, that the new govern- 
ment has declared its independence, and 
that there is now no opposition to it there, 

nor 


1822.] 


nor force to make any. For the last 
three years the government of Spain has 
not sent a single corps of troops to any 
= of that country; nor is there reason to 

elieve it will send any in future. Thus it 
is manifest that all those provinces are not 
only in the full enjoyment of their inde- 
pendence; but, considering the state of 
the war and other circumstances, that 
there ismot the most remote prospect of 
their being deprived of it, 

When the result of such a contest is 
manifestly settled, the new governments 
have a claim to recognition by other 
powers, which ought not to be resisted, 
Civil wars too often excite feelings which 
the parties cannot control. The opinion 
entertained by other powers as to the 
result may assuage those feelings, and pro- 
mote an-accommodation between them, 
useful and honourable to both. The delay 
which has been wbserved in making a de- 
cision on this important subject, will, it is 
presumed, have afforded an unequivocal 
proof to Spain, as it must have done to 
other powers, of the high respect enter- 
tained by the United States for her rights, 
and of their determination not to interfere 
with them, ‘The provinces belonging to 
this hemisphere are our neighbours, and 
have successively, as cach portion of the 
country acquired its independence, pressed 
their recognition, by an appeal to facts 
not, to. be contested, and which, they 
thought, gave them a just title to it. To 
motives of interest this government has in- 
variably disclaimed all pretension, being 
resolyed to. take no part in the contro- 
versy, or other measures in regard to it, 
which should not merit the sanction of the 
civilized world. To other claims a just 
sensibility has been always felt, and frankly 
acknowledged; but they, in themselves, 
could never become an adequate cause of 
action. It was incumbent on this govern- 
ment to look to every important fact and 
circumstauce on which a sound opinion 
could be formed; which has been done. 
When we regard, then, the great length of 
time which this war has been proseeuted, 
the complete sucv-ess which has attended 
it, in favour of the provinces, the present 
condition of the parties, and the utter in- 
ability of Spain to produce any change in 
ry we are compelled to conclude that its 
ate is settled, and that the provinces 
whieh lave declared their independence, 
and are in the enjoyment of it, ought to 
be recognized, 

Of the views of the Spanish government 
on this subject, no particular information 
lias. been recenily received. It may be 
presumed that the successful progress of 
the revolution, through such a long, series 
of years, gaining strength and extending 
annually in every direction, and embiac- 
ing by the late important events, with 
little exception, all the dominions of Spain 

Montuy Maa. No. 367, 


Public Affairs in April. 


369 


south of the United States, on this conti- 
nent ; placing, pierehy, the complete sove- 
reignty over the whole in the hands of the 
people; will reconcile the parent country 
to an accommodation with them, on the 
basis of their unqualified independence. 
Nor has any authentic information been 
recently received of the disposition of 
other powers respecting it. A sincere 
desire has been cherished to act in concert 
with them in the proposed recognition, of 
which several were ‘some time past duly 
apprised, but it was understood that they 
were not prepared for it. The immense 
space between those powers, even those 
which border on the Atlantic, and these 
provinces, makes the movement an affair 
of less interest and excitement to them 
than tous. It is probable, therefore, that 
they have been less attentive to its pro- 
gress than we have been. It may be pre- 
sumed, however, that the late events will 
dispel all doubt of the result. 

In proposing this measure itjis not 
contemplated to change thereby, in the 
slightest manner, our friendly relations 
with either of the parties, but to observe, 
in all respects, as heretofore, should the 
war be continued, the most perfect nen- 
trality between them. Of this friendly 
disposition an assurance will be given to 
the government of Spain, to whom, it is 
presumed, it will be, as it ought to be, 
satisfactory. The measure is proposed, 
under a thorough conviction that it is in 
strict accord with the law of nations; that 
it is just and right, as to the parties; and 
that the United States owe it to their sta- 
tion and character in the world, as-well as 
to their essential interests, to adopt it. 
Should Congress concur in the view herein 
presented, they will doubtless see the pro- 
priety of making the necessary appropria- 
tions for carrying it into effect. 

JAmMEs Monroe. 
SOUTH AMERICA. 


The following letter from Caraccas, 
dated January 16, 1822, affords some 
interesting facts relative to the present 
state of Columbia. 

“ T returned liere some time since from 
attending the Congress of Columbia at 
Cacuta, from whence I bad a long and 
fatiguing journey. The Congress broke 
up on the 13th or 14th October, having 
terminated its session. Having been at 
Cacuta the whole period of the session, I 
had an opportunity of witnessing. all. the 
proceedings, which were, extremely inter- 
esting. ‘The. assembly was composed. of. 
by far the most intelligent and) clever.men 
I have met with in; this country, and se- 
veral speeches were made during the dif- 
ferent, discussions, that would not. have 
disgraced a British, House of Parliament. 
The Constitution, underwent a long dis- 
cussion, and was finally settled and con- 

3A cluded. 


370 


cluded. I hope soon to get a copy of it 
to send you. It is very much upon the 
plan of the United States. The executive 
power is lodged in the President, assisted 
by a Vice-President, and the law, pro- 
ceeds from the Senate and House of Re- 
presentatives, or Congress. [Bolivar is 
elected President, and General Santande 
a Vice-President, of the Republic. You 
may form some idea of the spirit in which 
the proceedings of the Congress have been 
conducted, when I mention to you some of 
their principal acts. ‘They have abolished 
slavery, by declaring the children of slaves 
born after the date of the Constitution, free; 
and they have provided means for gradu- 
ally emancipating the present generation, 
by setting apart a fund for the gradual 
purchase of their freedom. They have 
decreed the removal of every relic or 
vestige of the ‘ Holy Inquisition, through- 
out the country; and the Constitution con- 
tains no exclusions or restrictions on the 
score of religious belief. (This latter cir- 
cumstance will be found a great advantage 
to persons who may determine to come 
and settle in this country.) On the sub- 
ject of the Liberty of the Press, they have 
decreed, that every man is at liberty to 
publish his thoughts, but he is at the same 
time to be held responsible for the abuse 
of this privilege. They are very anxious 
to introduce our British ‘Trial by Jury; 
and by way of getting the people accus- 
tomed to it; and at the same time ascertain- 
ing how far it may suit the feelings of tlie 


Incidents in and near London. 


{May 1, 
country, they have directed the Judges 
for the present to make use of it in such 
cases as may appear to them suitable to 
the nature of the institution. They have 
also passed a decree for universal edu- 
cation on the Lancasterian system, 
throughout every parish in the Republic, 
providing specific funds for the purpose. 
I think you will agree with me, that for a 
beginning, these are not bad symptoms. 
The character of these people is very little 
understood in England. It has chiefly 
reached the British public through the 
representations of disappointed officers, 
who, liking neither fighting nor hard fare, 
returned home to write books containing 
representations, which they knew there 
was nobody in England to contradict, and 
with the profit of which they have paid 
the expenses of their campaigns. The 
North Americans are doing a good deal 
of business at the port of this city, La 
Guyra; some valuable returns have lately 
been sent to the United States in cocoa, 
hides, and coffee, After the country has 
had time to repose, there will be room for 
good business; but people on your side 
the water mut not be in too greata hurry 
to begin. There is no limit to the re- 
sources of this country, but they must have 
time to be drawn forth. By the new 
Tariff of duties made by Congress, goods 
are received at 5 per cent. less duty, 
coming direct from Europe than from the 
West India colonies.” 


INCIDENTS, MARRIAGES, anp DEATHS In anp near LONDON, 
With Biographical Memoirs of distinguished Characters recently deceased, 
— 


CHRONOLOGY OF THE MONTH. 
ARCH the 28th—A Common Hall 
was held in London, to take into 
consideration the present distressed state 
of the country, and the propriety of 
petitioning Parliament for a reform in the 
House Commons, as the most effectual 
mode of obtaining relief. Mr. Favell pro- 
posed a number of resolutions, enumerat- 
ing various grievances uncer which the 
country laboured, and attributing the great 
source of the grievances to the defective 
state of the representation. The resolu- 
tions were seconded by Mr. Galloway, 
and, with a petition to Parliament founded 
on them, carried unanimously. Mr, Favell 
moved the thanks of the meeting to Mr. 
Hume, for his unwearied exertions in Par- 
liament ; and also a resolution characteris- 
ing the punishment of Mr, Hunt as op- 
pressive, and suitable only to the reign 
of the Stuarts. No opposition was offered. 
April 4 At the Lancaster assizes the 
herrid scenes of the memorable Man- 
chester massacre was once more described 
before a jury, in a cause brought by Red- 
ford, one of the sufferers, against Major 
Birley and others. The trial lasted five 


days, but the jury gave a verdict in favour 
of the defendants, In the course of the 
examinations the Reverend Mr. Hay, one 
of the magistrates, assigned as a reason 
for his not noticing a poor wounded wo- 
man, that “ she was not very tempting.” 
He swore also that Ethelstone, another of 
the magistrates, read the riot act from an 
open window, and that he tapped him on 
the back, and exclaimed, ‘‘ Ethelstone, I 
never heard you in such fine voice ;” and 
this just before that charge of cavalry 
which was ordered and attended by such 
disastrous circumstances. 

— 11. The freeholders of Middlesex held 
their annual dinnerat the Mermaid Tavern, 
Hackney, to celebrate the return of 
Messrs. Byng and Whitbread to Parlia- 
ment. Mr. S. Lefevre, jun. presided. 
Some animated speeches were made by 
Messrs, Lefevre, Bennet, Hobhouse, and 
the County Members, strongly urging the 
necessity of reform. : 

The Court of Aldermen elected Newman 
Knowles, esq. late Common Serjeant, to be 
Recorder of London. Mr. Denman has 
since been elected Common Serjeant, after 
a severe contest, i. 


1822. | 


— 12. The Quarter Sessions determined 
that a county rate for £8,000I., ordered to 
be levied in January, at a time when 
13,5001. was in the hand of the county 
treasurer, should be quashed. Never- 
theless it appeared that the treasurer, J. B. 
Mainwaring, had made a forced collection 
in several parishes; and he had, in the 
intermediate time, absconded to France 
with 24,0001, of the county’s money. This 
Mainwaring was also chairman of one of 
the police-offices, and formerly the minis- 
terial candidate for Middlesex, opposed to 
Sir Francis Burdett. 

— 16. A motion of implied censure on 
the conduct of Alderman Waithman at 
Knightsbridge, made by Alderman Brown 
in the Common Council, was unanimously 
rejected, after several eloquent tributes 
to the public services of Alderman W. 

— 17. At the king’s levee this day up- 
wards of 1300 persons attended, being the 
most numerous ever remembered. 

—— Sir Alexander Boswell, author of 
some libels in a Scotch party paper called 
the “ Sentinel,” on Mr. Robert Stuart, 
was mortally wounded in a duel. 

— 20. An action for several false and 
scandalous libels against Alderman Waith- 
man, published in a party paper called the 
John Bull,” was tried at Guildhall, and, 
no justification being attempted, a verdict 
of 500/, damages was given in favour of 
Alderman Waithman. 

— 24, Sir Francis Burdett, after one 
of the most eloquent speeches and 
most ably argued cases ever heard in Par- 
liament, moyed, that an address should be 
presented to the king, requesting the re- 
mission of the remainder of Mr. Hunt’s sen- 
tence. Afterspeechesfrom Messrs.Dicken- 
son, Peele, Mackintosh, Wynne, and Bux- 
ton, the house divided, 84 for the motion, 
against it 223. Perhaps the case of no 
individual ever excited a more universal 
synipathy than that of Mr. Hunt, who has 
been sentenced to two years and a half 
imprisonment, and other penalties, for 
attending a meeting of petitioners, which, 
owing to some features, not under the 
control of Mr. Hunt, the law has construed 
as illegal; but, to render such features 
palpably illegal, certain acts of Parlia- 
ment have subsequently been passed! Sir 
F. Burdett’s motion was opposed on the 
ground that it had no precedent since the 
revolution; but has there been any prece- 
dent of such a sentence for such an act 
since the revolution? 

— 25. Lord Jolin Russel moved a de- 
claration in favour of Parliamentary Re- 
form, which was lost by 369 to 164, a 
strength of minority which however leads 
to hope for ultimate success, 

The inhabitants of Southwark lately pe- 
fitioned the House of Commons for a reduc- 
tion of fees of their Court of Requests. 


Marriages in and near London. 


371 
Ata public meeting lately held of the 
parishioners of Tottenham High Cross, it 
was unanimously resolved to give legal 
notice to the tithe-collector of the parish 
of their wish to discontinue paying the 
composition for tithes, and that in lieu they 
might be taken in kind. About 70 prin- 
cipal landowners signed this notice. 
MARRIED. 

William Lawrence, esq: of Southampton 
Cottage, Camberwell, to Miss Agnes 
Willan, of Chester. 

J. H. B. Williams, esq. of Aldersgate- 
street, to Miss Walton, Newington. 

Thomas Mortimer, esq. of Ludgate-hill, 
to Mrs. Sarah Taylor, of York-place, 
Pentonville. 

Wendover Fry, esq. to Miss Sophia Lee, 
of Walthamstow. 

Mr. J. Hearn, of Stratford Green, to 
Miss Jane Mary Wissett Simons, of Hay- 
don-square. 

Capt. Charles Shaw, R. N. to Frances 
Ann, daughter of Sir Henry Hawley, bart. 
of Leybourne Grange, Kent. 

Mr. James Boyle, jun. of Serle’s-street, 
Lincoln’s Inn Fields, to Miss Catharine 
Matilda Molyneux, of Devonshire-street, 
Queen-square, 

Capt. Hon. P. B. Pellew, M. P, to Miss 
Georgiana Janet Dick, of Richmond. 

Mr, William Eskrigg, of Walworth, to 
Miss Ann Western, of the Broadway, 
Westminster, 

Mr. Vincent Oldfield, of the Edgware- 
road, to Miss Elizabeth Martha Minnett, of 
Chapel-street, Golden-square. 

Richard Gell Borrow, esq. of London, to 
Miss Charlotte Ann Mitchell, of Maldon. 

William Henry Armstrong, esq. late of 
the 55th foot, to Miss Josephina Catharine 
Martinez, of Euston-square. 

Mr. Charles Herring, of Newgate-street, 
to Miss Emma Gale, of the Old Bailey. 

William Stephens, esq. of Verulam- 
buildings, Gray’s Inn, to Miss Mary Ann 
Young, of Burton Crescent. 

Henry Farrar, esq. of Lincoln’s Inn, 
barrister-at-law, to Miss Elizabeth Mon- 
tague, of the Grove, Camberwell. 

Miles Marley, esq. of Vigo-lane, to Miss 
Mary Wilson, of Chiswick. 

James Humphreys, esq. of 'Lincoln’s 
Inn, to Miss Charlotte Dorothy Goodrich, 
of Saling Grove, Essex. - ; 

John Francis Davis, esq. of Bidhurst 
Lodge, near Croydon, to Emily, daughter 
of the late Lieut.-Colonel Humphreys, of 
the Bengal Engineers. ; 

H. Mollineux, esq. to Miss Edwards, of 
Gloucester-street, Queen-square. 

Mr. Samuel Overall, to Miss Mary WH- 
son, both of Lower Thames-street. 

Mr. George Solomon, of Clerkenwell, to 
Miss Mary Levi, of Rathbone-place. 

Mr. Joshua Hart, of Holborn-hill, to 
Miss Jane Stevens, of Bradtield, pit 

ohn 


372 


Jolm Allen, esq. of Leicester-square, to 
Miss Emma Brite lard, of North Brixton, 

Henry Palmer, esq. of Aston-Abbott’s, 
Buckinghamshire, to Miss Mariana Keane, 
of New-street, Spring-gardens. 

H. M. Bunbury, esq. of Old Burlington- 
street, to Miss Alicia Pillie, of Drimcoe, 
Roscommon, 

Thomas Butcher, esq. of Regent-street, 
Pall-mall, to Miss Martha Warren, late of 
Ivy-lane. 

Nich. Harris Nicolas, esq. of: the Inner 
Temple, to Sarah, daughter of the late 
John Davison, esq. of the East India 
House. 

Frederick Thompson, esq. to Miss Ca- 
roline Amelia Callander, of New Caven- 
dish-street. 

Mr. Charles Regnart, jun. of London, 
to. Miss Cornelia Grece, of Chart Lodge, 
Surrey. 

William Greenhill, of Sunbury, to Miss 
Elizabeth Verdon, of Camden-town. 

At Ripley, in Surrey, J. F. Stephens, 
esq. to Sarah, second daughter of the late 
Capt. Henry Roberts, r. n- 

DIED. 

At Upper Tooting; 80, T. Brown, esq. 

In Devonshire-place, Mrs. Helen D' Au- 
bent. 

At Brompton-park, James Vere, esq. of 
the firm of Vere, Lucadou, and Co. bank- 
ers, Lombard-street. 

In London, 57, Mrs, Lucilla Anna Maria 
Graves, daughter of the Rev, Richard G. 
the celebrated author of the “ Spiritual 
Quixotte,” &c. 

At Bromley, Maria, wife of William 
Mann, esq. 

In Seething-lane, 69, the Rev. W. V. 
Treson. 

In Bread-street, 67, Mr. John Sharp. 

At Pentonville, 60, John Leigh, esq. 

In Gloucester-place, New-road, John 
Champain, esq. late of the Bengal civil 
service. 

Mr. Charles Watts, 66, of the Bank of 
England, of which he was one of the most 
respectable clerks. 

In Threadneedle-street, 82, Mr. Joseph 
Pugh. 

In Paternoster-row, 31, Mr. William 
Button, a respectable bookseller, in the 
theological department, and son of the 
Rev. W. Button. 

In the London-road, Southwark, 52, Mr. 
W. H. Pringle. 

At Kennington, 74, Mr. John Haddock. 

At Dorking, 83, Catherine, widow of the 
Rev. Dr. Manning, of Godalming. 

At Belmont-house, Vauxhall, 83, Han- 
nah, widow of W, Pollock, esq. 

In the Strand, Mr. Thomas Grimes,tmany 
years a considerable woo!len-draper. 

. Mr. Richard Stephens Taylor, of Gray’s 
nn. 

In North-street, Westminster, William 
Ellis, esq. 


Deaths in and near London. 


[May 1, 


Joseph Welch, esq. 84, many years de- 
puty of the ward of Candiawiak ” 
e At Pancras, 64, Capt. Thomas Miles, 

. N. 

In Margaret-street, Cavendish square, 
John Dawes, esq. of Highbury, and Char- 
leywood-house, Herts. 

In Vere-street, Robert Still, esq. of East 
Knoyle, Wilts. 

In Little Tower-street, 51, Mr. Stephen 
Osmond. 

In Well-street, Hackney, 56, Mrs. Eliza- 
beth Aldersey. 

In Grosvenor-square, 27, Lady Charlotte, 
daughter of the Earl of Westmoreland. 

in Bear-street, Leicester-fields, 67, Mr. 
William Arrowsmith, much and justly 
lamented, 

In Upper Berkeley-street, Barrington 
Purvis, esq. 

At Chelsea, 21, J, E. Scott, esq. late of 
Ongar. 

At Brighton, at an advanced age, Thos. 
Elam, esq. late of Leicester-square, a jus- 
tice of the peace for Middlesex, 

At Hackney, 45, Mrs, Whitby, formerly 
of Homerton, 

Tn Maddox-street, 54, Mrs. Calemard. 

In Newgate-market, 71, Mrs, Elizabeth 
Boys, deservedly regretted. 

At Hammersmith, 68, R. Radford, esq. 
a justice of the peace. 

In Guildford-street, 63, R. J. Millington, 
esq. many years keeper of the Gray's Inn 
Hotel. 

At Hackney, 44, James Belloncle, esq. 
of an apoplectic fit, late of Dalston. 

In Russell-square, 64, S. Y. Benyon, esq. 
Vice-Chancellor of the Duchy of Lan- 
caster, Recorder of Chester, and His Ma- 
jesty’s Attorney-General for the Chester 
circuit. Mr. Benyon was born at Ashe, 
in Shropshire, and bred a dissenter. In 
polity he was attached to the Whigs, and 
ne was always a steady friend to thie 
civil and religious rights of his country- 
men. He was.a warm admirer of the late 
Sir Samuel Romilly, and zealously advo- 
cated his plans for the reformation of the 
criminal code, and the amelioration of 
prison discipline; and as a judge, in his 
office of Recorder of Chester, he always 
evinced his anxiety to apportion punish- 
ment according to the degree of actual 
rather than technical criminality. Of a 
man of such principles and practices, it is 
difficult to speak in adequate terms of 
praise. 

In Bloomsbury-square, 76, suddenly, in 
his bed, during the night, Sir John Sylvester, 
many years Common Serjeant and Re- 
corder of London, in which capacities the 
sternness of his character, and the unyield- 
ing prejudices of his education, rendered 
him one of the most unpopular men of his 
time. He was the son of a Jew or Por- 
tugnese physician, and ferced himself into 
legal practice by assiduously attending 

the 


A 


1822.] 


the mimor eourts of the metropolis. His 
table qualifications led to his promotion in 
the Corporation of London, at a time when 
the Common Conncil were devoted to 
ministers; and his high Tory principles 
recommended him afterwards to the Court 
of Aldermen on the death of Sir John Rose, 
the previous recorder. His strong dark 
physiognomy conferred on him the nick- 
name of “ Black Jack,” by which he was 
generally called at the Old Bailey. His 
conduct in the affair of Eliza Fenning, 
and the levity with which he sometimes 
treated the cases of the victims of our 
severe laws, have often been subjects of 
animadversion ; but we live too near his 
time to enlarge upon them. His chief 
fault consisted in being in mind and policy 
full a half century behind the age in which 
he lived, and in his utter contempt of 
popular opinion and of all proposed 
reforms and ameliorations. In private 
society no man could behave more mildly 
or courteously, and his manners were so 
plausible that no recorder of London ever 
enjoyed more unbounded confidence with 
successive secretaries of state. His dis- 
patch of business on the bench was pro- 
verbial, and he got through double or treble 
the number of trials of any of the judges, 
to the great satisfaction of sheriffs, whose 
expences kept pace with the length of the 
sessions. It however merits notice, that, 
under his administration there were fewer 
executions than under some previous re- 
corders; and there is reason to believe 
that his reports were laboriously drawn 
up, though often governed by private 
information, on the extent and accuracy 
of which he much piqued himself. It 
deserves also to be stated, for the guide 
of other recorders, that in passing his 
judgments he never added insult to seve- 
rity, and never introduced taunting and 
abusive language while he was abridging 
life or liberty. Perhaps, after all, the true 
fault is in the indiscriminating severity of 
our laws, and in the frightful discretion 
which they give to judges, who, however 
amiable and benevolent in private life, 
become insensibly the creatures of habit 
and example in the performance of their 
public duties. 

After a lingering illness, the Very Rev. 
Thomas Kipling, D.D. Dean of Peter- 
borough, Kector of Holme, and Vicar of 
Holme, in Spalding Moor, Yorkshire. He 
was of St.. John’s College, Cambridge ; 
B. A. 1768, M. A. 1771, B.D. 1779; D. D. 
1784; and was elected Deputy Regius 
Professor of Divinity. In 1793, he rendered 
himself obnoxious to an independent party 
in the University, by accepting the office 
of promoter or prosecutor in the case of 
Mr. W. Frend, Fellow of Jesus College, 
against whom it was resolved to proceed 
judicially for his attack upon certain tencts 


Deaths in and near London. 


373 
of the established church, The expulsion 
of that gentleman brought upon the deputy 
professor much severity of criticism, at the 
head of whom was Dr. Edwards, who took 
occasion, when his Codex of Beza came 
out, to impugn both the preface and the 
editor. Dr. Kipling was justly charged 
with ignorance and want of fidelity, and 
the edition disappointed his best friends. 
As a reward for his political services, 
and ag some consolation for the morti- 
fications which he had experienced, Dr. 
Kipling was made Dean of Peterborough. 
—His works were, “ The Elementary 
Parts of Dr. Smith’s Complete System of 
Optics,” 1778, 4to.; ‘ Codex "Theodori 
Beze Cantabrigiensis, Evangelia et Apos- 
tolorum Acta complectens, Quadratis Li- 
teris Graco-Latinis,’ 1793, 2 vols. folio; 
“ The Articles of the Church of England 
proved not to be Calvinistic,” 1802, 8vo. 
This pamphlet having been remarked on 
by a writer under the signature of Acade- 
micus, drew forth a defence by a friend 
to Dr. Kipling, supposed to be the doctor 
himself; “* Certain Accusations brought 
lately by the Irish Papists, against British 
and Trish Protestants, examined,” 1819. 

During a voyage to New South Wales, 
Helenus Scott, M. D. lately in the service 
of the Honourable East India Company, 
and first member of the Medical Board at 
Bombay. Dr. Scott entered the India 
Company’s service, on the Bombay esta- 
blishment, in 1782, and retired to this 
country about ten years ago, having ac- 
quired a competent fortune, after active 
and meritorious services of thirty years. 
He was a native of Dundee in Scotland, 
and received his medical education at the 
university of Edinburgh. He correspond- 
ed with the late president of the Royal 
Society; and with that ardent and inde- 
fatigable fellow-labourer in the field of 
science, the late Dr. Beddoes of Bristol. 
Dr. Scott was the author of several com- 
munications on medical and physical sub- 
jects, which afford abundant proofs of his 
attainments in various departments of 
science, particularly in chemistry, in the 
pursuit of which he acquired no ordinary 
reputation. As a physician, likewise, 
his authority was highly estimated, not 
only on the western side of the Indian 
Peninsula, but throughout the whole of 
British India. In Britain, he was more 
particularly known as the author of the 
practice of extensively exhibiting, both 
internally and externally, the nitric and 
nitro-muriatic acids, and other analogous 
agents, in syphilitic, hepatic, and other 
maladies, from the use of which remedies 
pathology and therapeutics have derived 
important advantages ; since, in adminis- 
tering this new class of medicines, consI- 
derable new light has been thrown upon 
their nature, particularly upon the various 
forms 


374 


forms avd modifications of syphilis, and 
pseudo-syphilis, 

At Hawthorn Hill, Berks, aged 90, 
Whitshed Keene, esq. of that place, and 
of Sackville-street, London, who sat in 
Parliament for the unprecedented space 
of half a century, and was father of the 
House of Commons for some years previous 
to his retirement at the general election ‘in 
1818. Mr. Keene was born in Ireland, 
and married Miss Eliz. Legge, daughter 
of George Viscount Leisham, and sister to 
William second Earl of Dartmouth, by 
whom he had several children.—In 1780 he 
was surveyor general of the Board of 
Works; and in 1782, was one of the Lords 
of the Admiralty.—In 1797, Mr. Keene 
made a motion relative to the number of 
prisoners and emigrants in Great Britain; 
and he soon after opposed Mr. Pitt’s bill 
for laying tax on inland navigation. In 
1802, after a prefatory speech, in which 
he distinguished between expediency and 
justice, he remarked on the innovations 
that had taken place in the East, respect- 
ing the ruling family in the Carnatic.—In 
April, 1804, he supported the “ Irish Mi- 
litia Volunteer offer Bill,’ as a measure 
calculated to promote the true ends of the 
Union, by bringing 10,000 of the Irish 
militia here, a measure which excited 
much public indignation. 

At Canwick, near Lincoln, Coningsby 
Waldo Sibthorp, esq. m.p. for the city of 
Lincoln, and Lieut.-Col. of the South Lin- 
coln Militias Colonel Sibthorp received 
his education at Westminster-school, of 
whiéh he always spoke with pride; and 
afterwards became a student of Corpus 
Christi College, Oxford, where his clas- 
sical taste and feeling were well known. 
Colonel Sibthorp represented the city of 
Lincoln in three successive Parliaments, 
and was an enthusiastic admirer of the 
principles of Mr. Pitt, and consequently 
gave his support to his and the present 
ministry. He was a true friend also to 
the doctrines and discipline of the Church 
of England, and those inroads which its 
pretended friends, but in reality its worst 
enemies, are nt pir making upon it, 
were always discountenanced by him, and 
met with his most decided disapprobation. 
As a kind brother, affectionate son, and a 
faithful friend, his loss will be lamented 
with the most poignant anguish; and, 
though cut off by a premature death in 
the prime of life, he has bequeathed to his 
friends the recollection of many virtues 
and excellencies to mitigate their sorrow. 

At Merchant Taylors’ School, 75, the 
Ree. Thomas Cherry, 8.p. vicar of Sellinge, 
Kent, and for twenty-four years the highly- 
respected Head-master of that distin- 
guished seat of learning. My. Cherry was 
himself educated at Merchant Taylors’ 
School, whence he was elected to St. 


Deaths in and near London. 


[May 1, 
John’s College, Oxford, in 1763; he took 
the degree of B.A. in 1767, of M.A, in 
1771, of B.D. in 1776, and was chosen 
Master of Maidstone School in 1777. Mr. 
Cherry was, at various periods of his life, 
Curate and Lecturer of St. Anne’s, Lime- 
house ; alternate Lecturer of Christ-church, 
Spitalfields; Vicar of Leckford, Hants ; 
Vicar of Loose, Kent ; Curate of St. Mary 
Abchurch, and St. Laurence Pountney, 
London; and in 1813 was Chaplain to 
George Scholey, esq. when Lord Mayer. 
Mr. Cherry resigned in 1819, and was 
succeeded by his son-in-law, the Rev. 
James-William Bellamy, B.D. the present 
Head-master. On his retirement he had 
the pleasing satisfaction of receiving from 
his grateful scholars a silver urn, inscribed 
with the following lines : “‘ Thomz Cherry, 
S.T. B. qui Schole Mercatorum Sciss. 
annos viginti quatuor felicissimé pre- 
fuit, Alumni superiorum ordinum hoc 
pietatis monumentum consecrayére A.D. 
MDCCCXIX.” 

At Crowsley-park, Oxfordshire, John 
Atkins Wright, esq. Chairman of the 
Quarter Sessions for that county, and Re- 
corder of Henley-upon-Thames, He was 
a native of Norfolk, and a son of the late 
Mr. Atkins, of Ketteringham, who pos- 
sessed a considerable landed estate in that 
county. In 1802 he was elected m.p, for 
the city of Oxford with Mr. Burton; and 
again served with that gentleman in 1806. 
This Parliament sat one session only. In 
1807 Mr. Wright declined the fatigue of a 
canvass, and retired from the contest; 
Mr, Lockhart was therefore elected with 
Mr. Burton without opposition, At the 
general election in 1812, the citizens of 
Oxford, as it were with one spirit, solicited 
Mr. Wright again to offer himself to re- 
present them in Parliament; they com- 
menced a spirited canvass, and received 
such assurances of success, that at the ge- 
neral election he was speedily placed at 
the head of the poll, and was returned by 
a triumphant majority: the contest was 
chiefly with Mr. Lockhart and Mr, Eden 
(now Lord Auckland); and the former 
was returned with Mr. Wright. In 1818 
he was again returned, with General St. 
John, which made the fourth time of his 
serving as M.pP. for Oxford. 

ECCLESIASTICAL PROMOTIONS. 

Rev. B. Noble, to the Vicarage of 
Whalley, Lancashire. 

Rev. Francis Ellis, M.A. to the Vica- 
rage of Long Compton, Warwickshire. 

Rev. James Powell, to the Vicarage of 
Long Stanton, Salop. 

Rev. W. G. Judgson, M. A. to the Per- 
petual Curacy of St. Michael’s Parish, 
Cambridge. 

Rev. Francis Jefferson, B. A. to the 
Vicarage of Ellington, Huntingdonshire. 

Rey. J. Lonsdale, M. A. has been ap- 
pointed 


1822.] 


pointed Domestic Chaplain to the Arch- 
bishop of Canterbury. 

Rev. Thomas Hooper, M. A. to the Rec- 
tory of Yatton, Keynell. 


Provincial Occurrences. 


375 
The Rev. William Gorton to the Caracy 
of Radipole. 
The Rev. Thomas Selkirk to the Per- 
petual Curacy of St. John, Bury, 


PROVINCIAL OCCURRENCES, 
With all the Marriages and Deaths. 


—<e 


NORTHUMBERLAND AND DURHAM. 
Ae G the increasing subscriptions 

for the erection of a house for the 
Literary Society of Newcastle, J. G. 
Lambton, esq. M.P. has recently cone 
tributed 1001. 

The inhabitants of Sunderland and the 
Wearmouths Jately determined, at a public 
meeting, to petition Parliament for a revi- 
sion of the penal code. A petition for the 
same humane object has been agreed to 
at South Shields. 

Married.] Mr. A. Wilson, to Miss G. 
Todd; Mr. W. Boag, to Miss A. Douglas, 
of Dean-street; Mr. G. Coates, to Miss 
C. Spark: all of Newcastle.—Mr. T. 
Hudspeth, to Miss J. Simm, both of Gates- 
head.—Mr. T. Waddell, to Miss M. John- 
son, both of Durham.—Mr. W. Tait, of 
North Shields, to Miss A. Burn, of Low 
Framlington-—At Sunderland, Mr. W. 
Moor, of Southwick Pottery, to Miss A. 
Reay.— Mr. J. Honeyman, to Mrs. Reed, 
both of Tynemouth.—Mr, R. Milburn, to 
’ Miss A. Graham, both of Bagraw.—Mr. J. 
Fryer, of Mickleton, to Miss C. Winskel, 
of Barnard-Castle. 

Died.] At Newcastle, at the Head of 
the Side, 62, Mr. G. Archer.—26, Mrs. M. 
A. Gosman.—In Collingwood-street, 40, 
Mrs. E. Charlton.—At the North Shore, 
Mrs. J. Charlton. 

At Durham, Mr. W. Peppelo.—Mrs. E, 
Hart, suddenly.—In Gilligate, 87, Mr. J. 
Pickering. 

At North Shields, in Dockwray-square, 
68, Mrs. Finley.—72, Mr. J. V. T. D. 
Mosley.—In Low-street, 41, Mrs. A. Hall. 
—In Milburn-place, 45, Mr. C. Simpson.— 
70, Mrs. J. Tindle.—In Tynemouth-place, 
Ai, Mr. G. Burrell, greatly regretted.—In 
Tyne-street, Mrs. Spence, much respected. 

At Sunderland, 69, Mr. W. Merriman.— 
63, Mrs, A. Heighington.— William San- 
derson, esq. R. N, deservedly regretted. 

At Bishopwearmouth, 80, Mrs. Gray.— 
39, Mr. J. Speeding, suddenly.—Mrs. Fea- 
therstonehaugh, widow of Marmaduke IF’. 
esq. 

At Tynemouth, 74, Mrs. E. Smith. 

At Bishop Auckland, 21, Mrs. J. Hay.—- 
81, Mr. H. Todd. 

At Whitburn-hall, Elizabeth, daughter 
of the late Sir H. Williamson, bart. de- 
servedly esteemed and regretted. — At 
Ovingham, 42, Mrs, Snowball.—At Shar- 
perton, 78, Mrs, Redhead, generally es- 
teemed.—At Kyhope, Mrs, Wright. 

2 


CUMBERLAND AND WESTMORELAND, 

Married.} Mr. J. Buckland, to Miss 
M. A. Thompson; Mr. J. Fiddler, to Miss 
A. Lewthwaite; Mr. J. Taylor, to Miss 
A. Bagnall: all of Carlisle-—Mr. C. Hen- 
derson, to Miss A, Allan; Mr. R. Jackson, 
to Miss R. Bulman; H. Dunbabin, esq. 
to Miss A. Knowles : all of Kendall.—Mr. 
Atkinson, to Miss Perkins, both of Ap- 
pleby.—Mr. H. Thompson, of Papcastle, 
to Miss M. Thompson, of Caldewgate, 
Carlisle.—Rev. A. Heslop, of Borrowdale, 
to Miss A. Greenhow, of Riddings, near 
Threlkeld.—Mr. D. Modlin, of Corby, to 
Miss M. Robinson, of Wetheral, Shields. 

Died.] At Carlisle, in Castle-street, 39, 
Mrs. E. Horsley.—In Caldewgate, 44, Mr. 
T. Simpson.—63, Mr. Leonard Smith. 
72, Mr. T. Young.—22, Mr. W. Johnston. 

At Workington, Mr. G. Pooley.—86, 
Mrs. H. Affieck,—23, Mr. J. Ashbridge.— 
Mr. J. Hill. 

At Penrith, 66, Mr. D. Horn.—28, Mr. 
W. Peacock.—79, Mrs. S. Miller.—-59, 
Mr. I. Sutton. 

At Maryport, Mr. P. Thirlwill, much 
respected.—57, Mrs. E. Smith.—g0, Mr. 
W. Crow. 

At Brampton, 46, Mrs. E. Sewell. 

At Kendall, at an advanced age, Mrs. 
Threlfeld.—31, Mrs. Harrison.—29, Mr. 
Christon. 

At Wigton, 62, Mr. T. Blaiklock, great- 
ly regretted. 

At Cockermouth, at an advanced age, 
Mr. G. Tyson. 

At Outhwaite, 75, Mrs. Sallentire, much 
respected.—At New Park, Ireby, 67, Mr. 
G. Turner.—At Wasdale-head, Mr. Flet- 
cher.—At Lockerby, Mr. M, Rae. 

YORKSHIRE. 

A bill is pending in the House of Com- 
mons for regulating the elections of repre- 
sentatives for this county. It is intended 
that two members should be chosen by the 
West Riding, and two by the North and 
East Ridings. This arrangement appears 
unexceptionable, though meetings have 
been held in the county to petition against 
it. We wish all the large and populous 
counties were divided in like manner, and 
members assigned them from the rotten 
boroughs, 

A petition, by the inhabitants of Hull 
and neighbourhood, has lately been for- 
warded to the House of Commons. on 
agricultural distress, They stated that 
relief could not be afforded without an 

effectual 


376 


effectual and sweeping reductton of tax- 
ation. 

Married.} Mr. Boith, to Miss Thomp- 
son; Mr. W. Kay, to Miss Atkinson ; Mr. 
J. Furness, to Miss H. Taft; Mr. J. Wal- 
ker, to Miss M. Wood: all of Leeds.—Mr. 
J. Baraclough, of Leeds, to Miss J. A. 
Hawkins, of Howden.—Mr. E, Joy, of 
Leeds, to Miss R. Walker, of Mear Clough 
Mills, Halifax.--Mr. B. N. Tute, of Wake- 
field, to Miss E. Woodhouse, of Leeds.— 
Mr. W. Carr, to Miss H. Barker, both of 
Halifax.—Mr. W. Potter, to Miss Beck- 
with, both of Scarborough,—Mr. J. Rids- 
dale, of Wakefield, to Miss E. Heaton, of 
Leeds.—Mr. G. Harrison, to Miss S. Tay- 
lor, both of Barnsley.—Mr. J. Crowther, 
of Elland, to Mrs, Court, of York.—Mr. 
E. Noble, of Bingley, to Miss M. A. Hul- 
bert, of Vicarage.—Mr: J. Robinson, to 
Miss E. Walker, both of Clayton.—The 
Rev. W. Lees, of Dogle-lane, to Miss M. 
Wilson, of Sheffield. 

Died.) At York, 57, Mr. S. Green.— 
55, Mr. J. Fawcett, much respected. 

At Leeds, 61, Mrs. E. Goodall.—Mr. J. 
Bower.—Mrs. Kendall.—Mrs. E. Burrell. 
—Mrs. Dobson.—65, Mr. R. Mathers.— 
Mrs. Walker. 

At Sheffield, in Angel-street, 67, Robt. 
Turner, esq. 

At Halifax, Mrs, Haisty.x—Mr. J. Wood. 
—86, Mrs. Whitehead.—Mrs. A. Rich- 
ardson. 

At Pontefract, 67, Mr. W. Thompson, 
suddenly. 

At Bradford, Miss Ward. 

At Selby, Mrs. M. Dickinson. 

At Hopwood-hall, 83, Robt. Alexander, 
esq.—At Hooton Paguell, 77, St. Andrew 
Warde, esg.—At Milshaw, Mrs. S, Wal- 
ker.—At Addingham, Mrs. Dean.— At 
Micklefield, 91, Mrs. A. Scholetield.—At 
Hillend, near Barnsley, 103, Mrs. Water- 
house.—At Obley, 56, Miss E. Dinsdale. 
67, Mrs. E. Brook. 

LANCASHIRE. 

A most important constitutional ques- 
tion underwent five days’ hearing before 
a Lancashire jury at the last assizes. It 
was a trial for an assault committed on 
Mr. Redford by the Manchester Yeomanry 
in the ever-memorable tragedy of the 16th 
of August, 1819. We lament that this 
momentous subject was not set at rest by 
a trial in another county ; for the wrong 
must be atoned for, and time will add 
heavy compound interest to the satisfac- 
tion that is due to outraged humanity, and 
to the common sense of mankind. It is 
said, that where there is a wrong there is a 
remedy; but this case has hitherto baffled 
justice, the magistrates shielding them- 
selves behind their assumed sound discre- 
tion, and the yeomanry behind the orders 
of the magistrates. ‘That the meeting was 
as lawful as its purpose was truly consti- 


Provincial Occurrences. 


[May 1, 
tutional is evident from the necessity 
which existed for subsequently passing the 
six acts. Patience is sometimes as neces- 
sary as action; and in this case we seem 
doomed to wait, but not we hope till this 
generation has passed away. Mr. Red- 
ford lost his cause, but we understand the 
subject will be further discussed in other 
courts. The cause is in the able hands of 
Mr. R. Hayward; and Mr. Blackburn and 
Mr. Evans greatly distinguished them- 


-selves by their eloquent appeals in favour 


of the rights of the people. 

A petition from Liverpool has lately been 
presented to the House of Commons, pray- 
ing for a repeal of the odious salt-tax. 

Married.| Mr.T. Barrett, to Miss A. 
Hamer; Mr. H. Jackson, to Miss R. 
Davies; Mr. W. Bradley, to Miss E. Rad- 
cliffe : ail of Manchester.—Mr. 'T. Walley, 
of Manchester, to Miss Lees, of Blakeley. 
—Mr. S. Morrell, of Manchester, to Miss 
M. H. Wright, of Leeds.—Mr. E, P. Var- 
ley, of Manchester, to Miss M. Green, of 
Ainderby-hall.—Mr. G. Boardman, to Miss 
S. Walsh, both of Chorlton-row.—Mr. S. 
Leresche, of Manchester, to Miss J. Sun- 
derland, of Leeds.—Mr. M. Foster, of 
Scel-street, to Mrs. K. Blew; Mr. J. 
Udney, of Oldhall-street, to Mrs. Smyth, 
of Edge-hill; Mr. J. Cross, to Miss E. 
Banks, of Berry-street; Mr. W. Clarkson, 
to Miss M. Griffiths: all of Liverpool.— 
Richard Tetley, esq. of Liverpool, to Miss 
Sarah Wilkinson, of Hyneing Cottage, 
Westmoreland. 

Died.} At Manchester, in Water-street, 
Miss Edgar, much lamented.—79, Mr. M. 
Lofthouse, greatly respected,—54, Mr. 
Josh. Kay, much lamented.—50, Mr. J. 
Smith, deservedly respected. 

At Salford, 56, Mr. T, Best, deservedly 
regretted. 

At Liverpool, in St. Ann’s-street, Mrs. 
H. Dickenson.—Miss Reed.—In Sir Tho- 
mas’s Buildings, 55, Mrs. M. Tunstall.— 
In Great Crosshall-street, 50, Mr. E. Bux- 
ton.—In Parliament-street, Mrs. M.Dixon. 
—22, Mr. T. Rutherford, of Glasgow.— 
57, Mr. W. Melling.—25, Miss M. Berry. 

At Ormskirk, 41, Mr, W. Rymer. 

At Broughton, Mrs. A. Fallows.—At 
Worlden-hall, 69, Mr. Sumuer. 

CHESHIRE. 

A petition to the House of Commons 
was lately agreed upon at Stockport, for 
better treatment and liberation of Mr. 
Hunt from Iichester gaol. 

Married.]. Mr. Green, of Chester, to 
Miss Harrison, of Waverton.—Mr. J. Da- 
venport, of Nantwich, to Miss F. White- 
head, of Manchester.—Mr. Jas. Bulmer, 
of Wotten-hall, to Miss M. Blackburn, of, 
Over.—Mr. Dodgson, of Winsford, to Miss 
Sefton, of Over. 

Died.} At Chester, 70, Mrs. Salmon.— 
In Handbridge, 58, Mrs. Griffith, much 

respected » 


1822.] 


respected and lamented.—89, Mr. P. Wil- 
liams, late of Eastgate-street. 

At Nantwich, 73, the Rev. Robert 
Smith. 

At Dorfold, 80, Heni'y Tomkinson, esq. 
—At Tattenhall, 75, Thomas Orton, esq.— 
At Hoole-hall, 56, Mrs. E. Grindley, greatly 
esteemed and regretted.—At Edgley, 48, 
Mrs. Hyde. 

DERBYSHIRE. 

The Farmers’ Club at Chesterfield lately 
resolved to send a deputation of two or 
three of its members to London to wait 
upon their county representatives in Par- 
liament, and personally to implore their 
activity and attention to the agricultural 
interest in the debates in Parliament upon 
the Agricultural Report. 

Married.) Mr. C. Johnson, to Miss J. 
Stubbs, of Sadler-gate; Mr. H. Flower, to 
Miss Bridgett: all of Derby.—Mr. T. 
Brearley, of Derby, to Miss M. Thacker, 
of Ticknall.—At Ashborne, Mr. H. Feron, 
to Miss M. Wright.—Mr. C. Howard, to 
Miss S. Aston, both of Ashborne. 

Died,.| At Derby,46, Mrs. M. Brass- 
fugton.—In Bridge-gate, 35, Mr. Redman, 
much respected. 

The Rev. G, Boysley, 68, A. M. vicar of 
Chesterfield. 

At Biadby Park, 86, Mr. G, Richardson, 
greatly respected.—At Stanton-by-Dale, 
67, Mr. Posnett, justly lamented. 

NOTTINGHAMSHIRE, 

Marricd.] Mr. T. Newball, to Miss J. 
Ayre; Mr. R. Hobson, to Miss J. Sollery ; 
Mr. L. Millington, to Miss M. Rothera: 
all of Nottingham.—Mr. T. Millington, of 
Nottingham, to Miss Tudsbury, of Edwin- 
stowe.—Mr. J. Sansom, of Clumber-street, 
Nottingham, to Miss F. Morris, of Clifton. 
—At Newark, Mr. G. Gray, of Bingham, 
to Miss H. Bradley.—At Snenton, Mr. J. 
Blundell, to Miss M. Cooper; Mr. C. 
Greasley, to Miss M. Stevenson, 

Died.) At Nottingham, in St. James's- 
street, 56, Mr. J. Nelson, greatly regret- 
ted.—47, Mrs, E. Lacy.—74, Mrs. Beards- 
ley.—In Rose-yard, Mount-street, 30, Mr. 
J. Marriot. 

At Newark, 59, Mr. W. Weston.—52, 
Mr. R. Clark. 

At Mansfield, 73, Mrs. H. Ellis, a much 
esteemed member of the Society of Friends, 

At Calverton, 81, Mr. Jos. Morley.— 
At Arnold, 26, Mr. C. Wood, greatly 
lamented.—At East Bridgford, 86, Mr. J. 
Heath.—At Flawborough, 39, Mrs. E. 
Bland. 

LINCOLNSHIRE. 

A meeting of this county was held on the 
29th ult. when Sir R. Heron moved a peti- 

- tion to the House of Commons, praying a 
reduction of taxation, a diminution of 
enormous establishments, and every pos- 
sible measure of retrenchment. C., Allix, 
esq. and E,F, Bromhead, esq, particu. 

Montyty Maa. No. 367. 


Derby—Nottingham—Lincoln, &c. 


377 
larly urged the reduction of rent by land- 
lords. 

Married.) Mr. C. Reesby, of Stamford, 
to Mrs. Randall, late of Stocken-hall.— 
Mr. S. Tooley, to Miss S. Mayfield, both 
of Boston.—Mr. R. J. Briggs, to Miss 
M. Skifham, of Boston.—Thomas Gee, 
esq. of Boston, to Miss Anne Leman, of 
Brampton-hall. 

Died.] Mrs. Eleanor Gordon, sister to 
Sir Jenison Gordon, bart. of Haverholm 
Priory.—At Tothill, 75, Mrs, Taylor. 

At Buckden, 82, J. Hodgson, esq. M. A. 
commissary of the Archdeaconry of Hun- 
tingdon. He had filled the office of secre- 
tary to the Bishop of Lincoln for more 
than fifty years, during the incumbency 
of Dr. Green, Dr. Thurlow, and lastly of 
Dr. Tomline, now Bishop of Winchester, 

At Boston, 73, Mr. J. Harliss. 

LEICESTER AND RUTLAND. 

A petition by the agriculturists of Lei- 
cestershire was lately agreed to and for- 
warded to the House of Commons, pray- 
ing for relief. Among other observations 
the petitioners said, “* Your petitioners beg 
to represent to your Honourable House, 
that this depression in prices makes it 
utterly impossible for them to support the 
burthens of the country, unless your Ho- 
nourable House exerts itself with the 
utmost vigour to reduce the present enor- 
mous public expenditure as luw as possi- 
ble, and to lighten those burthens as much 
as possible; from a thorough conviction 
that the country is in a state which re- 
quires the most energetic measures to save 
it from fatal consequences.” 

The hosiers and manufacturers of Lei- 
cester, at a public meeting, have agreed 
to present a petition to the House of 
Commons against the bill now in-progress 
for repealing those important statutes of 
the 11th Edw. III. and 4th of Edw. IV. 
which.created, and have for so many cen- 
turies protected the woollen manufac- 
turers of this country. The ministers 
seem to resort to expedients upon expe- 
dients, for the purpose of preserving the 
system of enormous expenditure; and, 
having been so successful in their opera- 
tions on the landed interests, they seem to 
be now proceeding ina similar course rela- 
tive to the mannfacturers. ‘The Leicester 
petition is at once sensible, well-drawn, 
and well-timed. 

Married.| Mr, T. Stokes, to Miss Joyce ; 
Mr. J. Craythorn, of the High-street, to 
Miss M. Able, of the Northgateestreet ; 
Mr. J. Knight, to Miss Findley: all of 
Leicester.—Mr. Gamble, of King-street, 
Leicester, to Miss Bennett, of Syston.— 
Mr. T. Black, of Ashby Folville, to Miss 
M. A. Brown, of Melton Mowbray.—Mr. 
J. Jackson, to Mrs. Goodrich, both of 
Great Wigston. 

Dicd,] At paiteatans 63, Mr. Stanhope. 

3 


—~Mr. 


378 


—Mr. Wheatly.—In the London-road, 70, 
Mrs. Lee. 

At Loughborough, Miss King.—47, Mr. 
Blunt.—74, Mrs, Palmer. 

At Uppingham, 75, Mrs. Wade, sen. 

At Pickwell Lodge, 76, Mr. J. Alliott, 
suddenly.--At the Halfway-house Roti- 
ley, 85, Mr. Bywater.—At Walton, 76, 
Mrs. Moore, much. lamented.—At Wing, 
22, Mrs, Baines. 

‘ STAFFORDSHIRE. 

Married.| Edward Phillips, esq. of 
Newcastle, to Miss Benedicta Wedgwood, 
of Over-House Burslem.—Mr. J. Knight, 
to Miss Johnson, both of Tamworth.— 
Mr. R. Grant, of Newport, to Miss M. 
Allen, of Droitwich.—Mr. J. Critchley, 
to Miss D. Critchley, both of Dunston,— 
Mr. W. T, Cobley, te Miss R. Foster, of 
Aston. 

Lieutenant J. WKenderdine, r.n. of 
Stafford, to Miss Ball, of London.—Mr. 
W. Bowen, to Miss 8. Howell, both cf 
Bilston. 

At Penkridge, Mr. J. S. Bennett, to 
Miss A. Webb.—Mr. G. Woolfe, to Miss 
Prince, both of Ipstones.—Mr, J. Turner, 
of Beffcote, to Miss S, James, of Coton. 

Died.| At Longdon Cottage, Eleanor, 
wife of ‘Thomas Webb, esq.—At Stanton, 
W., Nadin, esq, 

At Wolverhampton, in Salop-street, 55, 
Mr. J. Hadley.-On High Green, 24, Mr. 
R. Jones.—Mr. T, Bevan. 

At Eccleshall, Mrs. Bradlum, widow 
of Mx. F, B. deservedly lamented. 

At Uttoxeter, 72, Mr. C. Turner.—Mis, 
Richards.—60, Mrs. M. Mace. 

At Leek, Mr. J. Keates, deservedly 
vegretted.—71, Mrs. A, Lees.—44, Mrs. 
Lueas, wife of Samuel L. esq. 

At Bradnop, 78, Mrs. E. Deavill,—At 
Cleyton, 49,, Mrs. A. Poole.x—At Old 
Dnaderhill, Bushbury, 71, Mr. T. Eaton. 
—At Hopton, 87, Mr, J. Hill, highly and 
deservedly respected, 

WARWICKSHIRE. 

A numerously signed petition was lately 
forwarded to the House of Commons from 
Warwick, for meliorated treatment and 
freedom of Mr. Hunt. 

Married.| The Rev. Charles Davenport, 
of Welford, to Miss Caroline Johnson, of 
Birmingham,—The Rev. H. Moore, of 
Tachbrook, to Miss Rebecca Harriet 
Huntington. 

Died.] At Warwick, Mr. Radford, of 
Leamington, suddenly. 

At Birmingham, M. P. Wyon, a re- 
spectable artist.—At Birmingham-heath, 
55, Miss Hammond.—In Bull-street, Mr. 
Graham.—73, Mr. George Lee.—66, Mrs. 
S. Backhouse.—in Ballstreet, Mr. J. 
Sharpe—In Hurst-street, 70, Mr. J. 
Wilson.—63, Mr. J. Hewett, late of Lon- 
don.—In Lancaster-street, 65, Mrs. Mary 
Harper, deservedly respected and la- 
mented,—In Cheapside, 49, Mrs. M. 


Stafford—Warwick—-Shropshire—Worcester, dc. 


[May i, 
Burr. —In Park-street, 65, Mr. T. 
Whorwood, formerly of Bull-street.—At 
Ashted, 55, Mr. W. Johns.—34, Mr. T. 
C. Meeson.—At Smethwick, 27, Mr. J. 
Radge. 

At Alton-hall, John Seymour, esq. 
major of the first battalion of the War- 
wickshire local militia.—The Rev. Charles 
Wakeman, a prebendary of Litehfield and 
Coventry, and rector of Wickemby. 

SHROPSHIRE. 


Married.) Mr. Owen, of High-street, to 
Miss Butler, both of Shrewsbury.—Mr, 
R. Jones, of College-hill, Shrewsbury, to 
Miss S. Wigley, of Longden.—John Burke 
Kicketts, esq. of Ashford-hall, to Miss J. 
Parker, of Portland-place, London.—Mr, 
Davies, of Church-Stretton, to Miss S. 
Haynes, of Ludlow. 

Died.| At Shrewsbury, Miss S. Wyke, 
of Broseley.—Mrs, Sayer.— Miss Dadley. 
—In the Abbey Foregate, 97, Mrs, 
Podmore. 

At Whitchurch, 72, Mr. Thomas Tilsley. 
—Mrs. A. Beddow. 

At Bridgnorth, Mr. W. Page, suddenly. 

At Oswestry, Mr. William Roberts. 

At Merrington, 70, Mr, R. Morris. 
At Burford-house, 19, Miss Rushout.— 
At Weston Cotton, 37, Mr. R. Hayward. 
—At Hope Bowdler, Mrs, Marsh, wife of 
the Rey. G. W. M. rector. 

WORCESTERSHIRE. 

Married.} Mr. James Pace, to Miss 
Mary Darke, both of Worcester, and of 
the Society of Friends.—Mr, A, Foster, of 
Ledbury, to Miss R. Pure, of Worcester, 
both of the Society of Friends.—The 


‘Rev. E. Woodyatt, of Worcester, to Miss 


L. G. M. Gresley, of Drakelow.—Mr. 
Higgs, of Little Barnsley, to Miss E. 
Gibbs, of Ashley.—Charles Seale, esq. of 
Linkend-house, to Miss Edith Newman, 
of Lassington-Court. 

Dicd.] At Worcester, Miss M. Crane. 
—Frances, wife of Charles Gabb, esq. of 
the Tything.—78, Mr. T. Wells.-—Jolin 
Little, esq. a justice of the peace for the 
counties of Worcester and Hereford, 

HEREFORDSHIRE, 

At the late Hereford assizes there were 
forty-one prisoners for trial: ten were ca- 
pitally convicted ; one sentenced to four- 
teen years’ transportation, and two for 
seven years; the remainder were to have 
minor punishment, or were acquitted. 

Married.) The Rev. G. W. Curtis, of 
Leominster, to Caroline Georgiana, daugh- 
ter of the Rev. Dr. Perkins. 

Died.] At Hereford, Miss E. Thomas, 
late of Ludlow.—At Hereford, Mr. Charles 
Newett.—= At Leominster, 33, Mr. 'T. 
Heath.—At Orlton, 52, Miss S. Lowe. 
—At Kingsland, 67, Edward Robson - 
Ward, esq. deservedly respected.—At 
Bollitree Castle, Sarah, wife of William 
Palmer, esq.—At Llanarvon, 49, Mr. 
W, Williams, 

At 


1822.] Gloucester and Monmouth—-Oxfordshire— Buckingham, Se. 379 


At Allensmore, near Hereford, 120, 7. 
Gilbert. 5h. 

At Longworth, 72, Robert Phillips, esq. 
Mr. Phillips was called to the bar in early 
life. In the year 1784 he was unanimously 
chosen to represent the city of Hereford in 
Parliament, but relinquished the situation 
soon afterwards, when his brother-in law, 
the late Mr. Walwyn, was elected. On 
the death of James Poole, esq. in 1801, 
Mr. Phillips was appointed Recorder of 
Hereford, and ably and honourably per- 
formed the duties of that office as long as 
he lived. 


GLOUCESTER AND MONMOUTHSHIRE, 


At the late Gloucester assizes, there 
were ninety-two prisoners for trial: two 
were sentenced to death, five for seven 
years’ transportation, and the remainder 
to minor punishments. 

A petition from Monmouth was lately 
presented to the House of Commons, pray- 
ing for reform: some disrespectful ob- 
jections were made to it by Lord G. 
Somerset, the county member. In con- 
sequence, a mecting of the mayor, bailiffs, 
and burgesses of Monmouth took place; 
when several strong resolutions, declara- 
tory of surprise and indignation felt on 
account of the part reported to have been 
taken by him, were unanimously agreed 
to; and a spirited and manly remon- 
strance, signed by a great majority of the 
resident burgesses, was presented to him 
at Monmouth, at the time of the assize, 
when upon the grand jury. 

Married.] Mr. W. Dyke, to Miss M. 
Date; Mr. J. Smith, of Picton strect, to 
Miss E, Clark, of Union-street; Mr. J. 
Brooks, to Mis™.E. Bees; Mr. C. Stock, 
to Miss M. fi. 7 all of Bristol.—Mr. J. 
Howell, of Bristol, to Miss M. Newton, of 
Bath.—Mr. W. Boulton, of Cheltenham, 
to Miss M. Boyce, of Barnwood.—Richard 
Baker, esq. of Llanvihangel Court, to 
Miss A. Blunt, of Dinham Vale.—Mr, J. 
Thacker, of Churchdown, to Miss M, A. 
Matthews, of Cheltenham.—Mr. G. 
Cadogan, of Awre, to Miss C. Brown. 

Phed,] At Gloucester, Mrs. Middleton, 
widow of Mr. Alderman M. deservedly 
lamented.—At Bristol, Mr. f. Suple, 
much respected.—In Castle-street, Mrs, 
Fox.—In Old Market-street, Mr. S&S. 
Britton.—In Dowry-parade, the Hotwells, 
84, Mrs. Montague.—In Trinity-street, 
24, Miss Emma Dennis. 

At Cheltenham, 48, Richard Bayzard, 
es i Joseph Watts. 

t Tewkesbury, Mrs. Goodere, of the 
Society of Friends. 

At Dursley, 74, Mr. J. Cam.—Mrs. M. 
Blackwell.—At Littleworth, 59, Mrs. O. 
Burgess.—At Colford, 64, Mr, W. Pearce. 
—At Rye-honse, Tidenham, Mr. T. Willett. 
__ At Monmouth, 83, Mrs, A.'Thurston, of 
Over Monmow.—Mrsé, Embry, suddenly. 


OXFORDSHIRE. 

Married.| Mr. E. Grant, sen, to Mrs. 
Cooper; Mr. Scott, to Miss Bell; Mr. R. 
Juggens, to Miss E. A. Coles: all of 
Oxford.—Mr. Grimmett, to Miss Foster, 
of St. Aldate’s, Oxford.—Mr. J. Earley, 
to Miss A. Townsend; Mr. Jones, to Miss 
Fowler: all of Witney.—Mr. J. Webb, of 
Alcester, to Miss Sophia Emma Hitchcox, 
of Broughton.—Mr. R. Phillips, to Miss 
M.A. Baskett, of Charlbury. 

Died.] At Oxford, 63, Mr. W. Fell.— 
89, Mr. R. Weston, a member of the Cor- 
poration.—62, Mr. Godfrey.—At Rosc- 
hill, 31, Miss M. A. Hearfly, highly 
esteemed and regretted.—In St. Ebbe's, 
76, Mrs. Ek. Higgins.—tu St. Mary Mag- 
dalen’s, 83, Mr. ‘T. Milbourne, respected. 

At Chipping Norton, 78, Mrs. Frances 
Bedford, much aud deservedly esteemed 
and lamented. 

At Ensham-hall, 73, Col. Patrick Nay, 
of the East-India Company’s service. 

BUCKINGHAMSHIRE AND BERKS, | 

At the assizes for Buckinghamshire, 
twenty-two prisoners received sentence of 
death; two, only, were left for execution. 
Two were ordered to be transported 
for seven years; cleven to be imprisoned 
for various periods, and the rest acquitted. 

A petition to Parliament for a free 
trade in beer, numerously signed by the 
landowners in the vicinity of Maidenhead, 
has lately been presented to the House of 
Commons.—A similar petition was pre- 
sented from Reading. 

Married.] Mr. R.G. Barton, to Miss J. 
Emlyn, of Windsor.—Mr. W. Adams, to 
Miss C. Child, both of Amersham.—Mr. 
J. D. Ayers, to Miss S. Cripps, both of 
Newport Pagnel. : 

Died.] At Aylesbury, Mr. Ivatts.—74, 
Mr. J. Fell.—86, Mrs. Toms. 

At Windsor, 65, Mr. J. Spencer,—48, 
Mr. A. Leggatt. 

At Wooburn, 46, Mrs. E. Pegg, greatly 
regretted.—At Long Crendon, Mr. 
Wainwright. 

HERTFORDSHIRE AND BEDFORDSHIRE, 

On the 19th, a numerous and most 
respectable meeting took place of the no- 
bility, gentry, and inhabitants of this 
county, the High Sheriff in the chair; 
when the Duke of Bedford, after a most 
able and eloquent speech, moved a reso- 
lution, to petition the House of Commons 
for parliamentary reform, as the only- 
effectual remedy of the grievances of tie 
country. It was passed with only one 
dissenting voice, that of a clergyman, who 
afterwards qualified his dissent. If the 
distresses of the landed interest thus com- 
pel them to investigate the true cause, 
and become friends to reform, en masse, a 
good will, in this case, as in many others, 
come out of evil. ‘The Duke of Bedford 
liberally declared, that the liappiest day 
of his life would be that which should 

confer 


3380 Northamptonshire— Cambridge and Hunts— Norfolk, &c. (May 1, 


confer the right of voting on all persons 
paying scott and lot in his own close 
borough of Tavistock. Such are the vir- 
tues, hereditary, in the house of Russell. 

A petition from the owners and occu- 
piers of land in the hundred of Norman 
Cross, in Bedfordshire, praying a reduc- 
tion of the high existing taxation, as the 
only effectual remedy for agricultural 
distress, was lately agreed to and pre- 
sented to the House of Commons. 

Married.| Mr. A. Mann, of Leighton 
Buzzard, to Miss Reed, of Tebworth. 
—Mr. Gossett, of Waterbeach, to Miss E. 
Fiske, of Dry Drayton. 

Died.| At Hertford, Mr. A. Davies. 
—At Bedford, John Cooch, esq.—At an 
advanced age, Mr. Liburne.—At Tring, 
Mr. G. Willis—At Long Marston, 80, 
Mrs, S. Collier. 

NORTHAMPTONSHIRE, 

Married.] The Rev. J. Lamb, A.m. to 
Miss A. Hutchinson, of Cranford. 

Died.] At Northampton, Miss M. D. 
Howes.—J. Hall, esq. banker. 

AtBagbroke-rectory,H.B,Harrison,b.a. 

CAMBRIDGESHIRE AND HUNTS. 

A numerous and respectable meeting of 
the nobility, freeholders, &c. of the county 
of Cambridge, was lately held at Cams 
bridge, to petition Parliament for reform 
and relief of the agricultural distress, 
J. D. Merest, esq. moved the resolutions 
and petition to the Commons: it declared 
it to be the deliberate conviction of the 
meeting, that the main cause of the pre- 
sent calamitous state of things is exor- 
bitant taxation; that the recorded votes of 
the Commons prove no unity of feeling or 
sentiment subsists between the people 
and their representatives ; and that there- 
fore the petitioners hope. the House will, 
before it be too late, institute a thorough 
and effectual reform in the representation 
of the people—The petition was sup- 
ported by the Duke of Bedford and 
others, and adopted. 

A county meeting, for a similar purpose, 
was held also at Huntingdon, when a pe- 
tition was carried unanimously. 

Married.| Mr. J. Hardy, of Wisbech, to 
Miss M. A. Wool, of Upwell.—Mr. T. 
Beeby, to Miss Stafford ; both of March. 

Died.] At Cambridge, 29, Mr. W. T. 
Cory, suddenly.—74, Mrs. M. Wallis. 

AtWisbech, Mrs. Coote.—Mr. R. Ward. 

At St. Ives, Miss J. Paul.—At Willing- 
ham, 42, Mr. J. Huckle. 

NORFOLK. 

At the late Norfolk assizes three priv 
soners were capitally convicted of arson, 
two of them, for having been accessary to 
setting fire to three hay-stacks at Diss, 
were left fur execution. Seventeen were 
convicted of riot and breaking thrashing- 
machines, &c. and sentenced to various 
terms of imprisonmeut, from eighteen to 


nine months.—-Benj. Neale and William 
Hardiment were indicted for the mur 
der of Mr. Robert Baker, late of Wells, 
on October 11th, 1817. Hardiment was 
found guilty, but protested his innocence. 
He was executed. 

There have been lately no less than five 
meetings of the Jand-owners and occupiers 
of different Hundreds in this county, to 
consider the overpowering subject of the 
agricultural distress: petitions to the House 
of Commons were agreed upon. 

Married.] Mr. W. Cordell, to Miss 8. 
Dowe.—Mr. 8. Coleman, to Miss R. C. 
Wright : all of Norwich.—Mr. T. Watson, 
of Norwich, to Miss R. Wormack, of East 
Somerton.—Mr. Artis, to Miss Bexfield, 
both of Yarmouth.—Thomas Falcher, esq. 
of Lynn, to Miss S. Fiske, of Snetterton- 
hall.—W. Bellairs, esq. of Temple Druid, 
Pembrokeshire, to Miss Cassandra Hooke, 
of Mulbarton Lodge.—Mr. T. Boulter, of 
Burgh, to Miss M. Roper, of Thurgarton. 

Died.] At Norwich, Mrs. Felstead.—In 
All Saints, 70, Mr. J. Dobson, greatly re- 
gretted.—65, Mrs. Tubby, much ro- 
spected.—In St, Angustine’s, 78, Mr. John 
Whitley. —43, Miss Woolsey.—-In St. 
George's, at an advanced age, Mr, Coul- 
son.—Mrs. Keymer. 

At Yarmouth, 68, Mrs. M. Briggs.—24, 
Mr. W. Coxen.—69, Mrs. Brumming.— 
46, Mrs. M. Paynter. 

At Lynn, 76, Mr. F. Jobnson.—46, 
Mrs. A. Legge. 

At Martin Rainham, 61, the Rev. Geo. 
Boldero, respected and lamented. —89, the 
Rev. Anthony Barwick, vicar of Neates- 
head and Horning: these livings were pre- 
sented to him in 1767 by Bishop Yonge.— 
At Aylsham, 75, Mr. E. Scottow.—53, 
Mr. W. Doughty. 

SUFFOLK. 

This and the preceding county have 
lately been scenes of extensive tumults 
among the farming Jabourers, and nu- 
merous farm-yards have been wilfully set 
on fire in many parts of them. 

On the 24th ult. the friends of parlia- 
mentary reform, resident in this county, 
lately assembled together at Bungay. Se- 
veral eloquent and argumentative speeches, 
adducing cause for the effect of over- 
whelming parliamentary majorities, were 
delivered. Taxation was viewed as the 
principal onus upon the people. 

A numerous body of landowners and 
agriculturists of the county lately agreed 
to petition the House of Commons for re- 
lief. They expressed their opinion, that 
the cheaper all articles were, the better for 
the community ; to this end they prayed 
for a diminution of taxation, which in 
their opinion was absolutely necessary, in 
order to afford to agriculture effectual 
relief, 
Married.} Mr. H, Christopherson, of 

Ipswich, 


1822.] 


Ipswich, to Miss H. Wallis, of Colchester. 
—Mr. B. Backhouse, to Mrs. M, A. 
Prentice, both of Ipswich.—Mr. W. B. 
Smith, to Mrs. E. Clarke, of Sudbury.— 
Charles Brown, esq. of Islington, to Miss 
S. Primrose, of Southwold.—Mr. Mathew, 
to Miss H. Eade, both of Cotton.—Mr. 
Peck, of Dagworth, to Miss Mathew, of 
Cotton.—Mr. W. Ray, of Fannington 
Green, to Miss Gooch, of Brundish-hall. 

Died.] At Ipswich, 76, Mrs. Ranson.— 
60, Mrs. R. Bennett.—53, Mr. J. Parker. 

At Bury, 33, Mrs. A. S. Rallings. 

At Southwold, 86, Mr. 8. Hunton, one 
of the Society of Friends. 

At Stowmarket, Mr. J. Ward, sud- 
denly. 

At Brandon, 25, Mr. R. Mortlock. 

At Saxted, 62, Mr. E. Mayes.—At 
Cretingham, 24, Mr. T. R. Ludbrook:— 
23, Mr. G. Ludbrook, esteemed and 
ereatly lamented.—At Wenhaston, 84, 
Mrs. E, Andrews.—At Ixworth, 68, Mrs. 
Reed, late of Palgrave.—At Darsham, 63, 
Mr. J. Pope. 

ESSEX. 

Married.|] William Dyer, esq. of Little 
Ilford, to Miss Mary Ramsbottom.—Mr. 
C. Hall, of Harlow, to Mrs. W. Wright, of 
Romford.—Mr. Trollop, of Halsted, to 
Miss M. Canning, of Elsenton.—Mr. S. 
Hatchinson, to Miss E. Plumbe, both of 
Colchester.—Mr. H. Guy, to Miss J. 
Clark, both of Chelmsford.— Mr. T. 
Wraekhill, of Burnham, to Mis3’S. Scott, 
' of Chelmsford—John Osborn, esq. of 
Witham, to Mrs. C. Dowsing, of Colches- 
ter.—Mr. H. Christopherson, of Ipswich, 
to Miss H. Wallis, of Colchester.—Mr. J, 
Cooper, to Miss Hatt, both of Great 
Oakley.—Mr. Geo, Thorn, of Great Bad- 
dow, to Miss H. Choat, of Ipswich, both of 
the Society of Friends.—The Rev. T. Har- 
risop, of Denne-hill, to Miss E. Branfell, 
of Upminster-hall—Mr, W. Baker, of 
Ford-street Mills, to Miss Maria Nunn, of 
Maldon. 

Died.] At Colchester, 41, Miss Round, 
of Birch-hall.—Miss Willis.—25, Mrs. J. 
Hedge, of Ipswich. 

At Billericay, 72, Mrs. Mary Blencowe. 
—At Clayberry-hall, Mrs. W. C. Hatch,— 
At Great Baddow, Mrs. Belcher.—At 
Aldham-hall, Mr. T. Lay.—At Finch- 
ingtield, 23, Miss A. Westerman. 

At Chelmsford, Mrs. Maria Tilney, one 
of the Society of Friends.—53, Mr. J, 
Merrit.—Miss E. A. Williams. 

At Harwich, Mrs. Cottingham. 

At Maldon, Mr. W. Hayward. 

At Saffron Walden, Miss Collin, highly 
and deservedly esteemed. 

At Braintree, 58, Mr. J. Dixon.—At 
Dover-court, Mrs, Cole-—At Woodham 
Walter, Miss C. Kemp.—At Mountnessing 
Grange, 49, Mrs. Martha Thorogood.—At 
Moreton, the Rev. W. Wilsov, 3.p.~At 


Essea—Kent—Sussex. 


581 


Leeden, Mr. Wood.—At Sibie Heding- 
ham, Mrs. King. 
KENT. : 

Want of employment has been generally 
felt, and the feeling manifested by several 
illegal acts in various parts of this country 
against machinery by the farming labourers 
within the month. Seventeen recently ap- 
plied to the parish of Stockbury for relief: 
there being no employment, they were 
actually set upon playing at marbles. In 
this unmanly pastime they were as actually 
superintended by order of the overseers of 
the parish. 

Married.} Mr. R. Boyle, to Miss A. 
Tookey.—Mr. T. Wright, to Miss E. 
Warren: all of Canterbury.—Geo, Frend, 
esq. of Canterbury, to Miss A. Tomson, of 
Ramsgate.—Mr. W. Pearson, of Sitting- 
bourne, to Miss M. Powis, of Canterbury. 
—Mr. L. Histed, of Faversham, to Miss 
Wilmehurst, of Canterbury.—Mr. C. Por- 
tage, of Rochester, to Mrs. A. Mannich, of 
Strood.—At Rochester, Mr. H. Clarke, to 
Mrs. Patch.—Mr. W. Court, of Faver- 
sham, to Miss E. Redman, of Oare.—Mr.J, 
Bourne, to Miss H. Brean, both of Stock- 
bary.——-Mr. Bented, of Alcomb, to Miss E. 
Strong, of Ramsgate. 

Died.] At Canterbury, in Castle-street, 
43, Mr. W. H. Flood.—In St. George’s- 
street, 33, Lieut. J. Elwyn, of the 31st 
regt.—In St. Peter’s-street, 42, Mrs, 
Stickalls, 

At Ramsgate, Mr. E. Daniel, jun, 

At Margate, 73, William Woodman, esq. 

At Maidstone, 84, Mrs, Jeffery, much 
esteemed. 

At Faversham, 84, B. Baker, esq. 

At Gillingham, 83, the Rev. i Rad- 
clitfe, D.D. archdeacon of Canterbury, &c. 
—At Bearsted, 55, Mrs. S. Kidney.—At 
Branbridges, Mr. W. Walton.—At Ford- 
wich, 60, Mrs. Morgan.— At Biddendea, 
87, Mrs, S. Button. 

SUSSEX. 

Married.| Mr. Orton, of Chichester, to 
Miss. Crawford, of London.—Mr. S. J. 
Hankée, of Chichester, to Miss E. John- 
son, of Salisbury.x—Mr. R. Grover, to 
Miss S. Clements, of West-street.—Mr. 


“Haggett, to Miss Godwin, of Charles- 


street; all of Brighton.—-Mr, Moseley, to 
Mrs. Skeel, of Brighton, 

Died.] At Chichester, in North-street, 
24, Mrs, Eldridge.—102, Mr. William 
Brewer.—In the East Pallant, aged 84, Mr. 
Harry Smith, well known by the appella- 
tion of “ The Squire.” He was a come 
plete sportsman of the Old School—skilful 
in the use of the cross and long bows, and 
at all athletic exercises—an adept at the 
single-stick and quarter-staff, which last he 
would, ’till lately, turn with astonishing 
celerity. A well-known fact of his prowess 
in the last-named exercise we subjoin :— 
In 1779, a serjeant of Elliott’s Light-Horse 

being 


382 
being then at Chichester, and who was 
reputed one of the best swordsmen of the 
day, challenged his sword against “ the 
*Squire’s” staff, to draw the first blood : 
many are living who saw the encounter ; 
when, at the expiration of four minutes, 
“ the Squire” gave his adversary the end 
of his staff in the forehead, which Jaid him 
flat on his back, and gained the victory. 
The staff, which is seven feet ten inches in 
length, is now preserved, and has thirteen 
cuts of the sword in it. 

At Brighton, in St. James’s-street, Mr. 
Mower.—In Grenville-place, Mrs. Winton, 
greatly regretted.—On the Grand Parade, 
83, John Tombs, esq. Mrs. Corpe, 
greatly lamented.—In St. James’s-strect, 
Miss Hunt.—In Richmond-place, 77, Mrs. 
Phebe Randall, relict of Capt. R, ; she was 
universally respected. 

At Arundel, Mr. L. Hammond. 

At Shoreham, 84, Mrs. Foster.—Mrs. 
Paul. 

At Groves Farm, Merston, 23, Mr. W. 
Lawrence.—At Swanburgh, 48,Mr. J. V. 
Towle,—At Chinton-house, Mr. Brook. 


HAMPSHIRE. 

A telegraph communication between 
London and Portsmouth has lately been 
agreed upon. 

Married.) Mr, H, Adams, jun. to Miss 
Chandler, both of Southampton.—Mr. R, 
Young, of Southampton, to Mrs. H. Dow- 
biggen, of Hill.—Mr. G. Hetherington, of 
Southampton, to Miss E. Drew.—Mr. J 
Godsell, of Winchester, to Miss L. Wise, 
of Horndean.—Chas, C. Parks, esq. of the 
Bengal Civil Service, to Miss F.S. Archer, 
of Lymington.—George Mackrell, esq. of 
Romsey, to Miss M. Loader, of Staple- 
ford.—Mr, H. J. N. Parker, of Romsey, 
to Miss E. Stride, of Redbridge. 

Died.} At Southampton, 21, Frances, 
daughter of Admiral Montague.—Mr. J. 
Haulson.—Mrs, Sutton, regretted. 

At Winchester, the Rev. Carew Gaunt- 

lett.—In Cannon-street, 68, Mr. J. War- 
ren.—In the High-street, 68, Mr. Budd.— 
Mrs. Smith, suddenly. 
’ At Portsmouth, 43, Mr. J, E. Wil- 
liams, of the Victualling Department.— 
68, Mrs. Diddams, wife of N. D. esq. of the 
Dock Yard, 

At Portsea, in King-street, 35, Ann, 
wife of Capt. W. Baynes, R.N. 

At Gosport, 45, Mrs. J. Battershell.— 
58, Mr. J. White, one of the burgesses. 

The Rev. J. Burton Watkin, rector of 
Crux Easton.—At Milford, Capt. Edmund 
Heywood, r.N.—At Alresford, Mr. R. 
Waight.—At North Warnborough, 100, 
Mrs. Duggett. 


WILTSHIRE. 
_As one proof of the lamentable depres- 
sion general among the farmers, a late 
Rath herald states, that the stock of a 


Hampshire—Wiltshire—Somersctshire—Dorsetshire. [May 1, 


farmer in the neighbourhood of Malmes- 
bury, who entered upon his farm about 
four years since, with a property to the 
amount of 70001, was lately distrained for 
rent! 

Married.] Mr. Smith, to Miss N. Cun- 
dall.—Mr, G. Jilbett, to Miss Moor.—-Mr. 


‘J. Sweet, to Miss E, Cundall : all of Trow- 


bridge.—Mr. W. B. Baily, to Miss Mundy, 
both of Chippenham.—Mr. Phillips, to 
Miss Wychell, of Devizes. 

Died,| At Trowbridge, Mr. T. Large. 

At Marlborough, 84, Mrs. Harris, widow 
of Join H, esq. of the Priory.—Mr. J. 
Hooper.—Mrs. Forty. 

At Mere, 32, the Rev. R. W. Howell.— 
At West Yatton, 72, Mr. J. Bowsher, sud- 
denly,—At Stert, 87, Mr. J. Gidding. 

SOMERSETSHIRE, 

At the late Somerset assizes, thirty-three 
prisoners were sentenced to suffer death, 
two to be transported for fourteen years, 
and twenty-five for seven yeats. Five 
were left for execution, 

A Somersetshire Constitutional Club has 
recently been formed : its leading design is 
to effect a thorough reform in parliament ; 
to check the overwhelming and pernicious 
influence exercised by the ministers of the 
crown; to restore a full, free, and fair re- 
presentation of the people, by counteract- 
ing the unprineipled acts of a borough- 
mongering faction on the one hand, and of 
au aristocratic oligarchy on the other. 
The association held its first public 
meeting within the month, when a nu- 
merous and respectable assemblage of ma- 
gistrates, gentry, and yeomen, enrolled 
their names as members. 

Married.) Mr. W. Butcher, to Miss H. 
Cross, of Pulteney-street.—Edward Sand- 
ford, esq. to Miss M. A. Masters.—-Mr. J. 
Davis, to Miss C. Hulance ; all of Bath.— 
Mr. R. Marsh, of North Petherton, to 
Miss A. Rudge, of Bath—At Walcot- 
church} Andrew. Rutherfurd, esq. to Miss 
S. F. Stewart, of Fort Stewart, county of 
Donegali=The ‘Rev. F.'C. Jolinson, of 
Wells, to Miss E. F. Brooke, of Combe- 
grove.—Mr, Hamlyn, to Miss Solomon, 
both of Bridgwater.—Mr. H. Carpenter, 
of Beckington, to Mrs, S. Newbery, of 
Froxfield. 

Died.] At Bath, in Horse-street, Mrs. 
S. Byett, regretted,—In Abingdon-build- 
ings, Mr. Joiner, deservedly respected.— 
In .New Bond-street, Mr. J. Savage.— 
Jane, widow of Jolin Pinney, esq. of 
Somerton Eale.—In Prospect-place, 95, 
Mr. Wingrove.— —— Besant, esq. greatly 
lamented.—In Belvedere, Mrs, Catharine 
Robertson.—Miss Annette Loder. 

At Frome, Mrs, H. Gregory. 

At Weston, Miss M. Gibbs, —At Somer- 
ton, Mr. Shew, suddenly. 

DORSETSHIRE. 
Married.) Mr. J. V. Selwood, to Miss 
G, Carpenter, 


1822.] 
G, Carpenter, both of Bridport.—Mr. J. 
Sandford, of Bridport, to Miss A. J. 
Vavasour, of Exeter. one 

Died.| At Dorchester, 30, William 
Cholmondeley, esq. 

At Poole, Mrs, A. J, Shennan, re- 
gretted. 

At Shaftesbury, Mrs. Mullet. 

At Hilton, 24, Miss S. Fookes, much es- 
teemed and lamented.—At Redlynch, Mr. 
H. Browne, respected.—At Wimbourne, 
Mr. R. Druett, greatly regretted. 

DEVONSHIRE. 

Marricd.] The Rev. Edward Eastcott, 
of Exeter, to Miss Bayntun, of Bath.—Mr. 
W. Furneaux, to Miss Blatchford, both of 
Plymouth.—Mr. J. Good, to Miss E. Sin- 
clair, both of Stoke.—At Tavistock, Mr. 
Briant, to Miss S. Bennett, of Dartmouth. 
—Mr. T. Goodser, of Scarborough, to 
Mrs. T, Tilman, of Exmouth.—T. M. 
Charter, esq. to Miss E. Metford, of Flook- 
house, Topsham. 

Died.] At Exeter, Mr. J. Beazley.—At 
Haven Banks, 82, Mr. T. Gray, a respect- 
able artist and surveyor, justly regretted. 
On St, David’s-hill,55, Mrs. E, Tremblett. 
—Mr. Knapman. 

At Plymouth, in George-street, Mrs, 
M. Gledstanes.—In Morice-town, 53, Mrs, 
Duke. —At Dock-wall, 34, Mr. Vawish.— 
In George-street, 71, Mrs. Wrayford.—In 
Mill-street, Mrs. Stanbury. 

‘At Ferrum-hill, Tavistock, Mr. W. Gill, 
lamented.—At Chudleigh, Mrs, Garrett, 
generally lamented. 

CORNWALL, 

A county meeting lately took place at 
Bodmin ; David Howell, esq. high sheriff, in 
the chair. J. P. Peters, esq. moved a se- 
ries of resolutions declaratory of the suf- 
fering state of the agriculturists, as chiefly 
owing to “a lavish profusion in the expen- 
diture of government, in opposition to the 
recorded wishes and repeated petitions of 
a suffering people ;” and that the defective 
state of the representation in the House of 
Commons is the primary source of all the 
calamities and grievances under which the 
country generally, and the agricultural part 
of the population in particular, are now 
suffering. Mr. George Simmons, of St. 
Erme, seconded the resolutions ; and the 
Rey. Mr. Walker and Mr. J. C. Rashleigh 
ably supported them. A petition, founded 
thereon, was then adopted unanimously, 

Married.| J. H. Edwards, esq. of Red- 
ruth, to Mrs. Wilson, widow of Lieut. W. 
R.N.—Mr. Shephard, to Mrs. Stephens, 
both of Launceston.—Mr. W. Jegoe, of 
Trefreesa, in St. Minver, to Miss R, 
Cleave, of Trelill. 

Died.| At Penzance, 22, Mr. E. Morgan. 
—62, Mr. J. Dennis, sen. of the firm of 
J. Dennis and sons, 

At Penryn, 79, the Rev. J. B, Wid. 
bore, late of Falmouth, 


9 


Devonshire— Cornwall —Wales—Scotland. 


383 


At Launceston, Mrs, Penwarden, wife 
of Mr, Alderman P. deservedly regretted. 
—Mr. J. Blatchford. 

At Michaelstow, 74, Mr. J. Bastard.— 
At Davidstrow, 46, Mr. J, Chapman, 
regretted. 

WALES, 


Married.| Mr. J. Davies, to Miss M, 
Davies, both of Swansea.—Mr. D. Danicls, 
of Swansea, to Miss A. Mathews, of 
Foxhole.—Mr, E. Jones, of Neath, to Miss 
J, F. Williams, of Lantrithyd, Glamorgan- 
shire.—Mr, W. Bird, of Cardiff, to Miss 
Stonehewer, of Carmarthen.—J. Morice, 
esq. of Aberystwith, to Miss A, Watkins, 
of Moelcerney, Cardiganshire.—J. Jones, 
esq. Machynlleth, to Miss Jones, of Sutton. 
—Mr, T. Watkins, to Miss C. Bassett, 
both of Newbridge, Glamorganshire. 

Died.} At Swansea, 45, Mrs. Higgins, 
widow of William H. esq, R.N. 

At Pembroke, Mrs. Bowling, wife of 
Geo. B. esq, 

At Haverfordwest, Mrs, D. Thomas.— 
Mis. Morgan, wife of David M. esq. of 
Hook, Pembrokeshire. 

At Carmarthen, Mrs. Daniel, deservedly 
esteemed and lamented. 

At Mayzod, Mrs. Thomas, widow of 
Iltid T. esq. deservedly regretted, 


SCOTLAND. 


At Montrose, on the 28th ult. the 
“ Guild Incorporation” assembled and 
passed a vote of thanks to Joseph Hume, 
esq. their representative, (and a native of 
this place,) for his patriotic exertions in 
parliament. It was resolved, that there 
should be purchased by public subscription 
and presented to him, a piece of plate, 
with a suitable inscription, as a testimony 
of the corporation’s esteem for him, and of 
their high approbation of his public ser- 
vices, The subscriptions not to exceed 
five millions, nor be less than one shilling 
each person, 

On the 26th of March a duel, followed 
by fatal consequences, took place at 
Auchtertool, Wifeshire, between Sir Alex- 
ander Boswell, bart. of Auchinleck, and 
James Stuart, esq, of Duncarn, occasioned 
by the publication of several libels re- 
flecting on Mr. Stuart in a newspaper, 
called the “ Glasgow Sentinel,” which 
were attributed to the former. Sir Alex- 
ander was wounded in the right shoulder, 
and, being taken to Balmuto-house, expired 
on the following day. 

Married.) John Murray, esq. to Miss V. 
Tweedie,—William Beattie, esq. M.D. to 
Miss E, Limmer: all of Edinburgh.—Sir 
James Milles Riddell, bart. of Ardna- 
marcham and Sunart, to Miss M, Mary 
Brooke, of Norton Priory, Cheshire. 

Died.| At Dumfties, Mr, J. Broom. 
Miss Boyd, 

At Kirkcudbright, J, Thompson, esq. 

IRBLAND, 


384 


IRELAND. 

The south-west of this fine, but unhappy, 
country, has continued since our last the 
same unhappy theatre of massacres, de- 
vastation, and burnings. A late Beifast 
paper states something like the root from 
which has shot out the various branches of 
discontent. “What,” asks the editor, 
“is the present state of the peasantry 
the south of Ireland? His daily wages are 
5d.; his family average from three to five— 
and out of this 5d. a-day he is to support 
that family, pay his rent and his tithe!” 

The government of Ireland have been 
armed with extraordinary powers, but not 
asyllable has yet transpired of any attempt 
to quell the insurrection by redressing the 
grievances of the people. Thus far the 
administration of the Marquis Wellesley 
has disappointed the world. Mr. Goul- 
burn tells us, that the government are as 
yet only enquiring about the tything sys- 
tem, and that the troubles in the districts 
so interrupt the enquiries, as to render it 
uncertain whether, in that respect, any 
legislative measure can be adopted this ses- 
sion! Such facts would be incredible if 
they did not transpire in the parliamentary 
debates of the 24th, On that day, also, 
Sir John Newport moved for an address, 
urging conciliatory measures, in which he 
referred the grievances to absentee land- 
4Yords, because unable to pay the taxes; 
to tythes, and their oppressive collection ; 
and to the exclusion of Catholics from the 
Constitution. Mr. Goulburn moved the 
previous question, on the ground that the 
motion was a censure on the Marquis 
‘Wellesley, and that anxious attention is 
paid to the subject ; and, after some debate, 
Sir John’s motion was negatived without a 
division. 

The Albion, an American packet from 
New York to Liverpool, with 17 male and 
15 female passengers, was lately lost in 
Garrets-town Bay, when the whole were 
lost, except one passenger and a few of 
the crew. 

Mr. Crookshank, of Dublin, has lately 
made some valuable improyements in the 
bleaching of linen and yd¥n, by disenga- 


Treland— Deaths Abroad. 


ging the chlorine from the oxymuriate of 
lime. 

Tie following quantity of linen cloth, 
of all sorts, was imported into Great Bri- 
tain, in the year ending 5th January, 1822, 
from Ireland and the Isle of Man— 
45,537,172 yards, The quantity of fo- 
reign and Irish linens, of all sorts, retained 
for home consumption in Great Britain, in 
the year ending 5th January, 1822, is 
33,888,618 yards. 

Married.}| Robert Hume, esq. of the 
41st regt. of foot, to Miss M. E, Pentland; 
of Fitzwilliam-square, Dublin.—At Cloyne, 
the Rev. John Warburton, to Miss Henri- 
etta Anne Palmer. 

Dicd.] At Dublin, Miss Young, daugh- 
ter of the Bishop of Clonfert.—In Great 
George-street, Ruiland-square, Mary, wi- 
dow of Dr. William Gore, Bishop of 
Limerick.—Mrs. Burion, wife of Mr. 
Justice Burton. e 

At Kinsale, Mrs. Warren, widow of 
William W. esq. of Hollyhill, Cork. 

At Howth-castle, the Earl of Howth, 

ABROAD,’ 

Considerable and destructive eruptions 
of Vesuvius and Heckla have taken place 
this winter, of which the correct and sci- 
entific details have not yet reached Eng- 
land. They were accompanied by earth- 
quakes, one of which was felt at consider- 
able distances. 

It is reported ‘and believed that the 
Turks have defeated a Greek squadron, 
Ali Pacha has been beheaded, or has fled 
in disguise ; but the Turkish government, 
anxious to give credence to his death, have 
triumphantly exhibited a head, as his, on 
the gates of the Seraglio. His successor 
at Janina has been avenging the Turkish 
government on the people, and especially 
on the Grecks, by unparalleled barbatities. 
These wretched people, with the good 
wishes of all Europe, are, we fear, to be 
abandoned to their remorseless tyrants. 

Died,] At Shiraz, Persia, 35, C. J. Rich, 
esq. author of the Memoirs of Ancient 
Babylon, late resident of the E. I. Com- 
pany at Bagdad. Few men gave more sa- 
tisfaction in his public and private life : 
and he died generally regretted. "| 


TO CORRESPONDENTS. 


The Water-boring Experiment at Islington, to which we alluded two months 
since, not being finished, we defer the further particulars and the Engraving which 
we promised. We continue of the same opinion, that this cheap and certain means 
of procuring good water, in all situations, is fraught with benefits to mankind, 


We have Mr. O’Connor’s permission to insert tn our next an 


the Ancient Roll of the Laws of Eri. 


exact fac-simile of 


The proposal of Quereus is accepted.— Newton's House is not received. 
Strictures, and further observations of a practical character, will be play 


received, on the Poor Laws.—Information 13 coveted from Mexico, 


Peru, 


ih, 
Columbia, Portugal, Spain, and Greece, from residents, or their friends in Eagland. 


MONTHLY MAGAZINE. 


No. 368.] JUNE 1, 1822. [5 of Vol. 53. 


ae 


TATE 


: me 


GORHAMBURY, THE RESIDENCE OF LORD BACON. 


WHAT remains of the residence of the Founder of modern Philosophy is only a small 
part of a much larger edifice, but even this relict is embraced, nay, almost enshronded, 
by an ever-green wreath of affectionate ivy. The building, says Mr. Williams in his 
History of St. Albans, consists of two parts, discordant in their mamner, yet in various 
respects of a classical taste. On the outside of that part which forms the approach, is 
the piazza, the one being intended for enjoying the shade, and the other to eateh, during 
winter, the comfortable warmth of the sun. The walls of the piazza were painted, ul 
fresco, with the adventures of Ulysses, by Van Koepen. In one is the statue of Henr 
VIII ; in another, the bust of the barrister Sir Nicholas Bacon, and another of his lady. 
Over the entrance from the court into the hall are these lines :— 

HC CVM PERFECIT NICHOLAVS TECTA BACONYVS 

ELIZABETH REGNI LVSTRA FVERE DVO. 

FACTVS EQVES MAGNI CVSTOS FVIT IPSE SIGILLI. 

GLORIA SIT SOLI TOTA TRIBVTA DEO. 
MEDIOCRIA FIRMA. 

Some lines over the statue of Orpheus, that stood on the entranee into the orchard, 

shew what a waste the place was before possessed by this great man. 
Horrida nuper eram aspectu iatebreque ferarum 
Ruricolis tantum numivibusque locus. 
Edomitor fauste hic dum forte supervenit Orpheus 
Ulterius qui me non sinit esse rudem ; 
Convocat avulsis virgulta virentia truncis, 
Et sedem que vel diis placuisse potest. 
Sique mei cultor, sicut est mihi cultus et Orpheus. : 
Floreat o noster cultus amorque diu! 

Inan orchard was built an elegant summer-house, (no longey existing,) not dedicated 
to Bacchanalian festivity, but to refined converse on the liberal arts, which were decy- 
phered (depicted) on the walls, with the heads of Cicero, Aristotle, and other illustrious 
ancients and moderns who had excelled in each. This estate had been conveyed by 
Lord Chancellor Verulam to bis kinsman, Sir Thomas Meautys, then the secretary to the 
privy council, and who had been secretary to his lordship, previous to his conviction. 
Sir Harbottle Grimstone, the ancestor of the present noble possessor, Earl Verulam, 
oo the estate of Sir Thomas, sometime towards the latter end of the sixteenth, or 


inning of the seventeenth century, 
ONTHLY Mac. No. 368, 3 C To 


386 
Tothe Editor of the Monthly. Magazine. 
SIR, tha 
S I do not remember to have ever 
seen in print the mode adopted in 
regard to persons incarcerated in the 
famous Bastille of Paris, I remit you 
the enclosed; which, as an historical 
document, may not perhaps prove un- 
acceptable to the numerous readers of 
your valuable Miscellany. 

Many years have now transpired 
since Mr. Christopher, more com- 
monly known by the name of Ait 
Potter, then Member of Parliament, 
made a great noise in the world, parti- 
cularly in regard to a speculation, 
wherein he embarked, haying for its 
object the sale of bread at a reduced 
price; which proving unsuccessful, he 
became involved, and fled to France. 
At Paris the same speculative ideas 
occupying this gentleman’s mind, he 
became the proprietor of a most exten- 
sive porcelain manufactory, in which 
situation he was visited by the writer 
of the present article, just at the break- 
ing out of the French revolution. 

Upon the taking of the Bastille, 
which was of course ransacked by the 
enfuriated populace, the Convention, 
being apprehensive least the contents 
of the archives should be of a nature 
to exasperate still more the general 
feeling, adopted every possible means 
to collect these documents, by offering 
pecuniary rewards to all persons who 
should bring in such books and manu- 
scripts. as might have been obtained ; 
and so fortunate was the government, 
that it appears every vestige was pro- 
cured by this means, excepting the 
volume of which we are going to speak. 

Among the countless visitors who 
repaired to the fortress Mr. Potter 
was among the foremost; when, on 
examining the chamber which had 
contained the archives, he stiil found 
a book, behind some shattered wains- 
cotling, where it had fallen in the 
general scramble, and had remained 
unnoticed. This precious document 
he carefully secreted under his coat, 
unobserved ; and, after a lapse of time, 
remitted the same to his brother, Mr. 
Potter, of Charing Cross, by whom it 
was prized at five hundred pounds, as 
the only remaining vestige of the daily 
mode of issuing orders respecting per- 
sons incarcerated in that abominable 
edifice of tyranny. 

' The volume in. question, which was 
for some time in the hands of the 
writer; was in quarto, bound in green 


Letters found in the Bastille. 


{June 1, 


parchment, and lettered. in gold upon 
red leather as:follows :—., 
“< BASTILLE. 
Lettres de MM, les Magistrats, M. Le 
Noir. 1781.—Tom. LX.” 


The first letter was dated January 
the 2d, 1781, and the last the 31st 
of December, of the same year, making 
in the whole 232 letters ; from which it 
appeared that the number of prisoners 
confined in that fortress during those 
twelve months amounted to thirty-five, 

It is much to be regretted that. the 
volume in question did not. contain 
any documents relating to personages 
of particular notoriety: from its con- 
tents, however, the ensuing letters are 
extracted verbatim, being, in the 
writer’s. estimation, the most. curious 
specimens contained in the book; nor 
can he help figuring to his imagination, 
what would have been the value of such 
a volume had it chanced to have been 
at the period of the mysterious con- 
finement of the man with the iron 
mask, if indeed any notes were regu- 
larly recorded of that mysterious in- 
dividual. 

NO, 1, 

I beg, sir, that you will cause to be con-. 
fined, in one of the chambers of the Bastille, 
the Sieur Bellot, one of the turnkeys, until 
the regular order arrives; which I shall for- 
ward, with an elucidation of the cause 
that has led to this proceeding. 

This 6 February, 1781. Le Noir. 

NO. II. 
Paris, 28th February, 1781. 

From the representation, sir, which I 
have made to Mr. Amelot, respecting the 
affair of Sieur Capin, otherwise Bellot, a 
turnkey of the Bastille, the minister has 
authorized me to beg you will set him at 
liberty, after causing him to sign his sub- 
mission, at the bottom of the present let- 
ter, never to approach Paris within a dis- 
tance of twenty leagues, under pain of 
disobedience. I have the honour to re- 
main, &c. Le Noir. 

The undersigned ancient turnkey of the 
Bastille promises to obey conformably to 
the above order, in fifteen days, under 
pain of disobedience, having regained my 
liberty; in confirmation of which I have 
signed the present, as an attestation of the 
same. At the Royal Chateau of the Bas- 
tille, this Wednesday, the 28th of Fe- 
bruary, 1781. 

CAPpin, otherwise BELLOT. 
NO. Itt. 

I beg the Major of the Bastille- to 
transmit to the Sieur de Paradés the maps 
accompanying the present. 

This 8th Feb. 1781. Le Noir. 

I have receiyed the five geographical 
charts, DE PARADES, 

NO. 


1822.] 


NO. IV. 

The magistrate, my good friend, charges 
me toremit to you an order for the setting 
‘at liberty the Sieur le Tellier, by which 
he is'exiled to Caen. You will have the 
goodness to copy this last order, at the 
bottom of whichyhe is to subscribe his 
submission to obey; which copy, so rati- 
fied, you will send tous. I also request 
you to desire the prisoner to appear before 
the magistrate to-morrow morning, be- 
tween nine and ten o’clock. Good day, 
my dear sir, you know the friendly senti- 

ments with which [I am, &c. ; 
20th April, 1781. BoucuHer. 

Tsubmit to go to-morrow morning, be- 
tween nine and ten, to Monsieur le Noir, 
cenformably to his orders this 20th of 
April, 1781. Le TELLIER. 

NO. Vv. 

I beg the Major to remit the accompa- 
nying letters to the Sieur Guignard du 
Temple, and to acquaint him, that in those 
he may have to write he must abstain 
from speaking of his detention in the 
Bastille. Le Norr. 

21st July, 1781. 

NO. VI. 
Paris, 10th Sept. 1781. 

The Sieurs Juvet and Ruffey, sir, detain- 
ed in the Bastille, have asked for books, 
and to take the air. You may acquiesce 
with their wishes; adopting the accus- 
tomed precautions. 

I have the honour to be, &c. 
Le Noir. 
NO. VII. 

The Sieur Costard asks to be shaved 
twice a.week : I do not see any cause for 
refusal. 

_ I beg the Major to acquaint him, that 
nothing has been forwarded for him, ex- 
cepting what has been duly remitted. 

Ath Oct. 1781. Le Noir, 

NO. VIII. 

T request the Major of the Bastille to 
furnish the Count de Chavaignes with 
wood for firing, as well as paper and pens 
ready for use; observing to him, that it is 
against every regulation to furnish pen- 
knives and compasses. Le Nore. 

Paris, 11th Oct. 1781. 

NO. IX. 
Paris, 3d Dee. 1781, 

I request, sir, that you will give admis- 
sion, into the Chateau of the Bastille, to the 
Sieur Seydler, who will have the honour to 
transmit you my letter: he will see the 
pretended Countess de Garathy, who is 
detained, and will converse with her on 
different matters, committing to paper 
whatsoever answers he may obtain. 

Lhave the honour to be, &c. 
Le Noir. 
NO, Xe 
Paris, 23d Dec. 1781. 

The Sieur Longpré, Inspector of Police, 

is deputed, sir, to present you an order 


Letters found in the Bastille. 


387 


for the liberation of the pretended Count 
de Garathy and his wife, whom you are to 
transfer, viz. the husband to Bicetre, and 
his wife to Hopital. The Commissary 
Chenon, after proceeding to break the 
seals put upon the papers and effects of 
the prisoners, and ‘taking a summary in- 
ventory, will seize upon all the property 
and jewellery, in order to be restored to 
the various persons to whom they may be- 
long, or which may be disposed of for the 
benefit of the creditors of the said Gara- 
thy, whereof the Sieur Longpré will take 
charge; so that nothing may remain for 
the prisoners, except their linen, and the 
cloaths which they wear. 

With respect to the papers, I request 
that you will cause them to be placed in 
the depét of the Bastille. 

I have the honour, &c. 


Ye 


Having prefaced these documents 
by mentioning the late Mr. Kit Potter, 
I cannot refrain from subjoining ano- 
ther anecdote respecting that gentle- 
man, which, as referring to the same 
epoch in history, is worthy to be re- 
corded. : 

On the day when Louis the Six- 
teenth was decapitated, Mr. Potter, 
in the costume of a downright sans- 
culotte, was in attendance at the Place 
Louis Quinze, to witness the melan- 
choly spectacle; and, having observed 
that the valet of the executioner cut 
off the whole of the king’s hair, which 
was tied behind with a riband, he 
pushed his way to the scaffold, after 
the completion of the ceremony,— 
where, throwing up his handkerchief, 
he tendered money to the executioner, 
in order to have it soaked in the blood 
of the “tyrant,” as he termed the de- 
parted monarch, for the purpose of 
concealing his real sentiments; and, 
then addressing the man who was in 
possession of the hair, he offered him 
a louis d’or for the same, accompany- 
ing the request by the most vilifying 
terms in regard to royalty. The plan 
succeeded ; for the whole hair, toge- 
ther with the riband, was flung down, 
with which, and the ensanguined hand- 
kerchief, Mr. Potter effected his 
escape, as quick and with all the pri- 

vacy 


385 


requisite, as, upon, the, affair. being 
made public, persons connected, with 
the government, duly appreciating that 
the real. motives.of; the possessor were 
a love for the late king, pursued every 
means.to find him. out; but, so, effec- 
tually had Mr. Potter disguised. him- 
self as one of the cut-throats of that 
period, that he luckily escaped the 
vigilance of his pursuers; for, had he 
been identified, there is little doubt 
but that hishead would have been for- 
feited for his officious temerity. 

Some years afterwards, when con- 
cealment no longer became necessary, 
these facts were related to his late 
Majesty George the Third; who, 
upon ascertaining the veracity of these 
statements, expressed a wish to pos- 
sess a small portion of the hair, for 
the purpose of being set in a ring; 
application was accordingly made to 
Mr. Kit Potter, by his brother of Cha- 
ring Cross, when a lock was transmit- 
ted to England, fastened at the extre- 
mity, within a letter, with black 
sealing-wax, impressed by a coronet, 
and containing a verification of the 
authenticity of the hair, in the hand- 
writing of Mr. Potter, which letter, 
together with its contents, was shown 
to the writer of the present, prévious to 
its being conyeyed to the hands of 
royalty. VERITAS, 


a 
To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. 
SIR, 

AS I perceive in a late number of 
“the Modern Voyages and Tra- 
vels,” containing an interesting narra- 
tive of the wreck of the Sophia, and 
the subsequent sufferings of the crew, 
in the interior of Africa, that the editor 
has omitted (no doubt on account of 
its being a digression from the narra- 
tive,)_ a very curious account of the 
famous city of Timectou, I send it to 
your Magazine, persuaded. it will be 
very acceptable toits numerous readers. 
During my horrible confinement in 
the dungeon of Ouadnoun, (says the 
author,) I one day observed.a traveller 
arrive in the court or yard adjoining 
to our prison, which court was the. ge- 
neral rendezvous for all travellers who 
came to partake of the hospitality of 
Beirouc, one of the two sheiks. or chiefs 
of Ouadnoun. This traveller, accom- 
panied by his son, a youth. about 
eighteen years of age, bad just arrived 
from Timectou.. He had been: four 
months in crossing the desert, and had 


Original Account of ‘Timect ot. 
vacy possible,; , a, proceeding highly . 


{Jone tf, 
that) niorning .quittéds the | caravan!/of 
which he hadbformed acparty:: The de+» 
sire of obtaining:some /information re= 
specting this) ahysteriously:celebrated: 
city, induced me to address some ques-"' 
tions to him. Every day aftermyavrival 
at Ouadnoun, | was ins the habitof 
going, at the approach of night,-and 
seating myself by the side of Hamar, 
on a bench adjoining the door of our 
prison. Iwas sufficiently acquainted: 
with Arabic to be enabled to under 
stand him; and it was in this manner 
that I sometimes found a great relief 
to my sorrows. : 
Hamar, faithful to his promise, began 
his relation in the following terms :-— 
“A merchant of Rabat, whom I was 
acquainted with at: Tetuan, about 
seven years ago, took me into his ser- 
vice, and proposed that I should 
accompany him as far as Timectou. » E 
accepted his offer with pleasure ; and, 
two months afterwards, we set out 
with an akhabah or caravan, which 
left Fez in order to cross the desert. 
We soon arrived at Quadnoun, where 
we learnt that a caravam had beem re 
cently swallowed up in the midst ef 
sands, which had been heaved up by 
the winds. This intelligence, and the 
fear of exposing myself to a similar 
peril, changed my original determina~ 
tion; and, instead of continuing my 
journey with the merchant, who pur= 
sued his route, I accepted the proposi+ 
tion made me by the Sheik Beirouc, 
and entered into his service. | 
“The desire of enjoying that» per- 
sonal liberty, of which we are deprived 
in the empire of Soliman, had alone 
induced me to remove from Tetuan- 
At Ouadnoun I obtained the object of 
my wishes, and I can enjoy here the 
most perfect liberty; because, not- 
withstanding the authority which the 
Sheiks Ibrahim and Beiroue exercise, 
there is here no true king but God 
himself;— Allah Sultan Mouslemines, 
(God is the king of the Mussulmans),” 
said Hamar to me, smiling, and ex- 
tending his hands, towards heaven, 
He then continued: ‘‘ Beirouc, whom 
you have so much reason to: hate, -be- 
cause he treats. you with so much 
cruelty, and detests the very name of 
Christian, is not ill-disposed towards 
us; and you. may: think: yourselves: 
happy in being his slaves, rather’ than 
those of the Sheik Ibrahim, who would 
be ‘much. more»/unmerciful.: “These 
two brothers possess great influence at 
Ouadnoun, and they owe it as muck 
te 


1822:} 
tootheir great wealthias) to their distin- 
guished origin; for they:are descended 
from rfamilies)i which) ‘have: long been 
réspected:among the Moors. ‘But a 
much; more powerful chief than they, 
ohne: toswhom ‘they are allied by the 
female«side;' and whose power almost 
equals that:of Soliman himself, has: his 
residence within two days’ journey to 
thenorthofOuadnoun. He commands 
néarly all the Mussulmans of the desert, 
andis:called) Sidy Ischem. You will 
perhaps one day see him, and then you 
willbe able to judge of his power and 
riches. 

**Sidy Ischem sends a very consider- 
able «caravan every year to Timectou. 
From fifteen hundred to two thousand 
camels, all belonging to him, generally 
compose it. It is collected either here 
or inthe city of Tata ; and in these two 
placesithe last preparations are made 
to ‘enter into the desert. The two sheiks 
of Ouadnoun join also to the caravan 
the camels which belong to them; and 
it may be said that these three chiefs, 
but above all Sidy Ischem, carry on, 
by themselves alone, a great part of the 
commerce with Timectou. The Moors 
whe live in that city are charged with 
the ‘interests of Sidy Ischem: they re- 
ceive:the commodities which he sends 
them,:and which are principally com- 
posed of haiques, red worsted caps, 
and pieces of linen-cloth. ‘The tobacco 
which grows at Ouadnoun also forms 
part of these expeditions; and, when 
the caravans take the route nearest to 
the sea, the same by which you arrived, 
they also carry away a considerable 
quantity of salt. At their return they 
bring back, in exchange for their va- 
rious merchandize, a quantity of gold- 
dust, gold rings, elephant’s teeth, gum, 
and a great number of negroes. All 
those whom you see at the house of 
Beirouc, and who are remarkable for 
their beauty, have been purchased at 
Timectou: they cost him each about 
thirty: piastres. The negro-woman 
who brings your food is only recently 
arrived from it; she is now the fa- 
vourite of Beirouc, among the women 
of that colour, and it is because she is 
decked out with a number of silver 
necklaces and rings. 

** About a day’s journey to the north 
of, Ouadnoun, there is a vast site, 
where the yearly market is held, called 
Souvh-el Aam. This market, more con- 
siderable than others which are alike 
held in» the environs, at different 


Original: Account of ‘Timectou. 


389 
epochs, takes place once a-year, on the 
return of the great caravan. It is fre- 
quented’ by the merchants of Fez, 
Meyuinez, and other cities of the em- 
pire of Morocco. A great number of 
these merchants, who formerly went 
to Timectou, now confine themselves 
to make their exchanges with Sidy 
Ischem; and this chief, who appears in 
person every year, at the opening of 
the great market, presides over it du- 
ring the seven days that it lasts. In 
this market are sold, besides the pro- 
ductions of Timectou and Morocco, 
camels, horses, mules, and ostrich- 
feathers, which are procured in abund- 
ance in the environs of Quadnoun, and 
in all the country of the Mussulmans. 
Sidy Ischem and Beirouce collect toge- 
ther, in magazines, in the course of the 
year, the feathers which they purchase 
from the Arabs, or those which they ob- 
tain themselves from hunting ; and they 
sell them again at the epoch of the 
market. The beautiful horse on which 
the son of Beirouc rides is intended for 
hunting the ostriches. He is of a pro- 
digious swiftness af the chase, and 
perfectly trained. The horses which 
resemble him, and which are used for 
this purpose, are extremely dear; and 
I have seen twenty-two superb camels, 
which had each cost twenty-five pias- 
tres, given in exchange for one of those 
to which I allude.” 

Hamar told me that, after a year’s 
residence at Ouadnoun, he saw ar- 
rive there, on his return from Sou- 
dan, the merchant of Rabat with 
whom he had intended to go into that 
country. This merchant, having en- 
countered great dangers, congratu- 
lated him for the part which he had 
taken in not accompanying him : not- 
withstanding the considerable adyan- 
tages which he derived from his jour- 
ney, he often found himself in a situa- 
tion to regret having undertaken it. 
The following interesting particulars 
respecting Timectou were communi- 
cated to Hamar by this merchant :— 

“Timectou is the most considerable’ 
of all the cities of the empire of Mo- 
rocco. Sidy Mohammed (the name of 
the merchant of Rabat,) on returning 
from it to Ouadnoun, repeated several 
times to Hamar these words: Mequi- 
nez, which you very well know, and 
Tetuan, your native city, are of little 
importance in comparison to the city 
of Negroes. ‘Timectou is three times 
the extent of Fez, and contains three 
times 


“890 
times ifs population :* there are a 
great number of houses, multitudes of 
negroes, and much gold, (bezzeif dare, 
bezzeif negros, bezzeif oro.)t 

“Sidy Mohammed, after having ex- 
perienced the greatest fatigue in his 
journey through the desert, arrived on 
the fortieth day after his departure 
from Ouadnoun in the city of Taudeny, 
inhabited by a population consisting of 
Arabs and negroes. After remaining 
there some time with the carayan, he 
continued his route; and, in fifteen 
days, was within sight of Timectou. 
Only four days before arriving at the 
end of his journey, Sidy Mohammed 
quitted the desert, and entered into a 
cultivated country. Although he ex- 
pected to see a considerable city, the 
first appearance of Timectou caused 
him the greatest surprise, and much 
surpassed his expectations. The ex- 
tent of ground occupied by the city, 
which is situated in the middle of a vast 
plain, struck him with astonishment. 
The walls surrounding it recalled to 
his mind those of Tarodant, which they 
greatly resemble. 

“The gates of the cily were shut 
when the caravan arrived. As soonas 
it was perceived, a negro, who was 
stationed in a tower above the gate 
where the caravan stopped, fired off a 
musket, A few minutes afterwards 
this gate was opened, and a hundred 
negro soldiers, armed with bows and 
arrows, poniards and guns, advanced 
towards the caravan. The chief who 
commanded them ordered the camels 
to halt, and assigned to the travellers 
the site they were to occupy. 

“This site had been already indicated 
by agreat number of small shops built 
with clay, similar to those which are 
seen inthe market of Ouadnoun. Itis 
in this place, at a little distance from 
the walls, that the caravans destined 
for Timectou always stop. The Moors, 
who form part of them, have not per- 
mission to enter into the city until 
some days after their arrival. The 
first exchanges of merchandize must 
previously be made with the inha- 
bitants. 

“The day that Sidy Mohammed ar- 
Fez amounts to 90,000 inhabitants; but, on 
this point, it is difficult to obtain very ex- 
act data. 

+ Trelate the very words-used by Ha- 
mar to give me an idea of the great impor- 
tance of Timectou. 


Original Account of Timectou. 


{June 1, 


rived under the walls of Timectou, the 
gates of the city had been shut the 
whole day, because the inhabitants 
had been informed of the approach of 
the caravan, and a general féte had 
taken place the same day on account of 
the marriage of the king. From the 
place where Sidy Mohammed was en- 
camped, he perfectly heard the joyful 
shouts, the singing of the inhabitants, 
and the sounds of various musical in- 
struments. 

“The next day, at the moment of the 
opening of the gates, he saw a crowd 
of inhabitants sally forth. They 
brought merchandize to be exchanged 
for those of the caravan; and, in order 
to make these exchanges, the greater 
part entered into small shops destined 
for that purpose. 

“Tobacco was the article which the 
negroes at first sought for with the 
most avidity, and the eagerness which 
they displayed to procure it turned 
greatly to the profit of Sidy Moham- 
med, who had a yery considerable 
quantity. During the first day, he got 
rid of the greatest part of what he had 
brought, and he took in exchange 
nothing but gold-dust and jewels of the 
same metal, which served as orna- 
ments for the negro-women. The 
latter divested themselves of them 
with the utmost alacrity, and without 
appearing to attach any great value to 
them. However, the gold dust was 
measured out very exactly when the 
negroes delivered it. The vessel 
which served for this purpose was also 
in gold. 

““Itwas not until the seventh day after 
his arrival that Sidy Mohammed ob- 
tained permission to enter the city, 
and to establish himself in a quarter in- 
habited by the Moors. Those who 
were at that time in Timectou were not 
very numerous, but many of them had 
resided there for a long time; and, of 
these, a dozen were empowered to 
watch over the interests of Sidy 
Tschem. 

“* At the moment the merchant of 
Rabat passed the gate, he was dis- 
armed of his musket and poniard, 
which were promised to be restored 
to him on his departure. The autho- 
rities will not suffer the Moors to be 
armed in the interior of the city, but 
they may freely perambulate it until 
sun-set. Then they are obliged to re- 
turn to their quarters, which are sur- 
rounded by a wall, haying only one 

gate, 


1822.] 


gate, and guarded during the night by 
negroes. 

“The quarter inhabited by the Moors 
is in the neighbourhood of the king’s 
palace. ‘This palace, the interior of 
which Sidy Mohammed had an op- 
portunity of seeing, astonished him 
less by its extent than by the golden 
ornaments with which it is decorated. 
He remarked a number of towers in 
the middle of the enclosure, which he 
compared, although much more consi- 
derable, to that which forms part of 
the house of the Sheik Ibrahim at 
Ouadnoun. 

“The present king (Hamar styled 
him by the title of sultan) has only 
reigned since 1814, and succeeded his 
father, who was assassinated. Sidy 
Mohammed saw him several times. 
This merchant had only been about 
fifteen days in Timectou, when a vast 
number of prisoners, taken by the 
king’s army in a distant country, en- 
tered the city. The king repaired to 
the great square adjoining to his 
palace, and the only one in the city, in 
order to witness their arrival. Sidy 
Mohammed, who was also a spectator, 
saw the Sultan of Timectou, preceded 
by a number of soldiers, and sur- 
rounded by anumeroussuite. A num- 
ber of negroes stationed near his per- 
son were playing on various instru- 
ments ; others ranged in the same line, 
and their faces turned towards him, 
danced backwards, accompanying 
their dance by a very animated song, 
and beating time with their hands. 

““'The negro sultan, on this occasion, 
had his head adorned with a great 
quantity of ostrich feathers: he was 
attired ina number of haiques of Fez, 
which the women alone wear in the 
empire of Morocco; and bis feet, 
hands, and neck were loaded with an 
infinity of golden jewels. 

‘The prisoners, among whom were 
remarked nearly one-third of women 
and children, were negroes of Bam- 
bara; Sidy Mohammed estimated the 
number at more than three thousand. 
They filed off before the sultan, and 
were afterwards ordered to enter a 
large court adjoining one of the build- 
ings of the square. 

“The next day they were sold in this 
square, where a great market is daily 
held; in it the Moors have shops pe- 
euliarly appropriated, to themselves, 
and the bustle and liveliness which 
prevail present an _ extraordinary 
scene. Sidy Mohammed purchased 

2 


Original Account of Timectou. 


391 
twenty negroes, and five negro women, 
in payment of whom he only gave fifty 
haiques of the commonest kind, each 
of them not being worth more than ten 
shillings. But he could not complete 
his purchase without the consent of 
the king’s officers, who previously 
came and chose a certain number of 
negroes for the service of the king, 
Nearly all the prisoners were purchased 
by the Moors, who made every ar- 
rangement for their setting out for 
Morocco by the first caravan. These 
negroes, although they had all been 
sold, were not delivered to their pro- 
prietors until the moment of their de- 
parture, a custom which is constantly 
observed, as much for the security, of 
the purchasers, as to maintain order in 
the city. 

“‘ The interior of Timectou presented 
to Sidy Mohammed the appearance of 
an immense camp, or rather that of a 
multitude of douares, or Moorish 
camps, joined together. The houses 
are nearly all detached, and being 
erected without any order, resemble so 
many large tents. They have, not, 
however, the same form, butare square, 
and generally surmounted by a kind of 
terrace. The king’s palace is built of 
white stone. About fifty houses, be- 
longing to the first personages, and 
those which are destined for public 
establishments, are constructed in the 
same manner; but all the rest, with- 
out one exception, are built of a red- 
dish earth, similar to what is used at 
Ouadneun for that purpose. 

‘“A river flows at a distance of five 
miles to the south of Timectou, and is 
called Ouade Soudan. A continual 
traffic takes place from the city to this 
river: the road by which we arrive at 
it is constantly covered with loaded 
camels, and negroes carrying loads on 
their heads. ‘The river is very, large, 
and abundantly supplied with water, 
and there is always to be seen on it 
a variety of boats, some of which 
are of a very large size, Sefineh 
n’sara (Christian vessels, said Hamar, 
laughing.) Sidy Mohammed informed. 
him that the most considerable of 
these vessels came from Djinnie, and 
went very far to-the eastward. 

“After having crossed the river in 
the ordinary place fora passage, Sidy 
Mohammed followed the same road 
which is prolonged in a southerly di- 
rection, and leads to a small town 
named Oualadi, about halfa day’s jour- 
ney from the capital. The environs of 
Ouladi 


892 
Quladi are far more fertile than those 
of Tivnectou, and they furnish the 
greatest part of the provisions which 
are consumed in the latter place. 
The inhabitants chiefly cultivate mil- 
let and rice ; and abundant pasturage 
permits them to rear numerous herds 
of goats andcamels. During his resi- 
dence in Soudan, Sidy Mohammed 
remarked that the flesh of these ani- 
mals, and that of the ostriches, which 
the inhabitants hunt daily, are very 
nearly the only kinds of animal food 
consumed in the country. ‘These va- 
rious meats, when boiled, are served 
out in morsels with rice, which is a 
nourishment as habitual to the ne- 
groes as the couscoussou is to the Moors. 

“A contagion having broke out, 
and made great ravages at Timectou 
during the residence of the merchant 
of Rabat in that city, he determined 
to leave it as soon as possible. When 
he departed the inhabitants were daily 
interring a great number of dead: 
those who were attacked with the 
disease soon fell sacrifices to it, after 
experiencing the firstsymptoms. This 
contagion appeared to have been 
caused by a great drought, from which 
the inhabitants imagined they could 
protect themselves, by always carry- 
ing rods, besmeared with rosin at the 
end; these they held under their 
noses, according to the custom of the 
inhabitants of Morocco. 

-“The return of Sidy Mohammed to 
Quadnoun was equally accompanied 
with dangers. ‘The caravan of which 
he formed a part experienced great 
losses, and many of the negroes which 
he had purchased himself perished 
with fatigue in the middle of the de- 
sert. Nevertheless, (said Hamar to 
me, gaily, on terminating this relation, ) 
the result of his journey has been so 
advantageous to him, that, were you 
not a slave and a Christian, I should 
endeavour to prevail upon you to at- 
tempt it yourself, and to set out with 
Ali, a friend of mine, who intends in 
a few days to cross the desert, in order 
to seek for negroes in Soudan.” 

The preceding accountof Timectou 
would alone be interesting, from the 
sincerity with which it was delivered. 
The devotion which he then showed 
‘towards me, and the real desire which 
he evinced. of accompanying me to 
Europe, made me believe that he 
spoke with frankness. But, what me- 
rits here the attention of the reader is 


Original Account of Timectou. 


[June I, 
the improbability of the journey of the 
American sailor, Robert Adams, to 
Timectou. If not, how came it that 
Hamar, who, during the six years that 
he remained at Quadnoun, and who 
often spoke to us of the residence of 
Christian slayes in that city before 
and after his arrival; how came it,I 
say, that he never mentioned an eyent 
which might have been recalled to his 
mind merely by the pleasantry which 
he used in wishing me to undertake a 
journey which he judged impossible? 

Another observation of the same 
kind, and which will haye more weight 
because 1 can speak more. positively, 
relates to a pretended journey of Sicy 
Hamet to Timectou, mentioned in the 
relation of Capt. Riley. It is certain, 
and I believe I shall be able to proye 
it, that every thing which Sidy Hamet 
is made to relate respecting Timectou, 
in that work, is not the result of his 
own observations, but that he has only 
spoken of Soudan from hearsay, and 
without ever having been in. that 
country. I state this fact, because 
the identity of the narrator of Capt. 
Riley with Sidy Hamet, our former 
master, appears to aflord no doubt, 
notwithstanding the treatment which 
we experienced from that Arabian 
chief, whom Capt. Riley praises, 
whilst we had only to complain of 
him. Without seeking to find out the 
motives for this difference of conduct, 
I shall merely say that the Sidy Hamet 
on whom our fate depended had, as 
well as the one of Capt. Riley, a bro- 
ther called Seid. I shall add further, 
and Hamar daily repeated it to us, 
that within a certain number of years 
nearly all the Christians subjected to 
slavery in the desert, where Sidy Ha- 
met has so great a power, had been 
sold to him by the Arabs, and that he 
had even brought some himself several 
times to Mogadore. I also obtained 
the following fact from the mouth of 
Sidy Hamet, who declared it to me, 
without however his making known 
the cause which prevented him, that 
for some time he no longer dared, any 
more than Beirouc, to undertake a jour- 
ney into the empire of Morocco. Now 
this same Sidy Hamet, who conducted 
Capt. Riley and other slaves before 
him to Mogadore, told me, in answer 
to a question which I put to him on 
this subject, that he had never been to 
Timectou. 


Te 


1822.) é 
Yo the Elitor of the Monthly Magazine. 
ONS aTh, 44 
'F any thing more than another can 
‘@ demonstrate the melancholy conse- 
quences of teaching men (as, 1 am 
sorry te say, is but too much the case 
at present,) to substitute the observance 
ef certain external rites and ceremo- 
nies, the opus operatum, in the room of 
the rational devotion of the heart, it 
must be the following narrative. 
* The Christian Albanians, in the 
midst of the mountains of Northern 
Epirus, on the banks of the Voioussa, 
had borne with the tyranny and cruelty 
of ‘their Mahometan neighbours until 
their patience was exhausted, and their 
retaliation of injuries was of no avail. 
At last they came to the strange reso- 
tution that, by performing with the 
utmost rigour the several observances 
required of them by their clergy, they 
might perhaps, as they imagined, dis- 
arm the vengeance of heaven, and in- 
terest it in their cause against their 
enemies ; but that, if no change should 
take place, they would discard their 
Christian profession, and embrace Ma- 
hometism, under which their enemies 
seemed to prosper. The fasts, the 
mortifications, the other prescriptions 
of Lent, they kept with the most exem- 
plary punctuality and strictness; but, 
on the Easter Sunday bringing no 
amelioration to their situation, the ge- 
neral abjuraticn of their ancient faith 
was resolved on. The bishop who re- 
sided among them, and their papas or 
priests, were directed to leave the 
district ; and the people, after upbraid- 
ing the saints, whose images they had 
hitherto venerated, for their indiffer- 
ence to the fate of their votaries, 
declared openly that they would now 
embrace Islamism. ‘They called in 
the cadi or Turkish judge, and the 
Mahometan priests; they recited their 
ofession of faith, and submitted to 
eertain other ceremonies of that system. 
"Tf this event filled the Christians of 
the East with consternation, the Turks 
were quite unexpectedly exposed to 
gtievous calamity; for the new con- 
verts, being now placed in every re- 
spect on a level with their enemies, 
lost no time in inflicting on them, the 
most severe and cruel vengeance. 
They drew together all their warriors, 
and in one single expedition indemuni- 
fied’ themselves for the hardships, of 
half acentury. Mutual assassinations, 
burnings, plunder, were the universal 
actice for many years, between the 
MontTuLy Mac, No. 368. 


Greek Christians —L Ape Italiana. 


393 
old and the. new: Mussulmans. At 
last, the mighty hand of Ali Pasha of 
Janina, by crushing both the contend- 
ing parties, restored peace and tran- 
quillity to the whole district. P. Q. 
—=a— 
For the Monthly Magazine. 
L/APE ITALIANA. 


NO. XXIX. 
Dov’ ape susurrando 
Nei mattutini albori 
Vola suggendo i rugiadosi umori. 


Guarini. 
Where the bee, at early dawn, 
Murmuring sips the dews of morn. 


PIETRO NELLI, of SIENNA. 

E- no species of poetic excellence 

do the Italians seem to have sur- 
passed the writers of other nations so 
much as in the keenness and wit of 
their satiric and mock-heroic poetry. 
The nature of their genius, no less 
than the graceful ease and flexibility 
of their language, were peculiarly 
adapted to wield the sharp and cut- 
ting weapons of personal invective, in 
the quarrels of their authors, and in 
their general satire upon princes, and 
the vices and follies of mankind. The 
literary warfare, so often declared and 
so long maintained, between the most 
eminent wits of the age of the Me- 
dici, would in itself form a complete 
history of intellectual gladiatorship, 
and supply Mr. D’Israeli with more 
anecdotes than he could possibly con- 
tract into two or three more entertain- 
ing volumes. 

In fits of spleen and ill-humour, to 
which our climate renders us liable, 
we find it no slight relief to turn to the 
lives of Lorenzo, of Politian, and of 
Poggio, with those satirists ad interne- 
ctonem, the Aretini ; and, in witnessing 
‘the keen encounter of their wits,” to 
endeavour to rid ourselves, through a 
safe channel, of some portion of that 
bile and vexation which, we doubt 
not, all of us at times feel rising, either 
against individuals or the whole mass 
of our species. ris 

We are always’ sure’of meeting 
with something burlesque ‘and amu- 
sing amidst the strongest paroxysiis 
of their poetic anger; and their viru- 
lence was tempered with so ‘niuch 
ease and wit, that'we can scarcely 
avoid thinking they must have’ felt 
equal pleasure:in perusing their ’anta- 
gonist’s productions as ourselves. In- 
deed we are assured, that, like com- 
batants. oma larger scale, they fre- 
quently; met during *hostilities,—not 
merely to adjust their differences, but 
to exchange the courtesies of private 

3.D life; 


394 
life; returning again to their closets 
to finish some terribly, sarcastic 
stanzas, or capitoli, against those with 
whom they had. been. conversing, and 
feasting in the most friendly way. 

We shall. have little difficulty in 
comprehending this versatility of feel- 
ing, when we consider the polite but 
sarcastic terms on, which a modern 
controversy has been conducted, where 
nearly in the same page a champion 
of Pope is alternately vilified in the 
harshest style, and kindly invited to 
the critic’s residence to partake of 
his hospitality. But we think the sa- 
tirist must here have been indebted to 
his Italian predecessors, and scarcely 
entitled to more originality in the in- 
Vitation than other poets,—our Freres 
and our Byrons,—in catching the spirit, 
and imitating the style and versifica- 
tion, of their masters in burlesque— 
Ariosto, the Pulci, Bentivoglio, and 
Pietro Nelli, the subject of our paper. 
Without these to precede them in the 
career of humourous composition, and 
to whom they are so frequently in- 
debted, we fear our English wits 
would have appeared to much greater 
, disadvantage. We suspect that a 
noble author is nearly as well ac- 
quainted with the works of Pietro 
Nelli, as with those- of writers better 
known, though not of higher qualities 
or more distinguished in the age in 
which he wrote. Contemporary with 
some of the first poets and scholars of 
the sixteenth century, he surpassed 
many in the excellence of his satiri¢ 
genius, and a rare union of freedom 
and polished elegance in his style and 
versification. His satires, which are 
rarely to be met with, abound with 
the still rarer qualities of a playful 
imagination and original wit, which 
succeeded in extorting the praises of 
his friends no less than the fear of his 
adversaries; and have also been justly 
appreciated. by succeeding writers. 
He is ranked by Tiraboschi, in his 
“Literary History,’’ among some of 
the first comic and satiric geniuses 
who amused and abused the charac- 
ters and the age in which they lived. 
To these, he observes, we must not 
ferget to add,the. satires of Pietro 
Nelli, of Sienna, who gave them to the 
world under the name of Andrea da 
Bergamo, and entitled them, “‘ Satire 
alla Carlona,” or rough and clownish 
satires, which however may be consi- 
dered as an exquisite model for satiric 
composition. But they are deserving 


L’ Ape Italiana— Pietro Nelli, of Sienna. 


[June i, 


of severe. reprehension for their licen- 
fiousness and Jittle respect) for the 
Christian religion. 1 


To Tiraboschi we might also add 
the testimony of Hayn, who asserts 
that “these satires are extremely 
elegant, though of very rare occur 
rence.” They consist of two books'of 
satires, chiefly relating to, matters of 
public concern and notoriety; with 
severe animadyersion on some of the 
customs and manners, as wellas the 
private characters, of his countrymen, 
which sufficiently account for his 
adoption of a fictitious name. They 
were published in Venice by Paul 
Gherardo in 1548; and, as usual, 
attributed to a variety of distin- 
guished names. From these we have 
selected a portion of one of the satires, 
which we considered the least objec- 
tionable, on moral grounds, from the 
palpable absurdity it discovers. The 
reader must excuse us for so loose 
and hasty an imitation as the fol- 
lowing :— 


In Praise of the Noble Art of Thieving ; 
By Messer Pietro Nelli, of Sienna. 
To Ser Bernicco. 


Of all the fine arts, sciences, and learning, 
Our mother Nature in our need hath taught us, 
With pedagogues, who whip us to take warning 
How we are caught, the finest beyond thought is, 
That having and that heeping without earning, 
The world delights in so, °Tis worth our notice ; 
Despise not, then, my friend, the key t? unlock it, 
“You have most beautiful fingers for a pocket.” 


At least that dexterous fellow told you so, 

You sent the other day to try the galley; 
Which had I known, [ had not let you know 

The glorious way he made that-desperate sally 
Out of the wood, within a purse’s throw, 

Leaving me neither time nor power to rally. 
With pistol at ve head, and hand in pocket-book, 
Just when I would have fought and cock it, look— 


At his thief’s head, the coward ran away, 

And thus [ lost my bills, my watch, and ducats, 
And was so wroth to witness such fool’s play, 

I ne’er e’en cried, ‘‘Stop thief!” 1 could not 

brook its 

Absurdity, and laughed all the next day, 

And swore to have the fellow duck’d in buckets, 
Instead of strangling him,—he was so clever 
To stop a man, who would have stopp’d him rather. 


Well, for my loss, “man and the arms” Ill sing, 
The favourites of light-footed Mercury, 
And fingers light, that they can make and bring 
E’en something out of nothing, wonderous sly ! 
Are there who dare aspersions vile to fling 
On such a royal art? Antiquity, 
With modern times, bear witness to its worth, 
The most commanding, noble trade on earth. 


Tis generous too, and full of usefulness,— 
So useful, that if people -knew its value 
They’d make our Ten Commandments one the less, 
Strike out the eighth, and, for ‘shall not,” say 
shall you af 
On_ all occasions, stars conspire to bless, § 
Take what heaven sends you. Do not stand to 


ally. 
And tall of law, and miss the opportunity, 
Till the law comes with its d——d importunity. 


If nature made things natural to be lawful, 
Then thieving’s the most lawful thing alive; 
Self-preservation is the law most awful, + ti 
And binding on all parties, that emer a 
Man seeks his good, as beasts would have a mawful, 
And right or wrong, or both, some trade wikarive, 
nd 


1822.} 


And evil shuns, and longs for estimation 
In stealth, or wealth, or ruining a nation; 


It matters not, so he becomes notorious 
Or rich enough to be known by the finger 
nthe Rialto. But, as “time will hurry us,” 
And ‘art is long,” we must contrive to bring her 
Some shorter way about, nor worry us 7 
And our poor brains to fiddle-strings, by thinking 
How loug wed live without a meal or drinking. 


This thieving love in great men is ambition, 
The great and wisest only steal the surest, 
And,when they want more land, theysend a mission 
'Tovsay they'll take it; this way is the pwrest,— 
Instead of taking it before their wish on 

‘The subject’s known. Thus rich men to the poorest, 
‘Thus kings to.kings, and lords to commoners, 
Go on as far as mankind domineers. 


ae when our fathers wore their painted skins, 
stead of modern fashions, and ate dcorns, 
With Becchy mash for their sauce, they broke their 
shins, 

Each other’s shins, and fought like very dragons, 
To set the best red ochre to paint grins 

Ofidols and sea-monsters, and such Dagons; 
The finest berries and the richest mast 
They stole; and fought and died for, till the last. 


And tho? we had not dived for pearls and gold 
Ont of the earth and sea, to deck their hair 
And pockets, yet the ladies had what told 
In love as well, and served to make them fair,— 
They painted high, and then they dar’d not scold 
So much as now, in virtue rich and rare, 
And numbers true to the same spouse, and never 
Expected pin-money, but obey’d for ever. 


Nor did they give, nor were they given, in marriage, 
But took and taken by the law of power, 

That rules the sons of fortune; not to disparage 
Our modern rites,—a rent-roll and a dowe1 4 

Country estates,—a house in town,—a carriage,— 
And change of pire and fashions every hour, 

With feasting of the daintiest and most savoury, 

Known to all such who know the art of knavery. 


That king of all-wise robbers, Solomon, 
What says he on the subject we are treating ? 
Furtive dulciores et panis absconditus 
Suavior,—which means that living and that eating 
Of what others earn is always sure to come 
More cheap and sweet than that of his own 
ak 
And now I’lf haste to show yon, tho’ you kuow it, 
The thief’s more perfect than he loves to show it. 


‘That man’s most perfect when he does confess, 
Hepes ene of his sins before he dies, 

None will deny. He has no chance the less 
Of Beaphlng Heaven. Thieves pour repentant 

sighs, 

And own, with bitter tears, they did transgress, 
Before that fatal man the last knot ties; 

And blest are they, for “justice sake,” who suffer, 

A short end is the happiest, tho’ the rougher. 


I’ve often heard the art most. vilely slander’d, 
By those who have not soul to taste its beauties ; 

Were it so bad, ’twould ne’er be made the standard 
Of taste, for gallant men to pay their duties 

To ladies fair, who, if their hearts have wander’d, 
They say they’re sfolen, to prove how true their 

suit is; 
Nor do I know the lady thus call’d thief, 
Who took not much more pleasure in’t than 
(Cetera 


ief. 
esunt.) 
soe 


For the Monthly Magazine. 
SINGULAR CASE of @ CORNEOUS EXCRES- 
CENCE in the HUMAN SUBJECT. 


fb aloe Rodriguez, a packer or 
warehouseman, in the city of 
Mexico, was tall and stout, with an 
athletic constitution. He was _ ob- 
served to keep his head constantly 
wrapped up with a handkerchief, as 
if to conceal some large lupia or wen, 
or some other deformity. 

One day, when at his labour, near 


Singular Case of a Corneous Excrescence. 


395 
a heap of sugar hogsheads, a barrel 
rolled down from the top of the pile, 
and struck him on the head. He fell 
to the ground senseless, with a great 
effusion of blood, and was conveyed 
to the Hospital of St. Andrew, where 
a large and hard substance was dis- 
covered on the right side of his crown, 
or top of the head. In its circum- 
ference it was about fourteen inches, 
and divided into two branches, at a 
little distance from its base, forming 
twotarge crooked horns, whose extre- 
mities, some inches in length, bent 
back under the ear. One of them, the 
highest, was found to be broken off, 
about two-thirds, from its origin or 
root; the other, at the distance of 
three inches from its root, had a much 
smaller branch appended to it, which 
protruded sideways down to the mid- 
dle of the cheek. By means of a cir- 
cular interval the person could easily 
reach at his ear. The whole lump 
was of a horny nature, and the surface 
was like that of ram’s horns, striated 
and full of knots, as if formed of 
successive layers. A fragment that 
was burnt yielded a scen@like animal 
substances of the same kind; when 
submitted to the action of fire. 

’ The violence of the blow from the 
barrel had rent and detached one of 
the horns in several places, and this 
gave rise to the bleeding. Though 
near, this enormous excrescence had 
no adherence with the bones of the 
cranium, ‘The eye-lids and forehead 
had been sweiled and pufied up, so 
that the person could but half open his 
right eye. 

To the above may be added analo- 
gous instances, which seem no less 
remarkable, and are equally circum- 
stantial and satisfactory. 

In 1599, De Thou saw in the pro- 
vince of Le Maine, a peasant named 
Francois Trouillet, aged thirty-five, 
who had on the right side of his fore- 
head a horn, chamfered or fluted lon- 
gitudinally, spreading out and curving 
to the left, till the point came7in con- 
tact with the cranium. This protru- 
sion would have inflicted a wound, if 
he had not submitted, from time to 
time, to the operation of cutting it. 
But this was always attended with 
extreme pain; and even roughly hand- 
ling this excrescence’ excited un- 
easiness. 

This peasant had retired into the 
woods, to conceal this disagreeable 
deformity from the world ; but one pe 

e 


396 


he was pursued and oyertaken by the 
people belonging to the Marechal de 
Layardin, and, when the valets pulled 
off his bonnet, to salute their master, 
they were overwhelmed with asto- 
nishment at the sight of the horn. 
Trouillet was afterwards taken to 
court, and presented to Henry iV.; 
but, when made a common spectacle 
to the Parisians, as some singular 
wild beast, he took it te heart, and 
died of chagrin, 

_Aldobrandi reports the case of a 
young peasant, who earried on his 
head_ahorn about the size of the mid- 
dle finger. He was but a child, and 
was remoyed in 1689 to the hospital 
of Bologna, for the excision of this 
vegetative product. 

Mr.Scudder, proprietor of the New 
York Museum, reports that he has 
seen and handled a horn seven inches 
long, taken from the head of an 
elderly lady, after her death. It had 
grown onthe mastoid apophysis, along 
the ear, and.on the root of another 
horn, which had been previously am- 
putated. 

About. six years ago, a man was 
exhibited in the Philadelphia Mu- 
seum, who had on his sternum a horn 
four inches in length, and who felt no 
other inconyenience from it than what 
its size and weight excited. 

Dr. Chatard, of Baltimore, relates 
his haying seen at New York, some 
years ago, an old woman who had on 
her nose a horn about an inch ia 
length, and shaped like that of the 
rhinoceros. 

= 


For the Monthly Magazine. 


ORIGINAL LETTER of an OFFICER in 
the SQUADRON to which the EMPEROR 
NAPOLEON surrendered, to @ FRIEND.® 


Basque Roads, July 1815. 
“MY DEAR SIR, 

‘A FTER a fortnight’s extreme 

“anxiety in pursuit of “Napoleon 
lé Grand,” mn scouring backward and 
forward the whole of the French coast 
from’ Bourdeaux to the mouth of the 
Hoire,’and examining, from the truck 
to the keelson, every vessel in our way, 
lest the fugitive should escape, he has 


“*\This narrative is inserted from respect 
to-some\of its ‘facts; but we have necessa- 
rilysbeen<ebliged to retain some: of the 
writer’s subordinate feelings and preju- 
dices. .Heprobably never read Whitworth’s 
Correspondence, or enquired who were the 
criminal authoys of the late wars.—Ep. 


Survender of Napoleon described, 


[June fT, 


been at, length, to our great satisfac- 
tion, secured, ‘contrary to all. expecta 
tion, by a peaceable surrender, 

On the morning of the 1st,of July, 
while lying at anchor within Isle Dieu, 
a lieutenant.in a twelve-oared cutter, 
from his Majesty’s ship! Bellerophon, 
surprised us with dispatches that Bo- 
naparte had quitted Paris, supposed 
for Rochfort, preparatory to,an im+ 
tended escape from France, and) re- 
quiring our assistance forthwith, We 
were indeed much amazed; for the 
most sanguine among us had not, be- 
lieved the defeat at Waterloo ‘had 
been so complete. 

Not a moment was lost m proceed- 
ing with the intelligence to Admiral 
Hotham, in the Superb, lying in Qui- 
beron bay. On the 3d arrived there 
at three o’clock, communicated with 
him, and instantly set off again to join 
the Bellerophon, cruizing off the en- 
trance to Basque Roads. 

On the 5th, at four o’clock, came 
close to her; found the Endymion, 
Myrmidon, and Dwarf cutter, in-com- 
pany, all recently from Plymouth, 
With these Capt. Maitland remained 
to blockade the Antioche or Oleron 
passage, while this ship was ordered 
to seal up the Breton passage, allow- 
ing nothing to come out or go in with- 
out the minutest examination for the 
expected fugitive. It may be|meces- 
sary to say, if you have not a chart of 
this coast at hand, that Basque Roads 
is a great bay, defended from, the 
ocean, by two considerable islands, 
named Rhé and Oleron; affording, 
except in extremely bad weather, se- 
cure anchorage for the largest fleets. 
Near the main is Isle D’Aix,;,under 
the guns of which the French ships 
anchor, distant about three miles from 
where the English fleet, during war, 
lies. Four or five miles above. this 
isle is the mouth of the Charente, 
leading to Rochfort; and about seven 
miles to the northward stands the 
town of Rochelle. The passage be- 
tween isles Rhé and Oleron forms the 
middle and principal, entrance . to 
Basque .Roads; the Breton passage 
the northern entrance, not practicable 
however for ships.of the line or large 
frigates; and to the southward. isa 
third..avenue of nearly.the same de- 
scription. . This also was watched. 

At six in the, morning, of. the 6th of 
July, when.on our station, chased and 
boarded a large, ship under) Prussian 
colours, just come out of the Charente, 

though 


1822.] 


though the two nations could scarcely 
be called friendly. Thought this a 
fair ground for suspicion, and exa- 
niined her most strictly, lest the game 
should escape by concealment; but in 
vain The master said he was not yet 
arrived at | Rochfort, though daily 
expected) Three successive couriers 
hadarrived on the night of the 29th of 
June, with dispatches, ordering two 
frigates to be got ready for sea with- 
out a moment’s delay, and they were 
now, in the nautical phrase, all 
a-tanto. 

»sAt three o’clock same day, boarded 
the Daphne man-of-war, from Eng- 
land, with further injunctions to keep 
a sharp look-out for the run-away. 
In the evening communicated with his 
Majesty’s ship Slaney; and from the 
Bellerophon received orders to pro- 
ceed again to Isle Dieu, some fears 
being entertained that, from his non- 
arrival, another port had been chosen 
for embarking. 

On the evening of the 8th, at five 

o’clock, reached our destination, after 
capturing a boat with three soldiers 
onboard, from Isle Noirmoustier, 
They had stripped off their uniforms, 
and» endeavoured to pass for fisher- 
men; but nothing could escape our 
argus-eyes, eagerly looking into every 
rat-hole: for “ Napoleon le Grand.” 
--Sunday the 9th, at four o’clock in 
the! afternoon, the captain of his Ma- 
jesty’s ship Falmouth, proceeding off 
Cape Finisterre, came on-board with 
information from the Sheldrake brig- 
of-war, stationed off the mouth of the 
Loire, that the commander had re- 
ceived intelligence of Bonaparte being 
at Nantes, and that our force there 
was ‘insufficient to prevent his de- 
parture. Made sail immediately for 
the entrance of that river. 
* On‘the 11th, at twelve o’clock, com- 
municated with the Sheldrake, which 
had in the mean time been joined by 
the Dwarf cutter and Opossum brig; 
and, thinking this force fully enough, 
left them ‘in an hour, retracing our 
steps with all expedition to the Belle- 
roplion, off her old ground, the Oleron 
passage. ° 

At one o’clock, on the 12th, having 
had a fine breeze during the night, 
found her in company with the Slaney. 
The. commodore telegraphed to us, 
“ Keep close off Balaine light-house— 
Bowaparte is here endeavouring to 
escape.-Hxamine every description 
of vessel closely for him.—I have had 


Surrender of Napoleon described. 


397 
two of his generals on-board to ask 
for the frigates.” : 

In the afternoon, at three, observed 
a brig coming out of the Breton pas- 
sage, at this time rather to windward 
of us. Made all sail in chase; she 
would not heave-to, though firing re- 
peatedly at her, nor did we get near 
enough to board till three next morn- 
ing. Proved to be an American; sent 
men on-board, acquainted with the 
person of Napoleon, to examine the 
crew, in case of any disguise being 
attempted, but found nothing suspi- 
cious, after tumbling over nearly half 
his cargo. Master said he was from 
St. Martin’s, Isle Rhé, and had no 
doubt but that. Bonaparte was at 
Rochfort, though it was not suffered 
tobe talked of by the authorities on 
the island he had just left. 

At half past one, on the 18th, saw 
the Bellerophon and the Slaney a con- 
siderable distance off, with a flag of 
truce at the mast-heads, and a chasse 
marée near them with a similar flag. 
After lying-to a considerable time, 
they all made sail for Basque Roads. 
Concluded that Napoleon had either 
surrendered, or was negociating for 
that purpose. 

During the last fortnight have cap- 
tured a considerable number of the 
coasting vessels, called chasse mares, 
all with the tri-coloured flag, which the 
people themselves, as well as us, con- 
sider the emblem of hostility to the 
Bourbons. They, however, plead ne- 
cessity for hoisting it, not being allow- 
ed to clear out at the custom-houses 
except this flag be displayed; but we 
can easily discover their inclination 
fully seconds the orders of the local 
authorities. The vessels are sent to 
England to await the orders of govern- 
ment. 

On the 14th, the Superb, Admiral 
Hotham, communicated with us by 
signal, and passed into Basque Roads. 
In the night anchored in the mouth of 
the Breton passage; sent the boats in 
chase of several chasse marées, which 
however would not venture far from 
land, in dread of falling into our hands. 

Next morning (15th). the Slaney 
passed us about four miles distant, 
making the telegraph signal, ‘ For 
England, with important dispatches,” — 
of the nature of which we felt pretty 
well assured from preceding events. 

On the 16th, in the morning early, 
were recalled to the admiral in the 
Basque Roads, and to our infinite 
joy 


398 
joy found Napoleon, who had. so long 
kept us anxiously on the watch, safe 
on-board the Bellerophon; the admi- 
ral, though present in the Superb, 
having most handsomely resigned any 
credit arising from this event to Capt. 
Maitland, who had had the trouble of 
the previous blockade, as well as of 
the negociation. It appears he had 
surrendered on the preceding day, 
having come down from Isle D’Aix in 
L’Epervier_brig-of-war,—the lieute- 
pried of which, thinking his cargo of 
no common consequence, had asked 
and obtained from Capt. M. a receipt 
for his prisoner. 

At the moment we passed in, the 
Ex-Emperor was just returning from 
the Superb, where he had breakfasted 
with the admiral, who had visited him 
the preceding day ; as a mark of re- 
spect, the yards of the Bellerophon 
were manned. We hove-to as closely 
as possible to her: Capt. M. hailed us 
— “I have the Emperor on-board.” 
The latter stood exposed to us at full- 
length on the gang-way, about twenty 
yards distant, attentively watching 
our evolutions. In return, all our 
eyes were intensely fixed on him. 
Nothing in nature,—no, not even a 
thunderbolt falling by our side, could 
have weaned attention for an instant 
from a man whose public existence 
seemed to have been a constant poli- 
tical hurricane in the atmosphere of 
Kurope. 

He had on a dark-green uniform 
coat, as well as we could distinguish 
the colour, broad red sash over the 
shoulder, a large star on the left 
breast, white waistcoat, small-cloaths, 
boots, and a large cocked-hat, with 
the tri-coloured cockade. No. one 
who had ever paid the least attention 
to the lineaments could mistake the 
face. Most of the prints in the shops 
have considerable resemblance. One 
of the best, perhaps, is Ackerman’s, 
representing him chained to a rock, 
or another (a little caricatured) term- 
ed a hieroglyphic portrait, taken from 
the German, ‘‘ Napoleon the first and 
last. by the wrath of heayen.” Las 
Casas, Bertrand, Savary, L’Allemand, 
Leselles, Gourgaud, and several others 
of his officers, share his fortune,—per- 
haps because, by remaining in France, 
they might experience a worse. 

It appears that, so long ago as the 
8d instant he had arrived in Roch- 
fort. General Becker and the marine 
prefect continually urged him to go 

2 


Surrender of Napoleon described. 


fJune I, 
on-board. the frigates, in order to get 
‘rid of him; but he lingered, with the 
hope of something favourable turning 
up, till ten o’clock at night on the 
8th, when he embarked in La Saale 
frigate. On the 9th inspected the 
fortifications of Isle D’Aix. On the 
11th bas Casas and Savary proceeded 
to the Bellerophon to negociate. On 
the 12th heard of the dissolution of 
the Chambers, and the entry _of the 
King into Paris. Disembarked same 
day on Isle D’Aix with his baggage, 
and in the night two half-decked. boats 
arrived from Rochelle, in which he 
was to try his fortune ; but this resolu- 
tion, like many others thought of at 
the same moment, failed. In the 
night of the 13th went on-board 
L’Epervier. Next day, Gen. Becker, 
having been on-board the Bellero- 
phon, ‘making arrangements, the suite 
and baggage were sent on-board the 
brig; and on the morning of the, 15th 
she stood towards our fleet as a flag of 
truce. The wind being light the boats 
of the Bellerophon were sent to assist, 
and afterwards carried the whole 
party on-board that ship. 

It appears he first sent out to the 
English senior officer for permission 
to proceed with the two frigates to 
America, which was of course refused, 
but an offer made of referring him to 
the admiral. He then asked for the 
brig, and afterwards for a schooner ; 
to which the same answer was return- 
ed. A threat followed of forcing his 
way ; but this had no better effect than 
the requests. 

At this time, when every other mode 
of escape was hopeless, the scheme of 
getting away in the two chasse marées, 
with a suite of only four persons beside 
himself, from Point D’Eguillon on the 
main, situated nearly “opposite St. 
Martin’s, on Isle Rhé, was projected. 
The Breton passage was to be the 
route, and six or eight midshipmen to 
form the crew. On being assured that 
this ship would intercept them, he re- 
marked that it was unlikely we should 
discover them in the night; or, if s SO, 
that such small vessels would not be 
examined, The objection, however, 
upset the whole plan. Had he yen- 
tured, we should certainly have en- 
joyed the undivided honour of cap- 
turing this extraordinary, but trouble- 
some, man. Neither is there any 
merit in his surrender. He had no- 
thing else left for it; for both civil and 
military authorities at Rochfort had 
polifely 


1822, } 
politely hunted him from that place, in 


compliance, it is hinted here; with 


secret orders from’ the provisional 
government. Friends, ‘at least who 
could be useful, he had none, Rez 
sistance was absurd, as he had no 
army in. this neighbourhood. If any 
idea of this kind ever entered his 
mind, which is extremely doubtful, it 
vanished at the moment when the re- 
solution was taken of setting out for 
this place. After all it may be 
doubted whether the reflecting part 
of the French nation are not tired of 
him. Ido not speak at random. I 
was in this identical place four months 
ago, when he landed; and visited the 
Rochelle theatre in uniform, after the 
news arrived of his entry into Paris. 
The military and the mob, who were 
overjoyed at that event, seemed in- 
clined to view us with jealousy and 
aversion. The respectable private 
classes, on the contrary, were asto- 
nished and dismayed at his return, 
assuring us they saw no peace for 
their country, but most likely many 
calamities, in the renewal of Napo- 
leon’s government. How well they 
> judged, is now obvious. So far, in- 
deed, did it prepossess them at the 
time, that several families wished to 
send their sons with us to England, in 
order to avoid the expected conscrip- 
tion, and we then actually carried 
over one. 

Since being subjected to our power, 
his behaviour has been perfectly cha- 
racteristic. On first proceeding on- 
board the Bellerophon, he instantly 
affected to play the emperor, as if still 
in the Tuilleries, by proceeding im- 
mediately to Capt. Maitland’s cabin, 
and seon afterwards sending to re- 
quest tliat officer’s company to dinner. 
This is like entering your street-door, 
taking possession of your parlour, and 
then honouring you with an invitation 
to your own house. The design, how- 
ever, was obvious, and displayed no 
small share of art. It was at once to 
consitler himself, and to make us con- 
sider ‘him, only as emperor, and not 
to wait to see in what character he 
should really be received. The ho- 
mage thus exacted, and given at first 
to majesty, he might expect could not 
well be afterwards withdrawn. 

Acting still this part, when he went 
on-board the Superb this morning 
Bertrand ascended the side first, and 
was introduced to Admiral Hotham. 


Surrender of Napoleon described. 


399 
Napoleon followed: ‘‘the Emperor,” 
said Capt. Maitland; he bowed to the 
admiral, who received him on the 
gangway, and, without farther delay 
or ceremony, proceeded to the latter’s 
cabin, sending out, in the same style, 
his compliments, and would be glad to 
speak to him. 

He has stamped the usual impres- 
sion on every one here, as elsewhere, 
of his being an extraordinary man. 
Nothing escapes his notice; his eyes 
are in every place, and on every ob- 
ject, from the greatest to the most 
minute. All the general regulations 
of the service, from the lord high ad- 
miral to the seamen—their duties, 
views, expectations, pay, rank, and 
comforts, have been scanned with cha- 
racteristic keenness and rapidity. The 
machinery of the ship, blocks, masts, 
yards, ropes, rigging, and every thing 
else, underwent similar serutiny,— 
sending for the boatswain, who in the 
French service usually fits out the 
ship, though not in our’s, to learn the 
minutest particulars. By his desire 
the marines passed in review on the 
quarter-deck. He examined their 
arms, dress, and evolutions, with at- 
tention, and expressed himself highly 
satisfied. The grog, tobacco, cloaths, 
food, pay, prize-money, and routine 
of duty of the seamen, were equally 
enquired into. When informed that 
the necessaries were supplied by a 
purser or commissary, he jocularly 
remarked they were sometimes sad 
rogues. 

He has written a letter to the Prince 
Regent, the contents of which, it is 
said, merely express that he has 
thrown himself upon the GENEROSITY 
of his most determined enemy, but 
the greatest and most honourable na- 
tion in the world. In conversation 
with Admiral H. he remarked, “T 
have given myself up to the English, 
but I would not have done so to any 
other of the allied powers, for this 
reason,—in surrendering to either of 
them, I should have placed myself at 
the will of an individual: in submit- 
ting to the English, I give myself up 
to the generous feelings of a nation.” 

He says he lost the battle of the 
18th ult. solely by the misconduct of 
Grouchy, who kept his ground, in- 
stead of following the Prussians. The 
banks and shoals of this anchorage seem 
quite familiar to him, often remarking 
there is such a depth of water on re 
such 


400 


such on that; and, in speaking of Isle 
D’Aix, said (a remarkable corrobora- 
tion of the opinions of Lord Cochrane 
and Capt. Broughton, in opposition to 
that of the other captains of the fleet, 
on the much disputed point, whether 
this was practicable during the ope- 
rations in Basque Roads in 1809,) that, 


in the attack of the English six years - 


ago, it might have been easily boarded, 
as he expressed it, or carried by 
assault; but, finding the danger then, 
he had since rendered it extremely 
strong. 

Of his determination to see and be 
acquainted with every thing and every 
person, I may mention another in- 
stance. Capt. visited the Belle- 
rophon for a few minutes, partly on 
duty, partly to have an opportunity 
of seeing him more closely, without 
appearing to be actuated by mere 
curiosity. Buthe had scarcely gained 
a footing on the quarter-deck, when 
Napoleon came up, and nearly over- 
powered him by a volley of questions, 
which it was difficult to answer, from 
the rapidity with which they were 
asked. “ Do you command that ship?” 
—‘‘ How long ?’—‘* When did you en- 
ter the service?”—“ Have you been often 
in action ?”—‘‘ Where ?”—‘“‘ Were you 
ever wounded?”—“‘ What are your pros- 
pects?”’—“ Are you English, Trish, or 
Scotch?”’—“ Were you ever taken 
prisoner?”’—and a variety of others ; 
turning off immediately afterwards, as 
if to prevent the risk of being ques- 
tioned in return. 

On his arrival at Rochfort, he pro- 
ceeded to the marine prefecture, to 
which the officers were immediately 
summoned. They did not wait long. 
He entered with his mind obviously 
in confusion, his eyes sunk, his beard 
three or four days old, his apparel 
neglected and in disorder,—his whole 
appearance, in fact, indicating fatigue 
and want of sleep. He did not, how- 
ever, lose a moment in proceeding to 
business. 

Bonaparte. You command the fri- 
gates Saale and Meduse?—Officers. 
Yes. (The terms of usual respect need 
not be added here.) 

Bon. What is your foree?—The 
number of guns and men were men- 
tioned. i 

Bon. Are you ready for sea’—Ans. 
Perfectly. 

Bon. 'To-night?—Ans. Instantly. 

Bon. Does the wind suit?—Ans. 


Surrender of Napoleon described. 


[June 1, 
Not exactly; but we are ready to 
make the attempt. 

Bon. Are your sailors good?—Ans. 
Expert, for any part of the world. 

Bon. Can you get out unobserved 
by the enemy ?— Ans. Thatis not likely, 
except a gale of wind drives him off. 

Bon. Must you engage him?—Anzs. 
It is inevitable ; but we beg leave to 
observe, that, though one vessel may 
be taken, the other is almost certain 
of escaping. 4 

Bon. Can you depend upon your 
men?—Ans. To the end of the world. 

Bon. Which is the best vessel to 
embark in?—Ans. The best sailer— 
La Saale. 

Bon. When should the attempt be 
made?—Aus. In the night. 

Bon. 1 shall proceed with you: re- 
turn here in two hours. 

Every thing was expedited for this 
bold attempt; the. officers and erews 
being not merely warm, but enthu- 
siastic, in the certainty of its success. 
When they returned, an extraordinary 
change was obvious in his appear- 
ance. He had been in the warm- 
bath, and had coffee,—his usual re- 
medies for fatigue, want of sleep, and 
almost every other want; he had been 
shaved, and now seemed dressed 
with more than usual care. But 
(said the relator, with the constita- 
tional enthusiasm of a Frenchman in 
a favourite pursuit,) the glorious pur- 
pose of two hours before was given 
up. He had been among the women, 
instead of trusting to men; and, (re- 
peating an oath,) as women have ere 
now lost the greatest men the empire 
of the world, so they lost it again to 
Napoleon.” 


——— 

To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. 
SIR, 
CORRESPONDENT enquires 

on what authority a writer in the 
Monthly Review has assumed that the 
Persian dynasty of ‘sovereigns, from 
Cyrus to Darius IIL. inclusive, was of 
Jewish extraction, and of Jewish reli- 
gion. Be it answered: on the uniform 
evidence of the sacred books, and on 
the corroborative testimony of Hero- 
dotus, which are the only original 
sources of information. — : 

Is it denied with respect to Cyrus? 
Let the enquirer turn to the proclama- 
tion recorded in the first chapter of 
Ezra. He will there find, that €yras 
holds himself indebted forall the king- 

“© ** @doms 


1822.] 


doms of the earth to the God for whom 
he is about to rebuild the temple at 
Jerusalem,—that is, to Jehovah... 
“Ts it denied with respect to Darius 
the First? Let the enquirer turn to 
the ninth chapter of the book of Esther. 
He will there find that, by order of the 
King of Persia, the Jews gathered to- 
gether in the cities throughout all the 
provinces of the empire, to lay hands 
on such as sought their hurt; that no 
man could withstand them, as‘all the 
rulers of the provinces, the lieutenants, 
deputies, and officers of the king, 
helped the Jews; that the Jews smote 
all their enemies with the stroke of the 
sword, and slaughter, and destruction ; 
and that, in Shushan alone, the Jews 
slew and destroyed five hundred men, 
On the 14th day of the month Adar 
(continues the chronicler,) they rested, 
and made it a day of feasting and 
gladness; and Mordecai sent letters 
unto all the Jews, that were in all the 
provinces of the king, to establish this 
among them, that they should keep the 
fourteenth of Adar, and the following 
day, yearly, asa festival. Accordingly, 
under the name of the Feast of Purim, 
an anviversary commemoration of this 
sanguinary establishment of Judaism 
Was instituted in the temple at Jeru- 
salem, and is retained throughout 
Jewry. to this day. 

Now Darius, the son of Hystaspes, 
was the King of Persia, who thus esta- 
blished Judaism ; for, from the beok of 
Daniel it appears that the same king, 
called in the boek of Esther Ahasuerus, 
was also named Darius ; that he placed 
great confidence in the Jew Daniel, 
and in the Jew Arioch of Elam, who 
was captain of the king’s guard, and 
was entrusted (Daniel ii. 24) with the 
management of the massacre, and that 
Daniel was allowed to concert with 
Arioch yarious exemptions from the 
proscription. This extirpation of ido- 
Jatry is by Herodotus termed the 

agophonia; and is referred to the 
influence of Artistona or Esther, the 
king’s second wife. Herodotus says, 
howeyer, that both Cyrus and Darius 
were Axaimenidus, (for which ought to 
be read A paengechynevs dott, ) that is, Abra- 
hamites, which is stated to have been 
the domineering clan in Persia. 

If Cyrus and Darius the First were 
indubitably Jews; if the latter, by an 
extensivemassacre, established Judaism 
on the ruins of the Babylonish idolatry ; 
and, if no change in the public religion 

MontHiy Mac. No. 368. 


Persian Monarchy. — Law Case? 


401 


is recorded of the succeeding sove- 
reigns, it will follow that they all con- 
tinued to profess Judaism. Concern- 
ing Xerxes, moreover, Josephus (Ant. 
xi, 5.) specifically records, that he con- 
firmed the privileges granted by his 
father to the Jews. And concerning 
Artaxerxes Longimanus, the protec- 
tion shown by him to the recoloniza- 
tion of Jerusalem under Nehemiah 
renders his Judaism, his recognition of 
Palestine, as a holy and privileged 
land, sufficiently obvious. 

The canon of Scripture having been 
closed by Nehemiah, can contain no 
later notices of the religion of the court 
of Persia: but be it observed, that this 
canon probably included the book of 
Enoch, which was said to be written 
by Ezra or Zoroaster, and which had 
diffused a fanciful system of angelic 
mythology, Jost to the modern world, 
and only recoverable through the 
Abyssinian canon. Dr. Lawrence, 
however, in his recent and learned 
translation, has on feeble grounds en- 
deavoured to assign a later origin to 
this book, of which much is said in 
your 11th vol. p. 18 and p. 300. 


— a 
To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. 


SIR, 
N a pamphlet lately published, enti- 
tled, ‘“‘ Curia Oxoniensis, or Obser- 
vations on the Statutes which relate to 
the Vice-Chancellor’s Court, and the 
Power of Searching Houses: with 
some cursory remarks on the Procura- 
torial Office in the University of 
Oxford,” and which, from its subject, 
and some extraordinary facts it con- 
tains, has excited considerable atten- 
tion in this place, reference is made to 
the case of Williams versus Brickenden, 
in our Vice-Chancellor’s Court, for 
false imprisonment. This case was 
decided in the year 1811, and the pro- 
ceedings were printed by a late head 
of a house in our University, though 
not for sale. The pamphlet is now, 
and always was, extremely scarce; as 
the very few copies that were printed 
were presented to bis intimate friends. 
Some years ago one was: lent to me, 
and, unfortunately, I have lost the 
notes I took relating to it; but 1 recol- 
lect that it commenced with the case 
of the plaintiff, and the opinions of Mr. 
Serjeant Williams and Mr. Holroyd. 
Perhaps some gentleman who has 
the pamphlet will favour me and the 
public, through the medium of your 
3E _ Magazine, 


402 
Magazine, if not with an analysis, at 
least with some account of it, and par- 
ticularly with the names of the wit- 
nesses, and the opinions of the counsel. 
Oxford; April 8. C.S. 
—_—— 

For the Monthly Magazine. 
HE GERMAN STUDENT. 
NO. XXIV. 

SCHILLER concluded. 

HE “Maid of Orleans” was pro- 

bably the next theatrical work 
of Schiller ; at least it is printed imme- 
diately after “ Don Carlos,” in the 
collective edition of his plays. The 
catastrophe of this tragedy departs too 
widely from the historical one; for, 
although the heroine is at first the 
liberatress of her king and country, 
and then accused of witchcraft, and 
abandoned to the English by her coun- 
trymen, yet she is made to incur a 
wound in battle, and is brought home 
to the royal camp, to be buried with 
furicral honours. Here is her dying 
speech :— 
See you the rainbow glittering in the air? 
Of heaven the golden portals now unfold. 
Amid the choir of angels there she stands, 
And to her bosom clasps th’ eternal Son, 
While with one hand she beckons me, and 
smiles. 
I feel as if light clouds uplifted me— 
The heavy armour seems a coat of wings— 
Thither, on high—earth drops beneath my 
feet. 

Transient is woe, but everlasting, bliss. 


Wallenstein, an historical tragedy 
in three parts, is well known to Eng- 
lish readers, by the excellent transla- 
tion of Mr. Coleridge. “ Mary Stuart” 
has been rendered with no less felicity 
by Mr. Mellish. These were his next 
productions; and to them succeeded 
the “Bride of Messina,” a sort of 
opera or chorus-drama, in which a 
symmetry of plot and dialogue has 
been adopted nearly as improbable as 
in Dryden’s Tempest. The versifica- 
tion, however, is strikingly noble ; and 
the number of fine moral passages and 
maxims which are interspersed recall 
the best choruses of the Greek trage- 
dians; indeed Schiller had recently 
translated Aischylus, when he com- 
posed this dramatic poem, and has 
studiously copied the manner of the 
ancients: his allusions to classical my- 
thology are too numerous eyen for 
probability of costume. 

The fable of the piece is this. A 
Duke of Messina is recently dead, who 


The German Student, No. XXIV, 


[Junet, 


leaves.two sons, both of age, but sepa- 
rated from each other by  factious 
rivalry. Isabella, their. widowed ,mo- 
ther, endeavours to produce a xreconci- 
liation, and succeeds in brmging them 
together. They have both: fallen: in 
love with Beatrice, a beautiful woman, 
of unknown parentage, resident im a 
convent near Mount Etna.’ In’ her 
presence they unexpectedly meet, and 
Don Ceasar, the younger brother, ina 
fit of jealousy kills Don Manuel, the 
elder brother, who was preferred by 
Beatrice. Meanwhile it appears ‘that 
Isabella had once a younger daughter, 
of whom it was prophesied that she 
should occasion the extinction of the 
whole house, and whom the father had 
therefore ordered to be drowned ; but 
the mother had secretly preserved the 
girl, and caused her to be reared ina 
convent of nuns on Mount Etna: This 
is the Beatrice for whom both the bro- 
thers have formed an incestuous pas- 
sion. The successive discoveries of 
the relationships between the parties 
give occasion to terrible situations ; ‘at 
length Don Cesar, to atone’ for the 
murder of his brother, and to terminate 
a remediless disappointment of love, 
closes the play with a deliberate ‘sui- 
cide. ‘Two chorusses of armed: parti- 
zans, belonging to the respective bro- 
thers, contribute to the pageantry and 
to the morality of the drama, 

The following is perhaps the most 
sublime of the choral odes :— 


Athwart the city’s streets, 
With wailing in her train, 
Misfortune strides; 
Watchful she marks 
The homes of men: 
To-day at this, 
To-morrow at yon other door, she knocks, 
But misses none. 
Sooner or later comes 
Some messenger of woe 
To every threshold, where the living dwell. 


When at the seasons fall 
The leaves decay, 
When to the grave is borne 
The hoary head, 
Calm nature but obeys 
Her ancient law, 
And man respects her everlasting march. 
But man must also learn, 
To expect in earthly life 
Unusual strokes of fate. 
Murder, with violent hand, 
May tear the holiest bond, 
And in his Stygian boat 
Death may bear off the blooming form of 
youth. ; 
When 


1822.] 


When towering clouds o’erswarth the sky, 
When loudly bellowing thunders roll, 
Each heart in secret owns 

The fearful might of fate. 

But e’en from cloudless heights 

Can kindling lightnings plunge ; 

E’en in the sunny day 

Bale-breathing plagues may lurk. 

Fix not on transient good 

Thy trusty heart : 

Let him who has, prepare to learn to lose ; 
Him who is happy learn to bend to grief. 


Beside composing these tragedies, 
Scbiller altered the Nathan of Lessing, 
and the Phaedra of Racine, and trans- 
lated the Macbeth of Shakspeare, and 
the Turandot. of Gozzi, for the theatre 
of Weimar... His reputation gave suc- 
cess to every thing; he married; and 
he enjoyed, both at the court and in 
the private societies of the place, a 
flattering reception. Goéthe was his 
most intimate friend. 

The: last and best of his tragedies 
was, entitled ‘“‘ Wilhelm Tell :” it dra- 
matizes the revolution of Switzerland, 
and is become a truly national work of 
art. Indeed it may be doubted whe- 
ther.any gothic tragedy (we do not 
except “‘ Macbeth,” or the “‘ Conspiracy 
of Venice,”’) is equal to this, for ma- 
jesty, of topic, for compass of plan, for 
incessancy of interest, for depth of 
pathos, for variety of character, for do- 
mesticity of costume, for truth of na- 
ture, arid for historic fidelity. Of this 
noble drama, the story of which is well 
known, our literature does not, we 
believe, possess a version: the beau- 
tiful versification deserves to be stu- 
died and transferred by some rising 
genius of a superior class. 

In 1808 Schiller was collecting his 
various works, and had not completed 
his editorial task when he died, in con- 
sequence of a pulmonary disorder. 
His friends thought that a severer re- 
jection of his minor compositions would 
have been more expedient. Non omnis 
moriar ought to suffice for the motto 
of a voluminous author: the less the 
alloy, the more prized is the gold 
which glitters in his collective works. 
And of fine gold Schiller has produced 
much which will ever be prized by the 
friends of freedom, of wisdom, and of 
virtue. 

—— 
To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. 
SIR, ( 
S the season has now arrived 
when that voracious little ani- 
mal, called the gooseberry caterpillar, 


Schiller concluded.— Gooseberry Caterpillar. 


403 


commits such universal devastation 
in our gardens, I have taken the 
liberty to send you a particular de- 
scription of the fly from whence it 
proceeds, together with a remedy for 
preventing its ravages; and, if you 
think that so much said about so di- 
minutive a creature is worthy of a 
place in your Miscellany, it is at your 
service for publication. 

The caterpillar is too well known to 
need any description, but it does not 
seem that the fly from which the cater- 
pillar proceeds is: I am sure that it is 
not; and that many people imagine 
thatit comes from a moth or butterfly, 
which I know it does not; and I am 
quite sure that the following account 
is correct. Nor has there been, that 
I have ever seen, any published 
account how its depredations may be 
prevented ; and, from the observations 
which will be presently made, if the 
suggested remedy should not prove 
effectual, it may open the subject to 
the minds of those who may discover 
something that will. 

Tn the first place, I will give the de- 
scription from Sturt’s “ Natural His- 
tory of Insects,” 2. b. 166:— 

“93. Phalaena wavarla—Gooseberry M. 
Wings cinereous*; the upper ones with 
four abbreviated unequal black fuscie.t 
Inhabits Europe. 8B. The caterpillar 
feeds on the currant and gooseberry : it is 
somewhat hairy, green, and dotted with 
black; having a yellow line along the 
back, and two on the sides. About.the 
middle of May it goes into the ground, to 
change into a naked brown-pointed pupa. 
About the middle of June the moth ap- 
pears, which is very common.” 

Now the above description is ex- 
tremely imperfect, as well as mate- 
rially incorrect; at least. for the 
southern and warm part of Devon- 
shire, where the fly from which this 
destructive little animal proceeds first 
appears about the latter end of 
March, or the beginning and through- 
out the month of April, just as the 
gooseberry leaves have attained a 
sufficient size for them to deposit 
their eggs on, and to supply their 
young with food; which’ eggs are in- 
variably placed on the inside rib of 
the leaf, and the flies always first se- 
lect those leaves nearest the ground, 
which proceed from the rank water- 


* Cinereous—having the appearance of 
being covered with ashes. 
t Fascie—a broad transverse line. 
+ Pupa—the aurelia-anturisalis. 
shoots 


404 


shoots in the middle of the bush, (this 
is very material tobe /known, as will 
hereafter appear;) and, when these 
interior leaves are consumed, the ca- 
terpillars then gradually ascend, until 
the whole bush is denuded, and, con- 
sequently, the fruit spoiled. 

To those who are unacquainted 
with the fly itself, a particular de- 
scription of it may not be uninterest- 
ing. The flies, if attentively observed, 
may be first seen in the latter end of 
March and the beginning of April, as 
before remarked; but the first notice 
that we have of the destroying cater- 
pillar is the skeleton leaves, and, 
when it has done most of its mischief, 
then people set about picking them 
off; but this, though it is a temporary 
relief, is a troublesome task, and an 
endless and ineffectual remedy; be- 
cause, though many adult caterpillars 
are removed, there are thousands still 
left behind in the egg, on the inside 
of the leaves, which cannot be disco- 
vered without turning every leaf up- 
side down: the eggs are then easily 
discovered, like as many little pearls, 
froma dozen to twenty in number, 
about the size of pins’ heads, not round 
but oval, and whitish. It is seldom 
that the first stock of flies do much 
mischief; the leaves grow too rapidly 
for the caterpillars to destroy, and 
they are supplied with sufficient food 
until they drop into the. ground; they 
are then formed into the pupa, from 
whence, after a short time, a second 
generation of flies are produced, who 
perform the same operations of in- 
crease and mischief as their parents, 
and so on to a third, a fourth, and 
fifth, when the season is favourable, 
until the approach of winter puts an 
end to their devastations. The last, 
or autumnal caterpillars, fall into the 
ground, where they remain in the 
aurelia state: until the succeeding 
spring. Ihave some now by me ina 
box, that I put aside in October last, 
which are not yet changed into the 
fly. In an unfavourable season, we 
seldom see any after the first appear- 
ance.:: Upon) the season, then, and 
other causes, depends all the first and 
successive operations of this: perni- 
cious little reptile, the name of which 
itis necessary to know before any re- 
medy can be applied. 

Mr. Sturt seems to understand that 
the caterpillar first, appears; the fact 
is, that the fly first appears; as is 
agreeable to the nature of all insects 


Description of the Gooseberry Caterpillar, 


[June 7, 


which undergo the ‘common transfor- 
mation ‘of the! butterfly: tribe, oLowill 
endeavour ‘to’ give an exact descrip- 
tion sof ‘the ‘female flyo:%n the: first 
place, it is‘a very dull, stupid, ttle 
animal, that will, allow wtself to'be 
caught without the least difficulty: 
it has two horns or feelers }:a: head 
very dark, with two largeveyes four 
transparent. wings; the body'r car- 
ease a light orange colour, not:so 
large as a grain of wheat when fulbof 
eggs; the shoulders dark, to:which 
are affixed six legs, three on aside, 
also orange colour, having three joints; 
five black spots on the last joint: of 
each leg. It is a fly in every respect, 
having no resemblance whatever to a 
moth or butterfly ; and, with the’ ex- 
ception of the horns or feelers) and 
yellow body, it is very much like the 
small house-fly, the wings being’ quite 
smooth and transparent, resembling 
fine isinglass, of a snufi-colour) tint; 
and free of all that down or feather 
which covers the wings of butterflies 
and moths. Still it must be admitted 
to be among the genus of the moth'or 
butterfly; as they do not appear to 
take any food, and undergo the common 
transformation from the egg to the 
caterpillar, the aurelia, and the fly.* 
There is a black stripe on the outer 
part of the two largest wings. ‘The 
whole insect is not above the third: of 
an inch in length, which seems the 
more surprizing, as it produces such 
a pernicious race of destructive cater- 
pillars, at their full size nearly’ an 
inch long. Their habit is to perch’ on 
the outside of a gooseberry or currant 
leaf, and then immediately to creep 
on, the inside, when they directly be- 
gin to drop their eggs on the ribs: of 
the leaf. Thus, to a person who does 
not know the fly, and watch hermotions, 
the parent of these millions’ of insects 
is unknown; and people wonder, as 
the cause is unseen, from whence and 
from what these caterpillars proceed: 
but something cannot come; out of 
nothing. It is generally. imagined 
that they proceed from a moth or but- 
terfly.; yet. it is. admitted that no 
moth or butterfly is ever seen about 
these bushes; but 'the fact is; that the 
mother of all this mischief is the little 
fly which I have described. 


* <A’ fly in entomology is an order of 
imsects, the distinguishing character’ of 
which is, that their wings are transparent. 
By this they are distinguished from moths, 
butterflies, &c.” ’ 

The 


1822+] 


) Phe: above: description is: that of the 
female fly’ I) accidentally): saw ;perch 
oni wleaf.;.Agentleman who, was:with 
me;| and myself, watched -her ‘opera- 
tions, and:she ‘did not seem at allbmo- 
lested at-our moving the leaf, to:see 
whatoshe was)/about: we noted, the 
time} and in eight days the eggs then 
deposited were hatched. into caterpil- 
lars: hus; all. the mischief is done in 
secrets and quiet; and, whilst hun- 
dreds! of) these flies are in a garden, 
the:cause is not known, and the injury 
is mot:seen, until it becomes irreme- 
diable.»- When first hatched, they 
gnaw only the inside of the leaf; but, 
aso they ,get older and larger, they 
feed upon the edge of the leaf, until 
the whole is;consumed, and then they 
retire: by the stem to the next leaf; 
and s0 on, until:every leaf is destroy- 
edi; In: about a fortnight the caterpil- 
lars: attain their full size, and then 
drop on the earth,—into which, or into 
the ‘creviees of a wall, or other conye- 
nieht place, they creep, where they 
are! lost:sight of, and are transformed 
into the pupa. 

)'Phemale fly is so very unlike the 
female, that,if I had not seen them 
united, Isshould have taken it for a 
different ‘species; and I never saw 
this union but once. The body of the 
male is:rather longer and darker than 
the)female, and not larger than a 
common pin, and is much more alert 
andsactive ; still it partakes of the dul- 
ness of its mate, and will allow itself 
to be caught without any difficulty. 

During the growth of the caterpil- 
lar;it'is needless to notice its extreme 
woracity ; the skeletons of the leaves 
aré a -sufficient proof of that fact.* 
‘Phe evil is the destruction of all the 
fruit, asa consequence of the destruc- 
tion of the leaves. This is a disap- 
pointment to many, and worthy an 
enquiry of considerable magnitude ; 
and this has induced me to be so par- 
ticular in the description of an animal 
im other respects only entitled to com- 
‘mon curiosity.: But I know no insect, 
except the turnip flea, or fly, that is of 
$0 injurious adisposition as the goose- 


. * Thus have L. seen. the fly produced 
from the caterpillar in a box, the male 
and female united, and the female lay her 
eggs, which came to caterpillars; and I 
lave now several aurelia. So that there 
ean be no doubt but that the caterpillar 
comes from the fly which has been de- 
seribed, and not from a moth or butterfly, 
as is generally supposed, 


and. Means for Preventing its Ravages. 


405 


berry caterpillar, and therefore I have 
given its shistory-and nature in detail, 
that, if\ possible, its: ravages may be 
prevented. 

Nowas to: the: remedy: as the fly 
first: makes its»appearance in the lat- 
ter end of>March and: April, and 
afterwards,,according to the season, 
or other causes*which we are unac- 
quainted with, appears throughout the 
summer, it strikes) me that the only 
remedy is by placing something about 
the stem, or among the branches of 
the bush, the smell of which is: ob- 
noxious to the flies, and which they 
will not approach; and I have been 
assured, by a gentleman who had re- 
peatedly made the experiment; that 
the smell of. coal-tar would, as -he 
called it, keep off the caterpillars; the 
fact is, that it kept off the: fly... His 
practice was to wrap a beam or twist 
of reed, strongly impregnated) with 
this strong-scented bitumen, round 
the stem of the bush; and no cater- 
pillar touched a leaf. If there be no 
fly, there can be no caterpillar.'There 
was not a leaf eaten upon this gentle- 
man’s» bushes, when all :his neigh- 
bours’ were destroyed, and the’ fruit 
of course spoiled. 

I have heard of other remedies,— 
such as, soap-sud water thrown over 
the bushes, lime, and chimney-soot, 
and a strong decoction of elder leaves; 
but who can eat gooseberries and eur- 
rants after they have been besmeared 
with such filthy materials, which at 
best apply to the evil in part? But,if . 
any one can discover ameans of keep- 
ing off the fly by the smell of some- 
thing which is disagreeable to it, it 
goes to the root of the evil at once; 
and there is nothing in the smell of 
coal-tar which can excite a prejudice 
in the most delicate stomach. | If this 
should not generally succeed, what 
has been said upon the subject may 
perhaps be the means of some of your 
chemical and philosophical © corres- 
pondents finding out something that 
will. Black pepper keeps off the flies 
from meat, and it is by no means im- 
possible that a discovery may be 
made to keep these flies from) the 
gooseberry-bushes: for I) am» well 
assured, that there can be no effectual 
remedy for this evil, but the discovery 
of something, the effluvia of which will 
produce this effect; and the season 
is now approached when the at- 
tempt should not be neglected: for, 
if the first invasion succeeds in 

making 


406 


making abodement, it may not be so 
easy to prevent a second and a third 
from taking entire possession of all the 
bushes. It is upon this principle of 
creating an offensive smell, that turnip- 
seed is recommended to be steeped 
in train-oil before it is sown; and it 
is said to be a perfect security against 
the bite of the turnip-fly. 


Totnes. J.C. 
— 
To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. 
sIR, 


S your Magazine is open to all 

kinds of useful and instructive 
information, the following account of 
the habits of a small fish, which is found 
in all our ponds and brooks, may not 
be impertinent, and may afford your 
readers, more especially those who 
have pursued the study of natural his- 
tory, some amusement; particularly, as 
I am not aware its extreme singularity 
of habits have been noticed by any 
writer. Its Linnean name is Pisci- 
culus aculeatus, stickleback ; its length 
about an inch and a half, and armed 
with five sharp spines, three on the 
back, and one on each side; whence 
its name. In the spring of the year 
the male fish assumes a variety of the 
most beautiful colours ; the throat and 
part of the belly becoming a bright 
scarlet, and the back generally a fine 
sea-green, and occasionally a beautiful 
cream colour, and its whole appear- 
ance extremely bold and gallant. 

At this season I have often confined 
as many as seven or eight males in a 
tub; where, after reconnoitring their 
empire, one will suddenly take posses- 
sion of one of the corners, and attack 
with great spirit any of ‘the others who 
shall dare to invade his territory. It 
will ‘sometimes happen ‘that the four 
corners of the tub may be thus occu- 
pied; and, as invasions must necessa- 
rily take place, conflicts continually 
eccur; and it really is wonderful to 
see with what extraordinary fury and 
animosity they fight, swimming round 
and round ‘each’ other with the most 
inconceivable rapidity, their side spines 
extended, with which ‘they endeavour 
to pierce each other, at the same time 
endeavouring to fasten upon each other 
with their mouths, which are’ armed 
with two formidable rows of teeth. 
Conflicts of this sort I have known to 
last for nearly five minutes, and some- 
times to terminate in the death of one 
of them, for they fight with as much 
fierceness and skill as our modern pu- 


Habits of the Fish called the Stickleback. 


[June 1, 
gilists. It is at these periods of con- 
quest that ‘their colours are brightest ; 
and it is observable, that from the time 
of defeat the fallen hero begins ‘to lose 
his colours and bold appearance, and 
in the course of a day or two becomes 
a speckled and, in comparison, an ugly 
fish, and no longer keeps possession of 
his corner, but submits to the will of 
the usurper. Their bite is so severe, 
that I have frequently known death to 
follow: the bitten part, which is gene- 
rally the tail, becomes furry and white, 
and soon mortifies. Previous to death,’ 
the fish, after losing its colours, as- 
sumes them again; but they are not 
nearly so bright and vivid as when 
they are flushed by victory. 

There is a variety of this species that 
is totally black, that fight, if possible, 
with greater fierceness than the others. 
I had once a small one of this kind 
that sustained a conflict with a much 
larger one of the common sort, which 
terminated in the sable hero being 
absolutely ripped up, and death ‘in 
consequence ensued. 

In my younger days, I have passed 
hours in watching these interesting 
and curious little creatures, and have 
never ceased to be filled with wonder 
and admiration at their extraordinar 
habits—To many this account ma 
appear heightened, and almost fabu- 
lous; but I state simply what T,have 
witnessed, and what any one may 
witness who will take the trouble of 
keeping them. 

If this should appear worthy of your 
notice, I shall be obliged by your in- 
serting it. I could communicate more 
facts, but at present will abstain from 
intruding farther on your columns. © 

April 1822. ra * 


AT HY 
To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. 
SIR, 
€ N O man knoweth where his grave 
shall be digged,” is one of the 
sage maxims of the children’of Ma- 
homet, and is generally true. 
A few months ago, in the’ ‘chancel 
of the’ ‘church ‘of Newington, near 
Hythe, ‘and about three miles from 
this place, T discovered a flat stone, 
into which is sunk a brass plate, con- 
taining the following inscription :— 
Doct. Christopher Reitingeras, natione 
Hangarus, Professione Medictis, per | 
Septennium Archiatros, Imperatori 
Russiz, Muscovi, etc. Potentissimo. * 
Sepultus fnit in hac Ecclesia ‘Trices «| 
Die Mensis Decembris 1612i) 115) 100 
ZEtatis Sue 55. 
At 


1822.) 
_At.this,time,.one of the knights 
of, the..shire,. who,. represented. the 
county .of Kent in, Parliament, was 
— Brockman; esq. of Beachborough, 
where a.respectable family of that 
name. has, resided many generations. 
Beachborough is an.elegant seat, in 
the. vicinity of. Newington, in the 
church of. which many of the Brock- 
man family lie buried; indeed, it is 
their family place of sepulture. 

Itis not, I think, at all improbable, 
that in London an acquaintance had 
been formed. between the Russian 


physician and the Member of Parlia-- 


ment.for Kent; that the former had 
been invited to receive the hospita- 
lities of Beachborough on his return 
home, it being only about ten miles 
from. Dover,—the usual place of em- 
barking for the Continent. That, hay- 
ing thus paid a visit to Beachborough, 
he there sickened, and died; and of 
course was buried amongst the Brock- 
mans, in Newington Church. 
Grace-hill, Kent ; Jan. 3. ee 
—a——— 

For the Monthly Magazine. 
REMARKS. on the CHARACTER of VIS- 
_.COUNT. BOLINGBROKE, im REPLY to 
_,the OBSERVATIONS im ARCHDEACON 
_.COXE’s ‘‘ LIFE of WALPOLE.” 

..ORD Bolingbroke bears so little 

resemblance to himself in the 
former and latter periods of his event- 
ful existence, that with Augustus, and 
a few other characters in history, we 
can scarcely regard him as the same 
individual.. For who, in “the calm 
still mirror of retreat,” can recognize 
the statesman who, to adopt the words 
of the speaker Onslow, “ was of a tem- 
per to overturn kingdoms, to make 
way for himself and his talents, to go- 
vern the world?” 

Having experienced strange disap- 
pointments and vicissitudes of fortune, 
we find this nobleman, on attaining the 
season of mature reflection, making the 
most ingenuous confessions of error. 
“The two. parties were, in truth,” says 
he, “‘become factions in the strict sense 
of the word. I was of one, and Iown 
the guilt.’ For this, acknowledged 
guilt he appears strongly solicitous to 
make all the atonement in his power. 
And he was.at this, period of his. life, 
by persons unquestionably competent 
to judge of character, esteemed and 
admired as the greatest ornament of 
his age and country. 

“In his sequestered retreat,” says 
the contemporary historian Smollet, 

2 


Ancient, Epitaph.—Characier of Lord Boiling broke. 


407 


‘he was visited as asainted shrine by 
all the distinguished votaries of wit, 
eloquence, and politicalambition.” The 
Earl of Chesterfield. speaks of him as 
presenting the living model of the omnis 
homo of the Roman, the all-accom- 
plished of the English poet. Lord 
Orrery tells us, ‘‘ that the conversation 
of Lord B. united the wisdom of So- 
crates, the dignity and ease of Pliny, 
and the wit of Horace.” <‘‘ His many 
advantages of nature and fortune,” as 
Swift assures us, “‘ were still inferior to 
the accomplishments of his mind.” 
And the muse of Pope, ever disdainful 
of yenal incense, dictated, that noble 
apostrophe to Lord B.. at the close of 
his Essay on Man, which seems the re- 
sult of almost idolatrous enthusiasm. 

Tt will not, however, be denied, that 
this nobleman, though sincerely adopt- 
ing principles the reverse of . those 
which governed his early life, was ac- 
tuated in no inconsiderable degree by 
personal resentment against the Wal- 
poles, as the enemies who had. barred 
the way to his complete restoration, or 
that this has given too dark,a tinge to 
many of his reflections. . But Lord B. 
with the other leaders opposed.to the 
Walpole administration, clearly, per- 
ceived that the new system of influence 
was, under the present cireumstances, 
far more formidable than the old system 
of prerogative which it had superseded ; 
and, from its subtle and insidious na- 
ture, less likely to exeite alarm. The 
generous mind of Frederic prince of 
Wales had imbibed from the. lessons 
of Lord B. the noble ambition of go- 
verning upon constitutional principles 
alone; and the “ Letters upon Patrio- 
tism,” and the idea of .a) “ Patriot 
King,” were written to place before the 
intellectual yision of the young prince 
a model truly worthy. of his attention 
and imitation. 

Notwithstanding the flagrant injus- 
tice of supposing this nobleman to have 
been for so many years merely acting 
a part, he has by the zealous apologists 
and advecates of the Walpoles ever 
been the object of oblequy. Tindal is 
an historian very estimable.for the fair- 
ness of his statements in relation to 
facts ; but, in his delineation of charac- 
ters, bis political bias is much more 
discernible, He nevertheless acknow- 
ledges of Lord B. ‘that he was natu- 
rally formed with every accomplish- 
ment that could strike and please 
cither in public or private. And that 
a universal prejudice existed in fayour 

of 


408 


of his abilities. But,” says this writer, 
“ander the appearance of the most 
perfect resignation to his fate, and 
contemning all power, he concealed the 
most malicious resentments, and the 
most ambitious projects, that could rise 
in a human breast. There was in his 
nature no constancy, and consequently 
in his conduct no consistency.” He 
even affirms in the heat of prejudice 
and passion, contrary to all evidence, 
“that they who knew him best hated 
him the worst.”—TInpDAL, vol. ix. 
451-379. 

An attack equally violent, but far 
more laboured, has at a recent period 
been made upon this nobleman by Mr. 
Archdeacon Coxe, in his Memoirs of 
Sir Robert Walpole, a work in many 
respects of great value. ‘In drawing 
the character of Walpole,” we are told 
by the rey. biographer, “that Boling- 
broke is guilty of the. grossest misre- 
presentation, and exaggerated malice.” 
Such a charge, unaccompanied by spe- 
cific evidence, does not admit. of a 
Specific answer; but, whatever might 
be the malice of Bolingbroke, it cer- 
tainly was not without provocation. 
Walpole would willingly have pursued 
his rival to the scaffold; and, in his 
pamphlet on the Peerage Bill, (A.D. 
1719,) when the then ministers, Sun- 
derland and Stanhope, inclined to the 
restoration of Bolingbroke, the ex-mi- 
nister says, after the mention of Ox- 
ford, ‘“‘ His rival in guilt and power 
even now presumes to expect an Act 
of the Legislature to indemnify him 
and qualify his villany !” 

Unquestionably on his return to 
power, Walpole opposed the restora- 
tion of Bolingbroke as long and as 
firmly as hedurst. ‘* We have his own 
authority that this restoration was the 
work of the Duchess of Kendal; and 
that, in obedience to the express com- 
mands of the king, he supported the 
Act. Lord Harcourt, who had be- 
come a favourite at court, powerfully 
co-operated with the duchess, who was 
gained by a present of 11,000]. Far 
from acknowledging any obligation to 
Walpole, Bolingbroke always imputed 
to that minister his exclusion from the 
House of Lords, and he even wrote a 
letter to the king on his return io Eng- 
land, “claiming the fulfilment of the 
promise that had been made of a full 
restitution, laying the blame of the 
failure on the minister, whom he ac- 
cused of meanness and treachery un- 
der the mask of good will.” And itis 


On the Character of Lord Bolingbroke. 


[June 1, 


certain that the king, previous to his 
last continental journey, had resolved 
fully to re-instate him.—Mem. of Sir 
R. W. ii. 141-52. 

What pretext then had the adhe- 
rents of Walpole to bring bitter accu- 
sations of ingratitude against Boling- 
broke? Or to complain that, after 
being restored to the liberty of breath- 
ing the air of his native country, and 
the enjoyment of his fortune by the in- 
dulgence, favour, and assistance of the 
minister, he used that indulgence, and 
requited that favour, by labouring for 
the destructionof bis benefactor?”— Ib. 

“From the versatility of Boling- 
broke’s political life,” continues the 
biographer, ‘‘no fundamental princi- 
ple of action could be expected; for 
where is that principle which at some 
period he had not violated? Where 
was the party to which he had notren- 
dered himself obnoxious? Nothing 
then remained for him but to form a 
political creed as versatile as his life ; 
and which, Proteus-like, adapted itself 
to all times, situations, and circum- 
stances.” This is an imposing speci- 
men of that rhetorical declamation 
which is so often substituted for sober 
argument. The simple fact is, that 
only one remarkable change occurred 
during the entire, active, and long 
protracted life of Bolingbroke, achange 
which has nobly raised and redeemed 
his character !—Ib. p. 157. 

“His doctrinesy’ as we are further 
told, ‘are principally reduced under 
three heads,—lst. A government by 
prerogative rather than by influence. 
2nd. Coalition of parties. 3rd. The 
supposed perfection of the human spe- 
cies in particular instances.—In en- 
forcing the first, Bolingbroke betrays 
his aversion to the revolution, while he 
affects to praise it, by an assertion no 
less remarkable for its audacity than 
its untruth ; namely, that the rights of 
the subject were more endangered by 
the system of influence which had 
taken place since, than by that of arbi- 
trary power which was pursued before 
that era. That the crown had ‘ac- 
quired more sources of power by the 
establishment of the funds, and nomi- 
nation of revenue-oflicers; and enjoyed 
the means of invading liberty more ef- 
fectually by the constitution of the 
revenue, than it ever had been invaded 
by the prerogative. From these pre- 
mises he draws the obvious conclu- 
sion, that it becomes highly necessary 
to prevent the ruin of the Conran 

y 


1822.] - 


by reducing the power [influence] of 
the king by means of an independent 
House of Commons; and declares, 
that the only methed of effecting this 
was to lessen the means of corruption, 
to revive frequent parliaments, and to 
ensure their purity by introducing self- 
denying ordinances.” — Jb. 

This call for reform in the state, first 
insisted upon by this celebrated noble- 
man, has now become loud and gene- 
ral. From the undisguised attacks of 
prerogative the spirit and courage of 
Englishmen were always able to de- 
fend themselves; but, in the reigns 
succeeding the revolution, prerogative 
was by Lord Bolingbroke justly cha- 
racterized “as a chimera, and influ- 
ence as a new and undefinable mon- 
ster far more dangerous to our liber- 
ties.’ This is surely a proposition 
which, under the present aspect of 
things, it requires infinitely more auda- 
city to deny than to assert; and the 
sagacity of the first warning voice few 
will now dispute. Souniversal indeed 
has this axiom become, that scarcely 
a wish has been expressed by the 
boldest speculatists of these times for 
the reduction of the royal prerogative, 
Even the predominance of regal in- 
fluence in the House of Peers is not the 
subject of complaint. That assembly 
ig recognized as the constitutional 
barrier against popular encroachments. 
But it is seen and felt with overwhelm- 
ing conviction, that the House of Com- 
mons has lost its appropriate distinc- 
tion as the representatives of the peo- 
ple. ‘The glory has departed from 
them,” and they are now regarded in 
no higher light in their corporate capa- 
city, for the merits of indviduals are 
above all praise, than as constituting a 
court for enregistering the royal edicts. 

The causes of this enormous in- 
erease of influence are obvious. Since 
the beginning of the last century the 
National Debt has risen from 20 to 800 
millions; the taxes from 5 to 50 mil- 
lions, the dire result of seven long and 
bloody continental wars, and a military 
peace establishment of 100,000 men. 
‘To these may be added the chances 
which haye thrown the great commer- 
cial companies into the hands of go- 
vernment, and transferred the patron- 
age of India to the crown. In fine, our 
fatal foreign possessions and con- 
quests have afforded an inexhaustible 
fund of reward and remuneration to 
the immense crowd of courtexpectants. 

Can we hope that the dignity of le- 
Montuty Mac. No. 368. 


Defence of the Character of Lord Bolingbroke. 


409 
gislative independence will be main- 
tained inviolable under such tempta- 
tions? Were the Constitution to be 
openly attacked by the uplifted arm of 
power, the spirit of resistance would 
doubtless burst forth, and the monarch 
who dared to rouse the sleeping lion, 
would repent his rashness.. But it is 
not prerogative, it is influence that we 
have reason to fear. This is the malady 
which has infected the heart’s-blood of 
the Constitution, and its true euthana- 
sia has been long since predicted. 

The system of influence, though the 
result of the revolution, did not alarm- 
ingly operate till the accession of the 
German dynasty. In the reigns of 
King William and Queen Anne two 
violent and equal factions divided the 
nation, and Whigs and Tories alter- 
nately bore sway. The regal influence 
was merely employed in balancing 
parties, or in favouring the one or the 
other as was deemed expedient. But 
no measure was carried through par- 
liament by the weight of influence in 
contrariety to the general sense of the 
people, and much less to that of the 
very persons who gave it effect! Nor 
was it supposed possible, previously to 
the secession of Townshend and Wal- 
pole in 1717, thatthe sanction of parlia- 
ment couldeverbe obtained tothe Hano- 
veriansystem of politics. This isdemon- 
strable from the whole tenor of the 
correspondence between Townshend 
and Stanhope, during the residence of 
the king, (George I.) in Germany, in 
the autumn of 1716. And the admi- 
nistration of Sunderland was a new 
era in parliamentary history. 

The second charge brought by the 
rev. biographer against Lord Boling- 
broke is, ‘‘ that he enforced the doc- 
trine of the coalition of parties. In 
attempting to explode all former dis- 
linctions, to unite them of all denomi- 
nations, and to change the narrow 
spirit of party into a diffusive spirit of 
public benevolence, he well knew that 
he contradicted the history of past 
ages, and the experience of his own.” 
Can it be necessary to vindicate Lord 
B. from an accusation like this? 
Doubtless that nobleman, in adopting 
a principle so noble, hoped that his 
writings might in some measure con- 
duce to an end above all others de- 
sirable; though he was too deeply 
versed in human nature not to be 
aware, that it was in the full extent 
utterly unattainable. 

The third charge is, “toat Lord B. 

3 F maintained 


410° 


maintained the perfectibility of the hu- 
man species in particular instances.” 
So far as this accusation is intelligible, 
it may be best answered by himself. 
“In giving his reveries to the public,” 
we are told by his accuser, “ that Lord 
B. employed a specious philosophical 
jargon, then novel, and calculated to 
make an impression on ignorant minds, 
since become more common, and justly 
exploded as the cant of hyprocrisy or 
enthusiasm. Its pretensions were 
founded on candour, liberality of sen- 
liment, universal philanthropy, and a 
tender concern for the happiness of 
posterity.” If this is the jargon of ig- 
norance, hyprocrisy, or enthusiasm, 
the rev. author would have done well 
to instruct us in the appropriate Jan- 
guage of the Christian virtues of cha- 
rity and beneficence. Let us at least 
hear the supposed delinquent in his 
own defence. ‘“Itseemsto me,” says 
Lord B. * that, in order to maintain 
the moral system of the world at a cer- 
tain point, far below that of ideal per- 
fection, for we are made capable of 
conceiving what we are incapable of 
attaining, that the Author of Nature 
has thought fit to mingle, from time to 
time, among the societies of men, a few 
on whom he is graciously pleased to 
bestow a larger portion of the ethereal 
spirit, who are born to instruct, to 
guide, and to preserve; who are de- 
signed tc be the tutors and guardians 
of human kind. When these men ap- 
ply their talents to other purposes, 
when they strive to be great and despise 
being good, they commit a most sacri- 
legious breach of trust. To misapply 
these talents is the greatest of crimes; 
but, to keep them unexerted and un- 
employed, is a crime too. To what 
higher station, to what greater glory 
can any man aspire, than to be during 
the whole course of his life the support 
of good, the control of bad govern- 
ment, and the guardian of public li- 
berty. A life dedicated to the service 
of our country admits the full use, and 
no life should admit the abuse, of 
pleasures.” Wa 
“Parliamenis are not only what they 
always were, essential parts of our 
Constitution, but essential parts of our 
administration too. They donot claim 
the executive power. No; but the 
executive power cannot be’ exercised 
Without their annual concurrence. 
How few meuiths, instead of years, 
have princes and ministers now to pass 
without inspection and control. How 
2 


Defence of the Character of Lorg Bolingbroke. 


(June y, 


easy, therefore, is it become, to check 
every growing evil in the bud, to 
change every bad administration. W-e 
must want spirit, as well as virtue, to 
perish. I believe,” continues this no- 
ble writer in the same specious jargon 

“no man of sense and, knowledge 
thought the Constitution concerned, 
notwithstanding all the clamour raised 
at one time about the danger of the 
church, and at another about the dan- 
ger of the Protestant succession. But 
the case is at this time vastly altered. 
The means of invading liberty were not 
then grown up into strength. You 
owe to your country, to your honour, 
to your security, to the present and to 
future ages, that no endeavours of 
yours be wanting to repair the breach 
that is made, and is increasing daily in 
the Constitution ; and to shut up with 
all the bars and bolts of law, the prin- 
cipal entries through which these tor- 
rents of corruption have been let in 
upon us. I say the principal entries, 
because, howeverit may appear in pure 
speculation, I think it would not be 
found in practice possible ; no, nor 
eligible neither, to shut them up all. 
As entries of corruption, none of them 
deserve to be excepted ; but, there isa 
just distinction to be made, because 
there is a real difference. Some of 
these entries are opened by the abuse 
of powers necessary to maintain subor- 
dination, and to carry on even good go- 
vernment; and, therefore, necessary to 
be preserved in the crown, notwith- 
standing the abuse that is sometimes 
made of them. Forno human institu- 
tion can arrive at perfection, and the 
most that human wisdom can do, is to 
procure the same or greater good at the 
expense of less evil. There will be 
always some evil either immediate or 
remote, either in cause or conse- 
quence.”— Letters on Spirit of Patrio- 
tism, pp. 10-40. 

This may serve as an answer not only 
to the charge against Lord B. “for 
broaching the doctrine of the supposed 
perfection of the human species,” but 
also another incidental accusation, | 
(Mem. of Sir R. W. ii. p. 158-9,) “ of 
considering the court-party as a fac- 
tion, and confederacy against the coun- 
try,” whereas the noble writer expressly 
affirms, that there is a constitutional in- 
fluence of the crown, necessary to main- 
tain subordination, and which it would 
be dangerous to abolish, even supposing 
it to be sometimes abused. His argu- 
ment is directed solely against that 

overbearing, 


1822.] 


overbearing, overwhelming influence of 
the crown, which makes the will of the 
sovereign, however ill-advised and ill- 
informed, every-thing, and the almost 
unanimous sentiments of the people, 
nothing. 

In his ensuing letter Lord B. gives 
us his famous delineation or idea of a 
patriot king, ‘the most uncommon,” 
as he hesitates not to say, “of all 
phenomena in the physical or moral 
world. Yet,” says the noble writer, 
‘we are willing to indulge the pleasing 
expectation.” This was not a mere 
compliment to Frederic the heir-appa- 
rent, than whom no prince was ever 
more solicitous to merit the appellation, 
and to convert the idea into a reality. 

—_—— 
For the Monthly Magazine. 
THE PHILOSOPHY OF CONTEM- 
PORARY CRITICISM. 
NO, XXI. 
The Quarterly Review, No. 51. 

HE first article in the number be- 

fore us is Martin Dobrizhoffer’s 

“* Account of the Abipones,’ a work 
originally composed in Latin forty 
years ago by.an Austrian jesuit, trans- 
lated by Mr- Southey, or his assistants 
we suspect, and certainly reviewed by 
the laureate, and published by Mr. 
Murray in three small octavos, at the 
enormous price of thirty-six shillings. 
We mention these facts to explain, in 
some degree, the appearance of such a 
publication in an English translation. 
The work itself, except the honest sim- 
plicity of the narrative, has scarcely a 
single recommendation: it is a verbose 
account of an obscure tribe of Ameri- 
cans, drawn up by a person with much 
less acumen than the generality of his 
order, credulous, and without the sci- 
ence which could alone give interest to 
the details with which two-thirds of the 
work is filled. The title in the original 
is, ‘‘ History of the Abipones, a Warlike 
People of Paraguay, their Cities, 
Rivers, Wild Beasts, Amphibious Ani- 
mals, Insects, Serpents, Birds, Fishes, 
Trees, Plants,” &c ; this has been judi- 
ciously abridged into the more taking 
form of ‘ An Account of the Abipones, 
an Equestrian People of Paraguay.” 
The first yolume is principally occupied 
with details of natural history, without 
any regard to scientific arrangement ; 
the second and third, with the old mis- 
sionary’s “‘ Journey to St. Jago,” his 
“Stay at St. Jago,” his “ Disastrous 
Return from St. Jago,” with a tedious 
account of his endeavours to convert 


The Philosophy of Contemporary Criticism, No. XX. 


411 


the Indians, whom he found, contrary 
to the experience of St. Paul, that faith 
enters by “‘the ear,” that, “‘ with the 
savages of Paraguay, it could only be 
thrust in by the mouth.” Dobrizkoffer 
did not commence his work till his 
sixty-sixth year, and died in 1791, 
having previously had the honour of 
diverting, with his garrulity, the tedium 
of that sage devotee Maria Theresa. 
So much for the work of which the 
Review is merely an abridgment, and 
does not afford materials for remark, 
except in the peculiar opinions ex- 
pressed by the writer on the expulsion 
of the jesuits, and the establishment of 
the independence of Spanish America. 
The first he appears to regret, and the 
last he thinks might have been effected 
“‘ without a struggle,” had the colonies 
only waited ‘the course of events in 
the mother country.” In this opinion 
we do not concur ; for we doubt, first, 
whether the liberty acquired by Old 
Spain would ever have been voluntarily 
conceded to her dependencies; and, 
secondly, we doubt whether the “‘course 
of events” adverted to, would have hap- 
pened had it not been from the exam- 
ple and impulse given to the mother 
country by her transatlantic posses- 
sions. 

The next subject is the “‘ Bishop of 
St. David’s Vindication of 1 John, v. 7,” 
in which some sage advice is given to 
the right reverend prelate, not to en- 
danger the whole by grasping at too 
much, especially as the genuineness of 
the disputed verse has been denied by 
Griesbach and Porson; is to be found 
only in one Greek manuscript, and 
that manuscript of the fifteenth or six- 
teenth century; and can be defended 
only on grounds that must impair the 
credit of the whole Scripture canon. 

Korzesur’s Voyage of Discovery 
forms the third subject, and is rather a 
querulous notice of the unfortunate 
navigator; unfortunate, we call him, 
because compelled to relinquish the 
most interesting object of his expedi- 
tion, from uncontrollable circumstances. 
The fears of the reviewer on the recent 
claim of Russia. to the whole north- 
west coast of America, from the fifty- 
sixth degree of latitude to the “extreme 
north,” appear without just foundation, 
as itis a mere paper pretension, illus- 
trating, it is true, the ambitious cha- 
racter of the northern autocrat, but not 
likely for some time to interfere with 
our commercial interests. 

In the next article, Memoirs of a Life 

passed 


412 


passed in Pennsylvania, we feel more 
inclined to trust the opinions of Mr. 
Galt on the merit of the work, than to 
rely on the piecemeal quotations of the 
reviewer, made. to disprove its preten- 
sions to ‘‘ various excellencies of style, 
description, and impartiality.” 

Buckinenam’s Travels in Palestine 
is another article treated with undue 
severity. An honester writer never 
published a book of travels; but it in- 
terferes with other interests: besides, 
Mr. Buckingham is not exactly ortho- 
dox, and this is quite enough to make 
us sceptical about the strictures of the 
Quarterly on his ‘‘accuracy” and 
“character.” 

The Deaf and Dumb article is a very 
barren performance. The subject was 
new to the public; affording, too, an 
opportunity for philosophical discussion 
and. curious information, subservient to 
the most benevolent purposes; all 
which have been thrown away in the 
uninteresting notice of the reviewer. 
We think, contrary to the writer, that 
in cases where the organs of speech 
are entire, articulation should not be 
neglected, notwithstanding the distor- 
tion of countenance it occasions, and 
which appears to us a defect-that might 
be corrected by those to whom the 
instruction of the deaf and dumb is 
confided. 

The next article, Mémoires du Duc 
de Lauzun, we consider, like its sub- 
ject, unworthy of a place even in the 
Quarterly, and for the most part is a 
mere reprint of the driyellings of acer- 
tain weekly journalist, whom we have 
long observed dextercusly engaged in 
extending the circulation of his pages, 
by ministering to the wants of the clean 
and unclean portion of his readers; 
providing the latter with early intelli- 
gence of every deleterious publication 
that issues from the press, and without 
which aid they would probably never 
have heard of their existence; and con- 
ciliating the favour of the former by 
declaiming lustily on their immoral and 
irreligious tendency. Of the Mémoires 
we can say nothing, not haying seen 
them; nor do we feel any curiosity 
about their contents. We understand 
they furnish additions to the scandalous 
ebtonicle of the old courts and the old 
nobility ; and we can only observe, if 
their details are more revolting than 
those that have preceded on the same 
subject, the authenticity of which has 
not been denied, they must be very 
shocking. Judging from the facts 


The Philosophy of Contemporary Criticism, No. XX. 


[Junet, 
adduced by the reviewer to prove 


the work spurious, we have no deubt 


about its genuimeness, and that it is 
what it purports to be—Memoirs of the 
Life of the notorious Duke de Biron, 
alias Duc de Lauzun. Thatda certain 
class should wish such records of past 
times suppressed and forgotten, we 
can readily conceive; and we wish 
there had been no cause for their pub- 
lication: but while the excesses of re- 
formers are continually held up to 
deter from the most salutary improve- 
ments, we can see no harm in occa- 
sionally reverting to the evils of the 
old system, so that the wise’ and good 
may steadily pursue their course with- 
out falling into the follies of either. 
The eighth subject, Western Cale- 
donia, isa notice of the voyages and 
travels of Mr. Harmon; who, we are 
told, is a “pious man,” and whose 
piety appears, from the cavalier rela- 
tion of the reviewer, to have formed 
some atonement for his aberration, in 
taking a Canadian girl without those 
formalities usual in civilized society. 
In the ninth article, State of Weights 
and Measures, two facts are stated de- 
serving attention: first, an error of =% 
per cent. in the computed proportion 
between the weights of England and 
France, and which has affected the 
estimated par of exchange between the 
two countries for the last eighty years; 
secondly, the introduction of au uniform 
system of weights and measures seems 
nearly as difficult and hopeless as the 
introduction of an uniform language. 
Memoirs of the Kit-Kat Club forms 
the tenth subject, in which the reviewer 
puts forth his whole strength to destroy 
the credit of the unfortunate editor of 
the publication. That the style of the 
author is somewhat /dche, there are 
evident symptoms ; but some errors arc 
obviously those of the printer; others, 
we think, are too gross to have been 
committed ; and, in the extract at page 
426, the writer’s meaning is plainly 
perverted, for it is clear that the Kit- 
Cat Club might not be instituted till 
“about 1700,” and yet consist of “ the 
principal noblemen and gentlemen,” 
who. had ‘opposed’ the arbitrary mea- 
sures of James II.” in 1688. At all 
events, the reviewer, while sedulously 
picking .out the misnomers and ana- 
chronisms of others, should have been 
correct in his own references. He re- 
fers to No. 34 of the Tatler, stating 
that ‘‘the whole paper’ relates ‘to the 
reason why the custom of “ toasting 
ladies” 


1822.] 


ladies” has*been “called toasting ;” 
whereas we can assure him that “the 
whole paper” does not contain a word 
on the subject. 

The eleventh article is Sir ROBERT 
Ker Porrer’s elaborated Travels in 
Georgia, Persia, §e. Just now we ap- 
prehend the public is pretty well 
stocked with voyages and travels, and 
we do not complain of their number, 
only we wish some of them were less 
exclusively devoted to physical, instead 
of moral, objects of research. Itis not 
so much by ascertaining the height of 
mountains, tracing the course of rivers, 
or expatiating.on the beauty of natural 
scenery, that mankind can be bene- 
fited, as by examining their govern- 
ments, religious institutions, and man- 

‘ners, and the influence of these on so- 

cial happiness. Sir Robert, however, 
whose enquiries have been partly di- 
rected to the manners of the people 
among which he sojourned, does not 
appear particularly objectionable on 
this head. Some of his descriptions 
are rather luxuriant, and we observe 
the most piquant have been carefully 
culled out by the reviewer, without any 
comment on their “dangerous ten- 
dency.” This, we suppose, is a com- 
pliment to Sir Robert’s “loyalty” and 
“ courtier-like” deportment. 

The Pirate: in this article we have 
the sage gentleman we noticed, on a 
former occasion, as having never been 
“in love,” and who now informs us, 
with due solemnity, that he is “‘ incre- 
dulous in love at first sight, thinking it 
always to require previous acquain- 
tance, and almost intimacy, as a predis- 
posing cause.” His outline of the story 
is meagre and spiritless in the extreme, 
and his discrimination of character in- 
correct. For instance, we are told 
Triptolemus Yellowley ‘is insipid ;” 
whereas we consider him, with his 
sister Babie, the most amusing and 
best supported character in the group, 
always excepting the old Udialler. 
For Minna Troil we have no penchant 
whatever ; and we think no sailor, like 
Cleveland, would have preferred such 
a visionary enthusiast to the more 
lively and natural attractions of the 
fair Brenda. The whole novel, or ra- 
ther romance, stands very low in our 
estimation: it is full of vulgar clap- 
traps, improbable fictions, absurd con- 
ceits and incongruities; and we can- 
not help thinking the vagaries of 
our laureate friend in Thalaba and 
the Curse of Kehama unfairly treated, 


The Quarterly Review, No. 51. 


413 


while such outré creations as Meg Mer- 
rilies and Norna of the Fitful-head 
pass with impunity, and even praise. 

Strewarv’s Second Dissertation forms 
the thirteenth article. It is rather 
tedious, on a subject in which we ap- 
prehend the superficial and the pro- 
found may be equally diffuse and 
unsatisfactory. We ourselves concur 
with the prevailing opinion on the in- 
utility of metaphysical enquiries, and 
think with a sagacious writer, himself 
a great metaphysician, that the writings 
of Addison will be read when those of 
Locke have sunk into oblivion. What 
more, indeed, can we hope to dis- 
cover? Though we push Nature into 
her utmost recesses, we can never com- 
prehend the secret principles on which 
her most remarkable phenomena de- 
pend. We can trace a plant to its 
origin, we can resolve a seed into its ele- 
ments, yet we cannot explain the mys- 
terious power by which it afterwards 
matures into the most beautiful foliage, 
or delightful fragrance. Can we do 
more with the mind of man? We may, 
indeed, resolve its various faculties 
into imagination, volition, perception, 
and so forth; but this does not bring 
us nearer to our object; it does not 
develope the peculiar organization by 
means of which intellectual pheno- 
mena are produced. The reviewer 
complains that Mr. Stewart has not 
afforded more comprehensive views of 
different metaphysical systems: we 
apprehend the defect arose more from 
the subject than the writer. It is not 
easy to state the precise boundaries 
which separated the theories of Locke, | 
Leibnitz, Berkeley, and Reid ; for they 
differed only in particulars, and it is to 
the particulars in which they differed 
that Mr. Stewart, in our opinion, has 
properly confined his illustrations. The 
arrangement, too, appears to have been 
unavoidable, so as to introduce the 
Same mass of varied and curious in- 
formation; and the “two,” and even 
“three tier of notes,” are at least war- 
ranted by the example of one cele- 
brated philosopher, whose folios are 
frequently admired. 

MALtE-Brun’s Spurious Voyages is 
a lively article, in refutation of some 
preposterous claims, recently put forth 
in Paris, to the discovery of the north- 
west passage. 

The fifteenth and last subject is Co- 
lonial Policy ; in which are successfully 
combated the objections that colonies 
are a drain on the capital and popula- 

tion 


414 


tion of the parent state, and some 
other points, which we were not aware 
were disputed, except by mere tyros 
in political science.. We do not, how- 
ever, concur in all the reasoning of 
the reviewer, nor do we entirely agree 
with those who contend, that in no 
case ought the employment of capital 
and industry to be an object of legisla- 
tive interference. So far, perhaps, as 
the mere augmentation of wealth is 
concerned, the entire freedom of com- 
merce would be most advantageous ; 
but the welfare of states does not de- 
pend so much on the accumulation of 
capital, as its distribution, and the 
employment of population in those 
branches of industry most conducive 
to social happiness and national inde- 
pendence. In the particular case of 
our West-India is!ends, we apprehend, 
the principle of a free trade might be 
beneficially introduced. It is true 
such a system would probably abridge 
the market of Ireland for salt provi- 
sions, and that of Scotland for linens 
and cottons: but still, if our colonial 
possessions be a valuable appendage 
to the empire, they mast be valuable 
in proportion to their wealth and re- 
sources; and these wou!d certainly be 
most augmented by throwing open to 
them the markets, in which they could 
sell at the dearest, and purchase at the 
cheapest rate. To this argument we 
do not see how the reviewer can reply. 

Though the style of this review, me- 
chanically considered, continues good, 
yet its principles are anti-British, its 
spirit is bad wherever any social feel- 
ing is introduced, its general tone is 
alien to every principle of civil liberty, 
and it is now the chief engine of that 
system which has undermined our free 
constitution, and carried misery and 
bankruptcy to almost every industri- 
ous fire-side in these once-flourishing 
islands. The support which it receives 
is however a proof that many deluded 
persons have not yet suffered enough, 
and that successive plagues are neces- 
sary to change the hearts ‘of all obsti- 
nate governors, as well as those of 
Pharaoh and his Egyptians. Money 
will always purchase advocates, and it 
is not to be wondered that those who 
profit by abuses and corruption should 
avail themselves of their wealth and 
power to purchase a cheap defence of 
their possessions, by the agency of un- 
principled’ writers; and henee ‘the 
perverted talent which too often ap- 
pears in this journal, 


Mr. Taylor on a Plagiarism of Pope. 


[June |, 
To the Bilitor of the Monthly, Magazine. 
BI Rasp 10. a201?: ebsodotreinie 
| eae at... present,.engaged .in 
translating into English’ the . Py- 
thagoric Political Fragments, and also 
some Ethical Fragments of Hieroeles, 
preserved by Stobeeus, ¥ fuund'in the Tat- 
ter of these a passage so conformable 
to the following beautiful lines’ in 
Pope’s ‘‘Essay on Man,” that’ it’ is 
most probably the source: fron» whith 
they were derived; and, a8 I ‘bave'no 
doubt of the readers of your! Magazine 
being of the same opinion, I send it to 
you for insertion. The lines of Pope 
are these :— g bol 
“*Self-love but serves the virtuous mind to wake, 
As the small pebble stirs the peaceful lake, 
The centre mov’d, a circle straight succeeds, 
Another still, and still another spreads,— 
Friend, parent, neighbour, first it will embrace, 


His country next, and next all human race; 
Wide and more wite, th’ o’erflowings of the mind 


Take ev’ry creature in of ev’ry kind.” 


The following is the passage jin 
Hieroeles, the celebrated: comnientator 
on the Pythagoric Golden Verses:— | 

Orme yug Exesog MpuLYy O1OV RUMADIE \AOANOL¢ 
TEQLYEYLUTTUL* TOLL LEY TLAbXEOTELIIG, TOKE oe puter, 
% TOS (AB TEELEXOUTL, TOIS) del TEpLEYoLKEVOICS KieTe, 
wag Ciedecoug x aviotug.mgo eddsious CX ETH. 
TEWTOS pty You 87 TL KUKAOG  meoTEYysEAlauToE, GI 
@UTOS Tig neBeurreg TEgh AT EV PM tauTov YELM Tas 
Sheeyoscey 3 ey @ XUKAD TO TE Twpaee MEpley ETH, 4 
TO CWeeTOS EVEKCE TeupELAyApXeVeL” oxetay es 
Beayurarreg x puixpou Sey cevray medrtinfopéves 
MEyT ZOU KURDS ouTOG, devTEgos de aT leroverns) * 5 
THEY (LEY eebiotwe TOU HEyTEOUy -MEglexY VE Toy, 
MOWTO, EY O TET CY ToL YOVELS, CCENPOLyy yUIM, Treesbany 
0 Sano rouTuy Tete, Vw SHO nd Tide, mem gE 
6 Tire, & aderpuy meudec, eT dialed ia Tov, 
Toug addrovG Teg Wy TUYyAES. TIUTw epetnc, 9 
Tey Cyoray, % ET aUTOY 0 TH QuAETAY, HOO 
momma, o Setwratw x preyioros, TEDEYuY Te 
MeUyTee TONG RUXAOUC, 0 TOY TeyTOs. CORUM yeRe. 
That is,—“ For, in short, each of us is, as 
it were, circumscribed by many’ circles; 
some of which are less, but others larger, 
and some comprehend, but others:are 
comprehended, according to the different 
and unequal habitudes with respect. to 
each other, For the first. indeed; ,and 
most proximate circle, is that which every 
one describes about his own mind as a 
centre; in which circle the body, and 
whatever is assumed for the sake of the 
body, are comprehended. For this. is 
nearly the smallest circle, and ‘almost 
touches the centre itself.’ The’ second 
from this, and which is at a greater dis- 
tance from the centre, but comprehends 
the first circle, is that im which: parents, 
brothers, wife, and children, are-arranged, 
The third circle from the centre,)is.that 
which contains uncles and aunts; grand- 
fathers and grandmothers, and the children 
of brothers and sisters. After this, is the 
circle which comprehends the remaining 
relatives. 


1822.] 
relatives. Next to this is that which con- 
tains the’coninion people, then that whicli 
comprehends those of the same tribe, 
afterwards ‘that which’ cotitains ‘the citi- 
zens ; “and then! two other circles: follow, 
one:being the:circle of those that dwell in 
the vicinity of the city; and the other of 
those, of, the, same province. But the 
ontermost .and greatest circle, and which 
comprehends, all. the other circles, is that 
of the whole human race.” 


On; comparing these two extracts 
with each ‘other, it appears that in 
Hierocles the circles are scientifically 
detailed;: but that in Pope they are 
synoptically enumerated. Pope, too, 
has added another circle to that which 
is the outermost with Hierocles, viz. 
the circle which embraces every crea- 
ture of every kind. But as Hierocles 
in this fragment is only speaking of 
our. duties to kindred, among which 
the whole human race is in a certain 
respect included, he had no occasion 
to introduce another circle, though the 
Platonic doctrine of benevolence is as 
widely extended as that of Pope. 

THomas TAYLOR. 

Manor-place; Walworth. 

— 
To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. 
SIR, 


OUR. correspondent N. Justitia, 
in your last Magazine, gave you 
deserved credit, in saying you admit 
fact in preference to falschood, and he 
may add, you give more confidence to 
fact than to hearsay. Relative to the 
use of slaked lime on apple-trees, there 
can be no doubt of its being useful in 
the destruction of all insects, from its 
caustic quality in the immediate use on 
slaking; but it is soon deprived of the 
burning quality. Itis commonly used 
to, prevent the slugs from eating the 
young peas ; while dry and unslacked, 
the shigs crawling on it, their moisture 
causes the burning heat in the slak- 
ing which destroys them. As soon as 
ahy wet falls ‘on the lime, the destruc- 
tive quality is lost, and slugs will crawl 
over it, and destroy the peas. I have 
tried saw-dust, ashes, barley-husk ; 
while dry, the,. pricklincss prevents 
them from crawling up; but as soon as 
wet the effectis lost ;and the only way 
to get vid of them is by keeping ducks, 
who do noanjary to vegetables, but in 
the fruit season’ f) remove them from 
the'gardens' > 9 a 
‘TD shall offer’some’ observations on 
line ihe trées’ to form a’ plaster, 
which ‘must provebt the benefit: that 


On the Use of Slaked Lime in Vegetation. 


415 


all vegetables receive from the vapour 
and air, so essentially necessary for the 
health of trees. Your correspondent 
concludes that the good effect of the 
lime is proved by the fruit being much 
larger: that might arise from a different 
cause,—the year before might. have 
been superabundant; when that is the 
case, the fruit runs smaller than when 
there is a less quantity. It is a com- 
mon practice with gardeners to pick 
some of the fruit off the trees, that the 
remainder may be finer. 

1 am very doubtful if N. Justitia’s 
conclusion is founded on fact; the be- 
nefit the tree had received, by the 
proof of the fruit being larger, might 
arise from the above cause. 

Ss. W. 


April 17, 1822. 
—a—— 
For the Monthly Magazine. 

A PLAN suggested ultimately to ex- 
terminate the NATURAL SMALL-POx ; 
and to establish, by the TEST of EX- 
PERIENCE, the EFFICACY of COW-POCK, 
in the PREVENTION generally of that 
DISEASE; by J: VALE ASBURY, EsQ. 
MEMBER of the ROYAL COLLEGE of 
SURGEONS, and LICENTIATE of the 
SOCIETY of APOTHECARIES 7 LONDON. 

HAT the introduction of cow- 
pock as a substitute for the small- 
pox, should occasion contention, is not 
singular, when we consider the diver- 
sity of opinion generally inherent in 
the mind of man ; but, that the practice 
of vaccination should meet with so much 
opposition after twenty-four years’ ex- 
perience in England, and successfully 
in thousands of cases, is matter of asto- 
nishment, and can only be accounted 
for on the rank soil of prejudice. The 
late Bishop of Landaff, in the Anec- 
dotes of his Life, observes, that “our 
opinions on many important subjects 
are founded as much on prejudice as 
on reason;” the pretended ground of 
objection maintained. by the anti-vac- 
cinists furnishes us with ample proof of — 
the accuracy of this observation, It 
may be asked, where is even the atom 
of reason manifest in, preferring the 
malign disease, that horrible pestilence, 
which, if it do not destroy life, leaves its 
victim blind, beset with running sores, 
and thus becoming a loathsome. object 
of compassion, to that benign affection 
the cow-pock, which neither engenders 
disease nor produces deformity? 

The beneficial influence which every 
being may deriye from yaccine inocu- 
lation, will be best illustrated by taking 
askeich of the nature, and great fata- 

lity 


416 Mr. Abury’s Plan to exterminate the, Natural Small-pox. . (June ok 


lity’ of the small-pox.,_ It is said that, 
when this disease first visited New 
Spain, it proved fatal to one half of the 
inhabitants, ‘‘*that in the province of 
Quito alone it destroyed uo less than 
one hundred thousand.” In Greenland, 
in the year 1773, it almost depopulated 
the whole country; and, when the 
small-pox was conveyed to the Isle of 
France by a Dutch ship in 1793, five 
thousand four hundred persons perished 
with it there in six weeks. Mr. Ring, 
in his “Treatise on the Cow-pock,” ob- 
serves, that, when the small-pox made 
its appearance among a tribe of Esqui- 
maux Indians, on the coast of Labra- 
dor, it was so violent and fatal that 
many of the natives fled to avoid the 
contagion, nor did they venture to re- 
turn till three years had elapsed, when 
their country had become a desart; but 
they found the skeletons of five hundred 
persons, who had fallen victims to the 
horrible disorder, 

The pestilence has been equally fatal 
in this climate. By the London Bills 
of Mortality for seventy-five years, 
(ending in the year 1777) according to 
Dr. Cappe, more than two thousand 
and twenty have been swept off by the 
small-pox annually. The total amount 
in that period was one hundred and 
fifty-one thousand five hundred and 
seventy... In 1800, the number was 
two. thousand four hundred; in 1801, 
one thousand four hundred and sixty- 
one. From Dr. Blane’s evidence before 
the Committee of the House of Com- 
mons, we learn, that the deaths from 
the small-pox were, on an average, 
nearly one-tenth of the whole morta- 
lity: that; by the Bills of Mortality, 
more than two thousand die annually 
of it in London, because these Bills do 
not include the whole of the metropo- 
lis; one of the largest parishes, viz. 
Mary-le-bone, is not included in them, 
neither is Pancras, in which the Small- 
pox Hospital itself is situated. It is 
estimated that the whole number not 
reckoned is one hundred and seventeen 
thousand eight hundred and two; in 
addition to which, we may notice that 
six or’seven thousand persons are an- 
nually interred in the burying-grounds 
of the Dissenters, The whole number 
of deaths in ‘the United Kingdom, ac- 
cording to this gentleman’s calculation, 
would be about thirty-four thousand 
two hundred and sixty. 

The extraordinary fatality of this 


* Woodville on Small- pox. 


disease, prior to.the introduction, of . 
vaccination, has given. rise to the re- 
mark, that it is more destructive to. the. 
human, race than the sword, the plague, 
or famine. The contagious principle of, 
the plague, which is considered (by 
Europeans a most formidable distem- 
per, is more limited in its sphere of ac-' 
tion than that of the small-pox ; it es— 
pecially requires certain co-operating 
agents for the efficacy of the contagious, 
matter, such as an atmosphere conta-. 
minated by efiluvia from the decompo- 
sition of animal or vegetable matter, a 
particular season and climate, anda 
certain degree of temperature. , These 
are essential to the production of plaguc- 
The contagious principle of the small- 
pox, on the contrary, requires onily the. 
specific seed to be sown, and the disease 
is propagated in all seasons, and in 
every climate; it requires no agency, 
but the susceptibility of the eonstitu- 
tion; then the morbid action itself 
produces new seed in an accumulated. 
quantity, and in this. manner the 
ravages of the disease are extended to 
every variety of the human. species, 
from the North to the South. Pole,. 
There is another peculiarity highly. 
important to be noticed. The yariolous, 
matter, adhering to any substance, ang 
being afterwards accidentally applied 
to the body, either in solution or,in : 
dry state, and rendered soluble by the 
insensible perspiration, is capable .of 
producing the disease foraconsiderable, 
time after it has been thrown off from. 
the subjectin which it was engendered : 
and there are many well authenticated 
instances of the contagion being so po- 
tent and durable that eyen the graye 
itself does not destroy its influence. 
Such, then, is the character, of that, 
disease, which many_parents_are. so, 
anxious and diligent in administering, 
to their children by inoculation... .. ; 
The practice of inoculation gained 
considerable credit in the hands of. its, 
early. promoters, by producing a much. 
milder form of the disease: than, that, 
excited by what_is called the natural 
mode; and, on the same principle, this, 
practice has. been continued up to the 
present time. Itwould be reasonable to 
infer, therefore, that, since the adoption, 
of inoculation, the number; of deaths, 
from, swall-pox should , be, decreased« 
But, if the yearly Bills of Mortality be 
examined,.we. shall find), that.,,Dr. 
Lettsom’s. statement, to, the committee 
of the House of Commons. is, correct, 
It appears, that.im forty-two years, 
between 


1$22.] Mr. Asbury’s Plan to exterminate the Natural Smallpox.’ 


between 1667 and 1722, the average 
number of deaths occasioned by the 
small-pox was, to the whole number 
who died, as 72 to 1000; but, in 
ty-two years after inoculation was 
in full use, from 1731 to 1772, the 
proportion was 89 in 1000, being an 
increase of nearly one-fourth. This 
circumstance has beenattributed to the 
act of inoculation ; and practitioners 
in some districts have, since the prac- 
tice of vaccination, refused to inoculate 
in those families where they have not 
been successful in recommending the 
cow-pock, which refusal has led to very 
lamentable consequences. It is true 
that inoculation increases the source of 
contagion, at the same time that it ren- 
ders the disease itself milder in the 
constitution which receives it: but, 
from the observations of Dr. Haygarth, 
and other physicians of eminence, it 
appears that the contagious property is 
not communicated to any great extent 
through the medium of a circulating 
atmosphere ; on the contrary, it espe- 
cially requires contiguity of persons, or 
exposure to a current of air strongly 
pC ae or a confined air in which 
exhalations, from a body labouring 
under the disease, are taking place ; 
and Lam led to infer, from many recent 
cases which have occurred to me in 
practice, that, where the contagion 
cannot be traced toa direct communi- 
eation with the infected body, the 
disease is propagated, with matter in 
the state to which I have before al- 
Inded, by the general intercourse of 
society. If, therefore, inoculation ex- 
cite a mild form of the disease, and yet, 
during the practice of it there has been 
an imereasing mortality, though the 
disease be not communicated by an 
open atmosphere, it follows that the 
number of deaths are to be attributed, 
in the first place, to the extreme neeli- 
gence and want of attention in the 
parents themselves, to avoid all com- 
munication with other families ; and, in 
thie ‘sécond, to their not having all the 
ehildren of the same neighbourhood 
inoculated at the same time. 

“Tt may be'as well a point of curiosity 
as of interest to notice the practice of 
inoculation in Turkey, prior to its intro- 
duction in England. Ina letter by Lady 
Mary W. Montague, dated “ Adriano- 
ple, Aptil Ist; 0.8. 1718/7? we find! 
“The smuall-pox, so fatal and so general 
among ws, is here entively harmless, by 
the invention of ingratting, which is the 
term they give it- There is a’set of old 

Montrity Mac, No. 368. 


417 


women who make it their business to 
perform the operation every autumn, in 
the month of September, when the 
great heat is abated. People send to 
one another to know if any of the 
family has a mind to have the small- 
pox: they make parties for this pur- 
pose; and, when they are met (com- 
monly fifteen or sixteen together,) the 
old woman comes with a nut-shell full 
of the matter of the best sort of small- 
pox, and asks what vein yon please to 
have opened. She immediately rips 
open that you offer to her with a large 
needle, and puts into the vein as much 
matter as can lie upon the head of her 
needle, and after that binds up the little 
wound with a hollow bit of shell.” 
The practice here, it will be observed, 
is adopted by consent of parties, and 
no child remains in the same district to 
have the disease in the natural way. 
If it were practicable to vaccinate, 
every child under six months old, it 
would be found unnecessary to offer any 
other means than that of vaccination, 
in order to exterminate that ten-fold 
plague, the small-pox. It may be 
asked, then, how is it that so many 
cases of natural small-pox have occur- 
red in the constitutions said to have re- 
ceived effectually the cow-pock ?’ This 
question admits of an easy and satisfac- 
tory explanation, and may be referred 
to one or other of the following causes: 
ist. To a want of experience in the 
medical profession generally at the com- 
mencement of vaccination: the disease 
being entirely new in the human constitu- 
tion, what peculiarities of it rendered the 
practice unsuccessful was then unkrowa. 
2ndly. To the practice of vaccination 
not being confined to the medical world, 
but practised by unskilfnl hands, and who 
can have no correct knowledge either of 
the healthy functions or diseased actions 
of the body. ( 
3rdly. To there being two kinds of cow- 
pock, a local and a constitutional one ; the 
former producing a pustule, and subse- 
quently a mark on the arm, without-con- 
stitutional fever; by which-means the indi- 
vidual is still liable to;receive the :small- 
pox. hive 
Of failure from this latter cause,a re- 
markable instance has occurred in my 
practice. Five children were vacci- 
nated in one family, twelve years. ago, 
by a professional gentleman ; the pock 
on the arm, in each of them, presented 
its regular and progressiye stages ; fuur 
suffered from restlessness and fever, but 
the fifth was entirely free from any con- 
stitutional complaint. In the month of 
3 i March 


418 


March last this cliild »received the 
small-poxein itsifull character;iand re- 
covered 5: the otherschildren were &x- 


posed day and night to the; contagion,’ 


during tie whole course of:the disease, 
and were notimany degree affected by 
it. Another family:(one that I repeat- 
edly solicited to vaccinate ogratui- 
tously,anditwasatlength peremptorily 
refused) of) five children, living under 
the same roof, received the coatavion 
from this child: and the whole of them 
laboured) under: the -confluent: small- 
pox, which proved fatal to two. chil- 
dren, and/a third lost the sight of one 
CY Alive gn 

Itappears; then, that the small-pox 
is peculiarly destructive to the human 
race;' and, instead of the number of 
deaths being decreased, as was in- 
tended by the practice of inoculation, 
they ‘have been increased, by the 
causes before alluded to, in the pro- 
portion of nearly one-fourth ; that, by 
the present system of vaccination, also, 
some children receive an effective, and 
othersa defective form of the disease, 
in which latter case the small-pox has 
repeatedly occurred; and, in conse- 
quence, many parents deny its preven- 
tive ‘influence, and altogether refuse 
its adoption, leaving their children to 
the hazard of receiving the natural 
smallpox. 

It would be well that the legislative 
authority co-operate with the universal 
desire of the people to exterminate the 
natural small-pox, (for I may pre- 
sume that no parents can wish to 
subject their children at any time to so 
dreadful a calamity,) and let it be 
enacted : 

ist, That every child, before it attain 
the age of six months, be either vaecinated 
or inoculated ; and, at such time within 
that period as may be deemed, by a régu- 
lar practitioner in medicine, most favoura- 
ble to the patient. 

and, That it be the duty of the profes- 
sion generally to urge the practice of vac- 
cinalion in the first instance; and, if it 
meet not the parents’ approbation, then to 
inoculafe, ; 

3rd. That'in many instances, where the 
parents object to, and deny the preventive 
inflaeuce of cow-pock, it. may be found 
practicable to vaccinate, and the disease 
haying, taken its proper course, then to 
“jnocniate the same individual, and, put the 
case to a decisive test of its merit, and that 
it be menmbent on the profession to adopt 
this mode of practice in every family that 
is not perfectly, satisfied with the cow- 

4ib, ‘That every individual, who has not 


Mr, Asbury’s Plan to exterminate the Naturat, Small-pox, [Sine % 


receiveda-proper medical, education, bey 
prohibited {rom practising, either vaceina-: 
tion or-inocwation.,)i;0% bese ede bide 
5th, That itbe the duty,of every practie, 
tioner ,to keep, ajournal, and note the 
progressive stages, .of yaccination, ) with 
proper dates to them,.as welljas.the name, 
of every; child) he -may)|; vaccinate; the: 
names, residence, and employ, (if apy) iof; 
its parents ; and that he also, render aa any 
nual report of them. to the\committee: of 
the Royal Jennerian Society. % srsisonaol. 
6th. That. a Committee, of \the Royal; 
Jennerian Society be appointedy m order, 
to receive the annual. reports of-all,praetir, 
tioners in England and. Wales,jand «to, 
register them according to the ,charagters: 
that have presented. themselves.in each in- 
dividual case. ix 33.02 
7th. That the minister of every )pavishy. 
and every dissenting minister, make,, or, 
cause to be made out, a quavterly, list,ef 
the children baptized, with;the names, 7re- 
sidence, and employ_of the parents, and 
that such list be presented quarterly to the 
select vestry, or appointed comiilittee of 
that parish, in which the ministers severally 
reside, , “IIresS 
8th. That the ministers of such conegE- 
gations, whose religious tenets do not ad- 
mit of infant baptism, make, or cause "to 
be made ont, a quarterly list of birtlis from 
their registers, and that stich list be pre 
sented quarterly to the select vestry, oF 
committee. of the parish in which; sach 
congregations are held. fOLTONM 
9th. That every medical. practitioner 
present to the select vestry, or eomnuttec 
of the parish in which he resides, a. quars 
terly list of all the children he may have 
vaccimated or inoculated, with the name of 
each child, aid names of its parents, their 
employ, and residence, * ioninis 
10th. That it be a part of the dnty ofa 
select vestry, (and in parishes having’ no 
select vestry, that a committee be ap 
pointed,) to receive the qnarterly lists of 
baptisms and births, as well'as the-lists of 
children vaccinated or inoculated from the 
medical practitioners; and that they com- 
pare such lists, in order to ascertain what 
children, within their parish, have.not re- 
ceived protection from tke natnral small- 
pox ; and, in default of sueh protecting in- 
fluence, to adopt such measures as may be 
deemed by them most suitable to the ac- 
complishment of that end. i (wc 
41th. That the removal, within the ‘pe- 
riod of six months from its birth; of‘ any 
child from ‘the parish in whieh ithas ‘been 
baptized, will appear to the select vestry, 
or committee, on engniry, afteh an; @xami- 
nation of the lists presented to; them; and 


o 


that: they report! 1dothe select! vestry,) or 


Gonimittee ‘of the parish: too whieh:othe 
childemay2beremoved} the arrival ofdsuch 

éhild Hiableto the natural isniallspoxurseih 
12th.‘ That, if any symptoms of small- 
pox 


18223} \ 


pox occarina child thathas ‘lieen) vacci- 
nated; the parents':ow guardians ‘of/ such: 
child ‘shall send forthwith !to' @ ‘medical 
‘practitioner, ‘and’ that °he ‘attentively 
watch the case fron beginning to end,and 
répott itscharacter, the peculiarities of the 
child’s constitution; andthe name, with the 
naies°aso of ‘the: parents, their: employ 
and residence, tothe ‘committee of the 
Royal Jenneriai Society. 

‘4 3th! Lhat the committee of the Royal 
Jennerian Society publish an annual re- 
port of all-the children vaccinated in Eng- 
land'and Wales, and of the number after- 
ward tested) by inoculation, and with 
what ‘effect; and of every case, also, 
if Which any symptoms of natural small- 
pox shiallliave occurred after vaccination ; 
so that the public may have abundant 
proof of the efficacy of cow-pock, in the 
prevention generally, and mitigation uni- 
versally; of the smiail-pox. 

“Silver-street, Enfield ; May 1822. 


— 


YH For the Monthly Magazine. 
vy! PROPOSED: NEW LAWS of MOTION. 


PANHE. Author of the NEW PHILO- 
4 sory is printing eight supple- 
mentary. pages on the mechanical 
egauses.of Gazcous Elasticity, of Con- 
dueting Power, and of the Phenomena 
of Magnetism; and has also introduced 
anew series: of Principles or Laws of 
MOTION. The latter are submitted to 
theopublic: at large, and a comparison 
mvited ‘with the Laws published by 
Descartes, and adopted by Newton. 
°'The following are submitted as 
Laws of Morion more consonant with 
reason and nature than the proposi- 
tiens hitherto so called. 
1, Matter meyer originates its own 
motion. 
2.\Aikmotion acquired by one body 

is «thes (result of. motion transilerred 
fromsomelother moving body or bodies. 
8: Al motion lost by one. body. is 
#ransferred to ‘some other body er 
bodies. 

“4. In the Material Universe no mo- 
ion is created or Jost, but isin a éon- 


fi 
tinued state of transfer, and thereby 
produces material changes, or phe- 
DODDS iy) fo 
») Action is the transferring of ,mo- 
tion from the, agent to, the,patient. 


o* Questions relative oto.°the «primary 
origin’ of) mbtiow are Jike ‘these which re- 
Yate ‘tothe drivin! of | theo world, and: of 
Wigamired existénces Neither seemtoobe 
‘iwithiw ee ee the 
discussion |\ofititem/rendets reasowin g |ridi - 


‘Hamer to tniotacury ts 1s 


\¢ Proposed: New: Laws of Motions 


“Hates with" avoig 
} Bt 


419 

6. Re-action is the receiving of mo- 
tion bysthe patient from the agent. 

~% Actiom and re-action are there- 
fore convertible terms, and in fact ne- 
cessarily equal. 

§. Every body continues in motion 
till itchas) parted with its motion to 
other bodies: 

9. Parting: with: motion is effected 
by impinging, or by contact. 

10. Resistance sis the parting: with 
motion to the atoms of a fluid or’solid, 
through which the moving body passes, 
and is proportional to the density and 
the cohesion or viscidity of the patient. 

11. Friction is the parting with mo- 
tion by continuous :contact,; and is 
proportioned: to; the number: of ‘atoms 
of the agent which are opposed to the 
atoms of the patient. = 

12. Quantity of motion, or momen- 
tum, is the velocity multiplied bythe 
number of atoms moved. ae 

13. Impulse of motion is the transfer 
of motion, either by contact, ior by, the 
intervention of aJever, ; 

14. All motion: received iby impulse 
is in the direction of the impulse: « 

Definition. —The matter which»lies be- 
tween a body moving, and one .moved,, is 
called a lever; and levers, may, consist 
either of fixed, or of fluid, or of gazeous 
matter. ; 


culous, But it does not follow that, be- 
cause the author does not affect to deter- 
mine the origin of motion, that therefore 
certain known motions are not the) cause 
of material phenomena. generally, more 
than that as it is not pretended by sober 
philosophers, to determine the, origin; of 
things, that therefore nothing exists. _Phi- 
losophy treats only of proximate causes. 
It may. ascend from cause to cause, but 
its investigations aré not to be impeached 
because it does not ascend from great cause 
to greater, or from great motions to greater, 
till it comes into contact with, the pri- 
mary source of all causes and all existence. 
‘The observations on, atomic Phenomena, 
on atomic motion, and on the formation of 
various bodies, leads howeyer to a -Ques- 
tion not unworthy of consideration, but 
which it is not affected to determine — 
Whether the motion which affects. material 
existences orizinates with atoms oi with 
aggregatis, that is, with the’ siia'lest  boilies 
or the lurgest?—The question is stated be- 
cause it exemplies the importance df duly 
considering atomi¢ motion, liflierto disre- 
garded ; but the author inclines {e'thitk, 
that masses are’ uni ersally the patients of 
Atoinic ‘motion, ‘and’ that’ ‘nidtion origi- 
2, Whatever be’ ‘the’ pri- 
ses Of thiety own'potions, 

15. Leveis 


in 
mary Cause of ¢ 


420 


15. Levers offixdt) niattertransfer 
the entire impulse “of ‘the! agent;-and 
the resulting velocity of the patient to 
that of the agent is as their, number of 
atoms... my a 

16. Gazeous or, fluid leyers,.in pro- 
pagating or conveying the motion or 
impulse of the agent, radiate or diffuse 
it, and the momentum is. therefore at 
different distances inversely as the 
‘squares of the distances. 

17. Through both’ species of lever 
dhe direction of the motion acquired 
by the patient is the direction of the 
simultaneous motion of the agent. 

(lustrations —1.° Through a gazeous or 
fluid medium any impulse is diffused im an 
hemisphere, the, centre of which is the line 
of the direction'of the impulse, and all 
bodies and atoms within the hemisphere 
‘are affected directly in the proportion of 
their bulks, and inversely as the squares of 
theif distances. In a fixed lever the whole 
force of the agent is directed to the pa- 
tient, but in‘a gazeous or fluid lever, the 
force is scattered through the hemisphere 
and affects all bodies within, according to 
the above law.’ “But action and re-action, 
or transfering and receiving motion, are 
equal in every instance, 

2. If two bodies be fastened to'the two 
ends of a fixed lever, and a curvilinear or 
rectilinear motion be given to one end, 
the motion of the other end will respec- 
tively be curvilinear or rectilinear; and, 
in like manner, in a gaseous or fluid lever, 
the suecessive directions of the motion of 
the agent will determine the directions of 
the motions of the patient. 

3. If in either species of lever the mo- 
ving body be made to move inva circle, the 
size of the circle of the agent will be to 
that of the patient, in fixed levers, in- 
versely as the quantities of matter in the 
two, bodies, and in gaseous or fluid levers 
inversely as the squares of the quantities 
of matter. ‘Thus,-if the bodies are 1 and 
3; in one case the circles or their diame- 
ters will be as 1 to 3; but in the other 
case as 1 to 9; which last is the law go- 
-verning the motions and orbits of the 
planetary bodies ini the gascous levers 
‘existing between the sun and them, them 

‘dnd their satellites, and one atiother. ' 
mW ‘COMMON SENSE. 
For the Monthly Magazine. 

NEWS FROM PARNASSUS. 

NQ-oEMIM >, wl ¢ hasosl, 
MAY-DAY with» the) MUSES; by: ROBERT 

BLOOMFIEEDj author of ithe Earmer’s 

Boys? Rural Fales,;” Fe, 2) 104 

HIS little work présents itself to 
our eye like’ a friend, whé,‘long 


-Neabs from Paurndistts;\Now XPABRS 


[June 1, 


absentiaind almost forgotten, appears 


unexpectedly before us.¢orod lolly. 
There’ are ‘sonie:qualities:which Mr. 
‘Bloomfield possesses! iman: eminent de- 


‘gréé, and to: which amucly of his suecess 


is to be ascribed; we alludestosthat 
earnest simplicity, and, ifsitamayibe so 
expressed, | that straight forward, and 
candid dealing with his. reader, which 
establishes between them asperfectiun- 
derstanding and community of feeling. 
There is nothing like ‘affectation'to 
revolt our feelings; no assumption of 
style or subject beyond his real and 
acknowledged powers, to expose him 
to defeat and ridicule. uds. OF 
The poem under our consideration 
opens with an invocation to Spring; 
and we are then introduced to: Sir 
Ambrose Higham, of Oakley Hall, 
who— wad? 
In his eightieth year, "’ 
With memory unimpair’d, and conscience 
clear, oil 
His English heart untrammell’d, and full 
blown yb wel 
His senatorial honours:and renown; |) 
Now, basking in his plenitude of fame, , 
Resolv’d, in concert with his noble dame, 
To drive to town no more, ems 


In short, to give up his seat in Par- 
liament,—a very proper step: at,bis 
time of Jife,—and to spend the remnant 
of his days on his own estate! |» To, this 
wise resolution, the baronet subjoins 
another, the good sense of which jis 
somewhat-more questionable; however 
that may be, the determination:is made 
that he will Q» 
be just and generous in-time, 
And bid his tenants pay their rents in 

rhyme; ; ' 
For one half year they shall— 

This is a startling proposition ; and 
the author, accordingly, seems to be 
aware that the critics, and eSpetially 
the political economists, will take’np 
the question warmly : he therefore ‘insi- 
nuates, in his preface, that aman has 
a right to do what he likes with his own 
estate.. : phil ta sa 

It is old May-day, and is, as it ought 
to be, a beautiful morning. | The pre- 
parations for the feast in Oakley-park 
are busy.and abundant, and the enjoy- 
ment, is hearty. and full, Aw whaini- 
mous pledge goes round to the’ health 


mh 


of “Sir Ambrose Higham, and his no- 
“ble race;” after which we wait forthe — 


peasant who will be hardy ehottith first 


“to. pull out his portfolid, instead of Bis 


purse, and make us Yawful’ téndtt “of 
his 


1822.) 


Ais‘rent innotes, for:the utterance’ of 
which, however bad they may be, and 
lhowever much: the bard may desérve, 
at’ Teast; a critical» catastrophe, ‘he 
“stands:in ‘no\ jeopardy of the Bank 
' directors, 
¢ JThis:audacious rustic: at last: stands 
forward: in the person: of Philip, “‘a 
/ farmer’s son, well known for song,” 
who:<¢compounds for a certain large 
sum of lawful money current in Great 
Britam, with the history of ‘‘The 
‘Drunken Father.” This payment is 
bmade in a kind of small change, which 
‘is' necessarily, on that account, the 
more abundant in quantity; and we 


must confine ourselves, therefore, to an © 


analysis of the substance, and to a spe- 
cimen or two:of the best impressions. 


Poor Ellen married Andrew Hall, 
Who dwells beside the moor, 
Where yonder rose-tree shades the wall, 
»») And woodbines grace the door. 
Who does not know how blest, how lov’d, 
Were her mild langhing eyes, 
By every youth; but Andrew prov’d 
Unworthy of his prize. 
In tippling was his whole delight, 
ch sign-post barr’d his way ; 
He spent in muddy ale at night 
«©The wages of the day. 
“Tho” Ellen still had charms, was young, 
' /"nd*he in manliood’s prime, 
©(She’sad beside her cradle sung, 
entcAnd:sigh’d away her time. 
* One céld bleak night the stars were hid, 
’ In vain she wish’d him home ; 
‘Her children cried, half cheer’d, half chid, 
“Oh when will father come?” 
*Till Caleb, nine years old, upsprung, 
And kick’d his stool aside, 
And younger Mary round him clung, 
“Vil go, and you shall guide.” 


The children proceed to seek their 
_reprobate father, and find him, without 
_ fail, at the public-house, in a very com- 

fortable state of intoxication. Andrew 
_is nota bad-hearted man, and musters 
_ his senses to accompany his children 
“home; but his drink has made him 
conceited and fantastical. He taxes 
the little ones, with their unsteady 
gait, and is wroth with the ditches that 
are, always exactly in his way. He 
brings them at last to the brink of the 
imillpool, where he drops the lantern 
into the stream ; and the party is left 
helpless ayid bewildered, on the brink 
of danger. Me y miller hears their 
ories, and condyets them safely home. 
The, next. morning, Lilen makes a 


Bloomfield’ s, May-Day with the Muses. 


421 


moving and» effectual appeal to her 
husband’s feelings + ; 


“Dear Andrew, hear me,—tho’ distress’d 
Almost too much to speak,— ; 
This infant staryes upon my breast : 
To scold I am too weak, 


“¥ work, I spin, I toil all day, 
Then leave my work to cry ; 

And start with horror when I think 
You wish to see me die. 


“ But do you wish it? Can that bring 
More comfort, or more joy? 

Look round the house,—how destitute ! 
Look at your ragged boy! : 


“That boy should make a father proud, 
If any feeling can ; 

Then save your children, save your wife, 
Your honour as a man, 


“ Hear me, for God’s sake! hear me now, 
And act a fathe?’s part!”— 

The culprit bless’d her angel tongue, 
And clasp’d her to his heart; 


And would have vaw’d; and’ would ‘have 
sworn, 
But Ellen kiss’é hiny dumb :—= 
“ Exert your mind, vow to-yourself; 
And better days will come. 


“¢T shall be well when you'are kind, 
And you'll be better too.”— ' 

“Yl! drink no more,” hie quick rejoin’d 
“ Be’t poison if I do.” 


From that bright day, his plants, his flowers, 
His crops, began to thrive, 

And for three years has Andrew been 
The soberest maw alive, 


? 


Weare of opinion that Philip is en- 
titled to a receipt. in full, and that he 
has dealt fairly and honestly with good 
Sir Ambrose in this particular. 

Our eye is next caught by a sturdy 
gentleman in green, who-rises ‘in act 
to speak,” and who turns out to be the 
‘Oakley gamekeeper. ‘He ought to be 
sensible of the danger of sporting off 
his own manor, and we trust that he is 
not about to turn poacher, and to tres- 
pass on this new ground without a 
regular licence... As the game, how- 
ever, is already. flushed, and. he has 
taken a steady,aim, let us see how the 
gamekeeper brings.duwn his bird. 

The \ Forester, 
Born in a dark wood’s Ienely dell, 

Where echoes roat’d, and tendrils eurl’d, 
Round a low cot, like hérmit’s cell, 

Old Salcey Forest:was my world. 

I feltno bonds, no,shackles, then, 

For life in freedom was begun; 
I glovied in the exploits of men, 

And learnt to litt my father’s gun. — 

O what 


422 


Wild.as a woodbine'up:I grew}: 
Soon in his feats I bore aspart;: —/ 
_ And counted alljthe game lie slew: 
L Jearn’d the wiles, the shifts; the calls; 
The language of each living thing; 
I mark’d the hawk that darting falls, 
Or station’d_spreads)the trembling wing. 
I mark’d the owl that silent flits, 
The hare:that feeds at eventide, 
The upright rabbit, when he sits 
And mocks you, ’ere he deigns to hide. 
Theard the fox. bark through the night, 
I saw the rooks depart at morn, 
I saw the wild deer dancing light, 
And heard the hunter’s cheering horn. 
Mad with delight, I roam’d around, 
From morn.to eve throughout the year, 
But still, *snidst all Tsonght or found, 
My favourites were the spotted deer ; 
The elegant, the branching brow, 
“Phe doe’s clean limbs and eyes of love ; 
The fawn as white as mountain snow, 
Phat glanced through fern, and brier, 
van grove: 
°"'Phe’ ranger ‘then describes, in a 
striking way, the falk of an immense 
dak,.and the curiosity of the deer, who 
gather round it to survey the ruin, 
andj!as'“it Were, to deplore its over- 
throw.'-'This inquisitive disposition is 
@ strong feature in the natural history 
ofthat beautiful: animal, and seems to 
besicommon to the different species. 
In the expedition of Capt. Parry, men- 
tion is made of a rein-deer, that fol- 
lowed a party on an inland excursion 
for a considerable distance, and gam- 
bolled round them, till driven away by 
the discharge of their fowling-pieces. 
From every lawn, and copse, and glade, 
The timid deer in squadrons came, 
And circled round their fallen shade, 
With all of language but its name, 
Astonishment and dread withheld 
‘The fawn and doe of tender'ycars, 
But soon.a triple civele swell’d, 
With rattling horns and twinkling ears. 


Some‘in his root’s deep ’cavern heus’d, 

And seem’d to learn and muse, and teach, 
Or on his. topmost foliage brows’; 

That hadtor centuries mock’d theirreach, 

And with.a few. sentiments, rather 
too fine fora gaimekeeper, end, withal, 
a little trite,.the greenwood guardian 
sums up his contribution, which'is ac- 
cepted as a-suficient equivalent. 

But what ‘are we ‘to say to’ John 
Armstrong, the shepherd, with whose 
primitive appearance we are grlatly 
pleasédissrmsd unk tveq sonsrever finns 

— = Seatity locks'of erey! 
Edged roand’a hat ‘that seein"d.to anieck 
decay ; ‘ 


) News from Pav nussusy Noi XVUTS 
Q-what-a joy it gave my heart#0o a | 


[June a; 


‘ 


Its loops, its batids, were from the: pure 
BEGEyd sono i0 Lis o1997 ydooin yniAae 
Spun on the hills im silencesand in’ peace... 
A staff he Dore, caved round with. birds) 
and flowers, 1 ou hi 
The hietoglyphics of Nis leisure hours; >” 
And rough-form’d animals of various name, 
Not just like Bewick’s, but. they meant 
the same, nile OwT 


' , ’ 
. buswens odogend 900 
We do not doubt that John’s inten-: 
tion, in that matter, was good; as well: 
as in the verses which follow, ‘called, 
the Shepherd's Dream, or Fairies Mas- 
querade, but he seems to-ns.to have 
got upon wrong ground. “At the first 
glance, his vision was altogether unin- 
telligible to us, till we found, to our 
surprize, that itis an allegory. of the. 
Russian expedition, the burning . of, 
Moscow, the fall of Bonaparte, and, 
the present state of France. ‘This, to. 
our taste, is ‘very unpleasant, anda, 
violation of that modest propriety, and. 
suitable choice of subjects, for which, 
we have before bestowed praise upon, 
the poet. The versification, we allow, 
is pretty. In spite of this, John Arm. 
strong, we fear, has not brought us, an: 
article that will pass current ;,and our, 
. id . > ato . ’ 
sentence is, that he either pay down, 
his arrears to Lady-day, in metal. of, 
the new mintage, or return, to his flock, 
upon the hills, aud set his heart. to ins 
dite some new matter, which may be, 
: ov ; mits 
better worthy of Sir Ambrose’s, accep, 
tance. yoda sco 
An old soldier, broken in the Penin., 
sular wars, then rises to deseribe his, 
sensations on his return to his mative 
vale, and goes through his poetical 
evolutions with considerable credit. 
But what an hour was that, when from the main 
1 reacl’d this lovely valley once again! 
A glorious harvest filld my eager sight, 
Half shock’d, half waving ina flood offight; 
On that poor cottiave-roof where Lwas bern, 
The sun look'd down, as in Wi@’s early Worns" 8% ) 
1 gazed arouid, but nota soul appeardseo4 
[ Jistewd on the tbhreshold,—nothing heard. —__ 
I call’d my father thrice, but no oae eames) 7) O 1 
lc was hot fear or grief that slicok my frainé,) | 
Bat an o’erpowering sense of pedve anid beme, 
OF toils gone by, perhaps of juys to come. : 
The dcor invaingiy stood open wide, 100 7 
I sliook my dust, and’set my staff wside 7°" 
How sweet it wasito breathe that cooler ait; ©! 
And take possession of iy fathers chair b™ 
Beneath uy elbawy, ion the solid frames 
Appeord the rough initials ofmy Aue, ff 
Cut a years Uefore ) the siuile olibaloskun two | 
Struck the sume Vell) and gave my Nearly w shee © 
I never cat forvet.' SA short breeze sprnnuyo? 96) Vel 
And while a sighowas trembling on any orgies ot 
Caught the chidanelinmalmanacks Letiinuy 90's 2 
And apthey flew, like bmimers'inthe « 191 WT 
Then gently, singlyy downy; doen, doenyptey went; 7 
Aud told oftarenty yours) that-T iad Spevtie ig doy eit 
Far from my native Thuibsstlvat instaneeamenns 10 
A robia on tie thresholds the? so taness e oan id 10 
At first Ge look’d distrustfalalaosrshg7 yd of LA 
Aud cast onome life cowUblack Stedil fulk eyesoe? bod 


And seein’ 'o say, (pstottjendshi Nene y} 0 
“Ab hal alg Pate mill pitinld ui? 
* . * s 7 


bel 


But 


18225} 


But bere was peace, thut peace whichshome can yields, 

PRO brake tne : ef ahneacoumie e field, oy 

one ticking ek ee all pote become 
he-substitutes fer-chuion, fife, adddrum. yo mq 2 

White Ke a mused, still gazing, gazing stil, 5. 

Beds oF moss thint spread the window sill, 

1 deem’d no moss my eyes had ever seen; (i's 


Had been sojoxely, baiiant, fleshy and green, i 

And gheéss’d soine infant hand had placed it there, 

fu fzed! its htue,—so exquisite, 80 rare.’ ‘ 
jem you wud 2 #2 st] > * 


Two shadows then I saw, two voices héard, 
Oue bespoke age, and one,achild appear’d,— 
Inistepp my father, with cotrvul-ive start, 
io Jv &h-instent-clasp’d me to his heart. 


xe by him stood. a little blue-ey’d maid, 

Ani} stooping to the child, the old man said, 
*<Coute hithery,Nancy, kiss me once again; 
This is your uncle Charles, come home from Spain :” 
Thé-ehil@approach’d, and with her fingers light, 
Stroked,my old eyes, almost-deprived of sight. 

But why thus spin my tale, thus tedious be? 

Hiippy old soldiex! Rhine's the world to me? 

“Phe old soldier, we think, makes his 
rétreat in sood order, and with flying 
colouts,, In the next instance, it 
gtieves,us' to be again called upon, as 
a'leatned judée once expressed it, to 
temper mércy with justice. Poor Ro- 
samiond, ‘a sick girl, betrothed to Phi- 
lip, is prevailed upon, by his injudi- 
cidts cntreatics, to volunteer a copy 
of veyses, called a Song of Hope, which 
weé cannot allow to go, in any degree, 
in‘réduction of Sir Ambrose’s claim for 
retit-atrear, if any such there be. We 
peat y to be under the necessity of 
iss 1s fais hardly with a female, and 
sic 1 é, t00; but we trust that her 
2) gm partiality exposed her to 
this WABHiRCAtiOn’ will have magnani- 
tility €nduely to take the debt upon his 
own shoulders, and to discharge it 
esther in'specie orin rhyme. The re- 
maining candidate for poetical honours 
is ‘an’old yeoman, who narrates a tale 


Bloonyfield’s: MayDay with the Muses. 


473 
of his domestic: life,» whiclyopessesses 
much interest, 'and>is: very pleasingly 
told. It relates: tova beautiful daugh- 
ter, whois throw, in’ her infaney, into, 
the societyiot:a boy of higher rank and 
fortune: than: her! own, but blind from 
his births “A mutual “passion is con 
tracted) the? effect ‘of Which on the 
sightless youth; dis! well) depieted ; and, 
after overcoming some formal: difficul- 
ties, they ‘are‘at last united. Yf our 
pages admitted of further extracts; we. 
should be at no loss to find materials of 
a very agreeable nature, in this pretty. 
little poem. 
And now we have arrived at the end 
of the rent-roll; and the venerable 
Lady Higham, in the very dress which 
she wore sixty years before on her bridaf 
day, comes from the mansion to accom- 
pany the baronet home. Her worthy 
spouse addresses his faithful. tenantry 
in plain. but affectionate, terms; and 
acquaints them with his intention of 
sending their respective productions to 
press— Wists 
The world shall see them; why should «I 
refrain ? Wits 

’ Tis all the produce of my own domain,” ; 
In this resolution, we hold Sir Am4 
brose to be perfectly justifiable; and 
we take a civil leave of him} in’ full 
confidence that the result of this Maye 
day, or rent-day, of the’ Muses; ‘will 
equally conduce to the! emolument:of 
the baronet. and the fame of his teriants, 
or, which is much about! the same 
thing, to those of our old and valued 
friend, Mr. Bloomficid. if 


ORIGINAL POETRY. 


THE GIANT’S CAUSEY. 
(From. Mr. Thelwail's Manuscript Epic 
Poem, The Wop2 of Albion.” ) 


WOW might I onthe wond'rons scenes dilate 
Thro’ which our navy stcer’d: the Glant’s toil 

By Fairhead and the Robogdian promontory— 

Enormous pile columinar—the wreck 

Of that colossal causeway erst that join’d 

Erin to Caledonia; till the waves, 

Indiznant ef such barrier, burst amain 

Their interdictad, way, and strew’a the const, 

And strew'd the ocean-be:l with fragments huge 

Of more than morts] architecture : here 

Toweripg in many an awful mass, and there 

Theseap and onuprootable bases, shorn 

By the vex’d waye,-like a,descending floor 

Of massy slabs hexagonal, outstrerch’d 

In slope expanse wards the opposing shore; 

Where St ada’ dale, intowering piide, upiifts, 

From su/h immovable foundation reard 

1ts yet uishaken halls—mocking the gone 

Of humaw architraves,yat-prouden stil 

Of Fingal’s plonions waite >—hero rever’d 

Alike by Eriy and by Caledon). (5). i 

And fam’ alike thro’ each 'in-Ossinn’s song. 
On Erin’y side of this gigantic toil 

Fuil many « fearful caverii seaward yawns 


1 


—sr— 


By many a rough sear fene’d, o'er which the waves 


-Of the vex’d ocean, when-condicting winds ../) 


Oppose his onward tide, impetuons roar, 
Till foam and spray; thsurgent to the height 
Of the o’erbeething cliffs, obscure the airy: (fy) \// 
And sea and sky are mingled. But when smooth 
(As for our prosperous;voyage) from tlrase cavesito © 
The sea-nympbs off, with more than mortal sng, 
Make veeal the charm’d echoes, and easnare  ~ 
(So rans the legend) with thei? syrénl spell. 1 
‘Lhe unwary mariner. who loitering dies | 49 )\')) 
The entiane’d soul flitting thro’ his ravish’d ears. 
And'sich sweet'songItheatd. But Sure tome 
The strain that from those eayerns,.o’en the auooth 
And favonring wave, stole on the summer breeze, 
Was of no evil omens but Sti sweet) 1 ee 
Rings in remem brance—it prophetic strainy, son ye 


re) 


That scem’d to, charm the wild waves of their rage, 

And dimple the green billows! witli new smiles t')° 

And thee the nymph who sung a.vision|seem’d || 

But of benignant joy. . Pe rie . 

2 rs ESD On! ve fir ; ton 4 Jatiy’s 
nd prosp: rons our rove eseave steer’, 

Till Staffa’s wondrtots AN aPH SSE full'in view, 

With awful reverence past. And, pastalike 

Full many a rocky islet) thiekebesprint. 

Along the ragged coast, our welcome keel 

Touu’s sucre ‘isle atlengt att jas. 


ON 


424 


ON THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PASSIONS 
BY DR. FREE. 
Say, Love, for what good end design’d, 
Wert thou to mortals giv’n? 
Was it to fix on earth the mind, 
Or raise the heart to heay’n? 


Deladed oft we still pursue 
' The fleeting bliss we sought, 
As children chase the bird in view, 
That’s never to be caught. 


O! who shall teach me to sustain 
A more than manly part? 

To go thro’ life, nor suffer pain 
Nor joy to touch my heart. 


Thou, blest Indifference, be my guide, 
I court thy gentle reign ; 

When Passion turns my steps aside, 
Still call me back again. 


Teach me to see thro’ Beauty’s art, 
How oft its trappings hide 

A base, a lewd, a treacherous heart, 
With thousand ills beside. 


Nor let my gen’rous soul give way 
Too much to serve my friends; 
Let reason still control their sway, 

And show where duty ends. 


Tf to my lot.a wife should fall, 
May friendship be our love ; 
The passion, that is transport all, 

Does seldom lasting prove. 


If lasting, *tis too great for peace, 
The pleasure’s so profuse ; 

The heart can never be at ease, 
Which has too much to lose. 


Calm let me estimate this life, 
Which I must leave behind ; 
Nor let fond passion raise a strife, 

To discompose my mind. 


When Nature calls, may I steal by. 
As rising from a feast ; 

I’ve had my fill of life, and why 
Should I disturb the rest? 


—<_ 


ON THE CORONATION. 
Written by a Young Gentleman at West- 


minster School. 
To mount their throne, here monarchs bend their 


way, 
O’er pavements where their predecessors lay. 
Ye sons of empire! who in pompous hour, 
Attend to wear the cumb’rous robe of power, 

n ye proceed along the shonting way, 
Think, there’s a second visit still to pay ; 
And when in state on buried kings you tread, 
While swelling robes sweep o’er th’ imperial dead, 
While like a god your worship’d eyes move round, 
Think bore oh! think, you walk on treach’rous 

ground: 

Tho’ firm the checquer’d pavement seems to be, 
7F will surely open, and give way for thee! 
While crowding Lords address their duties near, 
Th’ anointin Prelate, and the kneeling Peer; 
While with obsequious diligence they bow, 
And spread their careful honours o’er thy brow ; 
While the high-rais’d spectators shout around, 
And the long aisles and vaulted roofs resound ;— 
Then snatch a sudden thought, an’ turn thy head: 
From the loud living to the silent dead, 


Original Poetry. 


[June 1, 


With conscious eye, the neighb’ring tombs survey, 

Those will instruct thee, better far than they; 

What now thou art, in yon gay homage see, 

But these best show what thou wilt surely be. 
— 


TOLERANCE, 
ReviLE not those whoditi’sent paths pursue, 
Yet thirst as much for sacred truth as you; 
Their’s may be wrong, and want a clearer 
light, 
Or yonr’s the error, and ’tis they are right ; 
Or both mistaken. Judgment is too weak : 
What shall decide where reason cannot 
speak? x 
—— 
TO LADY INGLEBY, 
ON HER MARRIAGE; 
BY MISS CAPP. 
Witt Ripley's lady deign to hear 
A minstrel's song, which once was dear; 
When oft, in Darwin’s classic shades, 
She bade me woo th’ Roman maids, 
And tune my measure to the rill, 
Which softly, slowly, bubbles still. 
I would not give a venal lay 
To court the great, the rich, or gay ; 
But when my friends are rich and great, 
I'm poet still, and cannot hate. 
Tis hard for me, thou art not poor, 
I then were licens’d to adore ; 
And no crabb’d critic dare to say,— 
What, Zamza, court the rich and gay? 
I may not hate thee, lady dear,’ 
But, oh! ’twere death to be sincere ; 
Each grace of thine, extoll’d by me, 
Makes “ flatterer, flatter’d,” ‘tee and fee.” 
And those who well could brook such lay, 
Might from my temple rend the bay, 
With some poor epithet, to show 
How, like themselves, they deem me low. 
But thy kind heart and blameless mind, 
Will see the friend who dares be kind; 
Will know the poet of the bower, 
Who little recks of wealth or power, 
Compar’d with virtues suchas thine, 
To which she still had given a line, 
Had lowly fortune fix’d thy lot 
In some secluded peasant’s cot. 
Stockwell. 


—=—— 


LINES 
ADDRESSED TO A LADY. 
“Elle est toujours charmante....” 


Tuo’ Summer rage with scorching ray, 
And pour her fervid glories down; 
Tho’ Autumn strip the blooming spray, 
And Winter, with tempestuous frown, 
His cold rude bosom bare. 
Yet still shall Mira’s smile benign, 
Bid Summer's fragrant breezes blow ; 
Her social love, her charms divine, 
Shall make the languid bosom glow, 
. When Winter rules the year. 


Brompton Academy ; L. L. 
April 18, 1822. 


STEPHENSTIANA. 


1822.] 


{[ 425 ] 
Aj STEPHENSIANA. 


vidie aie a, cute BORON OV EB 


The late ALEXANDER STEPHENS, Esq. of Park House, Chelsea, devoted an active and 
well-spent life in the collection of Anecdotes of his contemporaries, dnd generally entered in a 
book the collections of the passing day ;—these collections we have purchased, and propose to 


present, a selection from. them to our readers, 


As Editur of the Annual Obituary, and many 


other biographical works, the Author may probubly have incorporated many of these scraps; 


but the gi 


neater part.are unpublished, and all stand alone as cabinet pictures of men and 


manners, worthy of a place in a literary miscellany. 


¢ site 3.9 j 

BONAPARTE, OSWALD, AND OSSIAN. 

KNEW the American Colonel 

Oswald. He resided in London 
between 1787 and 1790, and published 
an eloquent tract, called “the Cry of 
Nature,” the object of which was to ex- 
pose the cruelty of killing and eating 
animals. He was such an enthusiast 
in favour of liberty, that he went to 
Paris soon after the taking of the Bas- 
tille, and raised a corps of pikemen, in 
which his two sons were officers. In 
1794, when the ignorant ceuntry peo- 
ple of La Vendee were seduced by the 
arms and money of England, and led 
on by the arts of their priests and no- 
bles, to raise a civil war of extermina- 
tion, the zeal of Oswald carried him 
and his regiment among these barba- 
yous fanatics; ‘and in‘one of those 
bloody affairs, in which no quarter was 
given, this philosophical soldier and 
his two sons were slaughtered, fighting 
at the head of their regiment. 

This. catastrophe was not confirmed 
in England for three or four years, 
and, in the mean time, Bonaparte be- 
gan his career in Italy. - The first por- 
traits of him resembled Oswald, and 
several anecdotes accorded with Os- 
wald’s character. He was, in par- 
ticuiar, represented as devoted, like 
Oswald, to the study of Ossian,—an 
edition of which he was said to carry 
in his pocket. These circumstances 
led many persons to believe that 
Bonaparte was no other than Os- 
wald, under an assumed name; a 
pamphlet was published in proof of it, 
and the coincidence was believed, till 
Paoli and some Corsican relatives of 
Bonaparte came to England, and gave 
accounts of his family. Tio Ossian this 
great man continued attached through 
life: Ossian and Homer were his con- 
stant companions ; and when his car- 
riage was intercepted by the Prussians 
after ihe victory of Blucher, Bulow, 
and Wellington at Planchenoit and 
Mont St. Jean, a much-worn copy. of 
Ossian was found init. 

MontTHLY Maa, No, 368. 


—— 


THE TWO MARATS. 

Other actors in the French revolu- 
tion were also mistaken for other men. 
Thus a hundred books stated that 
Marat had travelled as an empiric in 
England ; but it afterwards turned out 
that the Marat who so travelled conti- 
nued to reside in Dublin, as a profes- 
sor of the French language, for many 
years after his name-sake had been 
assassinated. A literary gentleman, 
who had been very active in propaga- 
ting English stories of Marat, met this 
very person by accident at Dublin, 
seven years after the death of the 
apostle of liberty. 


LETTER OF DR. CAMPBELL TO LORD 
CARDROSS. 
My pear Lorp,—I return those’ 
two pamphlets you were so kind to 
lend me and my son. As tothe Rights 
of |the British Colonies, whatever the 
author’s motive might be in publishing 
it, he plainly, and in express words, 
gives up their cause on the basis upon 
which they have now put it; for he 
says that resisting the legislature of 
Great Britain in the colonies is high 
treason. The great point he labours 
is, that they ought to have representa- 
tives in Parliament. He does not per- 
ceive that this very notion subverts all 
his abstracted reasoning from the natu- 
ral rights of mankind. For, my lord, 
if they are to. be represented in Parlia- 
ment, this plainly’ supposes that they 
have no other right to their lands than 
what they derive from the, grants made 
them as British subjects, If I remem- 
ber right, some of their charters were. 
produced to the House of Comnions 
last sessions, in which express mention — 
was made, that they were to be subject 
to Acts of Parliament; and, if so, their 
right to their lands, and to all that they: 
possess, stands precisely upon the same 
foundation with the right of the British 
Parliament to tax them, as well as the 
other British subjects, wherever they 
are settled ; and indeed it seems to be 
3H apreposterous 


426 


a preposterous doctrine, that any should 
have the rights of British subjects 
without owing subjection to the British 
legislature. And thus I have expressed 
to you clearly my sentiments of that 
work. 

I think myself. very much obliged to 
your lordship for introducing me to the 
Earl of Dartmouth, who seems to me 
to be as worthy a nobleman, and to 
have as just and true notions of ‘his 
business as a minister, as any man of 
his rank with whom I have had the ho- 
nour to converse. I wish he may con- 
tinue long enough at that board to 
become fully master of all that belongs 
to its department; which is certainly 
one of the most considerahle in this 
nation, and would long ago have ap- 
peared in its proper light, if it had not 
been for the very quick transition of 
the first lord, and indeed of the other 
members who compose it, from thence 
to other posts of government. This I 
have ever considered, and I believe shall 
ever consider, not only as an error, but 
as a capital error, in our policy; for 
this, of all others, ought to be a perma- 
nent board, that the subjects might 
have the benefit, not of the abilities only, 
but of the experience, of those who sit 
there, and who ought to be gratified 
for the great pains they take, not by 
remoyal, but by an addition of other 
places, compatible with the time which 
they are obliged to spend at the board ; 
since, till something of this sort takes 
place, the commerce of Great Britain 
will never enjoy that protection, or 
those benefits, which it may justly 
expect, and which would be cer- 
tainly derived from such a permanent 
board. 

I have now, my lord, another favour 
to beg of you. I have reason to be- 
lieve, that Major Rogers, in his pro- 
posal of the discovery of the north- 
west passage, named me ashisagent. I 
am very well inclined to be useful, but 
I would by no means be thought offi- 
cious or troublesome. What I wish to 
know is, whether that proposition will 
be proceeded upon, and whether it is 
expected I should present any memo- 
rials relating thereto ; which I would 
not be backward in doing, if L thought 
it would be acceptable. But my time 
is too valuable, at least to me, to engage 
in a thing of this kind to no purpose ; 
and if your lordship can procure any 
lights in this matter, it will add to the 
many. civilities. and kindnesses_ by 


Stephensiana, No. /"IIL. 


[June I> 


which I am already bound to be, with 
much truth and respect, 
Your lordship’s 
Very faithful, obliged, and 
obedient servant, 
JOHN CAMPBELL. 
Queen-square, Ormond-street, 
Nov. 20, 1765. 


COSSACKS. 

The name of Cossack is taken from 
the Sclavonic word Koss (scythe). 
Formerly the Russian peasants used 
to go to war, for want of arms, with 
their scythes, from which they were 
named Cossacks,—scythemen. 

THE ABBE FELICE FONTANA, 
Among other useful discoveries, made 6 
very important one relative to the ab- 
sorption of air. In an experiment, 
which succeeded well, he found that a 
coal, red from the fire, in the act of 
cooling, absorbed eight times its vo- 
lume of air. The Abbé himself and 
others attempted to employ this prin- 
ciple in the construction of a machine 
for the formation of a vacuum; and 
Ingenhouz, taking advantage of what 
he had suggested, at last succeeded in 
it. The process is described by the 
latter in his “ Nouvelle Maniére de 
Produire,” &c. He admits that the 
vacuum is not so perfect as in the 
pheumatic pump, but hopes (with 
something more than a gratuitous sup- 
position,) that facts in the womb. of 
futurity may render it superior, 

The most simple experiments have 
sometimes led to useful and important 
discoveries. By friction applied to a 
bit of amber or electium, that substance 
acquires the power, first of attracting, 
then of repelling light bodies, such as 
straw, &c. Hereby the. philosopher 
has advanced to the knowledge of some 
of the most formidable phenomena of 
nature. Thunder and lightning. are 
now manufactured on the one hand, 
and their ravages repressed on. the 
other. Formerly, this terrible meteor 
was deemed incomprehensible by the 
faculties of frail and weak man, and 
only intelligible to creatures of a 
higher nature; it was considered as 
the indication and consequence of Di- 
vinity irritated at the crimes of man- 
kind. Salmoneus, the precursor of 
Franklin, experienced the. fate of the 
professor at Petersburgh; or, as the 
ancients have delivered their. senti- 
ments in accordance with their scanty 
and erroneous creeds, he was thus .pu- 
nished for affecting divine honours, 

GEORGE 


1822.] 
GEORGE SAVILLE CAREY. 


This amiable man told me, that his 
affecting song, “‘ When my ‘money 
was gone, &c.” was suggested by the 
real story of a sailor, who came to 
beg money, while Carey was break- 
fasting with an open window at the 
beautiful inn at Stony Cross, in the 
New Forest. 

He also declared that his father, 
Henry Carey, wrote the song of “‘ God 
save the King” in the house in Hatton 

~ Garden, which has a stone bracket, a 
few doors from the Police-oftice. 


ORIGINAL LETTER FROM A TRAVELLER 
OF DISTINCTION CONCERNING GENE- 
"RAL WASHINGTON. 


On my arrival at Alexandria, I was 
exceedingly desirous to visit Mount 
Vernon, a seat belonging to General 
Washington, at ten miles distance. 
After having traversed several exten- 
sive woods, and surmounted two hills, 
I discovered a house builtin a style of 
elegant simplicity, and appearing in 
every respect agreeable. In front of 
it were meadows, kept in excellent 
order; on one side were stables and 
offices, and on the other a green-house 
and several buildings, in which ne- 
groes were at work; a court-yard 
adjoining was full of turkies, ducks, 
geese, and other fowl. This house, 
which commands a charming pros- 
pect of the Potowmac, has a large and 
elegant portico on the side towards 
the river ; the apartments are admira- 
bly adapted to the building, and the 
outside is covered with a kind of var- 
nish, that renders it impenetrable to 
the rain. 

The General, who did not arrive 
until the evening, when he came home 
exceedingly fatigued, had been visit- 
ing a distant part of his property, 
where he intended to construct a new 
road. You have often heard him 
compared to Cincinnatus ; the compa- 
rison is exact. This celebrated ge- 
neral is no more at present than an 
honest planter, unceasingly occupied 
about the cares of his farm, as he him- 
self terms it. He showed me a barn 
which he had just finished: it is an 
immense building, about 100 feet in 
length, and of a breadth in proportion. 
It is destined to contain his corn, his 
potatoes, his turnips, &c. Around it 
he has constructed stables for his cat- 
tle, his horses, and his asses, of which 
he ‘has multiplied a breed hitherto un- 
known in that country. The different 

2 


Stephensiana, No. VILLI. 


427 
parts of this building are so skilfully 
distributed, that one man may fill the 
racks with potatoes, hay, &c. ina very 
shert time, and without any difficulty; 
the General informed me that it was 
built after a plan transmitted him by 
the celebrated Arthur Y oung, but that 
he had made several alterations in it. 
This barn, which is of bricks, made 
upon the spot, did not cost above 3001.; 
in England the expenses would have 
amounted to 1,000/. He has planted 
700 bushels of potatoes this year. All 
this seems very surprising in Virginia, 
where they neither erect barns, nor 
raise provender for their cattle. 

His asses, his horses, his mules, were 
feeding in the neighbouring fields. 
He informed me that it was his inten- 
tion to introduce the use of artificial 
meadows, which are so uncommon, 
and yet so necessary in that province, 
for the cattle often want provisions in 
winter. His mules thrive uncommonly 
well; and he has a noble stallion, 
which will support the race of fine 
horses to be found in this part of 
America. He also possesses two su- 
perb asses, one of which came from 
Malta, and the other from Spain. He 
has 300 negroes, which are distributed 
in log-houses, scattered over different 
parts of his property,—which in this 
neighbourhood alone amounts to 
10,000 acres; and Colonel Humphry, 
his secretary, assured me that, in dif- 
ferent parts of America, he has more 
than 200,000. 

The General sent to England for a 
farmer, well skilled in the agriculture 
of that country, and this person pre- 
sides over the cultivation of his lands. 
Everything in his house bespeaks sim- 
plicity ; his table is served plentifuily, 
but without any pomp; and every part 
of his domestic economy evinces un- 
common regularity. Mrs. Washington 
superintends every thing, and joins to 
the good qualities of a farmer’s wife, 
that dignified simplicity which ought 
to characterise a lady whose husband 
has acted such a conspicuous part. 

General Washington has nothing 
very characteristic in his countenance, 
and it is owing to this circumstance 
that his likeness is ‘so very difficult to 
be taken, and that so few painters 
have succeeded in his portrait. The 
goodness of his heart seems conspi- 
cuous in every look and every move- 
ment of his mind; his eyes possess but 
little of that brilliancy for which they 
were so conspicuous at the head of an 
army, 


428 


army, or during some difficult emer- 
gency in the field of battle; they be- 
come extremely animated, however, 
and lively, in the heat of argument. 
Abundance of good sense is discover- 
able in all his questions and replies ; 
and in his conversation he evinces the 
utmost modesty and diffidence of his 
own powers. He speaks of the Ame- 
rican war asif he had not directed its 
operations, and of his own battles and 
victories, with an indifference that 
would not become a stranger. 

After having given liberty to his 
country, he is now about to add to her 
wealth and her respectability, being 
called, by the unanimous voice of his 
fellow-citizens, to preside over the 
civil government of America, and to 
evince that. zeal, discretion, assiduity, 
and public virtue in peace, which he 
so wonderfully displayed during a 
long, a bloody, a ruinous, but a suc- 
cessful warfare. 

MOORISH CONCEIT. 

The Moors consider Spain as a 
country to which they still have a right 
to aspire; and many families in Mo- 
rocco and Tetuan, as was affirmed to 
me by a gentleman who had resided 
in the country for many years, to this 
day preserve the key of the houses of 
their ancestors in Castille, Arragon, 
Leon, &c. and hope to be able one day 
to use them again. 

THE GENTLEMEN OF THE PRESS. 

A friend of mine, a man of the 
strictest honour, had a cause tried in 
a court of law, of which he had 
scarcely heard of his success, before 
a Mr. C. was announced. “I ama 
writer for the papers, (said he,) and 
have to report on your trial to-day, and 
conceiving you would wish it to be 
properly reported, haye called to offer 
my services.” ‘* Of course, (said my 
friend,) I wish the cause, if reported, 
to behonestly described; but, as youso 
obligingly offer your services, perhaps 
you expectsome compensation.” ‘Oh, 
yes! (rejoined the gentleman,) we al- 
ways expect a compliment on these 
occasions.” ‘‘ We! (said the other,) 
what, are there several to be paid.” 
“Oh, no! (replied the other,) I was 
the only reporter present, but we assist 
one another, and the compliments of 
this kind which we receive go to a 
common purse: whatever you think 
proper to give will be divided among 
seven or eight of us. Some parties 
give five, some ten pounds; and we 
sometimes get, on particular occasions, 


Stephensiana, No. VII. 


[June 1, 


as high a compliment as fifty-pounds.” 
‘Indeed! (exclaimed my friend,) and 
what if the parties refuse to give any 
thing?” “Oh, then, sir, (rejoined the 
gentleman, ) the thing takes its course ; 
there are, you know, two ways of 
telling a story, and at least the speeches 
of the counsel always afford materials.” 
My friend now lost his patience. 
“« Pest and nuisance, (he exclaimed,) 
“how many are hanged and trans- 
ported for demanding money on the 
highway under circumstances of less 
turpitude ; leave my house, or I will 
charge a constable with you.” The 
gentleman quickly retreated, mutter- 
ing as hedeparted. My friend, whose 
cause had to him been an. affair of 
self-defence to defeat a nefarious com- 
bination, and who never before had 
been either plaintiff or defendant, men- 
tioned the application of the gentleman 
of the press in the course of the day, as 
an instance of attempted extortion. 
He was even offended when some of 
his friends shook their heads and por- 
tended mischief. He slept easy; but, 
on the following morning, his neigh- 
bours came running one after another 
with different papers, exclaiming, 
“Good God, sir, you are ruined! 
Behold the nefarious part which you 
are represented as having been play- 
ing. You cannot show your face 
in society again,” On examination he 
found five or six different reports, 
varying in language, but all coloured 
and distorted alike; and, instead of 
haying been the victim of a con- 
spiracy, he was made to appear as the 
chief, if not the only conspirator: No 
assertions were made, but every thing 
was insinuated, and the arguments of 
the adverse counsel were artfully im- 
troduced as facts in the case. His 
attorney went to the newspaper offices, 
and an explanation was admitted ; but 
all the world had read and enjoyed the 
original libel, while few felt any interest 
in reading the explanation. He suf- 
fered accordingly, and for years after- 
wards the libel continued to be ad- 
duced against him, to his personal. an- 
noyance and commercial injury. 

One paper alone had omitted the re- 
port, and, finding that he had paid so 
dearly for his. independence, he now 
sought its, editor, and though’ he 
scorned to become his own reporter, 
yet he had the promise of this persor 
thatthe perverted report should notap~ 
pear. Inthe meantime the disappointed: 
party in the cause (who it afterwards» 

appeared 


1829.) Travelsof Dr. Miller in Greece and the lonian Islunds, Sc. 


appeared. had been applied to by the 
same. chevalier d’industrie, and had 
paid him his retaining fee,) made ap- 
plication to one of the proprietors of 
the paper in question; and, on paying 
241. was permitted to insert his own re- 
port, which blackened my friend from 
head to foot. He now brought his ac- 
tion for-defamation, but withdrew it on 
the proprietor giving up the names of 
the author, whenthey proved to be the 
very parties with whom he bad had the 
suit. Against these scoundrels, who 
were bankers of fair reputation, he now 
re-commeneed his action; but, owing 
to various circumstances and techni- 
ealities of lengthened detail, the ques- 
tion was never brought to trial, and 
finally he had his own expences to pay. 

On anothex occasion, a noted courte- 
zan pleaded her coverture as a defence 
against some debts of her own, by 
which several unsuspecting tradesmen 
suffered then and afterwards ; and, on 
my expressing my surprise that the 
circumstance never transpired in the 
papers, she replied, ‘‘ I contrived bet- 
ter, I insured my character.” “Aye, 
(said I,) where is the office, and what 
is the premium?” ‘ Why, (said she,) 


429 


the office wasin the box of a coffee-house 
near Westminster-Hall, and the pre- 
mium 251. tobe distributed among seve- 
ral gentlemen of the press for the benefit 
of their wives and children, and you 
know I love tobe charitable.” “Gra- 
cious Heaven, (said I,)andisthis the use 
and abuse of the press, and are these 
the persons who inveigh with such elo- 
quence against corruption !” 

On subsequently mentioning this ne- 
farious system in different circles, I was 
told, in parliamentary phraseology, 
that it is as notorious as the sun at 
noon-day, and that the Courts of law are 
beset by needy scribblers, some ofwhom . 
are not even connected with any news- 
paper, but represent themselves as re- 
porters, or as having interest with 
these protectors of character, or whole- 
sale dealers in defamation. Hence, 
however, it is that few men have the 
hardihood to defend their property in 
a court of law, at the double hazard 
of losing, not only their property, by 
the manoeuvres of the profession, but 
their character also, by the manoeuvres 
of the press. I have been told that 
even members of parliament, and all 
public men, pay tribute. 


NOVELTIES OF FOREIGN LITERATURE. 


2 : 


Travels of Dr. Ch. Muller in Greece 
and the Ionian Islands.—Leipsic: 
Brockhaus and Co. 1822, 

E have selected from these 
Travels the author’s Letter 

which relates to the condition and 
mal-administration of the Ionian Is- 
lands. It confirms the statements of 

Mr. Tiume in his late admirable 

speech on the subject, and merits the 

attentive perusal of the British nation. 

On our parts no apology can be requi- 

site for translating, with good faith, 

the accounts given to the European 
world of the false policy and abuses 
which have attended the British pro- 
tection of these islands. We shall be 
happy te find that Dr. Miiller has ex- 
aggerated, and to be the means of 
refuting his assertions on better au- 
thority. But, in any case, the honour 
of the nation is concerned in our not 
withholding these statements, that, if 
not true, they may be refuted; and 
that; if true, the abuses themselves 
may be corrected. We are of opinion 
that a free and liberal government is 
always the strongest, that their civil 
government ought to be left to the 


Tonians, and that the best interests of 
Britain will be permanentiy served 
only through their affections. 


Of the IONIKON KPATOX, inscribed 
on the new coin of the republic, the 
Britannia, which is seated on the re- 
verse, has left nothing, and the once 
furious lion of St. Mare tamely 
crouches under the feet of the fair vir- 
gin with Poseidon’s trident. 

Before I proceed inmy remarks, says 
Dr. Muller, I must premise, that I by 
nomeans mistake the distinction which 
ought to be made between that which 
the British government wishes to 
have done for the Lfonian Islands, over 
which she has received the protecto- 
rate and executive power, and. that 
which the local goyernment at Corfu 
actually does. I here only speak of 
the latter. The possession. of the 
Jonian islands is always a financial loss 
to their possessor, since, even if abso- 
lutely subjected, they do not yield so 
much as they cost, if they are to be 
properly supported. Their possession 
can, therefore, be important only in a 
political, military, and mercantile point 
of view, 

For 


430 


For this reason these islands must 
always be in the hands of some great 
power. 

Such a power might establish in 
them a government and administration, 
from which the neighbouring Turks 
might learn how to govern and treat 
the Greek states under their control. 
This example ought to have been set 
by the British government; and, al- 
though its policy might not have 
found imitation in the first five years, it 
would have operated in time, for it has 
been seen in Smyrna, Thessalonica, 
Adrianople, Magnesia, and Constanti- 
nople, before the rising of the Greeks, 
how much the Porte, in places that 
were not oppressed by cruel pashas, 
considered the welfare of its Greek 
subjects, and what great privileges, 
especially in trade, it granted to them 
above its other subjects, particularly 
the Armenians. 

If the Porte had viewed the Tonians 
under their new government, con- 
tented, tranquil, and growing in opu- 
lence, it wou!d soon have adopted as 
much of the same system as might 
be consistent with its own. I have 
been assured in Corfu, that the 
English government in 1815, at the 
time when the islands were made over 
to them by treaty, had this object in 
view. ‘If ithad been executed by the 
British agents, it is a question whether 
the Greeks in 1821 would have had 
any just ‘cause for rising against the 
Porte. But what have the Ionian 
islands presented since that period? 
A poor race of people, towards 
whom no promise was kept,—a people 
who, only living by trade, have been 
bound with the tightestfetters, and have 
not been allowed to engage in any en- 
terprize which might affect the interest 
of British trade; at the same time 
teased by a host of English revenue- 
officers, who curtailed their rights of 
navigation and monopolized the use 
of their own harbours and bays in fa- 
vour of England,—a people who, 
often despised and ill treated by the 
British officers, were forced to hate 
their government at Corfu, and to try 
all means of getting rid of it. 

Such a result could certainly not 
inspire the Porte with any desire of 
imitation ; and, mistrustful and timid as 
it is, itonly became more strict and se- 
vere against its own Greek subjects, 
and the pashas became even more 
cruel. 

According to the treaty by which 


Novelties of Foreign Literature. 


[June 1, 


they were delivered over, the Ionians 
were to found a republic under the 
auspices of Great Britain, whose pro- 
tection was to be the security of inde- 
pendence. An Jonian senate was to 
assist the British governor by its coun- 
sels, and a legislative assembly was to 
give them new laws. 

If, instead of this acknowledged re- 
publican form, the Ionian Islands had 
become England’s property, if they 
had become an integral part of 
Great Britain, with the English consti- 
tution, English rights, and English 
legislature, how happy then would 
have been their lot, compared with 
their present state ! 

An English governor has arrived to 
rule in Corfu, with the same supreme 
power as did formerly the Proveditore- 
generale of St. Mare. In those times 
the Lonians could at least complain 
and petition in Venice, so near to them, 
and frequently the senate afforded them 
speedy protection and redress against 
the Venetian officers. But now the 
distance from London is much greater: 
it is so by nature, while the policy of 
government has made it quite inacces- 
sible. Those unhappy Lonians, who 
some months ago addressed their 
grievances to England, now find re- 
dress in the gaols of Corfu ! 

Those who firmly expressed and 
defended principles unpleasant to the 
government of Corfu, were soon're- 
moved from the senate. | This was the 
fate of four of the ablest and most up- 
right men. Those who remained, to- 
gether with their president, took warn- 
ing from this. Very soon the senate 
had no other wish but those of the 
English governor, who, moreover, 
often expressed them rather harshly. 
Hence, for some time past, the will’ of 
the senate has not been distinguished 
from that of this ruler, and the greatest 
harmony prevails ! 

The legislative assembly have not 
yet accomplished their task of forming 
a code of laws for the Ionian Islands, 
nor does it appear they ever will ac- 
complish it. 

In the mean time the government of 
Corfu has seized upon all the branches 
of the executive administration, and 
placed them under its control, by put- 
ting them into the hands of. English- 
men, foreigners, or such of the island- 
ers who yield. implicitly to the will of 
the English government. ‘Thus: :the 
duties of customs in all the islands are 
managed in a manner which ' leads 3 

e 


1822.] Travels of Dr. Miller in Greece and the Ionian Islands. 


the belief that these islands are under 
martial law.. Woe to the wretch who 
should undertake any thing against 
which there should even be no probibi- 
tion, if it oppose the interest of British 
commerce! It must be considered of 
What deep importance this is in so 
small a maritime state, which subsists 
only by trade and navigation. 

With the cruelty of barbarians they 
fall upon the Ionian ships and boats, 
which are prohibited from seeking shel- 
ter against the inclemencies of the 
weather in any bay of the islands, if 
they do not purchase permission at a 
high price.—[ We translate literally.] 

The courts of justice, which ought to 
be independent, are only unrestrained 
where the interest of government is 
not at stake. But, whenever this is 
concerned, they must, like all the 
other branches of the executive and 
adminis‘ration, serve as the hand-maid 
of British interest, to which every 
thing must yield.—[ Let us hope that Dr. 
Miller saw with foreign prejudices. | 

The Ionian senate being entirely de- 
pendent on the government, the. latter 
has all places at its disposal. Most of 
these are given to foreigners, but never 
to Ionians, of whom it is known that 
they .think for themselves, and have 
spirit and energy enough to have a will 
of their own.—[ We consider it necessary 
io re-state that we translate literally. | 

The most remarkable proceeding of 
government is that respecting the coin- 
age. All the good silver and copper- 
coin in the islands was bought up and 
sent to England. For this good coin 
the finely coined oboli have been re- 
turned, but are said to contain 3 less in 
copper than their nominal value in 
silyer, compared to the Turkish paras, 
the Neapolitan grane, and the Roman 
bajocco.* _Silver-coin has not been 
given to them at all; it has only been 
promised. ‘This is very troublesome 
and injurious to the Ionians in their 
transactions with the continent.—[ Here 
Dr. M. insinuates that this was the very 


* The following story is current in Corfu, 
for the truth of which, however, I cannot 
warrant. In the budget of 1819, mention 
was first made among the receipts of 60,000 
Spanish piastres or talleri, which had been 
paid by the islands for the money sent 
from England; then this sum appeared 
among the expenses, as money given by 
England to the islands, and ultimately 
these 60,000 piastres appeared in the shape 
of a debt of the Ionian islands for the mo- 
ney sent from England! 


ors 


43.1 


design of the government, but this must 
be a calumny. | 

It was not till the present session of 
the British parliament that the defects 
and faults of the Lonian government 
were extensively and _perspicuously 
laid open by Mr. Hume. A ministerial 
member of the lower house attempted 
to refute him, but without success, 
Almost at the same time Signor Mar- 
tilengo, and several respectable Zan- 
tiots, addressed themselves in a re- 
spectful petition to the King of Eng- 
land: they represented their manifold 
grievances against the local govern- 
ment, and prayed for redress. For 
this, Martilengo and all those who had 
signed with him were immediately ar- 
rested as traitors and sent to jail in 
Corfu, where they still are; Martilengo 
only was afterwards released, to avoid 
disturbances in Zante. I do not be- 
lieve that the king and his ministers 
can know any thing of these proceed- 
ings.—[This supposition is creditable to 
the liberality of Dr. M; and we trust 
it will be found that the whole has been 
the act of some underling of power.] 

Thus the poor Lonian republicans 
were denied what every British sub- 
ject may do in their parliament, and 
their attempt was punished by the pro- 
consular government. 

English residents are established in 
the islands of Santa Maura, Thiaki, 
Kefalonia, Zante, and Kerigo. They 
naturally act in the sense of the go- 
vernment on which they depend. 
There, in their capacity of chief civil 
and military magistrates, they are 
looked upon in the light of little sove- 
reigns, and the royal Odysseus could 
hardly have had such authority on 
Thiaki as the British resident, although 
only a captain, 

‘The Greeks accuse this resident of 
oppressions and arbitrary seizures, 
These reproaches I consider as the 
result of the people’s discontent; since 
such vile conduct is not in the charac- 
ter of the English, 

They also greatly blame the conduct 
of the government, with regard to the 
revolutionized Greeks. Certainly, the 
government has tried. to prevent, sup- 
press, and punish, every real partici- 
pation of the Ionian. Greeks in the 
affairs of the neighbouring continent; 
and the numerous ordonnances that 
have been issued .on, this subject are 
before the public. 

But this conduct of the government 
cannot justly be blamed, if we rightly 

consider. 


432 


consider the political position which 
England has assumed towards the 
Porte and the Greeks. It proclaimed, 
in conjunction with the other high 
powers, the strictest neutrality in their 
war; and, to preserve this, it was 
compelled to prohibit the Lonians 
from assisting the Greeks, and punish 
every transgression on this point. In 
fact, in several cases the government 
only did so, after a requisition of the 
Turkish government, in which the cases 
of intermeddling on the part of Ionian 
subjects were oflicially pointed out.— 
Thus far, I think, eyery thing has been 
correct. 

But government, incensed at the 
conduct of the Jonians, has began to 
hate the Greeks and their cause. This 
is blameable, however natural its 
origin. 

The English government knows, 
from various discoveries, how close is 
the connexion of the Zantiots,S. Mau- 
riots, and Corfiots, with the Greeks of 
the Morea, Rumeli, and Epirus, and 
even with the brave Hetarists in Mol- 
davia. It has intercepted many let- 
ters, containing plans for the co-ope- 
ration of the Lonians, for their libera- 
tion from the English, for the surprize 
of the fortresses, and even the murder 
of the garrisons. It knows that, from 
the moment the Greeks on the Conti- 
nent gain any decisive and permanent 
advantages, it will be exposed to the 
enterprizes and attacks of the Ionians. 
Nay, if even the government were not 
acquainted with those combinations 
and plans through those intercepted 
letters, it would have learnt it from the 
imprudent, passionate expressions of 
tne Zantiots and Corfiots themselves, 
who are unable to conceal their rage 
and hatred against the government, 
and frequently speak so violently 
against the English, that it can only 
proceed from motives of prudence 
that the government does not imprison 
them. 

Is it then surprising, that the Eng- 
lish, in return, should hate the Greek 
cause, and obstruct its progress? This 
cause, which they erroneously consider 
as the foundation of the disaffection 
and hatred of the Tonians against 
them. They forget that the Tonians 
would incline much less towards the 
Greeks, if they felt themselves happier 
as republicans under British govern- 
ment; nay, if they were even less op- 
pressed. This feeling is the source 
from which originate the measures of 


Novelties of Foreign Literature. 


[June f, 


the government of Corfu, and which 
can certainly find no rational or just 
excuse. Thus the government care- 
fully suppressed all intelligence from 
the Morea, Rumeli, Epirus; so that 
it is almost impossible, in those ap- 
proximate islands, to have any correct 
information respecting the events, po- 
sitions, marches, or strength of the 
armies or of the fortresses occupied 
by the contending parties. 

To the injury of the cause and the 
Jonians it allows the youth of conti- 
nental Greece capable of bearing 
arms to reside in the islands; and, 
what is more than all, it affords assist- 
ance to the Turks, by supplying them 
with provisions, arms, ammunition, &e. 
by whichit infringes upon its neutrality, 
and places itself in a hostile position 
towards the Greeks. (We translate li- 
terally. ) 

It was probably in consequence of 
the above-mentioned discoveries, that 
the government has taken measures 
for fortifying and securing all strong 
points. Thence also the increase of 
troops, the removal of the cavalry into 
the forts, the great supplies bought for 
the latter, &ec. The TIonians are 
wrong in complaining of these mea- 
sures. They cost them nothing; but 
have rather been useful to many of 
them. 

The English in Corfu told me that 
these measures, on the least commo- 
tion, would be followed by the general 
disarming* of the islanders; which 
they considered the more necessary; 
as these people are all excellent 
marksmen, and so expert in climbing 
and jumping on their mountains and 
rocks, that they would be almost a 
match for English riflemen. 

But we should, at the same time, 
duly consider and appreciate the ad- 
vantages which the English govern- 
ment afford to the Ionian Islands. 

At the head of these 1 shall mention 
the excellent police of the islands and 
the adjoining seas,—a police which 
suffers none of the former excesses. 
The pleasure which many Ionians 
take in robbery, plunder, and murder, 
—a pleasure which they share with 
their Greek brethren on the Continent, 
—they are deprived of by the British 
government; and, whenever it occurs, 
a rapid form of judicature quickly 
puts an end to the criminal. The har- 
bours and bays of the islands are no 
longer the refuge of pirates. | i 

* This has since taken place. 
Since 


1822.] 


“Since ‘1815 large sums ‘have been 
spent by the British government upon 
the Tonian Islands, in draining marshes, 
in the erection of new bridges, roads, 
houses, palaces, &c.; such as the great 
bridge of Argostoli, the butchers’ hall, 
the palace of the government at Corfa. 
These fabrics have cost the islands no- 
thing, and tend to their advantage or 
improvement, besides bringing money 
into the country. 

‘The taxes in the islands must be 
trifling, since the English government 
takes nothing from them; and the 
whole revenue is said to be employed 
in defraying the expenses of the inter- 
nal administration. The English go- 
vernment pays its own troops, and 
keeps them in barracks, which for the 
most part it has built. 

In the same manner, all the ex- 
penses of keeping old fortifications in 
order, or building new ones, are de- 
frayed by the government. The 
Tonians are not subject to any military 
service, conscription or recruiting. 

The English officers, civil as well as 
military, together with the well-paid 
troops, amounting to between 3,000 
and 6,000 men, put considerable sums 
into circulation. Many tradesmen in 
the towns, who were formerly poor, 
have in consequence acquired some 
property; but the merchants, sailors, 
&e. who form the greater part of the 
population, groan under the British 
commercial restraints. 

‘Corfu has gained much through the 
English in pleasantness and comfort; 
and the towns of the other islands 


Literary and Philosophical Intelligence. 


4358 


have also had their share of those im- 
provements. 

Eight engineers are now engaged 
on the survey of Corfu. Their la- 
bours, of which T have seen some, for 
their elegance and correctness do 
honour to British genius. This sur- 
vey is likewise conducted at the ex- 
pense of the English government; and 
it is afterwards to be extended to the 
other islands. 

It is to be wished that on this occa- 
sion the government would lay aside 
its proud indifference towards anti- 
quity, and undertake and encourage 
diggings on interesting spots. It 
might, at least, put a stop to the van- 
dalisim of its officers. 

At the conclusion of this letter, I 
must return my sincere thanks to the 
English residents and other officers in 
the lonian Islands, for their politeness 
and kindness to me personally. I 
must acknowledge that I have not 
suffered from them any of those muni- 
cipal vexations, which are so annoying 
to every stranger, but especially to the 
scientific traveller. It depended only 
on myself to profit by the kind assist- 
ance which the English authorities so 
often offered tome. Y must also ob- 
serve, that the being a Saxon was 
every where a recommendation among 
these authorities ; and I was often gra- 
tified by seeing their stern features 
relax, when they saw my country 
named in my passport. 

Dr. Miiller’s entire work is preparing for 
the next number of the Journal of Voyages 
and Travels. 


VARIETIES, LITERARY AND PHILOSOPHICAL, 
Including Notices of Works in Hand, Domestic and Foreign. 


— 


DOCUMENT, very interesting 

& to the literary and typographical 
world, has been laid before Parliament 
within the month, indicating the actual 
sale, within the busy year 1821, of the 
various stamped London newspapers. 
The information was sought by motion, 
not for the purpose of prying into these 
concerns, but of exposing the fa- 
vouritism which disgraces. several 
Boards of Government, in misapplying 
the. public. money, by advertizing in 
ministerial papers of. little circulation, 
in preference, to others of large circn- 
lation, but of anti-ministerial politics. 
That the abuse in question has. existed. 
will, we have no doubt, appear in subse- 
quent discussions; forit is proyed that 
some of these papers have subsisted 

Tontuity Mac. No. 368. 


solely on the patronage of certain 
Boards; not less than 7/1. or 81. per 
week, as we are informed, having been- 
paid to some papers, whose actual cir- 
culation has not been 100 copies, while 
the same amount in a year has not 
been expended in papers enjoying fifty 
times the circulation.. The Parlia- 
mentary Report gives. the amount. of . 
duty in the second column; but, we 
have preferred to give the separate 
sales, though a difficulty presents itself 
in the Parliamentary return, owing to 
two papers being supplied with stamps 
by the same stationerfor the same print- 
ing-oflice,—in. one. case no less than 
seven, and in another thee. , The Times 
made its,.own, separation from, the 
Evening Mail, and we have recognized 
31 that 


434 
that statement; but where a Sunday 
and a daily paper are conjoined, we 
have taken them as equal, or as seven 
papers instead of six. In like man- 
ner, where a Sunday and Monday’s 
edition are published, as in most of the 
Sunday papers, we have been obliged 
to give the total; but perhaps one- 
fourth may in these cases be assigned 
to the Monday’s or country edition. 
In some instances, in papers begun 
within the year, we have omitted the 
aliquot part; and in the case of Cob- 
beti’s Register, 200 times more are 
sold unstamped than stamped. 


OF each 
Daily Papers. No. Yearly. foes 
10n. 
BritishPress andGlobe * 
(two publications) , lel al 
British Traveller,com- 
menced within 1821 ; edhag Woe 
Courier -+++++.+++++++1,594,500] 5,094 
Morning Advertiser, 
and Sunday do. cet 970,000 | 2,657 
ven weekly) -+++«> 
Morning Chronicle .-+- 990,000} 3,165 
Herald «-++ee 875,000] 2,795 
: (Post ies acer e* 630,500] 2,014 
New Times -++++++++* 846,000} 2,702 
Public Ledger ++++--++ 430.500] 1,375 
Se oa Lata Sees sevees 410,073] 1,310 
Statesman and Consti- z 
tution(seven weekly) ‘cic, aces 
ste tsarsastabeadvs 170,000). ° Kas 
Times: +++ -+++5e++++*+2,406,300| 7,687 
Evening Mail -+---+-++ 278,500 890 
Traveller -++++++eees2 386,500 822 
With Commercial and 
London Chronicle, 
twelve weekly, and _ 411 
perhaps the Travel- 
ler as two to one -- 
True Briton «+++++++++ 165,600 529 
Three Times a-week, 
English Chronicle -+++++ 160,500] 1,028 
General Evening Post+- 150,000 961 
St. James’s Chronicle, 
with Baldwin’s J car 577,500] 1,851 
nal (two) ++++..0¢ 
London Packet--.--++- 102,000 653 
Once a-week, but generally 
Sunday and Monday. 
Aurora Borealis -+++++ 24,600 474. 
Bell’s Weekly Despatch 132,250] 2,542 
—— ‘Weekly Messenger 522,700 | 10,052 
—— Price Current ---- 10,000 192 
British Luminary -«.2++ 52,500} 1,008 
Monitor+eeess-- 25,075 480 
British Neptune, Bri- th 
. tish Freeholder, Bri- 1 Hf 
-tish, i pele Lon- Uden 
_don Moderator, Lon- 
don and. Provincial $6,000 sant} 
Gazette, _ National 50 
Register and Nor- ii ak 
wie Conrier:---- : ones 


Literary and Philosophical. Intelligence. 


(June i, 


Of each 
Once a-week, but generally No, Yearly. |Publica- 
Sunday, and Monday. tion. 


Brunswick.-+--+--- sere 99,392 215 
Catholic Advocate --++ § 18,545| — 
Champion «++se+--++-- 30,070 598 
Christian Reporter «+++ 24,650 472 
Cobbett’s Register «+++ 825} — 
peice es de Londres or * 22,500 216 
ounty Chronicle, wit! d sy a 
County Herald » «+ ~ §, (775:994| 4,360 
County Literary Chronicle | 1,500). \— 
ane a seeveeseeses 141,975) 1694 
nglishman and Mir- 
ror of the Times -- ‘ 137,750 | 23649 
Farmer’s Journal------ 155,000} 3,000 


Guardian «++essesesees 88,150 


Independant Observer 36,866 709 
John Bull «++eeesees++ 468,002] 9,000 
John Bull's British 
Journal eeeseences } 2,000, 
London Gazette-+«e++++ 160,000} 1,538 
Law Chronicle -+-*+s*e 11,100 213 
Literary Gazette ----+-+ 60,197 | 1,157 
Mansade’s Price Current 1,099); — 
Military Register «*++** 1,672) — 
Mirror «++++++: oocees 9,000}. ~— 
News ceseeeeeseese+s 506,500] 9,740 
Nicholson’s Price Cur- 2 7,400) 
TENt-+eeeeceesrece 
Observer «++seee2s** 714,000 | 13,730 
Observer of the Times++ 55,150} 1,060 
Philanthropic Gazette++ 36,900 709 
Real John Bull++-+++++ 77,568}. 1,492 
Sunday Monitor, West- 
minster Journal, and } 62,500| 1,200 
Imperial Gazette - 
Town Talk.-++--+-+++- 3,000} — 
Wooler’s British Gazette 66,500| 1,280 
Once a-fortnight. 
Racing Calendar ++«+++ 24,400 930 
Once in three weeks. 
Police Gazette ++++++++ 30,000} 1,730, 
Once a-month. 
Literary Advertiser ++++ 6,000 500 


Duty at 4d. each, 
less by 20 per 
cent. 


Total of Papers’) Pe lee ie 
stampedin1821 )16,254,534|270,908 18 0 
in London «++-« 5 

Provincial «+++ 8,525,252/142,087 10 8 


Number. 


— se 


Total.... 24,779,786|412,996 88 

The historical romances of the au- 
thor of ‘‘ Waverley,” are printing, in 
six volumes octavo, comprising Ivan- 
hoe, the Monastery, the Abbot, an 
Kenilworth. ’ 

Mr. Montcomery will publish in a 
few days a work, entitled, Songs of 
Zion, being imitations of the Psalms, 
in verse. 

Shortly will be published by sub- 
scription, with a portrait, Memoirs of 
the Life of Charles Alfred Stothard; 
F.s.4,, author of “the Monumental 

Effigies 


1822.] 
Effigies of Great Britain,’ with some 
account of a journey in the Nether- 
lands, by Mr. CHarLes STOTHARD, 
author of “‘ Letters written during a 
Tour through Normandy, Britanny, 
and other parts of France.” 

Mr. THELWALL continues his labours 
on his long projected epic, which he 
proposes to call “the Hope of Albion,” 
founded on the life and achievements 
of Epwin THE GREAT. He has fa- 
youred us with a passage as a speci- 
men; and though these beautiful lines 
cannot fail to create a taste for the 
work, yet all who know the author 
haye lone anticipated a production of 
extraordinary merit. 

The three forthcoming numbers of 
the Journal of New Voyages and Tra- 
vels will consist severally of the follow- 
ing very important works :— 

June 1: CAiLtiaupn’s Travels in the 
Oases of Thebes and El Dakel, with 
eighteen engravings.—July 1: MULLER’S 
Travels in Southern Greece in 13821, de- 
seribing the Holy Insurrection of the 
Greeks, the Turkish Massacres, &c. as 
witnessed by the Author.—dugust 1: Si- 
MoND’s Travels in Switzerland, me- 
thodized from the French edition. 
—Persons who neglect to peruse a 
work so fraught with the best modern 
information, are necessarily a full 
generation behind the age in which 
they live. 
~ An interesting work, called Napo- 
leon in Exile, is expected to appear 
in the course of the ensuing month. 
It is similar in sty 6 to the ‘ Life of 
Johuson,” by Boswell, and consists 
almost entirely of Napoleon’s own re- 
marks, in his own words, written at 
the moment, during three years of 
unrestrained communication; and fur- 
nishes, ina way that could probably 
never haye been anticipated, details of 
all theremarkable events of his life, pub-. 
lic and private; characters of his minis- 
ters and-generals; state secrets of the 
various courts of Europe; the develop- 
mentof his foreign and domestic policy; 
anecdotes of his campaigns; and, in- 
deed, illustrations of most of the extra- 
ordinary. occuxrences. and persons 
which haye astonished the world du- 
ring the last half century. It carries 
with ifits own evidence, and is sus- 
tained by facts known only to the dis- 
tinguished individual by whom: they 
were related. His death has removed 
the delicacy. which restrained the 
editor during his life; but the obser- 
vations of Such a man belong. to pos 
terify. 


Literary and Philosophical Intelligence. 


435 

The Rev. W. S. Bowes will 
shortly publish a new poem, entitled 
the Curfew, or the Grave of the Last 
Saxon. 

Speedily will be published, of the 
same size as the ‘ Introduction to 
Geology, by the-Rev. W. D. Coney- 
beare and W. Phillips,” an Introduc- 
tion to the Study of Fossils; being a 
compilation of such information as 
may assist the student in obtaining 
the necessary knowledge respecting 
these substances, and their connexion 
with the formation of the earth, by 
James PARKINSON, esq. author of 
“the Organic Remains of a Former 
World.” 

Our readers will sincerely partici- 
pate with us in the victory of liberal 
feelings over a vulgar spirit of bigotry, 
in the question about the continuance 
of Mr. LAwrENcE in his honorary ap- 
pointment of Surgeon to Bridewell 
and Bethlem Hospitals. In the annual 
election of the present year a most 
extraordinary attempt was made to 
declare Mr. Lawrence ineligible ; but 
Mr. ALDERMAN WAITHMAN, in a most 
able speech, referred to the histories of. 
philosophy and of religious intolerance,, 
and demonstrated the disgrace that 
would attach to the body of governors 
if so narrow aspirit triumphed. Ona 
division, there were fifty-two against 
the motion, and only twenty-six in 
its favour, among whom we are 
deeply concerned at having to name 
the Duke of Sussex. To the honour 
of the profession, no man of character 
could be preyailed on to place himself 
in the ignominious situation of being a 
candidate in opposition to Mr. Law- 
rence. At the election, on the follow- 
ing day, he was returned by a majo- 
rity of seven to one, over two obscure 
persons, who permitted their names to 
stand as candidates., 

The concluding volume of Sir R. 
Ker Porrer’s Travels in Georgia, 
Persia, Babylonia, &c. will appear in a 
few days. 

Mr. Dun op, author of the ‘‘ History, 
of Fiction,” has a new work in the 
press, entitled, the History of Roman 
Literature from the earliest periods to 
the Augustan age, in two. volumes, 
octavo. 

Malpas, by the author of ‘the Ca- 
valier;” Roche Blanche, by Miss A. M. 
Porter; the Refugees, by the author 
of “Correction;” and Tales of . the 
Manor, by Miss Hortanv,—are nearly 
ready for publication, 

Mr. 


436 


Mr. WorDswortn’s Guide. to ‘the 
Lakes will appear ina few days. 

Mr. Lewis, teacher of Chess, is 
about to publish Elements of that In- 
teresting and Scientific Game, in one 
small volume, with diagrams. 

The Poetry, original and selected, 
contained in the novels, tales, and ro- 
mances, of the author of ‘‘ Waverley,” 
with short introductory notices from 
the prose, will shortly appear, ina fool- 
scap octavo volume. 

The Poetical Works of James Hoce, 
the Ettrick shepherd, now first col- 
lected, will shortly appear, in four vo- 
lumes, foolscap octavo. 

The River Derwent, and _ other 
Poems, by W. B. CLark, B.A. Jesus- 
Col.Cambridge,willappearnext month. 

Professor DuNBAR is preparing for 
publication, the second volume of Dal- 
zell’s Collectanea Greeca Majora; the 
text of Homer, Hesiod, and Apollo- 
nius Rhodius, will be corrected ac- 
cording to the principles stated in the 
Essay upon the Versification of Homer 
in the second part of the Professor’s 
“«Prosodia Greca.” 'The whole of the 
text will undergo the most careful 
revision, and will be augmented by 
one of the Nemean Odes of Pindar ; 
and a very considerable number of ad- 
ditional notes, explanatory of different 
passages, &c. will be given. 

A more satisfactory triumph of vir- 
tuous public feeling never was ob- 
tained, than by the degradation of the 
Association which, as a mask, assumed 
the name of Constitutional. It was a 
daring attempt to subject the press of 
the country, and the bounds of free 
enquiry, to the gauge of certain narrow 
and wicked minds; in truth, to esta- 
blish an inquisition above the law. Its 
specious pretensions, however, were 
exposed by the press,—its mask tor 
off,—and its horrid deformity exposed 
to the contempt of the world. The 
persons and personages who gave it 
their support ought never to be for- 
gotten, for the badness of their inten- 
tions was rendered manifest, and their 
only apology is to be found in their 
weakness. and gullibility. Suffice it 
to say, that, after bringing such odium 
upon a respectable hotel that it was 
deserted by travellers, and has actu- 
ally been obliged, in consequence, to 
be shut.up, the remnant of the gang 
were reduced to the necessity of hold- 
ing their meetings for a short time in a 
cellar; but, driven from this retreat, 
they have since, we arc told, been har- 


Literary and Philosophical Intelligence. 


[Juoe 1, 


boured by a partizan alderman, whose 
political reputation cannot suffer even 
fromsuch an association. Thisrequiem 
over the departed society is not stimu- 
lated by any personal pique, but by 
honest indignation at the arrogant 
pretensions of this Association; and at 
the daring conspiracy which its 
leaders attempted to embody against 
the liberties of the press, for the pur- 
pose of destroying all that remains of 
public spirit in the country. 

There still, however, remains ano- 
ther Society, whose principle is equally 
objectionable, though its professions 
humour certain prejudices, and are 
more specious. ‘The Society to which 
we allude is that which assumes to 
itself the guardianship of society 
against Vice, a truly pharisaical 
assumption ; but, when it was directed 
against cruelties to helpless animals, 
drunkenness, &c. it possessed claims; 
which are equivocal when it meddles 
with the press, with metaphysical 
opinions, and the rights of free discus= 
sion. In short, it becomes itself one 
of the most vicious institutions in so- 
ciety, if a narrow-minded knot of its 
members, bigots and intolerants, usurp 
the authority of the spiritual and legal 
courts, and abuse the name of Chris- 
tianity by persecutions and appeals te 
secular power, which true religion 
disdains. A meddling society of this 
description, directed by persons of no 
responsibility, and perhaps by infu- 
riated bigots, as illiterate as preju- 
diced, is a public nuisance, whatever 
be its hypocritical pretensions; and, 
as to its effects, we appeal to the expe- 
rience of every man turned of fifty, 
whether till this Society existed he 
ever heard of irreligious and obscene 
publications. Suchfworks were used 
to be kept down by public opinion; 
and nothing can give them importance 
but the industry of a society of busy 
bodies, whose officiousness is an insult 
on God and man. Let this Society 
protect helpless animals against hu- 
man brutes, and endeavour to correct 
the bestial practices of mankind, and 
it may deserve well of its country ; 
but we express ourselves hypotheti- 
cally, for it may be questioned whe- 
ther all such associations, as liable to 
great abuses, are not dangerous and 
impertinent encroachmentson our con- 
stitution, laws, and liberties. 

The author of the “ British Botanist” 
is preparing for publication, a work 
entitled, Hortus Anglicus, or — 

erik 


1822.) 


dern English Garden; containing an 
easy description of all the plants which 
are cultivated in the climate of Great 
Britain, either for use or ornament, 
and of a selection from the established 
favourites of the stove and green- 
house; arranged according to the sys- 
tem of Linnzus, including his generic 
and specific characters, with remarks 
on the properties of the more valuable 
species; in two volumes, duodecimo. 

Dr. Irvine has made considerable 
progress in a new school-book on Ro- 
man Antiquities. 

An our notice of the late Mr. Perry, 
we mentioned his extensive library of 
eurious books, collected during along 
and active career. It has since been 
brought to the hammer; and, for the 
sake of his amiable family, we are 
glad the books fetched such high prices. 
Phe Mazarine Bible fetched the mode- 
rate price of 160 guineas. But we 
blush for the taste and intellect of a 
country, which could sanction the 
prices named beneath, for such mere 
rubbish in the form of books. We had 
hopes that the Bibliomaniacs, like the 
members of the Whip Club, had been 
shamed out of their follies. Other 
similar lists appeared, but we take the 
gems of a single day. 

Phillis and Flora, the sweete and 

civill contention of two amor- 
ous Ladyes, 1598++-+++++«+£11 11 0 
Peerson’s Mottects, or Grave 

Chamber Musique, containing 

Songs of Five Parts, some ful, 

and some verse and chorus, all 

fit for voyces and vials +++... 
Peyton’s Glasse of Time, in the 

two first ages, a Poem, 1620-. 
Passion of a Discontented Mind, 

a Poem, 1621 - “++ 3 4 0 
Picke’s Banquet of Pleasure, fur- 

nished with choyce Love-Po- 

sies, Songs, Satyrs, Epigrams, 

&c. 1639 eoeeeereroece secese G6 
Pills to Purge Melancholy, 1661 5 0 
Pasquil’s Palinodia, and his Pro- 
_ gresse to the Taverne, with a 
' Pleasant Pinte of Poetical 

Sherry, a Poem .....-- epee 
Pasquil’s Mad-cappe, thrown at 

the Corruptions of these Times, 

a Poem, 1626 --++++«+++e0+. 8 O 0 
Mr. Perry was a wise man in every 
sense, for, instead of buying land and 
houses, he speculated in articles in de- 
mand only among fools, aware that he 
should always enjoy a: competition in 
the number of his customers, suflicient 
to keep up the price of articles in de- 
mand by such persons, whatever might 
be the fluctuations of property esteem- 
ed by men of sense. 


pt day 


On? 


° 


ore ee 


on 


214 0 


Literary and Philosophical Intelligence. 


437 

Speedily will appear, a work called 
Macrulean, a tale of the last century ; 
by P. Croiny, author of “the Cham- 
ber of Affliction,” &c. 

The Exhibition of the present year 
is not so interesting as usual. There 
is less history and landscape, and so 
much portrait, that the rooms forma 
kind of Vanity Fair. The same per- 
sons, too, are repeated till the specta- 
tors are nauseated with them; and 
though men in official stations, yet 
they are generally persons in no public 
estimation. Even the prominent pieces 
in history have no just moral charac-, 
ter, for the bribery and treachery 
which enabled the Prussians to ap- 
proach undisturbed, and gain the bat- 
tle of Waterloo, strip the affair of its 
poetic glory; and the Romans, even 
under the yoke of the Cesars, paid 
few tributes to the victory of Pharsa- 
lia. The subsequent deaths of Ney 
and Napoleon withered, too, the equi- 
vocal laurels which had been gained. 
It is worse therefore than weakness to 
continue to pay artists to emblazon 
this subject ; and yet Wilkie and others 
have prostrated their transcendant ta- 
lents at the shrine of wealth and 
power. At the same time, though the 
subjects may be impugned, yet in exe- 
cution we conceive the British School 
has arrived at its limit of perfection. 
Finer portraits in every quality of art, 
and more exquisite specimens of land- 
scape, never were produced in any 
age or country, than many of the pic- 
tures in this Exhibition ; nor must we 
omit to notice the Statuary, which is 
of the first order of merit, as well in 
busts as in groupes. 

An exhibition, calculated to convey 
unqualified pleasure, is that of Mr. 
Martin’s Pictures in Piccadilly. In 
design they are poetical, and often sub-~ 
lime, while they unite the perfection of 
execution, colouring, and harmony. In 
a word, they are among the best pic- 
tures ever produced by any British 
artist. 

The house at Weston, near Olney, 
in Bucks, so long occupied by Cow- 
per, and of which a view was given in 
our last, is, we learn, ima state of dila- 
pidation. It is occupied by paupers ; 
the garden, which the poet delighted 
to cultivate and adorn, is ruined, and 
the bust of Homer placed there by him 
removed. 

Memoirs of George Heriot, jeweller 
to King James 1. are in the press, 
with some account of the Hospital 
founded 


433 


founded by him at. Edinburgh, in one 
volume, foolscap octavo, with plates. 

The Key to Nicholson’s Mathema- 
tics, and the new volume of Dodsley’s 
Annual Register, will be ready on the 
5th of June. 

A History of England is preparing 
for publication, with conversations at 
the end of each chapter, intended for 


young persons, by Mrs. MarkuaM; in 


two volumes, duodecimo, with nume- 
rous engravings of costumes, &c. 

The third part of Mr. Ruopes’ 
Peak Scenery, or Excursions in Der- 
byshire, will be published in the course 
of the ensuing menth, These Excur- 
sions, are illustrated with a series of 
beautiful engravings by Mr.Cooke, 
from drawings recently made by Mr. 
Chantrey, R.A. 

A. series of spirited Etchings of 
Views, &c. are nearly ready for pabli- 
cation, illustrative of, and forming a 
valuable acquisition to, FAULKNER’s 
“ History and Antiquities of Kensing- 
ton,” from original drawings by Ro- 
bert Banks. 

Mr. Busby is about to publish the 
Plan and Elevation of the Capitol, in 
the City of Washington, from mea- 
surements taken, and documents ob- 
tained on the spot, by himself, in 1819. 

Shortly will be published, Cumnor, 
and other Plays and Poems, by E. B. 
Impey, M.A. of Christ Church, Oxford. 

Traditional Tales of the Wnglish 
and, Scottish Peasantry, by ALLAN 
CUNNINGHAM, are in the press. 

Scholastica Doctrina, or Lectures to 
Young Gentlemen at Boarding-school, 
on the various Branches of a Liberal 
Education, with a characteristic view 
of the most approved elementary 
books of instruction ; also on the con- 
duct and duties of life; are preparing 
for publication, by J. K. Kent, of 
Rupton Seminary, Herts. 

Mr. Bourne has in the press, an 
enlarged edition of a Gazetteer, of the 
most Remarkable Places in the World. 

It appears from Mr. HigHMoRE’s 
important. work, entitled, ‘* Philan- 
thropia Metropolitana,” that the cha- 
ritable institutions of London extend 
in number to nearly 500. 

Miss Scort, of Kendal, has in the 
press a volume of Poems, original and 
selected, 

A neweditionof Newton’s Principia, 
from the famous Jesuit edition, with all 
their notes, will speedily be publish- 
ed, from the.Glasgow University press, 
eorrected by a Cambridge scholar. 


Literary and Philosophical Intelligence. 


[June 1, 

The Modern Art of Fencing, in 
which the most recent improvements 
in the use of the manly foils are clearly 
elucidated, agreeably to the methods 
of the most’ eminent masters in Europe, 
by Le Sieur Guzman RoLANDO, of the 
Académie des Armes, is in’ the press. 
A Technical Glossary, in French and 
English, of the Terms which relate to 
the Use of the Sword, is'added; and 
the whole is carefully revised' by J. 8. 
Forsyrn, formerly a pupil of Le Sieur 
Guzman Rolando. 

futhanasia, or the State of Man 
after Death, by the Rev. L. Booker, 
LL.D. viear of Dudley, will be pub-. 
lished in the course of the next month. 

A new edition of: Thomas Covr’s 
searce and valuable work on Regene- 
ration, Faith, and Repentance; ‘to 
which will be prefixed his two Ser- 
mons on Imputed Righteousness; 
edited by the Rev. Jonn Rexs, of 
Rodborough; is printing in duodecimo. 

The eighth edition of “Female 
Scripture Characters,” by the late 
Mrs. King, witha Sketch of the Life of 
the Author, will shortly be published. 

The Book of Fate, which itis feigned 
was formerly in the possession of Na- 
poleon, and found in his cabinet after 
the battle of Leipsic, has been trans- 
lated from the German, and will be 
published this month, ; 

We are happy to see that Acts 
were passed in the. last Sessions for 
lighting with gas, Leicester, Bristol, 
Hull, Coventry, four miles on -the 
Essex road, Newport, Isle of Wight, 
Chichester, Brentford, &c. Dudley, 
Portsea, Poplar, Barnsley, and Ips- 
wich. More towns of above: 10,000 
inhabitants are’ now lighted in this 
way than are not. 

RUSSIA. 

English literature is rapidly ad- 
vancing in Poland. Lord Byron’s 
“Bride of Abydos,” and Sir Walter 
Scott’s ‘Lay of the Last Minstrel,” 
have already been translated; and 
several other English poetical works 
are in forwardness. Shakspeare’s 
plays are an object of study; and the 
principal ones are frequently per- 
formed at Wilna, Cracow, Warsaw, 
and Leopol. m 

The Polish Count Dzialinski has ~ 
lately carried from Paris to Warsaw 
a work, which he is said to have pur- — 
chased for its weight in gold. It is a ~ 
volume of about thirty or forty leaves, — 
in’ small’ folio, in’ Napoleon’s own 
hand, the authenticity of whichis con- 
firmed 


1822.] 


firmed by the certificate and signatures 
of Count Montholon, Baron Mounier, 
and the Duke of Bassano. The work 
contains in part highly interesting do- 
cuments towards the history of the 
age,—from the time when he saw him- 
self suddenly put out of activity, as 
general of brigade, till the commence- 
ment of the war; there is a plan for 
the improvement of ‘Turkish artillery, 
with several pieces relating to the 
Italian campaign, entirely in his own 
hand. But by far the most remark- 
able; most important, and boldest do- 
cument, is the plan for the first Spa- 
nish campaign, which he dictated to 
the Duke of Abrantes; accompanied 
by a great many notes, developing his 
secret plans respecting the boundaries 
of France and Austria. 
GERMANY. 

A German translation is in prepa- 
ration, by M. Corra, of Tubingen, of 
Sir Richard Phillips’s new System of 
Physical Philesophy. ‘The country of 
Kepler is a soil in which philosophical 
truth can scarcely fail to flourish, pro- 
vided Societies have not been formed 
there, the members of which stand 
pledged to one another to support all 
existing opinions, and render all en- 
quiry subservient to the prejudices of 
their own education. 

An immense skeleton of the mam- 
moth, and another of an elephant, have 
been dug up in the district of Honter, 
in Hungary. 

ITALY. 

Canova is said to have just finished 

an admirable group of Mars and 


Proceedings of Public Societies. 


439 
Venus, which is designed for George 
the Fourth. 

By the munificence of the Pope, the 
triumphal arch of Titus at Rome is 
about being restored to its ancient 
splendour. The labours in the Coli- 
seum are also rapidly proceeding, and 
it is hoped that it will soon again be 
seen in its pristine form. An Egyp- 
tian obelisk, covered with hierogly- 
phics, which once belonged to the 
circus of Aurelian, and which had 
been presented by a princess of the 
house of Barberini to Pope Ganga- 
nelli,isshortly to be raised in the square 
of the twelve Apostles. 

Accounts from Rome state the num- 
ber of Jesuits now living in Europe 
and America to be about 2000. The 
same number was left by their founder 
at his death. Their present general 
is Father Fortis, who resides in Rome. 
In Italy and Sicily alone there are 
700 Jesuits, who already occupy 
eighteen colleges. Atthe time of their 
suppression, the number of Jesuits 
amounted to 22,000. 

FRANCE. 

The Royal Library of France in 
1791 possessed 150,600 volumes, now 
it has 450,000; in 1783 it had only 
2,700 portfolios with prints, now it has 
5,700; and, as the library annually 
increases its stock with 9,000 works, 
(viz. 3,000 foreign, and 6,000 French,) 
the number would be doubled within 
fifty years. Yetitis to be regretted 
that, from want of room, a great many 
of these books are still packed up in 
boxes, or are lying about the floors. 


PROCEEDINGS OF PUBLIC SOCIETIES. 


a 


LITERARY AND PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY 
OF MANCHESTER. 

Remarks tending to facilitate the Analy- 
sis of Spring and Mineral Waters ; 
by JouN DALTON. 

T cannot but fall under the obser- 
vation of every one, that the health 
and comfort of families, and the con- 
veniences of domestic life, are mate- 
rially affected by the supply of that 
most necessary article, water. The 
quality of water is undoubtedly of 
great importance in the arts of brew- 
ing, baking, and various others con- 
nected with the preparation of food ; 
as also in the washing and bleaching 
of linen and cotton, and in other ope- 
ration where cleanliness is the object 


in view. Many of the manufactories 
are materially interested likewise in 
the qualities of water, and in the me- 
thods of rendering it subservient to 
their exigencies whenit happens to be 
presented to them in an obnoxious 
form. On all these accounts I thought 
it might be of some service to offer a 
few remarks on the subject, which, 
perhaps, may benefit those who have 
not made the science of chemistry. a 
peculiar object of study. 

Most writers consider the analysis 
of waters as a problem requiring great 
skill and acquaintance with chemistry ; 
but the modern improvements in that 
science have rendered it much less so 
than formerly, It is true, that the 

variety 
9 


~ 


440 


variety of elements sometimes found 
in water, and the extremely small 
quantities of them, are discouraging 
circumstances when the object of ana- 
lysis is to ascertain both the kind and 
quantity. of these foreign elements. 
They may both, however, be investi- 
gated without much labour, when pro- 
per means are used; and, perhaps, a 
little practice may render a person 
qualified to undertake the task, who 
is no great adept in chemical science 
in general. 

Most spring-water that is obtained 
by sinking some depth into the earth, 
contains lime held in solution by some 
one or more acids, particularly the 
carbonic and sulphuric acids. 

It is to these salts, the carbonate 
and sulphate of lime principally, that 
spring-water owes its quality of hard- 
ness, as it is called; a very singular 
and astonishing quality, when it is 
considered as produced by so ex- 
tremely small a portion of the earthy 
salt. The other earthy salts, or those 
of magnesia, barytes, ‘and alumine, 
produce the same effect nearly, but 
they are rarely met with, compared 
with those of lime. 

When any earthy salt is dissolved 
in pure distilled or rain water, it in- 
creases the specific gravity of the 
water; but, in the instance of spring- 
water in general, this test is rendered 
of little use, because the increase of 
spe. gra. is so small as almost to elude 
the nicest instrument that can be made. 
I have however an instrument, made 
by an artist in this town, which is no- 
thing more than the common glass 
hydrometer, but with an unusually 
fine small stem, that shows the supe- 
rior gravity of spring-water. It can- 
not, indeed, be brought in competition 
with other methods for ascertaining 
the relative hardness of spring-water, 
but it is a most useful instrument in 
other departments of chemical inves- 
tigation, particularly in determining 
minute portions of residual salt after 
precipitations.* It may well be con- 
ceived, that the sp. gravity cannot 
constitute a test of the hardness of 


* The scale of the hydrometer is one 
inch and a half long, and it is divided into 
25°, each degree corresponding nearly to 
*0004; the difference between distilled 
water and common spring-water is usually 
about 1° on the instrument; and that be- 
tween distilled or rain-water and the 
strongest lime-water is 4°. 


Proceedings of Public Societies, 


[June 7, 


water, when we find that one grain of 
earthy salt, dissolved in 2000 grains of 
pure water, converts itinto the hardest 
spring-water that is commonly found. 

We shall now proceed to notice 
some of the most useful tests in the 
analysis of waters. 

1. Soap-Test—When a piece of 
soap is agitated in distilled or pure 
rain-water, a part of it is dissolved, 
producing a milky liquid, which con- 
tinues for many days unaltered. But 
when soap is agitated with hard spring- 
water, the milkiness produced almost 
instantly degenerates into a curdy 
substance, which rises to the surface, 
and leaves the liquid below nearly 
transparent. This curdy substance is 
understood to be the earth of the salt 
combined with the oil of the soap. It 
has a glutinous unpleasant feel when 
rubbed upon the hands, and soils glass 
and other vessels, so as to require hard 
pressure of a cloth to remove it. 
Though this test sufficiently distin- 
guishes hard water from soft or pure 
water, it is not equal to form an accu- 
rate comparison of the hardness of two 
kinds of water. : 

2.. Lime-water Test.—Most spring- 
water, fresh from the well, will exhibit 
milkiness by lime-water ; this is usually 
occasioned by the water holding su- 
percarbonate of lime in solution; the 
addition of lime-water reduces the su- 
percarbonate to carbonate, which is 
insoluble, and falls down in the state 
of a white granular powder. When 
a spring contains nothing but super- 
carbonate of lime, which is the case 
with the water of an excellent pump 
in this neighbourhood, lime-water is 
the only test wanted to ascertain the 
proportion of salt init. Leta given 
portion of the spring-water be satu- 
rated by lime-water, adding it as long 
as milkiness ensues; the carbonate of 
lime is precipitated, and may be de- 
termined by the usual means. I find 
it, however, rather preferable to add 
a small excess of lime-water, to secure 
the precipitation of the whole ‘acid:' 
when the salt has subsided, the clear 
liquid may be poured off, and tested 
by an acid, and the salt may be dis- 
sélved by test muriatic or nitric acids. 
Thus the whole quantity of lime will 
be found; from which, deducting that 
added in lime-water, there will remain 
the lime in the spring-water originally 
combined with the carbonic acid. In 
this way I find the supercarbonate of 

lime, 


1822] 


lime, in five ounces of the water above 
mentioned, to consist of 
“oy 48 lime, ; 

.77 carb. acid, 


‘ 1.25 

being about one grain of salt in 2000 
of water. This kind of water is hard, 
and curdles soap; but it is much sof- 
tened by boiling, and deposits the in- 
crustation so often found in kettles, &e. 
If water contains sulphate of lime along 
with supercarbonate, the same treat- 
ment may still be adopted, as far as 
respects the supercarbonate. I have 
recently found, with some surprise, 
that the supercarbonate of lime, as I 
call it, existing in waters, or made 
artificially, is rather an alkaline than 
acid compound. 

3, Acetate and Nitrate of Lead Tests. 
—These salts are easily obtained in 
great purity, and are excellent tests 
for carbonic and sulphuric acid, which 
they precipitate immediately in combi- 
nation with the lead. If the precipi- 
tate be treated with nitric acid, the 
carbonate of lead is instantly dissolved, 
and the sulphate of lead (if present) 
remains undissolved, and may be col- 
lected and dried; from which the 
quantity of sulphuric acid may be de- 
termined. | 

4. Nitrate and Muriate of Barytes 
Tests —W hen the object is to ascertain 
the presence of sulphuric acid, either 
free or combined, these are the best 
tests. The sulphate of barytes is per- 
haps the most insoluble salt known. 
Even rain-water collected from slated 
houses, though softer than spring or 
river water, exhibits by these tests one 
grain of sulphuric acid in twenty or 
thirty grains. 

5. Oxalie Acid Test—When the 
object is to obtain the lime, either free 
or combined, in any water, this is the 
best test. It may be proper to adda 
little ammonia in some cases of com- 
bined lime. The oxalate of lime 
slowly precipitates in. the state of an 
insoluble salt. The quantity of lime 
may be ascertained, either by collect- 
ing the precipitate, or by carefully and 
gradually adding the due quantity of 
acid, and no more, when the strength 
of the acid has been previously ascer- 
tained. 

6. Nitrates of Silver and Mercury 
Tests.—These are tests of muriatic 
acid or of muriates; the muriates of 
silver and mercury are formed, both 
insoluble salts. It does not often hap- 

Monruty Mac. No. 368, 


Literary and Philosophical Society of Manchester. 


441 


pen that spring-waters contain notable 
proportions of the muriatic acid, either 
free or combined. 

7. Sulphuretted Hydrogen-water and 
Hydro-sulphuretsx—These are excel- 
lent tests for lead, mercury, and several 
metals, giving peculiar insoluble preci- 
pitates of the sulphurets of those me- 
tals. One grain of lead precipitated 
by sulphuretted hydrogen, would be 
sufficient to give a great many gallons 
of water a dark-brown tinge. When 
sulphuretted hydrogen is found in mi- 
neral waters, as those of Harrowgate, 
it may be known by the smell; but 
solutions of lead are much superior 
tests, giving a black or brown tinge to 
such waters immediately. 

8. Tincture of Galls and Prussiates 
of Potash and Lime Tests——These are 
proper for the detection of iron, the 
former giving a black precipitate, and 
the latter a blue one; but a portion of 
the solution of oxymuriate of lime re- 
quires to be added previously to the 
water, if it contains the green oxide of 
iron in solution, in order to convert it 
1o the red oxide. 

There are many other tests than 
those I have enumerated, but they are 
more!than can usually be wanted in 
the analysis of ordinary springs. My 
object.is not to give a catalogue of 
tests, but to show in what manner 
their application may be improved, 
and reduced to a system intelligible to 
moderate proficients. 

The improvements I would propose 
in the use of tests are, that the exact 
quantities of the ingredients in cach 
test should be previously ascertained 
and marked on the label of the bottle; 
this might easily be done in most of 
them in the present state of chemical 
science. We should then drop in 
certam known quantities of each from 
a dropping tube graduated into grains, 
till the required effect was produced ; 
then, from the quantity of the test re- 
quired, the quantity of saline matter 
in the water mizht be determined 
without the trouble of collecting the 
precipitate; or, if this was done, the 
one method would be a check upon 
the other. 

I shall now close this imperfect 
sketch by a few observations and ex- 
periments, which I have noticed in 
the course of the present weck, rela- 
tive to the subject before us. 

I assayed the water supplied by the 
Manchester water-works, and found 
it nearly as I expected; river-water 

« ra js 


AA 
is most commonly softer than ‘spring’ 
water, and” harder than’ rain-water. 
This is the case ‘with the water ‘in 
question. It contains a very “Tittle 
sulphate of Time, and some ‘carbonate 5 
but only one-half of the earthy matter 
that the above-mentioned pump-water 
contains. It curdles a little with soap, 
but gives no precipitate with lime-wa- 
ter. It contains about one grain of 
earthy salts in 4000 of water. 

When spring-water contains super- 
carbonate of lime, boiling it precipi- 
tates the greater part of the carbonate, 
and expels the excess of acid: Hence 
the furring of pans and tea-kettles with 
this kind of water. By boiling the 
water it is of course rendered much 
softer than before. It may then be 
used for washing, scarcely curdling 
soap; but it still contains about one- 
third of the earthy salt, and gives 
milkiness with acetate of lead. Ifa 
water contain only sulphate of lime, 
boiling does not, f apprehend, soften 
it at all. 

‘When spring-water is used by ma- 
nufacturers for washing, &c. it is 
advantageous to have it some time 
exposed to the atmosphere, in a reser- 
voir with a large surlace. This expo- 
sition suffers the carbonic acid in part 
to escape, and the carbonate of lime 
to precipitate; and in some degree 
supersedes the necessity of boiling the 
water. The more any spring is drawn 
from, the softer the water becomes, it 
should seem. I have this morning 
examined a spring, which yields many 
thousand gallons every day. The wa- 
ter is comparatively soft ; it does not 
curdle scarcely at all with soap; it is 
very nearly as soft as the before-men- 
tioned pump-water boiled. ‘The hard- 
ness in it arises froma little sulphate of 
lime and a little carbonate. 

One of the most striking facts I 


New Patents and Mechanical Inventions. 


[June ty 
have observed is; thatall spring-water 
containing’ carbonate or supercarbo- 
nate of lime, is essentially imy-or alka= 
line ‘by the odlour tests.: °Amd this 
alkalinity isnot’ destroyed tillsome 
more’ powerful ‘acid, ‘such as the sal- 
phuric or muriatic, is added, sufficient 
to saturate the whole of the limes :In- 
deed these acids may be considered as 
sufficient’ for ‘tests of the ‘quanitity of 
lime in such waters, and nothing more 
is required than to mark the quantity 
of acid necessary to neutralize ‘the 
lime. It does not signify whether the 
spring-water is boiled or unboiled, nor 
whether it contains sulphate of lime 
along with the carbonate; it is still 
limy, in proportion to the quantity of 
carbonate of lime it contains.» Agree+ 
ably to this idea, too, I find that the 
metallic oxides, as those of iron or 
copper, are thrown down by commoir 
spring-water, just the same as by free 
lime. Notwithstanding ‘this, carbo- 
nate of lime in solution with water 
contains twice the acid that chalk or 
limestone does, I fully expected) the 
superearbonate of lime in selution to 
be acid. But it is strougly alkaline; 
and scarcely any quantity of carbonic 
acid water put to it will overcome this 
alkalinity. Pure carbonic acid water 
is, however, acid to the tests.. [could 
not be convinced of the remarkable 
fact stated in this paragraph, till IT 
actually formed supercarbonate of 
lime, by supersaturating lime- water in 
the usual way, till the liquid fron) be- 
ing milky became clear.’ It still con- 
tinued limy, and was even doubtfully 
so when two or three times the quan- 
tity of acid was added. It» should 
seem, then, to be'as impossible fo ob- 
tain a neutral carbonate of Jime; as it 
is to obtain: a neutral carbonate of 
ammonia in the sense here attached to 
the word neutral, i 


NEW PATENTS AND MECHANICAL INVENTIONS. 


——— 


To. ALEXANDER HALtBuRTON, of Haigh 
Tron-works, near Wigan, esq..for cer- 
tain Improvements in Steam Engines 
and Bowlers. 

HE pressure of steam.has hitherto 

been considered as the only cause 
of the bursting er explosion, of steam- 
engine boilers, and, consequently the 
means. of prevention have been chiefly 
confined to the improvement and regu- 
lation of the safety-valve. It will, 
however, appear, from a closer atten- 
tion to the subject, that the mere ex- 


pansive force of steam does not suffi- 
ciently account for all the phenomena. 
In many of the cases related, and in 
one which came under his own, obser- 
vation, the boilers were not only burst 
but actually raised up from their seats, 
and carried to a considerable distance, 
along with bricks and other matters at- 
tached to them, which could not haye 
taken place from the pressure of steam 
in_a boiler from which the atmosphere 
is excluded, for there it acts alike in 
all directions, upwards, downwards, 

1 and 


1822.] 
and laterally. Some other agent must, 
therefore, be looked for besides the 
mere expansive force. of the steam. 
This cause appears.to Mr. H. to be the 
explosion of hydrogen gas, arising from 
the decomposition of the water by the 
iron, and which under certain circum- 
stances comes. in contact with, the 
flame of the furnace. When the pres- 
sure) of steam is great, which it neces- 
savily aust be in the non-condensing 
engine, or When the feeding apparatus 
géts deranged, a sufficient supply of 
water is. prevented, and consequently 
some portion of the, bottom and sides of 
the boiler, which are in immediate con- 
tact with the fire, are left uncovered ; 
under these circumstances the parts of 
the boiler so. exposed are soon heated 
to redness, and the water that remains 
in its lower cavities in a state of ebulli- 
tion; coming at brief intervals over the 
red hot parts of the vessel, some portion 
of every wave is decomposed, and hy- 
drogen gas produced. If, in such cir- 
cumstances, the over heated metal is 
mielied: or burst through by pressure, 
thegas will rush through the aperture 
into the furnace, and, meeting with 
flame; will instantly be exploded. 
Another cause of the rapid destruction 
of steam-boilers arises from the impu- 
rity of the water employed, | At sea, or 
inrivers where the waters of the ocean 
have access, there is held in solution 
marine salt, and other saline and earthy 
matters, which are more or less depo- 
sifed.on the bottom of the boilers, in 
proportion(.to the quantity converted 
into steam. The waters of the greater 
number ‘of springs also, hold earthy 
wnatters in solution, which are likewise 
precipitated. in the same manner. 
This deposit, besides hastening the de- 
‘composition of the boiler, forms a hard 
crust slowly permeable by heat, which, 
re-acting upon the nietal, soon causes 
the destruction of some part.of the 
boiler.» If the foregoing views of this 
important subject are correct, and 
from the facts stated there seems to be 
no doubt but that they are so, it will 
follow that no precautions short of pre- 
venting the production and éxplosion 
of hydrogen gas, and the deposition of 
‘sediment on the bottom of the boiler, 
will prevent the recurrence ' of those 
terrible events, the subject of so much 
dread and alarm to the “public. | Mr. 
H’s boiler is ‘therefore formed ‘upon 
Acai which willeffectually obviate 
hese’great evils ; first, by insuring such 


New Patents and Mechanical Inventions. 


443 


a. supply of water as to keep the boiler 
always filled to a point above all the 
parts. that are exposed to the immediate. 
action. of the fire... This he accom- 
plishes by a water-regulating valve, so 
constructed as to descend with the wa- 
ter in the boiler, and by means of 
levers operating upon a valve in the 
steam-pipe to stop the motion of the 
engine altogether, before the water in 
the boiler can be so far exhausted as 
to leave any part of the inner surface 
of its bottom dry. And, secondly, by 
preventing the saline or earthly depo- 
sits from resting upon any part, or 
parts subject to the principal action of 
the furnace. ‘The tops of the flues in 
this boiler are the only parts in imme- 
diate contact with the fire; and, in 
order effectually to prevent any depo- 
sit from settling thereon, he places a 
shelf or shelves, saddle or saddles, of 
iron, wood, or other convenient mate- 
rials, horizontally, diagonally, or in 
any other position that may be judged 
best, in some part within the boiler, 
between the upper and lower surfaces 
of the water, to receive the earthy, sa- 
line, or other impurities, which may be 
precipitated from the water during its 
conversion into steam. From which 
shelf or shelves, saddle or saddles, the 
said deposits are either remoyed or al- 
lowed to precipitate into the cavities 
between the flues, and from thence 
taken away occasionally by means of 
proper doors or other contrivances for 
that purpose.— Repertory, 


To Mr. Cuarves TuELY, of Kenton- 
street; for certain Improvements on 
Window-Sashes of all Descriptions, 
which may be applied to Old or New 
Windows. 

These improvements on sashes are by 
making them turn, so that the outsides 
may fall inwards, which is done by 
fixing hanging stiles to the sides of the 
sashes, the hanging .stiles and_sash- 
stiles being so rebated as to render 
them weather-tight and connected by 
hinges, and so boxed in'each way to the 
stiles as to make ‘them: strong and 
durable. esai9 

Neither bolts nor fastenings are re- 
quired to prevent’ their turning when 
closed.’ The purpose of this invention 
is to avoid accidents: from getting on 
the outside of windows to clean, paint, 
or glaze them) also ta prevent their 
rattling by the wind, and for venti- 
lation, 

HYDRAULIC 


Add 


Mr. Spay doce 


exhibition of an mvexition! of his, the 
Hydraulic Orrery, which has excited 
considerable attentiom among the lovers 
of astronomy ‘and of general science: 
The object of Mr. Busby’s invention is 
not only’ to shéw the various positions 
of the heavenly bodies, at the different 
periods of their revolutions, but to pro- 
duce aself-acting machine, that should 
imitate those silently gliding and har- 
monious movements whichcharacterize 
the planetary evolutions. 

‘To effect these points Mr. B. has 
provided a circular reservoir, five feet 
diameter, in the centre of which a 
floating vessel bears the sun, elevated 
considerably from the surface of the 
fluid : this vessel is made to revolve by 
the re-active impulse of water dis- 
charged in a minute lateral stream from 
a siphon, The earth and moon are 
also borne at equal elevations by float- 
ing vessels, and are. similarly moved, 
excepting only the introductionof such 
mechanical modifications as were ne- 
cessary to produce the parallelism of 
the - earth’s axis, and the changing 
nodes of the moon’s orbit. The whole 
apparatus ultimately performs the an- 
nual orbit by means of a larger re-act- 
ing siphon, which carries off the water 
previously used to effect the other 
movements. 

This apparatus, which is situated in 
the .centre of the room, is purposely 
confined, to the elucidation of the mo- 
tions,of the three bodies most interest- 
ing \to us; viz. the sun, the earth, and 
the moon; but another machine, which 
equally deserves our notice, imitates, in 
silent but perpetual harmony, the mo- 
tions of Jupiter and his satellites. ‘This 
is also a floating apparatus; but the 
_ most curious circumstances attending 
it are, that the whole is moved by a 
stream of rarefied air, produced by one 
small lamp, and that this lamp is so 
contrived, as to: impart,a, rotatory mo- 
tion.over a surface of ,water three feet 
in diameter; ;which being communi- 
cated to four floating rings, , bearing the 
‘satellites, they/are made ‘to revolve at 
their ‘proper: distances about) the 'pri- 
mary,’ and!’ with’ velocities ‘regularly 
diminishing, as innature, and doubtless 
from similar mechanism. Mr, Busby 
givés evening lectures; twice a-week, 
for the conyeltience of those who may 


ERY~«~ 


New Patents and Mechanical Inventions. 


nily ‘dpened an ‘d 


[June f, 


be unable to, attend the exhibition by: 
ay. ° 

This invention: has been honoured 
with a gold medal from the Society of 
Arts, and with a testimonial from some 
leading’ scientific characters, among 
whom are Drs, Hutton, Gregory, and 
Kelly, and Messrs. Troughton and %. 
and I’. Bramah. 

In the machine in which’ Mr.’ B. 
has represented the action of a cen- 
tral force through a, fluid, on, a sys-- 
tem like that, of Jupiter’s,,moons, ,he 
seems to. have, succeeded, perhaps 
without intending it, in illustrating, the 
great principle of the new philosophy, 
which teaches, that all the planetary 
motions are produced by the action of a 
central body on the medium of space; 
which medium, as well as all ‘fluids, 
propagates forces with an imtensity 
which is inversely as the squares of the 
distance, and hence the law which has 
been mistakenly ascribed to a, prin- 
ciple of gravitation. 


LIST OF PATENTS FOR NEW INVENTIONS, 
George Stratton, of Hampstead-road, 

Middlesex, engineer; for, an, improyed 

process of consuming smoke.—-March.2., 

James Gladstone, of Liverpool, ,iron- 
monger; for a chain of a new and, im- 
proved constrnction.—March 12. 

Robert Bartlett Bate, of the Pouliry, 
London, optician; for certain ,improye- 
ments upon bydrometers and) saccharo- 
meters,—March 21. 

W. E. E. Conwell, of Ratelifie Highway, 
surgeon ; for animprovement in the prepa- 
ration and application of a. certain purga- 
tive vegetable oil.—March 21, | ,,;; 

Samuel Robinson, of Leeds, cloth-dres- 
ser; for certain, improvements. on, a ma- 
chine for shearing aud cropping woollen 
cloth,—March 21. 

George Stephenson, of Long Benton, 
Northumberland ; for, certain, improye- 
ments in steam.engines.—~ March 21. 

Richard. Summers, Harford, of Ebbw 
Vale iron works, .Monmouthshire, iron- 
master; for; an improvement in the heat- 
ing. processes in the manufacture of bar, 
rod, sheet, and other description, of) mal- 
leable iron, whether the:same may, have 


_been previously. prepared by. the pudling 


or other modes of refining, March 21... 

William Chareh, of Nelson square, Sur- 
rey, for,an improved apparatus for print- 
ing. March 21. 

Alexander Clark, of Dron, ‘Leuchars, 
Fifeshire, es ; fonan improvement the 
boilers and condensers of steam, engines. 
March aA. 


NEW 


1822; ]' 


[) 445°} 


NEW BOOKS PUBLISHED JN. MAY: 


WITH AN HISTORICAL AND CRITICAL, PROEMIUM. 


Authors or Publishers, desirous of 


——— 
seeing, an early notice, of their Works, are 


requested to transmit copies before the 18th of the Month. 
ia 5 


"TRE first part of an Analytical Dictionary 
of the English Language, by DAviD 
Boortu, has appeared within the month. It 
has often struck us as being singular, that, 
among the many competitors whoare con- 
stantly striving in the literary games, none 
sliould have thought of smoothing and ren- 
dering attractive the approach to that upon 
which they all depend—language. Every 
book, even the most trifling, has some sort 
of organization and connexion, something 
which gives it at least the charm of exist- 
ence; but the Dictionary, the Genctrix 
Libronum, has, as it were, since it was first 
heard of, been a dull, disjointed, and un- 
connected mass, of which the consulting af= 
forded little profit and no pleasure. True, 
amid the rubbish there were gems, but 
then there was no divining rod to guide one 
to where they lay ; and no association by 
which, after they had been found, they 
could be bound to the memory. This dul- 
néss, this dryness, and this want of real uti- 
lity, are natural, and perhaps necessary 
consequences of the alphabetical arrange- 
ment, in the adopting of which, the value 
of the® thing sought for has been wholly 
sacrificed to the ease of'seeking it. ‘Those 
nicer’shades of meaning, the knowledge 
of which at once constitutes the power 
and the philosophy of language, cannot be 
known from short insulated definitions of 
detached words; and heuce, even the best 
of our alphabetical dictionaries are merely 
heaps of loose synonymies, which, instead 
of telling you-the meaning of one word, 
merely furnish you with another of which 
you are as ignorant as of the first. We 
trankly confess, that, while we were often 
struck with the serious nature of this de- 
fect, we never once thought of any means 
by which it could be supplied; and, so 
habituated were we to consider an alpha- 
‘betical arrangement as a sine qua non in 
the forination of a dictionary, that, when 
we heard that Mr. Booth’s long and assi- 
duious lafours' were to come before the 
world withont that fundamental requisite, 
‘we could not help thinking that his book, 
However ‘acute ‘or profound, could not be 
used. A’ single" glance ‘at the’ work has, 
however, convinced us'that our fears were 
‘groundless; ‘and;\ at’ the same’ time shown 
us, that a dictionary may be made not only 
a connected aiid instructive, but'absolutely 
an’ entertaining book. His «dictionary 
commences with Man; the most interesting 
object of human enquiry, and it pro¢ceds 
by a very natural progress to other sub- 
jects. By this means, the book becomes a 
‘complete body of the philosophy of lan- 
1 


guage, which any one may read. with 
pleasure, and every one with advantage. 
The different words do not stand like so 
many insulated candles, each cut off from 
the others by the dark lanthorn of its own 
little paragraph, but in a clear and unin- 
terrupted space, where each borrows light 
from those around it. At the same time, 
the meaning of any single term may be 
found with little more labour than in a 
common dictionary. An alphabetical in- 
dex contains the words, with the pages in 
which they are explained ; so that all the 
additional labour is the consulting of this 
index. In the part now published, the 
index is placed at the end; but we would, 
when the work is completed, recommend 
the printing of the index in a separate 
volume, As the leading superiority of 
this work consists in the arrangement, it’ is 
not possible by an extract to convey any 
adequate idea of it; we shall, however, 
subjoin one, merely as a specimen of the 
style in which it is written; and, as our 
limits do not admit of an analysis, we can 
only recommend the work to the perusal of 
our readers, which we do with the utmost 
confidence: 
—‘The Roman senators, (from Senex, 
old) or elders of the people, chosen, by 
Romulus, at the institution of the Republic, 
on account of their age and wisdom, 
were called Putres, fathers. Their de- 
scendants were termed Patricii, patricians ; 
and, for some time, were exclusively in 
possession of all dignities—civil, military, 
and religious. They formed the nobility 
of the land; all others being plébes,, or 
common people. [tis hence that we have 
Patrician, siguifying noble, and Plebeian, 
common or vulgar. They are used both as 
substantives and adjectives. A.Patrician 
is a nobleman, adverting. to his right of 
sitting in the senate; and a Plebeian is one 
of the lower orders, ‘To prevent the ha- 
tred ‘and jealousy natural to such ine- 
quality of condition, Romulus ordained 
that every plebeidn should choose a pro- 
tector fromamong the Patrician families. 
This protector was called Patronus, the cri- 
gin of our patron. He was obliged to as- 
sist his protegees in all their undertakings, 
to defend them before'the tribunals; and, 
in short, to do every thing for them which 
a father should do for his children. In re- 
turn, they supplied his wants with their 
money, and supported his cause by their 
suffrages. “They were termed Clientes. 
Our word client retains very little of the 
signification. It is a person who hires an 
advocate to plead a cause ina Bes of 
aw, 


446 


Jaw. The advocate is said’to have many, 
or few, clients.’ ‘Neither’ does ovr pation 


bear the same meaning with the ‘Latin’ 


Patronus.’ Vhe reciprocal duties between 
the nobles and tlie people were, among the 
Romans, as sacred @s' the ties of blond: 
Virgil, speaking 'of the great criminals who 
were punished’ in’ the infernal regions, 
unites, in the same vetse, the son who had 
strick his father, and the patron who had 
betrayed his vlient:— ; 

© Pulsatus-ve Parens, et fraus innexa Clienti? 
But these ties no longer exist. A patron 
(or patroness) is now a voluntary pro- 
tector. His patronage is of the nature of 
a charitable donation; for the patronized 


has no return to make except that of grati- | 


tude, which is too often expressed in the 
language of a sycophant.” 

By the publication of a Tuur through 
part of Belyium and the Rhenish Provinces, 
a very uncommon task has devolved upon 
us; that of criticising a most noble author, 
his Grace the Duke of Rurnanp. The 
excursion, of which this work is a journal, 
was undertaken, at the time of the King’s 
continental tour last year, by the Duke 
and Duchess of Rutland, Lady Elizabeth 
Manners, and John Irving, esq. Although 
this is certainly an amusing work, it does 
not excel the many other publications of 
this kind, with which the press now 
abounds, so much as the peculiar adyan- 
tages to be derived, in many respects, 
from the exalted rank of its author, might 
have led us to expect. The journal com- 
mences at St. Omers, where it also con- 
cludes on the return, and occupies nearly 
a month's time. Each day’s account is 
prefaced with a list of the different postes 
performed, to whiclr succceds a detail of 
occurrences, not always very interesting, 
with perhaps a few remarks on the roads, 
and particularly on any military engage- 
ment which may have occurred at. the 
places through which they passed. There 
are thirteen lithographic plates, from 
sketches by’ the ‘amiable and beautiful 
Duchess. We are very sorry to see this 
ineffective mode of cagravinig in danger of 
being rendered fashionable, by its adop- 
tion here; although 'the platés mi -question 
are certainly executed in Hullmaidel’s best 
manner, ‘fhe sketches by the Duchess, 
from which they are thkeny ‘are Very spi- 
rited and beantifil; ‘and her grace has 
evidently displayed as mech taste ‘in ‘the 
selection as. the execution of the swb+ 
jects. After all, however, ‘Flandérs is'a 
country whieh affords little scope for the 
talents and ‘observations of a tourist; and 
the gencral want of terest in the volume 
seems to arise more' froin the tamé aspect 
of the conntry) and’ the* common-place 
character of the Plemings,° thar from any 
defect of ‘intcHigetee in the ilustrietis 
travellers. + 

On the highly intevesting and important 


Literary and Critical Proémium. 


[June 1, 


subject of Geolory; it has notat any former 
period happened, that two works, so rich 
in well detailed ‘locul facts; have appeared 
together, as those which we have next to 
notice. ‘The first published ‘of these, a 
Geological Survey of the Yorkshire Coast, 
by the Rev. GeorGre Younc, A.m. and 
Joun Bird, artist, gives avery clear and 
intelligent account of the strata which are 
exhibited in the sea cliffs, extending from 
the mouth of the Tees to Bridlington; 
accompanied by an engraved | section, 
which shews the numerous changes ofi dip; 
that local ridges, troughs, and lesser con- 
tortions, together with severalimpontant 
breaks and dislocations of the stvata, occa~ 
sion. This section is |indeedextended to 
the mouth of the Humber, bat the details 
regarding the Holderness stvata are mea 
gre, and by no means justified by theun- 
founded assumption, that alluvial, masses 
only are there found. The inland strata 
of the coast district: of the county, 
extending westward (to the, vicinities 
of North-Allerton, Thirsk, York, «and 
Howden, are described, and) with great 
accuracy, as far as concerns the hilly»pants 
of this district, a map of which is givens 
The able details. which. occupy..one 
hundred pages in theaniddle of the bpolsy 
on the numerous organic remains, belong- 
ing to all the three kingdoms of nature, 
which have been extracted): from °the 
strata, the most interesting of which) re¢ 
liquia are correctly delineated by Mary 
Bird, in sixteen | quarto: lithographed 
plates, constitute that department ofithe 
work, to which we deem. it insportant:te 
call the attention of the scientificand the 
curious. In so doing wet have: only to 
regret, that the remaining pages of ithe 
work had not been applied tovtite) exten- 
tion and more perfect elucidation ‘of, the 
existing facts regarding these remainss; im- 
stead of endeavours ‘by the: reverend yau- 
thor, under the tithe) of: ‘*Inferences, 
Hints, and Conjectures”) to -vevive se x- 
ploded notions respecting their past his- 
tory, and that of the/stratawhich entomb 
them. 

The splendid’ work, next to be menti- 
oned on this subject is entitled; ‘The 
Fossils of the South Downs, or illustrations 
of -the Gevlogy of Sussex,” “by (GrpeoNn 
MANTEL, Fits. Fellow of the Cotlege, of 
Surgeons, Mais, &e.; a most: gratifying 
feature in’ which work is the thirty-five 
plates of organic reniains of the Sussex 
strata, ‘admirably! drawh/and:-engraven iby. 
M's.’ Mu 64! Mantelsthe ingenious wife of 
the ‘author; the dighly curious andgnovel 
subjects of which, although gembracing 
nearly all ‘the! departments sof ionganized 
haturepare deseribedy by Mro Miowith:a 
stiperior degreeof sciontifie /skilk and 
accuracy; whielt have not! Deen! exeeeded 
bya Oavier, or any 6theraveiteb of theages 
The pre-announcement of this workjwhich 

WG 


1822:] - 


we made in page 246 of the. present, .vo- 
lume of the Monthly, Magazines may, ex- 
¢cuse our omission of further \details| here, 
as to the reliquiz described, in order, to 
snbjoin two pleasing extracts, of an ins 
ferential naterey An excellent geological 
Map of the south-eastern, parts of Sussex 
is given, followed by six) plates, of,sec- 
tions. of ‘strata,* .&c.. |} Mr. Mantel, at 
the: conclnsion of his interesting | vo- 
Inme, mentions some important. details 
whicly he has been forced to omit for 
want of) room: we hope and trust that 
the liberal patronage he will now. receive 
from the: public will encourage the pre- 
paration of -a ‘second volume, in which 
these details might» be given, and the 
Tilgate investigation filly, gone into. In 
a preliminary Essay to this superb vo- 
lume;:'which» a ‘clergyman, not named, 
had drawn) up |.and presented to Mr. 
Mantel, we find several excellent remarks, 
regarding the connexion of geology with 
religion, which are alike» calculated to 
advance ‘the interests of both, and do the 
writer great credit.:: On the account in 
Genesis, he observes, that the first object 
of Moses was, “to claim for the.God ‘of 
Israel, the glory of having» created the 
whole visible universe.” His second ob- 


* It should have been mentioned in our 
page justreferred to, thata much lower 
part,lof the British series of strata than 
any which belong to the South-Downs, and 
lying northwards, .considerably detached 
from: the space embraced by Mr. M.’s 
mapyscalled: Tilgate Forest, is the part 
within which such new and extraordinary 
organic remains have lately been found, 
as to create doubts, whether its. strata 
should be associated with those of Stones- 
field,\in Oxfordshire, or with the strata of 
the peninsula of Purbeck, in Dorsetshire ; 
to which, we are desirous of adding, those 
of Lyme-Regis, in the latter county ; and 
of ssuggesting: our, doubts, whether. the 
proper Blue-Lius strata, of Smith's maps 
and descriptions, have really, been-ascer- 
tained on the Dorsetshire coast, or only. 
these ‘Tilgate strata; and, whether both or 
either of them, are identic with those. of 
Stonesfield? ..At.present.our materials are 
far too scanty to,allow of any. satisfactory 
decision: ithe; first, thing requisite, is, an 
acenrate and minute survey and map of the 
whole forest, range, from the, neighbour- 
hood: of Horsham ;to, that,.of, Battle, in 
order tovascertain the whole extent of the 
‘Vilgate stvata,,and in, what, manner the 
same pass mder,or abut against the, strata 
surrounding :themion every,side: we have 
mentioned Battle, because the waved slaty 
sandstone of ‘that| place, and some.other 
circumstances, seem to, indicate the pre- 
sence of the Tilgate stvata/in that part of 
Sussex, and \perliaps | they, extend, further 
eastward. NID 


; 


Literary and Critical, Proémium. 


447 


ject.was, to givejan account of the origin: 
of man, and.of ;that,order of things which 
first. began to exist at.the same time wiili 
man,, Such) being, manifestly the sole ,ob= 
jecis, of .Moses,,all, we, can; reasonably, ex- 
pect from, him, touching scientific poiuts is; 
Jist, thathe, should, say nothing, directly 
contrary to the;certuin conclusions, of phi- 
losophy; secondiy,.that he should, furnish 
some few hints in aid ,of such:conclusions,; 
both of which expectations, he goes on to 
shew, have been fulfilled by) Moses,, who 
says nothing of the creation of the solid 
matter of the earth, on either of the days, 
whether equal or unequal, long:or short, 
of which he has spoken; but, on the con- 
trary, speaks of it as a prior event, having 
happened ‘in the beginning ;” not in any 
short or limited period of time... [n.his 
concluding observations, Mr. Mantel ob- 
serves, ‘‘the strata which the author has 
endeavoured to sketch, “have manifestly, 
with but few exceptious, been formed by, 
gradual deposition at the bottom, of, tranx 
quil seas;. the zoophites. and _shell-fish 
having, in all probability, been enveloped, 
while living in their native beds,...1t, is, 
also evident, that these formations, took 
place at periods snificiently remote from 
each other, to allow of the consolidation 
of the inferior beds, before, the upper.ones 
were deposited; the line, of separation 
being always distinctly marked, and, the 
inhabitants of each formation, essentially, 
diflering from. those contained in . the 
strata, either above or below it.” ; 

In a short pamphlet, just issued, fiom 
the press, entitled, Codification, Proposal, 


reasons would be such as to snow the be- 
neficial 


448 


neficial operation of the law on the happi- 
ness of the people. So much for the code 
itself. With respect to the means to be 
adopted for proeuring such a code, and 
the persons to be employed in the task, 
Mr. Bentham’s notions are peculiar, and 
we cannot, on all points, exactly agree 
with him. He admits that there should 
be an open competition, and requires that 
no public reward should be given to the 
candidates, This is well; but when he 
proceeds to recommend that the draught 
should be, if possible, the work of a sing!e 
hand, that it should be known to be so, 
and further known whose work it is, we 
feel inclined to hesitate before we admit 
the expediency or necessity of these po- 
sitions. A great philosopher, and we 
recognize Mr. Bentham’s title to that 
designation, may be best fitted to guide 
the counse!s and prompt the resolutions of 
ethers, but we cannot allow that even he 
will act or write best alone, and without 
any communication with men of different 
views, habits, and attainments. Nor do 
we see why the single author of such a 
system, supposing it to be adopted, need 
to be held forth so distinctly and point- 
edly. Mr. Bentham’s arguments on this 
head do not convince us:—‘“ Else (says 
Mr. B.) the responsibility and encourage- 
ment are deficient.” The encourage- 
ment to such a scheme would, we trust, be 
found ina deeper motive than ostentation ; 
and as to responsibility, that, it seems to 
us, rests with the government which adopts, 
and not with the anthor who proposes, 
the scheme. We wish these points, which 
are of very secondary consideration, had 
not been so much dwelt upon, as they 
convey an idea,—we are stire,a very un- 
just one,—that all their tendency is to con- 
centrate the work of legislation in Mr. Ben- 
tham alone, ‘particularly as the pamphlet 
eoneludes with testimonials, and honour- 
able ones too, of his capacity, from many 
different quarters. We are confident, for 
our own part, thatit could not be in better 
hands; and in the integrity of his heart, 
in the consciousness of performing a great 
duty, and in the admiration and love of 
the good and the wise, Mr. Bentham will 
find an effectual defence against the hosti- 
lity of the corrupt, and the sneers of the 
ignorant, which he must expect now, as 
heretofore, to be directed against him. 
Mr. T. Moore has lately published a 
third number of the National Melodies, 
equal, if not superior, in al! respects, to 
either of the two former ones. We sub- 
join from it the song adapted to the Ve- 
netian air. It is of that kind in which he 
pre-eminently excels, Highly as we ad- 
mire his more melancholy effusions, we 
think that he surpasses even themin such 
poems as the following. We do not ven- 
ture this observation with any degree of 
positiveness, for we always find that his 


Literary and Critical Procémium. 


[Jane 1, 


poetry, as he himselt has so beautifully ex- 
pressed it— 
Rules like a wizard. the world of the heart, 
And can call up its sunshine, or biing down its 
showers. 
For, whether the reader be in a gay or in 
a grave disposition, when he takes up 
these Melodies, their influence is such as 
to depress or elevate his mind to the tone 
of feeling assumed by the poet. But we 
must not suffer our enthusiastic admiration 
of this author to carry us farther, lest we 
should disappoint our readers, by occupy- 
ing ourselyes the space requisite for the 
promised specimen. 
Row gently here, my gondolier! , 
So softly wake the fide, 
That not an ear on earth may hear 
But her’s to whom we glide. 
Had Heaven but tongues to speak, as well 
As starry eyes to see, ’ 
Oh think! what tales *twould have to tell 
Of wandering youths like me, 


Now rest thee here, my gondolier! 
Hush! hush! for up I Bir 

To climb yon light baleony’s height, 
Whilst thou keep’st watch below. 

Oh! did we take for Heaven above, 
But half such pains as we 

Take, day and night, for woman’s love, 
What angels we should be. 

The good old fashion of gathering sim- 
ples, and applying the native produce of 
our fields to the relief of disease, is now, 
we apprehend, nearly exploded ; and, whe- 
ther the patient has lost or gained by this 
circumstance, is a question on which we 
will not enter. The medical profession, 
no doubt, have a clear opinion on that 
subject. ‘The partizans of the old system 
will, however, be glad to see the New 
British Domestic Herbal, which has been 
compiled from the best ancient and mo- 
dern practice, by Mr. Joun AUGUSTINE, 
WALLER, already known as the translator 
of Orfila’s works on poisons. The present 
work contains a correct deseription of in- 
digenous medicinal plants; and is, of 
course, better calculated to be of use in 
retired country situations, than in towns 
where the druggist and the apothecary are 
at hand. Very partienlar directions are 
laid down for the use of the different pre- 
parations ; and a number of well-engraved 
plates are annexed, exhibiting coloured 
figures of many of the most useful plants. 
The author strongly advocates the employ- 
ment of vegetable instead of mineral re- 
medies: and his work is, we think, well 
calculated to recall attention to such sim- 
ples as, notwithstanding their really effica- 
cious properties, have fallen into unmerited 
neglect. 

Those who take a share in the increasing 
interest with which the study of Egyptian 
antiquities ix now regarded, will be pleased 
with a little work, entitled, Memoranda, 
illustrative of the Tombs and Sepulchral 
Decorations of the Egyptians, with a Key 
tothe Egyptian Tomb now exhibiting in Pieca- 
dilly, and Observations. on the Process of 
Embalming. The comparative indifference 

with 


1822.] 


with which many persois’ vielw the singu- 
lar exhibition above referred to, as well as 
other remains of Egyptian antiquity in the 
British Museum, and elsewhere, can only 
arise from their not sufficiently under- 
Standing the history and original destina- 
tion of these monuments., To stipply this 
information in a general way, we would 
recommend the perusal of this book. It 
contains explanations of two or three of 
the principal hieroglyphical figures, of the 
methods ‘of constructing the tombs, and 
the nature of their ornaments. We must 
however observe, thatthe author does not 
appear to be familiarly conversant with his 
subject. He has quoted too lavishly 
from Belzowi’s Travels to deserve the 
praise of much originality in the substance 
of his work. 

The Memoirs of William Lilly, the Sidro- 
phel of Hudibras, and the most popular 
astrologer of his day, present one of the 
most amusing specimens of autobiography 
with which we are acquainted; and, by 
those who study with eagerness the morbid 
anatomy of the human heart, will be read 
with the deepest and most acute interest. 
They are not indeed written with the can- 
dour of a Cardan or a Rousseau; but, when- 
ever the honour of his “art and mystery” 
is not in question, bis statements bear the 
semblance of truth, and may, in general; 
be implicitly received. It was addressed 
to, and written for the entertainment of, 
the celebrated Ashmole, and to this “-most' 
noble esquire” he frequently appealsin the 
eoutse of his memoirs, The work has 
likewise another charm. The author was 
consulted in his empirical profession by all 
*¢ranks and conditions of men,” from the 
high-born and enthusiastic advocate of the 
jus divinum, to the canting, drawling, hypo- 
critical partizan of the parliamentary fac- 
tion. Of these, as might be expected, we 
have many anecdotes, and the work hence 
derives a new importance as a Supplement 
to Clarendon and the other historians of the 
day. The private Memoits too of his 
empirical contemporaries, Forman, Evans, 
Booker, et id genus omne, afford matter 
of much ‘delectable amusement.” His 
sketches are made con amore, and many 
traits are delineated in a style not unwor- 
thy of the “great unknown.” We have 
only to add that it is illustrated with por- 
traits of the most remarkable characters ; 
and that, as all or nearly all of them fignre 
in Hudibras, this work will become an ap- 
propriate companion to Dr. Grey’s splendid 
edition of that poem published in4819. 

The character and attainments of Mr. 
CHARLES BUTLER are well known to the 
reading public; and the announcement of 
his Reminiscences has excited what is fash- 
ionably denominated a “considerablesen- 
sation.” ‘The author las Since taken au 
opportunity of acknowledging all-his for- 
mer publications. His edition» of ‘Coke 

Montury Mac. No. 368, 


Literary and Critical Proémiun. 


449 


upon Littleton is well known to, and ap- 
preciated by thelegal profession. We here 
learn with surprise, that *his portion of this 
admirable work, was completed within the 
space of four law-terms, or one solar year! 
Healsoinforms us, that he has received ma- 
terials fcradditions to his History of the Eng- 
lish Catholics, ‘* fron» which acquisition, 
(he says,), the reminiscent is willing to be- 
lieve that he could  frame\a;volume both 
instructing «and. useful.” - ‘We sincerely 
hope that Mr. Butler’s, friends will prevail 
upon him to confer this favour upon the 
literary world; we are sure that it would 
be received with gratitude and candour, 
The recollections of Lords Thurlow, Cha- 
tham, Mansfield, North, and Hardwick, 
and of Messrs, Pitt, Fox, Wilkes, Sheridan, 
and Grattan, &c. are extremely interest- 
ing. And we only regret that the author 
is so little of an egotist, that we scarcely 
think of him as the author in the perusal of 
the whole book.t 

The principal merit of Monarchy \Re- 
vived is the number and: elegance: of its 
graphic illustrations. It contains portraits 
of the two Charleses, of James Duke of 
York, afterwards James the Second, the 
Queen Mother—Hearietta Maria, the Mar- 
quis of Montrose, James and William 
Dukes of Hamilton, Oliver Cromwell; 
Lady Jane Lain, to whom the work is dedi= 
cated, George Monk, Duke of Albemarle, 
and four or five others, allengraved inline 
by Mr. Cooper, who has aequired'so much 
celebrity by lis beautiful-embellishments 
of the ** Wayerley series’”’ of novels... The 
text itseifis of little value; it is the reprint 
of a rather scarce tract, the production of 
one F. Evlesfield... The polities, as:might 
be expected, are extravagantly ultra, but 
many of the anecdotes are interesting, and ~ 
apparently authentic, ’ 

Since the time of the celebrated Moses 
Mendelson we do not recollectan instanee 
of so extraordinary an intellectual curiosity 
as is to be found ima tract lately published, 
under the title of, Memoir: of Richard 
Robert Jones, of Aherdaron in the County of 
Carnarvon in North Wales; exhibiting a re- 
mar kable instance of a partial power and:cul= 
tivation of intellect, The individual, whose 
history. forms the subject of these pages, 
has, it appears, -been gifted by nature with 
a singular faculty of acquiring languages, 
and an exclusive attachment to philological 


/ * The’ late learned’ Mr. Hargrave was 
occupied ‘not less’ than eleven years in the 
editing of somewhat less (we believe) than 
one half of the same work. 

+ We find, in p.' 380, a full confirma- 
tion of our conjectures respecting the au- 
thorship ‘of the articles’ of the Novum 
Organum in the Retrospective ‘Review; 
and we also learn that their author, Mr. 
Kasil Montagu, is now engaged upon a 
Life of Bacon. © 


3 L pursuits. 


450 


pursuits. Under’ all the disadvantages of 
the Humblest birth, the most: distressing 
‘peliury, and the almost total want of that 
instruction ‘and assistance whieh such pur- 
suits require, hé has yet scceeded in not 
only rendering himself master of the He- 
brew and the Greek»and Latin languages, 
but has become so familiar with most of the 
languages of modern Europe, as to converse 
inimany of’ them ‘with ease. From the 
earliest period of hislife he has derived his 
solepleasure from the study of languages, 
towhich he has sacrificed every other ob- 
ject, choosing rather to subsist on the 
casual charity of strangers than to aban- 
don, even to procure himself the means of 
livelihood, his favourite pursuit. Bat, 
while the mind of this “learned Theban” 
has been endowed with so peculiar a capa- 
city, all its other powers appear to have 
lain perfectly dormant, if their existence 
itself may not be doubted. He appears, in 
short, to be nothing more than a sentient 
dictionary, a sort of type of grammarians, 
an exemplar of lexicographers; and, as 
Martinus Scriblerus could form an abstract 
idea of a lord mayor, Richard Robert 
Jones may be called an abstract idea of a 
philologist. © Unfortunately for his own 
comfort, he is perfectly destitute of the 
‘slightest niedium of common-sense ; and, in 
his affection for learning he has so far for- 
gotten his love of cleanliness, as to suffer 
his personal appearance to become squalid 
and wretched to'the last degree. That his 
acquirements are solid and extensive there 
is the fullest evidence in the present vo- 
lume, which also bears testimony to the 
inoffensive disposition and honesty of this 
obscure scholar, Many highly characte- 
ristic and interesting anecdotes are given, 
from which it appears, that the sub- 
ject of the Memoir has been seen and exa- 
mined by some of our most distinguished 
scholars. From an advertisement prefixed 
tothe Memoir, we learn, that any profits 
which may arise from this publication, or 
from distinct contributions; are intended 
to be applied to make a provision forthe 
object of it, and the names of several gen- 
tlemen of high respectability are appended 
to ‘this notice. The speculations of the 
writer of this little Memoir, which is, 
we believe, correctly attributed) to Mr, 
Roscog, on the literary phenomenon which 
he has introduced to the public, are inge- 
nious. and worthy of much attention. 
Among the’ catch-pennies of) the month 
may he named the Memoirsof Lord Byron, 
by the Lord knows who 3: andan empirical 
production of the Rev: Mr: GrsBorweE, 
on the Interchurse of Friends inthe future 
State.. Both seem well adaptedto the 
usual majorities of mankind, but we cannot 
dissemble our astonishment at the appear- 
ance ‘ofthe last) work, in a°country of 
rational Christians. 
The LY: and Opinions of Sir Richand Mal- 


Kiterary°and Critical Proémiun. 


{June 1 9 


travers, an English Gentleman of the Seven- 
teenth Century; is a philosophical romance, 
in’ which ‘the author (Lor» Driion, itis 
reported) launchés into speculations/on all 
subjects, moral, political, civil) and: reli- 
gious. It is a compound of ancient preju- 
dice and modern philosophy, combining’a 
great veneration for the #ra of’ chivalry, 
and the “domination. of the old’ ‘fetidal 
barons, with a qualified predilection for 
popular rights and public freedom. °To 
describe this noble author in few words, 
he seems to be inreligion a liberal thinker, 
in morals a stoic, in metaphysics a necessi- 
tarian, and in politics an aristocrat.) For 
the style in‘which he supports these» cha- 
racters, we beg our readers to:consult his 
two volumes, in which they will find avery 
scanty account of Sir Richard Maltravers, 
but a copious overflow of his doctrines. 
The composition, as well as the matter) of 
these disquisitions, is often incorreet and 
rambling, the conclusions illogical, and the 
expression inflated, or coarse. “Adopting 
the system of fatalism to which the author 
is somuch attached, and supposing the di- 
rection, as he eallsit, of every object tobe 
fixed by destiny, we apprehend that ‘the 
line of direction which these volumes ‘are 
taking, will lead to their bemg very \se- 
verely criticized, at thésame time that their 
original tone of thinking cannot but'cause 
them to be much read. 16% 

Mr. Joun BAniM, the author of Damon 
and Pythias, has offered another proof of 
his talents in the Cell’s Paradise, the peru- 
sal of which impresses us with a’ very fa- 
vourable notion of his» poeiical capacity. 
It is written in astyle and metre which; we 
believe, is best expressed by” paraplirasis, 
as being that which the public were taught 
to relish by Sir Walter Scott. | The'dia- 
logue lies between Saint» Patrick> ‘and 
Ossian; the latterlaying claim to a paradise 
of his own, to which he had once obtained 
a partial admission, by the favour of a su- 
pernatural mistress. This subject gives fair 
scope for fancy, in which the author ap- 
pears to be by no means deficient, ‘nor in 
the other requisites for rendering an at- 
tempt of this kind creditable to himself 
and pleasing to his reader. 

Mr: Mrrimavy has just published another 
dramatic poem, entitled, Belshazzar, on 
the same plan, and partaking of the same 
character and merits, as his Martyr of 
Antioch. . The plot is interwoven with the 
incidents ‘of \ Belshazzar’s feast: and’ the 
hand-writing upon the wall, from: sacred 
writ, and the siege and destructiom of 
Babylon, from profane: history. °To» the 
former, the poet has, where it was possible, 
adhered very closely. The story is inter- 
esting, and is lengthened and elevated by 
the introduction of hymns and chorusses, in 
which Mr. Milman’s genius principally ex- 
cels.. We are sorry. that their length will 
not permit us fo present one of ‘them to 

our 


1822.) 


our readers. . This publicatiomhas followed 
rapidly on his last 3 and, with, all due, ac- 
knowledgment of Mr, Milman’s excellen- 
cies, we shall do him no. disservice by sug- 
gesting to him, that /an author may; act 
wisely in not drawing too largely on the 
resources of his own mind and the atten- 
tion, of the public. 

Notwithstanding the,interest: which has 
latterly been, excited by. the struggle and 
final triumph of the cause..of liberty in 
South, America, there is but little known 
here of the connected military operations 
in, that part of the world. A work, en- 
titled, A. Journal. of an Expedition 1400 
Miles up the Orinoco and 300.up the Arauca, 
with an Account of the Country, the Manners 
of the People; Military Operations, &c. by 
J, H. Ropinson, late surgeon of the patri- 
otic army, will be found well adapted to 
supply this information, Its author was in 
the Venezuelan service for a considerable 
length of time, and is well qualified, by ex- 
perience and personal observation, for the 
task he has undertaken. | This volume is 
accompanied, but. certainly. not orna- 
mented, by several copper-plates. 

iWPlans, Elevations, Sections, §c. of King 
Henry the Seventi’s Chapel at Westminster- 
Abbey, with the History of ils Foundation, 
and: an Authentic Account of its Restoration, 
by Lewis N.CorrinGHaM, is a publica- 
tion calculated to be of eminent service to 
all, young, arcbitects, and to afford much 
gratification to those who make a study of 
Gothicarchitecture. To the general reader, 
this, work, being printed im atlas folio, 
would be found inconveniently large. _ The 
descriptive and historical part displays a 
complete knowledge of his subject on the 
part of the author... We were particularly 
struck, in the present instance, with the 
effect of the adaptation of the lithographic 
engraving »to this sort, of drawing, which 
admits of its application with the greatest 
advantage.» The plates are well executed, 
especially the complicated drawing of the 
side of the chapel., In the design of his 
title-page, which afforded almost the only 
opportunity for the display of.imagination, 
the artist has shewn great taste. Another 
part of the work is, we believe, in progress, 
which will contain drawings of the interior, 
and also one plate omitted inthe present, 

 oSuch of our: readers)as, are acquainted 
with Mrs, Opie’s former, works, especially 
that highly »pathetic: tale, the Father;aud 
Daughter; will of:course be anxious to hear 
something of her new noyel,,,which, has 
beem just: published..under: the. title, of 
Madeline, a-tale,in2 vols, Weare sorry, to 
sayy that;in on judgment; .“¢ Madeline” -is 
notequal to;some of Mus» Opie’s other pro- 
duc¢tions; thonghitis-byno means; wanting 
in interest, ‘and -oceasionally. in powerful 
writing. ‘Lhe -story, which jis related: in 
the form-of a journal ,,is.extremelysimpie, 
and,none of the characters, travel. outoof 


List of New Publications. in May. 


451 


the ordinary path of a novelist’s dramatis 
persona. Upon. the whole, though we are 
better satisfied with this production than if 
the authoress had, remained entirely. idle, 
yet we. are, we think, entitled to expect 
something better from her pen. 


— 
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A Detailed Print and Description of 
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8vo. 16s. Tas od 

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daring 


452 
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Belshazzar; a dramatic poem; by the 
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University of Oxford. 8vo. 8s. 6d. 

The Innocent Usurper; amusical drama, 
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Garden Theatre, June 1819 ; by an ama- 
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Julian, the Apostate; a dramatic poem ; 
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The Teacher’s Farewell; intended as a 
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Elements of Thought; by Isaac Taylor, 
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Xenophon’s Anabasis, newly translated 
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Halliday. 24s. in a neat box, 

Essays on the Discipline of Children, 


List of New Publications in May. 


[June 1, 


particularly as regards their Education 7 
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The Elements of Latin Prosody, con- 
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connected 


1822.) 


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Bracebridge Hall ; or, the Humourists ; 
by the author of the Sketch Book. 
2 vols, 8v0, 24s, 

The 


454 


The Nun of Arrouca; a Tale. © feap. 
8vo. 3s. 6d. fivaruc 

Tales of a Tourist, containing the Out- 
Jaw and Fashionable Connexions ; by Miss 
Lefanu. 

Legends of Scotland, first series: con- 
taining Fair Helen of Kirkconnel: and 
Roslin Castle. 3 vols. 12mo. 16s. 6d. 

POETRY. 

May-Day with the Muses. With Vig- 
nettes; by K. Bloomfield, fcap. 8vo. 4s. 
The Mohawks, asatirical poem. 8vo. 

Chinzica,a Poem, inten cantos, 8vo. 12s. 

Edmeston’s Sacred Lyrics. 12mo. vol. 3, 

The Curfew; or, the Grave of the last 
Saxon: a poem ; by the Rev. William Lisle 
Bowles, author of the Missionary, Lord 
Byron. 8vo. 

Sir Marmaduke Maxwell; a dramatic 
poem: the Mermaid of Galloway; the 
Legend of Richard Faulkner ; and Twenty 
Scottish Songs; by Allan Cunningham, 
feap. 8vo. 7s.. boards, 

Ceeur de Lion; or, the Third Crusade; a 
poem, insixteen books ; by Eleanor Anne 
Forden, author of ‘‘ The Veils,” “‘ The 
Arctic Expeditions,” &c. 2 vols. 

The Celt’s Paradise, in four Dreams; 
by. John Banim. fcap. 8vo. 5s. 6d. 

Damon and Pythias, a tragedy. 
3s. 6d. 

The Vale of Chamonni: a poem ; by the 
author of “Rome.” 8vo. 7s. 

Tove; a poem, in three parts. To 
which is added the Giaour; a satirical 
poem; by the author of “ Peter Fault- 
less.” » 8vo. 5s. 6d. 

Brighton Profiles; or, Likenesses drawn 
in, Rhymes, toohis Brother Charles; by 
Thomas) Traverse, esq. from his Observa- 
tory on the Steyne.  8vo. 3s. 6d. 

POLITICS AND POLITICAL ECONOMY. 

Letter from the Hon, Denis Browne to 
the) Marquis’ Wellesley, on the present 
State of Ireland.  8vo. 4s. 6d. 

Letter to, his Majesty George IV, &c. 
8vo. 2s. 6d. 

Tracts on Political Economy ; by Wil- 
liam Spence, esq. F.L.S. 8v0. 7s. 

A Few Thoughts addressed to the King 
and People of the British Dominions; by 
Robert England Ferrier, 

Thoughts and Suggestions on the Educa- 
tion of the Peasantry of Ireland. 9s. 

Codification Proposal, addressed. by 
Jeremy Bentham to all Nations professing 
Liberal Opinions. vo. 

Proposed Measure for throwing, Open 
the Ports of Great Britain, for the Importa- 
tion of Grain from all Countries; by a 
British Subject residing in New. York, 
is, 6d. 

Considerations upon _the Agriculture, 
Commerce, and Manufactures of the British 
Empire; with Observations on the practi- 
eal Effect of the Bill of. the Right Hon. 
Robert Peel, for the Resumption of Cash 
Payments by the Bank of England; and 


8vo, 


List of New Publications in May. 


[June fy 


also upon the pamplilet lately published 
by David) Ricardo, ‘esq. M.p. entitled 
‘‘ Protection 'to Agriculture;” by Samuel 
Turner, esq: F.R.8. -8v0. 3s. 6d. 

A Few Thoughts on the Probable Re- 
newal of the Alien Bill; by a member of 
parliament. 1s, 6d. 

Considerations on Political Economy ; 
by Edward Sully, esq: : translated from tlie 
German; by Thomas Wilkinson. 3s. 6d. 

THEOLOGY. 

Lectures on the Gospel according to St. 
John. Part tI. With Notes; by Charles 
Abel Moysey, v.D. 8vo. '68. : 

The Protestant Beadsman ; or, # Series 
of Biographical Notices, &c. 12mo. 68. 

Hymns, composed for a Sunday Scliool, 
at Baker-street Meeting, Enfield’; ‘by the 
Rev. Wm. Brown. 4d. 

An Essay on the Scripture Doctrines of 
Adultery and Divorce; and on the Crimi- 
nal Character and Punishment of Adul- 
tery by the Ancient Laws of England and 
other Countries ; by H. V. Tebbs, proetor 
in Doctors’ Commons. 8v0. 7s. 

Sermons on the Pablic Means of Grace} 
the Fasts and Festivals of the Church; on 
Scripture Characters, and various Practical 
Subjects; by the late Right Rev. Theodore 
Dehon, p.D.: together with some Account 
of the Author, and a Sermon preached on 
Occasion of his Death. 2 vols. 8vo. 11. 2s. 

The Clerical Guide, or Ecclesiastical 
Directory ; containing a complete Regis- 
ter of the present Prelates and other Dig- 
nitaries of the Church of England ; of the 
Heads of Houses, Professors, &¢. of the 
Universities, and other Colleges and Public 
Schools, &c. Second edition, correctéd. 
Royal 8vo. 11. 2s. 10¥ 

Eighteen Sermons, intended to-establish: 
the inseparable connexion’ between’! the 
Doctrines and the Practice of Christianity, 
1i2mo. 5s, : 

Discourses, chiefly Doctrinal, delivered 
in the Chapel of Trinity College; Dublin ; 
by Bartholomew Lloyd,'pD.». &c. 108.64, 

Proofs of Inspiration ; or the Grounds 
of Distinction between the New Testament 
and the Apocryphal Volume ; by the Rey. 
Thomas Rennell, B.D. &c. 6s. 

A Defence of the Clergy of the Church 
of England, stating, their; services,» their 
rights, and their revenues; by the Rev. 
Francis Thackeray. 8v0..58..6d, « . 

A Refutation .of . Mr. Grimshawe’s 
Pamphlet, entitled, ‘“* The Wrongs of, the 
Clergy of the Diocese of Peterborough 
stated and illustrated ;” in-which jis given 
a corréct Account of the Causes which 
have called forth the violent and ‘abusive 
pamphlets agamst the Bishop of Peterbo- 
rough, &e. 1s. oo Het 

Thé Essay ‘on: “The Influence ‘vf a 
Morab Life on our Judgment in Matters ‘of 
Faith,” to which- the Society for ‘Pro- 
noting *Christian Knowledge ’‘and Church 
Unioncin the Diocese of ‘St, David’s-ad- 

judged 


1822.] 


judged its premium for 1821; by the Rev. 
Samuel. Charles. Wilks, author, of the 
“ Christian Essays,” &¢. 80.28, 6d. 

Sermons; by the Rev. Je W.-Cunning- 
ham, of Harrow-on-the-Hill.;| 1 vol.’ 8¥o. 

Letters and , Essays, controversial: and 
critical, on Subjects connected swith the 
Conversion and) National Restoration of 
Israel; by Wm: Cunninghame, esq. author 
of ‘*A- Dissertation’ on the Apocalypse,” 
&c. 8vo. 8s. boards, 

The Authenticity, and, consequently, 
the. ,Gennineness of the Baptismal Com- 
mission (Matthew xxviii. 19.) Questioned, 
upon the Evidence of the Apostolic His- 
tory, and of the Apostolic Writings. 1s. 

‘Ehe Dutiesof Churchwardens explained 
and enforced; a charge delivered to the 
clergy and churchwardens of Colchester in 
1821, by the Rev, J. Jefferson, a.m. and 
F.A,S. late archdeacon. 2s. 

The Duty.and Importance of Free Com- 
munion among Real Christians of every 
Denomination, especially at the present 
Period. Withsome notices of the writings 
of Messrs» Booth, Fuller, Hall, &c. on this 
subject... 1s. 6d. 

A Necessary Doctrine and Erudition for 
Christian) Youth ;- by the Rev. J. Trist. 
4 vol. 12mo. 24s. 

Practical and Familiar Sermpas ; by the 
Rev. E. Cooper. Vol. VI. 12mo. 6s. 

A, Treatise on the Sabbath ; by the Rev. 
J,Glen.. 1¥mo. 5s, 

Ohristian Fellowship ; or, the Church- 
Member’s Guide ; by the Rev. J. A. James. 
4, vol. 12mo. 

' TOPOGRAPHY. 

Wordsworth’s Scenery of the Lakes in 
the North of England, post 8vo. 

A Guide to the Lakes of Killarney ; 
illustnated by engravings after the designs 
of E,. Petrie, esq.; by the Rev. G. N. 
Wright,a.m. 18mo. 6s. 

The History of Stamford, in the County 
of Lincoln; with St. Martin's, Stamford 
Baron, and Great and Little Wothorpe, in 


British Legislation. 


455 


the County of Northampton; embellished 
with 10 fine engravings. 11, 5s. in demy 
8vo.; and, with proof: impressions of the 
plates, 2].12s. 6d. in demy 4to. 

The West Riding, or the History, Di- 
rectory, and Gazetteer of the County of 
York, Vel. I.. 10s. boards. 

Letters on. the Scenery of Wales; in- 
eluding a Series of Subjects for the Pencil, 
with their stations determined on general 
principles, and Instructions to Pedestrian 
Tourists; by the Rev. R. H. Newell, author 
of Remarks on Goldsmith. Royal 8vo, 
illustrated and embellished by numerous 
plates in aquatint. 15s. boards. 

VOYAGES AND TRAVELS. 

Part III. Vol. VII. of the Journal of 
Modern Voyages and Travels: containing 
M. Cailliaud’s Travels in the Oases of 
Thebes and El Dakel. 3s. 6d. sewed, 
4s. boards. 

An Itinerary of Provence and the 
Rhone, made during 1819; by John 
Hughes, A.M. 8vo. 14s. 

The 4th vol. of Hindoostan. 8s. 

Travels along the Mediterranean, and 
Parts adjacent; by Robert Richardson, 
M.D. licentiate of the Royal College of 
Physicians in London. 2 vols. 8vo. illus- 
trated with plates, ichnographical plans, 
&c, 11, 4s. boards. 

Narrative of an Expedition from Tri- 
poli to the Western Frontier of Egypt, in 
1817 ; by Paolo Della Cella, m.D.  8Vvo. 
10s. 6d. 

Voyage en Suisse, fait dans les année 
1817-18 ct 19; par L, Simond. 2 vol. 
8vo, 21s. 

A Tour through Part of Belgium and 
the Rhenish Provinces, embellished with 
thirteen plates, from drawings by the 
Duchess of Rutland. 4to. 31. 3s. 

ZOOLOGY. 

Zoological Researches in the Island of 
Java, &c. with Figures of Native Quadru- 
peds and Birds; by Thomas  Horsfield, 
M.D. &c. No. III. is. 


BRITISH LEGISLATION. 7 


ACTS PASSED in the FIRST YEAR of the REIGN of GEORGE THE FOURTH, or in the 
SECOND SESSION of the SEVENTH PARLIAMENT of the UNITED KINGDOM. 
— = 


AP.CXIX. For enabling his Ma- 
jesty to make further Provision for 
his Royal Highness the Duke of Cla- 
rence.—July 11, 1821. 

His Majesty empowered to. grant an 
annuity of 60001..10 the Duke of Clarence, 
to commence. from April 5,.1818:, tax- 
free. 

Cap. CXX, For granting, to, his 
Majesty. « Sum of Money tobe raised by 
Lotterves.—July 11,1821. 

If any person present at the drawing of 
any or either of the said lotteries (not be- 


ing duly authorized or licensed), shall take 
and set down in writing the number or 
numbers of any ticket or tickets, when 
and after the same shall be drawn, or any 
figare or mark to denote the same, or shall 
make or begin to make any register or list 
in writing of the numbers of any tickets 
which shall have been drawn onthe day of 
making or beginning to make or of carry- 
ing on such register or list, or shall know- 
ingly have in his or her custody or posses- 
sion, or in his, her, or their house, shop, 
office, or place, any printed or written re- 
gister or list of the numbers of the tickets 

1 


456 


in the said lotteries, or of any part thereof, 
whether drawn or undrawn, with any 
marks, figures, letters, or numbers there- 
on, marking or denoting the order or time 
of drawing any such tickets drawn on the 


same day, or the benefits to which any. 


such tickets may be entitled by virtue of 
this Act, other than such complete nume- 
rical register or list in books of the re- 
spective dimensions before-mentioned, and 
stamped in the manner aforesaid, every 
such person so offending, and being law- 
fully convicted thereof, shall forfeit and 
pay the sum of five pounds, 

No chances of any tickets for any less 
time than the whole time of drawing, shall 
be sold, or insurance made for or against 
the drawing of any ticket; nor shall any 
person publish any proposal for such pur- 
pose. 

Lottery insurers, in whose premises pa- 
pers relating to insurances are found, &c. 
shall be punished as rogues and vagabonds, 

No tickets to be sold but sich as are 
authorized, nor shares or chances other 
than halves, quarters, eighths, and  six- 
teenths, on penalty of 501. 

On complaint on oath of offences 
against this Act, whereby the parties may 


New Musie and Drama. 


[June 1, 


be liable to punishment as rogues, justices 
may authorize persons to break open 
houses, &c. 

*,* Many printers having been 
fined for advertizing foreign lotteries, 
we feel it proper to state, that we 
discover in this Bill no indication of 
such penalty, 

Cap. CX XI. To alter and abolish 
certain forms of Proceedings inthe Ex- 
chequer and Audit. Office, relative to 
Public Accountants, and for making 
Surther Provisions for the purpose of 
facilitating and expediting the passing. of 
Public Accounts in. Great Britain; and 
to render perpetual and amend an Act 
passed in the fifty-fourth Year of his 
late Majesty, for the effectual Examina-~ 
tion of the Accounts of certain Colonial 
Revenues.—July 11, 1821. 

Cap. CXXII. For applying cer- 
tain Monies therein mentioned for the 
Service of the Year 1821: and for fur- 
ther appropriating the Hepetes granted. 
in this Session of Farliament.—July 
11, 1821. 


NEW MUSIC AND THE DRAMA, 


——— 


Fantuisie et Variations sur VAir fa- 
vori, “ Au clair de la Lune,” pour le 
Forte-Piano; composées par Ignace 
Moscheles. Gs. 

E fiad in this publication twenty 

pages of excellent piano-forte 

music. ir. Moscheles has given to 
the above-named. air no fewer than 
six variations, the greater part of 
which are happy expatiations on the 
chosen theme. -'The passages are vo- 
latile and florid, and evince as much 
command of novelty as could be justly 
expected under the circumstance of 
being confined to an adopted subject. 
In the introductory movement, (neces- 
sarily original,) the composer has 
evinced the freedom and extent of his 
imagination. Its general texture is 
not only truly scientific, but highly 
fanciful. The ideas seek each otier 
with an easy rapidity,,.and, mixing 
sweetness with their brilliancy,, and 
beauty with their modulation, are qua- 
lified to gratify all classes of hearers. 


“And they're a’ noddin,” a favourite 
Scotch Ballad; arranged with Varia- 
tions for the Piano-forte, by D. Corri, 
composer of “the Travellers,” §c. 2s. 
This publication includes two copies 

of the above air. The first gives it in 

its origmal simple form, accompanied 


with the words, as sung by Miss Ste- 
phens; the second presents it as a 
piano-forte practice, consisting of the 
plain, unembellished melody, followed 
by six variations, progressional in their 
execution, and calculated to please 
and improve those who are desirous of 
blending the gratification of the ear 
with the advancement of manual exe- 
cution. 

Six Themes, with brilliant Variations ; 
composed in a pleasing style, as Solos 
for the Flite, by W. Gabrielshy. 4s. 
Of the theme on which these varia- 

tions are founded, we cannot speak in 
the highest terms. It lacks that spirit 
and yivacity of character which the 
announcement of “ brilliant variations” 
led us to expect. Nevertheless, the 
variations themselves are all they pro- 
fess to be; and, while they offer eligible 
exercise for the practitioner, promise 
no small pleasure to his ear.. They 
are judiciously diversified, launch into 
every style of execution, and, if duly 
studied, will scarcely fail of producing 
an improved power of performance. 

“ Because tt looks like you,” a Ballad 
by Mrs. Catherine Ward, as sung by 

'. Miss Stephens, at the Theatre Royal 
Covent Garden; the Music by Dr. 
Jay. 2s. 

This is a ballad of three verses. Its 
air 


1822.J 


air is smooth in its style, and pleasingly 
expressive in. its. effect... The senti- 
ments of the poet have been. consuited 
with success, and the ideas, if not very 
novel, are conveived with taste, and 
consonant and connected. With the 
introductory and concluding sympho- 
nies we are much pleased 5 and have no 
other objection to make to the whole 
than that of its having no modulation. 


New Variations on the celebrated Scotch 

Song of “ Auld Lang Syne;’ com- 
posed in a familiar manner by S. F, 
Rimbault, for the Pianoforte. 15. 
This pleasing and justly-popular air 

has been well handled by Mr. Rim- 
bault. Inits present form, it furnishes 
to juvenile practitioners an exercise 
which cannot fail to improve their 
_ powers of execution. The variations, 
though but three in number, assume 
something of an attractive conse- 
quence from the interesting style in 
which they are written. We are ad- 
mircrs of little productions like this 
before us, for the useful and com- 
mendable purpose of facilitating prac- 
tical progress, and throwing a charm 
over that labour, without which excel- 
lence cannot be attained. 

A Selection of the most favourite Airs 
in Mozart's Opera of ‘Il Don Gio- 
vanni ;” arranged as Duetts for the 
Harp and Pianoforte, by N. B. 
Challoner. 7s. 6d. 

The airs here selected are, “La ci 
darem,” “‘ Batti, batti, O bel Massetto,” 
** Vedrai carino,” and ‘‘Il mio tesoro 
istanto.” Mr. Challoner has evidently 
bestowed considerable pains in this 
publication. The combination of the 
two instruments is managed with con- 
siderable address, and much success- 
fal attention to effect. The whole is 
accompanied with a distinct part for 
the flute (ad libitum), and forms a de- 
sirable concertante for three performers. 
These, and the other airs in “Don 
Giovanni,” have been brought before 
the public in a great variety of shapes; 
but we do not recollect any edition of 
them that has greater claims to general 
favour than that on which we are ré- 
marking. 

*O look but on that fairest form,” a 
Canzonetta ; by C. M. Sola. 1s. 6d. 
This canzonetta is nothing more nor 

less than a ballad of two. verses, the 

air of which is repeated to each, with- 
out any variation whatever; and so 
monotonous, as to produce but aweak 
and languid effect. When we are in- 
duced to exclaim against the perpetual 
inundation of new songs, the complaint 
Monty Mac, No. 368. 


New Music and Drama. 


457 
is extorted from us by such eomposi- 
tions as. this,—compositions: by whieh 
notes are multiplied, without an addi- 
tion to our stock of melody; and the 
music-seller’s shelves loaden with any 
thing but music, properly so called. 


DRAMA. 

CovenT-GArDEN.—Mr. €. Kemble’s 
management of the business of this 
theatre commenced with spirit. and 
liberality, and has hitherto been fayour- 
able to its interests. The production 
of a new melo-dramatic romance, a 
new play from the pen of Mr. Colman, 
and the late visit of his Majesty, have 
inspired in the yierformers a vigour, 
and cast over the concern a glow, that 
augur a prosperous termination to the 
present season. In saying this, we 
would not, however, be thought to op- 
pose our opinion of the new pieces, to 
the general judgment. Cherry and 
the Fair Star is but a tissue of showy 
scencry; and in plot, humour, and 
force and originality of character, the 
Law of Java is by no means qualified 
to add a single leaf to the laurels long 
since won and worn by its author; yet 
in this deplorable dearth of dramatic 
talent it makes something of a figure, 
affords a new scope to the abilities of. 
the performers, and an excellent mu- 
sical composer ; and will prove, if nut 
a permanent, a temporary advantage 
to the house. 

Drury-Lane.—Mr. Elliston, with 
his shoulder constantly to the wheel, 
keeps old Drury in motion; and, if he 
does not always succeed in’ drawin 
overflowing audiences, his vigilance, 
taste, and ingenuity, deserve them. 
Supported by the merits of Kean and 
Braham, and superior performers in 
every walk of the drama, he has re- 
ceived his share of public patronage, 
and has at least ensured the prospect 
of ultimate success. We shall be. the 
more readily joined in this opinion 
when it is recollected that ‘the Castle 
Spectre, the School for Scandal, thie 
Suspicious Husband, and’ other stock- 
pieces, have been represented in the 
best style; and that Mr. Elliston’s 
Ranger and Charles Surface have been 
received with applause commensurate 
with their excellence, and convinced 
the public of his. unabated. vigour, 
vivacity, and talents. The inimitable 
Monsieur Tonson: and the, vocal, corps, 
consisting of Miss Povey, Madame 
Vestris, Miss Forde, and Miss Cubit, 
delight every: audience in musical 
dramas; While comedy is supported by 
Munden, Harley, and Knight. 

3M MEDICAL 


pie ee hOB uF 
MEDICAL REPORT. 


DtsEases wnd Casuartiks occurring inthe public and private Practice 


Report 0 


[June 1, 


of the Physician who has the cure of the Western District of the City Dispensary. 


——— 


"THE writer scarcely remembers, in a 
given time, such an exceeding preva- 
lence of measles as during the period that 
has passed since the last report. In his 
own practice he has met with no cases that 
have required any vigilance beyond what 
s ordinarily necessary in these insidious 
maladies, but some of his medical friends 
have told him of much malignancy in the 
aspect, and virulence in the character, of 
several cases which have been subjected to 
their inspection. ; 
Much mistake still domestically obtains 
in reference to the management of measles. 
A parent yesterday asked the reporter’s 
opinion respecting the nature of her 
child’s complaint, and, upon being informed 
it was the measles, instantly exclaimed, 
«then I will take care to keep the infant 
warm,—and may I give freely of syrup of 
saffron in order to send the eruption out?” 
Such, it will be recollected, was the com- 
mon language, and such the widely destruc- 
tive practice, of some years since in small- 
pox. Now, although the application of 
cold in measles is not admissible with so 
free and fearless a latitude as it is in the 
other distemper just named ; and that on 
-aecount of the catarrhal irritation which is 
almost invatiably present ; yet, let it be re- 
collected, that the notion of throwing out 
the disorder upon the surface by heating 
applications and alexiphatmic medicinals is 
for the most part not only false in itself, but 
calculated to lead; to much practical error, 
It isan expedient which should never be re- 
sorted to by other than strictly medical 
‘professors, and in certain cases of fearful 
collapse, the indications of treatment for 
the, most. part being precisely the reverse 
of stimulation. Inrespect of temperature, 
the medium poiat should, in the generality 
of cases, be adopted, not raising it up so 
high as to increase irritation and fever—not 
letting it down so low as to render proba- 
ble a repulsion from the surface to the 
internal membranes. Inflammation of the 
lungs is the great thing to be apprehended 
in measles; and many instances of con- 
firmed consumption have, it is to be feared, 
their commencement in that kind’ and 
degree of pulmonary disturbance which is 
too often an accompaniment or sequela of 
this affection. “If your convalescent bark 
but once, fear lest there be a murderer 
within; and, though dislodged, expect him 
again,—he now knows the way.” 

“To prescribe purgatives in order to rid 
the little patients from the “dregs” of the 
distemper, is to prove that the dregs of the 
‘hamoral doctrines still hang about the 

-mind ofthe prescriber ; but, it is: more than 
probable, that tie notion, like sound mo- 


rality in false religion, is practically good, 
although theoretically, perhaps, incorrect. 
Cathartics ‘iave’ a manifest tendency to 
divert the current of disorder from the 
pulmonary organs; and, it isrepeated, that 
any thing, which safely insures this.effect, 
either during the violence of the conflict, 
or when the consequences of the malady, 
rather than the malady itself, shall be pre- 
sent, is likely to prove productive of good, 
Let us then be carefal that the three-dose 
superstition of our predecessors and present 
gtand-mamma, prescribers be not, suc- 
ceeded by a freedom of thinking and fear- 
lessness of conduct that may, proye our 
newly adopted creed to be as wide from 
truth, and as far from good, as that upon 
which we are so ready to pour out the full 
Stream of censure and ridicule. Jt is sel- 
dom that those are the most successful. re- 
formists who are the most lavish in their 
condemnation of former practices, 

Fevers are rushing in among us with 
force and frequency, owing probably to the 
sudden succession of extremely hot wea- 
ther upon the cold of the preceding weeks, 
a-circumstance which proves, say some, 
the inflammatory character of the disorder, 
and the proposition is in one sense correct ; 
but, in the due appreciation of febrile pa- 
thology, something beside inflammation 
must be taken into account, and the pu- 
trescent hypotheses of the “olden time” 
were not more pregnant with mischievous 
consequences than those theories which 
teach, that, in all cases of actual fever, to 
bring forward the lancet and to hold back 
stimulus, is to sign the safety-warrant of the 
sufferer. 

The Reporter still continues to employ 
small and gradually augmented doses of 
digitalis in those affections of children, 
which, while they partake of general tor- 
por and weakness, are often accompanied 
by symptoms of local action; and it is suy- 
prizing to witness, under this treatment, 


-how satisfactorily the tone of the system 


occasionally becomes improved, while the 
irritation of the part subsides ; indeed, this 
subsidence of topical inflammation under 
some circumstances results as a direct ef- 
fect from getting the main springs of the 
constitution into due power and uninter- 
rupted play; and it is a mistake, as it has 
been often intimated, to suppose, that the 
remedial process in all sorts and grades of 
inflammation is the process of diminishing 
strength. Those coughs of children which 
follow eruptive disorders, (that more espe- 
cially to which allusion has just’ been 
maue,) are most mnequivocally benefited by 
the medicine in question, and under its ad- 
ministration we shall often find the pulse 

at 


1822.] 


at the wrist to improve in tonic character 
as it lessens in irritative celerity.. A proof 
positive of the. principle contended for, a 
demonstration actual that fox-glove is not 
only then an agent of efficacy, when it is 


Report of Chemistry and Experimental Philosophy. 


459 


so administered as to occasion a sudden 
and conspicuous diminution in the force 
and frequency of arterial. movements. 
D. Uwins, M.D. 
Bedford Row, May 20th, 1822. 


REPORT OF CHEMISTRY AND EXPERIMENTAL PHILOSOPHY, 


—=—_ 


LETTER on the IMPROVEMENTS in the 

COPPER WORKS al SWANSEA. 
b Giese perusing the 367th No. of your 

valuable Miscellany, I observed, inthe 
Report of Chemistry and Natural Piiloso- 
phy, the result of an experiment, men- 
tioned as having. been tried at Cadoxton 
near Swansea in Glamorganshire, which 
has proved successful in the removal of the 
pernicious effects arising from the smelting 
and ealcining of copper ores. Your in- 
sertion of the following extract of a letter, 
which I had the honour of submitting on 
the 9th of Jan. last to the committee of 
gentlemen at Swansea appointed to re- 
ceive plans for the effectual removal of the 
pernicious effects of the copper smoke, 
which have been so severely felt in that 
neighbourhood, will be esteemed a parti- 
eular favour. ‘‘ Having endeayoured to 
shew that these particles of matter are of 
a metallic nature, and, capable of reduc- 
tion to their original state, are of much 
greater density than atmospheric air ; 
allow me to account for their being car- 
ried off by it; and then to submit that part 
of my plan which regards their collection 
and preseryation, to you for your judgment, 
I propose that, instead of the chimney 
being erected upon the present plan, thus— 

3 


that it be built nearly in an horizontal line 
with the furnace, thuse= 


so that it be of a gradual elevation to- 
wards the extremity ; in which position, it 
will.be found to have-all the requisite pro- 
perties of a chimney-erected upon the old 
plan, while, ic opposes an insurmountable 
impediment to the rise of the heavier par- 
ticles of metallic matter which escape from 
the furnace, impeding. their velocity by 
perpeteniy presenting a’ rough surface; 
with which they willmnavoidably come in 
contact; for the rarefied air, &c. which has 
always a tendency to ascend, does not, as 
in the upright chimney, find a)free .pas- 
sage, but will be obliged to steal along (if I 


may be allowed to use such an expression) 
the upper part of the chimney, by which 
means the heavier particles are thrown 
back by striking against it, and retained in 
the battom, where the current (if there be 
any) is not of snfficient strength to carry 
them on, while the bituminous and sulphu- 
rous smokes are carried off as freely as can, 
possibly be required. As it regards what 
T have been saying, I must beg leave, my 
lords and gentlemen, to observe, I have nat 
been reasoning upon mere hypothesis, but 
upon an absolute knowledge of the fact, 
that the metallic particles will be re-- 
tained in the manner I have deseribed 
above, and that the draught of the chimney 
will be equal to one erected upon the old’ 
plan.” 5 
From the above, I conceive it will be. 
evident that the principle adopted, and the 
principle of the above plan, are the same ; 
but how far it was entitled to any notice 
from the committee alluded to at the com- 
mencement of my letter, I shall leave for 
you and your readers to determine, as 
nothing is farther from my wishes than to 
detract from the just merits of others; but, 
since the name of no individual has yet ap- 
peared, and no notice has been taken of. 
the above by the committee, I conceive 
I should not be doing myself justice were 
Tnot tolay this statement before the pabhe, 
At the close of my Jetter to the committee, 
I observed, that, should this part of my 
plan meet their approbation, J should feel a 
pleasure in forwarding them the remainder 
for the complete eradication of the whole 
evil by condensation, which, shauld it meet _ 
your approbation, I shall feel a pleasure in_ 
offering to the public through the medium _ 
of your next publication, STE 
E. W. Rupper. 
Frederick Place, Birmingham; May 17. 


Proressor HANsTEEN, of Christiana, - 
has -published the following obser'vatious - 
on magnetism :— M3 lizanccets: 
With a little oscillatory instrument, 
consisting of a magnetized steel cylin- - 
der; suspended by, a very fine silk thread, 
and:inclosed in a glazed case, I observed, 
(says he), at Christiana, in the months of 
November and December 1819, and. in- 
Mareh, Apvil, and May 1820, seven or- 
eight times every day, the time of 300. os- 
cillations, by which Lhave found— 
First ; that the magnetic intensity of the 
earth is subject, to a diurnal variation, so 
that it decreases from the first hours of 
morning 


400 
morning till about ten or eleven, when it 
arrives at its minimum; from tbat time it 
goes on increasing, till four in the after- 
noon, and, in the latter montlis, till six or 
seven in the evening. This force afterwards 
decreases anew during the night, and 
about three in the morning reaches its 
maximum; whenee it again returns, by 
little and little, to its minimum about ten 
or eleven in the morning, and so on con- 
tinually. 

Second ; that whenever the moon passes 
the equator the magnetic intensity is con- 
siderably weaker in the two or, three fol- 
lowing days. 

Third; that the magnetic intensity is 
still more reduced, during the appearance 


Commercial Report. 


[June 1, 


of an aucora borealis, and is: so much the 
weaker as this meteor is extensive and 
powerful, The common intensity returns 
only by degrees, and twenty-four hours 
afterwards, 

Fourth; that the magnetic intensity ap- 
pears to have a very considerable annual 
variation, being stronger in the winter 
months than in the summer months. 

When the magnetic cylinder thakes’ 300 
oscillations’ in 813.6 seconds’ of time, I as- 
sume the corresponding intensity = 1°0000, 
and, as the intensities are in the inverse 
ratio of the squares of the time of the oscil- 
lations, we can always express, in these 
supposed parts, every intensity answering 
to the times of the oscillations. — 


MONTHLY COMMERCIAL REPORT. 


—a 
PRICES oF MERCHANDIZE. April 26. May 24. 
Cocoa, W.J, common -+ $3 09 0 to 315 O 3 0 0 to’'3 15 0 percwt. 
Coffee, Jamaica, ordinary 5 2 0 — 5 5 O 415 0 — 6°3 0°. do. 
Coffee, »fne>+ 510 0 — 512 0 | 511 0 — 513°0° do. 
——; Mocha --+¢+00+ 13. 0.0 — 20 0 0 110 0 0 —15 0 0. dd. 
Cotton, W.I.common-. 0 0 81 0 0 9F} 0 0 8 — 0 010 perlb, 
, Demerarar+++** 0 O a Oo 1 Ok; O 0 94 —..0 1 0° do, 
Currants +-----.- seoeee 513 0 — O O O | 518 0 — 0 OD O percwt. 
Figs, Turkey ««-.++-:-. 3 0 0 —= 4 8 0} 3 5° 0 — 4 4 0 ‘do: 
Flax, Riga «-++++se+0+- 0 0 0 — 0 0 O {49 0 0 — 50 0 O per ton. 
Hemp, Riga, Rhine ---- 0 0 0 — 0 0 O {11 0 0 — 42 0 0 do. 
Hops, new, Pockets...» 3 5 0 — 5 00}; 4 0 0 — 5 O O perewt. 
+, Sussex,do) 215 0 — 3 0 0/310 0 — 4 0 0. do, 
Tron, British, Bars ---- 8 0 0 — 810 0 | 810 0 — 910 0 per ton, 
[Pigs aess-<3°'O 0% 6100 'T 6"'0" 0 =" 6"10 "6. do: 
Oil, Lucca --++seeeee-- 39 0 0 — 0 0 O 139 0 0 — 0 0.0 per jar. 
—, Galipoli.-:+../..5-.65 0 0 — 0 0 0 |60 0 0 — 0° 00 per ton. 
Rags «-sceccesseoeers 118 O — 0 0 0} 2-0 DV — 0 O O perewt. 
Raisins, bloom or jar,new 310 0 — 0 0 0} 310 0 — 0 0 0 do, 
Rice, Patnakind +-.-.-.0 0 0 — 0 001]014 0 — 016 0. do, 
—., East India-------- 0 9 © — 010 0 | 011 0 — 015. 0. do. 
Silk, China, rdw-+e+sees 019 1 — 019 6 | 018 1 — 1'1 5 per Ib. 
——, Bengal, skein «++. 013 1 — 016 7 | 015 3 — 016 3. do. 
Spices, Cinnamon --+--- 0 8 9 — 090/077 —~ 0 7 9. do. 
3 Cloves! s-eses-3 O° S10 — 0 3.11] 0 S&S 8° = G73'9' do, 
> Nutmegs «++s.6 0 310 — 00 0].0 3 9 — 0 310. do. 
, Pepper, black... 0 0 72— 0 06:0} 0 0 72-—. 0 0 TE: do. 
Lee whitées Od Bee 0 4 4 [0 1 Spree 60g ao 
Spirits, Brandy, Cogmiac 0-4 3°>— 0 4 5 | 0 3.6 — 0 +4 O pergal. 
-— Geneva Hollands 014 —- 017/017 — 041 8. do. 
—, Rum, Jamaica«» 6 110 — 0 2 0 0.1140 — 0.2.1. do, 
Sugar, browne+s+e*--,+ 216 0 — 3 0 04 2196 0° — 9°46 “0 per cwt. 
——, Jamaica, fine. +-*5 3.42 0 — 317 0.|.3 11,.0,.— 5314 0 do. 
——, East Indiay brown» 0.32) O08 —. 0 18500) fi Oo84Oe ot .0 0 dow 
——, lump, fine,-esse+. 4:15°0 — 418 0 | 4.4 0 -- 412 0 do. 
Tallow, town-inelted---. 2.3.0 — 0 0 0 | 148. 0.—.0 0.0) do, 
=, Russia, yellow ++) 9° 4. O--+ 2.18 0 411.165 0°— 0.0.0 do. 
Tea, Bohea:.++....---6 0 2 53 — 0 0.0. },.0.2. 55 — 0 2 6¥perlb. 
==; Hyson, bestisoves Oud doe 0 3 TiO 8.4.0.3 8 dow 
Wine, Madeita, old «.-. 98 0 0 —33 00 |22 0 0 —~ 33-0 O-perpipe 
——, Port, old +s en042 94 0° 0 +55 .0;.0 494-0. 0, — 55 0 O° do, 
—— Sherry --eeee.602 95, 09:0. — 65:00:01) 25-0. 0 \— 6004 Ocper butt 


Premiums of Insurance.—Guernsey or Jersey; 108.4 12s.—Cork or Dublin, 10s. a 12s. 
—Belfast, 10s, @ 19s.—Hambro’, 7s.’ 6d. a°108.—Madeira, 20s. 0d.—Jamiaica, 30s.— 


Greenland, out and home, 5 gs. to 8 gs. 


Course of Exchange,’ May 24. Amsterdam, 12 8.—Hambureb, 37 
, Leghorn, 48.—Lisbon, 503.—Dublin, 93 per cent.” 


7.—Paris, 25 30. 


Premiums 


1822.) 


List of Bankrupts. 


aot 


Premiums on Shares and Canals, and Joint Stock Companies, at the Office of Wolfe and 
Edmonds’:—Birmingham, 6002.—-Coventry, 10001,—Derby,. 135/,—Ellesmere, 661.— 
Grand Surrey,, 55!.—Grand Union, 21/,—Grand Junction, 240!.—Grand Western, 3. 
—Leeds and Liverpool, 3601.—Leicester, 290/—Loughbro’, 54001—Oxford, 6701.— 


Trent and Mersey, 19001. 


Worcester, 25/—East India Docks, 1601—London, 


.1081.—West India, 185/,—Southwark Bruner, 20/.—Strand, 5/,—Royal Exchange 
AssURANCE, 260l,—Albion, 501.—Globe, 1331.—GaAs LicuT CoMPANyY, 65l.—City 


Ditto, 1131. . 


The 3 percent. Reduecd, on the 24th was 784; 3 per cent. Consols, 795; 5 per 


cent. Navy, 1023 3. 


Gold in bars, 31.478. 102d. per oz.—New doubloons, 3l. 15s.—Silver in bars, 4s. 114d. 


ArruasetreaL List or BANKRUPTCIES announced between the 20th of April, 
ane and the 20th of May, 1822; extracted from the London Gazette: 


BANKRUPTCIES. [This Month 97.] 


Solicitors’ Names are in Parentheses. 


ACKLAND, H. and J. Rose, Leadenhall-market, 
Pi azisionemerchants, (Daniell and Co. 

Amiss, J. Bronryard,; victualler. 
(Hilliard and Co. 

Attree, W. Brighton, coach-maker. (Hunt 

Beley, J. Birmingham, dealer. (Turner and Co. 

Benbow,T. Bromyurd, Herefordshire, draper, (Wil- 
liams-and Co. 

Beyer T. and E, Leicester, brace-manufacturer. 
(Chilton 


Bird, J  TRpuy St. Edmunds, butcher. 

and Co. 

Bleay, J. Marston, Oxfordshire, corn-dealer. (Ro- 
binson and Co, 

Boshier, J. Norway-place, Hackney-road, timber- 
merchant, (Hutchinson 

Bradley, W. Louth, linen-draper. (Phillips 

Bramwell, J. Leadenhall-street, hatter. ayllew 

Brittain, J. Worcester, linen draper. (Poole and Co. 

Burr, J. Hales Owen, Shropshire, ironmonger. 

*- . (Long and Co. 

Burzess, J. Liverpool, dealer, (Blackstock and.Co, 

Carliell, C. Bury St. Edmund’s, carpenter. (Bromley 

Garter, M. Forton-mill, Gosport, miller. (Minchin 

Child, Sh St. Ives, Huntingdonshire, boatwright, 

‘ ‘(EN is 

Collard, W. Enmore, Somersetshire, baker. (Corbett, 

Coales, J.yEarith, Huntingdonshire, liquor-mer- 
chant, (Long and Co. 

Cole, T. and 8. Priest, jun. Norwich, warehouse. 
men. (Tilburry and. Co. 

Cosser, W. Milbank-st, timber-merchant. (Shefheld 

Cruckshanks,.J. Gerrard-street, sash-manufacturer, 
(Allen and Co, 

€ruso, ‘f, Norwich, linen-draper. _ Ginars 

Davtls, G. East Stonehouse, Devonshire, ship-builder, 
(Raine and Co. j 

Dean, R. W. and T. W. Cooke, Sugarloaf-alley, 
Bethnal-green, brewers, (Crancli t 

Devey, H. F., T. Fickell, and J. Sanders, Goldshih; 
Staffordshire, iron-manufacturers. 

. and Co. ; 

Dryden, > a eh ge warehouseman. (Adams 

and Co. 

Dunuett, D. Norwich, veterinary-surgeon. (Fenton 

Bins, W. sen, St. Ives, Huntingdonshire, inn- 

keeper. (Long and Co. f 
Ely, T. Fenchurch-st. malt-factor, (Daniell and Co, 
Emett, C. Mangotsfield, Gloucestershire, quarry- 
man, (Poole and Co. 
Evans, F. Cirencester, corn-dealer. (Beyer 
Faulkner, P. Manchester, warchouseman, 


Herefordshire, 


(Sandys 


(Hurd 


"and Go. 
Fearman, W. Nev Bond-street, bookseller. (Gaines 
Finer, F. Drury-lane, grocer. (Flower _ 
Firmstone, J. P, Wolverhampton, 
(Hicks and Co. 
Fowler, W. Stames, linen-draper. (Fisher and Co. 
Freethy, T. Acton, Middlesex, baker. (Hill 
Gamson, J. Gainsborough, mercer, (Stocker and Co, 
Goodwin, J. Sheffield, victualler. "(Fisher and Co. 
Green, J. Birmingham, ironmonger. (Swain and €o. 
Griffith, T. Hilmorton, Warwickshire, victualler. 
(Wratislaw, Rugby 
Hamper, H. Cheltenham, bosier. (Vizard and Co. 
Haunum, E, Crown-court, Threadneedle-street, in~ 
surauce-broker. (Hutchinson 
Hawkins, J. jun. Glastonbury, Somersetshire, 
horse-dealer.. (Adlington and Co. 
Hgathe Yr Cheadle, grocer. (Barber 
ewitt, T. Carlisle, draper. (Saul 
Hirst, J, Awkley, Yorkshire, iron-fouuder, 


iron-master. 


(Lever 


(Norton. 


—— 


Holland, S. P. Worcester,-hop-merchant. (Cardale 


and Co, ; 
Horsely, J. Newcastle-upon-Tyne, linen-draper. 
(Constable and Co. 
Hudson, J. Ulverston, vietualler. (Blakelock 
Jones, D, Liverpool, dealer, (Blackstock and Co, 
Jones, L. Deptford-bridge, dealer, nd ‘Duff 
Kent,C, Manchester, shepkeeper.(Adlington and Co, 
Lawson, P. Bownes’-hall, Cumberland, corn-dealer. 


Addison , ‘ 
Marsh, W. and W. Willatt,. Hanley, Staffordshire. 
earthenware-manufacturers. (Jones 
Mortram, J. Bristol, hop-merehant, (Poole and Co. 
Moore, D. Aston, arwickshire, iron-masters 
(Pearce and Co. if ‘ 
Morris, §. Long Itchington, W-arwickshire,-corn- 


dealer, (Walker 
Nash, J: sen. Clandon, Surrey, farmer, (Palmer 
and Co, 


Orme, H. Liverpool, brewer, (Adlington and Co. 

Owen, J. Leadenhall-street, cabinet-maker, | (Ash- 
ley and Co. 

Parkes, J, J. and J. Warwick, woisted-manufac- 

tnrers. (Amory and Co, 

Pearl, R. Cambridge, cook. (Farlow 

Pearson, J. Neweastle-under-Lyme, grocer, (Wilson 

Pritchard, J. Rosaman-street, Clerkenwell, car- 
penter. (Devey 

Prothers,.J. Bedwellty, Monmouthshire, shopkeeper. 


(Wiglesworth 
&. Arbour-square, Commercial-road, 
merchant. (Atchesen 
Rose, J. G, Brompton, dealer. . (Pike. 
Rout, J. Whitechapel, linen-draper. (Fisher and Co. 
Rass, J. Evesham, Worcestershite butcher. (Darke 
and Co. : 
Salman, J. Lambeth, coal-merchant. (Harris 
Sansom, J. Exeter, china-dealer. (Bratton 
Schofield, J. Sheffield, cutler. (Wilson - 
Smith, J. K. Farnham, Surrey, upholsterer. 
(Fisher and Co. eR TP 
Smith, A. J. and J. Strepherd, Kingswinford, Staf- 
fordshire, ironmasters. (Tooke and Co. 
Smith, R. Frome Selwood,Somersetshire, innholder. 
(Perkins and Co. 
Smith, M. H. Burslem. (Williams:and Co. — 
Smith, J. Wangford, Suffolk, warrener. | (Hunt» 
Stewart, R. King-street, Cheapside, Scotch factor. 
~ (Shaw and Co, j wig 8 be 
Surnam, F. Crowle, Worcestershire, maltsters-¢Wii- 
liams and Co. qoemanisa seria. te 
Tatner, W. Kent-road, victualler. (Walls ~~ 
Upperton, R. Petworth; banker. « (Hillard andCo. 
Vaughan, Ts Chesley: Lancashire, cotton manufac- 
: 


i. (Greg ay 
Robinson, W, Halifax, ironmonger. 
Roxby, 


_ turer. (Appleby and Co... wa el 
Vincent, J. Regent-street, Mary-le-bonne,’ yictu- 
aller. (Orlebar 91/91! nT 


Walton, S. Nantwich, linen-draper. . (Wildes 
Walwyn, R. acne pens rcheaps de, printer, 
(Jones and Co.” i ‘ 
Warren, P.Warminster, mealman. (Lowden and €o. 
Watkins, W.. Norton, Worcestershire, corn-deuler. 

(Collett and Co. 
White, T, Regent-street, St. James’s, whitesmith. 


(Rice : eau re VPN 
Vie Gena B, Dale End, Birmingham, baker. 
mith. 
Wilsov, H. Hattonsgarden, auctioneer.. (Hodgson 


and Co. _ ey 
Willett, i F. and R. Thetford. (Blagrave and Co. 
Williams, P.) jan. Knightsbridge, linen-draper. 
(Wilde. and Co, ‘ 
Woakes, J. Hereford, upholsterer. (Wright 
Worswick, T, Lancaster, banker. (Bell and Co. 


DIVIDENDS. 


462 


c 


Abenethie, J. aud F. Henderson, ' 


Lothbury sc rhy 1¢ ‘i 
Abbott, J. _Weymouth-street,, 
Ackland T. Some G x 
ckland, T. sen. Greenwich 
Alvin, R, P, Eli-street,, Gray’s 
Inn-lane 
Archer, J. Ware Park-mi!l 
Austin, J, W. Princes-street 
Bagna‘l, T. Birmingham 
Baldwin, W. H. Liverpool 
Lanting; J. Mary le-bonne 
Heaumont, J. Beech-st. Barbican 
Bailey, B. Merton 
Bell, J. and G. Berwick 
Benson, C. Birmingham 
Bibby, R. Liverpool 
Blakeway, J. and R, 
Staffordshire 
Brierley, W. Halifax 
Burlingham, ‘fT. Worcester 
Callow, J. Prince’s-street, Soho 
Carr, J. and D. R. Tedley, Leeds 
Caw, T. Bush-lane, Cannon-st, 
Chapman, R. Hammersmith 
Chubb, W. P. Aldgate 
Compton, W. Birmingham 
Couptand, €. R.F. and E. Leeds 
and Manchester 
Davies, J. Herefordshire 
Vevey, W. and J. Coal Exchange 


Bilston, 


Dixon, H. J. €. Lavater, and J. ° 


K, iad Liverpool 
aig . and J. Alderman’s 


al 

Dubois, J. Copthatl-court 

Edwards, L. O, Minories 

Ellis, S. and G. Glover, Alders- 
vate-street 

Elwyn, G. Canterbury * 

Emes, W. and P. Church-row, 
Fenchurch-street 

Faugoin, H. Bristol 

Featherstone, J..L. Semour, Wor- 
cestershire 

Foster, L. Farningham 

Francis, S. Norwich 

Fullet, J. M. Worthing 

Gallon, ‘Tf. Leeds 

Garside, T. Stockport 

Gibbins and Stokes, Level Jron- 
works 

Gidley, E. Dover-street, Piccadilly 

Greer, J. Brauncewell, Lincolnsh, 

Harrison, A. Parliament.street 

Hebdin, W. A, 0. Hebddin, Par- 
liament-street, Westminster, 
and J. Browne, sen. Leeds 

Hepbaru, C. Commercial-road 


MONTHLY AGRICULTURAL REPORT. 


Agricultural Report. 
(DIVIDENDS. 


Hesléden, W. and W. S. Barton- 
' upon-Huniber ; 
Hillicar, T. and J. Bristol 
Hanter, G. Cateaton-street 
‘Iiingworth, 'R. S. Waterloo-place, 
Pall Mail i 
Inchbold, T. Leeds 
Jackson, H. Mincing-lane 
Jacobs, T. and W. Spiers, Oxford 
Jenkins, E, Picketstone,Cowbridge 
Johnson, J. New Buckenham, 
Norfolk 
Kelty, A. Colonnade, Pall Mall 
Knowles,J.and H.Walker, Salford 
Vageman, W. Tower-bill 
Lambert, T. and 8S. Leeds 
Langhorn, H. and W, Brailsford, 
ucklersbury 
Latham, J. Abingdon 
Latham, T. D. and J. Parry, De- 
yonshire-square 
Lawrence, G, Evesham 
Leyburn, G. Bishopsgate-street 
Leyburn, G. and R. P. Cruden, 
Gravesend 
Levi, J. Wells, Norfolk 
Lockey, C. Ivy-lane 
Lowndes, W. J. Robinson, and 
: H. Nield, Manchester 
“Mackenzie, C. Cuaroline-street, 
Bedford-square 
M‘Nai, A. Abchurch-lane 
fun: and J. Atkinson, 


Mann, T. Halifax 

Maltby, W. jun. and W. Thorpe, 
jun. Bath. 

Metcalfe, W. Cranbourne-street, 
Leicester-fields 

Miller, S. Emsworth, Hanrpshire 

Molony, M. City-road 

Murle, B. Stoue, Staffordshire 

Malligan, T. Abbey Church-yard, 


Bath 
Nathan, M. and A. Abrams, Old- 
street 
Newman; N. Skioner-street 
Oake, G. RK. London 
Oakley, H. Mary-le-bone lane 
Oram, J. Cricklade 
Parr, J. Stard-lane, Lancashire 
Payne, S. Nottingham 
Pearce, J. Horningsham, Wilts 
Pearson, R. Doncaster 
Peters, BE. Redcliff-ball, Bristol 
Pitts, J. Hereford 
Plaw, H. R. Riches-court, Lime- 
street 


— 


[June 1, 


Powell; J. sen. Windsor 
Prince, R. Lugbridge Mills 


, Pugh, G. Sheerness ‘ 


Rainsford, C. East Hanney, Berks. 


~ Rayis, NJ Gracechurch-stieet 


Reilly, R. Sonthampten-row, 

Bloomsbury : 
Reynolds, R. Shobrooke,Devonsh. 
Richards, W. Penzance 


. Roberts, S. Cheltenham 


Rood, J. Portsmouth a 
Royle, J. F. Pall Mall 


. Rucker; S. Old SouthSea house 


Rutt, J. Hammersmith , 

Seaman, G. Bishopsgate-street 

Snape, W. Liteh held 

Spitta, C. L.-and Co. Lawrence 
Pountney-lane 

Stanley,N. Malkin-house, Yorksh. 

Stevenson, A. Boston 

Stourport, R. Nassau-street, Com- 
mercial-road 

Strahan, “R. and-T. Stubba, 


heapside i, 
Studd, J. L. Kirby-street, Hats 
ton-garden 
Sngden, R. Halifax 
Sutton, J.sen. Barlestone, Lelces-~ 
tershire : 
Taylor, J. Heath Charnock 
Thomas, G. Bristol 
Thompson, J. T. Long Acre 
Todd,5. Southampton 
Tompson, J. Atherstone 
Travers, By and J.. Esdaile, Jun,- 
Queen-street, Cheapside 
Trueman, D. Goldsmith-street 
Tucker, J. H. Jermyn-street’ ’ 
Turner, G, Liverpool ; 
‘Tweed, T, L. Boreliim, Essex ~ 
ADlph, W. Norwich i : 
Vipdnd, G, Lodgate-hill f 
Ward, R. R. Maiden-lane, Battle- 


ridge > ; 
Washburn, J. Great Marlow 
Webster, J. Derby 
Wibberley, R. Liverpool 
Wickwar, H. and J. Colthropt- 
mills; Berkshire ‘ 
Williams, W. and A. Whyte, New 
Bond-street 
Wilcox, T. and J. Fitterton, Theo< 
bald’s-road Feta 
Wilford, E. Boston ‘ 
Woolven, T. Andover set 
Wright, T. Stourport { 
Young, T. Machen, Monmouthsh 


- Zimnier, J. Welbeck-streety | 


T HE appearance of the crops throughout 
the country is generally promising ; 
and, although the wheats, from the nature 
of the season, have suffered universally in 
colour, and in many parts: by loss of plant, 
a favourable summer and harvest may yet 
produce*an abundant crop. The wheats 
upon cold, unsound JIand, whieh had’ in 
course suifered most, are visibly recover- 
ing both strength and colour. Thefallows 
and lands for the spring-crops have been 
worked with much Jabour and diffienity ; 
but the crops are sufficiently forward, and 
weara healthy and’ thriving appearance ; 
not however so luxuriant as they are seen 
at the same period in more gemal seasons. 
Potatoes have planted well, All the green 
crops are of good promise, and it has 
proved a most abundant season for tares. 
"Phe hay harvest will probably be early. 
The vast quantity of grass this spring has 


produced a memorable abundance of milky 
in the metropolis, and a general reduction. 
in the price of milk and butter. In Kent 
and Sussex, great complaints are made of 
the weak and blighted state ef the hops, 
The appearance of the fly is general, and 
the hedges and fruit-trees are covered 
with the webs and nidus of insects. In 
the inland counties hop planfations appear 
more healthy, Fruit in geveral has suf- 
fered much in blossom ; pears more than 
any’ other species. The bark harvest is’ 
nearly and’ successfully finished, but the 
fall of oaks nas not been so considerable. 
as in former years. Vast and uncenimon: 
swarms of mice are said to be making a 
most destructive havock in. the barns jand” 
stacks of the farmers in many, counties ; 
aud in one of the Reports an casy method - 
of destroying these vermin. is requested! - 
At some of the great fairs, cattle and 
sheep 


1822.] 
sheep have been sold at prices the most 
depressed; whilst, from peculiar circum- 
stances, at some few others, satisfactory 
sales have been made. The sales under 
execution of farming property have rather 
_ imereased of late; and there exist the 
strongest symptoms of a farther depres- 
sion of farming produce. The deplorable 
systems of tenants quitting their farms, 
and driving off the stock, has taken place 
to.a. considerable extent in the Prin- 
cipality< 


Political Affairs in May. 


463 


Smithfield :—Beef, is. 8d. to 3s. 8d.— 
Mutton, 1s.'8d. to. 3s.—Liamb, 3s. 4d, to 
5s. 8d.—Veal, 2s. 6d. to 4s. 6d.—Pork, 
1s. 8d. to 4s.—Raw fat, 2s. 0Ld. 

Corn Excliange:—-Wheat, 52s. to 64s.— 
Barley, 15s. to 30s.— Oats, 14s. to 28s.— 
The quartern loaf in London, 94¢d.—Hay, 
50s. to 84s.—Clover do. 463. 6d. to 100s.— 
Straw, 24s. to 37s. 6d. 

Coals in the pool, 36s. 6d, to 42s. 

Middlesex ; May 21. 


POLITICAL AFFAIRS IN MAY. 


— . 


' “GREAT BRITAIN. 
MIDST the afilicting distresses of 

+%& the landed and farming classes, 
and the. consequent depression ef 
home-trade, it is a circumstance as 
gratifying as extraordinary, that the 
produce of the revenue continues to 
increase with reference to the same 
periods of former years. 
thatthe monthof April yielded 300,000/. 
more than April 1821, while the in- 
crease in the previous quarter was 
stated in our last Number at 430,000/. 

The financial plan of converting 
the half-pay and pensions created 
by the late unprincipled wars, from 
annuities depending on the lives of the. 
parties, into annuities for a fixed term 
of forty-five years, that is, of paying 
2,800,000/. for forty-five years, instead 
ef 5,000,000/. for about twenty years, 
by which the load is shifted from this 
culpable generation to the next, is at 
length carried. 
posed to sell the transaction to specu- 
lators ata bidding ; but, no purchasers 
offering, the annuity is to be charged 
on the Consolidated Fund. 

The difference in the present cost 
has enabled the minister ‘‘to throw a 
tub to the whale,” and to remit taxes 
to the amount of 2,000,000/. without 
any reduction of establishments or ex- 
penditure. But,as the paymentis only 
deferred, and no saving effected, Mr, 
Wilson described it as nothing more or 
less than a Joan; and Mr, Maberly 
said the whole of the proceeding was 
frand. and_trickery, and that House 
that approved of it, instead of being 
the guardian of the public purse, was 
its plunderer.. Mr.. Hume. moved an 


amendment, that the 2,800,000/. should \ 


he paid by the commissioners of the 
Sinking Fund; and, although this is 
the only straight-forward proceeding, 
yet it was negatiyed by 115 to 35. 


It is said 


lt was at first pro-- 


The following resclutions were car- 
ried :— 

1. That for the purpose of apportioning, 
conformably to the resolutions of this 
House, of the 3d day of this instant month 
of May, the burden occasioned by the Mi- 
litary and Naval Pensions, it is expedient 
that an equal annual Annnity of 2,800,0001. 
terminable at the end of forty-five years, 
should, from the 5th day of April, 1822, 
be vested in trustees.to be named by 
Parliament; and that the said Annuity 
should be charged upon the Consolidated 
Fund of the United Kingdom of Great 
Britain and [reland. 

2, That the said trustees should pay into 
the Exchequer the several annual sums 
hereinafter mentioned, by four equal quar- 
terly instalments, on or before the 15th of 
January, the 15th of April, the 15th of 
July, and the 20th of October ; the first 
payment thereof to be made on the 20th 
of October, 1822.—[Here follows a se- 
ries of annually decreasmg sums, from 
4,900,0001. in the ensuing year, to 300,0001. 
in the year endivg 15th of July, 1867.J— 
And that the said several sums, or such 
part thereof as may be necessary, should 
be appropriated and applied conformably 
to the said resolutions. 

3. That, for the purpose of enabling the 
said trustees to make several payments, 
hereinbefore mentioned,- at; the Exche- 
quer, at the several periods aforesaid, they 
should be empowered from time to time to 
sell and dispose. of so much of fhe said 
Annuity as may be necessary for that pur- 


, pose, but so as that no greater amount of 


annuity should be sold or, disposed of in 
any. one year than would, be snfficient te 
raise the sums necessary, to complete the 
whole of the payments to be made within 
the year, or to discharge and pay off the 
principal and. interest of any Exchequer 
Bills which may. haye, been. issued on ac- 
count of such payments... 

4. That for the purpose of enabling the 
said trustees the more readily to provide 
the means necessary for making the said 
payments in the most convenient and eco- 
nomical manner, the commissioners of his 

Majesty’s 


464 


Majesty’s Treasury should’ he empowered 
to issue to the said trustees Exchequer 
Bills to an amount not exceeding the sums 
necessary for completing from time to 
time the said payments; which Exchequer 
Bills, together with imterest thereupon, 
should from time to time be discharged 
and satisfied by the said trustees out of 
any monies to arise by the sale of the said 
annuities, or out of the dividends thereof ; 
and that until such payment, the interest 
accruing on such Exchequer Jills may be 
paid out of any supplies voted by Parlia- 
ment. 

The taxes to be remitted in 1823 
are as under :— 

The Salt Duty. is to be reduced from 
45s, per bushel to 2s. 

The Irish Hearth and Window Duties 
are to be taken off. 

The Leather Duty is to be reduced one- 
half. 

The Tonnage Duty is to be remit- 
ted: the whole of which now produces 
2,000,0001, 

Let it however be borne in mind, 
that these remissions are not conse- 
quences of reduced expenditure and 
establishments, but are effected by ex- 
tending the time for the payment of 
the debt from twenty to forty-five 
years. What the public justly demand 
is a reduction of taxes asa consequence 
of reduced expenditure. 


Political Affairs in May. 


[June 1, 

The following paper, laid ‘before 
Parliament, proves the amount of taxes 
repealed and imposed since the termi- 


nation of the war. ‘The Property or 


War Tax, of 14,267,956/, expired of 
course, : 
Old Taxes remitted. 
Malt Duty, England and Ire- 
Jand +oes.e ee eesee reso -0e $9,912,574 
Customs, Exports, Goods Coast- 


wise, and Tonnage----- e++ee 1,105,675 

Assessed. Taxes, Husbandry 
Horses s+ssesseecesseeses 268,000 

: , Windows, &e. 
Treland ve eeeeessecereeess 235,000 
Husbandry Horses ++++--se0+ 488,482 
5,009,635 

New Taxes imposed. 

Excise Duties on Soap, per Act 
56 Geo. IIL. -+++-+++eeeeee, 292,565 

Custom Duties, per sundry Acts 

56 George III. on Butter, 

Cheese, Rape and Cole Seed, | 

Oe ee 78,365 

Increase of Custom Duties, per 
Aet 59 Geo, ILI. cap, 52-++* 500,000 
Custom Duties, perdo. cap, 83, 22,743 


Excise Duties, do, cap. 52 + +++ 2,774,049 
a do. Ireland, do. 


VALUE OF IMPORTS INTO GREAT BRITAIN, 


Total (exclusive of the 
Trade with Ireland) «--- 
Treland 


Grand Total ».-.++.- 


& 


$5,845,540 0 2 
4,290,612 0 0 


40,135,952 0 2 
‘ VALUE OF EXPORTS FROM GREAT BRITAIN. 


caps. 72 and 87++++++++eee" 218,363 
£3,885,885 

1820. 1821. 
s. d. & 8. di. &£ s. ad, 


29,651,639 16. 
3,944,101 0 9 


$1,515,921 15 7 
4,999,342 15 14 


33,695,740 17 6 


36,514,564 14 6 


British and er rae and Manufactures. 


Total (exclusive of the 
Trade with Ireland). ++ 
Ireland eeeeesoerrosease 


Eg 


8. ke 
41,960,555 3 
» 2,610,097 18 9 


1820. ; 1821." 

£ s. d. Borie” 8d. 
32,983,688 16 10 | 37,817,717. 8. -3 
2,673,340 3 3] 2,429,560 1 11 


Grand; Total «+++ «+9 


44,570,653 2 2 


35,657,099 0 1 


40,240,277 10 2 


Foreign and Colonial Merchandize. — 


; 1819. 
Total (exclusive ‘of «the 

Trade with Iveland).... 
Preland <2. oo(s- eneewieps © 


Grand Total «.«.e.+« 


1819. 
Total (exclusive of the 


Trade with Ireland) .- 
Treland--.- eS eeoteeeeee 


Grand Total beesee 


b 4 s. 
40,835,800 6 4 
4,451,474 8 8) 


12,287,274 15. 0.| 14,278,076 17 6 
Total Exports. 
£ sp 


52,796,355. 9 9 | 42,862,994 16 10 
4,061,572. 7 


56,857 ,997,17 2 | 46,935,105,17.. 7 


1821, 

£ . 
10,525,095 18 8 
965,313 10 0 
8 


1820, 
d. &L s. a. 
9,879,236 0 0 
1,398,840 17 6 


S$, 


11,490,389°°8 


1820. 


ye? 
d, & 8, ; 


# ‘sd. 
48,949,743 6 41 


3;387,873 11°11 


dy 
5,| 4,072,181 0 9 


— 


51,730,616-18 10 
°° Difference 


2 


1822.] 


Difference in the Public Expences in 
1792 and 1620. 


1792—Army +--+. anne + ++ £1,751,000 

Aa ruses we ee e0e 1,854,000 

"rhe A mince @renaie Saree 378, 000 

Miscellaneous -+++ese+-+ 145, 000 
Charge of Ireland, (then 

separate) ------++++++1,200,000 


Collection of Héveinde- e+ 1,021,336 
Civil List and Charges on 

the Consolidated Fund 1 065,134 
Estimate of various Sums 

paid out of the gross 

Revenue 300,000 
Total Charge in 1792 +-«+7,714,490 


1820—Army «-++eeeese eee + ++9,422,000 
Navy+ess cee reeeeee + 26,586,700 
Ordnance-+++ee+-e+ +++1,204,600 
Miscellaneous »++«++++++2,100,000 
Ordnance Stores, impro- 
perly deducted from 
Estimate +e+eeeee 285,000 
Collection of the Revenue 4,296,735 
Civil List of Great Britain 1,800,000 


osees 


Do. Treland «+--+++-++ 570,215 
Quarantine, and other 

Charges on Irish Packet 

CSt,” wiieisiPaes tie seeees 114,463 
Sums paid out of gross 

Revenue -+--+-++--+- 143,911 
Additional Pensions --+- 36,815 


Expences of Woods and 


Forests «+ ecees. se eeee 96,674 
Civil Administration of 
Scotland --.-+-- esse 194,006 


Payments in Ireland on 
account of Half-pay in 
Great Britain «+++... 97,174 


Total Charge in 1820 - - 26,874,293 
GREECE. 

The Greeks are still left by the Holy 
Alliance to defend themselves against 
their ferocious enemies. We hope all 
the threats of a war between Russia 
and Turkey have not been a cloak to 
ulterior designs on Spain. It is now 
said that the Turks have consented to 
evacuate Wallachia and Moldavia. 

Scio appears during the month to 
have been the victim of the most 
frightful mutual butcheries, first of the 
Turks, and then of the helpless Greeks. 

SPAIN. 

Let the Spanish Cortes beware of 
the intrigues of their foreign and do- 
mestic foes! Both are constantly at 
work, and, like the mole, under- 
ground. The Holy Alliance are not 
moving openly, but it is not moving 
the less! The papers are filled with 

notices of petty insurrections and local 
massacres,—all, we fear, parts of a 

MonTHLyY Mac? No. 368. 


Political Affairs in May. 


465 


system. Portugal ought not to look 

on without concern; for the fate of 

Spain decides that of Portugal. 
FRANCE. 

This country, owing to the inroads 
on the Charter and on the Liberties of 
the Press, is in a state of great inquie- 
tude. Riots have taken place at 
Lyons and other places ; and the chief 
dependance of the Bourbons seems to 
be on the Swiss mercenaries, while 
the presence of these exasperates the 
whole French population. 

NETHERLANDS. 

The unpopular measure of making 
the Netherlanders pay their quota of 
taxes for the debt of Holland before 
the late forced union, has been carried 
by the votes of fifty-four Dutch repre- 
sentatives against fifty-one of the fifty- 
four of the Netherlanders, those of the 
two countries voting oppositely! The 
new taxes on the Netherlands com- 
mence, therefore, on the-Ist. of July, 
and have, as it may be. supposed, 
created great discontents. 

NORTH AMERICA. 

It affords us singular satisfaction to 
be able to announce, that the govern- . 
ment of North America, with a just 
respect to principles, has recognized 
the independance of the new repub- 
lics of South America, and that diplo- 
matic agents have been appointed in 
the usual forms. We lament that the 
commercial interests and political ho- 
nour of Great Britain are not consulted 
by asimilar recognition. 

The lust of dominion was never so 
palpably manifested as in the recent 
conduct of Russia. Not contented 
with a territory equal to one-fourth of 
the old continent, and which out-flanks 
the whole, it must needs seek domi- 
nion over the barbarous tribes’ on the 
north-west coast of America, and en- 
deavour, in like manner, to out-flank 
the new governments of America. 
We have often noticed its encroaching 
establishments on this’ coast, even so 
low as. California; but, by’ a formal 
edict, it now claims the sea-coast to 
lat. 51, including all that was surveyed 
by Vancouver and Cooke, and inter- 
dicts the approach of the vessels of all 
nations within 90 miles. Such a Rus- 
sian encroachment ought tobe regarded 
by the whole civilized: world as unwar- 
rantable but to the United States and 
the kingdom of Mexico, it would be as 
though She Russians, in regard to our- 
selyes, were in possession of the Scilly 

y 3N Islands ; 


466 


Islands; and the former government 
has therefore firmly protested against 
it. As popular’ governments dare 
not compromise-public rights, we trust 
the flight of the ravenous Siberian 


Incidents in and near London. 


{June 4, 
eagle will be restrainedin this quarter 
of the world, where no Russian settle- 
ment ought to be tolerated on the Con- 
tinent, and where the Kurile Islands 
serve every legitimate purpose. 


INCIDENTS, MARRIAGES, anp DEATHS In anp neAR LONDON, 
With Biographical Memoirs of distinguished Characters recently deceased. 
— 


CHRONOLOGY OF THE MONTH. 
Atees the 30th.—In the Court of 
£% King’s Bench this day, Mr. Evans 
moved for a new trial in the cause of 
Redford v. Birley and others, but the 
application was refused by the court. 

May 2. Anumerous meeting of Bank 
proprietors took place this day. The 
proposition of the government for the ex- 
tension of the Bank Charter to 1844, but 
allowing the establishment of Banks with 
more than six partners for the issue of 
notes under 5/. in value within sixty-five 
miles of London, was assented to. 

— 6, St, Paul’s Cathedral first lighted 
with gas, to try the effect. ; 

—6, The Dukes of Bedford and 
Buckingham met in Kensington Gardens, 
in consequence of a challenge from the 
latter, for severe public reflections of the 
former at the Bedford county meeting; 
when, after an exchange of fires, the dis- 
pute was amicably adjusted. 

— 7. A meeting of merchants, bankers, 
and others, was held this day at the City of 
London Tavern, for the purpose of taking 
into consideration the present deplorable 
situation of the southern provinces of 
{reland.; Thomas Wilson, esq. m.P. in the 
chair. Mr. Reed moved, ‘That a sub- 
scription be now commenced,” which was 
earried unanimously, and has since been 
supported with munificent spirit, although 
it is notorious that the distresses in ques- 
tion .arise. entirely from. misgovernment, 
and nothing is yet heard of ameliorations. 

—7. The new splendid church at St. 
Pancras, consecrated by the Bishop of 
London, with the accustomed ceremonies, 

— 7. Mr. Alderman Lucas presented a 
petition to the Court of Aldermen, against 
the swearing inof Mr. Denman, as com- 
mon serjeant, founded on an obsolete bye 
law of the time of Elizabeth. After many 
severe animadversions on the petition, by 
several members of the court, Mr, Denman 
was sworn in and took his seat. 

— 9. An iron steam-boat exhibited on 
the Thames hetween London and Battersea 
bridges: she drew one foot water Jess than 
any steam-boat that has ever been built; 
was one hundred and six feet long, and 
seventeen broad, and was pranelea by a 
thirty-horse engine. She is to navigate 
between London and Paris, being the first 
instance of a direct water communication 
between the capitals of France and 
England. 


— 15, A numerous meeting was held at 
the City of London Tavern to take into 
consideration Mr. Owen's ‘‘ Plan for the 
Permanent Relief of the British Agricul- 
tural and Manufacturing Labourers, and 
the Irish Peasantry, from the niisery and 
distress by which they are now over- 
whelmed.” Several gentlemen were pre- 
sent, and it was stated that 45,0001. have 
been subscribed towards the erection of 
an establishment upon Mr. Owen’s plan 
in Scotland, and that the foundation of a 
square, of about the size of Lincoln’s Inn- 
fields, will shortly be laid out two miles 
from Lanark, 

— 16. In the House of Commons, Mr. 
Martin, of Galway, presented a petition _ 
from a number of respectable inhabitants 
of Camberwell, in support of the Bill now 
pending to prevent cruelty to animals, 
The Hon. Member detailed the conduct 
of the man who keeps a place in West- 
minster, where Jacco Macacco, a monkey, 
has exhibited his prowess; ‘ this unfortu- 
nate animal, (said Mr. M.) after having 
fought many pitched battles, was pitted 
against a dog of double its weight; Jacco, 
fought the dog for half an hour, and the 
battle terminated by the dog tearing away 
the whole of the monkey’s lower jaw, and 
the monkey’s ripping up the dog’s sto- 
mach. Both animals died in a few mi- 
nutes.” Even the carcase butchers of 
Whitechapel, aware of the atrocious cru- 
elties committed, have united in a peti- 
tion for a Bill to restrain the unfeeling 
practices of. mankind, 

— 18, The Marquis of Westmeath sen- 
tenced to three months’ imprisonment in 
the King’s Bench for challenging Mr. 
W oods to fight a duel. 

20, At the annual meeting of the Lite- 
rary Fund, a donation of Andrew Strahan, 
esq. of 10001. was announced, which, with 
other donations, swells the capital of this 
society to an amount which might be be- 
neficial to literature if directed with due 
practical knowledge of the feelings and 
circumstances of literary men in distress. 

— 20, The proprietors of the profligate 
John Bull newspaper were this day brought 
up for judgment for several libels on the 
late Queen. The sentence of the court 
was, “That Thomas Arrowsmith should 
pay a fine of 300/.; and that W. Shackell 
and J. Weaver should be imprisoned three 
months, and pay a fine of 1001. each, with 
securities,” 


— 25. 


1822. 


— 23. The fifteenth anniversary of the 
triumph of Westminster and_ purity of 
election, celebrated by a grand dinner at 
the Crown and Anchor Tavern. Sir F. 
Burdett presided, and all the leading 
members of the opposition were present. 

— 25, The metropolis and the-environs 
were this day visited with a tremendous 
storm. At Kensington, the lace manu- 
factory had almost all the windows broken, 
and a quantity of valuable lace destroyed. 
Twelve hundred squares of glass are said 
to have been demolished in one nursery- 
#round, and fifteen hundred squares 
broken in Kensinyton-Palace Gardens ; 
besides several other instances of its de- 
structive effects in that vicinity. 

— 27. Mr. Denman began his career 
as Common Serjeant this day, under most 
inauspicious circumstances. It fell to 
his lot to try the unnamed servant of a 
bookseller for selling a book, afterwards 
discovered to be seditious and irreligious. 
Of the moral or legal responsibility of a 
seivant in performing iu his employment 
an act not essentially unlawful, like that of 
selling a book, just doubts have been en- 
tertained! But the man being found 
guilty, Mr. Denman sentenced him to 
eighteen months’ imprisonment, and to 
find security for five years ! 

In. consequence of the low price of 
provisions, a very material reduction in 
the Poov’s-rates has Jately taken place in 
the extensive parish of St. Mary, Lambeth, 
where, notwithstanding a recent demand 
for a,connty rate of nearly 1,800/, the 
Poor’s-rates are reduced from the year 
1820 to the present one, 10,490/.— 
~ An elegant service of plate was lately 
presented to Mr. Alderman Wood.—lIt 
consists. of forty-four pieces, weighing 
about 1,400 ounces, and cost 6001. Ou 
the inside of one of the covers is a suit- 
able inscription, in testimony of his praise- 
worthy conduct. 

MARRIED, 

Archibald,Macbean, esq. of the Royal 
Artillery, to Emily, only daughter of 
William Johnson, esq. of Muswell-hill. 

Mr. E. Gray Hopkins, to the eldest 
daughter of E..H, Clark, esq. of Penton- 


house... 

The Rev. Robert Mosley Master, a m. 
to Frances Mary, eldest daughter of 
George Smith, esq. M,p, of Selsdon, Surry. 

George Rust,, esq. of Huntingdon, to 
Sophia, daughter of Henry Peters, esq. 
of Betchworth Castle, Surrey. 

H.-W. Parkinson, esq. to Eliza, fourth 
danglter of the late Mr. James Asperne, 
of Cornhill. 

E.. C,, Woodbridge, esq. son of J, 
Woodbridge, esq, of Charlwood Park, 
Surrey, to Elizabeth, daughter of Captain 
Herbert, of Henrietta-street, Blooms- 
bury. |. 

Walter Overton Smith, esq, of the 


Marriages and Deaths in and near London. 


467 
Royal Montgomery Light Infantry Regi- 
ment, to Miss Mary Wells, Marlborough- 
place, Walworth. 

The Rev. Thomas Harrison, B.A. of 
Denne hill, Kent, to Jemima Elizabeth, 
daughter of the late Champion Branfill, 
esq. of. Upminster-hall, Essex, i 

Mr. Ince, chemist, to Miss Dakin, niec 
to Mr. Howden, Old-street-road. 

Mr. Jolin Ray, of St. Paul’s Church- 
yard, to Elizabeth, eldest daughter of 
John Keen, esq, of the former place. 

Robert Francis Suft, esq. of Lambeth- 
terrace, to Ann, fourth daughter of 
Thomas Manson, esq. of the same place. 

Mr. George Webster, surgeon, Dulwich, 
to Elizabeth, eldest daughter of Stephen 
Hall, esq. of the same place. 

Major Geo. Gun Munro, of Poyutzfield, 
N.B., to Jemima Charlotte, relict of the 
late Francis Graham, esq. of Tulloch- 
castle, Jamaica: 

. Henry Parkin, esq. surgeon, Barking, 
Essex, to Miss Sarah Richardson Stock, of 
Poplar. 

Henry Porcher, esq. of Arlington-street, 
to Sarah, second daughter of John Pearse, 

— esq. of Craig’s-court, Charing-cross. 

‘The Rev. J. Edwin Lance, to Madelina 
Lonisa, the only surviving daughter of the 
late Josias Dupré Porcher, of Winslade, 
Devon. 

Mr. Simmons, of London-wall, to Miss 
F. Day, of Fairford. 

Charles, only son of Charles Lawrence, 
esq. of Keppel-street, Russell-square, to 
Jane, fourth daughter of William Flower, 
esq. of Upper Bedford-place, Russell- 
square. 

Mr. George Gent, son of the late Rev. 
J. Gent, vicar of Stoke and Mayland, 
Suffolk, to Jane, youngest daughter of the 
late Thomas Willows, esq. 

Mr. Henry Mayor, of Colebrook-row, 
to Ann, youngest daughter of the’ late 
Samuel Lightfoot, esq. of Lower-stieet. 

Mr. William Blake, of York-place, City- 
road, to Miss Bowden, of Wymondham, 


Norfolk. 
DIED. 

At Hastings, 30, Mr. George Sturmy, 
jun. of Walworth. : ; 

At Clapton, after a painful and lingering 
illness, Miss Cartwright, 

At Enfield, Mrs. Coney, widow of the 
late Bicknell Coney, esq. 

At Brighton, 3, William L. S. Lynch, 
eldest son of William Lynch, esq, of Glou- 
cester-place. : 

At Homerton, 45, Jolin Addison, esq. 

At. Upper Brook-street, Lieutenant- 
Colonel Brownrig, eldest son of Sir Robert 
Brownrig, bart. K.C.B. 

At Hackney, 45, Mrs. Whitby, wife of 
William Whitby, formerly of Homerton. 

Sincerely beloved and regretted, Mrs. 
Elizabeth Boys, 7%, wife of Ms, Thomas 
Boys, of Newgate-mnarket, at 


468 


At the Nunnery, near-Horsham, Anne, 
wife of Edward  Houlditch, esq. and 
daughter of the late Colonel Thomas 
Bisshopp+ ; 

After\a severe but protracted: illness, 
Mr. William Arrowsmith, of Bear-street, 
Leicester-tields, 68, an inhabitant of forty 
years, much regretted and respected. 

At St. Mary Axe, fsrael Israel, esqe, 73. 

At St.-Martin’s-lane, Sarah, wife of 
T. Elford, after a long and tedious illness. 

In Bryanstone-square, 87, Surah, relict 
of Samuel Virgin, esq. late of Weymouth- 
street, and of the island of Jamaica. 

In Charlotte-street, Bloomsbury, highly 
respected, Captain Charles Warden, 56, 
many years commander of a vessel in the 
Jamaica trade. 

In the City-road, 80, Captain A. F. 
Baillie, r.w. 

In Great Dean’s yard, Westminster, 
George, the eldest son of Mr, Woodfall. 

Mary Anne, second daughter of Mr. 
Charles Kaye, of New Bank-buildings. 

In Bond-street, 57, Matthew -Russell, 
esq. of Brancepeth Castle, in the county of 
Durham, late m.P. for the borough of 
Saltash. This gentleman began life in a 
very humble sphere, but by industry, pru- 
dence, and fortunate speculations in coal- 
mines, he became possessed of a very large 
fortune, so as to enable him to purchase 
the fine estates and seats of Brancepeth 
Hall and Hardwicke Castle, in the county 
of Durham; and Baysdale Abbey, in 
Yorkshire... He married the daughter of 
‘George Torayson, esq. by whom he had a 
son and daughter. As his wealth increased 
he became desirous of moving in public 
life, and presented himself a candidate 
for a disptited borough in Cornwall, in 
which, after a warm contest, he succeeded. 

Of a lingering consumption, 19, Samuel 
James, eldest son of Mr. D. V. Riviere, of 
Cirencester-place; Fitzroy-square. 

In Lincoln’s-inn. fields, after a short and 
severe illness, Miss Utterton, the sister of 
Mrs. William Harrison. 

At New North-street, Red Lion-square, 
deeply regretted by his relations and a 
small cirele lof friends, 22, George Frederick 
Jennings; esq. i 

At Dundee, Mr. John Wilson, late of 
Queen-street, Cheapside, merchant. 

In Hanover-square, Funny Catherine, the 
second daughter of J. Calcraft, esq. M.P. 

At the house of lier brother, Doughty- 
street, Miss Amelia Hewetson. 

After a few days’ illness, at the house of 
his son-in-law, WilliamThompson, esq.M.P. 
Gloucester-place, 61, Samuel Homfray, esq. 
of Coworth House, Berkshire. 

InGreat Mariborough-street, St. James’s, 
J. Thompson, esq. universally respected, 

In Newman-street, 78, Mr. S, Varley. 
Born in bumble life, and brought up ata 
village in Yorkshire, he there distinguished 
himself by his scientific pursuits, and was 


Deaths in and near London. - 


[June I 


actually driven thence by the vulgar, un- 
der the characterof a‘conjarors In Lon 
don he beeame’a’ public leetarer on na 
tural and experimental philosophy, im 
which capacity the ‘clearness ‘and simpli- 
city of “his demonstrations: gained hina the 
attention of many who have since moved 
im the higher walks of science,» For many 
years‘he was the scientific associate of the 
late Earl Stanhope, and through’ life main- 
tained ‘the deserved character of a philo- 
sopher and a Christian. 

At the Herald’s College, 92; Sir Isaac 
Heard, Garter Principal. King of Arms. 
He was born in the year 1730, and)was at 
the age of fifteen sent to sea, ia vhich 
service he continued till about the year 
1751, after which he was: employed: in 
some mercantile business’ abroad. ~ He 
did not enter into the Herald (Office till 
1759, when he was appointed Blue Mantle 
pour-suivant at Arms ; he must therefore 
have officiated at the funeral of George II. 
at the marriage of George IIL. and) his 
coronation. He was promoted to» be 
Lancaster herald in 1762, and soon) after 
to be Earl Marshal’s secretary. ‘In’ this 
situation he continued until 1779, when 
he was appointed Norroy King at Arms, 
and next year nominated Clarenceux., In 
1785 he succeeded to be Garters Ia 
this capacity he had acted thirty-seven 
years. His late Majesty conferred on him 
the order of Knighthood. © Sir Isaae, was 
strictly attentive to the duties of his office, 
but has never published any professional 
work. He had often been sent: to: the 
continent to invest foreign princes with 
the Order of the Garter, for which he was 
liberally rewarded. |The attendance: of 
the same officer of Arms at two Corona- 
tions, upwards of sixty years distant from 
each other, is a singular circumstance; 
although, from Sir Isaac’s: great) age and 
infirmities, Sir George Nayler had the 
principal direction of tle latter. He was 
twice married, but has left no children. 
His remains were removed in funeral pro- 
cession for interment in St. George’s 
chapel, Windsor. ‘Che cavalcade con- 
sisted of a hearse and six horses, with four 
mourning coaches and four, and the private 
carriages of the Earl of Harcourt, Bishop 
of Salisbury, Lord Thurlow, Sir George 
Nayler, Mrs. Garrick, George Harrison, 
esq. of the Treasury, and Dr. Warre. The 
corpse was met at the chapel-door by the 
Canons in residence, and the choir of 
singers.» ‘The’ pall was supported. by six 
gentlemen, and the deceased’s robes and 
sword were placed on the top of it. The 
choir’ sung the funeral service, and the 
organ played as the corpse was. cartied 
round the west aisle. The body was in- 
terred to the left of the chapel, opposite 
the east door, near the royal family’s vault. 
Sir George Nayler, Clarenceux King at 
Arms, has been appointed Garter, in the 

room 


1822.] 


room of the deceased; and Mr. Bignall, 
Norroy King at Arms, hasbeen promoted 
to Sir George Nayler’s: vacant office of 
Clarenceux. 

Lately, in Portland-place, 77, Sir Na- 
thaniel Conant, after'a short illness occa- 
sioned by aniaccidental fall. Sir Nathaniel 
was educated at Canterbury-school, and 
sometime a bookseller.) In 1781, he was 
placed in the commission of the peace for 
Middlesex; and, in 1792, he first suggested 
the establishment of the new police, and 
proved himself highly instrumental in ef- 
fecting that design. On this occasion, he 
was appointed magistrate at Marlborough- 
street-office, where he continued till 1813, 
when he became chief magistrate of Bow- 
street, and was knighted. In 1820 he re- 
signed that situation, on account of his de- 
clining health, since which, he had lived re- 
tired from active life, but had recently 
been convicted of a conspiracy to deprive 
a publican of his licence. 

In Hertford-street, May-fair, after a 
long illness, 78, the Dowager Countess Grey. 

In Lower Brook-street, 77, her Grace 
the Duchess of Grafton. 

At Streatham, the son of Mr. Bugby, 

“whose death was attended with the fol- 
lowing extraordinary circumstances :—A 
young man having hung himself, the 
boy was among the crowd of persons who 
went to the spot where the act was com- 
mitted;on his return home, his spirits 
were noticed to be unusually low. A short 
time after, on being missed by his playfel- 
lows, he was found hanging on the same 
tree whither he had been to witness the 
suicide on the same day. A coroner’s in- 
quest was held on the body, and a verdict 
returned—That the deceased had hung 
himself, not having arrived at the years of 
discretion. 

» In Fleet-street, 73, Rose, relict of the 
late Mr. Samuel Randall. 

At Ewell, 73, W. Broadbent, esq. 

At Collier’s Wood, 70, Wm, Merle, esq. 

At Bromley, 62, Charlotte, the wife of 
Samvel Welch, esq. 

At Charing Cross, 69, Mrs. Cowen. 

In Dublin, the Right Hon. and Right 
Rev. Charles Broderick, archbishup of 
Cashel, bishop of Emly, and primate of 
Munster. He was brother to Viscount 
Middleton, and was advanced to the see 
of Clonfert in 1795; and next year was 
translated to that of Kildare. In 1801 he 
was: elected archbishop of Cashel. He 
married a danghter of Dr. Woodward, 
bishop of Cloyne. 

Dr. Richard Beadon, bishop of Bath and 
Weils. Dr. Beadon was educated at Jesus 
College, Cambridge, of which college he 
became a fellow, aud rose to be master. 
The present Duke of Gloucester being 
sent to study at that college, was placed 
under the care of Dr. Beadou, who attended 
so closely to his pupil, that his conduct 


Deaths in and near: London. 


469 
procured him the favour of the late king. 
His first’ preferment of any importance 
was the archdeaconry of London. In 
1789 he was nominated to the see of Glou- 
cester, and in 1802 translated to that of 
Bath and Wells. | His lordship’s only pub- 
lication is a Fast-day Sermon preached 
before the House of Lords, in Westminster 
Abbey, April 19, 1792. 

In Hill-street, Berkeley-square, 68, the 
Right Honourable and Right Reverend Dr. 
Wm. Stewart, archbishop of Armagh, and 
primate of Ireland. He was the youngest 


_ son of Jolin Earl of Bute. Dr. Stewart was 


bred to the church, and entered early into 
holy orders, He was by his family interest 
collated to the living of Luton in Bedford- 
shire, where he continued many years, 
resided, and attended closely to the duties 
of his living, nor had he any other emolu- 
ment, except that of a canon of Windsor, 
although both his brother, the late Marquis 
of Bute, and he were in great favour with 
the king. However, on the translation of 
Dr. Horsley to the see of Rochester, Dr. 
Stewart succeeded him at St. David’s. 
He continued bishop of St. David's until 
the year 1800, when he accepted the arch- 
bishopric of Armagh. A residence in 
Ireland was far from being agreeable to 
him, yet he has given up mnch of his time 
to the duties of that see, and in that station 
acquired the esteem both of the clergy and 
laity of the bishopric. Dr. S. has not 
left behind him any work on literature, 
and it is said he never published a sermon. 
He interfered little in politics, but occa- 
sionally gave a vote on the popular side. 
He was a privy counsellor of Great Bri- 
tain, primate of the illustrious order of 
St. Patrick, and a trustee of the linen 
manufactory of Ireland. The death of his 
grace was occasioned by the following 
fatal mistake :—‘‘ His grace having taken 
some calomel which was inoperative, and 
occasioned much pain, a black or senna 
draught was prescribed for the purpose of 
giving immediate relief, |The prescription 
was sent to be prepared’ without delay, 
and as soon as it could be made up it was 
brought to the house, andia black draught 
was delivered into the bed-room. As no 
other draught was in thought or expecta- 
tion, and asa black draught was to be im- 
mediately taken, the draught, delivered as 
that prescribed, was immediately adminis- 
tered. It was scarcely swallowed, when 
it appeared that two phials had been deli- 
vered into tlie house from the apothecary’s 
at the same’ ‘moment, the one the pre- 
scribed medicine, the other a private order 
of a servant) to be used in an injection. 
The servant who received them at the door 
gave the medicine designed for the primate 
to his fellow-servant, and hastened eagerly 
up stairs with the other, a phial of lauda- 
num, omitting in his hurry to notice the 
fact of two phials having been received.” 
Lately, 


470 


Lately, in Tylney-street, May-fair, 70, 
Sir Henry Charles Englefield, bart. ¥.R.S. 
&c. a gentleman much distinguished for 
his philosophical, pursuits, and -his know- 
ledge of the fine arts. The family is of 
great antiquity, and derived its name from 
the village of Englefield, in Berkshire, 
The subject of this memoir was the eldest 
son of the late Sir Henry Englefield, and 
succeeded his father in 1780; but the title 
is now extinct, Sir Henry Englefield was 
an experienced chemist, a profound anti- 
quary, an able mathematician, and a 
finished classic. His critical taste was of 
the first order, and his interesting manners 
endeared him to the first circles, both as a 
scholar and a gentleman, He was elected 
Fellow of the Royal Society in 1778, and 
Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries in 
the: following year. Of this latter society 
he proved himself a valuable and efficient 
member; and his contributions to the 
Archeologia bear ample testimony to his 
high attainments in the study of antiqui- 
ties. He was some time vice-president, 
and afterwards president; but, haying 
been disappointed in his re-election, he 
retired from all active concern in the 
affairs of the society. Besides various 
papers, which have been inserted in the 
‘Transactions of the Royal Society, the 
Archeologia, and the Transactions of the 
Linnzanu Society, and several periodical 
journals, he has published, ‘* Tables of the 
apparent place of the Comet of 1661, 
whose return was expected in 1779, with 
a new Method of using the Reticule Rhom- 
boid,” 4to. 1788; “‘ Letter to the Author of 
the Review of the Case of the Protestant 
Dissenters,” 1790; “ On the Determina- 
tion of the Orbit of Comets, according to 
the Methods of Father Boscovich, and 
M. de la Place,” 8vo. 1792; and a “* Walk 
through Southampton, with Plates of its 
Antiquities,” 1801; and, lately, a splendid 
work, entitled “A Tour through the Isle 
of Wight, with Plates,” &c. Sir Henry 
died in his 70th year, His remains were 
removed from the metropolis to Englefield, 
where they were interred with great pomp 
in the ancient family vault. 

In Westininster, 56, Mr. Peter Finnerty, 
awriter and reporter ip the respectable em- 
ployment of the Morning Chronicle, the 
motley circumstances of whose history pro- 
cured him many friends and enemies. He 
was first brought before the public by the 
miscreants Concerned in an infamous pub- 
lication called The Satirist ; and, judging of 
him by his antagonists, we may fairly con- 
elude that he was an amiable and honour- 
able man. On another occasion Mr, F. 
suffered for freely exposing the adminis- 
tration of Lord Castlereagh in Ireland; and, 
in Lineoln gaol, experienced the tortures 
which clerical magistrates are capable of 
inflicting on the victims of their power, 
The treatment which Mr. F, experienced 

2 


Deaths in and near London. 


{June 1, 
on this occasion excited the sympathy and 
indignation of the country. At the same 
time it must not be dissembled, that during 
the time in which Mr. F. was an associate 
and very active.reporter for the press, un- 
warrautable liberties have oftem been 
taken with public proceedings, the public 
contidence grossly abused, and the efforts 
and useful ambition of many good men 
rendered unavailing. Whether Mr. F. 
was the agent of the Morning Chronicle 
who made it. subservient to his own pigues 
or policy, we know not, but that paper has 
suffered in its public.character for many 
years for its palpable sins of omission, and 
tor the parenthetical insinuations of some 
of its reporters, of whom Mr, F. was 
known to be the most active. Thusan 
able and eloquent speech, clearly the; best 
ata meeting, was often cut off with “ Dr. 
— spoke,” simply because some 
dislike existed in the mind of the reporter, 
and which he imparted. to bis brethren. 
We have not room for details, but this aud 
similar practices are notorious, aud; they 
have tended to bring, the newspaper-press 
into much discredit. . We cannot wonder 
that patriotism is baffled if the aseendancy 
of the press, its best bulwark, is constantly 
exerted against every new labourer. in 
the service of his country, andif we are to 
be served only by those who flatter, coax, 
or bribe, the reporters for the press. To 
what extent this bad spirit has operated, or 
how far Mr. F. may have been,a, party in 
fostering it, we do not affect to determine; 
but it is notorious that it has long existed, 
and has been of late years a growing evil; 
and, therefore, deserves to be thus noticed, 
that it may be corrected. Mr, Finnerty, 
was the son of a tradesman) of ‘Loughnea, 
in Galway. At an early age he) was. cast 
upon his fortunes in Dublin; and, having 
been brought up as a printer, in 1798,;he 
succeeded Mr. Arthur O'Connor as the 
printer of the celebrated) paper, “* The 
Press.” After a series\ of _ persecutions 
he removed to London, and entered into 
an engagement on the Press, as parlizmen- 
tary reporter, Having become acquainted 
with Sir Home Popham, when the expedi- 
tion Yo Walcheren took place, he sailed 
with Captain Bartholomew. from, Wool- 
wicn. for the purpose of writing the history 
of that expedition. Arstrange exercise of 
power, however, prevented. him carrymg 
that object into effect, and, after a delay 
of some weeks, he returned to England; 
and,.on being tried for a libel, »was. sen- 
tenced) to a long term of imprisonment. 
and imprisoned at Lincoln, 


ECCLESIASTICAL PROMOTIONS,’ 

Rev. Henry Brereton, to the Rectory of 
Hasslebury. 

Rev.. J. M. Glubb, to the perpetual 
curacy of Saint Petrox, Devon. 

Rev, A. F: Lloyd, to the rectory of 
Instow, Devon, 

Rey. 


1822.] Northumberland and Durham.— Cumberland & Westmoreland. 471 


Rev. J. Comins, to the vicarage of 
Hockworthy, Devon. 

Rev. Henry Law, to the rectory of St. 
Ann’s, Manchester. 

Rev. John Thomas, M.A. to the vicar- 
age of Great Burstead, Essex. 


The Rey. O. D. St. John, rector of 
Mottisfont, one of Earl Nelson’s domestic 
chaplains. 

Rev. S. Lee, m.a. of Queen’s College, 
Cambridge, appvinted chaplain of Cam- 
bridge gaol. 


PROVINCIAL OCCURRENCES, 
With all the Marriages and Deaths. 


a 


NORTHUMBERLAND AND DURHAM. 
GENERAL meeting of the nobility, 

‘gentry, and other inhabitants of the 
county of Durham was lately held in that 
city, and resolutions expressive of a strong 
conviction of “the saperior security af- 
forded by joint stock banking companies, 
and their more éxtensive influence in pro- 
moting the agricultural and commercial 
prosperity of a country,” were adopted. 
A committee was appointed for the pur- 

ose of promoting such establishments, 

e do not think, for our parts, how- 
ever, that such associations are calculated 
to improve the condition of the mass of 
the people, which is the present deside- 
ratum of Britain. 

The inhabitants of Sunderland lately 
agreed to petition the House of Commons 
for a revision of the criminal laws. 

Married.) The Rev. P. Penson, to Miss 
E. L. Barley, both of Durham.— Mr. J. 
Wigham, of Newcastle, to Miss M. Coxon, 
of Tynemouth.— Mr. B. Ord, to Miss A. S, 
Hindmarsh, of Newcastle—Mr. M. H. 
Levy, of Embden, to Miss C. Isaacs, of 
Newcastle.—Mr. ‘W. Fisher, of London, 
to Miss E. Moantain, of Newcastle.—Mr, 
G. Myers, to Miss Graham, both of Dar- 
lington.— Mr. J. C. Brumwell, to Miss E. 
Murray, both of Sunderland.—Mr. W. 
Burton, of North Shields, to Mrs, 
Hudspeth, of Tynemonth.—At Libberton 
Manse, J. Waldie, esq. to Miss J. 
Stevenson, of Gilmerton.—Mr. P. 
Michelson, to Miss H. Burn, both of 
Whitton.—At Felton, Mr. W. Redhead, 
to Miss J. Common.—Mr. A. Young, of 
Camphill, to Miss J. Bullock, of Short 
Muir.—Mr. R. Wood, of Ricklass, to Miss 
D. Beldon, of Wall.—Mr. Lamb, of Har- 
bottle, to Miss C. Dodd, of Blackaburn. 
—Mr. J. Mather, of Linton, to Miss 8, 
Coxon, of Stanton-Mill. 

Died.| At Neweastie, 52, Mr. T. Peel. 
—In the Old Flesh Market, 66, Mr. T. 
Hardy.—55, Mrs. A. Dodd, late of Sonth 
Shields.—Mr. W. Nichol.—In Percy- 
street, 48, Mrs. F. Gibson.—JIn the Castle 
Garth, Mr. M. Charlton, respected.—In 
the Westgate, 84, Mrs. J. Penman, 
greatly regretted. 

At Gateshead, Mrs. Stephenson.—41, 
Mr. W. Pybus,—At the Felling, 82, Mr. 
W. Reay, mnch respected, 

At Sunderland, 35, Mr. J. Cutter.—43, 
Mrs. Calvert.—61, Mrs, J. White. 


At North Shields, 57, Mr, R. Morlay,— 
In Milburn-place, 30, Mr. W. Moreland. 
—Mr. J. Richardson, much respected, 
—At an advanced age, Mr. ‘Thompson. 

At South Shields, 92, Mrs. Hutchinson. 
—82, Mrs, J. Major, greatly regretted. 

At Barnardcastle, 52, Mr. C. Baxter. 
—93, Mr. J. Hall.—67, Mr. W. Davis. 

At Bishopwearmouth, 24, Mrs, Hutch- 
inson.—72, Mr. M. Smeatham. 

At Darlington, 41, Mr. J. Hodgson.— 
27, Mr. J. Towers, of Richmond. 

At Hexham, Mrs. A. Charlton.—66, 
Miss Hewson. 

At Hebburn-hall, 18, Miss H. Forster. 
—At Houghton-le-Spring, 65, Mr. W. 
Davison, respected.—At Lartington, 55, 
Mrs. Binks.—At Blyth, Mr. H. Taylor, 
deservedly regretted.— At Somerston,. 
John Frankland, esq. formerly of Durham, 
—At Wickham, 62, Mrs. W. Watson.— 
At the Steel, near Ridley-hall, 68, Mr. T. 
Whitfield. 

CUMBERLAND AND WESTMORELAND, 

A petition to the Honse of Commons for. 
relief from taxation, and parliamentary 
reform, was lately agreed to; a petition, 
praying for amendment of the criminal 
cotle was also agreed upon, 

A numerons body of agriculturists. and 
owners of Westmoreland, lately agreed to 
petition the House of Commons for relief 
from taxation, and for protecting duties. 

Married.} Mr. J. Taylor, to Miss S, 
Aikin; Mr. J, Johnston, to Miss M. 
Connor; Mr. E,. Corran, to Miss J. 
M‘Kenzie; Mr. A., Hart, to Miss. J. 
Patterson; Mr, J. Taylor, to Miss.$. 
Aikin: all of Carlisle.—Mr. G. Saul, of 
Carlisle, to Miss L, Fearon, of Workington. 
—Mr. T, Carberry, to Mrs. A. Lowther ; 
Mr. T. Stephenson, to Mrs..D. Lupton: 
all of Whitehaven.—Mr. W. Wheelwright, 
of Maryport, to Miss, R. Smith, of Flimby. 
—Mr,. W. Hodgson, to Miss D, Collier, 
both of Wigton.—Mr. H..Holmes, to Miss 
Alcock, both of Keswick.—-Mr. J. 
Pattinson, to Miss N. Slack, both of 
Oulton.—Mr, T, Little Fisher, to Miss 
A. Dixon, both of Longtown.—Mr. J. 
Hewitson, to Miss J. Longister, both of 
Cumishitton, , ~ 

Died.] At Carlisle, 82, Mr, J. Jackson. 
—In Lowther-street, 31, Mr. J. Thwaites. 
—In Rickergate, 85, Mrs. J. Nicholson, 
much and deservedly regretted, —In Cal-. 
dewgate, 24, Mr. P. Barnes. 

At 


472 
At Whitehaven, 76, Mrs, M. Donaldson. 

—In New-Town, 64, Mr. J. Gilson.—Mr. 

Edward M‘Kie.—70, Mrs, Ponsonby. 

At Workington, 83, Mr. R. Jopson.— 
Mrs. E. Temple.—3%, Mr. J. Hill.—5y, 
Mr. D. Dickinson. 

At Appleby, the Rev. J. Walter, de- 
servedly esteemed and regretted. 

At Isell-hall, 18, Miss H. B. Wyberg. 
—At Usworth East-house, Mr. Dobson, 
deservedly regretted.— At Low House, 
near Carlisle, at an advanced age, Jolin 
Graham, esq. greatly respected.—At Bell 
Isle, the Rev. William Curwen, son of 
J. C. Curwen, esq. M.e.—At Woodhall, 
77, Ann Newley, one of the Society of 
Friends, regretted. 

; YORKSIIRE. 

The aggregate value of woollen manu- 
factures exported in the year ending Ja- 
nuary 5, 1822, to all parts of the world, 
was 7,395,1851, 12s. 7d. 

The city of York liberally subscribed, 
within the month, for the relief of the dis- 
tressed peasantry of the south of Ireland. 

Leeds and all the large towns in the 
kingdom have done the same. 

A meeting of the merchants and manu- 
facturers of Leeds and neighbourhood was 
lately held, the mayor in the chair, to con- 
sider of the most effectual means to obtain 
a repeal of the tax onforeign wool. After 

some discussion, it was unanimously re- 
solved to present a petition to the House 
of Commons, praying for its repeal. 

A petition, very numerously and re- 
spectably signed, by the mayor, corpo- 
ration, gentry, and clergy, of the town of 
Pontefract and neighbourhood, for a re- 
vision of the criminal code, has been lately 
presented to both Houses of Parliament. 

Married.| Mr. Flintoft, to Miss Hobson, 
both of York.—Mr. J. Hawes, to Miss 
E. Cobb, both of Hull.—Mr. England, of 
Holl, to Miss Taylor, of Withernwick, 
—Mr. T. Batho, to Mrs. E. Whitaker; Mr. 
J. Vevers, to Miss S. Lister; Mr. J. 
Britton, to Miss M. Foster; Mr. J. M. 
Hampshaw, to Miss A. Coates: all of 
Leeds.—Mr, R. C. Battye, of Leeds, to 
Miss M. Crosland, of Fenay.—Mr. James 
Webster, of Leeds, to Miss Grimston, of 
Knaresborough,—Mr. J. Hardy, of Ferry 
Fryston, to Mrs. Mitchell, of Wakefield. 
—Mr. Hodgson, to Miss Fairbank, both 
of Richmond.—Mr. W. Potter, to Miss 
Beckwith, both of Scarborough.— Mr. 
Wilkinson, of Sheffield, to Miss J. Hobson, 
of the Park.—Mr. James Parker, to Miss 
Sharp, both of Halifax.—Sir William A, 
Ingilby, bart. of Ripley-castle, to Miss 
Louisa Atkinson, of Maple Hayes.— 
Edmund Turton, esq. of Larpool-hall, to 
Miss Mariane Livesey, of Kildale.—Mr. 
E. Harrison, of Brighouse, to Miss S. A. 
Barstow, of Halifax.—Mr. W. Clough, of 
Harewood, -to Mrs. M. Blakelock, of 
Chapel Allerton—Mr. F. Forster, of 


Yorkshire.—Lancashire. 


[June 1, 


Horbury, to Miss Mitchell, of Wakefield. 
—Mr. R. Kidd, of Hawes, to Miss J. 
Metcalfe, of Keighley. —Mr. J. Burnett, 
of Husthwaite, to Miss A, Nicholson, of 
Wass. i 

Died.) AtYork, 38, Mr. James Sharpley, 
one of the common council for Walmgate 
Ward, much respected. —52, Mrs. Johuson. 

At Hall, 33, Mrs. J.. Wrigglesworth, 
much and deservedly respected.—65, Mr. 
J. Keighley, regretted.—66, Mr. R. 
Stainton.—64, John Beach, esq.. deser- 
vedly lamented.—28, Mr. G. Wardale. 

At Leeds, Mrs. M. Hodgson, regretted. 
—In Park-place, 28, Mrs. C. Upton, 
highly esteemed and Jamented,— Mr. 
Battye.—37, Mrs. Gibson. i 

At Doncaster, 64, in, South-parade, 
Mrs. Wilson.—35, Mrs. Moxon, ‘ 

At Whitby, Mr. Robert Wilson.—21, 
Mr. R. Brown. 

At Richmond, Mr. Bussey. 

At Settie, John Richardson, esq. 

At Malton, 53, Mr. E., Soulby.—At 
Pocklington, 31, Mr. R. Catton, jnn,— 
At Thirsk, 57, J. Bell, esq. deservedly 
lamented.—At Gomersall, 60, Benjamin 
Sykes, esq.—At Marton, 65, Mr, J. 
Denton.—At Sherburn, the Rev. J. Alien, 
master of the Free Grammar School,—At 
Great Preston, at an advanced age, Mr. 
Joseph Stevenson, greatly esteemed and 
regretted, ' 

LANCASHIRE. 

A melancholy accident lately occurred 
at Preston: four young gentiemen, viz. 
Master Charles and Master George 
Grimshaw, sons to N. Grimshaw, esq. 
mayor of the borough; Master Henry 
Halton, son to Henry Hulton, esq. county 
treasurer; and Master Joseph Kay, son 
of Mr. Kay, the proprietor of Knox Folly 
Cotton Mills, were plying their little boat 
on the river Ribble, near Penwortham 
bridge, when a sudden gust upset it, and 
they weye all drowned. 

On Thursday, the 23d, four gentlemen, 
John Gevard, esq. brother to Sir W. Ge- 
rard, bart. of Garswood, in this county ; the 
Rev. F. Crathorne, Catholic chaplain to 
Sir William, and Mr. Adamson, of Ashton- 
in-the- Willows, and his eldest son, went out 
ina pleasure boat, belonging to Mr.Gerard, 
with a fisherman, named John Jackson, to 
enjoy the diversion of fishing. Abouteight 
o’clock in the evening, the boat wasseen a 
considerable distance out at sea, and was 
shorily afterwards missed ; but no.one,ac- 
tually saw it upset. Next morning the 
dreadful tidings of their fate. were .an- 
nounced by two of the lifeless bodies, those 
ot Mr. Adamson, jun. and the fisherman, 
being washed on shore! Se 

Married.) Mr. S. Richards, to Miss E. 
Stevenson, both of Manchester.—Mr. R. 
Blindloss, jun. of Manchester, to Miss M. 
Tatham, of Hipping-hall.—Mr. J. Dodgson, 
to Miss A. Easton, both of Salford.—Mr. 

W. Jones, 


1822.] 
W. Jones, to Miss M. Poole; Mr. W. 
Johnstone, jun. to Miss J. Williams; Mr. 
©. Queen, to Miss E, Brownless, of Great 
Charlotte-street; Mr. J. Kendrick, to Miss 
B. Smith: all of Liverpool.—Mr. J. 
Bibby, of Liverpool, to Miss R. Gadsby, 
of Manchester—Mr. G. Blundell, of 
Liverpool, to Miss M. Lioyd, of Prescott. 
—Mr. C. Bradbury, of Oldham, to Miss 
Heywood, of Prestwich.—Mr. George 
Bardsley, of New Islington Cotton-Mills, 
to Miss M. Fielding, of Stayley Bridge. 
—Mr. T. Heyes, to Miss M. Webster, of 
Kirkby-hall.— Mr. T. Shaw, of Dale, 
to Miss A. Shaw, of Delph.— Mr. D. 
Speakman, of Hulme, to Miss L. Nash, of 
Newton,—Mr. G. Shaw, of Houghton, to 
Miss N. Ashworth, of Denton.—Mr. E. 
Howart, of Smedley, to Eliza, daughter of 
the late Captain W. Wallace, of the East 
India Company’s service. 

Died.| At Manchester, 66, Mrs. H. 
Bolton, greatly esteemed and regretted. 
—41, Mrs. Sophia Jones, justly lamented. 
—James Fawsitt, esq. captain in the 
twenty-first light-dragoons.—In Temple- 
street, Rusholm-road, 23, Mr. G. Taylor, 
deservedly esteemed and regretted. 

At Salford, on Broken Bank, 51, Mrs. 
S. Scholes, greatly regretted.—45, Mr. R, 
Sheldon —In the Crescent, Miss M. 
Watson Beever. 

At Liverpool, in Duke-strect, 63, Mrs. 
J. Anderson.—29, Mr. J. Davenport,—In 
Vernon-street, 41, Mrs. M. Blenney.— 
29, Mr. H. Peers.—63, Robert Clowes, 
esq.—At Old Dock, Mr. J. Robinson. 
—30, Mrs. A. Hall.—iIn Union-street, 91, 
Thomas Pickop, esq.—In Slater-street, 
68, Mr. R. Roper.—In_Lord-street, 
Messrs, Dodgson and Wilson, boot-makers; 
they were taken ill on the same day, and 
died after a week’s illness, nearly at the 
same moment.— 28, Mr. A. P. Blakemore. 
—In Castle-street, 62, Mrs. H. Powell. 
—In Hardman-strect, at an advanced age, 
Mrs. 8. M‘Morland. ‘ 

At Blackburn, 45, Mr. J. Houlker, 
much and justly respected. 

At Everton, 48, the Rev. Alfred 
Hadfield.—_At Yew-Tree Cottage, Eccles, 
45, James Adshead, esq. late captain of 
the twenty-second regiment of light dra- 
goons.—At Radcliffe, 28, Mr. J. Scholes, 
deservedly regretted.—At Aughton Moss, 
21, Mr, J. Dale. 

CHESNIRE. 

Agreeably to a requisition to the High 
Sheriff, Charles Wicksted, esq. a public 
meeting of the agriculturists of the county, 
and all persons connected with them, was 
lately held at Northwich, the High Sheriff 
in the chair, when a very energetic and 
comprehensive petition, which was op- 
posed only by a reverend gentleman, who it 
appeared acted it subservience to certain 
ministerialists, was agreed {o. 

A melancholy accident took place at 
MonTHLY Maé, No, 568, 


Cheshire.— Derbyshire.— Nottinghamshire. 


475 


the late Chester races. In running for 
Produce Stakes, Sir W. W. Wynn’s filly 
fell, and three other horses, following, fell 
over her. One of the jockeys, Dunn, was 
so much hurt that he died the next day. 

Married.| Mr. W. H. Haswell, to Miss 
Warburton, béth of Chester.—E. Oldham, 
esq. to Miss Lane, both of Stockport.— 
The Rev. _R. H. Gretton, rector of Nant- 
wich, to Miss F. Rennion, of Chorlton. 
—Mr. T. Goulbourne, of Northwich, to 
Miss E. Caldwell, of Shurbach.—Mr,. W. 
James, to Miss A. Bradshaw, both of 
Northwich.—Mr, G. Jones, of Farndon, 
to Miss Holt, of Holt.—Mr., Bate, to Mrs. 
Townsend, both of Malpas. 

Died.] At Chester, in St. Martin’s in. 
the Fields, 80, Mrs. Swanwick.—72, Mr. 
Hobson.—67, Mrs, Davenport. — Mr. 
James Jones, much esteemed and la- 
mented.—-Mr. Hudson, governor of the 
county goal, justly respected andregretted. 
—In Bank-place, at an advanced age, 
Mrs. Bill. 

At Macclesfield, 22, Mr. W. Broadhurst, 
jun. deservedly regretted.—- 78, Mrs. 
Johnson.—At Middlewich, Mr. Taylor. 

At Knutsford, 78, Mr. Barley, gene- 
rally respected. 

At Stoke Cottage, Richard Kent, esq. 
R N.—At Minshull, 76, Mrs. M. Martin, 
deservedly regretted,—At Churton-heath, 
83, Mrs. Colley—At Bickley, Mr. J. 
Shone, suddenly, regretted, 


DERBYSHIRE, ; 

Married.] Mr. Sampson, to Miss M, 
Carbledge, of Chesterfield.—Mr. P. Salt, 
of Lounsiey Green, toMiss M, A. Stanhope, 
of Chesterfield. —The Rev. J.S. Hine, of 
Wirksworth, to Miss Hornbuckle, of Not- 
tingham.—Mr, Parker, of Hault Hucknall, 
to Miss Marriott, of Stainsby. -— Mr. 
Turner, to Miss Drabble, both of Walton, 
—Mr. W, Smithard, of Repton, to Miss E,. 
Ratcliff, of Stanton by Bridge. ; 

Dicd.] At Derby, 50, Mrs. Shepherd, 
respected.— Mrs. Jones. 

At Chesterfield, 75, Mr. E. Wright, 
late of Bampton pottery.—80, Mrs. Bown, 
—Mrs. Foge.—Mrs. Fidler, 

At Denby, 61, Mr. J. Knighton.—At 
Bakewell, 63, Mr. J. Newton, regretted. 


NOTTINGHAMSHIRE. 

The Mayor and. Corporation of Not- 
tingham have lately unanimously voted 
the freedom of their city to Joseph Hume, 
esq. M.P. in testimony, of the gratitude and 
admiration with whieh they have viewed 
his indefatigable exertions in the cause 
of public retrenchment and. national 
economy. 

A “turn out” among the distressed 
frame-work knitters of Nottingham lately 
tuok place: in consequence of the dis- 
orders committed by them, the Watch 
and Ward Act was thought necessary to 
be put into force. 

30 Marricd.] 


474 

Married.] Mr..T. Goode, to Miss Blakey; 
Mr. G. Swanwick, of Kid-street, to Miss 
A, Shelton, of Plat-street; Mr. Parkinson, 
of Red Lion-street, to Mrs. S. Burton, of 
Knob-alley; Mr. T. Sandford, to Miss 
Cheetham; Mr. T. Peet, to Miss M. 
Botrows, of Wool-pack-lane; Mr. J. 
Gillman, to Miss E. Stacey; Mr. W. Wass, 
to Miss A. Robotham: all of Nottingham, 
—Mr. Harrison, of Long-row, Notiingham, 
to Miss S. Morley, of Radcliffe—Mr. R. 
Reviil, of Mansfield, to Miss S. Short, late 
of Mansfield Woodhouse.—At Woodbo- 
rough, Mr. J. Hind, to Miss S. Glover; 
Mr. S. Blighton, to Miss M. Wood.—Mr, 
Caunt, of Plunger, to Miss Hand, of Bark- 
ston.—Mr. Welch, to Miss Petty, both of 
Bingham. 

Died.] At Nottingham, on Park-hill, 47, 
Mrs. M. Dring.—In Marygate, 63, Mr. 
Dawson.—On Highpavement, 45, Mrs. 
Barker. — In  Balloon-court, 60, Mr. 
Jackson.—In Howard-street, 83, Mrs. F. 
Screeton.—In Lister-gate, 75, Mrs. M. 
Wigfield.—In Mount-street, 64, Mrs. 
Meadows,--In Lister-gate, 29, Miss M. 
Lawson.—A t Newark, 57, Mrs. S.Housley. 
—50, Mr. J. Holmes. —42, Mr. R. Pacey. 
—29, Mrs. T. Cheadle.—75, Mrs. E, 
Barnsdall,--22, Miss M. Harrison. 

At Lenton, Mr. W. Hopkin.—At New- 
stead, 73, Mr. W. Beardall, deservedly 
regretted.—At Clarborough, Mr. Richard 
Gauntley, much respected.—At East Ret- 
ford, Mr. W. Leadbeater.—At Tuxford, 
Mr. Carding, respected. 


LINCOLNSHIRE. 

Married.] Mr. D. Holmes, of Lincoln, 
to Miss E. Graby, of East Retford.—The 
Rev. T. F. Beckwith, of East Retford, to 
Miss Carter, of Lincoln. 

Died.] At Tydd St. Mary’s, Mr. W. 
Stranger, deservedly esteemed and re- 
gretted.—At Little Gonerby, 55, Mrs. 
Parkinson.—At Thurlby-hall, Sir Gonyille 
Bromhead, bart, 


LEICESTER AND RUTLAND. 


Sir Gerard Noel lately relinquished the 
command .of the Rutland yeomanry. In 


transmitting his. resignation to the Lord- 


Lieutenant, he assigned, among other 
reasons for so doing, the conduct of the 
present administration in confiscating so 
jarge a sum of the subjects’ money under 
the pretence of paying off the five per 
eeuts., the absence of all relief to the 
agricultural classes, and other examples 
of misgovernment; which were, in his 
judgment, calculated to exasperate the 
people, and lead to commotion. With 
such provocation, he added, that, under 
such circumstances, if times of trouble 
should arrive, he should not feel himself 
justified in drawing the sword against his 
countrymen. 

Married.| Mr, J. Knight, to Miss 
Findley; Mr, John Needham, to Miss S. 


Leicester and Rutland—Staffordshire— Warwickshire. 


[June ly 
Bankhart; Mr. W. Healey, to Miss Allsop: 
all of Leicester.—Mr. Gamble, of King- 
street, Leicester, to Miss Bennett, of 
Syston.—Mr. J. Dewhurst, of Leicester, 
to Miss S. Oldham, of Manchester.—S. 
Miles, esq. of Leicester, to Miss A. Dodd, 
of Cloverley-hall. 

Died.] At Leicester, on the London- 
road, 70; Mrs. Lee.—In Humberstone- 
road, Mrs. Coleman, widow of Henry C. 
esq. of Market Harborough. 

At Loughborough, 40, Mrs. W. Palmer, 
—Thomas Land, esq. 

At Hinckley, 33, Mr. Swain. 

At Market Harborough, Mrs. Ward. 

At Queensborough, Mr. G. Cowdell, late 
of Leicester —At Humberstone, 82, Robert 
Henton, esg.—At Loseby, Mr. J: Snow. 

STAFFORDSHIRE» 

The south-west districts of Stafford- 
shire have been in an unsettled state, the 
miners gencrally refusing to work for re- 
duced wages, and the masters persisting 
not to employ them at the old ones. Some 
riotous proceedings of the miners. were 
checked by the yeomanry and regulars, 
and the ringleaders sent to gaol. 

The inhabitants of Wolverhampton 
lately agreed to petition the House of 
Commons for a rejeal of the salt-tax. 

Married.| Mr. W. Dean, late of Wol- 
verhampton, to Miss Parkes, of Ashted.— 
Mr. Badger, of Walsall, to Miss Hincks, of 
Willenhall.— Mr. Knight, to Miss Johnson,- 
both of Tamworth.—At Radcliffe-upon- 
Trent, Mr. W. Haynes, to Miss E. Morley. 

Died.] At Litchfield, Mrs. S. Harris, 
deservedly lamented. ; 

At Wolverhampton, Mr, T, Bevan, 

At Tamworth, in George-street, Mrs, 
M. Dudley, deservedly regretted. 

At Longdon-green, Mrs. E. Webb.—At 
Wilnecote, 67, Mr. Jeflery Paul, highly 
and justly respected.—At the Vicarage, 
Seighford, Maria, wife of the Rey, T. W.. 
Richards, 

WARWICKSHIRE. 

A numerous body of occupiers of land 
in this county, lately agreed to petition 
the House of Commons for relief. 

Considerable: orders, say the  mnews- 
papers, have lately been received at Bir- 
mingham for Russia, 

Married.] Kelynge Greenway, esq. of 
Warwick, to Miss Letitia Durnford, of 
Dettisham.—Mr. T. Hidson, jun. of Caro- 
line-street, to Miss E, Pickering.—Mr. T. 
Evans, to Miss §, Atkins.—Mr. F. Geary, 
to Miss C. Price: all of Birmingham.— 
Mr. W. Cheshire, jun. of Birmingham, to 
Miss S. Selwood, of Cirencester.—Mr, A. 
Burbidge, of Birmingham, to Miss Winder, 
of Monument-lane.—Mr. Norris, of Bir- 
mingham, to Miss S. A. Sheard, of Oxford. 
—Mr. W. Turner, of Birmingham, to 
Miss Nunns, of Lancaster.—Mr: S. Pike, 
of Deritend, to Miss S. Felton, of Bordes- 
ley.—Mr. J. Corfield, of Deritend, to 
Miss 


1822.] 


Miss S. Swift, of Ipsley.—Mr. A. Everitt, 
jan. of Edgbaston, to Miss M. Cherry, of 
Birmingham.—Mr. W.. Baker, of Birming- 
ham, to Miss E. Sharman, of Leicester. 

Died.| At Birmingham, Mr. R. Lewis ; 
Mr. James Lewis, father and son.—Mrs. 
E. Lowe.—?24, Mr. Charles Marston. 
—In Little Hampfton-street, Mr. J. 
Guest, deservedly regretted.— 91, Mr. D. 
Blair.—In Lancaster-street, 57, Mrs. A. 
Banister.—At Camp-hill, Mr. J. J. Parker, 
—In Price-street,34, Mr. W. Mole, aftera 
long affliction, justly esteemed and la- 
mented.—In Great Charles street, 25, Mr. 
J. Clapperton. 

At Stratford-upon-Ayon, 32, Mr, W. 
Whale. 

At West Bromwich, 71, Mr. E. Ken- 
swrick, highly respected and regretted.— 
At Springfield:house, Elizabeth, wife of 
Joseph Boultbee, esq.—At Beckbury, the 
Rev. J. D. Hane.—At King’s Norton, Mr, 
J. Kimberley. 

SHROPSHIRE. 

~ Married.] Mr. Price, of Shrewsbury, to 
Miss H. Wycherley, of Albrighton.—Mr. 
J. Cooper, to Miss Causer, both of Shiffnal. 
—Mr. Evans, of Pool, to Miss Davies, of 
Oswestry.— Mr. George Davies, of Bridg- 
north, to Miss M. T. Penson, late of 
Lilleshall Abbey.—Mr. J. Broome, of 
Church Stretton, to Miss E, Langslow, of 
‘Woolston.—John Holland, esq. of Ight- 
field-hall, to Miss M. Weaver, of Saighton. 

Died.) At Shrewsbury, Mr. Charles 
‘Jones.—In Wyle Cop, 85, Mrs. Barnes.— 
Mr. Mealow.—In_ Claremont-buildings, 
Miss H. Wingfield.—Major Parry, of 
Maesmor, Denbighshire-—In Frankwell, 
Miss M. Harris. : 

At Whitchurch, Mr. J. Davies. 

-At Oswestry, 74, Mr. T. Wright, deser- 
vedly regretted. 

At Bridgnorth, 54, Mr. T. Devey.— At 
an advanced age, Mr. John Oakes, a senior 
alderman of that corporation. 

At Wem, 19; Mrs. ‘Lea. 

At Stapleton, Mrs. Corfield, deservedly 
Tamented.—At All Stretton, Miss J. Wild- 
ing.—At Roden, 53, Mr. Taylor, much re- 
spected. 

; WORCESTERSHIRE. . 

Married.) Mr. T. Maullin, of Dudley, to 
Miss E. Cooper, of London.—Mr. W. 
Hopkins, of Kidderminster, to Miss M. 
Grafton, near Stourbridge. 

Died.) At Worcester, 75, Mrs. Load- 
man, widow of Capt. L, R.N.—74, Mrs. 
Mary Strickland, 

HEREFORDSHIRE. : 

We copy the following extraordinary 
statement from the provincial papers, 
How dangerous must be the spirit of fana- 
ticism and intolerance when we see it so 
operative even among the members of a 
literary society, who onght to set an exam- 
ple of correct liberal feelings to the rest of 


Shropshire —Worcestershire— Herefordshire, &c. 


475 


the community. , It behoves the minority 
of the forty-two to rally the rest of the so- 
ciety, and rescue Hereford from the igno- 
miny of being considered by-all the civi- 
lized world as the Beotia of England. Do 
the bigots suppose the works ia question 
will be’ less read, less respected, or less 
purchased, owing to their contemptible 
malice? On the contrary, they will be 
souvht with additional zest, and will be 
considered of higher value in proportion to 
the low estimation in which they are held 
by the narrow-minded, and this they may 
learn at every bookseller’s shop in He- 
refordshiré. For our own parts, we 
never yet saw the Rev. Mr. Burdon’s 
Materials for Thinking, but we are now 
stimulated to look into it, and we have no 
doubt but this act of over-zeal will render 
new editions necessary, and cause it, when 
it was quite forgotten, to become one of 
the most popular books of its time. It is 
well known that the most-extensively read 
books in Austria are those whose importa- 
tion is prohibited by the Censors; and, 
what is more, that these agents of intoler- 
ance generally prohibit the very best 
books. Action and re-action are equal in 
the moral, as well as the physical world :— 
«¢ At the annual meeting of the subscribers 
to the permanent library, Hereford, it was 
proposed to destroy “ Burdon’s Matefials 
for Thinking,” and ‘ Hone’s Apocrypha of 
the New Testament,” on the ground of 
immoral and irreligious tendency ; which 
was carried almost unanimously, and the 
books were destroyed, It was next pro- 
posed to destroy the works of Gibbon and 


‘Bayle, and Hume’s Essays, whicly was’car- 


ried by a majority of eight! ‘The execu- 


‘tion of this sweeping sentence was-/however 


postponed sine die, on a motion of ‘the li- 
brarian to that effect. Of 133 subscribers 
to the library, about forty-two were 
present.” 3 

Married.) Mr. W. H. Parker, jun. to 
Miss A. Gethen, both of Hereford.—Mr. 
J. Andrews, of Hereford, to Miss A. 
Hodges.—Mr. W. H. Lewis, of Hereford, 
to Miss E. Williams, of Abergavenny. 
Mr. W. Phelps, of New Court, near Ross, 
to Miss S. Prosser, of Garway. 

Died.] At Hereford, Mrs. S, Colbatch, 
highly and justly esteemed. 

At Leominster, in Corn-street, at an 
advanced age, Mrs.’ Edwards, — 

At Ross, Mrs. Robinson, generally eé- 
teemed and regretted. 

At Hatfield, 81, Mr. J. Walker, much 
respected, 

GLOUCESTER AND MONMOUTH. 

Tlie distressed agriculturists of Glous 
cester lately agreed to petition the House 
of Commons for relief. 

The western part. of the county of 
Monmouth has been, thronghont the 
month, in an agitated state, from: numerous 
bodies of unemployed workmen parading 

about 


476 


about in every direction. Their employers 
and themselves were at utter variance with 
regard to prices of labour, neither party 
conceding any thing. 

Married,] Mr. Joseph Carter, of Glou- 
cester, to Miss M. Tombs, of Hucclecote. 
—Mr. J. P. Gough, of Dursley, to Miss E, 
Legge, of Gloucester.—Capt Tombs, to 
Miss Hale, of Frogmore-street.—Mr. R. 
Smart, to Miss P. Frew.—Mr. Bennett, 
to Miss Davis.—Mr. J. Lewis, to Miss E. 
‘Hooper : all of Bristol.—Mr. T. Davis, to 
Miss Hansby.—Mr. H. Wilson, to Miss 
M. Williams: all of Abergavenny.—The 
Rev. T. Hill, of Haydon Lodge, to Miss 
Hulls, of Corse.—At Stroud, Mr. T, 
Partridge, jun. to Miss M. Mills, of 
Hazle-house.—Jeremiah Hill, jun. esq. of 
Down-house, Westbury, to Miss I’, Daniel, 
of Bristol. 

Died.] At Gloucester, Mr. Hudson.— 
Mrs. Hewlett, deservedly regretted.—In 
Bolt-lane, 40, Mr. W. Binning.—In the 
College Green, 28, Mrs. Hester Gardner, 
highly esteemed and regretted. —30, Miss 
M. Elliott. 

At Bristol, in Castie-street, Mr. S. 
Taylor.—On Kingsdown. parade, Miss J. 
Dick, sister to Gen. D.—At an advanced 
age, Mr. J. Mullowney,—In the Horse- 
fair, 69, Mr. J. Nichols. 

At Cheltenham, 35, Mr. T. Dawes.— 
Miss Butlin, late of Tarville-park, Hen- 
ley.—Capt. Blake, R.N. 

At Cirencester, 23, Mr. W. Taylor.— 
Miss S. Exeter, of Cheltenham.—At 
Alkerton, 18, Miss F. Veel.—At Sandford, 
70, Mr. J. Bastin, much and justly re- 
spected.—At Boddington, Mrs, Long, re- 
gretted.—At Slimbridge, 56, Mr. B. 
Frankis, justly lamented.—At Winter- 
bourne, Mary, wife of the Rev. J, R, 
senior, highly esteemed, 

OXFORDSHIRE. 

The agriculturists of this county lately 
forwarded a petition to the House of Com- 
mons, praying for relief, 

Murried.}] Mr. Goundrey, to Miss E. 
Sheldon, both of Oxford.—The Rev. Jen- 
kin Thomas, of Oxford, to Miss M. H, 
Tombes, of Quenington.—Mr. J, Cooke, 
of St. Giles’s, Oxford, to Miss C. Fox, of 
Cirencester.—-The Rev, J. Gilbert, A.M. of 
Brazennose:college, Oxford, to Miss A. A. 
Quartley, of Wolverton.—Mr. A. Ayres, 
of Ensham, to Miss M. A. Keadle, of St. 
Giles’s, Oxford. 

Died.| At Oxford, in St. Peter’s-in-the- 
East, 40, Mr. W. Scott.—In the Corn- 
market, 62, Mr. E. Tredwell, deservedly 
regretted.—In St. Giles’s, 59, Mrs. F. 
Aplin.—In Magdalen-parish, 40, Mrs. T. 
Rogers.—35, Mr. R. Harpuy.—84, Mr. T. 
Foster.—In St. Aldate’s, 85, Mr. Saunders, 
—In St. Ebbe’s, 75, Mr. Lane.—In St. 
Aldate’s, 40, Mr. R, Pratt. 

At Thame, 76, Mis, E. Stone, deser- 
vedly regretted, 


Oxfordshire—Buckinghamshire and Berkshire, §c. (June 1, 


At Marston, 36, Mr. R. Coppock.—At 
Ewelme, 48, Mr. E. Leaver—At Long 
Crendon, 78, Mr. R. Creok. 

BUCKINGHAMSHIRE AND BERKSHIRE. 

The farmers of Berkshire are peculiarly 
distressed: causes of their depression were 
exhibited. at the late Abingdon fair, 
Twenty ewes and twenty lambs sold. for 
91. A lot of lambs purchased at the Jast 
Michaelmas fair at 13s. per head, after 
being kept till the present time, brought 
only 12s. 6d. per head. 

Married.] Mr, Richardson, to Miss. S. 
Woodward, both of Windsor.—fhomas 
Markham Wells Greenwood, esq..of Stone- 
hall, Wallingford, to Miss M. Minshull, of 
Cholsey.—John Harris Freeman, esq. of 
Barton House, to Miss Gethyn, of Witney. 
—The Rev. Edward Burges, of South More- 
ton, to Miss A. Ward, of Bruton, 

Died.] At Aylesbury, Mr. Russell. 

At Windsor, in Park-street, 76, Mrs, 
Anne Clarke, deservedly lamented. 

At Eton, 70, Mr. James Stocker.—83, 
Mr, W. Bristow.—At Eton-Wick, Mrs, 
Hamilton. 

At Langley, Miss E. Swabey. - 
HERTFORDSHIRE AND BEDFORDSHIRE. 

Married.) Mr, J. Hancock, of Hertford, 
to Miss E. Phillips, of Hertingfordbury.— 
Mr. N. Hanmer, of St. Albans, to Miss 
Barton, of Two Waters. 

Died.] At Bedford, the Rey. I, An- 
thony, deservedly lamented. 

At Hertford, Miss Austen, highly 
esteemed and regretted.—Mrs. M. Ram- 
sey.—Mr, Jas. Flack. 

At East Barnett, J. C. Green, esq. late 
of Westminster. 

At St. Albans, Mrs, Causton,—Mr, Jas. 
Barnett. 
NORTHAMPTONSHIRE. 

Married.} William Lawrance, esq. of 
Peterborough, to Miss H. Bringhurst, of 
Woodstone.—The Rev. J. Middleton, of 
Irchester, to Miss M, Warre, of Tiverton. 
—The Rev. E. B. Lye, M.A. vicar. of 
Raunds, to Miss 8. Whittaker, of Bratton. 

Died.] The Rev. E, Hunt, rector of 
Benefield and Stoke. 

CAMBRIDGE AND HUNTINGDONSHIRE. 

A public meeting was lately held of the 
land-owners, occupiers, and others, of 
Cambridgshire, on their general distress, 
A petition to the House of Commons was 
agreed upon; in their petition they stated 
no relief could be effectual unless ordered 
by a reformed parliament. 

Married.] The Rev. J. Standly, of Caius 
College, Cambridge, to Miss F, Brigstorke, 
of Blaenport.—Mr. Waller, to Miss Duck~ 
ley, both of Newmarket.—Mr. W. Smith, 
of March, to Miss E. Judd, of Wisbech,— 
Mr. F. Sanders, of Benwick, to Miss E, 
Gurling, late of Cambridge. 

Died.] At Cambridge, 42, Mr. T. Hills. 
—Mr. Mole.—On Pembroke-terrace, 26, 
Miss H. Hopkins. A 

t 


1822,} 


At Huntingdon, 52, Mr. T. Ekin. 
: At Newmarket, Mrs. Smith, of Mill- 
ill. 
At Ramsey, Mr. H,. Martin, much re- 
spected.—At Knapwell, 82, Mr. J. Smith. 


NORFOLK. 

At the late Norfolk Quarter Sessions, 
held at Norwich, the Court came to a most 
important decision on the Poor Laws, on 
an appeal by the Rev. Dr. Bulwer, Rector 
of Cawston, against the poor rates for that 
parish. The Doctor had been rated 5501. 
for/his tithes, against which he appealed, 
upon the ground that it exceeded a fourth 
of the assessment upon the titheable pro- 
perty in the parish, which he contended 
was the proportion at which tithes should 
be assessed to the poor rate. The Court 
dismissed the appeal, and were unanimously 
of opinion, that there was no rule in law 
for fixing a proportional assessment on 
tithes compared with land, and that the 
only principle was to assess all real pro- 
perty according to the productive value or 
profit which it yielded. 

Married.] Mr, Gidney, to Miss Bishop ; 
Mr. J. Purland, to Miss M. Gadges; Mr. 
Fenn, to Miss Ransom: all of Norwich.— 
Mr. H. Bassett, of Norwich, to Miss J. 
Barker, of Swanton Morley.—Mr. W. 
Mountjoy, of Yarmouth, to Miss E, Barch- 
am, of Gorleston —Mr. W. O. Turley, to 
Miss H. Crabtree, of Yarniouth.—Mr. J. 
Scrivener, of Diss, to Miss Gobbett, of 
Scole.—Mr. J Youngman, of North Wal- 
sham, to Miss E. Gedge, of Honing. 

Died.] At Norwich, in St. John’s Sepul- 
ehre, 33, Mr. Jas. Chase, regretted.—In 
St. Stephen’s, 65, Mr. Adams, deservedly 
regretted.—In St. Peter’s Mancroft, 22, 
Miss S. A. Watling. 

At Yarmouth, 88, Robert Yems, esq.— 
71, Mr, M. Frosdick.—39, Mrs. M. Giles. 
—59, Mr. T. Bittnn.—53, Mrs. J. Hovell. 

At Lynn, 82, Jobn Marshall, esq. m.v. 

At Watton, 75, Mrs. Lake, deservedly 
lamented. —At Swattham, 24, Mrs, A. 
Alpe, highly esteemed and regretted.—At 
Weaseuham, 82, the Rev. Chas. Campbell. 


SUFFOLK. 
Several hundreds of this populous county 
lately assembled to petition Parliament 
for relief from agricultural distress. The 
following were amony the excellent reso- 
intions that were agreed to at the meeting 
of the hundreds of Thingoe and Thed- 
wastre, J. Grigby, esq. in the chair:— _ 
“ That this meeting is of opinion that the 
cultivation of all the poorer soils in the 
kingdom must speedily cease, unless the 
charges upon the growth of corn can be 
maferially reduced, leaving the whole of 
the population which has grown up upon 
these poorer soils, as well as a large pro- 
ppeson of the agricultural population in 
he better districts, entirely unemployed, 
and plotting in mischievous idleness to 


Norfolk—Suffolk —Essex. 


AUT 
burn and destroy the property of those 


who, in more prosperous circumstances, 


would gladly find them employment and 
comfortable subsistence, 

“ That this meeting does not presume 
to dictate to the legislature the means 
which it would be the most wise and ex- 
pedient to adopt, in order to meet. the 
present alarming exigence; but begs re- 
spectfully to suggest that the repeal of the 
remaining duty on malt, the taxes on lea- 
ther, salt, and some others which press 
with peculiar hardship upon agriculture ; 
aud an improvement in the system of 
licencing public houses, would be produe- 
tive of essential benefit to the farming 
interest. 

‘“ That this meeting, without being dis- 
posed to aggravated representation, states 
as its decided opinion that relief to be 
effectual must be immediate, as ruin, the 
most total and overwhelming, has long 
since began its ravages, and will proceed 
with increased rapidity, till it has erushed 
in Succession the tenantry, yeomanry, cler- 
gy, and land-owners, of this once-happy 
and flourishing country. 

Married.) Mr. R. Ramplin, of Ipswich, 
to Miss M. Dolby, of Yoxford.—Mr. Jo- 
seph H. Farrand, of Sudbury, to Mrs, M, 
A. Barrett, of Chelmsford, both of the 
Society of Friends.—Mr. W. Wolton, of 
Hollesley, to Miss M. A. Wigg, of Hinton. 
—Mr. S. Oliver, to Mrs. A. Porter, of 
Sudbury.—Mr. J. Peachey, of Barrow, to 
Miss M. Jannison, of Little Saxham.—Mr, 
J.R. Gordon, of Great Snoring, to Miss 
C. Boyden, of North Cove. 

Died.] At Bury, 76, Mrs. Bennett, wi- 
dow of Philip B. esq. of Widcombe.—82, 
Mr. M. Martin.—30, Mis. Cooper.—70, 
Mr. Robert Pawsey. 

At Ipswich, 45, Mrs. Pratt.— Miss 
Evans.—24, Mrs. J. Lloyd.--Mrs. Nunn. 
—73, Mr. W. Cole, late of Charsfield-hall. 

At Woodbridge, 45, Mr. D. Freeman.— 
80, Mrs. Scroggins.— 30, Mr. J. Knappett. 

At Brandon, 42, Mr. E. Ellington, sud- 
denly, much respected. 

At Cratfield, Mr, Josh. Moore.—At 
Fressingfield, 78, Mr- R. Nolloth: 86, Mr, 
T. Meen.—At Hoxne, 86, Mrs. J. Poppy. 

ESSEX. 

A county meeting was lately held at 
Chelmsford, the. High Sheriff ia the chair, 
to take into, consideration the distressed 
state of the agriculturists, The meeting 
was held in the area before the Hall, on 
account of the great number of persons 
assembled. Several able resolutions were 
proposed by Sir T. B, Lennard, stating 
the difficulties under which the agricultu- 
ral classes were labouing. They also 
alleged that no reduction in rent could 
compensate between the receipts of a 
farm and the variousexpenses, and strongly 
urged the necessity of a great reduction of 
the taxes, and also intimated that. the 

public 


478 


public creditor was reaping an undue ad- 
wantage from the present state of the cur- 
rency, to which the resolutions attributed 
a great part of the present depreciated 
state of agricultural produce. Mr. Disney 
and Mr. Western, m.P. spoke in favour of 
the resolutions, which were almost unani- 
mously agreed to. 

Married.] ‘Vhe Rev. W. Walford, rector 
of St. Runwald’s, Colchester, to Miss M. 
A. Hutton, of Beaumont.—Mr. G. Whin- 
cup, of Burnham, to Miss Garrett, of 
Halesworth.—Mr. P, Cantano, of Balling- 
don, to Miss R, Rampling, of Bury St. 
Edmund’s.—Mr. Littlewood, of Bright- 
lingsea, to Mrs. Warner, of Dedham. 

Died.] At Colchester, Mr. W. Burnham, 
deservedly regretted.— Mrs. Steevens, wi- 
dow of the Rev. 1. S.—Mrs. Lee.—C. L, 
Spitta, esq. 

At Shortgrove-hall, Joseph Smith, esq. 
many years private secretary to the late 
Mr. Pitt.—At Great Baddow, S. C. Carne, 
esq. lieut.-col. of the East Essex militia — 
At Smyth’s-farm, Great Dunmow, Mr. 
Barnard,— At Springfield, Mr. R. Coates, 
highly respected. 

KENT. 

At the late settlement of the accounts 
of St. Mary’s parish, Sandwich, it was 
agreed that there should be no feasting at 
the parish expense. A worthy example! 

Married.] Mr. Churehill, to Miss Cul- 
ling; Mr. J. Weakly, to Miss Gray; Mr. 
J. Jacobs, to Miss E. Barnard: all of 
Canterbury.—E, Collard, esq. of Herne, 
to Miss Finnis, of Dover.—Mr. Jordan, of 
Deal, to Mrs. Gosby, of Wingham.—Mr. 
‘W. Hopkins, of Chatham, to Miss Lepper, 
of Wye.—Mir. T. Golder, to Miss 8S. Car- 
ter; Mr. G. Stoneliam, to Miss 8, Tolputt: 
all of Folkestone.—Capt. A. Hooper, to 
Miss M. Claris, both of Ramsgate. 

Died.] At Canterbury, 22, Mr. E. 
Clarke.—28, Mr. G. Delmar.—49, Mrs. 
E. Halsey. 

At Chatham, 50, Mr. W. Horton.—Mrs. 
Dobson, wife of Dr. D. M.p.—d5, Mrs. 
Shickell. 

At Deal, 71, Mrs. Brown.—72, Mrs. 
Burton, widow of John B. esq. of Chatham 
Doek-yard —79, Mr. T. Read. ; 

_ At Wolkestone, 90, Mr, Jas. Hobday.— 
23, Mr. J. Harden. 

At Ashford, Miss E, Parkes —At an ad- 
vanced age, Mrs, Broday. 

At Alkham, 80, Mrs. H. Hatton.—At 
Lydd, 85, Mr. W. Haisell. 

SUSSEX. 

In the House of Commons, fately, 
Mr. Curteis, in presenting a petition from 
the hop-planters of the county of Sussex, 
complaining of the high duties levied upon 
that article, made some remarks upon the 
distress which prevailed in that county, 
and referred to two letters he had received, 
in which it was stated that in one parish 
there were-thirty farms thrown into the 

1 


Kent —Sussexr—Hampshire—Wiltshire—Somersetshire. [June 1, 


landlords’ hands; and that, so exasperated 
were the people by the pressure of the 
poor-rates, that the Select Vestry would 
not go to the church, through fear of be- 
ing stoned; that in another parish, where 
all the inhabitants were but 2000, one 
thonsand were chargeable. 

Married.) Mr. W. Rawlins, to Mrs. 
Andrews, both of Chichester.—Mr. Mar- 
shall, of Woolavington, to Miss S. Duffell, 
of Duncton, 

Died.] At Chichester, in North-street, 
83, Mrs. A. Fathers.—102, Dir. W. Brewer. 
—30, Mr. W. Wells, jun. 

At Brighton, Mr, E. Palmer.—On the 
Grand Parade, Mrs. Blount. 

At Worthing, Mrs. Stubbs. 

At Arundel, 45, Mr, Ibbetson.— Mr. 
Bartholomew, jun. 

HAMPSHIRE: . 

Petitions from several places in this 
county, complaining of agricultural distress, 
aided, as stated, by the sudden change to 
the metallic currency, has been presented 
to the House of Commons. 

Marvied.] Mr. Wren, jun. of Southamp- 
ton, to Miss Langford, of Exbury-farm.— 
Mr. Northover, to Miss Earle; Mr. D. 
Deaker, to Miss E, Brown: all of Win- 
chester.—Mr. Knight, of Romsey, to Mrs. 
Allsop, of Winchester.—Mr. Mackenzie, 
of Portsea, to Miss Curtis, of Mile-end. 

Diced.] At Southampton, 28, Mrs, FE. 
Moss.—Major-gen. Maddox -Richardson, 
governor of North Yarmouth, deservedly 
lamented. 

At Winchester, in Little Minster-street, 
75, Mrs, Arlett.—76, Mrs. S. Watson, of 
Chertry-lane end. 

At Portsea, Mr. T. Whitewood, greatly 
regretted.—Mrs. Penney, late of Ham- 
bledon. 

At Millbrook, Henry Sellick, esq.—At 
Northam, Capt. J. G. Blackman. 

WILTSHIRE. 

The inhabitants of Salisbury lately 
agreed to petition Parliament for amelio- 
ration of the criminal code. 

Married.| Mr. R. Strange, of Devizes, 
to Miss M. Clarke, of Streatley.—Mr. 
Heard, of Devizes, to Miss C. Kemp, of 
Fxeter.—Mr. W. Hibberd, to Miss J. 
Cripps, both of Swindon. 

Died.j At Salisbury, 78, Anne Maria, 
widow. of the Rev. E, Campbell, of 
Cricklade. 

At Trowbiidge, 72, Mrs. Barrow, 

At Devizes, Mr. F. Britain. 

At Corsham, Mr. R. Coats. —At Over- 
ton, 64, Mrs. Russ, regretted. 

SOMERSETSHIRE, 

The agriculturists of this county lately 
agreed to petition Parliament for relief. 
In their petition they stated, that they 
had paid strict attention to the various 
resolutions laid before Parliament, with 
respect to the agricultural interest, and 
they were convinced that such measures as 

those 


1822.] Dorsetshire— Devonshire—Cormwall —Wules— Scotland. 


those proposed upon the Corn Laws were 
not likely to be attended with any relief 
whatever. 

Petitions to Parliament were lately 
agreed upon at Bath for taxing absentees. 

Marvied.] Mr, Fasauor, of Milsom street, 
to Miss C. Forster, of Bridge-street; Mr. 
Withers, to Miss M, Beck, both of the 
Abbey Church-yard: all of Bath.—Mr. 
R. Redman, of Bath, to Miss Stocker, of 
Chewton.—Mr. Joseph, of Milsom-street, 
Bath, to Miss A, Cole, of Tiverton.—Mr. 
T. Bauce, to Miss E. Goss, both of Frome. 
—Mr. Jas. Longman, of Wincanton, to 
Miss M. Hine. 

Died.| At Bath, in New King-street, 
Mrs. Elyott, widow of the Rev. Edmund 
E. rector of Litchfield.—56, Elizabeth, 
wile of Robert Scott, esq. of Pensford.— 
¥n Morford-street, suddenly, Mrs. Varley. 
—66, Mrs. Susanna Naish, a member of 
the Society of Friends.—In Devorshire- 
buildings, 22, Frances, daughter of Capt. 
Williams, r.N.—On Sydney-parade, Mrs, 
J. Racker. 

At Bridgwater, Mrs. E. S. Poole.—75, 
Mr. Lementon.—75, Hill Dawe, esq.— 
76, Thomas Symes, esq. 

At Beaminster, 62, Samuel Cox, esq. 

DORSETSHIRE. 

Married.] Mr. R. Snook, of Dorchester, 
to Miss Sheppard, of Castle Cary —Mr. 
Read, of Portland, to Miss E. Stordley, of 
Bridport.—Mr. J. Bartlett, of Marnhuil, 
to Miss S. Downe, of Sturminster. 

Died.] At Bridport, 50, Mrs, E.. Ken- 
way.—50, Mrs. Mellman. 

At Portisham, 49, John Hardy, esq. 

DEVONSHIRE, 

A flour-mill, upon anew construction, 
has lately been erected, on the leat near 
the Exeter Quay, by Mr. Abraham Ri- 
chardson, of that city, which, for beauty 
and strength, it is said, surpasses any other 
in the west of England, The principal 
wheel is twelve feet in diameter, which, 
together with the fall underneath it, and 
all the other wheels and shafts, is com- 
posed of cast-iron, weighing upwards of 
six tons, and is capable of working four 
pair of stones even at high water, when no 
other mill on the leat can work. 

Married.) Mr. D. Rew, to Miss J. 
Piper ; Mr. T. Gould, to Miss Searle; Mr. 
8.Glenn, to Miss A. Samson; Mr. T. Sal- 
ter, to Miss S. Bowden; Mr. J. Foster, to 
Miss Salter: all of Exeter.—E., Sole, esq. 
to Miss M. Liscombe, both of Plymouth. 
—Mr. Robt. Besley, jun. of Plymouth, to 
Miss ‘Tom, of Wadebridge.—Mr. E. Steed, 
of Stoke, to Mrs. Spur, of Plymouth.— 
The Rev. J. Kelly, of Ashburton, to Miss 
M. A.. Butler, of Teignmouth. 

Died.| At Exeter, 81, Mr. R. Aunzer. 
~—In St. Sidwell’s, 70, Mrs. M. Binford.— 
Miss E. Cleife, deservedly lamented.—On 
St. David’s-hill, 76, Mr. W. Hicks.—In 
Longbrook-street, Mrs, J. Taylor. 


479° 

At*Plymonth, in Duke-street, 74, Mr-: 
Trevenna, deservedly regretted. 

At Tiverton, 69, Mrs. Gloins. 

At Teignmouth, 51, Mrs. A, Bartlett. 

At Rose-Ash, 63, the Rev. John South. 
comb.—At Chagford, 50, Kirs TP. L. Pan- 
nell, highly and deservedly respected and 
lamented.—At Little Cleeve, 22, David 
Griffin, esq. of Southwark, 

CORNWALL. : 

Married.} At Bodmin, Francis Yard 
Gilbert, esq. to Mrs. E. Burrows.—Mr. 
R. Te!lum, of Withiel, to Miss M. Vercoe, 
of Bodmir.—Mr. Dingle, to Miss Hoskin, 
both of Launceston.—P. Ball, esq. of Me- 
vagissey, to Miss Clapham, of Madron. 

Died.] At Falmouth, Capt. Gibbon, 
late commander of the Louisa packet. : 

At Penzance, 63, Mr. Charles Paynter. 
—72, Mr. J. Bryant.—19, Miss Everilda 
Williams, late of Perridge-house. 

At Bell, im Gwennap, 39, Capt. W. 
Tregoning.—At Boquio Wendron, Mr. J. 
Hill.—At Helston, 67, Mr. Lane. 

WALEs. 

Marvied.] E, Rees, esq. of Towyn, to 
Miss Williams, of Moreb.—John Mytton, 
esq. of- Penylan, Montgomeryshire, to 
Miss B.C, Brown, of Myfod.—The Rev. 
D. Jones, m A. of St. Martin’s-chapel, 
near Caerphilly, to Miss A. Oatridge.— 
At Llanbadarn-fawr, Cardiganshire, — 
Frenze, esq. to Miss Griffiths, of Aberyst- 
with, 

Died.] At Swansea, 82, Mr. F. Bowen. 
-—18, Miss Mary Strutt.—At Mount Plea- 
sant, Mary Anne, wife of T. E. Thomas,’ 
esq.—42, Mrs. Bowen.—On_ Nelson-ter-: 
race, Mrs. Anne Marie Ince.—50; Mr. T. 
Jenkins, part proprietor, able editor, and 
printer, of the Cambrian, (Swansea. paper,) 
siice its commencement. In private life 
he was much esteemed, and his loss will 
be long lamented by his family and friends. 

At Beaumaris, ¥4, Mr. W. Redding, 

At Aberystwith, 72, Mrs. Jones. 

At Brecon, Mrs. Price. 

At Lowmead, Carmarthenshire, 93, the 
Rey. David Edmond, vicar of St. Clear.— 
At Upper-lodge, Abergwilly, 52, Mr. Tho. 
Thomas.—At Peterstone-court, Brecon> 
shire, T. H. Powell, esq.—At New Park, - 
near Pyle, 62, Richard Llewellyn, esq.: 

SCOTLAND. 

A statue to the memory of Robert 
Burns, the poet, to be executed by Flax- 
man, is about to be erected in the New 
Town, Edinburgh. The poet is repre-- 
sented in his native costume, in the atti- 
tude of contemplative reflection: in his 
right hand is placed the mountain daisy, 
emblematical of one of his’ sweetest 
peems: in his left he holds a roll, on 
which are engraved the words, ‘Colter’s 
Saturday Night, a poem equally remark- 
able for its genuine piety and poetical 
simplicity. 

‘The emigration from Ireland to Seot- 
land 


480 


land has been considerable; upwards of 
150 were landed at Ayr in the course of 
four days at the beginning of the month. 

Married.| Mv. W. B, Mofiatt, of Edin- 
Lurgh, to Miss Clementson, of White- 
haven.—W. Lockkart, esq. of Germiston, 
Lanarkshire, to Miss Mary Jane Palliser, 
of Barnyforth, Wexford. 

Died] At Kirkeudbright, A. T. Mure, 
esq.—Catharine Rose Ann Hutchinson, 
wife of R. Gordon, esq. of Langlanglee. 

. IRELAND, 

The accounts of the peasantry of the 
south within the month have been appal- 
ling. Misery in every form has shown it- 
self; and the vonsequences have been 
wide-spreading typhus, and death in the 
most hideous shapes. In several towns 
‘ and villages the more respectable have 
been seen standing idle in the public 
streets, having nothing to do; and their 
dependants, and the peasantry, leaning 
against the walls, utterly incapable of up- 
right, independant posture. The cabins 
have presented pictures that have har- 


hreland, &c. 


[June Iz 


rowed the soul of the beholders, It has 
been clearly proved that opinions of theit 
government have had little to do with the 
late impetuous and often sanguinary move- 
ments. Hunger and starvation have been 
proved the propellingcauses. The generous 
benevolence of England has reached them 
most seasonably, and will no doubt en- 
gender those sentiments of attachment 
which 600 years of misgovernment has 
never been able to procure, The sub- 
scriptions are almost unprecedented, and 
exceed 100,0001. to the great credit of 
public feeling in both countries, 

Married.] Sir Thomas Whelan, of Dub- 
lin, to Miss Alicia Egan, of Ussage-lionse, 
Herts——R. Handcock, jun. esq. to Miss 
M. Harris, of Dublin.—'The Rev. W. Lid- 
diard, rector of Knockmack, county of 
Meath, to Miss Mary Anne Morin, of 
Weedon-lodge, Bucks. 

Died.| At Dublin, Mrs. Westenra, mo- 
ther of Lord Rossmore. 

At Edgeworthstown, Mrs. Charlotte 
Sneyd, late of Litchfield. 


TO CORRESPONDENTS. 


We beg leave to suggest to COUNTRY BookseEteRrs the propriety of their avail- 
tng themselves of this leisure season to form NEW Book-Cuuss and Literary So- 
cieTies. The increase of such Institutions depends entirely on their exertions and 
intelligence; and, if they do their duty, we may live to see the day when nearly every 
Parish in the Kingdom will contain at least one Association for the purchase of 
Books, and when the Monthly Magazine will be circulated in nine out of ten of 
them. We have only to desire the ascendancy of manly intellect, and a love of useful 
knowledge, over the mischievous spirit of mental servility, and a mawhkish taste for” 
typographical syllabub, to be assured of a preference in every association of honest 
men. It is at the same time due to ourselves and honourable to the country to state, 
that this Miscellany is constantly increasing in circulation, while an expenditure of . 
from 1 to 2001. per month in advertizing certain works has not hept them from 

gradually and even rapidly sinking. The overflow of our drawers, and the richness 
* of our pages, prove the estimation in which this Miscellany continues to be held. The 
times favour our policy of being at once the CHEAPEST as well as the BEST,—for 
these qualities are reciprocal causes and consequences. Quality in a Magazine de- 
pends on the extensive union of intellect, and this is a result of extensive circulation ; 
while a large sale justifies small profits, and this of itself is a ground of further 
preference. 

Persons who have been anxious to possess superior impressions of our views of the 
Houses of the Poets and Philosophers, are informed that a few copies of the EIGHT 
first, making a sheet, may now be had at 2s. and every succeeding eight will be pre- 
pared in like manner. 

A Correspondent informs us that thirteen stanzas of Waterson’s “Ode on Man,” 
Dec. 1821, are nearly the same as an Ode by Dr. Darwin, also published in this 
Miscellany, June 1802.— We understand that Sir John Sylvester's grandfather was - 
a French refugee after the edict of Nantes, but he himself married the widow and 
daughter of a Portuguese Jew, and hence an erroneous notion about his own parents. 
Leman Thomas Rede asserts that he used to call the Old Bailey Calendar his “ Biil 


of Fare.” —Several Correspondents are anxious to learn further particulars of the 
Farr QuaKER. 


Errata.—At page 543 of our last volume, Luther’s birth-place should have been 
Eisleben.—Page 386, line 30, of this Number, for Convention read National Assembly,— 
Page 423, for Giant's Causey read Giant's Causeway. 


THE 


MONTHLY MAGAZINE. 


‘[6 of Vol. 53. 


No. 369. | 


JULY 1, 1822. 


THE house in whieh our illustrious British mathematician resided, is still in perfect 
preservation in St. Martin’s-street, Leicester-fields. He removed here from Haydon- 
square, where he took up his residence, after being appointed master of the Mint, on 
account of its vicinity to the Tower ; but, becoming president of the Royal Society, and 
so truly eminent, he removed to the more fashionable and courtly residence of Leices- 
ter-square, Here, therefore, he enjoyed his honours, and passed the late years of his 
life. It afterwards became an Italian coffee-house of celebrity ; and, latterly, it has been 


converted into a national or parish school. 


To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. 

SIR, 
i] REJOICE exceedingly to learn, 

from a very intelligent friend just 
arrived from Hay ti,where he has resided 
sixteen years, that the whole of that 
fertile and extensive island is now 
united under one republican form of 
government, of which General Boyer 
is President. What adds greatly to 
his wisdom and humanity is, that it 
has been .accomplished by his wise 
and prudent conductiwithout any war 
or bloodshed on his part. For the 
purpose of procuring information, I 
submitted.to my friend the following 
questions, and he obligingly subjoined 
the annexed answers. Both will in- 
terest the public. J. WEBB, 
Salisbury-square ; June 8. 

Monty Mac. No, 369. 


What is the seat of government? 

Port-au-Prince. 

What are rts forms? 

A Senate, composed, IE believe, of 
thirty senators; and a House of Re- 
presentatives, composed of two from 
each county: both are elected by the 
citizens ; the former for life, the latter 
for five years. It is necessary that the 
electors should be over twenty-one 
years of age, and housekeepers. 

Who is the President? 

His Excellency, Jean Pierre Boyer. 

What ts the age, colour, and character 
of the President? 

He is about forty years of age, plain 
but neat in his dress, of a superior 
education, prepossessing in his man- 
ners, and truly humane. 

Who are the other chief men? 

3P General 


432 
General Magny, General Bogela, 
the Secretary of State; and General 
Inginac, Secretary to the President, &c. 

What are the laws? 

Similarto those of the French, as they 
always refer to the Code Napoleon. 

What is the religion? 

Roman Catholic. 

Is industry promoted? 

There are schools in every town, 
and it is the wish and disposition of 
the parents to facilitate the instruction 
of their children. Industry is encou- 
raged and promoted by the President 
and government, 

Are the people flourishing ? 

Yes, very much so; and, as education 
improves, will be still more flourishing. 

How long has the island been united? 

The part formerly under the com- 
mand of Christophe since October 
1820; the Spanish part since Fe- 
bruary .1822; and now the whole 
island is one republic, of which Boyer 
is the President. 

How was it effected? 

By. the revolution of Christophe’s 
troops, and his death in October 1820 ; 
and the Spanish part, by the general 
wish and will of the people. 

Which are the best ports? 

Cape Haytien, Port-au-Prince, Go- 
naives, and many others. 

With whom do they trade? 

With Europe and America; from 
whence are imported many Indian 
productions, in return for the produce 
of the island, such as sugars, coffee, 
cotton, &e. 

Is slavery abolished? 

Yes, entirely ; never did any nation 
enjoy more real liberty than what the 
Haytians do at present. 

Are there schools? 

In. every town there are many 
schools, where they even teach the 
classics and mathematics. 

Is the press free? 

Yes, perfectly so at present. 

Are there many printing-presses? 

As many as are required; and, as 
population and education increases, 
will increase in proportion. 

What is the military force? 

Many thousands of able-bodied, 
well-disciplined men ; but every Hay- 
tian capable of bearing arms would 
instantly turn out in case ‘of invasion, 
to support the cause of freedom, and 
the integrity and independance of their 
country. 

Are there any native ships? 

There are many armed ships, and 


On the Present State of Hayti. 


[July I, 
an immense number of merchant-ves- 
sels, which trade coastways, and some 
of them to the United States.) 

What is the state of manners? > 

Extremely civilized and ‘polite ; ‘so 
much so; that the poorest cu! rs 
and labourers will salute each ‘oflier 
when they meet. dere 

What is the currency? ater 

The 4th, 8th, and 16th, of the 
Spanish dollar. ri 

What are the taxes? 

Very trifling. 

Are there any new buildings?’ 

Increasing since the union very 
rapidly. : ‘ 

Is the islandimproving or not?’ 

It cannot be otherwise; from the 
President’s. generously and wisely 
distributing the lands in perpetuity 
amongst the officers and soldiers, in 
proportion to their rank, from five 
acres and upwards. =i 

Are the planters blacks or whites? ~ 

They are all natives of the republic, 
without any distinction of colour. 

What features distinguish the istand, 
in condition, manners, or civilization? 

Mountainous, with some very ex- 
tensive plains, abounding with plenty 
of wild fowl, fruit, vegetables, water, 
&c, In general the soil is rich and 
fertile in the highest degree, and capa- 
ble, from its extent and convenient 
situation for commerce with North 
and South America, of maintaining a 
population of from eight to ten mil- 
lion of inhabitants. ashe 

*,.* The Editor thianks this. correspon- 
dent, and will be gladi of further informa- 
tion relative to this new and promising 
republic, as well a3 of the other new 
American republics. 

— > 
For the Montitly Magazine,’ 
views of the late REVOLUTIONS, and of 
the PRESENT COND ITION of PIEDMONT, 
by an EYE-WITNES3S. 
HE French language has always 
been very generally known in 
Piedmont, and its jiterature more cul- 
tivated even than the Italian, by the 
upper classes,—a ¢ sircumstance that fa- 
cilitated the dis: semination of ‘those 
writings which pr: eceded the new order 
of things in Fra nce. When the Re- 
volution ‘ensued, , it was no whére more 
sincerely hailed than in Piedmont, not 
only by the mid dling classes, but like- 
wise by that p art of the nobility in 
which there stil ] remained some feudal 
independance, and by the poorer and 
younger branc jhes of the nobility of all 
parties, 


1822.] 


parties, although its principles and 
consequences were probably very im- 
perfectly foreseen or understood. The 
presumed infallibility of its amelio- 
rating the condition of man was the 
general notion that gained it converts, 
which, together with the repugnatce 
of many of their institutions to reason 
and common-sense, seduced men to 
begin to question the routine of their 
forefathers. Those few who read, and 
were capable of drawing a conclusion, 
could not fail to be aware how faulty 
their government was in all its princi- 
ples and details. 

The records of Reman fame were 
open to their researches ; and, in pe- 
rusing the recital of the heroic acts of 
their ancestors, it became impossible 
not to observe the humiliating contrast 
between the past and the present. 
They all knew that their country once 
gave laws to the world, and they all 
perceived that their country had now 
become the land of promise, for which 
all nations contended by turns for a 
share, whilst they themselves were the 
passiye spectators of the struggle, and 
sometimes the principal instruments 

n the ruin, of their delightful country. 
., Roused by. these reflections, the 
Piedmontese began to awaken from 
their lethargic slumber ; but, like Sam- 
son, found themselves in chains with- 
out the power of breaking them. The 
propitious moment, however, soon ar- 
rived: the French armics entered 
Italy. 
“The House of Savoy, regardless of 
the new interests that had arisen, of 
the changes that had been taking 
place gradually in the minds of men, 
and of the powerful and irresistible 
effect of the two-fold attack it would 
have to sustain of war and of opinion, 
continued to govern on the plan of its 
ancestors, without attempting any re- 
form in the institutions of the country 
adapted to the circumstances and de- 
mands of the times. A fraudulentand 
Sraheeineas of paper-money, which 
ended in a national bankruptcy, and 
plunged almost every family of the 
con Ry in ruin and distress, together 
with the. pusillanimous and ill-com- 
bined military operations, produced 
an indifference in the minds of the na- 
tion towards its chief, which ended in 
Re. conquest of Piedmont, and the 
a of the royal family to Sardinia. 
e French, as soon as they found 
themselves in firm possession of Pied- 
mont, employed themselves seriously, 


On the late Revolutions in Piedmont. 


483 
and as effectually as time-serving ex- 
pedients could accomplish, in repair- 
ing the havoc that war, and the na- 
tional bankruptcy, had occasioned. 
The suppression of the convents, and 
the sale of their property, partially 
remedied the latter, and the’ abolition 
of the feudal system, and the general 
promotion of industry, still more suc- 
cessfully repaired the ravages of the 
former. They introduced their own 
code of laws, and they were adminis- 
tered with an impartiality never before 
known in the country. The roads, 
cleared from robbers and assassins, 
were kept in repair, and new ones 
were commenced. The morals of the 
people were amended, and the mur- 
ders that formerly disgraced every 
country fair and saints’ day, were no 
longer heard of. Internal commerce 
and prosperity universally increased, 
particularly as partaking of the im- 
mense circulation of a large empire. 
Even the conscription had its advan- 
tages, parents and relatives were un- 
der the necessity of learning that be- 
yond the Alps there were other coun- 
tries; and obliged, when thinking of 
their absent soldier, to extend their 
thoughts to Madrid orto Moscow; and, 
when he returned, he returned free 
from the rust which his countrymen 
had been contracting for centuries un- 
der his ancient line of kings: 

Under this system, the middle class 
made rapid progress; the division of 
property increased their numbers ; 
and, in fact, they became the power- 
ful party, not only from their numbers, 
but likewise from their activity, and 
the policy of their government, to pro- 
tect them as a counterpoise to the 
royalist nobility, ever and naturally ini- 
mical to the French system. ‘To form 
a just notion of the state of society in 
Piedmont, it will be necessary to con- 
sider attentively how powerfully it has 
been influenced by the French Revyo- 
lution and! the government of Bona- 
parte, which was only a continuation 
of the same under another name. 
This, although despotism itself, was 
still a democratic despotism. It was 
eminently favourable to the increase of 
a middle class of men, and to the 4n- 
nibilation of ‘the ancient nobility. 
Those were, in fact, continually moul- 
dering away, since the prejudices of 
their class prevented them from en- 
gaging in any active employment or 
speculation of a commercial or manu- 
facturing nature, the only sources of a 
rapid 


484 


rapid fortune that could compensate 
for their continual decrease of means 
from the abolition of the feudal system. 
The education of the middling class 
was indispensably cultivated with 
great care. Their active employments 
obliged them naturally to retain, and 
apply in the exercise of their occupa- 
tions, the precepts of their education ; 
and, from the continual necessity of 
reasoning, the intellectual faculties 
make inevitable progress. The educa- 
tion of the nobility, with very few ex- 
ceptions, was more neglected than un- 
der the old order of things ; but which, 
as far at least as related to the roy- 
alist nobility, was, perhaps, more than 
sufficient for a person whose scene of 
action was limited to the most trivial 
occupations. As they never had occa- 
sion to reason, they had no occasion for 
intellectualimprovement. Hadanyone 
of them reasoned, he would have been 
an insulated being in his class, and as 
badly off as a Bramin who had eaten 
animal food. These people, therefore, 
could have little influence under the 
governmentof Bonaparte. ‘The moral 
influence they once had over their 
countrymen, was every day degene- 
rating ; partly from the inactivity into 
which they were thrown by the demo- 
cratic system, by their neglected edu- 
cation, and by the advances made by 
the middle classes in wealth, and in all 
those qualifications thatrender one man 
superior to another. They virtually 
had changed situations with those who 
were beneath them, their titles alone 
remained ; and, such is the infatuation 
that merely nominal distinctions have 
over trifling minds, that they persuade 
themselves a man, born with a title of 
nobility, although with every intellec- 
tual inferiority, is superior to a 
Parvenu, who has risen into consider- 
ation by dint of his own merit. They 
forget that the first of their family was 
a Parvenu. The royalist nobility had 
therefore no share in the, imperial 
drama. Their opponents, on the con- 
trary, composed of the small remains 
of the feudal nobility, and of men en- 
dued with liberal principles, were a 
party every day inereasing as the old 
blocks died off, and actively engaged 
themselves under the imperial ban- 
ners, well aware that the system de- 
pended on, and was held together by 
the frail life of one man; that, at his 
departure, the empire must naturally 
fall to pieces, and then that Italy, if 
she possessed men of practical know- 


On the late Revolutions in Piedmont. 


[July 1, 


ledge in war and politics, would be 
enabled to regain her independance. 
The sudden fall of Napoleon, and 
the crush of his empire, seemed to pa- 
ralyze the Italian, naturally slow and 
cautious in all his movements ; and be- 
fore any general plan could be com- 
bined for availing themselves of their 
liberation fromthe French, they found 
themselves, owing to their own indeci- 
sion, fast in the clutches of Austria. 
The House of Savoy regained, in 
consequence of the downfal of Bona- 
parte, possession of the dominions ‘of 
its forefathers, with the addition of the 
Duchy of Genevois. Upon its re-ap- 
pearance on the continent, the nation 
began to inquire how their sovereign 
had passed his time in Sardinia, from 
1799 to 1814. “You left us, (they said, } 
and went to Sardinia; you have go- 
verned there personally during a pe- 
riod eminently propitious for national 
improvement. You had therealarge 
fertile island, without any system of 
education; commerce and agriculture 
equally neglected: not even a land- 
mark to shew the boundaries of the 
different estates. No body of laws. 
Order unknown. The mountains and 
the woods infested by banditti; the 
plains, amongst the richest in the 
world, covered with morasses. Italy 
was then in possession of the French ; 
its ports were blockaded, and its 
maritime commerce annihilated: un- 
der this state of things, and free as 
you were to act, unfettered by any 
humiliating agreement, what has been 
your conduct? Did you invite any 
learned men from Italy to establish 
schools and universities? No. Did 
you assemble the men of ability of the 
island, and propose any thing like a 
social compact to improve the legisla- 
ture and ameliorate the condition of 
your subjects? No, You knew, or 
you might easily have known, that the 
ships, the merchants, and the capital of 
Italy, was daily leaving the continent, 
and taking refuge in England, in 
Malta, in Tunis, in Alexandria, even 
amongst the Ottomans: that the 
Greeks, oppressed by the Turks, pos- 
sessing 1000 merchant ships, with 
20,000 seamen, were ready to expa- 
triate themselves wherever they could 
find a protector. Did you offer any 
asylum in Cagliari to that enterprising 
but unfortunate body of nien? No. 
Did you make any attempt to improve 
the agriculture of the island? No. 


Did you facilitate communication vy 
“the 


1822.] 


“the formation of any new roads and 
bridges? No. Several of your ances- 
tors haye distinguished themselves by 
warlike achievements, of which the 
order you wear might sometimes have 
reminded you. Did you appear at 
the head ofany body of troops ; did you 
in any one instance emulate their ex- 
ample? Whilst your allies were 
making every effort, both of body and 
mind, to, stop. the progress of the 
French arms, those arms that had 
driven you from your continental do- 
minions, did you arm a single man in 
the general cause? No. Then you 
have passed this eventful period in an 
ingloriousslumber in Cagliari, and you 
had no person around you who had 
sense or spirit enough to propose a 
single measure to render you worthy 
the dignity ofa king. What then are 
your claims to the high office you are 
about toassume? LeEGITIMAcY.” 

A consideration of these circum- 
stances excited the most lively alarm ; 
yet, still it was hoped that the king, 
from motives of  self-preservation, 
would found a new system with some 
regard to the spirit of the times. If 
the old institutions were ill adapted to 
the general interest in 1799, how much 
more so must they have been in 1814. 
It was expected, therefore, that some 
kind of a liberal constitution would 
have been established; some relaxation 
of the rigorous and inquisitorial po- 
lice: some share of freedom of the 
press. None! on the contrary, a sys- 
tem was began that had only force for 
its basis, and was calculated to retro- 
grade the human mind. It was 
known, that a nation could not be en- 
slaved unless it was ignorant ; that, if 
it was ignorant, it would likewise be 
vicious.; that, if it was vicious, it would 
easily be governed by arbitrary means, 
and then a few artful and unprincipled 
instruments, would be sufficient to 
direct the operations of the state, who, 
by turns, sharing in the general plun- 
der, would contribute in silent sub- 
mission to the general slavery and de- 
gradation. Upon these principles an 
administration was accordinglyscraped 
together. Austria was in military pos- 
session of the country, and the new 
body politic began its operations un- 
der these favourable auspices. The 
royalist nobility possessed themselves 
of most posts of distinction, to the 
utter disregard of every other descrip- 
tion of persons, whatever were their 
merit or claims, accompanied by a 


On the late Revolutions in Piedmont. 


485 


disdainful, overbearing spirit which 
greatly contributed to all the ills that 
ensued, There only wanted the Asiatic 
costume, to persuade oneself of being 
on the shores of the Bosphorus, instead 
of the Po; the policy was precisely 
that. of the Othmans toward the infi- 
dels. In this state of things, no condi- 
tion could be more deplorable than 
that of the king. ‘The total prohibi- 
tion of speaking or wriling on any 
subjects relative to the government, 
precluded the possibility of the sove- 
reign’s ever knowing the true state of 
public opinion, or how ill adapted his 
new government was to the spirit of 
the times, or the general interests of 
the people. Held in leading strings by 
his favourite Count Roburent, a person 
as ignorant as possible, surrounded by 
others equally ignorant as vulgar, the 
mind of the personage could not have 
failed to have taken their temper, even 
had it been composed of better mate- 
rials. Few men, it is true, are able to 
shake off the trammels of a faulty 
education, to discover truth through 
the mists it sheds over the understand- 
ing, and to chalk himself out a new 
course. Kings, of all men, should 
strive to make this effort. They must 
rise superior to little affections, if they 
are ambitious of being respected. 
They must never have but one friend, 
and that must be the nation at large. 
A king who is anxious for the public 
welfare, and is desirous of living in the 
annals of his country, must protect and 
promote the general, not particular in- 
terests, and these can only be learned 
by listening to the public voice, un- 
vitiated by the medium of aministry or 
a court. Let him unfetter the press, 
and truth will walk forth. Ministers 
will then be only the servants, and no 
longer the masters of the, sovereign and 
the people. 


To the Editor of the the Monthly Magazine. 

SIR, 

SEND you some account of the 

recent management of the poor in 
the extensive parish of Clerkenwell; 
and, as the subject of the poor is now 
of such general interest, I hope you 
will give it place in your useful and 
extensively-circulated Miscellany. 

On the first election of the over- 
seers of CLERKENWELL, in 1818, they 
equalised the assessment of the parish 
from actual observation, which was 
much required, as many proprictors of 
Jarge houses were assessed far by 

their 


486 


their fair proportion, and were thus 
enjoying a benefit at the expense of 
their poorer neighbours. This pro- 
duced an increase of about 750/. per 
annum to the rates, which were still 
further increased by cutting down 
much useless expense in the collection. 
They completely abolished the prac- 
tice, which had been carricd to a most 
unreasonable extent, of cating and 
drinking at the expense of the parish. 
They found the parish 4,3001. in debt, 
although 3,000/. had been borrowed 
the year before on annuities; and, in 
the very same vestry which clected 
them, it was proposed to raise the rate 
from three shillings and sixpence to 
four shillings in the pound, to meet the 
current expenses of the year. This 
motion they opposed ; and, at the end 
of the first year, they lowered the rate 
to. three shillings. They have now 
paid off 4,000/. of the debt ; 3002. only 
remaining unpaid. They have also 
paid off three bonds, which has re- 
duced the bond debt from 3,000/. to 
2,600/.. Thus, in a few years, with 
similar management and economy, the 
parish will in all probability be free 
from debt of every kind. 

It is truly. surprizing, when these 
services are acknowledged and appre- 
ciated all through the parish, and when 
churchwardens and overseers, from 
almost all parts, come to Clerkenwell 
for information respecting the mode in 
which its parochial concerns are con- 
ducted, that one individual should en- 
deayour ‘to deprive them of their hard- 
earned credit; for the duties of the 
office; are not performed, as in most 
other parishes, by an assistant over- 
seer with a salary, but are equally 
divided among the housekeepers who 
are.elected to that situation. 

To account for the labour of the 
poor producing only 3577. 14s, 1d. in 
three years, while the materials to set 
them to work for the same period cost 
4581. 1s. 2d. it is necessary to state, 
that it is the constant practice of the 
officers to give employment only to 
the idle and dissolute, who never 
cease from applying so long as they 
can obtain a shilling or sixpence, but 
are’soon cured when they have to earn 
it; but, so far from this bringing a 
profit to the parish, it is a fact that the 
labour in picking oakum, (which is 
their chief employment,) which costs 
the parish one shilling, only returns 
five farthings, when the produte is 
seld in its picked state, causing a loss 


Economy of the Poor in Clerkenwell. 


{July 1, 
of ten pence three farthings on every 
shilling, 

Should it not be trespassing too 
far, I could wish to say a few words 
on the policy of employing the poor in 
workhouses with a view to profit, as I 
doubt much whether it be not more to 
the interest of the community to allow 
them to remain in idleness, excepting 
so far as may be necessary for the 
cleanliness of the house, or for the pro- 
duction of whatever is requisite for 
their own consumption, than to em- 
ploy them in the way they usually are 
employed,—the women in nheedle- 
work, and the men in scraping gum, 
beating oakum, dressing flax, or break- 
ing stones, or sometimes in making 
shoes and clothes for the army, or 
charitable institutions, For, although it 
produces a saving or benefit to appear- 
ance, it may not in reality, because it 
is a measure of such extreme harsh- 
ness and cruelty to the very numerous 
class of industrious poor, who are just 
enabled to keep themselves above 
pauperism, by working on the same 
materials, and by supplying the same 
markets, and compels them, on the 
least illness or misfortune, to come 
with their families to the parish, when 
they soon exhaust what little profit 
may have been made by the labour of 
the poor in the house. 

It is also an object of the first im- 
portance to the interest of the commu- 
nity, to maintain as much as possible 
among the poor that spirit of indepen- 
dence which induces them to rely 
upon their own exertions for support, 
and to consider parochial relief as de- 
gradation. But it is quite destructive 
of this principle to collect, feed, and 
clothe, numbers of idle and dissipated 
characters in a workhouse, for nine- 
tenths of them are brought there by 
their own vices; and, after compelling 
them to work, to bring the produce into 
the market, and ruin (by selling it un- 
der price,) those work-people who 
have to support and clothe them- 
selves, and pay rent, out of the profit 
of their labour; for, unless it be sold 
under the market-price, it will seldom 
obtain purchascrs, being of. inferior 
quality; because it is made by persons 
habitually unwilling to work, and who 
fee] no interest in what they are doing, 
as they derive no profit from it when 
done. It has been too much the cus- 
tom of late to boast of the benefit 
derived from the labour of the poor, by 
looking only to_the produce, and over- 
looking 


1822.] 


looking the losses and expenses. from 
want of skill or inclination to work; 
from theft, which is so prevalent: in 
workhouses that nothing concealable 
can be trusted out of sight for a, mo- 
ment; from the wear and tear; and 
frequently the malicious destruction, 
of the machinery; from the. trifling 
gratuities to the poor, and the more 
serious ones to the superintendants; 
for, when all these are taken into ac- 
count, it generally happens that the 
apparent gain is a real loss, and thus 
a serious evil is inflicted on an indus- 
trious community, without a shadow 
of benefit to the parish. 

Whoever wishes to be convinced of 
the effects of the above system should 
visit the out-pensioners of any large 
parish, particularly the females, where 
the eyil is more evident, because they 
are not able, like men, to change their 
employment: he will find a number of 
poor old women, who have been accus- 
tomed to gain their living by needle- 
work, and, on questioning them re- 
specting their earnings, he will hear 
the same complaint, almost invaria- 
bly, from each of them:—“We can 
earn but,a very few shillings per week, 
for scarcely any work is to be obtain- 
ed; and, when we do get a little, it is 
on condition of doing it almost for 
nothing, there are so many charitable 
institutions, schools, and workhouses, 
where needle-work is taken in at a 
low price, that in order to get it we 
are obliged. to, do it on the same terms ; 
and, instead of its affording a decent 
living as formerly, we should be forced 
to come into the house ourselves if the 
small weekly pension allowed by the 
parish were stopped.” Now what is 
the result of this state of things? The 
public, or more properly the con- 
sumers, obtain many articles much 
lower than the fair market price, or 
the price which will afford to those 
employed a bare. subsistence; but 
then they pay moro than the amount 
of this saying in the form of poor’s- 
rate, because this deficiency of price 
is made up to the. parties employed 
by a weekly pension in most cases, 
and in others by taking them into the 
house. Now, surely no one can doubt 
for a moment. but that it would be far 
more creditable to the public, and far 
more beneficial to the poor, if this dif- 
ference between the fair price and the 
workhouse price were paid as a remu- 
neration for labour done, or services 
performed, instead of being doled out 
in the degrading form of relief; and 


Economy of the Poor in Clerkenwell. 


487 
this object’ would be immediately 
effected by discontinuing the employ- 
ment of all persons who are supported 
by the public purse. By the adoption 
of this plan, many who are now in the 
workhouse would be enabled to sup- 
port themselves out of it; but a’ per- 
severance in the other will perpetuate 
and increase pauperism, by diminish 
ing the number of independant work- 
people, who become daily more and 
more unable to contend with work- 
house prices, by compelling the least 
skilful, the least prudent, and the most 
unfortunate, to join the already enor- 
mous mass of parish paupers. 

Since writing the above, the over- 
seers of Clerkenwell have published 
theiz annual statement for 1821-22, 
than which nothing can be more satis- 
factory to all who are not predeter- 
mined that nothing shall satisfy them. 
It appears that the expenditure during 
the year is 7741. less than the last, and 
1,648/. less than the year before the 
reforming overseers came into office. 
They have paid off seven more bonds, 
to the amount of 700/.: the only sum 
remaining unpaid is 634/. due on the 
county-rate ; this they neglected to pay 
from policy; and, as the county treasurer 
has since left the country in arrear, 
much credit is due to them for the 
attention with which they watch over 
the interests of the parish; for, as a 
proof, itwas not from want of means, 
they have 1,853/. in the master’s and 
treasurer’s hands, which leaves a ba- 
lance of 1,219/. in favour of the pa- 
rish, when all its debts are paid. 

April 7, 1822. SE. 
Annual Statement of the Recelpt and Expenditure 

of the Rates raised within the Parish of Clerken- 

well, in the County of Middlesea, commencing 

March 26, 1821, and ending March 25,1822; 

Population Return. : 

Number of Families A Call d Mcdap ahah jh 
Families employed in Agriculture ©.) 29°72 © | 

Do. inTrade.. . .. 6,953 

Do. notemployed in Trade or Agriculture 2,701 ie 

SB 542 

Sal Me 
+ 5,775 

9,838 


Income, ‘ 
In Treasurer’s Hands, picecbees 1821 
Master’s Hands, Lady-day, 182 7 
Rate-Book, ending Dad ysdayy dee 
a ee > 

For legitimate Children... . Oi. 
Of Relations of the Poor for Board and other 

Allowances : » ° . Fi 1 

On Acconut of Work done by thé Poor 3 99 


For Apprenticing Children 62 
tent £16,907 

Expenditure, , 
By Cash paid §. =o AETKY é #15,053 
By Balance in Treasnrer’s Hands - (1,753 


By Balance in Master’s Hands ‘ ° "101 


£16,907 
In 1820-21. In 1821-22, 
Average Numberin House 432 410 


Infant Poorat Enfield . 1 45 35 
Lunatics A t . 16 1b 
Total 493 460 


488 
Average Price La Provisions. 
1820 40-1821. 1821 to 1822. 
Bread, per Quartern 0s. 93d, . «Os. BEd. 
Meat, erStone . 4 3- . . 38 6 
Legs and Shins, do. * 1 6 L.-k 
Butter, perCwt. . - 82 0 78 0 
Cheese, do. C ; 46 6 44 0 
Items of Expenditure. cms 
Population Expenses . 3 - £ 66 
Casual Poor relieved by Overseers 268 
Reliefs, Examinations, Removals, by Beadles, ot 
c. 

Slispended Orders, and Relief by Em loyment 195 
Poor relieved by Order of Guardian Board and 

Officers s . 679 
Weekly Pensions to Out-door Poor 4 . 3,649 
Infant Poor at Enfield d ‘ , 444 
Lunatics at Bethnal Green ; 4 « » 373 
County Rate . ° F 921 
Annuities, ae Interest ‘on Bonds 5 4 662 
Bonds paid off ° . . . 707 
Bread and Flour ° g 4 - 884 
Meat i . “ . . - 878 
Beer . s . ’ * 375 
Butter and Cheese “ - ail 
Milk. 9 4 . e : 89 
Groceries and Oatmeal 5 i * 148 
Vegetables . : ° 62 
Linen, Sheeting, Calicoes, elite) Freier acige8 
si peme ery and Hosiery . ° ° 110 
Woollens and Corduroy 5 ° ° 215 


Shoes and Leather F 
Men’s Clothes, Hats, and Girls’ Bonnets » pope 
Soap, Salt, Oil, and Vinegar 2 


Coals and Candles. é . 252 
Bedding and sbatends * A ~ 202 
Earthenware. . ‘ ° 7 
{ronmongery . F el 
Counerye Turne Baskets, &e. 4H 
Cost of Flax Mac jinery and Gratuities to the Poor 143 
Insurance and Taxes’. 1] 
Midwifery = . ° 7 
Matron’s Disbursements a ‘ eo 
Wines and Spirits for Sick and Infirm . 75 
Repairs. of Workhouse . ~. 484 
Gas Light . 4 . 50 
Stationery and Printing : - 104 
Clerk’s Salary 300 
Clerk’s Disbursements for sehen &e. 103 

Salaries to Master, Matron, Clerk, and Apo- 
thecaries © . i 360 
Apprentice Fees. a 120 
Fire Plugs and Rewards for Engines. 66 

Subscriptions to Finsbury and Electricity Dis- 

ensaries, Fever and Lock apes ee 
russ Institution 25 
Funerals f > > 5 . 77 
£15,025 


eee) aoe 
For the Monthly Magazine. 
BOOK-CLUBS and. SOCIETIES. 

N_your last Number you suggest to 
country booksellers the propriety 
of their taking advantage of this leisure 
season to canvass persons in different 
districts, so as to form new book-socie- 
ties. In this sentiment all your readers 
will accord; and, as a country book- 
seller, allow me to express a hope 
that, by the activity of my brethren, 
every parish in the kingdom may in a 
short time possess’ its. subscription of 
from ten to twenty members, for the 
purchase and circulation of afew pe- 
riodical publications and popular 

books. 
Annual subscriptions amounting to 
eight or ten guineas, are sufficient for 
every purpose; but if they can be ex- 


tended to twelve or: fifteen guineas, Hier 


+ 


2 


Plans of Book-Clubs and Societies. 


[July t, 
purpose will be more bec dg ri ef 


fected,’ For exanrmple— * 
Tere s, d. 
The Monthly Magazine, at 2s. for ““ 
fourteen Numbers; costs +++ 1 8 O 


The Gentleman’s, or European-+>1; 8» 0 
The Monthly Review, or British 

Critic, fifteen Numbers at 

Qe Gilen aassnsgavasesust uke se hae 6 
The Journal of New Voyages and 

Travels, twelve at 3s. 6d.---- 29 “0 
A Religious Magazine, at 1s. 6d. 0 18 ~“O 

ga teory 

O39 FRG 

To which may be added some®six or 

seven stock publications ‘in the year, 

not exceeding 10s. 6d. each, which 

with the periodicals, bound in half- 

yearly volumes, would in‘a few years 

form a delightful, usefal,-and instruc- 
tive collection. 

In my own experience, T have found 
that the schoolmaster of the parish®is 
always the very best secretary and 
treasurer ; and next to him any intelli- 
gent and urbane person who is fond of 
books, and who therefore would: keep 
and circulate them for the gratification 
of being their keeper. The business 
of such person is to receive the books 
from the bookseller, sewed | im vear- 
tridge paper, and then address them 
among the members. But blank lists 
and rules for book-societies have long 
been published, and are sold: by the 
dozen or 100 at a cheap isa for the 
use of secretaries. 

It has been computed that there 
exist at present nearly 2000. of these 
book-subscriptions. But, | including 
large towns, they might easily be: qua- 
drupled. A bookseller at a’ market- 
town in this county lately established 
fifteen within a few months, merely by 
stimulating one or two persons to set 
them a-going, in as many districts. 
Subscriptions of 12s. a-year, or 1s. 
a-month, from abeut sixteen members, 
are found to answer best; but inssome 
cases 5s. per quarter from twelve 
members are more practicable. The 
advantages to the local booksellers 
are incalculable, ‘as they not merely 
supply the club with books, but gene- 
rally ‘serve the members with other 
publications, called for by that appe- 
tite for reading, which reading itself 
creates. In a moral, religious, «and 
social point of view, nothing can be 
more desirable than the general esta- 
blishment of such clubs.) 

: A Couyrry BooKsELLrn. 
~ Leeds ; oi 


Was 


2 SV yh s aor 
= ~ we 


1822.] Dr. Trotter on 


For the Monthly Magazine. 
On the DEFECTS im WORKS on NAVAL 
HISTORY; by DR. TROTTER. 

HILE the authors of naval his- 

tories have dwelt with pecu- 

liar pleasure on the exploits of our 
naval officers and seamen, it has been 
matter of regret to me, that no mention 
has ever been made of those important 
improvements, in the civildepartments 
of the service, which have been one 
great cause of the extraordinary exer- 
tions of our naval operations. It is a 
strange perversion of human curiosity, 
to be amused only with scenes of car- 
hage and blood. A Roman was re- 
warded with a civic crown, who saved 
the life of a citizen; but in Christian 
Britain no such honours wait the man 
who. may snatch hundreds from the 
grave. The two last wars have been 
remarkable for improvements in the 
health of our seamen, beyond all for- 
mer calculation, A ship of the line, 
during the revolutionary war with our 
colonies, could not cruize eight weeks 
in the English channel without having 
a considerable portion of the ship’s 
company disabled by scurvy, and 
some of them dying before they could 
be landed at an hospital. Ships 
crossing the Atlantic, whether in 
Squadrons to re-inforce our fleets, or 
to conduct merchant vessels, were 
constantly overrun with this disease, 
when they reached America, and often 
remained inactive from this cause for 
months. Two, three, and four. hun- 
dred men in one ship, were frequently 
found in the sick list; from which 
number would happen sixty or eighty 
deaths at sea. This was not all; the 
remaining part would be so enfeebled 
by hard duty, that their appearance in 
coming into port was like so many 
Skeletons. The melancholy picture 
of Lord Anson’s ship, thé Centurion, 
from an overwhelming scurvy, as 
drawn by the chaplain, has been often 
equalled in our naval service. These 
frightful accounts of human suffering 
might be read with silent feelings of 
regret and compassion, did we not 
know that the whole might have been 
prevented at a small expense to the 
nation. The lemon, and all fruits of 
that class, have been known as effec- 
tive cures for scurvy for more than 
200 years. Butso defective were the 
arrangements in the medical depart- 
ment, that nota single chest of lemons 


‘or oranges were ever seen in store, or, - 


im a king’s ship, on home service, 
MontTHLY Mas. No. 300, 


Naval History. 489 


where the disease was most apt to 
appear in its hideous forms. On all 
Stations, therefore, the most important 
operations were often frustrated by 
this malady; and I have been told of 
instances where 250 men have died in 
a singleship. Scurvy has always been 
more fatal in a ship of the line than in 
vessels of one deck, as frigates and 
sloops, from causes easily accounted 
for. 

Things went on in this way till the 
beginning of the French war in 1793; 
and when [ became physician to the 
Royal Hospital at Haslar, in Decem- 
ber, there was not an ounce of lemon- 
juice within its walls.* Lord Gard- 
ner got a supply of lemon-juice for a 
squadron of ships intended for India, 
in spring 1794, which was a novelty. 

In the severe winter of 1794-5, a 
general scurvy began to appear in all 
ships on the home station, both in 
port and at sea, chiefly owing to the 
Victualling Board contracting the 
allowance of fresh beef in harbour, as 
provisions grew enormously dear. I 
was now physician to the fleet, and 
foresaw all the mischief that was about 
to overwhelmus. But my predictions 
were not regarded. Jt unfortunately 
happened, the flag-officers of the chan- 
nel fleet were all absent.- I was 
therefore compelled to address my 
first letter on the subject to the port- 
admiral, Sir Peter Parker.’ We here 
see how little institutions in the navy 
were provided against such occur- 
rences; and how little the minds of 
officers were prepared for such misfor- 
tunes. After waiting a few days for 
the expected answer from the Admi- 
ralty to my proposals of safety, on 
calling at the admiral’s office, I was 
told by the secretary, that Sir Peter 
did not see any necessity for putting the 
country to such expense, and he had not 
sent the letter. Stung with resentment 
at the cold-blooded reply, I ran to 
my desk, and detailed the condition 
of our increasing malady, and request- 
ed the immediate attention ‘of their 
lordships. Earl Howe, who was ill 
at Bath, on hearing of our distress, 
seconded my application, Sir Roger 
Curtis, captain of the fleet, was in 
London, and flew from Board to 
Board, to support my means of relief. 
The Admiralty instantly ordered the 
Board of Sick and Hurt to purchase 


* See Medica} and Chemiéal Essays, by 
Dr. Trotter. 
3Q fruit 


490 Dr. Trott 
fruit and vegetables, as the physician, 
of the figet might demand! and the 
Victualling Department was’ also di- 
rected to-'restore the ‘fall quantum ‘of 
fresh meat. ‘So little was the Sick and 
Hurt Board used to ‘liberal supplies, 
that the fruit and vegetables came in 
very inadéquate portions. Where 
pounds were sent to us, I asked for 
tons. “ In order to preventthe fleetfrom 
being distressed through these petty 
measures, I visited the garden-grounds 
and markets in the neighbourhood, 
and calculated what they could afford. 
The Iemons and oranges were now 
sent to Portsmouth in light waggons ; 
and several tons of spring sallading 
were daily issued to the sccrbuties of 
the different ships, till the malady 
yielded; and this mode of prevention 
and cure was extended to every vessel 
returning from sea as she arrived. 
The words of Sir R. Curtis to the 
Admiralty, that there could be no 
summer fleet, unless the supplies de- 
manded by the physician were com- 
plied with, were now confirmed, and 
not a ship remained inactive. A squa- 
dron of ships of the line, under Lord 
Bridport, put to sea, and, after a short 
action, captured three sail of seventy- 
fours in the very mouth of a French 
harbour. 

- ft is remarkable that there were 
not ten deaths from scurvy on this me- 
morable occasion; though, including 
all the degrees of its influence, there 
could not be less than 40,000 cases 
before its final extirpation. 

~ Thad been a writer on scurvy, and 
the second edition of my work was the 
means of obtaining for me the high 
station which I had now the honour to 
fill. 'The practice employed had all 
been laid down in my own pages ; but 
it required more than common address 
to secure to the service the permanent 
value of the means employed, as a 
preventive against future horrors. I 
knew that in proportion to the time 
a ship’s crew lived on lemons and 
recent vegetable matter, the attack 
of seurvy would ibe retarded. It 
is difficult to get public Boards to 
attend to medical disquisitions : 1 did 
more; the captains and surgeons 
were enjoined to demand supplies, at 
stated periods, as if the disease re- 
curred with fresh vigour. The busi- 
ness of. prevention and cure went on 
in this manner till these supplies be- 
eame so interwoven with forms of 
scrviee, that permament, sontracts 


T . = 
er on Naval History. 


[July,t, 
were made. for,them as for other nayal 
stores. An immense quantity of land, 
in the neighhourhood of the King’s 
ports, Was at this time converted inta 
garden-ground for the use of the fleet. 
~ Thus at a small expense was scuryy. 
extinguished in the royal nayy of 
Britain, and it forms an era in her 
annals ;. for it had cost more human 
lives than all other diseases put toge- 
ther. But this was not all; it pre- 
pared the seamen for the most vigor- 
ous exertions of bodily strength, whe- 
ther for combating the fury of the 
elements, or, the cnemy in battle, 
And it was justly said by some of the 
most experienced officers, that the 
blockading system of warfare which 
annihilated the naval power of France 
could never have been cartied on, tin- 
less the sca-scurvy had been snbdued; 
and more than a hundred thousand 
British seamen have thus been fed 
to the country, by as many thousand 
pounds. It ought to be remembered, 
that the accomplished Earl Spence 
was at the head of the Admiralty di = 
ring these important transactions, and 
feelingly attended to the condition of 
the fleet. a adeat 

Another incident, fraught withnearly 
equal danger to the health of the fleet, 
happened in 1794, after,the victory on 
the lst of June, by the diffusion of a 
typhoid contagion, spread from the 
French prisoners. Measures equally 
active and successful put an early pe- 
riod to this distemper; and some of 
the ships were cyen cleared before we 
arrived in port. The annals of naval 
warfare exhibit nothing of the kind 
before that evcr threatened a more 
serious mortality. Yet such was the 
nature of the means employed, that 
the country was ignorant of the danger 
till the publication of the first yolume 
of Medicina Nautica, in 1797. Before 
this occasion, I had opposed fumiga- 
tion in every form, as a mass of igno- 
rance and quackery ; and I have lived 
to see it totally neglected and aban- 
doned. It is remarkable, in the pro- 
gress of human opinions, that at the 
very moment that a British House of 
Commons was rewarding Dr. Smyth 
with 5,000/. for the vapour of nitrous 
acid, as a destroyer of contagion, an 
American legislator, Dr. Mitchell, of 
New York, was exhibiting to his fel- 
low citizens the individual substancé 


as being the very matter of. contagion 
itself! “Will posterity believe that, 


at the beginning of the nineteenth 
; eentury, 


#822.) Dr. Trotter on 
century, quackery could tower with 
such effrontery.* 

" At this period, I had the good luck 
to draw the attention of the. com- 
mander-in-chief to the Royal Hospi- 
tals. Who could think with satisfac- 
tion: of 2,000 seamen, the most incon- 
siderate beings on the face of the 
éarth, being “confined in an hospital 
without a single officer to command 
their obedience. If all the advantages 
that might have been gained were not 
obtained by new- modelling these na- 
tional institutions, stifl much good was 
done. Earl Howe’s bad health com- 
pelled him to retire, and with him 
sunk the sun of improvement and 
reform, 

Many important changes were now 
made in the medical discipline of the 
Ship. The detestable _perquisite of 
15s, for the cure of venereal disease 
Was. abolished, which, of itself was a 
Saving of many thousand lives. The 
diet of the sick was greatly improved, 
and a foundation Jaid for. bringing 
every. thing connected with health 
into system, so as to receive every 
oct am step of medical know- 


] 

se it cannot be doubted that the 
rm. of nayal war acquired stupendous 

fone by, whatever added to the 
galth ‘of the seamen, and such as this 

country I had not known in any former 

contest. “A minister, in winding up 

e affairs of a nation, on such pre- 
mises as these now detailed, could not 
fail, we should suppose, in holding 

em up. as glories of his administra- 
tion ; for, independant of the acquisi- 
fions, for Saving. lives, uncalculated 
millions of money were saved by 
ithem.. Yet no minister in either 
House of Parliament ever, mentioned 
these triumphs of humanity, though 
they did so much honour to goverip, 
ment. 

Is. it not remarkable, that in a coun- 
bey li e Great Britain, which owes so 
much to its naval ascendancy, matters 
of such yast importance in, the fate of 
war. have ,been, totally overlooked? 
“The Lives of the Admirals,” as be- 

n. by, Dr. Campbell, haye been 
at art down to the end of the last 
war; pitt not the smallest allusion has 
been made to the subjects mentioned 
aboye, and all other ae have 


oe The: King a , be roa 
the fl eet as soon eine 
whieh was fourteen day 


aml visited 
safe, 


dene 


Naval History. 491 

followed the example. Yet my vo- 
lumes onthe diseases of the fleet were 
read by most officers of my own day ; 
and in no:common. language they ac- 
knowledged their opinions, Speaking 
of them, Sir R. Curtis says, “You 
have done more for the navy than the 
most brilliant victory that ever was 
gained.” And Admiral Sir Kdward 
Thornborough gives it as his opinion, 
“You have done more for the navy 
than any man living.’ A hundred 
officers might be quoted who have ex- 
pressed themselves in similar terms. 
Now one of the strongest reasons 
which have induced me to recur to 
these transactions is as follows... At 
the beginning of last French war, the 
supply of the lemon acid to the navy 
was actually suspended for some time. 
On whose authority this was done, I 
know not, or whether it was for the 
sake of economy ; for we have met with 
such men in office, who would “strain 
ata gnat, when they could swallow a 
camel.” ‘This suspension had scarcely 
taken place, when the sturvy began 
to appear in its usual form; and “the 
necessity was admitted of again return- 
ing to the issuinz of the citric acid as 
before. It thus shows how requisite 
it is to instil into the minds of young 
officers all information and knowledge 
connected with their profession, But 
medical books are not the vehicles for 
such intelligence; it ought to come 
from the page of history... , Should the 
peace continue for twenty years, as E 
hope it may, there will not at that 
time be a single admiral, captain, or 
lieutenant, or a single physician, sur- 
feon, or assistant, fit to go to sea on 
duty, that has had the smallest. expe- 
rience of the horrors. to be expected 
from a general scurvy, when there are 
no vegetable supplies for relict’ i in the 
ships. 

As the Monthly Magazine is read by 
every literary person in this country, 
your pages will chance 1o convey infor- 
mation to nayal historians, who may 
deem these animadversionson the health 
of seamen not unworthy of a place in 
their records. And they will instruct 
them where to consult the original do- 
cuments. 1 should be sorry to leave 
any expedient. untried, where the vital 
interests of Ly By val. seryice are so 
much at stak professional la- 
bours i in the Meet were cheered by the 
approving e “of. eyery officer and 
seaman, without. a single exception ; 
while among my medical brethren I 

lived 


42 
live _ with the respect sand: affection’ 
that were due to, a patriarch, for. the 
breath of. discord: never interrupted 
our communications: This reflection 
has often sweetened my professional 
difficulties amidst the instability 1 of 
worldly friendships; and the injustice 
with which I have been assailed in 
certain departments of public office 
has here found its balm. 
Newcastle-on-Tyne; May 13, 1822. 

: ————— 
To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. 

SIR, 

EVERAL letters having appeared 

in your miscellany, respecting the 

favourite song, ‘‘ Auld Robin Gray,” 
E beg the insertion of the following 
communication, which will probably 
satisfactorily clear up the doubts re- 
Specting the composer of the music of 
that ballad. 

Ihave now before me the printed 
title-page to some airs, published: se- 
veral years ago, from which, and from, 
tlie dedication and preface, I hand 
you some extracts. 

“Six Sacred Airs, intended as a do- 
mestic Sunday Evening Recreation,” &c. 
‘composed by the Rev. William Leeves ; 
together with a corrected copy, in its ori- 
ginal simplicity of the well-known ballad, 
«Auld Robin Gray,’ &c. London: printed 
for I’. Birchall, New Bond-street.” 

(From the Dedication. ) 

“To THOMAS HAMMERSLEY, ESQ. 

«* Anxious as you have ever been for the 
rule of right, as well as for the fair fame 
of your friends, you have more than once 
solicited ‘that I would publicly claim an 
offspring, which for more than forty years 
bas been of uncertain origin. Nothing 
could: have induced me to undertake this 
at my period of life; but the offer of your 
kind testimony to the genuineness of this 
my early production,* which an acquain- 
tance with it in manuscript, long before it 
surreptitionsly found its way to the public 
eye, enables you so convincingly to bear. 
As to the story, you may remember that 
I received it from the Hon. Mrs. Byron, 
and understood it to have been written by 
Lady Ann Lindsay,” &e. 

Signed, “ Wo. LEEVES.” 
Dated—“‘ Wrington, June 12, 1812.” 
(From.the Preface.) 

‘ That this little attempt was_never-in- 
tended as an imposture on the musical 
world, the open acknowledgment of it, at 
the time it first appeared, will sufficiently 
prove,” &e. 


I amin possession of additional 


be Meaning the music of “ Auid Robin 
Gray.” sey 


‘« Auld Robin: Gray:'—=Contemporary Criticism. 


[July 4, 
evidence, lately. received, proving Mr. 
Leeves to. be the composer of this airy, 
which itis not deemed. necessary to 
state, asthe above, will probably. be; 
sufficient for the purpose of ascertain- 
ing what appears to | have, been very 
little known. A. €., R. 
May 21, 1822. 


—<__——— 2 
For the Monthly. Magazine. 
THE PHILOSOPHY OF CONTEM- 
PORARY CRITICISM. 
NO. XXIIy 
Retrospective Review, No: 9: 
: IGHLY as we appreciate the 
excellence of the former: num= 
bers of the Retrospective Review, we 
are compelled to acknowledge ‘this to 
be superior to them all. : 

The first article is CAvENDISH'S 
Life of Wolsey, one of the most cele+ 
brated and interesting specimens of 
English biography. The pen of Ca= 
vendish is a lively and an elegant 
one; and all that came under his own 
observation he has deseribed with 
fidelity and accuracy. In the course 
of his narrative, he has interwoven 
some events, as he heard them de- 
scribed by the Cardinal himself, and 
dwells with manifest delight upon the 
“pomp and cireumstance” of this 
magnificent prelate. The work was 
evidently not unknown to Shakspeare; 
and the reader will be frequently re- 
minded of some of the finest passages 
of his “Henry the Eighth,’ in the 
perusal of the article before us. . 

The Poetical Works of Sir Joun 
Davies, the lawyer, the bard, the his 
torian, and the statesman, form the 
subject of the second paper. ©The 
principal piece, entitled’ ‘* Nosce teip- 
sum,” is said to be one of the earliest 
philosophical poems in our language. 
Though presenting few discoveries in 
philosophy,and labouring under the dis- 
advantage of a somewhat monotonous , 
and unpleasing stanza, it contains many 
passages of beautiful poetical illustra- 
tion. His poem ‘‘on Dancing” possesses 
great merit; and*the graceful liveli- 
ness of its tone and metre, contrasted 
with the philosophical sobriety of his 
greater work, affords a striking in- 
stance of the versatility of his talents: 
The ‘‘Hymns to Astrea,” (id est; 
Queen Elizabeth,) are among the 
best acrostics* we have ever seen. 

* Mr. D'Israeli could not surely have 
seen these when he spoke so slightingly of 
acrostics, in his ‘* Curiosities of Litera= 
ture,” vol. iii. p. 216, Fic. 8v0,- ; 
The 


1822.] 

‘The third article is a review of the 
Epistole Obscurorum Virorum, a~ se- 
vere satire upon the indolence, igno- 
rance, stupidity, and knavery, of the 
Romish priesthood. It was ‘written 
about the period of the Reformation, 
by Usricw von Hutten, a Franco- 
nian gentleman and a scholar,—of 
whose life and writings, a brief but 
interesting account is here given. 
As‘the wit of the original (consisting 
in part of its barbarous Latinity,) 
would necessarily be lost in transfer- 
ring it'into another language, the re- 
viewer has judiciously translated spe- 
eimens. in the text of his article, 
appending the original Latin in the 
form. of annotation. 

The fourth article treats most 
amusingly of the Oourts of Love, an 
institution unfortunately not known 
within these realms. The partiality 
of our laws,—all enacted by the male 
population,—has unjustly excluded 
the fairer part of the creation from all 
share in public magistracy; and we 
sincerely hope that the perusal of the 
present article may induce our lady 
readers to refuse all obedience to 
those laws, in the making of which 
they had no voice. Of this, at all 
events, we are very sure, that, from 
the spirit of wit and gallantry so un- 
usualin such ‘‘decent gentlemen in 
black” as we suppose the reviewer to 
be, which pervades this article, our 
fair readers will use their influence to 
promote the circulation of a work so 
favourable to the imprescriptible rights 
of women. 

The next is a; subject of graver 
character, and one to which we are 
glad to see the attention of the public 
at length attracted. We allude to the 
History of Witchcraft. Of all the 
degrading superstitions. which have 
at different periods possessed the 
human mind, none had a greater or 
more baneful influence than this. Its 
contagion was universal. No rank, 
age, sex, or character, presented a 
defence against the supposed: power 
of its practices; and, on the other 
hand, the most remorseless cruelties, 
and the *vilest judicial iniquities, 
excited no indignation when their 
object was supposed to be a witch. 


* The first’ book of Scot’s “‘ Discoverie 
of Witchcraft” contains an able exposure 
of these horrible and illegal practices ; 
and see Montesquieu, Esprit. des Loix, 
liv. xij. chap. 5. t é 


Retrospective Review, No.9. 


-“ Literary Hours.” 


493 


Tt will not of course be expected that 
we should here enter into any disqui- 
Sition upon the subject; but such of 
our readers as are desirous of further 
information, will be gratified by the 
perusal of the present article, or some 
very able papers in the London Maga- 
zine. 

The subject of the stath article is 
the Lives of Sir Dudley and Dr. North, 
a pair of family portraits, by the same 
hand, and painted in the same style, 
as that of Lord Keeper Guildford, 
reviewed in a former number of this 
work. It will hardly be expected, 
that the lives of an industrious Turkey 
merchant, and of a quiet, unambitious. 
scholar, should afford very striking 
materials for history; but the anec- 
dotes and observations contained in 
them throw considerable light upon 
the manners and character of the 
times. he work under review de- 
rives great interest from ‘the amiable 
picture which is here presented to 
us of the youngest of four brothers 
being firmly and tenderly attached to 
each, and all, through life; and, after 
their death, spending the last years of 
his retirement from the world in re- 
cording their virtues, and describing 
their actions.” 

Article seventh is a notice of the 
Poems of Robert Herrick, a poet 
whose very name was almost unknown 
till the publication of Dr. Drake’s 
Some. charming 
specimens are here produced, which, 
as usual, excite in us a desire to be- 
come better acquainted with the 
author. The following bijow is so 
“short and sweet,” that we cannot 
resist the temptation of transplanting 
it to a more congenial soil. ? 


To Blossoms. 


Fair pledges of a fruitful tree, 
Why do ye fall so fast? 
Your date is not so past, 
But you may stay yet here awhile, 
To blush and gently smile, 
And go at last. 


What, were ye born to be 
An hour or half’s delight, 
And so to bid good night? 
‘Tis pity Nature brought you forth, 
Merely to show your worth, 
And so to lose you quite. 


But you are lovely leaves, where we 
May read how soon things have 
Their end, tho’ ne’er so brave; 

Atter they have shewn their pride, 

Like you a while, they glide 
Into the grave. 18 
And 


494 


And now, “though: ‘Yast, not léast in 
our dear love,” comes the Uh chth idion, 
or Manual of Fr ancis Quar les ;-a most 
valuable manual of maxims, ethical, 
religious, practicable, and contem- 
plative. Thename of this author, as 
a poet, has—perhaps not unjustly— 
been “‘ damned to everlasting fame” 
by a conjunction with those of Wi- 
thers and Blome in “the Dunciad.” 
His prose, however, is admirable: he 
is excelled by none of his contempo- 
raries in the vigour and nervousness 
of his lancuage. His style is gene- 
Tally brief, pithy, and concentrated ; 
yet, when he allows himself to expa- 
tiate, there is occasionally a copious- 
ness and sweetness of diction that ‘‘is 
indeed eloquence.” We refrain from 
entering into particulars, as we have 
seen an equally cheap and elegant 
reprint, in a style uniform with War- 
wick’s * Spare Minutes,” and we 
shall therefore have an opportunity of 
judging for ourselves. 

en. “seen 
For the Monthly Magazine. 
The ACTUAL STATE of the GREEK 

‘ISLANDS; by MARKAKY ZALLONI, a 

~ native of TINOS, physician to PRINCE 

ALEXANDER SUZZO. 

MONG the numerous descrip- 

tions extant of the Egean sea, 
at present called’ the Archipelago, 
Ido not think there is one which 
perfectly answers the end that every 
writer of such descriptions should pro- 
pose tohimself, ‘In’ general, I per- 
ceive ‘that travellers ‘who have pub- 
lished accounts of Greece are more 
willing to inform us what this country 
has been, than what it is at present. 
They appear ‘to have been indefatiga- 
ble in their researches after the remains 
of moriuments, but to have passed over 
in ‘Silence the manners and institutions 
of the Greece of our days. Tu reading 
their works, it appears that these 
countries are ‘now, deserted in ‘such a 
degree, as not to be worth the atten- 
tion of the traveller, but only on ac- 
count of the raré vestiges of that 
grandeur so long’since ¥ anished. The 
Jabours of the learned, with a view to 


supply us with correct notions, patti- 
cularly with respect to’ ‘antiquity, are. 


beyond contradiction worthy ‘of ‘the 


liighest enlogiums; and in this view are 
But ought the modern” 
Greeks °to be: neglected, in order to’ 


highly “useful. 


confine all’ their observations ‘to the 


q ralz & 


* See nthe: vol, lili. p. ora 


On the ‘Actiial State of the Greek Islands. 


{July 1, 
aticients?. They seem to think that 
the vestiges of the best days of Greece. 
are only to be found in mutilated sta- 
tues and monuments, buried marbles, 
in medals, tombs, &e.; but why not 
look for them in the Greeks them- 
selves? Their character and manners 
certainly afford a picture of those of 
their predecessors, though it must be 
allowed to be imperfect and confused, 

Meditating in the environs of Athens 
upon a mutilated statue, or the portico. 
of an old temple of Neptune or Apollo, 
covered with moss, we are transported, 
with admiration for the statuary or the. 
architect who created this chef @euvre, 
At least we may be certain that the 
modern Greeks have been formed. of 
the same clay as their ancestors, and 
would be capable of the most heroic 
actions, if their energies had not been 
exhausted in their incessant struggle 
against all the eyils attendant upon 
the yoke of despotism under which they 
had fallen. 

Modern Greece merits more atten- 
tion than is generally imagined ; its 
inhabitants have not degenerated’ so 
far as not to retain any traces’ al 
them of the descendants of heroes: : ni 
to paint them faithfully, ‘the’ writer. 
should be one among them; he should 
mingle with their customs and. 1 man- 
ners; he should act, converse, and live’ 
with them freel ¥5 and without testraint, 
It is from this consideration that; being’ 
myself a Greek, E have presumed. to’ 
describe the Greek ‘nation. Havin 
chosen a subject with which Iam bes 
acquainted, I shall relate with the most 
careful accuracy all that I know of 
TINOS, my native country. 

At first view, my work may appear 
uninteresting, and some astonishment 
may be excited at my describing so 
small an island with so much detail, as 
it does not contain more than 25,000 
inhabitants, or, in other words, where 
the population does not exceed that of 
one of the, smallest’ cities in Europe ; 
but this surprize will disappear, when 
it is found that each’ island” of ‘the 
Archipelago, and even each town in 
Greece, offers innumerable. features 
worthy of detail. It will now be my 
task ‘to describe the genius and ‘cha- 
racter of the inhabitants of ‘Titios, and 
upon. this subject, I shalt principally. 
dwell ~ 

“My objet is to exhibit to the world 
the portrait of a ‘modern Greek, with, 
all his merits and defects; to the one 
shall do justice With” pleasure: and im- 
partially 


it 


1$22.] 


eréfore I shall, be guided by the 
stri Seip rs Axe . 
ay 
by 


aati 


{ things, and_too little with men ; 
bat.eyen in the former they have been 
very i uperfectly instructed. In the 
eyes of these trayellers, the inhabi- 
tants of the Greek isles appear to be 
nothing above the insignificant guar- 
dians of the ruins and rubbish time has 
not yet annihilated. In general those 
travellers never speak of these people 
but as it were in conformity with a 
received custom, just to mention that 
there are inhabitants. I must add, 
that such travellers receiye very indif- 
ferent information ; they are gencrally 
ceived; they do not put their ques- 
tions pointedly, and they examine with 
{00 little caution, ; 
A, person, for instance, arrives at 
n 


Rit 


neglected. 
moust evidently be far from accurate. 

_ The inhabitants of the isle of Tinos, 
like all those of the rest of Greece, are 
very reserved. when enquiries are 
made by strangers which may tend to 

heir prejudice. With respect to an- 
cient mouumenis, they observe the 
most rigorous silence ; in this they are 
not gnilty of dissimulation, but are 

creet and prudeni. Nevertheless, 
it has frequently happened that an in- 
habitant, has been persecuted, and 
yen ruined, because the knowledge 
of is having some old mutilated siatue 


sDiRRRPHION has transpired to the 


i 
Turks 
_At is then, under a pretext, that this 
inhabitant bas found, treasures, that the 
Turks, who are not ignorant,of, the, ri- 
diculous infatuation with, which. these 
objects are sought after by the Euro- 
ns, never. neglect. to seize upon 
what they choose to say has been 
und, and condemn it to confiscation. 
hus, if an islander happens to disco. 


On the Actual State of the Greek. Islands. 


495 
ver a subterranean passage, or a well, 
or should probably dig up any inserip- 
tions, remains of tombs, &c. he will, if 
possible, conceal iteven from his own 
family. Otherwise the least indiscre- 
tion would draw down the most terrible. 
vengeance on his head. . In the mean- 
while, because the iraveller does not 
find. what he. seeks for, he imagines 
that it does not exist ; especially as he 
has heard nothing said upon the sub- 
ject. 

Tinos, as to its extent, is one of the. 
most considerable islands in the Archi- 
pelago, and was the last of the Grecian 
isles in the possession of the Venetians; 
in 1714, when it came under the 
Turkish dominion, the Grand Seig-. 
nor gave it as a fief to Veli Effendi 
Zade. Notwithstanding this, the inha- 
bitants are as much autonomes, or go- 
verned by their own laws, as they were. 
under the Romans. A_ tribunal js 
chosen among themselves, from whence, 
every two years two primates, or. 
proestotes, are selected, who are charged 
with the administration-of their affairs, 
having under them subaltern officerss 
called Epitropes. Vhough these ,pri- 
mates should he re-elected every two 
years, it sometimes happens they are 
continued by the people, and some- 
times they maintain their places, not- 
withstanding the opposition of popular 
feelings; but this is when they are pro~ 
tected by some grandee at Constan- 
tinople. ; wie lik vaRbor 

The annual tribute paid by these. 
primates to the Turkish government. is 
from 2,500/. to 3,000/7. Some time be-; 
fore this tribute is delivered, the Proes-, 
totes order the Protogheris or chiefs: 
of the villages to get the money ready. 
These chiefs then assemble the inhabi- 
tants in their districts; and at. this. 
kind of councils different.sums are 
imposed upon each individual, accord- 
ing to their ability, It is.qa kind of 
poll-tax ; besides which, so much is 
levied for a hive of bees, a, horse, a 
goat, a house, a dove-house, or any, 
sort of real property ; but no person is. 
liable to this kind of capitation under. 
the age of fifteen, Gals 9¢ 
Any inhabitant, being unable or un- 
willing to pay, this tax is liable to have 
a summons, to, attend at ,St.. Nicolo; 
and, if this is disobeyed, the; proestotes 
can go in person, or,send. others, to 
place a seal upon. the, entrance of the 
dwelling of the offending party. . This 
seal is very simple: it is a slip of paper 
fastened on with wax,,and, the impres- 

ss sion 


496 


sion is frequently made with the 
piece of money called para, worth 
above a farthing. It is very seldom, 
indeed, that payment does not imme- 
diately follow this procedure. For, 
though the primates have no armed 
force to second the execution of their 
orders, they are generally respected 
and obeyed. Sometimes, when it is 
necessary to use more than ordinary 
rigour, the inhabitants become irri- 
tated, and proceed to open revolt. ‘lo 
escape their resentment the primates 
flee or conceal themselves till the po- 
pular fury has subsided. I have seve- 
ral times witnessed scenes of this kind ; 
when the insurrection is announced by 
the sound of the bell, repeated from 
village to village; so that the alarm is 
soon spread over the whole island, and 
every one holds himself in readiness to 
rise. ‘Io punish these insurgents the 
Turkish government is at length com- 
pelled to employ a vaivode, a kind of 
farmer-general, who, by advancing the 
moiety of the tribute, acquires the 
right of levying it, or rather of unmer- 
cifully rack-renting the wretched inha- 
bitants. He generally resides at Kam- 
bos, a village in the centre of the 
island. He is accompanied on these 
occasions by a number of Turks, to 
assist him in inspecting the harvest of 
the peasants ; one of these persons has 
sometimes the office of inspector over 
two or three villages. Woe to the 
islander who may dare to withhold the 
least portion of his produce, or who 
should take any means to prevent his 
cattle from being collected upon his 
ground; he would be condemned to 
penalties and punishment as rigid as 
if he had disposed of the property of 
others. It is then the islander feels 
that he has a hard master, whose ava- 
rice renders him relentless, and who 
will lose no opportunity that presents 
itself to profit by it. It is unnecessary 
to remark how terrible the Turkish 
government is in its wrath, especially 
when it sends this thirsty bloodsucker, 
or harpy, to execute its vengeance. 
The primates, when they resume their 
functions, generally behave with ex- 
treme caution; but they have always 
their deputy at Constantinople, who 
sometimes advances a part of the tri- 
bute, and afterwards settles their 
accounts with the administration of 
the island. 

Tinos has never been subject to any 
custom-house duties. When an inha- 
bitant wishes to leave the place, he 

2 


On the Actual Stale of the Greek Islands. 


[July 1, 
receives a ticket, which is a certificate 
of his country ; and with this kind of 
passport he may go to any part of 
‘Turkey, without the ordinary exemp- 
tion trom capitation, called karatch, 
and to which all the rest of the 
Grand Seignor’s subjects are liable: 
this costs 13s. 4d. to persons who 
wear the long Asiatic habits, and 
6s. 8d. to those who dress like Eu- 
ropeans. 

The isle of Tinos, like most of those 
of the Archipelago, presents an uniform 
aspect towards thesea. Atadistance 
we can only distinguisha mass of naked 
barren rocks; but upon a nearer ap- 
proach we perceive upon these heights 
a great number of villages, which can- 
not but excite our admiration of the 
industry of the inhabitants, who by 
their exertions have fertilized the rude 
soil of their mountains, the declivities 
of which are raised and parted off by 
dwarf walls, formed of stones, and 
communicating to the whole the air of 
a quincunx. 

Tinos is about sixty miles is cireum- 
ference, and contains two large towns 
and about sixty-six villages. It is 
naturally divided into what is called 
the Apanomeri or upper part, or the 
Katomeri or lower; the latter is the 
most fertile, both from the nature of 
the soil and the abundance of water 
supplied by the rivers Lazaro or 
Perastra, and Griza or Aghapi, so 
called from the villages through which 
they pass. These two rivers, inun- 
dating the country, form the marshes 
of Levadhea, which, being cultivated, 
produce grain, flax, melons, gourds, 
pumpkins, &c. Each proprietor digs 
a ditch round his ground here, to re- 
tain the humidity in summer, and to 
prevent the inroads of cattle; others 
have small huts, in which it is ne- 
cessary to remain to watch their pro- 
perty, often pillaged by the inhabi- 
tants of the upper part of the island, 
and the banditti of the isle of Andros, 
who make frequent incursions. 

San Nicolo, situate on the western 
side of the isle, belongs neither to the 
Katomeri nor the Apanomeri, being 
precisely upon the line of demarka- 
tion, as well as i/ Borgo, or the town. 
San Nicolo is not only the principal 
place for commerce, but also the resi- 
dence of the Greek archbishop, the 
proestoti, the epitrope, the consuls, and 
merchants. The Latin church here 
is dedicated to St. Nicholas: The 
Greek church, the Metropolitan, is 
very 


-Gasparaki, &c. 


1822.] 


very handsome, and richly ornament- 
éd; its lofty steeple is constructed of 
white polished marble, and contains 
four bells. The houses here are tole- 
rably well built; but the streets, like 
all the rest in the Levant, are without 
regularity. The public place, or quay, 
Opposite to the port, is called the Ba- 
lanza; this is surrounded by the store- 
hoases’ of the merchants, and here 
their goods are landed. ‘Strictly 
Speaking, San Nicolo is rather a road 
than a port. St. John’s, about half a 
mile distant, is the port, capable of 
containing a number of vessels, com- 
pletely sheltered from the land-winds. 
Leaving San Nicolo by the north, at 
a part called Camares, there is a small 
brook, that runs into the road; and 
near this is'a convent‘of Franciscans. 
Proceeding by the sea-side this way, 
we arrive at the Lazaretto in a quar- 
ter of an hour. On the south side, at 
a‘small distance from San Nicolo, is 
the site of the ancient city, which still 
bears the name of Polis. Here are 
many inscriptions and other antiqui- 
dies; and the ruins of an ancient tem- 
ple, dedicated to Neptune. About an 
hour anda half’s walk from San 
Nicolo “brings us to Il Borgo, for- 
merly a strong place, but more so by 
nature than by art: at present the 
fortifications are in ruins, though the 
rock upon which they stood is about 
840 ells above the level of the sea; the 
steepest part of this is called Petassos, 


-or the precipice. 


‘About ten minutes’ walk from the 
road at the foot of the Borgo, and on 
the declivity of the mountain, is the 
Exomborgos, or the suburb, at present 
the only part inhabited. Under. the 
Venetians, this was the residence of 
the rich and the nobles; but, when at 
war with the Turks, the former always 
took refuge in the fortress. Most of 
the fine houses built by the Venetians 
in this suburb are now in ruins. 
Among the descendants of those fa- 
milies -that- formerly governed this 
island, are M. Betti, a grandson of 
the celebrated advocate mentioned by 
‘Pournefort ; Fouskanarki, Francesco 
Here is also the resi- 
dence of the vicar of the Latin church ; 
three-fourths of the inhabitants are Ca- 
tholics, andthe restof the Greek church; 
this place. contains three handsome 
churches. The Exomborgos being quite 
destitute of water, the inhabitants are 


compelled to fetch it froma. consider- 


able«istance.») Here isneither garden 


o*» MontuLy Mac, No. 369. 


The Present State of freland described. 


497 
nor any kind of verdure to be scen. 
From the Exomborgos to Xinara is 
about half an hour’s walk, the whole 
nearly a steep descent ; but, in leaving 
the latter place, the Katomeri com- 
mences in a village of that name, si- 
tuated on the declivity of the moun- 
tain of the Borgo. Xinara is divided 
into upper and lower. In the latter 
of these the Latin bishop resides ; here 
is also the college and two churches : 
all the inhabitants are Catholics. 
Descending from Xinara, we come 
to Loutra, distant nearly a quarter of 
a league: this village abounds in 
fruits, the soil being well watered, 
and very fertile. ‘The baths, indicated 
by the name of this place, are no 
longer to be found here. The inhabi- 
tants, who are all Catholics; have a 
large handsome church. 
(To be concluded in our next. ) 
— 
Lo the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. 
SIR, 
AVING recently arrived in this 
city ‘from a tour in the south and 
west of Ireland, and having collected 
information on the spot respecting the 
distress and want which are found to 
exist in many districts, I now beg to 
send youfacts and observations:on the 
subject, and request you will publish 
them in the Monthly Magazine, con- 
vinced that no other periodical work 
could give them so much publicity. 
The scenes of misery which, from 
public reports, the travelleris prepared 
.0 encounter, by nomeansare apparent 
on a superficial view of the country. 
My excursion from Dublin was through 
the counties of Kildare, Kilkenny, 
Wexford, Waterford, Cork, Kerry, 
Limerick, and Tipperary, In allthat 
line the harvest of last year appears to 
have been well got in, and mostabun- 
dant. The country was perfectly 
tranquillized, and never*had a more 
flourishing appearance than atpresent. 
In short, the enquirer must be con- 
ducted out of his ‘route, and led over 
mountains and through bogs, to come 
in contact with those: insulated. spots 
where famine and disease have made 
their appearance. .Some instances of 
actual want I did witness in a part of 
the county of Kerry, and am led to in- 
fer that such were-more numerous and 
distressing im the counties of Clare, 
Galway, Sligo, and Mayo, through 
which I have not travelled. 
Two causes were-assigned to me as 
principally contributing 10 produce the 
ak present 


498 


present calamity: the insurrection of 
the peasants and the failure of the 
harvest; but neither of these seems 
sufficient to account for it. The crops 
of all kinds were so abundant last 
year, that, in some counties, the farmer 
has been known to give away his po- 
tatoes to any labourer that would be 
at the trouble of digging them up, 
concluding, that, in thus preparing his 
ground for wheat, he gained the only 
compensation he could expect for 
planting them. Indeed, the current 
prices published weekly, prove this 
abundance. With regard to the in- 
surgents, as withdrawing so many 
hands from country work, and inter- 
rupting the business of the field, — these 
are not, nor ever were, among the 
class of suffering poor ; they belonged 
to the peasantry in better circum- 
stances, nor did they enlist or force the 
mere cotters to join them,—they had 
too high an opinion of themselves and 
their cause. The pretext for all their 
outrages was to redress the hardships 
and to relieve the poverty of a class of 
people still lower than themselves. 
Although the habitual indolence and 
improvidence of the Irish peasant may 
justly be ascribed to his political con- 
dition, yet this unfortunate habit is the 
proximate cause of hissufferings, when- 
ever his routine of field-work happens 
to be interrupted for any time by a 
continuance of bad weather ; for, if he 
could command all the corn and pota- 
toes in the country, he would neglect 
to provide for the possible occurrence 
of an adverse season. As supine and 
careless as the American Indian, he 
adheres strictly to the abused precept, 
“Take no thought for the morrow, let 
to-morrow provide for itself.” In the 
distressed. districts which border on the 
Atlantic Ocean, and where much more 
rain falls than in the other parts of the 
island, the small farmers neglected to 
put their potatoesin the ground until 
the rainy season overtook them, and 
the seed itself was bad. Hence the 
partial failure of the potatee crop. 
But, if these poor people did not take 
all the advantages which they might 
have done early in the season, from 
the plenty and cheapness of grain and 
potatoes, their landlords, or their land- 
lords’ agents, should not have neglected 
them. It would have cost these gentle- 
men little to have furnished them with 
good seed; and, when the scarcity made 
its sudden and frightful appearance, 
one would imagine it would not haye 


The Present State of Ireland described. 


[July ls 
been difficult promptly to have brought ° 
provisions from the neighbouring plen- 
tiful districts. But, strange to say, 
whilst they were exporting large car- 
goes of grain, flour, and oatmeal, from 
the ports of Wexford, Waterford, and 
Cork, to Liverpool and Glasgow, they 
sent off these same articles from the 
last mentioned places to supply the im- 
portunate demands of the West of 
Ireland! However, by their retarding 
relief, it has excited universal sym- 
pathy for the sufferers, and produced 
the most generous efforts of unexam- 
pled charity. 

The Irish support adversity better 
than prosperity, they never murmur at 
their fate, nor attempt to shorten their 
misery by suicide; but, whether they 
die on their wisp of straw or exalted 
on a gibbet, they meet death with the 
same resignation and careless indiffer- 
ence. That this race naturally pos- 
sesses great energies, both. physical 
and mental, is universally allowed; 
quick to learn, and willing and able to 
work, it is not their faultif these adyan- 
tages are lost. Like manure heaped up, 
they become a nuisance instead of he- 
ing the source of plenty and prosperity. 

Having thus given a sketch of the 
actual state of things in Ireland, I am 
now led to attempt to account for it. 
The principal and_ still increasing 
cause, which, like Aaron’s serpent, 
swallows up all minor causes, is a su- 
perabundant rural population. In the 
last parliamentary census for 1520, the 
province of Munster alone was_re- 
turned as containing more than two 
millions of inhabitants. Here then is 
a country, the most fertile portion of 
the island undoubtedly, but without 
capital, without manufactures, and 
without enterprise or industry, and 
without employment of any kind forthe 
natives, except what may occasionally 
be given by the partial demands of 
agriculture. And this idle country is 
more populous than all Scotland, 
which supports a not too numerous 
population in great prosperity, by 
morals, industry, manufactures, and 
commerce !* 

There is no remedy or check for this 
increasing evil, nothing can prevent 
the peasantry from marrying at an 
early age, and getting swarms of chil- 
dren, 


* The rapid and surprising progress of 
population in Treland, from the census 
made by Sir William Petty to the last of 
1820, is given with great accuracy in tables 

of 


1822.] 


dren, without the least prospect, or in- 
deed thought, of being able to support 
them. There are other grievances very 
heavy in themselves, and still more so 
as combining with the grand evil, 
namely, tithes, rack-rents, and absen- 
tees. It is enough merely to mention 
these, for to go into a discussion on so 
fertile a theme would far exceed the 
limits of a letter ; but, supposing these 
were redressed or mitigated, the relief 
would not, nor could not, be general, 
as there would still be more mouths to 
be fed than the produce of the soil 
would supply food for. 

About fifty years ago the rural popu- 
Jation of Ireland, compared with its 
present state, might be said to be 
happy. The natives were not half so 
numerous as at present, and taxes, 
rent, and tithes, were not half so great, 
whilst the prices of agricultural pro- 
duce were much better. All this may 
be proved from that excellent work, 
Arthur Young’s Tours in Ireland, 
from 1774 to 1782. The last war, 
though so calamitous to all the world, 
was of advantage to Ireland, because 
it afforded a constant demand for its 
only staple (the linen manufacture ex- 
cepted, which does not belong to this 
discussion) of the material of war, men 
and provisions: that prop being re- 
moved, these have become drugs, and 
the country has sunk without resource, 
because the rack-rents, tythes, and 
taxes, the offspring of an artificial de- 
mand, remain, whilst the means of 
paying them no longer exist. 

Mr. Plunket has held forth in the 
House of Commons very unpalatable 
doctrine for the Irish landlords, that 
they should meet the exigency of the 
times by a suitable reduction of their 
rents. He considers, also, that any 
commutation of tythes would not re- 
lieve the occupying tenant, unless they 
were paid by the landlord, and thus 
merged into the general rental; but that 
excellent and eloquent man has not yet 
given an opinion relative to the employ- 
ment of the people. The exalted ef- 
forts of charity may relieve and suspend 
the present pressing calamity, but 
what will prevent its recurrence? by 
frequent appeals, sympathy will ex- 


of the introduction to the third volume of 
“Parochial Surveys of Ireland,” by W. 
Shaw Mason, keeper of the records in 
Dublin Castle. The tables are authentic, 
being made from actual returns deposited 
in the Record Office. 


9 


= 


Who and what are the Public Creditors 2 


499 
pire, and the most ardent charity cool. 
And is it not better that a community 
should cease to exist, than owe its 
existence to eleemosynary aid? The 
linen manufacture maintains, in a state 
of comparative comfort, two millions of 
the people of Ulster. Employment 
must be found for the remaining five 
millions, or the greater part of them 


must eventually perish. VIATOR.* 
Bath; May 29, 1822. 
— ——_— 
Tothe Editor of the Monthly Magazine. 


SIR, 
| BEG to enquire whether any of 

your readers in or about the Bank 
of England, or Stock Exchange, pos- 
sess the means of stating, either accu- 
rately or nearly so, what number of 
persons constitute the body of fund- 
holders or public annuitants; and what 
proportion of them, in number and 
amount, are Jews, or professed Chris- 
tians? 

The question is asked, because it is 
strongly suspected that the persons 
who lent their money to former admi- 
nistrations, to enable them to carry 
on certain wanton and unprincipled 
wars, were for the most part Jews, 
aliens to our national interests, and 
unattached to our soit; and that the 
greater part of those who now receive 
the interest of the said debts, the col- 
lection of which bears so grievously 
on the people, are likewise Jews, or 
persons who have no British feelings, 
and who could unceremoniously trans- 
fer their persons, and their property, to 
any other country in the world. 

Is there no admitted contamination 
of a debt, which diminishes the moral 
obligation to repay it? What if A 
should lend B a hundred guineas, for 
the avowed purpose of hiring C to 
assassinate D,—would any court of 
justice consider A as entitled to re- 
cover of B?. They would be consider- 
ed as a brace of scoundrels, and no 
just tribunal would countenance their 
immoral relations, or their bargains for 
immoral and wicked purposes. If B 
even persuaded A that D ought to be 
assassinated, A is not exonerated ; for 
he ought not to have lent himself to 
the unlawful purpose of assassination ! 

Far be it from me to suggest or sur- 
mise any act unworthy of the most 
rigid justice; but the morality of this 
question is of so mixed and equivocal 


* The editor will be glad of copies of the 
tables referred to by his correspondent. 
a character, 


500 


a character, that I merely state my 

doubts, in the form of an enquiry, that 

they may be discussed by better ca- 
suists among your readers. 

At the same time, the point would 
be discussed with less passion and 
suspicion in any other country than 
this; for every man capable of wield- 
ing a pen is interested as a receiver, or 
payer, that is, as one of the real or 
implied connexions of A, or B. 

Other questions might be started, 
in regard to the legitimate authority 
of B to implicate those whom he did not 
represent in his obligations, to effect 
his unhallowed purposes; and there- 
fore how far A has any claims, except 
on the person and identical property 
of B ;—but I forbear to probe deeply, 
though it is manifest that there will be 
much deep probing before these points 
are fully settled, and that evasions of 
any relevant questions will ultimately 
serve no purpose. 

PRO BONO PuBLICo. 

Birmingham; June 4. 

—< 
For the Monthly Magazine. 

On the ANCIENT GAMES and DIVER- 
SIONS of the BRITISH PEOPLE; with 
THOUGHTS on their REVIVAL. 

HISTORY of popular customs 
4a is ahistory of the progress of the 

human mind. The diversions of a 

people, their proverbial sayings, cere- 

monies, and anniversaries, indicate all 
the changes they undergo in manners, 
religion, and government. In Eng- 
land we may trace nearly all her revo- 
lutions in some usages of the common 
people: many of these are entirely for- 
gotten, others are hastening to obli- 
vion, and, in a short time, it will be 
probably difficult to collect that we 
were formerly orthodox worshippers of 

Thor, Odin, or the Pope; and that we 

have successively borne the yoke of 

Saxon, Danish, and Norman con- 

querors. In one respect this vicissi- 

tude is not a subject to be lamented. 

Custom is the tyrant of fools, and ocea- 

sionally gives no small trouble to philo- 

sophers. <A belief in witchcraft, for- 
tune-télling, lucky and unlucky days, 
astrology, ghost stories, second-sight, 
fairies, and omens, was a source of 
much misery, and occasionally of some 
ernelty, among our ancestors. Hap- 
pily, then, that all faith in these is 
extinct, or, at. most, confined to the 
nursery ; grown people being exempted 
from fear at the sight of an old woman, 
and have learnt to trace domestic and 


On Ancient popular Games and Diversions. 


[July 1, 


public calamities to other causes than 
the click of an insect in the wainscot, 
or the portentous appearance of the 
heavenly bodies. 

So far, it must be allowed, we have 
made a real improvement; but in con- 
sidering the decline of popular usages, 
we ought to distinguish betwixt those 
originating in ignorance, and those 
founded in nature. Many of otir an- 
cient games and holidays were rural 
celebrations, commemorative of the 
return of the seasons; and, as such, 
were not only natural and innocent in 
themselves, but conducive to health 
and good fellowship. Of this descrip- 
tion were the country wakes, the har- 
vest-supper, the feast of sheep-shearing, 
Midsummer-eve rejoicings, the ‘cele- 
bration of the New Year, May-day, 
parochial perambulations, and other 
anniversaries. All these may be traced 
to the earliest times; indeed they are 
coeval with society, and the ancient 
honours paid to Ceres, Bacchus, and 
Saturn, were analogous observances, 
under a different appellation. 

The harvest-supper, or mell-supper 
in the North, is a venerable and joyous 
banquet, in which master and servant, 
after gathering in the fruits of the 
earth, sit down at the same table toa 
plentiful regale, and spend the remain- 
der of the night in dancing and sing- 
ing, without distinction. Both Jews 
and Gentiles observed an annual fes- 
tival of similar import; with the former 
it was termed the Saturnalia, the latter 
the Feast ef the Tabernacles. Thus 
the Scripture—‘Thou shalt observe 
the Feast of the Tabernacles seven 
days, after thou hast gathered in thy 
corn and thy wine. And thou shalt 
rejoice in thy feast, thou and thy son, 
and thy daughter, and thy man-ser- 
vant, and thy maid-servant: and the 
Levite, the stranger, andthe fatherless, 
and the widow, that are within thy 
gates.” Deut. 16.—All this is very 
good, and worthy to be remembered, 
because it shows how mistaken those 
religionists are who would banish po- 
pular recreations, or preserve to them- 
selves those enjoyments which’ they 
only ought to share in common with 
those who provide the entertainment. 
In Staffordshire, on the occasion, 
there is a sport called ‘‘crying the 
mare ;” when the reapers tie together 
the tops of the last blades 6f corn, 
which is mare, and, standing at some 
distance, throw their sickles at it, and 
he who cuts the knot has the prize, 

with 


1822.] 
with acclamations and good cheer. 
In Yorkshire they have a harvest- 
dame; in Bedfordshire a Jack and a 
Gill; in Durham they dress up a 
figure calleda Kern Baby; and per- 
haps in no part of the country was the 
harvest reaped without being comme- 
morated by some mark of rejoicing or 
gratitude. 
The harvest-treasures all 

Now gather’din, beyond the rage of storms, 
Sure to the swain ; the circling fence shut 

ae 
And Sdand winter’s utmost rage defy’d: 
While loose to festive joy the country round 
Laughs with the loud sincerity of mirth, 
Mock to the wind their cares. 

THOMSON. 


Country wakes are another rural fes- 
tival, generally observed formerly in 
the northern and southern parts of the 
country; consisting of feasting, dan- 
cing on the green, wrestling, cudgel- 
ing, and other pastimes. Spelman 
ealls them Bacchanal feasts, the Saxon 
word wak signifying drinking. They 
were originally intended to commemo- 
rate the dedication of the parochial 
church, when the people went to pray 
with lighted torches, and returned to 
feast the remainder of the night. The 
only relics of this jollification are pa- 
rish dinners; and in Yorkshire and 
Lancashire, too, I believe, it is usual 
in autumn, when the working-people 
begin to light up, as it is termed, to 
have a wake-supper. 

May games are of great antiquity, 
and formerly were of general obser- 
vance, especially in the metropolis. 
Stow tells us, in his ‘Survey of Lon- 
don,” that on May-day, in the morn- 
ing, the citizens used to walk “ into 
the sweet meadows and green woods, 
there to rejoice their spirits with the 
beauty and savour of sweet flowers ;” 
and he quotes from Hall an account of 
Henry VIII. riding «a Maying, from 
Greenwich to the high ground of 
Shooter’s-hill, with Queen Katherine, 
accompanied with many lords and 
ladies. He further says, that “‘ every 
parish, or sometimes two or three 
parishes, joining together, had their 
several Mayings, and did fetch in May- 
poles, with diverse warlike shows, 
with good archers, morrice-dancers, 
and other devices, for pastime, all the 
day long; and towards evening they 
had stage-plays and bone-fires in the 
streets.” The May-pole in some vil- 
Jages stood the whole year without 


On Ancient popular Games and Diversions. 


501 


molestation. Our ancestors held an 
anniversary assembly on May-day ; the 
Column of the May was the great 
standard of justice in the Ly-Commons, 
or Fields of May, where the people, if 
they saw cause, deposed or punished 
their governors. JMay-pole seems a 
pleonasm; in French it is simply the 
Mai, which corresponds to the homely 
verse quoted by Mr. Brande, and 
which he says he has frequently heard 
in the streets at Newcastle :— 

Rise up, maidens! fie, for shame, 

I’ve been four long miles from hame, 

I’ve been gathering my garlands gay : 

Rise up, fair maids, and take your May. 
The only remains of May-games in 
the south is Jack-in-the-green, a very 
trumpery representation of the old 
sports. 

On Midsummer-eve fires were light- 
ed, round which the old and the young 
amused themselves with running, dan- 
cing, wrestling, and other rustic amuse- 
ments. The fires were designed to 
scare away birds of prey, dragons, and 
other unwelcome visitors, supposed to 
infest the air about this season. Pa- 
rochial perambulations, or riding the 
parish boundaries, are still observed in 
many country-places, and the nature 
of which may be easily understood. 
Sheep-shearing, next to the harvest- 
home, was a noted time for mirth and 
good cheer. Indeed, it must be al- 
lowed, that “ belly cheer” formed the 
chief element in the enjoyments of 
our ancestors. The common saluta- 
tion of a “good day,” according to 
Mr. Bourne’s interpretation, signified 
no more than “‘a day of plentiful eat- 
ing and drinking,” which satisfactorily 
expounds their notions of earthly 
felicity. 

The advent of the New Year is still 
marked by the observance of some old 
customs; the old year being consi- 
dered well ended by hearty potations, 
and the new by sending presents, 
termed New-year gifts, to friends and 
acquaintances. ‘The . Scotch, being 
proverbially a frugal people, instead 
of presents, bestow kisses on all they 
meet. Young women formerly went 
about with the famous wassail-bowl, 
that is a bowl of spiced ale, on New 
Year’s eve, with some verses, that 
were sung by them in going from door 
to door. Wassail is derived from the 
Anglo Saxon, Wer, hal, that is, “be 
in good health.” They accepted pre- 
sents, of which Selden, in his ‘“‘ Table 

Talk,” 


502 


Talk,” speaks rather maliciously. 
“«They present you (says he,) with a 
cup, and_you must drink of a slab- 
by stuff; but the meaning is, you 
must give them money ten times more 
than itis worth.” Mumming, or mask- 
ing, was also much practised; and 
Stow has preserved an account of a 
remarkable mummery in the manor 
of Kennington, ‘made by the citizens 
for the disport of the young Prince 
Richard, sonne to the Black Prince.” 
Tt is too long for insertion. 

These are a few of the most re- 
markable holidays growing out of 
national causes, and of which the anti- 
quity is so remote that it is almost 
impossible to trace their origin. ‘The 
great festivals of Christmas and Easter 
being connected with religion, an 
account of them is purposely omitted. 
One custom more it may be proper to 
notice, as it will show that charity, ‘as 
well as feasting, occasionally made up 
a part of the entertainment of our an- 
cestors. When any honest man had 
fallen into poverty, he was set up 
again by the contributions of his friends 
at a feast called Bid-ale, from the 
Saxon word Bidden, to pray or suppli- 
cate. It was most used in the west of 
England, and in some counties called 
a Help-ale. At christenings, in the 
north, it is still customary among poor 
people to make collections from the 
guests, to defray the expense of the 
entertainment. 

A good treatise on popular sports 
and games is a desideratum. Mr. 
Bourne’s “‘ Antiquitates Vulgares” is a 
very defective work, and the recent 
addenda to each chapter, by Mr. 
Brand, have by no means supplied its 
deficiencies. ‘The subject requires to 
be treated with some discernment, by 
a mind capable of distinguishing be- 
twixt customs originating in ignorance, 
and those which might be made sub- 
servient to the most beneficial pur- 
poses, ‘The working people, depressed 
by labour, require intervals of relaxa- 
tion ; their daily toil, even in the opi- 
nion of Mr. Malthus, is too intense 
and long continued, and doubtless the 
modern attractions of the gin-shop and 
pot-house would be advantageously 
exchanged for the more healthy diver- 
sions of former ages. ‘‘ Worse prac- 
tices within doors, it is to be feared,” 
as old Stow observed, have succeeded 
the more “‘ open pastimes” of the olden 
time. A revival, therefore, of some 


The Modern Persians and Turks compared. 


[July 1, 
of the ancient sports might be a real 
improvement, and to the writer of this, 
at least, it does not appear 
————That dancing is a Jezabel, 
And barley break the ready way to hell ; 
The Morrice idols, Whitsun-ales, can be 
But prophane relics of a jubilee : 
These,ina zeal t’ express how much they do 
‘The organs hate, have silenc’d bagpipes too; 
And harmless May-poles are all rail’d upon 
As if they were the tow’rs of Babylon. 
RANDOLPR’s POEMS, 1646. 
— 
For the Monthly Magazine. 
MANNERS of the MODERN PERSIANS and 

TuRKS described, and a COMPARISON 

of the PERSIANS with the TURKS; in a 

LETTER f7om a@ MODERN TRAVELLER. 

N seeing the Turks for the first 
time, the European is_ struck, 
but he is not astonished ; his imagina- 
tion is prepared for contrasts. But it 
is not thus, when, having quitted the 
Turkish frontier, he enters the Persian 
territory. At the first village he finds 
every thing so changed as to excite 
his strongest surprize. He can scarce- 
ly conceive that there exist as much 
difference and opposition between 
two nations having the same religion, 
the same despotic system of govern- 
ment, and which are in the same state 
of demi-civilization, as there can be 
between the inhabitants of Vienna 
and those of Constantinople. It would 
be difficult to point out the real cause 
of this; I shall therefore leave it to 
those who are abler than myself to re- 
solve this interesting question; and 
shall only draw, with as much exact- 
ness as I can, a parallel between 
these two nations. 

The Turk is ferocious and con- 
stantly animated with a religious ha- 
tred against every thing which is not 
Mussulman. The foreigner, of what- 
ever nation he may be, is, throughout 
the whole extent of Turkey, regarded 
with contempt and disdain. Inhospi- 
table and proud, the Turk treats the 
tributary subjects of the empire with 
arrogance, and even with brutality. 
He is base and cringing towards those 
above him, supple if you do not fear 
him, and insolent if he sees that you 
stand in awe of him, or are without 
protection. The Persian, on the con- 
trary, is polite to an excess, obliging 
towards strangers ; he in general loves 
to exercise the duties of hospitality ; 
caressing and insinuating, he is ser- 
vile to his equals as to his superiors, 
and always shows a mild and affable 
disposition. 


1822.] 


disposition. ‘The difference exists 
even in the shades of character. ‘The 
Turk is honest when his interest or 
confidence gets the better of his fana- 
ticism, and allows his natural good-will 
to exert itself; you may then rely 
upon him: he makes no vain protesta- 
tions like his neighbour, but devotes 
himself entirely to those whom he 
obliges. The Persian, on the con- 
trary, has only the exterior of kind- 
ness; expect nothing more from him. 
Whether you excite his distrust or not, 
whether he loves or hates you, whe- 
ther he expects or does not expect any 
thing from you, he will seek to de- 
ceive you: he will never keep his pro- 
mises, and you will always be his 
dupe. In a word, the Turk renders a 
service instantly, and without saying 
anything: the Persian speaks much, 
declares with emphasis what he will 
do, and scarcely ever does what he 
professes to intend. 

The Turk, obstinate in his igno- 
rauce, shuts his eyes against the light. 
More credulous than can be conceived, 
he is at the same time suspicious and 
distrustful by instinct. This people, 
transported originally from the banks 
of the Oxus and Iaxartes into the ter- 
ritory inhabited by the Greeks, have 
been for so great a number of years in 
continual contact with the Europeans, 
that one would be led to suppose they 
had acquired milder manners, as well 
as a taste for the arts and sciences; 
but all the suggestions of example, 
aided by all the strength of power, 
would not, I believe, be able to change 
the manners and laws of the haughty 
Ottomans. 

The Persian is distinguished from 
the Turk by more liberal ideas, by a 
Spirit of curiosity, and a love of no- 
velty. Although sometimes under the 
dominion of the Usbeks, and some- 
times under that of the Turcomans or 
the Afghans, he has nevertheless pre- 
served his enthusiasm for the sciences 
and arts. Had there been a more re- 
gular intercourse between this people 
and the Europeans, I doubt not that 
knowledge would have reached a high 
degree of perfection in Persia. The 
Persian loves to be informed, and to 
interrogate foreigners concerning the 
manners and customs of their respec- 
tive countries, the sciences cultivated, 
and the arts practised in them. He 
discovers in them that superiority of 
intelligence, which causes him to es- 


a] 


The Modern Persians and Turks compared. 


503 


teem them, although they are of a reli- 
gion different from his own. The 
Turk, on the other hand, is pleased 
with his own ignorance, and thinks it 
quite beneath him to receive instruc- 
tion from other nations, all of which he 
despises. He believes that the Koran 
contains ail that ought to be learned. 

The Turk is fanatical. The Persiau 
is superstitious without having reli- 
gion, and more tolerant, though more 
strongly attached to the trifling forms 
of worship. The Christians in Persia 
enjoy almost as much liberty as the 
Mussulmans of the lower classes. If 
they are insulted or struck, they may 
not only complain, butmay also defend 
themselves. In Turkey, and espe- 
cially in Romelia, a Greek would be 
punished with death who should dare 
to lift his hand against a Mahometan. 
The same penalty would be paid by the 
bold ci-devant zealot who should at- 
tempt to preach to a Mussulman, and 
convert him to the Christian faith. 
The Turks, it is true, respect the reli- 
gious opinions of foreigners, and no 
people were ever less tormented with 
eagerness, or even desire, to propagate 
the faith of their ancestors. The Per- 
sians pass their lives in dissertations 
on the Koran, and take pleasure in ar- 
guing with the. Christians. They are 
not offended at hearing an irreverent 
proposition against Mahomet or Ali; 
they look upon you with compassion, 
and pity your destiny in not haying 
been born in the true belief. Here the 
national spirit prevails over the spirit 
of religion. 

The Turk does not permit an infidel 
to enter his mosques, except with a 
supreme order, and bare-footed. The 
foreigner, accompanied by an officer of 
the government, has free access, in 
Persia, to the mosques, and may enter 
them in his boots. Nay, in the course 
of our travels, lodgings were appointed 
us, in several villages, in these edifices 
consecrated to public worship. But; 
on the other hand, the Persian is su- 
perstitious in the highest degree. He 
neyer eats with a Christian, touches 
no food prepared by the hands of an 
infidel, and is fearful of defiling himself 
by drinking from the same cup or 
smoking with the same pipe. Taking 
a ride one day in Ispahan, and being 
extremely thirsty, 1 begged a Persian, 
who was passing on foot, to give me a 
little water from a neighbouring foun- 
tain; he filled. me an earthen cup, 

which 


‘ 


504 
which he broke immediately after- 
wards,. because my impure lips had 
touched it. 

The Turk would have drank out of 
the cup after me without ever rinsing 
it. At his table he drinks, without re- 
luctance, what a European may have 
left in his glass. Nevertheless, he 
speaks of a Christian with contempt. 
He will even scruple to extol his own 
religion to him, lest he should profane 
it. The Turkish flag bears the arms of 
the empire on a ground of green, which 
is the colour consecrated by their re- 
ligious traditions. ‘They have a term 
to express this naval ensign, but they 
take especial care not to use the same 
word when speaking of European co- 
lours. For their own they make use of 
the word bairue (flag), and for those of 
foreign nations of patchaoura (dish- 

clout.) 

‘ The Persian barbers never shave an 
infidel. The Turkish ones serve a 
European with pleasure. 

If an Armenian happens to be over- 
taken by a shower, he is obliged to re- 
turn home. Should he have the mis- 
fortune to touch a disciple of Ali, he 
would be ill-used, through the whimsi- 
eal idea of the Persians, who believe 
that the dampness of the garments is 
contagious, and renders them impure. 
Still this same Persian, so furious to 
an Armenian who touches him, does 
not reproach him for his religion. He 
distinguishes every people, whether 
tributary or not, by their national de- 

‘nomination; while the Ottoman con- 
founds them all under the emphatic ap- 
pellation of Giaour, which is continu- 
ally in his mouth. 

The Persian, though naturally ac- 
tive, accustoms himself to idleness. 
There are to be seen in the anticham- 
bers of the great a vast number of 
lackeys, who prefer serving for a little 
food and clothes to applying themselves 
to agriculture or working at a trade. 
The Turk, whose disposition is indo- 
lent, finds the greatest pleasure in lying 
extended upon a sofa. Limagine that 
the number and size of his habiliments 
contribute to make him take so much 
delight in softness and repose. 

{t is the stupid ferocity of the Turk 
which renders him courageous. He 
goes to the combat with resolution, 
and defends himself to the last extre- 
mity in a besieged place, under the 
idea that he is fighting for his religion, 
and shall obtain the martyr’s crown. 
The Persian believes in predestination 


The Modern Persians and Turks compared. 


[July 1, 
like the Turk, and is as good a soldier, 
but his lighter arms do not protect 
him so well. ‘The Turk fights through 
fanaticism, the Persian through in- 
terest. The latter exposes himself to 
danger only when he is well paid, and 
is not brave until after a victory. 
These two nations rarely present any 
examples of that elevated courage, 
those generous and noble sentiments, 
which strike upon every mind and 
electrify a whole multitude. ‘They are 
never inspired by the love of country. 
Honour is a word unknown amongst 
them. The opinion, received even 
from infancy by the people of Europe, 
that a heartless man is debased, de- 
graded, and no longer worthy to see 
the light, never once entered the minds 
of the Turks and Persians. 

There is, however, a sort of tradi- 
tional courage among the. Janissaries 
which the Persians cannot have, be- 
cause their military organization is en- 
tirely different. The institution of the 
Janissaries, in the end, accelerated the 
ruin of the empire which it had raised ; 
and to it, as much as to the clergy, is 
to be attributed that repugnance to- 
wards the arts and learning of Eu- 
rope which precipitated the unfortunate 
Sultan Selim from the throne. The 
Janissaries always see their ruin in the 
adoption of European customs, This 
obstacle does not exist amongst the 
Persians : thus they have adopted the 
nizamdjedid with as much zeal as the 
Turks have shown in resisting the 
introduction of our tactics. But the 
Persians have not, to defend them- 
selves against the Russians, a corps 
possessing the bravery and devotion of 
an army of janissaries. 

In Persia, the first vizier is generally 
a mirza, and is not expected to com- 
mand the armies. In Turkey, he is 
most frequently a man who has risen 
from nothing, and is obliged to put 
himself at the head of the troops 
whenever war is declared. 

The military virtue of the Persians 
does not prevent them from being in- 
different and cruel. The Turk has a 
sensibility coming from the heart, and 
often takes pleasure in succourinug his 
fellow-creature ; his beneficence ex- 
tends even to animals. The Persian’s 
sensibility is confined to his head: his 
heart is extremely callous; and he 
rarely stretches out a helping hand to 
the unfortunate, or even deigns to be- 
stow a look upon him. 

The Persian is as confident in poli- 
tics 


1822.] 
tics as the Turk is suspicious. If a 
Eurcpean, excited by the desire of in- 
formation, or by mere curiosity, tra- 
verses any remote province of the 
Ottoman empire, the Turk sees in him 
nothing but a spy sent to reconnoitre 
his country, and to serve as a guide to 
an army coming to drive him from it. 
He watches every action, follows each 
motion of the traveller, who, finding 
fresh obstacles at every step, will 
abandon his project if he be not sus- 
tained by the most persevering resolu- 
tion, and the most unshaken courage. 
This distrust scarcely ever troubles the 
minds of the Persians. A stranger 
may go through the countries which 
they inhabit, and examine them with 
attention, without exciting the least 
suspicion by his curiosity. The go- 
vernment even carries its confidence 
so far, that, notwithstanding the war it 
is carrying on against the Russians, 
the communications are not inter- 
rupted. The caravans go from the 
interior of Persia into Georgia; the 
Russian vessels touch on the coasts of 
Guilan and Mazanderan; the Russians 
have secret correspondences with Ar- 
menians, and even with Persians, and 
yet the government testifies no disquie- 
tude. To what is this tranquillity to 
be attributed? To the constitution of 
the government, or to its supineness ? 
Weakness cannot be exempt from sus- 
picions, it has too many enemies to fear. 
The present war between the Rus- 
sians and the Persians affords an op- 
portunity of remarking the phlegmatic 
character of the latter people. Every 
thing most dear to them, their wives, 
their religion, their property, is threa- 
tened. They resist with all the strength 
they possess, but without fanaticism, 
without that inveterate hatred which 
inflames the courage of the Turks when 
they have tofight agaiustthe Christians. 
———- 
To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. 
SIR, 
AVING inserted in your last 
number, p. 403, some particulars 
relative to the gooseberry caterpillar, 
I forward a few additional remarks, 
which may be interesting to those who 
wish for information respecting this 
destructive insect. Its scientific name 
is the Tenthredo eapree of Linneus. 
Towards the latter end of March, if 
the weather is favourable, it makes its 
first appearance, and may be observed 
early in the morning, if the sun shines, 
hovering over, and occasionally rest- 
Montuiy Mac. No. 369. 


Remarks relative to the Gooseberry Caterpillar. 


505 


ing upon, the gooseberry-trees. The 
eggs are laid upon the veins of the un- 
derside of the leaves, beautifully ar- 
ranged like a necklace of small white 
beads. On or about the tenth day 
they are hatched: at first they are so 
minute as to be scareely visible ; but, 
increasing rapidly in size, their vo- 
racity is such as soon to destroy the 
foliage of the tree. They remain in 
the larva or caterpillar state from ten 
to fourteen days, and then, dropping to 
the earth, change into a small brown 
chrysalis, in which state they remain 
from fourteen to seventeen days, and 
then come forth in their fly, or perfect 
state, which in two or three days 
lay eggs; thus producing a second 
brood, which is followed by a third or 
fourth, according to_circumstances of 
season, Xe. 

The best mode of destroying them is 
by a careful observation of the time 
when they are hatched, which may be 
easily ascertained by the perforation 
made in the leaves by the young larva. 
Children should then be employed in 
picking off every leaf, by which a 
whole nest is at once destroyed before 
their ravages have much extended. 
Protected under the leaves, no fluid 
can reach them, and smoking with 
tobacco is by no means efficacious, in- 
dependent of the difficulties and ex- 
pence of doing it to any considerable 
degree. By adopting the above sim- 
ple method, I have secured my crop of 
gooseberries, when others have se- 
verely suffered. One other hint I 
would suggest, namely, in the winter, 
taking up each tree, clearing its roots 
of soil, and transplanting it in entirely 
fresh ground, then pouring boiling wa- 
ter in quantities in and about the bed 
from whence each tree was taken. 
This will probably scald and destroy 
the numberless chrysales buried three 
or four inches beneath the soil: I con- 
ceive nothing but boiling water will 
produce the desired effect, as the 
chysalis is defended by a very strong 
case, and moreover so enveloped in 
little nodules of soil, (on which ac- 
count it is almost impossible to disco- 
ver them,) that it requires a very pow- 
erful application to destroy vitality. 
Rectory, June 3. 8. Y¥ 


eee 
For the Monthly Magazine. 
ADDITIONAL REMARKS on LORD 
BOLINGBROKE. 
N that most celebrated of political 
tracts, ‘‘The Idea of a Patriot 
38 King,” 


506 
King,” Lord B,. declares, and _ his il- 
lustrious pupil was equally ready to 
admit, “the institution of monarchy 
to be founded in the common rights 
and interests of mankind. So plain a 
matter (says the noble writer,) could 
never haye been rendered intricate and 
voluminous, had it not been for lawless 
ambition and extravagant vanity, 
abetted by adulation and superstition. 
In this case, therefore, as in all those 
of great concernment, the shortest and 
the surest method of arriving at real 
knowledge is to re-mount to first 
principles ; for, itis about them, that 
almost all the juggling and legerde- 
main employed by men, whose trade it 
is to deceive, are set to work. Now 
he who does so, will discover soon, 
that the notions concerning the divine 
institution and right of kings, as well 
as the absolute power belonging to 
their office, have no foundation in fact 
or reason, but have risen from an old 
alliance between ecclesiastical and 
civil policy. Priests have been taught 
by experience, that the best method to 
preserve their own rank, dignity, 
wealth, and power, all raised upon a 
supposed divine right, is to communi- 
cate the same pretension to kings. 
And in the state, as well as the church, 
these pretensions to a divine right 
have been generally carried highest by 
those who have had the least preten- 
sion to the divine favour.”—pp. 73-76. 

“God has instituted neither mo- 
narchy, nor aristocracy, nor demo- 
cracy, nor mixed government; yet, by 
the general laws of his kingdom, He 
exacts our obedience to the laws of 
those communities to which each of us 
is attached by birth, or to which we 
may be attached by a subsequent and 
lawful engagement. From such plain 
reasoning the just authority of kings, 
and the due obedience of subjects, 
may be deduced with the utmost cer- 
tainty : and surely it is far better for 
kings themselves to have their autho- 
rity thus founded on principles incon- 
testible, and on fair deductions from 
them, than on the chimeras of mad- 
men, or, what has been more common, 
the sophisms of knaves.”—p. 81-2. 

“ Reverence for government obliges 
to reverence governors who, for the 
sake of it, are raised above the level 
of othermen. But reverence for go- 
vernors, independently of government, 
any further ‘than reverence would be 


due to their virtues if they were private 


men, is preposterous and repugnant to 


Remarks on Lord Bolingbroke concluded. 


[July 1, 
common sense. As wellmight we say 
that a ship is built, and loaded, and 
manned, for the sake of any particular 
pilot, instead of acknowledging that 
the pilot is made for the sake of the 
ship, her lading, and her crew, who 
are always the owners in the political 
vessel, as to say that kingdoms were 
instituted for kings, not kings for king- 
doms. All this is as true of hereditary 
as of elective monarchy ; though the 
scribblers for tyranny, under thename 
of monarchy, would have us believe 
that there is something more august 
and more sacred in the one than the 
other. They are sacred alike; and 
this attribute is to be ascribed or not 
ascribed to them, as they answer or do 
not answer the ends of their institu- 
tion.”—p. 83. 

“Nothing can be more absurd in 
pure speculation than an hereditary 
right in any mortal to govern other 
men ; and yet, in practice, nothing can 
be more absurd than to have a king to 
chuse at every vacancy of a throne. 
For in elective monarchies these elec- 
tions, whether well or ill made, are 
often attended with such national ca- 
lamities that even the best reigns can- 
not make amends for them; whereas, 
in hereditary monarchy, whether a 
good or a bad prince succeeds, these 
calamities are avoided. We may la- 
ment the imperfections of our human 
state, which is such thatin cases of the 
utmost importance to the order and 
good government of society, we are 
reduced by the very constitution of 
our nature to have no part to take that 
our reason can approve absolutely, 
But, though we lament it, we must sub- 
mit to it. We must tell ourselves, 
once for all, that perfect schemes are 
not adapted to our imperfect state. 
As I think, therefore, a limited mo- 
narchy the best of governments, so I 
think an hereditary monarchy the best 
of monarchies. I say a limited mo- 
narchy, for an unlimited monarchy, 
wherein arbitrary will stands instead 
of all rule of government, must be al- 
lowed so great an absurdity that it 
seems fitter for savages than for civi- 
lized people.”—p. 85. 

“JT will say, with confidence, that 
no principles but these, and such as 
these, can be advanced which deserve 
to be- treated seriously; though Mr. 
Locke condescended to examine those 
of Filmer, more out of regard to the 
prejudices of the times, than the im- 
portance of the work. Thegood of the 
people 


1822.] 


people is the ultimate and true end of 
government. Governors are therefore 
appointed for this end; and, the civil 
constitution which appoints them, and 
invests them with their power, is de- 
termined to do so by that law of nature 
and reason which has determined the 
ends of government, and which admits 
this form of government as the proper 
means of arriving at it. Now, the 
greatest good of a people is their 
liberty. Withoutliberty, no happiness 
can be enjoyed by society. The obli- 
gation, therefore, to defend and main- 
tain the freedom of such constitutions, 
will appear most sacred to a patriot 
king. The constitution will be consi- 
dered by him as one law consisting of 
two tables, containing the rule of his 
government and the measure of his 
subjects’ obedience: or as one system 
composed of different parts, and pow- 
ers, but all duly proportioned to one 
another, and conspiring by their har- 
mony to the perfection of the whole. 
He will make one, and but one, dis- 
tinction between his rights and those 
of his people: he will look upon his to 
be a trust, and theirs a property. He 
will discern that he can have a right 
to no more thanis entrusted to him by 
the constitution. In fine, the consti- 
tution will be reverenced by him as 
the law of God and of man, the force 
of which binds the king as much as the 
meanest subject.”—pp. 110-114. 
‘Thus he will think, and on these 
principles he will act, whether he come 
to the throne by immediate or remote 
election. For in hereditary monar- 
chies, where men are not elected, fami- 
lies are; and, therefore, some authors 
would have it believed, that, when a 
family has been once admitted, and 
an hereditary right to the crown once 
recognized in it, that right cannot be 
forfeited, nor that throne become va- 
cant, as long as any heir’ of the family 
remains. How much more agreeable 
to truth and to common sense would 
these authors have written, if they had 
maintained that “every prince, who 
comes to a crown in the course of suc- 
cession, were he the last of five hun- 
dred, comes to it under the same con- 
ditions under which the first took it, 
whether expressed or implied. The 
first and the last hold by the same 
tenure. <A patriot king will never 
countenance such impertinent falla- 
cies, or deign to lean on broken reeds.” 
p- 115. The question is at issue. 
Are these first truths of government, 


Remarks on Lord Boling broke concluded. 


507 


or “the cant of hypocrisy and en- 
thusiasm ?” 

On that unconstitutional and still 
increasing influence of the crown so 
forcibly deprecated by Lord B. itis an 
alarming characteristic, that the means 
of counter-action diminish in an exact 
ratio to its enlargement: and we know 
that the forms of a free constitution 
may remain, as did those of Athens 
and Rome, long after its actual and 
irrecoverable subversion. 

King George II. inherited all the po- 
litical principles and predilections of 
his father ; and, under his reign, the 
same system of parliamentary influ- 
ence and electoral ambition prevailed, 
modified, indeed, as circumstances 
would admit, by the sagacity of Wal- 
pole and the integrity of Pelham. So 
mildly and beneficially was this influ- 
ence exerted by the latter, that reform 
in the state was no longer thought of. 
“The Whigs, (says Lord B. with ad- 
mirable penetration,) were so intent 
on the means of establishing their do- 
minion under the government, and 
with the favour of a family who were 
foreigners, that they did not advert in 
time to the necessary consequences of 
the measures they adopted. Nor did 
they consider that the power they 
raised, and by which they hoped to 
govern the country, would govern 
them with the very rod of iron they 
forged, and would be the power of a 
prince or minister, not long that of a 
party.” 

During the height of the Walpole 
ascendency the Tories, weary of a 
long and unjust proscription, began to 
attach themselves to the Prince of 
Wales, then in opposition to the court; 
and, under their new denomination of 
“the Country Party,” they seemed to 
surpass their allies the Whig patriots 
themselves, in their zeal for liberty, and 
in the vehemence of their declamation 
against standing armies, septennial 
parliaments, public debts, excise laws, 
continental wars, subsidy treaties, and 
the whole detested system of Hanove- 
rian politics. Their efforts also were 
unwearied to enforce the remedial 
measures of triennial parliaments, 
place and pension bills. 

But, on the general reconciliation of 
the Whigs under Mr. Pelham, and the 
consequent decline of opposition, the 
social and political circle of Leicester- 
house became much contracted. In 
this state of things the Prince of Wales 
was, by a fatal stroke, of which the 

whole 


508 


whole world was destined to feel the 
effects, carried off in the meridian of 
life; the princess-dowager and her 
son, Prince George, then in his 13th 
year, being left entirely in the hands 
of the Tories; and, among those who 
composed her secluded court, it was 
soon perceived that she placed her 
chief, or rather her sole, confidence in 
the Earl of Bute; the Earls Harcourt 
and Waldegrave, successively gover- 
nors of the prince, and noblemen of 
distinguished merit and accomplish- 
ments, being by their own confession 
mere cyphers. 

In Oct. 1760, died King George IT. 
leaving the nation in a state of great 
internal and external prosperity. The 
Whigs in power, united by a recent 
coalition, had, by a wonderful series of 
successes, risen to unexampled popu- 
larity. Parliamentary opposition was 
no more. As a political party, the 
Tories were scarcely remembered, and 
the political proscription, therefore, of 
that once obnoxious party had quietly 
and silently expired. Nota shadow of 
rational inducement existed to hazard 
the smallest innovation in the general 
system of government, when the great- 
est was resolved upon. George III. 
had been early taught to believe, that 
the Whigs had kept the crown in a 
state of thraldom, which he ought to 
shake off; and it was, as we are told, 
the often repeated admonition of the 
mother-princess, ‘George be king.” 
Of the new plan there cannot be a 
better illustration in a short compass 
than is exhibited in the following ex- 
tract of a letter from that most obse- 
quious of political parasites, Bubb 
Doddington, early in this reign created 
Lord Melcombe, to his patron the Earl 
of Bute, twomonthsscarcely subsequent 
to the accession of the new monarch. 

““The more I think of the conversa- 
tion of last Saturday about single 
resignations, or even combined ag- 
gression, the more I am confirmed in 
my opinion, that nothing should be 
done that can jusily be imputed to pre- 
cipitation, nothing be delayed that can 
be imputed to fear of them. This I 
say in case of aggression, which I 
think and hope will never happen. 
However, as I think they will drop off 
ere long, you will be pleased to think, 
only with yourself and your royal 
master, of proper persons to fill up the 
first rank with you, in case of death or 
desertion. Remember, my noble and 
generous friend, that to recover mo- 


Particulars concerning the University of Cambridge. 


[July 1, 
narchy from the inveterate usurpation 
of oligarchy, is a point too arduous 
and important to be achieved without 
much difficulty and some degree of 
danger; though none but what atten- 
tive moderation and unalterable firm- 
ness will certainly surmount.” It is 
superfluous to observe, that, in a very 
shorttime, allthe Whigs who disdained 
to act in subordination to the Tories, 
and in conformity to the high monar- 
chical principles now revived; were 
discarded without ceremony by the 
operation of that identical influence, 
which having been for their own ad- 
vantage fostered and organized by 
themselves, was now at once trans- 
ferred totheir antagonists; and, though 
no monarch was less capable than 
Geo. III. of any fixed design of sub- 
verting the constitution, or of delibe- 
rately acting wrong, ‘except when, 
(as Lord Waldegrave observes,) he 
mistook wrong for right,” itis equally 
true that no reign was ever more 
strongly marked, or its appalling re- 
sults more evidently determined, by 
the principles, the passions, and the 
prejudices of the sovereign. No one 
succeeded to the ascendancy whick 
Lord Bute had early acquired and 
long maintained over the king’s mind, 
and those only who concurred in the 
opinions of the monarch were the real 
favourites to the conclusion of his 
reign.” 

* ,” Vide Nichols’s Recollections, Lord 
Melcome’s Diary, E. Waldegrave’s Me- 
moirs, Bp. Watson’s Life, &c. &c. 


—— 
To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. 
SIR, 
OME of your last numbers have 
contained several particulars con- 
cerning the University of Cambridge: 
the letter of Cantabrigiensis, in your 
last, certainly, in some measure, re- 
futed the charges brought forward by 
the North American reviewers: but 
many accusations may yet be preferred 
against it, and truly substantiated. 
It would be ridiculous to deny that 
this justly celebrated university is the 
principal nursery of mathematical sci- 
ence in the world; for the successful 
pursuit of the higher branches it must, 
however, yield the palm to France and 
Scotland. The works of Laplace, of 
Legendre, and of Lacroix, are compa- 
ratively little known there: such a - 
blind and superstitious reverence is 
entertained for the name of Newton, 
that, generally speaking, the lucid ar- 
rangements 


1822.] 


rangements and the splendid analyti- 
cal discoveries of continental philoso- 
phers are rejected ; and, should there 
be found a student willing to substitute 
clumsy lucubrations for the elegant 
theories of Poisson, or Lacroix, the 
attempt is discouraged, and the un- 
fortunate youth encounters the ridi- 
cule of the college tutor.* There are, 
however, some few exceptions to be 
made, the chief of which is Trinity 
Colleze, the members of which are 
justly famed for their liberality and 
their deep and extensive learning. 
These observations are made, by-the- 
bye, as they are connected with this 
university, and are interesting. The 
first abuse which shall be mentioned is 
the system of (as it is technically 
called,) degrading. Any student, if 
he think proper, may protract the pe- 
riod of bis undergraduateship a year or 
more. ‘This liberty, in cases of sick- 
ness and misfortune, is very proper, 
and only fair; but what can be said 
when the tutors of a college are noto- 
rious for recommending an unjust use 
of this advantage. The benefit which 
a year’s additional study must confer 
upon a man, after having for three 
years regularly applied himself, is in- 
calculable: itis contrary to every idea 
of justice to imagine, that there is any 
thing like fair competition when he 
contends with men of three years’ 
standing, whilst he has perhaps been 
applying himself with the utmost dili- 
gence for four years. In many in- 
stances a person of this description has 
obtained the highest honour. What 
can be the feelings of the man who is 
next in the tripos? through life, he 
must consider himself unjustly de- 
prived of what ought to have been his 
right, and to have been deeply injured. 
It cannot be said that the system which 
permits these abuses is an impartial 
one: it is not calculated to lay claim 
to that confidence with which it endea- 
yours to inspire the public, nor must its 
directors and members manifest that 
angry disposition when the validity of 
their pretensions is called into ques- 
tion. The space of time allowed is 
fully sufficient; in that period the 
mind may become amply stored with 
sound and useful learning ; therefore, 
except under circumstances which 
have been already alluded to, there is 


* This has repeatedly happened in the 
lecture-room of St. John’s, particularly in 
the lectures on algebra and fluxions, 


Strictures on Cambridge Education. 


509 


not the slightest excuse for any tutor 
who can deliberately advise his pupil 
to act thus meanly and ungenerously. 
There ought to be some positive law 
to prevent this evil; in the awards of 
literary prizes and honours, the most 
trivial appearance of partiality is to be 
avoided, or the purposes of scientific 
emulation must be defeated. It must, 
undoubtedly, produce the worst con- 
sequences ; the endeavours of the can- 
didates, whilst preparing themselves, 
will be relaxed ; they will feel discou- 
raged when they ought to be ani- 
mated, in an eminent degree, by the 
hope of success, and by the certain 
prospect that their failure can only be 
atiributed to themselves. An honour- 
able exception has already been made 
in ope instance: in the present case 
the members of Trinity must again be 
held up to praise and admiration. 
Another cause, productive of the most 
serious mischief, will now be men- 
tioned. In every college there are 
two or three lecturers, who daily exa- 
mine the students in the different sub- 
jects of science and philosophy ; every 
one may, therefore, perceive his actual 
progress; and of course his future con- 
duct is accordingly regulated. But, 
in addition to these, there are private 
tutors, who, at a most enormous ex- 
pence, cram their pupils for the lec- 
tures and the examinations. That 
this matter may be more distinctly 
understood, it is to be known, that the 
private tutor spends one hour per day 
with his pupil, for which he charges 
15 or 201. per term; a term may be 
averaged at nine or ten weeks, and 
even less, when the saint days and the 
vacations, during which no lectures 
are given, are taken into consideration. 
The charge for reading with a private 
tutor during the long vacation (three 
months being given to the pupil by the 
tutor, in the method just mentioned,)is 
estimated at’70l. Thus, itis perceived, 
that the necessary expences of college 
education (in themselves not trifling,) 
are increased to a serious amount. 
By far the greater number of the under- 
graduates of St. John’s and Trinity 
are sizers, men of inferior fortunes, and 
who, of course, are unable to enjoy the 
advantages enjoyed by their more for- 
tunate fellow-students. They are 
unable to avail themselves of that con- 
ciseness and elegance which a tutor can 
communicate, and which is so-highly 
useful in theoretical parts of mathema- 
tics. Whilst they are pining in obscu- 

rity, 


510 


rity, and surrounded with difficulties, 
the lordly sons of pride and indolence, 
who are frequently destitute of real 
talents, and who only pass their aca- 
demical career (if their dissipation 
and waste of time deserve the name,) 
undistinguished by aught, save the 
most impenetrable dulness and stupi- 
dity, possess the most valuable oppor- 
tunities to acquire information. How- 
ever it may be disputed in politics, itis 
unquestionably true, that the principles 
by which literary societies are governed 
ought to be purely republican: there 
ought to be no difference of rank ; the 
casual superiority which wealth be- 
stows upon its possessors ought not here 
to be acknowledged. Should it happen 
that a disposition to lord it over those 
in humbler circumstances is percepti- 
ble, it ought to be checked and dis- 
couraged: Every member, during the 
time of his probation, has an un- 
doubted right to obtain the same assist- 
ance with his neighbour: no distinction 
should be suffered to take place, ex- 
cept the distinction of merits and cha- 
racter. Many there are who are men 
of the most undoubted genius, and 
whose circumstances make it necessary 
for them to adopt the most rigid eco- 
nomy; these are the men. who are 
most in want of the emoluments which 
are to be derived from successful appli- 
cation and unwearied perseverance. 
The mental fatigue which cannot but 
be endured by all who seriously apply 
themselves to scientific subjects, ought 
to meet with some consideration ; and, 
what must be the feelings of that man, 
who has wasted his youthful vigour, 
and ruined his constitution, in pre- 
paring for an unsuccessful struggle 
against one who is a degraded man, 
and who, from his circumstances, has 
been able to avail himself of every ex- 
traneous assistance?) Hehasto launch 
into the world in no very proper state 
to combat with difficulty: his friends 
are disappointed ; and, in a young and 
ardent mind, this circumstance alone 
is sufficient to unman him, and to ab- 
stract from his character every thing 
noble and decisive. Many, however, 
must be disappointed, yet it is de- 
sirable that there should be nothing 
beyond the disappointment to add 
poignancy to that deep sense of pain 
which must be felt, to be justly appre- 
ciated. It is also to be wished that a 
successful candidate should not be 
considered with the feelings allied to 
jealousy and envy ; in fact, a noble and 


Particulars concerning the University of Cambridge. [July 1, 


generous mind would disdain to accept 
an honorary character where it is open 
to the slightest imputation. Nothing 
can be more natural, or perhaps justi- 
fiable, than for any man to make use 
of every advantage which may be ac- 
quired without violating his moral 
duty ; and there exists not the remotest 
idea of throwing blame upon those 
who are thus eminently successful. 
But some provision should be made by 
the university at large: it should do 
away with the necessity of private tu- 
tors, except in cases of extraordinary 
dulness ; and perhaps persons of this un- 
fortunate cast have no business in an 
university. Again, the system of in- 
struction is too wide and indefinite ; the 
grand and final examination, as is well 
known, is an examination throughout 
the range of pure mathematics and the 
branches of natural philosophy. 

There have, of late years, been pub- 
lished about thirty volumes on the dif- 
ferent parts of the mathematics, by 
members of the university of Cam- 
bridge ; out of many, or perhaps out of 
the whole of which, are proposed, pro- 
blems and theorems. It is truethatthe 
Substance of these books must, in 
many respects, be alike ; yet the appli- 
cation of their principles is as boundless 
as the universe. The university of 
Cambridge is in possession of a course 
of mathematics which has now been 
written some time; if it be a course in- 
tended for students in the university, 
it ought undoubtedly to be the text- 
book of the examination. Many, per- 
haps, think that the treatises just re- 
ferred to are too scanty, why then is 
not an entirely new course given from 
the university press. If any one will 
take the trouble to examine the differ- 
ent selections of problems, he will find 
there are many proposed, for the prin- 
ciples of which it would be in vain to 
look in the works of Vince or Wood. 
Let it be imagined, that the student ap- 
plies himself with the most unremitting 
diligence: he is in danger of reading 
what may be of no service to himin the 
finalexamination. Ifitwere proposed to 
him what to read, and if the scrutiny 
were confined to that course, and to 
that course only: if he enjoyed every 
advantage possessed by his fellow- 
students, and if the time allowed to 
every man were invariably the same, 
then it might be truly said, that there 
is nothing unfair or impartial. In 
these three grand particulars, the dis- 
cipline of the university is notoriously 

deficient ; 


1822.) 


deficient ; it cannot, therefore, claim a 
right to unqualified admiration. I 
have already said, that the analytical 
system is, in many instances, discou- 
raged, and that there is no proportion- 
ate advancement.of the mathematical 
sciences. The late professor Milner 
did nothing; when he was a young 
man, in the ardour of youthful appli- 
cation, he made a few discoveries re- 
specting the limits of the roots of 
equations; but, after his election to 
the professorship of mathematics, he 
seemed entirely to neglect them. 
With the present professor the case is 
different; he has admirably -endea- 
voured to introduce the new calculus 
which, in the hands of Lagrange and 
Laplace, produced such astonishing 
effects in physical science. The right 
to make the foregoing observations 
cannot be denied: the universities de- 
rive their existence and their support 
from the public; not their pecuniary 


support, but that support connected, 


with their very existence, viz. the 
younger members of the public. They 
undoubtedly ought to be regulated, or 
at least to be examined, by public 
opinion ; and, it surely is not unreason- 
able to be curious concerning those in- 
stitutions where the efficient members 
of the commonwealth are educated, 
and where such claims are incessantly 
held out to public confidence and ad- 
miration. A JOHNONIAN. 

London. 

——— 
For the Monthly Magazine. 
OBSERVATIONS on BRAZIL, by BARON 
LANGSDORF, RUSSIAN CONSUL-GENE- 
RAL im that COUNTRY. 
AVING been called upon by 
friends and strangers, I here 
give them, as an answer to their re- 
peated enquiries, the following obser- 
vations on Brazil, which they have to 
consider as the result of a seven years’ 
residence in the province of Rio 
Janeiro. 

I have written these observations 
principally with reference to those 
who wish to settle in Brazil. But I 
have no intention to persuade my 
German countrymen to emigrate thi- 
ther, but simply to call their attention 
to a country, which, being almost as 
yet unknown, is quite as extensive as 
Europe ; a country, upon which, for 
the last twelve years, the eyes of the 
rest of the civilized world have been 
directed. 

I shall attempt to display to those 


Observations on Brazil; by Baron Langsdorf. 


511 


who might otherwise be desirous of 
leaving their own land, the advan- 
tages, as well as the disadvantages, 
which they would have to encounter 
in emigrating to that country. 

Without entering into political to- 
pics, I will only endeavour to shew to 
those colonists, who wish to settle 
there, that it is the interest of every 
wise government to protect its sub- 
jects; but, in a less populous state, to 
look to the increase of the population 
and the industry arising from it; for 
which reason, the Portuguese govern- 
ment ought to favour the emigration 
to the country. 

The new political events in Portu- 
gal can have no injurious effect on 
the emigrants ; for, as strangers, they 
must be treated with friendship and 
lenity under every form of government. 
Whoever knows the connexion be- 
tween Portugal and Brazil, must bé 
aware that the small kingdom of Por- 
tugal will, without foreign aid, scarcely 
be able to maintain itself; whilst the 
large and wealthy kingdom of Brazil 
may very well subsist by its own re- 
sources. 

The Portuguese nation, proud and 
ambitious in her greatness and glory, 
from the discovery of the East Indies 
down to our times, felt herself op- 
pressed and offended under a foreign 
mercantile yoke, shook it off without 
bloodshed, and without example, in 
the midstof these political revolutions, 
and a new form of government, dis- 
played with great firmness her attach- 
ment to her king and his family. 

These well-known events in Portu- 
gal, and the consequence arising from 
them for Brazil, can have no other in- 
fluence on the new colonists, but the 
better protection of their property under 
a more stable form of government, and 
their enterprizes being more promoted. 
Whilst we have noticed for some years 
past, in the Spanish possessions of 
South America, discord, civil war, 
bloodshed, and a complete dissolution 
between the mother-country and her 
colonies, I am of opinion that the na- 
tural ties between Portugal and Brazil 
will only be more rivetted together. 
Nay, I am firmly convinced, that, at all 
events, the kingdom of Brazil, founded 
by John VI. will sooner or later arrive 


to the highest summit of power and 


prosperity. 

I will now proceed to describe the 
situation, climate, produce, and ferti- 
lity of Brazil; then call the attention 

of 


512 


of those who may wish to settle there, 
to the advantages and disadvantages 
that await their enterprise ; and finally 
develop the causes why this part of the 
world is preferable to any other. 

The province of Rio Janeiro con- 
tains lands both within and without the 
tropic, that is, in the moderate zone, 
The climate in this province is there- 
fore cooler than in the other provinces 
situated near the equator ; and, at the 
same time, warmer than the more 
southern states of Brazil. To thismay 
be added, that the province of Rio 
Janeiro (with the exception of the 
district of Joyatacasas or Campos,) is 
mountainous, for which reason it may 
be properly divided into high and moun- 
tainous, and low flat parts. In the 
latter the heat is quite as great as in the 
tropical countries ; thence may be seen 
in the Campos, and in the immediate 
vicinity of the capital, and in some 
other lower parts near the coast, plan- 
tations of colonial produce, such as 
sugar, coffee, cotton, indigo, cocoa, 
rice, tobacco, &c. They have also 
begun to transplant the various pre- 
cious produce of other hot countries ; 
and in the vicinity of Rio Janeiro 
may already be seen all the spice trees 
of India, the cinnamon-tree, the clove, 
the pepper-plant, ginger, cardamon, 
and many excellent fruit-trees from 
the East and the South-sea, such as the 
tea-shrub and the bread fruit-tree, all 
of which thrive uncommonly well. 

On the hills, which are nearly 3000 
feet high, and covered to the tops with 
aged and impenetrable forests, and in 
the fruitful and delightful valleys wa- 
tered by clear rivulets, the temperature 
is very moderate; the produce is very 
different from that in the plains. 

Here in the thick forests game is 
easily found, and a great variety of 
precious woods, and valuable barks 
and roots, which may be used in the 
construction of houses, casks, canoes, 
furniture, &c. Some of them are me- 
dicinal, suchas Indianbark, guaiacum, 
ipecacuanha ; others are used for dying, 
or for food, such as the palm-tree, and 
for making charcoal. Nor is there in 
these forests a want of agreeable wild 
fruit; and, if the tree is too high to be 
climbed, it is cut off, merely for the 
fruit! In these high districts, where 
the timber has been cut down, all ve- 
getables and fruit-trees from the south 
of Europe thrive, such as the peach, 
fiz, quince, and apple-tree, the vine, 
the strawberry, and many others ; in 

2 


Observations on Brazil; by Baron Langsdorf. 


[July 1, 
a word, the natural situation, the cli- 
mate, and the productions of the coun~ 
try, together with those exotics that 
either have been, or may yet be mtro- 
duced, make the province of Rio 
Janeiro the richest and most inde- 
pendent in the world. 

Here they feel neither the cold of an 
European winter, nor the continued 
and oppressive heat of an actually 
tropical climate ; they want. neither 
stoye nor hearth to warm their houses. 
With a clean shirt, a light pair of 
trowsers, a jacket, and a pair of shoes, 
a man is dressed both warmly and de- 
cently enough; the lower orders even 
dispense with shoes and stockings. 

Snow and ice are not even known 
by name. A house or cottage built 
with boards, and covered with straw, is 
sufficient protection against the incle- 
mencies of the weather. The traveller 
in that country puts up at nightwitha 
shed or barn open on all sides, called 
in Brazil a rancho, which, being 
covered with straw or tiles, affords him 
the necessary shelter against the nox- 
ious morning dews. 

An eternal summer scems to reign all 
around. The lengths of the days and 
nights do not materially alter, which, 
with little exception, are each of 
twelve hours’ duration. In summer, 
when the days are about two hours 
longer, there are frequent shewers, 
with thunder; the winter, which in its 
temperature resembles our European 
summer, is generally dry. There is 
no shedding-trees in the forests; but, on 
the other hand, the trees are per- 
petually covered with foliage, and 
clothed with beautiful blossoms, whic 
seem to change their colours every 
month, 

All that language can adduce would 
convey but an inadequate idea of the 
beauty and luxuriance of this scenery. 
The poetic imagination would here 
find ample scope for the indulgence of 
its favourite pursuits; and even the 
coolest and most insensible mind would 
here be gratified with objects, which 
would at once arouse him from his 
indifference. 

There is scarcely a day in the year 
not calculated forsowing. The harvest 
follows without farther care or toil. 

hoever has planted or sown is sure 
to reap. 

All kinds of vegetables and roots, 
such as cabbage, turnips, radishes, 
salad, cucumbers, beans, aSparagus, 
onions, peas, parsley, melons, cresses, 
potatoes, 


1822.] 


potatocs,* anaize,t mandioca, or bread- 
root,} bananas,|| may be sown on every 
day of the year ; and, after a proper pe- 
riod, also, reaped on every day. 

Some other European vegetables, 
such as cauliflowers, artichokes, car- 
rots, beet-root, &c. seem not to thrive 
so well. 

The fertility bears the same propor- 
tion to the rapid growth. I will only 
mention one instance of it. A clergy- 
man, named Correia, one of the first 
agriculturists, living between the 
mountains of Estrella, reaped from 
one bushel of rice five hundred. -The 
usual harvest of maize is 120-130. 
But itis no rare occurrence, im some 
good years, and on particularly good 
soil, to reap 200 and more from one. 

The coffee-trees here yield from, at 
Yeast, two to three pounds a-year ; fre- 
quently, they produce as much as five 
and six pounds, and seme trees have 
been known to yield as much as ten 
and twelve pounds,—a circumstance 
unequalled in any other part of the 
world. 

In the royal nursery in Lagoa de 
Frieres, one league and a half from 
Rio de Janciro, trees may be scen 
¢ mimosa lebbeck), the seed of which has 
‘been brought from the isle of France, 
and which, three years after their 
planting, measure above thirty feet in 
height, and above ten inches in diameter. 

The usual way of making an inclo- 
sureisthis. Branches, er stems of va- 
rious trees, are, during rainy weather, 
stuck fresh cut into the ground. 
These, for the most part, take root, 
(perhaps not ten in a hundred may 
fail,) and form in a very short time the 
requisite hedge. 

Chili and Peru, although in the same 


Te PESE2 5 AE eR ae > BE a 

* The potatoes grow better in the 
higher provinces of Minas Geraes and St. 
Paul, than in the warm and low districts of 
Rio Janciro. 

t The maize cultivated in the country 
only vipens twice a-year; but, by intro- 
ducing the quickly ripening kinds from the 
south of France and Italy, I am of opinion 
that it might be reaped oftener. 

¢ Thisisa very nourishing and whole- 
some food, which requires a peculiar pre- 
paration; but there is also a sweet man- 
dioca-root, which only requires to be 
boiled in water, alter which itresembles the 
chesnut in taste, 

|| The banana, or plantain, is a sweet, 
pleasant, and very nutritious fruit, which, 
when bosled, or broiled, tastes almost like 
paneake with sugar, and is also very plea- 
sawt in itstaw state. : 


Montru_y Mas, No. 369. 


Present State of Brazii; by Baron Lungsdorf. 


513 


latitude, cannot be compared to Bra- 
zil; fer, should even the fertility of 
the ground be the same there, they 
have not that abundant varicty of natu- 
ral produce, nor docs their scenery 
offer the same beauties to the eye. 
With less forest, those countries bear 
quite an European appearance. They 
certainly possess rich copper and silver 
mines, yet the gold and diamond mines 
in Brazil are richer. Besides this the 
whole nation, beyond the Cordilleras, 
is in a state of revolution ; and, there- 
fore, unable to offer to a stranger a se- 
cure settlement, much less any pecu- 
liar advantages. 

Let ‘us now shortly compare Brazil 
with other countries of America; for 
instance, the United States of North 
America, the West Indian Islands, tie 
English, French, Spanish, Dutch, and 
other possessions, to see whether they 
offer any advantages like these. Inthe 
United States, the poorer classes of 
emigrants are now sent many hundred 
miles into the interior ; they are obliged 
to earn their travelling expences, 
slave-like, by hard labour, generally 
for two years and a half, after which 
they receive their freedom, together 
with clothing. and ten dollars, with 
which they are left to try their fortune, 
and to buy lands. 

The climate of North America is 
gencrally rude aud less fertile than 
Brazil, very unhealthy, and exposed 
to infectious and dangerous fevers. 
This is also the case in the West In- 
dies, the Havannah, St. Domingo, 
Jamaica, Surinam, Guadaloupe, Mar- 
tinique, &e. where many thousand in- 
dustrious Europeans have met with a 
premature death. 

Another objection to the settlement 
in these countries is the dreadful 
storms and hurricanes of which we can 
form no conception in Europe, and 
which often ruin the most industrious 
proprictor or farmer in a very short 
time. In one night, in one hour, and 
frequently in a few minates, his whole 
hope, and the labour of many years, are 
destroyed ; his fruit-trees are torn cut 
by the roots, all the plantations ruined, 
and his dwellings reduced to a heap of 
rubbish. 

The case is quite the reverse in 
Brazil. Were they know of no infec- 
tious diseases, nor has the land ever been 
exposed to the violence of the weather, 
For this reason the property, in such a 
country, is more secure and of grater 
value. 

on To 


514 


To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. 

SIR, 

BSERVING in the wrapper of 

your miscellany for this month, 
that, to the Theory and Practice of 
Naval Architecture, an appendix is 
added, containing the principles and 
practice of constructing ships, as in- 
vented and introduced by Sir Robert 
Seppings, surveyor of his Majesty’s 
navy, I beg, as a clue to the origin of 
such inventions, to state the following 
hints. 

These inventions may be considered 
under the different heads,— 

1. Filling in and caulking between the 
timbers. 

2. Omitting the inside planking, and 
placing diagonal riders. 

5. Horizontal timbers. 

4, Cross planking. 

5. Strength and keelson pieces, 

6. Round sterns. 

The first mode was suggested by Cap- 
tain Malcolm Cowan, about eighteen 
years ago, who, in a letter to a friend, 
says,—‘I formerly proposed to the 
Admiralty to fill in between the tim- 
bers, and make all solid, and caulk 
inside and outside before the plank 
was put on.” 

The second mode was also proposed 
by Captain Cowan at the same time, 
as he adds,—“‘ And then not to plank 
the inside, but to lay riders fore and 
aft diagonal: the diagonal riders, 
and the vertical timbers, and fore and 
aft planks, forming a series of tri- 
angles. Now, the triangular frame is 
well known to be the strongest that 
can be made; but it was not approved 
of, though it is now adopted.”—See 
St. Barbe and Stuart’s Patent Method 
- of Ship Building, published about 
1804. ; 

5rd. Horizontal timbers were first 
suegested in 1793-4, and published in 
the Papers on Naval Architecture, by 
the patriotic bookseller, the late Mr. 
Sewell, of Cornhill, In 1806 Mr. 
Boswell obtained a patent for a new 
mode of ship-building, and did builda 
ship, by triangular arrangement of the 
material, and horizontal clamp tim- 
bers, since introduced into the public 
dock-yards by the significant name of 
shelfpicces. 

4th. Diagonally placing the deck- 
planks, to be secured by coaks, was 
published by Egerton in 1805, as ap- 
pears in the late Mr. Maconochie’s 
Prospectus, the principle of which, 
and in some instances the very words, 


On the improved Construction of Ships. 


[July 1 
are inserted in a paper “On the new 
Principle of Constructing his Majesty’s 
Ships of War; by Robert Sepping, 
esq. read before the Royal Society, 
March 10, 1814. 

Coaking was first introduced in 
building ships-of-war, with other im- 
provements, by Sir Samuel Bentham, 
who laid the foundation for amelio- 
rating the public dock-yards; but the 
idea of cross-planking originated with 
that universal philosopher Dr. Frank- 
lin in 1775. 

5th. The bolting of timber over the 
joints of the floor, and first foot-hook 
heads, was recommended, if not ap- 
plied, by Mr. Gillett, near thirty years 
ago; and fixing pieces of timber on 
each side the keelson in midships, to 
prevent sagging, was actually done 
previous to that period in a peger 
built ship. 

For all of which inventions, an in- 
genious shipwright, who introduced 
the principle of the battering-ram for 
lifting ships to shift the keel, was, 
from a foreman, made an assistant, 
then master shipwright, and after- 
wards translated to the Navy Board, 
and became one of the surveyors ata 
salary of 1000/. per annum, witha title 
and award of 5000/. public money, as 
a small, or, as it was termed, a paltry 
reward for his inventions and disco- 
veries. 

All these honours and emoluments 
the fortunate carpenter mighthave en- 
joyed in quiet, with the 1000/. he re- 
ceived for laying blocks, as suggested 
by Mr. Snodgrass, had not another in- 
vention started up in a letter to the 
first lord of the Admiralty, describing 
“the advantages of this new plan of 
round sterns, and a detailed account 
of the imperfections of the square 
sterns,” which is in principle the same, 
if not the very words suggested in 
1802, and actually published im the 
Precursor, January 1813, of which the- 
following is an extract from p. 16 :— 

““A complete ship of war should be 
enabled to fight guns in every direction, 
for which purpose, the square, exposed, 
and overhanging stern, should be done 
away ; and, in future, formed into a circn- 
lar battery; for, although ships of war, as 
at present, are extremely formidable from 
a broadside battery, they are very vul- 
nerable, indeed almost defenceless at the 
extremities, and effective force should be 
considered the most essential quality na 
floating fortress.” 

May 8th, 1822. Facr. 

To 


1822.] 


To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. 
SIR, 


HE incalculable number of Eng- 

lish visitants to Paris having ren- 
dered the curiosities contained in the 
Royal -Library of that metropolis very 
familiar to my countrymen, I have 
been led to imagine that some notice 
of singularly curious manuscripts in 
the Grand Library at Lyons might 
not be unacceptable to your readers ; 
and, as a residence of a lengthened 
period, combined with a love of an- 
cient lore, and an intimacy with Mr. 
Delandine, first librarian of this city, 
have contributed to forward my views 
on ancient literature, 1 remit you the 
accompanying notices, which, if in- 
serted in your Miscellany, shall be 
followed up by others of a similar na- 
ture. It would be needless to remark, 
that the great distance of Lyons from 
our shores, and even from Paris, ren- 
ders the visits of the English very un- 
frequent; and of those who arrive but 
few are led to inspect the bibliothecal 
stores of this ancient city. 

Lyons ; June 1822. 


NO. I. 
Service of the Syriac Chureh, in the 
Language of that Country. 


This curious and remarkable manu- 
script is in folio, written upon vellum, 
in double columns; the rubrics- and 
titles being stained of a purple, and 
the work also adorned with drawings 
of the same colour, together with 
others green and yellow, and bearing 
the representation of an Asiatic cross. 
At each quire, consisting of twenty 
pages, is found a kind of catch-word, 
surrounded by Arabesque, and the 
character throughout is Syriac, or the 
ancient Chaldean, named Séringueli. 
It was written in the year 1449, of 
Alexander the Great, according to 
Greek calculation, which makes it in 
the year 1137 of our era. The author 
was Father Micaél, native of Maha- 
rach, and a brother of the monastery 
of St. Mary Magdalen, at Deiro- 
Oucams, which signifies the Black 
Mountain. We composed it at the pe- 
riod when John was Patriarch of 
Antioch, Gabriel Patriarch of Alex- 
andria, and Agnatius Bishop of Ma- 
harach. 

The volume was discovered under 
the vaulting of a Syriac place of wor- 
ship at Aleppo, where it had long 
served as the original guide for the 
rites of the Syriac church in Asia; and 


ERUGO. 


Curious Manuscripts in the Grand Library at Lyons. 


515 
from it were transcribed other manu- 
scripts, disseminated for the use of 
the followers of that faith. 

On the 22d of December, 1654, the 
Patriarch Peter, and Dionysius Ros- 
cala, Archbishop of the East, presented 
this curious relic to the Chevalier 
D’Arvieux, then French consul at 
Aleppo, who, upon his return to 
France, stopped at Lyons, where he 
was so gratified by the reception there 
experienced, that he gave this literary 
monument to the Grand Library of 
the eity, as a testimony of his particu- 
lar affection for the Lyonese. 

The Chevalier D’Arvieux, replete 
with zeal and with knowledge, had 
studied the oriental languages, in order 
to acquire a perfect insight as to the 
history of all the inhabitants of the 
East. The great services he had ren- 
dered to the Christians m Asia, and 
380 French slaves whom he ransomed 
at Tunis, prompted Pope Innocent XT. 
to bestow upon him a singular proof 
of his esteem; wherefore he named 
him Bishop of Babylon, although no 
more than a simple Knight of Malta; 
and, in case he did not think fit to 
accept this dignity, the Holy Father 
accorded him permission to confer it 
upon whomsoever he should think fit. 
D’Arvieux was consul at Aleppo in 
1679, and his Memoirs were published 
in 1736 by Labat, the work consisting 
of six vols. 12mo. 

NO. If. 
The Coran, written in the Turkish 
Language, in iGmo. 

This book, of remote antiquity, and 
so venerated by the major part of the 
inhabitants of Asia, is in Turkish- 
Arabian, every page having an embel- 
lished border, and containing eleven 
kinds of text. 

The Turkish dialect, formed from 
the Arabian, has five letters less ; the 
character was fixed by the Vizir 
Melech, who about the year 933 wrote 
out the Coran in’ such a beautiful 
and correct style of penmanship, that 
his letters were regarded as types. 

Sale, Gamier, Roland, Chardin, 
Prideaux, D’Herbelot, Tournefort, 
Marucci, Du-Ryer, and Turpin, have 
particularly descanted at large upon 
this Bible of the Mussulmans. It is 
written in verses, the chain of which is 
frequently broken, so that at the first 
inspection it seems to present nothing 
but a sexies of laws, or detached moral 
precepts. Beside a very trivial maxim 
is found amost sublime image; and 
near 


516 
near a sterile dogma is a glowing de- 
seription of human virtues. 

The word Coran signifies the Book 
of Books, as the term Misna of the 
Jews. According to its believers, it 
was sent from heaven during the night 
of the 23d or 24th of the month of 
Ramadan; but the work was not given 
to the world, and vested with public 
authority, until the thirtieth year of the 
Hegira, under the Caliph Omar, se- 
cond successor of Mahomet. The 
first transcripts were in the Copthic ; 
but it is not ascertained whether the 
manuscript now under review is writ- 
ten in those specific characters. 

The work consists of 114 chapters, 
of which the Mahomedan doctors have 
counted the words and the Ictters, in 
order that neither ignorance nor malig- 
nity should add or retrench a syllable. 
The number of words is 77,639: the 
prose consists ef an harmonious and 
flowing rhyme; the metaphors are 
luxuriant, but the conciseness of ex- 
pression frequently renders the sense 
obscure and mysterious. 

Mahomet wrote his work in the 
Koreisitic dialect, which was the 
purest of the Hast. Some coadjutors 
have been given to this eastern pro- 
phet during his composition of the 
Coran, namely, Hertebé the Ara- 
bian, Salman the Persian, Bensalem 
the Jew, and Sergius the monk, with 
whem Mahomet was closely allied 
when he conducted his caravans into 
Syria. ‘The Caliph Al-Mamun pub- 
lished an edict, which subjected’ all 
Mussulmen to believe the Coran 
eternal; which ordinance produced 
many dissenters and martyrs, as it uni- 
formly happens when foree is resorted 
to in cases of theological discussions. 
The devotees for the Aleoran never 
touch or open it without previous 
ablution; and in order to give timely 
notice, to prevent any inadvertency, 
they take the precaution of writing 
these words on the first page :—Do not 
touch this book with polluted hands ; they 
are even scrupulous as to carrying it 
under their girdles, and upon the 
leaves of this work their oath is admi- 
nistered. 

— a 
For the Monthly Magazine. 
GOLDEN RULES {0 RENDER YOUNG 

TRADESMEN RESPECTABLE, PROSPER- 

OUS, AND WEALTHY. 

i HOOSE a good and command- 
ing situation, even at a higher 
rent or premium; for no money is so 


Golden Rules for Young Tradesmen. 


[July f, 
well laid out as for situation, provided: 
good use be made of it. 

2. Take your shop-door off the 
hinges at seven o’clock every morn- 
ing, that no obstruction may be op- 
posed to your customers. 

3. Clean and: set out your windows 
before eight o’clock ; and do this with 
your own hands, that you may expose 
for sale the articles which are most sale- 
able, and which you most want to sell. 

4, Sweep before your house ; and, if 
required, open a footway from the 
opposite side of the street, that pas- 
sengers may think of you while eross- 
ing, and that all your neighbours may 
be sensible of your diligence. 

5. Wear an. apron, if such be the 
custom of your business; and consider 
it as a badge of distinction, which will 
procure you respect and ercdit. 

G. Apply your first returns of ready- 
money to pay debts before they are 
due, and give sueh transactions due 
emphasis by claiming discount. 

7. Always be found at home, and in 
some way employed; and remember 
that your meddling neighbours have 
their eyes upon you, and are constantly 
gauging you by appearances. 

8. Re-weigh and re-measure all your 
stock, rather than let it be supposed 
that you have nothing to do. 

9. Keep some article not usually 
kept, or sell. some current article 
cheap, that you may draw customers, 
and enlarge your intercourse. 

10. Keep up the exact quality or 
flavour of all articles which you find 
are approved by your customers; and 
by this means you will enjoy their 
preference. 

bY. Buy for ready-money as often as 
you have any to spare ; and, when you 
take credit, pay to a day, and un- 
asked. «= 

12. No advantage will ever arise to 
you from any ostentatious display of 
expenditure. 

13. Beware of the odds and ends of 
stock, of remnants, of spoiled goods, 
and of waste; for it is in such things 
that your profits lie. 

4. In serving your customers be 
firm and obliging, and never lose your 
temper,—for nothing is got by it. 

15. Always be scen at chureh or 
chapel on Sunday ; never ata gaming- 
table ; and seldom-at the theatres or at 
places of amusement. 

16, Preter a prudent and discreet 
toa rich and showy wife. 

17, Spend yourevenings by yourown 
fire-side 


1822.] 


fire-side, and shun a public-house or 
a sottish club as you would a bad debt. 

18, Subscribe with your neighbours 
to a book-club, and improve your 


mind, that you may be qualified to use- 


your future afllwence with credit to 
yourself, and advantage to the public. 

19. 'Take stock every year, estimate 
your profits, and do not spend above 
their fourth, 

20. Avoid the commen folly of expend- 
ing your precious eapital upon a costly 
architectural front; such things operate 
on the world like paint on a woman’s 
cheeks,—repelling beholders instead 
of attracting them. 


21. Every pound wasted by a young , 


tradesman is two pounds Tost at the 
end of three years, and sixtcen pounds 
at the end of twenty-four years. 

22. Toavoid being robbed and ruined 
by apprentices and assistants, never 
allow them to go from home in the 
evening ; and the restriction will prove 
equally useful to servant and master. 

23. Remember that prudent pur- 
chasers avoid the shop of an extrava- 
gant and ostentatious trader ; for they 
justly consider that, if they deal with 
him, they must contribute to his follies. 

24. Let these be your Rules till you 
have realized your stock, and till you 
ean take discount for prompt payment 
on all purchases; and you may, then 
mdulge in any degree which your ha- 
dits and sense of prudence suggest. 

June 4, 1622. COMMON SENSE. 
: 

For the Monthly Magazine. 
FURTHER DETAILS relative to the FAIR 
QUAKER. 

HE accounts published in your 

Magazine relative to the fair 
quaker, protected by the late king, 
differing in some respects from that 
which I have reeeived from my rela- 
tives, who were her father’s neigh- 
hours, I here give you their account. 

St. James’s market, now puiled 
down, and absorbed in the improved 
state of the space between Pall Mall 
and Piccadilly, at the end next the 
Haymarket, consisted before its dila- 
pidation of two parts,—a daily flesh 
market, and an open obleng space, on 
the cast side of the other, called the 
country market, for poultry and other 
country produce. Mr. Wheeler’s house 
was the eastern corner-house, on the 
south side of this open part, and abut- 
ted upon Market-lane, a narrow lane, 
which ran out of Pall Mall at the 
baek of the Opera-liouse, the lower 


Further Details relative to the Fair Quaker. 


5iF 
end of which, as far as where Wheeler’s 
house stood, is now covered over, and 
made into an arcade. I well remem- 
ber tho shop; which, after the decease 
of the old folks, was kept by their son 
until the recent destruction. It was 
a Jinen-draper’s, and, as the principal 
part of the business lay with the coun- 
try market people, the proprietors 
were accustomed to. keep a cask of 
cood ale,—a glass of which was always 
offered to their customers. 

At that time the ravages of the 
small-pox, unchecked by inoculation, 
left but few women who were not 
marked by its destructive powers ; and 
the possessors of a fair unsulied face 
were followed by crowds of admirers. 
Such was the case of the Misses Gun- 
ning, who paraded the Mall in St. 
James’s Park, guarded by a troop of 
admirers with drawn. swords, to pre- 
vent the populace from encroaching 
on that then hallowed spot, sacred to 
centility. The train of Miss W. as 
she passed to and from the mecting in 
Tlemming’s-row, St. Martin’s-lane, 
Was as numerous. 

Being before the American. war, the: 
spirit of democracy had notintroduced 
its levelling principles, and the royal 
family, the nobility, and even the gen- 
try, were beheld with a kind of awe, 
which rendered the presence of troops 
or constables unnecessary fer their 
protection. The royal family pro- 
ceeded to the theatres in chairs, pre- 
ceded only by a few footmen, and 
followed by about a dozen yeomen, 
When they went to the Opera, they - 
entered at the back-door in Market- 
Jane, which was near the country- 
market; and therefore, to avoid the 
length of that nasrow passage, they 
passed up St. Albans’-street, skirted 
half the south of the market, and had 
then only a few paces to go down the 
lanc.. On these oceasions the linens 
were taken out of the eastern window, 
and Miss W. sat ina chair to see the 
procession. 'The fame of hex beauty 
attracted the notice of the Prince, and 
there were not wanting those who were 
ready to fan the flame, and promote 
the connexion. 

One M and his wife then lived 
in Pall Mall; their house was the re- 
sort of the gay world, and the master 
and mistress were equally ready to 
assist the designs of the gamester or 
libertine, and to conceal the galantries 
of a fashionable female, ‘To thisman, 
familiarly known about the court by 
the 


518 
the name of Jack M——, the taking 
away of the fair Quaker was com- 
mitted. 

Having received his orders, he pro- 
eceded to a watchmaker’s-shop, on the 
east side of the country-market, which 
commanded a good view of Whecler’s 
house, in order to reconnoitre. Re- 
peating his visits, under pretence of 
repairing or regulating his watch, he 
discovered that a female, named H. 7 
frequently went to Wheeler’s, and was 
well acquainted with the daughter; 
and the skilful intriguer was not long 
before he found that this woman was 
precisely fitted for his purpose. 

Mrs. H had formerly been a 
servant at Whecler’s, since which she 
had been in service at one Betts, a 
glass-cutter in Cockspur-strect, a large 
house facing Pall Mall, afterwards 
occupied by Collet, who marricd his 
widow, and, before the recent destruc- 
tion, divided into two or three tene- 
ments, one a toolmaker’s, another a 
watchmaker’s. She had then been 
lately discharged from Betts’. In- 
stead of going into another service, be- 
ing a handsome woman, one of the 
apprentices, named EH , married 
her, and she was almost immediately 
afterwards laid hold of by Jack M. 1 
and readily engaged in the procuring 
of the fair Quaker for the young 
Prince, which her previous familiarity 
rendered easy. As the parents allow- 
ed their daughter to go out with Mrs. 
H , interviews were thus obtained 
between the parties ; and, on the elope- 
ment, it was found that her clothes 
and trinkets had been clandestinely 
removed. Old Mrs. Wheeler never 
recovered from the shock, and it was 
said she descended to the grave with 
a broken heart. 

A handsome reward was no doubt 
given to Jack M. ; and, on the 
arrival of the Queen, a relative was, 
through his interest, appointed her 
English teacher, and another has since 
proceeded gradually to the bench of 
bishops. Mrs. H—— was said to 
have received 500/. for her share in 
the business. Whatever might be the 
sum, her husband was by means of it 
enabled to go into partnership with a 
fellow-apprentice, one S , who had 
then just returned from the East In- 
dies, whither he had been sent to one 


Further Details relative to the Fair Quaker. 


’ 


[July 1, 


of the nabobs, along with some lustres, 
to unpack and put them up, and had 
thus accumulated a smali sum. The 
one was a parish apprentice, the other 
the son of a poor clergyman. They 
opened, in opposition to their former 
master, a shop the corner of Cockspur- 
Street and Hedge-lane, afterwards 
called Whitcomb-street, whieh has 
also suffered dilapidation; but the shop 
has re-appeared in splendor. 

Such is the history of this elope- 
ment, which I received from my mo- 
ther and other relations, who had pecu- 
liar means of knowing the facts; as 
also from a_ fellow-apprentice of 
H——’s, one Stock, who afterwards 
kept the Lion and Lamb at Lewisham, 
and whose wife (who afterwards mar- 
ried a Mr. Peter White, of that vil- 
lage,) had also been a fellow-servant 
of H--—’s wife, while at Betts’. 

It was generally reported that the 
fair Quaker was kept at Lambeth, or 
some other village on the south of the 
Thames; a notion which probably 
arose from its being most customary 
for the Prince to ride out over West- 
minster-bridge: but I have heard it 
Said that she resided at Knightsbridge, 
at a farm which supplied the royal 
family with asses’ milk. The house, 
being retired from the road, and less 
than a nile from the palaces, was well 
adapted for the purpose of private 
visits. 

It is scarccly worth while to notice, 
that those who say the King saw her, 
as he passed to and from the Parlia- 
ment-house, can have no knowledge 
of that part of London, and the situa- 
tion of her father’s shop. 

Was not Mrs. H——’s maiden 
name Lightfoot? This might probably 
be ascertained by the register of St. 
Martin’s in the Fields. As the 
Wheelers would naturally use that 
name in relating the story, as being 
that by which they could best desig- 
nate her, has not some confusion 
arisen between the two females con- 
cerned in the elopement? 

T. G. H. 

** We shall be glad of the anecdotes 
of Gsborne. We give ready insertion to 
the above, but still rely on the communi- 
cation from Warminster, which described 
her as Wheeler’s niece, and the wife of 


Axford. 
MODERN 


1322. ] 


[ 519 -] 


MODERN BIOGRAPHY. 


Ee 


THE NEAPOLITAN PATRIOTS. 
HE kingdom of Naples must un- 
doubtedly have excited, by its 
continual political changes, some cu- 
riosity among other nations. Never- 
theless, it has been hitherto almost as 
little known to them, as if separated 
from the rest of Europe by extensive 
seas or deserts. But would it not 
prove useful to the unhappy Neapo- 
litan people to be brought into greater 
notice? We think it may. Naples has 
never for many ages been free, nor yet 
absolutely enslaved. Though in past 
times the Neapolitans, whenever too 
cruelly aggrieved in their persons, and 
in their property, have mutinied, the 
ignorance of the times only allowed 
them to seek by force a temporary alle- 
viation from oppression, and a change 
of governors. Sometimes they went 
even so far as to seek the re-establish- 
ment of certain franchises, which, 
according to the ideas of those times, 
were considered as privileges rather 
than as imprescriptible rights. 'These 
franchises, in themselves of small im- 
portance, were quickly again violated, 
for want of any political liberty which 
might have guaranteed their posses- 
sion. ‘The people endured for a while, 
then rose anew, and committed the 
same political errors. Under the vice- 
regal government, the Neapolitans 
were unacquainted with any other cry 
of liberty but this,—Perish the bad go- 
vernment ; and conscientiously believed 
that they remained faithful to the 
prince, while they drove away his cor- 
rupt ministers. This is shown by a 
curious document in the Neapolitan 
archives, entitled, “ Thirty-six revolu- 
tions of the most faithful city of Naples.” 
Now that the change of times has re- 
vealed to every one the only true re- 
medy against bad government, even 
the Neapolitans have learned to ex- 
claim, “ Live the Constitution.” Re- 
bels! (answer the Holy Alliance,) 
know ye not that this new species of 
revolution is so much the more crimi- 
nal, as its effects are of longer dura- 
tion? It is already more than thirty 
years that the Neapolitans have aspired 
to, without being able to obtain, a free 
government. And it seems that their 
rapid transitions from dejection to 
fury, and from lethargic submission to 
the most unexpected and generous in- 
dignation, leave Europe still in doubt 
3 


whether they do or do not as yet de- 
serve the blessings of freedom, This 
people, however, is ripe for liberty, 
but it eannot by its single effort make 
all Italy independant; and only from 
the want of this independance, after 
having destroyed domestic despotism, 
it has sunk under a double and far 
severcr yoke than before. The same 
destiny threatens every othcr Italian 
state which does not unite these two 
inseparable objects. 

The patriots, who for thirty years 
have laboured to establish liberty in 
Naples, are little known. These men, 
not inferior to any set of patriots in 
the wish to make their country by their 
endeavours free, happy, and respect- 
ed, have experienced the fate of all 
who are unsuccessful. Sometimes 
they have remained unnoticed; some- 
times they have been spoken of merely 
to be reviled; and sometimes, finding 
themselves alike unfortunate and ca- 
lumniated, they have become diflident 
of their own powers, and have sunk 
into discouragement and despair. All 
things yield to fortune; not only the 
opinion of others, but even the opinion 
we entertain of ourselves. Yet these 
meu had infinite difficulties to over- 
come, and experienced nothing but 
ill-fortune. We shall give a brief ac- 
count of the life of those who, as publie 
men, or as men of letters, are least 
known, and most deserving of notice. 


MATTEO GALDI. 

Matteo Gatpi was president for 
the first month of the parliament of 
the two Sicilies, during the last reyo- 
lution. He was born at Coperchia, a 
village of the province of Salerno, the 
8th of October, 1766, of respectable 
but not wealthy parents. Having 
completed his first studies, he adopted 
the profession of an advocate, which, 
in consequence of the immense farrago 
of laws, of Roman, Norman, Ange- 
vine, and vice-regal origin, with which 
the kingdom was overwhelmed, has 
always at Naples been of more im- 
portance than it deserved, until the 
period when the French system of 
legislation was introduced there in 
1809. Galdi by his tmcommon learn- 
ing and severe probity gave lustre to 
a career, which at Naples has too often 
perverted the heart and contracted the 
understanding. But the young Galdi 

had 


520 


had too Inuch good, sensejand purity,of 
character not.to become ay partizanwot 
liberty, as seom as the, example ofthe 
French revolutions, awoke. in, Kuxope 
al first toutes les espcerances de la vertu; 
All the efforts of the patriots in Naples 
were then:confincd.to the. seeret -dis- 
cussion of their political opinions; and 
m putting up their prayers:to Heaven 
for,.the . confirmation. of -liberty in 
France, and its extension in some way 
or. other over Haly.. But even this 
was suflicicnt under a despotic govern- 
ment, too long uncontroled, to expose 
the most virtuous of men to imprison- 
ment and death. When persecution 
began the young Galdi, being little 
known, succeeded in escaping from if, 
and took refuge. im Franee in 1794. 
Necessity. obliged , him, to. embrace sa 
military life, then become. the uni- 
versal profession of the French, But 
be «lid not at all distinguish himself, in 
thisicareer, which so little accorded 
with; his leading inclination, viz. the 
study, of philosophy, and the worship 
of the muses. ‘Two years after he re- 
turned to Haly, holding a commission 
on the staff in the French army. He 
then, quitted the military profession, 
and was ¢eleeted professer of Public 
Liaw in: Brera, Hardly had he ob- 
tained Abis) distinction, when he was 
appointed by the: Cisalpine Republic 
envoy to Holland,:in: the year 179 
Ile was; retained: on this political mis- 
sion fox)ninel) years,in, Amsterdam, 
Wheres he: destrvedswellof {he nation 
by bis) Quadro) Politico, or political 
picture of ils history,. Being high in 
the cstimation of the Cisalpine Repub- 
lic, andithen ofthe King of Italy, he 

was invested with the order of the iron 
SOM: 1 7 

An. the year, 1809, soon ‘after, Murat 
obtained the, crown, of Naples; Galdi 


was xecalicd .to his,own country, was - 


promoted to, the; highest, placesin tlre 
alministration,, and; deeorated swith 
the: order of} the, two. Sicilies,; Atifirst 
he, was, appointed Intendant /of lie 
province of, Molisi,, and in:the folhow- 


wg year,wag translerned.in thesamd 


capacity, to, Calabria-citra,’ * They ge- 
vernmentyo£ Galdi yas} mild and, equis 
table, Henevers lent himself, ii, any 
dogten: ta, dhe cmany molanees which 


‘ 


* The office of Intend wnt Pree in an 


supreme administration of a province, and 


answers - “entirely 40 
Prancee. 


tint of Prefect tn 


. The Neapolitan Pairiois. 


[July 4, 
fur reasons’ of slate or from! wantonness 
of power; disgraced thesxeign: of the — 
two’ rench princess Batythough pre. 
ferrcdoand caressed by theoabsobute 
government; -his;-souk abborved)atvin 
secect,./ Like;a few otlicr noblespabli¢ 
characters among his) countrymen: he 
could notforzetthiat he begamshis) ea 
reer-as a republican ; nor berconsoled 
when he reflected, that so’ many’ prot 
mising hopes ofuniversal freedorv tiad 
only ended ia 2 detestable tyranny. 
Lenec he longed to retire from the 
troublesome and: often invidious duty 
of an Intendant, tothe swéeter eecut 
pations of literatures When avert ral 
direction of public instructionowasin- 
stituted in Naples; ‘Galdiavas: chosen 
to. preside ‘over it; and:continued=tirce 
years in. that situations: He improved 
both the method and:substance of pub- 
lic instruction -as far as was’ possible 
under a first| minister who: interfered, 
with. every thing; sands whodnh il his 
attempts: considered ao moxe=thih 
reabutility.® cow wegxes ythol 
Phe restoration’ of: 1815 tookyiKice, 
and the systein of public’ instruction; 
in which lectures’ on ‘pablio law, is 
wellasvnmany other subjects af ge. 
neral interest; had ever been-wanting, 
Was: then -allered for ‘the’ worse, and 
became even: more seonfined Lani ithic 
beral.. One-half of themptofessors’ 
chairs was dedicated too écelésiastieal 
erudition, sand the other 'dialfs was 
shared between law and physiespas it 
the state required only @! generation: dt 
physicians, lawyers; and: Sukésiaul "By 
such exclusive studies! indeciletyouth 
was to be:taught unlimited obedience, 
or at least to he kept fat: fron the for: 
biddea. knowledge sof publies*affaivs. 
Galdi them found le must. giveup his 
oflice toa courtier, more Galeulated* to 
preside oyer the teaching -ofisweh arts. 
Sometnnes he was still canted? asa 
Inatter of complimenti” BER DIRS 
“The cfevolution ‘of'1820" followed 
Galdipin tliattimerof universal susp 
cion; oreevived? asdouble | proof ot the 
ibastrepdsedin him by his fetlow-citit , 
zess. havitig “beer chosen,’ iby nearly 
an! mianhimity of:suflrages; daputyote 
the Parliament for the! prowinee’ oFNat 
plesjowhere: hey reside dandy supple- 
meritary deputy’ for ther proviiee OF 
Salérho; mowhich Jiewasborn} He 
wasithe first to speak inthe srepara 
tony: Junta oof Representatives, and 


Sao hs) bese aeoe sir ge $e se 
* Count Aueto. Woe 
“tySevt be, Opiisuty@an's of the Gontea: 
Was 


1822.] 
was elected by them president of the 
Junta itself, and afterwards of the Par- 
liament. But harrassed by the conti- 
nual vicissitudes of our times, and 
already sinking under ill-health, Galdi 
behaved more like a philosopher than 
a statesman. He wanted, especially, 
that vigour of mind which was requi- 
site for not being lulled into security 
by the fallacious compliances, with 
which the old absolute government 
seemed to acquiesce in the new liberty 
of Naples. The very first words of 
the President breathed nothing but 
peace and moderation. ‘The nation 
of the two Sicilies (said he,) will can- 
vince every other nation of the earth 
that she knows how to be free. By 
virtae and justice she will dissipate 
those malignant clouds which seem to 
ebscure the propitious star of liberty 
now rising on our horizon.” Justice 
and moderation were fully practised ; 
bat of this favourable prediction no- 
thing proyed to be prophetic but the 
lofty expressions it was conveyed in. 

At the first opening of the Parlia- 
ment, held the Ist of October, 1820, 
at Naples, in the magnificent church 
of Spirito-Santo, amidst an immense 
concourse of people, the President 
Galdi received the oath then solemnly 
renewed by King Ferdinand, to the 
constitution of the state. Oh! how 
august was that ceremony ; but, alas! 
it was nothing but a ceremony! The 
King was seated on the throne: the 
President Galdi stood on his right side, 
holding in his hand the Gospel; two 
secretaries of the Parliament tendered 
to the King the written form of the 
constitutional oath. The King then 
rose, and, placing his right hand on 
the Gospel, repeated that oath, which 
was applauded by all the spectators, 
with loud cries of ‘ Long live the 
King and Constitution.” An oath 
heard by a whole nation, and by all 
Europe; and which neither the Aus- 
trian bayonets, nor military courts, 
can easily efface from the memory of 
the Neapolitans. The President Galdi 
then addressed the King in a compli- 
mentary discourse, as required by the 
Constitution... This speech was de- 
servedly taxed with pedantic redun- 
dancy. It was derived too much ab 
ovo. It began with “the eternal laws 
by which Providence ordered and re- 
gulates the system of the universe ;” 
went on with “seas and lakes dried 
up, and new continents arising from 
the bosom of the waves :” then followed 

Montury Mac. No. 369. 


Account of Matteo Galdi, the Neapolitan Patriot. 


521 
“mountains lowered, and generations 
swept away and renewed, over the 
face of the globe;” and many other 
cosmological truisms, a little out of 
place. Nor were forgotten “the sen- 
sibility of man, his sociability, the fa- 
mily, the city, and the state.” He 
then added, “that from the end of the 
last century, affairs in Europe had 
come to such a point, that it became 
necessary to recompose the compacts 
of society.” And finally, ‘‘that the 
constitution of the Cortez is the fruit 
of long experience, and of whatever 
had been best taught by politicians for 
seventy years.” ‘The Holy Alliance, 
however, was, and will ever be, of a 
different opinion: so much learning 
was given to the winds, or rather only 
served to make princely impatience 
sooner weary of parliamentary speeches 
and acts. But what was indeed shock- 
ing was the declaration of the Presi- 
dent Galdi, ‘that it was impossible to 
add or take away a single corner- 
stone of the Constitution, without 
spoiling or even destroying the whole.” 
The Constitution of the Cortez had 
been granted to the nation, excepting 
such modifications as its representa- 
tives should resolve upon and decree, 
in order to adapt it to the kingdom of 
the two Sicilies. Such had been the 
apparent motive of these reforms; but 
that fair pretence covered a deter- 
mined design of increasing as much as 
possible the power of the crown, by. 
means of a timid or servile Parliament. 
Now at these words of the President 
Galdi, every sanguine hope 


SSeS ee oO 
Cheat the deluded people with a show 
Of hberty,* 


began to fail, and was soon completely 
counteracted by the patriotism of the 
Parliament. Foreigners ought to judge 
with indulgence of this speech of the 
President Galdi; which, besides being 
the first of the kind at Naples, pro- 
ceeded from a man already enfeebled 
in mind, and too learned to-speak on 
that dazzling ceremony with the so- 
briety of a statesman. He could not 
even keep himself to general terms, as‘ 
he was bound to de. The King hav- 
ing recommended “that nothing should 
be altered in the public administra- 
tion, dr in the system of judicature, 
and that no religion but the Roman 
Catholic should be tolerated in the 
kingdom ;” the President Galdi hurried 


* Venice Preserved, 
3U to 


522 
to reply, ‘‘that,the representatives, of 
the, people were firmly convinced, that 
many, reforms, required by experience, 
if, performed with mature deliberation, 
would prove yeryiuseful to the state ; 
and that)thesprinces and) people, of the 
two Sicilics dhad sever. professed: religi- 
ousomoderation so far as not to disturb 
the peace.of (any, one.”’ ‘Thus, hinting 
the. intention.of:the parliamentary. ma- 
jority to attempt that, religious tolera- 
tion at Naples, without which it is very 
questionable ,whether a Catholic state 
can become, orlong continue, free. 

. The parliamentary career of Galdi 
was not distinguished either by saga- 
city.in discerning the very perilous 
situation of the two: Sicilies, become 
free, or by boldness,of counsel in at- 
tempting to extricate them, if not with 
perfect, success, at least with greater 
honour. His conduct, like’ that of the 
Majority of the: Parliament, consisted 
in; pertinaciously sticking to the con- 
stitutional right, Jet-what would.be the 
daily increasing difficulties of the state, 
or in transgressing it only from a feel- 
ing of indulgence for power. Galdi 
Kittle, believed, the war of aggression 
against Naples, alleging the very 
aflirmation,.of. the ministry, ‘‘ that 
firmness and moderation on the part 
of the. Parliament would overcome 
every diplomatic difficulty.” He trust- 
edalso that the force of liberal opinions 
in Europe should add some weight to 
justice, if justice ‘alone should not 
prove sufficient, . Yet, this man, now 
so, credulous, had .grown old amidst 
‘the artifices; and outrages of politics. 
Qne, principal cause, however, of the 
ruin impending over, the free govern- 
ment of ‘Naples did. not, escape him ; 
namely, the criminal, jealousy, enter- 
tained by! Carrascosa,against William 
Pepe, which was, the,seeret spring of 
his, whole conduct,, both,as a minister 
and, as;a,general.,,Galdi ,was, often 
heard to ,exclaim, {in the. secret icom- 
mittees ofthe Parliament,‘ the-very 
powers of this man, for. which we|most 
trust. him,,; will), turn,|; against, our 
country.” og otis 
, Galdi had, been long employed, both 
at home and abroad under the Freneh 
government; hence. he-had contracted 
that esprit de corps, which is so. natural 
to, men united in the same interests, 
and so conspicuous in that compact 
body of public functionaries, first 
started up in the French republic, and 
then increased to a swarming number 
by Bonaparte, in support of his power. 


Account of Matteo Galdi,the Neapolitan Patriot.  {July.4, 


Galdi, looked )upom alki;the )sineeure 
oftices-leftsby,the French asnecessary, 
and upon all,the menwho filled them 
as patriots, because’ they had; heemthe 
companionsy ofhis:politieal career. 
‘This: blind predilection for pono 
of power was eallediby the people iat 
‘Naples, ¢fthemalady of funetionanies.” 
Galdi« obstinately,.opposeds anyo1é- 


trenchmentin :the public: offices); al- 


though imperiously, demanded bethiby 
the embarrassment of the finances,and 
still: more: by the nature yof) aofreengo- 
vernment;,and; omevery oecasions die 
judged, with: an impolitic, mildness-the 
faults of the aministry.9»Whéiuthe 
executive government; failed: in«the 
attempt to overthrow, the, constitution 
by the message.of the: 7th, December, 
1820, by which a vague and :“condi- 
tional” promise wassubstituted for the 
acknowledged law of the istate, |The 
king was left to depart)the kingdom, 
and the representatives of| theopeople 
were forbidden, any, longerito: delibe- 
rate; the ministers fell, and itwas:pxo- 
posed to impeach them \in: parliament. 
Two of them, most guilty-accordingyto 
law, Count Zurlo of the home |depart- 
ment, and the Duke of Campochiaro 
for foreign. affairs; were, > called :to 
the bar to answer for that treasonable 
coup de main. Galdi,though the secret 
enemy of Count: Zurlo, then defended 
him. From the tribune,addressing his 
discourse to the young men in the gal- 
leries, who, from their virtuous want of 
corrupting experience, could hardly 
suppress their indignation: at) seeing 
those illustrious, criminals acquitted, 
he said. to them, ‘‘‘Let him, whos fééls 
his,.conscience free from any: faultac- 
cuse the fallen ministers with severity.” 
This new proof of the: amiable philoso- 
phic. character,of; Galdi, shews, at the 
same time, 'that:he little understeod or 
remembered how. necessary.it»is, for 
establishing liberty where: power. has 


long; been unrestrained, to set a high 


example of legal! severity upon | the 
powerful.,; That.desperate attempt at 
a counter-revolution, having, cemained 
unpunished; brought, the parliament. 
into.contempt with the! court... The 
friends, of the public cause were dis- 
couraged, )the domestic enemies: be- 
came, more} daring,| and succeeded, at 
last, by secret negligenees or open acts, 
in overturning the-constitution;though 
it, was by. delivering up) the/state to a 
foreign enemy. ,; Galdi did not oppose 
the king’s departure.. The majority of 
the parliament, most of the publie 

men, 


1822.] 
men; and of the best patriots} were de- 
ceived like himself. ‘The people‘alone, 
who, by the very sn esti cof their 
notions, are often’ better judges'in par- 
ticular casesothat’ many’ ‘statesmen, 
the people were not deceived as to the 
effects) of the (King's‘departure, Al- 
though‘ the’ message’ of) ‘the 7th: of 
December imported both the abolition 
of the existing constitution; andthe in- 
ténded departure of the king, the first 
‘popular’ criés* ‘ih the “vestibule ‘of ‘the 
parlianient' were; Let not'the king 
depart!?%as if they) foresaw’ that so 
‘great: a blunder im’ political’ conduct 
avould) pYove. far more irremediable 
dhan'any-attempt' against the consti- 
‘tutions: "However, ‘the English and 
Frénch flects* anchored: in the bay of 
Naples ; four or:five'thousand soldicrs 
of! the guard; ready’ to: fall: upon ‘the 
people, land, above all, the firm deter- 
Mination of the king’ himself, leave it 
stil doubtful whether it’ would have 
been possible; or useful, to:prevent his 
departure. »' sr 
‘s When finally, after many fallacious 
expectations’ entertained by the good 
Neapolitans from justice, the right of 
nations, ‘and similar principles, child- 
ish, ‘whenever unsupported by power, 
the: congress at Laybach (self-consti- 
tuted judges in this cause,) sentenced 
ithat> the free government should be 
4mmediately*put'duwn at Naples, wil- 
lingly'orby force); and that, even if the 
‘nation consented to her own infamy, 
filty thousand “foreign; troops should 
‘e1iter the kingdom to’ secure the dura- 
tion of absolute power. Then, indeed, 
alb' awoke ‘from their long credulity, 
sonié designed to betray their country, 
‘and many became’ panic-strack, 
» But) Galdij* though ~he) had ‘now 
scarcely any farther hope in'the’safety 
of the state, was not intimidated. “Yet 
his. courage still) was, as it had ever 
béen) that? of a philosopher, rather 
‘thanof?a ‘statesman. ‘He ‘attempted 
not toseck inthe boldness of iparlia- 
mentary counsels any safety to the na- 
‘tion froni its imapending ruin, but) he 
iscemed sto résign himself to’ fortune. 
Already sinking under the fatal effects 
of a dropsys° he did not find ‘in ‘his 
breast a daringinessvequal to sogreat’a 
| publics danger bathe felt 4he ‘eon- 
fidence ofophilosophys which the had 
Jever' practised > Seeing the king in 
othe Hands of thecenemy) a: powerfal 
Austrian‘ariiry advanciog towards thie 
frontier, theperplexities of the Regent, 
and ‘he little trust that smany, who 


Account of Matteo Galdi, the Neapolitan Patriot. 


523 
‘were’ to manage the defence of the na- 
tion, deserved, Galdi exclaimed to his 
friends: “* I ‘shall not long’ still be the 
sport of tyranny.” And he now better 
foretold’ his own'death, than hehad 
before thesafety of his country. 

After the engagement ‘of Rieti, and 
the disbandment of the 1st corps ‘com- 
mandéd’by William’ Pepe ‘in! the 
Abbruzzi; all the old abettors' ‘of! des- 
potism,; and the’ false ‘friends ‘to li- 
berty, hastened to ruin every thing in 
afew days,’ to render’vain the many 
means of defence which yet remained 
ito the nation, and to strive for the ‘re- 
establishment of that absolute power, 
from: which some expected a reward, 
and others a ‘pardon. Treasonable 
expectations, however, were now, ’in 
mhany cases; disappointed, as they have 
often been inall times. But’ Galdi 
remained honourably firm to his duty 
as’ a representative and ‘as a ‘citizen. 
Every artifice was practised toyhave 
the parliament dissolved, that it might 
not retire into Calabria or into ‘Sicily, 
as had been already resolved upon. 
In the continual secret committees, 
one of ‘the deputies, possessed of the 
most influence, treated the public 
cause as desperate, advised every one 
to retire ; and, when out of ‘doors, en- 
deavoured, aside, to alarm one aftet 
the other, by the most insidious exag- 
gerations. Much less would have been 
sufficient, under such circumstances, 
to have dispersed most of those men, 
of upright intentions indeed, but little 
experienced in, or accustomed to, po- 
litical storms, : From the’ 10th of 
March, 1821, they diminished’ day by 
day, till at length the corps ‘of Car- 
rascosa” being also disbanded, only 
twenty-four deputies remained assem- 
bled in parliament at Naples, with a 
noble’ constancy, but useless” to their 
country. Galdi was “among” them. 
At the very moment whenmany, recol- 
leeting “the legal. massacres which 
‘elosely followed the Néapolitan’ re- 
public twenty-three years’ ago, would 
ihave ‘ardently wished” to “have: their 
names, if possible, obliteratéd’ from 

every political act, “Galdi, bemg con- 
‘fined to his hotise*by infirmities, sent 
brépeated? Messages to the ‘parliament, 
during the last day of its political exis- 
1énce, ‘to havé his’ name mentioned in 
tha verbalproééssy as present-at the in- 
{ended solemir protest. This protest, 
whieh; in our day, is perhaps the most 
instriietive Monument of a high politi- 
cal injustice, and of unavailing virtue 
¥ 


524 


was made before; Godand).men, , the 
morning of the 14th ofiMarelj!1821, 
while..the .engmywasdefiling im the 
streets of Naples. The nanieofGaldi 
Was written witli those 6ftheitwenty-_ 
four deputies, wlio ‘signed it!’ “If ‘this’ 
dangerous honour ‘had’ been denied 
him, ‘he’ declared he would be carried 
dying into the parliament.,, Galdisur- 
vived but a short, time the misfortune 
of his country: patriotic grief, even 
more than his, bodily. infirmities, .de- 
prived him. of life;some months ago, 
He was a man of mild manners, an 
excellent husband and father, and a 
good citizen. He spent’ the hours of 
his domestic life-in the education of 
his two daughters, whom the study of 
literature did not rob of the dearer 
graces of their sex. Galdi was a man 
of great learning, of a good under- 
standing, but possessed of an indifler- 
ent taste in speaking and. writing. 
He was amemberof all the academies 
at Naples, and of some other literary 
societies in Upper Italy and Holland, 
He composed many works, which ‘the 


ORIGINAL POETRY. 


— 


THE SHEPHERD. 


[HE Shepherd was born in.an ivy cot 
Where tlie woods and the winds are plaving, 
And the sheep, with theewbite little lambs they 
_., have got, er 

Over the meadows for pastare are straying. 
His mother she died, and his father was put 

Inthe grave by her'side on the morrow ; 
The Shepherd grew up, andhe bnilt hima hut, 

at his spirits were season’d with sorrow. 


pe ares his oes 3 —— hilt, 

ud hi was his only attendant, 

Till if men “ fair damsel who lived ‘at the mill, 
And then he becante her dependant. 


She left him, and went to the city far,— 
He songht, but he never could find her; 
Like the mnystical track of a fugitive star, 
No traces she left behind her. - 


He loved and he pined asa drooping stemy § © 
That has felt the electric fluid; - 

He tended his flock, but he wander’d like them, 

* And led but the Ife of a Druid. 


Years told him decay was. fast creeping on, 
And he sank on a green-vrass pillow ; 

He pray’d for his love tilLhis breuth was gone,— 
His shade were the hagel and willow. : « 

The peaskotey wrapp'd him am shrond:and in sheet, 
Yn his coffin tliey tenderly sid NIMs: 0% saps wh 

They'strew’d on his bosom their pase, £0 sweet, 
‘And fiinefal tributes were puid hime) 28 

There are tears for the brave in battle slain, 1 a 
For the tars who in sea-fights perish ; - 

But we Jean aver jovesgrayes 
Aud grieve for the Virtues w 

Uslingtons 5:9) 


nt urilo a 
i BEAUTY’s: VALUEL' 


Original Rocky: sh 


AMDT HANG Like spellaiotnid witht iw herniit’s tel 

igor isla prgoRre |v 1 list’didg heard no tolling kuelb; © 
t bus eelbind od! Butpwhilethe:sleeping: winds were still, 

te ebeo! In Quantock’s woods, on: high|Ham-hill; « 


[July-t,: 
limitsjof this, artiele willionly: alloweus 
to enumeratésso 1. ;Onuthe necessity 
of establishinga. Repablieim Italy, a! 
juvenile work, but’ falf “of ‘originality ;) 
published at’ Milan; 1796, and trans- 
lated into Frenchs 2: Reflections on 


the Helvéti¢ Constitution.’ 3. « 

of the’ Italian Stage. °4, Econo 

Relations among Free States, trans- 
Political 


‘Rip ets of 
lated into French,.,,7,:‘Th 
Public Justruction.,... Three, » 


a 


YS) 
upon economical subjects, andjene on 
a) new. geographical) division sof; the’. 
two Sicilies. He composedi also se- 
veral poetical:tracts in: different styles, 
inserted . in; the, Jiterxary,, journals sof; 
Italy, but little. esteemed. || Some alta 3 
Essays by,Galdi, ion economical anc! 
legislative subjects, are not,yeét pub- 


lished. Such was this distinguished’ 
Neapolitan. duo? 
ls waa 9H 
til ob snO 


i ‘fietra tyes C od bah 
{ bus nis) YO 
isootogs ah 


A fleeting good, a gloss, a glass’ alfl wes, 

Lost, faded, trakek; Hex shia ts ir; 
As goods when lost are wond’rous Seldom 
found, a | oon iui th $3 ; 

As faded gloss no rubbing ca é&xtité, ” * 
As flowers when dead are trampled ‘on the 

ground, (uleiisy Lo a8 AA , ,, ’ 

As broken glass no cement can hiite ane 
So beauty, blemish’d once, is ever lost, 

In spite of plijsic, paiifinp” paths dud ost 


yqqase ork 
0 toed Bae OWE? (od aye? 

4 ‘ 1G SONNET. sa Hoeven 110% 

[The following 


lines, written, by, a: liermit 
__on hearing the bells of South Petherton, 
Somerset, in the evening of Shrove Tues- 
day, 1822, have some reference to those 
of Dr. Booker, in the Monthly Maga- 
zine, for December 1821, on the “ Bella 
of Meriden.”}, © 

» Duleesest natale solium.- 


: 


») WHA? tuneful sounds are those I hear; 


On this:fine.eve} how\soft and clear! 


\\Unlikesthe desert’s'\dolefal queen; 29) 


Unlike the scteech-owl’s boding' scream); \ 
Butifleating thro’ the\peaceful zonez (sss 
y are the bells of Petherton, 


a } 


Beauty is bat'a vaiwand fleeting wood)" | Theelockiswuck six;and therenpom i » 


A shining»gloss that fadeth suddenly,” 
A flower that dies when almostinthe bud; 
A brittle glass flat breaketh presently i 


i Rangjthe sweet bells,of Pethertons|\...5 |). 


Ye, who for pleasure idly roam, 
And wish to findya hut, ahome, 
When 


1822i}. 
When shuts serene: this Shrove-tide: day sul 
hither,repair, and; welcom’d,'stay'i9 ©! 
te hear in vale} wheré herinit: dwells. » ik 
»melody,of Petherton, bellss yw 91) inh: 
Hermit’s-hut, Seeth diathertew. | boseildua 
geen NICK’s PRC PROMENADE, 
(The te celebrated but unfortunate Pro- 
nd Porson’ being once solicited in, 
ate i give some jocular ‘proof of 
eae. ies, complied by producing the 
fon owing ' Tines,] 


Fi i ne brimstone hed, areas day, 
king the Deyil i is gone, 
Be his smug little farm of ‘the earth, 
“And see how his stock ‘goes on. : 
And over the hill and 6ver the dale ~ 
_ “He walked, and over ‘the plain; 
And backwards and’ forwards he. ewitel’d 
4 ohis long tail; 
As ai gentleniaii) switches his cane. 


And pray how was the’ Devil drest, 
Oh" he wasin his Sunday best. 
artic was ired and his breeches were 
«blue 
Withis ohaie phind rebave his fail came 
. through. 
He saw a lawyer killing a viper, 
On a dunghill beside. his own stable, 
And the Devil smil’d, for it put hinrinmind 
Of Cain and his brother Abel. | 
An apothecary, on a white horse, 
ode by, on. his avocations: 
& hfe Re devyil,) there is my old 


Peat hi in the Revelations.” 
He ena A, cottage with a double coach- 
op alias gentility ! ! 
And hg pe was pleas’d, for his darling 


Is tlie p ae that: apes humility. 

He stepp ra into a rich bookseller’s shop, 
Says he, ‘“ We i both of one college, 
Forl myself sat, like a cormorant, once, 
pornatich on the tree of knowledge. i? 


eens No; EX: 


etl fi 


ys) _Hesawa tunis 


§25 
Av'he pass'd ‘thio’ Coldbath-fields he saw” 
(A’solitarysééllto cis! 
Anil the Deval was charm'd, for it igave im 
is Dai hints: a od'h 19 
“Fori impreying the, prisons of. hella» 
,in-a trice iseqob aso! 


esome. jade; 
quoth, he,) do, the fingers 


stake 


Fetter a.tro 
“Ah! nimble, ae 
i ~move 
Whenever they: dre.uis’d to ‘théir trade,” 
He ‘saw ‘the same lait untetter the 
same; |” 
But with little expabitsoaiil Bil 
And the Devil thought of the long’ debater 
Ow the slave-trade abolition, ; 
Dowm the river did, glide, with wind a 
with, tide, , 
A pig with vast celerity! 
And the Devil grinu’d, for he saw all the 
while 
How it cut its own throat, and he. thought, 
: with a smile, 
Of England’s commercial prosperity. 
He saw a certain minister 
¢A minister to his mind,) © 
Go up into.a certain house, 
With'a majority: behind; 
The Devil quoted Genesis, _ 
Like a very learned clerk, 
How ‘“‘ Noah and his creeping things 
Went up into the ark.” 
General Gascoigne’s* burning face 
He saw with consternation, —~ 


And back to hell his way did: take ; 


For the Devil thought, by a slight mistake, 
’Twas the general conilagration. 
—_— : 
ON ONE WHO, DIED. THE DAY AFTER HIs 
WIFE. 
Sur first departed; he for.one day try’d 
To live without lier ; lik’d it not; and ‘yd. 


* This gentleman had been very face- 
tious whilst soliciting some proof af tire 
Professor’s ectioal talents. 3 


STEPHEN SIANA. | 
No. IX. ai 10d 


ah 


ia tyveod 


The late ALEXANDER STEPHENS, Esq. of Park House, Chelsea, devoted an active wi 


well-spent life.in the collection of Anecdotes of his contemporaries, and, generally entered i in @ 
book the collections of the passing day ;—these collections we have purchased, und propose to 
present 4 selection from them to our readers.)\ As Editor of the: Annual Obituary, and many © 
other biographical works, the Author may probably have incorporated many vf. these. scraps ; 
but the greater part are unpublished, and :all-stand alone as enlanet cacnoste wh men and 


manners, wort hy of ayplace 1 </ @ oes miscellany, 


mohishiott. ix 


(CHARLES \CALLAS WESTERN: 
HIS gentlemati is descended from 


a family of Massachusetts gover- | 


nors, and ‘the’ following vaneedote' is 

recorded of his infaney.’ His father 

and mother were taking’ a jourhoy in a 

pheton, himself, an infant; being: in 

Ais mother’s lap ; they stopped to 
1 


—— 
_ bait the horses at the ‘Aout ue an vat: 


when the hostler imprudently:took. off 
the bridles, and the-horses, feeling their 
heads at liberty; set off ‘full gallop. 


_ The danger to; all-was imminent ; but 


Mrs. ‘W.) with a happy presence of 
mind, threw the child into a thick 
hedge which they passed close, by 

which 


526 
which he escaped “injury! Hato the 
pheton was broken te pias)! thé Tas 
theromortally wounded, and the ‘ino- 
ther much meio °° Mr. Wy hals since 
becothe\ ar-ornament of ‘the Housé of 
Commons, and hasproved himself an 
able economist'and public’ writer.” 
‘0 DANCING | $NAKES OP INDIA. | °!!!"! 
In every country there’exists a elas¢ 
of mem who found their means of 
existence! upon the ‘credulity ‘and ‘cn- 
riosity of others;’but in rio part’of the 
world is: this’ class’ so’ numerous as ‘in 
India. Scarcely has °a’ stranger dis- 
embarked on that shore, when‘a ¢rowd 
of jugglers, | dancers, © leaperts, ‘and 
others, surround him, and solicit’ the 
honour of contributing to his amuse- 
ment, for the: trifling ‘consideration of 
a fanon, or about six-pence. 
, Amongst this crowd of people, who 
live by their wits, those who astonish, 
and at the ‘same’ time ‘terrify, ‘the 
European the most, ‘are the men who 
make the stiakes dance; and this asto- 
nishment and terror is more incréased, 
upon learning that the snake which 
serves for this spectacle is the second 
on the list of those which are the most 
venomous: the bite of it is followed 
by certain death, after an interval of 
generally not more than fifteen or se- 
venteen minutes. On the Coromandel 
coast this sort-of snake is very abun- 
dant, and there, as well'as throughout 
India, is ¢alled’' a cobra capello, or 
hooded ‘snake’ its ordinary length is 
from three’ to: four feet, and the pre- 
vailing colout of these reptilesis yellow, 
spotted with black ; its form resembles 
that‘of ‘other oriental snakes, with the 
exception of a pouch, which runs from 
the ‘back: of ‘the “head ‘two or three 
inches down the back. This» pocket 
is but little visible’ when the reptile 
ereeps; or is ina state of tranquillity ; 
but,-as. soonias its’ moved by anger 
or by: pleasure} this beconies inflated) 
and stretches on leach side the head 
of the animal?’ it then ‘presents:a flat 
sSarface, on which“a' pair “of black 
spectacles are stretched upon adirty 
yellow ground’ The*head of the -crea- 
ture appears to issue horizontally from 
the upper part of this) fbuch/2o'Phe 
quality which'distmgtishés tthis snake 
from allthe other speciéspistits exées- 
sive’ fondness formusic Sand his past 
sion, if sucha termimay le used) as 
strong? in it tian even in the white 
snake: this is so incontestable, ‘that 
when ‘the place ‘of! ‘his retreat’ Gs 
known, he is invariably caught by 


Stephensiana,;’Now EX. 


[July 1, 
these means: The Indians, who gain 
a’ livélihood’ by ‘exhibititic; are ‘also 
thosé'who take, them ;and,'as the me- 
thod “which! 'théy ‘employ for doing» it 
is not gonérally known, the’ following 
scene, which? took place at’ théshouse 
of the ‘govertior of Pondicherry, may 
be considered as interesting: “Diwing 
dinner A servant came! to. inform ‘the 
fanrily, that ‘a hirge vobra capelio had 
been seenéntering! the ee Har # orders 
were given that snakevcatcherishould 
be sent for, and’every onerepdired to 
the cellar 'when'*he artivedvou\fter 
having examinéd ‘the place; tose eer! 
tain where the’ reptile was ‘conceal 
the Malabar squatted ‘down cpon his 
heels, and began to“play pon an in- © 
strument, ‘whicli‘in shape’ resémbled 
a flagcolct, but had’ something of the 
sharp sound ofa’ bagpipe: “Sdarvely 
had a minute elapsed when ‘a cobra 
capello, about “three feetoan Yength; 
crept from under a mat} and placed 
himself at’ a short distance from "the 
man, raising and ‘giving a sort ‘oftvit 
bratory motion to the wpperopartoot 
his body, ‘and ‘extending his pouchp4 
an evident sign of the pleasure which 
the animal felt. 19129 euld Jode 
When all present! had sufficiently 
witnessed this proceeding; @ sign Was 
made to the Malahar, who, seizing: the 
animal by the éendof the tail, took him 
up with rapidity, and place@hin dman 
empty basket. “Before admitting chim 
into the troop of dancers,for! one lof 
them, he, as well as' mostofthe cobra 
capellos that are taken, was destined 
to become,—it' was necessary! to de 
prive him of the means of being amis- 
chievous: ‘Todo this, he wasoplacedsat 
liberty upon the ground,’ he was then 
provoked ‘by being struck with piece 
of red cloth, fastened at the* end of :a 
stick; until at lasthe sprang furiously 
upon the ¢loth, which was then'shaken 
with so ‘much vidlence that. his ‘teeth 
were? at) length pulled ‘out. He owas 
then taken’ again’ ‘by othe! tail) cand 
placed in the basket.1> 
The basketsin which the snakes are 
kept, and of) which ‘the: Indians) géne- 
rallyi carry six) are’ flat’ andrround); 
and fastened like oscalés vat .eaelp send 
éfapieedcof barhbooywhieht restsnpon 
theoshouldérs) of the: bedarero(dWhen 
the. erson “who! keeps the roptiles'ex~ 
hibits them in 'publicsshev commences 


isl J2zoneoin 


by ranking the'baskets beforediim/inia 


semicirele, andsmakes the snakescome 
out in'succession)'! Atthe sound of the 
instrument the animal becomes creet, 

resting 


1822.] 
resting! with about, one-third, ,of, his 
body upon the ground, lis, pouch: is 
extended, and he keeps up,a balancing, 
motion, the original inpulse ito, which 
was, given. by. the knee, of, the person 
who ‘plays; the» iusitument; |, Before, 
concluding the, exhibition; it,is gusto- 
mary (to make,the, snake, caress, this 
instrument, whieh.is done by keeping 
up: the sound,,and advaneing the pipe 
towards the! animal, who on, his side 
résts:his head upon a-calabash, through 
ithis pipe is passed, After this 
eeremony, the snakes, are. put into 
their sbaskots,, and) carried »away. A 
hard-boiled - egg sis, the, Lsdlainieesicig 
wicks theyrdaily receive. » 
a8 /oLATIN: AND) GREEK.) 
paDhease fanguages are now become 
lished, and, perhaps} useless ; . yet, 
while.they constitute. part/ef, the edu- 
eation of gentlemen, it is. infamous not 
to know them. At.the same time, by 
a whimsical feeling of mankind, it is 
thought. pedantic) and ungentlemanly 
to-use them.in any .well-bred. society. 
Seyen;orscight years is therefore em- 
ployeddn the education jof our youth 
to Saye,appearances., Time will, cor- 
rect this error. 
vitnorsnive | SHERIDAN, 
ee Phisiwas at,once the most eloquent, 
most ingenious; and most idle man of 
hisitime: |I.employed him to present 
the:petition of the Grand Jury against 
Anis;andicould not, get him out of bed 
till half; past» four, on, the, afternoon 
when it|'stood for discussion, and he 
thenesat -for half; an hour with wet 
towels tied round his, head, to. relieve 
himself froma. head-ache, occasioned 
by the, saps hight’s, debauch. 
ii2 [EMPLOYMENT eso0 ©) 
The eniployencis of the lower BlAasee 
is to jsatisfy| their hunger, and, ofthe 
upper classes, to \discoyer medicines 
and:consnlt doctors for the purpose of 
érealing! huiigers Many a-rich man 
wonld igive:/half-his; estate, to feel.as 
voraciously hungry as» some, of his 
meanest labourersss fee oy! banlq 
1) eo AsGEORGE) THE ROURML! oy; 6 a 
oBhelongest personal favourite; w’ 
the;new King has: ever kept, » is) “ 
Pacaver, his dresser and, chief-yalet, 
Hevis a: Frenchman of; the. old school, 
enjoys the unbounded confidence 
of-his royal master, { He is his caterer 
of small news, and) of the chit-chat, out 
of; doors, and) within the; purlicus of 
the palace. .At-the same, time. it, is 
just to add, that he; has never been 
charged with abusing a station, which 


Stephensiana, No. TX. 


527 


in‘eourts has often been dhe means of 
promoting, dangerous.intrigues.:: 
The; next “domestic favourite: is 
Wilmet,, the chief cook,.also: a-Fxench¥ 
man, but familiarly, called. Jach Ham- 
mond(why, Lkuowmot); but, imaduxa- 
rious eourty aichief nookisia man who 
must be: as; often: consulted asia mi- 
nister,of;states+:>s,\} yiinuoo yieve ol 
Another -reyal favourite,: and per= 
haps more harmless,,is; Nap: the poodle 
dog, who was, taken ‘with ‘Napol¢en’s: 
carriage, and was for many years the 
intelligent, travelling . companion: of 
that.great man... Napnow.travels with 
his old. master’s more fortunate. rival, 
to whom he is not Jess faithful, and 
whom he amuses by his. numerous 
tricks . and, uncommon: sagacity. It 
might have-been hoped that the liberal 
treatment of the dog, would have béen 
extended to his illustrious master, who, 
by well-authentieated accounts,is not 
only chained to a rock, but, like. Pro-+ 
metheus, is constantly tortured aes a 
vulture. 
THE WEST-INDIA ISLANDS: ff 
These islands are ceasing to be de= 
sirable British colonies, excepti:for 
purposes of) ministerial; patronage: 
Canada may supply them with lumber; 
but it cannot consume an equal amount 
of their produce.) This, too, willin 
time be superseded by, East-Endia pro- 
duce under an’ open trade ;) for, if we 
send our manufactures; -and; destroy 
the Hindoo manufactures, we,.must 
take their sugars,andother West-India 
produee. ..'\ The. West-India,, islands 
seem likely, therefore,) either | to) be- 
come independant, or: to- be; incorpo- 
rated with some, of the) continental 
American winless) whieh least, bseertar 
with them. wod ¢ 
» THE BOURBONS«:| HiT tutl ¢ 
“When, 1 was at, Paris; F reemt woth 
Mr, Serjeant, B.; (now ajudge,) 4o see 
the: Bourbon, family return from ehapel, 
and:he, was, thejonly person who cheer- 
ed) them.) - - We ,> were; walking; away, 
and|I was rallying thelworthy Serjeant 
atthe, cireumstance; whem a-couple of 
Brenchmen | passed} us |. quiekly, and 
Joaded | us,,and. (our-nation. hae the 
Sten eaieete: to d18q, t9qGque-3i! 
visne eid FRENCH) MANNERS. a Wien; 
“The -French| are. an; elegant peo- 
ple, Apat | are guilty, of. little ‘inde- 
licagies: they. pick their: teeth with a 
fork,—No fruit, ,shops)in Patis, but 
fruit e¢llars-Pine-apples far inferior 
to ours; even\the grapes of Fontain- 
bleau are inferior to those of our hot- 
houses ! 


528. 
houses! Grange’s and Owen’s, in 
Piccadilly and Bond Street, have a 
finer display than any I have met with 
at Paris.—At breakfast they affect 
this hobby-horse:—It is common to 
have a cup of coffee, without cither 
milk or sugar, before they get up. 
Coffee always after dinner.—Religion 
almost confined to the ancienne noblesse. 
—Every woman of rank or fashion in 
France has her right to receive com- 
pany. The party naturally divides 
into two: the old ones play cards ; the 
young ones dance and romp under the 
inspection of each married woman. 
BELLS. 

The Venetians pretend that they 
introduced bells at Constantinople, in 
the ninth century ; but the oldest men- 
tion we can find in the Byzantine wri- 
ters, is of the year 1040. 

Queve.—When was the surrender of 
Jerusalem? for it appears that the 
conquerors imposed it as an article on 
the Christians, “ that they should not 
ring, but only ¢oll their bells.”—See 
Mod. Univ. Hist.i, 429. 

DUELLING. 

There is scarcely any subject on 
which more discordant opinions are 
entertained than on that of duelling ; 
and, whilst one party condemn it asa 
flagrant violation of all the laws both 
of God and man, others are contented 
to represent it as a necessary evil. 
Without, however, discussing at pre- 
sent the expediency of the practice, it 
appears that if an appeal must, in any 
case, be made to arms, the great ob- 
ject should be to place the champions 
on an equal footing, and prevent, as 
far as possible, the better cause from 
yielding to the more skilful combatant. 
Tn one single solitary instance has this 
been attained.. On the borders of 
Austria and Turkey, where a private 
pique, or private quarrel of a single 
. Individual, might occasion the massacre 
of a family or village, the desolation of 
a province, and perhaps eyen the more 
extended horrors of a national. war, 
whensoeyer. any serious dispute arises 
between two subjects of the different 
empires, recourse is had. to terminate 
it to what is called “the eustom.of the 
frontier.” A spacious plain or field is 
selected, whither, cn an appointed 
day, judges of the respective nations 
repair, accompanied by all those whom 
curiositygor interest. may assemble. 
The combatants are not restricted 
in the choice or number of their arms, 
or in their method of fighting, but each 


Stephensiana, No. 1X. 


is at liberty to employ whatsoever he 
conceives is most advantageous to him- 
self, and avail himself of every artifice 
to ensure his own safety, and destroy 
the life of his antagonist. One of the 
last times that this method of deciding 
a quarrel on the frontiers was resorted 
to, the circumstances were sufficiently 
curious, and the recital of them may 
serve to illustrate what is mentioned 
above. 

The phiegmatic German, armed with 
the most desperate weapon in the 
world—a rifled pistel_ mounted on a 
carbine stock, placed himself in. the 
middle of the field; and, conscious 
that he would infallibly destroy his 
enemy, if he could once get him within 
shot, began coolly to smoke his pipe. 
The Turk, on the contrary, with a 
pistol on one side and a pistol on the 
other, and two more in his bolsters, 
and two more in his breast, and a 
carbine at his back, and a sabre by 
his side, and a dagger in his belt, ad- 
vanced like a moying magazine, and, 
galloping round his. adversary,..kept 
incessantly firing at him. The. Ger- 
man, conscious that little or no danger 
was to be apprehended from such a 
marksman with such weapons, delibe- 
rately continued to smoke, his. pipe. 
The Turk, at length perceiving aysort 
of little explosion, as if his antagonist’s 
pistol had. missed fire, advaneed like 
lightning to cut him down, and almost 
immediately was shot dead. Thewily 
German had put some gunpowder into 
his pipe, the light of which his.enemy 
mistook, as the other had foreseen 
would be the case, for a flash in, the 
pan; and, no longer fearing the superior 
skill and supcrior arms of his adversary, 
fell a victim to them both, when se- 
conded by artifice. ; 

THE AMAZONS. 

The attention of the learned, has 
been for a long. time fixed upon the 
existence, of the Amazons; and the 
following, result,. deduced from | the 
profound researches and extended in- 
vestigations to which the subject has 
given rise, appears interesting and 
probable, and accords with the gene- 
ral tenor of history, An army of 
Sauromates having traversed Caucasus 
and Colchis, penetrated into the lesser 
Asia, and established’ themselves on 
the banks of the river Thermodon; 
content with finding a plain which re- 
called to their minds. the recollection 
of their country, and. feeling, as the 
Greeks under Xenophon antes + 

elt 


1822.] 


felt ap rehensive of not being able to 
bass the large tivers, ‘suchas ‘the 
alys, the Parthenius, andthe San- 
fee thése Nomiades liyed'in’ the 
Hae of Themis¢yra, upon the’ produce 
thei} ‘flocks; “dnd the” hooty whith 
thie acquired: by pillaging their neigh- 
ours.”* Tn’ ‘Scythia’ the women a¢com: 
Mee eir husbands to war and to 
the’ clase, and’ were skilful in horse- 
ae the use of the bow ; here 
guarded the shore. Some Greek 
als rs having met, fought with, and 
Been’ ‘obtiquieted ‘by, them, reported 
‘these coasts to be entirely inhabited by 
mien, who put every man that came 
sre them to death ; and from hence 


Syl beshinie then’ to defend them- 
past, , and “at last to subjugate their 
ibours ; that’ they had attempted 


ad stds: 


Novelties of For eign, Literature. 


529 
an expedition against Athens; and 
that their queen Thalestris had gone 
herself, or sent ambassadors, to the 
camp of Alexander,—is what, in defi- 
ance of the authority of many poets, 
philosophers, and_historians of anti- 
quity, we are no Jonger permitted to 
believe. We may remember the ex- 
pression of Lysimachus, when Onery- 
critus read to him the history of Tha- 
lestris, with which he had embcllished 
his work upon the exploits of Alex- 
ander—“ Oh! where was. I at, that 
time?” said Lysimachus to him, smiling. 

It is worthy of remark, that the 
names of Menalippa, Hyppolita, &e. 
given to these Sauromatides, these 
Amazons, are all Greek names; al- 
though itis manifest that these women 
must have borne barbarian names 
and derived from the language which 
they spoke. 


bs SNOVELTIES OF FOREIGN LITERATURE. 


bas .Sttis 


— 
“Webersioht aller chishrdbard Sprachen und 


~“wthre? Dialehte.Sirvey of all known 
eeLangiagesand Dialects; by Freve- 
S gaeK ‘ADELUNG)” Ritssian Counsellor 
dof State, Ye? Printed at St. Peters- 
*9bure in 1620. © 

E present work constitutes but 
eiBncaevéry small’ part of the grand 
adits banaeibive plan’ of the learned 


aap al is} in fast, almere index or » 


= tus}though’ a° most valuable 
to” thé! intended BiBLioTHECA 
GiePriek} *and, that the *réader may 
‘have Some ‘conception of the proposed 
ework, and ‘its great importance to the 
earned world; we shall heré insert the 
analysis ‘of’ the: atitho?’s ‘general ‘intro- 
-duction'to his Bibliotheca Glottica. 


I, History oF THE GENERAL SCIENCE _ 


, OF LANGUAGES. 


Th. EARLY ATTEMPTS 4 Arn BIBLIOTHECA a4 é 


oO “exorrica, 

QI Or LANGUAGE IN GENERAL? © O° 
olt1.(The faculty ‘of Fie ais aineke eon. 
opiderdditsi xo bres 101g 
wait dan Blapsioldtridaliy Eto sqieov 
bun be: Psychologically, aywith an piri 


~Sit 2. gilt 


t7 our seictPee of brutes 


RURD ve 
i98A9 

mo a9712 

: ant 
he éstion— 

€ 4 eb ROM. 110 


“J5rThe language of signs 1: 
Mownrny Mac. so ii 


Sie 


ves a tect communication, 


Abid ag J ban 
Zk 


ae or: lid anguage, 
Which the oldest of oft 


6. On the diversity of languages, and 
their physical, historical, and moral causes. 

7. History of. the attempts at ‘an uni- 
versal language. 
IV. GENERAL GRAMMAR. 
V. OF WRITING : 
_ 1. The origin of writing: 

a. Pictures. .. Syd 

b. Hieroglyphics : 

é i ptian. ty 

exican. 

i Variotis otliers,” 5 ie ah 
¢. Alphabetic writing: “°'" ©" 
d, Arrow or Babylon aleve 

2. Account of all the known alphabets. 
3. History “of the ee at an uii- 
versal character. ; fdiaeog Be 1 
» 4. Short-hand writings 9)/} o} oni 
- a, Stenographyy,j ioe alenia on 
b, Tachygraphy, | tiBds » a 
ks _Pasigraphy.,,. lea’ f 
_4. Abbreviations or contacto: 
nigh Nee ONAN, hai 


vod .twodiiW 
’ ali i $f 


sti Ge 


10 5! ee cevwntngs 10 lia 218 i0 
S108 af 
er eae SAN 
292118 93 tasy: "Phe art ve deeypenig: Hon 
fn i) Bol Historyrof eyphiors, noowied 
php »yoOw i oe 
gilt 20 c.,Telegraphys | {fy 7 nt ty > + 
Vis A BIND, or eomnexion oF LAN- 
Vi [AGES ep105 soit ly, ; 
IL, i eae ce OF \RHE,, Cian pace 
BY AG HS or com- 
fan ive 


| ve pili 

‘4. Poly glotts . 
ye “sh 

h Grammars. 


BPX ow c. Bibles. 


530 


c. Bibles. 
d. The Lord’s Prayer, collections of. 
e. Separate essays : 

e. Bachmeister’s specimen. 

f. The parable of the Prodigal 
Son. 

y. The words of the great com- 
paratiye vocabulary of Ca- 
tharine JT. 

2. Comparisons of various languages 
with each other. 
3. Maps of languages. 
VIII. DEAD LANGUAGES: 
1. Ancient. 
2. Modern: 
a, Literature. 
b. Remains of languages. 


Such is the gigantic plan, which the 
learned author hopes to carry into exe- 
cution; and, as the basis of it is to be 
facts, he begins by an attempt to ascer- 
tain the names of all the languages of 
the globe, and to collect specimens of 
every dialect. This labour (as_ he 
justly observes inhis preface, page iv.) 
was by far the most difficult part of his 
undertaking. But, that he has been 
eminently successful in this particular, 
will be evident from the following re- 
sult of his labours :— 

That my work will be free from errors, 
I cannot expect; but I venture to affirm, 
that it gives a more complete view of the 
subject than has hitherto appeared, and, 
perhaps, than it has been possible to ex- 
hibit. For this advantage it is indebted to 
the abundant sources of information, 
which the modern travels, particularly of 
the English, the Bible Societies, and the 
more extended range of philological 
science, have opened during the last ten 
years ; and it will hardly appear credible 
io those who have not ascertained the fact 
by comparison, that my survey exhibits 

987 names of Asiatic languages, 

587 European, 

276 Aftican ; and 

1214 American; 

making, consequently, in the whole 3064 
languages and dialects; while the indefa- 
tigable and successful diligence of the 
authors of ‘¢ the Mithwidates’” could collect 
together only about 2000. — Preface, 
pages vil. viii. 

The work consists of two parts; in 
the first, the author gives a list of all 
the languages, arranged according to 
their respective stocks or families, 
and the geographical situation of the 
nations that speak them; and in the 
‘second part, the names of the languages 
are arranged alphabetically under each 
quarter of the globe. 

1. ASIA. 
Monosyllabic— 
I, Chinese. 


Novelties of Foreign Literature. 


[July 1, 

IT. Tibetian, Thobbot, Tangutian. 

III. Boman, Boma, Barma, Burman, 
Byamma, Myamma, Avan, 

IV. Peguan. 

V. Anamitic. 

VI. Siamese, Siuanlo. 

Polysyllabic ; arranged under the following 
geographical divisions: 
A. Southern Asia ; comprehending 

I. The Malay; from the eastern coast 
of Africa and Madagascar, to Easter 
Island in the South Sea, 

II. Farther India, stock of. 

B. Western Asia ; comprehending 

I. The Semitic stock. 

II. Armenian, Haikan. 

III. Georgian, Grusinian, Iberian. 

IV. Caucasian. 

C. Middle Asia; comprehending 

I. The Turcico-Tatar stock. 

II. Mongolian. 

IIL. Mandschu, 

1V. Corean. 

D. Northern Asia. Siberia ; compre- 
hending 

I. Various mixed nations on the fron 
tiers of Asia and Europe. : 

II. Samoyedes. 

III. Nations of various unknown stocks 
in north-eastern Asia. 

E. Islands of Eastern Asia; comprehending 

I. Sachalin, or Tschoka, 

II. Japan, 

IIf. Insu, Jedso, Tschika. 

IV. Lieu-Kieu islands, Lgutschu islands, 
Lew-Chew. 

V. Formosa. 

2. EUROPE. 

I. Cantabrian, or Basque. 

IT. Celtic stock. 

III. Celtico-Germanic, 
stock. 

IV. German (Germanischer) 
comprehending 

A. The German (Deutscher) main 
stock, 

B. Scandinavian main stock. 

C. English. 

V. Vhracico-Pelasgic Greek and Latin 

stock ; comprehending 
A. The Thracico-I{llyrian main: stock, 
in Asia Minor and in Europe 
B. Pelasgic main stock. 
C. Hellenic-Greek main stock. 
D. Latin stock. . 

VI. Slavonic (Slavischer) stock. 

VII. Germanico-Slavonic, or Lettish 
stock. 

VIII. Romano-Slavonic, or Wallachian. 

IX. Tshudish stock. 

X. Mixed languages on the south- 
eastern border of Europe, comprehend- 
ing the Hungarian and Albanian, with 
their dialects. 

3. AFRICA. 

I. Northern Africa,as far as thesouthern 

frontiers of Sahara : 
A. Barbary. ¢ 


or 'Cimbrian 


stock ; 


B. Guanchen, 


1822.] 


B. Guanchen. 

II. Middle Africa : 

A. North-eastern nations, compre- 
hending the Copts, Nubians, and 
Abyssinians. 

B. Countries between Sahara and 
Gulbi. 

C. Middle Africa, Proper, compre- 
hending the Yalofs, Mandingoes, 
Congoes. 

D. The greater part of the imper- 
fectly-known territories in the 
interior of Africa, from Abyssi- 
nia, &c. 

E. The Caffres; from Quiloa to the 
Hottentots. 

III. The southern extremity of Africa 

including the Hottentots, &c. 
4, AMERICA. 

I. South America. 

II. Middle America. 

Ill. North America: 

A. The northern parts of New Mexico, 
with California and the west coast 
of America, to Prince William’s 
Sound. 

B. Territories on the west side of the 
Mississippi, and between that river 
and the Missouri and Arkansas. 

C, Territories on the east side of the 
Mississippi, to the Ohio and the 
eastern Great Lakes. 

D. Northern territories on the eastern 
coast and Hudson’s Bay ; above 
and below the Great Lakes to- 
wards the great western chain of 
mountains, 

E. The territories on the northern coast 
from Greenland and Labrador to 

 Behring’s straits, and from the pe- 

ninsula of Alaksa to Prince Wii- 
liam’s Sound. 


Under the North American divisions, 
which are above designated by the 
letters B and C (territories east and 
west of the Mississippi), the author 
enumerates many names which are 
familiar to us; but he also mentions a 
great number of which we have seldom 
or never heard. As this region of the 
continent is the most mteresting to an 
American reader, we have thought it 
might be useful to give the whole list 
in detail; in order that any omissions 
or errors (if any such exist) may be 
supplied and corrected from that 
country. This extract will at the same 
time. give the reader an idea of the 
extraordinary minuteness of the whole 
work. 

B. Territories on the west side of the 
Mississippi, &c. 

a. Indian stocks at the sources of the 
Missouri : ' 

1. The Blood Indians. 
2. Paegans, Picaneaux, 


Survey of all known Languages and Dialects. 531 


8. Black-foot Indians. 
4, Fall Indians. 

5, Minetares. 

6. Snake Indians. 

7. Crow Indians. 

8. Achwahhaway. 

9. Mandans. 


. Naudowessies, Narcotah : 


«, On the banks of the waters of the 
St. Croix : 

1. Nehogatawonas. 

2, Matabantowas. Mawtawbaun- 
towahs. Carver, 

3. Schahswintowaher. Shahsween- 
towahs. Id. 

f£. Naudowessies of the Plains : 

1. Wapintowas. 

2. Tintons. 

3. Ascahcutons. 

4. Mahas. 

5. Shians. 

6. Shianis. 

7. Tschunguscetons. 

8. Waddapachestens. 

9. Assiniboils, Assinipoils, Assini- 
boins, Assinipoetuk, (As-sin-e- 
po-e-tue,) Sioux, Stone-Sioux, 
Stone Indians, 

aa. Manetopa. 
bb. Oseegah. 
cc. Mantopanato. 
10. Wahpatone. 
11. Mindawarcaton. 
12. Yanktongs. 
aa, Minowa—Kantongs. 
bb. Washpetong. 
ce. Sussitongs. 
dd, Titong, Tetons. 
we, Okandandas. 
£2. Minnakinneazzo. 
yy. Sahone, 


c, On the east side of the Mississippi. 


1. Sakies, Saukis. 
2. Ottogamies. 
3. Menomenes, Folle Avoine. 


d. Osages and Panis, [Pawnees.] 


a, Osages : 
1. Winnebagoes, Puants. 
2. Ayouas, 
3. Otataches. 
4. Missouris. 
5. Otos, Ottoes, Octolactos. 
6. Maha, Mahaws, Maia, Yucatan. 
7. Ponzar. 
8. Kanzes. 
B. Panis, Panias: 
1. Ricaras, » 
2. Panis-Mahaws, Panimachas. 
3, Pania-pique 
4. Tawakenoes. 
5, Tancards, 


e. In the territories of the Red River: 


«, Caddos,Caddoques,Cadodaquioux. 
1. Nentego, Nentico, Nantico, 
Nanticokes, Nandakoes, (Wa- 
ter-people. ) 
2. Nabadaches. 
5. Inies, Tachies. 
4, Yattasees, 


Novelties of Foreign Literature. 


4. Yattasees. 
5. Adaize, Adayes. 
6. Nacogdoches. 
7. Keychies, Keyes, 
8. Natchitoches. 
9. Tunicas, 

8. Bedies. 

y. Aliche, Eyeish. 

6. Accocesaws. 

z, Mayes. 

¢. Cances. 

n. Carancouas, 

S. Attacapas. 

s. Appalousa. 

x Chactoos. 

a. Washash. 


[July 1, 
x. Uches, Savannucas. 

a. Seminoles. 

2. Tschikasah, Chikkasaw (Chicachas) 
Mowill, Mobilians, Mobil-lan- 
guage. 

«, Chatchi-Oumas, Chetimachas? 
£. Oufé-Ogulas. 

y. Tapoussas, 

é. Coroas. 

z. Yazoux. 

&. Grigras. 

n. Thioux. 

3. Tschaktahs, Chaktaws, Chatkas, 
Catawbas. 

4, Tschelokis, also fulsely called Chee- 
rake, Cheraquis, Tscherlocky, 


Tschirokesen. 
c. Wotcons. 
d, Katahba, 
1. Wataree. 


C. Territories on the EAsT side of the 
Mississippi, to the Ohio, and the 
Great Lakes: 

a, Nations and dialects next eastward 


of the mouths of the Mississippi and 
in Florida. 
4. On the island Malhado: 
«, Caoques, 
&. Han. 

2. On the Continent: 
«, Choriuco. 
8. Doguenes, 
y- Mendica, 
5. Quevenes. 
«. Mariames. 
é. Gualsiones, 
n. Yguaces. 
3. Atayos. 
s. Acubadaos. 
x. Quitoles. 
a Avavares, 
p» Muliacones. 
y. Cutalchiches. 
&. Susolas. 
o, Comos. 
a. Camoles. 

3. Nations which have emigrated from 
the East side of Mississippi to 
the West side: 

e. Pacanas, 
B. Pascagolas, (Pachea-ogoulas.) 
y. Boluxas. 
8. Appalachi, Wapanachki, 
s. Natchez, Natuxéz. 
. Tunicas. : 
é: Srichatann: } almost extinct. 

4. At St. Augustine, on the east side; 
Timuaca. 

b. Tschikasah (Chikkasaw) and kindred 

dialects : 

4. Muskohge, Creeks, Muskogulgen- 
Creek. 

Nations of the Muskohge-union ; 
a, Caouittas, Cawittas. 
f£. Conshacs. 
y. Oakmulgees. 
8. Alibamous, Alibamis- 
=. Taensas. 
&. Yasows. 
n. Conchattas. 
%. Abeikas. 
s, Stincards, 


2. Eeno, 

3. Chawah, Chowan. 
4, Langgaree. 

5. Nachee. 

6. Yamasee. 

7. Coosah. 


e. The Six Nations; called by them- 


selves Ongwe-honwe, (greater thar 
all others,) also Aquanoshioni, 
Aquanuschionig or Konungzi Oniga 
(united nations); called by the 
Dutch,Maquaica, Maquas, Mengwe, 
Mingus ; by the French, Iroquois. 

1. Senekas, Tsonontouas, Machach- 
tini (inhabitants of the hills). 

2. Mohawks, Sankhicanni. 

Cochnewagoes, Cochnewaga, Cah- 
nuaga. 

3. Onondagos, Onontagnes, 

4, Oneidas, Oniadas, Oneyouts. 

W’tassone. : 
5. Cayugas, Goyogans. Queugue. 
6. Tuscaroras. 

Here belong further, 

7. Canai; called by the English Ca- 
nais, Conois, Conoys, Canaways, 
Kanhawas, Canawese. 

8. Nanticokes. 

9. Ahouandate; called by the Eng- 
lish, Wyandots, Wyondots; by 
the French, Guyandots, or more 
commonly Hurons. 

10. Hochelaga. 

11. Mynckussar, Mynqueser. 

12. Erigas. 

13. Wanat. 

14. Cochnowagoes. 


D. The northern territories of the east 


side, and to Hudson’s Bay, above and 
below the Great Lakes, towards the 
great western chain of mountains, 


Chippeway-Delaware, or Algonkin-Mo- 


hegan stock, in Virginia: 
a, Southern branches— 
4. Pampticoughs. 
2. Shawanos, Sawanno, Shawnee 
(Shawaneu, south country.) 
3. Kickapoos, Oucahipoes. 
4, Miamis, 


1322.] 


4. Miamis, or Twightwees. 

«2 Ouyatonons. 

B. Mlinois. 
saa, Kaskaskias, 
bh. Cahokias, 
ce. Piorias. 
dd. Kasquias. 
ee. Mitchigamies. 
ff. Piankashaws, Piankichas, 
gg. Kikapoos. 
hh. Poteouatamies, Pottawa- 

tameh, Pattawattomi., 

zi. Outaouas. 
kk. Chatnis. 


4. Northern branches: 


1. Delaware, and its nearest stocks: 
«, Delaware, Lenni-Lenape (origi- 
nal people), Lennopea. 
aa. Unimis, Wanami, Turtle. 
bb. Unalachtgo, Unalachtigo, 
Wunalachtigo, Turkey. 
cc. Minsi, Ministi, Monsi, Mun- 
seyis, Monsonies. 
&. New Sweden, now New Jersey: 
Sankikani., 
2. Narraganset— 
a Pequittoog. 
&. Nanhigganeuk. 
y. Massachuseuk, Massachusett. 
8, Cawasumseuk. 
«. Cowweseuk, Cowweset. 
€. Quintikook. 
4. Qunnipieuk. 
3. Pawkunnawkut. 
s, Pawtuket, Nechesangett. 
x, Neepmuck, 

3. Natik, Nadik, Nianticks. : 

4, Abenaquis, Abenakis, Apenaki, 
Openagi, corrupted from Wapa- 
nachki, Eastlanders, 

a. Canibas, Kennebek. 

f. Etchemines, Malécites. 
y- Gaspesians, 

3, Missiassik, 

#, Arosaguntakik. 

5. Mahikanni, Mankikani; called by 
the Dutch, Makikanders; by the 
French, Mourigans, Mahingans, 
Mauhikans ; by the English, Mo- 
hiccons, Mohuccans, Mahegans, 
Mohegans, Muheekanew, Schati- 
kooks ; River-Indians, The same 
with the Pequots. 

«. Much-quauh. 
f. Mech-cha-ooh., 
y- Toon-pa-oh. 

6. Penobscot Indians. 

7. Estechemines, Etechemines, 

8. Micmak. 

9. Souriquois. 


C. Middle main branch, to the north of 


the foregoing : 
1, Algonkins; 
«. Acadia. 

aa. Abenaki, 

bb, Openango, 

cc. Soccoki. 


Survey of all known Languages and Dialects. 


533 


&. Along the river St. Lawrence to 
Montreal : 
aa. Papinachoi. 
bb. Montanaro. 
cc. Abenaki di Sillery, 
y- On lake Huron; 
aa, Nocke. 
bb. Altikamek, 
cc. Outepoue. 
3, Between the Mississippi, Michigan, 
and Lake Erie: 
aa, Oumami. 
bb. Makouten. 
ce. Outagami, 
dd. Malomimi. 
ee. Poiiteoiiatami. 
ff. Ojatinon. 
gg. Saki. 
«, On lake Ontario: 
aa. Tsonontoiian, 
bb. Goyoguan. 
cc. Onnotague. 
dd. Onnoyoute. 
& In the neighbourhood of the Oiis 
touas rivers: 
aa. Machakandibi. 
bb. Nopemen d’Achirini. 
ec. Nepisirini. 
dd. Temiskamink. 
». On the north of the Mississippi to 
the upper lakes and Hudson’s Bay : 
aa. Assimpoiial. 
bb. Sonkaskiton. 
ec. Ouadbaton. 
dd. Atinton. 


2. Chippeways: 


a, Chippeways on the south-of the 
upper lakes, 

B. Crees, 

y- Nepesangs. 

5, Algonkins, on the lake of the two 
mountains. 

«, Ottoways, Ottawas, or, as they call 
themselves, Wtawas. 

é. Iroquois-Chippeways. 

n. Muskonongs. 

J. Messisaugers, Messisagues. 


3. Knistenaux, Chnisteneaux, Christe- 


neaux, Clisteno. 
a. Nehethawa, Nehetwa. 
8. Skoffie. 
y. Sketapushoish. 
8, Matassins, 


d. North-western branches ? 
Chepewyan. 


Nawse Oto 


Nagailer. 


. Slua-cuss-dinais. 
. Neguia-dinais. 
. Nasrad.denee, 
- Beaver-Indians. 
- Stone Indians, 


Satsees. 


8. Hudson’s Bay. 
E, The northerly coasts of Greenland and 


Labrador to Behring’s Straight, and 
from the peninsula of Alaksa to 
Prince William’s Sound : 


Eskimo stock, Karalit. 


a, Bastermn 


534 


a, Eastern side ; 
1. Greenland. 
2. Labrador, Eskimo. 
3. North coast of Hudson's Bay. 
4. Humoky dialect. 
b. Western side: 
1. Inhabitants of Prince William’s 
Sound. 


British Legislation. 


[July 1, 
2. Tschugazzi. 

3. Konagen, in Kadjak. . 

4, Norton Sound. 

5. Sedentary Tschuktsghi. 

6. Jakutat. 


Such is the outline of the vast work 
in contemplation. 


BRITISH LEGISLATION. 


ACTS PASSED in the FIRST YEAR of the REIGN of GEORGE THE FOURTH, 07 in the 
THIRD SESSION of the SEVENTH PARLIAMENT of the UNITED KINGDOM. 
——a 


AP.I. To suppress Insurrections 

and prevent Disturbance of the 
Public Peace in Ireland, until the 1st 
day of August, 1822.—Feb. 11, 1822. 

‘Two justices may cause clerk of the 
peace to summon an extraordinary session, 
who shall give notice thereof, and cause 
justices to be summoned.—Justices so as- 
sembled may signify, by memorial to the 
Lord Lieutenant, that the county is dis- 
turbed, or in danger of being so.—Lord 
Lieutenant and Ceuncil may proclaim such 
county to be in a state of disturbance. 

Proclamation shall warn the inhabitants 
to remuinin their houses between sun-set and 
sun-rise ; and shall appoint special sessions 
of the peace.—Places proclaimed to be 
considered as such from the day inhabi- 
tants shall be required to remain within 
their houses.—Proclamations shall be con- 

_clusive evidence in civil and criminal 
courts. 

Lord Lieutenant may appoint a King’s 
serjeant or counsel to preside at Special 
Sessions.—Such serjeant or counsel to 
preside as chief judge, and Court of Ses- 
sions shall have all powers and authorities 
as are incident to Courts of Oyer and Ter- 
miner, &c, and shall proceed without Grand 
Jury, &c, as herein mentioned.—Discre- 
tion given to Court to try persons by jury. 

Persons found out of place of abode to 
be brought before magistrates, and if not 
out on lawful occasions, deemed idle and 
disorderly. 

Justices, &c. may enter houses, and 
absent persons deemed idle and disorderly, 

Persons administering or taking oaths 
for seditious purposes, &c, or not giving 
information concerning the same, deemed 
idle and disorderly.—Persons circulating 
notices to excite riots or unlawful meet- 
ings, or demanding money, arms, &c, 
deemed idle and disorderly. 

Persons having arms deemed idle and 
disorderly. — Persons found in public- 
houses, after certain time, deemed. idle 
and disorderly. — Persons tumultuously 
assembled, deemed idle and disorderly. 

Persons convicted of being idle and 
disorderly, TO BE TRANSPORTED: FOR 
SEVEN YEARS.—Persons adjudged to be 
transported, may be sent out of the coun- 
try to any gaol in Ireland, 


Persons guilty of hawking seditious pa- 
pers deemed idle and disorderly, but, as 
such, not liable to transportation, 

Special Sessions not to take cognizance 
of any offence, except of idle and disor- 
derly persons, &c. 

Magistrates of adjacent counties at large 
may execute this Act within counties of 
cities or of towns, &c. 

If any action, suit, plaint, or information 
shall be commenced or prosecuted against 
any person or persons for what he or they 
shall do in pursuance and execution of 
this Act, the same shall be commenced 
within six months after the offence com- 
mitted, and shall be brought or laid within 
the county where the act was committed ; 
and such person so sued may plead) the 
general issue of Not guilty, and, nponissue 
joined, may give this act and the special 
matter in evidence ; and if the plaintiff or 
prosecutor shall become nonsuit, or forbear 
prosecution, or suffer discontinuance, or 
af a verdict or judgment on demurrer 
shall pass against him, the defendant shall 
recover treble costs. F 309 

When verdict for plaintiff, if judge cer- 
tifies that there was probable cause’ for 
doing the act, only 6d. damages.—-Where 
act was maliciously committed, treble 
costs. 


Cap. If. To empower the Lord 
Lieutenant, or other Chief Governor or 
Governors of Ireland, to apprehend and 
detain, until the 1st day of ‘August, 
1822, such Persons as he or they shall 
suspect of conspiring against his’ Ma- 
jesty’s Person and Government.—Feb.11. 

Persons imprisoned in Ireland for high 
treason, &c. may be detained till Aug.1, 
1822, and shall not be bailed or tried with- 
out an order from the Privy Council. 

Persons to whom warrants of commit- 
ments are directed shall detain the persons” 
so committed in safe custody. 

Persons charged with the custody, as 
also the place of detention, may be 
changed. Eee 

Cap. Ill. For indemnifying such 
Persons as have seized or detained any 
Arms or Gunpowder tn Ireland, since 
the \st day of November, 1821, os 

the 


1822.] 


the Preservation of the Public Peace.— 
Mareh 11. 

All proceedings against persons who 
have, for preservation of lives and pro- 
perty, seized arms and gunpowder without 
legal authority, discharged and made void. 

On any proceeding against any person 
for such acts, he may plead the general 
issue, and give this act in evidence. 

Cap. 1V. To regulate the Importa- 
tion of Arms, Gunpowder, and Ammu- 
nition into Ireland, and the making, re- 
moving, selling, and keeping of Arms, 
Gunpowder, and Ammunition, in Ire- 
land, for seven Years, and from thence 
until the End of the then next Session of 
Parliament.—Marcli 11. 

After passing of this Act, not lawful to 
import cannon, mortars, or ordnance, 
guns, pistols, &c. without licence from 
Lord Lieutenant or Chief Seeretary.— 
Arms, &c. imported without licence, for- 
feited; and any vessel having such on- 
board, in any port, without licence, for- 
feited, with arms, &c.— Penalty on 
Importer 500/. ; on master of vessel 2001. 

No person in Ireland shall manufacture 


New Patents and Mechanical Inventions.  . 


535 


gunpowder. without licence from Lord 
Lieutenant, &c.—Penalty on making gun- 
powder without licence, 500/.—Manufac- 
turer not to sell without licence of Lord 
Lieutenant, &c. 

Penalty on persons who deal in gun- 
powder during prohibition, 500/.; and all 
such gunpowder may be seized. 

Persons not licensed as aforesaid, not 
to keep more than 2 Ibs. weight of gun- 
powder, nor any ordnance, without li- 
cence from Lord Lieutenant , &c. penalty 
5001.—1001. penalty on selling more than 
2 Ibs. weight, unless licence produced’ by 
person buying.—Penalty for selling more 
than 2 lbs. of gunpowder to any one per- 
son within any period of two months, - 

Cannon, arms, &c. not to be removed, 
nor more than 2 lbs. of gunpowder, with- 
out licence. 

Penalty on removal 5001. 

Cap. V. To repeal so much of an 
Act made in the 55th Year of the Reign 
of his late Majesty, for taking an Ac- 
count of the Population of Ireland, as 
relates to certain Expenses to be incur- 
red under the said Act.—March 11. 


-NEW PATENTS AND MECHANICAL INVENTIONS. 


—<p~_—_ 


To Mr. Mattuew Busn, of Battersea 
| Pields, Surrey; for an Improvement 
“on a Machine now in use, for Print- 
ing Silks, Linens, Woollens, Sc. 
HIS is an improvement upon a 
, printing apparatus, for which 
Mr. Bush obtained a patent in January 
1813. In that patent, the improve- 
ment upon the ordinary press, with 
copper-plates, employed for printing 
silks, linens, calicoes, and woollens, 
consisted in the introduction of one or 
more “reyolving pieces, which carry 
circular faced blocks, for printing.” 
The present improvement consists of 
the substitution of flat faced blocks, 
on which the subject in relief is to be 
cut, for the purpose of printing two or 
more colours, and also for the employ- 
ment of copper-plates in a different 
manner to that hitherto practised. The 
patentee states, that this invention is 
applicable to common copper-plate 
printing-presses, now in use for the 
printing of silks, linens, calicoes, 
- woollens, &e. and that, by means of 
this improvement, shawls and handker- 
chiefs, with borders, can be printed in 
the same machines, with great rapi- 
dity, by taking successive impressions 
from two narrow copper-plates, which 
are to be attached to the moving car- 
riage or rail of the press. 


The first part of the invention con- 
sists in the manner of applying the 
two copper-plates. That plate which 
is to give the pattern of the interior 
part of the shawl or handkerchief, is 
proposed to be in breadth one-fifth of 
the size of the handkerchief, within the 
border, and as long as the handker- 
chief is wide, including the border; 
the corresponding fifth parts of which 
are to be engraved at its ends. This 
plate is intended to produce the com- 
plete internal pattern, at five succes- 
Sive impressions; and the second 
plate, which contains the border only, 
is intended, by sliding the carriage 
forward, to occupy the place of the 
last, and complete the impression or 
pattern, by giving the border. The 
border plate is made to turn round ho- 
rizontally upon a pivot, so as to give 
the border in the reverse direction for 
the commencement of the next hand- 
kerchief; after which, the carriage is 
slidden back again, and five succes- 
sive impressions taken from the first 
plate, as before described, for the in- 
ternal pattern of the handkerchief. 

The second part of the improvement 
consists in the manner of applying the 
flat block to print or ground another 
colour. This block is suspended by 
levers, and is brought in contact with 

the 
2 


536 : 


the piece of goods intended to be fur- 
ther printed, immediately after the 
main roller has delivered the piece 
from the copper-plate. A colouring 
roller is made to pass against the en- 
graved surface of the block, when in 
its quiescent state; and, as the piece 
approaches to be printed, the levers 
raise the block, and at the same time 
a circular press acts against the back 
of the block, so as to bring it in con- 
tact with the piece of goods, and causes 
the impression to be given.—London 
Journal. ; 


To Mr. Samuet Kenrick, of West 
Bromwich, Staffordshire ; for an im- 
proved method of Tinning Cast-Iron 
Vessels of Capacity. Nov. 20. 

This useful invention consists in a 
mode of suddenly cooling, and setting 
tin, and other fusible metals, mixed 
with tin, upon the surface of cast-iron; 
which is effected by the application of 
arapid current of cold air, to the coat- 
ing of tin, whilst in the state of fusion. 
The vessel, or surface of cast-iron, is 
to be rendered smooth, and the same 
method resorted to of using the mol- 
ten or fluid metal with sal-ammoniac. 
But in the operation of cooling, or set- 
ting the tin, instead of immersion in 
cold water, a powerful biast of cold 
air is to be thrown upon the surface of 
the vessel, by which the tin becomes 
instantly set upon the iron surface. 
Bellows, or a blowing machine, may 
be employed for this purpose, and the 
air admitted suddenly, by means of a 
stop-cock, into a vessel containing the 
article to be tinned. Mr. K. confines 
his claim to the employment of a rapid 
current of air artificially, for the pur- 
pose of suddenly cooling and setting 
the tin upon cast-iron vessels, to com- 
plete the operation of tinning the same, 
—Londom Journal. 


To CoLtoneL ‘GoLpriNncH, of Hythe; 
for the Formation of Horse-shoes.— 
Oct. 21. 

This improvement consists inmaking 
the horse-shoe in two parts, or sepa- 
rating it into two pieces, by cutting it 
through near the toe. The object of 
this contrivance is, that the frogs of 
the horse’s hoof may be enabled to 
expand and grow in a healthy state. 
The separation is to be made in any 


New Patents and Mechanical Inventions. 


[July 1, 
indented form, and the two parts fas- 
tened together by pins. Itis further 
proposed to attach the shoe to the 
horse’s hoof, by driving the nails 
obliquely, as in the French manner of 
shoeing. For this purpose, the situa- 
tions of the nail holes are to be from 
about one-third to half the width of 
the shoe, distant from its outer edge, 
and tending in a slanting direction 
outwards.— London Journal, 


To Mr. Samurt Hat, of Basford, 
Nottinghamshire ; for improvements 
in the Manufacture of Starch. — 
Nov. 21. 

The improvement removes all. co- 
louring matter from the starch, by the 
employment of oxygenated muriatic 
acid, and diluted sulphuric acid. This 
may be performed by submitting the 
starch to the action of the oxymuriatic 
acid, in its gazeous state, or in any 
other combination which is proper for 
bleaching purposes; the oxymuriate 
of lime, however, is preferred, as be- 
ing both convenient and economical, 
and is used in the following manner. 

After the starch has been prepared 
by the usual processes, and. has. ar- 
rived at the state in which it is ready 
for boxing, instead of proceeding to 
box the starch, it is to be stirred. up 
with as much water as will make it 
about the consistency of cream. -To 
this is now added the oxygenated mu- 
riate of lime, and the whole continually 
agitated, whilst the acid is operating 
upon the starch to whiten it. 

A large quantity of water is then 
to be added, and, after well stirring 
the mixture, it is left till the starch 
subsides to the bottom, The water 
must be then drawn off, and diluted 
sulphuric acid poured into the starch, 
which is to be again agitated, until the 
acid has acted fully upon it. A consi- 
derable quantity of water must be 
now employed to wash away the 
oxymuriatic and sulphuric acids, after 
which the starch is left to subside, and 
the water drawn off as before. The 
washing may be repeated with clean 
water, as often as may be thought ne- 
cessary to remove all smell from the 
starch, which is then to be boxed, 
dried, and finished in the usual man- 
ner.—London Journal, 


PROCEEDINGS 


1822.] 


[537 J 


PROCEEDINGS OF PUBLIC SOCIETIES. 


—a 


THE LONDON HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
Method of forcing Asparagus, practised 
by Mr. Witxiam Ross, at Wyke- 

House, near Brentford. 

R. William Ross, in the month 
of January, had some of the 
strongest asparagus ever noticed at 
that season. He senta sample to the 
general meeting of the Horticultural 
Society in February last, and gave the 
following account of his practice. 
The pits, in which his succession pines 
are kept in the summer, have at bottom 
2 layer of leaves, about eighteen inches 
deep, covered with the same thickness 
of tan, which becomes quite cold when 
the pines are removed. In one of the 
pits he spread over the entire surface 
of the old tan a quantity of asparagus 
roots, which he covered with six inches 
more of tan, and applied linings of hot 
dung, successively renewed, round the 
Sides, keeping up thereby a good heat. 
This was done in the middle of De- 
cember; and, in five weeks, the crop 
was fit for use. As soon as the shoots 
made their appearance, and during the 
day-time, he took off the lights, intro- 
ducing as much air as possible, which 
ve them a good natural colour, and 
fhe Size was nearly as large as if they 
had been produced in the open ground, 
at the usual season. 

To insure perfect success, it is expe- 
dient to have good roots to place in the 
bed; the usual plan of taking them 
from the exhausted old beds of the 


garden is bad. If they are past their . 


best, and unfit to remain in the gar- 
den, they cannot be in a good state for 
forcing. Young roots, four years old 
from the seed, are much preferable : 
they are costly, if they are to be pur- 
chased every year ; but, where there is 
sufficient space, a regular sowing for 
this particular purpose should be made 
annually, and thus a succession of 
stock secured. 
Improved Method of planting Vines for 
_ Forcing. By Mr. Danier Jupp. 
In the winter of 1817, says Mr. 
Judd, I procureda quantity of the top- 
spit of soil from a common which 
consisted of arichloam, ratherinclining 
to be gritty, which property I prefer, 
because it gives a porousness to the 
compost, thereby allowing the water to 
pass freely through it. At the same 
time I collected some lime rubbish, 
well broken to pieces and sifted, some 
MontHLy Mac. No. 369. 


old tan, some leaf mould, and a quan- 
tity of the richest old dung I could se- 
lect from the forcing-beds and else- 
where. 

These materials having been kept 
separate, and frequently turned over in 
the summer, were mixed together in 
the autumn of 1818, in the following 
portions : one-half of loam, one-fourth 
of dung, and one-fourth. of lime rub- 
bish, united with the tan and leaf- 
mould. They were well mixed, by 
frequent turnings (but were not sifted) 
during the winter, when the weather 
was frosty or dry, for this operation 
should never be performed in wet 
weather. 

It may be noticed, that I did not use 
so much dung in my compost as is 
sometimes done; for I have observed 
that an excess of it retards the growth 
of the vine, notwithstanding it is con- 
sidered to be a plant which will bear 
an extraordinary quantity of manure. 
The addition of old tan to the com- 
post, which is not usual, [ recommend, 
because I know, from experience, 
that the vines will root in that more 
freely than in any other substance. 

In March last, the border, in front 
of the vinery, was cleared to the depth 
of upwards of three feet, below which 
it was drained, and then filled up with 
the new compost to the level of the 
bottom plate of the house; this was 
done in fine weather, and the new 
mould had full two months time to set- 
tle well before the young vines were 
planted in it. 

My vine plants were raised from 
single eyes in March 1818; they. were 
treated in the usual way through the 
summer, and kept from the frost dur- 
ing winter, until March last, when 
they were cut down to one eye, and 
placed in the pine-pit in order to pro- 
duce young shoots of sufficient length 
to draw into the house at the time of 
planting. After they had made shoots 
about two feet long, they were re- 
moved to the green-house (which was 
at that time kept at a temperature of 
about 60°, for some other purposes) ; 
here they continued growing, till they 
had attained to the length of three or 
four feet ; by this treatment the whole 
plant was rendered more hardy, and 
consequently more fit for its final 
removal into the open border. _ 

Early in May, having made good 

3 Y the 


538 


the height of the border quite to the 
level of the holes where the plants 
were. to be carried into the house, so 
that no part of their stem should be 
exposed to the external air, I opened 
the holes, for the reception of the 
plants, leaving them open upwards of 
a week, to remove any noxious qua- 
lity in that part of the compost which 
would first receive the roots. 

My planting was executed on the 
13th of May; but I consider that any 
period between the 10th of May and 
10th of June will be equally success- 
ful, provided the work be done in sea- 
sonable weather, that is, when it is 
neither wet nor cold. 

At the time of planting I turned 

into each hole a common wheel-bar- 
row full of very old tan from the pine- 
house, in the middle of which tan tle 
roots of my vine plants remained after 
the plants had been treated as I shall 
now describe. I first cut off the leaves 
from the lower part of the plant, about 
two feet and a half of its length, leav- 
ing about an inch of the footstalk of 
each on the plant, the end of which 
was then drawn very carefully through 
the hole, under the plate, without in- 
juring the tender part of the shoot; 
the pot being removed, the ball or root 
of the plant was placed two feet dis- 
tant from the front of the house, upon 
its side, so that the stem lay in a hori- 
zontal position, about six inches below 
the level of the surface of the border. 
When thus placed, the whole of the 
stem which was to be covered was 
slit or tongued, at each eye, like a 
carnation layer, by passing a sharp 
knife at three-quarters of an inch be- 
low each eye, and on the sidé of the 
eye, about one-third of the thickness 
into the wood, and then upwards to 
the centre of the joint. This being 
done, the stem was covered with about 
four inches of old tan, and the other 
two inches were ‘filled up with the 
mould of the border. It is essential 
to the safety of the plant that the slit- 
ting be done the last thing, and whilst 
it is laid in its position, lest the stem 
should be broken. 
’ The effect of the operation of slitting 
the stem is the production of abun- 
dance of roots from every eye; the 
progress ‘is not very great until the 
roots begin to push out: after these 
shoot, it is surprising how fast the 
vines grow. 

I gave alittle fire in the house for the 
first month after planting, though 
sparingly, and air was admitted into it 


Proceedings of Public Societies. 


[July 1, 
continually, until the plants had got 
sufficient hold of the border; air was 
then admitted in the day, but the house 
was shut up at night. Under this 
treatment, the shoots of the present 
season of these young plants are from 
twenty-five to thirty feet long, and 
their strength is fally proportionate to 
their length. 

It is not my intention to grow any 
thing on the border, which will ex- 
haust it, or deprive the vines of their 
full nourishment. To protect their 
roots in the winter, I shall use a cover- 
ing of old tan, about six inches thick, 
which I prefer to dung or mulch of any 
description. 


NATIONAL VACCINE ESTABLISHMENT. 

Vaccination has now been sub- 
mitted to the test of another year’s 
experience, and the result is an in- 
crease of our confidence in the benefits 
of it. Of small-pox, in the modified 
and peculiar form which it assumes 
when it attacks a patient who has 
been previously vaccinated, many 
cases indeed have been reported to us 
in the course of last year, and some 
have fallen within the sphere of our 
own observation ; but the disorder has 
always run a safe course, being uni- 
formly exempt from the secondary 
fever, in which the patient dies most 
commonly when he dies of small-pox. 
To account for occasional failures, of 
which we readily admit the existence, 
something is to be attributed to those 
anomalies which prevail throughout 
nature, and which the physician ob- 
serves, not in some peculiar constitu- 
tions only, but in the same constitution 
at different periods of life, rendering 
the human frame at one time suscepti- 
ble of disorder from a mere change of 
the wind, and capable, at another, of 
resisting the most malignant and sub- 
tile contagion. 

The number of persons who have 
died of small-pox this year within the 
bills of mortality is only 508 ; not more 
than two-thirds of the number who 
fell a sacrifice to that disease the year 
before: and as in our last report we 


‘had the satisfaction of stating that 


more persons had been vaccinated 
during the preceding than in any for- 
mer twelve months, we flatter our- 
selves that this diminution of the num- 
ber of deaths from small-pox may 
fairly be attributed to the wider diffu- 
sion of vaccination. 

(Signed) Henry Harorp, president. 


VARIETIES, 


1822.] 


[439° J 


VARIETIES, LITERARY AND PHILOSOPHICAL, 
Including Notices of Works in Hand, Domestic and Foreign. 
== 


T is little more than ten years since 

the Editor of this Magazine re- 
ceived a letter from his friend FULTON, 
in New York, to apprize him of the 
success of his first steam-packet be- 
tween that city and Albany. The 
substance of that letter was inserted in 
the Monthly Magazine for March 
1811; but, before it was printed, the 
Editor read. it to the late Earl Stan- 
hope, whose experiments on mechani- 
eal navigation had excited much at- 
tention. That nobleman, however, 
like the Douay professors in the case 
of the telescope, set about to demon- 
strate the impossibility of the thing, and 
convinced himself, if not his auditor, 
that. Fulton had misrepresented the 
fact. The letter however appeared, 
and the attention of our speculative 
mechanics being drawn to the subject, 
the American steam-hoat was not only 
soon. imitated in the rivers of Britain, 
but essentially improved by their skill 
and science. We have now, there- 
fore, more than one hundred steam- 
vessels plying-in various parts of the 
empire, not merely against the-cur- 
rents of our rivers,—so as to render 
‘parallel canals as ridiculous as_ the 
aqueducts of the ancients,—but per- 
forming their voyages, in the face of 
tides and winds, im the adjacent seas. 
Thus London and Edinburgh, London 
and Calais, Liverpool and Dublin, 
Holyhead and Dublin, Bristol and Li- 
yerpool, Brighton and Dieppe, are 
now connected by steam-vessels, 
which perform their voyages in mea- 
sured time ; but within the past month 
an iron vessel, of 280 tons burthen, 
has performed its first voyage from 
London to Paris direct, It reached 
Rouen in fifty-five hours, and proceed- 
ed from Rouen to Paris in a day and 
night, notwithstanding an accident in 
its tackle. We regard this as an 
eyent of great social importance to 
mankind, and record it with singular 
pleasure. It is the triumph of isolated 
genius over the inveterate prejudices 
of arrogant societies, all of whom have 
virulently opposed themselves to the 
improvements of our age; and, in no 
case have done more to accelerate 
them, than the rudest persons in the 
community. Thus, notwithstanding 
the royal associations of men of science, 
France alone has succeeded in esta- 
blishing but two or three steam-vessels. 


In Austria JEROME Bonaparte, almost 
unaided, has munificently expended 
100,0007. in vainly endeavouring to 
complete one to navigate the Danube. 
Only one has been esiablished on the 
Adriatic ; and, if one has been started 
on the Baltic, it is the speculation of a 
Scotchman. The lakes and rivers of 
North America are nevertheless filled 
with them, and we may soon expect 
to heay of their connecting the northern 
with the southern continent; and all 
parts of the latter by means of the vast 
rivers which penetrate the interior. 
The public are now awaiting with 
anxiety the results of Mr. Griffith’s 
patent for steam land-carriages, of the » 
progress and experiments on which 
we shall duly apprize our readers. 

Mr. P. W. Watson, of Hull, has 
been engaged in the vicinity of Lon- 
don, since the spring of 1820, in col- 
lecting materials for a Dendrologia 
Britannica, (trees and shrubs that will 
live in the open air of Britain during 
the whole year,) to be illustrated by 
original descriptions, and coloured 
plates from living plants. One hun- 
dred and ten coloured octayo draw- 
ings, by eminent artists, with occasional 
minute dissections, are already com- 
pleted, of such hardy trees and shrubs 
as have not (few excepted) been 
figured py recent reputable botanists. 

The great work of the Bible, Tes- 
tament, and Prayer-Book Lllustrations 
has heen delayed a month by the ne- 
cessity .of providing sufficient num- 
bers of the various editions. Two edi- 
tions are now ready, and the others 
will be completed so as to make a ge- 
neral delivery in the first ten days of 
July. Our readers are already ap- 
prized that the Bibles wiil be provided 


_with 264 engravings; Testaments with 


96; and Prayers with 72, at very tri- 
fling charges. 

Pusric MEN of our own Times is the 
title of a work which will appear in 
July, in three volumes, of the size of 
Debrett’s Peerage. It will include 
nearly three thousand biographies of 
living characters in all civilized na- 
tions, and in all walks of public life, 
and be ornamented with 150 copper- 
plate portraits, 

Poetical Criticism, being the third 
edition of Letters to Lord Byron, in- 
cluding the Letter to Mr. Campbell, 
and a Letter, now first published, to 

I. D’Israeli, 


540 


1. D’Israeli, esq. by the) Rey. W. L. 
Bow es, will appear ina few days. 

Mr. O’Meara, the British surgeon 
of Napoleon. at St. Helena, to whom 
that great man made many interesting 
and important eommunpications, \an- 
nounces a work called Napoleon in 
Eile. It was mentioned in our last, 
but without the name of the author, a 
feature which specially entitles it to 
the respect and attention of the world, 
and renders it a document for history. 
Weare heartily glad the subject has 
fallen into such able and honest hands, 
though the prejudices artfully created 
on this subject are daily wearing away, 
and nothing but disgrace and repen- 
tance await those who sacrificed the 
peace of Europe and the welfare of 
Britain to their bad passions. 

That deservedly popular work, Na- 
ture. Displayed, by the Abbé Pluche, 
having long been out of print, and 
its information being superseded by 
modern discoveries in every branch 
of science, a new work, under the 
same title, and having the same ob- 
jects, is now preparing by Mr. Bar- 
ROW, author of several works of edu- 
cation... Like the original, it will be 
enriched with numerous engravings, 
and be in all respects a popular and 
interesting work for the old and young. 
It may be expected in October. 

A new Society is about to be formed 


under highly auspicious circumstances, © 


for the encouragement and promotion 
of the study of ENtomoLocy. Em- 
bracing upwards of one-half of the 
organized beings which clothe and 
animate the earth, comprising the most 
varied, and frequently the most beau- 
tiful forms of the animal creation, and 
rendered still more interesting by the 
singular, the important, and the in- 
structive habits of many of them,— 
this pleasing and useful department of 
natural history seents fully sufficient 
to otcupy the undivided attention of 
one Society, instead of losing the im- 
portance it justly merits by being spa- 
ringly diffused among an immense 
mass of other matter,—highly valuable, 
undoubtedly, in itself, but which, from 
that very value, and the extent of the 
subjects it includes, condemns of ne- 
cessity the entomologist to utter exclu- 
sion, or, at most to an admission so 
partial and so uncertain, as to be 
nearly ‘useless... The high rank in this, 
as in other branches of natural history, 
assumed by our neighbours,—who, as 
though Britain possessed no native ta- 


Literary.and Philosophical Intelligence. 


[July f, 
lent equal to the task, are daily de~ 
scribing from our cabinets, their new, 
their rare, and their interesting con- 
tents,—arises principally from the en- 
couragement afforded to their cultiva- 
tion, and from those frequent and im~- 
portant opportunities for mutual in- 
formation and assistance, which result. 
from their numerous sccieties and un- 
reserved intercourse. 

Mr. Lowe’s volume on the Statistics 
of England is on the eve of publication: 
it contains an account of the present 
state of our agriculture, trade, and 
finance, with a comparison of the 
prospects of England and France, in 
regard to productive industry and na- 
tional revenue. 

Mr. Gipzon MANTELL, F.L.S,. mem- 

ber of the Geological Society, &c- 
author of “ the Fossils of the South 
Downs,” is preparing for publication 
a Description of the Strata and Orga- 
nic Remains of Tilgate Forest, with 
observations on the beds of limestone 
and clay which alternate in the iron- 
sand of Sussex. This work will be 
embellished with numerous engravings 
of the extraordinary fossils discovered 
by the author in those remarkable 
strata, and will contain an account of 
the geological relations of the limestone 
of Winchelsea, Hastings, Battel, Hor- 
sham, &c. Itis intended as an ap- 
pendix to the ‘‘ Illustrations of the 
Geology of Sussex,” which we noticed 
in our last Number. 
_ Gems principally from the Antique, 
with verse illustrations, by the Rev. 
G. Cro.y, A.M. drawn and etched by 
R. Dagley, are preparing for pub- 
lication. 

Speedily will be published, in one 
volume octavo, Political Fragments, 
translated from the Greek by THomas 
Taytor, from Archytas, Charondas, 
Zaleucus, and other ancient Pytha- 
goreans, preserved by Stobzus; and 
also, Ethical Fragments of Hierocles, 
the celebrated commentator on the 
Golden Pythagoric verses, preserved 
by the same author. 

The History and Antiquities. of 
Lewes are announced for publication, 
in one volume quarto, with numerous 
lithographic plates, by the Rev. T. 
HorsrieLp and J. W. Woo.uear, 
M.A.S. The Natural History of the dis- 
trict by G. MANTELL, F.L. and 6.s. 
member of the College of Surgeons, &c. 

Besides Book-societies for general 
and popular reading, -a correspondent 
adyises the formation of law, ee 

an 


1822] 


and theological book-societies, for the 
use of the three professions. The hint 
is worthy of notice, and is capable of 
being extended to other subjects, par- 
ticularly to books on the useful arts in 
manufacturing districts. An intelli- 
gent country-bookseller has done jus- 
tice to’ one branch of the subject in 
another part of this Number. 

Sixteen Practical Sermons will 
shortly be published, on the most im- 
portant subjects ef religion, delivered 
on various occasions, by the late Rev. 
RicHarD PosTLETHWAITE, rector of 
Roche, Comwall. 

Mrs. CATHERINE Hutton, author of 
the“ Tour of Africa,” &c. is employed 
upon a work to be entitled, Memoirs 
of the Queens of England, with a 
Sketch of the Kings. 

A Treatise on the Use of Moxa as a 
Therapeutical Agent, by Baron Lar- 
REY ; translated from the French, with 
notes and an introduction, containing 
a°History of the Substance; is pre- 
paring by RosLey DunGLIsoN, fellow 
of the Royal College of Surgeons, and 
will shortly be published. 

‘Bibliotheca Biblica is preparing for 
publication, consisting of a select de- 
scriptive catalogue of the most im- 
portant British and foreign works in 
thecdepartment of biblical criticism 
and interpretation, with brief notices 
of their authors, and remarks on their 
theological and critical merits, by WM. 
Orme, author of ‘‘ Memoirs of the 
Life, Writings, &c. of Dr. John Owen.” 

-The “public scoundrels” whoabused 
the liberty of the press in Scotland, 
by the publication of the Beacon, the 
Sentinel, and the Correspondent, seem 
not only to be duly exposed to the 
contempt of the world, but in some 
degree to have been sufficiently pu- 
nished. They hoped perhaps to ob- 
tain rewards, and to escape with im- 
punity, like the wretches concerned in 
‘the London Satirist, Scourge, and other 
similar.works. But they are known; 
and, though the University of Edin- 
burgh may, with little. respect) for 
moral philosophy, tolerate one of them ; 
thane: certain chiefs of Scottish law 
may retain places, which they have 
proved themselves unworthy to fill; 
and though a certain empirical manu- 
facturer of novels may retain a portion 
of public credit, yet we learn that they 
are for the most part sent to Coventry 
by all who retain a sense of integrity 
and consistency. In the late trial of 
Mr, Stuart for shooting Sir Alexander 


Literary and Philosophical Intelligence. 


541 


Boswell in a duel, it appeared by evi- 
dence that the latter had written ano- 
nymous libels on the former, and on 
other persons; had then commended 
his own anonymous productions, in a 
public letter, signed with his name; 
had taken covert measures to get his 
anonymous letters destroyed, in which 
he failed, by the craft or caution of the 
printer ; and, when shown to him, had 
declined to acknowledge his own 
writing. Forsome good personal qua- 
lities, his fate has been much lamented ; 
but it ought to serve as a beacon to 
others; and by thé superstitious the 
duel will perhaps be regarded as a 
trial by ordeal, in which Heaven 
marked the yictim. Such an exposure 
of political malignity never took place 
as that in regard to the various cha- 
racters concerned in these works, 
which have in consequence been de- 
stroyed; though there is too much 
reason to apprehend that some of the 
writers still find means of venting their 
bad passions in a certain Edinburgh 
Magazine, and a noted London Re- 
view. 

A succinct Account will shortly be 
published of the Lime-rocks of Ply- 
mouth, with ten lithographic plates of 
some of the most remarkable of the 
animal remains found in them, by the 
Rev. RicHARD HENNAH. 

Prelectiones Academicez, or Aca- 
demic Lectures, are preparing for the 
press, on subjects connected with the 
history of modern Europe, viz. Chris- 
tianity, Mahomedanism, the Crusades, 
literature and the arts, navigation, the 
Jesuits, the Reformation; civil wars in 
England, slave trade, commerce, 
French revolution, civil liberty, and 
religious toleration, by the Rev. H. C. 
O’DonnoGuHuE, A.M. This work will 
be published in four quarterly parts, 
making; when completed, one hand- - 
some volume octavo, of 600 pages. 

Mr. Hopkins, of Manchester, has 
in the press a work on Principles of. 
Political Economy which” regulate 
Wages, Profits, Rent, and the Value 
of Money. / 

Mr. Pontey’s Practi¢al Treatise on 
Rural Ornament, which ‘deduces the 
science from well-known fixed princi- 
ples, will appear in the course of the 
present month. 

Shortly will be published, with nu- 
merous plates, aTour through Sweden, 
Norway, and the coast of Norwegian 
Lapland to the Northern Cape, in the 
year 1820, by A. pe CarELL Brooke, 

—At 


542 


—At the same time will appear, in 
imperial quarto, the Costumes of the 
different Provinces in Sweden, co- 
loured. 

A colossal statue of Burns, the mo- 
dern Scottish bard, is about to be 
erected in Edinburgh by Mr. Flax- 
man. We hope tobe enabled to give 
a sketch of it. 

A coloured edition of Mr. Man- 
TELL’s Geology of Sussex is preparing 
as speedily as possible, and will be 
ready for delivery in the course of a 
few weeks. A very limited number 
will be published. 

The peculiar interest excited by 
every thing that bears reference to, or 
is connected with Africa, will very 
shortly he augmented by the publica- 
tion of a volume, translated from ori- 
ginal official documents, formerly de- 
posited in the Spanish archives, treat- 
ing of Spanish America, and specially 
collected by order of that government ; 
from whence it will be established be- 
yond a possibility of doubt, that if 
America was not actually peopled from 
the old Continent, there must have 
existed a communication between its 
inhabitants and the Carthaginians, 
Phoenicians, or some other ancient na- 
tions, as the remains of a city of vast 
extent are still standing in Mexico, 
comprising monumental vestiges, hie- 
roglyphics, and sculptured figures, in 
sufficient preservation to warrant such 
a conclusion. The work thus an- 
nounced will not only be interesting 
considered in a literary point of view, 
but carry with it the stamp of authen- 
ticity, on account of its many curious 
pictorial embellishments, accurately 
copied from several of the reliques. 

The total amount of the sums ex- 
pended during the year 1820 for the 
maintenance of the poor in England 
-and Wales was 7,329,594. 7s. 

A History of a severe Case of Neu- 
ralgia, commonly called Tic Doulou- 
reux, will speedily be published, occu- 
pying the nerves of the Right Thigh, 
Leg, and Foot, successfully treated ; 
with some observations on that com- 
plaint, and on its causes, as they vary 


in different individuals; by G. D. ~ 


-YEATS, M.D. F.R.S. ; 
An Analytical Investigation of the 
Scriptural Claims of the Devil, anda 
similar enquiry into the meaning of 
the terms Sheol, Hades, and Gehenna, 
as used by the Scripture writers, by 
the Rev. Russet, Scott, of Ports- 
mouth, which have been unavoidably 


Literary and Philosophical Intelligence. 


[July 1, 
delayed in passing through the press, 
will be published in the course of the 
present month. 

The Political Life of his Majesty 
George the Fourth, is preparing for 
publication, in one volume octavo. 

Captains HopcGson and HERBERT 
have determined the highest of the 
Himalayas to be 25,589 feet, and the 
lowest to be 16,043 feet, above the le- 
vel of the sea; and that twenty of the 
peaks are more elevated than Chim- 
borazo, the highest of the Andes. 

In a few days will be published, an 
English Grammar in verse, with Serip- 
ture examples, by the Rev. T. SEARLE. 

Mr. Hameer is preparing. for the 
press, a second edition of his Tract on 
Hoar-stones. 

A new cdition is preparing of Blair's 
Grammar of Natural Philosophy, which 
will appear at the latter end of July. 

Shortly will be published, in 12mo. 
the Lady’s Manual, by a Physician. 
The object is to supply the female sex 
with useful information on a variety of 
appropriate and interesting subjects, 
to prevent the necessity of application 
to professional men. 

Shortly will appear, the Claims of Sir 
Philip Francis refuted. 

The Rev. Wa. Jay has in the press, 
a hew edition of his Short Discourses 
for Families. 

When in our last we signalized the 
success of Mr. LAWRENCE, we had no 
Suspicion that this worthy gentleman 
had been seduced to publish the fol- 
lowing extraordinary paper, a few 
days before the election. In now 
giving it place as a document worthy 
of being preserved, and which in after- 
ages will mark the year 1822, and 
characterize the age of George the 
Fourth, we have judged it proper to 
annex, in parallel columns, the never- 
to-be-forgotten abjuration of Galileo. 
Every reader of the two papers will, 
by his own comments, relieve us from 
the responsibility of making such as 
the circumstances deserve :— 


MR. LAWRENCE’S |THE ABJURATION 


RETRACTATION. OF GALILEO. 
Collere OF ENg "| I, Galileo Galilei, 


son of the late Vincent 
Galileo, a Florentine, 
at the oge of seventy, 
appearing personally 
in judgment, and be- 
ing on my knees in the 
presence of you, most 
eminent and most re- 
verend Lords Cardi- 

nals 


Dear Sir,—The 
renewed publication 
by others, over whom 
T have no control, of 
the work which I sup- 
pressed three years 
ago, imduces me to 
offer a few observa- 
tions on the subject, 

and 


1822.] 


and to present them, 
through you, to the 
Governors of Bride- 
well and Bethlem. 
The motives and cir- 
cumstances of the sup- 
pression in question 
are detailed in a let- 
ter to Mr. Harrison, 
through whose me- 
dium it was commu- 
nicated to the Gover- 
nors of the two Hos- 
pitals ; and tiis letter, 
I conclude, is entered 
on the minutes of their 
proceedings. 

Further experience 
and reflection have 
only tended to con- 
vince me more strongly 
that the publication 
of certain passages in 
these writings was 
highly improper ; to 
increase my regret at 
having sent them forth 
to the world ; to make 
me satisfied with the 
measure of withdraw- 
ing them from public 
circulation; and con- 
sequently firmly re- 
solved, not only never 
fo reprint them, but 
also never to pub- 
lish any thing more 
on similar subjects, 

fully impressed 
with these sentiments, 
I hoped and conelud- 
ed that my Lectures 
would in future be 
regarded only as pro- 
Sessional writings,und 
be referred to merely 
by medical readers, 
The copies which have 
gone out of my pos- 
session, from the time 
when the sale was dis- 
continued to the late 
decision of the Lord 
Chancellor, which has 
enabled all who may 
choose to print and 
publish my Lectures, 
have therefore been 
granted oniy as mat- 
ter of favour in indi- 
vidual instances to 
professional men, par- 
ticularly foreigners, 
or to scientific and li- 
terary characters. My 
expectations have been 
disappointed by the 


nals of the Universal 
Christian _Common- 
wealth, Inquisitors- 
General against here- 
tical depravity, hav- 
ing before my eyes 
the Holy Gospels, on 
which I now lay my 
hands, swear that I 
have always believed, 
and now believe, and, 
God helping, that I 
shall for the future 
always believe what- 
ever the Holy Catho- 
lic and Apostolic Ro- 
man Church holds, 
preaches, and teaches. 
But because this Holy 
Office had enjoined me 
by precept, entirely to 
relinquish the false 
dogma which main- 
tains that the sun is 
the centre of the 
world and immovable, 
and that the earth is 
not the centre, and 
moves; not to hold, 
defend, or teach by 
any means, or by wri- 
ting, the aforesaid 
false doctrine; and 
after it had been noti- 
fied to me, that the 
aforesaid doctrine is 
repugnant to the Holy 
Scripture, I have writ- 
ten and printed a 
book, in which I treat 
of the same doctrine 
already condemned, 
and adduce reasons, 
with great efficacy, 
in favour of it, not 
offering any solution 
of them ; therefore I 
have been adjudged 
and vehemently sus- 
pected of heresy,name- 
ly, that 1 maintained 
and believed that the 
sun is the centre of the 
world,and immovable, 
and that the earth is 
not the centre, and 
moves. 

Therefore, being wil- 
ling to take out of the 
minds of your emi- 
nences, and of every 
Catholic Christian, 
this vehement suspi- 
cion of right conceived 
against me, I with 
smeerc heart,and faith 
unfeigned, abjure, exe- 


2 


Literary and Philosophical Intelligence. 


piratical act of a book- 
seller in the, Strand, 
named Smith. When 
his reprint of my Lec- 
tures was announced, 
I adopted the only 
measure which could 
enable me to continue 
the suppression of the 
work, namely, an ap- 
plication to the Court 
of Chancery for an in- 
junction against this 
person, being encou- 
raged by the decided 
favourable opinions of 
the two eminent Coun- 
sel before whom the 
case was laid. The 
course of argument 
adopted by these gen- 
tlemen, in the pro- 
ceedings which ensued, 
was that which they 
deemed best calculated 
to attain my object— 
the permanent  sup- 
pression of the book, 
It is not to be regard- 
ed as a renewed state- 
ment, or defence, on 
my part, of opinions 
which I had already 
withdrawn from the 
public, and the conti- 
nued suppression of 
which, in conformity 
tomy previousarange- 
ment, was my only 
motive for incurring 
the trouble and ex- 
pense of a Chancery 
suit. 

As to the charge of 
irreligion, again hint- 
ed at in the Court of 
Chancery, I beg to re- 
peat what I have al- 
ready expressed inmy 
letter before alluded 
to—that I am fully 
impressed with the 
importance of religion 
and morality to the 
welfare of mankind— 
that L am most sen- 
sible of the distin- 
guishing excellencies 
of that pure religion 
which is unfolded in 
the New Testament; 
and most earnestly 
desirous to see its 
pure spirit universally 
diffused and acted on. 

Wm. LAWRENCE, 
Sir R. C, Glynn, bart. 


President of Bride- 
well & Bethlem, &c. 


543 


erate, and detest, the 
above-said errors and 
heresies, and general- 
ly every other error 
and sect contrary to 
the above-said Holy 
Church; and I swear 
that I will never any 
more hereafter say or 
assert, by speech or 
writing, any thing 
through which the 
like suspicion may be 
had of me; but, ff £ 
shall know any one 
heretical, or suspected 
of heresy, I will de- 
nounce him to this 
Holy Office, or to the 
Inquisitor, and Ordi- 
nary of the place in 
which I shall be. I 
moreover swear and 
promise, that I will 
Fulfil and observe en- 
rely all the peni- 
tences which have been 
imposed upon me, er 
which shall be im- 
posed by this Holy 
Office. But if it shall 
happen that I shall 
go contrary (which 
God avert) to any of 
my words, promises, 
protestations, and 
oaths, I subject my- 
self to all the penal- 
ties and punishments 
which, by the holy 
Canons, and other 
Constitutions, gene- 
ral and particular, 
have been enacted and 
promulgated against 
such delinquents. So 
help me God, and his 
holy Gospels,on which 
I now lay my hands. 

I, theaforesuid Ga- 
lileo Galilei, have ab- 
jured, sworn, — pro- 
mised, and have bound 
myself as above, and 
in. the fidelity of 
those with my own 
hands, and have sub- 
scribed to this present 
writing of my abju- 
ration, which IT have 
recited word by word. 
At Rome, in the Con- 
vent of Minerva, this 
22d of June, of the 
year 1633. 

I, Galileo Galilei, 
have abjured as above, 
with my own hand. 

Since 


544 


Since the. preceding extracts were 
written and printed, we have received 
the following letter from the gentle- 
man who originated the discussions 
relative to Mr. LAWRENCE, accompa- 
nied by a statement, to both of which 
we consider it our duty to give place. 
Our readers and the public at large 
feel a lively interest on the question, 
and, haying more than once advocated 
the cause of Mr. L. as apparently con- 
nected with the right of Wee enquiry, it 
seems proper to give place to the state- 
ment of the opposite party. 

‘« Highbury-park, June 21, 1822. 

«Srr,—You have been imposed upon 
in the information that has led to your 
animadversions upon the recent conduct of 
certain governors of the Royal Hospitals 
of Bridewell and Bethlem, towards Mr. 
Lawrence, the surgeon. As the individual 
upon whom the onus of this affair has 
now fallen, I claim your attention to the 
enclosed statement, and appeal to your 
principles of justice to make the ‘amende 
honorable’ as to the imputation of a vulgar 
spirit of bigotry,’ &c. 

“ Your very obedient servant, 
“BS, BuRGEss. 

«The appointment of surgeon to these 
Hospitals is not ‘ honorary.” A handsome 
emolument is affixed to the appointment.” 


Statement. 

«The surgeon of the Royal Hospitals of 
Bridewell and Bethlem, in the beginning 
of the year 1819, published a book, of 
which book, more need not be said than 
that its aim is to refute the Hunterian 
Theory of Life, to revive the hateful and 
almost exploded doctrines of Materialism, 
to bring the sacred -writings into disre- 
pute, flatly denying the truth of some parts 
of them, and thereby to destroy all that 
belongs to man beyond his prerogatives as 
¢a human animal.’ 

« At the election court of April, 1819, 
(all the officers upon these establishments 
are annually elected in open court,) at the 
instance of two governors, both members 
of the House of Commons, and both of the 
house committee of these hospitals, the 
surgeon was suspended as the author of 
that book. Intercession was made for 
him, and a letter to a governor (the trea- 
surer of Guy’s Hospital,) was tead, and en- 
tered upon the minutes of the proceedings, 
in which the author is reported to have re- 
tracted most of hisinfidel opinions, and had 
entered into a solemn pledge, and volun- 
tary obligation, to suppress and prevent 
the circulation of his book.” 

Expressly upon these grounds, the 
general court of June, 1819, thought pro- 
er to re-instate the surgeon in his office. 

« At the election court, holden the 2nd 
of April, 1822, neither of the governors 
who had taken the lead in this affair was 


Literary and Philosophical Intelligence, 


[July 1, 


present. But another governor stated, 
that he had reasons to believe that the 
surgeon had violated his pledge, (as above 
stated ,) and moyed his suspension ; which 
motion, haying been seconded by another 
governor thoroughly conversant with the 
merits of the case, was unanimously 
carried.” 

“¢ At a general court, holden specially 
upon this business, upon the 26th of April, 
the conduct of the suspended officer, in 
these particulars, was in his presence fully 
investigated: he was charged with having 
parted with from four hundred to six hun- 
dred copies of this pernicious work, subse- 
quently to the day upon which he pledged 
himself to the governors that he would sup- 
press and prevent the circulation thereof ; 
and, being put upon his defence, he con- 
fessed, that he had parted with “ Four hun- 
dred and odd.” Upon which occasion he 
was, with as much consideration and ten- 
derness as possible, but virtually, dismissed 
from his office as surgeon to these hospitals. 

“Upon the 8th of May, inst. a special 
general court was held, for the sole purpose 
of receiving the report of the vacancy thus 
produced. ‘This court, however, thought 
proper, in the absence of every governor 
who had taken any lead in the affair, to 
carry a resolution, declaring that this dis- 
missed officer was eligible as a candidate 
to supply that very vacancy which his mis- 
conduct had occasioned; and, * Credat 
Judaus Apella,’ at a general court of go- 
vernors holden the next day, this very per- 
son was elected surgeon of the Royal 
Hospitals of Bridewell and Bethlem!” 

You mention the number whichappeared 
upon the ballot in Mr. Lawrence’s fayour ; 
your statement is not quite accurate, but 
no matter, I assure you, first, that Mr. 
Lawrence owes his election to the “ esprit 
de corps,” which induced a most respecta- 
ble candidate to retire, as soon as Mr, 
Lawrence was pronounced eligible for the 
post: and, secondly, that never did so few 
governors vote uponan election, when half 
the exertion was made upon the canvass. 

Mr. WorspDALe, sen. of Lincoln, 
has ready for the press, a work, en- 
titled, Celestial Philosophy, or Geneth- 
liacal Astronomy. ‘This manuscript 
is entirely original, and contains, we 
are informed, the whole art of calcu- 
lating nativities, with a great number 
of genitures ; the examples are given 
in figures, which may be proved by 
the use of the celestial globe, or sphe- 
rical trigonometry. It is intended to 
publish it in twenty-five numbers, 
making 600 pages, octayo. 

Speedily will be published, the 
Morning and Evening Sacrifice; or 
Prayers for Private Persons and 
Families, divided into four parts:—1. 
Prayers for Private Persons, adapted 

to 


1822.] 
to the different Days of the Week, 
and to Sacramental Sabbaths and 
Days of Humiliation. —2.. Family 
Prayers for the Sabbath-Day.—3. 
Prayers for Persons who are in pecu- 
liar Circumstances.—4. A copious 
Selection of Prayers entirely in the 
Language of Scripture. 

The Princess Ouive of CuMBER- 
LAND announces two volumes of her 
Poems, to be published by subserip- 
tion at two pounds, for the purpose of 
relieving her from captivity, and to 
enable her to proceed in her suit in 
Doctors’--Commons for the recovery of 
15,0001. left her by the late king. 

The summer having set in two 
months before its usual time, and fine 
weather being always unfavourable to 
the sedentary pursuits of literature, 
the interest of the spring publications 
of the London publishers has seriously 
suffered, and the general dearth of 
trade has in consequence been pecu- 
liarly felt by the booksellers. ‘The ex- 
tended power and appetite for reading, 
the inerease of book-societies, the li- 
beral scope of modern education, and 
a change of scason, will, however, 
correct eyils in this trade sooner than 
can be exepcted in regard to other 
trades ‘suffering entirely from fluctua- 
tions of property. 

In our last Varieties we presented 
our readers with the state of the Lon- 
don newspaper-press; and, we have 
no doubt, (merit being alike,) that the 
press in general is in a state as credi- 
table to public discrimination. The 
Times, the Morning Chronicle, and the 


Sunday’s News, distinguished for their - 


independence, enjoy the same as- 
cendancy asthe Monthly Magazine and 
the Monthly and Edinburgh Reviews, 
among the journals of Jiterature. 
Low, indeed, would be public intelli- 
gence, if it were not so; and, ‘of :all 
curses that ever can befal a country, a 
treacherous press is the greatest, for 
against rapacity ard bad passions it is 
the only protection; but, if enlisted 
on their side, then the humiliation of 
virtue and truth is complete. Of all 
duties of good citizens, the first and 
most important is to support the in- 
dependent portion of the press; and to 
endeavour to give it the same ascend- 
ancy oyer time-serving sycophancy 
which virtue ought always to. enjoy 
over vice. 

‘The Rev. Dr, Rupce has in the 
press, in two octavo volumes, Sermons 
on the Leading Characters and most 

Montuy Mac, No, 369, 


Literary and Philosophical Intelligence. 


545 


Important Events recorded in tlie 
Book of Genesis. 

The Rev. Groner Honpen is print- 
ing, in an octavo volume, an Attempt 
to illustrate the Book of Ecclesi- 
astes. 

JosEPH Swan, esq. is printing, in 
an octavo volume, a Treatise on the 
Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathology 
of the Nervous System. 

Mr. W. I. Rosenrts is preparing the 
History and Antiquities of the Parish 
of Ormskirk, in Lancashire. 

Memcirs of the Life and Writings of 
the late Mrs. Catherine Cappe are 
printing in an octavo volume. . 

Essays on Subjects of Inquiry in 
Metaphysics, Morals, and Religion, 
by the late Isaac Hawkins Brown, esq. 
will soon appear in an octavo volume. 

Mr. NELSON is preparing an octavo 
edition of his History of Islington, 
which wili contain much additional 
letter-press, and at Jeast twenty en- 
grayings and lithographic prints. 

RUSSUAL. Son 

A Monthly Journal in English and 
French is about to be commenced by 
an Englishman at Moscow, under the 
sanction of the governor, Prince 
Gallitzin. It is the first attempt to 
print the English language in Russia ; 
and, therefore, merits respect and. at- 
tention. Itsobjects are purely literary 
and philosophical; and it is proposed, 
by its means, to supply foreigners re- 
siding In Russia, and the. travelled 
Russian nobility, with the contents of 
the best journals published inthe south 
of Europe. 03 

The following newspapers, and other 
periodicals, are now publishing in St. 
Petersburgh :— ‘ 

1. In the Russian language :—The 
Good-will, by Ismailow; the Siberian Ad- 
vertiser, by Spasskii; Domestic Intelli- 
gences, by Swinjin ; Northern Archives for 
History, Statistics, and Travels, by Bul- 
garin ; the Gazette of War, or ‘the Tavalid, 
(resumed) by Wojeikow ; Gazette of St. 
Petersburgh, by the Academy of Sciences ; 
St. Petersburgh Gazette of ‘the Senate, 
published by. the Senate; Technological 
Journal, bythe Academy of Sciences ; 
Journal of the Imperial Philantrophical 
Society ; Christian Reader, by the Spi- 
ritual Academy. of St. Petersburgh; 
Jounal of the Ministry for Public Tn- 
struction; the Promoter of Civilization, 
by a Free Society of Friends of Russian 
Literature; the Son of the Country. 

2, In the GerMAN language:—The St. 
Petersburgh Periodical, by Oldekopp ; 
Universal Northern Annals of Chemistry ; 
by Beherers 


32 3. In 


546 


3. In the Freneu language :—Lé Con- 
servateur Impartial, published by the Mi- 
nistry of Foreign Affairs. 

In Moscow are published : 

In the Russian Janguage:—The Ga- 
zette of Moscow; Historical, Political, 
and Geographical Journal, or Cotemporary 
History of the World, (the oldest political 
journal in Russia; haying existed these 
twenty-six years without interruption ;) 
the European Advertiser, by Katsche- 
nowski ; the Magazine of Natural History, 
Physics, Chemistry, and Agricultural Expe- 
rience, by Dwigubsky. 

In Kasan, in the Russtan langnage :— 
The Kasan Advertiser, published by the 
University of Kasan. 

GERMANY. 

The royal Prussian general, Meme 
von Minutoli, lately made a scientific 
tour through Egypt and Syria, where 
lie formed an excellent collection of 
antiquities, which he conveyed from 
Alexandria to ‘Trieste, where they 
were shipped to be conveyed to Berlin 
by way of Hamburgh. During one of 
the late storms, the vessel was wrecked 
between Heligoland and Cuxhaven. 


Mw Music and Drama. 


[July 1, 
A few boxes, containing mummies, 
have been driven on-shore on the coast 
of Balje. The country-people were 
nota little terrified on finding they con- 
tained dead bodies, and accordingly 
buried them. The mummies have, 
however, been disinterred, and con- 
signed to the Prussian authorities. 
ITALY. 

A new journal has appeared at 
Turin, called the Spigolatore, or the 
Gleaner. It gives an account of alk 
new works, scientific discoveries, the 
drama, &c. and promises to become 
the most popular work of its kind. 

UNITED STATES. 

The Mobile Register says, “The 
number of persons employed by book- 
printing in the United States, is esti- 
mated at 10,000. The foreign books 
which have been published in the 
United States within thirty years, 
exceed 20,000,000 of dollars; and, the 
amount of books manufactured in this 
country every year, is at least from one 
and a half to two millions. ~ 


NEW MUSIC AND THE DRAMA. 


—_<>_—— 


“ Drink to me only with thine eyes,” an 
admired Air, with Variations for the 
Piano-forte, and an Accompaniment 
for. the Flute (ad libitum), by J. 
Hopkinson. 33s. 

Y the free and playful manner in 
which Mr. Hopkinson has treated 

this justly-favourite melody, he has 
rendered it an eligible and practicable 
lesson for piano-forte students. He 
has carried his lucubrations to the ex- 
tent of nine variations, the greater 
number of which are fancifully con- 
structed, and, without the too common 
fault of deserting the theme, present 
a-variety and contrast which at once 
declare his taste’ and’ his judgment. 

So satisfied, on the whole, are we with 

this little production, that it is but 

agquiescing with our own sense of jus- 
tice to recommend it to the notice of 
young performers. 

**O! pity a poor, satlor boy,” sung atthe 
Surrey Theatre by, Master T. Radg- 
way ; composed by Ei. Solis. 1s. Gd. 
In speaking of this ballad, we cannot 

employ the language of encomium. 

The air is not conceived with taste or 

feeling ;nor does’ either the formation 

or the arrangement of the passages be- 
speak much talent or science. We 
irace an ‘aim at expression, but if is 
unsuccessful; and the bass, in some 


instanees, is too ill chosen to admit the 

conception, that Mr. Solisis a profound 

musician. 

“« How vain is the sighs’ sung by Miss 
Povey at the Theatre Royal Drury- 
Lane ; composed and arranged for the 
Piav-forte, by John Whitaker. 2s. 
This song (which is published in full 

score, as'well as with a piano-forte 
part,) is set with considerable skill 
and sweetness of fancy. The melody 
forms an illustration of the poet’s sen- 
timent; and, while it gratifies the ear, 
awakens and appeals to the mind. On 
examining the score, we find the ge- 
neral combination good. The piano- 
forte accompaniment extracted from it 
is judiciously and effectively adjusted; 
and the whole composition is calen- 
lated to support the credit Mr. Whita- 
ker, has, acquired as a vocal composer. 

A favourite Waltz ; arranged with Va- 
yiations for the Piano-forte, by Ey 
Simms. 2s. 6d. 

Mr. Simms, in the six variations 
which he has founded upon this theme, 
has furnished an acceptable praetice 
for the instrument for which they are 
designed. W?:thout losing sight of di- 
versity, he has kept tolerably close to 
his theme, and thus combined fidelity 
with invention. Some of the original 
passages are so felicitously tarned, as 

: almost 


$22.) 
almost. to merit the praise due to un- 
borrowed beauty ; and from the proofs 
here given of a free and easy fancy, 
we should deem Mr. S., in composi- 
tions of this kind, perfectly adequate 
to the formation of his own themes, 

DRAMA. 

Covent-Girpen.—The past month, 
we are sorry to have to report, has not 
been so favourable to the interests of 
the two winter theatres as we would 
have wished, or as a better prevailing 
taste would have ensured. 'The repe- 
titions of the Law of Java, the Miller 
and his Men, the Lord of the Manor, 
Macbeth, Cherry and Fair Star, the 
Two Gentlemen of Verona, the Rivals, 
Fiob Roy, and other deseryedly-ad- 
mired pieces, have attracted but mo- 
derate audiences to Covent-Garden. 
The high and acknowledged merit of 
principal performers at this theatre 
will not permit us to attribute the 
failure to any deficiency, on the part of 
the managers, either in judgment or 
split; we therefore haye to impute 
the effect to other causes. Among 
these are to be reckoned, the numerous 
minor theatres that are now open to 
the public, the exertions displayed at 
the new house in the Haymarket, the 
attractions of Vauxhall-Gardens under 
their new proprietors, the late dinner 
hours in circles of fashion, and lastly, 
and most seriously, the extreme heat 
of the weather, which has been pecu- 
liarly hostiie to attendance in crowded 
theatres. 


Literary and Critical Proémium. 


547 


Drury-Lane.—Mr, Elliston, with 
the employment of the great and ex~ 
traordinary talents of Mr. Kean, Mr. 
Braham, Madame Vestris, and him- 
self, in Abroad and at Home, the Ro- 
man Actor, the Castle of Andalusia, 
Othello, Richard the Third, Love in « 
Village, and the Mountaineers, (with 
which he closed on June 14,) has en- 
deavoured to sustain the ancient splen- 
dor of the theatre under his manage- 
ment, and to deserve the praise and 
encouragement of that public which 
had so long honoured him with its 
support. But the misfortune of illness, 
together with the disadvantages we 
have just enumerated, have fallen upon 
his efforts with too great a weight to 
induce his keeping open his theatre 
this season to the usual period. It is, 
however, cheering to find that, amid 
all his discouragements, Mr. Elliston 
has hitherto been enabled to fulfil his 
engagement with the proprietors, and 
to acquit himself with henour and 
punctuality towards all the parties 
with whom the concern has brought 
him in contact. During the recess, the 
theatre is to undergo considerable al- 
terations and embcllishments, which, 
in combination with the exertions now 
making to increase and improve the 
company, will, it is anticipated, ren- 
der it as attractive as it ever has been, 
in the most brilliant portion of its ca- 
reer; and secure to the zealous and 
sedulous manager that fame and emo- 
lament which he so highly merits. 


aa ar a serene rene 


NEW BOOKS PUBLISHED IN JUNE: 


WITH AN HISTORICAL AND CRITICAL PROEMIUM. 
———— 
Authors or Publishers, desirous of sceing an early notice of their Works, ave 
requested to transmit copies before the \Sth of the Month. 


"THE most singular and important dis- 

covery which lias, since the restora- 
tion of letters, been given to the world, 
we owe, during the past month, to the 
learning, industry, and patriotism of Mr. 
O'Connor; who, having preserved, through 
all mutations of fortune, the ancient ma- 
nuseripts, which have been the hereditary 
trast of his house, has now published a 
version of them, under the title of, Chro- 
nicles of Eri, being the History of the Gaal 
Scivt Lher; ov the Irish People: trans- 
lated from the original Manuscripts in the 
Phenician dialect of the Scythian language. 
The earliest of these traditions purport to 
be compiled by Eolus, chief of the Gaal, 
between the years 1368 and 1535, before 
Christ, about fiity years later than Moses; 


and they give the traditionary history of 
the Scythians from the earliest point of 


—= 


time to his own days. To these suceced 
the annals of Eri, commencing with the 
invasion of Ireland by the Scythian 
colonies of Spain, 1006 years B.C. and 
bringing down the history of the settle- 
ment to within seven years of the Christian 
wra, These documents open a wide and 
perfectly novel field for the investigation 
of the earlier history of the Eastern tribes, 
and the author has availed himself of it in 
a manuer worthy of its importance by a 
most acute and elaborate demonstration, 
prefixed to his translation, of the original 
seat, nations, and tribes of the Scythian 
race. From the boldness with which, as 
Editor, he attacks many received opinions 
in chronology and history, sacred and pvo- 
fane, Mr. O’Conner must expect a very 
close examination of his arguments and 
evidence, especially from those whose in- 

terest 


548 


terest it is to prove him ‘to be in the 
wrong. Of the antiquity and genuine- 
ness of the manuscripts, however, no 
doubts can possibly exist ; and the: trans- 
lator, while he admits that they are not of 
so old a date as the events recorded, as- 
serts with confidence, that they must be 
faithful transcripts from the most ancient 
records; their style, language, and con- 
tents, equally precluding the possibility 
of their being forged. A fac-simile is 
given *n the second volume from thé “ Roll 
of the Laws of Eri,” (a copy of which will 
be given in our Supplement, ) and we under- 
stand that he has gratified the public with 
an inspection of the originals, which he has 
deposited at the publisher’s. His case 
thus rests on firm ground, and he has no 
reason to apprehend the revival of a con- 
troversy ‘like that of Chatterton or 
Macpherson. But, if any variety of opi- 
nion should be raised on conflicting his- 
torical questions, every reader cannot fail 
to be impressed with the greatest respect 
for the profound erudition and patient 
research every where visible in the valu- 
able disquisitions which the editor has 
prefixed to his translations. The work is 
dedicated to Sir Francis Burdett, in a 
tone altogether original; and Sir Francis 
is understood to take a lively interest in 
the success of this work, a feeling in which 
he will be joimed by the gentlemen of 
Yreland and the literati of Europe and 
America. 

Mr. WAsnIneTon IRVING, the author 
of the Sketch Book, has just published a 
new work, in two volumes, entitled, 
Bracebridge Hall, or the Humourists. High 
as Mr. Irving’s character, as an elegant 
and pleasing writer, has stood in public 
estimation, since the republication of his 
Sketch Book on this side of the Atlantic, 
we still think that his literary reputation 
will be encreased by the present work. 
Bracebridge Hall is intended to give-a 
picture of old English feelings and man- 
ners, and we think Mr. Irving has been 
very successful in this attempt. No one 
better deseribes the old popular customs 
of England, the May-day sports and the 
Christmas revelries. The characters which 
are introduced are cleverly drawn, and 
display excellent feeling and very. consi- 
derable humour. "Phe Squire himself, and 
Christie, his Huntsman, are admirable 
portraits. But perhaps the most valuable 
portions of these volumes to the English 
reader, ave those in which the author in- 
troduces a few sketches of American cha- 
racter, such as that of the Dutch Hunter 
surrounded by his Indian attendants. The 
story of Annette Delarbre is beautifully 
written, The few observations at the end 
of the second volume, on the national 
animosities of the two countries, are 
worthy of the best attention, both of En- 
glishmen and Americans. 

Tn an Itinerary of Provence and the Rhone, 


Literary and Critical Proémium. 


[July ty 
made during the Year: 1819, by Jounx 
Hucues, A.mvof Oriel College, Oxford, 


-will be. found a spirited: but hasty sketch 


of the principal points. worthy of obser- 
vation, through this interesting line of 
country. . The author does little more tha 
advert to the prominent objects of history 
and antiquity which came under his notice, 
and perhaps this is all which the natune of 
his work, intended principally to guide 
the traveller to the scenes most likely to 
reward his attention, ought to lead us to 
expect. Mr. Hughes is evidently an ob- 
serving and well-informed man, | but we 
could wish that his frequent recollections 
of the effects of blasphemy and sedition in 
the French reyolution, had been: qualified 
by the reflection of the despotism and 
bigotry in which they had) their origin. 
The pages are interspersed) with many 
rough, but characteristic etchings, and a 


‘series of more laboured and. expensive 


illnstrations will appear an a_ separate 
form. The Itinerary, when thus com- 
pleted, will present a very agreeable! and 
lively picture of the southern districts of 
France, ; 

The riddle offered to our conjectures in 
the Fortunes of Nigel is at last solved; 
and, rather contrary to our expectations, 
it has proved to be not'a chivalric ro- 
mance, but an Anglo-Scotch’ historical 
novel. The scene is laid in ‘the court of 
James I. whither Nigel, a young Scotch 
lord, repairs to claim a large advance of 
money, formerly made by his father to the 
sovereign. The difficulties which he en- 
counters in this pursuit, the temptations 
to which he is exposed, with his final ex- 
trication, and restoration to fortune’ and 
favor, form the groundwosk to: the story, 
As a story, however, it is hardly worth 
while to look at these volumes, the rich- 
ness of which consists in the exact and 
beautiful portraiture of the manners and 
characters of that period, and the exqui- 
site way in which the author has worked 
into his plan the amusing: humours and 
foibles of the worthy King James. The 
scenes in which this.royal actor is shewn 
off, are the best in the work. If, on the 
other hand, we were to name the weakest 
part, we must unquestionably ‘fix, on the 
episode of the Lady Hermione, which is 
not raised one degree above the merit of a 
second or third-rate novel. Compared, 
however, with the Pirate, we do not he- 
sitate in giving the preference’ to Sir 
Walter’s latest born, whose phiysiognomy, 
if not altogether unknown to ‘us, presents 
at least some strong and distinet features, 
possessing beauty and novelty amply suffi- 
cient to interest and amuse us. In an 
historical | view, we think that the cha- 
racters of Prince'Charles, and particularly 
of Buckingham, are painted in too fayour- 
able colours; and that of James himself, 
though we are not quite sure that the 
author is so wrong in this, is exhibited in 

so 


1822.] 


so familiar and amiable a light, as to im- 
press our feelings with something of an 
affectionate regard for his memory. 

Amongst the better class of Novels 
which have lately appeared, may be ranked 
the Spy, a Tule of the Neutral Ground, in 
three volumes, the scene of which is laid 
in America during her struggle for inde- 
pendence. This work is, on the whole, 
cleverly written, and contains some able 
delineations of American scenery and 
mamers. It displays, perhaps, a, little 
transatlantic partiality; but, in the main, 
it may be considered to present a toler- 
ably fair view of the state of feeling in 
America at that period. The portrait of 
Washington is well drawn, and the mild 
yet firm benignity of his disposition is 
happily described. The character of 
Major Dunwoodie, a young soldier in the 
republican service, and the hero of the 
piece, is very creditable to the writer. 
The Spy, himself, is an unfortunate pedlar, 
who enjoys the perfect confidence of 
Washington, and acts under his’ sole di- 
rection, and who narrowly escapes being 
put to death by his own friends. 

Mr. Peter NicHoLson has completed 
his popular course of mathematics for 
purposes of education, by the publication 
of: his Key. This volume contains the 
solutions worked at length to above one 
thousand questions in every branch of 
mathematical science, and is therefore a 
treasure above all price to the teacher 
and private student. For the ability with 
which the task is executed, we need only 
quote the name of the ingenious and la- 
borious author. 

Of the Errors of Ecstasie; a Dramatic 
Poem, with other Pieces, by GEorGE 
DARLEY; we can scarcely speak in too 
seyere terms of censure, inasmuch as it 
discovers a total disregard to the usual 
established rules of poetic style and ver- 
sification, and is destitute of the least pos- 
sible share of reason and common sense, 
some portion of which must still be re- 
quired in poets. Itis wild and improbable 
to the last degree, apparently the offspring 
of opium or an inebriated dream, in which 
the poet far transcends every thing we 
have received from the moon-struck ima- 
ginations of Mr. Coleridge, or Dr. Laureat 
Sonthey’s visions themselves, These Iu- 
eubrations are composed of a woodland 
scene by moon-light, a mad mystic, who 
talks with the moon, and chops logic, 
theology, and metaphysics, by way of 
imitation, we suppose, of Shakespeare’s 
Wall and Moonshine, 

_ The Royal Exile, or Poetical Epistles. of 
Mary Queen of Scots, during her Captivity 
in England, with other original Poems; by 
a YOUNG LADy: is a publication which, 
though not highly creditable to her poe- 
fical talents, possesses sufficiently inter- 
esting and amusing matter in the notes and 


Literary and Critical Proémium. 


540 


illustrations, with anecdotes and notices 
relating to the Queen’s lire and character, 
to. entitleit to some degree of notice. 
The work’ seems to contain a good deal of 
antiquarian reseanch, together with de- 
scriptions of English and Scottish cha- 
racters, scenery, aud places, compara- 
tively little known to the general readei, 
For the poetry of the Epistles themselves, 
coutaining a narrative of the Queen’s life 
and adventures, we have very Jittle that is 
flattering to says 

The Pleasures of Fancy, a Poem, in two 
Parts; we consider as a very pleasing and 
successful etfort of the author’s muse, in 
emulation of the Pleasures of Hope and 
Memory, to neither of which poems it is 
greatly inferior. It displays a degree of ori- 
ginality, and evident signs of power, both 
in sentiment and versification, far superior 
to most of the secondary poets we have 
lately read; and we are sorry that our 
limits will not at present permit us to do 
more than recommend it to the attention 
of our readers. 

Odofriede, the Outcast, an American 
dramatic poem, lately published at New 
York, modelled upon the “‘ Manfred,” and 
other still wilder pieces of Lord Byron, 
is an attempt, displaying indisputable 
proofs of poetic power. It is from the 
pen of B, H. Jupau, a young poet, not 
more than eighteen years of age; and, 
though strangely defective, considered as 
a regular and complete performance, 
abounding in false sentiment and exagge- 
rated character, yet there are individual 
passages full of richness of fancy and poetic 
diction, which go far to redeem the ge- 
neral failure of the piece. Of a very sin- 
gular and unequal character, and of too 
misanthropic a cast to be at all probable 
or pleasing, it still holds out a proof of the 
existence of real transatlantic genius, and 
an earnest of future excellence. From 
this, and other ‘¢specimens of American 
poets,” lately collected and published in 
this country, we feel bound to entertain a 
higher opinion of the “ Backwood Muses,” 
than we had hitherto supposed their due. 
They are already advancing superior pre- 
tensions, and deservedly rising in-our esti- 
mation, as far as, they have attracted our 
notice, which of late seems to have been 
more liberally afforded them. 

Another volume of BURCKHARDT’s 
Travels. is now, published, and we under- 
stand there are materials still remaining 
sufficient for two volumes more. Jt con- 
tains his Travels in Syria and the Holy 
Land, in which, especially in the iatter, 
he seems to have made many discoveries, 
and settled many disputed questions re- 
specting those countries. ‘This volume 
contains five different tours, principally 
performed between 1810 and 1812. The 
last, which was directed to the peninsula 
of Mount Sinai, took place so late as ASG, 

ut 


550 


but is subjomed to this book, as: being 
closely connected with the subjects of the 
former part. This zealous, but unfortuy 
nate traveller derived very great and im- 
portant advantages in the prosecution of 
his objects from the adoption of the lan- 
guage and dress of the eastern nations. A 
hithographed sketch of him in this cos- 
tume, by Mr. Salt, the British consul at 
Cairo, ornaments this work. The editor 
has shown great talent in his remarks, and 
in the manner in which his portion of the 
work is performed. It is published by 
the Society for promoting the Discovery 
of the Interior Part of Africa, by whom 
this enterprising traveller was employed ; 
and, not being a continuation of the for- 
mer volume, may be purchased as a dis- 
tinct work, It is accompanied also by 
two, maps, and a few plans of ancient 
vemains. 

Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, 
Ancient Babylonia, Se. &c. during the Years 
1817, 18, 19, and 20, by Sir RoperT Ker 
Porter, is a work which, from its imtrin- 
sic merit, must’ be very generally read 
and as generally admired. It is quite im- 
possible for us, in our short space, to 
attempt in the sliglitest manner to follow 
the author in his original and most inter- 
esting tour, or even to give a fuller de- 
seription than is conveyed by his title of 
the regions into which he. travelled. 
His extraordinary skill in the use of the 
pencil, and his extensive acquaintance 
with the study to which his researches 
have been principally directed, combined 
with his correct knowledge of ancient 
authors, qualified bim in the highest de- 
gree for the task he has undertaken, nor 
have the expectations raised by these qua- 
lifications been in the least disappointed, 
Muchas we were gratified by the former 
volume, we are of opinion that the pre- 
sent, published) under the anthor’s own 
eye, far exceeds it in point of interest. 
The engravings of modem uational dresses, 
as well as the numerous illustrations of an- 
cient remains, contribute to render this 
work as complete an account of that part 
of the world as can be desired. 

A member of |the indefatigable Tuylor 
Family, of Ongar, has produced a volume, 
ealled the Elements of Thought. It com- 
presses, in good medern language, and in 
zn inviting form, the theoretical and prac- 
tical doetrines contained in Watts’s “ Im- 
provement of the Mindy’ and in the same 
author’s work on Logie; and, as Watts in 
substance will live for ever,so Mr. Taylor, 
in giving us his substance in a neat yo- 
lume, has rendered an useful service to all 
studious and inquisitive persons. 

We are happy in introducing Frank, a 
sequel to frank, in Early Lessons, by MARA 
EbDGEWORTH, Once More to our youthful 
readers, the same excelent and amusing 
little character as when we lett him. It 


Literary and Critical Proémium. 


{July 1, 
is, perhaps, not saying too much for the 
continuation of his life, when we observe, 
that it is every way worthy of Miss 
Edgeworth’s. great talents and emineut 
powers of usefulness, Itis very agreeably 
resumed, and carricd on with much spirit 
and ability, equally adapted to engage the 
delighted attention. of younger readers, 
and the more discriminating perusal and 
approbation of their parents and friends. 
The important question of public and pri- 
vate education is brought forward, and is 
apparently decided by the story ending 
with Frank’s departure for a public school. 
Whether Frank would have remained any 
longer at home, if circumstances had al- 
lowed, we have not the means exactly to 
ascertain; but, as his father was on the 
point of leaving home for some time, the 
affair was brought to a speedy conclusion. 
The importance, however, of previous 
attention to the formation of a boy’s cha- 
racter, during the first ten years of his life, 
is strongly and ably enforced; and many 
excellent hints are given to parents for the 
cultivation and direction of their children’s 
peculiar bias and abilities. There ismuch in- 
formation imparted, likewise, on important 
points of juvenile conduct, which we think 
must be read with advantage by all, whe- 
ther school-boys or “home-bred youths.” 
In parts of the third volume we recognize, 
in the characters of Shaw and Granville, 
the same powerful hand that drew Lord 
Glenthorn and his flatterer, with other 
resemblances which we have not here 
room to state. 

Tales of the Manor, by Mrs, Hortann, 
fully support the character already ac- 
quired by this lady, for real powers of 
fancy, simplicity, and truth. There is a 
pleasing and undeviating moral principle 
that actuates every thing she writes, ex- 
tremely applicable to all the varieties, and 
the several professions of life. Out of the 
simplest materials, and characters of ordi- 
nary and every-day occurrence, very inter- 
esting and pathetic narratives are imtro- 
duced. From her earliest stories, the 
touching description of the “Son of a 
Genius,” up to the “ Tales of the Priory,” 
and the more complete and voluminous 
work before us, the same qualities of natu- 
ral pathos, and correct taste and feeling, are 
every where visible. In the “ Divided 
Lovers,” and the “Partial Mother,” the 
peculiar beauties, as well as the defects, 
of her style of writing, are perhaps 
best shewn. ‘The latter consist in too 
great a degree of minuteness and study of 
detail, by which she sometimes attempts to 
render conimon-place incidents and cha- 
racters of more interest and importance 
than her subject will welladmit. Insome 
of her stories, she appears to approach 
nearer the genius of Mrs. Inchbald, and 
one or two of the earliest of Mrs. Opie’s 
works, than apy living novelist we ae 

ic 


1822.] 


We think there is less sentiment, and more 
good sense and cleverness, than in some of 
the works of these latter ladies, without, 
however, displaying the powers of a Mrs. 
Brunton, or Hannah More, or the know- 
ledge of character possessed by Mrs. Opie 
or Miss Edgeworth. 

Mr. Mathias has continued to amuse his 
leisure hours abroad, by courting the so- 
ciety of the Tuscan muses, who seem to 
have conferred upon their votary all the 
warmth and brillianey of native song. Tn 
addition to his former collections and no- 
tices: of the Italian Poets, with original 
Canzoni and Sonetti, another volume is just 
come into our hands, published at Naples, 
“¢ Poesie Liriche Toscane di T. J. Mathias 
Cinglese.) Membro della Societa Reale ¢ di 
guella degli Antiquarj in Londra, Pastore 
Arcade, Membro Corrispondente dell’ Accu- 
demia della Crusca, e Soeio Corrispondente 
della Societa Pontaniana in Napoli’? All 
this is very honourable, and we are grati- 
fied to hear of it: an accomplished scho- 
lar, and a man of elegant taste and pur- 
suits, we are not surprized that he should 
rank high in the estimation of all the 
learned and best portions of society in 
which he moves. We find this is also a 
second Neapolitan edition; and that, like 
its anthor, it has been extremely. well re- 
ceived. Though the production of the 
“ fair and sunny clime,” 

Ch’ Appenin parte, el mar circonda e 
VAlpi,” 
we are not of opinion that it quite sustains 
the character previously obtained by some 
-of the best of his other pieces. What he 
has acquired by greater ornameut, idio- 
matic excellence, correctness, and richness 
of diction, he has more than lost in the na- 
tural strength and vigour of his imagery, 
and want of the ‘‘esiro poetico,” so essen- 
tial to give life and beauty to Italian 
poetry. On the whole, however, this work 
conveys a high idea of the powers of an 
author who can aft once unite so mach 
ease and yivacity with so much originality 
and correctness in a foreign tongue., The 
volume contains many high testimonies 
from several individuals and societies, to 
the author’s genius and merits, nor unde- 
seryedly so ; as, besides the re-publication 
of some “ Canzoni,” which place them 
beyond dispute, we have a “Drama 
Lirico,” a translation of Milton’s Lycidas, 
with stanzas to different ladies, written in 
very pure and eloquent Tuscan, ' 

Mr. MontGomery has lately presented 
the public with a new version of some of 
the Psalms, underthe title of Songs of Zion, 
being imitations of PsUms. His talents are 
peculiarly manifested in poems of a devo- 
tional character; and, in the present in- 
stance, he has not fallen short of his usual 
taste and feeling. He is undoubtedly en- 
titled to great commendation for the skill 


Literary and Critical Proémium. 


535i 
with which he has contrived to kecp suffi- 
ciently near to the meaning of the original, 
while he has avoided introducing any du- 
bious interpretations, and «necessarily 
attempting to develope those hidden allu- 
sions which those compositions are by 
some supposed to contain. It is no dispa- 
ragement to this effort of Mr. Montgo- 
mery’s muse to admit, that, in point of 
grandeur, he often falis below the simple 
and sublime elevation of the original. 

To those who find ‘a pleasure in exa- 
mining the interesting -antiquities with 
which the metropolis abounds, we cannot 
do better than recommend a curious and 
important work, entitled, Loadina Illus- 
trata ; Graphic and Historic Memorials of 
Monasteries, Churches, Chapels, Schovls, 
Charitable loundations, Palaces, Hails, 
Courts, Processions, Places of Early Amuse- 
ment, and Modern and Present Theatres in 
the Cities and Suburbs of London and West- 
minster. ‘This splendid volume, which is 
filled with prints, some of which are exe- 
cuted with great ability, contains a large 
body of historical and antiquarian informa- 
tion, and is agreeably interspersed with 
anecdotes of the distinguished persons 
whose names are connected with the build- 
ings which are described. The portion of 
the work which relates to the old theatres 
(chiefly in Southwark,) seems to have been 
composed with more particular care ; and, 
indeed, the information which it contains 
is curious and valuable, in a literary point 
of view. Many of the prints are now first 
engraved from: original drawings, and 
others are copied from plates which have 
become of rare occurrence. ‘The typo- 
graphy of the work is scarcely equal to the 
engravings. j 

A volume on the subject of publie edu- 
cation has just made its appearance, en- 
titled, Plans for the Government and Liberak 
Instruction of Boys, in Large Numbers, 
drawn from Experience. The principle is 
one, at the mention of which the ancient 
despotisms of Eton and Winchester must 
tremble “ from turret to  foundation- 
stone ;” being no other than that of leaving, 
as much as possible, all power in the hands 
of the boys themselves. The monarchy of 
the master is, in fact, constitutionalized, 
aud a representative government formed, 
accompanied by a formal administration of 
law, anda competent police establishment, 
Under this system, the: school becomes a 
well-regulated and orderly society, go- 
verned in a manner adapted to rational 
creatares. Had’ such plans as these pre- 
vailed in Cowper’s time, he would not haye 
had o¢casion to denounce, as he did in his 
‘Tyrocinium, the wickedness and evils of 
great schools. To such institutions as 
these, the most apprehensive father may 
commit his boy with confidence, without 
any anticipation of the insults and miseries 
which he must endure as a fag, o1 under the 
ferule 


552 
ferule of a domineerlng master. We trust 
that this book will be generally read ; and, 
we should feel happy, if we coald flatter 
ourselves that its principles would be as 
generally adopted. ‘That they may, and 
will prevail ultimately, we hope and be- 
lieve ; but the rod of power is never hastily 
Jaid down; and many disciplinarians, of 
what we may literally call the old school, 
will rather prefer to subject the evil by 
violence, than to convince the understand- 
ing by reason, Into the details of this 
scheme we cannot here enter further; but 
we can cheerfully say, that they have our 
full and decided approbation. 

Perhaps there is no better way of be- 
coming acquainted at once with the man- 
ners and genius of any people, than by a 
perusal of their national tales. Under this 
impression, we would recommend Chinese 
Novels, translated from the originals, to 
witich are added, Proverbs and Moral Max- 
ims, collected from their classical and other 
sources, by JOHN FRANCIS DAVIs, F R.S. 
‘The three stories, composing the principal 
part of this volume, do not possess much 
intrinsic interest; but, if read with the view 
above alluded to, will be found very illus- 
trative of the attainments of a natiou with 
which we are commercially so much con- 
nected, and of which we are yet in many 
respects so ignorant. The proverbs are 
not very new, nor very valuable, except in 
the light in which we recommend this 
work. 

The Remains of Henry Kirke White, by 
RoBeRT Sourney, vol. III. contains se- 
veral move letters and poems, together 
with a few prose compositions of this inge- 
nious and unfortunate young man. This 
additional volume appears to have been 
published rather against the judgment of 
the editor; and, we must say, against our 
own. ‘The pieces composing it, though 
possessing much merit, certainly tend ra- 
ther to lower, than increase, our opinion of 
the author’s talents. To the carlier poems 
this observation particularly attaches. 
Amongst his more mature productions, 
however, we find some which are not un- 
- worthy of their author ; and, from these, 
we shall subjoin one which possesses some 
beauty. The original Essays are princi- 
pally of a religious nature. For the fron- 
tispiece, this volume contains an engraving 
of White’s tombstone, with the beautiful 
inscription by Professor Smyth of Cam- 
bridge. The interest excited by the former 
volumes, and the extensive circulation they 
have enjoyed, will'secure considerable at- 
tention to the present publication, which, 
if not so well rewarded as before, will at 
least not be unworthily bestowed, 

J have a wish, and near my heart 
That wish lies buried; 
To keep it there’s a foolish part, 


For oh! it must not be, 
It must not, must not be, 


Literary and Critical Proémium. 


[July F 5 


Why, my fond heart, why beat’st’thou co? 
The dream is fair to see, 

But bid the lovely flatterer go, 
It must not, must not be, 
Olvno! it must not be, 


’Tis well this tear in secret falls, 
This weakness suits not me; 
I know where sterner duty calls, 
1t must not, cannot be, 
Oh no! it cannot be. : 

We seldom interfere with theologicat 
works of a controversial nature, but we 
gladly make an exception in favour of 
Letters addressed to the Calvinistie Chris- 
tians of Warwick, by an’ Unrrarran 
CHRISTIAN, written, as appears from. its 
advertisements, by the Rov. WM. Fipip. 
This treatise has certainly completely ful- 
filled its professed object of answering a 
few caiumnious pages of some ignorant 
person of that place; but it is not to its 
local topics that we wish to call the atten- 
tion of our readers. The author has taken 
the present occasion to give an outline of 
the history of his sect, and has supported 
all their distinguishing doctrines with much 
ability. In the list of Unitarians which he 
gives, containing many great names, we 
were at first surprised to see some ins 
cluded who are not generally supposed to 
have entertained those views, though the 
author seems to adduce sufficient autho- 
rity for inserting them. Amongst the 
most eminent; we observe Whiston, New- 
ton, Locke, Dr. Watts, Wm. Penn, and 
Bishop Law. The Unitarian sect is, we 
believe, at present increasing with great 
rapidity. In the author of the work in 
question it certainly possesses a very spi- 
rited and efficient advocate; and, if we 
find any thing in his pages to alloy ‘the 
pleasure of perusing them, it is, perhaps, 
that sometimes the author is in danger of 
falling into that error which he blames so 
much in his opponents—uncharitable feel- 
ing. We invite the candid attention of our 
readers to his statements, and assure those 
who wish to become acquainted with the 
history and opinion of this increasing sect, 
that they will not be able to find a work 
better calculated to convey that infor- 
mation. 

—a 
ANTIQUITIES, 

An Epitome of Roman Antiquities ; to 
which is prefixed, an Abridgment of Roman 
History; by C. Irving, Ln.p. &c. 12mo. 5s. 

Architectural Antiquities of Normandy ; 
by John Seel Cotman. Part IV. folio, 
ai. 3s. or proof impressions on India pa- 
per, 51. 5s. 

-ARCHITECTURE. 

Sciography, or Examples of Shadows, and 
Rules for their Projection, intended for the 
Use of Architectural Draughtsmen; by 
Joseph Gwilt, architect. vo. 9s. 

An Inquiry into the Principles of 

Jeauty in Greeiaun Architecture ; with an 
Historical View of the Rise and Progress 
' \ * of 


1822.] 


of the Artin Greece; by George Earl of 
Aberdeen, K.t. &c. Post 8vo. 7s. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY, 

Whittaker’s Complete Catalogue of 
School Books, 1s. sewed. 

Hayes’s Catalogue of Greek and Latin 

_ Classics. Part IL. 1s. 6d. 

T. Thorpe’s Catalogue. Part II. for 
1822: containing numerous articles of ex- 
treme rarity in early English Poetry and 
Music, Classics, &c. 3s. 

BIOGRAPHY. 

Napoleon in Exile; by B. E. O‘Meara, 
esq. 2 vol. 8v0, 

Memoirs of the Life of Colonel Hatch- 
inson, Governor of Nottingham Castle, 
&c.; by the Rev. Julius Hutchinson. 2 
vol. 24s. 

The Lifeand Extraordinary Adventures 
of Samuel Denmore Hayward, denomi- 
nated the Modern Macheath. i2mo. 6s. 

Memoirs of Artemi. .8vo. 12s. 

The Life of the Rev. Thomas Scott, 
with copious Extracts from his Letters ; 
by John Scott. 8vo. 14s. 

Lives of Celebrated Persons who have 
died within the last Six Years. 6 vol. 
8vo. 41. 10s. 

Memoirs of the late Miss Mary Ann 
Burton, of Kentish Town. 12mo., 5s. 6d. 

BOTANY. 

The Scottish Cryptogamic Flora: or 
Coloured Figures and Descriptions of 
Cryptogamic Plants growing in Scotland, 
and belonging chiefly to the Order Fungi; 
by R. K. Greville, F.r.s.e. M.w.s, &c. 
Royal 8vo. No.l. 4s. 

CLASSICS. 

Decimi J. Juvenalis et A. Persii Flacci 
Satire: Supplementary Annotations on 
Livy; designed as an appendix to the 
editions of Drakenborch and Crevier ; by 
John Walker. 8vo, 19s. 

A Greek Grammar for the Use of 
Schools, abridged from the Greek Gram- 
mar of Angustus Matthie; by C. I. 
Blomfield, p.p. 12mo. 3s. 6d. 

Euripidis Electra, ad Optimarum Edi- 
tionum fidem emendavit, et notis in usum 
juventutis instruxit Hastings Robinson, 
AM. Collegii Div. Joann, Cant. Socius. 
5s. 6d. 

The Theory and Practice of Latin 
Inflection, being Examples in the form of 
Copy Books for declining Nouns and 
Verbs. Intwo Parts. By Thomas Haigh, 
A.M, 4t0. 

Quintilianus de Istitutione Oratoria; 
ex Editione J. M. Gesneri. ¥ vol. 12s. 

Museum Criticism; or Cambridge Clas- 
sical Researches. No, VIL. 8vo. 5s. 

DRAMA. 

Tales of the Drama, founded on the 
Tragedies of Shakspeare, Massinger, 
Shirley, &c.; by Miss Macauley, feap. 
8vo. 10s. 

EDUCATION, 

A Glossary; or a Collection of Words, 

Montuy Mac. No. 369. 


List of New, Publications in June. 


553 
Phrases, Names, and Allusions to Customs, 
Proverbs, &c. forming a necessary Supple- 
ment to Johnson’s Dictionary; by the Rev. 
Robert Nares, &c. 4to. 21. 15s. 

A few Hints on the Nature of Accent 
and Emphasis. i2mo. 6d, 

FINE ARTS. 

Original Houses of the Poets and Philo- 
sophers of Great Britain. No.1. 3s. 

‘Edes Althorpiane ; or an Account of 
the Mansion, Pictures, and Library at 
Althorp, in Northamptonshire, the Resi- 
dence of the Earl Spencer; by the Rev, 
T. F. Dibdin. 2 vol. 8vo. 

Practical Hints on Composition in 
Painting; illustrated by Examples from 
the Great Masters of the Italian, Flemish, 
and Dutch Schools; by John Burnet. 
4to. 12s, 

Portraits of the British Poets. Part 
XV.: containing six portraits, four of 
which have never before been etigraved. 
On royal 8vo, 14 proofs on India paper. 
Ato. 28s. 

GEOGRAPHY, 

Practical Geography; by J. Ouiseau, 
8th edit. 5s. bound. 

Pestalozzi’s Practical Geography, Sa- 
cred, Ancient, and Modern, with Rules 
for the Construction of Maps, &c. ; by P. 
H. Pullen. 8vo. 6s, 

Remarks touching Geography ; by Mela 
Britannicus. 10s. 6d. 

HISTORY. 

‘The Chronicles of Eri ; being the History 
of the Gaal Sciot Iber, or Irish People: 
translated from the original manuscripts in 
the Phoenician dialect of the Seythian 
language; by O‘Connor. 2 vols, demy 
8yvo. 27s. royal, 35s. 

The Author of Junius discovered in the 
Person of the celebrated Earl of Chester- 
field. 5s. 

Illustrations of the Literary History of 
the Eighteenth Century ; intended as a 
sequel to the Literary Anecdotes; by John 
Nichols, F.s.4. Vol. IV. Ato. 27s. 

HORTICULTURE, 

An Encyclopzdia of Gardening ; com- 
prising the Theory and Practice of Horti- 
culture, Floriculture, Arboriculture, and 
Landscape Gardening; by. J.C. Loudon, 
F-L.S..&¢. 8yo, Yl. 10s. 

Supplement to Vol, IV. of the Transac- 
tions of the Horticultural Society of 
London. 6s. 

MATHEMATICS. 

The Rudiments of , Perspective; in 
which the Representation of Objects is de- 
scribed by two Methods; by Peter Nichol- 
son. ,8vo, 14s, , 

A Key, to Nicholson’s Popular Course 
of Pure and Mixed Mathematics, for the 
Use of Tutors and Students. 8vo. 7s. 6d. 

MEDICINE. 

Remarks on Morbus Oryzeus; or, the 
Disease occasioned by Eating Noxious 
Rice ; with a concise Narrative of Facts 

4A and 


554 


and Cases ; by Robert Tytler, m.p. M.A.s. 
8s. 6d. 

A Slight Sketch of a New Nosological 
System, for the Classification of Diseases. 
is. ‘The same in Latin. 1s. 

MISCELLANIES. 

An Historical and Descriptive Account 
of the Steam Engine : with an Appendix 
of ‘Patents and Parliamentary Papers 
connected with the Subject; by Charles 
Frederick Partington. 8vo. 18s. 

A Practical Essay on the Strength of 
Cast Iron, intended for the Assistance of 
Engineers, Iron Masters, Architects, Mill- 
wrights, Founders, Smiths, and others; by 
Thomas Tredgold. 8vo. 19s. 

The Annual Register, or a View of the 
History, Politics, and Literature of the 
year 1820, 8vo. 25s. 

Excursions of Pleasure, and Sports of 
the Thames, illustrated in a Series of En- 
gravings coloured after Nature. No. V. 1s. 

No. XXXI. of the Percy Anecdotes: 
containing Anecdotes of Woman. 1i8mo. 
2s. 6d. 

Part If. Vol. V. of the Supplement to 
the Encyclopedia Britannica, 4to. 11. 5s. 

Le Musee des Varietés Litteraires. 
No. I. 1s, 6d. 

The Death-bed Confessions of the late 
Countess of Guernsey; the Queen’s last 
Letter to the King, &c. 1s. 6d. 

The Album. No. II. 5s, 

A Treatise on Tennis; by a member of 
the Tennis Club. 8vo. 10s. 6d, 

Quadrille Elucidated ; beingan Histori- 
eal, Critical, and Practical Treatise on 
that admired Game, in a form to be bound 
up with ‘‘ Matthew’s Whist;” by Q. 
Quanti. Ss. 

Letters from Spain; by Don Leucadio 
Doblado. 8vo. 

‘A Second Volume of Hazlitt’s Table. 
Talk. 8vo. 14s. 

Essays; by Father Fitzeustace, a Men- 
dicant Friar. 8vo. 7s. 6d. 

The Works, Verse and Prose, of the 
Right Hon. Sir C. H. Williams, x.s. 
With Notes; by Horace Walpole. 3 vol. 
8vo. 11. 118, 6d. 

Thoughts, chiefly on Serious Subjects ; 
with Remarks on “ Lacon, or many ‘Things 
in afew Words ;” by W. Danby, esq. 2 
vol. 8vo. 12s. 

Elements of the Game of Chess; or a 
New Method of Instruction in that cele- 
brated Game, founded on Scientific F rin- 
ciples: containing numerous Rules, Re- 
marks, and Examples; by W. Lewis, 
teacher of chess. 12mo. 7s. 

NOVELS, TALES, AND ROMANCES. 

Influence, a Moral Tale for Young 
People; by a Lady.. 2-vol. 12mo. 19s. 

Malpas ; or Le Poursuivant d’Amour. A 
Romance. 3 vol. 12mo. 21s. 

The Refugees; an Irish Tale. 
12mo. @i1s. 

-Lights and Shadows of Scottish Life; a 


3 vol. 


List of New Publications in June. 


\ 
Selection from the Papers of the late 
Arthur Austin. Post 8vo. 10s. 6d. 

Frederick Dornton, or the Brothers; 
by R.N. Kelly, esq. 4 vol. 12mo. 29s. 

Domestic ‘Tales: containing the Mer- 
chants’ Wife and her Sister; by Mary 
Johnston. 19mo. 5s, 

Eccentricity. a Novel; by Mrs. M‘Nally. 
3 vol. 12mo. 18s. 

The Blue Mountains, a West Indian 
Tale. 3 vol. 16s. 6d. 

The Fortunes of Nigel: a Novel; by 
the author of Waverley. 3. vol. post 8vo. 
il. 11s. 6d. 

Elizabeth Woodville; or the Wars of 
the Houses of York and Lancaster; by 
Miss Sandham: with twenty-four plates, 
4s. plain, or 6s. coloured. 

Chinese Novels, translated from the ori- 
ginal, with Proverbs and Moral Maxims; 
by John Francis Davis, F.R.s» Svo. 8s. 6d. 

Marian de Brittoon; by Capt. S. S. 
Derewzy. 3vol. 21s. 


POETRY. 

The Remains of Henry Kirke White, 
selected, with Prefatory Remarks; by 
Robert Southey, esq. Vol. IIT. 8yo. 9s. 

Songs of Zion: being imitations of the 
Psalms; by J. Montgomery. fcap. Svo, 5s. 

The Poetry contained in the Novels, 
Tales, and Romances, of the Author of 
Waverley. feap. 8vo. 9s. . 

The Grave of the last Saxon, or the 
Legend of the Curfew; by the Rey. W. 
Lisle Bowles. 8vo. 6s. : 

Angelica, or the Rape of Proteus. A 
Poem; by Lord Thurlow. 3s. 

Specimens of the American Poets. 
12mo. 7s. 

Rime del Petrarca. 48mo. 6s. 

Recreative Hours; by George E. Linley, 
esq. feap. 5s. 

POLITICS AND POLITICAL ECONOMY. 


Europe; or a General Survey of the 
present Situation of the principal Powers, 
with Conjectures on their Future Pros- 
pects ; by a citizen of the United States. 
8vo. 12s, 

A Plan for the Relief of Agriculturists, 
and to prevent the recurrence of partial 
Distress to the Labouring Class. 4s. 6d. 

A Review of the Bullion Question, and 
Defence of Abstract Currency. 8vo. 

A Statement of the Efforts made by the 
Inhabitants of Saint Luke, Chelsea, to give 
Efficiency to an Act of Parliament lately 
obtained for their Benefit; by Peter 
Kruse. | 2s, 6d. 

The present State of Chili, from the 
Report laid before Congress; by Judge 
Bland, » 3s. 6d. 

Considerations on the Bill now pending 
in Parliament respecting the Roman 
Catholic Peers; by the Rev. Thomas Le 
Mesurier, B.D. rector of Houghton-le- 
Skerne. 1s. 6d. 

Common Sense on Agricultural Distress, 

its 


1822,] 


its Reality, its Causes, and its Remedies ; 
by Jonas Davis. 1s. 

Notices on Political Economy, and an 
Enquiry concerning the Effects of Debts 
and Taxes, &c. 8vo. 9s 6d. 

The Situation of England in regard to 
Agriculture, ‘Trade, and Finance; by 
Joseph Lowe, esq. 8vo. " 

A Refutation of Mr. Grimshawe’s 
Pamphlet, entitled, ‘‘ The Wrongs of the 
Clergy of the Diocese of Peterborough 
stated and illustrated.” 8vo. 1s. 

A Letter to E, I. Littleton, esq. on the 
Cause of the Disturbances in the Mining 
District of Stafford. 6d. 

The Substance of a Second Speech of 
the Marquis of Londonderry on Agricul- 
tural Distress, &c. 8vo. 3s. 6d. 

THEOLOGY. 

The Morning and Evening Sacrifice, or 
Prayers for Private Persons and Fami- 
lies. Post 8vo. 10s. 6d. 

Biblical Fragments. Vol. II.; by M. 
A. Schimmelpenninck, 8yo. 7s. 6d. 

The Use and Abuse of Party Feeling 
in Matters of Religion, considered in 
Eight Sermons; by Richard Whately, m.a. 
8yo. 7s. 6d. 

The Letters of Amicus Protestans to 
William Wilberforce, esq. M.P. to which 
is added, an Answer to Melancthon, his 
Vindicator, 8vo. 5s. 6d. 

An Apology for the Pastoral System 
of the Clergy ; by J. H. Brooke Mountain, 
A.M. 1s. 6d, 

Plain Sermons upon the relative Duties 
of the Poor; by Arthur Evans, M.a. 4s. 

Illustrative Replies, in the form of 
Essays, to the Questions proposed by the 
Right Rev. Herbert Marsh, to Candidates 
for Holy Orders. 6s. 6d. 

Essays on the Recollections which are 
to subsist between Earthly Friends re- 
united in the World to come; and on other 
Subjects connected with Religion, and in 
part with Prophecy ; by Thomas Gisborne, 
M.A, 68. 

A Summary of Christian Faith and 
Practice, confirmed by References to tie 
Text of Holy Scrinture ; by the Rev. E. J. 
Burrow, D.D. F.R. andx.s. 3vol. 12mo. 21s. 

The Imitation of Christ: in Three Books ; 
by Thomas A. Kempis. Translated from 
the Latin, by John Payne. With an 
Introductory Essay, by Thomas Chalmers, 
DD. 12mo, 4s. j 

The Country Curate’s Offering to his 
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Sermons, 12mo, 3s. 

A Vindication of the Character and 
Writings of the Hon. Emanuel Sweden- 
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List of New Publications in June. 


555 


A -Sermon, preached at. Ramsgate 
Chapel, in aid of the Subscription for the 
Relief of the Irish Sufferers ; by the Rev. 
Thomas Boys, M.A. 1s. 6d 

An Examination of the Remonstrance 
addressed to the Bishop of St. Dayid’s, 
with Answers to the Questions addressed 
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James Gifford, R.N.; by a Trinitarian. 
Svo. 8s. 

A new edition of CoJe on Regeneration, 
Faith, and Repentance: to which is pre- 
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with Life, &c. by the Rev. J. Rees, of Rod- 
borough. igmo. 3s. 6d. 

Christ, the Son of God, the great Sub- 
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John Guyse, D.D. &c. 12mo, 4s. 6d. 


TOPOGRAPHY. 


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A New Guide to Cheltenham ; with an 
Account of: the Virtues and Qualities of its 
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VOYAGES AND TRAVELS. 


Part IV. Vol. VII. of the Journal of 
Modern Voyages and Travels : containing 
Simond’s Travels in Switzerland. 3s. 6d. 
sewed, 4s. boards. 

An Itinerary of Provence and the Rhone, 
made during the year 1819; by John 
Hughes, a.m. 8vo. 12s. 

Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, 
Courdestan, Ancient Babylonia, &c.; by 
Sir Robert Ker Porter. Vol. Il. 4to. 
4l. 14s. 6d. 

A Voyage round Great Britain; by 
William Daniell, r.a. Vol. VI. 

Travels of Cosmo, Grand Duke of Tus- 
cany, through England, in the Reign: of 
Charles If. (1669.) Royal 4to, 414s, 

Narrative of a Journey in 1819-20-21, 
through France, Italy, Savoy, Switzerland, 
&e.; by James Holman, 13s. | 

Switzerland ; or a Journal of a Tour and 
Residence in that Country ; by S. Simond. 
2 vol. 8vo. 24s. 

Travels in Syria and Mount Sinai; by the 
late John Lewis Burckhardt. »4to. 21.8s. 

Travels to Chili over the Andés, » in 
1820-21; by Peter Schmidtmeyer. Part 
I. 4to. 5s, 

ZOOLOGY. 

The Philosophy of Zoology ; or aGeneral 
View of the Structure, Functions, and 
Classifications’ of Animals ; by > John 
Fleming, D.p. 2 vol, 8yo, 218, 


MEDICAL 


ES 466 cil 


[July 1, 


MEDICAL REPORT. 


Rerort of Diseases and Casuatriss occurring inthe public and private Practice 
of the Physician who has the care of the Western Dist ict of the City Dispensary. 


— 


BVERY thing within the last few weeks, 

the production of which is at all con- 
nected with heat, has made its appear- 
ance prematurely. Diseases, equally with 
vegetation, have this summer changed 
months; and medical men are now sum- 
moned to attend upon bilious derange- 
ments with the same frequency as is com- 
monly the case at the commencement of 
the autumnal season. The affections at 
present witnessed are not, however, of 
precisely the same kind and degree as 
those that are incident toa more advanced 
time; most of the cases which are met 
with wear an aspect as if of premature 
development,—a sort of would-be charac- 
ter, and are wanting in defined lines and 
determined strength, This circumstance 
seems to prove, that it is a something 
beside heat from which the autumnal cho- 
lera and diarrhoea derive their existence, 
although excessive heat has allowedly a 
very considerable share in their produc- 
tion. The treatment of course requires to 
be varied with the varying character of 
the disorder ; but, the tendency having been 
for the most part more towards inflamma- 
tion than cholera, the indications of re- 
medy have been influenced by more than 
common fears on the score of enteritis, 
To the external application of castor oil 
over the whole of the abdomen, the Re- 
porter continues partial; and, although his 
medical friends are for the most part 
sceptical, in respect to the specific utility 
of this drug thus administered, such scep- 
ticism, the writer thinks, is the result (as 
both in large and small concerns is but 
too often the case,) of a negligent indis- 
position to scrutinize and compare. This 
oil, thus applied, is especially useful in the 
complaints of children, in which the de- 
sires of the practitioner are at once to 
abate irritation, and prevent the secre- 
tions from being arrested by the means 
necessary for the removal of that irrita- 
tion. The writer takes occasion to re- 
mark, that opiates and preparations of 
poppy, from having’ been too indnlgently 
and indiscriminately had recourse to in 
infantile ailments, are at present perhaps 
too fearfully shunned. Far, very far, is 
it from: his design or wish’ 'to advocate the 
practice of quieting children for the sake 
of causing quiet to the nurse, or of inti- 
mating. the propriety of opium forming 
part of the nursery implements for the 
Tearing of the young. Indéed, it may be 
considered that medicinal anodynes ought 
to be left almost entirely to the expe- 
rienced tact of the professional prescriber ; 
yet it is often much better that a degree 
of torpor should be induced by artificial 
means, than that the little subject of com- 


plicated irritation should wear itself down 
into a still worse torpor by violent and 
continued screaming. 

It scarcely needs be said, that most of 
the disturbances incident to infancy are 
connected with a disordered action in the 
stomach and bowels; and that the radical 
remedies for these disorders ate those 
which correct acidity, and excite more 
healthy secretions. Magnesia in small 
quantities can seldom be objected to, and 
the occasional addition of four or five drops 
of sal volatile will serve to assist the antacid 
effect of the magnesia, while it will prove 
a much safer means of correcting griping 
than any thing of a spicy or spirituous na- 
ture. For the purpose of gradually in- 
fluencing the secreting organs, the writer 
knows nothing better than the Hydrarg. 
cum Creta of the London Pharmacopeia, 
and he would almost limit his list of infan- 
tine medicinals to the articles above men- 
tioned; namely, castor oil, magnesia, sal 
volatile, syrup of poppies, and the quick- 
silyer with chalk. 

Whether to wash very young children 
with warm or cold water, is a question 
which a medical practitioner will often- 
times be called upon to answer; but it is 
one which, like many other medicinal 
questions, is insusceptible of a direct or 
abstract reply. If the little subject of so- 
licitude be robust, if there be no griping 
or expression of intestinal ailment, and 
while the skin is devoid of eruption, then 
coldness will prove a salutary quality in 
the water used for washing ; but, in spite 
of her wish to render her offspring robust, 
let the anxious mother desist from perse- 
verance in her morning ablutions of cold 
water, and use tepid water instead, should 
bowel irritations prove urgent and obsti- 
nate, should marks of weakness be promi- 
nent, or should eruptions break out on the 
surface of the skin. In this last case the 
repellent effect of cold washing is parti- 
cularly to be apprehended, as the skin 
irritation is almost invariably vicarious of 
internal disorder. 

The “ childless wit” may be inclined to 
ridicule the papa character of the present 
paper, but the writer nevertheless fear- 
lessly sends the above intimations into the 
world from a consciousness that much mis- 
take still obtains with respect to the most 
common precepts by which children’s com- 
plaints ought to be regulated, and from a 
conviction that “mismanagement in the 
dawn of life often overcasts its meridian 
and its close with a cloud of misery, that 
neither skill nor fortune can disperse.” 

Small-pox continues dreadfully to in- 
crease, particularly among the purlieus of 
the poor. Oh! that some plan could be 

devised, 


1822,] 


devised, consistent with the liberty of the 
subject, to enforce universal vaccination ! 
Bedford-Row ; June 26. D. Uwins.* 

* The Reporter has accidentally seen a 
paper, that he understands is sent out by a 
person calling himself Dr. Walker, with 
charges of vaccine matter, in which his 
(Dr. U.’s) name is introduced. He smiled 


Commercial Report. 


557 


of course at the unexpected honour thus 
done him, and only here condescends to 
notice the thing under the feeling that, 
from the bungling manner in which it is 
managed, some readers might be ready to 
infer that Dr. U. had expressed himself 
unfriendly to vaccination, —a mistake 
which it would be of importance to correct. 


MONTHLY COMMERCIAL REPORT. 


— 
PRICES or MERCHANDIZE. May 24. June 21, 
Cocoa, W.I.common --£3 0 O to 3 15 210 0 to 218 O perewt, 
Coffee, Jamaica, ordinary 415 0 — 5 3 0 | 416 0 — 419 0 do. 
fine ne 5 AL Oe 5 13 OS: 40 or Phebe OQ j.doe 
—, Mocha .----»25 10 0 0 —15 0 0 113 0 0 —20 0 0 do. 
Cotton, W.I.common-- 0 0 8 — 0 010 0 0 8— 0 0 95 per lb. 
, Demerara:---*+ 0 0 93 — O LG 0 0 9 — 0 010 do. 
Currants:-----.. svescee 518 O — 0 0.0 513 0 — 0 O O percewt. 
Figs, Turkey «+--++---- $50— 4 4 0 216 9 — 319 0. do. 
Flax, Riga --++.--++-.. 49 0 0 —50 0 0 |/49 0 0 — O 0 0 per ton. 
Hemp, Riga, Rhine --.-11 0 0 —42 0 0|0 00 -— 00 0. do. 
Hops, new, Pockets.--- 4 0 0 — 5 @ 0/]3 00 — 5 0 O perewt. 
———_——.,Sussex,do, 310 9 — 4 0 0 215 0 — 310 0 do, 
Tron, British, Bars .--- 810 0 — 910 9 | 810 0 — 8 15 0 per ton. 
—————_, Pigs --++-- 6 0 9 — 610 0 510 0 — 610 0. do. 
Oil, Lucca .-++--+e+2-- 39 0 0 — 0 0:0; 0 0 0 — O OO perjar. 
—, Galipoli- seeresesee+ 60 0 O — 0 0 O 162 0 0 — O O O per ton. 
Rags) .-ccsccecsseeeee 2 (1 O — O OVO O 118 0 — 0O 0 O perewt. 
Raisins, bloomor jarynew 310 0 — 0 00)]85 5 0 — 0 0.0. do, 
Rice, Patna kind --.--- 014 0 ~— 016 0 000 — 0 0 0. do. 
——, East India---+.-+- 011 0 — 015 0 0110 —'013 0. do. 
Silk, China, Taweesesees 018 1 — 11 5 1031— 1 010 per Ib. 
——, Bengal, skein --+» 015 3 — 016 3 | 013 1 — 016 7. do, 
Spices, Cinnamon ------ 0 7 7 — 07 9/]0 711 — 0 8 0. do. 
Cloves -s+2e0es 0 5 8 — 03 9!}0 3.9 — 0:0 ..0. do. 
——, Nutmegs +--+.» 0 3 9 — 0 310 ]0 3 8 — 0.0.0. do 

, Pepper, black-- 0 0 72— 0-0 71} 0.0 7}— 0 0 0. do. 
——____——, white-- 0 1 3EL— 014]041 33— 01 4 do, 
Spirits, Brandy, Cogniaec 0 3 6 — 0 4+ 0|]0 3 3 — 0 3.6 perigal, 

, Geneva Hollands 9 1 7 — 0 18/0 00— 0.00. do, 

,»Rum, Jamaica:- 0 110 — 0 21/0110 — 0 2 0. do, 
Sugar, brown:---++---- 216 0 — 216 0 | 211 0 — 216.0 percwt. 

, Jamaica, fine ---- 3114 0 — 314 01] 3 8.0 — 312.0. do. 

, East India,brown 014 0 — 1 0 0] 012 6 — 015 0. .do. 

plump, fine.-ers2.5 4 4 0 — 412 0 | 4129 0 — 4.17 0.. do. 

Tallow, town-melted:--» 118 0 — 000/00 0 — 0 0. 0 .,do, 

- , Russia, yellow:- 116 0 — 00 01115 0 — 115 6. do. 
Tea, Bohea:++-++«- sore O 25H — O QB 63 DZ 63 — 0 0 °0 perlb. 
——, Hyson, best:----- 0 3 4— 903 8|]000 — 0 0 0..do. 
Wine, Madeira, old ----22 0 0 —33 0 O |28 0 0 — 53 0 O perpipe 
——, Port, old ---++--- 494 0 0 —55 0 0 |24 0 0 — 55 0 0. do. 
——, Sherry --+*-+----25 0 0 —60 0 0 |25 0 O — 65,.0, O\per-butt 


Premiums. of Insurance.—Guernsey or Jersey, 10s. 6d.—Cork. or Dublin, 10s. 6d. 
—Belfast, 10s. 6d.—Hambro’, 7s. 6d. @ 10s,—Madeira, 15s. 9d. a 208, 0d,—Jamaica, 
30s.—Greenland, out and home, 5 gs. to 8 gs. : 

Course of Exchange, June 21,—Amsterdam, 12 9.—Hamburgh, 37,10,—Paris, 25 60. 
—Leghorn, 474.—Lisbon, 514.—Dublin, 93 per cent. ; 

Premiums on Shares and Canals, and Joint Stock Companies, at the Office of Wolfe and 
_Edmonds’.—Birmingham, 6001.—Coyentry, 10001.—Derby, 1351,—Ellesmere,. 611.— 
Grand Surrey, 55l.—Grand Union, 21/.—Grand Junction, 245/.—Grand Western, Si. 
—Leeds and Liverpool, 360/.—Leicester, 300/.—Loughbro’, 34001—Oxford, 6701.— 
Trent and Mersey, 1900/.—Worcester, 25l/.—East India Docks, 160/.—London, 
1084/.—West India, 186/.—Southwark BriwéE, 211.'10s.—Strand, 5!.—Royal Exchange 
EEO ANCE 2601.—Albion, 501—Globe, 1341—Gas Ligut Company, 711.—City 

itto, 1131. 

The 3 per cent. Reduced, on the 2ist was 804; 3 per cent. Consols, —; 4 per 
cent, 97% ; 4 per cent. (1822) 98 ; 5 per cent. Navy, —. 

Gold in bars, 31. 17s. 6d. per 0z.—New doubloons, 3/, 15s,—Silver in bars, 4s. 11d. 

ALPHABETICAL 


p> 383° 4 


[July 1, 


AveHaseticaL List or Bankrurtcies announced between the 20th of May, 
and the 20th of June, 1822: extracted from the London Gazette. 


—_— 


BANKRUPTCIES, [This Month 106.] 


Solicitors’ Names are in Parentheses. 


ABBOTT, S. Cumming~-place, Pentonville, mer- 
~ chant. Na and Co. L. 

Baillie, J. Aylesbury-street, Clerkenwell, 

founder, (Martindale 

Bateman, A. Bristol, victualler. (Poole and Co. L. 

Beaumont, T. S. and J. Leicester, baker. (Jeyes, L. 

Bethell, T. Poole, painter. (Holme and Co,'L. 

Bell, J. Suffolk-lane, wine-merchant. (Patterson 


iron- 


and Co. 

Bishop, R. Aston road, Birmingham, brass-founder. 
(Holme and Co. L. 

Billington, ue Manchester, shopkeeper. (Adlington 
aud Co. L, 

Blyth, J. Wellington, Shropshire, draper. (Adling- 
ton and Co. L, 

Bolton, W. Banbury, and T. Bolton, Grimsbury, 
Northamptonshire, coal-merchants. (Meyrick 
and Co. L, 

Boyd, S. C. Oxford, wine-merchant. (Bridger, L. 

Bradbury, R. Stone, dealer. (Barber, L. 

Bradshaw, J. Eccleshall, Staffordshire, butcher, 
(Hubbard and Co. Cheadle 

Brammall, G. Sheffield, merchant. (Duncan, L. 

Breedan, W. and H. Ruddington, Nottinghamshire, 

dealers in cattle. (Long and Co. L 

Brook, me er peg Somersetshire, brewer, (Jenkins 
an 0. ln 

Cardwell, E. Thornhill, Yorkshire, iron-founder. 
(Battye, L. hs 

Celson, W. Plymouth, grocer. (Swain andCo. L. 

Chasey, T. East Pennard, Somersetshire, butcher. 

Burfoot, L. M 

Chetham, J. Stockport, money-scrivener. 
and Co, L, 

Cobb, H. Graveney, Kent, farmer. (Lowe and Co. 

Coburn, T, Witney, woolstapler. (Bousfield and Co. 

Collins, J. and R. Capell, Northampton, carriers. 
(Jeyes, L. 


(Lowe 


Collins, J. Vincent-place, City-road, broker. 
(Fenton, L. + 
Coppard, J. sen. Mitcham, drug-grinder. (Pocock 


Courthope, F. W. Langbourn Chambers, timber- 
merchant. (Pearson 7 
Cox, J. Pensford, Somersetshire, mealman, (Dix, L. 
Croxon, W. B. Burton, Latimer, Northamptonshire, 
miller. (Nelson, L. 

Dodd, J. and W. Kirkoswald, Cumberland, grocers. 
(Battye, L. 

Ellis, T. Crooked-Jane, drysalter. (Clutton and Co. 

Fothergill, W: Cannon-street road, ship-owner. 
(Nind and Co. L. 

Fowler, J. S. and A. E. Liverpool, 


CiByioe 

Fulton, E, Barl-street, Blackfriars, coal-merchant. 
(Bowman. ‘ 

Furlong, W. and J. Bristol, haberdashers. (Wil- 
liams and Co. L, ' 
Gibson, W. and F. Tomm, Trinity-square, corn- 
factors. (Parnther and Co. ; 
Goodeve, W, D. Wimborne Minster, Dorsetshire, 
brewer. (Minchen, L. 

Gould, W. and F, Greasley, Maiden-lane, Wood- 
Street, hosiers. (Arden 

Goulden, J. Goulden-place, 
enter, (Norton f 4 

Gratton, J. Lapworth, Warwickshire, 
(Edmunds, L. 

Haines, J. Lubenham, Leicestershire, baker. (Mon- 
trion and Co. L, 

Hales, W. N. Bilston, Staffordshire, mercer. (Wil- 
liams and Co. L. 

Harman, J. Lower Thames-street, merchant. 
(Clutton and Co. 4 

Harris, N. Southampton, coach-master. (Wills 
and Co. L. 

Henderson, R. Lowthian Gill, Cumberland, corn- 


merchants, 


Hackney-road, car- 


tanner, 


dealer. (Addison and Co. L. 
Heys, J. Stockport, draper. (Battye,L.  _ 
Hirst, J, Aldmondbuwry, Yorkshire, | merchant. 
“(Battye, L. 
Holden, J. Manchester, calico-dealer. (Hampson 
Holden, 0. Clitheroe, calico-manufacturer. (Hamp- 
son and Co; Manchester q 
Hoardman, R. Liverpool, merchant. (Adlington 


and Co. L. . 
Humphreys, W. Billesdon, Leicestershire, draper, 
oore and Co. L. 
Huntingdon, J. Snow-hill, jeweller. (Mayhew 


Hughes, T. Grosvenor-row, Chelsea, linen-draper+ 
(Ponkin, L, 

Husband, R. Plymouth, mercer, (Mackinson, L. 

Ulin gor Ee A. Fowey, merehant. (Bourdillon 
and Co. L. ; 

Jackson, S. G.S. South Lynn, jobber. (Wright, L. 

Jermyn, J. Yarmouth, merchant. (Swaine and Co, 

Jenkins, T, Lianwithin, Glamorganshire. (Gregory 

Johnson,W,. Gainsburgh, maltster, (Barnard and Co, 

Johnson, 8. Skinner-street, Bishopsyate-street, cas 
binet-maker. (Young 

Joplin, J. Sunderland, linen-draper. (Bell and Co, 

Jones, J. Coreley, Shropshire, lime-burner, (Billiard 
and Co. L. ; 

Kelson, T. Comb Down, Sornersetshire, farmer. 
(Miller, L. 

Kent, T. Kirton Holme, Lincolnshire, butcher. 
(Jenkins and Co. L. 

Large, J. Wootton Bassett, Wilts, banker. (Mullings 

Latter, J. Windsor, oilman. (Hindmarsh, L, 

Leigh, G. Wincham, Cheshire, dealer-in-coals. 
(Meek, Betley 

Lewis, R. King-street, 


: Soho, chair-maker. (King 
and Co, 

Long, D. Andover, gun-maker. (Bousfield andCo. 

Lowry, J. Bunker’s-hill, Cumberland, lead-ore 
miner. (Clennell, L. 

Lyall, G. North Shields, merchant. (Francis, L, 

Maddock, C. F. Plymouth, linen-draper. (Hine, L. 

Mathews, E. Col ege-hill Upper Thames-street, 


merchant, (Ric lardson 

rc ibe get - Lopvgham, Hants, maltster. 
(Parr, Ringwood 

Murrow, T. Liverpool, money-scrivener. (Pritt 


Naish, F. Tiverton, Somersetshire, clothier. (Adling- 
ton and Co. L. 

Newton, T. Holbeach, Lincolnshire, and W. New- 
ton, Norfolk, jobbers and wool-buyers, (Willis 


an 0, Li 

Olley, T. Clare, Suffolk, inaltster. (Stevens 

Paradise, J. Newcastle-street, Strand, jeweller. 
(Rosser 9 

Pelerin, H. F. Lloyd’s Coffee-house, insurance- 

. broker. (Evans : 

Piell, W. Bromyard, Herefordshire, builder. .(Wil- 
liams and Co. L, 

Penvold, W. Clutton, Somersetshire, builder, 
(Burfoot, L. 

Pickman, W. East Isley, Berks, grocer. (Wilde 
and Co. L. 7 

Port, F. J. repetey, Staffordshire, druggist. (Stocker 
and Co, L. Ky 

Potts, W. Sheerness, linen-draper. (Osbaldestone. 
and Co, L. 

Probyn, J. M. Long-lane, Bermondsey, surgeon. 
(Niblett, L. 

Quilter, H. Leicester, victualler. (Holme and Co. _ 

Raine, J. Great Coram-street, merchant, (Wake, 
Sheffield ! 
Ralfs, J. Fresliwater, Isle of Wight, corn-dealer. 
(Sewell and Co, Newport Es 
Rashbrook, W. Lavenham, Suffolk, farmer. (Chilton 
Ridley T., J. Brown, and W, Sawport, South Blyth, 
Northumberland, brewers. (Francis,L. 
noes J. Old Broad-street, merchant. (Knight 
and Co. 

Saunders, J. Holland-strect, Bankside, factor 
(Hutchinson a 

Shipway, T. Tidworth, Warren Farm, Hampshire, 
sheep-dealer. (Bousfield and Co, L. 

Sporr, M. North Shields, upholsterer. (Francis, L. 

Staham, fs id pear: Lancashire, dyer. (Appleby 
and Co. L. 

Stonall, G. Box, Wiltshire, tailor. (Poole and Co. 

Trige, H. and J. Ratcliffe, Hertford, timber-mer- 
chants, (Hewitt 

Twycross, J. Westbourn, Sussex, fell-monger. (Ste- 
vens and Co. L. : : : 

Tyler, W. Kimbolton, Huntingdonshire, currier. 
(Forbes, L. 


Watson, W. Chelsea, brewer. (Vandercom, L, . 
Willing, S: Plymouth, corn-merchant, (Wright, L. 
Wilson, T. S. Methley, Yorkshire, maltster. 


(Scatchard, Halifax 
Wood, W. Brumby, Lincolnshire, jobber. (Mason 
Worthington, B. Stangate-street, Lambeth, brewer. 
James 
vouses W. North Bank, near Regent’s Park, and J. 
Green, Camden Town, exeayators. (Carlon, L. 
Young, D, Leeds, merchant, (Tottie and Co. . 


DIVIDENDS. 


1822.] 


Abraham and Levy, Bath 

Ambrose, W. Clapton 

Anderson, A. and G. Wilson, 
Philpot-lane 

Armstrong, J. North Wuarnbo- 
rough, Hants 

Ayton, I: and J. Sanders, New- 
castle-upon-Tyne 

Batten, L. St. Alban’s 

Beaufoy, J. Meriden, Warwicksh. 

Bessell, C. Prospect-place, Surrey 

Benson, J. Birmingiiam 

Bedwith, T. Shropshire 

Bivg, J. and C. Hatfield 

Bird, T. Solihut Lodge, 
wickshire 

Booth, W. and R. Bishopwear- 
mouth 

Boullen, P. Norton Falgate 

Bramall, J. Mossley 

Brittain, B. Sawbridgeworth 

Brown, J. Canterbury 

Card, J. Fitzroy-square 

Chaplin, D. Haverhills, Suffolk 

Clarke, Buckden, Huntingdonsh. 

Clame, J. Camberwell 

Cobham, W. jun. and T. Jones, 
Ware 

Cook, J. Helmsley, Yorkshire 

Cooke, T, and M. E. Brennan, 
Strand 

Cooper, R. Stratford 

Crossland, S. Liverpool 

Crump, J. Birmingham 

Curtis, J. Fordingbridge, Hants 

Doorman, C. C, Wellclose-square 

Douthatt, S. Liverpool 

Driver, J. and M. Bristol 

Durrant, W. Finsbury 

Ellis, R. Dean-street, Southwark 

Biphick, W. Westham 

Evans, 8. Bristol 

Eyre, W. Cockspur-street 

Félham,T, Essex-buildings, Strat- 


ford 
Forbes, J. and D. Gregory, Al- 
dermanbury 
Forster, T.William-st. Newington 
Freame, T. Worcester 
Fiiend, T. E.H. ani W. J. Sun- 
_ derland 
Farness, J. Liverpool 
George, W. Haymarket 
Gotoded, W. Stretham, Ely | 
Goodwin, P. Llanrwst, Denbigh- 


shire 
Greayes, W. H..Philpot-lane 
Greaves, A. Queen-st. Cheapside 
Greenwood, T. jun. Preston 
Gregory, J. Blackwall 
Hampson, R. and T. Liverpool 
Hamilton, W. and M, Ayar, 
BRiches-court, Lime-street 
Hartland, J. Gloncester 
Hawkins, W. T. and J, Bir- 
miogham 


MONTHLY 


War- 


Agricultural [eporé. 


DIVIDENDS. 
Hassell, J, Richard-st. Islington 
Hayzelden, W. Milton, Kent 
Hammerich, J. W. Liverpool 
Hicks, J. Leeds 
Hill, 1. Hope, Derbyshire 
Hirst, J. Tower-street 
Hopwood, W. T. J. jun. and J. 

Horwich, Lancashire 
Hopper, C, Little Trinity-lane 
Humphreys, S. Charlotte-street, 

Portland-place 
Jacob, E. Liantrissent, Glamor- 

ganshire 
Jennings, C. Portsea 
Johnstone, J. Liverpool 
Kelty, A. Colonade, Pall Mall 
King, W. Birmingham 
Knowles, J. and H. Walker, 

Salford 
Lace, S. Liverpool 
Lavers, J. Kingsbridge, Deyonsh. 
Leigh, S. Strand 
Lilly, N. Leeds 
Lincoln, R. St. James’s-street 
Lowes, G. Commercial-buildings, 

Mincing Jane 
Mackavoy, H. King-st. Greenwich 
M' Kay, R. Knutsford 
Maltby, W. jun. and W. Thorpe, 

jun. Bath 
M‘Mullen, W. G. and &. Herttord 
Maitland, D. New Bridge-street 
Marfitt, R. Pickering, Yorkshire 
Martin, C. Great Yarmouth 
Mayher, E. and J. Keeling, Staf- 
fordshire 
Mason, E.Worcester, and J. Penn, 

Lane End, Birmingham 
Melton, M. and T. Highgate 
Mitchell, J. Essendon, ertford- 


shire * 

Mitchell, S. Dorking 

Mills, S. Stamford 

Molong, M. City-road 

Mulligan, T. Bath 

Mumby, R. Glamford Briggs, 
Lincolnshire ; 

Needham, R. Queen’s-buildings, 
Brompton-road 

Newcomb, W. Wood-st. Cheapside 

Oake, G. R. Circus, Minories 

Palmer, T. Gutter-lane 

Parkinson,G. Failworth, Lancash, 

Perkins, T. Manchester 

Pickering, J. Woburn-place, Rus- 
sell-square 

Pitt, R. Hallow, Worcestershire 

Prentice, W, Southwark 

Price, T. Rodborough, Glouces- 
tershire 

Polglasse, J. Bristol 

Pridham, J. Exeter 

Purkis, W. Portsmouth 

Ratcliffe, J. Manchester 

Reid, W. sen. Rosamond-street, 
Clerkenwell 


559 


Reynolds,R. Shobrooke, Deyonsh. 
Reynolds, W, late of the ship 
Orient 
Richards, J. E. C. and J. jun. 
_ St.:Martin’s-lane 
Richardson, G. Mecklenburgh- 
square, and T. Yokes, Glou- 
_ cester-street, Queen-square 
Rist, C. Cornhill 
Rolland, F. St. James’s-street 
Royle, J. F. Pall Mall 
Sallows, R, Hadleigh, Suffolk 
Sandbach, J. Bird’s-buildings, 
Islington 
Scott, J. Huddersfield 
Sill, J. and W. Watson, Liverpool 
Smith, J. Shrewsbury 
Snouggs, J. W. A. and J. Walley, 
ime-street 
Steen, J. Fenchurch-street 
Stein, J.. T. Smith, R. Stein, J, 
Stein, and R, Smith, Fen. 
church-street 
Sudlow, W. Manchester 
Sumner, C, C. Hillingdon 
Surrey, J. and J. Mark-lane 
Sweet,C. NorthTawton, Devonsh. 
Tarlton, J. Liverpool 
Taylor, FE. Adlington 
Thompson, G. Preston 
Thompson, T. Camomile-street 
Threlfall, H. Blackburn 
Thurton, J. March, Isle of Ely 
Thomas, B. Newport, Monmouth- 
shire 
Tickall, J. Crosthwaite, Cum- 
berland 
Tipping, T. Warrington 
Todd, S. Southampton 
Treherne, J. St. Martin’s-street, 
Leicester-square 
Tucker, E. Deptford 
Warne, W. Bedford-street, Co- 
vent-garden 
Warner, R. Huntingdon 
Warner, A. St. Catharine-street, 
Tower 
Watkins, W. Norton, Worcestersh. 
Watson, J. Holwich, Yorkshire 
Watts, W, Gosport 
Wathen, ©. Salters’-hall court 
Welsh, W. Liverpool 
Webb, W. and H. Bristol 
Williams, J. Bishopsgate-street 
within 
Wilson, W. Gateshead 
Wilson, D. and A. Gresdale, 
Manchester 
Wilson, R. Clement’s-lane 
Woodcock, W. Preston 
Woodhouse, T. Nottingham 


Wynde, J. Leominster 


Young, P. jun. and R. Anderson, 
W apping 

Young, I’. Machen, Monmouthsh, 

Zachary, H. Lawrence-laue. 


AGRICULTURAL REPORT. 


a 


INCE our last Report, the aspect of 

the country, in all its productions, 
has been considerably reduced in verdure 
and luxuriance, by almost constant 
drought, and excessive solar heat, alter- 
nating with chilling easterly winds. Thun- 
der-storms have been frequent, but the 
accompanying showers lave not been suf- 
ficient. to moisten beyond the surface of 
the earth, or effectually nourish the vege- 
table roots.. “Ihe autumnal wheats, with 
the usual local exceptions, will be a great 
crop, perhaps considerably beyond an 
average, and the harvest as early as in the 
most favourable years. We do not recol- 
lect to have seen the wheat in bloom ear- 


lier; that critical process is now past on 
the best lands, where wheat, should not 
unfavourable weather intervene, will be 
cut in the middle of next month. Spring 
wheat, not so usual a crop as formerly, 
partakes of the ill success of the other 
Jent corn crops, from the want of rain; 
and, should the same defect continue, 
those crops must be generally light at har- 
vest. ‘Ihe perpetual atmospheric changes 
have had their invariable effect on the 
corn, from its grass to its present state; 
and the wheats have universally the blue 
tinge, with the spotted and striated leaf, 
the ears also being mostly discoloured. 
How far this may be productive of disease 

2 1s, 


560 


is usually uncertain, dependant, probably 
on circumstances,, Some complaints still 
continue of the roughness and intractable 
state of the clays and heavy land fallows, 
which had no winter frosts to mellow and 
render them’ friable. The consequence 
will’ be‘not only a bad tilth, but super- 
abundant crop'of couch grass for future 
seasons. Turnip-sowing (few Swedes this 
year,) has been in full progress; but, 
should the drought continue, there will be 
no want of fly. On good and moist soils 
the potatoes look blooming and luxuriant ; 
on those of an arid description, the crop 
will be greatly defective: they are, how- 
ever, cheaper now in some parts of England 
than ever before known. Sheep-shearing 
chas been universally early, and most suc- 
cessful. The wool, having had no impe- 
diment to its growth from the rigours of 
winter, and the sheep having been well 
kept, their fleece was early ripe, weighs 
well, and is full of condition, Notwith- 
standing the want of rain, the crops of 
grass, natural and artificial, with some 
failures, were never earlier or heavier, nor 
the hay better preserved, or of a more nu- 
tritious quality, being full of seed. Hops, 
with all the usual defects of an uncertain 
season, are likely to prove a heavier crop 
than may be agreeable to some consider- 
able holders. Many farmers, who conti- 
nue the old practice of broad-casting beans, 
will find the present season a corrective 
one. Soiling cattle and horses has been 
very successful, The advance on lean 
stock has continued, whilst the depression 
of price in meat and corn has been regu- 
larly progressive, forboding a still farther 
and perhaps considerable decline. Milch 
cows are cheaper ; pigs and pork below 
every thing else in price. In a consider- 


Political Affairs in, June. 


{July 1, 


able number, of counties, the. reports, are 
favourable, as respects the labourers,— 
plenty of employ, and no reduction of 
wages ; which, together with the cheapness 
of necessaries, has greatly and happily re- 
duced the ‘poortrates. Remarkable’ that 
the accounts are) not so satisfactory from 
some of the richest and most fertile coun- 
ties, as from those of a directly opposite 
description, ‘Apples, are, said to’ promise 
abundantly, and the crops of pears, to tbe 
somewhat better than was expected in the 
spring, Letters from. Scotland do, not 
speak very highly of the corn crops ; wheat 
most promising. The corn-markets, weary 
of the dominion of currency, have lately 
agreed to be governed by the weather; 
and a certain sect, styled political econo- 
mists, have succeeded, in the ‘variable 
market of opinion, to all the odium conse- 
quent on our agricultural distress.—Days 
of uninterrupted sun-shine began in ‘the 
middie of May, and the thermometer ave- 
raged from 62 to 65; but from-June 1 to 
26, it averaged from 68 to. 75, and in. the 
sun was from 100. to 108, though in, the 
night it fell to 50, and often to 40.. Of 
rain there has been two or three showers, 
and one thunder-storm. 8 fd 
Smithfield :—Beef, 2s. to 3s. 2d.~-Mut- 
ton, 2s. 4d. to 2s. 8d—Lamb, 4s: 6d, to 
5s. 6d.—Veal, 3s. to 4s.—Pork, 9s. 4d. 
to 3s.—Dairy pork, 3s. 6d. to 48.—Raw 
fat, 2s. wes baits 
Corn Exchange:—W heat, 28s. to 60s.— 
Barley, 18s. to 26s.—Oats, 17s. to, S0%—> 
The quartern loaf in London, 94d.—Hay, 
60s. to 86s.—Clover do. 685. to, 953—= 
Straw, 28s. 6d. to 48s. ; 
Coals in the pool, 36s. to 48s, eae 
Middlesex ; June 25. ‘ 


POLITICAL AFFAIRS IN JUNE. 


ie nel 


GREAT BRITAIN. 

HE past has been a month of 

great agitation! A population 
in an extremity of relative distress, 
with an inefficient Parliament, and 
crowds of state and political quacks, 
tendering their nostrums, and abusing 
the anxiety of the people. 

“All kinds of real property are de- 
preciated with reference to money. 
Land lets for half the rent of seven 
years ago. Houses in the best situa- 
tions in London fetch no premiums, 
and let at reduced rents. Country- 
houses and mansions may be. had for 
two-thirds. Agricultural produce sells 
for half; manufactured goods are ge- 
nerally lowered thirty-five or forty per 
cent.; shipping property is reduced 
one-half ; colonial property even to a 
third ; and nothing keeps up but the 
stocks, debts, bills of exchange, mort- 


gages, and the interest of debts. Re- 
gular industry therefore is baffled, and 
personal prosperity is become a spe- 

cies of lottery. 
Asa means of simultaneously depre- 
ciating money, the Bank of England 
have agreed to discount approved 
bills. at. ninety-six days for four per 
cent. ; and it is understood that the 
bankers will discount good bills on 
the same terms. There will conse- 
quently be a market-price of four, per 
cent. and a legally attainable price of 
five cent. on long-dated or second-rate 
bills, as the parties agree. We anti- 
cipate much commercial benefit from 
the arrangement, and prefer it infi- 
nitely to the dangerous experiment of 
repealing the Usury Laws. Let us 
hope it will pave the way to a reduc- 
tion of interest of the stocks, and other 
debts, one per cent.—a concession as 
necessary 


1822.] 


necessary to the ultimate security of 
the public and private creditor, as it 
is indispensable to the reduced means 
of the nation, and of individuals. 

In the Chronology we have briefly 
noticed tne varicus propositions dis- 
cussed in Parliament, with the divi- 
sions on them. Public gratitude at- 


tends thé exertions of Messrs. Hume,. 


MackintosH, Broucuam, BENNETT, 
and WEsTERN, in one House; and the 
Lords LAanspowne, HoLianp, and 
Grey, in the other House. They have 
warned and instructed ministers, if 
they have notimproved their practices, 
In truth, when Parliament met six 
months ago, the hopes of all England 
were directed towards it for measures 
of relief; but, after various plans 
ostentatiously brought forward, the 
session is about to terminate without 
ANY ONE HEALING MEASURE BEING 
ADOPTED; and ministers seem utterly 
unable to suggest any plan calculated 
to remove or palliate the diseases of 
the nation. Shifts, evasions, promises, 
and idle projects, have been brought 
forward and abandoned; but nothing 


statesman-like, or founded on great, 


principles; and evils are left to work 
their own cure, or find their own level, 
whatever may be the intermediate 
consequences and suffering. 

. Nothing even has been done for Ire- 
land, except by public sympathy work- 
ing against the stream of a bad sys- 
tem. On this 25th of June, the na- 
tional subscription for the Irish, impo- 
verished by tithes and high rents, 
amounts to above 100,000/.; and, 
while we rejoice in announcing this 
fact, we should rejoice in a ten-fold 
degree if we could announce a general 
amelioration of the tithe-system, and 
some legislative regulation of the hor-- 
rid rack-rent system, by which from 
5l. to 101. per acre is extorted for land 
remote from large cities. 

Some anxiety was created within 
the month by news of the interrup- 
tion of trade with China. The Topaze 
frigate had had a quarrel, and killed, 
two Chinese; on which the local go- 
vernment properly suspended all in- 
tercourse ; but it is understood that the 
affair is in train of adjustment. 

Another attempt is making to re- 
pass the ignominious Alien Law, as 
tribute to the Holy Alliance,—which, 
not satisfied with money, demands the 
sacrifice of our national honour and 
independence ! 

FRANCE. 

The revenue and expenditure of 

Monty Maa, No. 369. 


Political Affairs in June. 


561 


France has been laid before the French 
Chamber of Deputies. The. esti- 
mated .revenue for 1823 amounts to 
909,130,783 francs, or 36,365,2311, ; the 
estimated expenditure to 900,475,503 
francs, or 36,019,0111.; and this latter 
estimate includes the interest of her 
debt, which amounts only to 228,724,260 
francs, or 9,148,9701. 

Nevertheless, France is in a very 
precarious state, owing to the dis- 
pensing with the Charter, and to the 
superstitious and insidious policy of 
the court. : 

SPAIN. 

We subjoin an official report of the 
Cortes on the villainous intrigues of 
which Spain is the silent and secret 
victim. In France the attack was hy 
open assault; but, experience having 
proved the error of that system, Spain 
is assailed by sap-and-mine. The 
Cortes seem, however, aware of their 
danger, and we hope they feel also 
that the attention of the civilized 
world is upon them. The fanatics and 
hired agents, having taken the field in 
Catalonia, have been dispersed by the 
encrgy of the constitutional troops. 
But there is deep play on the French 
frontiers ; and we suspect, in the end, 
the Bourbons will find that they have 
been playing with edged tools in more 
senses than one. 

The following Message has been 
addressed to the King of Spain, re- 
specting the situation of the country : 

_ “Sine,—The representatives of the 
Spanish nation assembled in Cortes for 
the present year, 1822, are overcome with 
grief at the prospect of the dreadful evils 
which afflict the country ; it has honoured 
them with the greatest confidence in con- 
fiding to them the care of its destinies, and 
they. would show themselves unworthy of 
so high a favour, if they did not raise 
their voices to the august throne of your 
Majesty, in order to unveil to the Con- 
stitutional King the dangers which inenace 
this heroic nation. 

The language of truth is the only one 
which ought to be addressed to Kings who 
reign by the law; and.who, bearing it al- 
ways in their hearts, aspire to nothing but 
the happiness of those they govern, | Sire, 
this heroic nation is already fatigued by 
the continual attacks of wicked men, and 
by the blows they unceasingly aim at its 
wise Institutions, It does not fear any 
attack in this respect, but it is irritated, it 
is exasperated, and the Cortes and the 
Constitutional King ought to tranquillize 
it, to secure its repose, to put an end to 
the conspiracies which are on foot, and to 

revent the horrors that are meditated, 

It is now two years, Sire, since your 

4B Majesty, 


Be 


562 


Majesty, as the father of (the speople, de- 
termined to: contribute: to: them happiness 
—swore freely, and of:all) your own will, 
to the political Constitution of the Spanish 
monarchy.) On the: memorable: day when 
your Majesty took a stepso eminently 
glorious, all:those: Spaniards who love their 
King and) theit liberty; delivered) them- 
selves up to the! most flattering hopes ; an 
event, as giand a8 unexpected, astonished 
Europe, overthrew the enemies of man- 
kind, and compressed the fiercest passions. 
Who. was not then ready to believe that it 
was the moment the best chosen, and the 
best ‘combined, to secure for ever the 
telicity, the glory, the grandeur, and the 
power of the nation, which appeared to 
be dying and in despair? But, Sire, we 
are, alas! very far from having reaped the 
advantages which that happy nioment pro- 
mised us, 

Soon was developed the dreadful design 
of .arresting the progress of liberty and 
intelligence—the most innocent and. the 
most legal assemblies were denounced: as 
criminal, and the most illustrious patriots 
were persecuted with deadly hatred. 

Sire, the Spanish nation regards its li- 
berty as attacked—seeing with what slow- 
ness those who openly combated it are 
proceeded against and the insolence of 
the enemies of its Constitution, in speaking 
openly of their sinister projects, and in 
chanting already their next victory. 

Sire, the Spanish nation sees with dis- 
content.and bitterness the administration 
of some of its provinces. confided to in- 
experienced, hands—to. individuals who 
are not liked by the people.—The impunity 
of real criminals, the unjust and arbitrary 
prosecutions, produce great scandal, aug- 
ment the anxiety of the good, and may 
have melanclioly consequences. 

And what will be the danger to the pub- 
lie huis Se if to these distrusts which 
afflict the natioi—to these fears which 
surround; it—to these discontents which 
devour, it—should be joined the machi- 
nations, and the efforts of persons who un- 
fortunately have most. influence on the 
simple class, and deceive the nation. The 
Cortes point out’ to you, Sire, those mi- 
nisters of the sanctuary; those ambitious 
prelates ; those men, who, ‘having quitted 
the world and. its ‘interests | to: consecrate 
themselves to prayer and to virtue, now 
trample, under, foot, the, morality of the 
gospel, the spirit of true religion, and the 
doctrine of peace of their diyine master—~ 
abusing the august and sacred functions 
of the priesthood, to sow superstition and 
disobedience. © bi 

All that we liave stated to yon, Sire, is 
but too’ fully proved ‘by the’ different fac- 
tions which’ appear siniultaneously in 
Catalonia, where the events are of such a 
nature that it is borible to recal them, 
and the pen refuses to narrate them. 

When the tranguillity of the State is on 


Political Affaits in June. 


[July 1, 
the: point of ‘being entirely annihilated, if. 
any prompt and efficacious remedy cau be 
suggested, the Cortes’ wonld be wanting 
in the most sacred of their duties, which 
isto labour-for the preservation and the’ 
happiness of the heroic and unfortunate 
nation whieh they represent, if ‘they were’ 
not to address your Majesty with all due 
respect, but with the energy which is snit- 
able to the-deputies of a free people, to’ 
pray, that, witha strong hand, the roots of: 
so many misfortunes—of so many dangers, - 
may be torn up, giving with all the vigotr 
and the power granted by the law, anew 
and strong impulse to the government, ‘in 
order that it may proceed with more liax- 
mony, in unison with ‘public opinion, 
which rules the world, and the progress’ 
of which men can néver arrest. AG 

To consolidate that opinion, Sire, whicly 
only now. consists‘in loving the Constitu- 
tion to which we have sworn, ‘and whiclr 
will be consolidated by frankness and good 
faith, all Spaniards should) be’ persuaded 
that. their Government jis identified with 
the cause of liberty, and that the Throne 
and the National Representation form an 
indissoluble league, a barrier of” brass) 
against which would ‘be ‘broken’ the’ pro- 
jects and conspiracies “of ‘all’ those who; 
under whatever mask, wish to‘despoil'us 
of the valuable treasure of our guarantées 

Let the people see power confided’ to 
men who love the public liberty ; let -the 
entire nation see that the title and virtues 
of atrue patriot form the only right, the 
only way to the presence of your Majesty, 
to. deserve favour and obtain honours; 
and that all the rigour of justice and royal 
indignation may fall on the wicked who 
dare to profane your, Majesty’s august and, 
sacred name to oppress the country, and 
liberty. 

This is what the Cortes expect and de- 
sire. ‘They supplicate your Majesty to 
cause those apprehensions to cease, of 
which we are the victims, and to ‘prevent 
the evils with which we are: threatened, 
by ordering that the volunteér’ national 
militia may be immediately augmented 
and ‘armed tliroughont the kingdom, for 
the citizens armed for the defence of their 
homes and their liberty, are the firmest™ 
supports of the Constitution; that ‘with 
équal promptitude the permanent arniy 
may be’ organised—that army, so worthy 
of the’ gratitude ‘of your Majesty and’ of 
the scountry,°and whose’ exploits “and vir 
tues are ‘the ‘admiration of the universe? 
At ‘the ‘same ‘time the Cortes hope’ that 
your Majesty ‘will’ make known ‘to’“alk 
foreign gevetninents who directly or in- 
directly Wish'to interfere in our domestic 
affairs, that the nation is not in a’ sitnation: 
to receive Jaws, that it has strengtti and 
resources to cavise them to be respected; 
and that if it has beev enabled to defend 
its independence and its King with glory : 
it is with tue same glory, and with still 
gteater 


1822,] 


greater efforts, that it will always defend 
its King and its liberty. x 

. Fhe. Cortes are, persuaded, : that! -your 
Majesty, will adopt }the, most ) energetic 


measures to repress the misconduct of. 


functionaries who trespass (on) and abuse 
their. powers, aad to exterminate the fac- 
tious ;wherever-they may appear. The 
Congress flatter themselves, that with re- 
gard. to, Ecelesiasties and Prelates, who 
preach fanaticism» and. rebelliun, your 
Majesty will take measures so energetic 
and so efficacions, that they will disappear 
terrified from the soil-of Spain, never to 
retuyn to-blow-the fire of discord; and light 
up-the torches of snperstition. 
- <The Cortes ‘suppiicate your Majesty to 
carry into execution these measures, which 
seem to them to. he, now. indispensable, 
without prejudice to those which: the at- 
tributes, of your Majesty may dictate to 
secure (public. order,-and consolidate the 
safety of the State. ‘ 

The Cortes hope also, that your Majesty 
will strictly unite yourself to the National 
Repzresentation;*which is only actuated by 
the desire of rendering for ever stable and 
inviolable the. throne of: your Majesty, 
and the: Constitution’ which ‘governs us, 
and which the general and extraordinary 
Cortes promulgated in 1812... Strong, by 
means of this union, Jet us labour in con- 
eert)/ forthe happiness of this heroic na- 
tion, and to.render unalterable its repose, 
itsholy laws,-and its glory.” 
ait Ad » TURKEY. 

Phe ‘legitimates have confederated 
to*rescué this barbarous state from the 
domination of Russia, and the Grecks 
arvéleft to their fate for daring to assert 

“liberty and independance. 

'Of-all the events of this extermi- 

nating war, the destruction of the 

beauntiful.island of Scio, is one of the 
most aillicting... The following details 
are from. the journals: 

_ Smyrna, April 17.—The rebellion in Scio 

was occasioned by the landing of 3 or 

4000 Greeks fromthe island of .Samos, 

also in revolt, when they, were. instantly 
joined, by all the peasantry, who. rose en 
masse, took possession of the town, and 
drove the, Turks. into. the -garrison,, , The 
latter had, about 3000, troops ;,,.the, Greeks 

Mel abdesst 20,000, men imder arms.,.| The 

‘urks remained in the Castle, waiting) for 
re-inforcements, .which,. were ,effectually 
granted,,to, them,.by..the arrival..of the 

Turkish sguadson of forty-seven sail, com 

manded by the Captain) Pacha,, who con- 

veyed, there a, great. numberof troops. 

An, attack, was, then, immediately, made 

on, the Greeks, who defended, themselves, 

but were, defeated, aud ithe Turks re-took 
possession of the town, A scene of car- 
nage then took place bLorrible to relate,— 
every male Greek was cut,to. pieces; and 


Political Affairs in June. 


563 


its said that 153000 have perished. Many 
fled to various parts of the island, and the 
Turks are in pursuit; ‘the same dreadful 
fate’ awaits 'them,\\as they must 'subniit to 
the ‘Tarkish force;::which ‘is: strong): Phe 
town was given up to:pillage and plunder, 
and all: the: females: were made .:slaves. 
They were'selling themiat from twenty to 
forty piastres:each, for Algiers and Egypt. 
Smyrna, April 18.—The Turks “who 
landed at Scio'on the! 12th haveshed much 
blood: 12,000: dead bodies: of ‘Christians, 
of allages and both sexes, were lying in 
the streets, squares, and environs of the 
city. “The Turks had, on their side, 4,000 
killed, and 10,000 wounded.’ The Greeks 
are now entrenched in the mountainous 
parts of Scio, Le 
Trieste, May 11.—Thirty European fa- 
milies arrived here the day before yester- 
day, from Scio, and are now in quarantine. 
They state, that the carnage was dreadful 
the greater part of the women have been 
carried off, and are to be conveyed °to 
Asia; the men have been massacred, and 
the children have been preserved,in order 
to compel them to adopt ‘the religion! of 
Mahomet.—The number of Sciotes killed 
with arms in their hands is estimated at 
16,000, and that of the unfortunate per- 
sons who were massacred, though they 
took no part in the insurrection, at 
40,000. The ruin at’ Scio has spread ter- 
ror in the Levant, and menaces with new 
dangers the wealthiest Greek mérchants, 
Intelligence has jast been received, 
that numbers of Greek merchants, un- 
der the protection of the British am- 
bassador, have been seized and put to 
death in Constantinople. " 
Cydonia, a city of Asia Minor, lately 
surprised and destroyed by the Turks, 
contained some establishments of great 
public utility; among others;\a, college, 
and a rich library. The barbarians 
set fire 1o every thing, and-there is no- 
thing now to be scen but the bones of 
the slaughtered, and the stones’ and 
bricks of the houses. 


SOUTH, AMERICA.) 

Some, contention between\IturvEeBE 

and the Cortes of Mexico is said to be 

adjusted, and the: Generalis declared 
Regent, big tsyaty oF . 

A quarrel between ‘SAN MEARTIN and 
CocuRaneé afforded temporary hopes 
tothe ehemics of liberty in’ Peru; but 
a government has been formed, and its 
provisions séem wise and liberal. 

In the Washington-like character of 
Botiyar,, the, Republic, of Columbia 
seems to, acquire stability; and the 
following .address. of the Congress of 
Columbia, at: the close of their late 
session, to the constituents and the 

people 


504 
people.at.large, will illustrate the state 
of those countries :— 

Columbians !—This' day'sthe Congress 
terminates the august duties with which it 
was charged, and the members, your re- 
presentatives, retire to their respective 
homies, confident that they have accom- 
plished the object of your wishes. You 
are now possessed of: such a Constitution 
as appeared best adapted to the condition 
of the country, and most calculated to in- 
sure to you your liberty and: prosperity. 
The Republic bas also been consolidated, 
by the integral and legitimate union of the 
territories of which it is now composed, 
The duties of the rulers have moreover 
been defined and circumscribed; your 
rights are now placed under the most so- 
lemn guarantees for their, security. 

The territory is divided into. depart. 
ments, and these haye received the neces- 
sary organization in all the branches of 
government. Courts of justice have beeu 
established to settle your personal dif- 
ferences and to punish delinquents; and 
with a view to the commen benetit and 
protection of the citizens, tribunals have 
been established in every province, for 
causes of lesser importance. The admi- 
nistration of -justice influences, in a great 
measure, the safety of the citizen; it has 
therefore deserved the particular consi- 
deration of Congress, 

Ignorance was the basis on which the 
government of Spain built its power, as 
being the only condition that could uphold 
slavery; but a Republic like ours can 
alone be maintained by the united virtues 
aud knowledge of its citizens. In order, 
therefore, to advance this great object, 
Congress has determined to establish 
schools, houses of education, colleges and 
universities, and has further appropriated 
the revenues of suppressed religious estab- 
lishments to its accomplishment. 

Nor has the condition of that unhappy 
portion of men who bore the mark of 
slavery among you been overlooked. In 
decreeing, however, the abolition of sla- 
very, in proscribing for ever this barba- 
rots custom, Congress has not acted an- 
justly to innocent proprietors; it has paid 
the homage due to reason, without being 
deaf to the claims of property sanctioned 
by. good faith... 

The public revenue, greatly decreased 
by the calamities: of a disastrons, war, is 
re-established by economical and salutary 
laws, regulations having been adopted, 
which, whilst they increase the revenue, 
will at the same time diminish the burdens 
that oppress the people. No longer shall 
you pay.the duties of alcabala on the ali- 
mentary produce of your industry; the 
import duties have been lessened as much 
as possible, and those on exports have 
also been considerably reduced, 

The distilling of spirituous liquors is 


Political, Affairs in June. 


[July 4, 


free, andythis exemption, which removes 
such -heavy  vexations. from the public, 
must hereafter prove a: fruitful source of 
yiches,and prosperity. |) By the, revenue 
laws, now. in force, you!will be enabled to 
contribute to the wants of; the) State onja 
small, and equal, scale, whilst. at the|same 
time you gain). your.own livelihood with 
ease, As, however, the Governmenty is 
still compelled to incur increased and un- 
avoidable expences, Congress has decreed 
a direct contribution, proportioned to the 
means of the, contributors, equally opay- 
able by all, and which shail be:collected 
without-any additional expence, > ; 

Such have been the labours of your-Re- 
presentatives. ‘bey trust they have ful- 
filled your intentions ; on you, ‘therefore, 
depends what is. still, wanting: to: conso- 
lidate Columbia, and raise her to the high 
rank of strength and, prosperity to, which 
she is destined. Live in intimate and 
brotherly union, befriend eacli other, and 
admit not into your hearts either jealousy 
or rivalship. ‘Dhese: are the) fatabi arms 
your enemies have’ unceasingly wielded, 
in order to: spread discord among: you: 
Union will make: you: stvong, and )put an 
end to a crrel war of eleven yéars? duras 
tion. Dissention will deprive youof® ree 
pose, and. of: the genuine benefits*to be 
derived from society. United you‘are ine 
vincible—disunion is the only enenly you 
have to fear. 

Obey, therefore, those laws) you yours 
selves have framed, for they were dictated 
by your representatives, and duly respect 
those magistrates elected) by) your ‘own 
suffrages. Think of the glory that will bé 
rendered to Columbia, if your haj)piness 
and welfare are secured, . Rememiber, ‘that 
nothing, at its commencement, ‘is' perfeet, 
and that the influence of timé and expe- 
rielice is powerful. Law is the boundary 
of freedom, and this disappears when the 
laws become nerveless. - A free’ press, 
that precious gift inseparable from justice 
and civil liberty, is the proper’ medinm 
for fixing the opinions ahd expressing the 
sentiments. of a free people. Use it with 
that moderation which is preseribed*by thé 
laws, and thus will you preserve your own 
rights, unimpaired... ‘You will restrain 
your rulers within the’ limits of their au- 
thority, and you will acquire the ap- 
provements suggested by-experience aud 
necessity, 

Your representatives will acquaint you 
with the motives by which they have been 
influenced in what they have done; they 
will explain what-you do not understand; 
and make known to you the causes of 
their decisions, They will act.so.as. to 
merit your confidence; and their candour 
and good faith will tranquillize you. 

Disregard; then, the clamours of ignos 
rance and fanaticism.—These weapons 
aim at your disunion; they would bring 

: you 


1822.]: 


you back to dependence-and:slavery, and 
promote your debasement and oppression. 
To these the efforts of your enemies still 
tend. >Possibly they wilkotell you “that 
Congress ‘has sought ‘to.dissemnvate im= 
piows and irreligious: maxims; but: know 
that they have merely sought to free re- 
ligion from the abuses under whielr it la- 
houtedy: without touching its. ésseutial 
poitsy® The vod of these instigators is 
interest; and their religion is reduced to 
the! idolatroas worship of their own pre- 
jidices, = Jndge the Congress by their 
works, compare these .with your own 
wisties and wants, and then conclude for 
yourselves.) He who seeks to disunile 
you, is yourenemy, and you should repel 
hinmas ia disturber of the publie peace. 
Congress: has been actuated by no other 


‘INCIDENTS, MARRIAGES, anp 


Incident sin-and:near London, 


565 
than ‘the ‘anxious: wish ‘of rendering’ you 
happy. ‘To do this, it adopted those very 
principles which you. yourselves long ago 
promulgated, and which have uniformly 
constituted the happiness of other nations, 
Possibly it may not have accomplished alt 
that couldybe wished; but, it. can assure 
you, it has done allthat was in its’ power. 
Your welfare waSiits only object, and«this 
satisfaction ‘is the ouly recompense: it 
expects. ; J 

The Portuguese legitimates seem 
anxious to make a‘stand:' in Brazil; 
but continued insurrections in ‘the 
large cities demonstrate that the Bra- 
zilians will set up a free government, 
like the other .divisions of South 
America, 


DEATHS IN and near LONDON, 


With Biographical Memoirs of distinguished Characters recently deceased. 


“(CHRONOLOGYOF THE. MONTH. 
/PAY. the 27th—A> niet took -place 
among. some drunken workmen in 
Peter-street, Westminster, im which up- 
wares of 200\persons commenced a yene- 
ral attack upon tle houses in that neigh- 
beurhood.. Tie. Westminster police were 
calledsout, the ‘Riot Act read, and thirty- 
four ofthe rioters were secured, 

— 29th. The Society for the Encon- 
ragement, of Artsy Maunfactures, and 
Commerce, heldits anntial mecting for the 
Sielapbnticninf rewards, for the first time, 
ip, Drery, Lane ‘Yieatre. The Duke of 
Sussex presided,a great number of prizes 
were distributed to. meritorious persons ; 
and tha spectacle, altogether, was interest- 
ing and imposing. 

o> 29. A general court of the East 
India, Company proprietors was held this 
day, for Jaying before them the unanimous 
resolution of ‘thanks, voted by the Conrt 
of Directors to the Marquis of Hastings, 
Goveraor-General of Bengal, &c. which 
was agreed to in the following terms, and 
which we are justified in adding, expresses 
also the voice of tie whole nation: 

_ Atageveral Court of Proprietors, held on Wed- 

: nesday the 29th of May, 1822:— 

‘Resolved ‘unanimously—‘‘ That this Court most 
cordially concur with the Coust of Directors, in thejr 
estimation of the unremitting zeal, and eminent 
ability, ‘witty which the most noble the Marquis 
Hastings has; during va period of pearly nine years, 
administered the government of Pritish India with 
such high credit ta himself, and ddvautage to the 
interests of the’ East India Compiny. 

o* Dhat this Gourt, referring to the sentiments exe 
p ‘essed by themselves, and the Court of Directors, 
in December, 1816, dn retuining thanks to Lord 
Hastings; for his skiiful ands successful operations 
ip the War acainst Eis. Nenauless fo their resolue, 

On of the Sd of February, 1319, recognizing the 
ioe a“ ‘enerky of ose measures, which ex- 
Ungrlished a great predatory. power that hadjesta > 
blished itself in the heart of Hindovstan, whose 
existence, experience liad shown to be alike iicom- 
patiple with the security of the Company’s posses 
si §,and the general Hang wil ity of India;. apr 

lauding, at the same time, the foresight, prom pti- 

fude, and vigour, with which hisdordship, by a comé 


—<_— 


bination of military with political talents, had anti- 
cipated and encountered the proceedings of an hos- 
tile confederacy among the Mahratta States, de- 
feated their armies, reduced them to submissjon, 
and materially Jessened their means of future ag- 
gression; réferring also to the resolution: of | the 
Court of Directors, of the 10th March, 1619, ir which 
they appeal, at the close of two glorious and suc- 
cessful wars, to the Records of the East India Com- 
pany, forthe great services which his lordship’siune 
wearied assiduity and comprehensive knowledge of 
the Company’s affairs had enzbled hm to render to 
its most important interests: this Court’ cannot 
bei wit the highest satisfaction, witness their exe- 
cu'ive authorily again coming forward at the termi- 
nation of a caréer so uSe‘ul and brilliant, to express 
and promulgate theirsense of hislordship’s exalted 
merit, and their deep regret, that domestic circum- 
stances should withdraw him from the government 
of their Asiatie territories. HE 4 

“That this Court strongly paricipate in that 
regret, andrequest the Court of Directors to convey 
to the Marquis of Hastings, governor-general and 
commancer-in-chief, these expressions of their uns 
feigned admination, gratitude, and applause.’? in 

— 30. A maguificent fete, given at the 
Opera House, tor the relief of the dis- 
tressed Trish peasantry, which was at- 
tended by all the rank and fashion of the 
meiropolis, and by the king and branches 
of the royal family. neha oo 

— 31. Mr. Scarlett moved the second 
reading of the Poor Removal Bul, in the 
House of Commons; but, ona division, it 
was negatived by a majority of sixteen. 

Jie 4. Sir James Mackintosh brought 
forward lis motion in the Flonsé of Com. 
mons on the barbarous state of the Cri- 
minal Laws ; and, after a powerful speech, 
moved “ that the House’ shonld, early in 
the next session, take into considera. 
‘icn the means of giving greater eiliciency 
to the Crimiaal Law, by abating the pre- 
sent undue rigour of punishment, by im- 
proving the state of the police, and by es- 
tablishing a new system of transportation 
and tnprisonment.” ‘The proposition was 
nevatived by a majority of sixteen, 

— ‘4. The anniversary of the Horticul. 
tural Society was this’ day celebrated at 
the Freemason’s Tavern. The dessert 
presented a rich display of fine-grown 

fruits, 


7 


566 


fruits, among which were four magnificent 
pine-apples, weighing together32\b.10.0z. 

— 5. ‘The Regents’) Canal Company 
held their half-yearly, meeting this day. 
The quantity of the tonnage for 1821,'‘con=" 
veyed. on the canal, amounted to 157,000 
tons, being an increase) of 43,000 tons on 
the corresponding five months of the pre 
ceding year. : 

.—. 6. A court of Common Council was 
held this,;day, to take into consideration 
the Report of the Committee on the erec- 
tion of a new. London Bridge. The Re- 
port stated, that the Committee of the 
House of Commons had come toa resolu- 
tion, reqnesting the Coxporation to adver- 
tize. for plans for>the erection of a new 
‘bridge of five arches... Mr...Oldham 
moved several resolutions expressive of 
the opinion of the court, that a new bridge 
‘was unnecessary, which were carried. A 
new bridge is, nevertheless, to be erected 
forthwith, and isa most desirable object. 

— 6. A fire broke,out on the premises 
of Mr. Briggs, a tallow-chandler in Old 
Gravel-lane, Ratcliffe Highway, by which 
the dwelling-house, and an extensive line 
of workshops, &c. were destroyed. 

— 7. Mr. Cooper, in the conrt.of King’s 
Bench, moved for a rule, callivg on the 
sheriffs of London to account for Mr. 
Carlile’s. property, seized by them for 
fines of 1,500), in 1819, On sentences 
being passed of three years’ imprisonment, 
and fines of 1,5001., the sheriff, one Roth- 
well, quitted ‘the court, and proceeded 
with his deputy: and officers to Carlile’s 
shop, seized his entire stock, and conveyed 
it to Chancery-lane, where it has remained 
since, The surviving sheriff, Mr. Parkins, 
has been served with a copy of a writ by 
Mr. Canlile’s attorney. It is an obvious 
inconsistency, that the whole of a man’s 
property should be taken from him in 
liquidation of a fine, and that he should 
also be confined till'the fine is paid. 

— 10. Theale of the splendid furni- 
ture of Wanstead-house commenced this 
day. For three weeks previous, npwards 
of 5,000 persons had: daily viewed the pro- 
perty. The catalogue is in three ‘4to, 
parts of 130. pages each, and. the sale 
extends to thirty-two days. 

— 11. Mr. Western’ bronght forward 
his. motion ‘in the House of Commons, 
“relative to the resumption ‘of ‘cash pay- 
ments as the cause of agricultural: dis- 
tress ;” and, after an able speech, moved 
that a committee be appointed to consider 
the effect of that Act on.the general con- 
dition of the country: »/Phediseussion was 
adjourned to the following, day, ‘when: his 
motion for a committee was negatived by 
a majority of 134. ; 

— 12. Dr. Lushington applied to the 
Prerogative Court to try.the’ validity of 
the instrument, purporting to be a testa- 
mentary paper executed by the late kmg, 

1 


«Incidents in and near London, 


[July 1, 
in favonr of Lady Olive, otherwise Prin- 
cess of Cumberland, of which the following 
is ‘a copy!) 

ho George Rio * 3 vi S8t, James's. 

In. case of. our royal demise, We give and be- 
queath to Olive, our brother of Cumberland’s daugh- 
ter, the sam) f 15,0001. commanding our heir/and 
successorito-pay the same privately toour said piece, 
for her use, as a recompense for the misfortunes she 
may have known through her father. vee 


Witness, hogar teotd 
J, DUNNING, . CHATHAM, .. WARWICK, 
June 2, 1774. 


The court determined, however, that it 
had no jurisdiction.’ ent 

— 14, The Marquis of Lansdown 
brought forward: a motion ‘on’ the ‘state 
of Ireland, and coneliided his speech by 
moving, “that it is’ the ‘opinion ‘of this 
House that the state‘of Treland mdispen- 
sibly requires the immediate attention of 
parliament, with a’ view to improve ‘its 
condition, and more effecttially to secure 
its tranquillity?” “Phe motion’ was, how- 
ever, negatived by a majority of 48. 


The same day Sir James Mackintosh, | 


in the House of Comnions, after a foreible 
and eloquent’ speech, moved ‘tliat the 
Alien Bill be read a second time this day 
six months.” The motion forthe sécon 


reading, we aré sorry to say, was liowever 


carried by a majority of thirty{foars 


The clectors of Southwark cotiniemo.’ 


rated the return of Sir Robert Wilson by'a - 


dinner, which was numerously ‘attended, 


and a variety of patriotic’ speecties! Were 
made by Sir Robert and his politi¢al friends, 

— 19. Mr. Hunie brouglit forward Mi, 
Daly’s promised motion in the Howse of 
Commons, for a commutation of the Irish 
tithes. In the course df a speecl? of three 
hours, he gave an affecting’ picture of the 
miseries produced by the Ecclesiastical 
System of’ Ireland, and: ‘conchiled with’a 
motion; but Sir John Newport proposed, 
as an amendment, “that ‘the Hotse 
should pledge itself to take the subject of 
tithes into their consideration early in the 
next session, with a view to substitute a 
method of providing for the established 
church different from the présent vexatious 
and injurious system.” ‘This reasonable 
amendment was however negatived. 

— 20. A fire broke out in St. John- 
street, Clerkenwell, on the preniises of 
Mr. Henus, a furrier, which ‘consumed 
his’ and’ the adjoining premises. 

— 20. This day the Bank dircetors 
gave notice of their fature’ intention to 
discount approved bills at nmety-six days, 
at four per cent. interest. : 

L941. Fhe Duke of Portland moved 
the second reading of Mr. Canning’s 
Roman Catholic Peers Bill for enabling 
theni to sit'in the’ House of Lords)” Liords 
Eldon, Colchester, Redesdale, and Liver- 
pool, opposed the motion, ‘whicli’ was ably 
supported by the Lords Grey, Erskine, 
Grenville, and Holland. On a division, 
thie bilfwas lost by 171 to 129, making 300 
votes! The lord chancellor maintained, 

that 


1822.) 


that the exclusion was‘a fundamental prin> 
ciple of the constitution, andthe. chief sex 
curity.of the ascendancy of the Protestant 
religion. ‘The Marquis of Lansdowne and 
Lord Erskine contended that it was.a 
Measure founded on falsehood and perjury, 
aud continued in the spirit of injustice. - 

— 24, Mr. BROUGHAM, in one of the 
ablest speeches ever delivered, in parlia- 
ment, exposed the increasing and dan- 
gerousinflucnce of the crown, but his mo- 
tion to impugn it was lost by 216 to 101. 

MARRIED. 
The Rev. William W. Pym, to Miss 
Sophia Rose Gambier. 

The Rey. Charles. Cole, of Poplar, to 
Harriet, only daughter. of. W. Rediter, of 
Stamford. 

Jolin Scott, esq, of the Ordnance Office, 
to. Anne, Elizabeth, .daughter of Richard 
Welbank, esq, of the Tower. 

Charles Brownlow, esq. M.P..for Ar- 
magh, to Lady Mary Bligh, eldest daughter 
of, the Earl and.Countess.of Darnley. 


R. Tubbs, esq. of Harlesdon, Middlesex,, 


to Sophia, youngest danghter of the late 
R, Woodmass, esq. 

“Henry Richard Drummond,.. esq. R.N- 
to Jane, Hannah, -daugliter..of Richard 
Ellis, esq..of Sudbrooke “Holme. 

Mr. John Scaife, of New Bond-street, 
to;Sarah Frances, second daughter of the 
late. Mr. Martin Callow. 

fhe: Rev.. W. Williams, B,D. of Has- 
combe, to Miss Sophia Anne Catherine 
Lawford, 

‘The Hon,,.C..Petre, to Eliza, Sitter 
of the late E, Howard, esq. F.R.S- 

A Blakistone, esq. to Miss S. Hum- 
phreys, of Mickicham, Surrey. 

Aiki Hi. West, esq. to Elizabeth Dorothy 
Blyth esdined 

“Lieut. Henry Jellicoe, R.N. of Wands- 
worth, to, Jane, daughter of Sir A. B. 
King, bart..of Dublin. 

Henry. H, Goodall, esq. of the India 
House, to Mary, daughter of H. Smith, 
“He of Peckham. 

V.. Carroll, esq. to Elizabeth, relict of 
George Thackrab, esq. of Twickenham. 

Nathaniel Ellison, of Lincoln’s Inn, esq. 
‘a Frances. Gregg, daughter .of the late. 

n, Wombwell, esq. 
. Scott Preston, esq. to Margaret 
Graci Gordon, youngest daughter of the 
late ‘eter,Laurie, esq..of Blackheath, 

J..Nicholas Fazakerley, esq. to Eleanor, 
sixth daugliter of M. Montagu, esq. 

John, Kirkman, esq. of Alpba-road, to 
Elizabeth eldest daughter. of... Thomas 

the Res 4 esq..of South Audley-street. 

Rey,, James Marshall, minister, of 
the Neuen High, Church.in, the, city, of 
Glasgow, to Mary Catharine, eldest.daugh- 
ter of the Rev, Legh ASAmoRE, rector of 
Turvey. 

Mr. William Proctor, of Newcastle, to 
Miss Deeble, of London, 


Marriages and Deaths:in and near London. 


567 


Mr. Joseph Rawlings, of Nelson-square, 
London, to'Sarali Maria “Ann, eldest 
daughter of Samuel Guppy, esq. of Bristol. 

» Mr. Joseph Yallowley, to Miss Ann 
Burgh. 

Lerd Francis Gower, second son of the 
Marquis and Marchioness of Stafford, to 
Miss -Greville, daughter of Lady CC, 
Greville. 

J. H. Hutchinson, esq. captain in the 
first regiment of Guards, to the Hon. 
Margaret Gardiner, youngest daughter of 
the late Lord Viscount Mountjoy. 

Mr. Thomas Deacon, of Skinner-street, 
to Anne, daughter of the late J. Fuller, esq. 

DIED. 

-In Great George-street, Euston-square, 
Robert Barry, esq. of the Middle Temple, 
barrister-at-law. 

On Putney Heath, Richard Brant, esq. 

At Collier’s Wood, 70, W. Merle, esq. 

At the Bedford Hotel, Covent-Gardeny 
47, the Honourable ‘Samuel Hinley Ougley, 
of Sandy- place, Beds. 

Tn Green-street, Grosvenor-square, John 
Pusey Edwardes, esq. of Pusey-hall, 
Jamaica. 

In Upper Gloucester-street, New Road, 
Eliza, wife of J. E. Bicheno, esq. 

In Russell-square, E: M. daughter of 
T. S. Benson, esq. 

At Maida Vale, 16, Isabella, only daugh- 
ter of the late Mr. Grieve, of Bond-st reet. 

At Camberwell, 63, Mr. W. Barnard: 
Hutton. 

In Upper Grosvenor street, Mrs, Coote 
Manningham, widow of the late Col. M. 

At Brockham-green, near Dorking, 51, 
Mr. Barnard, formerly of Fleet-Market. 

At Pinner Green Lodge, 79, a 
Willshen, esq- 

At North End, Fulham, 43, of a'‘nervous: 
consumption, John M‘Adams, oun mae a 
Gerrard-street, Soho. 

At Camberwell, 72, John Gale, 1e5q0 Taped 

At Ealing Park, Anne Fisher, widow & 
the late Cuthbert Fisher, esq. 

» At Cheshunt, Frederick Baskerville, ins! 
fant son of Thomas Walton, esq. 

In, Wells, Row, ‘Islington; the only som 
of Mr. Hunter, 

At Entield;.65, W. Beckett, esq. 

On Clapham- -common, 95) the eldest som 
of John Shewell, esqs +o ¥ 

An. Russell-square, Eliz, Meux Benson. 

In Baker-street, the infant daughter of 
W, James; esq. M.P, 

At Highgate, 14, Muria, eldest daughter 
of William Domville, esq: © 

In Duke-street, Westininater, 97, Mar- 
garet Bankes, widow of H. Bankes, esq. 
of Singmtonchall, guid; motherof H, Bankes, 
esq. M.P. ; 

At Croydon, 97, John Brickwood, esq. 

In Red, Lion-square, William Duff’, C5 
of Nicholas-lane.)») 

Caroline, Henrietta, youngest daughter 
of Granville Venables Vernon, esq. “ 

t 


568 


. At his house, at Lambeth, after a very 


long and painful iIness, which he bore: 


with patience and resignation, David 
Jones, esq. of New Inn, solicitor, whose 


death has caused the deepest regret to the: 


extensive circle of lis acquaintance. 

In Barton-crescent, much regretted by 
all who..knew-him, 638; Join Barniell 
Murphy, esq. formerly of Gray’> Inn, He 
was a devout Christian, a sincere friend, 
and a truly honest man; 

To Portman-square,- 14, Lady Anna 
Maria Pelham Clinton, eldest daughter of 
the Dnke and Duchess of Neweastle. 

_At Ham,76, Margaret, wife of General 
Gordon Forbes. “ 

. James Brownley, es. 48, whose memory 
will long be dear to an extensive cirele in 


the metropolis. His extensive knowledge, : 


the. liveliness of his fancy, the amenity of 
his manners, and his correct, but easy and 
nnaffected elocution, made his society be 
generally courted before he was -emanci- 
pated into manhood. He entered life 
with the most flattermg prospects, but, 
as they were unfortunately clouded by 
severe and frequent disappointments, he 
sought relief for his wounded spirit in 
convivial society, and he speedily shone as 
a luminary of first-order among the wits 
and orators of the club of ‘ Brilliants,’ in 
Chandos-street. In the year 1799, he be- 
came one of the founders of the club of 
‘Eccentries,’ in May’s-buildings, St. Mar- 
tin’s lane, which he occasionally ‘visited 
until within a few weeks of his decease, 
and of which during the period of twenty- 
three years he continued to be the most 
distinguished ornament. Abont the period 
of the establishment of the-Eecentrics, he 
became acquainted with a gentleman con- 
nected with the press; who, after mach 
persuasion, ‘prevailed upon him to accept 
an engagement as a Parliamentary Re- 
porter, and general contributor_to a daily 
paper. It is almost: superfluous to say 
that, in every department of his new pro- 
fession, he stood pre-eminent. It is only 
to be regretted that he should have passed 
the remainder of his life, ontil advanced 
years and severe corporeal infirmities 
compelled. him to desist from his labours, 
in reporting the speeches of men, who, 
with two or three splendid exceptions, 
were very far his inferiors in intellectnal 
attainments and the~ powers of cloguence. 
With one of those exceptions; (we mean tlie 
Tate Mr. R..B. Sheridan,) accident bronght 
him acquainted about the year 1807, and 
an intimate friendship resulted from their 
easnal interview, which terminated only 
with the existence of Mr. Sheridan, They 
frequently spent several days together in 
rural excursions, and Mr. Sheridan was 
often heard to declare that they were the 
happiest days of his life. Mr. Brownley 
was in politics a Whig; and, in religion, a 
Presbyterian of the church of Scotland. 


Deaths in and near London. 


[July 1, 

At his house in Bolton-Row, Edward 
Jerningham, esq. He was the youngest 
son of the late Sir Wittiam Jerningham, 
bart; heir and claimant of the ancient 
barony of Stafford, by Frances, danghter 
of Henry, the twelfth Viscount Dillon of 
Treland: he «married in) 11804 /Emily, 
daughter of the late Nathaniel Middleton, 
esq. by whom he has left four children, 
He was originally educated for, ard called 
to the bar; but, with a disinterestedness 
which characterized him’ through life, 
having aecepted the office of secretary to 
the Board of Byitish Catholics: he de- 
voted himself to his honorary duties so as 
altogether to sacrifice his profession. The 
task which he thus undertook. was oue of 
peculiar delicacy and importance, not 
only as it related to the Catholics, but to 
the whole body of the public. The thanks 
of that body lie repeatedly received ; every 
other mark of their approbation, or tes- 
timony ‘of the grateful sense they enter- 
tainedof his services, he declined aceept- 
ing. In private life: he practised the 
greatest of all virtues, trne, genuine, and 
universal benevolence, from an impulse of 
nature, as wellas from a sense of duty: 
lre entered with generous concern into 
whatever affected the interests of a fellow- 
creature, and never appeared so happy as 
in the performance of some good. Iirhis 
manners he was affable, in his temper 
cheerful, in his affections warm, in bis at- 
tachments ardent and sincere. He is said 
to have néver made an enemy ; and seldom 
made an acquaintance withont gaming a 
friend. To the Catholic body his loss is 
great; to his friends most bitter; to his 
disconsolate’ family irreparable : yet must 
they dwell npon his memory’ with plea- 
sure, and in time feel soothed by the re- 
collections of his worth. 

At Hammersmith, Mrs Earle Drax 
Grosvenor ; she was riding in her carriage 
through Hammersmith, when her groom 
and coachmatt were grossly assaulted by a 
fellow who attempted to get up behind 
the carriage. After a desperate resistance 
he was secured, and conveyed before a 
magistrate, when’ Mrs. Drax Grosvenor 
attended. ‘On'bsing committed for trial, 
he making an affectiig appeal'to her not 
to prosecute him for the offence, on the 
score of humanity to his wife and chil- 
dren; she wished to extend inercy to the 
prisoner, brt the magistrate conld not 
suffer it. ‘The lady was so greatly af- 
fected at the appeal of the prisoner for 
fiercy, that she fell into the arms of one 
of her servants ina fit: she soon became 
cdnvulsed, and by the time that ‘médical 
aid could be obtained, she was a Corpse, 
owing to an ossification of the heart. 

In’ Cavendish square, the Right Hon. 
Horatio WValpole, earl of Orford: (of whom 
biographicalparticalars will be given in our 


next.) y 
PROVINCIAL 


P569°] 


PROVINCIAL OCCURRENCES, 
With all the Marriages and Deaths. 


NORTHUMBERLAND AND DURHAM. 
{Pee northern counties were, on the 
4th ult. visited by violent storms of 
thunder, lightning, and rain; considera- 
ble injury was done to vegetation, and 
in several of the large towns business was 
entirely iiterrupted. 

A great improvement is now making on 
the London road, over Gateshead-Fell: 
aneven line-has been made of three miles 
from that place. 

Married.} My. J. Burnett, of Lisle- 

street, to Miss A, Harrison, of the Butcher- 
bank; Mr. H. Winship, to Miss J. 
Gilchrist; Mr..R. Wilson, of Dean-street, 
to Mrs. Scott, of the Forth-lane: all of 
Newcastle.—Mr, T. Bulmer, to Miss J. 
Hopper; Mr..W. Brown, ‘to Miss M, 
Best; Mr. T, Hopper, to Miss J. Jackson : 
all of Durham.— Mr. R. Reavely, to Miss 
J.Longeake, both of North Shields.—Mr. 
E. Dixon, of North Shields, to Miss J. 
Reed, of the Low Lights.—Mr. T. Glover, 
to Miss A. Reavely, both of South Shields. 
7-Mr. W. Kirk, to Miss.Arthur, both of 
Sunderland.—Mr, T. Sowden, to Mrs. E, 
-Lumley,..both of Darlington.—Mr. J. 
Brown, to Miss Jenks, both of Alnwick. 
Mr. Joseph Johnson, of Westwood, to 
)Miss. A, Wilkinson, of the Windy Walls, 
Neweastle.— The Rev. J. Blackburn, 
vicar of Gainford, to Mrs. Jane Dumn, of 
_Dutham.—Mr. R. Dodds, of Ilderton, to 
Miss M. Brown, of Wooler Bridge End. 
—Mr. W. Rutherford, to Miss E. Davison, 
both of Woodburn. 

Died.] At Newcastle, in Forth-street, 
Mr. F. Foreman.—Mr. J. Wardle.—In 
Strawberry-place, Mr. J. Harvey, greatly 
regretted.—In Mosley-street, 64, Mr. 
Miller, justly respected. —76, Mrs. J. 
Bolam.—At Gateshead, at an advanced 
age, Mrs. Spencer,—At Sunderland, Mrs, 
A. Errington, of Newcastle.—56, Mr. W. 
Dodds, suddenly.—50, Mr. Hunt, sud- 
denly,—79, Mrs. J. Baxter. 

At NorthShields, 64, Mrs. J. Jackson,— 
At the Windmill-hills, Mr..D. Darling, of 
Newcastle, much respected.—92, Mr. J. 
Cogdon, deservedly regretted. 

At Bishopwearmouth, 21, Mr. S.. El- 
lerby.—85, Mr, J. Vipond, sen.—s0, Mr, 
J. Aughton.—66, Mrs. H. Wetherburn. 

AtTynemouth, Mrs, Koxby.—At Hex- 
ham, 42, Mrs. Wheatley.—61, Mr, J. Sto- 
bart.—84, Mr. A, Smith.—At Rothbury, 
83, Mrs. B, Bolam.—At Earsdon, 37, Miss 
M, Bell.—At Cramlington, 70, Mr. S. 
Dinnen.—At West Burton, Wensleydale, 
63, the Rev. Jeff. Wood, aum,—At Tenter- 
hill-honse, Wooler, 74, Miss Elizabeth 
Davison.—At Ox-hill, 76, Mr. T, Brown. 

At the Grove, near Durham, 63, 
Monruiy MAG. No. 569, 


—=a 


Stephen George Kemble, esq. formerly 
manager of the Theatres Newcastle-upon- 
Tyne, Glasgow, Edinburgh, and Drury- 
lane. In private life ha was a social, 
lively companion; on the stage he was 
chiefly remarkable for playing “ Sir John 
Falstaff,” it is said, without stuffing. [Fur- 
ther particulars of this gentlemun will be 
given in our next.) 


CUMBERLAND AND WESTMORELAND, 
Married.}] Mr. J. Hewett, to -Miss 
Hewson; Mr. J. Reed, to Miss J. 
Hetherington ; Mr. C. Minshaw, to Miss 
M. Batty.—Mr. W. Sowerby, to Miss B. 
Millican; Mr. J. Owen, to Miss M. 
Wallace; Mr. R. Hagwood, to Miss M. 
Davison: all of Carlisle—Mr. J. F. H. 
Smyth, of Fisher-street, Carlisle, to Miss 
S. Ramshay, of Brompton.— Mr. J. 
Westray, of Whiteliaven, to Miss C, Relph, 
of Wigton.—Mr. R. Brown, of Working- 
ton, to Miss A. Sanderson, of Maryport. 
—Mr. J. Graham, to Miss S. Shields; 
Mr. J. Peet, to Miss E. Thompson; all of 
Workington.—Mr. E. Dobson, to Miss 
M, Pelter, both of Penrith—Mr. A. 
Hurst, to Miss E. Docker ; Mr. T. Wilson, 
to Mrs, M. Crosby; Mr. T. Murgatroyd, 
to Miss J. Pickthall: all of Kendalt—Mr. 
A. Hindmarch, of Little Harle, to Miss 
E. Henderson, of Kidlaw.—C. 8. Sutton, 
of Honghton, to M. Sturdy, of Great 
Orton, both of the Society of Friends.— 
Mr. T. Forster, of Longrigg-Thorn,. to 
Miss M. Blenkensop, of White-Flatt. 
Died.] At Carlisle, in Englishgate, 38, Mr. 
J. Gate.—In Spring-garden-lane, 59, Mrs. 
M. Wilson.— 67, Mrs. R. Studholme. 
—In Scotch-street, 55, Mr. P, Lennon. 
—26, Mr. B. Donaldson.—In Botcher- 
gate, 58, Mrs, E. Maxwell.—At Working- 
ton, 85, Mr. Joseph Grayson. — Mrs. 
Russell. : 4 
At Whitehaven, 74, Mr. A. Nicholson.— 
73, Mrs. C. Richardson.—26, Miss F.Scott. 
At Penrith, 26, Miss M. A. Garnett. 
—835, Mrs. E. Tweddle.—22, Mrs. A. 
M‘Clennan. 
At'Cockermouth, 88, Mrs. M.Armstrong, 
one of the Society of Friends. 
At Brampton, 77, Mr. C. Hodgson, —. 
At Kelso, Mr. G. Elliott, of Newcastle, 
At Turnshaw, 47, Mrs. M. Story, much 
respected. — At Stainton, 68, Mr. W. 
Staig.—At Bowness, 66, Mr. J. Topping, 
much respected.—At Morsdale, 58, Mr. 
R. Barrow.—At Alston, 20, Miss Wilson, 


YORKSHIRE, 

An institution for the encouragement of 
the fine arts in the northern district has 
been established at Leeds, and the first 
exhibition contains many efforts of the 

3C pencil 


570 
pencil which do honour to the English 
school. + ee 

A number of gentlemen of Huddersfield 
and the neighbourhood are about to 
establish a society for disseminating prin- 
ciples for the promotion of permanent 
and universal peace. 

Married.] Lieutenant Atkinson, late of 
the Marines, to Miss Cundall, both of 
York.—Mr. G. L. Shackles, to Miss M. F. 
Slater; Mr. T. Cruddis, to Miss FE. 
Keddey: all of Hull.—Mr. James Haigh, 
to Mrs. Dearman.—Mr. J. Reynard, to 
Miss Smith; Mr. Robert Middleham, to 
Miss F. Hardwick; Mr. W. May, to Miss 
Kay: all of Leeds.—Mr. J. Barnes, of 
Leeds, to Miss M. Murgatroyd, of Head- 
ingley.—Mr. J. Glover, to Miss Scholes ; 
Mr. I. Blenkhorn, to Miss: North: all of 
Huddersfield: —Mr. T. Milthorp, of Brad- 
ford, to Miss M. Weir, of Otley.—Joln 
Blayds, jun. esq. of Oulton, to Miss Ellen 
Molyneux, of Newsham-house.—Mr. J. 
Charlesworth, of Holmfirth, to Miss M. A. 
Gartside, of Holm. Banks. — Mr. T. 
Hutebinson, of Gnrisbrongh, to Miss 
Stephenson, of Brotton.—Mr. B. Fearnley, 
to Miss E. Horsfall, both of Gomersall. 


Diced.] At York, 68, Mrs. M. Jackson,. 


much respected.—Lady Burden, wife of 
Sir. Thomas B. bart.—69, Mr. Wilfrid 
Pyemont,.a common councilman for 
Walmgate Ward, deservedly respected 
for -his liberal political principles, and 
many private virtues. 

At Leeds, in Park-square, Mrs. Cockell. 
—Mrys. Rawson.—In Mabgate, 62, Mrs. 
R. White.—33, Mr.W. Headley, lamented. 

At Huddersfield, Mr. J. Booth—At 
Bradford, Mrs, Crossley, 62.—Mr. N. 
Murgatroyd, 

At Beverley, 60, Robert Ramsey, esq. 
of Thearne Cottage. 

At Boronghbridge, 64, Capt. Charles 
‘Gitling, of the Yorkshire. Hussars.—At 
Stillingfleet, Miss Ann Eglin.—At Ever- 
ingham, 77, Mrs, Howe,. of ‘Thorpe.—At 
Moor Town, 32, Mrs. C. Brook.—At 
Greenrcyd-tionse, Miss Elizabeth Smith, 
of Newland-park.—At Holmfirth, at an 
advanced ‘age, Mrs. Steplenson.—At 
Bromley, Miss M. Lister. 

LANCASHIRE, 

A> society has lately been formed at 
Lancaster for ameliorating the condition 
and employment of the poor. 

A public meeting has lately been held 
at Manchester, the Boronghreeve in the 
chair, when resolutions were entered into, 
and ‘a petition to the House of Commons 
agreed to against insidious alterations of 
the stamp duties. 

Married.] Mr. James Crnickshanks, to 
Miss Z. Coates; Mr. S. Pavgett, to Miss E, 
Dawson; Mr. W. Read, to Miss Kay: all 
of Manchester—Mr. G. Kinaster, of 
Manchester, to’ Miss A. Ridgway, of 
Chester.=-Mr. W. Roberts, of Manchester, 


Lancashire— Cheshire. 


[July f; 
to Miss F..-Frodsham, of Thelwall.—Mr- 
R. Bury, of Bahia, to Miss J. Sunmer, of 
Warrington.—Myr. J. Bromley, to Miss 
M. Findley; Mr. E. Matthews, jun. to 
Miss E. Branwood ; Mr. D, Kennedy, to 
Miss Lawton; Mr.’ Joseph ‘Codper, to 
Miss A, Robison.-—Mr. W. Nevett;‘o 
Rodney-street, to Miss E. Stringer, 
Blair-street : all of Liverpoo}.—Mr.° 
T. Thompson, of Liverpool, to’ Miss M. 
Bethune, of Queenslie, Glasgow.—Mr. 
W. Critchley, of Liverpool, to° Miss C, 
Gilliard, of Chester.—Mr, P. Leicester, 
of Rancorn, to Miss A, Chanmey, of Li- 
verpool.—D. Dakcyne, esq. of Gradbuek, 
to Miss C. Medowcroft, of “Fottington. 
—wW. A.A, West, esq. of Cropper’s Hill, 
Eccleston, to Miss A. Bootliman} of Higher 
Ardwick.—My. J. Bentley, Saddleworth, 
to Miss E. Hargreaves, of Edgehill, 
Liverpool. inert ae tee 
’ Died.] At Manchester, 26, Mr. W, 
Fisher.—65, Mr. S. Gibbous, mucli re- 
spected.—57, Mrs. A. Gibbons, justly ané 
equally respected and regretted.—Miss 
E. Howarth, highly esteemed.—33, Mr. 
H. Bould, much and justly lamented.— 
Mrs. Gongh. ‘ao 

At Liverpool, in Barten-lane, 52, Mr. 
C. Gronow.—79, Mr. J. Harrison.—tn 
Crosshall-street, 38, Mr. W. Tudor-— 
Mr. J. L. Morecroft.—In Edmund-street, 
70, Mr, T. Barnctt.—On Brownlow-hill, 
Mr. R. Litherland.—Mrs. A. Grapel:— 
In Great Crosshall-street, Mr. J. Mears. 
—50, Mr. T. Aldersey. ~ 

At Prescot, 34, Mrs. Ducker.—At 
Hulme, Mr. James Blakeley.—At Waver- 
tree, Mrs. Dale.—At Everton, 25, Miss-F. 
Gordon.—At Gildow-house, Wigan, 39, 
Mrs. Ashton.—At Andenshaw, 83, Jolin 
Grimshaw, esq. deservedly lamented:—At 
Everingham, 77, Mrs. Howe, late of 
Thorpe. ‘ 

CHESHIRE, 

Dr. Huily, of Kordsham, has now cu- 
cumbers growing, which had heen forced 
by means of steam conveyed under the 
bed, instead of the fermentation of ma- 
nure—atonic being the tabulum in both 
CASERete Ss Uo ab. 

Married.| Mr. W. Johnson, to Miss 
Brown; Mr. G. Hughes, to Mrs. Ramsey, 
of Monnt Pleasant: all of Chester—The 
Rev. Josephi Hodgkinson, A.M. to Miss EF. 
Simmonds, of Manchester. — Edmund 
Henty Pemy, esq. to Miss M.S. Wilson, 
of’ Neston.—Robert Wade, esq. of 
Knight’s Grange, near Over, to Miss 
Jampson, of Uikinton hall. 

Died.] At Chester, in Abbey-square, 
84, Thomas’ Townshend, esq —At’ the 
Cross, 48, Mr. Ellis —At an advanced age, 
Mr. Baptist. : 

At Nantwich, Mr. Charles Willtams. 
—Mrs, Williams.—Mrs. A. M. Harwood. 
—At Congleton, Mr. Charles Johnson. ~ 

At Great Boughtun, Mis. Ta 

t 


1822.4 

—At Wharton Lodge, Winsford, 77, Mrs. 

Shallcross. ; 
: DERBYSHIRE. capil 

Married.] Mr. J. Morrison, to Miss E, 
Band, beth: of Derby.—Mr,._W. Polter, 
of Derby, to Miss Sharp, of Coleorton.— 
Mr..G. Meitam, of Chesterfield, to Miss 
M. Allen, of Yew-Tree Farm, Ashover. 

Died.] At Derby, 67, Mr. T. Gillam. 
—37, Mr. J. Brookhouse. 

At Shipley Lodge, 29, Mr. P. Brentnall, 
—At, Stanton in the Peak, 46, Mr. J. 
Gilbert, deservedly esteemed. and_la- 
mented.—At Winster, 81, Mrs. Norman, 
widow of James.N. esq, 

5 NOTTINGHAMSHIRE. 

The inhabitants of Nottingham lately 
agreed to petition the Honse of Commons 
for a revision of the criminal laws. 

Hairird.| Mr. W.. Barnsdall, to Miss 
M. A. Wilkiuson; Mr. T. Barratt, of Red 
Lion-street, to Miss. A, Handley, of 
Long Stairs; Mr. C. Grecock, to Miss 
A. Jackson: all of Nottingham. — Mr. 
Hasrison, of Bridlesmith-gate, Notting- 
ham, to Miss M. Cooper, of Great Glenn. 
—Mr. J..Boler, to Miss 8S. Lacey; Mr. C. 
Whittington, to Mrs. Barnsdall; all of 
Newark. 

Died.) At Nottingham, 28, Miss Walker. 
—In East-street, 53, Mr. T. Conduit.—In 
Red. Lion-street, 35, Mrs. S. Mowbray. 

At Mansfield, 22, Miss M. A. Bingham. 
—45, Mrs. M. Brown, regretted.—Miss 
M. Randall. 

At Suenton, Mr. Iliffex—On Sion-hill, 
New Radford, 21, Miss A. Beardmore, 

a LINCOLNSHIRE, 

‘Yhe farmers, and land-owners in the 
neighbourheod of Spilshy lately agreed to 
petition Parliament for relief. It canot 
too often be repeated that these effects 
arise from the locai currency being di. 
minished by the drain of taxes, to pay a 
distant and non-resident fundholders., 

Married.} Mr. Rainey, of Wainfleet All 
Saints, to Miss L. Bogson, of Thorpe.— 
Mr. B. Snow, of Sleaford, to Miss M. A. 
Robinson, of Wakefield.—The Rev. H, 
Clark, of Navenby, to Miss M. Blackwall, 
of Wirksworth.—The Rev. C. Cole, of 
Poplar, to Miss H. Rediter, of Stanford. 

Died.) At, Barton-upon-Humber, 77, 
Mr, J. Foster. 

At Tupholme, 41, Mrs. Willis, widow of 
the Rev. P. Willis.—At Buckminster, 73, 
the Rev. William Hervey, nephew of 
the Rev. W. Hervey, author of The 
Meditations, &c.” 

LEICESTER AND RUTLAND, 

The first stone of the new, bridge at 
Melton Mowbray was lately laid by 
Richard Norman, esq. This bridge will 
contribute greatly to the security of the 
approach to Melton, and to the conye- 
nience of the public, 

Married.) Mr. J, Hodson, to.Miss M. 
Cort, both of Leicester.—Mr, Thornton, 


Derbyshire —Nettinghamshire—Lincolnshire, §c. 


37.4 
of Leicester, to Miss J, Thornton, of 


‘Blaby.—Mr. J. Aaron, of Leicester, to 


Miss A. Leader, of Enderby.—The Rev. 
1). Clemetson, M.A. of Loughborough, to 
Miss E. Davis, of Winterbourne. 

Died.] At Leicester, in the Swine- 
market, Mr. J. Nutt.—In the High-street, 
Mr. Newill,—Mrs, Fossett.—In the Ab- 
bey-gate, Mrs, Payne. 

At Melton Mowbray, Mr. E. Harrison. 

At Beaumanor-park,59, MissAspenshaw, 
suddenly.—At Bagworth, Mr, Kirkman, 
much respected.—At Newton Harcourt, 
Mr. J, Hickinbotham. 


: STAFFORDSHIRE. 

Murried.| Mr. J. Gibbs, of Chippenhall, 
to. Mrs. Deaken, of Stafford.—Mr. J. 
Stockton, of Albrighton, to Miss’ A. Webb, 
of Wolverhampton. 

Died.] At Newcastle, 74, Mr. G. Berks, 
greatly and deservedly lamented. 


WARWICKSHIRE. 

Married.}] Mr. J. Partridge, to Miss S. 
Child, both of Birmingham.—Mr. J. Bland, 
of Piccadilly, to Miss M. Phillips, of 
Smethwick.-—At Aston, Mr. S. Power, to 
Miss §. Sibley, of Duke-street, Bir- 
mingham. 

Died.| At Birmingham, m Great Brooke- 
street, 60, Mr. E. Millwood.—In Bristol- 
street, Mrs. S. Gibbs.—In Jamaica-row, 
Miss E. Docker.—Im Islington-road, 35, 
Mrs, A. Hooper.—In Wharf-street, 66, 
Mrs. Elwall. 

At Henley, in Arden, 83, Thomas Bur- 
man, esq. 

At Austin’s, Mrs. Whateby, widow of 
John W. esq.—At Edgbaston, 62, Mr. C. 
Motteram, deservedly regretted. — At 
Saltley, 62, Mr. D. Hands. 


SHROPSHIRE. 

Married.] Mr. J. Harvey, of She riff- 
hales, to Miss A. Bradburn, of Shrewsbury.— 
Mr. Stanton, of Ellesmere, to Sirs. Frances 
Jones, of Andover.—Henry Vickers, esq. 
of Bridgnorth, to. Miss P. Cotton, of _ 
London,—Mr. T. Meredith, of Newport, 
to Miss E. Crisp, of Ruyton of the Eleven 
Towns. i 

Died,] At Shrewsbury, 68, Mr. T, Jehu, 
sen.—On the Wyle Cop, 55,.Mr, J. 
Farmer, sen.—71, Mrs, R. Leake, re- 
gretted.—Mrs. Woodhall... 

At Bridgnorth, 86, Mrs. Baker,—64, 
Mrs. Lloyd. ' 

At Oswestry, 68, Mr. J,, Oliver.—Mr. 
D. Lloyd.—Mr. E, Jones. 

At keckbury, the Rey, J. Dehane, a.m. 
justly lamented.—-At All Stretton, Mr, R. 
Jones, regretted.—At Betton-hali, 77, 
William Church Norcopp, esq... ~ 

WORCESTERSHIRE. 

Died.) At Worcester; 73,. Mr. George 
Boulton, late of Kempsey.—67, Mr. J. 
Allcroft, deservedly respected. 

At Kidderminster, Mr. Ward, 

At Stourbridge, 59, Mrs. Compsoa, 


At 


572 

At Elmley Lodge, Mr, W, Winnall, 
deservedly lamented, sila 

_ HEREFORDSHIRE. 

A meeting of the inhabitants of Here- 
ford. was lately held to, take into con- 
sideration the propriety, of , erecting a 
bridge over the Severn, to shorten the 
distance between, Hereford and Chiel- 
tenham, and facilitate the communication 
with London, - E, B. Clive, esq. in stating 
the advantages of the measure, said that 
nearly seven miles would be saved between 
that city and Cheltenham. The resolutions 
of the meeting were unanimously agreed to, 

Married.) Mr. C. Wayland, of London, 
to Miss L, Matthews, of Hereford.—At 
Tenbury, Mr. R. T.. Page, to Miss S. 
Smith, of the Westmoore, 

Died.] At Hereford, 92, Mrs. Winifred 
Lucas.—Mary, widow of Myles Coyle, esq. 

At Ross, §3, Mr. S. Barnard, deservedly 
respected, . 

At Burton Court, 61, William Evans, 
esq.—At the Church House, Tenbury, at 
an\advaneed age, Alexander Johnson, esq. 
—At Hampton Lodge, 70, J. Ireland, esq. 

GLOUCESTER AND MONMOUTH. 

The inhabitants of Bristol lately agreed 
to, petition the House of Commons for a 
total repeal.of the Salt-tax. Another peti- 
tion was.also agreed to for a revision of 
the Criminal Code. 

The old: bridge across. the Avon at 
Tewkesbury. Quay has recently been 
pulled down, and an elegant new one is 
about to, be erected. The foundation- 
stone was laid amidst the acclamations of 
the evreaurse of spectators assembled on 
the-oecasion.. A temporary wooden bridge 
has been erected a little lower on the 
river. 

Married.) My. J. E. Lea, of Gloucester, 
to Miss A, Petley, of ondon.—Mr. Abell, 
of ‘Mitchelldean, to Miss M. W. Rea, of 
Gloncester-—Mr, James Lewis, to Miss 
E. ‘Hooper.—Mr. W. Godwin, to Miss A. 
Davies; all of Bristol.—Mr, Packwood, 
to Miss Smith, both of Cheltenham.—Mr. 
H.. Penton, ‘of -High-street, Bristol, to 
Miss Miles, of Clifton.—Mr. J. Lewis, of 
‘Tewkesbury, to Miss J.. Weedon, of New- 
bury.—At Usk, Mr. J. Williams, to Miss 
S. Parker, of Caerleon. 

Died.) At Gloucester, in, .Westgate- 

» street, 58, Mr. J. Estcourt.—In. Bolt-lane, 
79, Mr, J. Pytt.—90, Mrs, Capes, of 
Shrobb-Lodge. 

At Bristol; in Lower College-street, 34, 
Mrs. M. Carpenter.—In St, Philip’s,.Mrs, 
S. Hall, regretted.—62, Mr. J. Thomas. 

At Cheltenham, Mr,,F. Major, 

AtStonehouse, 90, Mrs, Dimock, widow 
of John. D. esq.—At, Campden, 5v,.Mr, 
Carter.—At Bretforton, 34, Mrs, A, Hall. 

OXFORDSHIRE. ; 

The prizes for tie present year, were 
adjudged to the following gentlemen :— 

The Chancellor's Prizes,—‘* Alpes ab An- 


Herefordshire—Gloucester and Monmouth, &c. 


[July 1, 


nibale Superate”—Latin Verse, to Mr. J. 
Curzon, Brazennose Colleze.—“ On Moral 
Evidence”’—an English Essay, to Mr. 
W.A, Shirley, New College.—“ An revera 
prezvaluerit apud Ernditiores Antiquorum 
Polytheismus”’—a Latin Essay, to: Mr. J. 
B, Ottley, Oriel College. | SNE 
Sir Roger Newdigate’s  Prize.—*'Pal- 
myra’—English Verse, to Mr. A. Barber, 
Wadham College. ae An baswiwlt 
__ Married} Mr. 'T. Hedges, to’ Miss“M. 
Hatton, both of St. Clement's.—Mr.i J. 
Saunders, to Miss M. Fuller, both’ of St. 
Ebbe’s: allof Oxford.—Mr. W. Cherry, of 
Oxford, to Miss E, Smith, of Blockléy.— 
Mr.,J. T. Hinton, of Oxford, to’ Miss S. 
Mursell, of Lymington,—Mr. W. Dorset, 
jun. to Mrs, Brown, both of Banbury.—At 
Stanton St, John, Edward Taylor Bradby, 
esq. to Miss Mary Hamley. — 3g 
Died.} At Oxford, 23, Mr. W. Reed, 
greatly esteemed.—In Broad-street, Mrs. 
Butler, of Wellingford.—In St: Aldate’s, 
26, Mr. J. Jones, lamented. : 
At Henley-on Thames, 68, Mrs. 'S, 
Spennan, : 
At Witney, 79, Mrs. A. Conibeere, de- 
servedly regretted. 1303 
At Bicester, 65, Mr. W. Potter, much 
respected.—At Middleton Stoney, Mrs.'A. 
Tanner, much respected.—At Godston, 
38, Mz. J. Bishop. a figenid on 


BUCKINGHAMSHIRE AND BERKSHIRE. 
Married.] Mr. Harris, to Mrs, ‘Paylor, 
both of Reading.—The Rey. W..D, Carter, 
of Abingdon, to Miss E. K. Gaunlette, of 
Winchester.—Mr. R. Bradley, of, Farring- 
don, to Miss Massie, of London,—Mr. 
Muddiman, to. Miss: E. Hoare.—Mr. J. 
Thorp, to Miss A. Gibbs; all of Aylesbury. 
—Mr. Thompson, of Aylesbury, to. Miss 
Woodman, of Great Berkhamstead, 
Died.| At Newbury, R. Wells, esq. 
At Abingdon, 55, Mrs. M, King. : 
At Aylesbury, Miss. .£.Churchill.—72, 
Mr. J. Foster. 
At Great Brickhill, 69, the Rev, A. 
Davies, late lecturer,,of Linsdale.—At 
Rabenstone-mill, Mrs. Atkins. 


HERTFORDSHIRE AND BEDFORDSHIRE. 
Married.] The Rev. W. Wollaston Pym, 
son. of Mr. Pym, member for the county of 
Bedford, to Sophia Rose, daughter of the 
late Samuel’ Gambier, esq.—The Rev. 
Edward. ©. ‘Smith, recto of Halcut-and 
‘Salford, to Julia, sister of John Bleming, 
esq. MiP. for Hampshire. 2 
Died.}° At Hitchin, 99," Charles Bare 
‘Ton, esq. 4 ) 
The Rev. G. Cox, 54; rector of Hinx- 
worth.—At Chertsey, Williany Bailey; ésq. 
At Tring, 45, Mr.’W. Foster. 
NORTHAMPTONSHIRE, 
Married.] T. A. Cooke, esq. of Peter- 
borough, to Mrs. Buggis, of Tinwell._—W. 
Lawrence, esq. of Peterborough, to Miss 
H. Bringhurst, of Woodstone.—C, Wake, 


esq, 


1822.}. 


esq.-of Courteen-hall,.to. Miss Chelette 

Tate, of Harviestown, 'N.B. 
Died,| At Tarthingo, Mrs, E. Ore. 

CAMBRIDGE AND; HUNTINGDONSHIRE. 

The. Chancellor's. gold medal for “the 
best English poem by a resident undergra- 
duate, was lately adjudged to. Mr. John 
Henry Bright, of St. John’s College:  sub- 
jeet--“/Palmyra.” 

Married.] Mr. T. Shallow, to Miss 
Legge, both of Cambridge. — Mr. P. 
Spenceley, to Miss R. Kempton, both of 
Ely.—Mr,, D. Day, of Linton, to Miss M. 
Phillips, of Hadstock.—Mr. E. A. Friend, 
of Marston, to Miss D. Climenson, of 
Walsoken. 

Died.) At Cambridge, 49, Mr. W. Witt. 
—Mr..R. Ind, deservedly regretted. 

_ At Quy-hall, 18, Mrs. A Payne.—At 
Rampton, Mrs. Watson.—At Weston Col- 
ville; Mr: W. Cowl. 

NORFOLK, 

The farmers; of North Greenhoe lately 
agreed to petition the House of Commons 
for relief from their distress. ‘Their peti- 
tion stated that they could expect no re- 
lief while the House of Commons was 
constituted as it now was,—the majority 
of which, consisting of. boroughmongers, 
placemen, and_ pensionets, could at all 
times be procured to support, in the most 
mnblushing manner, whatever taxes minis- 
ters thonght fit to impose; which were 
afterwards ‘expended ‘on placemen and 
“peusioners, in supporting an undue influ- 
“ence of the crown, in obtaining majorities 
in that’ House, and keeping up standing 
‘atmies to suppress the constitutional spirit 
of the people. 

This county, also, lately petitioned 
the House of ‘Commons a second time 
for relief of agricultural distress. Their 
petition contained the following energetic 
passage :—“ Any minister who is base 
enough to assist in carrying on such a 
‘system of government deserves the execra- 
‘tion of every honest man, as a traitor to 
his sovereign, and an enemy to his country ; 
the safety and the glory of the crown of 
England resting not apon a rottensystem 
of corraption, but upon the uninfluenced 
support of a fiee, enlightened, and loyal 
penele.’ 

Married.) G. Seppings, esq. to Miss S. 
Booth; of Kodney-street, both of Norwich. 
—P. N: Scott, esq. of Norwich, to Miss 
‘E, Browne; of € ‘ringleford.--Mr, Dunean, 
to Miss Fabbe; Mr...S. Jaggs, to. Miss 
D. Andrews: all ‘of Lynn,—Geo. Bunyon, 
esq. of the E. I. Co.’s service, to Miss H. 
Bignold;,of Cromer,—Mr, R. Ward, of 
Acie, to Miss Burton, of Sprowston., 

Died.j At Norwich, in Common-pump 
street, 58, Mrs. Andrews,—In St. Bene- 
dict’, 73, Mrs, M. Bradford. 

At Yarmouth, 45, Mrs. §. Alexander.— 
#4, Mrs, M. Bracey.—69, Mra. Roberts. 


Norfolk —Suffolk— Essexr— Kent. 


573 


At Lynn, 74, Mrs. S. Danderson.—In 


High-street, Mrs. Peck.—107, Mrs. Miller. 


At Fakenham, 52, Mr. R. Catton:.—At 
Cromer, 70, ‘Mis. ‘P. ‘Alsop:—At Hack- 
ford, 70, Mi. S> Ha'l.—At etiogs, 94, 
Mrs, E. Gaze.—At Aylsham, 79, Mr. J. 
Overton.—At Limpenhoe, 59, Mr. B. 
Maddison.” 

SUFFOLK. 

This county has been within the month 
busily employed in preparing petitions from 
every individual parish, to the House of 
Lords, against the Corn Bill. 

The Society of Arts lately presented a 
large silver medal to Mr. Arthur Biddell, 
of Playford, near Ipswich, for his inven- 
tion of an implement called the hay- borer, 
hy which an aperture may be made 
through a large stack in ten or fifteen mi- 
nutes, in case of over-heating. 

Married.| Mr. G. Moss, “of Bury, to 
Miss F. Nuna, of Hargrave.—Mr R. Ash- 
ford, of Witnesham-hall, to Miss B. Bristo, 
of Ipswich. —Mr. J. Clover, of Creeting 
St. Mary, to Miss E. Woodward, of Need- 
ham-market. — Mr. Robinson, ‘of Albo- 
rongh, to Miss Catt, of Woodbridge. —The 
Rev. B. Philpot, of Walpole, to “Miss E. 
Vachell, of Littleport. 

Died.] At Bury, at an advanced. age, 
Mr. J. Harvey, of Market Deeping. 

At Ipswich, 26, Mr. J. Hewitt.—20, 
Miss M. Ray.—70, Mrs. Elliston, late of 
Billingdon.—40, Mr. E. Sherman. 

At Woodbridue, Mrs- Gosling.—At an 
advanced age, Mr. J. Godbold. 

At Layham-hall, Assington, '86, Mrs. 
Tiffin.—At Woolinuton, 82, Mrs. Macro. 
—At Ufford, 29, Mrs. M.oEdwards.—At 
Melford, 66, Mrs. Fitch.—At Elmswell, 
60, Mr. W. Turner.—At Needham, 52, 
Mrs. M. Johnson. 

ESSEX: 

Married | S. Waterhouse, esq. of Col- 
chester, to Miss E. Wright, of Aldbury- 
hall.— Mr. J. Head, of Banbury, ‘to. Miss 


E. Cross, of Colchester, ‘both of the Society 


of Friends.—Mr.'S. Sherman) jun. ‘to Miss 
Hood, both of Harwich At Dover-court, 
Mr: Billingsley, to Miss M..M. cere of 
Harwich. 

Died.] AtChelmsford, 79, Mrs. Brown, 
—Mr. J. Whitaker, late of Colchester, 

At Harwich, Mrs. W. Parsons, sen, 

At Manningtree, Mr. W. Worts: 

At Southend; Eliza, wife of the Rey, 
W.S. Gilly, rector of North Fambridge. 

At Blake hall, Wanstead,’ 65, G. Dett- 
mann, esq.— At "Shelley, 72) wW. ‘Bullock, 
esq: clerk of the peace forithis county. 

“KENT. 

A meeting of this cotinty was lately held 
at Maidstone, to consider’ of a petition to 
Parliament ‘on the’ distressed state of ‘the 
country, and the’ defective representation 
of the people.’ 

Married.| My, R. Marsh, to Miss M, 

3 Wellard ; 


574 
Wellard; Mr. W.. Elliott,,.to Miss. 8. 
Cooper; Mr. J. Webb, to, Miss. S. Cham- 
berlain : all of Canterbury..—-Mr. 'P. Beck, 
jun. of Dover, to Miss:S, ,Rickman, .of 
Lewes.— Mr. 3. Jackson, to Miss J. Hob- 
day, both, of Ramsgate,—Mr.. J. Smith, 
to Miss $, Duncan;,Mr. G. Felgate,,to 
Miss M. Martin; all of Gravesend. F 

Died.] At Canterbury, in Dover-lane, 
84, Mrs. S. Burgess.—In Northgate-street, 
30, Mr. J, Chapman;—In Westgate, Mr. 
Tilbee. 

At Chatham, 38, Mr. J. Jex.—38, Mr, 
J. Wallace.—&3, Mrs. E. Flack, 4 

- At Margate, 75, Mrs, Robinson. 

At Smarden, 92, Mrs, Judge —At Wye, 
75, Mrs. Ferry —At Great Chart, 88, Mr. 
J. Harnden.—On Bromley-common, 62, 
Charlotte, wife of Samuel Welch, esq. 

SUSSEX. 

A petition from the land-owners and 
occupiers in the eastern part of this 
county was lately presented to the Honse 
of Commons, praying for relief. 

Married.| C. Burrows, esq. to Miss E. 
Wilson, both of Brighton.—J. Cursha:n, 
esq. to Miss L. Merricks, of Runkton- 
house.—Mr. Wheatley, of the Cannon- 
house, Buxted, to Miss Knight, of Mares- 
field. 

Died.| At Brighton, on the New Steyne, 
Mrs. Long, widow of Robert Bryan L. 
esq.—In West-street, Mrs. Clements.—In 
Crescent-house, 71, Mrs. A. North. 

At Lewes, 60, Mrs. Featherston, of the 
Ciiffi—In the High-street, Mr, Smith.—63, 
Mr. 1, Smart. 

HAMPSHIRE. 

The. Hampshire Agricultural Society 
lately held its annual meeting near Win- 
chester. 

The landowners of Romsey Marsh lately 
agreed to petition the House of Commons 
for a reduction of taxation. 

Married.| Mr. H, Riddett, to Miss M. 
Wicker, of Ryde.—Mr. J. Todderdell, of 
Newport, to, Miss Matthews, of Kent.— 
Mr, W..Steed, of Cosham, to Eliza, daugh- 
ter of Capt. Hurst, R.N. 

Diced.) At Winchester, at an advanced 
age, Mr. Wallis. 

At Portsmouth, Mrs. Robyns.—In High- 
street, Mrs. Richardson.—Mr. J. Green- 
tree._Mr., Serjeant-Major Robinson, of 
the Marines. 

At Gosport, Mrs.; Willis. 

At Ashley-hill, .the-Rey. W.. Hooper, 
rector of Moor Monkton.—At. Fareham, 
Mr. A. Jack, R.N. ; 

WILTSHIRE, 

‘The down land which commands a view 
of Salisbury has lately been put into a 
state of cultivation, the guardians of the 
poor employing on that, or on some otlier 
beneficial work, every able panper. 

Married.) Mr. E. Cocks, of Devizes, to 
Miss 8. Cooper, vf Millbank, Westminster. 


Sussex —Hampshire—Wiltshire—Somersetshire, §c. 


[July fy 
—Mr. Page, of- Wilton, to. Miss A. Conrt- 
ney, of Stowford,—Mr.Pickett, to Miss 
1. Bleaden, both of Calne, ) 

Died.) At Salisbury,,Mr. J. Eades. 

) At Trowbridge, Mr. Jas, Cox.) ) 

At Malmesbury, Mr. J. Brooke.. 

At Downton, 58, Mr.J, Baily —At Hay 
Farm, 80,.Mr.C.Breome,sen—aAt Chit: 
toe, 87, Mr. J. Burton:—At Potterne, Mr. 
Lye, much regretted. 

SOMERSETSHIRE, 

Mr. Hunt has lately ordered halfa tonof 
his breakfast powder; packed iu half pounds, 
to be sent as his subscription for the relief 
of the suffering Erish : five hundred weight 
has been shipped for Cork, and) five hui- 
dred weight, for, Limerick. ‘This will 
afford three meals ajday foria aveek,) of 
whelesome and nutritious food, to 2/240 
persons, at half a pound each. «| } 

A new line. of road. has. within) the 
month been opened from Bath) through 
Painswick to, Cheltenham, by, which the 
facility of intercourse will be much-ins 
creased, 

Marricd.] Mr..C. Fuller, of High-street, 
to Miss M. A. Stevenson ;, Mr, J.) Crisp; 
to Miss £, Ford ; E,;P., Dennis; to Miss 
M. Dennis; Mr. J, Penny, to Miss Ma-A. 
Seward: all of Bath,—Mr,. T. ,Heale,, to 
Miss French, both, of Frome,->Mr.) J. 
Porter, of Frome, to Miss.,Yeoman;: ef 
Wanstrow.—7. Shorland, esq. of Yeovil, 
to Margaret, daughter, of the late Colonel 
Stevens, of the Eastern Somerset Cavalry. 

Died.| At Bath, 33, Mrs. E. Mitchell, 
— 68, Mrs. Moore, late, of Salisbury.—In 
Walcot-street, Mys. Adamsi—On) Wid- 
combe-terrace, Mrs. Sampson.—In.John- 
stone-street, the Rev. -S.. Newton, of 
Witham.—75, Mr. 1D. Perriman, ' 

At Shepton Mallet, 82, Murs.) E) Cham- 
pion.—Mirs. Higgins. 

At Doulton, 40,.Ms, B, Wileox.—Har- 
riet, wife of the Rey. H. Sainsbury, rector 
of Beckington and Standerwick.—78, the 
Rev. Dr. Gunning, reetor.. of | Farmbo~ 
rough, &c. deservedly lamented. 

DORSETSHIRE. 

Married.|] W. Devenish, esq. to Miss E. 
Weston, both of Weymouth —Mr. J. Pho- 
mas, of Stembridge Ash, to Miss E. Best, 
of KKingsbury. 

Died.|} At Poole, 57, Mrs. Mary, Prind, 
a member of the Society of Friends, 

At Bridport, Mrs. Golding. ‘ 

At Standley-green Cottage, 20, Eliza- 
beth, wife of Henry Barter, esq. 

DEVONSHIRE, 

A company has lately been, formed. at 
Plymouth, to establish two steam-packets, 
to. be employed between. that. port, and 
Portsmouth, on the completion of the line 
of canal from Lendon through Arundel to 
the latter place, about Michaelmas next. 

A new line of road has within the month 
beeu opened from Plymouth to Tavistock. 
; Married,} 


1822.) 


© Married.| Mr. W. Ford, jun. to Miss 
Westbear, both of Exeter.—Mr. D. Lit- 
ton, jun. of Dawlish, to’ Miss’ M. EB. H. 
Potbary, of Exeter,—T. W. Northmere, 
esq. of Cleve-house, to Miss ©. Welby, of 
Granrtham-hall.—Lient. Greenway, R.N. 
to Miss S. Greénstade, of Plymouth.—At 
Tiverton, Mr. ‘T, Parkhouse, to Miss H. 
Row, of Sampson Peverell.—Mr. J. Bid- 
lake, to Miss M. Coryear, both of Brent. 

Died] At Exeter, in St: Sidwell’s, 52, 
Mr. J. Hcoper.—On Fore-street hill, 41, 
Mrs. Ratcliffe, much regretted. 

At Plymouth, in Frankfort-street, Wm. 
Woolicombe, m.p.— In Orchard-place, 
Mrs. Hyne. 

At Dock, int Cross-street, 42, Mrs. Bur- 
nell, — In © Southill-buildings, 19, Mrs. 
Hewett: In Queen-street, 69, Mrs. 
Theain.—In | Pembroke-street, 75, Mrs. 
Nelten.—At> Plympton,’ 77, S. Archer, 
esq. of Treslake-house, ‘Cornwall, a de- 
puty-lieutenant of this county.— At Lew 
‘Trenchard, 38, the Rev. T. Darke. 

CORNWALL, 

A meeting of the agriculturists of this 
county took place lately at Bodmin, to 
consider the propriety of petitioning Par- 
liament fora commutation of tithes, and a 
general revision of the laws relative to 
that species of property: John Penhallow 
Peters, esq. was called to the chair, anda 
variety of resolutions were adopted.—The 
utmost anxiety was expressed by all pre- 
sent* for some general regulation respect- 
ingotithes, which’ the clergy enjoy in full, 
without maintaining the poor, or building 
churehes, which were their original desti- 
nations.’ ~ : 1 

A numerous meeting of persons in 
‘Cornwall, engaged in the ‘pilchard fishery, 
was lately held at Truro ; Philip Ball, esq. 
in the chair. A discussion of considerable 
length ensued, i the course of which it 
was stated; as the unanimous opinion of 
the meeting, that the imposition of a duty 
of ¥s,a bushel on the salt used in curing 
pilcbards would’ wholly’ destroy © that 
fishery, as a branch of toreign commerce. 

Marvied:] R. Johns,’ esq. to Miss Mary 
Bull, both of Falmouth.—Mr. Shepperd, 
to Miss E. Bray, both of Launceston.—W. 
‘Brewdon, esq. of Tetridge, to Miss Start, 
of Yealm-bridge. 

Died At St. Columb, 54, Miss Mary 
Bennett.—Mr. W. D. Willianis. 

‘At Camborne, Mrs. Newton.—At Pe- 
ran-A throes, '74, Capt. Charles Gundry. 

At [llogan Parsonage, 68, the Rev. Li- 
vingston Booth, a.m. after having devoted 
the greater part of his life to the diligent 
and faithful discharge of ‘the important 
duties ‘of the pastoraloffice in that and a 
neighbouring county ; and manifested; by 
‘his zealons labours and extensive benevo- 
lence, his unceasing care for the spiritual 
and temporal interest of his people. The 
sespect and esteem which’his worth had 


Cornwall —Watles — Scotland —Treland. 


575 
secured to him during lis valuable life, en- 
hanced bya peculiar suavity of manners, 
were fully testified in expressions of the 
deepest regret for his loss, by upwards of 
one thousand persons of all ranks, who, 
on the mournful occasion of his funeral, 
attended to pay their last tribute of re- 
spect to liis memory. 
WALES. 

Married.] John Williams, esq. of Pem- 
brey, to Miss M. A. Roderick, of Llanelly. 
—Henry Grant, jun esq. of Gnoil-castie, 
Glamorganshire, to Mary, second daughter 
of Lieut.-Gen. Warde, of Woodland-castle. 
—D. Lewis, esq. of Newcastle Emlyn, to 
Miss Howell, of Morfa, Cardiganshire. 

Died.] At Swansea, Mrs M. Griffiths, 
regretted.—In Bolton-street, Charlotte, 
wife of Richard Verity, esq. 

At Carmarthen, 27, the wife of J. M. 
Child, esq. of Begelly-house, Pembroke- 
shire. 

At Haverfordwest, Mrs. Phillips, wi- 
dow of the Rev. John P. D.p. of William- 
ston, Pembrokeshire. 

At Brecon, 79, Frances, widow of N. 
W. Lewis, esq. 

At Maermor, Denbighshire, 44, John 
Lewis Parry, esq. major in the marines.— 
At Leeswood-hall, Mrs. Eyton, wife of the 
Rev. Hope Wynne E.—Ann, wile of Bell 
Lloyd, esq. of Crogen, Merionethshire. 

SCOTLAND. 

Married.] The Rev. J. Marshall, of 
Glasgow, to Miss M.C. Richmond, of Tur- 
vey.—J. Neven, esq. of Glenavon, Kirk- 
cudbrightshire, to Ann Jane, daughter of 
the late Rev. Dr. Wardell; rector of Fish- 
toft and Skirbeck, diocese of Lincoln. 

Dicd.} At Glasgow, 25, lsabella, wife of 
the Rev. B. Marden. 

At Maxwell-town, Dumfries, 91, Capt. 
George Williams: he served with General 
Wolfe at Quebec. 

IRELAND. 

The south-west part of Ireland has con- 
tinued since our last to exhibit new and 
appalling instances of suffering and misery. 
The philanthropic aids: of England have 
reached them; but the general attention 
has as yet been confined to the reduction 
of the pangs of hunger.’ Without com- 
mensurate and energetic interference and 
operation by the government, nothing 
effectual can be done to restore even that 
subdued tone Irelaid once possessed. 
Palliatives are insufiicient; the axe ought 
to be ‘laid at the rdot'‘of the tree. The 
Right Hon. Dennis Browne, ina late ex- 
cellent letter to the Matquis Wellesley, 
exhibits the causes of the general disorga- 
nization and wretchedness, and then re- 
commends cures, “’Lhe first cause (he 
says,) is @ population and a church csta- 
biishment discordant in’ their’ views, and 
entertaining a different mode of faith and 
worship. ‘The second—a population infi- 
nitely beyond the means of employment. 
The 


576 


The third—the mode of paying the clergy 
of the Established Church. The fourth— 
the absentees : this class of men take from 
the country half its rental in currency. 
The fifth—the consequent want of cireu- 
Jating medium; we have the taxes of Eng- 
land, and an inert body to produce them, 
The sixth—the episcopal and corporation: 
lands: they form (he believes,) one-ninth 
part of the whole surface of Iveland.”— 
The remedies which Mr. Browne proposes 
are—‘‘ ist. To remove all distinctions on 
account of religious belief, 2d. The al- 
lowance of a fair and moderate stipend to 
the Roman Catholic priest and his assist- 
ant. 3d. A system of colonization for 
draining off the unemployed population, 
and the improvement by government of 
the waste lands in Ireland. 4th. The 
establishment of an efficient Board for the 
encouragement of the fisheries. 5th. The 
substitution of a Jand-tax for tithes, and of 
a Property Tax, under certain modifica- 
tions, in lieu of the Assessed Taxes, and the 
taxes upon exciseable commodities. 6th. 
The establishment of Provincial Banks, in 
central situations, each having a capital of 
500,000/; 7th. The enactment of a law, 
authorising episcopal and corporation lands 
to be let on Jeases for three lives, or thirty- 
one years.” 

Of the ameliorating measures of the 
new Lord Lieutenant, nothing has yet 
transpired; when promulgated, we shall 
be happy to record them. 

Married.| G. Newenham, esq. of Sum- 
mer-hill, Cork, to Miss Hannah Evans, of 
Carker.—The Rev. E. Conyers, of Castle- 
town Conyers, Limerick, to Catherine, 
daughter of Sir R, Blenherhassett, bart, 

Died.] At Dublin, Sir W. Alexander, bart. 

At Templemore-house, Sir Arthur Car- 
den, bart. 

The Right Reverend Dr. Thomas 
O'Bierne, lord bishop of Meath. This 
celebrated divine was born in the years 
1748, at Longford, in Ireland, His fa- 
ther was a farmer, a Catholic, and sent his 
two sons, Thomas and John, to St. Omer’s, 


Ireland, &¢. ~ be py 


to be educated for the priesthood. John 
continued firm in his faith, but Thomas 
took the liberty to investigate the grounds 
of his religion; and, renouncing the creed 
of the Catholic church, embraced tlie Pro- 
testant religion. He afterwards entered 
into holy orders in the Protestant church. 
When young he published a poem, called 
“the Crucifixion,” 1776. He hkewise 
published the “ Generous Impostor,” a 
comedy, 1780; and the same year, “A 
Series of Essays.” On the breaking out 
of the American war, he was appointed 
chaplain to the ship in which Lord Howe 
had bis flag; sailed with him.to America, 
and becamea great favourite both with him 
and his brother, Sir William Howe. On 
his return he became closely connected 
with the Portland party; and he wrote 
several able pamphlets; among these 
were,—* Considerations on the History 
of the last Sessions of Parliament, 1781 ;”’ 
“ Considerations on the late Disturb 
ances, 1781,;’’ also, ** Considerations on 
Naval Discipline and Courts-martial,” 
Finding the character of his patron, Lord 
Howe, had been shamefully traduced by 
the ministerial writers, he published an 
able defence of his lordship’s conduct, 
which had a good effect. In 1783, when 
the Duke of Portland was appointed first 
lord of the Treasury, he nominated Mr. 
O’Bierne to be his secretary; but, the 
duke being scon removed from office, Mr. 
O'Bierne retired, and lived ‘some time in 
France, till obliged to quit that country. 
When Earl Fitzwilliam accepted the office 
of lord lieutenant of Ireland, he took Mr. 
O’Bierne with him as his secretary; and, 
although he did not remain there long, he 
nominated Mr. O’Bierne to the bishoprick 
of Ossory. It is'a singular fact, that when 
he went to take possession of his see, he 
met his brother Jolm, whom he had not 
seen for several years, acting as a zealous 
priest of the Roman Catholic persuasion. 
On the death of Dr, Maxwell in 1795, he 
was translated to the rich see of Meath; 
and since that time he resided in Ireland, 


TO CORRESPONDENTS, 


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In. our next awe shall commence 


a series under the title of THE Soctat. Economist ; the object of which will he to exhibit, 
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original Pheenician character ; with Indexes, §c. Sc. 

At the same time will be published, the first Number of the w1rry-rourTH Volume of 
this Series,—of which, with the aid of his Correspondents, and of the Friends of the liberal 
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Persons desirous of completing and binding their sets may be accommedated with nearly 
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305, col. 1, for 110 read 1,100 guineas. 


SUPPLEMENTARY NUMBER 


To THE FIFTY-THIRD VOLUME or tHe 


MONTHLY MAGAZINE. 


No. :370.] 


JULY 31, 1822. 


[Price 2s, 


Selections from the Chief Publications of the Half- Year. 


— 


TRAVELS 
IN 


GEORGIA, PERSIA, ARMENIA, 
ANCIENT BABYLONIA, 
&c. §e. 
During the Years 1817, 1818, 1819, and 1820. 
BY SIR ROBERT KER PORTER. 


With mimerous Engravings of Portraits, Costumes, 
Antiquities,@c. Ato. 4l. 14s. 6d. 


[This is one of the best written, and most 
elegant books of travels, which, for 
many years, has issued from the press. 
The countries visited are deeply instruct- 
ing from numerons associations, and we 
have not often had travellers who have 

-had the author’s courage to explore 
their recesses, his ability to describe 
them, or his pencil to depict their. most 
remarkable objects. He travelled too 

* with. the feeling which gratifies the 

- reader’s curiosity in regard to the most 
striking objects, and his descriptions are 
full, clear, and satisfactory. We may’ 
instance his description of the ruins of 
Babylon, those objects of universal 
sympathy, and those pictures of what 
time will render all cities, however great 
or proud. We feel that we have snfi- 

. ciently trespassed on the author’s rights 
in the length of the quotations we have 
made, or we could have considerably 
extended them to the pleasure and 
profit of our readers. The specimens 

* given will, however, we trust, add to the 
value of our volume, and stimulate the 
patrons of literature to possess them- 
selves of the entire work. This second 

' -volume completes the author’s plan, and 
the first volume we duly noticed ina 

- former Supplément.] 


A SACRED VILLAGE IN PERSIA. 
_ A T three o’clock in the morning of 
August Ist, we left the carayan- 
sary, and turned our cavalcade into a 
north-western direction through another 
narrow valley; bounded on each side 


/by craggy mountains, which were tra- 


versed by the most opposite and varied 
strata I had ever seen... A. stream, 
equally clear and inviting with those of 


the Kala-Gul-Aub, flowed by our path, 


’ 


which lay under groves of wild almond, 
Monrucy Mac. No. 3”. 


hawthorn, and mulberry-trees, inter- 
mixed with large bushes bearing a 
flower resembling lavender both in ap- 
pearance and smell. Notwithstanding 
the vernal luxuriance of such a scene, 
the road itself was extremely desert and 
bad, being a continuation of rough, 
loose stones the whole way from Mayan 
to Iman Zada Ismael, a journey of three 
farsangs. This latter village is consi- 
dered holy ground, and not only shews a 
general aspect of comfortable means, 
but an air of civilization seldom met 
with on this side of Ispaban. Every indi- 
vidual in the place claims hisdescent from 
Mahommed ; hence they are all called 
Saieds, or sons of the prophet. . A pic- 
turesque old caravansary nearly in ruins, 
and a high-domed building, are its most 
conspicuous . objects. _The hospitality 
of the natives seems to have rendered the 
former useless; and the latter, which 
gives its name to the village, covers the 
holy relics of the Iman Zada Ismael. 
Of his particular history nothing is now 
remembered, but that this is his tomb ; 
the sanctity of which would of itself hal- 
low the ground in its vicinity ; therefore 
this spot has, a double. claim: to reyer- 
ence, being an abode of the living de. 
scendanis of the prophet as well.as of 
the dead. 

We were lodged in the house of one 
of the ten thousand branches -of the 
great holy stock, where the most unex- 
ampled attention was shown to our con- 
venience. <A principal division. of the 
mansion was cleared entirely of its usual 
inhabitants, and the vacated apartments, 
above and below, appropriated to the 
sole use of ourselves, our people, and 
our quadrupeds. Every sort of provi- 
sion thatthe village afforded was at our 
command, and due attendance to pre- 
pare and serve it. “We were surprised 
‘by finding the women of the place not 
only. walking about in freedom, but 
completely unveiled, and. mixing pro- 
miscuously in discourse or occupation 
with the male inhabitants;. neither did 
they retreat from their various domestic 


‘employments. on our near approach. 


Their features’are regular, with dark 
, 4D complexions, 


578 Sir R. Ker Porter’s Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, §c. 


complexions, and large fine eyes ; and 
their. figures are good, with a general 
appearance of cleanliness, a grace not 
very common amongst the lower classes 
in Persia. The chief cause of such 
humble affluence and manifest content, 
lies in the sacred village being exempted 
from tribute of any kind. Neither docs 
it furnish the customary quota of armed 
men, demanded on the part of goyern- 
ment from all less holy districts, to at- 
tend the king in his wars or annual en- 
campments; and, in addition to these 
privileges, the prince-gevernor of Shiraz 
pays a yearly sum of forty tomauns to- 
wards the repair and decoration of the 
Iman’s tomb. The village is well con- 
structed, clean, and at every point 
shows a flourishing condition. A large 
tract of garden-ground, abundanily 
stocked, and a corresponding space for 
corn in as fayourable cultivation, 
stretch before the walls. The whole 
southern face of the mountain, wherever 
practicable, is clothed with quantities of 
grapes ; and every little sheltered spot 
rendered some way profitable by these 
industrious people. ‘They have not the 
advantage of evena single stream to as- 
sist their labours, but are obliged to 
transport all the water they use, from 
wells; which increases the toil, and 
lamentably circumscribes the extent of 
their cultivation. 
THE VALE OF HEROES. 

The vale of Oujon is ranked amongst 
the most fertile in Persia, for natural 
richness of pasture ; and is additionally 
renowned, under the name of the Vale 
of Heroes, from having been the favour- 
ite haunt of Baharam tbe Fifth, sarnamed 
the Gour, and his princely train, in hunt- 
ing the wild ass. The whole valley 
abounds in springs, some hid under 
marsby ground, and others open, in the 
shapes of pools or streams ; but it is sup- 
posed all their sources communicate at 
a great depth. In the course of one of 
his excursions, near the western extre- 
mity of the plain, the king suddenly dis- 
appeared, leaving his astonished retinue 
in the wildest consternation. In, the 
heat of pursuit, Baharam, who was 
much a-head. of his. followers, had 
dashed into a deep still pool of water, 
and, together with his horse, was_in- 
stantly swallowed up. But what re- 
mains a wonder until this day, though 
immediate search was madefor his body, 
not the smallest trace of either himself, 
or the animal that perished with him, 
was ever to be found. Sir John Mal- 
colm, in mentioning this circumstance, 


corroborates its probability, by recount- 
ing the melancholy catastrophe of-a 
European in his own escort, who, al- 
though warmed not to approach jt too 
near, disappeared at the very ‘spot 

pointed out as that fatal to the king! 
The histories of this beloved monarch 
of the Persians, whose fame, they de- 
clare, is to “flourish with the roses of 
paradise, filling the whole earth with 
fragrance for ever!” are fraught with 
highly interesting facts, as well as mar- 
vellously romantic legends. Educated, 
by the command of his royal father, by 
an Arab chief, he acquired all the sim- 
plicity and hardihood of that dauntless 
people ; adding, to their rough virtues, 
many which seem to belong to the most 

polished states of civilization alone. 
During the wars between Baharam 
and the emperor Theodosius, many 
braye Persians were taken. prisoners, 
and carried into bondage to Constanti- 
nople. When the two sovereigns ended 
their hostilities by a truce of a hundred 
years, Acacius declared to his emperor, 
that “ vases of gold and silver were less 
precious ornaments of the church, in his 
eyes and those of God, than justice and 
mercy ;” and therefore, selling the church 
plate, “he employed the money it pro_ 
duced (continues the historian) in the 
redemption of scven thousand Persian 
captives ; supplied their wants with 
commiserating liberality, and dismissed 
them to their native country, fo inform 
Baharam of the true spirit of thatreligion 
against whose followers hehad raised his 
arms.” ‘The valour, clemency, and ge- 
nerosity of the Persian monarch, are the 
theme of every Persian pen; his munifi- 
cence not being limited to favourites at 
court, nor to its mere vicinity, but ex- 
tended over all his dominions, encou- 
raging manufactures, and rewarding 
merit. We find it related in the Zeenut- 
ul-Tuarikh, that his liberality in this 
way was so unbounded, and his own 
style of living so rigidly simple, that his 
ministers thought fit to present a memo- 
rial to him, imploring bis majesty to 
circumscribe his munificence ; and, to 
remember, that these treasures might 
hereafter be necessary to support the 
dignity of bis throne, and to maintain his 
power as became the greafest monarch 
of the East. Baharam made them this 
reply: “IfI am not to confer benefits 
on my best subjects, by thus rewarding 
free men who render obedience to my 
Jaws, and so attaching them to my per- 
son and government ; let those who 
framed these remonstrances, inform me, 
2 what 


Sir R. Ker Porter's Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, &c. 
2 ’ 


what better means I can employ to sup- 
port this true dignity, of my throne, to 
maintain this my. undisputed power 
amongst the nations’’ The ruins of 
several of his hunting-lodges are still 
shown in the vicinity of the fata] plain, 
VISIT_TO JSPAHAN. 
The approach to the southern side of 
the city is infinitely. more magnificent 
than the entrance onthe north. Amongst 
the first, objects that struck our eyes in 
the present view, were the numerous 
nobly-constructed bridges, each carry- 
ing its long level line of thickly-ranged 
arches, to porch-like structures of the 
finest. elevations; some fallen into 
stately ruin; others nearly entire; but 
all exhibiting splendid memorials of the 
triumphal ages of the Sefi race. These 
bridges, once the scenes of many a glo- 
yious cayalcade of prince and people, 
were now, though deserted, still anim- 
-paired, and indeed superb prologues to 
tenantless palaces, and, a cily in ruins. 
All spoke of the gorgeous, populous 
past; but all that remained in present 
life, seemed Jost in. silence, shrinking 
from the increasing flame of a morning 
stin that burnt like mid-day. Happily, 
acoyert path presented itself ; and, after 
enjeying our ride beneath the cool ar- 
cades_of its long mouldering cloisters, 
we entered the southern gate of the 
town, and immediately came out into 
one of ihose umbrageous.avenues of trees 
which render the interior of Ispahan in 
this quarter, a very paradise. It termi- 
nated at the great bazar of Shah Abbas; 
the whole of which enormous length of 
building is vaulted above, to exclude 
heat, yet admit air and light. Hundreds 
of shops, without inhabitants, filled the 
sides of this epitome of a deserted mer- 
cantile world; and, haying traversed 
their untrodden labyrinths for an extent 
of nearly two miles, we entered the 
-Maidan Shah, another spacious sound- 
less theatre of departed grandeur, ‘The 
present solitude of so magnificent a 
place was rendered more impressive by 
the distinct echoing of our horses’ foot- 
steps, as we passed through itsimmense 
quadrangle to the palace that was to be 
our temporary abode. On entering be- 
neath its Dold, and marble portico, I felt 
the pleasurable sensation of old ac- 
_guaintanceship, if not an actual glow of 
something fike home; for, this was the 
very one of the Hesth Beheste, or Eight 
Palaces, which had been my residence 
during my first stay at Ispahan. The 
coolest, and therefore most delightfal 
range among its splendid apartments 


Kaliouns. ‘The utmost magnificence of 


579 


was prepared for us; and to add to the 
immediate refreshment of “ fruits, flow- 
ers, and the limpid spring,” we had the 
agreeable information that our friend, 
Hadgé Bachire, was the inhabitant of 
the suife nearest to ours. It was not 
now difficult to guess whence had flowed 
the cornucopia before us. Mutual visits 
were soon paid; and we had more and 
more reason to remember, with respect 
and gratefalness, the good Abyssinian 
of Shiraz. 
THE PERSIAN CHARACTER. 

The variety of character amongst 
these people is equally interesting and 
extraordinary, and that variety does not 
exist more in certain dissimilarities dis- 
tinguishing one individual from another, 
than in those very dissimilarities often 
meetingin one man. The Persian’s na- 
tural disposition is amiable, with quick 
parts; and on these foundations, the 
circumstances of climate and govern- 
ment have formed his character. Per- 
haps a stronger proof could not be 
given of the former trait, than that we 
find in their history no terrible details of 
sanguinary popular tumults. ‘The page 
is blotted in a thousand places, with 
massacres done by order of a single 
tyrant ; but never a disposition for insur- 
rection, and wide murderous revenge, 
in the people en masse. Fonder of 
pleasure than ambitious of the sterner 
prerogatives of power, they seck their 
chief good in the visions of a fanci- 
ful philosophy, or the feryours of a faith 
which kindles the imagination with the 
senses. ‘The dreams of their poets, the 
delights of the Anderoon, the vigour of 
the chase ; these, with services at court, 
whether to the Shah, or to his princely 
representatives over provinces, or to 
their delegated authorities in towns 
and villages, all alike form the favourite 
pursuits of the Persian, from the high- 
est khan to the lowest subject in the 


‘empire, 


I have already mentioned, that the 
peculiar temperament of the Persian is 
lively, imitative, full of imagination, and 
of that easy nature which we in the west 
eall “taking the world lightly;” and 
that hence he is prone to seek pleasures, 
and toenjoy them with his whole heart. 
Amongst these, the gaiety of his taste 
renders him fond of pomp and show; 
but his fear of attracting suspicion to his 
riches, prevents him exhibiting such 
signs in his own person, beyond an extra 
superb shaw), a handsomely hilted dag- 
ger, or the peculiar beauty of bis 


his 


580 Sir R. Ker Porter's Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, &c. 


his house, consists in) the number. of 
apartments, and. extent of the courts; 
of the rose-trees and little fountains in 
the one, and the fine carpets and num- 
muds in the other. . But vessels of gold 
or silver are never seen, ~The dinner- 
trays are of painted wood ; and those on 
which the sweetmeats and fruits appear, 
are of copper, thickly tinned over, look- 
ing like dirty plate. Neither gluttony 
Nor epicurism is a vice of this nation. 
The Jower classes also live principally 
upon bread, fruits, and water. The re- 
pasts of the higher consist of the sim- 
plest fare ; their cookery being devoid of 
any ingredient to stimulate the appetite. 
Sherbets, of different kinds, are their 
usual beverage; and tea and coffee the 
luxuries of ceremonious meetings. In 
this general abstinence from what is 
usually styled the pleasures of the table, 
we find a nearer resemblance to the 
manly frugality of ancient Persis, or 
Tran, (which the admirable institutions 
of the first Cyrus extended from that 
people to the less temperate Medes,) 
than to the manners which prevailed 
eyen in so short a time as a century 
after, under the reign of Artaxerxes 
Mnemon, 

From the earliest times, the breeding 
of fine horses lias been a passion in the 
East; and in no country more than 
Persia, where, indecd, a man and his 
horse are seen in such constant compa- 
nionship, that custom has in a manner 
identified them with each otber, and 
hence the most beautiful steeds are 
never brought in proof of any extraordi- 
nary ricbes; a Persian being well 
mounted, though the clothes on his back 
may not be worthhalfatomaun. Their 
mules, too, are a stately, usefulrace.. I 
have already noticed, that horse-racing 
is not pursued here as with us, to pro- 
duce a certain prodigious swiftness ina 
short given time; but to exercise the 
limbs of. the travelling or courier-horse, 
to. go ‘over, a ‘considerable. number of 
miles in one day, or more, at an unusual 
rate, without slackening his) pace, or 
suffering by the exertion. | The fleetness 
of a Persian horse in the chase, is equal 
to that of any country; but his exquisite 
mabagemcent in the military sports of the 
girid, &c. cannot be equalled, on any 
other field, | In these exercises, we see 
something of the latent fire of the chival- 
ric Shah Sevund, breaking forth in their 
descendants, and lambently playing on 
ihe point of their Jances. ‘The dexterity 
of the evolutions, the grace of their mo- 
tions, and the knighthood-gallantry | of 


their address, unite in giving an incex- 
pressible charm to thesescenes.. But it 
does not end, there... This g@adieté decceur, 
and courtesy, of manner; pervading every 
class, renders the society; of ‘thesbigher 
ranks. particularly amiable j,:and)icom- 
munication with the lowery free ofsany 
rudeness... Nay, indeed, the) bhumblest 
peasant; from the old min; to) the hoy, 
expresses himself with ja degree! of...¢i- 
vility only, to be, expected from education 
and. refinement.,)- Quick; in) Seeing; or 
apprehending. oceasions of;setvice, jhigh 
and low seem to bend themselves grace- 
fully to whatever task ;theit) superiors 
may assign; besides talentseems.10 con- 
tend with inclination, im accomplishing 
its fulfilment. In short, this pliant, 
polished steel of charaeter,-so different 
from. the sturdy: nature and stubborn 
uses of the iron sons of the north,:fit the 
Persians to be,atjonceja great, a happy, 
and a peaceable people, under a.legiti- 
mate and well-ordered monarchy. 
THE GUEBRES, 9/1) 

The modern Persian, Guebres; as' well 
as their brethrentin India, hold'a mixed 
creed, apparently; borrowed: from: both 
states of the Mitheatic worships It 
comprises a belief in one supreme !Gou, 
who directs ali things! by his power, and 
preserves all things by’ hisumercy sand 
that he makes his will knownmte mau by 
seven divine intelligencés, or agents, 
each of whom has his especial oflice in 
the economy of the universes: Manis 
the peculiar care of the first.im dignity ; 
the second presides over the animals'of 
the earth ; the third over the carthilself, 
the fourth over fire ; the fifth over the wa- 
ters ; the sixth has every kind) of plant 
and vegetation in charge; and the. se- 
venth preserves all nature from whatever 
might defile it... Subordinate. to, these 
super-eminent deities, are an infinity of 
minor gods who attend mankind, ‘admi- 
nistering to their necessities, or govern- 
ing their passions. \‘Phe Gaebre faith 
also, admits, a malign spirit: with his 
demons, wlio busy themselves in thwart- 
ing the benevolent purposes of the seven 
protectors; but, likewise believing! that 
the power of goodnessis always stronger 
than that-of evil, prayers, anda firmde- 
pendance on Ormuzd and his heavenly 
agents, are deemed fully. sufficient talis- 
mans against all the powers of darkness, 
To this\end, the pious bave particular 
days in eyery month, dedicated to. the 
adoration of the Supreme» Deity, on 
whom they cal] in the presence of his 
sacred emblem, their secretly cherished 
fire ; which, they continue :to si 

the 


Sir R. Ker Porter's Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, &c. 


the purest, and therefore’ most proper 
type of the divinity.) But how far their 
gencral doctrine accords with that'of the 
ancient magi, may in some measure’ be 
judged, by reading the books” of ‘their 
faith, said to ‘have been'compiled from 
the coral records of the’ Dustdors, or 
priests'ofthe Guebres, several ages after 
tthe Mahomedan destruction of the sacred 
parehments at Persepolis. Doubtless, 
in «these ‘documents, some part of the 
origina) Mithrati¢ system may be traced; 
hut much more''is to be found of the 
polytheistical innovations which de- 
graded the oneeé spiritualized religion 
of) Persia,into*the grossness of general 
idolatry, Of the “Zendavesta, and 
Boundehesh, two of these books, we 
have translations*by Mons. Aquitel du 
Perron; and, ‘besides, are in possession 
of two, also:deemed ancient, the Dabis- 
ian and Desatir, lately discovered in 
India‘; and ‘both of which that great ori- 
entalist, Sir William Jones, considers to 
be genuine works, and unexceptionable 
authority.’ From these, we find a de- 
cided *belief in an all-powerful and su- 
preme Goud, whom they considered the 
first object of adoration; then follows the 
host-of heaven, commonly known under 
tie names of Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, the 
Sun,; Venus, Mercury, and the Moon. 
These seven intelligences of the ancient 
magi; together with their attendant 
‘spirits, ‘agree with the seven divine 
agents andtheir satellites of the modern 
Parse and Gnebre. In the Dabistan, 
the peculiar symbol under which each 
planet was to be worshipped, is de- 
seribed; the whole bearing a striking 
similarity:1o many of the idols of the 
Hindods, the hieroglyphics of Egypt, 
and to the cylinders of Ninevah and 
Babylon.’ A coincidence that bears out 


the idea of idolatry having originated in - 


the East, and that ancient Assyria was 
indeed the parent of pagan worsbip. 
PERSIAN FRUIT, 

The: variegated flours of our rooms 
were nearly covered with heaps of the 
finest apples, pears, and every sort of 
niclons; besides the most beautifal 
grapes: I ever beheld; all piled up in 
high) pyramids, and) glowing with’ the 
ricly colours and various bloom of fruit, 
whose; delicious ' freshness “was ‘more 
grateful to theveye, than a palace’s most 
usual gorgeous farniture: ‘he fragrance 
aiid beauty of flowers mingled with na- 
ture’s sweet) banquet round “1s; but, 
when we partook of its luxuries, our 
Easopean palates found most of them 
djvu luscious for our colder tastes ; the 


581 


grapes, in particular, though possessing 
many different flavours, were invariably 
too’ cloying for refreshment. The fruit 
of ‘highest zest, isa small red plum, in 
shape like our grecn-gage, with some- 
thing of the same taste, but much more 
exquisite; and this was our favourite 
dessert. At’ this time of the year, the 
country around’ Ispahan’ teems with 
fruit of every ‘description, allowing the 
lower orders to purchase a load of the 
common sort for a few pieces of copper 
money. In consequence of this plenty, 
and the fondness of the people for so 
light and cooling a food, itis rather de- 
voured than eaten, and in such immo- 
derate quantities, that the effects on 
their bowels carries off whole families, 
and even districts, as if swept by the 
plague. 
ASPECT OF THE COUNTRY. 
Gilpaigon is the provincial capital of 
a khan, who governs the small district 
from which it takes its name. The 
town itself is supposed to contain about 
{wo thousand persons. Nearly a couple 
of farsangs before we reachied this little 
rural metropolis, we found. the road 
divide itself; one branch leading to the 
village of Gobikaw, the regular halting- 
place, in the way to Liamadan, and the 
other to the town which we had ‘chosen 
for our menzil. Gobikaw, with two 
other villages of less: dimensions, but 
promisivg equal refreshment, ‘from the 
number of trees which mingled their gay 
green with the rustic dwellings, spread 
themselves along the base of the same 
line of hills which cover the town of 
Gilpaigon, and seemed quite in as good 
condition. The impression this’ sight, 
with its accompanying cultivation, made 
on my mind as I approached, can hardly 
be conceived by an European’ who has 
never wandered from happy Christen- 
dom: so beyond imagination is the dif- 
ference, between the populousness and 
aspect of countries, which own such dif- 
fereut governments as those of Asia and 
Europe. Here, in the Kast, with regard 
to population and’ its habitations, this 
vast tract of country, (once the very 
well-spring of emigration to all na- 
tions of) the ‘earth,) appears like the dry 
bed of some former great river ; where 
the depth, und the space, evidence the 
mighty flood by which it might have 
been filled; and a few pools of stagnant 
water, dotting the’ marshy ‘surface, re- 
main vestiges that such an’ element 
really did fill it. “No man can enter 
Persia, without remenibering he is 
about to tread a Jaud which a long line 
of 


582 
of native princes covered, with citics, 
and towns, and fertility ; a country, 
which even its Grecian conquerors em- 
bellished with, the noblest. structures, 
and Roman. inyaders , adorned with 
bridges, agueducts, and castles. But 
of all these towns, villages, and struc- 
tures, the erections of so many different 
ages and generations of men, few remain 
of any kind that are not sunk ip ruin, or 
furrowed with decay. Where were 
once cilics, and hamlets, and cultivated 
ficlds, are now vast solitudes; without 
house, or hut, or tree, or blade of grass, 
for many, many miles. Indeed, so fre- 
quent are these monotonous tracts, 
dreary to the eye, and dismal to the 
heart, that the glimpse of a mouldering 
wall, round some long-abandoned village 
seen from afar ; or a distant view of the 
broken massive arches of a lonely cara- 
vansary, surrendered to the wild animals 
of the waste; beiug memorials that bu- 
man footsteps once were there, are 
sights of welcome to the cbeerless tra- 
veller, way-wearied by such unvaried 
seenes of desert-solilariness, Besides 
such really melancholy sources of the 
ennw Which so often accompanies the 
Muropean through these burning tracts, 
is the unchanging serenity of the sky. 
Day after day, nay, month after month 
passes, and not a film is seen on its daz- 
zling surface ; not a cloud, even light as 
the thinnest vapour, varies the towering 
summits of the mountains by its fleecy 
shroud, por tinges the vale beneath with 
its flitting shadow. In vain we look 
here for those sweet concealments of na- 
ture, Which at times hide her beauties in 
a veil; or those sublime mysteries, 
which give infinitude to grandeur, by the 
occasional darkness in which she enve- 
lopes it. At no season of the year, in 
this southern part of Persia, can we sce 
the storm gathering in the heavens ; nor 
the thirsty earth opening its bosom to re- 
ceive the milder shower, pouring abun- 
dance and beauty in its bland retresh- 
ment, In fact, I have not seen asingle 
drop of rain since the morning of my 
quitting Teheran; and ~ dew  secms 
equally interdicted, I have often 
thought, while panting through. this 
waveless sea, of shadeless jheat, that if 
those of my countrymen who indulge 
themselves in’ murmurs against. our 
cloudy, humid climate, were only to be 
transplanted ‘hither for one. summer- 
journey, they might find a parallel ex- 
ample to the unhappy lover of riches, 
who obtained the object of bis passion 
to so grievous ap extent, that whatever 


Sir R. Ker Porter's, Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, &e. 


he touched became gold ; for, wherever 
they, go-here, they would mect dryness, 
and cloudless, fervent sunshine, 
AGRICULTURE OF THE PRASANTRY- 
Trayelling onward, we found bands of 
peasants engaged in the, different rural 
occupations. of ihe season; some separ 
rating the graiu from the, straw, others 
cutting down the, corn that h d heen 
left. standing, Dut air aaa 8 husi- 
ness with a sickle so far unlike ours, as 
to be scareely bended in the blade, "Fhe 
threshing operation, is, managed by a 
maehine, composed of, a large square 
frame of wood, which contains two 
wooden cylinders placed parallel to each 
other, and which haye a turning motion. 
They are stuck full of spikes, with sharp 
square points, but not all of a Jength- 
These rollers haye the appearance of the 
barrels in an organ, and fheir projections, 
when brought in contact with the corn, 
break the stalk, and disengage the ear. 
They are put. in motion by,a couple of 
cows, or oxen, yoked to the frame, and 
guided by a man sitting on the plank 
that covers the frame which contains 
the cylinders. He drives this. agricul, 
tural equipage in a circle, round any 
great accumulation of just-gathered 
harvest, keeping at a certain distance 
from the verge of the heap; elose to 
which a second, peasant stands, holding 
a long-handled twenty-pronged. fork, 
shaped like the spread sticks of. a fan; 
and with which he throws the unheund 
sheaves forward to mect the rotary, mo- 
tion of the machine. He has a shoyel 
also ready, with which he removes to a 
considerable distance the corn that has 
already passed the wheel. Other men 
are on the spot, with the like implement, 
which they fill with the broken, mate- 
rial, and throw it aloft in the air, where 
the wind blows away the chaff, and the 
grain Jalls to the ground, ‘The latter 
process is repeated till the corn is com- 
pletely winnowed from its refuse, when 
it is gathered up, carried home, and de- 
posited for use in large earthen jars. 
The straw also is preserved with care, 
being the sole winter food of the horses 
and mules. But while I looked on, at 
this patriarchal style of husbandry, and 
at the strong yet docile animal which, 
for so many ages, had been the right 
hand of man.in his business of tilling and 
reaping the ground, I could not but re- 
vere, the beneficent Jaw, which pro- 
nounced, “ muzzle not the ox when he 
treads out the corn.” a 
HAMADAN, THE ANCIENT ECBATANA. 
I had not expected to see Eebatana as 
Alexander 


Sir R. Ker Porter's Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, &c. 


Alexander found it; néither in the su- 
perb ruin in which ‘Timour had left it; 
but, almost unconsciously to myself, 
some indistinct ideas of what it bad 
been, floated before me; and, when I 
actually beheld its remains,“it was Willi 
the appalled shock of Seeing ‘a prostrate 
dead hody, where I had anticipated ‘a 
livitig man, though drooping to decay. 
Orontes, indeed, was there, magnificent 
and hoary headed ; the funeral monu- 
nieht of the poor corse beneath. Hay- 
ing, fora few moments, gazed at the 
veherable mountain, and on the sad va- 
cuum at its base; what had been Ecba- 
tana, being now shrank to comparative 
nothingness ; I turned my eye on the still 


busy scene of life, which occupied the - 


adjacent country ; the extensive plain of 
Hamadan, ‘and its widely extending 
hills. On our right, the receding vale 
was varied, at short distances, with 
nutmberless castellated villages rising 
from’ amidst. ‘groves of the noblest 
trees; while the great plain itself, 
stréetehed northward and eastward to 
such far remoteness, that ifs mountain 
boundaries appeared like clouds upon 
the horizon. This whole tract seemed 
one carpet of luxuriant verdare, studded 
with liamlets, and watered by beautiful 
rival ets. On the south-west, Orontes, 
or Elwond, (by which ever name we 
may designate this most towering divi- 
sion of the mountain,) presents itself, in 
all the stupendous grandeur of its fame 
and form. Near to its base, appear the 
dark-coloured dwellings of Hamadan, 
erowded thickly on each other ; while 
the gardens of the inhabitants, with 
their connecting orchards and woods, 
fringe the entire slope of that part of the 
mountain. Its higher regions exhibit 
every variety of picturesque forms, and 
indigenous vegetable production, whe- 
ther in scent or hue; while from its 
rocky crest the brightness of the risen 
sun was reflected, mingling its rays with 
the brilliantly clear springs which wind 
in rills amongst its upland paths ; or roll, 
in accumulated streams, down upon the 
plain below, inviting, and assisting the 
hand of industry. 

‘Towards the end of the fourteenth 
century, it received its final blow under 
tlre arms of ‘Vimour, the Tartar, who 
sacked, iNaged, and destroyed its 
proudest buildings, ruined the inhabi- 
tants, and reduced the whole, from being 
one of the most extensive cities of the 
East, to bardly a farsang in length and 
breadth, In that dismantled and dis- 
membered state, though dwindled down 


583 


to a mere clay-built snburb of what it 
was, it possessed iron gates, till within 
these fifty years; when Aga Mahomed 
Khan, not satisfied with the depth of so 
great a capital’s degradation, ordered 
every remain of past consequence to be 
totally destroyed. | His commands were 
obeyed to a tittle’ The mud alleys, 
which now occupy the site of ancicnt 
streets or squares, are narrow, inter- 
rupted by large holes, or hollows, in the 
way, and heaps of the fallen crumbled 
walls of deserted dwellings. A miser- 
able bazar or two are passed through in 
traversing the town; and large lonely 
spots are met with, marked by broken 
low mounds over older ruins; with here 
and there a few poplars, or willow trees, 
shadowing the border of a dirty stream, 
abandoned to the meanest uses; which, 
probably, flowed pellucid and admired, 
when these places were gardens, and 
the grass-grown heap, some’ stately 
dwelling of Ecbatana. In one or two 
spots I observed square platforms, com 
posed of large stones; the faces of many 
of which were chiseiled all over into the 
fixest arabesque fretwork, whilst others 
had, in addition, long inscriptions in the 
Arabic character. ‘They had evidently 
been tombstones of the inhabitants, du- 
ring the caliph rule in Persia, But 
when we compare relics of the seventh 
century, with the deep antiquity of the 
heaped ruins on which they lie, these 
monumental remains seem but the re- 
gister of yesterday. For what purpose, 
or when they were disturbed from their 
original destination, and arranged in 
their present order, are subjects of no 
easy conjecture. The only thing that 
appears for some years to have kept the 
place in any degree of notice with the 
modern Persians, is the manufacture of 
a superior sort of leather; but the very 
article of traffic proclaims the Jow order 
of population to which it has been aban- 
doned; and as 1 passed through tbe 
wretched, hovelled streets, and saw the 
once lofty city of Astyages, shrunk like 
a shrivelled gourd, the contemplation of 
such a spectacle called forth more sad- 
dening reflections than any that had been 
awakened in me on, ‘any former ground 
of departed greathess. ” Ih’some I had 
seen mouldering ponip, or sublime de- 
solation ; in this, every Object spoke of 
neglect, and hopeless poverty. Not 
majesty in stately ruin, pining to final 
dissolution on, the spot where it was 
first blasted; but beggary, scated on the 
place which kings had occupied, squalid 
in rags, and ‘stupid with misery. It 

was 


584 Sir Ry Ker Porter's Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, §e. 


was impossible to look’ on it*and not 
exclaim, ‘Oh! Eebatana,' seat “of 
princes! How is the miglity fallen, and 
the weapons of war’ perished!” Some 
attempts are indeed making, to dislodge 
thes :fiend of waste’ ‘and wretcheduess 
from this‘once nobte'city. Within these 
twelve “montlis ‘it has’ been created’ a 
royal government, and committed to 
the care of Mahmoud Ali Mirza, a son 
of the Shah’s. In consequence of this 
appointment, plans are now laying, to 
raise it to a more equal rank with other 
provincial capitals. Palaces for his 
royal highness, and mansions for his 
ministers, are erecting in the most de- 
sirable situations; and new bazars, with 
mercantile caravansaries, have had more 
than their foundations laid. 

At present it does not number more 
than nine thousand houses; one-third of 
which do not increase the revenue to 
the crown, three thousand of them being 
inhabited by persons in the employment 
of the state, who are therefore not in- 
cluded in the taxation of the town. The 
population is calculated at between 
forty and> forty-five thousand souls; 
amongst whom are about six hundred 
Jewish families, and nearly the same 
number of Armenians. 

TOMB OF ESTHER. 

The Jewish part of the inhabitants 
witly whom JT conversed, shook their 
heads at the history of the Judean tomb 
on the mountain, but entered with a 
solemn interest into the questions I put 
to “them, respectivg the sepulchre of 
Hstherand Mordecai; the dome roof of 
which risesover the low, dun habitations 
of the poor-remnant of Israel, still lin- 
gerifig?in’the land of their captivity. 
‘This ‘tomb is'regarded by all the Jews 
who yet’ exist in the empire, as a place 
of particular sanctity; and pilgrimages 
are still made to it'at certain seasons of 
the year, in the same’ spirit of holy pe- 
nitence with which in former times they 
turned their°eyes towards Jerusalem. 
Being desirous of visiting a‘place, which 

“Christians ‘cannot’ view ‘without: reve- 
rence, I sent to request that favour of 
the priest under whose care it is pre- 
served. He canie to me ‘immediately 
on my message, and® seemed: pleased 
with the respect manifested: towards the 
ancient people of his nation, in the man- 
ner with which T asked to be admitted 
to their shrine. 

T accompanied the priest through the 
town, over much ruin and rubbish, to an 
enclosed piece of ground, rather more 
elevated than any in ifs immediate vi- 


cinity. In the centre’ ‘was the Jewish 
tombs a square building of brick, of 'a 
mosque-like form, ‘witha ‘rather’ clon- 
gated’ dome at the top, Phe whole 
seems in a very decaying state p falling 
fast to the mouldéred condition of some 
wall+fra¢ments’ around, which; informer 
times, ‘had’ heen connected” with, “and 
extended the consequénee of the sacred 
enclosure, ‘Phe ‘door’ that admitted »ts 
into’ the tomb, is*in the ancient séptl- 
chral fashion of'the country; véry-saiall; 
consisting: of a-single” stone ‘of great 
thickness, and tarning onits own pivots 
from one side. Its ‘key’ as always in 
possession of the head of the Jews,'r¢- 
sident at Hamadan; and, doubtless, has 
been so preserved, from the time of the 
holy pair’s interment, when the yrateful 
sons of the captivity, wliose lives they 
had rescued from universal massacre, 
first crected a monament over the re- 
mains of their benefactors, and obeyed 
the ordinance of gratitude in* making 
the anniversary of their preservation; ‘a 
lasting memorial’ of Heayen’s niercy, 
and the just faith of Esther ‘and 

Mordceai. i saodw ovo 
The original structure, it is*saidy was 
destroyed at the sacking’ of the: place’ 
by Timour; and soon after’ that’ eatas- 
trophe, when the country became’ a' litte 
scttled, the present unobtrusive: building 
was raised on the original spot. “Cer- 
tain devout Jews of the city stoodto' the 
expense ; and about a hundred arid filty 
years ago, (uearly five hundred! after its 
re-erection,) it was fnlly repaired By a 

rabbi of the name of Ismael.) © 00 © 
On passing through the little portal, 
which we did in ‘an’ alimost'! doubled 
position, we entered a small arched 
chamber, in which’are seen the graves 
of several rabbis; probably, one may 
cover the remains of the pious Ismael; 
and, not unlikely, the others may ‘con- 
tain the bodiés of the first re-builders 
after the sacrilegious déstruction by 
Timour. Having “trod lightly by ‘their 
graves,” a second door of such very con- 
fined dimensions presented itself at the 
end’ of ‘this ‘vestibule,” we were. con- 
strained to’ enter it on our hands and 
knees; and then standing up, we found 
ourselves ina larger chamber, to which 
appertained the dome. Immediately 
uuder ifs concave, stand two sarcophagi, 
made of a very dark wood, carved with 
great intricacy of pattern, and richness 
of twisted ornament, with a line of in- 
scription in Hebrew, running round the 
upper ledge of each. Many other in- 
scriptions, in the same language, are cut 
on 


Sir R. Ker Porter's: Travels.in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, &c. 
b] 9 Sy 


on the walls; while.one,of the oldest 
antiquity, engraved) ou a, slab of white 
marble, 1s let into the wall itself. The 
priest.assured me; it, had.beenreseued 
from).the ruins. ofthe, first edifice, at,its 
demolition, by, the | Tartars;, and,..with 
the, sarcophagi,, themselves,.,,was.\ pre- 
served, onthe same consecrated spot. 

Hebrew-Inseription.of .« Marble Slab in 
the Sepulchre of Esther and Mordecai. 

Mordecai, -beloved and.honoured 
by anking, was great.and good. His 
garments were. as those of a sovereign, 
Ahasuerus, covered him) with this rich 
dress; and also, placed a golden chain 
around bis neck, |. 'Fhe.city of Susa re- 
joiecd. at. his| honours, and his high for- 
tune became the glory of the Jews.” 

The inscription which, encompasses 
the sarcopliagus.of Mordecai, is to this 
effect : x 

“Tt is said by.Dayid, preserve me, 
O,.God! I am now.,in thy presence, 
Lhaye.cried at the gate of Heaven, that 
thou. art my God; and what goodness 
I, have received: came from, thee, O 
Lord !, 

Those whose bodies are now beneath 

in. this,.earth, when animated by thy 
merey, were great; and whatever hap- 
piness was, bestowed upon them in this 
world, came. from thee, O God! 
» ‘Dheir grief.and sufferings were many, 
at.the first; ;but they became happy, 
beeause,they always called upon thy 
holy (name, in, their, miseries... Thou 
liftedst. me. up, and I became powerful. 
Thine enemies songht to destroy me, in 
the early times of my life; but the sha- 
dow. of thy hand was upon me, and 
covered me, asa tent, from their wicked 
purposes !—Mordecai.” 

The following is,a translation of the 
inseription carved round the . sarco- 
phagus of Esther, the queen. 

“1. praise thee, O. God, that. thou 
hast created me!, I know that my sins 
merit punishment, yet I hepe for merey 
at, thy hands; for whenever I call, upow 
thee, thou art, with me; thy holy.pre- 
sence secures me from all evil. 1 

. My heart is at.case, and my fear, of 
thee increases, My life became, through 
thy goodness, at the last full of peace, 

_0O,God! do not, shut my soul..ont 
from thy,diyine presence! Those whom 
thou loyest, never. feel ihe torments of 
hell. Lead me, O merciful, Vather, to 
the life of life ; that may be filled. wiih 
the heayenly fruits of paradise!— Esther,” 

, KANDAVAR. 

Kandavar, the ancient KoyzeGae, re- 
duced to a village, maintains something 

Montuty Maa, No, 370, ~ 


585 


of, prolonged.existence, by| preserving a 
name so. nearoin sound to its venerable 
appellation ,of ,antiquity,,.and shewing 
a few human; habitations, still mingling 
with the ruins of the past. The village 
consists/of about :three hundred: houses, 
most. of which occupy. the lofty emi- 
nence; so. long celebrated as having been 
the site, of a superb temple of Diana. 
That. the great goddess’ of Ephesus 
would find a host. of worshippers in 
Persia, besides its conquerors who built 
the temple, is very probable; since the 
Diana of the Greeks was the same sup- 
posed intelligence whom the Sabian cor- 
rupters of the Mitbratic faith deified 
under. the: name <Astarté, queen. of 
Heaven. The spot on which the temple 
stood, commands the whole vale, and, 
doubtless, was originally surrounded by 
a citadel. 

As soon.as [had settled my people in 
their quarters, I took Sedak Beg with 
me; and, accompanied by our host asa 
guide, set forth to minutely examine the 
ruins. The greatest part of the site of 
the ancient edifice is totally concealed 
from observation, by the modern houses, 
and hovels, built of its materials, and 
over its former platform. Some of thesé 
habitations, from the inequalities of their 
situations, are evidently erected on 
earth-covered heaps of the fallen temple, 
and others are crushed in between 
broken fragments of the causeway-like 
walls; but enough of the fine stone 
foundations are every where discernible 
to enable an investigating eye to trace 
the original form of the building. It 
must. have been quadrangular, and each 
face measures three - hundred. yards. 
The front, to the westward, is the most 
perfect; there, a considerable. part of 
the wall rises above the accumulated 
rubbish at its base ; the thickness of the 
fabric, towards its foundation, appearing 
not less than. thirty, feet ;\ a, structure; 
certainly, to. stand, the shock .of; time. 
I could not compass the eleyation ex- 
actly, but I should deem it to be nearly 
twenty feet. It,is built, of-large stones 
eut,in, regular; proportions ; and, not far 
from the edge-of. this magnificent, wall, 
runs: a, beautifully, executed’ cornice, 
which, formerly, ata foot’s height.above 
it, sustained) "a noble;.colonnade, cach 
column) being, distant; from each other 
ten feet. .The pedestals, of eight, are 
still surmounted by the ebief, part: of 
their/shafts; in.good preservation. The 
sonthem front (stood almost on the very 
verge of a, nearly, perpendicuiar ascent, 
which is. now . entirely. covered | with 

4h broken 


586 


broken columns, aud other vestiges. of . 


the most classic arehitecture ; besides 
the quantities which have rolled down 
the steep in huge masses upon the plain 
pencath ; indicating by their forms, that 
they are the fragments of what,must 
have been a yery majestic portico. .'To 
the eastward, isa continued Jine of solid 
foundation wall-work, as well as imnu- 
merable piles of broken pedestals, ca- 
pitals, &e. Our guide told me, that not 
longer than twelye months ago, an al- 
most entire column stood erect in this 
quarter, but the inbabitants of the 
village thonglit they had occasion for it, 
and, tumbling it dewn, carried away 
parts of the broken shaft to apply to 
their own purposes. 

The material of which these relies 
are composed, is a hard marble, of a 
blueish tint, elegantly marked with 
white veins. The style appears fo have 
been of the most majestic simplicity, 
no traces of ornamented friezes, or any 
other laboured involvement of decora- 
tion, being to be found any where. 

ROCKY PLATFORM OF BE-SITOON. 

This huge mass of crags, which rises 
so stupendously over our present quar- 
ters, from the spet where I stood to view 
its ancient chiselling, presents a nearly 
perpendicular face of fifteen hundred 
feet. The lower part of it (at Heaven 
knows how distant a time,) has been 
smoothed to a height of one hundred 
feet, and to a breadth of a hundred 
and fifty; bepeath, which projects a 
rocky terrace of great solidity, em- 
bracing, the same extent from end to 
end, of the smoothed cliff above, and 
sloping gradually ina shelving direction 
to the level of the ground below. Its 
base, to some Way up, is faced with large 
hewn stones; and vast numbers of the 
same, some in a finished and others ina 
progressive state, lic scattered about in 
every direction, evidently intended to 
build up, and complete the front perpen- 
dicalarly to Hs higher level. ‘The obser- 
vations I made on the several cleyated 
terraces on the smoothed mountain-base 
at Persepolis, lead me to think, that this 
unfinished projection from the rock was 
begun, not as a foundation for a palace, 
(which is the idea of the natives, and 
that Khosroo Purviz erecied it-for his 
beloved Shirene,) but as a platform fora 
temple; it being too circumscribed for 
the variously diverging apartments of 


the one, but amply sufficient for the’ 


usual space allotied 10 the other. ~ And, 
besides, EF should deem it of a date far 
anterior to the Sassauian monarch, 


Sir R. Ker Porter’s Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, &c. 


Amongst. these evident, materials for 
building some great structure, it is said 
that.no remuants of a columnar shape 
haye.cyer been found ; and a peculiarity 
so, singular,, in. a, country where the 
finest architectural fragments of, th sort 
are seen on almost every pe Ly to 
haye been an ancient site; might, proba- 
bly, suggest to, the, naliyves the. distin- 
guishing name. of Be-Sitoon “ without 
pillars,” Moat ag : 
Abont fifty yards from, this, rocky 
platform, more towards the bridge, and 
at the foot. of the mountain, bursts, a 
beautifully clear stream. Just oyer, its 
fountain-head, ona, broad, protruding 
mass of the rock, the remains of an im- 
mense piece of sculpture are still visible, 
but so lamentably defaced, that) it; is 
almost impossible to make out any, one 
continued outline, ‘The whole has beer 
contained in an enormously. extensive 
frame-work excavation, within which 
many now. shapeless, projections, are 
scen; but, by close, attention, parts of 
the rude forms of several colossal figures. , - 
may be traced. The most apparent, are 
seven in a range,, which haye formerly, 
stood out from the roek in something, 
more than bas-relief, and their hearded 
visages are tolerably distinct; but alt 
that is observable, shews that the. work 
has been done by the very, coarsest 
chizel. The principal cause of the ge- 
neral mutilation of this specimen of 1¢- 
mote antiquity, must have arisen from 
subsequent additions, without reference , 
to it, having been made on, the same 
spot. First, a large and deep tablet lias 
been excavated in the very middle of 
the sculpture, for the purpose of con- 
taining a Greek inscription; and, se- 
condly, a few years ago, this was almost 
entirely obliterated by another in. the 
modern character of the, country, re- 
lating to some royal grants for the road. 
The neighbourhood of fountains seems 
to haye been a favourite spot with the 
ancients, for places of seclusion, or, com- 
memorating ereetions, whether . they 
were temples, or monuments of any 
kind ; and the situation of thisstream, so, 
immediately under the great mutilated 
bas-relief on the rock, could not fail re- 
calling to. my recollection, a_ similar 
spring that gushes over the sloping cliff 
which sustains fhe mysterious tablets of 
Gunj Namhal, in the bosom of Orontes. 
Mr. Macdonald Kinnier, in bis. yalu- 
able, Geographical Memoir of the Per- 


‘sian Empire, makes an interesting no- 


tice of this fountain of the bas-relief, ia 
remarking on the sculpture itself. On 
the 


Sir R. Ker Porter's Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, §¢. 587 


the authority of Diodorus Siculus, he 
scems iuclined to atiribute the gigantic 
remains over the spring, to so distant a_ 
time as that of Semirainis ; aud, accord- 
ingly, he observes, ‘I shall confine my- 


self to a few remarks which occurred to” 
me whilst contemplating those’ wonder- 


ful monuments of antiquity. "We are 
informed ‘by Diodorus Siculus, that 
Semiramis, in her march to Ecbatana, 
encainped near a mountain ‘called 
Bagistan, in Media, where she made a 
garden twelye furlongs in compass, in 
a plain chainpaigu country, watered by 
a great fountain. “Mount Bagistan was 
dedicated to Jupiter, (the Ormuzd of 
the East,) and towards one side of the 
garden, it had ‘steep rocks, seventeen 
furlongs in hicight.. She cut out a picce 
of the lower part of the rock, and caused 
her image to be carved upon it, and a 
hundred of her guard, that were lance- 
teers, standing round her. 
likewise, in Assyrian Ictters on thé rock, 
that Semiramis ascended from the plain 
to the top of the mountain, by laying 
the packs ani fardles of the beasts that 
followed her, one upon another. This 
account (continues Mr. Macdonald 
Kitinier) willbe found to answer the de- 
scription of Be Sitoon in many par- 
ticulars. 


“VALLEY OF KERMANSHAH. 

The fertility of this extensive valley 
is truly beautifal in its whole stretch 
from the city of Kermanshah, to the 
town of Senna, the capital of Ardelan, 
the most southern district of Courdis- 
tan; and on the opposite direction, to 
the junction of the rivers Mori and 
Kara-sou, whose ample streams, with 
the addition of many others of less note, 
water this delicious garden. Such na- 
tural luxuriance could not fail, from the 
earlicst ages, attracting the sovereigns 
of the country to fix a palace of tempo- 
rary rest at Icast, in so charming a spot; 
and bence no doubt need subsist of its 
real claim to the reputation of haying 
been the occasional abode of all the 
pritices to which tradition gives it a pre- 
tension.’ ‘The extent of the Assyrian, 


ad Persian dominions, during different. 


eras; and the almost, constant progress 
of theif sovereigns from one province to 
auother, may well account for the nu- 
merous palaces and gardens, said to be 


built and planted by them, at what, to. 


us, may appear such unreasonably short 
distances, ‘ 
The present annual produce of this 
valley, ia grain of various kinds, is 
‘ye 7 « 1 
scarcely to be credited ; while its neigh- 


She wrote, . 


bouring fertile yales under the same 
prince-governor, must raise his revenue 
to the largest amount of any delegated 
authority in the kingdom. The calamity 
of famine, which a few years ago deso- 
lated’ the other proyinces, never touched 
this ; and the number of its population 
was consequently much increased dur- 
ing that great national affliction. Whole 
families emigrated from the vicinilies of 
Ispahan, Kashan, Koom, and other 
places, to find an asylum here from 
starvation. The distress was so dread- 
ful in many parts of the country, that 
motbers sold their grown-up daughters 
for a few mauns of wheat, to fecd their 
younger children pcerishing for want. 
The abundance of every necessary of 
life in this vale, may be imagined, when 
I mention that my own party consists of 
ten persons, twelve horses, with mules in 
proportion; and it does not cost me 
more than three reals per day, (about 
two shillings and sixpence,) to subsist 
the whole. Meat, butter, eggs, milk, 
bread, corn, straw, all were included in 
this triflmg sum, The greatest part of 
tle inhabitants are Courds, somewhat 
tamed down from their wandering 
mountain-habits, to become settlers in 
villages, and to till a land which amply 
rewards them. Yet, as [ intimated on 
ny arrival, they are not so thoroughly: 
weaned from their primitive ways, but 
that they gladly embrace cvery fair ex- 
cuse for getting under their black can- 
vass, even at no greater distance, from. 
their kishlock, or walled cluster of cot- 
tages, than a few hundred yards. |<. 
Their dress differs more in bre than in 
shape from that of the ordinary Per- 
sian; as we gencrally find that the com-_ 
mon people in every country, paying. 
more regard to climate and_conveni- 
ence than to any change of mode, wear 
much the same sort of apparel through. 
every age. Instead of the black, skin. 
cap of the Persian, the Courd has one of, , 
a whilish felt, pointed at the top, but, 
varying in height, . It has flaps sfalling 
over the ears, to, shelter them from ‘ihe 
mouutain cold, Ln winter, or in those 
keen higher regions, an additional gary, 
ment is worn, called.a Kadack 5 its forin 
is'that of a short, jacket, and its fabric 
and colgur the same with the cap, They 
scldom move without, a heavy pear- 
headed stick ‘Sn their, hands, and fre- 
quently are armed besides, with a trusty 
well-handled sword. Whether they live 
in villages or towns, (heir hearts yearn 
after all. that belongs to the open field ; 
the boldest spirits, for the foray and te 
spoil ; 


588 


spoil; and those -who,do,not object the 
prey without the chase, gladly embrace 
whatever, plunder .fortune., may, throw 
into, theirjhandsy.5.44 55, «3 bold 
The fair, sex.,of,the, Courdish race 
are generally,ofj,a, pale mahogany, hue, 
with ;veny fine features ; the nose usually 
aquiline, with cyes bright indeed,as the 
antelone’s, and, the whole; countenance 
expressive,of frank and amiable dispo- 
silions,; The,men have nothing) of that 
suspicion regarding their women which 
distinguish, the; Turks, and. Persians ; 
hence, their wives and daughters walk 
abroad in. the. security of innocence, 
without the great veilor chadre, . Their 
only appendage which ‘at; all resembles 
such a coyering, isa handkerchief hang- 
ing loose from. the: back. of the head, 
which at will they can pull, quite over 
ihe face, or allow it merely to shade the 
cheek. ; Their persons are enveloped in 
along blue garment shaped like a shift, 
and opening low down the bosom, where 
itis partially closed with loops fastened 
to buttons, usually formed of pieces of 
money ; an ornament which they affect 
in, profusion, . Their ears, too, are deco- 
rated, with large silver rings, running 
ihrough strings of the same. In the 
cottages, or at the tent doors, these wo- 
men appear without restraint ; and are 
as ready as any peasant girl in England 
to pay toa stranger the usual simple du- 
ties of hospitality., Modest when mai- 
dens,,and chaste, as wives, in every re- 
spect. they,,cullivate. those vigorous 
habits,in themselves, which produce an 
athleti¢;race, of children and set them a 
fearless, example. . ‘‘ Our boys are to be 
soldiers, (say, they,) and they must learn 
to bear, and to darevevery thing. We 
shew, them, the way,’ 
ailasl jeMAHMOUD ALI.MIRZA. 

«Whe fact of. the Shah, having nomi- 
pated Abbas Mirza, to be his successor, 
rather.than,, Mahmoud; Ali Mirza, the 
elder) brother, is, well, known ,to;every 
country ip} Europe, at,all interested in 
the affairs of this kingdom.,, ‘Lhe reason 
assigned tor the preference, is simply the 
diflerent.cireumstances.of their -birth; 
the mother. of the declaned heix, having 
been one of the legal queens.of the, king, 
and. also a daughter, of {be Kadjur,or 
royal tribe; whereas the; mother, of..the 
Prince of Kermapshah, was, ouly a con- 
cubine;, slave;, ) Bnot,..from. what. has 
already, passed, ,.we,,must.see that the 
scymetar is) likely; to; be; called upon 
hereafter, to write in blood the willsof 
Putteh Ali Shab. On the day fornaming 
the successor, all the royal . brothers, 


Sir R, Ker-Porter’s, Travels in Georgia, Persiay Armenia, &e. 


with; the “ministers ,and» great khans, 
were |present;) and) when: the: kitig: pre- 
sented, Abbas, Mirza; to them as: ithéir 
sovereign, every soul bowed thechead of 
submission, excepting: Mahmonds Ali 
Mirza; and-be told his royal father; ithat 
while. he! lived; he wouldoacknowledge 
no,other sovereign! than himselfijitben 
laying his hand ‘ou-his-sWord, ihe fadded 
sternly, “after: that;sthis oshall detide 
who is 4o be king of Persia.” ( jisijosd 
The -intrepidity.of| suc pfrankness 
marks the character ofithis printes:| tte 
is proud, ambitious; daring; aud:inyiu- 
cibly brave; but»heis despotic and se- 
vere, rather’ holding | the saffections) of 
thoseabouthinaby awe,thanattachment. 
His military taleuts;have been tried\on 
more than one oecasion;inconflicts with 
the troops of the/Pasha bf Bagdad > the 
results.of which have-shewn his powers 
for negociation: and» political intrighe, 
by the adyantages»to himself avhich he 
always derived) from these differences. 
Hehas now fixed atnibute onthe Pasha, 
and maintains.a sovereign inflnencelover 
all the considerablechiefs of that partof 
Courdistan, which\,appertaiits eto ithe 
pashalick, ‘Theiboldnessand command 
of such a character isivery'strikingsiand 
we see in it iron qualities}, well adaptel 
to the government of so; wildya country 
as the most part: of southern) Persia; 
power to! use, or to: holdin -ebeek; those 
predatory and turbulent:spitits which 
obey no law but theswordy:Batdliese, 
perhaps essential dispositions loccontral 
an almost determinately barbarous peo- 
ple. would crush the yrowing pragress 
of civilization in the/northern ‘partief the 
empire ; which requires the blatid infla- 
ence of gentleness, goodness;' liberality, 
and bravery wedded; to:mercy,'to foster 
that -country; into) what) it) promises. 
Aud between woisuch opposite charag- 
ters as those L have: just sk¢iched, the 
contest will lic.. Ube power of Mahmoud 
Ali Mirza, wheneverhe chodsesstaexert 
it,’ may -be ‘considered formidable, fiom 
the extent.and nature of the country un- 
der bis jurisdictions: Ltiembraces almost 
the wholesofithe Leuristan mountains, 
even soofar to! the: south-eastias where 
tlicy:mearly;toneb the head)ofidthe: Per- 
sian, Gulf;,and; bending round inthe 


dine of, ihe Ziloon. hills, ituineludes the 


provinee of Khuzistan » iwhence lit muns 
porth-westyy by»! Moutito:Zagros, 2) till 
bounded by the province of (Ardelar 5a 
part of Courdistan; under the nule:of the 
Waly of Senna. » Hamadan douches, it 
on the morth-east. »Andthus:itmay! be 
said to hold-withinitsinfluence two of the 

most 


Sir R. Ker Porter's Travels in 
most ancient caprtals'of the Persian‘eni- 
pire ;-Nebatan« of the Medesyand Sasa 
of Blam, or Snsianas | ‘Besides/from the 
numerous tiversowhich flow througly the 
extensive valleys-of these numerous dis- 
tricts;:this! may: be! esteemed the most 
productive;government in the kingdom’; 
frwitfallcimi every aliment of: life, and 
abundant ino life: itself) by producing 
multitudeszofi warlike tribes, Courdish, 
Bactiari, Fiebly;:&cJowho-are by “turns, 
hosbandimen; soldiers, or robbers. In 
the handsiof sucha princeas Mahmoud 
Ali; ‘these are formidable resources. 

02 DOS ORNTERS2IRAK ‘ARABI. 

'o Kanakee fs said to be a place of consi- 
derable anitiquity> "Tt may, indeed, be 
called ia little town’ its excent occupy- 
itigy tora considerable length, both sides 
of the river, whiclr is bere pretty broad, 
flowing ‘south-west, swith a’ handsome 
bridge: crossing its stream. » Delightful 
gardens’surround tlie:town'; and there, 
for the first time, Ibcheld the date-tree, 
with other treasures: of the’ vegetable 
world: indigenousto Arabia. We are 
mow, infact, entered on the: extensive 
revions ofifrak “Arabi; one of the most 
interesting: portionsoof the globe, and 
which vas also°one of the most fruitful. 
Vtiissso: éallede by ‘the: Persians, in dis- 
tinetion fromTrak Ajem; the wide divi- 
-sionof their.empire to the north-east of 
dhe faristretching Gacros ; and even the 
short distance we had travelled within 
its)botndary) presented'a material dif- 
ferences both tins the character of the 
coumry; and the aspect of its inhabi- 
aants.)(E:have already mentioned the 
variationjinits produce; and the people 
shewedi:as little similarity to the Per- 
sians, as liking to their persons. Jea- 
Jousy of ‘too :near neighbourhood, and 
detestation of their contrary creeds, may, 
perhaps, account forthe Sooneli natives 
of Irak Arabi, treating the Sheah sub- 
jects: of the Great King, withthe same 
absence eforespect) ‘that! the “common 
‘order‘of Turks bestow on Christian’ Eu- 
ropexns, whenever they dare shew) sach 
‘contempt with impunity.) It may notbe 
irrelevant: ‘to!*mention ‘here, that othe 
Soornch+ faith—is' that which’ ‘considers 
Othar’ or Othman, to have ‘been “the 
Jegitimate immediate successor in’ tlie 
caliphate, ior licad of the Mahoredan 
oharel; >to the ‘prophet’ himself ;) and 
this isthe ereed of the Turks or Otto- 
omans;) While» theo Sheah (looks upon 
Omar to: have beenva usurper of | the 
sacred throne; having wrested:it from 
Alt, the son-in-law, and first disciple of 
tlie prophet, and whose attested rizht to 


Georgia, Persia, Armenia, §c. 589 
the siipremacy was sealed with his own 
bl6od and thatofhis son Hossein. The 
Persiaris are of this faith; buttulerant 
to those of a different’ opinions while 
their advérsarics'denounce on them, the 
fiostnnequivocal condemuation. 

“But to Fetura to the beautiw" banks 
of) the °Diala; and * their ‘inhabitawts. 
The dréss ‘of these “people, a mixture 
of Courdish: Arabian; and? Parkish: 
consisting of ‘large flattened turbans, 
lone white. trowsers, and “wide ‘ample- 
sleeved kaftans bound round the waist 
with a piece of linen, or silk of various 
colours, in which’ they’ stick a‘ large 
crooked knife. * Such were the persons 
who appeared from the town, but we did 
notthen enterit, rather taking up our qnar- 
ters in an excellent khaun: the most spa- 
cious, indeed, I had seen on either side 
of the Zagros. Close to it flowed a 
clear stream ; the usual’ object. of our 
idolatry, after one of these hot anid:dusty 
rides. ‘ 

PESTILENTIAL WINDS. 1! | 

Oct. 9.—My people were. still ‘too ill 
to-day to give any signs of speedy amend- 
ment; and in order to while away my anx- 
icty in this untoward detention, I sent for 
the master of the khaun, to: make some 
enquiries respecting the country and its 
inhabitants. He told me; ’ that ‘they 
consider October the first month of their 
autumn, and feel it delightfully cool in 
comparison with July, August; “and 
September; for that; during forty days 
of the {wo first-named Summer months, 
the hot wind blows fron {he désert, and 
its effects are often’ destructive.’ Tts 
title is very appropriate, being” called 
the Samiell or Baude Semoon, ‘the pes- 
tilential wind. It does not come in 
continued long currents, but if gusts at 
different intervals, each blast lasting 
several minutes, and passing along with 
the rapidity of lightning. “No one’ dare 
stir from their houses while! this invisi- 
ble flame is sweeping over the face of 
the country, | Previous t6-its approach, 
the atmosphere’ becomes ‘thick and suf- 
focatine, and; ‘appearing ‘particularly 
dense near the horizon, gives sufficient 
warning of the’ threatened’ mischief. 
Thouh hostile'to humaii life, it'is ‘so far 
from being prejudicial to the vegetable 
creation, that’ a continuance’ of the 
Samicll tends'to' ripen the fruits. I cn- 
quired what becante of the cattle daring 
such a plague;'and’was’told they  scl- 
dom were? touched (by it.’ Tt ‘seems 
strange: that°thei lungs should be so 
perfectly insensiblé to what scems in- 
stant destruction to the breath of an 


590 
but so it is, and they are re larly driven 
down to water at the ia 

of day, even wher the fasts are at the 
severest, The people; Who attend thiem 
are obliged to (Plaster ‘their own faces, 
and other par ts of the ‘body usually ex- 
pon to the’. air, With a sort of muddy 
clay whit hs in general protects them 
from its most. jnalignant eflects. . "The 
periods: of the wind’s blowing are ge- 
nerally from. noo till sun-set ; they 
cease almost entirely during the night; 


und the direction of the gust is alway “ 


from the north-east. When it has 
passed over, a sulphuric and indeed 
Joathsome smell, like putridity, remains 
for a long time. The poison which 
occasions this smell, must be deadly ; 
for if any unfortunate traveller, too fir 
from sheltcr, meet the blast, he falls 
immediately ; aud, in a few minutes his 
flesh becomes almost black, while both 
it and his bones at once arrive at so 
extreme astate of corruption, that the 
smatlesl moyement of the body would 
separate the one from the other. When 
we, listen to these accounts, we can 
easily understand how the Almighty, 
in Whose hands are all the instruments 
of nature, to work even the most mira- 
culous effects, might, by this natural 
agent of the S$ Samicll brought from. afar, 
make it the brand of death. by which the 
destroying angel wrought the destrne- 
tion of the ariny of Sennacherib. Mine 
host also told, me, that, at. the com- 
mencement of November the nights 
begin,.to be ke en; and then the people 
remove their beds from their airy and 
star-lit cunopics at the tops of their 
houses, fo the chambers within; a dull, 
but comfortable exchange when the 
winter ady ances, the cold being fre- 
quently at an excess to, freeze the sur- 
face of the water in their chamber-jars ; 
but almost as soon as the sun rises, it 
turns to its liquid state again, 
ARRIVES AT BAGDAD. 

A stravger arriving from Irak Ajem, 
into this renowned capital of Trak Arabi, 
cannot fail being instantly struck, with 
the marked difference between, the pco- 
ple before him,, and those he left north 
of the, mountains, "There, the yesture 
was simple and close, though Joug, with 
a plain-hilted knife stuck in the girdle, 


and the bead of the wearer covered wath : 


a dark cap, of sheep-skin, Here, the 


outer garment is. ample and flowing, | 


the turban high and superbly, folded, 


and the costly, shawl, round. jhe Waist, 


additionally. ornamented with a richly 
embossed dagger. _ With personages in 


indty times: 


Sir R, Ker Porter's, Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, 5c. 


every, variety of this "Bagdad fi costume, 
I saw the ase of Bagdad filled on my 
entrance. omettolig® tarbans cof all, 
lnies, pelisses, ‘and Vests, of silk, palin, 
and cloths, it ted, blue, green, Ke 
of every shade and fabric, ‘clot ie a the 
motley groupes who: appeared, “every 
where ;, some slowly, movitig along the 
streets, others scaled Gros: legged 

the ground, or mounted on "hotince te by, 
a es side, . Sipping their collee,. 5a 


thems PS ees pat bd sai ie 
but recollect Twas now in: the fare. 
famed city of the Caliphs, the capilal o of 
Haroun-al-Raschid, through’ whose Tee 
mote avenues he and his faithful vizie\ 
used to wander by wight, in disguise ; 
to study the characters of lis subjects, 
and to reign with justice.” 

The outward fashion of the. houses’ 
bore an aspect new to me in the Bast. 
They are built in different stories, with 
withteer openings thickly latticed ; whic h 
style giving them an European | appear- 
anec, £ felt a kind of welcoming | old. 
arqnaintanceship jn looking, at them 3 
that, perbaps, made me prefer, th ir 
height hefore the low Asiatic dwellings” 
I had left. in Persia. “In proceeding 10, 
Mr. Rich’s house, the point Whither we 
were moving, we crossed through part 
of the great bazar. It was. crowded 
with people, and displayed every kind 
of Asiatic commodity for traffic. “Num- 
berless coffee-bouses, intermingled with 
shops, were, arrange “d, on eac hh ‘side 5 all 
of which, Were. well- stored with, silent 
and smoking cuests, seated i in rows like 
so. Many painted automatons, There 
was a rustling sound of -slippered fect, 
antl silken carmeuts, and a low mono. 
tonous ium from so numerous a hive; 
but nothing like the brisk, abrupt. moyc- 
ments, and clamorous noises of a Persian , 
assemblage of the same sort, _ Yet, aS. 
all present were not of, tlie tac turn) Na 
tion; Jews, Armenians, and, cven some 
of the great king’s subjects, mln ling in, 
tlie exchange of commerce 3a ‘ino 
the swell of aman Voices augmented 
a little; ‘but take it in) general, ii 

the 


Sir R. Ker Porter's Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, §c. 


the mysterious crier who. called - the, 
enchanted merchandise of the fair 
Parabonoo, € a 
thei, his sonorous proclamation would 
have been. audibly heard over the usu- 
ally low murmuring sounds | from the 
company, atJarge.. 

hf city of ‘Bagdad (now to be re- 
garded as the capital of Assyria and 
Babylonia !y is the residence of the 
Pasha; and, according to the character 
of the man who fills that, station, pro- 
ceeds a temporary, independence of the 
pashalick,. or its continued subjection to 
the ubiime Porte. Being, so distant 
from. the seat of the Ottoman empire, 
thie sovereign can seldom stretch his 
hands so far, as to have any substantial 
control over -his delegate; and, when 
either Persia. or the "Arabs chuse to 
annoy the pashalick, ifs defence is usu- 
ally left to the ways and means of the 
deputed governor, 

Dowd. (David) the present pasha, 
who holds the mace of, deputed dignity 
over this far-eastern boundary of the 
Oftoman power, like many of the 
Moslem princes, was originally a slave. 
He isa native of Tiflis, and was sold 
when very young, with several compa- 
nions in captivily, to one of his prede- 
cessors, in the rank he now holds. His 
sce arécly formed Christian faith easily 
changed to the profession of Mahome- 
tanism;‘and, as he grew towards man- 
hood, ‘te became one of the Georgian 
guards attendant on the person of “the 
Pasha, of Bagdad, This was a step to 
fuldre trast and honours, to which his 
address. and. talents introduced him ; 
and when his master met his melancholy 
fate, tle accomplished Georgian found 
sufficient influence with the divan to 
get himself nominated his successor. 

A day or two after my arrival at the 
residence, of Mr. Rich, he accompanied 
me to the palace, where I was to be 
presented in due form to this almost 
independent viceroy. The state he 

assumed was perfectly that of a soye- 
reign, ‘prince. Tn himself, his’ manners 
were ‘pleasing, his person rather hand- 
some, with an intelligent and parti. 
enlirly “urbane countenance. On his 
Jeariiitig, that I had passed: through 
Gedrgia in my way to his capital, the 
feelings of natttte took place of princely 
cetciionies in his heart. He questioned 
mé repeatedly on the present state of 
the country; on ifs lope of lasting tran- 
quillily, and consequent welfare ; ‘and as 
repeatedly cx pressed his #reat pleasure 
ja the answers I made, Which described 

» 
v 


then appeared amongst, 


59% 


the prosperity and, comfort it enjoys 
under. the Russian, government. He 
then, told me, that his father, mother, 
and brothers, lived in Tiflis; and asked, 
““if he were to write, to the Russian g0- 
vernor of Georgia, recommending his 
family to that illustrious person’s espe- 
cial protection, did I think it would he 
attended to?” Isaid, ‘‘ Doubtless; the 
heart of General Yarmolofl was too 
good, not to be reacly, of itself, to dis- 
pense kindness; but I was sure he 
would be particularly delighted in any 
opportunity of redoubling his attentions 
tu the pasha’s family; and, above all, 
gratified at receiving a Ietter from so 
distinguished a prince.’ All epistolary 
communication between the great of 
these countries being accompanied by a 
present, his highness proposed to me, 
sending a particularly fine shawl to the 
Russian general; but, in consideration 
of his intended correspondent being a 
celebrated military character, I took the 
liberty to recommend a sword. On this 
suggestion, the pasha commanded, that 
several of the best should be, brought 
hefore him ; out.of which, at his request, 
I chose what I esteemed the most va- 
luable, and that was one of liltle ex- 
terior ornament, but with a blade well 
adapted to a soldier’s hand. Ifs temper 
and beauty conld not be exceeded in 
any country. Our entertainment in the 
saloon of this Turkish chicf, differed in 
some respects from the like hospifable 
ceremonies in the courts of , Persia. 
Soon after taking our seats, which he 
did on our entrance, and opposite to the 
pasha, small portions of sweetmeats 
were presenied to us on the end of a 
gold spoon; which was replenished from 
a golden saucer, held by an attendant 
in one hand, while he thus: appeared to’ 
feed us with the other. That over, 
silken towcls were spread on our knees, 
and coffee served. — ‘These napkins were 
then changed for niuslin, finély embroi- 
dered; aid sherbert, in CoNtly little ¢ cups, 
given us to drink, "This Vight regale 
being fi finished, our rivht Wands’ received 
from a silver ewer, a profase ablation 
of rose-water, which’ ‘His highness set us 
the example ‘of; bestowinig’ “plentifally 
on theheard and mustachios. | Tu order 
to, accomplish our perfect fragrance, a 
kind’ of censer, filled with’ Hill’ sorts of 
ardmatic’ guns, was held’ by’ another 
attendant for a’ few scconds near our 
chins; the exqnisite exlialations of 
which were Gatefully wafted by our 
hands oyer our faces, till the perfume, 
uniting itself with the essence of rase, 
insinuated 


592 Sir R. Ker Porter's Travels in 
insinuated its delightful odours through 
all the rough appends of our un- 
shaven visages. Tere was, the actual 
ceremony performed upon. us, after 
eating, which Ihave described as senlp- 
tured on the walls of the banqueting 
chamber, in the palace of Persepolis. 
There a group of persons are seen, “one, 
holding a sort of censer, evidently in- 
tended for burning perfumes, while in 
the other hand he carries a vessel re- 
sembling a pail; probably to contain 
the aromatic gums. ‘The man who fol- 
lows him, bears a little bottle set in the 
palm of his right hand, and in the left 
he holds a picee of linen or towel:” we 
eannot doubt that all this apparatus was 
to perform the cleansing rite we had 
just gone through. The saloon in which 
we were received, exhibited no gaudy 
variety of ornament; and those in at- 
tendance, both in demeanour and ap- 
parel, were in unison with its cleanli- 
ness and simple furniture. Most of 
these persons, for they were numerous, 
appeared to be Georgians; a regular 
garde de corps, amounting to several 
hundred well-looking young men of 
acknowledged bravery and talent, 
having been the long-established house- 
hold battalion of the pashas of Bagdad. 
Tt_is from this body that their favourite 
ministers are usually chosen; and too 
often the ambitions servant manifests 
his gratitude to his master, by engaging 
in intrigues to displace him from his 
authority, or to remove him to a better 
world; that he may, for a bricf while, 
seat himself on the same slippery chair 
of state! 
THE TIGRIS AND EUPHRATES. 

The Tigris varies as much in the ra- 
pidity,,«s in the depth of its stream, 
hoth being governed by the periodical 
waters. that rush from the mountains of 
Armenia, where its sourees are about 
fifty miles north-west of the valley of 
Diarbeker. It flows thence, with a 
swiltness that. gave it the ancient 
Persian name of Zeer or Tir, the arrow, 
which is descriptive of its course. ‘The 
average rate of its current is about 
seven knots an hour. Its first swell 
takes place in April, and is produced 
by the melting of ihe winter snows in 
the mountains; its second appears to- 
wards the close of Octuber, or the be- 
ginning of Noyember, and rises imme- 
diately after the annual rains in those 
high regions, But it is only during the 
spring torrents, that a complete. inun- 
dation coyérs the land, and. the city of 
Bagdad stands like a castellated island 


Georgia, Persia, Armenia, Sc. 

in the midst of a boutidless sea. This 
mighty flood does not, however, owe all 
its waters: to the Tigris; those of ‘the 
vaster Buphtates, which flow algo’ from 
Artienia, having receiyed their’ super- 
abundance about ‘the beginning of 
March, continue inéreasitis in elevation 
ti the end of April; at whieh ‘period, 
the river being atits highest pitch, ¥e- 
Mains so until the expiration’ of Julies 
and, during that tine, having spread ifs 
welcome waters to meet the overflowing 
Tigris, hoth united cover the surromd- 
ing country, west, east, and south, to 
beyond the reach of sight. Soon after 
they have subsided, spots, which at this 
season flourish only partially, become 
enriched to an amazing Juxurianee. 
Herodotus, speaking of the fertility ‘of 
Babylonia, ascribes it to the influence 
of the river; bat remarks, that it does 
not, like the Nile, enrich the’ soil by 
overflowing its banks}; the dispersion of 
the waters, he adds, being produced by 
manual labour. Rather, we might'say, 
held in check by that means ; for, doubt- 
less, the perfect state of the numerous 
canals, now in ruins, or totally ost, 
would regulate the diffasion “more 
within the limits of what might be 
called voluntary irrigation ; and “when 
the water is very low, it has always’ been 
raised to use by machines on its banks. 
The Euphrates, or Phrat, is’a’ much 
more magnificent stream than the Tigris, 
flowing in a more abundanf, circuitous, 
and majestic course, from its Sources in 
Armenia, through a length of ehannet 
estimated at fourteen thousand miles.” 

CLIMATE OF BAGDAD. 

The latitude of Bagdad, from the 
mean observations taken by Mr. Rich 
and others, is 33° 19! 40”; and the lon- 
vitude east of Greenwich, 44° 44’ 45", 
The climate, im general, has the advan- 
tage of parts of Persia, in not being 
variable in such violent extremes; but 
then its warmest months are certainly 
insufferable, from the abiding effects of 
the forty days’ prevalence’ of the’ 'con- 
suming samicll. At that: season, the 
thermometer frequently mounts in the 
shade, from 120 10 140 degrees of heat, 
according to Fahrenheit. | Hence itmay 
easily be conceived that’ winter is! the 
most genial season here ; and the’ inha- 
bitants teil’ me, that the air’ thet’ be- 
comes soft, and of the most ‘delightful 
salubrity; particularly, they say, from 
the fifteenth of November to about’ the 
middle of January. At’ present; to- 
wards the latterend of October; while I 
am writing, the skirts of the’ ‘withering 

blast,” 


Sir R, Ker Porter's Travels.in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, &c. 


last,” seem tobe yet hovering ovenus; 
she heat.standing at,90, and, has, been 
trom that. to 93, on an average, ever since 
my-arriyal.,.. When the NeahaRproad es 
ten. degrees beyond this point, the, inha- 
bitants betake themselyes,to the nefuge 
of,certain, arched apartments called the 
Zardaub; constructed deep ia.the foun- 
dations, of the house, .for this very pur- 
pose: ,From, their situation, they can 
have.no,windows ; thercfore catch, their 
glimpse of daylight.as it may, glimmer 
through, the;.doors, from, the, chambers 
aboye,,... Thin matting supplics.the place 
ofscarpets, and, every precaution, and 
methods pursued that,can bring cool- 
ness. to;these.sloomy,abodes.; where the 
chief partof the natives.of Bagdad pass 
the,whole of, the,suliry day, while the at- 
mosphere. without .retains its..more 
scorching fires.;, Atsun.set, cach family 
issues,.from their subterranean shelters, 
and,ascending to the, top.of the house, 
take, theirevening repast bencath the 
arch; of; heaven.,;,.And under.the same 
free, canopy,,..“‘fanued, by tepid airs,” 
they, spread, their, bedding. along the 
variously disposed divisions of the roof ; 
whose uregular forms are so. contrived, 
fo catch, every zepbyr’s. breath that 
passes.,,.Jn these.elevated apartments, 
the «natives repose, until the close of 
Oetober;; at which, time the days be- 
come comparatively.cool; and sudden 
blasts blowing up during the night, from 
the, north, and. south-east, render sleep- 
ingein, the, open, air, chilling and dan- 
gerous., Hence, at these nocturnal hours, 
the.good people, begin. to nestle into the 
warm corners within.the house; but dur- 
iug the.day,, they; describe the atmo- 
sphere, to be every thing that is cclestial; 
so clear, so, balmy, so inspiriting, as to 
yield;suflicicnt excuse to the great mo- 
narehs of Persia, for, deserting the arid 
regions, ef their own kingdom at this 
season, to, take up.a temporary abode in 
the salubrious gardens of Amyites, |. 
f efoolip CUSTOMS, IN BAGDAD« aad 
.» From, some, sad warp: in the present 
goverpment, hardly.a year clapses with- 
ont making an, apparent necessity, under 
the. plea of apprehended , scarcity and 
consequent; dumults, for driving, some 
handreds of, the poor inhabitants, from 
within, the walls, to seck their bread, on 
chance; beyond them, That such fears 
are not gronudless, is certain; want, of 
grain creating high prices, and high 
prices, exciting famishing poverty to 
despair and revolt. Such scarcity arises 
from two, causes, Kirst, oppression in 
excessive taxation on the husbandman, 
Monroy Mac. No. 870. 


' 


593 


by, robbing him, of ,its fruits, paralyses 
his industry ; and, relaxing bis labours, 
less, corn, is grown, less profit is pro- 
dueed to the revenue; exaction then 
comes in. the place of due, payment: and 
the peasantry, driven to desperation, 
abandoning their villages, seek employ- 
ment in the city. There the defalcation 
of grain makes itself speedily known ; 
and the new ingress of claimants renders 
the want more apparent eyery. hour. 
To obviate this difficulty, the summary 
measure is resorted ‘to of annually 
banishing the most miserable of the in- 
habitants; to starve in the desert, to 
wander to the mountains; or, abiding 
nearer home, to league themselves with 
robbers, and support themselves and 
families by plundering and murder. 

We sce poverty and distress in the 
Christian countries of Europe; but we 
must come to the East to witness the 
one endured without pity, and the other 
only noticed to have fresh aflictions 
heaped upon it. Ido not mean to say, 
that there are not amiable exceptions to 
this remark ; but where charity is not a 
leading principle of duty, the selfisliness 
of human nature readily turns from the 
painful or expensive task of sympa- 
thising with the miserable. General 
hospitality, and universal benéyolence, 
arise from totally different motives; and 
are, often, as completely distinct ‘in 
their actions. The one is bestowed on 
grounds of probable reciprocity of be- 
nefit; the other, when not cofnmanded 
by religion, can only arise from:the com- 
passion of adisintcrested heart. ‘Hence, 
though we find individual instanées of 
this species of beneyolence in all’ coun- 
tries, it is only where Christianity pre- 
vails, that care of the poor fs practisedas 
a national concern. In the midst of the’ 
scenes just described, acting within and 
without the walls of Bagdai,’ luxury 
grows, as rankly round the rich, as in 
the most prosperous cities; aid the ex5 
pences lavished on “singing-men, ‘and 
singing-women,” brought from afar, are 
equally enormous. ‘The ladies of’ Bag- 
dad, in particular, appear to be singu- 
larly, inclined, to festivity; and their as- 
scmblies, like those of our own country- 
women, are, generally held during the 
Jater hours of the twenty-four. “They 
usually mect, by invitation, at the harem 
of some one of the wives of the chicf 
officers of state ; where due care has been 
taken to provide the best female 
dancers, singers, and musicians, that the 
city affords; and thither, abont sun-set, 
the seyeral hidden gcuésts assemble, in 

Te the 


594 Sir R. Ker Porter's Travels.in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, &c. 


the most lovely groups’ of youth and 
beauty, attended by ' their’ serving-wo- 
men bearing their narquillies ; a sort of 
hooker or kalioun, of which ‘even: the 
most delicate: of the’ fair sex. in’ these 
countries are remarkably fond. Before 
I proceed with the details of the enter- 
tainment, it may not be amiss to stop, 
and describe the dresses of the ladies, 
in the customary style of drawing-room 
paraphernalia. 

Women of the first consequence here 
go about on ordinary occasions on foot, 
and with scarcely any attendants; it 
being the etiquette to avoid, when in 
public, every striking distinction of ap- 
pearance. In compliance with this 
fashion, all the fair sex of the city, high 
and low, walk abroad in the blue- 
checked chadre; its folding drapery hay- 
ing no other mark of an august wearer, 
than a few gold threads woven into its 
border, Tnstead of the white towel-like 
veil of the Persians, these ladies conceal 
their faces behind a much more hideous 
mask ; a black stuff envelope of horse- 
hair. ‘The liberty they possess, of pay- 
ing visits without the surveillance of -a 
male guard, and under these impenc- 
trable garbs, are privileges perhaps too 
friendly {o’a licence their husbands do 
uot intend. So much the reverse is the 
case with Persian women of rank, they 
hardly move but on horseback, and es- 
corted always by trains of eunuchs, and 
other trusty vigilants. 

When the fair pedestrians of Bagdad 
issue from bekind their clouds, on enter- 
ing their own apartments, or those of the 
ladies they go to visit, dresses are dis- 
played’ in ‘every group, of the most 
gorgeous magnificence ; for it may ea- 
sily: be conceived, that rivalry with re- 
gard to personal charms, and graceful 
habiliments, flourishes amongst the 
belles of an’ Eastern harem, as gaily as 
with’ those of af’ European ball-room. 
The wives ‘of the higher classes° in 
Bagdad are usually selected from the 
most beautiful gitls that can be obtained 
from’ Georgia and Circassia; and; to 
their natural charms, in like manbner 
with their captive sisters’ all over ihe 
East, they add the fancied embellish- 
ments of painted ‘complexions, hands 
and feet dyed with henna, and their hair 
and eye-brows stained with the rang, or 
prepared indigo-leaf. \ Chains ‘of ‘gold, 
and collars of pearls, with various or- 
naments of precious stones, decorate the 
upper part of their persons, while solid 
bracelets of gold, in shapes resembling 
serpents, clasp their wrists and aneles. 


Silver and golden tissued mutslins, not 
only form \their ‘turbans, but frequently 
their undergarments,» Insummer, the 
ample pelisse is»made ofthe mast 
costly shawl; and, in cold weather, lined 
and‘ bordered) with) the -choicest,| furs. 
The dress is:altogetlier very becoming ; 
by‘its easy folds, and glittering, transpa- 
reney, shewing a fine: shape. to.advan- 
tage, without the immodest exposure of 
the open vest of the Persian ladies... The 
humbler females generally move abroad 
with faces totally unveiled, hayingy/a 
handkerchief rolled round) their beads, 
from beneath which ‘their’ hair hangs 
down over their shoulders; while another 
piece of linen passes ander their chin, in 
the fashion of the Georgians.|) Their 
garment is’) a gown of>a shift) form, 
reaching to’ their ankles, open before, 
and of a grey colour. ‘Their’ feet: are 
completely naked» Many of the very 
inferior classes. stain their bosoms) with 
the figures of circles, half.moons, stars, 
&e. ina bluish stamp. In this barbaric 
embellishment, the poor damsel of Trak 
Arabi has one point of vanity resembling 
that of the ladies of Irak Ajem. - The 
former frequently adds >this. frightfal 
cadaverous hue to her lips; and, to com= 
plete the savage appearance, thrusts'a 
ring through her right nostril, pendent 
with a flat button-like ornament, set 
round with blue or red stones. 
THE RUIN OF AKARKOUFF. 

I lost no time in making arrangements 
for visiting the eminence, called that; of 
Akarkouff, The late successes of the 
Arabs, having emboldened them to ad- 
vance in plundering parties, even to the 
walls of the city, it had: become dan- 
gerous to go to the smallest distance 
without a guard ; I therefore set. off on 
this my first expedition to explore: the 
colossal relics of these Titan regions, 
with an adequate escort, besides the 
good company of the two gentlemen 
attached to Mr. Rich’s mission: We 
erossed the bridge of the Tigris to its 
western shore; and again traversing that 
Jarge suburb, with the stiil more exten 
sive remains of old Bagdad beyond the 
walls, our party took a north: west direc- 
tion over the plain, towards the point of 
my present curiosity ; which lay at seve- 
ral miles’ distance. | The tract of coun- 
try we passed over this morning isregu- 
tarly overflowed by the waters of: the 
river ; and many spots were left not-yet 
dried ‘up, of an expanse wide enough to 
be called Jiitle Jakes. ‘The soil, conse- 
quently, even under neglect, is» very 
rich ; while the endless intersecting re- 

mains 


Sir R. Ker Porter's Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, &c. 


mains‘of {he numerous canals, which, in 
‘former days, conveyed away the super- 
fluous ‘waters from the whole land:of 
Shinar, show the great care of the an- 
‘cient inhabitants to cultivate the ground 
“to! the cutmost) power of: husbandry. 
Near ‘to ‘these broken’ ‘embankments, 
‘vise ‘mounds of higher elevation; mark- 
ing, nodoubt, the sites of the villages, 
‘once “inhabited. by: these industrious 
peasantry, who wrought on those banks, 
aud ‘in the fields now abandoned to the 
desert, 

Phe pile to which we were directing 
our steps, is called) by the Arabs Ted/ 
Nimrood, and: by the: Turks Nemrood 
Tepassé, both of which appellations 
mean the Ziill, not, as some would traus- 
late them, the tower of Nimrod. ‘The 
term Akarkouff, given by the Arabs, is 
intended: to signify the ground only 
around it; and the word, having no dis- 
linet: meaning in the Arabic language, 
most probably was the name of some 
ancient city of the Babylonians, long 
ago disappeared. 

On arriving at’ the huge pyramidal 
mass which appeared in the center of 
this tract, we found it standing upon a 
gently gradualelevation, ascending from 
the perfect level upwards of sixty yards. 
'Phis'apparently foundation-hill, though 
in favt only a collection of rubbish round 
the pile itself, consists of loose sandy 
earth, ‘intermixed “with fragments of 
burnt brick; pottery, and a kind of hard 
clay partially vitrified. . Lmeasured one 
ofthe baked bricks that was nearly en- 
tive ; itformed a square of twelve inches, 
in thickness two and three quarters, and 
was’ of an excessively hard substance. 


No- characters whatever were traceable _ 


on this specimen, nor on any of the 
fragments we saw. From the gentle 
elevation: just described, rises an enor- 
mous: solidly-built. mass, crowning. it 
like a rock, and coimposed entirely, of 
sun-dried brick, | Its present irregular 
shape, worn away by time, and furrowed 
by the rain of ages, leaves no. possibility 
of doing more than conjecturing its.ori- 
ginal form, Its sides face the cardinal 
points... Neither mounds nor, avy. rub- 
bish of ancient decay, track its. more 
distant vicinity,in any direction. except 
tothe Hast, where, not many paces from 
the foot of the Tepessé, a couple of ex- 
tensive and high; heaps of ruins, com- 
posed, of the same materials with those 
of their, more gigantic, neighbour, vany 
the perfect flat of the plain, The height 
of the, 'T'epessé, from, the summit of the 
gradual. slope, from which the sore 


595 


ponderous fabric shoots upwards, to the 


towering irregular top of the whole, may 


be about -a hundred and ‘twenty-five or 
thirty feet; and its circumference at the 
bottom of this upper structure, is three 
hundred feet; which huge pile, at about 
ten feet in a perpendicular line from its 
base, measures a hundred feet, in. the 
breadth of its. face... Prom its founda- 
tion, and the whole way. up to. its, sum- 
mit, the different layers. of sun-dried 
brick or clay, of which it is composed, 
may be traced. with great. precision. 
But the several,courses vary so much.in 
height, that some are twelve, others 
eighteen, or twenty. feet; while every 
brick in each layer of the course is 
united to its neighbour by a thin lining 
of pure slime; no other cement what- 
ever being visible ; though each horizon- 
tal division between these courses. is 
marked by a.stratum of reeds, similar to 
those which at-present grow all over the 
marshy parts of the plain. They bed 
every fifth or sixth Jayer of brick, to\a 
thickness of two inches, lying regularly 
one over the other, unmixed with any 
other substance ; and, as the adjacent 
part of the bricks gradually. crumble 
away, these strata project from: the sur- 
face,-and are very distinguishable at a 
considerable distance. Their state of 
preservation is indeed wonderful ;. the 
only apparent difference, between them 
and the gathered growth of the. present 
year, seeming to be, that these, of so, re- 
mote a harvest are of a darker hue, I 
drew a large quantity out, and: found 
many of them two feet. in length, . It 
does not appear that, in constructing 
these sun-dried bricks, any straw was 
mixed with the fabrick;. and;in,.exa- 
mining various. fragments, of ,,,burnt 
brick, I sought.in vain, for, a morsel .of 
bitumen. The whole, of this,,curious 
pile seems to be solid, excepting where 
certain square perforations,, going , di- 
rectly through, must intersect each 
other in the heart of the, building,.and 
were, probably, intended to | preserve it 
from damp, by. the constant, succession 
of free air.) | There,is also; on its, north- 
ern face (which is nearly perpendicular,) 
and at a, considerable elevation from the 
hase, an opening, ofan, oval. form, rather 
larger than a common-sized window; 
butit does not penetrate farther into the 

pile. than six, or eight feet. | 
From, the; ;ajready, mentioned ruins 
and mounds near.to the Tepessé, some 
traces of a former-city are certainly ap- 
parent; and the scripture account of the 
establishment.of Nimrod in this country, 
gives 


596. Sir Ri Ker Porter's Travels.in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, Se. 


gives authority for seeking in At, the re- 
mains; of several places! of that \conse- 
quence,’ besides those .of the great capi- 
tal,. ‘The words are these, from Genesis, 
“ And the beginning of his kingdom was 
Babel; |,and; Brech, and Accad, “and 
Calneh,in-the land-of. Shinar.” | Hence, 
we may /find, one here; and the third 
name: in the; above; enumeration seems 
not.very dissimilar to that of Akarkouff. 

Ammense pyramidal piles, like this of 
the 'Fepessé Nemrood, at Akarkouff, 
seem to be peculiar marks by whicii we 
may discover the sites, at least, of the 
earliest settlements of mankind; but to 
what different purposes tliey were se- 
verally applied, must, with most of 
them, always remain a matter of con- 
jecture.. With regard to the Tepessé, 
LI should suppose the mass we now see 
to be no more than the base of some 
loftier superstructure, probably de- 
signed for the doubie use of a temple 
and.an observatory; a style of sacred 
edifice common with tlhe Chaldeans, 
and likely to form the principal object 
in, every city and town devoted to the 
idolatry, of Belus, and the worship of 
the stars. 

THE RUINS OF BABYLON, 

November 9th, 1818.—I was now 
fully embarked on my long-anticipated 
expedition; and having passed the gate 
of the western suburb, I looked around 
me. onthe vast extended Chaldean 
plain east of the Euphrates, with a de- 
light that seemed for some minutes to 
send me on the. wing over its whole 
interesting: tract; \rangivg both sides of 
that) mighty river, and to wherever thc 
majesty of Babylon tad flowed down its 
venerable stream. 

According to Herodotus, the walls 
were sixty miles ia circumference, built 
of large bricks cemented together with 
bitumen, and. raised round the city ia 
the form of an exact square; hence they 
measured fifteen miles along each face. 
They were eighty-seven feet thick, and 
three hundred, and fifty high, protected 
on the outside by, avast diteh lined with 
the saine, materials, and-proportioned in 
depth and width. tothe elevation) of the 
walls. ., They were, entered, by. twenty- 
five gates on each sides, made of :solid 
brass; and additionally strengthened by 
two hundred and, fifty towers... Within 
these wails, rose, the, multitudinons 
streets, palaces,.and) other, great, works 
of Babylon ;, including. the. temple, of 
Belus, the hanging gardens, and all the 
magnificence which constituted this city 
the wonder of the world.’ A branch of 


othe Euphratesoflowed/through the city, 


from, the north ‘tosthe: south; and was 
crossed by-asttong bridge, constructed 
atthe foundation, of Jargenstones fas- 


deneds together »with oleéad> and: \iron. 


Wohilecitowas building; ‘thercotrse of 
the iver was turned into.allarge basin, 
tothe: west of the town, which bad! been 
cut/to:the:extent tof forty square miles, 
and: seventy-five feet deep, for-ial yet 
nobler purpeses> to receives the same 
ample stream) while: the great artificial 
banks were  crecting» of: brick, Gaveach 
side of the Led of the river, ito secure 
the country from its:too abundant oyer- 
flow. Canals were cut for this purpose 
also; one of these led to the immense 
basin already! described, | which, when 
required, disembogued the ‘river into its 
capacious bosom ; and always continticd 
to receive its superflux; returning the 
water, when -necessary,* by ° various 
sluices to fructify the: ground. During 
the three great empires of the:East,:no 
tract of the whole appears to’ have been 
so reputed: for fertility; and riches::as 
the district of Babylonia; and/all arising 
from the due management: of: this 
mighty stream. |» Heredotus ‘mentions, 
that even when reduced to the raik-of a 


‘province, it yielded)a revenue «to the 


kings of Persia that. comprised balfitheir 
income. And the terms in which: the 
Scriptures describe its natural, as well 
as acquired, supremacy when it was the 
imperial city, evidence the same facts. 
They call it, ‘ Babylon, thes glory ‘of 
kingdoms, the beauty of the Chaldee’s 
excellency: The Lady of Kingdoms, 
given to pleasure; that dwellest:care- 
lessly, and sayest inher! heart, £-am, 
and there is none else. beside me!’ 
But now, in’ the same expressive Jan- 
guage, we may say,! “She'sits jas a 
widew on the ground.» ‘Phere is) no 
more a throne for thee, O daughter of 
the Chaldeans!” | And) for the aban- 
dance of the country, it. has vanished as 
clean away, as if “the besony of deso- 
lation” had! indeed sweptit from nerth 
to south; the whole land, from the out- 
skirts! of Bagdad to the farthest stretch 
of.sight, lying a melancholy waste. 

"Dhe »present’ pepulation of this part 


of the ycountry cobsists of acracecot 


Arabs, called: the tribe of Zobiede ; -bui, 
from their situation, beings much in 
contact with the Turks, they have lost 
{heirnational character ofindependence, 
and acquired in-its stead rather degrad- 
ing than -clevating habitss «In)times of 
tranquillity from openly «declared war- 
fare; these people and their chicf are 

responsible 


Sir Ry Ker Porter's Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, &e. 
‘ower! partioP: his face. 


responsible ito the government of “tlic 
Pasha ‘for the general ‘security! ofthe 
rdad from casual depredators; butander 
the -present ‘circumstances; when! their 
brethrens of) the desertioissue>'forthioin 
‘such formidable hordes, these poor crea- 
tures dare Larldly show their heads.: 
fod f complained of want of:cleanliness 
mii ithe persons'cof!othe> Persian ‘lower 
orders; I have notderms to express ‘the 
exceeding Joathsomeness of the Arab 
Fella. >The skins of tliese people are 
lactually ingrained with dirt; and the 
male children, additionally embrowned 
wdyothe roasting sui, run about till thir- 
teen or fourteen ycars of age, without the 
shadow of a! garment!) The mothers 
answempretty welloto the description I 
haveialveady given!of the lowest class in 
‘Bagdad. ;The only’ difference appears 
to be; thathere their)shift-like gowns are 
‘always of a. coarse*red ‘flannel, open a 
ood way down in front, buttoned at the 
neck, ‘and ‘touching the: ankles and 
wrists; both of which extremitics are’ 
usually: adorned witli massive silver 
rings. ‘Strings of many-coloured beads 
hang on their tattooed necks, sometimes 
enriched witha silver or gold coin. A 
black: handkerchief binds their heads, 
Beneath: which devolve their Jong un- 
‘combed ‘tresses: The nose is’ never 
Avithout: its weighty ring also, which 
‘gives rather‘a*snoffling grace to the 
Woice of the wearer. 
-tofPbe: men do not, like the Turks and 
Persians, shave their heads; but, letting 
their hair grow, its dark locks much in- 
crexse the wild and often haggard ap- 
pearance sof their roughly bearded 
wvisages. > They frequently are seen with- 
‘out other covering than the haffia or 
cloak, formed of an extremely: broad - 
striped staff. This: is the domestic: at- 
tire, inowhich they ave met in the vici- 
nity of their homes; but when they go 
farther: a-field, they put on a brown 
woollen: tunic, girt) about the middle 
with a stout leathern belt, armed witha 
short: wooden club, or a long crooked 
dagger. Mostiof them carry, in addi- 
tion, a scymetar, anid a small: round 
shield.» “The head- dress: of Arab men 
appears the point to whieh they pay the 
most: attentions »It-is: usually of one 
fashion with all; being) composed of a 
yellow: and réd_ picce: of stuff; wound 
round the browslike a:close turban, with 
poitited) ends: banging slong upon the 
‘breast. The wearer sometimes throws 
one of them across bisichin; which piece 
of drapery, falling on his shoulder, con- 
eceals his neck and the whole of the 


597 
From the folds 
round his forehead) depend two twisted 
braidsofiong blackshair; which add not 


‘andittle Of the savage tothe wily air of 


the dower orders of ‘this tribe. 


oNoye 10th We left the khaun* of 


Iskanderia*at half-past seven” o’élock 
this morning. “Soon after clearing the 
numerous low ‘heaps of rains and yub- 
bish diverging’ fron’ the piace, we dis. 
covered the golden cupola of Mosscib, 
reflecting the rising ‘sun, in’a direction 
south 40° west. © Waving travelicd 
about four miles farther, the usual traces 
of former buildings spread a vast way on 
the rest of our road ; and one relic, not 
inferior in bulk to that of Boursa 
Shishara, stood very couspieuous. It 
was built of unburnt bricks, marked at 
their lines of union with no other ce- 
ment than that of shine ; neither rceds, 
nor straw, appeared outwardly ;-and at 


first I judged) it to have been of more 


receut construction than the former pile 
Thad ascended; but, on examining some 
broken pieces of the bricks; which lay 
thickly around, I found several bearing 
remnants of cuneiform inscriptions ; 
proof sufficient of the antiquity of the 
materials at-least. But whether the 
place, of which the ‘edifice they com- 
posed had formed a part, were coeval 
with Babylon, or was ‘afterwards 
erected out of her remains, cannot easily 
be determined. Yet, so extensive and 
numerous are the traces of former build- 
ings on the spot, we must conelade that 
something like a town has existed here; 
and if the historical acconnts'are'to be 
depended on, that the original dimen- 
sions of Babylon extended to a length- 
and breadth of fifteen miles, the adja- 
cent great villages, or minor towns, 
usually attendant on metropolitan cities, 
might very well reach thus far. 

Mahowil lies four miles from’ the 
Hadgé’s khaan; and is ‘only separated 
from the plain more Immediately con- 
nected wit! the remains of Babylon, by 
the embankments of two onee'ioble ca- 
nals, very near each other; and running 
almost due east and’ west. ‘In ‘the first, 
whieh we crossed by a brick bridge, we 
saw ‘water.’ These canals'secm at pre- 
sent to be regarded ‘as’ the ‘boundary, 
whienee the decided vestiges of the great 
cily commerfice 5 and'we’ Soon disco- 
vered’ thei’ widely° spreading tracks. 
In crossiig’ the’ bridge,’ which leads to 
those iiimense tumuli’ ‘of ‘temples, pa- 
Jaces, and human’ habitations of every 
enc attagee Pesos ee ttt eee 

* Inn or cavayausery. 
description ; 


598 


description ; now buried in shapeless 
heaps, and’ a silerieé profound as’ the 
grave; I could ‘notohut(feel an unde- 
scribable awe, ip thus passing, as it were, 
into the gates of, “fallen Babylon” 

Between this bridge and | Hillah 
(something more than’ cight miles dis+ 
tant), three piles! of great magnitude 
particalarly attract atvention; but there 
are Many minor objects to arrest ivesti- 
gation in the way. A mound of consi- 
derable elevation rose on our left as we 
rude'ulong, not five hundred yards trom 
the second embankment 5) its. sloping 
sides were covered with broken bricks, 
and other fragnients of past buildings, 
while the ground aroutd) its! base pre- 
sented a most nitrous surface.’ Atatew 
hundred yards onward ‘agaiv, another 
mound projected of still greater height, 
and from it branched subordinate eleva- 
tions ia ‘several directions, I here had 
a fine’ View of the great oblong pile, 
ealled by the Arabs Mujelibé, or rather 
Mukallibe, “the overturned;” an attri- 
butive term, which; however, they do 
not confine to this sublime wreck alone ; 
other remains, in this immense field of 
ruin, bearing the saine striking designa- 
tion of the manner of its fall, BLujelibé 
bere from the elevation on which we 
stood, ‘south 10°. west. Having pro- 
ceeded about a couple of miles from the 
two canal ridges near Mahowil, we 
adyanced to another and higher em- 
bankment, of a totally different appear- 
ance from that ofa'water:course. It ran 
almost due ‘east ard west, until lost to 
ile eye’ in the liorizon on both sides... I 
rodé # considerable way along its base, 
to ‘examine whether there might not be 
some trace of a'ditch, and, though I did 
not discover'‘any, nor, indeed, aught that 
Wis atall answerable to our ideas of 
what would have been even a fragment 
of the Vast bulwark-walls of ‘Babylon, 
yet P saw no eatise to doubt its being a 
reamant of some minor iiterior boun- 
dary. 

The whole of our road was ona tolera- 
bly equal tracks excepting where una- 
voidably brokew by small mounds, de- 
tached pieces’ of canal embankments, 
and other indications ofa place iy ruins; 
mingled with! marshy hollows in ‘the 
ground, and large nitrous spots, from ihe 
deposits of accumulated rubbish. Tna- 
deed it was almost impossible’ to note; 
while their number confused our'anti- 
quarian researches, the endless ramifica~ 
lions of minor aqueducts, whose remains 
infersevted the way. At about’ four 
miles in advance fromthe long: single 


Sir Rye Ker Porter's Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, &e. 


embankment, or interior boundary ridge 
1 mentioned before, we crossed avery 
spacious: éanal-; beyond “whicli; ‘to’ the 
eastward, tbe plain appeared a ‘vast un- 
intefrapted flat..G— St tumiove nm 
» Aw hourand aquarter’ more brought 
us tothe’ northeast! shore of the din- 
phrates, ‘hitherto totally exeladed “from 
our ‘view! by’ the ‘intervening Jong'and 
varied) lines ‘of rain, which now! pro- 
claimed to'ts ‘on every side; that’ we 
were, indeed, in tho midst of owhat had 
been Babylon. © From ibe pointoon 
which we stood, to the base of Mujetibé, 
large masses of ancient ‘foundations 
spread’ on our right; more Fesembling 
natural bills in appearance, than mounds 
covering the remains: of former-great 
and splendid edifices. » "Po the eastward 
also, chains of these: undulating leaps 
were visible, but many not higher than 
the generality of the canal embankments 
we had passed. “The whole view was 
particularly solenm. © Phe’ majestio 
stream of the Buphrates wandering in 
solitude, like a pilgrim monareh through 
the silent ruins of bis devastated king 
dom, still appeared a noble river, ever 
under all the disadvantages of itsdesert= 
tracked course. Its banks were hoary 
with reeds, and the gtey osier ‘willows 
were yet there, on which the captives of 
Israel bung up their harps, and, while 
Jerusalem was not, ‘refused to be com- 
forted. But how is the rest of the scene 
changed since then!) ‘At that) time; 
these broken. hills ‘were palaces;'those 
long undulating mounds, ‘streets’; ‘this 
vast solitude, filled with the busy sub- 
jects of the proud daughter of the Kast! 
Now, “ wasted with misery;”: her ‘babi- 
tations are not to be! found; and, for 
herself, “ the worm is spread over her!” 
Our road bent, from the immediate: bank 
of the river, to the south-east; and, after 
crossing the bed of a very wide canal, 
almost close tothe bank we were leay- 
ing, we entered on an open ‘tract, on 
which I saw the extensive encampment 
of the Kiahya Bey. > The town of Hillah 
lay'a couple of miles beyond it; a tong 
stretch of low-bulwarked) wail, but ens 
livened by cupolas and glittering mina- 
rets, and the tops of numerous ‘planta- 
tictis’ of date-trees, with ‘other green 
botighs fromthe gardens, through w hose 
pleasant ‘averiues we soon approached 
the gates of the place. Ow ‘passing 
them, £ found a house prepared for mejin 
tlie’ suburb of the city, onthe east side 
of thé river and not far fromthebridge. 
I could not have had a more desirable 
situation, for comparative coolness ‘aad 
interest 


Sir R. Ker Porter's Travels.in 


interest of prospect... Our ridetbis. day 
had occupied nearly nineshoars, and over 
a space of ground.about the same,as,tho. 
day, before, namely, twenty-eight, miles. 

November 12th.—By_,the appointed: 
hour, this. morning, the. kiahya’s officer 
appeared before my, gate;;at the head of 
a hundred, |well-armed .men,; some. of 
whom were, Arabs; all. fairly moanted, 
and. ready to. atlend; me)to that part,of 
the desolated.land.of Shinar which ties 
west of the Eupbrates:. My immediate 
object) was, the, Birs Nimrood; the 
tower mentioned by Neibuhr with so 
mucb, regret at his having been pre- 
vented; by apprehension of ile wild 
tribes. in, the desert,, from, closely exa- 
mining, its prodigious remains. But the 
observations: he’ was. enabled to make, 
however, short, of his, wishes, were sufti- 
eient to;awaken. in him an idea, now 
ably, supported .by. the» more. compre- 
hensive. investigations of the present 
British resident at Bagdad, that in this 
pile. we ‘see the very Tower ‘of Babel, 
the, stupendous . artificial. | mountain 
erected,.by. Nimrod in-the plain of 
Shinar,,.and..on. which, in after-ages, 
Nebuehadnezzar raised- the temple of 
Belus. ..It-lies about six miles south- 
west) of Hillah..On Jeaving the suburb 
on the: eastern shore of the river, we 
erossed a bridge, of thirty-six pontoons, 
all,considerably. smaller than those over 
the, Tigris‘at) Bagdad; and like them in 
a peglected state. ‘Phe width of the 
Euphrates at this passage, is four hun- 
dred and.thirty feet... On quitting the 
crazy timbers of the bridge, which gaye 
terrible note of insecurity, under the 
tramping feet. of my attendant troopers, 
we entered the ‘most considerable part 
of the town of Hillah;-and, after riding 
through. a. narrow and crowded bazar, 
nearly suffocated with the double evils 
of beat and stench, and thence proceed- 
ing along three or four close streets, at 
intervals opened to the fresh air by in- 
fervening beaps of ruins, we reached 
the western gate, called that of 'Tah- 
masia, whieh happily delivered us into 
a freer\atmosphere. We Jeft the high 
banks of the ‘I'ajya canal on our right, 
or, as itis; otherwise called, the Ali 
Pasha trench, (cat to defend the town 
from the marauders of the desert,) run- 
ning inva direction north-west; aud ra- 
pidly over the apparently boundless 
plain, found the ground jin general per- 
fectly flat, and in parts very marshy. 
My eyes ranged on all sides, while 
crossing this vast barren tract, which, 
assuredly, had of old been covered, if 


Georgia, Persia, Armenia, Se. 599 


not) by. ‘elosely, compacted. streets, - at. 
least. with, the parks and, gardens. at- 
tached to distinct mansions, or divisions 
of this once imperial city; but all was 
withered, and gone, | and, comparatively, 
level to the very horizon, till, the object 
of my) expedition: presented |) itself, 
standing alone in) the)|solitary; waste 
like the awful figure of Prophecy ‘herself, 

pointing to the fulfilment of her word. 
At the moment of my, first seeing it, 
the tower bore from us south 7° west; 
to which point we made dircet forward, 
hastening our speed as we approached 
nearer the stupendous. pile. During 
almost the whole of our ride, I had ob- 
served numerous spots on the plain, 
shewing the saline encrustment usually 
found, where. buildings have formerly 
stood; also a long line of broken. bank 
on our left: but here, at: about. five 
miles from Hillah, certainly commenced 
the first western very clevated traces of 
former edifices, beginning. with some 
considerable mounds, near to: the res 
mains of an old canal, through whose 
bed we passed, and which. stretched 
first southward, and then bent. west- 
ward. About six hundred yards far- 
ther brought us to a second eanal. of 
vaster dimensions than the preceding, 
being full thirty yards across, with very 
high embankments, broken into.a suc- 
cession of little hilloeks.. This. canal 
took a direction to our, right for nearly 
three-quarters of a mile, corresponding 
to the line of the other-on onp left; run- 
ning first north and west, then taking a 
sweep gradually due south, ‘bent again, 
and (aecording to the observation. I 
could make by my glass, while standing 
on one of the hiliocks,) described .a, line 
to the eastward, till it joined the nar- 
rower canal through whose channel. we 
had recently passed.) ‘The ‘space thus 
inclosed,'scemcd to be about two miles; 
forming, though ,in ruins, the. outlines 
of a. vast court, or area, round the sub- 
VMmest monument of the past, still rear- 
ing its shattered. summit towards the 
Heavens, ,,On observing. the range of 
these. canals, or trenches, .it- struck me, 
that the inner bank, may. have been a 
wall; and in) that case, the surrounding 
channel becomes, a feature of exterior 
defence. Almost,all over the ground 
between the base;of the great, pile itself 
and these boundaries, abundant vestiges 
of former building, are/visible;, exhibit- 
ing uneven.heaps of various sizes, co- 
vered with masses of broken brick, tiles, 
and vitrified fragments, all silently elo- 
quent of some former signal OF TERR 
n 


G00 


ere a as 
On coming within this traceable area, 


I found its irregular’ stfhiee’ thronged 


with the Kialtya’s horsemen? while the 
comnrander himself, with the leaders Of 
his troops, hal dismotnted, and were 


already aseeudéd itito the mount itselly 


This’ inteHigéenee’ did not delight me 
qiite sé nid as my informer seemed 


to anficipaté?’ for these were Compa-’ 


niois in iy researches Thad neither 
expéeted nordesired’; being well aware 
that (he formatity of court cerethonies 
wou illagree with the freedom of my 
paiposed niovements. I do not deny 
that their groups were eminently pic- 
turesque, and, from their magnificent 
or wildly various Asiatic costume, 
mingled more’ harmoniously with the 
cliuravter of this venerable wonder of 
the East, than the garb of a European 
stranger; but yet their presence was 
diseordant to me; for, perhaps, that 
strange European garb covered the only 
breast’ present, which felt the solema 
iniport- of that still existing pile, up 
wliose acclivities he was slowly ascend- 
ing’; and amidst whose awfully stricken 
summits be found the ‘Turkish com- 
matider, quietly seated amongst his 
officers, smoking his pipe, while await- 
ing the coffve his servants were prepar- 
ing in another part of the stupendous 
rain! ‘Pho moment E appeared before 
him, he rose and welcomed me ; declar- 
in®, with allthe pomp of oriental com- 
pliment, that, “thoagh be had accorded 
mea personal guard. for short excur- 
sions, lie valned my life too highly to 
prnuit Ws being exposed to the dangers 
of the ‘desert, without an escort ade- 
qiiate to his friendslfip,—himself! Of 
course) -Tedaly thanked him, though in 
far: humbler language; and, probably, 
therefore mach nearer the level of his 
real motive, which, I-suspect, was cu- 
riosity, rather than sach superabundant 
zeal in my: service. It is a common 
idea witly the Tarks here, that the true 
objeet with: Europeans, in’ visiting the 
hanks of the: Kuphrates, is not-to ex- 
plore antiquities, as we pretend, batto 
make a Jaborious’ pilgrimage to dlivse 
almost shapeless relics “of a’race of un- 
believers more ancient than ourselves 5 
and to perform certain mysterious re- 
ligious rites before them, which. excite 
no small curiosity amongst tlie faithful; 
to pry into. However, tiothing of this 
was shewn, by either’ my illustrious 
escort or any of his body-guard ; and, 
after civilly enduring an hour’s delay in 
my pursuits, by remaining in his com- 
pany, 1 left -him to-his repose, or his 
3 


Sir kK. Ker, Porter's Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, §c. 


own pious iblutions; and descended the 


sérvations,. © a eh P 
Hésent stipe anid dinionstons’ of 


from’ the ‘East, “appears ‘like’ 
hill, Sweeping irregularly ‘upwards 
wards its ‘western ‘aspect, ‘in a’ broad 
pyramidal form. Tt measures’ at the 
base 694 yards, (3082 feet ;) at least) as’ 
nearly that, as the dilapidated” state of 
the outline there would’ allow me 'to’as- 
certain. On looking towaris'its eastern 
face, ib extends in wiltli 153 yards (459 
feet,) and presenfs two stazes'of bill; 
the first shewing’ an elevation ‘of abort 
60 feet, cloyen in’ the ‘middle into a 
deep ravine, and intersected in! all dis 
rections by farrows,’ channelled’ there 
by the descending rains of saceceding: 
ages. ‘Phe’ sumarit of this first stage, 
stretches in rather a flattened’ sweep to” 
the base of the ‘seediid ‘ascent, which 
springs out of the first’in a steep and’ 
abrupt conical form, termisated at the” 
top by a solitary’standing fragment of! 
brick- work, like the fuin of a‘ tower’ 
From the foundation of thie whole pile’ 
to the base of this picee ‘of Truitt,’ i 
sures about 200 feet; and from 1hé 'bot?’ 
tom of the ruin to its shattere ig are: 
35 fect. On the western side, the entire 
mass rises at once from the plain im6ne’ 
stupendous, though irregular pyramidal 
hill, broken, in the slopes of its sweeping’ 
acclivities, by the devastations oftine 
and rougher destruction, ‘Phe southern 
and northern fronts “are ae eit’ 
abrupt towards the point of the brick 
ruin; but in both these views we have'a’ 
profile of the first stage of the Birs, 
which I fally described inv approaching 
the eastern face. My advance to the 
northern steep was much interrupted 
by large masses of fine and solid brick- 
work, projecting from amongst the far- 
spreading heaps of rubbish at its base, 
and which had evidently been’ parts of 
the original facing of the lower ranges 
of ‘the ‘pile. IT -shall’ deseribe* these 
fragments more particularly hereafter 5 
Meanwhile observing, that itis ouly'on 
the northern sidé'they occurs ora 
The tower-liké ruin on the extreme 
suinmit is°a solid mass, twenty-eight 
feet ‘bread; constructed of the ‘most 
jieatrtifal brick masonry, and presenting 
the apparent angle of some-strueture 
originally of a'square shape ; the remains 
of which Stand on the east, to abeight of 
thirty-five feet, and to ihe south twehty- 
two feef. Tt is rent from the ‘top to 
nearly balf-way to the bottom; unques- 
tionably 


£ 


Sir R. Ker Porter's Travels in 
tionably by some great convulsion of na- 


tore, or some even moro extraordinary 


destructive efforts of aman..,..‘The mate- 
rials of the masonry are furnace-burnt 


bricks, of a much thinner fabrick than) 


most of those which are found. east of 
the river, on the spot.to which some 
writers confine the remains of Babylon. 
i bad not explored that ground when I 
first yisited the Birs Nimrood ; but [had 
seen many of the Babylonian bricks at 
Hillah, forming the court and walls of 
the house I inhabited; and which had 
been brought from the mounds. of the 
aheicnt great city, to. assist in erecting 
the modern miscrable town. The ce- 
ment which holds the bricks together, 
that compose. the ruin on the summit of 
the Birs, is so hard, that my most vio- 
lent attempts could not separate them. 
Hence I failed in discovering whether 
these bore any inscriptive stamps on 
their surface; marks invariably found, 
where they exist at all, on the side of the 
bricks which faces downwards. Why 
they were so placed, we cannot guess; 
but. so it is, in all the primitive remains 
of ancient Babylonia; but in the more 
modern structures of Bagdad, Hillab, 
and other places erected out of her 
spoils, these inscribed bricks are seen 
facing in all directions. While on the 
summit of the Birs, I examined many of 
the fine brick fragments which lay near 
the foot of the piece of standing wall, to 
see whether bitumen had been used any 
where in their adhesion, but I could not 
trace the smallest bit. The cement 
throughout was lime, spread in a very 
thin layer, not thicker than a quarter of 
an inch, between each brick and its 
neighbour; and, thin as this cement was 
Jaid, it contained a spreading of straw 
through the midst of it. The standing 
piece of ruin is perforated in ranges of 
square openings; through which - the 
light and air have free passage. ‘The 
latter admission may have been deemed 
necessary to preserve the interior of the 
building from the abiding influence of 
damp. For, that this tower-like relic.is 
a remains of what formerly coustituted 
a part of some interior division of the 
great pile itself, I shall presently at- 
tempt to shew. — At the foot of this piece 
of wall, on its southern and western 
sides, besides the minor fragments. E 
haye just mentioned as having inspected 
in search. of bitumen, lay several im- 
mense uushapen masses. of similar fine 
brick-work ; some entirely changed toa 
state of the hardest vitrification, and 
others culy partially so. In many might 
MontuLy Mac. No. 370, 


Georgia, Persia, Armenia, &c. 601 


be traced the gradual effects of the con- 
suming power,.which had produced so 
remarkable an appearance; exhibiting 
parts, burnt to that variegated dark hue, 
seen in the vitrified matter lying about in 
glass manufactories ;. while. through the 
whole of these awful testimonies of the 
fire, (whatever fire it was!) which, 
doubtless, hurled them from their original 
elevation, the regular Jines of the cement 
are visible, and so hardened in common 
with the bricks, that when the masses 
are struck they ring like glass. On ex- 
amining the base of the standing wall, 
contiguous to these huge transmuted 
substances, it is found totally free from 
any similar changes, in short, quite in its 
original state ; hence I draw the conclu- 
sion, that the consuming power acted 
frem above, and that the scattered ruin 
fell from some higher point than the 
summitof the present standing fragment. 
The heat of the fire which prodaced 
such amazing effects, must have burnt 
with the force of the strongest furnace ; 
and from the general appearance of the 
cleft in the wall, and these vitrified 
masses, I should be inclined to attribute 
the catastrophe to lightning from. hea- 
ven. Ruins, by the explosion of any 
combustible matter, would have exhi- 
bited very different appearances: 

On the face of the pile itself, a little 
way down its northern brow, a consi- 
derable space of similar fine brick ma- 
sonry is visible. The bricks bere mea- 
sure three inches and a quarter in thick- 
ness, by twelve inches in length, They 
are a pale red, and cemented, like the 
upper mural fragment, with lime... In 
this wall, also, are. square) apertures, 
running deep into the interiorof the 
pile ; and, notwithstanding that the ma- 
sonry is greatly injured) in places, yet, 
from its general smoothness and well- 
finished work, I cannot doubt its having 
formed a part of the grand casing. of 
fine brick, which every observation. on 
this gigantic: ruin, leads: us 10 suppose 
encrusted the whole structure in gradual 
stages... Lower down, and more to the 
eastward, we have another and larger 
vestige of, this sort of wall, presenting 
itself inan angular form ; one of its faces 
fronting the cast.» Here the work is 
altogether om a-vaster scale; the bricks 
being, four inches, and! three quarters 
thick, by twelve.and three quarters in 
length >and. are joiued by a bed of mor- 
tar amore thap -am-ineh deep. The 
bricks, though: decidedly furnace-burnt, 
we of a much softer texture than those 
described aboye, and the cement is of a 

4G coarser 


602 
coarser quality,’ ‘Thé-ase of straw inthe 
midst of the layers of ‘lime, asseen in the 
upper remains, was there ‘also every 
where evident; “but here, it) was ‘quite 
mouldered (aWay,its* impression’ alone 
being visible.2 °° 9 | 

‘Phe space vof wall, now underode- 
scription, is of considerable extent, and 
appears) ‘tome to have actually formed 
part‘of the noith-west angle of the pile 
invits ancient state. But what marks it 
as an object of particular observation is, 
that the courses of its bricks donot run 
level, but havea gentle inclination on its 
northern face, {owards the east; and on 
its eastern face, they slope to the south. 
This singularity cannot be accounted for 
by aseribing it to the electric: shock that 
may. have split, and, possibly, -over- 
tarned part of the superstructure ; their 
situation in the building being too dis- 
tant from that point to be affected by 
the means of its destruction. At some 
yards still lower down we came to an 
excavation, or rather very large and 
deep' hole, made by the clearing away 
of the rubbish; and through it we 
plainly discerned, what I may call the 
pith of the building; that is, the compo- 
sition of the solid body, and base of the 
pile; which’ consisted of sun-dricd 
bricks, of the same dimensions with 
thosé from the furnace, described.in the 
last specimen of wall, and which, like 
the bark of a tree, seem to have encased 
the whole. '°These interior, and, I may 
term then) “imperishable materials, are 
cemented together by layers of slime and 
broken straw, lying fall an inch anda 
half in-thickness ; and through this vast, 
consolidated) mass, large square holes, 
(each two feetin height, by one in width) 
penetrate, apparently, to the very heart 
of the stractare 

I have now: noticed, not merely dhe 
general appearance of the Birs on:all 
its sides; but every) remaining) piece of 
wall stilloperceptible, through the. deep 
accumulations of moulderingand broken 
fragments, which invade ‘the distinct 
lines of this ever-wonderful monument ; 
but [have yetoto remark; that; swith re- 
gard to the use) of bitumeny IT saw) no 
vestige of id whatever onlany remnantof 
building “on” the ‘uppers ascents;oand 
therefore drier regionsyo: It was towards 


ihe foundations’ of the-burnt brick-vwalls, : 


lower down, and on therlarge fragments 
of briek-ruins atthe base'of the pile, that 
I first\diseovered \any/specimehss yand 
’ there’ E fund them in great.quantitics, 
These circumstances led me to suppose, 
that bitumenowas chiefly confinedby the 


sofsuperstructures now,no.more, 


Sir Ry Ker Porter's Travels in Georgia, Persiay Armenia, § ce. 


Chaldean «builders; to, foundations 
and lower;parts,of Pai Tae ie 
purpose of preventing .the) ill) eflects 
thesdamp +and,, water,;,to,. which this 
country mustialways) have been liable 
from: the snecessive inundations, of the 
rivetis The same! reason, accounts, for 
the perforation in| the body, of the build- 
ings; to give. vent,to the consequent 
evaporations sfrom, the tele ret i 
Amongst' the many specimens of; bitu- 
men) 1, picked, up, were. several Jarge 
cakes, more than tem,inches long, and 
three in thickness;, appearing 4o, haye 
heen the casing of some work, perhaps 
the lining of awater-course. ....° 4... 
On observing Birs Nimrood from the 
plain, if we admit, the projecting stage 
towards the east to, have been; any, part 
of the real. base of the, original pile, then 
we must see, that, the, tower-like , re- 
mains, now forming jits highest, pyrami- 
dal point, do not rise over, the true centre 
of the building, | Butif we subtract.that 
projection fromy the prt 
only as a-platform, or court of approach, 
then we haye) a, remaining ground.of 
elevation exactly adapted | to, make. the 
present highest point that ofits DERRY 
centres and this.result, the four.views. 
have given will snficiently, shew... _In- 
deed, the effects of the gradual moulder- 
ing of any tower, or,conical structure, 
will always, while a,vestige remains, de- 
fine themselves, and, therefor An the 
general outline, that othe ling 
which common fact, if allowed.in, this 
instance, presents the present ruin, as I 
would Jimit its base, ina form more.con- 
sonant to historical details of tbe;Tem- 
ple of Belus, than.if we, were to suppose 
its foundations had been spread oyer the 
whole oblong surface. yomlnaidcn 
All around its, present base extends 
to some distance an open. area, bounded 
by mounds, which J shall more. particu- 
larly. mention hereafter, baying Brot des 
scribed one that may, be.called of prodi- 
gious magnitude, though ubder the sha- 
dow of Babel itself, . It, is distant from 
iheeastern front of the great pile about 
270. feet ; extends north.and south to a 
breadth of 1242 feet; where, those, two 
sides take ratherja triangular.form, to a 
distance of 1935 feet, mecting,.in.a bend, 
to the eastward... The whole, of its sum- 
mitand:sides are furrowed, into, endless 
ibollows,)iand | traversing, channels, ihe 
effect (of, time,” accident, and,various 


ysorts)0foviolences ;and all. are | thickly 


embedded with fragments of bricks, tiles, 
witrifications,; bitumen, &c, theremnants 


The 


Sir Ry Ker Porter's Travels,in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, &c. 


“The only objects now) seen above its 
desolate’ surface} are two small Maho- 
medan 
Meaning dratories; or places of\ prayer. 
The one bears’ the name of Makam 
Thraham Khali; the otherthatofMakam 
Stheb' Zeman 3 but’ botleare hearlyyin 
yuiis: “Standing on’ this super-eminent 
mound, as a‘ central’ position, fronrit:I 
miadéomy observations on all the remains 
‘yet visible! within! what must haye been 
the’ gréat’ ehcdimpassing quadrangle of 
‘thé sacred euclésure! ‘Phe great mound 
‘alld’ the great tower occupied the inte- 
Vidt space Of the quadrangle, with a large 
open area strétchitig’ on: all sides of 
them} but, on looking towards the north, 
where-theaiéa measured across between 
‘three‘and ‘four hundred feet, at that dis- 
‘tance 'T observed mounds of varied eleya- 
tions ‘in wiconneeted ‘lieaps, filling the 
‘etound froin that ‘line to the bank-of the 
‘great cinalT mentioned having: passed 
‘in my approach to the Birs:) Clustering 
‘ranges of these remains appear to conti- 
“nue, “eurvine round to the east ; then a 
‘vactilim “ocenurs; "then they’ commence 
‘agaip, running from the eastward in a 
‘similar Sweeping direction along the 
‘soutliéra’ frotit of the great, mounds, 
M by of these latter vestiges are but very 
fal ; yet they ‘aré sufficient to prove the 
‘existence of former stractures on those 
“Spots; and thé regular plan of their dis- 
“4 on.” There are; likewise, answer- 
ans chains, of ‘apparent greater conse- 
“Quetice, to°1he west, ‘rising about 200 
baneet thems supreme pile ; and these 


‘connect themselves with others' to the 
“north and ‘south.’ | 
*°"Rrom the elevation on which I stood, 
¥ traced; withéut difficulty, the lines of 
embankment also, which had com- 
passed the whole ‘sacred’ area. ©The 
extent of their broken remains appears 
‘to agree Very nearly with'that mentioned 
y Herodotus as inelosing the) ground 
“of the temple’ of Belus; he describing 
‘it’ to be quadrangular, on: ‘each side 
‘MMeasaring two stadia, or one thousand 
“feet,”"'O extending my view beyond 
* the’ boundary, to’ the'south, all seemed 
‘flat; arid’ desert; to the westward, the 
' Same’ traékléss ‘waste presented itself; 
“but towards the north-east, very consi- 
‘derable’ marks of buried ruins were vi- 
“sible to! a’ vast’ distance. Inca direction 


south’ 50° east, I could ‘plainly discern 
hé golden euipola’of Mesched Ali; and,’ 


‘ 
tok 


in the’ same’ line’ ©f) the’ ‘horizon, but 
“about ’30° more to the eastward, I saw 
‘the dark summit of ‘@ very lofty mound, 

which ‘I calculate to be the same-men- 


buildings;"'called) iKoubbés;; ” 


603 


tioned by; Mr. ‘Rich, in. his)‘, Memoir on 
the “Ruins: of>Babylon,”. distant many 
miles from their Loundaries;,.and,,.to 
which» notice,»he| adds. the),interesting 
eioumstance, ihat)ia few,years,jago,.a 
cap, or diadem, of pure gold;;and.some 
othersarticles)of the, same metal,; were 
found:theres by: the: Khezail Arabs; but 
who; tefused sto. give them upto. the 
pasha.’ Had-they-been resigned to him, 
and :preserved,;an opportunity. of exa- 
mining» such, antiquities. would ., have 
been very desirable. | So, high.a.mass of 
ruin as the mound presented, ean hardly 
be ‘supposed to, cover,any thing less than 
the remains of a fortress, a palace,. or 
one of those-enormous piles consecrated 
to religion, and) astronomy, which. ap- 
pears to have -been-erected in every city 
of Babylonia;..answering in, general 
shape at, least, as well, as purpose, to 
the great center of Sabian worship, the 
Temple of Belus, in, Babylon itself. 
Besides the mound LE haye ;just. men- 
tioned, as that of the diadem, I saw from 
the height.,on-,which, I continued. to 
stand, many distant. points,, to which 
my companions gaye. the names. of 
Koubbés and tombs, and added several 
curious traditions respecting them. 
During my traversing the, ruins, both 
of the tower,and the mound, I picked 
up curious fragments of brick. and, bi- 
tumen, besides pieces of broken,marble, 
and several thin copper ‘coins in.a very 
corroded states , With respect,to the 
specimens of rick, bothjsun-dried, and 
fire-burnt, there were, ample; quantities 
everywhere; giving: us an, jidea,., how 
very opportune the furnaces might haye 
been, which manufactured the jlatter,, to 
exccute the, mad. judyments .of either 


‘Nimrod or Nebuchadnezzar. The bricks 


which compose the tower, and its ‘ap- 
pending objects, are) mostly stampt with 
three lines of ‘inscription, in ,the,cunei- 
form, or, as :it:is commonly called, ,the 
Babylonian character. , Somejextend to 
four, or evenosevenslines;)but,,though 
differing in this respeet,| the dimensions 
of all are:theisame;,the,only superiority 
appears’ in! those; of .seven lines; being 
better stampt ihan those with the fewer 
numbers. || However; T\could, only draw 
theseiobservationsfrom fragments about, 
and I examiined;a’ great (many ;.entire 
detached! bricksonoto being ow to be 


found onthesruins «1 have already men- 


tioned, that the: bricks\of- Babylon are of 
two kinds, sunsdried ,and_ fire-burnt. 
The former sis generally largest, as it is 
of a:/coarsen faljnic:than,the latter; but 


lits solidity seems, by proof, to be equal to 


the 


604 Sir Ri KePorter’éTravels in Georgia, Persia; Armenia, &e. 


the hardest,|stone, »Itnis,composed).of 
clay! mixed, with) chopped! :straw, *or 
broken) reeds,; to) :conipatt: ity and then 
dried sin) the, sufties Here, then; besides 
tracing the first >buildérs| of» Babelin 
their yery executed owork, -“¢Go to, let 
‘us, make brick,)and) burn ‘them -tho- 
roughly!’ we |find: the! exact» sort of 
brick, which: the ‘children of Israel made, 
during: their captivityin Egypt: And 
Pharaoh ¢ommanded: the task-masters, 
and said, ye'shall:no more give the peo- 
ple straw to make bricks, &c.” »:'Phese 
unburnt bricks commonly form the inte- 
rior or mass: of any strong foundation 
amongst these ruins; and this/is the case 
with the great tower, while it is, or ra- 
iber has been, faced with the more beau- 
tifal fabric of those manufactured in the 
furnace or kiln. From ‘every account 
left us by» historians of the superemi- 
niently stupendous structure’ of the 
Tower of Belus, we must seek it on the 
banks of the Euphrates, and on the site 
of Babylon; and of all the colossal 
mounds which*remains amongst its far- 
spreading «ruins, not*one appears to an- 
swev'so fully, in place; dimensions, and 
aspect, to atl their pictures of the tower, 
whether called by the'name of Babel or 
of Belus, as this sublime inhabitant of 
‘the desert, known ‘universally to the pre- 
sent descendants of Ishmael, by the 
name of Birs Nimrood. ‘The etymology 
of ‘the: word> Birs;: Mr. ‘Rich considers 
‘difficult to-trace/! He observes, that it 
doesnot appear'to'be: Arabic, though it 
is pdssibleoto:be! some term which has 
suffered the corraptions: of ‘time, that 
might coriginally“ be derived from that 
language, cor the Chaldean. ‘There are 
words im both, ‘similar to it in sound; in 
the latter meaning’ a palace, or splendid 
building ;‘inethe former, a’sandy desola- 
tion;iortheé habitation of daemons. The 
Arabs; ‘as 'I -mentioned: before, call it 
Birs Nimrood} ‘but ‘the remnant ‘of! the 
captivity, still cabiding amongst “the 
waters of ‘Babylon}”? when: they speak 
of it; call it} Nebachadnezzar’s prison” 
; aepAMetl ey joey 
The town of Hillaolies in latitude 
32° 81! 18") in tongitude12!:36" west of 
Bagdad; and, according? to’ Turkish: au- 
thorities, it' was boilt in'thefifth century 
, of the’ Hegira;oin the district ° of Othe 
Euphrates, which: the /Arabs » call Bt- 
Ared Babel -Lying ona spot ofthe 
vast site/of Babylon, nothing was more 
likely than that itshouldvbe built out of 
a few of the fragments ofthat great city. 
The town is ‘pleasantly'sitwated! amidst 
gardens ‘and groves of date-trees; and 


spreads itsclf-on:bothisides of ithe river, 
where itris connected by. the:miscrable 
floating-bridge' I yhave »justydescribeds 
but which, perilousiasitumay be}dssecu- 
rity itself; when ¢€o withithe pass 
ofidanger at. Bagdads> Tbe portiondfthe 
town, oor, as! itis: usually ealledj, dhe 
suburb, on the eastern bank; Consists: of 
one principal :\street! of. bazar), reaching 
from the small defenceless gates whenee 
it is\entered from Bagdad; dowmtonthe 
edge of the water ;iteis deemedithe least 
considerable part of Hillah, beingiof far 
less dimensions» in everyswayj thanathe 
more populous branch» across the: rotten 
timbers. ‘There:\thecinhabitants, Jews, 
Turks, and: Arabs,-axe muchhicker;the 
streets and bazars! more: numerous: and 
abundant.» From: the great, centre 
bazar, well filled! withe:imerchandize, 
branch off, in various crookéd diréctions, 
minor, ranges; ! among | whichoare! found 
the fish and :flesh:marketse>|In the 
former I saw several varieties ;and some 
of enormous size; resembling the barbel. 
The fish in! question ranfrom four tocfive 
feetin length, and were coveredwithwéry 
Jarge thick ‘scalesu«'The! head fook’up 
full a third of) their length} «cTiamtold 
they eat coarsevand dry, butcare;anever- 
theless, a favourite food withthe inhabi- 
tants.. They arecaughtin greatquanti- 
ties near the town; (and silsmto-w ednsi- 
derable. distance!above! itii Theflesh- 
market was sparingly served withimeat, 
the whole not:appearing to bemore:than 
the dismembered carcases:of twosheep, 
two goats, and the red rouglnfragments 
of a buffalo. © /This« displayviwas ibut 
ascetic provision for <a) :populationof 
seven thousand «persons. ) ‘Lhe stréets 
are narrow, like those:of Bagdad; auie- 
cessary evil in: oriental .climates;i:to 
elude the full power of the:sun? but they 
were even morenoisomely filthy s;amoast 
umniecessary anboyanceany wheres« In 
like: manner, ‘also, they | were ‘crowded, 
but! not with |so:many personswinigay 
attire: Here were groupsiof dark, grim- 
Jooking, half-naked Arabs, sitting: idly 
on tliesides of ithe streets, and so nume- 
rouslyy as scarcely to!leave roomy /forva 
singlethorse'to passj:and!evem:accaval- 
cade, inline would ‘notshave alarmed 
them, 'sov indifferent did they wappear, 
when"! we owere. almost) compelled,» it 
someiiabrupt? turn; almost ito;ride aver 
them! Ai few:sombre-garbed Israelites ; 
and>some oof ‘the Turks, sattendant ‘on 
offitial-duties of the pashalic in this part 
‘of the government, also mingled! occa- 
sionally inv the passing, orseated crowd; 
where ‘the solemn,’ saturnine air of the 
latter, 


Sir R. Ker Porter's Travel iw Georgia, Persia, Armenia, &e. 605 


latter, with theimflowingsgandy apparel, 
formed a'striking contrastoto the daring, 
dirty; independent air ofthe almostam- 
‘garmented swarthysAvab.iog loll dod 
2269 SOOTHER 'RUINSOF (BABYLON) ¥) it 
o Having disedssed) Hillah,' I shatkpro- 
‘eted to! theyinore interesting grounddh 
itsimmediateneighbourhood ,stilinamed 
‘by: the: Arabs’ Babel; :whileyits vast re- 
mainsilay!for-agesiim the depths of time, 
‘asmnich forgotten by the learned of: Eu- 
rope as!ifitilad been a city of the ante- 
dildvianse’ .(is/)i5 
oWSince the dayssof Alexander, we find 
four capitals; atleast; built out of her re- 
mains > Seleucia’ by: the: Greeks, Ctesi- 
phomby the Parthians, Al Maidanby the 
Persians; (Kufas by« thes Caliphs; with 
‘towns, villages, and caravansaries without 
umber. oThat the fragiients of one city 
should travel sofar,to build or repair the 
‘breaches: of :anotherpon:the first view of 
athe suibject,:appearcd: unlikely ‘te my- 
sself; ‘but: on travetsing the country be- 
tween the approximating shores’ of the 
atworivers, and observing all the facilities 
‘of »water-carriage from: one’ side to the 
@therpl could-no longer be ‘incredulous 
lof) whatthad ‘been told:me ; particularly 
when'scarceiia day passed «without my 
seeing people: digging ‘the mounds of 
Babylon:for bricks, which they carried 
tothe verge@ofthe Euphrates,and thence 
-Conveyéd ini boats«to» wherever ‘they 
dmightbewanteds » From the consequent 
fex¢avations in every possible shape and 
direction; thexregular lines of the original 
#uins have been so broken, that nothing 
ibut confusion as) seen to exist Between 
‘one course ‘and:another, when any tra- 
wveller would attemptjsecking a distinct 
plan anongst those eternally traversing 
minor heaps, hollows, and ravines. But 
certain’ hugesand) rugged ‘masses yet 
stand pre-eminent; which, by their-situ- 
ation;:and ‘other Joeal circumstances, 
seem sufficiently, to)warrant)the: conelu- 
sions! which: diave) beem drawn of; their 
original: purpose. «These vaster mounds 
are surrounded by subordinate xanges, 
now; bearing: ihe appearance of embank- 
aments5and«which, doubtless, have \been 
theseause: of tliciinterior pile’s:;campara- 
itively|animpaired state. oo The yearly 
overflowmg ofthe! whole country, from 
ithe decay ofthe eanils, made todrawloff 
the) superflux-cof! the; ziver, /havingofor 
ages swept unimpeded over the faces of 
‘all the rainsavhich hid not the protection 
of these, I may call them, dbreak-watérs, 
could not fail producing:the devastation 
weysec. » All-such exposed |parts | of the 
city must necessarily “be: broken down 
ro) 


‘imtowider‘and ‘more shapeless ruin, and 
be gradually washed! down into’ lower 
‘and lower‘ hillocks, ‘till, in‘most’ places, 
all'traces would-be entirely swept away- 
‘The piles whieh Iam now going to de- 
iséribeohave, ‘thercfore, not only ‘been 
sav¥ediby their'extraordinary. magnitude 
from theiover-topping of the floods; but 
their foundations greatly: preserved, by 
the majestic lengtl of these banks: in- 
closing them nearly on:allsides. 

The pre-eminent mounds axe three in 
number. © First; the’ Amran’ Hiil,; so 
named by Mrv Richin his “ Memoir on 
the Ruins of Babylon;” and who desig- 
nates it by that appellation, from its sup- 
porting a small tomb erected to the 
memory. of some personage of that 
name, said oto have been a ‘son of: the 
Caliph Ali, who» fell at the: battle of 
Hillah. -These must. be some mistake 
in this tradition; Ali, having: had only 
two sons, Hassan and: Hessein:> '‘The 
second pile is that called the Kasr, or 
palace, which. is\ separated, from’ the 
preceding by. a. distance: of) only) 75¢ 
yards. The third is ‘knewa) byo the 
appellation Mujelibé, or Maelouba, 
“the overturned.” It stands’ about,a 
mile and a half morthward) from the 
other. 

I shall begin my notice: of 'the great 
ruins on this bask) with a detail of :the 
Mujelibé. 

The Mujelibé stands about four miles 
north of Hillah,-on the eastern! sidé of 
the Euphrates; and, perhaps, it is:only 
second to: the Birs: Nimrood)\ ine being 
one of the most. gigantic: masses! :of 
brick-formed,earth that ¢verawas raised 
by the labour of man. >\1t is composed 
of these sun-dried materials, 1o: the pre- 
sent height of 140 feet.::.The:fonn;an 
oblong square; and, like the Birs, facing 
the four cardinal points) he;side.to 
the north measures, along lits dbase652 
feet; that; to the south 230) that othe 
east 230.; andthat ito the west 551.i; The 
summits abroad flat; »when icompared 
with: thes pyramidal) Birsy yet{ very un- 
even; its highest poiut being to the 
south cast, ayhere!it ‘forms an; angular 
kind of ‘peak; ‘sloping gradually down, in 
an oppdsile direction, upon the broad bo- 
somof theymound; toa depth of about 
400 feet. |, Regular lines of. clay brick- 
work are clearly aliseermible along each 
facez, and. those onj,the western front 
hear every, trace; of, .a,yperfectly straight 
wall, that appears,to, hawe cased and 
parapeted } this):side,of» the» pile. The 
angle. tothe south-west is rounded off ; 
but whether it thusomarks the original 

shape 


606 Sir R: Ker Porter's Travels in Georgia) Persia, Armenia, §¢.' 


shape of the corners, o¥ that time has 
worn this so, I do not'pretend ‘to say. 
Towards the bottom; Where it meets the 
Joose dust and ‘scattered’ fragments, it 
has mouldered® away’ in’ ‘an inward 
sloping direttibn, giving this'angle of the 
Mujelibé the singular effect of an ap- 
pending watch-tower.. ‘The decay at 
tlie base, andthe form in consequence, 
are obviously wrought by the casualties 
of weather; indcéd, ali the parts of this 
huge fabric have been terribly torn by 
‘the rain, which here seems to fall with 
the body and force of water-spouts ; the 
eastern face, in particular, is worn into 
a deep channel, nearly from the top to 
the bottom. However, all these depre- 
dations of the elements, bave only acted 
or this pile like the wrinkles on a buman 
face, marking the advance of years, with- 
out absolutely breaking the ‘general 
lineaments. ‘The sun-dried bricks, and 
mode of fixing them, differ in no respect 
in Mujelibé, from the method T had ob- 
‘served in’ most other massy fabrics 
‘throughout the general ruins; namely, 
the mixture of broken straw or reeds 
with the mud used as cement; also the 
fayers of perfect reeds between the hori- 
zoutal- courses of the bricks. In many 
of the other structares, the courses were 
of unequal heights, which these reed 
strata marked; but here, the straw line 
ran its unbroken length between the 
‘ranges of eyery single brick course. 
From the general appearance of this 
piece of ruin, I scarcely think that its 
solid elevation ‘has ever been much 
higher than it stands at present. I have 
no doubt’of its having been a ground- 
work, or magnificent raised platform, 
‘(like that of Persepolis, though there it 
‘was of the native rock ;) to ‘sustain 
“habitable buildings » of ‘consequence. 
‘The whole’ of ihe existing’ mass’ bears 
that'afhiit y with thoselalready deseribed, 
“as to'Idad'uS to'conclude, it must’ have 
heen superficéd from the base to the sum- 
mit with “the ‘ustial ‘firé-burnt bricks ; 
where ‘lofty battlements “of the ‘saitie 
“would inclose the edifices its amplearea 
‘had beet! platined’to’eontain! “Phat'it 
“has been oceupiéd’ by various buildings, 
is sufficiently proyed' by the frasments of 
such, covering ‘the whole wide surface. 
Several ‘deep “eXcavation’ have’ ‘beén 
“made, in’ different’ pla&es! into the’ sidés 
of -the mound 5 ‘sonie, probably, by ‘the 
“wearing of the seasons, according tothe 
‘effects described above ; but many others 
have been’ dug’ by ‘the rapacity ‘of the 
‘ Turks, tearing up its bowels in''search 


of hidden’ treastre, ''Sevéf:l penetrate 
very far ito the body of the ‘stracture, 
making angtilar tu¥ningss atid some, it 
is likely, have never yet beer explured, 
tlie wild “bedsts' of ‘the desert Nitcially 
keeping guard’ over ‘them. Tw “short; 
these ‘souteraing, over which tlie”ehati- 
bers’ of majesty ‘may have been’spredd, 
are‘now ‘thé refuge of jackalls'and other 
savage animals.” The iionths' of their 
entrancés are'sttewéed with the bones’of 
sheep and’ goats; and ‘the loathsonte 
smell that issues from’ mjost’of them is 
sufficient warning not\'to’ proceed into 
the den. However, itito somé f" those 
which exhibited thé fewest Of tieve’ sig- 
nals, I ventured to'go'a ViltleWay.!'""T 
found the rceds'in “its sides as pliable 
and fresh as‘if théy ‘liad been gathered 
yesterday. From ‘amongst thei’ pro- 
jected a huge bean’ Of date-tree, nearly 
in a state of détay, ‘Phe Wall of one 
side of this passage; as ‘fay'as I’ weiit 
down, is formed’ of burnt ‘brick inter- 
mixed ‘with sundried) and evidently 
constructed ‘in ‘haste, ‘being’ merely a 
front of mortar and eastial bricks; put to- 
gether without ‘regular arrangemeit + 
trom which may be condlided, that the 
bodies found here had not’ been ‘dépo- 
sited in a spot’ originally’ jitended for 
that purpose. BPR HOMRAL. OF 
In traversing the summit ‘of the 
Mujelibé, T observed, on’a spot abot 
twenty feet lower than its highest’ point, 
a great portion of erect building} simodth 
and well finished ; another similar piece 
of wall joined it, forming, tégettier,’ an 
angle that seemed part’ of some former 
chamber in the solid’ body” of ‘the’ pile. 
‘Between these walls, loose fragments 
had either fallen’ in; or been east’ there 
purposely; bnt confused as ‘they ‘were, 
the irregular heaps were bout together 
‘with ‘mortar. ot fat distant from ‘this 
angular remains, and towards the western 
end, a sort of circular lump of brick- 
‘Work, tapering towards ‘the 46p, rises 
froma deep bed’ of rubbish In’ this 


‘fragment, each 'stratam of mortar is four 
“inches and a half’ thick, while the inter- 


“mediate! courses ‘of: brick are’ ese 
broken’ pieées, thrown together without 


‘the ‘smallest ‘care } but! the bardiiess 6f 
“the? ‘tass? is inconceivable. ° From’ its 
“lower extremity being so deéply*buiiéd 


im dast and rubbish, T cowld not inspeet 
it te'any depth. "The whole surface of 


“this ivreetlar, cliff-topped ‘ruiti, “is eo- 
ivered with the remnants of its fornier’sa- 
“perstructure, bat I was unable to get 
i event lone brick entire; 'to bring away! A 


“stamp 


Sir R. Ker Porter's Travels. in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, &c. 607 


stamp, of ‘seven lines, however, seemed 
traceable on most of the fractured pieces 
I.took. up to.examine,, This huge, mass 
stands, totally unconnected. with, any, 
other. whatever, if,we may..except the 
remains of protecting lines of wall or em- 
bankment, which,.at certain distances, 
surround. it, on. three of its sides, that. is, 
to, the,,east, north, and. west... The 
western line now terminates near a cous 
ple.of, small modern canals; but there 
ean.bardly be a doubt that. it; originally 
extended to the shore of, the Euphrates, 
whence.theMujelibé. is, distant little: 
more than half a mile. .. 

With regard..to. what. the Mujelibé 
really, was,;my ideas.are,to be drawn 
from what I saw, when, compared) with 
-certain.representations:1 have read con- 
eerning Babylon... All ancient authors 
who, have .written-on.the subject, speak 
of, its,‘( Fortified Palace.” In which 
title, we. must . understand _ a), fortified 
space, of sufficient extent to contain the 
terraced. habitation. of , the, sovereign, 
with his,courts of pomp and ceremony, 

is private temples. to, the gods, his.per- 
sonal. treasury,.and. residences for: his 
officers; of state; and, besides, strong 
lodgments,on the embattled surrounding 
walls, a, fortress, or citadel, to garrison 
the royal body-guard. The situation. and 
style;ef the Mujelibé seem to mark it 
eut.to aye been the citadel of this em- 
battled. palace. Not only its superior 
magnitude presents it as the fittest plat- 
form for military erections and exercises, 
but itscontiguity to the river, and its 
commanding, power of observation on 
all sides, proclaim it, of all others now 
traceable, to be that of most extensive 
command... Hence, to, that purpose I 
would, venture. to assign its original 
destination;and to some period in its 
besieged states, attribute the inhumed 
remains. 

KASR, OR, PALACE, 

_L shall now. proceed to, the. descrip- 
Aion of the remains of ,this.palace, ac- 
cording to the belief, of all, who. haye 
visited the: spot, that it, is.found in the 
wast mound or hill, called by, the natives 
Ahatof the Kasr.., This mass, after the 
Mujelibé,is certainly the most august.on 
Ahis side of the river, standing above,the 
igeneral level, full seventy... feet. 
length is, nearly, 800, yards, its breadth 
600, ; but ifs form is now very irregular. 
Much ofthe local, which this interesting 
spot presented, to the Abbé Beauchamp 
in 1782, and 1o.Mr. Rich.in,1811, has 
now, totally disappeared; the. aspect of 
the;summit and sides suffering constant 


Its ; 


changes from: the everlasting digging in 
its apparently.inexhaustible quarries for 
brick, of .the.strongest and finest mate~ 
rial. From these incessant depredations, 
the whole mass. is furrowed ;into deep 
ravines, many, of considerable length and 
width, crossing, and recrossing each 
other in every direction ; indeed, there is 
hardly a ridge of the mound left that 
does not, at intervals of. ten or fifteen 
feet, slope into: hollows of from forty to 
fifty feet in depth, and some eyen deeper. 
From the unbroken succession of these 
traders. in brick, during the progress of 
so many ages, and the system still going 
on, the minor features of the place are 
not only altered, but the whole surface 
kept in'so decomposed a state, that at 
every step we made, we sunk into dust 
and rubbish. 

In making my own observations on 
the entire mound of the Kasr, througlr 
all the mutations it had undergone dur- 
ing the lapse of seven years, (which,was: 
the space of time between my visit and 
that of Mr. Rich,) I still found, deep in 
the ravines, considerable pieces of wall 
standing; also detached masses of, the 
same, composed of furnace-burnt bricks, 
of a beauty, admirable masonry, .and 
freshness, that indeed struck me with 
similar amazement, when IL. reflected 
that thousands of years had passed away 
since their insertion. It was only 
amongst the huge fragments lying thus 
low in the foundations, that. I observed 
bitumen had been used as a.cement be- 
tween each course of brick: in, all other 
parts of the structure, which appeared 
of sufficient height to be beyond the 
probable reach of water or damp, neither 
bitumen nor reeds could be traced; ,a 


its necessary, attendant, cements, 
inspecting the fragments, accessible to 
examination, I found; that the face of 
eyery brick, (thats, the surface where 
the inscription is stamped,). was Inva- 
riably placed downwards; and, where 

bitumen 


608 
bitumen ‘bad ‘boen ‘used; the backs «of 
cach course’ s0 ‘disposed, were then co- 
vered with a layer .of bitumen, on which 
reeds “were ‘spread, or Jaid’ in-regnlar 
matting ; and on thisicareful preparation, 
the face ‘of the succeeding course of 
bricks ‘was’ bedded; which preserving 
management, i seme measure, accounts 
for the’astonishingly fresh state in which 
the ifscriptious on their surfaces are ge- 
nerally presented. Ihave an exception 
or two in my possession; having picked 
up several pieces of the brick, where the 
charactets have been totally filled up 
by the bitumen; an accident likely to 
happen, from the alnost fluid state of 
the petroleum when first applied, Spe- 
cimens of the actual reed or matting 
bave never yet been found here, even in 
breaking up any of its walls; though im- 
pressions of the (now mouldered) inter- 
sccting weavings of the straw remain 
perfectly legible on the pitchy covering 
of the bricks. How faithfully do these 
vestiges agree with the method of builds 
ing in Babylon, as described by Werodo- 
tus! | fe observes, that the bricks 
intended for the walls were formed of the 
clay dug from the great diteh that 
backed them: they were baked in large 
furnaces; and, in order to join them to- 
gether in building, warm bitamen was 
used; and between each course of thirty 
bricks, beds of reeds were laid inter- 
woven together. "The bitumen (he con- 
tinucs to tell us), is drawn from certain 
pits in the neighbourhood of Is, a town 
on the Euphrates. These pits exist to 
this day ; the town in their vicinity now 
bearing the name of Hit or Heet ; it lies 
about four days’ journey north-west of 
Bagdad, and is on the western bank of 
the river. 

I have already stated its present di- 
mensions ; and that its whole exterior is 
one mass of rugged surface, and deeply 
caverned hollows. The piles of wall, to 
which the natives haye more peculiarly 
viven the name of the Kasr, or Palace, 
still stand in striking remnants, from six- 
icen to cighteen feet above the general 
line of the broken summit, Parts. of 
ihem are so connected as to give indica- 
tions of their haying originally formed 
several square picrs, or supports, rather 
than distinct ranges of chamber or tower 
walls. Their. thickness,_in general, 
measures from eight 1o_nine_feet ; and 
their. materials. are. so. strongly _ce- 
mented, that, ia spite of the; bricks being 
the hardest of any, E had hitherto met 
with, [ found, they, would not bear de- 
taching fiom the mortar ; in short, it was 


Sir Ry Ker Povter’s Travets in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, &c. 


nearly impossible to separate them : and 
to' this circumstance the present masses 
owe their preservation. The bricks of 
which they are composed are‘ofa very 
pale yellow ; having so fresh an appear- 
ance as’to strike’me at first, as they did 
Mr. Rich, with an idea of their hav 

heen‘ a’ more modern ‘erection than’ the 
mound; ‘bit, on a minute examination, 
no doubt remained on my mitid of ‘their 
equal ‘antiquity. © After’ ‘cotisiderable 
labour, I succeeded iv having several 
pieces of the brick chipped off from an 
immense fragment wich had fallen’ from 
an adjacent mass; and, on eledring my 
specimens from the lower ‘eoutse,’ I 
plainly traced sufficient of the cuneiform 
characters, to discover them to be parts 
of inscriptions in seven lines, Each 
brick was placed with its written face 
downwards, on a layer of cement’ so 
sparing, that it did’ not exceed the twen- 
tieth part of an inch in thickness ; appear- 
ing, where it united the two bricks, like 
a fine white line, subdivided by another 
of a reddish brown, with a granulated © 
sparkling effect. ‘The hardness Of this’ 
mass was inconccivable; anid it seemed 
notless wonderful that'so slender a Miso 
of cement should hold so ‘tenaciously its 
respective courses of such “massive 
bricks. I was also much struck with 


-the singular appearance of several of 


these buttress-like walls, standing, or 
rather ivelining from their centre, as if 
shaken by some convulsion of nature : 
part are half torn asunder; and others 
seem actually pushed beyond the smooth 
and regular line of their original front. 
On examining a projecting ledge thus 
formed, and Jooking up under its pro- 
truding bricks, I plainly discerned the 
cunciform inscriptions on their down- 
ward faces, thus exposed ; a sufficient 
proof of the very ancient antiquity of the 
structure, notwithstanding the fresh, un- 

tarnished aspect of the materials. 
Standing, as 1 believed myself to be, 
over, part of the foundations of one of 
these yenerable specimens of building, 
of ages so near the first fathers of man- 
kind, it was with, inexpressible regret 
that I found the avenues of search closed 
in. many places. which bad admitted 
Mr. Rich to the most interesting par- 
ticulars.of his examination. The lower 
distxibation of the serdaubs, dark cham- 
bers, and numerous intricate passages, 
have Jeng been broken, up,.or.impene- 
trably. buried; and. the sabterraneous 
way,,near the ravine, which our British 
resident, bas, described. with so. much 
valuable precision, is mow. completely 
Jost. 


Sir R. Ker Porter’ Travels in Geotgia, Persia, Armenia, &c. 


lost. Some: persons have considered it 
to. have been.a drain; but.its dimensions 
appear.too large for sucha purpose, and. 
its .situation-not low, enough. in the foun 
dation to haye been, intended. to, carry 
off}, any. superflux. of ,waters from the 
entire /building:; -hence, 1, regard it .as 
no other than one of the. many. passages, 
which, in, every. direction, »must' have 
traversed»so comprehensive an edifice. 

‘Fhe, Kasr mound is divided from the 
Amran. Hill, sby, a space, in extent 
about, 800, yards; which space is. sub- 
divided, -by:a» long. low..mound_ of 
ridges, running cast and west; at the 
atter extremity it unites.with a trans- 
verse. sidge of, greater. altitude, and 
nearly 100. yards in breadth, which ex- 
tends from the south-west angle of the 
Kasr Hill to almost the extreme north- 
west, point of the Amran Hill. . This 
line of mound runs. parallel with the 
piece. of embankment. deserted by the 
river. It.is not. improbable that. the 
broad summit. may_ have. originally 
formed a grand terraced avenue between 
the,.two divisions of the. palace which 
occupied. these opposite mountains of 
structure. _And_ here it may not be ir- 
releyant to remind my reader, that, if 
we are c suppose there was any affinity 
in,the plans of ancient Eastern palaces, 

¢ must not. expect to find the ruins of 
the palace of Babylon confined to one 
mound ; but that its various compart- 
ments, private and ceremonial, gardens, 
&c, (like the remains at Persepolis, on 
their different stages,) would be spread 
over several of these venerable hills. 
The attendant buildings, civil and mi- 
litary, would stand in every direction, 
within the embatiled walls. 

The surface of the flat ground which 
lies between the two leading hills, is 
covered with long rank grass, the soil 
being very soft and damp. The great 
mass of the Amran spreads. over a. 
vaster expanse every way, than that of 
the Kasr; and, with the exception of 
the height gained by the surmounting: 
standing wall of the latter, appears quite’ 


as high. The form of the Aman is’ 
triangular; the south-west face, ex-° 


tending 10 ‘a line of 1400 yards, the 
eastern to 1100, the northern to 8503 
the whole of which ‘stupendous heap is’ 
broken like that of the Kasr, into deep 
caverned ravines, and long winding 
furrows. I conclude it to be exhausted 
of all its extractable bricks, from finding” 
it totally abandoned by the’ people who 
dig in ‘search of them: the whole surface 
now appearing to the éye nothing but a 
Montuty Mag, No. 870. 


609 


vast irregular hill,of earth, mixed, with 
fragments of brick, pottery, vitrifications, 
mortar, bitumen; ‘&c.,; ,while-the| foot, at 
every step, sinks into |the loose,dust.and 
rubbish. ,.On, the most, elevated jspot 
towards its south-western! brow,, stands 
the; tomb.of Amran, now inhabited, bya 
living, as, well.as.a dead saint;.a-Sheah 
Saied..(or holy, disciple, of the sect of 
Ali) having taken up;his quarters, there. 
The good man, did not seem,in the least 
alarmed by. the evil demons, which. he, 
in common with the \Arahs about, be- 
lieved to haunt all the ruins; the.sacred 
bones of the kinsman of Ali were suffi- 
cient’ protection. . Before the western 
face of the hill, extends a consider- 
able line of flat_ ground, bounded on 
its opposite side by the river’s, high 
embankment. 

My object being to ascertain whether 
there were, or were not, any signs, how- 
ever small, of former building on the 
western bank; and particularly in any 
line parallel to those I had been exa- 
mining on the eastern shore, we did not, , 
in passing through the larger suburb, of 
Hillah, quit it by the Thamasia, or 
western gate, which pointed almost di- 
rect to Birs Nimrood; but left the town 
by the gate nearest to the river, and which 
gave our march a northerly direction. 
About fifty yards to the north-west of 
the village of Anana, rises a rather con- 
siderable ridge of mounded earth, four- 
teen feet high, running due, north for 
three hundred yards, then forming a 
right angle due east, fakes that direction 
till it meets the river. All around was 
very low and marshy; and the mounds . 
in question were nearly all I could, see 
for a good way up, along this bank of. 
the stream. ’ Mictinyee! 9 

Having traversed -the plain north- 
west for some time, in search of farther 
mounds in that direction, T turned, dis-* 
appointed, and bent my way south-west, 
keeping Birs Nimrood in my eye. After 
riding onward about'a mile, I found the 
little vegetation which cheered the waste 
gradually ‘disappear, and the ground 
become pérfectly sterile.” All over this 
surface-evident marks are visible of its 
having been formerly covered with build 
ings; these indications increased at every 
step, till, after such growing proofs for 
more than a mile, we came to a nume- 
rous, and very conspicuous assemblage 
of mounds; the most considerable of 
which, was ‘abont thirty-five feet in 
height; atid fromits elevated summit I 
observed that the face of the country, 
both to the north and'the south, for up- 

4H wards 


610 


wards of .a mile, either way, bore ,the 
same hillocky,appearance; besides being 
thickly scattered, with, those. fragments 
of past habitations, which, in all, Baby- 
Jonian ruins, haye,so, particularly marked 
their character... From:the highest point, 
I took.the following bearings: Mujelibe 
N.,40° E..;,tree on the Kasr N. 56° E.; 
Amran, Tomb. N....80° E.;,.Mesched 
Esshems,S, 65° .E.; Birs Nimrood. 8, 
25° W.. Here, doubtless, is the. trace 
of a building, of considerable | conse- 
quence. The extent of its mounds and 
ruins-tracked ground, seemed more than 
two. miles; and, having traversed, that 
extent to the south-west, I found the 
hilly vestiges. did, nat cease.for a mile 
beyond. Here, I think, it is possible, I 
may. have found the site. of, the old or 
lesser palace; which, probably, was the 
temporary;abode, of Alexander, during 
bis,,inspection, of his workmen, while 
clearing away. the. ruins, of its fallen su- 
persiructures from the base of thetemple 
of Belus... In the midst, of the labour, 
and, after, having been engaged nearly 
two months in that attempt, we are told 
that he died; but previous to the event, 
he ordered himself to be ‘“‘removed from 
his residence on.one side of the river, to 
his palace onthe other 2” and, the eastern 
having been the most stately of the two, 
we can hardly.entertain a doubt of its 
having also. been. the. conqueror’s sta- 
tionary. habitation. 

Having, duly, explored this second 
specimen, of considerable remains, we 
came.out upon a good deahof cultivated, 
ground; over which we took our course 
for more than,a, mile, when we arrived 
at the banks, of a. canal, the bed of which 
we crossed; .and half a mile more 
brought us to an extensive, wood of 
date-trees, in the bosom. of which stands 
the village of, "Chamasia. We did not 
halt there, but passed on over two miles 
of cultivation and, bigh grass ; at which 
extremity, a, vast, tract opened. before 
us, covered with every. minor vestige of 
former buildings; and. which, appear- 
ances, continued, the whole way.to. the 
eastern verge of the boundary. around 
Birs Nimrood,, a distance, of , nearly. a 
mile and three-qnarters, . "These, re- 
mains seem, to my..apprehension, not 
only to establish the fact, that the wes- 
tern. plain of the Euphrates sustained. 
its portion of the city of, Babylon, as 
well as the eastern bank, but that Birs 
Nimrood, otherwise the temple of Relus, 
did actually, stand in one division of the 
eity.. Indeed, if the recorded dimen-, 
sions of Babylon are compared with the 


far to find their lair. 


Sir R. Ker Porters Travelsin Georgia, Persiay Armenia, &c. 


relative situation. of that, extraordinary 
pile; andejthe traceable, Liuildings.still 
extant, it will) be found, that.the, Birs 
must}, have! stood, even far withim the 
computed limits, of the:city. nisjeco o 
a ee 3h SE obIONS (si .comuA odie 
An, this my, second, visit to, Birs Nim- 
rood, while) passing rapidly, over the last 
tracks:-of; the) rnin, spread, ground, oat 
some little distance from the, outerbaak 
of its quadrangular-boundary,my,party 
suddenly, halted ; haying. deseried)«se- 
veral dark. objevts| moving ,along: the 
summit of its hill, whieh they construed 
into dismounted Arabs on the look-out, 
while their armedibrethrem must bedying 
concealed under the, southern brow, \of 
the mound, »./Phinking: ;thisy Nery, pro- 
bable, I took out my; glass ‘to.examine, 
and soon, distinguished that) ihe;causes 
of our alarm were two or-three majestic 
lions, taking the;air upon the, heights of 
the pyramid. .; Perhaps: Lineyer had; be- 
held so sublime a-picture to the mind, 
as well.as.to the eye. | “Ehese werea 
species, of enemy which my party were 
accustomed 4o dread without) anyepanic 
fear; and, while. we, continued; too au- 
vance, though. slowly, the hallooing.of 
the people made.the noble, beasts gra- 
dually change.their- position, till;jin, the 
course of twenty minutes, they) totally 
disappeared... We. then; rode ,close up 
to the ruins; and [ had, once more the 
gratification of ascending the awful,sides 
of the tower of Babel....In my-progress 
I stopped, several times, to Jook,at the 
broad prints of the feet. of the lions,,Jeft 
plain in the clayey. (soil;, and, by) the 
track, I saw. that if we bad) chosen, to 
rouse such royal game, we need ‘not go 
But; while; thus 
actually. contemplating. these . savage 
tenants, wandering amidst the, towers of 
Babylon, and bedding themselves within 
the deep cavities of, her once magnificent 
temple, IL could not help. reflecting, on 
how faithfully, the, various, .propheeies 
had_been fulfilled, which: relate, in, the 
Scriptures, to, the utter fall of; Babylon, 
and abandonment.of the. place.;, verify- 
ing, in fact, the very.words of.Isaiah, 
——‘* Wild beasts..of the ,desert,shall, hie 
there ; and the, houses, shall .be full,of 
doleful creatures: owls shall! dwell there, 
and dragons, shall, ery. in, the, .pleasant 
places.” ; 


) AL HYMER, ON, THE EASTERN. SHORE: 


, November: 22d.— Another; gigantic 
abject, worthy of note, lay, pretty far, on 
the.eastern side of the Euphrates ;. and, 
again attended. by my escort, I set forth 
this morning to resume my,researches 

in 


Sir R. Ker Porter's Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, &c. 611 


in’ that quarter,’ 'The ‘pile’ in view ‘is 
called Al Hymer-°oIts distance from 
the western suburb of Hillah cannot be 
less than eight miles and ‘a lralf} and from 
the eastern bank°of the! Buphrates"op*+ 
posite Anana, ina direct line it may be 
about seve niles and achalf.’ On clear- 
ing the gardens in the vicinity of Hillah, 
we bent our course north 30° east, for 
fall’ an’ hour.’ ‘The ‘country, as usual, 
was perfectly flat, except where imter- 
rupted ‘by tlic endless traversings of old 
vanal eds ;some of which are of prodi- 
gidas width; ‘und of an answering depth 
and *steepiess, often so abrupt as ‘to 
be (exededitigly' troublesome to pass. 
Having ridden ‘anchour, we took’ a di- 
rection °due ‘east, crossing, at different 
distances, three other canals in a course 
from°north *to south;-the last of the 
three was'very'wide, and’not more than 
a mile*from Al) Hymer, the’ whole of 
which ‘intervening space is covered with 
broken bricks, pottery, glass, and all the 
other'usual relics of Babylonian ruins. 
‘Whico we reached the ‘great mound it- 
self, which ‘had long been a conspicuous 
object above the horizon, I found it to 
be pyramidal, with numerous dependant 
simaller* mounds: Its base was nearly 
circular, in circumference 276 yards, 
and in height about 60. One-third of its 
elevation is Composed of unburnt brick, 
the Yest' of the pile of that which has 
passed through the fire. 

~OWhile’standing on the mount of Al 
Hy mer, we perceived, at some little dis- 
4anee“to ‘the eastward, a considerable 
group of ‘mounds, appearing nearly 
eqtial°in’ height ‘to the one we then oc- 
: eupied. Po these we directed our horses’ 
heads; ‘afid found the distance between 
the’ one we left and those to which we 
were going, about 1656 yards ; the inter- 
mediate track- being divided by a deep 
and highly embanked old canal, which 
yan south 25° east. “On its first appear- 
ance it gave me so much the idea of a 
ruined wall; that 1 conceived it possible 
to have here found some’ trace of ‘the 
long-sought ‘boundary of Babylon ; but 
of! Close’ examination, like searching for 
the philosopher’s stone, the pursuit still 
ended “in disappointment. ~~ Nitrous 
tracks; aiid other incontestible vestiges of 
former ancient’ buildings, spread’ all’ the 
way from the mount of Al Hymer to 
the bank of this ‘old wafer-channel, and 
beyond it, even to the base of the vaster 
motinds we approached. | Minor cleva- 
tidns covered the’ plain on every side ; 
and we quickly ascended the highest: of 
the prominent group.’ It was not inte- 


- 


rior in’ height to Al Hymer, and of the 
same conical forny. ' From its base three 
branches projected, of less élevation ; 
two running southward and south-west ; 
and’ ‘the ‘third; thé longest, to the north; 
from whieli struck out easteri aiid’ west- 
ern rainifieations. ‘This’ central mound, 
and its adjanets, stood perfectly de- 
tached from all others, in an open area; 
nearly surrounded towards the north and 
north-east by a deep chain of ‘minor 
mounds, covered with tlhe usual frag- 
ments of scattered ruin. 
* The distance from’ Al Hymer to the 
shores of ‘the Euphrates, béing ‘close 
upon eicht miles, puts it out of the ques- 
tion to suppose it could have ever stood 
within the limits of Babylon, or even 
formed any part of its great bulwarked 
exterior wall; yet, from every internal 
proof, it isa structure of the Babylonian 
age. [ do not doubt that Al Hymer, 
with its minor mounds, and all the others, 
great and small, east of the canal (long 
before the intrusion of that canal and its 
neighbours,) formed one place’; but of 
what sort, we are left to conjecture ; and 
LT venture to think not improbably one of 
the colleges or towns, dedicated to the 
astronomersand soothsayers of Babylon. 
In Al Hymer, we may find ‘the pyrami- 
dal pile whence the heayens were ex- 
plored; and in the larger and lesser 
mounds, and other vestiges of building, 
the remains of former temples, mansions, 
&ce. bélonging to the Sabian philosophers, 
prophets, and other sages, with their dis- 
ciples attendant on the knowledge of the 
stars. eh 
THE EUPHRATES. ‘ 
The Euplirates, (on whose’ banks 1 
had passed so many interestifg’ hours,) 
though not so rapid as its’ sister ‘stream, 
is infinitely more majestic, and Claims a 
longer course, risitig from three sources 
amongst the mountains “of “Armenia. 
‘The most distant, spritzs 4 few miles to 
the north of Arzeroom, ‘where ‘it bears 
the name of ‘the Kara-Soa, a title com- 
mon to streams‘in Persia. | Thie second 
source (rises about thirty miles South of 


‘Atzeroom, and’is called the ‘West Frat ; 


and the tbird spring's many miles to the 
east, not far from Bayazid. After flow- 
ing thus in three’currents fo the sonth- 
west, through many ‘a wild glen and rich 
valley, ‘all onite!'in one channel at the 
foot of the mountains, (nearly opposite 
the source of the Tigris ; and thence 
Winding on it fall stream, south and 
South-west, in d Correspondity course to 
thit of the Tigris, the two rivers form a 
junction at Korma ; and under the appel- 

Jation 


612 


Jation, of the Shat-el- Arab, “the. river, of 
Arabia,” roll.on in onenoble flood;to.the 
Persian Gulf, seventy,miles south of 
Bussora., The, name, of. Phrat, or Ka- 
phrates,, Josephus; describes as derived 
from words denoting fruitfulness, .or dis- 
persion, and eithenapply to thejhistory. of 
this river,,..Its course comprehends, an 
extent of fourteen, hundred miles, but its 
width, varies considerably during solong 
ajourmey... , ; 

SUSA,.OR SHUSHAN, | : 

My next object of research was Susa. 
‘Major Monteith had visited that spot.a 
few. years, before, in company with Mr. 
Macdonald . Kinnier;.and, his, account, 
communicated to me at Tabreez, when 
laying down my, route for the south of 
Persia, redoubled my curiosity to inspect 
the same remains. But having, been 
obliged to relinquish all in that tract.of 
the exasperated Arabs, as well asin their 
ranges on the banks of the Euphrates, I 
must,connect the chain of my narrative 
by, .retrospections from, the information 
of my. friend, ‘ 

The.ruins of Susa, in themselves, pre- 
sent) an; appearance. not at all unlike 
those of Babylon, being a succession of 
similar mounds, covered with fragments 
of bricks, tiles, &c.. and, stretching over a 
space ef country to the extent of ten or 
twelve miles,,.Of these mounds, two 
stand. pre-eminent, and of enormous ex- 
panse; one being in) circumference. a 
mile, ,aud); the other nearly two; their 
height measures,about:150 feet. They 
are composed, of huge masses of sun- 
dried bricks,,and courses of burnt brick 
aud mortar,.and stand) not.very far from 
the banks, of the; Kerrah, or Kara-Sou ; 
from, whosejeastern shore the vestiges of 
this famous, capital are yet traceable 
nearly to; the banks.of the Abzal, ap- 
proaching the town. of, Desphoul..,. The 
people ;of, the; country distinguish, these 
two great, mounds, by, the namesof the 
Castle, and ,the. Palace; and at, the foot 
of, the; langest appears,a little dome-like 
building,, under,,.which travellers, are 
shewn the tomb,of..the, prophet Daniel. 
A. dervise resides there, impressed with a 
helief. of its peculiar, sanctity, and, who 
points to, the graye of the inspired,son -of; 
Judah, with as.much,lomage;as ifjitibe- 
longed to one. of his.own most-respected; 
imauns.., ‘Though covered by,/this mo-! 
dern,structure,) no, doubt.is held, by, Jew; 
Arab, or: Mussulman,,of the,great anti- 
quity of, the tomb, beneath; all, bearing 
the same tradition, that it; indeed.con- 
tains» the, remains, of; the. prophet. 
Prideaux caltulates.that he died.at Sasa; 


Sir R. Ker Porter's Travels in. Georgia, Persia, Armenia, §c. 


some time.inithe thied on fourth year: of 
Cyrus's) empire overthe Babylonians} of 
w greabage; having! been pladedoin'o- 
vertiment there by that’ king?°atid the 
same ‘author remarks, that “Jos ‘pus 
mentions a famousedifice built by, aniel 
at 'Susa, in ‘the ‘manner pandas: le, 
Which, thé Jewish historian adds, was, re- 
maining, in, his. time,.. and ,had.-been 
finished with, such, wonderful, art,that 
even then it seemed as freshiand beauti- 
ful as if only newly built. Within this 
edifice, he continues, was the place 
where the Persian:andyPacthian kings 
used. to. be burieds and, for/ihe sake of 
the founder, the keeping: ofsat amered 1 
mitted to one/of the ewisly natiéh, even 
at thatday...[tihmust beodbseérvedothat 
the copies of Josephiusnowextantdo.ins 
deed place’ this buildingyin: Kcbatanarini 
Media; but St2d erome, :whovalso gives 
an account: of it; arid! professes:to dooso 
word for wordoutof Josephus; places it 
in Susa in Persia;avhich makes it! plain 
that the: copyef Josephus lie quoted had 
it sow Andes that mostcdikelyeis the trae 
reading ; for Susahaving been witlimithe 
Babyloniam empire, (before it cameyinto 
the possession’ of Cyrusy)!the! Seriptures 
tell us that Daniel! sometimes resided 
there; anda common tradition*hasiex= 
isted in those parts forages, that Daniel 
died in that city, and:there théyshewrhis: 
monument ‘unto ‘this day.) |The sitevof 
this once noble metropolis ofthe ancient 
princes’ of Elamisisnow a mere wilder~ 
ness, given up»to: beasts /of prey pnowhu~ 
man being disputing their reign; except 
ing the poor dervise*who keeps*wateli’ 
over the tomb. of ‘the: prophet. 10’ The 
friend to whom Iam indebted for ‘the’ 
outlines I subjoin,:passedthe night wn 
der the same protection, listening'to the 
screams of -hyzenas, ‘and the) roaring: of 
lions, » wandering © around) “its? solitary 

walls. hoiealMte 6 199 
RECOLLECTIONS & REFLECTIONS, 

PERSONAL AND POLITICAL, °°" 

ae as Connected with 7 
Op UBLIC’ AFFATRs,’ 

oe 5 Witte et 
“THE REIGN OF GEORGE Tit. 
capa (BXJOHN NICHOLLS, Es@si! oh uoe 


Member.of the House.of Commons in:thell5th, 16th 
2 Mad Laur Papliaments of Greut Lpicleng ; , 
slunio! | : 101 Sf 


»A ont 1 BOF Bye ood bediols 


[Mr. Nicholls ‘having published ‘a second 
“Volume-of "his Recollections; aiid his en- 
-ifire work being the result of fits per- 
isoual observations during along poli- 
tical fe; we considerita duty to present 

our 


Nicholls's Recollections ‘and Reflections. 


sonnreaders with some flirthenextracts,: 
» Happy: would it bexforthe world, df all 
amen, of Mr..N,’s profound -viewsswere 
,at the-same time, of, life, to\;commit; to 
etiting, the. results, of their experiences 
soptiyt sneceeding age. would then be ena-, 
a) ed to profit by the occnrrences. of, the 
“preceding age; and, books, instead of 
““bemg filled ‘with the tniversal proposi- 
“tions and ‘the crudities of youthful pre- 
?£stimp tion} might be consulted ‘as deposi- 
itortes of wisdom.) ; 


ids nidii WV i 


sosiq sds 28 : 
eon) el DEATH ‘OF '(BYNG, 
eRe Byne>was: tried) by «a 
mocourt martial under the’ 12th Arti- 
ele of. Wary: which ‘runs i thus :‘* Every 
persobimthe fleet, who; through coward- 
ice, obegligence, or disaffection, shall in 
time of action witlidraw, ‘or’ keep back, 
er; nob:come into:thesfight or engage- 
ancnt, oor shallonot do his utmost to: en- 
gage; dake-oridestroy every ship which it 
shall be hisiduty to'engage, and to assist 
and relieve all andevery one of His Ma- 
jesty’sships; or thoseofhis allies, which 
it:|shalli be bis duty to assist and relieve, 
exeryssuch person:so. offending, and be- 
ing uconvicted thereof by the sentence of 
@ court martial,shall suffer death.” The 
courtsmartial declared that ‘Admiral 
Byng had:not failed from cowardice, nor 
from: disaffection, noredid they accuse 
him)of négligence ; but found that he 
hadinot doneshisoutmost to destroy the 
eneiy’s »ships: ‘They therefore pro- 
nouneed ybim ‘guilty. under part ol ‘the 
12th Article of War,in not having done 
his utmostto destroy. the enemy’s ships, 
and! for this;omissiun sentenced him to 
be! shot, but unanimously recommended 
him to. the King’s «mercy... Common 
sepse must poipt.out to every man, that 
io, constitute guilt under this Article of 
Wap, there! must in the naval officer have 
been an omission to do his utmost either 
from=cowardice; or disaffection, or neg- 
ligence ; ‘and that the oniission to do his 
utmost to.destroy .the ,enemy’s; ships, 
where such omission doves not arise from 
one of these motives, doesnot amount to 
a crime within this Article of War. But 
it suited the ministers that Byng should 
be shot. Notwithstanding the recom- 
mendation*to.merey by the’ court mar- 


tial, the King immediately signeda ware 


vant for his execution, Parl ‘Temple, 
who had been First Lord of the Admi- 
ralty on the removal of. Lord Anson, to- 
wards, the close of; the:ycar (1756, and 
the other commissioners.of .the.Admi- 
ralty, refused to eountersign thewarrant. 
This occasionedsome.delay; but tlie ex. 
3 


613 


ministers’ ultimately prevailed, and Ad- 
miral Byug was shot; to shelter a culpa- 
ble administration. 

“Ft would? be ‘preswmption in’ me ‘to 
offer any Opinion as’ to’ ‘the plan which 
Admiral Byng had adopted for attack- 
ine’ ‘tie fleet ‘of M. dela Galissivnére. 
The French flect fey to, expecting our 
attack. “Admiral ‘Byng proposed to go 
down ib 4 slanting Tine tor the purpose 
of preventing his ships from bemy raked. 
Admiral West* disobeyed) these orders, 
and went down in’ & straight line. Se- 
veral ships of his division were raked 
and disabléd ; from which circumstance, 
the continuance of the ‘attack was no 
longer “praeticable.’ Admiral | Vernon 
publicly declared, thatithe mode of at- 
tack proposed: by Admiral Byng was 
judicious, and that it failed through the 
disobedience of Admiral West. 


WILLIAM THE, THIRD. 


It may be inferred; that I'am not‘ an 
admirer of the character of King William. 
To the man who makes such a charge 
against me, I shallreply, Habes confiten- 
tem reum.' Weare indebicd to Kiig 
William for’ the’ first. establishment of 
our national debt, and of a standing 
army in time of peace; and what Eng~ 
lishman is there, who is 1iot ‘sensible’ of 
the misery which the people of England 
at this moment suffer from ‘these ‘estab- 
lishments.. The 'Tories' zealously ‘con- 
curred in placing King William: and 
Queen Mary on the throne. ~ Whatever 
hesitation they might have had from the 
old doctrine of non-resistance, their scru- 
ples gave way to’ their love of civil’ and 
religious liberty ;* but they did’not wish 
that such heavy taxes'should be perma~ 
nently imposed on the! people of Eng- 
land, for the gratification of King Wil 
liam in bis continental ‘wars.’ ‘The’To- 
ries composed the landed interest > they 
and their posterity were’ to bear ‘these 
permanent burdens+ itis not wonderful 
therefore; that’ they ‘liésifuted; before 
they consented to impose them:!' Phe 
Whigs didnot possessso‘lirge a ‘share 
of the/landed property ;“they, ‘therefore, 
did noUview thése permanent taxes with 
the Usameaversion.” “The practice ‘of 
funding, “and: of imposiig taxes to pay 
the! interest; iad long prévailed-in Hol- 
land. “10 was acceptable te the existing 
géneration, because they felt the barden 
of the ‘interest oily, WStead Of the prin- 
cipalyand probably much of the mo- 
ney, during the reignof King William, 
was advanced by foreigtiers and Jews, 
who received Jarger interest from the 

newly 


614 


newly created English funds «than ‘they 
could obtain in any other eduntry.o\:! 

The -war, onsacconnt ofthe Spanish 
succession,-had been resolved om before 
the close of: King! W illiam’s: life.» Phe 
design), was -perseveted> ‘in ‘by’ Queen 
Anne, throughaAbeinfluence of the Duke 
of Maxlborough.; This nobleman-must 
be viewed.as:having sacceeded! to that 
situation which had) been ‘occupied by 
King) William, | He: was,: by political 
connexions, 2 ‘Tory.; but:he saw that 
the Whigs would ;be more disposed to 
adyanee money for) the continaance of 
the war. than bis former: friends; he, 
therefore, clianged, his party; and, al- 
though Queen Anne bad a preference 
for the ‘ories, yet the sway. which the 
Duchess of Marlborough possessed over 
the mind. of the Queen, preserved for a 
lovg time the Duke’s influence from be- 
ing diminished. ‘The Queen was awa- 
kened at last to the consequences of the 
heavy burdens, imposed upon her sub- 
jects, and she resolyed to terminate the 
war. (Ln effecting this, she was embar- 
rassed by the Whigs; whose power was 
much increased, not. only by the great 
ability of their leaders, but from their 
Jong continuance in office, and uninter- 
rupted. distribution of patronage. The 
latter years of her life were years of af- 
fliction,, She cannot, be called a great 
Queen; but, viewed. as an individual, 
every part of her Jife merits our esteem 
and partiality. 

The three firstsovereigns of the Bruns- 
wick, line have fullowed, the footsteps of 
King, William, ;.Continental wars, an 
augmentation of, the national debt, and 
a,standing, army,.uniformly increasing, 
have, ..distinguished, their successive 
reigns;, tilly -at.Jength, we have been 
brought to consider a national debt and 
a. standing, army as forming part of our 
constitution,,. And we hear, without.as< 
tonishment, ,of forty-four millions \ster- 
ling, employed.to pay the interestof_our 
debt, and,eleven millions. sterling de- 
manded*for.the army in time of peace. 

by UDERS’ “eT. 

At the conmmon law commissions were 
granted to the,dudges durante bene pla- 
cito. . By the: Act of Settlement, 13th 
William IEE, it was enacted,Dhaticoms 
missions should begranted to tlie Judges 
quamdiu se bene, gesserintio George bh 
while, Prince, of | Wales, dad: beebodis+ 
pleased with sone of the Judges, for the 
opinion which they had givensuna dis 
pute between, him, and his: dather; re= 
specting the guardianship of George the 
Second’s childien: aud; asybythe death 


Nicholls's. Recollections and Reflections. 


of George Liall'commissions granted by 
him were mi tata fo mat 
that new commissions shouldbe grai 

to the Dudges by George IV. | Tlie Wet 
of sekantintbaA dea mar the King to 
grant commissions to the Judges qram- 
diwse bene wesserint, but it did not‘com- 
pel him to grant'those Commissions» to 
the men-who'had been Jadges ‘in his) fa- 
ther’s reign 5 and George II. refused to 
grant new commissions to those Judges 
who had offended him. “At the accession 
of George IIL. «those owho had the most 
influence about the young’ King; had-a 
wish to throw reproach! upon the inte- 
mory of George I1y; ‘the King) therefore, 
was prevailed on to recommend to: Pars 
liament to enact, Thatievery’succeeding 
King shouldgraut' new: ‘commissions’ 'to 
those who had held: the office of Judge in 
the preceding reign. The: courtiers: of 
George III. have trumpeted ‘this con- 
duct as a siogularymark ‘of George the 
Third’s disposition. to: diminish his pow+ 
er; but infact George III. increased his 
power by this measare > ‘having! 10° dis- 
like to those whom he found in ‘office, he 
had renewed their commissions. By the 
statute which he thus’ procured! tobe 
enacted, he rendered those Judges) whom 
he might himself afterwards: appoint, ‘it- 
removeable by his sticcessor;) and ‘thus, 
instead of diminishing his power; ‘he dn- 
creased it. 19H! 

I do not mean to vindicatethe con- 
duct of George EL: in: refusing to'grant 
new commissions 1o those ‘gentlenien 
who bad been Judges in his’ father’s 
reign. I will even admit thatthis eon: 
duct on this occasion was injudiciows 
but the manner in which thesubjectwas 
brought forward in Parliament; andthe 
elaborate. praises bestowed upon ‘thie 
young’ King ‘on this ‘occasion, flowed 
from the malevolence which ‘had’ been 
cultivated at the Court of «Leicester 
House against the deceased *monaréh; 
and which was ‘not terminated'eyen'by 
his death. 19 29204 

LORD ° TEMPLE. 

'Harl Temple possessed atone time a 
considerable degree of popularity ; he 
owed it to hisiconnexion with “his bros 
ther-inslaw; MriSeecretary Pitt) © Leo- 
nidas Gloverspeaks with much appro- 
batiom ot Barl'Femple’s conduct'in Dé- 
cember 1756, in going down to thé! House 
of Lords, whileJabouring dader a severe 
fit of:'sickness, to oppose avélause’ of 
thaniksto the King forbaving introduced 
thes German’ auxiliaries) OL ‘think’ the 
conduct of Karl ‘Pemple, on this ovea- 
‘sion, was peevish and ilftimed. © These 

German 


Nicholls’s Recollections and Reflections. 


German. troops had, been(sent foroyer in 
consequence, of addresses: from the two 
Houses ; it was, therefore, but properly 
respectful that»his, Majesty, should; be 
thanked for, his,compliance with) the re- 
quest, of Parliament. . Et. was; certainly 
anunnecessary opposition, and probably 
proceeded: from -the!;noble. Earls) :self+ 
importance liaving, been offended, at tlie 
admission of this clause into the address 
without his previous approbation. 
»oBarl Lemple’s character seems to be 
fairly given by, Lord, Waldegraye.,. He 
tells ts; that George EI. had: a deeided 
aversion to him. That the noble Earl 
had) a, pert: familiarity | not. agreeable to 
majesty 5 and) that on some occasions, 
he had, used an insolenee-of expression 
which(-the King, could: never. forgive. 
On the removal of the Marquis of Rock- 
ingham:in 1766; George ILI. authorized 
Mr. Pitt to» form: an~ administration. 
Under, this authority, Mr. Pitt applied 
to his brother-in-law, Earl Temple; and 
from, the accounts. of that negociation 
which: have reached us, Mr. Pitt seems 
ia haye-allotted the place of First Lord 
ofthe Treasury to the noble Earl; but 
Barl;Temple seems to have demanded 
morte, power |in the seleetion of bis col- 
leagues, than Mr. Pitt was disposed to 

Hoy The two 
brothers-in-law senuriated; and T believe 
were never afterwards re-united. 

‘yoo LORD CHATHAM’S EULOGIUM. 

‘op d-hesitate to-say any thing respecting 
the, eloquence of the late Earl of Cha- 
tham... E.iave already mentioned the 
terms in «which it isodescribed by bis 
eontemporary, Mr. Glover. For myself, 
L never heard the Earl of Chatham but 
ence; that was en the subject of Falk- 
land Island; in 1771. The effects of his 
eloquence seemed to arise from sudden 
bursts, which surprised and: terrified his 
hearers, rather/ than from any continued 
chain of reasoning: it was a style fitted 
more. for offensive, than for defensive 
purposes; more suited to the House-of 
Commons, than to the House of Lords; 
it wasa style peculiar to himself, emi- 
nently (and, visibly artificial... Onethe 
Falkland, Island, question, the Earb of 
Chatham wished to engage the country 
in a war. We are indebted to George 
IL. for, haying protected) us ‘from a 
calamity. 

10/020 THE PRENCH WAR. 

L camot refrain. from remarking in 
this place, how unfortunate it was that 
those great families whom Mr, Edmund 
Barke deluded into, the desire of a cru- 
sade against French principles, had not 


615 


am) accurate ‘knowledge ‘of! the’ causes 
which sleduto the! French ‘Revolution. 
Had: they seem thatit was the division of 
Franée into tivocdistinct classes of no- 
bles and) bourgeois Which/had given oe- 
easion to the Revolution, theymust lave 
known that) there was no’ such division 
of the people of England ; and that eon- 
sequently we had no-real cause to/appre- 
hend a ‘similar revolution? their i¢no- 
rance was thesource of our misfortunes. 
Mr. Pitt was:equally ignorant ‘of the 
causes of the French Revolution. He 
embarked in the war as the measure 
which would ‘be'the least embarrassing 
to his ‘administration. © His colleagues 
in the cabinet had ‘one object: he him- 
self, as far as he can be said to have had 
any definite object, was actuated by an 
object incompatible with that of bis eol- 
leagues; he found himself entangled, 
and that he could not retreat from’ that 
war in which he had engaged ; he floun- 
dered on without wisdom, and without 
weighing the consequences of the mea- 
sures which he brought forward. “He 
imposed taxes without considering how 
destructive they were to the! happitiess 
of the people; he negotiated with ‘fo- 
reign states, without remarking how’un- 
equal they were to the measures which 
he wished them to effectuate. He re- 
linquished his former sentiments of fru- 
gality, because he found that wasteful 
expenditure was necessary to enable hint 
to carry on his government. 
GRAMPOUND: 

I hope and trust, that the principles 
advanced on the’ disfranehisement of 
Grampotnd, will inflaence the ‘opinion 
of Parliament when they take into con- 
sideration the state of other boroughs. 
If Grampound was incapable’ of éxer- 
cising its functions, beeause it Was dis- 
cased, a fortiori, must 4 borotsh which 
is actually dead “be incapable. ‘of such 
exercise ; and ‘is not ‘this the! case ina 
burgage tenement borough in°whieh? all 
the burgages belong to ‘a peer? The 
peer himself'is not “eapable | ‘of voting, 
because he is not of theorder of the 
commonalty ; and ‘the fiétitious colour- 
able conveyances which he has'executed 
the night before the election, have con- 
veyed’ no | property to the séveral gran- 
tees) ‘Lohave mentianed  bureage tenc- 
niént borotghsy bat’ certainly consider 
those boroughs which have given them- 
selves up to patrons, who? feed ‘them ei- 
ther swith their) own tioney, ‘or with 
places procured from ‘the’ minister, as 
equally fit to be disfranehised. 

Let us'view the situation of the bo- 

rough 


616 
rough of Grampound. _ 1 will go no fur- 
ther back than the general election of 
1780. At that time Grampound, with 
two other boreughs in the county of 
Cornwall, was under the influence of one 
patron; he was an opponent of the ad- 
ministration, and, as he wished te keep 
well with both parts of the opposition, 
he gave the nomination for two seats, to 
the Marquis.of Rockingham, und for two 
others to the Earl of Shelburne. The 
other two seats were kept by the patron 
for himself and a private friend. The 
price paid by the nominees for each seat 
was3000/. Tam unacquainted with the 
circumstances which took place at the 
elections which intervened between 1780 
and 1796. But in that year the elec- 
tors of Grampound discovered, that, al- 
thongh their patron only distributed 
30002. among the electors, he was inthe 
practice of receiving 6000/. at every ge- 
neral election from the two members 
relurned, ‘They therefore determined 
to sell through another patron, from 
whom they might receive the full sum 
paid by the two elected members. 

The return of members to parliament 
ought not 1o be obtained by bribery; but 
is. it more injnrious to the state when the 
electors appropriate the whole money to 
themselves, than it is when they are 
cheated out of one-half of it by their pa- 
trov?. The elector receives the bribe, at 
the peril of being convicted in a penalty 
of 500/.; but, at the period I allude to, 
the patron, not being an elector, was 
subject to no penalty. But the mis- 
chief tothe state is, much greater when 
an individnal peer has acquired the no- 
mination to many seats, Is it not known 
that there are at this time two noble 
carls, one of whom. names bine mem- 
bers, and the other eight? What poli- 
tical power might not be acquired by the 
confederacy of a few such individnals? 
We are compelled to acquiesce in the 
waste of the public money by the minis- 
ter, to enable him to resist the efforts. of 
such confederacies, 

BURKE AND THE WHIGS. 

The influence which Mr. Edmand 
Burke had acquired over the Marquis of 
Rotkingham, was great; but dhat which 
he afterwards possessed over the mind 
of the Duke of Portland was, still. more 
considerable. In fact, the Duke of 
Portland had no opinions of his. own; 
he spoke and acted under the direction 
of Mr. Burke. .. The India Bill, brought 
forward in November 1783, and the con- 
test which followed, left the party not 
ouly deprived of office, but also highly 


Nicholls’s Recollections and Reflections. 


unpopular. The peace had criabled the 
country to recover. much of its prospe~ 
rity; and perhaps Mr. Pitt drew. more 
credit from, this cireumstance than) he 
merited. The King’s: illness in 1788, 
and the conduct of the opposition on that 
occasion, while it conciliated compas- 
sion to the King, revived the anpopula- 
rity of the Whig families; . The French 
Revolution burst forth in. 1789.; Perhaps 
at the very commencement it excited 
alarm in the nobles, as well as in the 
King. They were misled by the simili- 
tude of names; but Mr, Pitt wisely re- 
strained this country from interfering in 
the affairs of France. Towards the close 
of the year 1792, Mr. Burke had snfii- 
cient influence over the great Whig fa- . 
milies, to induce them to concur with 
the King in clamouring for ia crusade 
against I’rench principles, Mr. Pitt was 
unable to resist; and, that he might re- 
tain his situation, as, minister, he was 
under the necessity of receiving the great 
Whig families into his cabinet, and sof 
embarking the country in the crusade, 
To say that this crusade has. failed, 
would not adequately express the con 
sequences which have followed from, it, 
It has established the principles of liber- 
ty through the greatest part of Europe, 
and of South America ; while Great Bri- 
tain exhibits itself to every eye, exhaust- 
ed by those efforts which it has been 
prevailed onto employ, Nor is the, con- 
test at an end ; Europe must suffer more 
paroxysms, before it is depurated. from 
the remains of feudalism, In this crisis, _ 
the great Whig families present them. 
selves to the people; they offer them- 
selves as the assertors of its rights; bat 
they are not trusted, The people -com- 
plain loudly of their sufferings, but haye 
little reliance on the great Whig fami- 
lies for their relief, 
LORD CLIVE. : 

Lord North had agreed to support the 
accusation brought forward in.the House 
of Commons against Lord Clive, I hap- 
pened tobe with Mr, Thurlow the morn- 
ing after the debate.. General Burgoyne 
came. in: he observed, that although 
Lord. North. had. professed to speak 
against Lord Clive, yet it was so mani- 
fest. from Lord North’s specch that. he 
wished bis friends, should vote for him, 
that during the debate Lord. George. 
Germaine got up, kissed his hand to 
General Burgoyne, and walked out of 
the house. General Burgoyne bad bees 
one, of the most aetive accusers; and 
Thurlow had supported the aceusation 
with sinecrity. I recollect Thurlow’s. 

; remark 


Nicholls's Reéollections and Reflections. 


remark in answer to General Burgoyne. 
“ Lord North has played’ a very deep, 
anda very dirty game: he drove Lord 
Clive to the wall; forced him’ to surren- 
der his six ricmbers’ and then albandon- 
ed the accusers.” But; although the 
accusation friled, it broke Loril Clive’s 
heart he fell a victim to the mortifica- 
tion whieb he liad suffered. Lord Clive 
had ‘not been accustomed ‘to public 
speaking, yet he defended himself in the 
debate with great ability, and much dig- 
nity. © He closed his defence with tliese 
words : “ He hoped that while the House 
decided on his honour, they would not 
forget their own.” The mind of Lord 
Clive was certainly cast in the heroic 
mould; atid if our Indian empire is of 
any valtie to Great Britain, Lord Clive 
undoubtedly Jaid the foundation of that 
empire. As an Englishman I am grate- 
fal to-his memory. 
INDIA. 

“Bat ofall our acquisitions, the empire 
which has been formed in India, seems 
to be that which is likely to be produc- 
tive of the most important. consequences. 
Has the British empire in India, down 
to the present time; produced any bene- 
fit’to us?” This is a question which can- 
nt be ‘aliswered without much reflec- 
tidn. Tam ‘hot prepared to say, that our 
pak pall ons in Todia may not have pro- 

d benefit ; but I hesitate much to 
say, that they have upon the whole been 
advantageous tous. The wealth which 
has been brought into this country from 
India, has enabled our government to 
make greater exertions in all its trans- 
actions with foreign states. When 
George 11. invaded the rights of his 
Amcricaa subjects, the wealth of India 
enabled him to support a war against 
France, Spain, and Holland, without re- 
linquishing his expensive efforts against 
the jahabitauts of America, The cru- 
sade against French principles, begun in 
1793, may also be considered as haying 
owed its long continuance to the wealth 
of Tadia,. That wealth enabled the Bris 
lish vernment to subsidize every sove- 
reign Who was willing to. receive ‘its 
money ; ‘but what has been the effect of 
these exertions? You sec it in the luxa- 
yee few, andin the impoverished many. 

is (me, that the wealth of India may 
have enabled us to improve our agricul- 
ture, and our manufactures, and to ex- 
tend our commerce ; but it has led our 
Government to tliose wasteful exertions 
which have more than balaticed these 
adyantages. Patronage, immoderate 
taxation, and the minister's power of 

Moxtuy Mac. No, 370. 


617 


corruption, have kept pace with the 
‘growth of our Indian empire. 


I have 
heard’ physicians say, that the juices of 
the'human frame become sometimes so 
Vitiated, that death is’ desirable. Per- 
haps we may be fast approaching to the 
hour, when Revolution, the enthanasia 
of governments, may be looked for as a 
relief. 

But the calamities which T forésee, are 
from the’loss of India.” Sooner or later 
the Indian empiré must be torn from us; 
and our exertions to prevent that loss 
will most probably leave us with every 
resource exhausied. 

It is scarcely possible that our Tadian 
empire can, forany greatlength of time, 
be united to Great Britain. Our go- 
vernment if that country is repugnant 
to the happiness of the inhabitants ; it is 
avowed to be for the bénefit of the go- 
vernors; not of tlie governed it ts a 
government by foreigners, who, as’ fast 
as they acquire wealth, carry it out of 
the country. No relitious of amity grow 
up*beitween the governors ‘atid’ the go- 
verned, Religions uSages obstruct in? 
tercourse beiween the Hindoos and the 
Europeans. Andthe Mahometans, who, 
before our acquisition of empire in that 
country, possessed all offices, both civil 
and military, cannot butiook on us with 
aversion ; their degradation is far greater 
than that of the Hindoos? their “nobles 
seek subsistence as privates among’ our 
troops ; they are hot trusted with power, 
and they are deptived of their’ wealth ; 
even the intercoutse betweém the sexes 
has no fendeney to’ soften thé hatred” of 
the Mahometaiis to thé Huropeais: The 
progeny are left a degraded race} help- 
less and wretched ; despised bythe Bue 
ropeans, and hated by the Mahometans. 
Whenever an additién 18 Made! to. Gar 
empire, thé ‘opulence’ of the! inhabitatits 
is rapidly diminished. © Whéi’ the®vie- 
tory of Plassy laid the foundation of éur 
erentniess in India, there! were’ many 
Hindoss’of prodigious Wealth, and’ Mas 
hometans of great powers’ botli classes 
have disappeired } ‘even'the” Eafopeaus 
who every: year’ go Sut; complain ‘that 
ificy shall return With fortities to: Ways 
proportionaté to thésé Of the’ individuals 
wlio bad ‘preceded ‘tiem! "Phe first coun- 
tries’ whith We ‘Gqfitcd Had the most 
productive” ‘svils 3" trpe the whole of 
Bengal is allovial'Sroun Pinder a hot 
sun, and ape eae Of water, its 
productions a re extént unknown 
in a worthern reliind fand’as the inha-~ 
bitants consume but little, much is feft 
for the ‘European’ conqueror. But in 

Al proportion 


618 


proportion as our empire has been ex- 
tended, the soil has been found less fer- 
tile, and the inhabitants. legs opulent. 
After the first acquirers had carried off 
the fruits of their conquest, the Europe- 
ans who’ succeeded them, found little 
more than the gleanings of the harvest ; 
yet the wholé extent of country, produc- 
tive and unproductive, requires equally 
to be defended. I am aware that, as 
long as the government of India can find 
money to pay their sepoys, there is good 
reason to believe that these soldiers will 
be faithful; but perhaps the moment 
may arrive, when this money is not to 
be found. 

Whether the inhabitants under our 
dominion in India amount to sixty mil- 
lions, or eighty millions, I will not pre- 
tend to say ; but it is pretty well ascer- 
tained, that the revenue drawn from 
them does not exceed seventeen mil- 
lions. I believe the India Company de- 
rivés no profit from its commerce with 
Indostan: this commerce will probably 
be abandoned; for it affords the means 
of oppressing the English competitor, 
without being profitable to the Compa- 
ny: its commerce with China is per- 
fectly distinct, 

CONCLUSION. 

I will now close these Recollections 
apd Reflections. The sentiments which 
I have wished to impress are these :— 
First, that immoderate taxation is the 
grievance by which the country is op- 
pressed ;. that this immoderate taxation 
has been the result of the unnecessary 
wars in which the nation has been in- 
volved during the reign of George III. 
and has been carricd to such an excess, 
that it checks and impedes the creative 
industry of the people. Either the ex- 
penses of the government must be dimi- 
nished, or a portion of the dividends 
must be withheld from the public credi- 
tor. Secondly, that this retrenchment 
cannot be effected without a reform of 
the House of Commons; inasmuch as 
wasteful expenditure is necessary, to 
enable the minister to regulate and con- 
troul this most ‘expensive. machinery. 
The Stuarts were expelled, becatise they 
abused the power confided to them. The 
House of Commons will be reformed 
from a similar cause, viz, because it has 
abused that power of taxing which has 
been confided to it by the Constitution. 
One other sentiment Englishmen should 
keep in mind ; it is this,—that our’ go- 
vernment is, by the principles of our 
Constitution, a civil government; but 
that there are certain persons who, dur- 


O' Meara’s Voice from. St. Helena. 


ing the relgn of George IIT, have endea- 
voured to ehange it into a, mililary go- 
vernment. .'This system eannotbe per- 
severed in; a German military; aanited 
to English. profusion, is beyond what 
can be supported by the most active in- 
dustry of the people; and when English- 
men are deprived of the tee of 
those principles of civil liberty in which 
they have been accustomed,to delight, 
their energies will cease, 


Seite iW 


NAPOLEON IN, EXILE; *. 

“or, Wool sii 

A VOICE FROM ST. “HELENA. 

The Opinions and Reflections of . 
NAPOLEON 9) jy), 

On the most important, Events.of his. Life 
and Government, in his own, Words, 


BY BARRY E.(0°MPARAY ESQ! 
His Jaté Surgeon.» ;; 


In two Volumes, price 28s, 


[No work ever appeared-in they English 
language so calculated to detainia per- 
son from his bed,.or to, descend to, \the 
latest posterity, as these volumes. They 
not only contain the strong original opi- 
nions of the most extraordinary man 
that ever lived, but they bring us ac- 
quainted with every circumstance of his 
character. ‘They “ damn to everlasting 
fame” the parties conceried in his igtio- 
minious treatment, and in thie base policy 
which directed it. «They wither the fac- 
titious laurels gained-by his: lucky oppo- 
nents, and put to the route-all, the; libéis 
and falsehoods, of which, |for,, twenty 
years, Europe was the .dupe.;,, For dis; 
abusing the world, the author will enjoy 
its gratitude ; and, as we have often said, 
repentance on this subject will come 
too late. We know the author; and, as 
we believe him to be a truly hionest and 
conscientious man, so we have no doubt 
of the substantial’ correctness’ of most 
things which he has, narrated, “Our ex- 
tracts are copious; and we/hope we have 
enriched) our pages: with; the amost pi- 
qnaut passages; but we could haye dou- 
bled their number, | with, equal)interest 
to.our readers, Nothing fatignesin two 
full-sized volumes, but. we have. pre- 
ferred the parts which relate to Euro- 
pean and public topics ; and could not 
abridge, without spoiling their ‘effect, 
all those details of petty malignity, by 
which a-man, whose ame and ‘fame will 
mark his: age, when his enemies are for- 
gotien,) was hurried ‘out of life: by ‘asys- 
ltemcof policy:as wnnecessary as it) was 
-ungenerous., The best excuse is error, 

. for we bope men,are not/ wicked: by de- 
sign ;) but,\as, the consequences are not 
Tess fatal, how much we ought to pherish 

ree 


O’ Meara’s Voice from St. Helena. 


free discussion, and listen to the admo- 

nitions of bye-standers, before any thing 

‘is “done, ‘which, ‘if* wrong, ‘cannot’ be 
bo reealled.] ‘ 


: 


bs oe 


| PREFACE. 
“Paced by peculiar. circumstances 
‘arising from my profession, about the 
person of the most extraordinary man 
perhaps of any age, in. the most critical 
juncture of his life, I determined to pro- 
fit by the opportunities afforded'me, as 
far as'Feould consistently with honour. 
The following volames are the result. 

Thefew: alleviationswhich Thad it in 
my power to offer, Napoleon repaid by 
the ‘condescension with which he ho- 
noured me; and my necessary profes- 
‘sioha? intercourse ‘was ‘soon increased 
into’an intimacy, iF I may speak of inti- 
macy with: suchyapersonage.: In fact, 
in the seclusion ‘uf Longwood, he soon 
almost entirelydaidvasidée the emperor ; 
with those about-him, he conversed fa- 
iniliarly°on his past life; and sketched 
the characters, and ‘detailed the anec- 
dotes, which are here presented faith- 
fully to’ the ‘reader. ‘The unreserved 
manner in which he spoke of every thing 
can only be conceived by those who 
heard him ; and, though where his own 
conduct.was questioned, he had a natu- 
ral-human leaning towards himself, still 
truth appeared: to be his principal, if not 
his only object: In the delineation of 
characters he ‘was peculiarly felicitous, 
His! mind*seemed to concentrate its 
beams on the object he wished to eluci- 
daté, and its prominent features became 
instantly discernible—It may perhaps 
be only right to add, that some of the 
observations or arguments on particular 
subjects were committed to paper from 
Napoleon’s own dictation. 

1 spoke as little and listened as atten- 
tivelyas I. could, seldom. interposing, 
except) for the purpose of leading to 
those facts ‘on which I wished for infor- 
mation.’ To my memory, though natu- 
rally ‘retentive, I did not entirely trust ; 
imimediatély on retiring from Napoleon’s 
presence, I hurried to my chamber, and 
carefully committed to paper the topics 
of conversation, with, so far as I, could, 
the exact wordsused. Where I had the 
least doubt asto my accuracy, I marked 
it in, my. journal, and. by.a subsequent 
recurrence to the)topic, when futare 
opportunities offered, L satisfied myself ; 
this; alihough I have avoided them as 
much as possible, may account for some 
occasional repetitions, but Phave thought 
it better to appear sometimes tedious, 


619 


than ever to run the risk of a» mis- 
statement. 

The following official letter will shew, 
that it was at least. the desire of his Ma- 
jesty’s ministers, to, bury, Napoleon’s 
mind with. his body in the crave of his 
imprisonment. IfI have disobeyed the 
injunction, it is because I thought that 
every fragment of such a mind sbould 
be preserved to history,..because I de- 
spised the despotism which would incar- 
cerate even intellect:—and because I 
thought those only should become sub- 
sidiary to concealment, who were con- 
scious of actions which could not bear 
the light. 

A dmiralty-office ; Sept. 13, 1817. 

Sir,—My Lords Commissioners of 
the Admiralty having had under their 
consideration a work which has been 
published by Mr. Warden, lale surgeon 
of his Majesty’s ship Northumberland, 
their lordships have commanded me to 
signify their directions to you to acquaint 
all the officers employed under your or- 
ders, that they are to understand, that 
if they should presume to publish any 
information which they may have ob- 
tained by being officially employed at 
St. Helena, they will suffer their lord- 
ships’ heavy displeasure. 

I am, Sir, 
Your most obedient, humble servant, 
JOHN Barrow. 
To Rear-Admiral. Plampin, St, Helena. 
LONGWuoD. 

Longwood is situated on a plain forms 
ed on the summit of a. mountain about 
eighteen hundred feet above the Jevel 
of the sea; and including Deadwood, 
comprises fourteen or filteen hundred 
acres of land, a great part of which is 
planted with an indigenous tree called 
gumwood. Upon his return from Long- 
wood, Napoleon proceeded to the Bri- 
ars, and intimated to Sir George that he 
would prefer remaining there, until the 
necessary additions were made to Long- 
wood, to returning to town, provided 
the proprietor’s consent could be obtain- 
ed. This request was immediatcly 
granted. The Briars is the name of an 
estate romantically situated about a mile 
and a half from James ‘Town, compris- 
ing a few acres of highly cultivated land, 
excellent fruit .and kitchen gardens, 
plentifully supplied, with water, adorned 
with many delightful shady walks, and 
long celebrated for the genuine old Eng- 
lish hospitality of the proprietor, Mr. 
Balcombe. About twenty yards from 
the dwelling house stood a little pavi- 
lion, Consisting of ene good room on the 

ground. 


620 
ground-floor; and ‘twovgarrets, »which 
Napoleon, not willing to cause any ins 
convenience to the family of his host, se- 
lected for his abode.° In the lower room 
his camp-beds was“put: up, and in this 
room hevatey slept, read, and dictated a 
portion of his eventful life. Las Cases 
and his son:were accommodated in one 
of the garrets above, and Napoleon's 
premier valet de chambre, and others of 
his honsehold, slept in the other, and 
upon tlie floor in the little hall opposite 
the entrance‘of the lowerroom, At first 
his dianer was sent ready cooked from 
the town; but afterwards, Mr. Balcombe 
found means to get a kitchen fitted up 
for his use. 

Mr. Balcombe’s family consisted of 
his wile, two daughters, one about 
twelve and the other fifteen years of 
age, and two boys of five or six. ‘The 
young ladies spoke French fluently, and 
Napolcon frequently dropt in to play a 
rubber of whist or bold a little conversa- 
zione. On one occasion he indulged 
them by participating in a game of blind- 
man’s-boff, very much to the amuse- 
menatof the young ladies. Nothing was 
left undone’ by this worthy family that 
could contribute to lessen the inconve- 
niences of his sitnation. 

FIRST RESIDENCE. 

During ; the tiine ‘that Napoleon re- 
sidediat' the Briars, L kept no regular 
journal, and/consequently can give only 
a brief outline of whattook place. His 
time was oceupied principally in dictat- 
ing to Les Cases and his son, or to 
Counts, Bertrand, Montholon, and Gour- 
gaud, some of whom daily visited him. 
He occasionally received some visitors, 
who came, too pay their respects to him 
on the dawn before the house; and, ina 
few instances, ssome who had received 
that permission, were presented to bim, 
when at. Mrs Baleombe’s inthe evening. 
He frequently walked for hours) ini ithe 
shady paths and shrubberies of ‘the Bri- 
ars, where,.care was taken. to prevent 
his being, intruded upon. Daring one.of 
these walks, he stepped and pointed out 
to me the frightfub precipices which en-= 
vironed, us, and) said,‘ Behold your 
country’s generosity, ¢hisis their libera= 
lity to the unfortunate: man; who,blindly 
relying on what be'so falsely imagined 
to be their national character;in an: evil 
hour unsuspectingly confided \hiniself to 
them. I once thought, that you. wexe 
free: [now see that your ministers laugh, 
at. your laws; which are, like: those) of 
other nations; formed. only to oppress 
the defenoeless, and screen the power- 


O'Meéara’s Voice from St. Helena. 


ful, whenever your/goverament has: any 
object in view.” listo 
MURAT AND NEY!) D115 

Some'short ‘time after his) arrival at’ 
Longwood, I communicated tohim the 
news of Murat’s' death, | He lieard: it 
with calmness; and immediately, |de=> 
manded, if he had perished: on’ thre? field 
of battle?) At first Dhesitated> to» tell 
him: that his» brother-in-law \ had “been 
executed like ‘avcriminal. Onehisore- 
peating the question, I informed him of 
the manneroin whieh: Marat had: been 
put to death, which he listened: tonwith- 
out any change of countenance.:>Talso 
communicated, the intelligence of ‘the 
death of Ney. “He was a brave! man; 
nobody more so; but»he owas a mad-) 
man,” said-hes ‘S He hasodied without 
having the esteem of mankiridio: He be- 
trayed me at Fontainebleau: the pro- 
claination against the Bourbons, which’ 
he said in his defeiice I caused to be 
given him, was written by bimself, ‘and 
I never knew any thing aboutthat doct- 
mentuntil it was read to the troops... Lt 
is true, that 1 sent him orders to obey. 
me. What could he do?) His troops: 
abandoned him. Not! only the ‘troops, 
but the people wished to joimme.”» 

MISS) WILLIAMS.) y! 01%" 

I had lent him Miss W illiamis’s“ Pre+ 
sent State of France” to'read.) oDwo or 
three days afterwards) he \saidy to:-me, 
while dressing, “ That is\a vile:produc- 
tion of that lady of yours. Itis)acheap: 
of falsehoods. This,” opening this)shirt, 
and shewing: his flannel «waisteoat, fis) 
the only coat of mail I everavores My. 
hat lined with steel too} There is)'the 
hat I wore,” pointing: to the one he \ab- 
ways carried. ‘¢ Oh, she has:doubtless 
been well paid for all themalice and ithe: 
falsehoods she has poured forth.” 

HIS) HABITS. . 

Napoleon’s: hours of rising-were un- 
certain, muchdepending upon the quan- 
tum of rest:he had enjoyed:during the 
night. «He \was in general a bad sleeper, 
and: frequently got up at three or four 
o’cloek,.in which ease hesread: or wrote 
until six or seven, atwhieh time; when 
the weather was‘fine, he sometimes went: 
out)to ride,:attended by some: of his:ge- 
nerals, or laid down again to rest ifdria 
couple of hours); When he retired to 
bed, ie could notsleep unless the:most 
perfect;statesof darkness was: obtained, 
by.therclosute of every cranny through 
whieh away of ‘ight might pass -al- 
thongh Dhave sometimes seen him fall 
asleep: on the sofa, and remain so for a: 
fewominutesin broad day-light. |) When 

, ill, 


O'Meata’s Voice from St. Helena. 


ill, Marchand oceasionally; read: to! hinv 
until he fell asicep. At timessbe rose at 
seven, and wrote ordictated until break- 
fast time >: or, ifothe morming wasovery 
fine) he ‘went out: to ride.) When he 
breakfasted)in his own roomy ‘it was ges 
nerally, servedron:a little roundtable, at 
bétween nine and ‘ten; when alony with 
the rest of his suite, ateleven: in either 
ease ld ila fourchette.|: After breakfast, 
hegenetally dictated: tosome of his suite 
for aifew>hours, and attwo or three 
o'clock) received’ such visitors, as, by 
previous! appointment bad: been directed 
to-present themselves. Between: four 
andi five, ‘when! the weather permitted, 
he: rede ont! om horseback or in the ear- 
riage, accompanied by all his suite, for 
an boupor two; :ihen returned and dic- 
tatedoor read: untileight, or oecasionally 
played-a game at ehess, at whieh time 
dinner: was announced, which rarely ex- 
ceeded twenty minutes or halfan hoar in 
duration. "He ateheartilyand fast, and 
didnot appear to be partial to high sea- 
soned er rich: food.» One of his most 
favourite dishes was'a roasted leg of 
muttou, of which I have seen him some- 
times pare the outside brown part off ; 
he was also: partial to mutton chops. 
He rarely drank: as’ muchas a pint of 
claret ‘atchis ‘dinner, which was gene- 
rally.maich. diluted with water. After 
dinner;} when the servants had with- 
drawn;;and when there were no visitors, 
he-sometimes played at chess or at whist, 
but’ more frequently sent for a volume of 
Corncille, or of some other esteemed au- 
thor, and -read aloud for an hour, or 
chatted -with the ladies and the rest of 
his suites“ He usually retired to his bed- 
room at ten or eleven, and to rest, im- 
mediately afterwards. When he break- 
fasted or dincd in his own apartment 
(dans Vintérieur ), he sometimes sent for 
one of his suite to converse with him 
during the repast: He never ate more 
than two meals.a day, nor, since ] knew 
him, had le ever. taken more than a very 
small cup of coffce after cach repast, and 
at no other time: 1] have also been in: 
formed hy:those who have been in his 


servicerfor fifteen years, that he had ne-" 


ver exceeded ‘that 
first knew him. 
ST. HELENA. 

_ “In this: isola maladetta,’ said he, 

“ there is neither sun normoon to be 
seen for the greatest; part of the ‘year. 
Constant rainand fog. Il ds worse than 
Capri. Have you ever becnat Capri?” 
continoed he. I replied in the affirma- 
tive, “ There,” said he, you can have 


quantity since they 


621 


every thing: you. want from the continent 
ina few hours.” Heialterwards made 
a fesw remarks upon some absurd false- 
hoods: which bad been published. in’ the 
ministerial) papers respecting him; and 
asked iif iti were“ possible that the Eng- 
lish-eould. be so foolishly eredulons as to 
believe all the stuff we published about 
him.” 
COCKBURN. 

“ Weis not,” said he, “a man of a 
bad heart; on the contrary, I believe 
him to be capable of a generous action; 
butvhe is rongh, overbearing, vain, cho- 
leric, and capricious; never consulting 
any body ; jealous ofhis authority ; car- 
ing little of the manner in whieh he ex- 
ercises it, and sometimes violent without 
dignity.” 

FEES. 

He then asked me many questions 
about the relative price of articles in 
England and St. Helena, and concluded 
by asking if I took any fees for attend- 
ing siek people on the island. I replied 
in the negative, which seemed to’ sur- 
prisehim. ‘‘ Corvisart,” said he, * not- 
withstanding his being my first physi- 
cian, possessed’ of great wealth, and in 
the habit of receiving many rich presents 
from me, constantly took a Napoleon 
for each visit-he paid to the sick. In 
your country particularly every man bas 
his trade: the member of parliament 
takes money for his vote, the ministers 
for their places, the lawyers for their 
opinion.” 

CHRONOMETERS. 

“ How shameful it is,” said he, “ for 
your government to put three or four 
hundred men on-board of a ship destined 
for this place without a chronometer, 
thereby running the! risk of a ship and 
cargo, of the value perhaps of half a 
million, together with the lives ‘of so 
many povert diavolt, forthe sake of say- 
ing three or four hundred francs for a 
watch. J,’’ continued he, ‘ ordered’ 
that every ship employed in the French 
service should be supplied with one. It 
is a weakness in your government not to 
he accounted for.””” He then asked’me 
if it were true that a court of inquiry 
was then holding upon some officer for 
having made too free with the ‘bottle. 
“Ts it-a crime,” added he, “ for the 
English to get drank, ‘and will a court- 
martial be thesconsequence ? for, if that 
were the case, you'would have nothing 
but court:martials every day. was 
a little merry on-board every day after 
dinner,’ TI observed that there was a 
wide difference between being merry 

and 


622 


and vetting drunks ‘He Rattghiedl, and 
repeated what! he had® Said relative ‘to 
court-martial: Ty 48 trae)” suid: he, 
“then, that they até Seriding ont a neue 
and furnittive* for nies as “there “are 80 
many fies*in’ your newspapers, that I 
have my” dotibts, especially ‘as I°have 
heard nothing about it Officially 2”? 
' WISITCIN HIS “‘BED-ROOM, 

Tt was about fourteen feet by twelve, 
and ten or eleven feet in height. The 
walls were lined with brown nankeen, 
bordered and edged with common green 
bordering paper, and destitute of sur- 
bace. ‘Two small windows,’ without 
pullies, looking towards the camp of the 
53d regiment, one of which was thrown 
up and fastened by a piece of notebed 
wood. Window-curtains of white long 
cloth, a small fire-place, a shabby grate, 
and fire-irons to match, with a paltry 
mantel picce of wood, painted white, 
upon which stood a small marble bust 
of ‘his|‘son. Above the mantel-piece 
hung the portrait of Marie Louise, and 
four or five of young Napoleon, one of 
which was embroidered by the hands of 
ihe mother. <A little more to the right 
hung also a miniature picture of the 
Empress Josephine, and to the left was 
suspended the alarm chamber-watch of 
Frederic the Great, obtained by Napo- 
Jeon at Potsdam; while on the right, the 
consular watch, engraved with the cy- 
pher B, hung by achiain of the plaited 
hair of Marie Louise, from a pin stuck 
in the nankeen lining. The floor was 
covered’ with a second-hand carpet, 
which had ‘once decorated the dining- 
room of a lieutenant of ‘the St. Heiena 
artillery. In the right-hand corner was 
placed the little plain irov camp bed- 
stead, with green silk curtains, upon 
which its) master had reposed on the 
ficlds of Marengo and Austerlitz, Be- 
tween the windows there was a paltry 
second-hand chest of drawers; and an 
old book-case, with green blinds, stood 
on the left of the door Jeading to the 
next apartment: ‘Pour or five cane 
bottomed chairs, painted green, were 
standing here atid there about the room. 
Before the back-door, there was a Sereen 
covered with nankeen, and between that 
and the fire-place an ‘old-fashioned sola, 
covered with white Tong’ cloth, npon 
which reclined Napoleon, clothed in his 
white morning gown, white loose trow- 
sers and. stockings all.in one.,..A;che- 
quered, red, madras upon his-bead,: and 
his shirt collarcopen. without:a ‘cravat. 
His air was melancholy and tronbled, 
Before him stood a little round table, 


myselfto belong to-any particular coun- 


O'Meara's' Voice from St. Helena: 


with some hooks, at? thé ‘foot ‘Of whiels 
lay; in confusion tiponi thé carpet, a heap 
of those ‘whieh hé had aires perused, 
and at the foot of tlie’ sofa! facine him, 
was Suspended? a portrait’of’ 1 ress 
Marié Bwiise with Ker Son aytiere ns. 
Tnifront of the fire: place'sthtd TA¥ Cases 
with his arms folded over his breast; dnd 
some papers'in 6né of his hands.’ * ‘Oral 
the’ former ‘magnificence ‘of ‘the °dneé 
mighty empervr of France, nothing’ was 
present except a” superb”! washhatnd 


stand, ‘containing’'a’ ‘sitver' ‘basin,” atrd 
water-jug of the same’ metal in the left: 
hand corner. yeh 


Napoleon, affer’a few quyedoys o no 
importance, ‘asked me; inv Bofli ‘Pretich 
and Italian, in the ‘presence’ of Count 
Las Cases, the following! questions : ft 
“ You know that it wis m consequence 
of my application that yout-were appoint- 
ed to attend upon-me. ' Now Pwant'to 
know from you, precisely and traly, as'a 
man of honour, in’ What situation’ you 
conceive yourself to be, whether as my 
surgeon, as M. Maingaud was, or thie 
surgeon of 'a prison-ship and prisoners 
Whether you have ofdersto report every 
trifling occurrenée, or illness; or what I 

say to you, to the governor? Answer 
me candidly; What ‘situation ‘do you 
conceive yourselfio bein?” Dreplied,; 

‘As your surgeon, and to’attend upon 
you and your suite. I have réceived fio’ 
other orders, than to make ah immedi 
ate report in case of ‘your ‘béiie takett’ 
seriously ill, in order to havé! praniptly 
the advi ice and assistance ‘of other! phy- 
sicians.”  “ Virst obtaining my consent 
to call in others,” demanded hey“ ist’ 
not so?” I answered, “that TD weuld’ 
certainly obtain his previous consent.” 
Ife then said; “If you were appointed 
as surgeon to a prison, and to report my 
conversations to the governor, “whom I 
take’ to be an‘ capo di spioni, Twould 
never see you again. | Do not,” eonti- 
nned he; Cow my ‘replying that’ T ‘was 
placed about him as a surgeon, and by 
no) Means asa spy,) ““suppose ‘that I 
take you for'a spy; on the contrary, I 

have never had the least occasion to find 
fault with you, and I have a friendships 
for-you, and an ‘esteem for your charac- 
ter) a greater proof of which T'could not 
give you than ‘asking you candidly your 
own opimion of your situation ; as you, 
being an Englishman, and paid’ by the’ 
English government, might perhaps be 
obliged to do what T have asked.” I 
replied'as ‘before said, and! that) in my 
professional’ capacity T did not consider 


try. 


O’ Meara’s Voice from St, Helena. 


try... “If Lam taken. serionsly, ill,” said 
he, ‘then acquaint, me, with, your opi- 
nion, and. ask my,.consent to -call, in 
others... This governor, during | the, few 
days that Iwas:melancholy, and, had.a 
menfal_affliction .in} consequence ofthe 
treatment Execeive, which prevented, me 
from going .out,,in ;order that, I might 
not ennuyer, others, with my. afflictions, 
wanted to send, his physician fo me, un- 
der, the, pretextof inquiring, after my 
health. I desired Bertrand to tell him, 
that I had mot.,sufficient; confidence in 
his. physician.to take any thing from his 
hands. That if I were really ill, I would 
send. for. you, in, whomI have confi- 
dence; but.that a.physician was of no 
use imsuch cases, and.that I only wanted 
to be. left alone,,;.I, understand that he 
proposed ..an . officer, should .enter_ my 
chamber to. see me, if I did not stir out. 
Any person,” continued, he, with much 
emotion, .“‘ who, endcayours to force his 
way into,my apartment, shall be a corpse 
the, moment he -enters) it... If he ever 
eats bread or meat.again, I am not Na- 
poleon.. This Lam determined on; I 
know, that I shall. be, killed, afterwards, 
as what ..can onedo against.a camp? I 
haye. faced:death too many. times to fear 
it,.,, Besides, Lam convinced that this 
governor; has .been sent, out by Lord 
art» b.told) hima few days ago, 
that if,be,wanted to put an end to me, 
he; wonld havea very good opportunity, 
by. sending somebody to force bis way 
intemy, chamber. That I would imme- 
diately, make a corpse of the first that 
entered, and then I should be of course 
dispatehed; and, he might write home to 
his, government, that ‘ Bonaparte’ was 
killed in-a.brawl., L also told bim to 
leave me alone, and not to torment me 
witb his hateful, presence. I have seen 
Prussians, ,Tartars, Cossacs, Calmucks, 
&e,;, but never before in, my life have I 
beheld so ill favoured, and so forbidding 
a countenance., Id porte le empneint 
sun son visage.” haat 
» After this, he mentioned, his -appre-, 
hensions of being afllicted with an attack; 
of, gout,,, 1, recommended him, to take 
much,.more. exercise. 
do,” replied, he, “‘.in this execrable isle, 
where; you; cannot ride.a mile without 
being wet through; an island, that even 
the, English; themselves: complain . of, 
though used to humidity 2?” 

* During the. short interview that this 
governor had with mejin my bed-cham- 
ber,’’ continued, he; one of - the. first 
things which | he proposed was, to send 
you away, and to take) bis own surgeon 


; 


“ What ean, I, 


623 


in your place. This be repeated twice ; 
and. so,carnest was he to; gain his object, 
that, although I gave him a most. decided 
refusal, when he, was going out, he tarn- 
ed about,, and again proposed it, 1 ne- 
ver saw sucha horrid countenance. . He 
sat,ona chair opposite to;my, sofa; and 
on the little table between us; there: was 
a cup of coffee. His physiognomy made 
such an unfayourable impression upon 
me; that I thought his looks had poison- 
ed it, and Lordered Marchand to throw 
it out of the window; I could not have 
swallowed it for the world.’’* 

‘“« Tt appears,” added. be, “ that this 
governor, was with Blucher, and is the 
writer of some official letters to your 
government, descriptive of part of the 
operations of 1814, I pointed them out 
to him the last time I saw him, and 
asked him, Est-ce vous, Monsteur? He 
replied, ‘ Yes.’ I told bin that. they 
were pleines de faussetés ct de sottises. 
He shrugged up his shoulders, appeared 
confused, and replicd; ‘ J’at ecru voir 
cela.’ If,” continued he, ‘ those letters 
were the only accounts be sent, he be- 
trayed his country.” 


GENERAL MOORE. 


“ Moore,” said he, “ was.a brave sol- 
dicr, an excellent officer, and, a man of 
talent. He made a few mistakes, which 
were probably inseparable from the dif- 
ficulties with which he was surrounded, 
and caused perhaps by bis information 
having misled him.”, This, eulogium 
he repeated more than onee ; apd ob- 
served, that he had commanded. the re- 
serve in Egypt, where he bad behaved 
very well, and. displayed talent. [.re- 
marked, thatMoore was always,in front 
of the battle, and, was generally upfor- 
tunate enough to be wounded... ** Ab!” 
said he, “ it is necessary sometimes. He 
died, gloriously—he died like a soldier.” 
Menou was a man of courage, -but po 
soldier.‘ Yon, ought not to have taken 
Egypt. If Kleber had lived, you would 
never, have. conquered, it,.An army 
without, artillery or cavalry,, The Turks 
signified nothing... Kleber was an irre- 
parable. loss, to Mrance and to me. He 
was,a manof; the brightest, talents, and 
the greatest; bravery, L have composed 
the  bistory., of, my awn campaigns in 
Egypt and of, yours, hile Iwas at the 
sro azonrehthr tires sation oi 
* ‘These‘ave strong expressions relative 
to'a' man, who, siuce his! veturn, has been 
graciously received by George the Fourth, 
and\ been variously! promoted and -distin- 

guished !— Evity | 
Briars. 


624 


Briars. But.I want, the Moniteurs for 
the dates.” 
VILLENEUVE. 

. The conversation then turned upon 
Erench naval officers. *‘ Villeneuve,” 
said he,..“¢ when taken prisoner,,and 
brought. to England, was so much .griev- 
ed. at, his, defeat, that.be, studicd, ana- 
tomy on. parpose to destroy himself. 
For. this purpose he bought some anate- 
niical plates.of the heart, and compared 
them, with bis own body, in order to as- 
certain.the exact situation of thatorgan, 
On his arrival in France, f ordered that 
he sbould remain, at Rennes,..and vot 
proceed to Paris. Villeneuve, afraid of 
being tricd by a court-martial for dis- 
obedience, of orders, and consequently 
losing the flect, for Iliad ordered Lim 
not to sail, or to engage the English, 
determined to destroy himself, and ac- 
cordingly, took bis plates of the heart, 
and compared them with. his breast, 
Exactly in the centre of the plate, be 
made a mark wiilva large pin, then fixed 
the pin, as near as he could judge in (he 
same spot in his own.breast, shoyed it in 
to the head, penetrated his heart, and 
expired. When the room was opened, 
he was found dead; the pin in his breast, 
and amark in the plate corresponding 
withthe wound in bis breast. He need 
not have done it,” continued he, “ as 
he was a brave man, though posscssed 
of no. talent.” 

Avship. arrived from England ; went 
to town; saw the governor, and on my 
return, went to Napoleon, who was play- 
ing at nine-pins with his generals in his 
garden... L told him (by desire of the 
governor). that a bill concerning him 
had been brought into Parliament, to 
enable ministers to detain him in St. 
Hielena, and to provide the necessary 
sums of money for his maintenance. He 
asked if it had met. with opposition? I 
replied, “* scarcely any.” ‘+ Brougham 
or Burdett,” said he, “ did they make 
nny?” Treplied, “ Ihave vat seen the 
papers, but Lbclievethat Mr, Brougham 
said something.””* 

HIS REMEDIES. 

Had a long medical arcument with 
him, in which he maintained, that Acs 
practice in case. of malady, viz. to.cat 
nothing, drink plenty of barley .water, 
and no wine, and ride for. seven or eight 
leagues..to promote. perspiration, .was 
much better thau mine, 


* It is deeply to be regretted that Mr. 
B. said so much,—Epir. 


O Mearas Voice from St. Helena. 


299110419 LONDONse os Ld ' 

He asked mea. namber of questions 
about, London, of which I:haddent bim 
a history, which had been made. a pre- 
sent. to me by Captain Rogs.; “He ap- 
peared to be well, avquaintedowith» the 
contents of the book, though :liesynad not 
had it in| his possession many days side- 
scribed, the plates; and) tried» tourcpeat 
several ofthe cries ;—~said that if-hehad 
been. king of Englaud) heswoulds have 
made. a grand street on each'side of the 
Thames, and.another fiom StsPRaul’s to 
the river, The, conversationaftersiards 
turned. upon. the manner of livingywin 
France.and., Eaglands,,,¢ Whieh»eats 
the most,” said he,“ the Frenchmamor 
the Englishman 2”... Lsaid, think the 
Frenchman.”.,..““.L.don'tbeligveit,” said 
Napoleon. I seplied, that the French, 
though. they nominaliy make but two 
meals a day, really have fours. Only 
two,” said, he. Lreplied, fathey take 
something at. nine in the; morningy at 
eleven, at four, and.at seyenvoreightin 
the evening.” . “ 1,”, said: dies.“ never 
eat more than.twice, daily.. »Youdngr 
lish always eat four or five’ times a day, 
Your cookery.is more healthy than ouxgs: 
Your soup. is, however,,very,bad : mo- 
thing but bread, pepper, and,water,”., 

LORD. HOLLANDs/ |) (5 aily in 

Some conversation now) passed rela- 
tive to the protest.which,had,been, made 
by Lord Holland against the bill-fory his 
detention. Napoleon. expressed chat 
opinion of Lord Holland to.which his 
talents and virtues so fully entitle him, 
He was highly pleased to:find that the 
Duke of Sussex had joined his:lordship 
in the protest ;. and observed, that.when 
passions were calmed, the eonduet of 
those two,.peers would, be handed down 
to posterity with as mach honour, asthat 
of the preposers. of the measure would 
be loaded with ignominy. i} ; 

HIS ANTICIPATIONS. ©» 

He. then spoke about the new-house, 
said, that if he expected to remain, Jong 
in, St. Helena, he would wish to have it 
erected at. the Plantation-house side ; 
“ but,” continued he, “L.am_of. opinion 
that: as soon as ihe affaiys.of France,are 


settied, and things quiet, the Haglish 
government will allow me to, return to 


Europe, and finish my days in England. 
L. do, not, believe: that they are foolish 
cnough, to, beat the expense of eight 
millions annually, to keep me here, when 
Tam,uo longer to.be feared; Laierefore 
am not very anxious about the house.” 
He then spoke, about escape, and» said, 
that, even if he were imelined to. tuy.it, 

° aes there 


‘O’ Meara’s Voice from St. Helena. 


there were ninety-eight chances out of a 
hundred against his succeeding; ** not- 
withstanding which,” continued’ ‘he, 
“this gaoler imposes as many restric- 
tious, as if L had nothing more todo than 
to step into a buat and be off. It is true, 
that, while one lives, there is always a 
ehanec; although«chained, enclosed in'a 
cell, and every human precaution taken, 
there is'still’a chance of escape, and the 
only effectaal way'to prevent itis to put 


me todeath. Zlny a que les morts qui 
ne reviennent pas. ‘Then all uneasiness 
on the part of the European powers, and 


Lord Castlereagh, will cease: no more 
expense, nO more squadrons to watch 
me, or poor soldiers fatigued to death, 
with picquets ‘and yuards, or harassed 
carrying loads up those rocks.” 

, HIS HABITS. 

While dressing, he is attended by 
Marchand; St.° Denis, and Novarre. 
One of the latter holds a looking-glass 
before him, and the other the necessary 
implements for shaving, while Marchand 
is’ in waiting to hand his clothes, eau de 
Cologne, &c. When he has gone over 
oné side'of his face with the razor, he 
asks St: Denis or Novarre, ‘“ Is it done?” 
and after receiving an answer, com- 
mences ‘on ‘the other. After he. has 
finished, the glass is held befere him to 
the light, and he examines whether he 
has*removed every portion of his beard. 
If lie perceives or feels that any remains, 
he sometimes lays hold of one of them 
by the ear, or gives him a gentle slap on 
the cheek, ina good-humoured manner, 
orying, “ Ab, coquin, why did you tell 
me it'was done?” ‘This, probably, has 
given rise to the report of his having 
been in the habit of beating and other- 
wise ill-treating his domestics. He then 
washes with water, in which some eau 
de Oologne has been mingled, a little of 
which he also sprinkles over his person, 
very carefully picks and cleans his teeth, 
frequently has himself rubbed with a 
flesh brush, changes his linen and flan- 
nel waistcoast, and dresses in white ker- 
seymere (or brown nankeen) breeches, 
white’ waistcoat, silk stockings, ‘shoes 
and gold buckles, and a green single- 
Dreasted coat with white buttons, black 
stock, with none of the white shirt collar 
appearing above it, and a three-cornered 
small cocked hat, with a little tri-co- 
Joured cockade. When dressed, he 
~always wears the cordon and grand cross 
of the legion of honour. When he his 
put on his coat, a little bonbonniére, his 
snoff-box, aud handkerchief, scented 
with ean de Cologne, are handed to him 

Monrucy Mag. No. 370, 


625 
by Marchand, and he leaves the cham- 
ber. 

ATROCIOUS PLOT. 

Informed by Cipriani, that in the be- 
ginning of 1815, he had been sent from 
Elba‘ to Leghorn, to purchase 100,000 
franes worth of farniture for Napoleon’s 
palace. During ‘his stay, he became 
very ititimate with a person named ***, 
who bad a *** at Vienna, from whom a 
private intimation was sent to him, that 
it was the determination of the congress 
of Vienna to send the emperor to St. 
Helena, and even had sent him a paper 
containing the substance of the agree- 
ment, a copy of which he gave to Cipri- 
ani, who departed instantly for Elba, to 
communicate the information he had 
received to the emperor. ‘This, with the 
confirmation which he afterwards re- 
ceived from M*** A*® and M*** at 
Vienna, contributed to determine Na- 
poleon to attempt the recovery of his 
throne. 

HOBHOUSE’S BOOK. 

' He observed that a book, relative to 
his last reign in France, had been lately 
sent out by the author (an Englishman), 
to Sir Hudson Lowe, with a request 
that it should be delivered tohim. On 
the back was inscribed, in letters of gold, 
—to the Emperor Napoleon, or, to the 
Great Napoleon. ‘ Now,” continued 
he, “this galertano would not allow the 
book to be sent to me, because it had the 
‘ Emperor Napoleon’ written’ upon it; 
because he thought that it would give 
me some pleasure to sce that all men 
were not like him, and that I was es- 
teemed by some of his nation, Non 
credevo che un uomo poteva essere basso 
e vile a tal segno.” 

Sir Hudson Lowe came to Long- 
wood, and calling me aside in a myste- 
rious manner, asked if IT thought that 
‘© General Bonaparte” would take it 
well if he invited him to come to a ball 
at Plantation House, on the Prince Re- 
gent’s birth-day? I replied, that, under 
all circumstances, I thought it most pro- 
bable that he would look upon it as an 
insult, especially if made 10 “ General 
Bonaparte.” 

After this, he spoke about Mr. Hob- 
house’s book, observed, that’ he could 
not send it to Longwood, as it had not 
been forwarded through the channel of 
the Secretary of State; moreover, that 
Lord Castlereagh was extremely ill spo- 
ken of, and that he had no idea of allow- 
ing General Bonaparte to read a book 
in which a British minister was treated 
in such a manner, or even to know that 

4K a work 


626 
u work containing sichirefleétions could 
he published in England}! I’ ventured 
to observe towhis €xeellency, that Napo- 
Icon was very deésivous’'to sed the book; 
and that ‘We Goala not confer a ‘niuch 
greater favour than’ to ‘send it up? ‘Sit 
Hudson feplied, that Mr. Hobbouses Gn 
the’ te iter “which' aecompanied “its had 
‘permitted Himy to. place it iar hivown lit 
brary; if he did not think himselfnitho- 
risetl’ 'to''send it to its original: destina- 
tion. ete 

\ On the following day, Napoleon again 
entered on the subject of the book to me, 
the detention of which by the governor 
he declared to be illegal; and that even 
if lie were a prisoner under sentence of 
death, the governor’s conduct would not 
be justifiable in detaining a printed and 
published book, in which there was no 
secret correspondence or treason, be- 
cause there were some hétises in it. By 
‘bétises,” he meant the inscription ad- 
dressed to him. 

; LESLIE'S AIR PUMP. 

One of Leslie’s pneumatic machines 
for making ice sent up to Longwood 
this day. As soon as it was put up, I 
went and informed Napoleon, and told 
him that the admiral was at Longwood. 
He asked several questions about the 
process, and it was evident that he was 
perfectly acquainted with the principles 
upou which air-pumps are formed. He 
expressed great admiration for the sci- 
ence of chemistry, spoke of the great 
improvements which had latterly been 
mad in it, and observed, that he had 
always promoted’ and encouraged it to 
the best of his power. I then left him, 
and proceeded to the room where the 
machine was, in order to commence the 
experiment.in the presence of the admi- 
ral. In‘a® few minutes Napoleon, ac- 

‘ companied by* Count Montholon, came 
in, and.aceosted the admiral in a very 
picasant manner, seemingly gratified to 
see him. A cup full of water was then 
frozen in his presente in about fifteen 
aninutes, and he waited for upwards of 
half an hour to see if the same quantity 
of lemonade would freeze, which did not 
succeed. Milk was then tried, bnt it 
would not answer. ‘Napoleon’ took in 
fiis hand the piece of ice produced’ from 
the water, and observed to me, what) a 

\ gratification that would’ have ‘been’ in 
Egypt. .The first ice ever seen in’St. 
Helena was made by this machine, ‘and 
was viewed with no small degree of sur- 

’ prise by the natives. al * 

HIS QUARREL WITH ‘LOWE. 
He then said, ‘“ that governor came 


O’Meara’s Voice from St. Helena. 


here yesterday to'annoy nes ole saw 
niéwalkihg ‘ii ‘thé varden, and lin’ cons 
sequence Peould not réfasetoisee hin 
Heé'wanted to enter inté some details 
with’ ‘me, ‘about reducing theres penses 
ofthe establishmento” Hehad the audas 
city to” tell nie ‘that "things Were asehe 
found them, aiid thathocame up tojus+ 
tify himself: that he‘had come up'two 
or three times heforeto do’ soj! but! that 
I was ina bath. Preplied; “Ne sSir\ I 
was not ina bath, but T orderedone’ on 
purpose not ’to'see you. oInendeavour- 
ing to justify yourselfpyou make mat- 
ters wofse.’'He® said® that! Indilbinot 
know him; that; iff knew him,'Pshould 
change my Opinion S Know youy'Sin’ 
T answered, “How eould I know you ? 
People make themselves’ known by their 
actions; “by ‘commanding in’ ‘battles. 
You have never commanded lin battle. 
You have never commanded“any but 
vagabond Corsican deserters, Picdmon- 
tese and Neapolitan brigandsv"'L kiow 
the name of every Englisl) generaliwho 
has distinguished himself; bate never 
heard of you except ‘as a’clerk’ to. Blu- 
cher, or as a commandant of, brigands. 
You have never commanded, 'orsbeen 
accustomed to men of honour.’ .“ Ee 
said, that he had not sought! for the em- 
ployment. I told him, thatisuchiem- 
ployments were not asked for; thatthey 
were given by governments ‘to people 
who had. dishonoured themselveso: He 
said, that he only did*his'dutyy andthat 
I ought not to blame him, ‘as ‘hevonty 
acted according ‘to ‘his’orders:» I repli- 
ed, So docs the hangman?'He) acts 
according to his orders/o Bot; when te 
puts a rope round my neck to‘finish me, 
is that areason thatT should@tikesthat 
hangman, because he acts according» to 
his orders. Besides, I do ‘not believe 
that any government could be’ so mean 
as to give such orders’as'yow cause to’be 
executed.’ Ttold him; that, if he:pleas- 
ed, he ‘need not send ‘up’ any thing: to 
eat. That [ would go over and dine vat 
the table of the brave officers:of the 53d ; 


‘that | Twas sure there was! not: one: of 


them who. would not be happy to give 


‘w ‘plate at! the table to an old: soldier. 


That'there was not'a soldierin the regi- 
nentowho had ‘not ‘more heart than ‘he 


‘had. *Ehatin'the iniquitous. billofpar- 
‘anient, they ‘had decreed that I wasito 
‘Pe"treated asa’ prisoner, ‘bat thatehe 
‘treated me worse than.a condemned cri- 


inal, ora galley slave,-as. those “were 
permitted to “receive newspapers” and 


‘printed books, which he deprived me of. 
WT suid, ‘ You liavespower aver my body, 


but 


ee 


— 


O'-Meara’s:V oice from ‘St.. Helena. 


but none over my soul., That.soul is,as 
prond, ficree, and. determined at.the.pre- 
sent moment,y;as when, it,commanded 
Buropedn dL, told him, that be, .was ya 
shirro, Siciliano, andinot.ap, Eu glishman; 
and, desired: him not,to,,let me see bim 
again watil cheypame,with,ordersdo dis; 
nites mepavhen,he would find, all, the 
thrown open: 4o admit him., 
iB ery not my custom,’’. continued he, 
i taabuse aby person, but; that man’s 
effrontery, produced bad, blood in .me, 
and Lebuld,not help expressing my sen- 
-timentssiy When the had, the; impudence 
ito;tellime beforedhe admiral that,he had 
changed nothing;,tbat all, was the same 
asavhen he had arrived, I replied, ‘Call 
the, nt Fe offordonnance: here, and. ask 
him. » LpwilkJeaxesit,.to his. decision. 
‘Phisstruck himdumb,,he was mute,’ 
sttHe told)me,othat,he, had found his 
situation), so, difficult, that he had re- 
signed,) 1. replied, Ahat .a’ worse. man 
than) himself -could,,not. be sent out, 
dhough the, employment, was. not one 
wWhiehia; galantuoma would wish to ac- 
eept.o) If; yous haye. an, opportunity,” 
aided he, |“ or if,any one asks you, you 
cawejat, — to peapeat what Lhave told 
aou. ” uu . 
~119 ait ‘vr vciauni S (RESIDENCE, 
-mSifddudson Lowe sent for me to Plan- 
tiga Elouse.. He ‘asked me if I had 
the subject,of their conversation. 
al, repliedysS;some, part of it.” He 
iwished.to-know what it was. I replicd, 
(that supposed he remembered it, and 
ahat I didnot wish to repeat what must 
he: disagreeable to him.” He observed 
that dyhad mentioned it elsewhere, and 
dhatibe had asight;to, hear -it from my 
own lips)|;, Although I had. permission 
1ocommunicate it, I, was not pleased to 
be »obliged,|,to repeat; to..a.,,.man’s 
face opinions such,,as, those which -had 
been expressed .of him; but under the 
circumstances of the case, 1, did, not 
think: proper. to refuse ; 1 therefore jre- 
peated), some, parts.) Sir Hudson said, 
thatdthough be had not commanded jan 
varmy againsthim, yet that be had proba- 
‘bly done him more mischief, by Abe. vad~ 
-viceand information whieljhe had.given, 
pios;|to, and) during, the. eonferencesjat 
Chatillon, some, of) which had not.been 
publishied,.-as;the conferences were 
going on at) the time—than il he, had 
scommanded against, him., ‘Ehat, what 
‘he had pointed out, bad been acted upon 
afterwards, and, was.the, cause: of his 
downfal from, the, throne, ‘\ 1. should 
like,” added he,.\‘ftolet him, know this, 
vin order to. give-him some cause for his 


pearance, 


fine, woman,.bu 


627 


hatred, Ijsball probably. publish an ac- 
count.of-the matter.’ 

Sir-Hudson.Lowe, then, walked. about 
for,.a short, time, biting bisnails, and 
asked me if, Madame; Bertrand had) se- 
peated to strangers any, of, the conversa: 
tion, which bad. passed: between Geueral 
Bonaparte and himself?,, J,replied, that 
I was not aware, that Madame Bertvand 
was yet acquainted with it, . She had 
better not,” said he, ‘lest it may render 
her and her husband's situation mach 
more uppleasant than at present.” He 
then repeated some. of Napoleon’s, ex- 
pressions ina very angry manner, and 
said, ‘‘ did General Bonaparte tell you, 
sir, that I told him. his language wasim- 
polite and indecent, and that I would not 
listen any longer. to it?” L said, “‘ no.’ 
“Then it shewed,” observed the goyer- 
nor, ‘‘great littleness on the part of 
General Bonaparte not to. tell you.the 
whole. He had better reflect.on :his 
situation, for it isin my power to reuder 
him much, more uncomfortable than he 
is. If he continues his abuse, I shall 
make him feel his situation. ,He is,a 
prisoner of war, and I have a right to 
treat him according to. his. conduct. 
Til build him up.” He, walked, about 
for a few minutes repeating again some 
of the observations, which he characte- 
rized as ungentleman-like,. &e.. -until 
he had worked. himseJf into. a passion, 
and said, ‘tell General Bonaparte that 
he had better take care what he does, 
as, if he continueshis present conduct, I 
shall. be obliged, to. take measures ‘to 
increase. the restrictions already, ; in 
force. After observing thathbehad been 
the cause of the joss of the lives of mil- 
lions of men, and might be again, if he 
got loose, he concluded by, saying, “TI 
consider. Ali Pacha to bea much | more 
respectable scoundrel than Bonaparte 2 


THE KING OF PRUSSIA} * 


I asked him, if tlie King of ‘Prussia 
was.a.manof talent. “ Who! n ‘said he, 
“the Kine of Prussia,?” He ‘burst into 
a fit of laughter, .‘‘ He a mari, of talent! 
The greatest blockhead, on earth. Un 
ignorantaccio che non ha ne talento, née 
informazione., JA Don, Quixote in ap- 
1 know him well, He can- 
neh hold, a a soonsratine for. fiye, minutes. 

Not.so his. wife; She Was a very. clever, 
ive ery. “uatosinnaie. Era 


hella, gx ise ¢ He: d’ “intellig’ enza, 


» Mr. Baxter camni Ah and Joined us 
about er, that, the expression was 


sused, 


™ F THE 


628 
THE BOURBONSs: 

He then conversed:for.ia soaidoable: 
time about -the: Bourbons.» ‘+ They 
want,” said; he,: ‘Sto introduce: the; old 
system of \nobility -into) dhe: army.) In-~ 
stead of allowing thessons\of: peasants 
and labourers to be eligible to. he made 
generals, as they were in my time; they 
want to confine it entirely to the old no- 
bility, 10 emigrés like that old blockhead 
Montchenu. |. When you have seen 
Montchenu, you have seen all the old 
nobility of France before the revolution. 
Such were all-the race, and such they 
have returned, ignorant, vain, and ‘arro- 
gant as they left it. Jls n’ont rien 
appris, ils n’ont rien oublié. They were 
the cause of the revolution, and of so 
much bloodshed ; and now, after twenty- 
five years of exile and disgrace, they 
return Joaded with the same vices and 
erimes for which they were expatriated, 
to produce another revolution. I know 
the French. Believe me, that after six 
or ten years, the whole race will be 
massacred, and thrown into the Seine. 
They are a curse to the nation. It is 
of such as them that the Bourbons want 
to make generals, LI made most of 
mine, de la boue. Wherever I found 
talent: and courage, I rewarded it. My 
principle was, la carriére ouverte aux 
talens, without asking whether they were 
any quarters of nobility to shew. It is 
true, that I sometimes promoted a few 
of the old nobility, from a principle of 
policy and justice, but I never reposed 
great confidence in them. The mass of 
the people,” continued he, “now see the 
revival of the feudal times, they sce that 
soon it will be impossible for their progeny 
to rise in the army. | Every true French- 
man reflects with'anguish, that a family 
for so many years odious to France, bas 
been forced upon them over a bridge of 
foreign bayonets. What Iam going to 

recount, will give you some idea of the 
imbecility of the family: “When ‘the 
Count d’Artois came to Lyons; although 
he throw himself on hisknecs before the 
troops, in order’ to ‘induce them to ad- 
vance against me;"he never putvon the 
cordon of the legion oPlhionour, though he 
knew that the sight’ ofit would beamost 
‘likely to excite the minds ofthe soldiers 
in his favour, as ifwas the’ erdersomany 
of them bore on ‘their“breastsjcand» re- 
‘quired nothing but braveryto° obtain it. 
But no, he decked himself out with the 
order of the Holy Ghost; to be eligible 
for which, you must prove one hundred 
‘and fifty years ‘of nobilityy<an. ‘order 
formed purposely to exclude merit, and 


O'Meara’s Voice from St. Helena. 


one which. excited; indignationy inj, the. | 
breasts, of, the old jsoldiers,; 4 We, will, 
not,’ said «they, ‘fight for} orders, dike 
that, mort, for, emignés, like: those,’ heshad ;, 
tenor eleven of these imbéciles.as aidy., 
de-camps..> Instead of shewingyte the | 
troops! some: of those generals pwho had, | 
so often Jed) them, to glory) liesbreught,| 
with him a set of misérables; who, served, 
no other purpose than to recal to the 
minds, of the;,veterans| their former suf- 
ferings under the; «noblesse, jand ithe 
priests. - 291 of dai 
“To give youan jnsiapre ofithe general, 
feeling in Franee.towards|the, Bourbons, | 
I will relate to tyou san: anecdote, On 
my return from Ltaly, while, my carriage 
was ascending the-steep: billiof,‘Parare, I) 
got out and walked ‘up, without any (at- 
tendants, as was.often my, custom... My; 
wife, and my suite, were,at.a little dis- 
tance behind me.,, I.saw, an.old;woman,, 
lame, and hobbling about with, the, help 
of a crutch, endeavouring to ascend the 
mountain. I had: a. great; coat,.on,,and, 
was not recognized...I went, up, to sber, 
and said; Well, ma ‘bonne, where; are, 
you going with a haste which so little 
belongs to your years? What, is) the 
matter? ‘Ma foi,’ replied ethe;ald 
dame, ‘ they tell me the emperonis/here, 
and I want to see him-before; L die:’ 
Bah, bah, said I, whatdo. you wantsto 
sce him for. What have you gained; by 
him. He is a tyrant,as wwelljjas »the 
others, You have only, changed;ione 
tyrant for another, Louis for, Napoleon, 
‘ Mais, monsicur; that maybe; butjafter 
all, he is the king of the people, andthe 
Bourbons were the kings of .the, nobles. 
We have chosen him,:and.if we aresto 
have a tyrant, let him, be one chosen by 
ourselves” There,”, said be; ‘you have 
the sentiments of the: Freneh nation, ex+ 
pressed by an old. womap.”))) od o4 
SOULT He woot 
L asked:his opinion about, Soult, ; ‘and 
mentioned that had heard somepersons 
place-him in the rank next to bimself-as 
algenetalo. He replied, “he! is-an.ex- 
cellent minister- at-waryor major-general 
ofran‘army 2 one wlio. knows much, better 
they arrangement ofan army, thansto 
eommandiunchief.” «! itonm ons 
VANDAMME. oni ain 
Heard a. eurious anecdote of General 
WVandammie: *« When made, prisoner by 
the Russians, he:was brought before the 
Emperor: -Alexander, who's reproached 
himaimbitter terms with being ya robber, 
aiplunderer,; and «a murderer ; adding, 
that no favour contd be granted te,queh 
an -excerable character. )) This was) fol - 
lowed 


7 WS 


UE 


O'Meua’s Voice from St. Helena. 


lowed ‘by an order’ that ‘he should be 
sent to’Siberia; ‘whilst the other prison 
crs were sent’ to & mucly less ‘northern’ 
destination’ ‘Vandamme ‘teplied) with 
gréat saig froid, “It may be; sire; that 
Tam @ robberand a pluiderer 5 (but) at 
least P have not to-reproach’ myself-with 
having ‘soiled(my. hands’ with the blood 
oPa‘father!!” a8 iikw 

SUS: OF AB HIS' PLANS. 

J expect’ nothing from® the present 
ministry “but ill treatment:® The “more 
they want to lessen me, the more I will 
exalt fyselfo oTt° was my intention to 
have ‘assumed: the’ nameof ‘Colonel 
Metron} who'was*killed ‘by my side at 
Aftcola; covering the with'his body, and 
to have lived as aiprivate person in Eng- 
land; itt some part lof the country, where 
Timightthave lived retired, without ever 
desiring to'mix in'the grand world. I 
woul never have gone to London, nor 
have dined out. © Probably I'should have 
seen 'very® few persons.° Perhaps I 
might ‘have’ formed a friendship with 
some “savans. I would have rode out 
évery ‘day, and then’ returned to my 
books.” ‘TL observed, that as long as he 
kept up the title of majesty, the English 
ministérs would’ have‘a pretext for keep- 
inf himoin!) St.°Helena. He replied, 
“tliey foree ‘me'to it. T wanted to as- 
sume ‘an weognito’ on my arrival here, 
whieh was proposed to the admiral, but 
they will not permitit. ‘They insist on 
éalling*me General Bonaparte. I have 
no'reason to be ashamed of that title, but 
Fwill not take it from them. \ If the re- 
public had not a legal existence, it had 
no’ more right to'constitute me general, 
than first'magistrate. | If I were in Eng- 
land now, and a deputation from France 
- were 'to‘come and offer me the: throne, 
DPwould not accept of it, unless I: knew 
such to be the unanimous wish of the na- 
tion. Otherwise I'should be obliged to 
tarn bourreau, and cut off 4he heads of 
thousands to keep «myself! upon! it 
‘oceans’ of ‘blood must flow*to:keep» me 
there—T have made noise enouglvin the 
worldalready, perhaps too: much,:and 
anionowgetting’ old) ando wantiretire- 
ments” These,” ‘contiiued hey tf were 
the motives which induced me*toiabdi- 
cate the last time,” 

“909. (0 OPHE) DETENSION. i 

- Pobseryed to him, that when hewas 
‘emperor, he ‘had caused «Sir: Geonge 
‘Cockburn’s brotherito:be arrested, when 
envoy at Hambargh, and iconveyed: to 
Franec, where he was detained for some 
years. He appeated surprised at. this, 
and endeavoured to recollect: it. « After 


629 
a pause, he asked me, if I was sure that 
the’ personso ‘arrested: was Sir George 
Gockburn’s ‘brother.: Dreplied, that I 
was perfectly'so, as the admiral had told 
me. the! ‘circumstance y himself. © “Lt ‘is 
likely enough,’ oreplied ‘he, “but D-do 
not‘recollcet the name. T)suppose,‘hows 
ever, that'it must: have’ been at the'time 
when’ I «caused ‘alll ‘the: English b'could 
find on the continent to be detained, be- 
cause your government had seized)upon 
allothe Frenchships, sailors; ‘and pas- 
sengers, they could lay their hands/upon: 
in harbour, oriat sea, before the declara- 
tion of war.« 1, inmy turn, seized upon 
all: the English that I could find at land; 
in order to shew them, thatiif they. were 
all-powerful ‘at sea, and) could do: what 
they Jiked there, : Dowas equally so: by: 
land, and: had as’ good: a» right: to» seize 
people on my element as they had upom 
theirs. Now,” said he, “I canscom- 
prehend the reason why your mibisters 
selected him. Iam surprised, however, 
that he never told me any. thing about 
it. A man of delicacy would not:have 
accepted the task of conducting,meé 
here under similar circumstances.:\) You: 
will see,” continued he, “that ina short 
time the English will cease to hateames 
So many ‘of them have been and: are) ini 
France, where they will hear the trutby 
that they will produce,a revolution of 
opinion in England—I will leave: it, to 
them to justify me, and I ‘have no 
doubts about the result.” Te 
NEW INSULTS; rio 
October 10, 1816.—Had,' sone :con- 
versation with Napoleon:in his dressing- 
room, during which I endeavoured to 
convince him that Sir, Hudson Lowe 
might in reality have intended, to offer 
civilities at times when his conduet,was 
supposed to-be insalting;, that, bis, ges 
tures sometimes indicated, intentions far 
from his thoughts ;/and-pavtienlanly, ex 
plained, to him that, Sir Hudson Lowe's 
having Jaid his hand .apon, his |swords 
proceeded: entirely from .an) involuntary 
habit which be:|bad of, seizing; his, sabre, 
and raising it; between,bis,side and, his 
atm, (which; T,endeavoured to.shew, him 
by gestures) ;,,that, he; bad, himself, ex- 
pressed tome that, none but a confirmed 
villaine would -attempt; to draw upon an 
unarmed, man.) “Pen 2, ragazzi, dot- 
tore,! xeplied, Napoleon, “se non é boja, 
almeno'\ne:ha,Varia., }Has he shewn you 
the: new ‘restrictions jheyhas sent to us?” 
I replied, that he-had not. said a word 
about them. . ‘¢.AA;” answered the em- 
peror, “son .certa che abbia qualche cosa 
sinistva in-vista.”’ 
This 


630 


» This: evening Count Bertrand, came, 
to my room in order thatiI should assist 
him‘in translating: somejpart of the, new 
restrictions whichnwere;yhe||said; of .a 
nature sooutrageeus to, the,emperor; 
that she! was! induced) to, flatter, himself 
with thesideacthat he-had not understood 
them,» They2were those, parts where 
Napoleon-was) prohibited from,zoing off 
the high road); from-going,on the path 
leading 10 Miss\Mason’s; from.entering 
into, any house,. and.from,conversing 
With any person whom he might mect 1. 
his rides or walks. . Preparedias Twas 
by the governor’s manner, and by what 
T had observed this day, to ex pect some- 
thing, very severe, I) confess that at the 
first. sight of these, restrictions, 1. re- 
mained. thanderstruck, ‘and, even, after 
reading them over three or four times, 
eould svareely persuade myself that. I 
had. properly understood them. 


‘NAPOLEON'S REPININGS. 


. October. 13.—Napoleon . in. bis bath. 
Complained, of headach, and general 
uneasiness; and was a_ little feverish. 
He.railed against the island, and ob- 
served, that he could not walk out when 
the sun was to be scen, for half an hour, 
without getting .a .headach, in conse- 
quence of the. want-of shade. ‘ Vera- 
mente,” said he, “it requires great re- 
solution and strength of mind to sup- 
port such an. existence as mine in this 
horrible abode. Every day, fresh colpi 
di, stilo al cuore,da questo boja, che ha 
piacere a far di male. It appears to be 
his. only, amusement, Daily he ima- 
gines modes of, annoying, insulting, and 
making me ,undergo, fresh_privations. 
He wants to shorten my life by daily 
irritations. By his last restrictions, [ 
am not permitted to speak to any onc 
I may meet, .'To people under sentence 
of death, this is not denied. A man may 
be ironed, confined in a cell, and kept 
on bread and water, but.the. liberty, of 
speaking is not denied to, him., It is a 
piece of tyranny, uvheard, of, except in 
the instance of the man with the iron 
mask. ‘Fn the tribunals of the inquisi- 
tion, a man is heard in bis own defence ; 
but Ihave been condemned, unheard, 
and without trial, in violation fall laws, 
divine and human; detained ‘as a’ pri- 
soner of war in a time of peate;' Sepa- 
rated from my wife ‘and child} Vidlently 
transported here, where ‘atbitrary and 
hitherto! anknovwn’ restrictions ‘are ims 
posed Upon me ; ‘extending even to the 
privation of speech. “Iam sure,” ¢oh- 
tinued he, “that fine uf ‘the ministers 


O'Meara’ sV vice from St., Helena, 


execpt, Lord. Bathurst,*\ would. give 
their consent, to, this last actof tyrauny. 
Elis great. desire, of secrecy, shews, that 
he is afraid of ,hisyconduct,.being made 
kvown,even,to the ministers themsel yes. 
Instead, ofall this mystery, and, espion; 
age,|they, would do better, te treat mem 
such a;mannerasnotio-be afraid of any 
disclosures, being, mades .You,reeollect 
what. I said to,yyouywhen,.this governor 
told me, inpresence of the,admiral, that 
he would: send: any, complaints we had 
to make to. England, ahdiget themipub,, 
lished in,tbe journals, .. You-see nowy, 
that he. is in, fear and), trembling, Jest 
Montholon’s. letter should find its way, to 
England, or be, known to the inhabitants 
here... hey, profess iv, England, to far, 
nish all my, wants; and in.fact Ucy.send 
out many things: this man.then, comes 
out, reduces eyery.thing, obliges me to 
sell, my plate in order, .to purchase.those 
necessaries of life which he.cither denies 
altogether, or supplies, in; quantities so 
small as to; be insufficient; imposes, daily 
new and arbitrary, restrictions, insults 
me and my followers ; concludes with 
attempting , to, deny,,.me the. fanulig nt 
speech, and then has dhe impudencge, to, 
write, that he, has.changed. nothing. 
He says, that if strangers come to visit 
me, they cannot. speak, to, .any,of, my 
suite, and wishes that they, arcs ne, 
presented by him... If my, sen came...te 
the island, and it. were required trae 

should be presented. by,,bim, L woule 
not see him, | You.know,”, conti 


he, ‘ that it was more.a trouble, tI Ph 
pleasure for me to receive many,of, the 
strangers who arrived; some;,of whom, 


. £ c 


would ata curzous beast ; but-stil it was 
consoling to have, the right.to, see 4hem,. 
if I pleased,” " ok de udstare 
HIS, SERVANTS FIDELITY ..0. 4 

The paper sent. by, the governor.. to. 
Longwood, containing an acknowledg-, 
ment from the French. of, their willing- 
hess to. submit, to such. sestrictions as 
had, or might beimposed upon Napoleon 
Bouaparte, was, signed by all, and sent 
to Sir, Hudson Lowe, "The. only alters 
ation made, by them, was ,the substi- 
tuting of “2 Empereur Napoléon,”, for, 
“Napoleon Bonaparte.” On , the. fol- 
lowing day the papers were sat hare 
by the.governor, to Count Bertrand, 
witha demand that Napoleon Boraparte 
should |, be , inserted in . the, place. of 


mercly came to, gaze; al. me, as, they; 


“* The man of the smallest mind in. the 
present ministry of senior clerks in office, 
—Epit. ‘ ane 
‘aide ? Empereur 


O'Meara’s Voice from St. Helena, 


P Bmpereur Napoléon. Saw Napoleon, 
-who''told ime that he had advised ‘them 
not! fo” sign’ if, Hat ratlier to’ ‘quit the 
istanid, ditid BS TOHO CAP el? VISE 2b 91 
“At eleven o'clock “at night,°a letter 
wus sent by Sir Hudson’ Lowe to Count 
Bertiand) in’ which he ‘informed’ him, 
tut in corisegretice of the refusal of the 
french officers to siguthe’ declaration 
with the words, Napoleon Bonaparte, 
they and” ‘the ‘domestics’ must: all de- 
part for°the’ Cape of Good Hope’ in- 
stantly, WW 2 Ship which’ was ready ‘for 
thcif reception; with the exception of 
ook} miitre de hOtel, and one or two 
of the’valets that in consideration of the 
ailvanced ‘state of Countess Bertrand’s 
pregnancy, her husband would be per- 
mitted to remain titi! she was able to 
ber the’ voyage: 

Tlie prospect-of separation from the 
emperor caused great “rief and conster- 
hation among the irimates of Longwood, 
who, without the knowledge of Napoleon, 
waited’ upon’ Captain Poppleton after 
midnight, “and signed the obnoxious 
paper, Cyith the: exception of Santini, 
Who refused’ to sign’ to any in which he 
Was not styled 7’ Empereur ), which was 
transmitted to the governor. 

EPEY 0) SHOT RATT ee: 

uF fete a! that many were surprised 
at his having ‘retained the title after ab- 
dication, “He replied, “I abdicated the 

irone of France, but not the title of 
efor. Ido not call myself Napoleon, 
éeror of France, but the Emperor 
oleon. Sovereigns generally retain 
tieir tiflés!” Phas Charles of Spain re- 
fairs ‘the title ‘of king and mujesty, after 
lia¥ving abdicated in favour of his son. 
If 1 were in England, I would not call 
niyself emperor.’ “But they want to 
make it appear that the French nation 
had not a right to make me its sove- 
reign. Tf they had not a right to make 
me emperor, they were equally incapable 
of making me general. A man, when 
he is at the head of a few, daring the 
disturbances of a country, is called a 
cliief of rebels; but, when he suceceds; 
effects ‘great actions, and éxalts his 
country and himself, from being styled 

ef of ee is called general, 
sovercign, &c. It is only success which 

akes ‘him such, Had he been anfor- 
titiate, be would be ‘still chiet of re- 
els, and perhaps perish on a scaffold, 
Your ‘nation,” corntinned he “ called 
Washington a leader of rebels for a Jong 
time, and refused to acknowledge either 
him or the constitution of his country ; 
but his successes obliged them to change, 


631 


and’ acknowledge both. » Itvis: snecess 
which makes the great'man. It would 
appear truly ridicalous’ins me,” added 
he, “‘ to'eallanyself emperor, situated as 
Team ‘here, and would* remind one’ of 
those ‘poor! wretches: in’ Bethlem, «in 
London, who" fancy” themselves: kings 
amidst their chains and’ straw, were*it 
not that your ministers force me to it.” 
SAVARY AND FOUCHE: 

Pare,” said he, “che questo gover- 
naterée é stato sempre spione. He is fit 
to be commissary ‘of police in a small 
town.” I asked him, which he thought 
had’ been the ‘best minister of police, 
Savary or Fouclié, adding, that both 
of them had a bad reputation. itr 
England. “Savary,” said he, “isnot a 
bad man; on the’ contrary, Savary is a 
man of a good heart, and a brave sol- 
dier. You have seen him weep. He 
loves me with the affection of a ‘son. 
The English, who have been in France, 
will soon undeceive yournation. Fouché 
is a miscreant of all colours, a priest, a 
terrorist, and one who took an active 
part in many bloody scenes in the re- 
volution. He is a man who can worm 


_all your secrets out of you with ‘an air 


of calm and of unconcern. He is very 
rich,” added he, ‘but bis riches were 
badly acquired. ‘There was a tax upon 
gambling houses in Paris, but, as it was 
an infamous way of gaining money, 1 
did not like to profit by it, and there- 
fore ordered that the amount of the tax 
should be appropriated to an hospital 
for the poor. It amounted!’ “to” sofie 
millions; but Fouché, who liad the col- 
lecting of the impost, put many of thenr 
into his own pockets, and it was ‘im- 
possible for me to discoyer the” real 
yearly suin total.” milter Mee 
HIS CREATIONS. 


that the creation of any rank resembling 
them would have given universal dis- 


2 content, 


632 
content, which I, powerfal as I was, 
dared not yenture upon.) I instituted 
the new nobility to ¢erdser the;old, and 
to satisfy the people, as the greatest 
part of those I created had sprung from 
themselves, and every private soldier 
had a right to look up to the title of 
duke. 
HIS HEALTH. 

He complained of his general health, 
aud added, that he feit convinced that 
he could not last long, under all the 
circumstances. I advised, as remedies, 
exercise and the diet I had formerly re- 
commended. He observed, that he 
had put in practice the diet and the 
other remedies, but as to taking exer- 
cise (which was the most essential) the 
restrictions presented an insurmountable 
obstacle. He asked many anatomical 
questions, particularly about the heart, 
and observed, Credo che il mio cuore 
non batie mai, non Vho sentito mai bat- 
tersi. He then desired me to feel his 
heart. I tried for some time, but could 
not feel any pulsation, which Lattributed 
to obesity. I had before observed, that 
the circulation in him was very slow, 
rarely exceeding fifty-eight or sixty in 
a minute, and. most frequently fifty-four. 
_ Oct. 21.—Dined at Plantation House 
in company with the Russian and 
Austrian commissioners, the botanist, 
and Captain Gor. They generally ex- 
pressed great dissatisfaction at not 
having yet seen Napolcon. Count 
Balmaine in particular observed that 
they (the commissioners) appeared to 
be objects of suspicion; that, had he 
been aware of the manner in which they 
would have been treated, he would not 
have come out. That the Emperor 
Alexander had great interest in pre- 
venting the escape of Napoleon, but 
that he wished him to be well treated, 
and with that respect due to him: for 
which reason he (Count Balmaine) had 
only asked to sce him as a private per- 
son and not officially as commissioner. 
That they should be objects of ridicule 
in Europe, as soon as it was known 
they had been so many months in St, 
Helena without ever once secing the 
individual, to ascertain whose presence 
was the sole object of their mission. 
That the governor always replied to 
their questions that Bonaparte had re- 
fused to receive any person whatsoever. 
The botanist held language of a similar 
tendeney, and remarked, that Long- 
wood was “ le dernier séjour du monde,” 
and in his opinion the worst part of the 
island. 


.O'Meara’s Voice from St. Helena. 


Oct. 23.—Napoleon: indisposed: one 
of bis\ cheeks considerably tumefied. 
Recommended, fomentation and steam- 
ing the part affected, which he put in 
practice. Recommended. also: the .ex- 
traction of a carious tooth, and renewed 
the advice I had given on many previous 
occasions, particularly. relative: to sexs 
ercise, as soon as the reduction of the 
swelling permitted it; also a continu- 
ance of diet, chiefly vegetable, with 
fruits. lhipah | 

“There is either a furious wind,” ire+ 
plied he, ‘f with fog, which gives me a 
swelled face when I go out, or when 
that is wanting, there is a sun) which 
scorches my brains (c’é wn sole ehe mé 
brucia il cervello)) for want of shade. 
They continue: me purposely in. the 
worst part of the island. When I was 
at the Briars, I had at least the advan- 
tage of a shady walk and a mild cli- 
mate ; mais ict on arrivera aw but qu'on 
se propose plus vite,’ continued he. 
“Have you seen lo sbirro Siciliano?” 
I replied, that Sir Hudson Lowe had 
informed me that he had written to 
England an account of his proposal to 
assume an incognito name. ‘* Won dice 
altro che bugie,” said Napoleon. | “It 
is his system. Lying,” added ‘he, ‘Sis 
not a national vice of the English, but 
this * **** has all the vices of the little 
petty states of Italy.” 

ALGIERS, 

At Amiens, I proposed to your go- 
vernment to unite with me, either to 
entirely destroy those nests of pirates, 
or at least to destroy their ships, for- 
tresses, and make them cultivate their 
country, and abandon piracy. But 
your ministers would not consent 1o it, 
owing to a mean jealousy of the Ame- 
ricans, with whom the Barbarians were 
at war. f£ wanted to annihilate them, 
though it did not concern me much, as 
they generally respected my flag, and 
carried on a large trade with Marseilles.” 

STATE OF ENGLAND. 

The conversation turned upon. the 
national debt and the great weight of 
taxes in England. Napoleon professed 
himself doubtful that the English could 
now continue to manufacture goods so 
as to be able to sell them at the same 
price as those made in France, in con- 
sequence of the aciual necessaries. of 
life being so much dearer in England 
than in France. He professed his: dis- 
belief that the nation could support the 
immense weight of taxes, the dearness 
of provisions, and the extravagance of a 
bad administration. “When I was in 

France,” 


O' Meara’s Voice from St. Helena. 


France,” continued he; “ with \four 
times? the extent of territory, and four 
tines tlie population, I never could have 
raised one halfof your taxes. | How the 
ling lish popolazzo bear it, 1 cannot! con- 
ceive Phe French: would not have 
suffered) one fourth of them. Notwith- 
standing) your great successes,” conti- 
naed hey }which are indeed almost in- 
credible, and to. which accident, and 
porhaps) destiny, have much contri- 
buied, I do not think thaf you are yet 
ot of the serape: though you have the 
world ‘at’ command; I do not believe 
that you wilhever he able to get over 
your debt, » Your’ great) commerce has 
keptyou up pbut that will failwhen you 
will’ no! longer be able to undersell the 
manufacturers of other nations, who are 
rapidly: improving. » Av few years: will 
tell if L am right. 

OUR ARMY /AND ‘NAVY. 

-©The worst: thing: Bngland-has ever 
done, was that of endeavouring to make 
herselfia great military nation. ~In at- 
tempting that, England mast always be 
the slave of Russia, Austria, or Prussia, 
or at Jeast subservient to some of them ; 
because you have nota population suffi- 
eichtlymumerous to combat on the con- 
tinént with -Pyanee, or with any of the 
powers L have named, and must conse- 
quently hire men from some of them; 
Whereas, at sea, you are so superior; 
your sailors are somuch better, that you 
ean always command the otliers with 
safety to yourselves and with little com- 
parative expense. Your soldiers have 
not the requisite qualities for a military 
nation. ‘They are not. equal in address, 
activity, or intelligence, to the French. 
When they get from under. the fear of 
the Jash, they obey nobody. In a re- 
treat, they cannot be managed; and if 
they meet with wine, they are so. many 
devils (¢anti diavoli ), and adieu to subor- 
dination. I saw the retreat of Moore, 
and I neyer witnessed any. thing like. it. 
It was impossible to collect or to make 
them do any thing. . Nearly, all, were 
drunk.» Your officers depend. upon, in; 
terest. or money for promotion. Your 
soldiers are brave, nobody can deny, it; 
but it was bad policy to enconrage. the 
military mania, instead of sticking to 
your marine, which is the real force of 
your country, and one which, while you 
preserye it, will always render you, pow- 
erful, Inorder to have good soldiers, a 
nation must always be at war.” 

Bi, WATERLOO. _ , 

“If you had lost the battle of Water- 
Joo, what,a state would England haye 
~Montu ty Maa, No. 370, ~~ 


633 


been in? The flower of your youth 
would have been destroyed ; for nota 
man, not evem Lord Wellington, would 
have escaped.” I observed here that 
Lord Wellington had determined never 
to leave the field alive.» Napoleon re- 
plied, “he could. not retreat. He 
would have been destroyed with his 
army, if instead of the Prussians, 
Grouchy had come up.” Lasked bim if 
he had not believed for some time that 
the Prussians who bad shewn. them- 
selves, were a part of Grouchy’s corps. 
He replied, “‘ Certainly ; and 1 can now 
scarcely comprehend why it was a 
Prussian division and not that © of 
Gronchy.” L then took the liberty of 
askiog whether, if: neither Grouchy nor 
the Prussians had arrived, it would not 
have been a drawn battle. Napoleon 
answered, “the English army, would 
have been destroyed. They. were de- 
feated at mid-day. But accident, or 
more likely destiny, decided that Lord 
Wellington should gain it. I could 
scarcely believe that be would haye 
given me battle ; because, if he had. re- 
treated to Antwerp, as he ought to haye 
done, I must have been overwhelmed by 
the armies of three or four hundred 
thousand men that were coming against 
me. By giving me battle, there was a 
chance forme. It was the greatest folly 
to disunite the English and. Prussian 
armies. They ought to. have. been 
united ; and [ cannot conceive the reason 
of their separation. It, was folly, in 
Wellington to give me battle in a place, 
where, if defeated, all. must haye been 
lost, for he could not retreat. There was 
a wood in his rear, and but one road to 
gain it. He would have, been destroyed. 
Moreover, he allowed himself to be sur- 
prised by me. This was a great, fault, 
He ought to have been encamped from 
the beginning of June, as he must aye 
known that I intended to attack him. 
He, might have lost every thing. But 
he has been fortunate ; his destiny has 
prevailed; and every thing he did will 
meet with applausc. My intentions 
were, to attack and to destroy the Eng- 
lish army. This I knew would produce 
an immediate change of ministry, The 
indignation against them for having 
caused the loss of forty thousand of tke 
flower of the English army, would have 
excited such a popular fecling, that they 
would haye been turned out. The peo- 
ple would have said, “What is it to us 
who is on the throne of France, Louis or 
Napoleon; are we. to sacrifice all our 
blood in endeavours to place on the 

wale: a throne 


634 


throne a detested family, 2), No,| we have 
suffered enough... Lt is no affair of ours, 
—let them settle it amongst themselves. 
They would) have.made, peace.) |The 
Saxons, Bavarians, Belgians, Wirtem- 
burghers, would have joined'me. The 
coalition was nothing without England. 
The Russians, would have made peace, 
aud I should have been quictly seated 
on the throne. Peace would have been 
permanent, as what could france do 
after the treaty of Paris? What was to 
be feared from her?” 

“These,” continued he, “were my 
reasons for attacking the English. I 
had beaten the Prussians. Before 
twelve o'clock, Thad succeeded. Every 
thing was mine, L may say, but accident 
and destiny decided it otherwise. The 
English fought most bravely doubtless, 
nobody can deny, it. But they must 
have been destroyed. 

THE WAR. 

“ Pitt and bis politics,” continued he, 
“nearly ruined England by keeping up a 
continental war with France.” I re- 
marked, that it was asserted by many 
able politicians in England, that if we 
had not earried on that war, we should 
have been ruined, and ullimately have 
become a province of France. “It is 
not true,” said Napoleon; “ England 
being at ;war with France, gave the 
latter a pretence and an opportunity of 
extending ber conquests to the length 
she did under me, until lL became empe- 
ror of nearly all the world, which could 
not have happened, if there had been 
no war. The conversation then turned 
upon the occupation of Malta, ‘Two 
days,” suid he, “before Lord Whit- 
worth left Paris, an offer was made to 
the minister and to others about, me of 
thirty millions of franes, and to acknow- 
Jedgemeas King of France, provided I 
would give you up, Malta.”—Napoleon 
added, however, that the war would have 
broken out, had Malta been out of the 
question. 

JOSEPHINE, 

Had some. conversation .with him 
relative to the Empress Josephine, of 
whom he spoke in terms the most aflec- 
tionate. His first acquaintance, with 
that amiable being commenced after the 


disarming of the sections in. Paris, sab- 


sequently to the 13th of Vendemiaire, 
1795. ‘A boy of twelve or. thirteen 
years. old presented, himself to. me,” 
continued he, “and entreated that-his 
father’s sword (who had been a general 


of the republic,) should be returned... I 


was so touched by this affectionate re- 


O' Meara’s Voice from St. Helena. 


quest, that I ordered it to, be given.to 
hinny ‘This boy was, Bugene Beauhar- 
nois., (On seeing the sword, he burst into 
tears, I. feltso much»affeeted oby, bis 
conduct, that,I noticed,and praised, him 
much,,;5 A) few) days (afterwardsyo his 
mother, came, to!retum:, me _alovisit (of 
thanks, , I was much -struek with»her 
appearance, and still, more, with» ber 
esprit. ‘This. first, impression was daily 
strengthened, aad marriage was notiong 
in following.” lsd to i 
LOWE'S REASONING?) efor 
Saw. Sir Hudson) Lowe.. Informe 
him of Napoleon’s) state: of shealthy and 
that he had. attributed his, complaints to 
the violence, of the wind, and:the bleak 
and ex posed’ situation! of} Longwood; 
also that he had, expressed /a desire to 
be removed either) tosthe. Briars, or to 
the other side of the island:) | His .cxcel- 
lency replied, “ The factis, that General 
Bonaparte, wants , to) .get -Plantation- 
house ; but the East India Company will 
not consent to have so finea plantation 
given to a set of Frenelimen, to destroy 
the trees and ruin the gardens.” + 
THE JEWS. wi IIa 
During the conversations I took the 
liberty of asking the emperor.bis reasons 
for having encouraged the Jews 80 
much. He replied, “ f wanted to make 
them leave off usury, and become: like 
other men. - There were a greatsmany 
Jews in the countries [reigned over; by 
removing their disabilities, and) by put+ 
ting them upon an equality with Catlhio- 
lics, Protestants,.and others, I hoped to 
make them become good citizens, and 
conduct themselves like) others of the 
community. I believe that: I-should 
have succeeded in the'end. .My reason- 
ing with them was, that, as theirrabbins 
explained to them, that they ought not 
to practise usury to their own tribes, but 
were allowed to do so with Christians 
and others, that, therefore, as I had: re- 
stored them to all their privileges, and 
made them equal to my other: subjects, 
they must consider me to be the head of 
their natiep, like Solomon or Herod, 
and my subjects as brethren of:aotribe _ 
similar to theirs... That, consequently, 
they were, not permitted) to practise 
usury with me or them, but to treatus as 
if we were of the tribe of Judah. That, 
having similar- privileges to. my other. 
subjeets, they were, in like manner, ‘to 
pay taxes, and submit. to the: laws: of 
conscription’ and -others... By this, L 
gained many soldiers. Besides, I-should 
have drawn great wealth to Prance, as 
the Jews are very numerous, and would 
. have 


O’ Meara’s Voice from St: Eelena. 


have flocked to a country where they 
enjoyed such superior privileges. More- 
over; IT wanted (0 establish an universal 
liberty of conscience. © My system ‘was 
‘tothave no! predominant religion, but to 
allow perfect liberty’ of conscicnee anid 
‘of thought, to make allbmen equal, whe- 
ther’ Protestants, Catholics, Mahome- 
tans; Deists)or others ; so that their reli- 
gion should have no influence in getting 
them cemployments under government. 
In fact, that it should neither be the 
means of ‘serving ‘or of ‘injuring them ; 
and that no. objection should be made to 
a man’s ‘getting a situation on the score 
of religion; provided he were fit for it in 
other respects... Tmade every thing in- 
dependent of religion. All the tribunals 
were'so. ‘Marriages* were independent 
ol the priests ;seven the burying-zrounds 
wete ‘not left» at! their disposal, as they 
could viot ‘refuse interment to the body 
of any person, of whatsoever religion. 
My intention was to render every thing 
belonging to the state‘and the constita- 
tion purely. civil and independent of any 
religion. L‘wishedto deprive the priests 
of all influence and power in civil affairs, 
and toeblige them tovconfine themselves 
totheir own spiritual matters, and. med- 
dle with nothing else.” 
st FREEMASONS. 
oa asked some questions relative to the 
freenrasons; and his opinions concerning 
thenn» ** Acset of imbeciles who meet, 
ai faire bonne chére, and perform some 
ridiculous fooleries.. However,’ said 
he, “they do'some goodactions. ‘They 
assisted in the revolution, and latterly to 
diminish thé power of the pope, and the 
influence of the clergy. When the sen- 
timents of a people are against the go- 
verument, every society has a tendency 
to. do: mischief to if”’ I then asked if 
- the freemasons on the continent had any 
connexion with the illuminati.» He re- 
plied, «‘t No, that is ‘a‘society altogether 
different, and'in Germany is of ‘a very 
dangerous nature.” I asked if he-had 
not encouraged the freemasons?’ He 
said,‘ Rather so, as they fought against 
the = : 
vil CARNOT. ~ 
Phe: following is his dee orton of 
Carnot. ‘Ay man laborious and sincere, 
but liable tothe influence of ‘intrigues 
andicasily deceived.» He had ‘directed 
the operations of war, ‘without having 
merited the eulogiums:which were pro- 
nounced upon him, as he had neither 
the experience nor the habitude of war. 
When minister-of-war, he shewed but 
little talent, and had many quarrels with 


635 


the ministéer-of-finance and the treasury ; 
inall ‘of which he was wrong. He lelt 
the ministry, convinced that he could not 
fulfil his station for want of money. He 
afterwards voted against the establish- 
ment of the empire, but, as his conduct 
was always upright, he never gave any 
umbrage to tle government. © During 
the prosperity of the empire, he never 
asked for any thing; but after the mis- 
fortunes in Russia, he demanded em- 
ployment, and got the command of 
Antwerp, where he acquitted himself 
very well. After Napoleon’s return from 
Elba, he was minister of the interior ; 
and the emperor had every reason to be 
satisfied with his conduct. He was 
faithfal, a man of truth and probity, and 
laborious in his exertions. After the 
abdication, he was named one of the 
provisional government, but he was joué 
by the intriguers by whom he was sur- 
rounded. He had passed for an original 
amongst his companions when he was 
young.. He hated the nobles, and ‘on 
that account had several’ quarrels with 
Robespierre, who latterly’ protected 
many of them. He was member of the 
committee of public safety along with 
Robespierre, Couthon, St. Just, and the 
other butchers, and was the only one 
who was not denounced. He afterwards 
demanded to be included in the denun- 
ciation, and to be tried for his conduct, 
as well as the others, which. was re- 
fused ; but bis having made the demand 
to share the fate of the rest, gained him 
great credit. 
BARRAS, 

“ Barras,” he said, “was a ‘violent 
man, aud possessed of little knowledge 
or resolution $ 5 fickle, ‘and far froin 
meriting the reputation which ‘he en- 
joyed, though from the violetice’ of his 
manner and Joudness ‘of: tone in’ the be- 
ginning of his speeches, one Woutd have 
thought otherwise.” 

THE POLES, 

I made a few remarks upon the Poles 
who bad served in his army, who I ob- 
served were greatly attached to his per- 
sone SCANT? “replied “the emperor, 
“they were much attached to me. ‘The 
present viceroy of ‘Poland was with me 
in my campaigns’ in Egypt. 1 made 
hima general: “Most of my old Polish 
guard are now employed through policy 
by Alexander.” “Phey’ are a brave na- 
tion, and muke ‘good ‘soldiers. Tn the 
cold \whieh prevails’in the northern 
countries® the Pole is better than the 
Frenchwan.” 1 asked-him, if in Tess 
rigorous climates'the Poles were as good 

soldiers 


636 


soldiers\as the Freneh,, ‘Qh,).no,)no. 
Iu other places the:-Frenchman, is much 
superior. ‘The commandant of Dantzic 
informed, me, that during|the severity of 
the, winter, when the. thermometer sank 
eighteen degrees, it, was impossible to 
make the) French | soldiers keep » their 
posts as sentinels, while the) Poles  suf- 
fered nothing... Poniatowsky,” conti- 
nued he, ‘was a noble character, full of 
-honour and bravery. It was my inten- 
tion to. haye-made him King of Poland, 
had I succeeded in Russia,” 
THE RUSSIAN CAMPAIGN. 

I asked to what he principally attri- 
buted his failare of that expedition. 
“To the cold, .the premature cold, and 
the burning of. Moscow,”’ replied Na- 
poleon. ‘Iwas afew days too late—I 
had made a calculation of the weather for 
filly years before, and the extreme cold 
had never commenced until about the 
20th of .December, twenty days later 
than it began this time. While I was 
at Moscow, the cold was at three of the 
thermometer, and was such as the 
Freneh could with pleasure bear ; but on 
the march, the thermometer sunk eigh- 
teen degrees, and consequently nearly all 
the horses perished. In one night I lost 
thirty thousand... ‘The artillery, of which 
T had five hundred picees, was in a great 
measure obliged to be abandoned; nei- 
ther ammunition nor provisions could be 
carried, We could not make a vécon- 
naissanee, or send outian advance of men 
on horseback, to, discover the way, 
through the want of horses. ‘The soldiers 
lost their spirits, fell into confusion, and 
lost theirsenses. ‘The most trifling thine 
alarmed them, Four or five men were 
sufficient to frighten a whole battalion. 
Instead of keeping together, they wan- 
dered about in search of fire., Parties, 
whensentout on duty in advance, aban- 
doned their posts, and went to seck the 
means of warming themselves in the 
houses. They, separated’ in all direc- 
tions, became, helpless, and fell anveasy 
prey to the enemy. Others lay down, 
fell asleep, a little blood came from their 
nostrils, and, sleeping, they diced, In 
ihis manner thousands perished.» ‘Lhe 
Poles, saved) some of their horses ‘and 
artillery, but, the E’rench; and the 'sol- 
diers of the other nations Thad with me, 
were no,longer the same meni | Inspar- 
ticular, the cavalry suffered: Out, of 
forty thousand, I do not think that three 
thousand were saved... Had itinot, been 
for that fire at Moscow, I should: have 
succeeded. I would have wintered 
there. There were in that city about 


O? Meara’s Voice from St. Helena. 


forty thousand citizens; who wene in a 
manner slaves,. For you must) know 
that the Russian nobility keep their vas- 
sals in a sort-of> slavery. d!would: have 
proclaimed jiberty,\to all the: slaves:in 
Russia, andhabolished vassalageaind:no- 
bility. » Phis «would || have »procturcd ne 
ihe union ofan immense.anda: powerfal 
party.) \T would, either have imddeca 
peace at Moscow, or ‘else: P: would bavie 
marched the) next yeamto Petersburgh. 
Alexander was assured of it; andsént lis 
diamonds, valuables, and |shipsitonMng- 
land. Had»it not:been, for that fire I 
should have succeeded imevery thing. 1 
beat them two days before, in agreatiac- 
tionat Moskwa;L attacked the Russian 
army of two hubdrediand fifty thousand 
strong, entrenched: upto dhein necks, 
with ninety thonsand,-and» totally: de- 
feated them. Seventy ‘thousand Rus- 
sians lay upon the field..|'Phey had the 
impudence to say that they» had gained 
the battle, though twoodays after’ I 
marched into: Moscow.!: J) was) in dhe 
midst of a fine city, provisioned: for a 
year, for in Russia they always lay in 
provisions for several months before the 
frost sets in. Stores.of all:kinds werein 
plenty. The houses of -the ‘inhabitants 
were well provided, and:many hhadveven 
left their servants to attend upon ts,: In 
most of them there was a note left.by the 
proprietor, begging the French: olficers 
who took possession to) take ‘cure:of 
their furniture and other! things; that 
they had left every. article necessary) for 
our wants, and hoped:toreturnin a few 
days, when the Emperor Alexander had 
accommodated matters, at which time 
they would be happy to'see us. Many 
ladies remained bebind.»» They knew 
that I had been in Berlin and Vienna 
with my armies, and that no injury had 
been done to the inhabitants; and, more 
over, they expected aspecdy peace. We 
were ip hopes of enjoying ourselves in 
winter quarters, with every prospect of 
success In the spring. 
THE FIRE/AT MOSCOW. 

Two days after our arrival, a fire was 
discovered, which at first was not sup- 
posed to bealarming, but to have been 
caused by the soldiers kindling their fires 
too near, the houses, which were chiefly 
of woods) Dowas angry atthis, and issued 
verysstrict orders on the subject to: the 


»commandants/of regiments’ and others. 


The next day it had advanced, but still 
not)so as/to give sericus alarm. How- 
ever, afraid that it might gain upon us, I 
went out on horseback, and gave every 
direction to extinguish it, ~The next 

morning 


O? Meara’s Voice from St. Helena, 


morning’ a violent wind arose, and the 
fireispread with othe greatest rapidity. 
Some Hnnadred misereants, hired for that 
purpose, ‘dispersed ‘themselves im «dif- 
ferent parts ‘of othe town, and owith 
matches; which they concealed: wider 
their cloaks, set fireto’as many houses 
toowind wardsas ‘they: could; which was 
easily done; iniconsequence of the com- 
bastible) materials cof which they were 
ibuiitie:Dhis, together with the violence 
of ithe bwind, ‘rendered «every effort ‘to 
extinguish ‘the fire ineffectual. 1 my- 
itself narrowly:-escaped) with life. In 
lorder toy shew ianoexample, T ventured 
intoothe midst 'of the flames, and had 
imy ‘hair andoeye:brows:singed, and my 
clothes’ burnt:off my back; bat it was 
in yain,~as theyhadodestroyed most of 
the pumps, of which there were above a 
thousand sout of alk these, I believe 
thats we could. only° find one: that was 
serviceable; Besides, the wretches that 
had been hired by Rostopchin, ran about 
“in every quarter, disseminating fire with 
their matches);) in which they were but 
too much assisted by the wind. ‘This 
terrible conflagration ruined every thing. 
(was prepared forevery thing but this. 
dt was unloreseea, for who would have 
) thought thata nation would have set its 
capital on fire?) The inhabitants them- 
uselves, however, did all they could to 
extinguish: it, and several of them pe- 
lorished in:their endeavours. They also 
isbrought before us numbers of the in- 
cendiaries with their matches, as amidst 
such a popolazzo we never could have 
discovered them ourselves. I caused 
about two hundred of these wretches to 
be/shot., Had it mot been for this fatal 
fire, L had every thing my army wanted ; 
-excellent winter quarters; stores of all 
kinds were in plenty ; and the next year 
would. have decided it. ©» Alexander 
would have made peace, or I would 
hiave been in Petersburgh,” I asked if 
he thought that he could entirely: sub- 
due Russia. ‘ No,’ replied Napoleon ; 
“but IT would bave caused: Russia to 
»make such a peace as suited the in- 
terests of I'rauce. 1 was five days too 
late. in quitting Moscow.’ Several, of 
the generals,” continued he, ‘were burnt 
vout, of their, beds. I. myself: remained 
in the Kremlin, until. surrounded, with 
flames, The fire advanced, seized the 
Chinese and India warehouses, and se- 
veral stores: of oil (and) spirits, which 
burst forth in flames and overwhelmed 
every thing. I themretired toa country- 
house of the Emperor) Alexander's, 
distant about a Jeague from Moscow, 


»so0?” 


637 


und you may figure {o yourself the in- 
tensity of the fire, when ET tell you, that 
you''could ‘scarcely bear your lauds 
upon the walls or the windows on the 
side ‘next to! Moscow, in’ consequence 
of their heated’state... [i was the spec- 
tacle of a sca and billows of fire, a sky 
and’ clouds of flanie;* mountains of red 
roiling flames; like immeuse waves of 
the sea, alternately bursting forth and 
elevating themselves to skies of fire, and 
then sinking juto the occan of flame 
below. Oh, it was the most grand, ‘the 
most sublime, and the most terrific sight 
the world ever beheld! 
HIS RELIGION. 

I observed, thatin England there were 
different opinions about his fwith; that 
some had latterly supposed him to be a 
Roman Catholic. © ‘* £bbene,” replied 
he. “Credo tutto quel che crede la 
chiesa.” (E believe all that the church 
believes.) ‘I used,” continued be, ‘* to 
make the bishop of Nantes dispute with 
the Pope frequently in my ‘presence. 
He wanted to re-establish the monks. 
My bishop used to tell him that the em- 
peror had no objection to persons being 
monks in their hearts, but that he ob- 
jected io allowing any society of them 
to exist publicly. The Pope wanted me 
to confess, which I always evaded by 
saying, ‘Holy father (santo padre), 1 
am too much occupicd at present. 
When I get older.’ I took a pleasure 
in conversing with the Pope, who was a 
good old man, ma testardo, (though 
obstinate.)” 

“There are so many different reli- 
gions,” continued he, ‘ or modifications 
of them, that it is difficult to know 
which to choose. If one religion bad 
existed from the beginning of the world, 
I should think that to be the true one. 
As it is, Tam of opinion that every per- 
son ought to continue in the: religion in 
which he was brought up; in that of bis 
fathers. What are you?” ‘“ A protes- 
tant,” I replied.“ Was) your father 
I-said, “ Yes.” “Then conti- 
nue in that belief.” 

“Tn Fratice,”” continued he, “IT re- 
ecived Catholics and Protestants alike 
at my levee.’ [ paid’ their ministers 
alike. DE gaveothe oProtestants a fine 
ebureh at: Paris; which had formerly be- 
jonged to the Jesuits. | In order to pre- 
vent any religious ‘quarrels in places 
where | there’ were both Catholic and 
Protestant churches, I prohibited them 
from tolling the bells to summon the 
peuple to worship in their respective 
churches, uiless the ministers of the 

- one 


638 


one and the other, made)a specific re- 
quest for permission o,do\so, and: stat- 
ing that it was at the desire and request 
of the members of each religion. | :Per- 
mission was then given for a ‘year, and 
if- atthe expiration-of that year the de- 
mand. was not renewed by both parties 
again, it;was noti.continued, By these 
means, I prevented the squabbles which 
had. previously existed, as the Catholic 
priests found that they could not have 
their own bells tolled, untess the Pro- 
testants had a similar privilege.” 
ANIMALS AND VEGETABLES. 

“There is a link between animals and 
the Deity. Man,” added he, ‘‘is merely 
a more perfect animal than the rest. 
He reasons better. But how do we 
know that animals have not a language 
of their own?) My opinion is, that itis 
presumption in us to say no, because 
we do not understand them, A> horse 
has memory, knowledge, and love. He 
knows his master from the servants, 
though the latter, are more constantly 
with him. I had a horse myself, who 
knew me’ from any other person, and 
manifested, by. capering and proudly 
marching with bis head erect, when I 
was on his back, his knowledge that he 
Wore # person superior to the others by 
whom he, was surrounded, Neither 
would, he allow any other person to 
monet him, except one groom, who econ- 
stantly took care of him, and, when rode 
by him, his» motions were far different, 
and such asjseemed) to say that he was 
conscious: he bore am inferior, When I 
lost: my «way, I) was aceustomed to 
throw ihe bridle down bis neck, and he 
always; discovered it in places where I, 
with all) my) observation, and | boasted 
superior knowledge; could not. Who 
ean deny thersagacity of dogs? . "There 
isa} link between all animals. Plants 
are! so, many animals - who. eat) and 
drink, and) dhere are gradations np.to 
man, Who) is, only; the: most, perfeet-of 
them .all.,, ‘The same {spirit sanimates 
them, allin a greater,ora lesser degree,?” 

BLUCGHER, 

“ Blacher,” said hess avery brave 
soldier,” 22 -bon sabrewm; Ele is dikesa 
buil who shuts his eyes; and, seeing, no 
danger, rushes,en. oe oommitted sa 
thousand faults; and, had it net been, for 
eircumsiances,, T-couldsepeatedly, have 


made him andjthe greatest part of, his; 


army prisoners... Ele} is.stubborn and 
indefatigable, afraid of nothing, and very 
much attached to his country ; but, as.a 
general, he, is, without talent... f recol- 
lect, that, when I.was..in Prussia, he 


O Meara’s Voice from Sts Helena. 


dined at my. table: after he had surren- 
dered, ant: he was then considered to be 
an ordinary character’ busenod 

DIFFERENT ‘SOLDIERS: \\) 

I asked his» opinionorelative ‘to/ithe 
comparative meritof the Russians; Pras- 
sians, and Germans, Napoleon replied; 
“\ Soldiers: change, ) sometimes iibrave; 
sometimes laches, » Lhave'seen the Rus: 
sians (at; Bylau perform:prodigies of vas 
lour:they’ were so many heroes! vAt 
Moscow, cntrénched up to their necks, 
they allowed me to beat: two: hundréd 
and fifty thousand men withminety thou- 
sand. At dena, and.at other battlés in 
that campaign, the, Prussiansofled like 
sheep; since:that time they have fought 
bravely. . My opiniontis, that mew, the 
Prussian soldier is superior to sthe Anss 
trian. ‘The French cuirassiers were the 
best cavalry. in the world, pour enfoncer 
Cinfanterie... Individually, theres isone 
horseman:superior, or) perhaps equal,:to 
the Mameluke ;, but they cannotsact: in 
a bony As partizans, the! Cossacs ex 
cel, and the Poles.as lancers.?0:'Dhis he 
said in reply to a question made iby me 
of his opinion relative:to ithe cavalry. 
I asked who he thought! wasi thé best 
general amongst the Austrians.“ Prince 
Charles,” he ‘replied, ‘* though heedas 
committed a thousand faults.))As; to 
Schwartzenberg, he is not fit: to; com~ 
mand six thousand men.” i ettil 

. 0 MURAT. 

“ Those Neapolitans,” conical shes 
“are the most vile canagtiein the world, 
Murat ruined: me by advancing against 
the Austrians. with ‘theni... When, old 
Ferdinand. heard of .it, helaughed, and) 
said, in his jargon, that.they would serve 
Murat as they had done shim, before;, 
when Championct. dispersed alundred 
thousand of them like so. many sheep, 
with ten thousand Frenchmen; »E had 
forbidden Murat to act; as, after D ve- 
turned: from: Elba, there was'an under- 
standiag between the Emperor of Aus- 
triajand me, that, if [igave himup Italy, 
hei would not join the coalition against 
me. "This J, had: promised, and would 
haye| fulfilled it;, but, that dmbécile, \in 
spite,of-the direction Thad giyen him-to 
remain, quict; advanced with his rabble 
into btaly, where. he was blown away like. 
a-puff., Lhe Emperor of Austria seeing: 
this, concluded. direcily. that, itsvas by” 
my orders, and) that.1 deceived shim; 
and being-eunscious that be had} ‘betray 
ed me himself before, be supposed) that 
I did not intend to keep faith with him, 
and determined to, endeavour to crush 
me) with all) his. forces. -Lwiee Miurat 

betrayed 


O’Meara’s Voice from St.\Helena. 


betrayed and ruined me.«’ Before, when 
he forsook me,. joitied: the: allies with 
sixty thousand men) \and obliged ‘me to 
leave thirty thousand in Italy, when I 
wanted them*sovmuch elséewheres At 
that time, hisiarmy! was wellcofficered by 
French, « Had it not been for this. rash 
step of -Murat’s;: thes Russians would 
have retreated; vas their intentions were 
not to have ladvanced; if Austria did not 
jin thecoalition; so that you would 
have been ‘left to yourselves, and have 
gladly: made a peace.” 

-UoU) ¥) PEACE WITH! ENGLAND. 
 Heobserved that he had always been 
willing toomake'a peace with England. 
“Suet your ministers! say? what they 
like,”\said he, “ Lo was always ready to 
makeva peace. At’ the time that Fox 
died; there was every prospect of effect- 
ing:one. Ff Lord Lauderdale had been 
sincere »at first, it would also have been 
concluded: “Before the campaign in 
Prussia; I caused’ it’ to be signified to 
him,that he had better get bis country- 
mew to make peace, as I would be mas- 
ter of Prussia in two months; for this 
reason, that although Russia and Prussia 
united might be able to oppose me, yet 
that Prussia alone could not. That the 
Russians were three months’ march dis- 
tant; and that, as Phad intelligence that 
their plan’ of campaign was io defend 
Berlin, instead -of retiring, in order to 
obtain the support of the Russians, I 
would°destroy their army, and take Ber- 
lin before’ the-Russians came up, who 
alone-I would easily defeat afterwards. 
T therefore advised him to take advan- 


tage of my offer of peace, before Prussia, 


whowas your best friend on the conti- 
nent, was destroyed. After this com- 
munication, I believe that Lord Lau- 
derdale was sincere, and that he wrote 
to your ministers recommending peace: 
bet they would not agree to it, thinking 
that the King of Prussia was at the head 
of a hundred thousand men; that I 
might be defeated, and that’ a defeat 
would be my ruin. This was possible. 
A Wattle sometimes decides every thing; 
and sometimes the most trifling thing 
decides the fate ofa battle. The event, 
however, proved that Twas right, ‘as, 
after Jena, Prussia was mine. After 
‘Tilsit and’ at Erfurth,” continued ‘he; 
“a letter containing proposals of peace 
to England, and signed by the Emperor 
Alexander and myself, was'sent to your 
ministers, but they would not accept of 
them.” 
SPAIN. 
In answer to a remark of mine, that 


639 


the invasion of Spain had been a mea- 
sure very desttuctive to him, he replied, 
‘©Tfothe government I established had 
remained, it would have been the best 
thing that ever liappened for Spain. I 
would’ have regenerated the Spaniards ; 
Iwould have made them a great nation. 
Instead of a feeble; imbecile, and super- 
stitious race of Bourbons, Tf would have 
given them a new dynasty, ‘that would 
have no claim on the nation; except by 
the good it would have rendered unto it. 
For an hereditary race’ of asses, they 
would have had a monarch, with ability 
to revive the nation, sunk under the yoke 
of superstition and ignorance. Perhaps 
if is better for France that [ did not suc- 
ceed, as Spain would have beena formi- 
dable rival. I would have destroyed 
superstition and priestcraft, and abolish- 
ed the inquisition and the monasteries 
of those lazy bestie di frati. IT would at 
least have rendered the priests harmless. 
The guerillas, who fought so‘bravely 
against me, now lament their’ success. 
When I was Jast in Paris, I had letters 
from Mina, and many other leaders of 
the guerillas, craving assistance ‘to ex- 
pel their frear from the throne.” 
TALLEYRAND. 

On asking his opinion of Talleyrand, 
“ Talleyrand,” said he, “ le plus vil des 
agioteurs, bas flatteur. Cest un homme 
corrompu, who has betrayed .all parties 
and persons. Wary and circumspect; 
always a traitor, but always in conspi- 
racy with fortune, Talleyrand treats his 
enemies as if they were one°day to be- 
come his friends ; and his friends,’ as: if 
they were to become his enemies.» He 
isa man of talent, but venal in every 
thing. Nothing could be done with him 
but by means of bribery. ‘Phe kings of 
Wirtemberg and Bavariamade’so many 
complaints of his rapacity and extortion, 
that I took his portfeuille: from him: 
moreover I found that he had divulged, 
to some tntriganis, a most important se- 
cret which T had confided to him alone, 
He’ hates the Bourbons! in ‘his heart. 
When I returned from Elba, Talleyrand 
wrote to me fron’ Vienna, offering his 
services, and to betray the Bourbons, 
provided I would’ pardon ‘and restore 
him to favour. He atgued upon a part 
of my proclamation; in which I said 
there were circumstances which it was 
impossible to rasist, which he quoted. 
But IT considered that there were a 
few 1 was ‘obliged to except, and re- 
fused, as it would have excited indigna- 
tion if I had not punished somebody.” 

I asked ifit were true that heii or 

a 


640 


had advised him to dethrone the King of 
Spain, and mentioned that the Duke of 
Royvigo had told me that Tatleyrand had 
said) in his presenec, “ Your majesty 
will never bo! secure upon your throne, 
while a Bourbon is seated upon one.” 
ile replied, ** True, he advised me to do 
every thing) which would injare | the 
Bourbons, whom he dctests.” 

HIS WOUNDS. 

Napoleon shewed me the marks of 
1wo wounds: one a very deep cicatrice 
above the left knee, which he said he 
had received in his’ first campaign of 
Ttaly, and was of so. serious a nature, 
that the surgeons were in doubt whether 
it might not be ulfimately necessary to 
amputate. Fle observed, that when he 
was wounded, it was always kept a se- 
evet, in order not to discourage the sol- 
dicrs. The other was on the toc, and 
had been received at Eckmuhl. “At 
the siege of Acre,” continued he, ‘a 
shell, thrown by Sidney Smith, fell at.my 
fect. ‘Two soldiers, who were close by, 
seized, andclosely embraced me, one in 
front and the other on one side, and 
made a rampart of their bodies for me, 
against the effect of the shell, which ex- 
ploded, and overwhelmed us with sand. 
We sunk info the hole formed by its 
bursting; one of them was wounded. 
I made them both officers. One. has 
since lost a leg at Moscow, and com- 
manded at Vinecnnes when Tf left Paris. 
When he was summoned by the Rus- 
sians, he replied, that, as soon as they 
sent him baek the leg he had lost at 
Moscow, he would surrender the for- 
tress. Many times in my life,” conti- 
nuecdhe, “have I hbeen saved by soldiers 
and officers throwing themselves before 
me when I was in the most imminent 
danger. At Arcola, when I was ad- 
vaneing, Colonel Meuron, my aid-de- 
camp, threw himself before me, covered 
me wilh his body, «ad reeeived the 
wound which was destined for me, Ie 
foll at my feet, and Lis blood spouted up 
in my face. He gave bis life to preserve 
mine. Never yet, believe, has there 
been such devotion shewn by soldiers as 
mine have manifested for me. In all 
my misfortunes, never has the’ soldier, 
even when expiring, been wanting to 
me—never bas man been served more 
faithfully by his troops. With the last 
drop of blood: gushing out of their veins, 
they exclaimed, Vive ? Empereur !”° 

DUROC, 
' Mentioned to the emperor that I had 
been informed he had saved Maréchal 
Duroc’s life, when seized and condema- 
3 


O’ Meara's Voice from St. Helena. 


ed to death as an emigrant, duting \ lis 
first campaigtis in Italy; which was as- 
serted) to: have: been: the  eause\of the 
great attachment subsequently displayed 
by Duroc to him) until thechour vot his: 
death, ‘Napoleon looked ‘surprised, and 
replied, ‘* No suck thing—who; toltl you 
that tale?” LD said, that f had heand the 
Marquis Montchenw-repeatitat aypubhic: 
dinver. “ There is motva, word of :trathy 
in it,” replied Napoleoni» 4 Idook Da- 
roc out of the artillery: train, when he 
was a boy, and proteeied himyuntil his 
death. -Bat-I suppose Montchenu said 
this, because Duree was ofan eld) fa- 
mily, which in that: booby’s, eyes is the 
only source of merit. die despisesevery 
body who has not as many jhundred 
years of nobility to boast,of,as- himself. 
It was such as Montchenu who were 
the chief cause of the revolution, . Be- 
fore it, sacha man-as. Bertrand, who is, 
worth an army of Montehenus,, could 
not even: be a. sous-lieutenant, while 
vieils enfants like him would begenerals, 
God help,” continued he, ‘the nation 
that is governed by suelsIn my time, 
most. of the generals, of whoseodeéds 
France is so prond, sprang from dhak 
very class of plebeians so much despised 
by him.” sate $F Ie 
COUNT BLACAS, » sh ovhai 
“ When in Paris, after my return foom 
Elba, I found in M. Blacas’s private pa 
pers, which he left behind when heoran 
away from the Tuilleries, aletter which 
had been written in Elba by one of my 
sister Pauntine’s. chamber-maids, .,and, 
appeared to have been. composed in aw 
moment of anger.. Pauline is very hand- 
some and graecfinl.. There was, a de- 
scription of her habits, of her dress, her 
wardrobe, and of every thing that. she 
liked; of how fond I was of contribut- 
ing to her happiness; and that I had 
superintended the furnishing of her bow- 
doir myself; what an extraordinary man 
I was; that one night I had burnt, my 
finger dreadfully, and had merely poured 
a bottle of ink over if without, appearing 
to regard the pain,’ and many, little 
bétises, true enough perhaps. ‘This lef- 
ter M. Blaeas had got interpolated with 
horrid stories; in fact, insinuating: that 
L slept with my sister; and.in the mar- 
vin, in the hand-writing of the interpo- 
lator, was written—to be printed.” 
ENGLAND, ah: 
He then spoke about thedistress pre- 
vailing in England, and said, that it was 
caused by the abuses of the ‘ministry. 
“ You have done wonders,” said he; 
“ you have effected impossibilities, I 
4 may 


A Voice from St. Helena, 


may say; but J think that England, en- 
ecumbered with a national: debt; whieh 
will take forty years of peace and com- 


meree to pay off, may be:compared to, a, 


man who has: drunk large quantities of 
brandy to give him courageand strength; 
but afterwards, weakened by the stimu- 
has! which had imparted: energy, for the 
moment, he totters:and finally falls; his 
pewers entirely exhausted by the unna- 
tural means used to excite them.” 

1 BANA PRUSSIA. 

“ PT gave Hanover to the Prussians,” 
continued lie, ‘f on purpose to embroil 
them with you, produce a war, and shut 
you out from the continent. The King 
of Prassia was blockhead enough to be- 
Neve that he could keep Hanover, and 
still-remain at’ peace with you. He 
made war upon me afterwards, like a 
madman, indaced by the queen and 
prince Louis, with some other young 
men, who persuaded him that Prussia 
was strong enough, even without Russia. 
A’ few weeks convinced him of the con- 
trary.” 

DIFFERENT SOVEREIGNS. 

'Heenlogized theking of Saxony, who 
he said wasa truly good man; the king 
of Bavaria, a plain good man; the king 
of Wirtemberg, a man of considerable 
talent, but unprincipled and wicked. 
“* Alexander and the Jatter,” said he, 
‘*are the only sovereigns in Europe pos- 
sessed of talents.” 

JOSEPH BONAPARTE. 

Napoleon conversed about his brother 
Joseph, whom he described as being a 
most excellent character. ‘ His vir- 
tues and talents are those of a private 
character; and for such, nature intended 
him: he is too good to be a great man. 
He has no ambition. He is very like 
mé in person, but handsomer. He is 
extremely well informed, but his learn- 
ing is not that which is fitted for a king; 
nor is he capable of commanding an 
army.” 
id MOREAU. 

“Moreau,” said he,“ was an excel- 
lent general of division, but not. fit to 
command a large army.” ' 

" ). DESAIX AND KLEBER. y 

Of all the generals Lever had unde 
me, Desaix and Kleber possessed the 
greatest talents; especially Desaix, as 
Kleber only loved glory,inasmuch as it 
was the means of procuring him riches 
‘and pleasures; whereas Desaix loved 
‘glory for itself, and despised every thing 


else. Desaix was wholly wrapt up in 


war and glory. ‘To him riches and plea- 
sure were valueless, nor did he giye them 
Montuc_y Mas. No, 370, 


‘superior talent. 


641 


a moment's thought... He was. a little 
black-looking man, about an.inch shorter 
than Lam, always badly dressed, some- 
times, even sagged, and. despising com- 
fort or, convenience. ,, When in Egypt, 
I made him a) present of a complete 
field-equipage several, times, but he al- 
ways lostit. Wrapt.upin a cloak, De- 
saix threw himself under a gun, and 
slept as contenitedly, as if he were ina 
palace. For him luxury had no charms. 
Upright and honest in all his proceed- 
ings, he was called by the Arabs, the 
just sultan, He wasintended by nature 
for a great general... Kleber and Desaix 
were a lossirreparable to France. Had 
Kleber lived, your army in Egypt would 
have perished. Had that imbecile Me- 
nou attacked you on your landing with 
twenty thousand men, as he might have 
done, instead of the division Lanusse, 
your army would have been only a meal 
forthem. Your army was seventeen or 
eighteen thousand strong, without ca- 
valry.” Asked him if it were true that 
Desaix had, a little before his death, 
sent a message of the following’ purport 
to him. ‘‘ Tell the first consul, that I 
regret dying before I have done suffici- 
ent to make my name known to poste- 
rity.” Napoleon replied, ‘ it was true,” 
and accompanied it with some warm 
eulogiums on Desaix. 
LASNES. 

“ Lasnes, when [ first took him by 
the hand, was am ignorantaccio., His 
education had been much» neglected. 
However, he improved greatly; and to 
judge from the astonishing progress he 
made, he would have been a general of 
the first class. He had great experi- 
encein war. He had been in fifty-four 
pitched battles, and in three hundred 
combats of different:kinds. He was a 
man of uncommon bravery; cool.in the 
midst of fire; and possessed of a clear, 
penetrating eye, ready to take advantage 


. of any opportunity which might present. 


iiself. . Violent and hasty in his expres- 
sions, sometimes even in my présence, 
he wasardently attached to me. In the 
midst of his anger he would not suffer 
any person to join him in bis remarks. 
On that account, when be was in a cho- 
leric mood, it-was dangerous to speak to 
him, as he used to.come.to me in his 
rage, and say, that such and such per- 
sons were not to be trusted." As a gene- 
ral, he was greatly superior to Moreau, 

or to Soult.” 

#4 MASSENA, 

* Massena,” said he, “ was a man of 
He generally, how- 
ever, 


642 
ever, made bad dispositions previdus to 
a battle ;: and it was mot until the dead 
began to fallabout him, that he began 
to act, with that judgment! which. he 
ought to bave displayed before: In the 
midst of the dying and the dead, of balls 
swecping. away those who.encircled him, 
then Massena. was bimsclf; gave his 
orders, and, made his dispositions with 
the greatest sung froid and judgment. 
This is trae nobleness of blood, | It was 
truly said of Massena, that he never be- 
gan to act with judgment until the bat- 
tle was going against him. He was, 
however, un voleur, He went halves 
along with the contractors and ecommis- 
saries of the army. I signified to him 
often, that if he would discontinue his 
peculations, I would make hima present 
of eight hundred: thousand, or a million 
of franes; but le had acquired such a 
habit, that he could not keep his hands 
from money. On this account he was 
hated ,by. the soldiers, who mutinied 
against him three or four times. How- 
ever, considering the circumstances of 
the times, he was preciows ; and had not 
his bright parts been soiled with the vice 
of avarice, he would bave been a great 
man.” 
PICHEGRU. 

“ Pichegru,” continued Napoleon, 
“ was répétiteur at Brienne, and in- 
structed me in mathematics, when I was 
about ten years old. _He possessed con- 
siderable knowledge in that science. 
“Asa general, Pichegru was a man of no 
ordinary talent, far superior to Moreau, 
although he had never done any thing 
extraordinarily great, as the success of 
the campaigns in Holland was in a great 
measure owing to the battle of Fleurus. 
Pichegru, after he had united bimsclf to 
the Bourbons, sacrificed the lives of up- 
wards of twenty thousand ofhis soldiers, 
by throwing them. purposely into the 
enemy’s hands, whom he had informed 
before hand of bis intentions.” 

ALEXANDER. 

Asked his opinion of the, Emperor 
Alexander, “ C'est un. homme, extréme- 
ment faux. Un Gree du bas empire,” 
replied Napoleon. _‘‘ He is the only one 
of the three,* who has any talent, He 
is plausible, a great dissimulator,, very 
ambitious, and a man who studies to 
make himself popular, It is his foible 
to believe himself skilled in the art, of 
war, and he likes nothing so well as to 
be complimented upon it, though every 
thing that originated with himself rela- 


* Alexander, Fraticis, and the king of 
Prussia. 


A Voice from St. Helena. 


tive to | military | operations,. was) ill- 
judged jandabsurd.|| At Tilsit, :Alexan- 
dervand the Kibg of Prassianused: fre- 
quentlyto, oceupy themselves, in) con- 
triving dresses.for dragoons ; debating 
upon’ What button de cresses.of the wer- 
ders ought to, be hubg; andy such other 
fooleries. «They fancied themselyes\.on 
an equality, withthe best .generalsoin 
Europe, because they knew, bow) many. 
rows of buttons there wereupon a dra- 
goon’s jacket.» I-could, seatcely. keep 
from Jaughivg sometimes, whend)heard 
them. discussing these) coplonerieowilb 
as much gravity and earnestness as, if 
ihey were planning an impending action 
between’ two | hundred) thousand men. 
However, 1 encouraged, them in, their 
arguments, as L saw/it|was, their weak 
point. We rode out) every; day toge- 
ther, "Phe king of Prassia was un béte, 
ct nous a tellement ennuyé;, that Alexan- 
der and myself frequently galloped away 
in order to.get rid of him.” on 
HIS RISEoIN EIRESorg orig 
Napoleon afterwards, recounted tome 
some part of his early lifes:said, jthat 
after having been at school, at Brienne, 
he was sent to Paris, at; the) age) off fil- 
teen or sixteen ; ‘‘ where; at the;general 
examination,” continued » he,c)*, being 
found to have given the-best answers,;in 
mathematics, 1 was appointed to the ax- 
tillery. After the revolution, abautjone- 
third of the artillery officers emigrated, 
and I became ehef de bataillow, at; Abe 
siege of Toulon; having been proposed 
by the artillery officers themselves ,as 
the person who, amongst them, possess- 
ed the most knowledge) of ihe scienee. 
During the siege, 1 commanded,the ar- 
tillery, directed the, operations against 
the town, and took O'Hara prisoner, as 
I formerly told you. After, the siege, 
was made commandant of the artillery 
of the, army. of, Italy, and, my , plans 
caused. the capture. of .many, considera- 
ble fortresses'iin Switzerland. and Italy. 
On my return to Paris, 1 was made ge- 
neral, and the command of the,army in 
La Vendée. offered to me, which I re- 
fused, and replied that such a command 
was onlyfit for a genera] of gendarmerie. 
On ‘the 13th of Vendemiaire;, I com- 
manded,, the, army of the conyention in 
Paris-against,the sections, whem I de- 
feated, aficr an action.of a few. minutes. 
Subsequently L got the command of the 
army of Italy, where L established, my 
yeputation,. Nothing,” continued he, 
“has been:more simple than my, eleva- 
tion. It was not the result of intrigue 
or crime, » It. was owing to the peculiar 
' circumstances 


A Voice from St. Helena. 


circumstances of the times, and because 
Efonght. successfully against: the ene- 
mies of my country, »Whatits ‘most iex- 
traordinary, and I believe: unparalleled 
inilastory, is; that Lxose from being a 
private person; to the astonishing: height 
of power E possessed, without having com- 
mitted a‘single erime to obtain it. If I 
were on’ my death-bed, I could make the 
same declaration,” 

ol) © (CPHEOREVOCLUTIONISTS. 

‘Heard him express some sentiments 
afterwards relative to afew of the cha- 
acters ‘who had figured in the revolu- 
‘tion. ** Robespierre,” said he, ‘ thongha 
blood-thirsty monster ‘was not so bad as 
Collot'd’ Herbois; Billaud de Varennes, 
Hebert, ‘Fouquier:Tinville, and many 
others: > Latterly Rubespierre wished to 
be more moderate; and actually, some 
time before his death, said that he was 
tired of executions, and suggested mo- 
deration.»| When Hebert accused the 
queen de contrarier la nature, Robes- 
pierre proposed that he should be de- 
nouticed,'as having made such an im- 
probable aceusation purposely to excite 
ai'sympathy amongst the people, in 
order that they might rise and rescue her. 
‘From-the beginning of the revolution, 
Douis had constantly the life of Charles 

“the Pirst before his eyes. ‘The example 
of Charles, who had come to extremities 
with ‘the‘parliament, and lost his head, 
prevented Louis on many occasions 
f¥6m6 nmakine the defence which ‘he 
“ougiit to ‘have done against the revola- 
tionists.°° When brought to trial, he 
ought morely to have said, that by the 
laws he could dono wrong, and that his 
‘person Was sacred. The queen ought to 
have done the same. It would have had 
no effect in saving their lives; bat they 
would have died with’ more dignity. 
Robespierre was of opinion that the king 
ought to have been dispatched privately. 
* What is the use,’ said Robespierre, of 
this mockery of forms, when you go to 
the trial prepared to condemn him to 
death, whether he deserves it or ‘not!’ 
‘The queen,” added Napoleon, * went to 
the scaffold with some sensations of joy; 
anid truly it must have been a relief to 
her to depart from a litle in whieh she 
was treated with such execrable barbia- 
rity. Had 4,” continued he,“ been 
four or five years older, Phave'no doubt 
that I should have'been guillolined along 
With nuinbers of others.” 

ENGLAND AND 118 POLICY. 
Dee, 8th. —Conversed at length about 
the situation of Etetand; which he im- 
puted entirely to the imbeeility of Lord 


643 


Castlereagh.’ “If,” said he, “ your 
ministers liad paid attention to the in- 
térests of the country, instead of ‘in- 
triguing, they would have rendered you 
the most happy and the most flourishing 
nation in the world. At the conclusion 
of the war, they should have said to the 
Spanish and Portuguese governments, 
‘we have saved your country, we alone 
have supported you, and prevented you 
from falling a prey to France. We 
have made many campaigns, and shed 
our best blood in your cause. We have 
expended many millions of money, and 
consequently the country is overbur- 
dened with debt on your account, which 
we must pay. You have the means of 
repaying us. Our situation requires 
that we should liquidate our debts, 
We demand, therefore, that we shall be 
the only nation allowed to trade with 
South America for twenty years; and 
that our ships shall have the same privi- 
lege as Spanish vessels. In this way 
we will reimburse ourselves, without 
distressing you.’ Who,” continued he, 
“could say no to this? France is now 
nothing. Besides, to tell the’ truth, it 
would be only a just demand, and none 
of the allied powers could deny your 
right to exact it; for it was through you 
alone, and the energy which you dis- 
played, that both Spain and Portugal 
did not fall. As it now is, France will 
soon have the trade of the’ Brazils; as 
you have in your own colonies’ more 
cotton and sugar than you want, and 
consequently will not take the produe- 
tions of the Brazils in exchange for your 
merchandize. ‘Now tlie French will; as 
Martinique cannot supply a‘ qitantity 
sufficient for the consumption of France. 
They will exchange their manufaétured 
coods, silks, furniture, wines, &e. against 
the colonial produce, and’ soon have the 
whole trade of the Brazils.” Tn’ like 
matiner they will have the preferenée th 
trading with the Spanish colonies 5 partly 
on account of the religion, and also be- 
eause the Spaniards, fike other tations, 
are’ jealous of a'people all-powerful at 
sea, dnd will constantly assist 10 lessen 
that power; which is most effectially to 
be dure py Lesseving your commerce, 
Your ministers’ have had false idcas of 
things.’ "Mey imagined that they could 
inundate the coritivent with your mer- 
chatidize, And find a’ teady sale. No, 
no: the world is How more illuminated. 
Even the Rassias will ‘say, * why 
should we carich this tation, to cnable 
her to keep up a monopoly and tyranny 
of the seas, while our own manulacturers 

are 


644 


are numerous aud skilful,’ “You will,” 
continued be, “ find that in a few years 
very little English merchandize will be 
sold on the continent. I gave a new 
era -to_ mannfactories. "The Wrench 
already excel you in the manufactory of 
cloths. and, many other articles. “The 
Hollanders, in cambric and linen. T 
formed several thousand.. I established 
the Ecole Polytechnique, from which bun- 
dreds of able chemists went to the differ- 
eht matiufactories.. In each of them, f 
caused a person well skilled in chemistry 
to reside. In consequence, every thing 
proceeded upon certain and established 
principles ; and they had a reason to give 
for every part of their operations, in- 
stead of the old vague and uncertain 
mode. Timesare changed,” continued 
Napoleon, “and you must no longer 
jook to the continent for the disposal of 
your mannfactures. America, the Spa- 
nish and Portuguese main, are the only 
yent for them. Recollect what I say to 
you. Ina year or two your people will 
complain, and ‘say, ‘ we have gained 
every thing, but we are starving ; we are 
worse than we were ‘during the war,’ 
England has played for all or for no- 
thing, (ha eitocato per tutto o per niente ), 
She has gained all, effected impossibill- 
ties, yet has nothing; and her people are 
starving, and worse than they were dur- 
ing the midst of tle war; while France, 
who has lost every thing, is doing well, 
and the ‘wants of her people are abun- 
dantly ‘supplied. France has got fat, 
notwithstanding the liberal bleedings 
which she ‘has had; while England is 
ikea ian who bas bad a false momen- 
tary strength given to him by intoxi- 
cating liquors, but who, after their effect, 
‘sinks into a state of debility.” 
Jt SIR, THOMAS READE. 

Saw Sir' Thomas Reade, to, whom, I 
mentioted Napoléon’s answer relative to 
the intenview; whith the governor, was 
desivous) «to, obtain, for, Sir, Thomas 
Strangei-> Sir)'Thomas, replied, “Jf, 1 
were governoty Vi bed——d if L,would 
not make him feel,thathe,was a prisoner.” 
Tobserved, ““ Why, youscannot do mueh 
more) to, him than you) have jalready 
done, unless; youo:put;, him, dn, irons:” 
« Ob,’ answered Reade, \“ ifhe didjpot 

comply) with what d,.wanted; ll be 
d—d if DT wouldn*t;take his,,beeks 
from bim,| which Pljadyise the governor 
to do.) He: is),a,d——-d, outlaw, jand.a 
prisoner, and the governor has a right to 


treat him with as much severity as,he | 


likes, and nubody has any business to in- 


A Voice from St. Helena. 


tetfere With him in the execution of his 
ay eas se re eR CARES: 9 
‘PROSPECTS OF FRANCE. ” 


1990 


m= 
possible, that twenty-nine millions, of 
Frenchmen, ean live contented und the 

hem 


ikl 


DEATH OFOMOREAUs oi) Sis: 
“In the battle before Dresden,”''said 
Napoleon, “I ordere@an*attack tobe 
made upon the alliés by botl flanks of 
my army. While the matoeuvres! for 
this purpose were executing; the centre 
yemained motionless,” At the distance of 
about from this t6 the ouler gate, (about 
500 yards,) I observed a group'of' per- 
sons collected together on “horseback. 
Concluding that they were endeavouring 
to observe my manocetivres, T resolved ‘to 
disturb them, and called’to a captain of 
artillery, Who commanded a’ field -bat- 
tery of veighteen or twenty’ ‘pieces : 
‘throw! a'Uozen of bullets °at once into 
that group’; perbaps there’ ate some litte 
‘general itv it. ‘Et was done instantly. 
One of tiie balls sivynck’ Moreau, catried 
of Vdth ‘his legs, and went through his 
‘horses! Many more, T believe; who'were 
inédt Hin, wéete killed uid wounded) A 
opvement before. Alexander shad” been 
speaking’ to hin, “Moreau’s ‘legs! ‘were 
amputated ‘not farrom the*spety “One 
VOrhis fect; with the boot upon it, which 
4{he'su¥geon had thrown upon the ground, 
iB Fi Si : ; 


* One of the commissioners. 
was 


A Voice from St. Helena. 


was brought by a peasant to the king 
of Saxony, with information that some 
officer of. great. distinction had been 
struck by a cannon shot. The king, 
conéeiving that the name of the’ person 
miet perhaps be ‘discovered’ by the 
boot, sent it to'me. It was exainined 
at my head quarters, but all that could 
be ascertained was, that the boot was 
neitlier of English nor of French manu- 
facture.’ The next day we were in- 
formed ‘that it Was ‘the leg of Moreau, 
It is nota little extraordinary,” continu- 
a Napoleon, “that inan' action a short 
time afterwards, TDordéréd the same ar- 
tillery officer, with the°-same guus, and 
under, nearly simifar circumstances, to 
throw eighteen or twenty bullets at once 
into a Concourse. of officers collected 
together, by ‘wltich General St. Priest, 
another Frenchman, a traitor and a man 
of faleni,“who had a command in the 
Rassian army, was killed, along with 
many others. Nothing,” continued the 
‘emperor, ‘‘is more destructive than a 
discharge of a dozen or more guns at 


‘nee ‘amongst’ a group of persons. 
‘From one or two 'they may escape ; but 
froma number discharged at a time, it 
is almost impossible.” 
_... ‘AIS PROSPECT OF DEATH. 
: “Dee. 14.— Napoleon very unwell. 
‘Hall’ pissed a very bad night. Found 
‘him in bed at eleven, p.m. ‘‘ Doctor,” 
said he, “I dhad’a nervous attack last 
night, which kept me continually un- 
easy and) restless; with a severe head- 
»ach;,andiinvoluntary agitations. I was 
»Without.sense for a few moments. I 
yerily thouglit and hoped, that a more 
violent. attack would have taken place, 
which would have carried me off before 
morning, 1 seemed as if a fit of apo- 
plexy was coming on. | I felt a heavi- 
ness and giddiness of my head, (as if it 
were overloaded wiih, blood,) with a de- 
) sive to.put myself in an upright posture. 
I felt a heat in, my head, and called to 
those about me to pour some. cold water 
over it; which they:did not. comprehend 
for! some time. Afterwards, the. water 
felt. hot, andI thought it smelt. of, sul- 
‘phur, though: iu reality it .was, cold,” 
_ At) this, time he was in, a free perspira- 
ytion, which I) recommended: him to, en- 
‘courage, and his head-ach was much 
diminished, |, After I had recommended 
every thing I thought necessary or ad- 
visable, he replied, “ One | would, live 
too long.” He, afterwards spoke about 
funeral rites, and, added, that when he 
died, he would wish that his body might 


t 
Df 


645 


be, burned. “It is the best mode,” 
said he, ‘fas then the corpse does not 
produce any inconvenience; and as to 
the resurrection, that must be accom- 
plished by a miracle, and it is easy to 
the Being who has it in bis power to 
perform such a miracle as bringing the 
remains of the bodies together, to also 
form again the ashes of the dead.” 

I mentioned to his exceNency, the 
fit of syncope with which, Napoleon had 
been attacked: “‘It would be lucky,” 
replicd Sir Hudson Lowe, “if he went 
off some of those nights in a fit of the 
kind.” I observed, that I thought it 
very probable that he would be attacked 
with a fit of apoplexy, which would 
finish him, and that, continuing to lead 
his present mode of life, it was impos~ 
sible he could remain in health. Sir 
Hudson asked, what could induce him 
to take exercise? I replied, to mode- 
rate the restrictions, and to remove 
some of which he complained so much. 
Sir Hudson Lowe made some obser- 
vations about the danger of allowing a 
man to get loose who had done such 
mischief already. 

HIS REPINING. 

“What a fool I was to give myself 
up to you,” continued he; ‘I hada 
mistaken notion of your national cha- 
racter; I had formed a romantic idea 
of the English. There entered into it 
also a portion of pride. I disdained to 
give myself up to, wny_of those, soye- 
reigns whose countries I had conquered, 
and whose capitals L had entered in tri- 
umph; and I determined to confide in 
you, whom I had never vanquished. 
Doctor, Tam well punished for the good 
opinion I had of you, and for the con- 
fidence which [ reposed in you, instead 
of giving myself up to my father-in-law, 
or to the emperor Alexander, either of 
whom would have treated me with’ the 
greatest’ respect?’ 1 observed, that it 
Was possible that Alexander might have 
sént him'to Siberia; ** Not’at: all,” re- 
plied Napoleon; setting: aside: other 


Mmi0tives, Alexander ‘would; through po- 


liey,) and from the desire which he’ has 


‘to make chimself popular, have’ treated - 


mé"like’‘a king, and fF should have 
hid palaves’ at'‘command. "Besides, 
Alexander is° a ogenerous’\man, and 
would have taken a'pleasnre in treating 
me well; and my father-in-law, though 
he is an imbecile, is’ still’a religious man, 
and in¢apable of committing crimes, or 
“pes acts ‘of cruclty as are practised 
nere.” , dade 


CHRONICLES 


646 
CHRONICLES,.OF ERI;))) 


belug the . 
HISTORY OF THE! GAAL'SCIOT IBER? 
see eitsttt 
THE IRISH PEOPLE; 


Translated from the original Manuscripts in the 


Phoenician Dialect of the Seyihiau Language. 
sa By O'CONNOR. 

2 Vols... Price 27s. demy, and 35s, royal. 

- : : Ss, 

[Mr. O’Connor’s work must be regarded 
as one of the most original and extraor- 
dinary which the printing-press ever 
brought before the world, Its early 
chapters were written in the age of Mo- 
ses, and it records events coeval with 
the entire book of Genesis; while it 
illustrates and explains the real nature 
of many of the events, which a love of 
the marvellous and mis-translations have 
converted into miracles. It then conti- 
nues the history of the Gaal Sciot Iber, 
through above athousand years, by au- 
thoritative eye-witnesses of the events 
recorded; ive. through the entire period 
of Grecian and early Roman history ; 
but without any reference to those peo- 
ple who mingled not with the Gaal Seiot 
Ther. Nor is it a mere dry history, but 
it is intermingled with episodes like Ge- 
nesis, aud with poctical sentiments like 
Ossian. To the whole, Mr. O’Connor 
has prefixed full and very elaborate dis- 
sertations in proof of the authenticity of 
the woik, (of which, however, internal 
evidences sufficient proof,) and in illus- 
tyation of the history of the nations 
which preceded the Greeks and Ro- 
manus. In this task he bas acquitted 
himself with a degree of talent and ern- 
dition, equal to the grandeur of his ob- 
ject, though not unmixed with p rejudices 
of his own, 
mark, as an answer to siperficial or val- 
gar flippaacy, that these MSS. have no 
relation whatever to the fables which 
the monks have imposed on the world 
asvearly Trish history ;| but are directly 
opposed to them, as well in'substance as 
in pretensionand character.| Nor must 
the author be, confounded with his 
younger brother, General Anthir O’Cen- 
nor, whose political tergiversations have 
created so much, animadyersion, ,and 
whose relationship with Marshal Grou- 
chy will furnish a clue to historians, of 
our tines, relative to the true character 
of the “ sloriés” of the day of Waterlod. 
leis, as he states, te head of llié races ote 
who never comproniised bis prineiples, 
though his life has often Deen endanger- 

BH his inflexibility; whiclrindexibility 

will, we suspect, in:some degree inter- 

fere even with the mtefests and object 
of the present work] 


ee 


It may be worthy of re-. 


O? Gonnor’s, Chronicles of Eri. 


THE WRITINGS OF EOLUS. 
PART THE, PIRST.—CHAPTER 1. 
O WISDOM, thou, art, to be preferred 
to all things, to impart, wisdom, is 
the duty of all men. He who, possess-, 
eth wisdom, and neglecteth to instruct 
others, hoardeth what should be hate 
itis a treasure that may be lavishly, be- 
stowed, without injury to the, donor ; 
yea the donor enrichcth himself. bythe 
gut. eaciiw bhio 
Wisdom is. the knowledge of. truth 
direct, without doubt, ic) vii 
Hearken, my son, to the words of our 
ereat fathers; from them: our, fathers 
heard tle lessons of w a in the words 
of truth, passed by them to, us_that, now, 
be, and from us to be deltyered, to those 
who are to come; so, dill time, ofthis 
earth shall be no more, which will not.be: 
til] Baal shall withdraw theslight of :his 
countenance, the fire,of his spirit, froma 
the children of this wonkdy 0.6 (ose 
Many are the truths still hidden,from 
map; who candeelare at what time the. 
waters were rolled from. off this.carth2— 
none. Who hath informed man :hosy,he 
was made ?—how long his dwelling was, 
in the bosom of, the vast deep?—-bowyor 
when be ceased: to. breathe, im that ele- 
ment ?—none. pS ae 
Who hath disclosed the first. dimen- 
sions of all things? Who hath noted 
the degrees of their decrease? Wohojcan 
tcll—by what means can man.now dis- 
coyer the causes of the production, of all 
things? teil thie 
It is said that Baal formed every thing 
from the earth, the water,.and, the air, 
and into man alone breathed ..the, spirit 
of fire, pure essence of himself, the effect 
whereof is reason. vad of" 
bus is it said, who knoweth.how, true 
ly? with whom, did Baal, hold. talk 2— 
at what time did he draw nigh unto the 
children of men? which one, ef the sons 
of mau did ever approach Baal? who is 
he that ever heard the sound_of the yoice 
of Baal, dhat he could distinguish. ihe 
words. of his breath? doth Baal, speak 
aloud, to wake man affear'd? who, can 
icli his, words,?—none, 

. Man jimagincth-Are, the, thoughts 
whigh he diyulgedhto his fellow, just 2) 

For mysell, I ask, and, none can tell. 
how came Baal himself? is henot com- 
posed of materials the sauce as all other 
lixing beings, his. linge dimensions, his 
might and poy er, cllects cf combinations 
unknowh;to nan? a: tliat : 

_ Manyjare, te; things, beyend the rea- 
son which man possesscth ; he may fan- 
ey what availcth faiey 2 ibsis dfmo 

avail ; 


: 
SCA AN CPVOS FPSHfaAz Sammoza Arp Stallad dow 
ASAIAWADIS WO MPA OCAY MY I/pnis ant 
OL wy MA CLAN GOrAY MACEIM Fotall ocay mM Kile d 
gcay wa Sp A Bat 3 ae AL vic B® CRN yen 
_ \ : n 30 CED 
ocav agar a yy a Ar A Prip AW © PZ 
WA wp you e Higa repr aperp WHOM TAMIYT ACL : 


aca wad nay YO Aap wa focala yrur, 3c snrz 


‘ : Lope fiom the original. Mes 
Liaise y Vir R Phillis, A Mlban O1 l{ tf Figs the orge — Ms E 
Ea 0h: Ga ae ty S Ortig, Litheg Tring 


* In these places the manuscript is illegible. 


1 


AM yprck\ py \eusr firs 
AOS: <TH AUT Ace y= eno Rumen 3 
saat 72 Moysaykac 
23 > Gea a 
COS WATANIZIM Ayralh atveravle FAcher 
a MW [barpary Sprs Ao ladpa rw vpcord rXvhie 
: AS TY Tpocripr o ea { = 
( pocaypac 
At LAA wos Ao3ac WAP HAXM arp fF 
cl raw fava tr Aothrin cTPT OCAY Slay 


EM ALY XC o3 Vv callt s C 

DM AN WAC? J AL VA afac ax\\ cr\31r¢ ORAS & 

ALY ZAlaw CAV YPceppaRD fc fAOd aw JOM 3aK vty we 
SAT USS OSU Nas prS vor barcley Morledd ye we 
} AW ped LALAIVIA cay U7 ew y 30 Vee 


ANv HAVE ye AM\adA 2 - eo 
\ a w MN YF xy AT pray 


(ed qviitsap eX “briped in Wtiplarc 


\ CAN AVI pe bbe 


Lu Ja bay t Qay \abpa byprs Weve arte Mla wsaddin bprsa 


INP MW vt AQ tTWaAdD Wap Spry yo ARASAVA Ale 
OX \IAVIZADO F&F 7 = 
! (Col WAP jo Arp WLOMAP YD ollib Sodro 
AWC AY EP AW SAM YEr0 x vbtap 
LySack ¢ ~ VAS cry ~ TARY Stu alle 
LMT p WX Clan da ibrip BYALA DAA VA Sram adbry 
Diclvy Wr Frp oy lr ovr yo\\ Ocay YXY 
rit tpr~c voWxIVTad And pp 1) AM bocur Aowin 
, do vd rrbrvpad evacrpr drorprcy Myr 
2 Xa c] Vyqtae ye TPAC Mop 1p 7oSpA 30 \to 
> 1 i « py ai ~{xZarip b prayer AAaApC ay choy 
y \ | ( y\~ \ 
a 0 ) cop r¢ bpragrat WYTACAKC AN 
, rr Ayep Avivre Aepacyrad rurrlle Slroyjapp 2 aimee 
VS 
LUagary Peracem am fad TX\F AIP AW Yorn 


Ly amrasarad Dpryeisue TAMVY 77 


JAN SAc yw 19AdN0OW \> Wagi 30 vow \aer 


b ocr deapzapn® fPrasapad 


UN's SPCAWDX 


1 VALI Pp A we bt SMO rysiw aw AVITPETACT 


iTravol veA AMM B\rOY TAPP AAI 
Ubi p Sherxzrm ocay eure wp AMT Tip ocry am rid 
iPTOMP TAMLYQ AY OCaYMA EPpasap far Ye iMbprop.pMviTa foy— 


Ayom \riqiprdd r Alazarf 


eC 


LA waipe aiprw yruvil o 


bprayhw ocr) WAY erysord rc fr alle 3am aye pAAranzr 


( 


iad yhsr sambac Ao3ac tn MA roy 
LIT AIPA APary Prec yor qobpa fopsrxspryze 3071 yo 
tare qepp obad Ao mac tH 30 7obpr mrad 


LAN \ 


c7VIAMIS7-A AN aAoy or Srvzezsnrol Avimrcepy TT TOMAS 
ADA MPAc AK adbap Atay te Was 


yaprqrorp Pp yqoarndnr an 


z n wACT 
Daa WIM y TANT ie 


(dope, AW Sevwt pracy Oe AWAD ov\\t AM TMP 


rep ~arle iw olay FAT qyinn QAP COMPAS MAIsqerpyroryna 


SCAU CHLOE HPSHFaAT Srammazr Arp 3tallad dora 


ASatAwmrx pis wa LUPIs OcraY Ms TPs ant 


webyo na Olas ccrxy macein total ocat ma filed 
DAY MA H4pAX A3ZAI sgc Atrrxd 2» AV iM 
Ocr ssrA ly » Ark APDIP AMM Ip 30 crpy 


a bep ett e Bred cpr apere Uqorzamyticy 
ocay wad nap YO Aap va focala yur, 3c snaz 


Aan oille 


Digs ees ts eyes eyes ee ee fows Sede= wuwaet ig il or 
bP Ugapeke -g C2ee gS eSSes eS bse lags as S432 24s 05 seya gi puen 
Og Sao Ss passer ese 8 ogSe eo ces ees 3223790 -g53 328 ESE 
PE a re 2 ae h Zane ees 2eaT FEF ceecs 


O'Connor's Chronicles of Eri. 


avail; reason and wisdom reject such, 
as misconceptions of vanity, 

Man would be’ thought to kiiow al} 
thin#s, even of \the air, aud for lack of 
wisdom’ flyeth to. deceitful faney, the 
vain; the ignorant, ‘the credulous is one, 
— wisdom) trath, and reason is one 
oftiers 8"! 

My Sot,Do thy utmost to attain to 
the certain knowledge of things of this 
world within the scope of thy under- 
stafiding: “List ‘not to idie dreams of 
airy fantasy ; ; contemplate ever so deeply 
on things thy senses cannot reach, all 
thy’ contemplations will come round to 
the’ point whereiit they commence ;— 
Where ?—They commenced in fancy— 
in fancy they’ will end. 

‘Are there not things in abundance 
level with thy comprehension wortby of 
all thy care ?—Hast thou not parents— 
the father who begat—the mother who 
bared and suckled, tenderly reared thee 
up, anxiously watched over thy helpless 
state—Hast thou none of thy mother’s 
womb—no partner of thy secret thoughts 
—thast tliow no children—are no friends 
thine 2— 

Hast thou nota name to be spoken of 

now,—to be remembered in after times? 
—how great the joy to hear the voice of 
praise raised in memory of our forefa- 
thers— what elory to the race—what an 
eXulfation io all those descended from 
their loins! 
‘Hard hath been the lot of him, whose 
spirit hath taken its flight to mingle with 
itS kindred elements, no mention made 
of him in times to come—untoward hath 
been the mind of him, who hath not left 
a trace of his existence amongst men— 
or to be remembered by reason only of 
his evil deeds. 

How glorious to gain immortality, by 
having infused a portion of his spirit into 
the children of man, to abide on the earth 
for ever. 

My Son,—Pursue not phantoms of 
imagination, study thyself{—call to mind 
continually ‘the materials of whieh thou 
art composed—if muchi of them is prone 
to the sluggishness of earth, tlie instabi- 
lity of water, the inconstaney' of nimble 
air, remember the fire of thy spirit hath 
power 10 controw! and direct, if thou wilt 
keep it pure. 

Oh! that man should suffer his pas- 
sions to subdue his reason, the fire of bis 
spirit. smothered, all but extinguished, 
—are earth, air, and water, more power- 
ful than fire?—is. matter more potent 
than spirit? 

Why delighteth man to do what he 
3 


647 


condemneth in another ?—Why doth he 
unto his fellow, what he would not that 
his fellow.should do unto him? 

The heart of man is proud—he covet- 
eth power and_pre-emivence;,.he will 
gain them by deeds of evil, without re- 
flection ; he listencth 10 the voice of the 


. seducer, the false flattering,tongue that 


betrayeth—unruled passions. hurry him 
on—folly taketh dominion of such an 
one ; reason hath departed from him, his 
spirit was weak, 

My Son,—Let ali thy actions be such, 
that when thy bulk shall be inanimaie, 
thy spirit shall live for ever in the hicarts 
of men. 

My Son,—Hear the tale of times of 
old; hear of our race the renowned of 
the earth. What time. our fathers mark- 
ed not, is as ihe cloud that hath passed 
away, no note taken—no memorial pre- 
served: 

Let us speak of times measured by 
Baal in his circuit, as he moveth in his 
course to animate his children. 

How glorious is Baal, how good, how 
provident; doth he not produce the frnits 
that sustain the life of man ?—doth he 
not feed, and warm every living being? 

Doth he not give light. by “di ay, and 
impart a portion rot his. splendour to, his 
dwelling place to illumine the night,and 
mark the seasons? 

How terrible is Baal in his anger, 
when he sendeth forth his:messengers in 
fire, air, and water, and maketh the earth 
to tremble. All elements are his ser- 
vants. 

Hear of times marked—T have the 
rings of our fatbers; they hayé noted the 
rings of their times: L will mark the 
rings of my days. ‘fhou wilt mark those 
of thy days—so shall signs and. seasons 
be perpetual. 

Attend now, my,Son-—Our great: fa- 
thers dwelt on the left:sideof the sun’s 
rising, beyond the: sources) of the great 
waters. Of: days marked whilst Baal 
performed one thousand ‘and eleven cir- 
cuits in lis course: 

Then did they spread themselves from 
the flood of Sgeind even to the banks of 
Teth-gtis, 

Aid. when one thousand three Jiun- 
dred and four, rings. were, completed, 
then did our faihers: of these days pass 
to, this, side of 'T'eth- rBris, and, moying to- 
wards) the, sun’s. going, reach to. the 
Aflveidg-eis; and they became lords of 
all the lands: on: this side, and on that, 
they outstretched: their arms over all 
nations, with merey. 

And Absal, he it was who went out 

before 


648 


before the liost, from the land of the 
elements of which our great fathers were 
formed. 

And Daire was'he who conducted the 
children of the land to this side A ffreidg- 
eis—and the rate of Daire were chiefs 
of the earth, 

Attend again, my Son,—When twice 
nine hundred rings, and thrice’ three 
rings were marked’ on the banks of 
Affreidg-cis,'a multitude from the sun’s 
rising, beneath the land of the first abode 
of our great fathers, poured in upon the 
Tand of our fathers that then lived, like 
unto a swarm of locusts, or clouds of 
burning sands, yea even as a torrent of 
mighty waters, that overwhelmeth all 
things. 
~ And the multitudes for numbers not 
to be counted, as the sands of the sea, 
as the stars of the heavens,—speaking 
with a thousand tongues diverse. one 
from another—fierce and cruel, came 
over our fathers. 

And many of the Gaal were made 
captives—and many lay in death, whose 
state was happier than that of his fellow. 

And Ard-fear, chief of the race, and all 
the lieads of the people who stood in the 
presence of the chief, dwelling round 
xbout the tents of Ard-fear, escaped 
from the edge of the sword of Eis Soir. 

And Ard-fear floated on the bosom of 
Blessed A ffreidg-cis, and the waters bare 
up his little skiff, till he lighted on the 
plain of Ard-mionu. 

And all that went forth from Magh- 
sean-ar dwelled in Ard-mionu, and Ard- 
fear ruled that land as aforetime—but in 
person. 

And the foemen of the east sheathed 
not the sword for one entire ring; and 
wlien ohe ring was complete there was 
peace. 

And Bis Soir made theecarth to groan 
for the weight which they laid on the 
places where theretofore had stood the 
tents of Ard-fear, and the heads of the 
Gaal. 

Did they not raise up dwellings dura- 
ble, and walls round about, and’a watch 
tower to Took over the Jand on every 
side? 

And multitudes of the Gaal flocked to 
the tents of Ard-fear in Ard-mionu, and 
they encreased exceedingly. 

And when Ard-fear had ruled for the 
course of one score and eleven rings in 
Ard mionu, then and there he died. 

And all the children of the land afore- 
time, and of the Gaal, gathered them- 
selves together, and they placed the bulk 
of Ard-fear in the boat, in which he was 


O’Connor’s Chronicles of Eri. 


borne from, Magh-sean-ar even unto 
Ard-mionw on the eterhiik the Blessed 
Affreidg-eis, 

And they set the Bon on the spot 
where it had'rested, when Ard-fear came 
therefrom unto the ‘lana, ibikds 

And they raised the boat charged. with 
the weight of the chief from the water, 
and it was conveyed on the shoulders of 
the nobles for the space of nine hundred 
paces, from the margin of the water; to- 
wards the sun’s going. 

And there was the boatin which Jay 
the form of Ard-fear set down, and there 
was his heap ‘raised—a memorial for 
ever. 

And all the people moaned. inwardly, 
and they pourcd forth lamentations loud- 
ly, invoking the spirit of Ard=fear, eal- 
ling him Naoi, the chosen of. Baal, for 
the preservation of the race-of Absaland 
the Gaal-Nasi, whom the streams) .of 
Blessed Afiveidg-cis did our in natty 
to Ard-mionu. 

CHAP. Vik—=BOLUSe) yp" 

Now Dalta, the first. born of; eee, 
was not chosen, Eolus was placed onithe 
seat of his father. 

And Eolus, before he was’ eliosess, 
whilst his father yet lived, had journeyed 
to Ib-er of our fathers, and to: the Jand.of 
Aoimag, to get knowledge; and his wish 
was to go cven unto Mag-sean-ar, the 
abode of our great fathers, but, the; diffe 
culties were greater than his desire, 

And Eolus tarricd one entirering, and 
one Ratha in Sgadan, where be. hath 
learned to set down all his thoughts in 
shapes and figures, for the eye of man, 

Tam that Eolus, the son of Enar, the 
son of Airt, of the race of Calma, from 
Ard-fear, who write down. these words, 
for the instruction of those that now be, 
and of those who are yet to come. 

To teach man to rule himself, that his 
reason may keep his passions in subjee- 
tion continually, to tell to the chiefs; and 
the heads of the Gaal, and to the Gaal 
of their race, the renowned of the.earth, 

And these words have I written, as 
they have been repeated: from mouth, to 
ear, from generation to.generation, and 
these times have J noted from the marks 
of the rings of Baal, and these words are 
true, according to the traditions of man 
as believed; but more correct are the 
times, being according to the revolutions 
of Baal, which cannot err, 

But J, Eolus, have not set down the 
words said by the Priests, to have been 
delivered ‘to the nine Priests by Baal, 
from the beginning, because my under- 
standing cannotgive entertainment there- 

unto; 


O'Connor’s Chronicles of Evi. 


junto; my senses admit not the belicf, 
that! Baai hath at any time held talk w ith 
one of the children of this earth. 

(Afore priests were, have we not beard 
of tlie words spoken by the fathers to 
their children, as'they listened. to: their 
voice, beneath the covering of the tents, 
each of his:dwelling, ere the congrega- 
tions’ were gathered together, round the 
habitations of the priests. 

"Phen did each father declare unto 
those descended from his loins, 

. Give praise’and thanks to Baal, the 
author of light and life. 

Shed not the blood of thy fellow, with- 
out just cause. 

"Pake not aught belonging unto ano- 
ther secretly. 

Keep falsehood from thy lips—false- 
hood perverts justice. 

Keep envy from iby heart—envy cor- 
rodes the spirit. 

Keep flattery from thy. tonguc—flat- 
tery blinds the judgment. 

Pay respect to thy father, conform 
thyself unto his will, be thoua sure prop 
to his old age. 

Love, honor, and cherish thy mother, 
Jet thy hand wait on her eye—tby foot 
mioye in obedience to her voice ; for the 
first pain that you causest to her, she was 
quit for the joy at thy coming forth, be- 
ware of bringing grief to thy mother’s 
heart, thethought will sting thy spirit in 
the time to come, j 
-  Contend not with thy brother—unity 
becometh brethren. 

Be loving and protecting unto thy 
sister. 

Cherish the widow, nourish the or- 

phan, deprived of his father, bis staff, ne- 
Wer more to hear‘a tender mother’s voice. 

Relieve tie poor, the needy, and dis- 
fressed ; be kind, and minister unto the 
Stranger far from the. dwelling of. his 
kindred. 

Be merciful to every living creature. 

‘Be watchful to keep thy passions in 
obedience to thy reason, in the first place ; 
thereby wilt thowavoid doing unto ano- 
ther, what thou wouldst not have ano- 
ther do unto: thee. 

' Preserve the glory of thy race, die, or 
five free. - 

What have these things to do with 
feeding fires, and Joking after portions 
of the land, 

And when Eolns bad ruled nine rings, 
he placed Dalta his brother iu his seat, 
and he did go to Sgadan, and he did 
abide there for one ring, and he did. make 
a covenant with Ramah, chief of the 
Jand of Aoimag. 

Montacy Mac. No. 370, 


649 


And Ramah did send Olam to abide 
amongst the Gaal in Gael-ag, and the 
teachers of Aoimag did give knowledge 
unto. the nobles, instructing them to hold 
talk one with another, from the land of 
Aoimag even unto Gael-ag. 

Moreover men of Aoi-mag taught the 
Gael to form ships, wherein to move on 
the face of the deep. 

And the Gael, do help the children of 
Feine; in the bowels of the carth, in the 
land of Hisfeine, for the children of Ib-er 
were cunning workmen in tbe land of 
their fathers, in searching for brass. 

And Eolus did sead nine of the sons 
of Ib-er, even the most wise of the chil- 
dren of the land, to make addition to the 
knowledge they had atoretime, 

And the meu did return at the set time 
of three rings, and Eolus called together 
the chiefs of the Gael, to the great con- 
gregation, and he spake unto them say- 
ing, 

“Man differeth nothing from the beast 
of the field, save in reason, but whereto 
serveth reason, if it receiveth not aright 
direction ? 

“ Hath man passions in common with 
all other animals, which oft consume 
him, reason instructed will controul 
them. 

“ Teachers are now amongst us—w bat 
if a portion of the land were assigned to 
each of the Olam in divers quarters, that 
they may live free from eare, save that 
of instructing the youth in the ways of 
knowledge.—Gael-ag bath hitherto con- 
tained too few of the wise men of the 
earth.” 

And it was so.— 

And the Olam had their portions, and 
they did chuse from amongst them one; 
Tarlat the son of Leir, to be Ard-olam, 

And 'Tarlat sware in the presence.of 


Abe congregation to guard) the writing, 


which Eolus did place within his hands, 
to set down words of the Gaal, to keep 
falsehood therefrom, and to preserve them 
during his days. 

Now..whem Eolus. had.ruled fur the 


course of eighteen rings, it came to pass 


that Ramah, chief of the children of he 
land of Aoismag died, and Amram his 
brother’s son took his.place, 

SESOSTRIS, 

Now it came to.pass what time Kocaid 
had ruled.seventeen rings, and cre one 
Ratha was complete, amighty host from 
the sun’s rising, rushed like a devouring 
fluod, sweeping all nations; people were 
as streams, and brooks and rivers, that 
swell the sea to overwhelm the earth. 

And the chief of all the nations was 

4N Sru, 


650 


Sru, and he spread his warriors: over all 
the plains of Hisfeine, and» the! Gach of 
Fisteine from Aoimag, andithe Pirgnheat, 
and the Gaal of Buas-ceand Algeirba 
galled onthe? name!‘of Hocaid, the vie- 
torious,’ ‘to lead ‘them .against dhe de- 
siroyer. © it 

But nought could prevail against Sra- 
amac s ére the nations of Bisfeine could 
gather themselves together, did Sru over- 
throw them, and with the remnant that 
he spared, did he swell his host. 

And Eocaid called round him all the 
chiefs and warriors of renown to coun- 
cil, and all were of one mind*to move 
forth of Gael-ag, to meet the foe. 

And when the host of Gael-ag were 
within the distance ‘of two days of the 
waters of the Duor, the priests did en- 
treat Eocaid to tarry one day at Samur, 
that the congregation may purify them- 
selves in the presence of Baal. 

‘And Eoeaid did listen unto the voice 
of 'the priests, and on the next day, as 
the! Warriots were in motion, did not 
those from the heads of the vale espy a 
‘cloud riszig from the earth towards the 
heaveri? And after a while the thousand 
thousands of the foemen appeared. 

And ‘the! “priests, did’ again implore 
Focaid 10 move back to Samur, and 
there to wait for the foe. 

When Eocaid heard the voice of the 
priests speaking the words, his anger 
was Kindled! against ‘them, and he said 
tinto me, Ordae, 

<“ Ordac, when’ thow shalt sct down 
the words of the priests to Eocaid, and 
the words of Kocaid:unto the priests, 
thou wilt'say, 

«(And thus answered Eocaid, the son 
of Bille;' chief of the Gaal of Sciot of 
Tb. or, wnto theopriests}:“L will not go 
backward, tho’ my face were. still to- 
wards the foeman‘as I moved. Is Baa 
only-in Samur?” 

And Moeaid« added smoreover,: ‘1 
thought! to "have: encumbered) Mag- 
doraid with ‘the weight, of those we sent 
not for, as it isyas it is, let the words run 
frony Eocaid thro’ the:host,! “ Warriovs 
make'treble the pace: of thy feet, and the 
sound of ‘thy! voice tell' Eocaid and Sru 
stand face to face’) oi) lo ino on 

nd it was so, i i TL 

And the battle'was fought in all the 
plains’ between: Saimur and: Duor; Ko- 
caid, and all: the chiefs, and alb the Gaal 
fought, destroying, ! like oa’ consuming 
fire; but'what availeth fire against: wa- 
ter? was not the: fire: of Ther extin- 
guished by the stormy waves of the mul- 
titudes of Sru-amac? 

1 


O'Connor's: Chronicles of Eri. 


\ Thousands of the Gaal lay on the earth, 
and Kocaid;: O woe ! thow fell intofthe 
arms df death on:that unhappy day; and 
three sons of Go-lam;and chiefs in heaps 
lay round the weight of Hocaidyni4 +s 

On that, day: Srwoverthrew I ber, and 
all the nations: of Hisfeine) ‘and :hectouk. 
away captive off the: youth,and-idrove 
away a huge prey of the cattlevuf the 
land. if #loidlo oil} orolorod T 

Now is Gael-ag aisdesertj(save of 
mourners. 9 Behold Saibj:the partner of 
Go-lam, lamenting ‘her shero\(the ‘most 
renowned warrior of ‘the’ race; sities! Or 
the son of Tat-foth):and three sons fallen 
in the battle. toby 

— widows bewailing their ‘elect- 
ed. 2 tzong dsl 

Behold matrons lamenting their chil- 
dren, and maidens the youths'of’ their 
promise, and the brethren of their fathers 
board. bY yi 

On that day, when Baal*lad ‘entered 
into the second chamber ‘of his’ howse 
Blath, did Eocaid fall) bat not petish ; 
his spirit will endure, bis name! will ‘live 
in the memory of the children of the land 
for ever, ; 

On that day was the pride of the tents 
of Gacl-ag abased ; when will their hedds 
be raised up, and their locks, bedecked 
with garlands, dance to’ the’ sportive 
music of the winds again? ne hast 

Ordac doth take the sun, and mos, 
and all the stars to witness; heawdulil 
rather have fallen, numbered! with “he 
dead, and he that Ard‘Olapy then had 
been, had set down?on the ‘chrunieles for 
the times to come, And Go-lam re- 
turned with victory from the battle?” 


, do logs 


NOTE. . a 


This prince of Gael-ag, whose proper 
name Was Eocaid; is in the tales of the 


bards knownsby the: name) of Go-lam, 


and is'also the Milesius of Latinity wri- 
ters of the L5thtenturies; fromowhom! we 
Trish are ignorantly and absurdly called 
Milesians; he reigned, as:you see; from 
1025.to 1008, beforeo the Christian ‘era, 
whew Sesostris;\:the: most! ancient-\and 
‘Egyptian Hercules’ moving througt Ly- 
bia, and ‘the maritime nations ‘of Afric, 
whom he overran, invaded Spainy which 
he'subdued, whereon he imposed tribute, 
wherein he introduced: idolatry,,and 
erected | colunins, called the: pillars of 
Hercules,; in Spain and Afric} to perpe- 
tuate tlie memory of his exploits:. The 
battle of Samur determined the fate of 
this people, und produced those events 
which will appear in:the sequel of these 
chronicles, 
EMIGRATION 


O'Connor's. Chronicles: of Evi. 


EMIGRATION OF THE @AAL® 'SCIOT) IBER, 
Asiothough Sra o bad) notssbrought 
enough) aflliction over: the) children: of 
dber; Baabnow grew;:tertibley his wrath 
was kindled; be sent bisfire through the 
Jand;1he|earth was scorched, tle ;bherbs 
Were> consumed; ianen and), cattle!) pe- 
rished-+nor rainy nor yet dew. come.on 
thle grounds) of) 3 
Therefore the chiefs: and all the bende 
ef theepeople,»and Olam, ‘and priests, 
and, Gaal, werd called, together: to the 
Breat> congregation of the speople at 
Asii-erseisy to hold talk of times passed, 
aud: to, think) on what was fitting to be 
done. 
) ‘Phe/sassembly: being together, the 
high priest standing in the presence of 
the king) said, »: 
jot Whatlif Baal be invoked 1o cease 
from, his wrath, and to look down with 
an eye of pity on the miseries of Gael- 
ag;) perhaps) ,the great Disposer will 
hear, aud grant our-supplications,” 
Whereupon Ith the son of Bille, the 
‘brother of Golam, the Prince of Breo- 
ceean, rose and said, ‘* Chiefs of Ib-er 
Gael of Sciot, Are we worthy of our 
s#ace, or \have.we declined. therefrom? 
when ,Lissoir, came: over our great fa- 
thers,),that they could not stand against 
ihefoe, did they not. quit the delightful 
land, watered, by. delicious ‘streams, 
_and,,move to. the hills:of Ard-mionn, 
isaying, the. lords of the earth that have 
been, will not be under tribute, are not 
ithe chilling. winds’ the barren hills of 
Ard-mionn, and liberty, preferable even 
to ihe; warm,sun—the rich plains of 
Sean-ar. calling man by the name of 
master, after the manner of Eis-sor? 
When Lonrac—what evil spirit of air 
breathed the foul thought im Lonrac’s 
mind?— When Lonrac spoke of tribute 
—tribute from, one to ‘another of the 
race—when’ Lonrac | spoke of «tribute, 
uuto File the son of Glas, since which 
day the'name of Lonrac hath not :been 
heard-butiin seorn, by the Gaeliof Sciot 
of Iber,-even uniosthis; when GLonrac 
spokeyunto Vile the son-of Glas of) dri- 
bute) what answer then: did |File' make? 
/Dheianswer that beeamea King 


Themen of Yer will no tribute pay; 
Phenld antag luther come, with high hand to take 
v0 


nih 


(The wayis far, and perhaps— 
Whien in the time of Bolus the wise, 
the son of Peine was fecling artfully his 
way on errand Of dike sort, liad not 
Holus the words of Tile repeated wito 
Peine’s' car? |) And now doth Sru, having 
darkcued the -air with voracious dlodks 


651 


of ravens, 'gorged with, the bload, year 
and with the/fiesh of the childvenjof the 
Jand;.;as is{said, -butjsot,as) seen, by 
Ordac,’ to write -Ahe* truth, their, bare 
bones! blanching jonsthe, surface of) the 
earth ‘unburied, send jhis servants. to 
take off a prey, calling it tribute, for a 
master, 

Can the. warriors, of .Lb-er stand. up 
against all/these?...So, Jet. us. stand, if 
not 

The priests do say, “ Ab, that Go-lam 
had listened to, our voice, and measured 
back his steps e’en to Sa-mur, then 
would) Baal. have crowned him. with 
victory, and conducted him in triumph 
tothe tents of Asti-er-cis.” 

And now Ard-Cruimtear saith, “ Let 
us invoke Baal,” 

Let all the priests of all the nations, 
of the earth stand om the marginjof the 
Door, and call-on Baal to suffer, the 
puny stream, to/;impress. great jocean, 
and force his mighty waves. a distance 
from the land, Would Baal, ehange— 
could Baal change—fixed Jaws for them? 

Oh that Go-lam had;not-attended,to 
the voice of the priests, and loitered.on 
his course, and tarried e’en that one day 
at Samur, then had our warriors/passed 
over the water, and met the foe forth of 
the land. 

Children of Ib-er, hear the words of 
Ith. 

What though the waters of the vast 
decp be terrible; is the ‘desolation of 
water, air, or earth,) yealof fire fitself) so 
frightful. to the Gael .of Sciot, as dhe 
afiliction of slavery? OW 

Baal himself can destroy but: onoe, so 
ceaseth anguisliof body and of, mind ; 
the spirit of the vietim then is freejas its 
kindred elements, pure: apes of air 
and fire. x” 

The body of: tlie captive: is wasted. in 
lingering torture, his form, is;bent,,and 
with his: distorted shape iis) is son} de- 
pressed slike untosthe overstrained bow, 
It-loses its force, itsiuse is atian,eni.. 

Oft:hath my:ship crossed the: world, of 
waters/do’ Breotan.: ‘“Upoiiactime,, re- 
turning for Gaclag,: after bearing! dhe 
complaintscof the Gaal, my vessel wis 
driven out of its caurse, towards; dhe 
sun’s going, till we reached; a; land. of 
wodds, ‘a rough Jand;\ the people fled 
frdm.oun ‘presence; thoughowe were but 
few; we drank of the: waters of that land. 

“Dhither would Tthyge;and he will sre- 
turnin dime to sheWwotke rthither way, to 
all who prefer dangers to slavery. 

» Pov himself, Mb,the' son of Bille, the 
brothe 


652 


brother of Eocaid Go-lam, will! cease to 
live, or he willdlivesfrees” to ebusd « 

Now when)! Baal: had» Hire two ‘dena 
in . the); first)ichambery of|? his ‘house 
"Tionnscnad;anth theswatchmen of «the 
ocean saw-three ships coming, towards 
the Jand,\all »Gaelsag flocked » to: the 
shore toomeet the! princes, 

And-as the:ships were moving within 
the/arms) ofsthe land, 4he air rung with 
the shouts’ of the Gaal. 

The anchor east, Liugad, >the; son of 
Ith, stood on the ground before: Marcad, 
1 Ordac:nigh\ unto, when Marcad did 
say unto’ Lugad, wherefore do. we not 
sce Ith? hath he tarried:after thee ?: how 
fareth Ith? 

Lugad did place his hands:upon his 
breast, his eyes bent on! the earth de- 
jectedly, then pointing to. the. vessel, 
whence he had come forth, he answered 
unto Marcad, “Ith is no more; my 
father that: was, falleth to pieces within 
the:chamber of the ship.” 

And: when all had: eaten; and were 
refreshed, andias the horns went round, 
Lugad | being seated on high, near unto 
the King, Maread said unto him, 

» “Let Lugad, if it be pleasing to him, 
relate the tale of Ith.” 

‘> Whereupon Lugad: stood up, and 
spoke-aloud, saying, 

“ Children of ‘Ib-er,’ Gaal. of Sciot, 
hear of Ith,:the son of Bille, the brother 
of 'Go-lam; 

“7th saw and felt: the affliction of 
Gael-ag;) Ith preferred dangers to tri- 
bute, death to'slavery ; did he not move 
on ‘the! surface of the vast deep, to a 
strange land, to prepare the way for the 
children! of the:Gaal, where they may 
live, their ears free from the sound of 
the voice of aamaster. 

And we passed along towards the 
fingers:of; Baal, till we'saw Breotan we 
kept-clearsof Scaoilead; into’ Casad-tir- 
aider we entered: into. | 

And on: the eigbthoday from the day 
whereon we did cease to see Dunmianac, 
we did:espy thelland we Jookeul for, and 
we didsteer withthe landvon tlie left of 
us, as we moved for four dayso and 
nights, thendid the waters of nis aenhags 
bear us’ to’ the shore. 

* And: Tthdideset thoethird of ouricom- 
pany to guard the ships, with the west 
did he adventuré: into! the) country) and 
thére are two distinct Gael :thereon, 
speaking with different tongues, «and we 
did come to know !that those whorare 
the mos}, Aré)servants! unto those! who 
are the Jeiist—moreoy er, that: the mas- 


O'Connor’s Chronicles of Bri. 


ters are) evil in theaminds of theiservatty 
—and the servants are‘inclineddowatds 
us+—they seemed insjoyationt coming, 
for theyre! im bondage. boow to ons! 
}oAnd> ith enquired) forthe ichiefjiaind 
after two: days): came sometto! conduct 
uS.to: his: presence\ | 2 off no aWwob 
And Dthealled for counsely. and fittwas 
said,— Why» igo farther;! have> wee not 
seen enough?let!usito out brethren; 
and» return vii them: ands! wine Ahe 
land. viotlt bobs 
But Ith saids0“ Nay; may itiaiotobe 
said we were ufivared)-bizep: Gobretarn 
to the ships, and if ave! domotusuceced, 
then Gol spced thou ‘to: Gaeka vaindbee! 
peat in Marcad’s car the words’ of Ith 
“* Let Marcad: lead theichildren of Ther 
hitherward, here faiseup-the tents oftlie 
Gael”’—but!'Gobentreated tov go" KH 
howbeit, he spoke inpvainy 098) Wo | 
And we passed along forvone! day wa- 
rily; and:we'spent the niglit cautiously. 
‘And on the: morrow. dthomade) Ahiose 
who conducted ‘us! to:'know,that'he 
would abide where he was} tilbthe come 
ing of the chief, and ‘for two tay only, 
and we tarried*there. | nt W Stns 
And on the second day half spengiwe 
espied a multitude:coming’ towardseus, 
and as they drew nigher unto asj24vé 
saw huge clubs in their|hands—io slings; 
nor bows had they, nor sharpoweapons 
for war—and we moved to mect then, 
notwithstanding theirnumbers} the'hen 
were fair to look upon; yea'veryifait.o! 
And oftentimes did: they mention the 
name of Dan-ba ‘and of) Dantan; ditd 
the masters did beat the'servants under 
their feet, in our pomitnnnas es them 
Cloden. Ly, ewe 
Long time had not prasield til ‘we saw 
bands gathering round about, atid some 
hasting betweem*ussand’ the Shipsi— 
When Itlosaid, “ Letthe backward wiy- 
be kepticlear,;awe be toofew/? 69 20 
Now the men of the land raiged'a 
Joud shout, ‘and flung stones ‘at us! with: 
ereat force, then) we. idid> ancdse our 
bows,vand draw Cran Pubail forth 
iy Ui re {raalowerevin’ streights,and we 
did ompve our. forees towards the mule. 
titude$! And) thus\ for! three days; when 
our brethren led by Gol, save nine (Jett 
withotlie! shipsy came toWwalids, ‘elearing 
the way,! felliitiothe combat; and: hay 
wheres they, fell: Moreover. Tth> my 
fatber fell} but’ not into! iheécarms ‘of: 
death on that day, and we spar ore ‘to 
bis shipa.) 
sAndiT Lugad did nod iritor my ship, 
Premained with my entlicny and not long, 
while 


S9qQ91 1 tsa 


O? Connor's Chronictes of Eri. 


while before he ceased, he did eal me 
to him, andvhe:saidy: efasy 

offilaet, Marcad lead they Gael- ti. the 
land of woods, .thebservants: willl) be 
helping unto them to-win the Jabdi, Let 
not |.Baal jin: his: next) day’s) rest} look 
down on the griefs of Iberim Gael-ag.” 

-And | these-were:the) last words of Ith 
the son of Bille; othe: brether of Go-lam 
the renowned, himself renowned:also. 
>And whén: duugad) had ymadean end, 
all repeated their oath to have venge- 
ance, for Ith’s; blood,’ and all besought 
Maread to speed their departure. 

») New) preparations are;made through 
Gael-ag, ands what :time Baal entered 
the! threshold -of the mansion of his 
blessed fire, behold on’ shipboard. the 
clann .of; Breo-ccean Gaal of ‘Sciot, of 
Iber, Nomades,,Ogeageis, the memorial 
of our race, of}\thosé who had escaped 
dhe eaptivity,of Sruj:and- the wrath of 

aal taking theirdeparturefrom Gacl-ag 
perhaps forever, having: sojourned here, 
four hundred;-and four ‘score and four 
rings precisely. 

_» (Baal, was favourable until: the host 
came within sight of the land of their 
vengeanee,| «Then | did) he send forth his 
messengers: of air;,and they brake the 
vessels, and; scattered) them, on. every 
side:, twelve ships did the servants of 
ihe, angerof» Baal bury beneath the 
wayes ofthe vast deep. 

9 Qn, that day was Colba overborne at 
the mouth-of,a river of the land. 

.4On. that, day, perished, Cier within the 
jaws of aniniet.of the sea at the extre- 
mity, of the, world of-land. 

_Howbeit..the, remainder of the host 
with difficulty reached the shore, with 

Maread;) Tolar, and. Blat, sons of the 
bero, and Lugad the son of Ith, and the 
children of Maread and Tolar, and Er 
son of. Cier, he| would abide with: the 
sons of Marcad, -bis);companions -in 
Gaelag. ; 
» And, Maread. bad, “Let three men 
abide, wit cach ship, and et) allsdhe 
women farry) with «them, whiles etheir 
brethren go to, take vengeance for Tith’s 
blood, and|wiu the land; and thencloth 
Was,spread to; take the lots of ties to 
glay behind. ruler 

/ When ally the men, audi tl: thie, Wo- 
men,oried, aloud, ‘ Let none Ke deft plet 
all die together; or all have glory of those 
who, shed, Ith’s; blood!” They mdnld 
not be iatreated, 

And the Gaal were abide td. 
gether, and dhe) men \of)the | land) as- 
sembled, moresin guinber than the Gaal, 
ove score for one. 


653: 


And they battle, endured not Jong, 
when bands of the servants passed over 
unto us, andthe masters fled. 

»And on the nextday the battle was 
renewed; andthe men of ithe land were 
overthrown: the clubs availed not; the 
servants stung the masters sorely: 

And on theethird day, theochiefs: of 
the’ land ‘did «send «messengers unto 
Marcad; and the messengers lradi their 
clubs behind them,:and boththeir arms 
on their breasts, token of peace. 

Now it happed that.men of the Gaal, 
in a ship of Feneid, on their way from 
Breotan: to Gaclag, driven from its 
course, was broken here eight: rings 
gone by; these did know the speech of 
the Danan. 

These did the Danan bring before 
Maread; and when their joy hadsabated 
in some sort, for seeing the face of their 
brethren, they did speak inthe ‘speech 
now of one, now of another; and‘ after 
this manner was ‘the coyenants\made 
sure between the chiefs of Iberj and/the 
chiefs of the land aforetimes® 002919 

And the chiefs of the land:said) <©Ye 
be mightier than we«through’ the: false- 
hood of Cloden, the Danan will:not’be 
in subjection nor yet under tribute: to 
thee. We will move to the) farside of 
the old river, and dwelk between» the 
waters thereof, and the: waves: of the 
vast sea. We will notpass overdo 
this side of the river to thy people, nor 
must thy people'passioveritowus. :More- 
over Clodenis in thy:hand; do unto-them 
as scemeth good ytoy thee; \if.ye deal 
kindly by them, sand oput thy: trust ip 
them, look to it: 

On that day, the: second day: fuse 
Baal had entered into the:second' cham. 
ber of his house Seth was: sithe conenarit 
made. 7 
And the Danan did ket af Fg begga 
stone. on (he spot;owhere. the; covenant 
was made; and I Ordachave set down 
words onthe chronicles) ofthe pad to 
remaim for ever. 24 

And) Marcad said,:\ Let this: ihibe he 
called «Mag: conan Em A and) alli said, 
sc nad ” fy F r 

oNow peace abideth. The. ‘Diavaniare 
in motion towards :the\:country: of the 
covenant.| Lingueat iaenl around (the 
Ganalail! diiw , 
bo The tents oft Marend arciraiseds up on 
Magmirtionnas andi the tents,of [ber 
stand about: the ‘tents! of the: chief; for 
Mareud saith, “f?Cwere well:that the 
Gaalrest together; till the Danan pass 
the waters.” 

Virgneat aye helping unto us in all 

things; 


mig 


654 


things; and the: Gaabeast on this land 
in the days of Golam—are: with their 
brethren. «video! Mizar 98 

And they do tell of: Cloden they kre 
Firgneat, Cegail, born’ ofthe elements 
ofthis land. 1 

And: the Danan did hitlier eome froin 
beneath! the fingers oof Baal, ten ‘score 
and dlcven’knots now passed); and they 
did! overbeat Firgneat;and hold them in 
bondage! with rigours: 

Neither did ever hear of Baal. 

Wow what: time we had svjourned 
three moons‘on: Magmortioumna, Marcad 
eatied to hime all the’ children of Iber; 
and the chiefs did hold talk inthe pre- 
sence of the Gaak; and lie did rise in 
the midst, and said, 

“Phe land: is now free for the foot of 
the’ children of Iber.’ What, if it were 
explored, none knoweth the limits there- 
of? After ‘what manner shall ‘we go 
fortlr? | Phe Danan ‘may prove false, 
Shall we: separate; or shall we move 'to- 
gether?! “Phin is our host by the power 
of Baal. 

49Sra “was: ibut> his’ messenger, as 
@rought and ‘pestilence ; Golam the re- 
nowned, though mighty, could not stand 
against the mightier Baal; thercfore is 
our host thin. 

**Colba is! bencath the waters of the 
déep unburied: 

“ Cier cai no'more hear the sound of 
Maread!s voice. “Ob, that he could! 
+Cier lieth under his ‘heap ; his death- 
song’ channted; “his' war-song raised. 
Who, Dat Baal, could overthrow Cicer 
the magnanimous? What availeth man 
against “thie Almighty.” > And Maread 
wept; and) atl the host lified ap their 
voice, and cried. After awhile, Maread 
said) *'4f Blat would speak.” 

‘And Blatvsaid; “What, if all move 
together?” 

‘And Marcad said; W hat saieth Tolar?” 

‘VWid-Totar said, “ What, if three parts 
be made of the Gaal, and that one part 
move nigh unto their brethren; keeping 
a course all to the same point?” 

The words of Tolar being goody pre: 
parations were made; and what!time 
Baal entered: the: threshold of ‘bis: house 
'Tirim, the congregation were in motion, 

And Marcad went out béfore =the 
host, with one third towards the ‘south; 
and Blat moved on therightiof\Marcad; 
and Tolar took his course on si right of 
Blat. ‘o 

And’ the Olam and’ the priests, the 
bards, and the minstrels, were! divided 
amongst the chiefs ; and the women and 


SDTV 4 nid od 


O'Connor's Chronicles: of » Eri. 


children «were with: their /@kum;) and 
Firgneat were: with:us;i conducting» the 
Gaal through: the passages of thedand. 
LoAadsEr the) son lof: Ciernwas invthe 
handiof Maread ;'yca; before the: sens of 
Marcad; as he went, \\the sstepyobithe 
wiirribr shortened. teleh to! the paceing 
of thelad: iitel It mo 92100 
Andrwe jpn /Marcadvhaving 
the waters of the great sea énhiselelt 
close’ by, untilpwe ‘met watervofriters 
unfordab!e; then. artifieers ofvihe: Gaul 
coustructed boats, for Maread edusedall 
the vessels to be ‘burnedkion! which ithe 
host were conveyed fiony Gaclag to this 
land. 10 06 a9oaal tse ter 
And thus did we proceed ,dilk wessaw 


from the summit/ofianountains, thelex> 


tremity of the World oflandbiswos 200m) 

Then we ebanged our course: déseénd- 
ing into the planes: beneath,’ tillo we 
reached © the streams) of othe! owaters) 
wherein perished Cier the magnayimons; 
and Maread would go; to look apon the 
heap, beneath which lieth the ‘brother! of 
his soul, that was, O grief!vand igo‘he 
did, taking with *him a ifews in his 
company. lifgim otld Jo 

And as we entered into that landy. did 
we not sce of Gaal ‘of /Iber) abiding 
thereon? we did bear them spear the 
tongue of the Gaal in'great partssand 
they did tell of strange things*confusedlys 
but they know not of Gaclag, nor /Ditn- 
mianac, nor much of aught: theseodid 
minister unto us, to the fulness OP their 
little means. it zonslg 

And we did stand upon “the extremity 
of the world of land; savethe small: (pore 
tion separated therefrom) whereon! is 
raised the heap of Cier, in’ the’ midst of 
the waters of the roaring sea, on Which 
the raging winds ‘did not suffer Marca 
now to pass. a 

Therefore “did ‘we raise our’ eyes to: 
ward, our hands" ‘outstretched; tears 
flowing frony the eyes of the° boy’ Br; 
yea} and of all; and’ Maread said, with 
faltering voice, OW ema Yt 

“ May the spirit of Cier, the ‘son of 
the her6, bé immortal! ‘and headded, 
moreover, * Tet this? Fiver “be €alled ‘the 
Fiverof Ther, for the times to come, in 
memory ‘of this son of es ihe glory ‘of 
the race.” oeo8 

And we retuned {o our brethren! sant 
they wold “go"also to see the heap =| 
Cier; ‘but Marcad stayed themio%! > 

“And ‘the host ‘moved: forward! till: als 
reached the waters of Seanamhan, be- 
yond which are the lands of the! Danan ; 4 
and we Kopt the river ou the loft of us; 

i nar 


O'Connor's. indole of Evi. 


nor departed Marcad therefrom, sae we 
reached the fountain thereof. », 

Then we moved: towards the: sun’s 
going, tillwei foached: upon ithe world 
of waters, and wesdid: bearsof aotrath, 
“ithe waves of the vast sea do wash the 
margin of ibe Jand, dhrougl all) the 
course from the going forth of the waters 
of Scanamhan, ta the ver y spot whervon 
yeistand” 

Phen wemoved northward ; the oeean 
on ‘oun|left very near, till our foot was 
Stayed by ocean’s self. 

»/ Phen! changing) our course towards 
ihe sun’s rising; the! waters of open sea 
or of salt lakes on our Iecft, we advanced 
tillour step. was arrested at the extreme 
of Jad egains then we; did- turn. our 
faces towards the strength of Baal. 

wAnd, as Baal was enterihg the thres- 
hold of the mansion of his blessed fire, 
the whole:host. did move into’ Magmor- 
tiomna, for: Marcad Jojtered, that we 
may:return, to the spot, whence we did 
take,our departure, at that set time. 
s\And \new \if;was manifest, that the 
lagd;was encompassed with the waters 
of the mighty sea on every side—an 
islands! ject 0 

ylfon pine days.after, the Gaal abided 
imireposes then, Marcad assembled the 
congregation, and he stoud up in the 
mist, /and,sais, | 

af When our “fathers eame from Tber 
antosa, strange. Jand, did they not give 
names to their dwellings, the hills and 
planes, the waters of the rivers; yea, the 
waves, of the sea itself; to preserve the 
memory of Abeir, for mer place, that the 
name. of, Er’shoald ne'er be Jost, whilst 
time/shall endure. 

“What, if this land, standing alone, 
an island, be called Eri for the times to 
come? 

. The Gaal of Sciot.of Iber, Nomadcs, 
Oigeageis, we are, and ever shall be, go 
where we will, fare.as we may, 

*\ For myself, 1 would, that these of 
my loins were called the race of Hers 
s0 long as) they eudcure,;,, 

»‘* Words have .passed; to my. ear, 

‘'Phis. Jand. is large, too. Jarge for)one 
chief;,the chiefs, did, choose.,.Marcad,,in 
the place,of his father to rnlein Gaelag, 
Gaelag is not Eri.’ These Wows are 
true.., 
“What,ithen, ifithe chiefs eek their 
free thoughts, concerning these things 5 
if any have taken, thonght,to, utterance 
—if not), What, if we forbear for, other 
nine, days, and.in, time; that passeth be, 
tween think, aod then, hold talk.” 

And it was so. 


655 


LAWS OF) ERI 

J Now! Baal badsentered the threshold 
of his house Iarsgith, freshly, 

/When Eocaid) sent! forth anessengers 
withJetters, saying, 

“ Let the kings, princes, and nebles 
ofothe Gaaloin Eri, and>chiefs of the 
Olam, aud heads of :the ‘people; «meet - 
Erimionn in the bigh:chamber of "Teac- 
mor, on Tobrad, what time the fires.shall 
be lighted on the summits of Ake plains 
of Eri. 

And now as Baal was moving into 
Fluicim, the fires blazing on the: sum- 
mits of the land, the glory of Evi shined 
on Tobrad. 

And all the heralds raised their voices 
aloud, and the gates of the high cham- 
ber of Teacmor opened, and. Erimonn, 
and the kings of Mumain and Gaelen, 
and the princes and nobles and the: chiefs 
of the Olam, and heads of the peaple of 
the nations of the Gaal of Eri entered. 

And the throne was set.in the middle 
of the chamber, one step higher than the 
floor thereof. 

Anda table stood on the floor beneath 
the throne, and the king of Miumain,, of 
the race of ber, took his. seat opposite 
to the table, on the right side wei 
throne. 

And the king of ;Gaelen, of the race 
of Tolar, took his seat opposite: to the 
table, his face towards the throne. 

And the seat of the king of Uilad of 
the race of Er, oppositeto theitable on 
the left side of the throne .was.empty. 
Did not the, king,of Ullad sit! on:the 
throne Erimionn ? Minstesii ow 

And the chief secretany, ‘of Bri ‘sat be- 
tween the throne, and :the, table, close 
thereunto: io bue 

And the. chief secretary! of } Mumain 
sat, between the king of Mumain and the 
table. veh 

And the chief secrctary of, Giiélens oe 
between (the ikingy of Gackt and ‘the 
table.. x13 io ol 

‘And-the chief. Sesdtech of ; Ullad. sat 
between the neat of the, nibs tiie and 
the;table.. ~ 

Andthe princes of, fs race of: ber, 
the first:barniof dhe bero,;/anidtheprinees 
of Tihy satvow the mahtoen left of the 
king of Maniain. sos it 

And the qirinees: of; theoracelif Tolar, 
shton!the dacaealsinss deft of, the ‘King of 
Gaelen. oul) co ito 

And the Hide of the race of Er sat 
om the sight atid theft of the seat of the 
kingyof UHad. oiyyieuiy 

Andithenoblés sat bohind the princes 
of the nation, to which they belonged. 

And 


‘656 
And the Olam, and the beads of the 

people, sat behind the nobles. of their 

lands. { 

And on the table inthe midst) were 
the rolls of other times closed, and the 
writings of Eolus, and the chronicles of 
the Gaal. 

And rolls open to receive the words 
of the days’ as they pass, for thie eye of 
the children of the land that are to 
come. 

And as Erimionn rose from the throne, 
and was about to speak, an uproar was 
raised about Teacmor, and it was told 
within, that men armed stood on 'Tobrad. 

And Eocaid loosed the girdle, and 
opened the clasp of his mantle, and he 
said, 

“ Whlien the laws of Eriare the theme, 
let the sword remain in his scabbard, 
the bow in his case, and Cran Tubail be 
hung up in the tents of the Gaal. 

*“ Reason is the parent of Justice ; 
Justice is the handmaid of the laws ; 
arms are instruments of the passions of 
man. 

“Behold Erimionn beareth not the 
sword in the habitation of the laws. 

“ Heralds, say without— 

‘Let those who are armed depart 
every man to bis tent; and those who 
stand on Tobrad abide in peace.” 

And it was so. 

And Erimionn rose again, and he said, 

“ Pour rings haye been completed 
since Eocaid the son of Fiaca hath been 
chosen to sit on the seat of the chief tn 
Ullad ; since which time the kings, the 
princes of the race, and chiefs of the 
Gaal, have placed bim even here, the 
tie and knot of the cincture that is to 
bind together the affections of all the 
children of the land ; 

“Phat he may do. somewhat to jus- 
tify their thoughts of bim, he bath la- 
boured without ceasing to give the laws 
a form, and strength moreover to protect 
the children of Eri from violence and 
oppression. 5; 

** Itis known unto you, that the Cra- 
imtear have: feigned nine laws*from 
Baal, ne 

“The foundation laid in deceit, “the 
work hath been ‘raiscd by imposture, and 
propped up by ignorance on: this side, 
and by fear on that:sidethereof. - 

“ When I haveinquired of the priests 
that now be, for the ground of the fancy 
of some, of the artifice of others, the an- 
swer of one and of all hath hkeen— 

“ ‘The many of the race are poor, they 
are ignorant, their ways are perverse ; 
they have the desire of all men, to live 


O'Connor's Chronicles of Eri. 


at ease, and. passions exciting them fo 
avarice; yea,’ and to the possession of 
power. Aisiog 

. © Ifthey: be not. controlled: by laws 
other than the work of their fellow man; 
those who haye.ricbes.and dominion will 
hold both doubtfully. Where ignoratice 
prevaileth, fear alone*inspixeth awecand 
respect. i ‘ tele Hes 

* Will the kings, and princes, andno= 
bles, surrender their flocks,-and lierds, 
and masterdom, to the multitude? «>» 

“ Ts it not wiser and better far, that 
the king reverence the. priests? so may 
the servants of Baal keep the minds of 
the Gaal in obedience tothe king. — 

“ Then will the king enjoy in peare 
his large authority, and. the. priest: bis 
small portion of the land... N) fanepd 

“ Such and. such like hath been the 
saying of the priests. 10 ABE 

“* When I. have: inquired, of them, 
What if the pains taken by the pricsts to 
make men ignorant, and to keep. their 
minds in the ways of falsehood, were be- 
stowed by the Olam to instruct them in. 
the lessons of wisdom, in the wordsof} 


truth ? iseanhsd 
“ Still hath the answer of the: pricsts 
been-— iy dayonds 


“ Let the Olam speak untothe poor; 
and all their lessons of knowledge and 
of wisdom will but create in theivniinds 
a hunger for riches, a thirst for dom inion, 
not to be allayed nor quenched till satis- 
fied in both. wily Ri 

“So saith the Cruimtear; neverthe- 
less my opinion differeth from the fancy 
or the artifice of the priest: 

“Therefore, 

“ What if five. of the laws of the olden 
time only be retained to stand on the 
roll, at the head of the laws of Eri, nat 
deceitfully, ascommands from Baal, ac- 
cording to the words of the priests, but 
openly, laws of the land, by consent of 
all the children thereof? 

“ Baal spake notto Astor, 4, 

“ Itis the voice of Reason that erieth 
aloud, if 

« Let not man slay his fellow. > 4 

“ Baal spake not to Lamas, 

“ Tt is Justice that directeth, 

“ Let not man take of the belonging 
of anotlier privately. SH 

“« Baal held not converse with Soth. 

“ Ttis the spirit of Truth that saith,. 

“ Tet not the lips utter what the 
mind Knoweth to be false. Bist 

* Baal opened not his mouth to Al. 

“ Tt is the geiitle voice of tender Pity 
that whispereth, 

“ Man, be merciful. 49 
“ Baal 


0’ Connor’s Chronicles of Eri. 


*¢ Baal talked not with Sear. 

“Tt is the tongue of Wisdom that 
teacheth, 

Let man do even as he would be 
' donesby. 

“- What-if these five laws stand laws 
of Eiri?” 

‘Andvall said, “* Yea.” 

And Erimionn raised his voice, and 
said) 

«When we were together aforetime, 
I did say unto the assembly then— 

“The desire of the mind of Eocaid is 
towards peace, and the laws of peace 
continually: 

“True; we have laws from our fathers, 
the work of the chiefs; therefore they 
restrain not their passions, no punish- 
ment following their transgressions. 

** Fences there are round about the 
Gaal on every side; the Gaal respect 
them through fear, nothing from love. 

‘©Moreover, the words of the laws 
from the mouths of our great fathers to 
the! ears of our fathers, and so to us, are 
loosed and made fast, as the justicer 
pleaseth, without the consent of the 
Cluastig. 

Whilst the words are guarded as 
though they were the property of the 
judge, and by whom set forth no one 
ean render account. 

‘“'Pherefore, that the laws should be 
made/sure to curb violence, and to pu- 
nish the doer of wrong, be he chief, be 
he of the Gaal, and that the justicers 
also be brought within the rale of num- 
ber and authority; 

«What if the number of the justicers 
in each of the nations of the Gaal in 
Eri be twice nine justicers; one in the 
land of each Tanaisteas, and one chief 
judge to abide nigh unto the king in 
each of the nations, and ene other jus- 
ticer moreoyer to sit nigh unto this 
‘Teacmor?” 

And all said, “ Yea.” 

And Erimionn said, 

‘It is known unto. us, that. hereto- 
fore the justicers have taken on them to 
hear and to determine, the Cluastig not 
called ; 

“ What if the justicer be silent; till 
the Cluastig say aloud, yea, or nay; and 
if nine Cluastig be present, they do.all 
say yea, or they do all say nay. 

* And if twice nine, or more, do stand 
round about the seat of the justicer, the 
thing inquired of shall be as the greater 
number shall say. 

“And the justicer open not his Jips 
tilk the hands be counted; then the 

Montury Maa, No, 370, 


657 


jasticer shall spread out the roll of the 
laws, and he shall say alond, in the 
hearing of all the Cluastig, and of him 
complained against, the words thereon.” 

‘And all said, “ yea.” 

And Erimionn said, 

“Tfthe Cluastig say, the man did slay 
his fellow with evil mind, 

“What if the jadge read aloud, 

‘Let the'slayer of man be swept alive 
out of sight into the bowels of the earth, 
no trace of him remaining.” 

And all said, “yea.” 

And Erimionn said, 

“Tf one bath declared other than the 
truth before the justicer and the Clu- 
astig, and the falsehood be made 
manifest. 

“ Let ihe false one suffer in like sort, 
as by his words another had been trou- 
bled; and so in all cases whatsoever.” 

And all said, “ yea.” 

And Erimionn said, 

“If one taketh by stealth Sug of | 
another, and the taking be proved, 

“Let the evil-doer restore two-fold, 
and be put to shame in the sight of the 
children of the land; and if the trans- 
gressor cannot restore, the clan make 
good the loss, and the evil-doer bear his , 
own shame.” 

And all said, “yea.” 

And Eocaid, still standing, raised his 
voice, and said, : 

“What if words be set down on the 
roll of the laws? 

“ Let not the Gaal of Sciot of Iber go 
forth of Eri to waste the Jands of others: . 
and should the Gaal of strange nations. 
enter the land of the children of Iber to 
vex them, Ict the warriors be of. one 
mind, and as one arm, to drive the 
foreigner into the sea, or give. them 
graves in Eri, unless they become 
subjected.” 

And all shouted “ Eri,” nine times, 

And Erimionn said, 

“ Ericis the birtb- right of all the chil- 
dren of the land; the king hath his por- 
tion, the prince, the nobles; each hath 
his portion thereof; the Olam, the priests, 
the bards, and the minstrels, have their 
portions. 

“© And. the Gaal by their che have 
their portions thereof. 

“« rom the earth man deriveth suste- 
nance whereby to live. Hath any in- 
creased his store of cattle, or of stuff, or 
of arms? Let his words as to these, 
and these like, stand; of bis portion. of 
the Jand none can have dominion longer 
than he doth abide thereon, the children 

40 of 


658 


of his loins, and the mother of the chil- 
dren shall dwell thereon, dill partition | 
made; then let not the woman who bore, ~ 


nor the damsels who are to bring forth,. 


be forgotten; are not all the race born 
of woman? 

“« Sons of Eri, honour and respect thy 
father. 

“ Love, honour, and respect, and ten- 
derly cherish all the days of thy life the 
mother who bore, and suckled, and 
reared thee up. Let thy hands minister 
unto her in all her necessities ; let, thy 
eye never Jook-upon thy mother but in 
thanks and gentleness. 

*« Sons of Eri, 

* Let the strength of thy arms pro- 
tect the weakness of the daughters of 
the land. 

“ “What if Eri lay under the rules of 
Tainistact, as aforetime?”’ 

nd it was so. 

And Erimionn said, 

“« What if words be set down as laws 
of. the Gaal in Eri, according to. your 
will now. expressed ?”” 

‘And all said, “‘ Yea.” 

And the chief secretary of Eri read 
aloud, 

“ © man, shed not the blood of thy 
kind maliciously. 

“ Take not thou aught belonging to 
another, coverily. 

“ Let not thy lips speak falsely to the 
injury of another, 

‘“ Have mercy on every living being ; 
be merciful. 

* Do thou unto others as you would 
wish: others would do unto thee. This 
is just and proper. 

“© Shall one kill another treacherously, 
let him: be dragged’ on the ground and 


O'Connor's Chronicles of Eri. 


cast beneath ie surface of the earth 
without memorial 

“4e Shall one. take privately the pro- 
perty of another, let him pay Erie twice 
the value of the thing taken, and set 
apart. Is he not able.to pay, hath he 
Gikedniled from the land of s dwelling, 
let the family pay, but let the transgres- 
sor bear his own shame. 

“Shall one have spoken falsely of 
another, let the false one suffer in the 
like manner as he designed against the 
other, and let the Jike he obesterskiny all 
cases for ever. 

“ Let not. the Gaal of Sciot lof, Lber 
go forth-of Eri to trouble,another Jand, 
and if another race shall :enter:the land 
of the children of They, ‘to’ oppress them 
without eause, let the warriors. be! of one 
mind, and as one arm to drive them into 
the sca, or give them graves in Eri, un- 
less they become subjected, | 

“ Lei the custom of ‘Tainistact abide.” 

And it was right and good. . 

And. the assembly te forth, “and the 
doors of the. high chamber, were closed. 

And Eocaid suffered.notany,one, to 
depart whilst Baal abided-in cui. aking 
Fluicim. 

The song and the harp; nab aah, 
and tales of other times, and sports 
ceased not. 

And after one moon all took their’ ‘de- 
parture from Tobrad, save Ardriy he 
dwelleth thereon. 


*.* We have been enabled, with the con- 
sent of Mr.O’Connor, to give placeto the 
fac-simile of the Laws, as given in the 
work itself ; and we trust ats) value. will 
justify the expence, and gratify ourrea- 
ders. 


END OF THE FIFTY-THIRD VOLUME, 


PLATE +Facssimipeior THE Laws or Erttoiface page 646. 


.- a Prom = : 


= § DEC 1949 


aS 


ODF 
19 Dif 
sf te 
tiloz 
MiliS 9 


e9Tro2 
1TQZ20 SY 


pe GENERAL, INDEX 


FIeTY-2oIRD..VOLUME. 


FIRST SIX MONTHS OF 1822. 


> Viselsi 
oii of 


pt fons 


ig “BSENTEES, Irish, observations 


on 


eo i ee i ae ae 


Addison} description! of Bilton-hall, 
uc! the'residence-of 
Aerolite, account of ani-+-++---+++* 157 


ee fo ead 


AFFAIRS, POLITICAL, 77, 174,265, 463, 
560 


Africa, ME. Walckenaer’s synopsis of 
geographical researches, respecting 
_the INteViON Of sc cescccccssecss 
——, on Birchell’s travels into the 
interior OF ie PTE. 
J 6 'the horrors Of the slave- 
fradé, Carried OW ile. see. see sees B55 
‘Agticulturists; on the selfishness of -- 77 
+--+), recommendations for 
restoring enjoyments t0......+6.. 78 
AGRICULTURAL MonTaiy Report, 
73, 171, 262, 564, 462, 559 
—_ Society, the Bath and 
op Wells, meeting of -++ers++s+-+-. 95 
————-. distresses, investiga- 
~ tion of the causesof -++++++e+ee. 97 
———_———_. and commercial em- 
barrassments, observations on +--+ 
Air, Abbe Félice Fontana’s discove- 
‘ries rélative to the absorption of »- 426 
Akarkouff, tuin Of... sce. ceeees 594 
Albanian: Christians, historical anec- 
~ dotes of the «+ sere cere. cer cteces 
Alcoran, the Mussulman’s regard for 
theeeccc.-.-ccceccnes 
Alliance, the holy, observations on - - 
Alum, defence of the use of, by bakers 
Amazons, on the existence of the---- 528 
America, South, public affairs of, 81, 270, 
565 
465 
513 
233 
322 


ebiO 


98 


eeeeerroaes 


—— North, public affairs of------ 
, on the climate of «+++ 
on German emigration to .. 
on prison discipline in ++++++ 
American colonies, letter written in 

1765, on the right of taxing -+«=*% 
poets, specimens of the 

works of contemporaryeees «eres 
Ancients, observations on they. «+. 
Anglo Saxon, on the study of 
LAPE ITALIANA- eer e eee e eens 116, 393 
Apple-trees, on the management of, 15, 225 
Arabs, observations on the seeee 835 
, dresses of the 597 
Arabia, vorthern desert of, Mr. Root- 

sey’s communication of Captain 

Rayne’s rout across the +++++-+5.- 


“B25 


313 
204 


ee 


119 


519 
‘Absurdities, Custom-house, account of 330 


+ 144 


—=——- 


Arabic, verses from the-+.. ss. 40.6 924 
Armagh, biographical sketch of Dr, 
William Stuart, archbishop of --++ 469 
Arta, in Epirns, affecting particulars 
of the plague at, in 1816.) -«+res-- 288 
Articulation, observations on ...... 412 
Asparagus, Mr. Ross’s method of fore- 
HDL o's 0.0m 1s meieini oo om wig win aye aiawe 537 
Asbury Mr. his plan for exterminat- 
ing the natural small-pox, and esta- 
blishing the efficacy of the cow- 
pox 
Association, Constitutional, observa- 
tions On the s..e eevee ee eb ees 06 436 
* Auld Robin Gray,” the author of, |’ 
determined --+se0..s-eesscheens 492 
Aurora borealis, description of a pie- 
turesque Ce ee ee 
Babel, ruins of the tower of «+++++0» 
Babylon, description of the ruins of,, 596 
, country surrounding...... 598 
, description of bricks of ... 601 
Bacon Lord, view and account of his 
residence at Gorhambury -+«%+.+. 385 
Bagdad, description of «+++ .s 4...) 590 
» bazaar at’? 62 Yee AR il 
, introduction to the pasha of 9.9591 
» Climate of «6. os) vies 592 
» CUSTOMS IN» + ¢* siesis Bese eee 593 
Bakers, defence of the use of alum by,110 
Bakewell, Mr. T. on. prevention, of 
explosions in coal mines... «») <». 115 
Bala-lake, description of ...... 114, 207 
Ballad old, beauties of the, with ex- 
amples »-+e-sscecccceecrecveeers 191 
BANKRUPTS, LIST OF, 75, 172, 263, 362, 
461, 558 
Bank-notes, on the prevention of imi- 
tation of 
3ark larch, Mr. Enort Smith on -->. 
Barlow Mr. his observations on chro- 
nometers +-.-- 
Barometer, Mr. Tatem on the mini- 
munrof the, at different periods .. 
, simple substitute for a.... 
Bartley, Mr. his remarks on choke 
damp.and tire damp + 4-0. ..ee 
Basque roads, description of........ 
Bastille, account of documents found 
in the, with translations of them, 
and anecdotes 
Bateman, Lord, his character and phi- 
lanthropy 
Battersea, account of Lord Bolen- 
broke’s house at ..,- 


415 


159 
610 


oe@eree 


295 
S17 


pe rrcccesecreccves Q4D 
123 
303 


500 
396 


386 


140 


97 
Be- 


ee ee ee ee ed 


INDEX, 


Be-Sitoon, Persia, rocky platform of 586, 
Beadon, Dr. R. bisliop of Bath’ and ” 
Wells, biographical hotice of...... 469. 
Bedford. ‘and! Buckitighany, ‘anel be-" 
tween the Dukes! Of? %e.see veces 466 
jeounty meeting’ of, for par- 
liamentary reformn’ ea teedeegers S79 
Bells; @bservations oni +s eee 528 
Bentham, Mr. his address to the Por- 
tuguese’ COrteSic Hecate dese tdeeee 80 
, on his code for univer- 
sal, civil/and political freedom.... 447 
Bewick, Mr. his observations on the 
prevention of forgery «++++++.+.+- 293 
Bilton-hall, the residence of Addison, 
description of - oy sr ital 
BiOGRAPHY, MODERN ++ee-+sese+-- 519 
Birs Nimrood, description of the.... 599 
Bizio, M. his observations on sag co- 
louring matter of coffee. ..-.-+.++ 951 
Blood-letting, moderate, on the power 
of, in exciting the’ ee ei a 73 
Bloomfield, Robert, his May-day wit 
the Muses, reviewed etecvas epeves 420 
Boilers and’ coppers, steam-engine, on 
consuining the smoke from ‘the far- 
maeds HF LOTTIE OF weseecee DS 
Bombay, proccédings of the Literary 
OCICLY. BL. oa galsveicte%e, ov sinie es pieienwa, (147 
Bonaparte, Napoleon, his character, 
surretider {o the Bellerophon, and 
exile to St: Helena ++-+-+++.-++ 46, 97 
————, on the manner or cause of 
his death Ratboeocctste secavestae ID, 
» on his enjoyments and re- 4 
se veseeeeessaeoeresseeee ji), 
, his last illness.. .-.see.ee- . 47 
» lis “opmious on attempts 
made by his friends for his return to 
Europe «+ wsteferee eh eeceescsereses Ib, 
his last nroments, ++++--++ ib, 
* his Characteres-s+eeeseee 48 
amiable conduct of Capt. 
“Popbhetenth seer cceeesives eeee ib, 
, on the manuscript “ Venu 
de aaa ‘Hélene,” and his opinion 
of Hsin eR Wis 
+, wh the Variety of public opi- 


verses 


Pei Sect ceseccsess ID, 


a 


“Dion on his death--+-seeser-+-- ib, 
—, his observations on the Em- 
press'Resent Se ee ce pereties 49 


his observations ‘on the. 
French soldiery see eee eee ib, 
+—, his observations ,on_ the 
‘ five” ingrates to him, and on his 
TEVETSES+ ose eee ene ees ee eee 50. 
oétic lines’ by, on his son. ib. 
m vanecdote oft forbeatane na 
to resent personal injuries ++ +++». 
5 his last festaniént ©... ia. 


~, on his prosecution of Ma- 


dame dé Stael -...- miatiesiy's essese 


Maeiisations! eveated in Paris. 
by his return from Elba-+++++ 9+ 162 
) description vf his Person + - 398 
, on his’ Letter to the Prince _ 
Regent 


ott Wiieesees are eeeoee 3599 


, place of his interment .-..° 53, 


Bonapar te, Napoleon,, +his, plan,of es-()! 


cape from the Rochefort. squadron; 400 


Bolenbroke,. Lard, deseniption; of dais: cis! 


House at Battersea sront te te 97-5, 398) 
———.,, the., true chanacter, ofy)ij2 
with str ictures on Archdeacon Coxe, 407 
, additional remarks Onor4)= 15052 
Books, on the circulation, of ++ »¢:e 951392 
Boring, method of obtaining water-bys452 
Boswell, Sir, Alexander, bart. duel. ber ini 
tween, and Mr. James. Stuart, of) 
Duncarn ers pee nee ene rage) OOD 
Bourlions, on.the unpopularity of the 527 
Brazil, Baron, Langsdorf’s obseryano:!D 
tions on- ee eee esa we nyanpratranen OAD 
Bremen, custom concerning interment )51i 
AA meme ble yaa AGB 


AL coesncrernarcnns 


Briefs, church, impositions and .inuti, 


lity of, exposed sees ameyae pase 306) 
Brutus, lines on an unfinished bust-of,- 
at Florence vtley stet) $791" dD 
Bryant Mr. American poet, ; his;cha- 
racter 
Bullion, observations Ons «+49 -:-e00% # 198) 
Bunyon, John, misyepresentations, ia. 
Reid’s Anecdotes of, 5 -1n74+ 90% 200 
Burchell, Mr. on his eA into. the, 
interior Of Africas: 9% 45+ 420+ any 253) 
Burke Mr. his motto,to, a publication 140. 
» and the Whigs remarks on; 616) 
Burns, statue erected to, at Edinburgh 479 
Byng, Adm. account of the death of+ 1.613) 
Byron Lord, his Sardanapalus,. a. tra-yo. 
gedy, reviewed cee cecveecaeceseos 10. 
, his Two Foscari, a.tragedys {oe 
IE RSs © 0 or9 fae an weed -proacole *se td Dos 
, his Mystery of Cain, re-{cd 
viewed. «++ +++». 
Cain, Mystery of, a drama, Lord By-10h 
ron’s, review Of ++ +9 ¢*09-))-+++ 10 


Cee eee el 8 8 Oa densa $15 


cee meseendecess ib. 


Cambridge, strictures on education.at_308.. 


» county meeting of, on the 4; 


agricultural distress ¢°;+:5.5 284,380. 


Campbell Dr. Letter of, to, Lord, Car3,; 
GLOSS 0.2 veces s cme 00 9 ececed C0 ae O25. 

Calais, history. Of occceccvevevecssns 45 

Carey, George Saville, account of _»»426 


Carlos, San, view ofa church at) -++-.106.. 


—— dwelling house....1b. 
Canada, Lowery view, of the politics, 
interests, and state of parties in «| ..493 
Carriages, on, propelling, by steam. 56 
Cartwright, Major, characteristic res. 


warks OD, sot da nasi oss? aed ooe 


Castor oil, on, the adyantages of, ap- 
plied exte rnally, in complaints of 
/ ‘children Pttain lt enee ee rerenee swe -556 
Cater pillar,.. gooseberry, account of. 
athe, and means, for, preventing its 
: Favages - Daeseenenser tec eers +403, 505 
Catullus, character of, as poet +-»+9+ +29 
Champion, on the poetical recreations - 
| Of the, 6 seg Ant tte ware see 139 
Chatham, Lord, on Glovei’s enlogium:. 
on SAAR pecan beens re eres cine ene 615 
CHEMISTRY AND EXPERIMENTAL) 
Pu IL QROBHK, REPORT, OF, 62; 158, 
iif 250, 359, 459 
Children, 


INDEX. 


Children, ‘on the consequerices of too 


early instruction Ofs +6. v e+e eee O64 | 


‘Commenrciat MonTuHEY | sardines 


755/171; 2635 361;460, 557 


Chinaj‘on ‘the conrts Of justice in++-- 218 | Constantinople and the Bosphorus, on 


Chinesé, on attempts made by an in- 
stitution ii ‘Ttaly, for’ conversion of 
\ithe} to Christianity «#0. s7's's se eeee 

Choke damp, Mr: Bartley on +.ee.. 

Cholera’ and ‘diarrhea, senda re- 
marks ‘on’ We BUSES 

Christians} 'the first, their use of sacred 
Grama Feld. SP ewe. roe ecere 

CifronoLouy OF THE MONTH, “81, 

7271, 370, 466, 

Chronewtetés, Mr. Barlow on «+--+. 

Girele, on the quadrature of the ---- 

Circulativg inedinm, observations on 

Cler kenwell, improved system of poor 
management in’ 

Clive, Lord, ‘on the accusation of, and 
results! 2/2 feweesseeeteosseseessye 

Club, Kit Cat, ‘observations on--++-- 

, constitutional; formation of a, in 
Somersetshire’:522+ssscccscecees 589 

‘Clubs, books, and societies, plans of ++ 

Coal-minés, prevention of explosions in 

Coffee, M. Bizio on the colouring mat- 
ter OR UM GOTER AL Be. Se wisieliate 

Colman, letter of Garrick to------ ++ 329 

Ay ‘letter of, to Macklin 

Colonies, observations on the policy 
with revard to the <s-sessscceeee 

Columbia, narrative of a recent jour- 
MEY HS +S owsleleeelsies vee eee see, 

» account of a Lancasterian 

school at Capacho, im -+ecsees-+20 82 

; description of San Christo- 


wereoens 


Ce a 


bal; in see te eeesccesces 
; description of the Zumba- 
dor; Mie DID. aE Foidveesesace.s iD. 
, description of La Grita, in ib. 


—20E tes} description of Bayladores, 


in 91) A . aes, 
——-, description of a curious 

bridge-on the river Chamain . ib. 
——, of San Juan, in ° ib. 


——— ; manner of obtaining salt i in 4 
, description of Merida, in . 
——, description of Mucuchies, in 
ie cacpenanlauineneearonctt! 
» description of the Cordil- 
lefa, in 5 
—j description of Truxillo; in 
—_—-,, description of Carache, in 6 
—— -, description of ‘Tocuyo, in 
——, “description of Batquiese- 

meto, in . 
, description of Valencia’ 
, address of he congress’ af 
ypresent state of ©. ‘ 
Common ‘Sense, observations’ of, on 

the causes of the BE PTS dis- 

tresses 


, new system of poor laws 
proposed by © 2 289 
, golden rules by, for young 
tradesmen - 516 
Commerce, on the means of. extending 
ond to Tartary and Siberia ° 


24 


532 
143 


Von Hamner’s description of 2 
Conqueror, definition, of, by,.Fenelon 
Constitution, English, and govern- 

ment, Andrew Maryel’sobservations: | 

on font ’ ‘ 2143 
Copland, J. M.D. his description of 

the tree Kebyrbor . + 147. 
Cortes of Portugal, address of Nir, 

Bentham to the > 
Cow-pox, Mr. Asbury’s plan of, esta- 

blishing the efficacy of .. 2 ALS 
CORRESPONDENTS, NOTICES TO, 96, 

192, 288, 384, 576 
Cossack, on the name of 2 426 
Cowper, his residence at Weston © . 290 
Coxe, Archdeacon, strictures on. his 

Life of Walpole = + 407 
Cuvier, M. his observations on the 

heights of the chain of Himalaya .. 144 
Customs, ancient, obseryations on +). 

, indian, observationson  ..138) 
CRITICISM, CONTEMPORARY, .PHI- 

LOSOPHY OF, 20, 127, 201, 320,411, 499 

Creditors, alg, who and what are 


80 


thee - 499 
Croton oil, on the utility ae. «59S 
Crucibles, Mr. Charles Cameron.on a, , 

new method of forming. «63 
Croup, remarks on the . _« 358 


Dabney, Mr. American poet, charac- 


ter of . 315 
Damer, Daniel, characteristic ses 
marks on »140 


Dancing snakes of India, acconnt of 526 
Davy, Sir Humphrey, his mode of re+ 


storing colour toancient MSS... 57 
pe — » on magnetic 
electricity ° » 242 


» Mr. Edmund, his experiments 
for detecting frauds in skimmed milk, 62 


DEATHS, 83, 179, 273, 372, 467, 567 
Debt, public, observations on the , # 99 
Delft, blowing up ofa vessel with gun-; ;, 
powder, and consequences, on the 
canal of p 6 i b2d 
Dionysius, ear of, at Syracuse OE 
Disaster, an extraordinary, occasien-...., 
ed by a whale F aah... 
Diversions and games, on ancient Pos, 
pular . 500 
DivivEnns, List GF, 76, 175, 265,.563, 
462,599 
Documents found inthe Bastille, ac-__ 
count of, with translations of them, _ 
and anecdotes ’ «386 
Dolgelly, entertainments, at, at assize 
time - 113 


Drama AND ‘NEw Music, 71, 168, 259, 


] 349, 457, 546 
Duelling, on the discordant ‘aegen 
respecting 
Dung, on the application of, to wheat 
crops + 141 
Dutens, Rev. Louis, ill- natured cha- 
racter of ° ° 


- 528 


INDEX 


Ear, on the diseases ofthe ©) 1) £0342 
Eastburn, Mr. Sesnacrvan poet, charac 
ter of oil) a sy19ago .19A "292805 
ECCLEStASTICAL silkepeiaees 865" 182, } 
11 9980,/974/470 
Eclipse, history, of the celebrated race’: 
horse 1304 
Economy; \ruraly and horses, Count : 
Veltheim on +! 294 
Edinburgh, statue érectedito Burns; ati479 
Electieity, magnetic, Sir Humplirey 
Davy on . 
Emigration, Germany to America; res 
marks on . 
Employment, on the modes of, for va- 
‘rious Classes. 
England, on the complaints of bad 
weather i in 6 5 
English, on their manner of ependivg 
Sunday: ©. : 3 3 
Folus, writings of : 
Epitaph, Turkish, description ofan 221 
Eri, observations‘on Mr, O'Connor’s 


242 


234 


Chronicles of ‘ ° 151, 547 
—,' Chronicles of Fy » 646 
‘laws of F + 655 
Este, ‘Rev. Mr. characteristic: observa 
tions on . A 158 
Esther, tomb of . é . 584 


and« Mordecai, Hebrew in- 
scription of a marble slab in the se- 
pulchre of . 
Euphrates, description of the 592, 
y description of Al Hymer, 
on the eastern shore of. - 6 
Eve:smann, Dr. his letter written on 
the banksiof the rivers Szir and the 
Kuwane 
Exerescence, corncous, sipular case 
of, in the humansubject > 
Daeter, meeting of land owners and 
eecupias, at . . 
Explosions, incoal mines, prevention 
of if . 
Extraction Sew ish, proofs of ‘the Per- 
sian sovereigns’ from Cyrus to. Da- 


rius IIT. x - 400 
Faith, public, observations on 2104 
Farady, Mr, his experiments on-elec- 

tro-magnetical motions Hsege . VLises 
FareysMr.con the istrata cof roofing i 

slate i Carnarvonshire. . v 250 
Felt, adhesive, descripuon of 159! 
Pever, on the: remedial demands) of :.170 
Fevers; observations on. ons 458) 
Figs, Mr. Sabine omilre euldivatisnnol) 

on back walls/ofiwineriesoos .o11ip1g59l 
Fire-damp; Mr,:Bavtley ona #07 ,-—~.-3500 
Fits, on the freatmentof E - 261 
Flower buds, on ‘thecitions manner ot 

of their passing from: layeroto layér 197! 
Flenr-mill npon a news construc iin, 

accgniitsofigq scli wo .O walk oil? ,esengll) 
Forgery, Mr. Bewick ou ‘the SSG of 

tion Ofies: fi. > .engg3i 
Fenjana, the abbe Felice, his disceves” 

ries relativeto the:abyet ptlonof aii 426 
France, oir setencé in. : wad 

J 


aa on the politi al 


j 


Prantl} a péace-soc tcl aa Ae in” 60 


£4\0F, Leen 
-———-—, (the Vero tat® a) Ai shah 


,on the causes oF the! ievoti 
tion dg iail ot o von SYSISS 


+, famine i in, in 1817, ag eons! *° 


IBVBIL « UP ¥g9 


quenéés™” -e 
fio 


Francis, Dr. suggestions. that he ay: 
have been Junius 2 e a 

Freneh mamners, obpersia lense 200ihs 27 

Galdi Matteo, ‘biographital sl of B19 


Galileo, his abjuration “1°20 * >! 10 5 
po. 


Games and diversions, ‘on’ a 
pular me e300 
Garrick, letter of, to Colma” mistisio45 
Gay, letterof 2" esolnoeiiM 1 $0 
George I. his superstition ott} 40 oe 
IT. 'singularlettet of the fi ead 
chess of Queensberry to JO SP 8°" 
state of parties at'the’ atte & 
of: 8% - 508 
ILI. insti bs By; Vata UGE sad 
to a jonrnéy to ‘Weymouth 9° 824 4 
LV. favoutitee bmx? eo sihig 527, 
Georgia, Persia) &e! extraets from’ Sir” 
Robert Ker Porters Travels, m0" 577, 
Germany, on ntarriage with ‘thie? tet 
hand, if HOOT & DYE 
Gibbon’s: Ronian history, reniarks, on 109" 
GLEANER, THE ORIENTAL” 8 
Gorhambury, view ‘and uegjaP Oris , 
the residence of Lotd Bacon"? « 8 85! 
Government, free, Rousseau's ébsers 
vations on causa <a a4 
-——, Lord Bolingbroke! ee 
———~, Andrew Marvel's obs epi 
vations on, and the English constis °* 
tution ay 
Grampound, on the AT 
of pastel apes 
Greece, public affairs of 81, °465 
, olf the moral condition oT . 494, 
Guebres, the; Péisia account of 580 
Guiana, French, Baron Portal’s of 
cial report on the state-of” 
Gulliver's Travels, suppressed chap- 
ter of A01 
Hagelstan, Lieut, O.'5."his statistical 
account of ’ - 309 
Hammadai, «the ancient ‘Bebatana, 
account of - 982 
Hammer, J. Von, ' his’ Coitstantinieple | 
and tit Bosphorus described ~ 332 
‘Hitrbury, Mr. his remarks on misre-~~~ 
presentations in Read’s ‘Anéedotés ” aah 
of John Bunyon ee" : +208, 
‘Hansteen, Prdéfexsor, af OnFiatiaia Hy 5 
obseFVations 6f magnetism ‘45 
Harvey, MrD? wv: on! liis thontalliis- ; 


sion tol the’ bar” aE 
‘Hayti, United, present stale of" die: jb 

pubhé oF © 9841 
'Haalitt, Mr. on-his writings " arity 202 
‘Heard; Sn'Isade biographical acevilt 

of - 468 
Henry VATE) character of, by syco-  ~ 

pbants ofthis day ‘ 329 


Herctilaneum, 


I 


Herculaneum, Sir, Humphrey Days 
op the papyrijfound in < 
Heroes,,vale of, Persia : 


Herschell, Caroline, on, her, astrono- é 


“mical knowledge 
Himalaya, Baron Oune on the heights 
of the chain of. : 
History, naval, Dr. Trotter’ s venaeis 
on., . 
Hollis, i esq. “his character of various 
Nations 
Home, Sir Everard, his obser yauons 
on the rhinoceros 
Hooping- cough, vaccination a:cure of 
Horses, and raral economy, Count 
‘Veltheim on é 
Host, Miraculous, extracts from the 
_story of the ‘ 
ottentots and Caffraria, scientific 
labours of M,,de Lalande, in. the 
country, of the ° 
Houses, Mr. Sabine’s method of con- 
veying water to plants in 
Haman subject, singular, case of a 
corneous excrescencein the . 
Hume, Mr, his misrepresentations re- 
-specting Lord William Russell... 
Hydrophobia, the .scutellaria laleri- 
stale a remedy for : 
aa efficacy of oxygenated 
quriatic acid, in cases of ° 
Hygrometer, simple substitute for. 
Hythe, tomb,of a,Ruasian physician at 
INCIDENTS 81, 178, 273, 370, 467, 
en empire, advantage of, to Great 
ritam, questioned 
Indians, 1octaw, Mr. T oulmin on the 
language of the 
Intellectual system, Schiller’ 8, obser 
vations on 
Ionian Islands, Dr. Miiller ¢ on the ac- 
tual condition of the - 
—, public affairs ofthe . 
Institution, African, account of ‘ 
Irak Arabi, descriptionof | . ‘ 
Ireland, picture of, with the causes of 
its discontents 
, miserable condition of the 


poor of the South of «| 480; 

, state of , 

— » state of, illustrated, and) re- 
medies, suggested , 


Irish peasant, observations, on the ... 
Tyands, Greek, on the actual state of 

the . . . 
Ispahan, visit to _ 94 
Italian muse, observations on the 116; 
Italy, letters from the sonth of 


. 


James IT, anecdotes of an old; man, 


now living, borin thereign of « 
Jennings, Mr. his remarks on) the, prey 


varication of Mr, Wesley it 


Jews, on the manner of their spend- 
ing the Sabbath : 


——, observations on the, in the T ark- 
_ ish empire 


- $8 
Jolinson, Dr, as pensioner, remarks on 29 


Joyce county, lreland, extraordinary 
movement of land in 


N DEX. 


y¥ Judd, Mr. his improved method of 

planting vines forforewg + 587 

| Judges’ Act, observations on the + 614 

| Junius, snegestions: that Dr: Francis 
ymay have been ike ah 

Kandawar,, the ancient nee va ac 
count of 2 585 

Kebyrbor tree, Dr. (ds Copland’s de> 
scription of 19149 

Kermarshah, Persia, valley of. S587 

King, — patriot,’ Lord Bolingbroke’s 
delineation of a 16 Yves 

Kings, on the duties of) ><: 465 

Knight, Mr. T. A. on the propagation 
of varieties of the walnut-tree by 
budding : 

Labourers, British, agricuitural and 
manufacturing, account of meeting 
held. at the City of London tavern, 
on Mr. Owen’s plan for the relief 
of ’ « 466 

| Lalande M. de, his scientific labours 

in the country of the Hottentots 


+ 240 


and Caffraria . f 4145 
395 | Landed interest, extraordinary report 
of the committee of Parliament/on. 564 
216 | Langsdorf, Baron, his observations on,» 
Brazil . . ~ 513 
61 Language; on purifying ° 445 
» Saxon, practical observa- 
3 filines on the study of i 61312 
303:| Languages and dialects, Adelung’s 
406 survey of all known ° 11§99 
566 | Latin and Greek, observations on —.-527 
Le Francois, Madame, astronomer, 
- 617 account of © « 45 
Lawrence, Mr. his retractation insud.3§42 
- 205 | Laws, poor, new system of, proposed 
by Common Sense . 41289 
25 | ——, usury, observations on:the > SAT 
Leeds, society of arts formed ate: (2 569 
429 | LEGISLATION, BRITISH, 64,° 160, 252, 
270 350,’ 4535 534 
366 | Legislative power, observations on . 105 
589| Legitimacy, on the abuse of power by 143 
Leicester, public meeting. of ‘the ho- 
17 siers and manufacturers of tf e377 
Leicestershire, publicaneeting of the! 
497 agricultarists of - aoib, 
288 } Liberty, Spanish song of a «10 
Lime; ‘slaked, .on'the use of, in. vege~ 
318 tation 2 415 
498)| Lincoln, public meeting of the coullty 
of, for seduction of taxation, + 577 
494) Literary Magazine, French,:published 
579 in London; observations on 6,75 
393 | Literature, ancientlycetm of 29; 226 
3li| = » FORELGN, NOVELTIES OF, 
40, 233, 332, 429, 529 
6 Londeus view of Newton's house in , 481 
Louis XV1.some particulars connect- 
297 ed with -hisiexecution © oo) +582 
, Lueas, the Rev. C. on the prevailing 
iA 25 practice of sinony ~ + 508 
‘| Lyons, curious. MSS, in the grand li- 

56 brary of: + 515 
298 | Macklin, letter of Colman to vi 6 S89 
Magnetism, Professor Hansteim’s ob- 

- 157 servations on » 459 


Manchester, 


INDEX, cs 


Manchester, proceedings of the lite- 
rary and philosophical society of . 4 
Murats, the two, account of — . . 44 
Marble, on a live toad tound imbed- 
ded in ° 
Marlborough, letters of Sarah, ducliess 
of « 40 
Marriages, Lonnon, "82, 178, 273, 370, 
467, 567 
Marvel Andrew, account of — . « 143 
» his observations on 
government and the English con- 


61 


stitution . - 145 
Maskelyne Dr. letter of . + 529 
Mass, virtues of the . + 328 
Matter, on the attraction of . «(S41 


Maxwell, Mr. American poet, charac- 
terof. + 315 
May-day with the Muses, Bloomfield’ Sy 


review of < « 420 
— games, observations on . « 501 
Measles, on the management of .- « 458 
Mepicat Report . 72,170, 261, 358, 

458, 556 
Melcombe, Lord, letter of  . +. 332 
Miracles, observations on Rn 07223 
Mirza Mahmoud Ali, account of . . 588 


Mohammed. Sidy, emperor of Mor- 
rocco, original letter of Washington to 140 

Monarchy, observations on . + 102 

» how founded . 506 

Moors, conceit of the, with regard to 
Spain 

Mordecai and Esther, Hebrew i inscrip- 
tion on a marble slab in the sepul- 


« 428 


chre of x - 585 
Morean, General, characteristic re- 

marks on A + 143 
Motions, electro maxnetical, Mr. 


Faraday's experiments on, . 
Motion, proposednewlawsof .  , 
Mountains, Mr, Smith, on ascertain- 

ing the heights of B 
MSS. ancient, Sir Humphrey Davy. on 

restoring colour to “ yi DM 
Miller, Dr. hiis observations on the ac- 

tual condition of the Ionian Islands 


Murat, some account of : » 620 
Murphy, Arthur, remarkson— . - 141 
Musaus, his pectical character, and 

on his Hero and Leander. 226 


Museum, British, arrivals of Egy ptian 
statnar y at . . 
Music, New, AND THE DRAMA... 74, 
168, 259, $49, 456, 546 
Napoleon, his surrender to the English, ; 
squadron. described 5 » BOF 
his attachment to Ossian. .. 4¥5 
in Exile, Mr, O’Meara’s ex- 


45 


tracts from 2 + 618 
—— —— on the treatment of. . - ib, 
-——— characteristic observations on 619 
—-—— hishouse at Longwood . ib, 

—— his first residence at St. 

Helena : - 620 
es his opinion of Miss Williams’ 

“Present State of France” ~ | ah. 


— 


his habits s - ib 
his remarks on St. Helena 621 


oe 


Napoleon, his opinion of ifapten 
Cockburn . ; - 621 
observations. ‘on’ fee 
taking . . ib, 
— — his remarks on chronometers: ib, 
~—-—— his bed-room y ~, + 622 
—~—— _ his observations on the Boe 
vernor.of St. Helena. . abe 
his opinion of General Moore 625 
——— his opinion of Ad. Villeneuve 624 - 
——— his remedy in case of’ illness eb. 


—_—_—_— his . 


— his anticipations © . © 4a. 
———— his habits 3 + 625 — 
-——-, atrocious plot against .~.- ib. 
— » Hobhouse’s book, sent by its 
author to ° mab. 


Leslie’s air-pump accepted by 626 


——~—-—— his quarrel with Lowe |.) sib. 
—-— his opinion of the king of 
Prussia + 627 


— — his remarks on the Bourbons 628 


———— his opinion of Soult evrib. 
his plans . « 629 
——— his detanus . eth. 
——— his repinings . 630; 645 
———— his servants’ fidelity A198. 
———— his title of emperor + 631 
his creations o! yiiieb, 
his health : 382 


his proposals against Algiers the 


on the state of Englatid * the 
our armyand navy ¢ 51633 

his remarks on the battle: of 
Waterloo : . <add 
— on the wars) 3/634 

his account of the Empress 
Josephine : £ nal. 
Lowe's reasoning respecting. ib. 

his intentions regarding the 
Jews F «th. 
his opinion éf Freemasons + 635 

his description of Carnot 
and Barras stb. 
attachment of the Poles to ib. 

his dere of the Russian 
campaign - 636 

his account of the fire at 
Moscow . . + 636 
his religion 4 « 637 
cn animals and vegetables 76. 


———— hiis opinion of Blucher . . *ib. 
-,on-the merits of different 


soldiers ° + ib. 
» his opinion of Murat . - ih. 
England os « + 659 


——— his remarks on the govern- 


ment of Spain - ib. 
bis opinion of Talleyrand, + tb. 
his wounds : + 640 
his account of Duroc eee 
Blacas’s conduct to. ahs 
his remarks on the distress 

of England. eines 
- his policy with Prussia + 641 
his opinion of the different 

“sovereigns ib. 


his description of Joseph 
Bonaparie ° ° - tb. 
: Napoleon's 


INDEX. 


Napoleon, his description of Moreau, 
Dessaix Kleber, Lasnes, andMassena 641 

, his opinion of Pichegrn and 
Alexander E : ‘| 642 
, his rise'in life = abe 

* hig account of the reyolu- 


tionists™ - 643 
> his opinion of England and 
its. policy sii ib. 


ree, Sir T. Reade’s expressions 
against - 644 
, his opinion of the prospects 


of France > ib. 
—-——, his account of the death of 

Moreau . ib. 
——, his prospect of death 645 
Nature, on the latent principles of . ib, 
Negro: trade, observations on the . 336 


Nello Pietro, of Sienna, account of . 393 
Nelson, Lord, Neate of, relative to 


privateers - 45 
Newfoundland, on the trade of, at 
»Narious periods % - 155 


Newgate, number of persons commit: 
‘ted to, and disposal of them in 1821 156 
Newspapers, London, on the favour- 
litism given to some of the, and 
‘Games and number of : - 433 
Newton, view of his house in London 481 
Ney, Marshall, some account of . . 620 
Nicholls, John, late M.P. character- 
istic remarks on - 138 
- — extracts from his Recol- 
‘ectionsand Reflections - + 612 
Niemeyer’s travels, observations on 145 
Norfolk Fox dinner, observations of 


‘the Duke of Sussex atthe . - 78 
- county, meeting of, on agri- 

cultural distress~ . - 93 
Norway, Lieut. O. J, Hagelstam’ 8 

statistical account of A ae 

Oatlands, description of 44. 
Obelisk, Egyptian, brought from the 

island of Philz, version of the - 156 

OccuRRENCEs, PROVINCIAL . 86, 182, 


280, 375, 471, 569 
O'Connor Mr. observations on_ his 


Chronicles of Eri 4 . 547 
O'Meara Mr. extracts from his 
Napoleon in Exile ° - 618 


Old Man, anecdotes of an, now living, 
born in the reign of James the 


Second 6 
Onions, Mr. Wedgwood, on the culti- 
vation of + 241 


Onslow Arthur, odd custom, of em- 
ploying time after the cares of office’ 
Optasaings dreadful extent of, among 
captured negroes on shipboard | . 337 
Oswald, American Hed tes account of 425 
Ossian, on the’ anthenticity of the 
poems of - 
Oxford, extraordinary power assumed 

at, of searching houses , 
Papyri on the, found in Herculaneum 
Parliaments, on the power of . . 410 
PARNASSUS, NEws FROM 10, 159, 212, 
. $13, 420 


39 


341 


Monrutry Mac, No, 370. 


Patriots, Neapolitan, observations on 
the 5 « 519 
Paris, sensations created i in, at the re- 
turn of Bonaparte from Elba . . 162 
PATENTS, NEw, 53, 149, 242, 347,442, 535 
Paulding, Mr. American poet, his 


character 5 E « 315 
Pella, description of ~ wiih 
Persia, a sacred village in i ed 

aspect of the country of . 581 


agriculture of the peasantry of 582 


Persian character, observationson . 579 
fruit, description of ~—. - 581 
Persians, observations on the . - 336 


Persian sovereigns, from Cyrus, to 
Darius III. proofs of their Jewish 


extraction . - 400 
Persians, modern, and Turks, com- 
parison of - 502 


Philosophy, the new mechanical, pro- 
posed new laws of motion in ac- 
cordance with thie = - 419 

Physician, Russian, tomb of a, at 
Hythe . - 406 

Piedmont, on the late’ revolutions and 
present ‘condition of « 482 

Pignotti Lorenzo, on the character and 
works of ‘ 2 . 116 

Pierpont, Mr. American poet, ex- 
tracts from his “ Airs of Palestine,” 314 

PoETRY, ORIGINAL, 37,135,326, 424,524 

Poqueville M, his recent tour from 


Thessalonica to Pella - . 129 
Pope, hemistich on the . - 45 
Perlier, original particulars of _. . *11 


Poland, ontheadvance of literature in 332 
Poor, management in Clerkenwell, on 
the improved system of Z « 485 
—— on the employment of, in work- 
houses 5 » 486 
Pope, Mr. Taylor on a plagiarism of 414 
Population and supply, on regulating 
the relation between : - 161 
onthe increaseof  ... . 203 
Portal, Baron, his official report on 
the state of French Guiana, . ... 28 
Porter, Sir Robert, extracts from his 
travels in Georgia, &e. . + 577 
Portugal, Cortes of, on their, enlight- 


ened policy —. 79 
Poverty, plan of self:provision 
against - 104 


Power, on the abuse of, by legitimacy 143 


Predestination, observations. ON! 4). », 202 
Press, on the gentlemen of the . . 428 
-——, on the character of the: lege 345 


Preston, Lancashire, melaneholy acci- 
dentat => + 472 
Privateers, letter of Lord Nelson re- 


~ lative to . 45 
Propertius, character of, as poet. ay 29 
PUBLICATIONS, New List oF 65, 161, 


253, 340,454, 547 


Quaker, the Fair, further details rela- 


tive to - 517 

Queensberry, duchess of, patroness of 
Gay, herspirited lettertoGeorgeII. 42 
Quiroga, original particulars of =. *11 
4 Ravages 


INDE xX.; 


Ravages of tle gooseberry,caterpillar, 
means of preventing the, o '4 feng sui 403 
Reid's. anecdotes ,of ,Johow, Bunyon,, 
misrepresentations ins): jo- eu) \o #209 
Rein-deer, , of, Lapland, brought to 
Iingland, description.of,.) .» - 157 
Religion, true, ,»mannen, of determin: 


ing it . * 2 139 
Review, Quarterly, remarks on 20,201,414 
- Edinburgh ‘ » 129 
——, Retrospective A - 323,492 


Revolution, French, how far philo- | 
sophy. was concerned with the - 203 
Rheumatism,,.on) the. causes of and 


‘remedies for 108 F - 170 
Rhinoceros, Sir Edward Home’s ob- 
servations on the 2 3 2 242 


Ridgway’s, literary lounge at. . 
Ricgo, original particularsof —« 19 
Rio Janeiro, observationson. + 512 
Roads, unnecessary, on the Act for 
stopping up . . + 204 
Robbers, ingenious, account of . . 138 
Robinson, Mrs, and General Tarleton, 
account of : rig 28 « 527 
Rock slate, live turtle foundina . 61 
Roman history, Gibbons, critical re- 
marks on ° . - 109 
Rootsey, Mr. his communication of 
Capt. Bayne’s route across the 
northern desert of Arabia eke 
Rose-bud, ancient description of the 216 
Ross, Mr. his method of forcing 
asparagus . ° : 
Rousseau, M. his observations on free 
government . . . 
Russell, Lord William, observations 
on the life of ; ° - 216 
Russia, new monthly literary journal 
in English and French, published 
in, account of > « 545 
———’', extraordinary hail-storm in ©. 357 
Russians, on the personal condition 
of the ‘ < ; 
Sardanapalus,a tragedy, LordByron’s, 
review of and extracts from. : 
Scarlett, Mr, remarks en his Poor 
Bill ° : » 128 
Schiller, on his intellectual system  . 25 
———, conclusion of the analysis of 
the worksiof ‘ . 800, 402 
Scio, massacres at, by the Turks... 563 
Scotland, on the judicial, administra- 
tion of. « . «129 
Scutellaria Laterifolia, a remedy for 
hydrophobia ‘ i - 61 
Sea monster, account of a R 
Seamen,: on: improveménts: i the 
health of . m + 489 
Selden, his birth place, at Salvington 193 
Senegal, notice relative! to the French 
establishment in : - 146 
Searching houses, extraordinary po wer 
assumed at Oxford of ° « 401 
Sesostris, writings of 9. . « 649 
‘ Shepperton, Middlesex, descriptionof 43 
Sheridan, observations on ‘ - 5a 
Ships, on the improved condition of 514 


- 158 


537 


142 


201 


Slave trade, on the, enormous exten 


Siberia, and. Tartary, on, the dialects , 


| , of, and means of extending our. com-. 
EONS: 


merce tay. hyn is'1909 


Simony, the Rev. C. Lucas on t a pre- 


vailing, practice of 


iti ¥v 59308 


Cea 
‘Skimmed) milk, Mr, Edmund Davy 00 


detection of frauds practised in .,....,,,62 


arnarvonshire 


TULSA 


‘Slate, rooffing, Mr. Farey, on strata.im, 


Lived 
vr ahaa : saod } pare. 


——, horrors of the, .., \. 338 


‘Small-pox, Mr. Asbury’s plan for,'ex- 


terminating the natural, .:, | ...;41 
Smith, Mr. Enort, on larch bark ©... 317 
——, Mr. on ascertaining, the heights... 
of mountains , «,.)),,.4...% 5 
Smoke, on the combustion of _ 
SOCIETIES, PUBLIC, PROCEEDINGS 
OF é 144, 239, 336, 439,537 
Society, British Union, objects of ,. ,,185 
for the Suppression, of , Vice, 
observations on : - 456 
Societies and book-clubs, plans.of _ . 488 
Somerset, extracts from, the MS. Iet-. 
ters of the good duchess of, to Miss 
Catherine Talbot ; + 356 
Song, national, observations on «222 
Southey, Mr. on the empirical metre 
of his “* Vision of Judgment” 9 296 
Southwell, Robert, jesuit, on his poe-,, 
tical productions. . 325,465, .561 
Spain, political condition of yogic 
—— , on the English jury system in-.,.; 
troduced into . ° * 
Statuary, Egyptian, arrivals of, at the. 
Museum < . a 45 
Stael, Madame de, on her works, and 
character . . 4 + 128 
Staffordshire, riots by the miners, of + 474 
Steam, on propelling carriages by _..._56 
vessels, on the advantages of ., 539 
STEPHENSIANA 39, 138, 326, 425, 525 
Stickleback, habits of the fish called 


. 229 


the ‘ . - . 406 
Stnart, Mr. duel between, and Sir 
Alexander Boswell, bart. - 583 


STUDENT, THE GERMAN, 25, 124, 300, 402 
Suicides, number of, in’ ten years, in 

the city and liberty of Westminster, 59 
Sunday, of the manner of spending, 

by the English . . 125 


Superstition, instances of. . 142 

Susa, description of the ruins. of |) 612 
Sussex, the Duke of,, his observations 

at the late Norfolk fox dinner’, 78 

Syracuse, description ofthe city of, 32 

, street of tombs at . 34 

~, eat of Dionysius at ye OD 


Supper harvest, observations on j« 500 
Swansea;on improvement in the:cop- 
per works,of 5 + 459, 359 
Sweden and Norway, Lieut..O, J. Ha- 
gelstam’s statistical account of... 309 
Switzerland, on the increase of mu- 
tual instruction in » 250 
Tathem, Mr..on the minimum of the 
barometer at different periods eal 
Taxes, 


INDEX. 


Taxes, assessed, on the mischiefs and 
oppressions of the 2311 
Tarleton, General, and Mrs, Robin- 


n, account of < S27 
Tartary and Siberia, On| tlie dialects ° 
of, ahd means ‘of extending our com 
merce to 24 
Fagan jinmoderate, ‘observations 
- 618 
Tayldes hr. “harks oa plagia- 
tismof Pope . . 414 
Temple, ear in 1756, character of, 
y Lord Waldegrave . 615 
elwall, Mr. characteristic remarks 
‘on > . 135 
Tigre description of the. - 592 
Tinos, island, description of . 496 
Thessalonica, M. a Site recent 
tour from, to Pella ~ . 129 
Thieving, lines iv praise of the noble 
art of - . 394 
Tibullas, character of ———g 
‘imectou, original account of - 388 
Tithes, observations ou . 520 
Toad,a Jive, found embedded i in mar- 
bee. 5 . 61 
Tobacco, on the virtuesof . . 261 


Youlmiu, Mr. his remarks om the lan- 
guage of the Clioctaw Indians « 205 
Tournesol, or sun-flower, on the cul- 
ture of the . ; . 142 
Tradesmen, young, golden rules for, 
by Common Sense - 516 
Trotter, Dr. his remarks on naval his- 
tory - 489 
Turkey, original ‘letters from. 9, 111 
, political affairsof . - 563 
, Von Hammer on the actual 
‘state of - 332 
‘Turks and modern Persians compared 502 
, observationson . » 335 
Turtle, a live; found ina slate rock . 61 
Turkish army of contingents, descrip- 
tion of . ° . 200 
horse, observations on the . 295 
Two Foseari,a tragedy, Lord Byron’ 
reviewed 10 
Tylev, Wat, his house at Dartford’. 140 
Unitarian sect, observations on the . 552 


United States, value of books printed 
in, yearly J - 546 
, census of the + 270 


——.,, President’s message to 
the House of Representatives, on 
recognition of the South American 
republics : 568 
WVaccifiation, a revision of, advised!><z 56 
— , observations ol °.—-—.-299 
Vaccine, national establistiment;- on 
the utility of the 126 = 538 
VARIETIES, 55; 151,° 245, 3525 433, 539 
Vaneluse, recent visit to, withobsers | 
vations and anecdotes” be 16 
Vegetation, on the: use’ of ‘slaked lite 
in 4p 
Veltheim, Count, his obsbrvations ou 
hosses, and rural economy # 294 


Verses, Persian, on various subjects . 220 
_ Vesuvius and Heckla,fate eruptions of 384 
_Vineries, ‘Mr. Sabine on the cultiva- 


tion of figs, on the back walls of | . 239 
Vines; Mr. Judd’s improved method 
of planting, for foreing « 537 


_“ Vision of Judgment;” on the enipi- 


rical metre of the - + 206 
Wakes, country, observations on -'500 
Wakefield, Gilbert, traits of his cha- 

“racter ‘ + 142 
Walckenaer, M. his synopsis ‘of geo 

graphical researches, respecting the 

interior of Northern Africa - 144 
Wales, North, excursion through, 112, 207 
Water, on obtaining it, by boring” =. 152 
> Mr. Sabine’s method of con- 

veying, to plants in houses + 259 
Walnut tree, Mr. T. A. Knight, on 

propagation of varieties sof the, by 


budding . : > 240 
Walpole, on his rancorous opposition 
to Bolinbroke . - 407 


Walton, Middlesex, description of se- 
veral villas and houses in and about 42 

Washington, original letter of, toSidy 
Mohammed, emperor of Morocco . 140 


_ Visit to ° - 477 
Waters, on the analysis of . . 419 
Welch, on the manners of the + 113 
Wesley, Mr., Mr. Jennings on the pre- 
varication ‘of - 297 
Western, Charles Collis, anecdote rez 
specting - 526 


West India Islands, ‘venlarke dn the .527 
Westminster meeting, petition to the 
House of Commons, at the late. 268 


Weston, Cooper’s residence at - 290 
Weybridge, scenery about’ . « 43 
Wedgwood, Mr. on the cultivation of 
onions » 241 
Weymouth, instructions of George IH. 
relative to ajourney to . AZ 
Whale, extraordinary disaster occa- 
sioned by a . «| 62 
Wheat crops, on the application of 
dung to 141 
Whigs, the, and Mr. Burke, observa- 
tions on : + 616 
William TIL. character of ©. ~~ 613 


Williams, David, observations‘on ~. 138 
; Miss, 'Bonaparte’s opinion 
of her “* Present State of France,” 620 


Window tax, observatious on the ©. 51¢ 
Winds, pestilential; account of | |. 589 
Witchcraft, observations on 1495 - 
Wood, on the increase of >. + 156 


» Mr. Wedescription of his ad- 
hesive felt : #159 
+, Mry Alderman, serviee of plate 
presented to;! for lis conduct to the 
late Queen . + 467 
Year,’ mew, ‘old ‘customs connected 
» with « 501 
Yorkshire, geological phenomena dis. 
covered in . + 261 


INDEX 


EEE eee 


INDEX To THE NAMES or LIVING AUTHORS, AND ommEn, PERSONS, 
: inp THIs 53d VOLUME; 


Aberdeen, earl of 
553 
Abernethy, J. F.R.s. 
69 

Adams, Capt. J. 

Aikin, Miss 161,165 
Allan, J. H. 152, 346 
Andrews, Rev. B. 
355 

Armstrong, W, H. 
70 
Ashdowne, J. 453 
Atherstone, E. 346 
Atkinson, J. | 165 
Bamford,Rey.R.W, 
248, 452 

Barclay, J. M.D. 

166, 346 
Barton, B. 258, 344 

Batten, Rey. J. H. 
D.D. 167 
Banim, Mr. J. 450 


454 
Ball, E. 69, 255 
Barrow, Mr. 540 
Barlow, J. 69 
Bellamy,J. 547, 354 
Bellendan, J. 166 
Benston, Rev. C. 
347 
Bellchambers, E. 
451 
Birens, Rev. F. 58 
Bentham, J. 169, 
447, 454 
Birbeck, M. 69 
Bigelow, J. M.D. 
453 
Bird, J. 153 
Black, J. 154 


Bland, Judge 554 
Blackford, Mrs. 68 
Bloomfield, R. 454 
Blomfield, Rey. 


E. V. 257 
> Rev. J. 258 
Brady, J. H. 156 


Brewster,D. LL.D. 
258, 353 

Brodgens, R, 154 
Broadhurst, Rey. T. 
257. 

Browne, M.P. 166 
Brown, Mr. R, 59 
» Capt. 257 
Brooke, A. de C, 
541 

Brookes, S$. 346 
Bruce, J. 257, 
Burder, Rev.'S. 155 
»H.F. 249 
Burrow, Rev. G. J. 
D.D. 70,555 


’ 


—__>— 

Burchell, W. J..168 Dayle, W. 167 

453 Dennis, J: 1248) 
Burton, Rey. E.. De» Renzy, Capt. 

68,257 155,554 

Butler,S. D.D.257 Dibdin, Rev.:T. Fi 
, C. 346, 443 353, 553 
Button,J. F.S.A.69 Dillon, Lord 154 


Busby, Mr. 438, 451 
Bythewood, W. M. 


155 

Carrington, N, T. 
346 
Canon,A.R. 165 

Carson, J. M.D. 

452, 458 
Cailland, M. 60 
Campbell, H. 151, 
340 
, Rev. J. 256 
Carey, Dr. 247 


Cember, W.T. 258 
Children, Mr. 56 
Chambers, Mr. 153 
Chalmers, T. D,D. 
555 
Clark, Rev. J. 69 
Kicclg hs: Maer 
Cochrane, Mr. 59 
Coneybeare, . Rev. 


435 

Colquhoun, J.D.D. 
70 

Conner, W. T. 258 
Cooke, W. 70 
Cooke, J. M.D. 166 
Cornwall, Baroni52 
Cottingham, L.N. 
451 


Cox, Rev. Arch. 70 
Crook, Mr, W. H. 


356 

Croley, Rev. G. 247, 
345, 540 

Cropper, J. 258 
Crabb, Mr. 58 
Curtis,S. F.L.S.165 
—, J. H. 257 


Cumberland, Olive, 

princess of | 545 

Cunningham, A. 259 

438, 454 

— , Rev. J.W.455 
Cunninghame, W. 


455 

Dacier,.P, 257 
Danby, W. 554 
Daniell, W. R.A, 55 
Darley, G #345, 548 
Davis, J. 555 
—, J. F. F.R.S,. 
552, 554 

Davy, Sir He” _ 57 
Dawson, T. 247 


9 
+ 


Donald, R. 345,451 


Douglas, J. 453) 
Dowson, E. 165 
Drakard, Mr. 152 


Drake,N. M.D. 153) 
Dunbar, Professor, 


436. 


Dunglison, R. 54 
Dunlop, Mr.435,45% 
Durant, Rey. T. 
57, 451 
Edgworth, Miss 257 
Edmeston, J... 246 
Edwards,Syd.F.L.S 
69 


Elliott, M. 344 
Evans, G.W.71, 164 
— _,J. LL.D. 255 
—., Ar. A.M. 555 


Farmer, Mr. . 247 
Farr, W. 237 
Ferrier, R. 454 


Field, Rev. W, 552 
Fielding, G, 452 


Finch, Rev. T.. 59, 


152, 257, 346 


Fitch, J. 165 
Fitzgerald,G. 70 
Fletcher, J.A.M.167 
Fleming, J. D.D. 
555 
Flower, R. 69 


Forden, E. A. 454 
Ford, Rev. D. E. 59 
Forsyth, J.S. 458 
Franklin, W. T. 165 
Franks, Rev. J.C. 


M.A, 70 
French, D. 254 
Gage, J. 247 
Gamba, M. 249 
Garden, W. 452 
Gardiner, W. 166 
Gill, Mr. 58 
Gisborne, Rev. Mr. 

450, 593 
Glenn, Rev. J. 347, 
455 
Glenbervie, Lord, 
167 
Goethe,J. W. de 345 
Gourley, R,.., 346 
Greville, R.H. 

F.R.S., 553 

Griffith, Mr. 56 


Guisse, Rev. J. 555 


vu .-—- 

4 We ¥ - j 
Gwilt; Je son B5Z 
Haigh, T. A.M. 553 
Halliday, T. 19452 
Hall, Mi 166 
=, Mr.f eyo Rae 
Hamilton, Bs M.D; 

58;.846 
-, Ru D.166- 
Hamper; Mr. 542 
Hanbury, Rev. Ba: 

VA Bat 
Hardiman, Ji 1h25? 
Harvey, D. W. 258, 

MT lo h84g 
—, Je ib. 
Harris, Rev. W..70 
Heathfield; R.. 258 
Hedge, Hon. M, A. 
166 

Hennah, Revo R. 

Mi ny 

Herbert,” Rev. W ‘ 
d 69, 2575346 
Highmore, Mr..'438 
Hill, J. 5 .166 
Hichener, Mists iE! 


‘i 67 
Hindmarsh, Robt.! 
1.3) 65 

Hofland, Miss" 455, 
550 

» Mrs. 463 

Hogg, 7, 154, 436, 
Holman, J.. ¢9 9555 
Holden, Rey. G. 


Hollingsworth, Rev. 


Home, Sir Es 957) 
Hopkins, Mr.. 544 
Howard, G. 165 


Horsfield, T. M.D. 


455 
——., Rev. T. 540 
Haghes, J..:A.M. 
247, 455 

Hunt, Sir A. de. V. 
846, 452 
Hutton, Miss C. 65, 
mp ipad 
Hutchinson, Rev. J. 
553 

Impey, E. Be. 4358 
Ireland, Mr. 162 
iW. H. 167, 

248, 346 

Irving, Dr. (487, 
552 

——, Washington, 
548 


Jackson,T. 154,452 
Famnes, Rev. J. A.. 

454 

Jamieson, 


Jamieson, R. A.M. 

“9 °69;542) 452 
, Mrs. 346, 
Jay, Rev. W. 542 


Jefferson, Rev. ~The 


Lit 5i 
Jemer, E.; M.D. 
166, 254 
Jeffreys, J.i5 453 
Jennings, Mr. 356 
Jonesy Rev. J. 66 
——~, Jos. M.D.346 
Johnston; Mae 554 
Judah; B. Hs 549 
Kelly, R.N. 554 
Kendrick, BLT.C. 
165 
Kenrick, Rev. J. 59 
Kent, J. Ki 167,438 
Keyworth T, and 
D. Jones 248 
Kaiglt, W.B. A.M. 
154, 347 
Kruse, Pe 
Laisne, M. 156,545 
Landseer, Mro0152 
Lardner,Rev.D.153 
Le» Bass, Rev. C. 
oW. A.M. 347 
LeBlanc, M. 
Lefanu, Miss 454 
Lettice, J.D.D. 70 
Lewis, Mr. 436, 554 


Le Breton, Ts 167 
Le Mesurier, Rev. 
®. 554 
Lenant, A. 246 
Bindley, J. F.LS. 
69 
Linley, G.E. 554 
Litchfield, T: 166 
Lioyd, B. D.D. 454 
Leaman, V. 453 
Lowe, Mr. 540, 555 
Loudon, J. C... 535 
Luby, Miss 258 
Lynch, J. 166 
Macann, F. 453 
M‘Chronicle, Ron. 
258 
Mec. Dermot — 166 
Mac, Henry, L.J.A 
1355 
Mackenzie, H. 57, 
345 
ee—, C.69, 453 
Maclaren,C. 345 
Macawley, Miss 553 


Mc. Nally,Mrs. 554 
Maillard, M. 257 
Mantell; G. PsbS. 
246, 446, 540 
Maltby, E. 347, 452 
Marshall, Lieut. 57 
Marvyatt, , Capt. 346 
Martin, W. 70 
Mayow, Rev. R. W. 
247 


27. 


INDEX. 


Mason, W.S. 


»ALS, 
Melmoth,Mr. 99 
Meyrick, Dr.» 354 
Millman, Rev. H-H. 

182,155,450, 452 


164, 
258 
546 


Miller, J. 247 
Mills, J. 66 
Mills, €. 153 
Mitchell, 'T. A.M. 


257, 452 
Montgomery, Mr. 
434, 552, 554 


Moore, T. 448 
Morrison, Rev. Dr. 
R. 168 
Morgan, Sir Charles 
453 

Moysey, Charles 
Abel, D.D. 454 
Mountain, J. H. B. 
454 


Nares, E. D.D. 


err, Rev. R. 553 
Nash, F. 69 
Nathan, Mrs. 166 
Nelson, Mr. 545 


Newell, Rev. R. H. 
: 455 
Nicholls, J. 346 
,FS.A. 553 
Nicholson,Mr.P.56, 
161, 166, 548, 553 
Noel and La Place, 
Messrs. 155, 342, 
345 
Nolan, Rev. F. 70 
O'Connor, 151, 247, 
353, 547, 553 
O’Donnoghue, 
Rev. H.C, 
O'Meara, Mr. 


541 
540, 
553 
Opie, Mrs.153, 166, 


451 

Orme, W. 540 

Otley, W. ¥. 452 

QOuiseau, J. 553, 

Oveston, Mr. 155 
Palin, R. M.D. 

154, 452 

Park, J. R. M.D. 

453 

Partington, C. -F. 

554 

Pearson, J. F.R.S. 

165 

——~, Rev. H. D.D. 

"259 

Penn, Granville 69 


Peter, Ww. 70 
Phillips, H. 166 

J Chas. 248 

, W. 435 
Picquot, A. 165 
Pilgrim, ET) 256 
Pipe,Gen. W. 70 


Place, F._ 161, 167 
Playfair,J. F. H28.59 
Pontey, Mr. 541 
Pope, C.M. 69 


Porter, Sir R! K. 


435, 550, 555 
Potter, N. "M.D.453 
Pouqueville, F.C.H, 

259 
Poynet,J.M.D. 166 
Pradt, Abbé de 347 
—, Miss A.M.435 
Price,Rees,M.D. 68 
Prichard,J.m.D 166 
Price, R, M.D. 252 
Pront, T. M.D. 457 
Prowett,Rev.J. 167 

435, 559, 555 
Pugin, A. 452 
Pullen, P.H. © 553 
Quanti, Q. 554 
Rackzynski, Count 

E. 357 
Ranken, Rev. A. 

D.D. 257, 347 
Rattenbury, J. H. 

167 
Rennell, Rev. T. 454 
Rees, T. LL.D. 959 
—,J. 438, 555 
Rhodes, Mr. 4.38 
Ricardo, D, 347 
Richardson, R. 

M.D. 455 
Robinson, F. P. 164 
»J-H. 451 
» Rev. H.553 
Roche, Dr. H. 153 
Roberts, W. J. 545 


Rolandi, G. 165 
Rondeau, J. 147 
Roscoe,Mr. 540,452 
Rose, W. S. 153 


Rudge, Rev.Dr. 545 
Rutland,duke of 446 
— , Duchess of 455 
Salisbury,W. 451 
Sandford, Dr. K. 
258, 345 
Santagnello, M. 165 
Schimmelpenninck, 


Mr. 355, 555 
Schmidtmeyer, P. 
555 


Schultes,H. 346 
Scott, Sir Walter, 

65, 152, 548 
—., Miss 458 
"Rev. R.542,553 
Séamarelia, M. "950 
Searle, Rev. T. 542 


Sherwood, Mrs. 69 
Simond, L.-} 4 
= 5S. 555 
Smith, J. 24; 
——, A.’ 347 
—,P. 167 
Sinnett, EL. 150 


Southey, R. 154,532 
554 
Sowerby, Mr. .356 
Spalding, Dr. L.. 61 
Spence, Miss, 155, 
166, 342 
——,  W. 353, 454 
Spix_and Martius, 
MM. 250 
Stewart, Dr.” 
Stanhope, L.S. 69 
> Earl 167 
Stanton,SirG.T.258 
Stothard,C. 435 
Strong, T.L. B.D. 70 
Sturgeon, L. 163 
Sweet, FL.L.S. 59 
Taylor,T.68,353,540 


—, W. 165 
—,Rev.I. 247 
—~ B52 
ae, J. 458 
Tebbs,H.V. 454 
Tennant, W. 166 
Thackeray, Rev. 
F. 454 
‘Thelwall, Mr.. 434 
Thomas, J. P. 57, 
155, 166 
»Rob. M.D. 452 
Preahy a: M.D.257 
——, AT. FiL.s. 452 


Thouin, M.° 60: 
‘Thurlow, Lord. 155, 
167, 554 
Tilloch, A. 154 
‘Titsingh, M. ra 
'Tredgold, Mr. 
, 247, sa 
Trist, Rey. G. 455 
Tulket, M. 165 
Turner, Mr. D. 247 
Tytler, R. M.D, 
166, 554 
ae Ss, F.R, S. 454 
Waddington,G.341, 
p 347 
——_,'8.. 346 
Wainwright, J. 247 
Walpole, H.° 554 
Walond,Rey.R, 167 
Waller, "JA "448 
Ward, W. T.. 453 
Walker, J. 553 
Waits, A 353 
Webster, J. M.D. 
Welby, A... 71, 164 
Western, C.C. M.P. 
70,167 
Whately, R.A, M555 
Whitaker, T. D. 


LL.D, 70 
White, W. H, 165 
»W. 257 

Wilks, 7 . 70 


——, Rev,S. C. 353 
Wilkinson, T. H. 

257, 454 

Wild, 


Wild, C. 345 
Wix, Kev. 5. 167 
Wilkins,Rev.G. 346 
Wilson, Walter 354 
Woodforde,J. M.D. 

166, 257 


INDEX. 


Woolgar, Rev. J.W. 


Pe 540 
Wooddeson, R. 155 


Woods, J. 154, 347 


Woodsworth, W. 
247, 436 


Woodsworth, H. 
343, 347 
Worsdale, sen. 542 
Whight,Mrs. 68,346 
—, Rev. G. N. 
345, 455 


Wright, F. 845 
Yates, Rev. W. 70 
Yeats,G.D.mM.p. 542 
Yorke, P. 164 
Young, Rev. G. 446 
> ay M.D. 453 


EMINENT AND REMARKABLE PERSONS, 
Whose Deaths are recorded in this Volume. : 


Beedon, Dr. R. Bi- 
shop of Bath and 
Wells 469 

Benyon, 8. Y. esq. 

372 

Blane, Capt. G. R. 

; 85 


Boswell, James, esq. 
274 

Broderick, Rt. Rev. 
Charles, Archbi- 
shop of Cashel 469 
Brownley, James, 
esq. 568 
Cherry, Rev. Tho- 
mas, B.D. 574 
Clarke, Rey, E. D. 
276 


Adams, Rev. T. C. 
A.M. 280 
Bagot, Hon. & Rev. 
R. A.M. ib. 
Barton, Rev. Bp: 
ib. 

Barnes, Rev. H. ib. 
Beckett, Rev. Geo. 
182 

Benson, Rev, H. B. 


M.A. 280 
Bethell, Rev. G. 
A.M, 280 
Blomfield, Rev. C. J, 
D.D. 86 
Boyse, Rev. J. ib. 


Brereton, Rev. H. 
470 

Carr, Rev.S. 182 
Coldwell, Rev. W. 
L. M.A. 280 
Collier, Rev. C. ib. 


Barton, J. for pistonse++++-ecceees 
Broderip, for heating-+++++++ees++ 
Brokedon, W. for wire-drawing -+-++ 
Busby, Mr. for hydraulic orrery ---+- 
Bush, M. for calico printing-+---+ ++ 
Cochrane, W. E. for street lamps-- ++ 
Coleman, E. for shoeing horses------ 
Crompton, ‘T. 5. for paper making... 
Goldfinch, Col. for horse shoes .--.-- 
Hagner, G. F. for white lead «--+.- 
Haliburton, A. for steam engines -: 


Hall, S. for stare 


esq: 
\ Englefield, SirHenry 


Conant, Sir Natha- 
niel 469 
Coutts, Thomas, esq. 
bMS 274 
Corbett, Capt. Ro- 
bert 279 
Devis, Arthur W. 
275 


Charles, bart. 470 
Grafton, Duchess of, 
469 
Grey,CountessDow- 
ager 469 
Harvey, W. 347 
Hawes, Benj. esq. 
180 

Heard, Sir Isaac 468 


Keene, Witshed, esq. 
374 

Kipling, Dean 373 
Knyvett, Chas. esq. 
180 

Lavie, Captain. Sir 
Thomas, K.C.B. 
ib. 

Malham, Rey. J. 85 
Parry, C.H. M.D. 
277 

Russell, Matth. esq. 


M.P. 468 
Scott, Helenus,M.D. 
573 


Sibthorp, Coningsby 
Waldo, esq. M.P. 
374 


ECCLESIASTICAL PROMOTIONS, 


Comins, Rev. J. 471 
Ellis, Rev. F, A.M. 
86, 182, 374 
Francis, Rev. R. J. 
182 
Glubb, Rev. J. M. 
470 
Gorton, Rev. W.375 
Greeves, Rev. R. 
280 
Hales, Rev. R. ib. 
Hereford, Rev. 
Dean 182 
Hogarth, Rev. J. H. 
LL.D. 86 
Hooper, Rev.T. 375 
Hoste, Rev. J. 
86, 182 
Huntingford;Rev.H. 


LL.B. 182 
Ingle, Rev. C. M.A. 
86 


Ingleby, Rev. H. 86 


Irving,Rev.M. B.D. 
280 

Jefferson, Rev. F. 
B.A. 574 
Jones, Rev. J. 280 
Judgson, Rev, W.G. 
M.A. 374 
King, Rev. S. 182, 
280 


Law, Rev. H. 471 
Lee, Rev. S. ib. 
Lonsdale, Rev. J. 
M.A. 374 
Lloyd,Rev.A.F.470 
Marwood, Rev. T. 
M.A. 86 
Monk,Rev.J.H. 280 
Noble, Rev. B. 374 
Owen,Rev. H. M.A. 
86 
Plumley,Rev.H.280 


SS 


INDEX TO THE NEW PATENTS. 
Harvey, for ropes -eeserrseeseeses S47 


- 243 
348 
150 
444 
535 

55 
149 

54 


Huggett, J. for a carriage drag +--+ 


Stewart, Right Hon. 
and RightRev.Dr. 
William, Archbp. 
of Armagh | 469 

Story, George, esq. 

181 


, John, esq. 
Sylvester, Sir Jolm, - 
bart. S72 
Vince, Rev.S. M.A. 
F.R.S. 181 
Whately, T. esq. 84 
Whitaker,Rev. T.D. 
LL.D. 181 
Wright, John Atkins, 
esq. 374 
Wyvill, Rev. Christ. 
275 


Plumtree,Rev. J. T. 
280 

Powell, Rev. J. 374 
Randolph ey 
ID. 

Selkirk, Rev. T. 375 
St. Johu, Rev, O.D. 
471 

Stonestreet, Rev. G. 
G.LLB. 182 
Sumner, Rev. C, B. 
280 

Thomas, Rev. J.471 
Thompson, Rev. T. 
86 

Whittaker, Rev. J. 


W. AM. 280 
Whitelock, Rev. W. 
S 182 


Willings,Rev -T.280 
Williams,Rev.D.182 
Worgan,Rev. J. 230 


54 


Kenrick, S. for tinning +++-++*+++++ 536 


Macnamara, for street paving -+++-+ 54 
Main, J. for wheeled carriages -+++++ 245 
Marsh, H. for wheel carriages ++-+++ 53 


Moore, J. for a mechanical power -- 


242 


Reedhead and Parry, Messrs. for pro- 
pelling vessels es eseeesecessecsce Dhd 

Rhede, Major, for extracting molasses 150 

Tuely, C. for window sashes +---+e++* 443 


f ~- Mestwood, F for embossing «+ eereee S48 


eT 


: 7 
Siatecssoesesese 


PAP oe ot 
Sis