(Az < Wes ea a My 2 eK : Ni Aten Mie ws ', MONTHLY REPORTS OF DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Boat le oY WA RS £6 67, Lreeaey - REP yack BSTAMICAL GARDEN J. B. DODGE, Enrror: WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1868. 1 a t i ins eee. i hal d bigs bak ie fo i} aa ; 7 xl \ | i ry oo en a D's, i : vi, ip b. we ‘) Page: | ee ate: Sl hl, Ped a pr i o ATS OTs A i ee | weer PM, ; AACIMATOR : KORA ¢ weed) a te ae e 4 OB ao “a : ee + ‘ . . 7 ' al ou s. ’ oe -U yy ~*~ t 2 i . S . 2 : % eo a \ : ~ e INDEX. iARDEN - Me Page. ADORUOMIN COWRsos st ccat ea. oa tandec ite sos tse cat mee tee concealer 291 Agricultural chemistry, facts in...--. .....----- 2-2 eee ee eee e ee eee eee eee 92 BEDOLIR 2o2 ho cated td oc iw Phas dw Fad tt eo AA SE 154, 161, 245 Agriculture in Colorado...-...----.------- pease issade seoecss SR BOE ' 283 Agricultural Society of ‘Colorado. .-.-. ...066 2255. cese css cscs eceses cies. 31 Precuctws, pices Ol... 2255 222ne ss 2a sesso eee ee 4 en we 156 TEbULus Ob Gren britaMmts stesso lo tsosss tases aan eee sere eee 379 StalintiCey MNOLO DOME «<-ccaae tease scene ea sae tae enter 98 Of Bavaria. sss2hssosacse2sesessrsas sent Cees es 257, 259 Survey, of the south) 22d co tc ccls cases seceaiccee cee cee tees ene 192 JAI STR EG OC GS ESC Be SES SHEE bee ee becobobeeonsoncd cob 199 EO C0 er eee eee rerias ne omen wane ae aa een ee ee ene 166, 170 frecdula DOW = wa ciacc Caosceon ese roe ss Meese eee se aeeaien Sete see 30 PRAT Witte Hila WINE PTONES < a0. acc. Coes elec be fice isacleiteses ceo 327 SeeenaeEE Eee TIS BOMB wo che sac eeeromass see saes Jaret s ste neeeee 89 WARIOG iors cin nse Seren aoe ae eaten Naa ae Re a ete TREX ESSERE age ee af pl a ae ele lh Relea, speed A ae fp St 94 STON SAN MEM Meten cesses cas ew anes cago peon ate soe eae cs 369 BOY ch aoacnssaeneea torent aces mae Senne ae eee nae Mie aero 376 imseed CAKG = sinner ese seas soso eae e te cate ee eer ee se 377 MANUVESs me cieeacescemsuwismaas Conse hes scence sais aclnge seas a 93 BULB W 5 soa oe ena oe lamas tema cs eee cence en ceases aeee 375, 376 ire Aud WHARINELG COWS toca. nacceacscuse ae fae coos Sete kee ek oes ones 254 AULANSAN SCLOPS OF LOOUsc acco semjaeaseeas coma aetes clos eeeeiee eaten ne 167,170 Prmnnare ppliie Wheat: [2-255 liiccsc2sSeshesesilsisii ky ce See eden _ 281, 323 Pane, HRIGINM DIOPARANON it.s25-. ccc. 4c .26722 25S I Secon eee ee 207 6 LL OL papell ell Silt ed ate See Rae ed aR dig eye ete folk 56 B. DAY alli ap cae LOL SER INSTA Olio cis ae ccc ce bocce we cee tec wene cteoces 257, 259 Base ee Perel nd ona ais cit ee ciese sooner sole 382 BOLL WON Sennen ne ae oo eee aces oe ic ees a Mean aioe 214 eevee, 13h, OTS comet catia ie wee~ oat naic a5 or sao nose soe Some Se SSAC SCS Ee 62 ouchton or, UanpanannocCkewhedtuecc tcc cs tte t nt eee n ees coe nc neces. 243, 362, 280 PIS, OKO GMa mee ie note ee oft oT re hos Seeees & POR 248 IOCO OS, Gal rmn Nic scssticatscte cael are state cee dates. 72 Reise COLein, WAdG.s apenas cated nec leeetasee ee eee cee lee week ese ces 378 PereeOn CHILNIG.> ac ache emee ans SLcEee Rees coun et Utaythesases oo. s- 286 LEC eat, NST tek ah ated ae saat ole 5 in fatale pele at de al es pel Sethe bt et A aa aia 379 iis INDEX C. Page. California agriculture..........2--- 2-2. -220 o- one eee ee eee eee ee eee 56, 373 ALOIS SMe Ioe ee aiel ainis wnete cis cise njecisiewsieise as acinw wininslemiaeteneomteces 381 CUTTS OSE ee Bee AR Se Sane Reece, eee 56, 373 SUILMGHITNTOMM aa oeoe tase sete oss econ «aac eleee ets eee eee ee 242, 285 SOG GIO G IES O NSS obetoacdes COOSA MOsE. Go aasMononceccosco désae 89 VS, GBIMVSES Chisasn aoe a aoenoe SoD pSomaee os gece ctan ps oaeesso5 87 @asmbianitany Olesen scien ciinis nin os)os sans sins osslocis eens ceacfee Goma ace meee 33 Chammnere andsangora goats... 2 -2-<3b£ joe - dene seein nice poneeeeae 254 WetonmllaricOnOn ge meeose ose cetccces dose cate cee cele Sane eens aeeeieee 249 Gait OmciseasesiOlee tern ccccac esau es be acemic assem tees atonlnccsnceceneeeeee 215, 133, 245 MMU IRIGEMESS ANY 2 = = si sain bie s SSeS sc ssi ke cesines eee ee eee 215 PlaoU eran at Mesmioe secs as ss cscs ea cisis aveinlun) cole cine Caae islenine erie 33 NESTUPSO LMA LLOMIN Ora me votninisina ie rmie (aio afainie inte wiaeieio eysiareiate ee nila se remioe 157 SHALVALLONNO Ly sees seis sloc -osacs ciceislse eae son bistiseel bee wemtec se lacieaeoets 2 140 Cesky Gi Ib glmivon 56 SSso 65 oceb po suee pee eodesaosobobace bacoes baedsacese. 32 WhamacyottcottonySeCSiecsim ao 2 oj<:c0n)<)0/a.n00 15 < Gisele ae sinele = ceee aioe nays atere 244 el erer ern aaV Ite ANDES oer ioee oes mmm ee p eer RH ieee oan = eee 327 SO, OKI RNG RAN AI cio ais oo one eon es eee seen ae eee 372 @hicken (cholera 22sec see Sas en cio a Haine wiore oS ee a clas oe een eyel aisle Sep emia 216, 218 Pmieinat, pork packing 10. ooo. «<< ale /ce mens absinthe nie a Remi 52 @olorado Arncoliural Society + <<<. <= 5 =- 22 ntne om SERRE eee Sel meieietems= 31 BLOWN CUTIE OMI eof ae anyon io al os sisi mnin jain im oe cl eee ae le seer 283 BAIT FORO UN CLS Ole aio elope ca open) we o's) a te aa ee eine eee 102 Condition of farm stock of the United States...-..---- -- 2. +s -s2=--------- 132 Pane ChICHT, \eLOps Olt COO se mann onan ce ineiniocin’ oa em cye a ow ag ene ae ae 163, 170 CDT GRO) WH INO 6 dS Sa paces oeG050 bandon 2S0e0e Coen soased ao ss 5e50s0" 356 Wor oukeeping sheepin the south... 2.2240 ncc chan oon eel ea eee iret eye he ee a ane ica aee Ss aaasoe 327 CEOBEIOL, WEOG lS. coc t- np ee oer epee pee en ee eee 196 LOPS WOts LOO Uist aiscm tee = mete aiateele ete ete ie 165, 170 decaysolachesinnt trees aN: ssc eec este eee eee eee eee eer 58 fread labor Is. .c---seseece~sascnessseme- seem saeee eee , 30 O. ES, VOLUN CU pec cen acer coe cee re career BAA peat nceeseoes Oey ae 207 (emo, ‘Crops Of, UBGGsso es tens Cee Sanco ceeds eceeetoe eet peas 168, 170 pening for capital and labora. wicnnps anisnacomsnnns nanan eagaie eens tek 29 Oregon, resources of....--- grrr te ern cee eee cee ee cence cece ee ceee eee 283 P. Rematic Mtates, ClOns Of 2 222 fea sess eho scSedae ooh sedi weesedons doneee serene 160, 280 TAT BOOK MN 2hoh wows cso tea eee see ka ss 22h5. oR eee 159 Reem TX POSIION a io o oo oes eee peer yee eens oes sn = eee 27 Feaches in Delaware and Maryland =----- --2----<---2»----2-----aeepeee 217 faeee, HHINMDL, NEW WANE IO ees nee coke Sese es Gor eSe ss oes. see 59 Domasy ivania, (cropsiol, 1866 <2 se. 2 oes ks Coe cheese oes ee eee gee 164, 170 POnAery, MANN ACLUTG Of ooo enon cit sine Seem Sec e eee ise oat bee eee 251 Peep ate, MunGrals Ok Wie oo woe id pod os ioe Seacoast eee 256 Pept pallecios concerming wool: 5-25 onde oe so os so os eee wee 367 (Epmenbeal ely sie tes tone BES GS ote. oo co lode eSoe sn cecledics niece's ees 61 Pik uence nn ChiiCarp. eto n oie Ss ese bees tee oe ext see ee 372 Cinpinnigii a foe oo koko eee sae. es 52° PROMO DUE see cere pet remeemsawon eee oes Cease BU me ons 2a 244, 285, 365 JL ES, 01 a cers eS SYREN. ST re, eee 32 100) See Se ae OH CO RES Ser onacE acne 0 Ua Ien RECO B eR EUR Ono muna oss: 28 IESSPULL Mya ISCASES imine eine cee oe are ia ee Oe ee ee Oa a eae 216 R. 12 TE SS Sores a eee ae ee ae OSCE Un at ee ere ioe ne) Jee ar ae 149, 202 Pema th WOE Eee bo ee, see peek ocebes . Wats ee ae ee ee 215 EEEDIE OL WHERE ecco po. ob as Seem oe rete oe Ue ee tne ee 71 PIB OL COLLOG REaIneE 2! oo. oto. eee ee Oe ee ce A ee 21 MEPHBLCDS Ot MOLCE OT ot. ob akc abi oa Rees pieces cae tas eat kee 283 Bipeema! vationinp cattle.» 2.0. ).--2-- Miceinc eee icseacceness ceteeeee 157 hadesasland-jerops ot, 16G0.== >. += 22 -oeeee ce sebeb er Lehre eke 163, 170 Hee nopsa Carona. 2620S 05 5h el bot ate aepoeueeente ste eee 3f ipiderpen eens ae mee te aoe ae se eee Shee > tape Leth aAeeen.s te rr 30, 37 INDEX. Ix Ss. Page. REI ULEE ao Sa pag A ao a NE 207 Salmon, propagation of, in Australia........ 2222/2222. 22222222. ole. 207 mult Lake City, serieultaral umitters tn -.2 2.2222. .6 2.222.222 Tl fe 104 EET CLL pase tele els ead ES Epes a= ae ee eh et Oe 281 Brats Cn RMINCOSEPAGE WILE s = : Soe ol oe ees ee pe ea 373 Subrammbnrttie HNGOY o> = 8-25 oun beb ens ae lee eee ee Ue 204 Peeeeee en MG 1 MINSIBSIDBL 23.2 —< 300 Sos eee e Sees os on Seed. Saves 30 Pe MeMEMEE DS OETA CHES SWIRLS 22 or Ree et kore ores tere erat bo ee ws ee a 32, 61 beep, cost of keeping in the south....---.-.--...--L...-+-.----- Sees eS 245 MBER OE eee eS alert Soo cutee eee acute canis ake OES Lo 142 CHblyolAMIDS cece eee Uk Doc a eee eee ee SS al ei, 366 SEED BUICER OS «cama n 25 ....5--.2.<-.2.~4 eeeee 106 Riera AC HILOTO oot oases hoe owns Hoe penn eae 377 IRR os a es a Ce Stk eee ean ee aa ree 70 OTE Base ooo So Sa 3 = nn hae ame eens 372 Piel ene I esas 5 a st en dees eee 382, 383 Teceipis Ot ereaastans at New VOrk’.----.2--¢=.-emssscneee see 372 sheap killedurmieeiee 22 2S) 2 SS cen deen oc dae esideoede 85 WESCS OF TunMblEaMOrCIne ceed ce at once ae ce ees oe Sea Seance se «tS eset Me os 2) Ree eee 371 PGE ses ee RR es Sok ee ed Sc oemacuin 16, 63, 334 x INDEX. Page. pitaw, the compasition and feed value of... .-22.2)-2 98 -s- 0. «2 eee eee 374 DUrar-Deeis, Cm mMmeMm i tao 255 Ne fos too s eee been eee es ee coe «eee 255 LA Tee ep yeu trata Ga ernie hae ie inca on ne ie 62 SOI pubs a remade FOR IILCOW < ook a0 5.0.2. Peo oe At ae eee cin i ae ee 60 be Memiperavure OF GHe Goll. 12. Soca te Lae Lee eee Ch ect 259 Wenn essce: crops sol 1866. seteke Ses eee seh leet esses 2 eee ee 167, 170 Reems CONS OL, MEMO Lem Etre tn Tee et oe the ks SER ee ee 166, 170 SSC P-RAISIN eee ee eee ere Sete eee eee ee a ee ee 102 Bebacco sTows Without suckers: 6227 Eat eee ee 363 AREA eAWIth San MeTanCISeO: saa m sans es ese See es Sar a | ee ee 373 Pmpicar produeqmnrhionday. "=! os ss reshert ser esl seater st ee eee . 326 Ue inierdr amino ype cee ee Ne Sone pe oe ne a ee 28 Wigan cotto ms te =. OPK See Sek es es ee a ee ene ee 242 Diba: fen ae Re ec me yee erties sas oa Sleisiera eee aes 30 V. RUBIES OTM OO Usa Scar aes e aot aceon eh otha one = ees See 95 MeLMNOHt. (CrOPSIO! NEGO). <5 2 dons~..ossee tn st ese ecleee casa lese es < serene 162, 170 FAME WANE oc ocensiet: sae eee eS ee eee Poe cee eet eee ee 245 PPTOUNIA, ChOp WIOSPOCtS Lc so — an. eae oeensceree see ee ee en cicion see eee 195 crops.0f, sLB00) 2.2. sto 8s ae nent ce cee see Se eae en acs aoe 164,170 freedinen im. soe ee ce oe nee Saeco moe kee ct tienciaci em eee 104 NVicrinInEeer Oats | 5-22 2's oe aee see cease een sane mide s fiancee mani san ase 207 W. WWiestern wheat culttire ruinous*s2ss55es2s352 ce 252545 S2s25s Sige 22S si8522 321 . WWieshWarginia.« crops in..<. Reais ae lela’ > ne aeons ym earn ae SD 340 WESLOLn ACouUnre THINOUS-22 5 eee ae eee eo oe ae 321 RVVetins PRN GCoLr tee sso net 1250 ole nur eats aoe ee ee he ere teed res CN 327 MakineetiNw ester New VOLK sssetsce 0 saeee ones eco ss. 104 WANES RO aI O Ler cement Sey PA VEN S 6 Ee oo et SDL!) eee 87 WHSCONSITIENEE es See Ra aan ss See Aka s cee eS Ue eT eee ON ee 169, 170 Wool, Wacsabianctaeec os: ectce, -t osetia tcc ne eeaten ese: Seer secon 33 CONSUMPTION Le teat ee en ee ees mel a eels cet e he ee Ue cake eee 16, 63, 66 INDEX. xI Page. Ge AUN PONG 3 een a aoa p aw aie mame a Aah Kite! aes we Sion 18, 248 On), Hany see ees no see Seance oe oe bees boas ke tocke eae 149 PYICES .----- ---- -- ---- eee ee ee eee eee eee eee eee ee eee 155, 246 ECT Guilin oe 2 eyetne teeter wy, 2 late ey a ed pe ae ce eR 155 Pepe taiaes CONCERN Doo. <2 sooo shes conn eee seme ne 367 (TSRGGS 2 See eaosecbooep as ececnor. + Soe eeo ese Sse eer ee ease ose 334 PMMIS LGR RSa hee crete asec Le ohne eee na eS ee Ree ae 334 we ‘etre. Stn o Hales ioe - US DoW ge aapans vm o> Or dsed- <9 lo b= Youd a Be ang rr fol mh pe Ny rewrne: “20 2a 6 EWSG = «0 iis W ee" : 7 - . ie at | i. @< = hho ¢4@n ad ere asm i) 29) peli i »: 7 Ee eee Oh a Maes mys te i wv s decve@ re OP aan odes + "eA is a” peel Shae *. ; tcl dees a8 sant ie MONTHLY REPORT THE AGRICULTURAL DEPARTMENT. JANUARY, 1867. WASHINGTON: SOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1867. % ' MONTHLY REPORP. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, January, 1867. This number of the monthly report contains carefully compiled and valuable statistics upon a subject of vital importance in this or.any other country—the rate of wages of farm labor. It is based on full returns from every State and nearly every Territory in the United States, and from nearly every county in many of the States. It has been a work of no small magnitude, accomplished with evident care and laborious research, and must be credited with a high de- gree of accuracy in its conclusions. It shows that the average rate of wages for farm laborers who board themselves, in the northern and western States, is $28 00 per month, or $15 50 when boarded ; in the southern States, for freed- men, $16 00 per month, or $9 75 with board. An increase of seventy per cent. since 1835, is indicated. A statement of the present average annual requirement of wool for consump- tion will be found to embody careful estimates of the native yield, and the foreign supply, both manufactured and unmanufactured. It will also serve to correct popular misapprehension of the present ability of this country to furnish its own wool supplies, without the necessity of any extensive importations of wool for the future, if this branch of industry should not be crushed out by dis- criminations in favor of foreign-grown wool. Interesting statistics of the agriculture of the kingdom of Great Britain, from recent official statements, are also given, not only for the information of the peo ple, but to show the steadily increasing prominence which civilized nations are giving to the subject of industrial statistics. A variety of statistical presentations upon various subjects, will also fie found in this number. R Particular attention is called to the circular, in accordance with a resolution of Congress, calling for:‘specimens of cereals for the Paris exposition. ISAAC NEWTON, Commissianer. 4 THE RATE OF WAGES OF FARM LABORERS IN THE UNITED STATES. In a single hundred years a change has been wrought in this country which may well challenge the admiration of the civilized world, and all that has been accomplished is the direct result of labdr, and of that labor, the largest portion, if not the most productive of net profits, is the labor of agriculture. Only one branch of agricultural industry is to be considered at this time. Farm workers are here farm proprietors. Scarcely more than one-fourth of those who obtain their living by agriculture, in this country, hire out their service to farmers fora monthly or other consideration. It is of this class that a system- atic course of inquiry in every State and Territory has been made, and it is, as is believed, the first attempt of the kind ever made here. * The result shows an increase of the rates of wages in five years amounting to about filty per cent. This is less than the increase of the cost of living; still the purchasing power of a month’s wages is probably greater than in any other country in the world. Harm laborers, especially in the west, can enjoy more of the comforts of life, and attain a higher rank in the social scale, than those of any other country. They do not obtain the wages conceded to mechanics and other classes, perhaps better entitled to be considered skilled laborers, yet they enjoy an advantage, which is a partial compensation, in lower rents and cheaper subsistence supplies, and fewer temptations to extravagance and waste. In view of the superior condition of the class, in comparison with rural laborers in other countries, it is not strange that the European peasant should covet such advantages, and seek them even at the expense of exile from the fatherland. Immigration.—lt is a suggestive fact that the immigration of millions of for- eigners has not, as native laborers once feared, proved a serious competition, reducing the rate of wages. On the contrary, it has advanced great public works which have opened new and wider fields of industry, and has pushed the native laborer into the artisan ranks and the sphere of skilled labor, with higher wages, more exercise of mind, and less of muscle than before. When it is remembered that in 1860 there were 4,136,175 foreign residents, and at least 5,000,000 at the present time, or one-seventh of the population, and a still larger proportion of the actual labor of the country, this result must be acknowledged to be convincing evidence of the great resources and vast power of labor absorption possessed by the United States. Increase of rate of wages.—More than thirty years ago Mr. H. C. Carey made the following estimate of the average of agricultural labor in this country: “Aoricultural labor has not varied materially in these forty years in its money price; but the variation that has taken place has been in its favor—the wages of men having been very steadily about nine dollars per month and their board ; but higher wages are now not very unusual.” The average for white labor at the present time, as presented in the accompanying tables, is fairly stated at $28 per month, or nearly $15 50 and board. ‘This indicates an advance of seventy per cent. in the lapse of a generation, mostly in the last six years, or fifty per cent. since 1861. 5 Table showing the average rate of wages of agricultural labor per month, when employed for the year, from returns from statistical correspondents, county clerks, and county auditors, made in December, 1866. ea © ow © S: a= Se a2 5s Es ES eRe os Be ra Pes re. States and Territories. i = a = ee) = ee: < ay : i Pa 2 mS 2.8 a 28 Pay Pay AY Pot MRO ieee Seite ae oe ree geccccc etc $27 00 $17 44 $31 76 $23 07 UNeVED ATEN DS WING te tele c\a scleaie aimee sue flan a nidie 32 74 2248} 39 12 28 43 DUIEITLORIMERR ery este LACE Vagus Li eet) ko 382 84 21 00 a7 44 mde MRA CHIISG@ULS) aioe s to Ricletetaa ees. asjen tnais 32 38 94 22 36 41 61 27 83 WTRILCM SEG tne Sty oi crs Geo oa claus amiarctee 34 40 20 50 40 00 26 33 WTB CIIC I Note te isle asia Nes suniciaccian se 34 25 21 54 39 66 28 30 Blaha pales eel ES oP so A Re 29 57 19 32 34 88 24 26 iMEen? digit te A SOs BRON ee AS ERO rs eeaerieee 32 27 18 98 33 13 23 78 iMeniasy heii). BRR ORE ee Oe ee aoee oe e nee 29 91 18 84 34 10 22 87 WG WVANS cts, 5 cc.= cs SORE OREN CLEC: 94 93 16 5. 26 25 15 25 WeVIA bse es ont ae cl aalnc alae oie olan sie na 20 36 12 76 23.83 15 58 7 TIS eh eS ee a ay Se a eo 14 82 _ 9 36 ere 12 09 RUMI UO OTOIM AE tata eta 5 doe aan eeele ease 13 46 8-15 15 18 10 00 MGI MMUAT OLIN ofo.5 2). Is cafais os se ace se ee 12 00 7 66 14 00 9 46 (iM SOMEND WE S18 Bean ABE apnea nent e aan Bee iaae 15 51 9 67 18 45 12 07 TET kagakoley Leet OA ee ee ee a ede Dera 18 00 12 12 20 55 14 46 Seeds BILGE IR ST SS I Se eee ae a 13 40 9 80 16 38 11 00 MUTSSIGRN (jae AOE eA ea OBE cere -eOBOO sor sec 16 72 11 58 22 58 16 30 MPA) IST Bess oP cee ree = ac Se iets ues alae sis . » 16 00 Sreriie it... ../. 5 cee: = CRA EA ATED are Nas Soda) SOME Crimpers... . e eg ee e Tie pele 45 71 One cause of high rates of labor in this country is the superior intelligence @ and activity of the laborers. Nowhere else is so much agricultural labor done 8 by machinery requiring skill and knowledge in its management, and accom- plishing marvellous results in its swift and efficient action. An English writer on political economy recognized this element of increase in labor rates when he said: “The average annual wages in England are three times as high as in Ireland; but as the laborer in Ireland is said not to do more than one-third of what is done by the laborer in England, the price of labor may in both . countries be about equal.” There is a tendency to a just equilibrium in the labor markets as in all other markets; and if laborers by superior skill and celerity of movement inay do double work, they will obtain, other things being equal, a double price. Agricultural machinery has done more in this country than anything else towards the elevation of labor. LOCAL VARIATION OF RATES. The “ Panhandle” of West Virginia is a notable example of high local rates of wages, as compared with the State average. Its circumstances have been peculiar. Hemmed in between Ohio and Pennsylvania, and with fair facilities for getting to market, it has developed higher skill and a better style of farm- ing than other sections of the State. The influence of slave labor in depressing rates of wages has aided in widening this difference and reducing the State average below that of the Panhandle. Sheep husbandry, which has here been successfully and very extensively conducted, (placing a sheep upon each acre of improved land,) has contributed to the high prices here prevailing. The comparison is as follows : - l Question 1.* Question 2./Question 3.|Question 4. | B31 75 | $1850] $37 00 $95 50 25.35) 16 47 29 34 21 20 ! The rates with and without board also differ widely—$13 25 and $8 88. Dairying —The dairy and fruit producing interests of northern Ohio have been of late unusually prosperous. Labor has been in demand at comparatively high rates, as will be seen from a comparison of the averages for the western reserve, the Miami valley, and the entire State: Question 1.* |Question 2./Question 3.|Question 4. Wiestermmeservel =o). sec... eee eee $30 43 $20 72 $36 24 $26 22 Miamiyalley --2. 222) 5-22 ces ane eee 28 79 18 75 32 71 23 08 32 45 23 15 MtceMOlios....J22s6.2 1. eee 28 46 18 i The difference in wages with board is not very material. The board allow- ance is slightly greater in the western reserve than the average for the State, and more for the “season’’ than for the entire year. ‘The reverse is true of the Miami valley. 7 * Question 1. Average wages per month (without board) of farm laborers hired for the year. Question 2, Average wages per month (with board) of farm laborers hired for the year. Question 3. Average wages per month (without board) of farm laborers hired for the séason or a portion of the year. Question 4. Average wages per month (with board) of farm laborers hired for the season or a portion of the year. 9 Wages in Indiana.—The average rate of wages of Indiana, south of thirty- nine degrees north latitude, and the average for the whole State, are as follows: a - Question 1.*|Question 2.|Question 3.|Question 4. Seuthermindmns?-2-0----. 23.25. 5... 422. $26 25 | $1856 | $29 24 $21 77» Mataatindianaces ee eel ck Ste Fe eS ee 27 71 18 72 dl 50 22 50 The average differences in board allowances are respectively $7 61 and $8 99. This average for southern Indiana, a region having in the past a reputation for comparative inferiority in agricultural improvements, indicates increasing skill in farm processes, and general industrial progress, and shows a close ap- proximation to the average of the entire State. Southern Ilinots—Southern Llinois, too, with its rolling surface covered with forests, and less desirable soils than those of the northern praiiies, has failed to secure hitherto so rapid settlement, or such an increment of improve- ment. Yet this region has its peculiar advantages, which have recently been seized upon by eager immigrants; and the results have been eminently satis- actory. ‘ The following exhibit of wages is shown: ghd taee 1.* Question 2. Question 3. Question 4. S21 41 SHELNELMMUMNOIS cio. sel. c/= Salasee a ccuectcc hn $26 06 54 09 | 23 30» 2 Brmiterateiilingis- (use a ce eco ss tees oe f 28 Nearness to cities —The influence of diversification of industry, and the con-- sequent withdrawal of labor from farms to manufactures and trade, increasing the price of farm labor, as well as of farm products, is shown in the average for St. Clair county, opposite St. Louis. Question 1.*/Question 2.|Question 3.|Question 4. ob EDI 1 ae ea $40 00 $20 00 $50 00 $35 00 Omitting from the table the vicinity of St. Louis, the showing for southern Illinois is as follows : Question 1.* Question 2.|Question 3 |Question 4. Southern Wimormere sn 2a2 505. does akecas $24 83 $16 62 G98 85 $20 06 Easy transportation and skilled labor—The advantage of facilities for trans- portation are shown by the increased rates of wages near navigable rivers and * Question 1, Average wages per month (without board) of farm laborers hired for the year. Question 2. Average wages per month (with board) of farm laborers hired for the year. Question 3. Average wages per mouth (without board) of farm laborers hired for the season or a portion of the year. Question 4. Average wages per month (with board) of farm laborers hired for the season or a portion of the year. 10 lines of railroad. This is conspicuously seen in a comparison of the river. counties of Kentucky with those of other portions of the State. Other elements of difference appear in a comparison of the river counties of the Kentucky side with those of the Ohio shore. A more diversified industry in Ohio, and the employment of free instead of slave labor, enter into the calculation and make a material advance in the rate. The following table exhibits nearly as great.a ‘difference between the river counties of Ohio and, those of Kentucky as exists ~between the latter and those of thesentire State : Question 1.* Question 2.|Question 3. Question 4. Se Blatevot Kentucky:ers-222 2 Sac ese ces River counties, Kentucky River counties, Ohio $20 23 24 23 23 27 $13 65 16 36 17 36 $17 06 20 36 22. 3a Free labor influence—The influence of changing the system of labor in a State from slave to free is illustrated very conspicuously in the belt of States from Virginia to Missouri. Virginia has been @ivided for several years, and that portion west of the mountains, formerly in comparative discredit as an agricultural region, shows a much higher rate of wages than Virginia proper. . . . Slave labor, for several years, has scarcely been known in. a large portion of y 6 Missouri. The following is a showing of the rate of wages for these States: Question 1.* | iinounia ous eee ee sine epee. he eee $14 82 WrestiViteinia. 22... 22205.ss2c5.scscecen 25 35 URRMME 55965055 Sosdsasos6esecos sooses 20 23 IMSS OUD ea oeci=f 2 cclcmcan oes ee cee = eee 26 75 Question 2. £9 36 16 47 13 65 18 08 BOARD OF FARM LABORERS. Question 3. Cf www ee Sw op 0 09 2% Om — | Question 4. $12 09 21 20 17 06 21 56 The difference between wages without board and the rate allowed when board is furnished by the employer is naturally found to vary quite regularly with the ‘cost of food products, the rate being higher in the east than in the west, and higher still in the territories of the Rocky mountains, but.less in California than in Massachusetts. corn meal and bacon, is of course ver y low. betweer labor with and without board may be too small. and supplying these laborers varies so much with circumstayces that our corres- pondents found it difficult to reduce their information to the system required. The following is a statement of these differences in monthly pay on account of board, averaging $6 26 in the southern States, and $12 51 for the other States : Sa Vee Seat ere Gh Selick 2 seu ony New Hampshire .......... 10 76 Vermont; ..:. SO See T1 84 MASSACHUSELIB = << i.< v0 esa he 16 58 Hirogs sland <3. .% 2 ete) c 13 90 Connecticut ......... Pe ert! bom. New York.i..... New Jersey...... Pennsylvania ...... Delaware. c.% cies Maryland... 2)... +.» ... In the south the board of freedmen, consisting mainly of Possibly in Alabama the difference The mode of hiring eee wee ee 11 68 7 60 * Question 1. Average wages per month (without board) of farm laborers hired for the year. year. season or a portion of the year. farm laborers hired for the season or a portion of the year. Question 2. Average wages per month (with board) of farm laborers hired for the Question 3. Average wages per month (without board) of farm laborers hired for the Question 4, Average wages per month (with board) of North Carolina............ Houth Carolina’. ..2le.ws os. BREDEGID «..'«

a (ig tee EVSSsSC5gs =) on " ra} B I i ie 3 Cup a bp 4 bo 2m oem Sa 8 pe to BHO. 'y i eS ' .? ns o aa. - Bee ead geek Ageaot Rogar g beROo Rt ty oS eiip 8 8 ock ese ae geoogea rc bosaa si gaelses B S888 saz ee gible ee 34 g POC LEE S ; ) m tes ‘ arnt a es fase val vere SSaoqgCCoosSmePasvsspagshfwo co SsassseeFPgauu. SOPHESS SH OME aatd'g oo SES SEERR BSCS CUSa esr etae ® croc sgsgeegooss ArsSsdoonnmS RHOOLBESS = = ASRMPaRAAAMOMPROMsnmnAM & BEPHROPARHHS EaanOrataco Comme RAR 96 Value of food—Continued. Kinds. IV. Green fodder—Continued. Sand lucern, beginning of flower .--..... Honeysuckle, in flower........---...---- Clover, incarnate, in flower.......-...--- Clover, hops, in flower...........-.----- Mavadella anMOWEL. sccm cn mncacninien seine s CRA MELO CT ao. cen miem ole oleinnln ain minlalein(oi = Vetches, in flower ROS Tet OW Of se ae oem ame on mmeeinio Rye, green fodder LY VADAT OCW See Se Se ec aoe MBLZCOALIV CIN om aisles mae eee rience Millet, mobar, blooming..............--- WIGS Rife eee Se ee a Bs ee MUNLLeICADDAPC-.... 3-2 xioidnciacjowseeceseetee ADDAPORLENIS- = ~~ soscee eens saep ee eae IBESt ICAVER - 6 << eee nit ems oe epemceciewinc es aTrOMOAV GS -o-neabncececeees en gehie se Eknm and poplar leaves -.--....----.-..--- Artichoke Stems - ~~. --..-- Hi76; (COND) ce toe ce erieminsoscieee a-preeber Buekkwheat <6 iis ab case scisls coccmemeceewe IMOLCRES [a -(omie wcreinja'sicionicieies o> saeco meee PROBE Re elem sate miots wim actol= Seinio wis cinemas Site Horse beans LUGS Ssceseoeeee scenes hpasSouenScas50- HEN PINGS eosin oc= = beesosccessccocsss: Barley and vetches, ground together..... L Acorns, peeled and dry .......-..-..c.--. Acorns, unpeeled, fresh Chestnuts, peeled, fresh WEA IRCEM lee cece < an mcm win mini MUN BECO es cacisins ca ceiccecsccue Grikeeaataned) inn. '. ace oss weiss eentostennee PEVEIR RCE Meee one ciein ee ences ee eee Ivy yy Geel asc osos soso ese poceeos ésisee VII. Refuse materials from technical pursuits, Beet-BuCar Cake ccc cece meee deco eS Other reuse eees eee, poeBnOS- Potatoes, refuse, (left from distilling)..... Rye, refuse, (from distilling)............- PERCENTAGE OF— | Water. WOPVE VE SSASH HADDIN MOCMDWOOM ~3 eoonnmooooanwnwoosouroonceo 74. 9.2) Lest os sates ies alt mawnonoocouncocoe — L Listing WWORTWHWWOWAAE me OND ee PNP NROSSOSN WWSOWRWOSCON Bee = t -~ WMONVWWOSCAIR OH = . . . . . > WOW RK DMRHONIAUANOVWNOUH fe) s WwW ow ws Wraes SCORSCOCUNOCHNHAUNOCVIHRRIWAWD PROP EPP ODE RE peep TRO OUR PS ERO WON NNN WNWNNENWSN Le ee SONMMMOOM: SCwWEOCONWODOCUVMUOCUUWRHODTAWAROES*O eS rice Ashes. NTWOMAMWCWORKP HH DRROUNWUDLIO eco - Or Nutriment contain- 20, ing nitrogen. Le i ae WO Pd ork S Wt 68 69 09 29 So WONWDHMNMNOHOWWHNWANINWS WOHARBDBWwWURSOKH CO SOCOCWUODUNAMOCOMNOCNONSDONS 5 Nutriment not con- taining nitrogen. [ell welll eee _ = SYM E89 OVO S 90 90 SI GO BELO S.G0 AMNOMWMNWwWwowoWSeDMnnooIWOn = TRF ODWWRH DO or POU SVOUS CU Sa ONO 09 ROSS) ws (ISOS Has ADO HLOOCNUDHOCONWNHOHPOSHAONNDMHDA | Woody fibre. PAX ANN REE Svat or Sug go xt tO BOOWMDOWUNNVIOWUNUIAHHOMUN Sn al eels als ie SoconwwtwowrH e Hs = Ht PN SRDS ee RES SV OV ONS SO = SS ry eH BPR WNODUMAUOUNVOURWOUNUNAIS POEwn DAO 09 Total amount of CUNO MWDUNCOANHYWAAUROD rFPONnNNOWwWnrRnvnanoO MONOUWUMIARUIDODWWRDODOHOOIDMOD nutrition, ~ ary ~ _ SERPS SSriressssssess> essssssssse MOM ROM RH eH ow : POD ARMANNNYNYUNYRVYP VE EE SBOSSCOMNWWWODOUAUOCOCUUDowMnwnN 02 He CO Pe eoiet Sess mH KH 29 MONS UC RECN OUD AP ODAD Phosphorie acid. HOH HOH OOH HHH REPS UY essssssssssssssssss a) RBHOCNWWODDDODWHNORK KH WNW KU essssssssss S io 6) NEPPPSSsSHtrsHrsesressssssrss je.) 1 SR ee SS re ee Cl sosssssssssssssssss WUNMCORDVNIVIONWHK UOCUAU essssssssss DAIWA IMO IWwW HADWHWUADDHSMDINIBDR sessssssssssssssesssssosss aw C= i i e295 ee ESna 97 Value of food—Continued. PERCENTAGE OF— ANMASDHNDNDOSSSHMHrONDH SASSO TRADMAAYMO NAM OO er hie esha e gleleie pe) A aie ING) 6) ol ates t= 6) 56) <0 NOHO HID Se AAONN A Ae a OS cae ee es ee ee ee eee ery *proe ooydsoyd PTA Te |W eam Same NG cing es eceteseres erase le ‘yuoulaynU NOMSCHOOHORNIMNG im iiss Se Se ke ee eter cai: oe Ment, wi tamenns i=) iO =H ED ee aa a CSESRESSSRSE IG iii: CORI MOWOMNWOID HOD Press PESTLE STRIATE sli) 0 8) one Oe SP eee se ee ie 8 6. iw . ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ orqy Apoo MA Sr wor isis deigiis io boon 6 te oe oe oe Boe | ' LP | eee “qoSoayra Surarer NAMINMOIRINMErARINOMHOINS z (11) MoitassHisdrconisoiissad T109)}700 FUSUIEI NN, AH & DISS HOMO a SASCMIMDOMNHAMNODHOWMDSOMHION ‘mod0.ra SUL “TTB LOD YUOUTTY NAT lov] SAQA R oD WNDOrrmAOHAMOHrOMroots RUS roe a Ne, Lelie 0 Sire. a) ate, m Cle) Bi 6) 6 ‘SOUS W *10}j BU OTUBTIC, SPSS 05 ess ig ci aie aici cis id ANDIN MOD DDO &e as oO S 90. 90. 1 94 64 | AD G2 GRAD HW OO 619 WIN HOD SHH CRO | Ot Sade mo pe areensane FOC Gate Oe Sie A) ee eee 0) Way Bate OU RD oo feel OE ieee aR Se shane uae iat “fe Sra ese 2a Oe ee ee ee Sar A ARC i er a a NC ee ~ Bets oe a Ea 8) em emery SO (Maal Pg ee =] Ce AOC Cea OMe oe ene SR Ug a ame eam ir res oct tied ets Noel) dest nas: 0! pyle” epee Oe a etn See PMc enters aa enon dee sae taMigeee = 2 NS aot te) Meee a) th) OY eee (eee ee a - a= aa og Ged ong eet oe ra ae RED ge ct at ea 3 Ba eta Nath tested adblbetuatenb bed id =e fr emai ag = (SR & ape t= eda Daal aaa Ti Degree a ace ee S Sipe tin eee et peers t—— ie: ener i Se a ee pe raet S Geese esol aso Pe! i} fe SReAR a Saeo kee o om tt é SUlVISA OS Fonsosia': ana go Tew laa oee a Ro sAGsee Sy Shank eoring ia Heood Oa on guusog ASHLELZo aksosk4#seas SSS EGE CSR ee asesse = MAP eOomManmaAgeoO 98 ‘puvyary Ut papupour pue ureyig yeory UI popnpoxe av soinysed [[TY sw ‘opqvredurod you ote pUL[eAT UY PUB TPVIE FBT) UE “Roy yong puv gGe¢ ‘cep ‘T B08 ‘LEE ‘23 SOT ‘PSE ¢ex ‘080 S6P ‘PSP CPO ‘LES CLG ‘109 804 ‘SEG &LG ‘GEE 000 ‘P16 999 ‘S6P “IT ESh ‘ELT 'S PSL ‘L8G ‘6 *sdo.o W109 Japun [e}O., Bae OES eal telat babe a a | ee | ae ae ee fal ome ari 186 ‘296 'F 000 ‘SF6 6 000 ‘FES EGR LGET. er Sse is | So ele ie oii aera 60E ‘086 ‘9%}| 68S ‘Fas ‘EF | 000 ‘LPL ‘89 | 000 ‘189 ‘b% 09% ‘296 ‘el eve ‘pg | 169 ‘6rL‘T| 2ze6‘e8T | 800 ‘8L6‘9| 166 ‘ELG ‘9| STH ‘Sc S| POT ‘GO9"E | 68S ‘10F ‘8G | 000 ‘OTE SFI] 000 ‘0L0 ‘Fe ee6 ‘gar ‘1! 9FS ‘Ten ‘1! 46 ‘STF ‘T| Ges ‘LOT ‘T| Ste ‘LTH ‘S| FEO ‘go's €S9 ‘OLS S| OBE ‘ZEB ‘LT | TSG ‘90¢ ‘26 | 000 ‘LBL ‘GET} OOL ‘LES ‘LE SEES eS LTGEOO : £96 ‘GFL GOP GL LeE‘LPS | OST ‘OIL | 8G4 ‘F08 LLG ‘Tes ‘b | 000 ‘IG ‘L | 000 284 'F ee rece eS GGG COL 080 GST | P86 (9LF E19 ‘93 | SIE POL | 0&L ‘PGL OFS ‘FSO ‘G | 000‘L19‘8 | 000 ‘899 '& 064 ‘6 QC 'P eee ‘eet | 682 ‘09 ‘T| FOL ‘OST ‘T| GLZ8E8 | FES ‘SFO ‘T | L8E ‘BEL ‘1T | 000 496 BT | 000 “108 ‘F 18h ‘FL Go EFS ‘BT B9T COL | G86 ‘nig | FO6‘LES | FBG ‘PHS £€8 ‘010 'g | 000464 F | 000 SPL a 66 ‘OL Teh ‘19 C88 'F6 16S (ELF ORG T18 6LT 489 BPP ‘OFT 6 0GL SES ‘¢ | 000 ‘BSE ‘6 | 000 £99 T CRE SOR EI iia nee 000 ‘F&L | 000‘L28 | 000‘%FG | 000°E19 | 000 SIL 000 ‘866 ‘OL | 000 ‘LFS ‘LOT| 000 ‘G20 “F 2S 2 Se SISOS ESOS SAAR ANS. | CAA L6S ‘69F ‘F| S8h ‘B6E ‘e| GE9 ‘269 ‘E x 000 ‘1S ‘LL | 000 ‘TL0 ‘6% gover ie 18h ‘FT | SSL 2 89 ‘269 ‘T| LLL ‘SSL | PLP ‘O0E 96L ‘6FS ‘ST x) 000 ‘Sz ‘0G | 000 ‘664 'C | a ais tl 190'GF8 | LL0 09 €6 ‘GGL ‘S| Gee ‘LES ‘%| PEE ‘G8E‘E | LOB ‘POL ‘SG | 000 F96 9S | 000 8cl & ° ee Ea ea ES ° od 4 4 iW teu 2 ee em 2 2 |lasneit| #2 | 83 - ZI = z E : s B gio. = SF 2 0g 4 sl fast OS etip a a Ean e rs 5 Ae. ie Ba? Bo Se rete BS 2 e 5 ‘ re |Facee| 88 B2 . a § =] a) S = Ma 7g o- 2 u FE 3 a ier e Eh Sf ° # = 5 Beas a a5 a ag pei of ene < . ene | be *sdoa9 1109 J sou 4nyeys FSS 3voI10 p 0 eS a JopUN (se10B 04N{BIS YSYSug Ul) osvo19V 4 aS a iB coer 9S8T F98T €98T C98T 198T 9981 998T 9981 *SUINJoI 03BaI0B Jo o}Rq “sprog oor t ‘area poxmm ‘srod pur suvoq ‘ofr ‘gyno ‘Aopreq ‘j[ods puv ywoyAd Jopun oSvea0v [B40,L, | asnjsed yueuvutsod ,, LopUN O5BAI0B OY} JO SUAINJOI OUD « accsis:)ch: | aes DUN LOZ TAG + sine sein cinic/= eee ae eaaneme | (SULLTLY -o1 4803e]) ‘VIMO A Suppnyour ‘Ayey7 (SULIM9L 4807 BT) ‘royuoaz Arpyyror oy} puw ‘ord 7, ay} ‘eurmoyng (‘MooBIg 4doo -xo) ‘BIoTyey) JO aATSnpoxe ‘BIdyS “Ww ----(sumjod 4soyep) ‘a0uR1 F worerssss* TONTBOEL “purelloH pinipinieiswricininmiceicls(=/5>.°)-\°.0\=/-/- TIA BET SOS SCSI COMICS SIISSN A AKe L0G PEGE pres -ce seme TICOLd Ss Leue Gy rivinieie\niei-laieinini=ainieiaieiin ions sei (OPO AN DO DOCRDORCICG COD OCC OGIO OEY alee Vids pouuryD pue uv jo o[sy sur -pnypour ‘MOopsUry POA) oF [BI0T, OS SDCIGRAOT | ISIE OS GOS IES ona) 20 E Ue} 7Ber4) *sorLIyUNOg ‘SIVLJUNOD UFLILOL SNOLLDA UL PUD WOPSULNT PIP] AY} UL ssvus pun sdo1o sapun asvaiov pun ‘DaLo ‘uoynjndog ‘SOLLSILVLS ITVYALTNOMSV NVAdOWNA 99 0 $9.108 ‘cpp ‘% pus ‘spaeAouta Japun o19M g0,108 ‘TLP‘g ‘o0ueR.g UL ‘spavfouta dapun o10M soa08 CCC J 060 SFP GP I ¢ wT UF J g ‘SprvAoUlA Jopun a1oM Ppp'g9 ‘PUL[IEZIMG uy pues !sparourd Aapun otoar Tze ‘cge‘] ‘VISNY Ur {sprmMoas aayo Apu ato soaoy GLG‘OLE'T ‘AyeI] UI {seeq] payeanmo ‘pS BLBAR_ ut ‘sdo1d pouo}ueM-9a0qe oY} Japun puLvy oy} 0} UoOT}Ippe UI—"aALON ‘sdod0 W100 JopuN 9SvaioR WIA papnyouy iL *pourez1edseB 40K || ‘ow ‘samnjsed yuouvutiod Surpnpny y ‘sornjsed [[I sarpnyouy f ‘O73 ‘IOAO]D Jopun pue ‘929 ‘aaeq (‘s90}R30d 4da0xe) ‘sdo10 Wo0IS topuNn oSvatov [voy } “*puvlealy Ul pepnpoul puv uleyig yvol4y) UL papnyoxe ore sornysed [Iq SB ‘o[quaeduLod JOU a1v pULad] Ul PUB ULBLIg }BoI4) UT ,,oAnjsed yuouRUIIEd,, JopuNn oSvea.lov Vy} JO SUINjoL OL, x OLS 'TI6 ‘8% 66 ‘E99 ‘Ee OLS ‘TLL GEO ‘PEO ‘E #SG ‘cz ‘E 629 ‘898t Ca ‘LB6 000 ‘006 ‘F * 860 ‘300 ‘OTs PIS ‘BPI ‘IL ‘O79 ‘SMopBont puoURUIag ‘sornjsed Teh ‘2e¢ ‘¢§ LBL ‘98T ‘B1§ PEP ‘OE ‘T 0@8 ‘TEE ‘9 LBL ‘L68 L6G ‘99 008 ‘OGL 906 ‘PGT GOF ‘O94 ‘T 000 ‘ogg ‘6 4 GIL ‘Fag ‘e S6F ‘009 ‘T PCG ‘F69 ‘S “money -O1 JapUN sassBIs 19qjO pue [egw pue 19A0[D Ce ee ea a ul} Ih I Ih "777" poyeys GON il seal I eal “"">"peyeys JON | LLP ‘608 ‘T GIS ‘PSP LI8 ‘OF 8PT ‘80 ‘T G6E ‘160 ‘FT G86 ‘S16 ‘Fb £68 ‘6LE ‘T S6I ‘068 BOE '8h0 GI ‘6ST PEL ‘60L LEE ‘LGB L¥6 ‘18 068 ‘696 996 19 GEE ‘OES PEL ‘PSL - | 819 6L 186 ‘C9 E&I GLI ‘T G29 ‘810 'L GBP ‘90% 89F ‘COL GEL ‘69 CFB LCG GPL ‘LSP L8G ‘683 O16 ‘09 8F6 ‘LOL £90 ‘GOP 9S ‘LOL GhP ‘GE GeO ‘G 9LI ‘69 siteeteteeessecs|sneeesnsecessees[ercrereeenessees|steteseerererers| Onn fee 813 ‘F00 ‘T 0c0 ‘Sco ‘¢ 664 ‘BEL G19 ‘OLL -609 ‘SSS *L 090 ‘8% 160 ‘GBF ‘T Gs ‘06 "| O81 ‘TRE 61F ‘060 ‘T LEG ‘696 O&S ‘eG¢ ‘E €F6 ‘SE9 PPL LIPS CS ‘BOP iss} cl io) 4 ac} = ° = &. S I 33 ee ig S a z ae Bee - aS) 5 nd inci pa oR 23 3X = ° pitas S @ SS Bes Do 8 Pa oP 2 Le] me ‘sdo10 Wd0Id JopUN (Se19v 04NjZL48 YSI]sug ut) osvoa10Vy 998T 9981 *| ‘suamyor eSvaroe jo oIeq FS oie #igleiclela's\sise Sei nee © ele wie tea a UE LO a Tan > (SMIN4A.I 480}B]) “VITAE A Surpnyour ‘ATeyT eyeterer=her={ayais/= (avenmictafe mo 2/0! a}eIap=\ ala eles = ee eae ah anata BULLY -91 480}R]) ‘detjUOaZ ArvyzryIU ay} pue ‘Jordy, ogy ‘BUTAL -oyng (‘ModBID ydeoxe) “BIOl[RH JO OAISN[OXe “BLIySHW Sei (SUIMjat Jsoye]) ‘OMB. ‘ -7> UINIS[ogD piaieferalete\e' olor lobes Un Care ereiSis stelels siersidie:s cielo \aieln) sizinie(ieic cup a (cle) sie oir ee oe Lea ST IIS ICC II IOI I SOS FYE LETG YET LAN, lapmii= inte) =i atel=\=/ei\=laierel= = ait Siete moe ome eT Ot) xT ena ULCERS we ete e eee cece eee cee eee e erence ere eeseese== = TOpIMG era eee emo Sse eseie eres icamhed a ogeaae aw rare SUOLESS [8 Ul CALLERS SAO) pue uvjyy Jo opsy Sarpujour ‘mopsSury popu) «oF [2yO7, FO 0895 SSO RGEC ESR AIOE Sie IIIS ISS SISOS TERT ereletaim[areie le lesa'ai~ cin iernim)==lninielmi ee esi ae ee emer eT ey OLE) ‘Soljunog “PONUIUOH—s92.19UN0I UF2L0f SNOLUDE UL Pun WopSuIyT pajug ay2 uw ssv1F pun sdosa sapun aFva tov pun ‘vaso ‘uoynyndog LE : f s d d 100 STABLE-FEEDING OF COWS. A paper has been received upon stable-feeding and its effect upon milk pro- duction, written by Dr. Rhode-Eldena, of the Royal Academy of Agriculture in Prussia. A translation has been made, from which the following statement is condensed, showing the result of actual feeding fora series of years. The num- ber of cows, aggregate quantity, average per cow, and maximum yield of the ‘ best cow, are given for each year : PASTURING. Year. No. of cows. | Milk, quarts.| Average. | Maximum. PSS ee hee ens Se pels SR coiled 67 100, 000 1, 493 2,408 US As tao acqc se ne te eee ee oc pateee ss 63 100, 000 1, 587% 2,375 ESS Se eee ae eens tere be 70 96, 945 1, 385 PAB} iG ae tS eS ad ae 57 79, 727 1, 400 2, 180 CE ae ERE: Bees Ty ERT Fy 7: AT 73,724 1, 569 | 2, 287 ISSSi Mite cece ses eee eR eee Re eee eee 49 83, 291 1,700 | 2,591 ¢ 1859 2 ews cot cicn cece select ccm csae see 40 77, 634 1, 941 2,938 } | STABLE-FEEDING. Year. | No. of cows. Milk, quarts.| Average. | Maximum. SHOR Bessie de ass eee ates ce eos cee 29 79, 766 2,750 4, 030 ICES. GSO Seer eae Eee erere Bee 37 115, 963 3, 134 3, 830 LERD DES Sa Rie ES AES See eS 38 111, 310 2,930 4,150 fags ee be REE eR OS 36 129, 600 3, 600 4, 800 SRS RO 7s RTE TS Ka ea 36 126,223 3,784 5, 092 MED ce teins hs )s.2 <5 see ceteo sisieys oo same 36 Ge | 140, G00 3, 900 5, 000 RSGOE capes Ne cee ee oet che onc <9 ae ee 30 39, 300 4, 000 5,110 Manner of feeding —During the winter season the animals are fed with clover hay, &c., and roots, sometimes potatoes, while in summer they are sup- plied with green clover, cut vetches, and often seradella (newly introduced for green fodder) in the fall. In addition oil cake and from eight to ten pounds of rye bran are administered. Mr. Hermann writes on this subject : “In fhe winter, when I had scarcely any dried clover, and when my roots were all gone, I fed to my flock 400 pounds of rye bran and 50 pounds of cake daily, with hay morning and evening. Before this I gave 10 pounds of po- tatoes, 300 pounds bran, and 50 pounds of cake, the yield of milk being the same—that is to say, 100 pounds of bran is equal to 10 pounds of potatoes. I always use bran and other materials in their dry state, as being more digestible than when wetted and mixed.. When mixed with hay or straw such quantities are devoured by the animals that the bowels are stuffed too full, and thus calves are thrown dead sometimes. This opinion has been sustained by experience, though, thinking that water is not so quickly available in the secretion of milk, I now give the rye bran in a wet state, as the quantity of milk is of great im- portance. The annual expense for bran and cake amounts to $30 per cow; quite a large sum, but not too high for cows averaging 3,784 quarts of milk, which, at two cents per quart, amounts to $75 78, leaving a balance of $45 78 in favor of the cow, paying not alone for board and attendance, but also pro- ducing stores of most valuable manure.’ Mr. H. reached these results by eee uty improving his stock and gradually 101 7 increasing the rations of food. In 1860 all poor milkers were discarded and their places supplied by superior Dutch breeds.. The following figures show the increase of milk from cows of pure Dutch pedigree : 1860. 1863. 1865. Cow No. 4, quarts of milk ........ _ eae 3, 636 4, 570 4, 960 Gow Nest iquaris of milk 5 5s oe eo 3, 640 4, 440 4,710 Gow Nova, gearinob milk. 2.6 J welese cae. sss 3, 804 4,180 4, 620 Cow No. 18, quarts of milk ..... Spb Oe eee 3, 550 4,438 4, 490 Cow incu, quaisof milk ......<.52-5--.-- 2, 804 3.975 4, 365 Gay erect, quarts of milk .. 2.022258: 2... 3, 293 4, 483 4, 800 eto g. quarts.of milk . 2.525 22225525048) So. 4, 422 5, O16 Memeeeter > (Qunttis Of milk 35.05 2eecqe eee | et ee 4,768 5, 009 MuneNe2i, quarts of milk .. 20.0022. 656026 ee 5, 092 4,900 Then in gradually increasing the amount and quality of food the yield ot milk is increased as a natural consequence. Mr. H. thinks he has not yet at- tained the maximum of feeding, hence not the highest yield of milk. DECREASE IN SIZE OF EUROPEAN FARMS. With the increase of population comes the division of estates and the reduc- tion in the rent of individual holdings of real estate. The French especially have suffered from the minute division and subdivision of paternal acres, tend- ing to an uneconomical culture, the neglect of machinery and disuse of domestic animals as a motive power in agriculture. European governments are becoming alive to the evils of too minute subdivisions on the one hand, and to those of very large and neglected estates on the other. The government of Prussia has of late been buying up some of these large estates, and selling out in small parcels. The result of its recent census shows the aggregate amount of land in farms, and the average size both of large and small farms. 3 Total acreage and average size of furms in Russia in 1816 and 1860. LARGE FARMS. SMALL FARMS. Provinces. 1860. 1816. 1860. Total acres. |Acres.| Total acres. |Acres. | Total acres. |Acres. LEGER eee ees 2,601,760 | 131 | 2,996,764 | 140 486, 975 16 Prussia (proper) 22 55.-45.2 10, 104,887 | 121 | 10,176,410 | 120 503, 319 6 Posen (Prussian Poland)-.-...| 3,374, 536 70 | 3,459, 678 71 299, 794 8 Silesia,.:.° 5: Jeeee sees fa 8 4, 091, 847 50 | 4,692, 880 67 | 1,219, 450 5 Branden bULow se eae ck se 2 5, 427,869 | 109) 5,639,171 110 431, 807 7 DAaAxOny (CE TUssiaI) eee aoe 3, 907, 084 99°) 3,839,255 93 706, 187 6 Westphalia)... uaa sce 3,990,450 | 111 | 3,629,573 | 101 | 1,186,994 12 102 EXTRACTS FROM CORRESPONDENCE. SHEEP-RAISING IN IOWA AND TEXAS. Van Buren county, Iowa.—Under the present system of revenue, labor pays heavy tribute to capital. Query: Cannot the poor in this climate avoid this burden in a measure? To thisend I bought eight sheep of very low merino grade, with the following results : To cost of sheep, eight head ....-. ..---- ------+-- 20.2 eee eee eee $20 00 To cost of hand spinner.... .--.-..---- +--+ 2-22-22 cece eee eeeee 10 00 Ma cost of carding wool. /.\.\.\.- 52 22--0---5) = bigemeen eee ere 1 25 To cost of cotton yarn......--------- 2 eee eee eee erento eee 6 00 To cost of weaving .---.- ------- 2+ eee eee eee ence ee eee eee eens 6 50 * 44 26 By thirty yards of flannel, at $1 20....-.---------------- $36 00 By ten yards of jean, at $1 50...---..--------- pe A ond = 15 00 By three pounds of stocking yarn, at 31 50.....-..------- 4 50 —— 55 50 Profit first year... ..-..- 22-0. cece eee ence ee cee eee ees 10 25 The flannel and jeans are better than can be purchased in the stores at the figures given; and the above shows that when the wool is manufactured at home, sheep will not only pay for themselves in one year, but allow a profit for labor food and care. A great desideratum is a good, cheap hand loom. This year I have doubled my flock and shall continue the experiment. Selma, Bexar county, Texas—lI have resided in western Texas for thirty- one years, and have no hesitation in stating that in my opinion no country is better adapted to raising sheep profitably than western and northern Texas., Our winters are mild, and the sheep require no feed except the grass which they get in abundance on our rich prairies, and the only expense attending the raising of sheep is giving them the proper care and attention and the necessary labor of shearing the sheep. In area Texas is larger than the whole of New England and New York combined, and can raise enough wovl to supply the whole United States and still have a surplus to export. All that is needed is capital and enterprise. The land is already here; the finest pasture that man ever trod upon, and good both summer and winter. Good land is selling from one dollar to one dollar and fifty cents per acre, choice locations; and I will guarantee to any man a well watered and timbered farm for $1 50 per acre, suitable for raising horses and sheep or for farming purposes. DAIRY PRODUCTS IN KANSAS AND COLORADO. Centralia, Kansas—From my experience in dairying here, a good native cow will produce 400 pounds of cheese in the season, the average price of which is 15 cents per pound, making $60, and no expense to keep up grass for grazing. Butter and cheese of a superior quality can be made from pasturage on prairie grass, and finds a ready market in the western mining districts, at the average price here of 20 cents; cheese, 15 cents. ‘This region is unsur- passed for stock raising and dairying, and Kansas will yet figure largely in her reports of the production of stock, wool, horses, and mules. Glen Grove Ranch, Colorado—I am but a small farmer and stock-grower, yet am fond of experimenting. In 1865 I milked six cows and made 923 pounds of butter, bringing in our market 84 cents .per pound—$775 32; profit 103 on hogs fed on milk, $57 90; raised six calves worth $100; total product, $933 22, averaging $155 54 per cow. My cows are only common stock, but I am turning attention to improving, particularly for milking qualities. * * * We have native currants here in great variety, black, yellow, and red; also a native cherry, very prolific, which grows from two to six feet high, and might be improved by cultivation and a change of climate. CROP PROSPECTS IN MISSISSIPPI. Issaquena county, Mississippi.—We are still on the old fogy princi»le—that is, we pay attention only to our cotton crop, and I must say that things begin to move on here as formerly. So far, this season, I have heard no one complain that their hands will not work, and we are all changing in that respect. In most cases the freedmen have an interest in the crop, and they appear satisfied and are working well. I give one-third of the crop and feed them. If we have a fair season and no worms, we will make a good crop in this county. The chief trouble is that we have not enough laborers, although the census shows a falling off in the county of only about 1,600, and I think there will be nearly 1,000 brought in this year. q Hinds county, Mississippi—We have had an unusual season. The winter was very cold until about the 20th of January, when the weather moderated, and by the 15th of February it was quite warm and genial; the forest and fruit trees bloomed and leafed, and the latter formed young fruit; the farmers planted corn, the gardens were very forward, and in many instances English peas were stuck. But a change came over the scene, and on the 13th instant it began to rain, followed by sleeting and freezing. The result is that all the fruit and vege- tables are killed. I have known but three entire failures of the fruit crop in this section—iu 1849, 1857,1867. 'There are about 500 acres in peaches in this neighborhood, and I am confident there will not be a peach grown upon them. GRASSHOPPERS IN KANSAS. Monrovia, Kansas —We have had a most extraordinary season here thus far; the thermometer has marked 16° below, and we have had about forty snows. ‘The coldest weather ever known in March occurred about two weeks since. We hope, however, that this uncommon weather will effectua'ly kill the eggs of the grasshoppers deposited here last fall by the storm of that insect which passed over Kansas last season. ‘Their deposit is innumerable, estimated at two bushels to the acre in fields and broken lands, but we believe here that they are already killed. * * ™* The peaches and apples are yet good in the bud, but I fear we will lose all at last. PREVENTION OF HOG CHOLERA. Winchester, Tennessee.—I have made. some experiments with hog cholera (so called) with profitable results. I am of opinion that if the farmer will keep his hogs clear of dice he will have but little cholera. I think it is a disease that has its origin in the cause above named. ‘There is, indeed, an epidemic of hog lice in the country. I have found that when my hogs were most healthy they were clearest of that pest, and all that have died have been terribly afflicted with them. External appliances have been used with some success, but the only effective remedy, or rather preventive, is the free use of sulphur, adminis- tered stirred up in tar, four ounces to the gallon, and’ spread on corn; or a still better plan is to take two table-spoonfuls of sulphur with a like quantity of cop- peras, to one pint of ashes and the same of common salt—giving small portions twice a week. All the ingredients are beneficial to the hog. If they are lousy, burn up their old beds, and do not allow them to sleep in dust, and hogs will be as healthy as they used to be. 104 AGRICULTURAL MATTERS AT SALT LAKE CITY. Great Salt Lake City —The soil of the valley in which this city is situated is varied; on the eastern portion of the city, which reaches within three miles of the eastern mountains surrounding the valley, we have a rich black soil, and about two feet below, solid beds of clay; in the northeast portion we have the gravel for twenty or thirty feet down; in the western and northern sections, black alluvial soil, reaching water in from one to five feet; and in the southern, more loamy or clayey, and accordingly in patches. In the western and northern parts of the city wheat and root crops grow prolific; in the eastern and north- eastern, corn, cane, grapes and other vines, and peaches and other fruit trees grow luxuriantly. In fruit-growing I think we stand unrivalled. Many of our apricots fruit in one year from the bud, peaches in two years, apples from two to three years, and pears from four to five years. * * * The city embraces about five miles square, and each house lias its surrounding patch of one and a quarter acres or less. We have in progress a canal on the east side of the val- ley, and one on the west also, to convey water from the Jordan river, which, when completed, will secure the irrigation of many thousand acres. WINE-MAKING IN WESTERN NEW YORK. Hammondsport, Steuben county, N. Y.—Grape-growing was first undertaken here as a means of subsistence and profit by a few individuals in 1854, the fruit being sold as a luxury for eastern city consumers. The adaptation of the soil and climate about Crooked lake to vine culture proved so good, and the re- muneration so constant and abundant, the attention of men of enterprise and capital was soon arrested, and the production swelled to such an extent that apprehensions were entertained that it would fail of profitable sale as fruit only, and the necessity for a market nearer home was felt. The possibility of mak- ing good, healthy wine from our native grapes, Isabella and Catawba, had been established by Nicholas Longworth and others, of Cincinnati, and it was believed it could be done here. Consequently, in 1860, a company was organized, wine vaults and press-house were constructed, and the business commenced with a capital of a few thousand dollars. An abundance of well-ripened fruit, a ready sale of their pure native wine and unadulterated brandy showed clearly that the Pleasant Valley was a success, and warranted an extension of the enterprise and an increase in their capital stock to meet the wants of producers and con- sumers, which was done, and, in addition to brandy and dry wine, the manu- facture of sparkling wine was commenced, rivailing in perfection of flavor the best European brands of champagne. * * * Within twelve years grape- growing in this vicinity has increased from a few hundred pounds, sold in New York city and Boston, to car-loads for these and other eastern cities, and from the area of a few acres in 1854-55 to 3,000 acres in 1866;- and the capital:em- ployed in the manufacture of the fruit into healthful and delicious wines and pure brandy increased, in six years only, from $10,000 to over $300,000. One establishment now puts up and sells 40,000 bottles of sparkling wine, in addi- tion to a largely increased amount of dry hock wine. There are two other companies organized, but not yet in full operation. ; THE FREEDMEN IN VIRGINIA. Powhatan county, Va.—No complaints of want of labor reach me. Freed- men are employed generally, and conduct themselves with propriety. If let alone, they will need no other protection than that of the law. It would seem that there is more crime among them than prevailed formerly, from the fact of many being committed to jail for minor offences. These were more mercifully 105 treated in former days by the masters of slaves, who had some discretion, like that of justices of the peace, in the punishment of crime; but now the poor crea- tures have to be committed to jail, like white persons, and await trial in due ‘course of law. This severity is mitigated by bailing them whenever it can be done. ‘These things make crime seem on the increase, when, in fact, there is probably less than formerly. The colored population has diminished, though ’ some who emigrated during the war are returning to us. 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Table showing the amount, in tenths, of the farm stock of the States named in January, 1867, compared with the amount in January, 1866, and the prices of the same in January, 1867, for the different ages. HORSES, a3 || (ees | as | eee Sa ie co Avg | SP BiesleS = o = = Me E'S _ © Oe nx 8 Pale Oo m = O States. S= = .- bs RS 2 Beal ida Ss eres ah Ss aoe BE «| &S8 Fo 8 aes ose ou) ore of Bee was Do toa > ass Bo ss2 Se SE° oBRRS Sad 2 Sm ess epee SSa aS * < < 378 ag a8 aE, Ag nae 56 B Sig say 35 SES « aaa ase ASS ag =I rm oo e2oo oo » r->) = Org Em Sab a 5 aen | Be AS 3 Bes | BE oa o” oe 2 om o ° wee | Pea ‘| eee | 222 |+2ea Soe 52a See 524 Ses Z a i> pee aie J er eee ee ee ee. 10) eee ek| oe eels Pee ees: 9 eee 10 $60 90 $85 00 $125 00 | $150 00 10 30 00 50 00 70 00 77 50 10.3 44 80 74 83 106 50 150 92 10.4 52 50 93 57 155 55 181 11 10,5 50 58 83 30 124 00 153 00 10.5 67 50 80 00 107 50 140 00 1OF 7 40 50 67 17 104 17 136 66 10 36 00 65 24 95 00 123 33 9.6 42 91 65 55 93 57 126 55 9.1 43 75 68 12 110 00 145 00 10,4 49 29 73 90 115 20 150 00 10.5 65 00 93 33 127 50 171 00 12,2 64 44 63 33 120 83 158 00 14.3 46 00 73 50 106 50 141 66 10.7 35 00 57 00 90 71 138 57 10.1 20 2) 33 79 53 16 74 24 11.5 38 85 58 84 89 42 124 23 10 48 25 73 54 106 00 132 28 9.8 44 66 65 00 91 00 117 70 10 51 58 75 50 103 44 131 00 11.7 43 84 64 84 90 66 118 22 10.8 47 53 71 58 100 80 | «133 13 10.7 42 75 66 77 94 60 120 90 10.7 45 60 68 55 96 58 124 95 11.6 47 06 76 75 107 44 149 23 11.8 48 83 75 35 117 61 162 32 12,1 51 44 82 55 116 00 157 58 il 49 03 73 46 102 91 137 19 11.5 17 62 53 88 05 115 66 11 59 10 90 90 129 10 155 77 12.1 Bl 44 82 55 116 00 157 58 11.6 36 67 53 33 70 00 123 33 i RE re 22 50 36 00 52 50 92 50 Per Sees ao Ae Ee eee 75 00 125 00 10.4 25 00 37 50 63 33 88 33 - 113 Table showing the amount, in tenths, and prices of farm stock, §c.—Continued. CATTLE AND OXEN. oO ot cam O ° Seu |. as =. gE. ees cam oq : a) — SEI 4 s m ane s a © os. os coo Con States. OH a Pas mn ae ae as S3e Be 5s OY =] = o ASSs | “o ae vas oO os Das ofS BG ao 8 bo = ae & Sie is. EBs SaaS pee SSE SSS 258 S38 2 9.8 11 16 19 35 30 44 MISSOUTI A See-c8. ot ae aoe ri | 7 42 13 42 21 77 Milimnigs so: Beak Shek ace 10 8 93 16 41 26 10 RAGIANGS Ace ee cat oe oho os 9,7 8 93 Tr ges: 28 20 Oiiaee t3en- aes cc eskase 10.1 11 51 Q1 5) 34 92 Michioan 52-4. /22.4-<15\-< + 10.6 11 36 oF 22 36 60 WeKsronsinis s-..o. 42 254 2-8 10. 4 10 02 18 53 29 30 MimaesGia a... o- 4. J-\. 2.8 12 9 8 18 10 3] 42 MOS 52255 eh er 10,5 8 94 1b 5a 26 64 Karina ee o_o 253 8 10.7 8 75 15 77 26 40 Nebtaskaees5..2. 2. 2sj.2.2 10.5 8 93 17 40 29 26 @olorado sees: a26 a4 5<'. 12.8 13 00 22 67 40 67 bon pees? £ ae ee 11 9 60 19 60 3l 40 ¢ ns MERCH] Gates ao 5e. 8 00 13 50 23 00 Nev Mexia aes Pala 2 | eke 15 00 20 00 35 00 @alifornives- 54+ eRee eee 10.9 ef aes 13 50 22. 50 same over three years Average price per head of old, $71 18 74 1 73 00 86 00 80 00 72 50 68 57 70 58 56 97 42 50 43 50 29 00 15 46 16 12 17 16 12 50 18 23 22.17 20 28 9 46 17 92 24 44 41 38 41 20 32 83 40 19 40 62 51 03 65 70 53 23 52 68 42 40 38 40 46 26 51 17 46 40 32 50 50 00 33 33 114 Table showing the amount, in tenths, and prices of farm stock, §c.—Continued. MILCH COWS. ise) (2) Q n =3 Ea. ua <= 62 States. é Ka pa 2 oe meas 3 ae Ree fon 2 Sieve 5 8's —_ Meine ee= = stan Se Seon: 10 New Hampsbite- ------ 10.2 Wenmont,..5-.---2-s==- 10.6 Massachusetts.....----| 9.7 Rhode Island 2.-2....- 10 WMonnecticut.\.-2=- .-2- 10.1 Wew Work <.2:-05--2<. 10.7 New Jersey ..-----.--- 10.5 Pennsylvania -......-- 10.3 Welawares..\S<>5 e-'265: 9 MSinyland -\o-' =~ = 4 POET Wienges -s-—- -—- eee 10.2 Worth Carolina... -..- 10 South Carolina......-- 9 (CONSE) ASA sos Sa oese 9.6 Torii he Bake eo oeiaeree 10,4 MilabamMie sce a oeee os: 9 IMISSISSIpple = s-6- - =| 10 NGOWISIANG sce oa to /=c!= 10 PRON S sce ste etl Seis: 10.6 INTISANSAS 25 foe cll cus ok: 12 MReniiessee.. 22s 22 lewis =: 11,2 West Virginia. -...----| 10.4 Kentucky: 2--s2------ 10,2 WHSSOUN Mast che otis eons 11.2 MUIMOWSeecee see ceo 10,2 i ham aieciseee: ecto = = = 10 Obioy. 22.28 Ss Soe eee 10.3 Michiganteess6) ===" 11.2 WISCONSIN peer cehemcee Hee | AVIIMNeSOba Gace co mre '= oe 11.6 WOWaic ee Scere sere esi: 1] Keansase...) seem. scce lt Te! Nebraskaneerets.n-<)- - 11.2 Molorado <. se fee... -- 13.6 Nii a2 eS e esc 11 New Mexico } Mexican = America: |... -- Clitoris so. 52. = ll Average price per head of cows at this time. $48 36 47 J1 5225 59 80 55 00 55 50 ay Be? 63 25 47 36 40 00 41 &2 99 7] 90 O05 22 eli 21 64 15 40 D528 93 82 24 17 1] 20 Doe 27 88 38 00 39 16 299 86 35 90 38 80 44 94 47 27 38 00 36 00 Sle oll 34 43 45 83 33 60 30 00 40 OO 36 66 Average numb er of sheep hat of 10. 12. compared with t Ow css be OS) | w NOD woe CQHoOKKwenacow—Ow February, 1866. Average price per head of BS Ea OS 05 0D WW WDWWW HW HW HHS HDS SHE SHE WUWNUTIWENWWWWL woe = ld. is = at same under one yearo com +t ID c 1 ld. Average price per head o same over one year 0 Fe CCW OR WWW WWWWUWWUNWUVNWNUWNWNVNWWWHEWSTERDEMNWE WOO — *) —_ os yer of ho that of Average numl compared with February, 1866 (URS) ES iO) | Aes Oe ie) lo or) Average price of same per head under one year old. ld. rice of same per head over one year o Average p | METEOROLOGY, [Compiled in the Department of Agriculture from reports made by observers for the Smithsonian Institution. ] FEBRUARY, 1867. Table showing the highest and lowest range of the thermometer, (with dates pre- Jixed,) the mean temperature of the month, and the amount of rain and melted snow, (ininches and tenths,) for February, 1867, at the following places and by the observers named. Daily observations were made at 7 o’clock a.m.and 2 and 9 p.m. nm 3 , Stations, &e. County. Observers’ names. | Date. | ee Date. ey pean Ee E ea MAINE, ° ° ° In. Stenhen..-. 5.5 sca Washington ..-... Je Dy Parker)... .ca-= 14 47 20} —1 25, Qi) 3s 67 Wee sass ces ae ae oe Penobscot ....-.. GE Towle: <<. --.-' 3, 14 48 20 | —14 21.8 | 3.40 Williamsburg. .--.-. Piscataquis ... .-. E. & H. W. Pitman. 14 43 | 20 | —11 19.8 | 3.30 West Waterville....| Kennebec ....... Bo PaWwilbur:e-scss- 14 49 Q1 0 2000 | 3.20 Gardiner -..-.-..- ils ese. ak R. H. Gardiner ..... 14 49 21 3 25.9 4. 36 MARDOM =, s==/=isjan=s=s AMAGTOSCOE PINE os | ARPES MOOG 2525 clccceca4i-ll's-\ssalai|ac=cicaae| Seaaae leciatteeae 2. 60 NV GDSEI ® sciceat ccs 5 seG Gageboptncchic Almon Robinson.... 14 49 2 2 Rone lees c Standish -.<..5-...: Cumberland .--.. John P. Moulton. ... 14 52 11|}—3 27.5 | 2.22 Rumford Point ..... Oxford 22-225. <= Waldo Pettingill... 24 51 21;—8 24.7] 2.40 COMMIS some \= camila 's WOW SBosneengoosr Silas West’ ......<. 1 48 11 |—1 26.6 | 2.98 Cornishville ........ Bes Oe ease ce caine G. W. Guptill--.-.- 14 50 11 1 2658) alos ESE he c col [ao Beeeedoc gags sos6SbeessEs esbe ge S| eo geéhel peasal Eee. cols sedee 24.9) R13 NEW HAMPSHIRE. pare Portsmouth ......-. Rockingham..... John Hatch......... 14 58 11 9 32.4] 2.31 Stratford. -2-.<<-... bos! Steen see Branch Brown ..... 9 47 10; —8 22. 2. 30 anrwortit.5sc-5 3-2 @arrollee seers <1 Alfred Brewster .... 14 48} 10,11;—1 Osa) | eater North Barnstead....| Belknap..-...--. CH Pitman.3...<. 13 53 10 2 30.3] 1.35 Concord7ce<- «-eees Merrimack....... John T, Wheeler ...} 138, 14 52 11 4 BONS me aris Claremont. -eeeeeee Sullivan-.....-.. Arthur Chase-...... 14 52 a 0 29.0 | 4.04 INSET) See oy 8 5.-|los oa COCO CA SOC OER POS O OOOO nC - Hence = Bo MeCCeners Bese cc|'-n-eeerd Bonorc 28,2. 2.50 VERMONT. Lunenburg .......-. EIss0X ..-----<2.- H. A. Cutting ...... 4| 48 11} —10}] 23.5] 4.30 Craftsbury ..--.---- Orleans tseec. ci. James A, Paddock..} 8,13 45 10 | —5 22.2 | 2.35 Randolph ..-.....-.. Orange-cctss.s: Charles S. Paine....| 9,13 46 ll | — 4. 20.4 | 2.17 Middlebury ......... Addisone cieenner H. A. Sheldon...... 1,9, 13 45 ll 4 26:3 | dade IBTanGGWieaec.: a= )- = Rutland ......... Ee Buckland ........ 8 53 10 2 29.9] 1.90 PSAINOt Sccacsaceis. cs Caledonia ....... B. F. Eaton, M.D .. 8 50 Q1 15 34.8] 4.50 Wilmington ........ Windham ....... Rev. J. B. Perry ... 14 46 1l|}—2 20. a aaa ‘Averages eee soles ule creae PER BUCO Ra or binccys cance enema |asane sat sea cles||sne msec | swins.es 27.0} 2.82 116 Table showing the range of the thermometer, &c., for Fvbruary—Continued. Stations, &c. County. Observers’ names, MASSACHUSETTS, Kingston ......-.--. Plymouth ......- G. S. Newcomb .-... Mopsieldsa- = - a= =<. LOE TG: gee Ss Anos S. A. Merriam .....-. Lawrence .....-.--.|-- SUM Ss5s0s5ess¢ John Fallon ....-.--- Georgetown -.-----.|- Se00 csseeee cers Henry M. Nelson --- ew DIY: -c— see -— Sq00)- eee John H. Caldwell... Malton. =. ani=- ceo Norfolk: 2. <5 cece Rey. A. K. Teele -.. North Billerica...-. Middlesex ...-.-- Rey. E. Nason...-..- West Newton. ...---|- Pies OO yee sate ae JOnME. Bixby. es. New Bedford -.-.-.-- 1h ely 40) eee sees Samuel Rodman.... Biber. See oeae = CORRS Asaaeeoe Edward T. Tucker... Woreester=-.-...=.. Worcester.....-- Joseph Draper, M.D. Mendon ]ens-- 4-2a5-|- EacdO' ce esee sic es J. G. Metcalf, M. D- Lunenburg .--..- ----|- sO. e ceseesee] | Os AvCUnmIne nam. Ammbherste 25. = o Granville. -. Rgleiphtses- ho scaa< Wake ...... Statesville.........- Iredell ---..- Albemarle. ......... Stanley .... PA OPED OS = wens aed eee = sepia SOUTH CAROLINA, Adkenk. 5255-505 Sus Barnwell... GEORGIA. PANG ANNE Asa tein aieya'=ie = Bilton f.5--- ALABAMA, Prairie Bluff....--.- Wilcox. --.- ED HIGOD = =<. <:<5 5:03 /5012 Lawrence -. Bolivatoncsses- === Baldwin... FENG BTAP CB se ome |e ee miase FLORIDA. Fernandina.... ..-- Nassau...-. GGrdpises22e soc s. Alachua.... Jacksonville........ Duvalsceoe- Averages TEXAS, ASTIN) sa oa5 = Sissi Travis eo. ARKANSAS, Fort Smith -........ Sebastian... TENNESSEE. Tusculum College --} Greene..... Lookout Mountain..| Hamilton... Clarksville ..-...--. Montgomery KENTUCKY, Louisville --.....-.. Jefferson ... Chilesburg ..- ..-..-. Fayette. ...- Danvyille= === ------ Boyle ...-=..- Averages OHIO. New Lisbon ........ Columbiana East Fairfield....--.|.-.- dGreees se Steubenville ... ....] Jefferson .-. Martin’s Ferry.....- Belmont... . Observers’ names. | Date. aes Date. ae | - ° ° CHL iRofie ss... - 16 64 10 6 Dr. W. H. Sharp --- 18 62 10, 11 5 E. W. Adams, A. M.| 24 85 11 21 J: A Millssee soca. 24 73 11 19 Rey. F. P. Brewer.- 24 79 11 17 Thos. A. Allison ....} 15, 20 70 11 12 B..JnKronetee 2 15,2 7 own || a6 | Rey. Jno. H. Cornish, 24,26 | 78 10 22 Frederick Deckner. . 25 81 10 ati William Henderson. 95 82 10 25 Thomas M. Peters-.| 24] 72 10} 19 W. J. Van Kirk... 24 76 10 27 H. M. Corey---....- 21, 26 79 10 27 BBs Seott.cs- so - 20, 26 20 10 29 A. S. Baldwin, M. D. 25 8&6 10} 32 J. Van Nostrand... 3| 84 10| 25 Rey. Frs. Springer. -/13, 23, 28) 72 9 17 8. S. & W. S. Doak. 15/ 7 10! 12 Edw. F. Williams... 25 ita 9 11 Pf. Wm. M. Stewart 15 69 | 10) —4 Mrs. L. Young. .... 18] 63 10) 19. Dr. S. D. Martin... 15 66 10|;—2 OMBeatty..=:--s-=5- 18, 23 65 10|—2 J. F. Benner........ 28} 60 10} —1 S. B. MeMillan ..... 18 a5] 10, 11 4 Joseph B. Doyle .... 16 55 10 5 Chas. R. Shreve.....i 28 58 11 0 Mean ther. Rain or melted snow. Lb9 Table showing the range of the thermometer, §c., for February—Continued. jes i ZC. nty. Observers’ names, | Date. oe Date, Min. | Mean os E Stations, &c County ther. ther. | ther. 3 2a ouHtO—Cont’d. . n 3 jee Painesville ......--- Wakes se n.>2- =" Wed eDMsiteae rs . .-. <- Rev, D. Thompson... 28 62 ll|}—1 30.3 | 1.86 Cleveland .....----- Cuyahoga ......- T,. A. Smurr, M. D.. 18 60 10 + oan talents 196 oem eeoooe eee O! aceite a Seles Mr. and Mrs. G. A. 18 60 10 a 34.6 | 3.15 Hyde. WGOStBE anon ee =ce = \ "Eve GisoSseqcne. Martin Winger. ...-- 18 58 10 |} —1 | _ 35.3) |--.--. Gallipolis......-..-. Gallia;-2--- <-=< A. P. Rodgers....-- 23 | . 63 10 0 41.6 | 4.98 Kelley’s Island . ..-.} Erie......--...-. Geo. C. Huntington. . 28 52 10 3 32.8 | 3.42 INorwalks'>.----2..5. 1S ee one epoe Rev. A. Newton .... 28 60 10 0 34.4 | 3.30 North Fairfield ..... soortils seecios omc: Os Burraseeese eens 18 56 if) |) 8) 34.4 | 4.05 Westerville .... ..-. Pranklin’=..---2- Prof. H.A.'Thompson 28 58 10 | —2 37.0] 1.68 Kingston ........... IO eperos soseos Prof. John Haywood 18 63 10; — 4 38.5 | 3.67 IROLHO!s sae =-~s-s = TGHGH-: aeeceace J. B. Trembly, M.D- 27 62 10 2 33.3 | 3.13 Wariowie tee oa st~ em == Mearionteeae = H. A. True, M. D.... 18 53 10 |—4 33.4 |. 4.07 Kenton so=.-o.ch-- =. Hardini ea. -\sse C. H. Smith, M. D.. 1 60 10 10 39.5 | 6.50 Urbana University.-} Champaign. .. ..| M.G. Williams...-... 13 58 10 | —10 34.4 | 3.85 Hillsborough -.-.-.---- Highland ... ..-..} J..MeD. Mathews ... 18 60 10; — 4 38.1 | 4.54 Pu ple yesemreaa= -= z= O. A. Blanchard .... 28 60 9 | —12 30.0 | 2.20 Peonia esses ana Peoria a-saes-- = Frederick Brendel -. 28 59 10|—7 31.9 | 2.88 Springfield -......-. Sangamon.....-- G. M. Brinkerhoff - - - 13 54 10|—3 S274) Seite ele MOSM sees mem te|h = GO Ga65550550¢ Timothy Dudley..-. 13 61 10 | —6 33.3 | 5.00 Waterloo........... Monroe,.’.......- Hi, Kington s-ce- -- 15 64 10} —3 a RN ea NO Wb OU atest i= & Stern re Washington -.--. William C. Spencer 15 62 10 0 37.2 | 6.27 Galesburg ..-------- OX elare eleielel ate Pf. W. Livingston - - 28 62 10 | —11 29.2 | 2.56 Manchester .... ---- SCOtamteeetee flys Dr. J. & C. W. Grant 27 61 9|—4 34.8 | 6.34 Mount Sterling ..--. BLOWN s-see=-= Rey. A. Duncan..-.. 28 62 9|/—8 BARN) Nea secric Andalusia .....-.--. Rock Island .---- E. H. Bowman, M.D. 28 62 10 | —10 BONG ieee Aou sta sete =lse= lao Hancock ........ S. B. Mead, M. D.--. 28 64 9|/—7 33.2))| i2A53 Averages. .----.|.-2------- 20 cn enn e |e ween en een wenn [meee ee | enw ens [inner nnn |s nen ne 30.9 |} 3.79 WISCONSIN. 77 Manitowoc .-.------- Manitowoc ....-- Jacob Liips......... 11 41 10 | —10 26.2) 1.75 Plymouth ......---- Sheboygan ...--- G. Moeller=-2-=--2-- 28 50 10 | —15 25. 0 1.80 Milwaukee ...------| Milwaukee -..-.- I. A. Lapham, LL.D 7 47 10 | —11 27.4 | 12.13 1 Da eae oe gaan See O0.s.c-s522n 25 Carl Winkler, M. D- Q7 48 10 | —12 28.4 | 2.22 Delavan oe) -eees- Walworth .. ..-. Leveus Eddy -.-.--..-- 28 50 10 | —18 24.7 2.49 Waupacca....----- Waupacea .. ...- H. C. Mead. ee 1h 2 50 9 | —10 Aone eee Béloits set ease ce Bock. see baw H. D. Porter......-. op| 44] "10|=—16| 23/9) "S80 Barabo0s..se--sccec Sauke-osee eae eee M. C. Waite|---..-..- 28 52 10 | —12 26.8 | 4.44 iwi s5 sq ssqso° Bayfield eee. Andrew Tate-.--.-.- 5 42 10 | —20 17.5 | 2.10 AVECTAZES. 20202. |e 2 - ee nee een ele eee ee eee wenn | eee le wwe ee [emer eee e|ene eee 25.0] 2.59 MINNESOTA. eae Beaver Bay ..-..---. bakes aac. eees eae C. Wieland ......-... 4 36 10 | —28 12.5] 0.00 JME Seo. cosas aoe Washington ..... Dr. and Mrs. B. F. 27 44 10 | —23 1S ome Babcock. SREP Doo k ans Ramsey .......-. Rey. A. B. Paterson. |7,27,28 | 41 10|—24] 162] 1.12 Minneapolis -..--.--- Hennepin .....-- Wm. Cheney --.----- 7, 27 44 24 | —30 14.1] 1.03 Nibleygerses- ob--- 22 Sibley... .--te- C.E. and C.W.Wood- Q7 43 9) — 3 137401 (0.70 bury. New Ulm.....--...- BLOWS -.,2>-bee Charles Roos ....--. 12 43 9 | —20 15/38 | 1328 Averages. ..---.|------ 0-22-22 n nn ee [one nee eee eee ene n ee fewer ees |e eee ee fen eee en -[seeee- 14.5 | 0.85 IOWA. yond seers ea Clinton -.-...--. A. T. Hudson ....-- 28 54 10 | —20 24.9 | 3.02 Davenport ......... ein otcossadees Sydney Smith .-.... 28 53 9 | —13 Q6e 1 Rosca 121 Table showing the range of the thermometer, §c., for February—Continued. Stations, &e. County. IowA—Continued, Dubuque. s.scesee- Dubuque .....-.. Muscatine =~ ec ses=-= Muscatine .....-- Atalinga soo eeeserceie|© 42 Ceo eee Monticello...-..-.-- JiMee hace sbeabeoe Fort Madison. ------ WGBss222s2dssei =< Guttenburg .-. ...--- Clayton =. sees -= WBTES yeemimcm aon =~) 5 ROO areata Slates Mount Vernon...--- Poin eet aes as _ lowa City .--------- Johnson.......-. Independence.-..--.- Buchanan as, =\ state 1D 0 Recep caecico| | tose Carne Waterloo -... -...-- Black Hawk..... Iowa Falls ......--- Latsiititpese eee a Algona) «.-.-< .--=-- Kossuth) tener. Fontanelle ..-...--. Adair... <--25<-=0 Harrisi(Groye:.---.-- Hianrisoniaaais <1. Fort Dodge...-...... Webster. ------- - ASVeYA@eS aso s2 ei: |\2oace sas ctitgcesis MISSOURL. St. Louis University - Allenton Canton Harrisonville Averages KANSAS, Leavenworth Olatha Atchison State Agr. College -- Council Grove NEBRASKA, Bellovue:-s.2s2..... Glendale UTAH TERRITORY. Gt. Salt Lake City... Leavenworth .... Johnson Atchison Great Salt Lake. Observers’ names. Asa Horr, M. D J. P. Walton B. Carpenter. ......- M. M. Moulton Daniel McCready. -. Jas. P. Dickerson ..- J. M. Hagensick .... Prof, A. Collins .... Prof. 'T. S. Parvin .. Mrs. D. B. Wheaton .- D.S. Deering T. Steed N. Townsend Philip Dorweiler. .-. A. F. Bryant Jacob F. Stern C. N. Jorgensen .... Rey.F.H.Stuntebeck A. Fendler:::<....-- Miss Belle Moore..-. George P. Ray John Christian J. Stayman, M. D..- W. Beckwith Dr. H. B & Miss Horn Prof. B. F. Mudge. - - A. Woodworth, M. D. J. G. Shoemaker. --. Rev. Wm. Hamilton. Dr. and Miss Child. . W. W. Phelps 27 Min. ther. 15 Mean ther, wm w w cr pr ot ° moc ar 32.2 34.7 Ruin or melted snow. 3. 40 6. 56 122 NOTES OF THE WEATHER.—FEBRUARY, 1867. FROM THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. Gardiner, Maine-—Yhe mean temperature of February was 442° above the average for thirty-one years ; the amount of rain and melted snow was 1.15 inches above the average for twenty-nine years. Steuben, Maine-—February 10.—The freshet to-day was the highest there has been for a number of years; sleighing broke up. Cornish, Maine-—The temperature of the month was 8.45° above the average of February for the last thirty-five years. Standish, Maine.—February 7—The sleighing to-day is the best there has been this winter. 24th—Good sleighing this morning. Lee, Maine.—F ebruary 28.—Snow very light on account of rain; only two inches of snow in open fields; ice and snow enough to make good sleighing. _ Stratford, N. H—F¥ebruary. 28.—Only ten and a half inches of snow fell during the month, not enough for lumbering business. Some ten days during the month wheel carriages were in use, which is unusual in February, or even March. Shelburne, N. H—F¥ebruary 13—Ground thawed one. inch. Claremont, N. H—February 8 to 10.—A heavy rain-storm which carried off the remaining snow and cleared the ice out of the smaller streams and rivers. 28th.—A very bad month for teaming. Barnet, Vermont.—February 28.—The ground is frozen very deep, there not having been snow enough to protect it from freezing; the snow melts away nearly as fast as it comes. 10th—There is now but very little on the ground. © There have been but a few days this winter that a sleigh could be used, which is unusual here; the Connecticut river is still frozen over, but it is unsafe crossing on the ice with heavy loads. Brandon, Vermont.—No good sleighing this month. Randolph, Vermont——¥ebruary 2§ —There is very little snow in open fields ; sleighing is gone on most roads; the same was the case last year at this time. Kingston, Mass —¥ebruary 10 —There was a very destructive freshet to- day, caused by a heavy rain last night and the great quantity of melting snow. Richmond, Mass——¥ebruary 2.—Thunder shower from 11 to 12 p. m.,, at- tended by heavy reports and sharp lightning. Williamstown, Mass—February 3.—Heavy thunderstorm at midnight last night. Lunenburg, Mass—This February was the mildest since 1851. A thaw began on the 1st and continued until the 10th, which carried off most of the large body of snow. The travelling has been very bad most of the month. New Bedford, Mass—F¥ebruary 11.—Ice broken up north of the bridge and driven out of the river. 20th to 22d.—The fall of snow is judged to be about equal to that of the great storm of last month. 28th.—Very little frost remains in the ground, and the snow is very much reduced. The sleighing of the late storm lasted but two or three days, and was never very good. Newport, R. 1—February 20,9 a. m, to 22d, 4 a. m., sixteen inches of snow fell, which is more than had fallen before during the winter. ° Columbia, Conn.—F ebruary 20 to 22 —Twelve inches of snow fell. Pomfret, Conn —February 8 and 9.—Great flood and damage by it. 28th.— This has been the warmesi February since 1857; the mean temperature was 4.68° above the average for a number of years. Groton, Conn.—F ebruary 1.—Lightning in the south this evening. River clear of ice at this place. 24th—Lightning at the southeast this evening. Buffalo, N. ¥Y.—February 14.—Sleighing ended, having lasted fourteen days. 22 st—Three and a half inches of snow fell yesterday and to-day; sleighing 123 again. 28th—The month was five degrees warmer than the mean of nine years. Snow, except drifts, disappeared on the 23d. No frost in the ground during the winter; good sleighing sixty-seven days of the winter. Flatbush, N. Y—¥ebruary 2.—Thunder shower at night. Skaneateles, N. ¥Y—F¥ebruary 2.—Thunder and lightning, sharp and blue, in the south and east from 95 to 10 p. m. 10th, ten inches of snow fell. 20th to 22d, eleven inches of snow. New York, N. Y.— February 2.—Thunder shower at 11.20 p.m ; very heavy thunder and vivid lightning, almost white, twice at least; the thunder passed away rapidly to the east. 9th—Rain commenced falling at 6 p. m., accompanied with only one single flash of lightning, followed by a hard clap of thunder. Rain continued till after midnight, when the temperature suddenly changed from about 40° to below freezing point. 19th to 20th, eight inches of snow fell. : Newburg, N. Y—February 2.—Sheet lightning at 9 p. m., and thunder in the night. Rochester, N. Y—The temperature of February was four degrees above the general average for the month. 10th.—A storm attended by a strong gale from the northwest during the night. 14th—A freshet in the Genesee ; ice went out at evening. . Depauville, N. Y—February 28—The sleighing, though rather poor now, was good through all the month, and has lasted since December 11—in all, eighty days. Snow gone in all exposed piaces. Moriches, N. Y—February 5—The ice on the ponds averages 104 inches thick. The frost in the ground in some places fifteen inches. 19th to 22d.—On measuring the snow after it had finished falling, and when it was well packed by its dampness, the depth was found to be seventeen and a half inches. 28th—The snow of the 19th and 22d has not yet all disappeared. Theresa, N. Y.—February 28.—The ground has not been frozen during the winter; the gieatest depth of snow at any time was about forty inches. : Mount Holly, N. J.—¥ebruary 2.—Very heavy thunder and very vivid lightning about 8 p. m. 4th—Heavy thunder and lightning about 10 p. m. from southwest. 9th—Heavy rain, with distant thunder and lightning, about 5 +m Burlington, N. J—¥ebruary 20—Thunder shower at 7 p. m., continuing about twenty minutes; very brilliant diffuse lightning, and heavy but distant thunder. 9th—A hard shower about 55 p. m., with lightning and thunder. 14th.—The ice in the Delaware river at Burlington broke up. 20th and 21st— Seven inches of snow fell, being the deepest snow of the winter to fall at one time. Newark, N. J—The mean temperature of the month was five degrees above the average of February in the preceding twenty-three years; the amount of rain and melted snow was more than in any February during the same period except in 1847. On the 11th the barometer was higher than at any time since observations have been taken, except on the Sth of January, 1866. Greenwich, N. J—February 9 —Heavy reverberating thunder this afternoon, shaking and rattling doors and windows. 28th—The ground was not entirely free from snow from the 30th of December to the 24th of February. Fallsington, Penn —February 11—The barometer to-day was the highest that is recollected, with perhaps one exception. Ice broke up in the Dela- ware river the second time. 28th—The past February is supposed to have been the mildest since 1828. Harrisburg, Penn.—February 14.—Ice on the Susquehanna river broke up. Philadelphia, Penn —¥ebruary 2.—Sharp lightning in the evening. 6th— The Delaware river opened to navigation, after being closed with ice for about three weeks. 9th—A very heavy rain; thunder and lightning in the night. 124 11th—At 10 a.m. the barometer, reduced to 32°, indicated 30.970 inches, which is more than two-tenths of an inch higher than before observed during a period of sixteen years. Grampian Hills, Penn.—F¥ebruary 28.—The snow drifts have been greater and of longer continuance than usual. Many of the lanes are yet blocked up, and many of them have not been passable since the 16th of January. The first drifting was on the 27th of December; from that time to the present a few of the roads have been shut by snow, but it is now fast going off. Emmittshurg, Maryland.—February 2.—From 64 p. m. until 9 p. m. quite continued lightning accompanied with thunder. 4th.—Lightning at 9 p. m 9th.—At 10 p. m. wind blowing a gale all night and up to 11 a. m. of the 10th. 19th_— Commenced snowing and continued until 5 a. m. on the 21st; began again at 11 a.m and continued until 5 p.m.; depth, twelve inches. Woodlawn, Maryland.—Februiry 2.—VDistant lightning from 6 to 94 p. m., with thunder. 19th.—Snow gone except in roads and fence rows. 20th and 21st, snow fell to the depth of seven anda half inches on a level, but was blown in drifts in many places two feet deep. Romney, West Virginta—F¥ebruary 20.—Snow five inches deep and very high water. ‘Gr afton, West Virginia.—Heavy rain on the 19th and 20th. Thunder storm on the 2Ist at 114 a. m., followed by hail. One inch of snow on the 22d. Statesville, N. C.—February 19—Misty all day. 20:h, misty till 10 a. m. Raleigh, N. C—February 2.—Clear in- forenoon ; shower in evening, with distant lightning. 9th—Thunder shower in the afternoon. No rain on or near the 19th. Goldsboro’, N. C—No snow during the month, and rain only on the 9th and 28th. | No snow in February at any station in North Carolina from which registers have been received, except a little at Statesville on the 9th, nor in any iGinte - farther south.] Attaway Hill, N. C—February 2.—Several thunder storms from morning until night. 9th, at 1 p. m. high wind, rain, and thunder in the south. 15th, yellow crocus, alder, and hazel in bloom. 26th, towards evening, thunder in the far south. Aiken, 8. C—February 22.—Wild plums in bloom generally; first peach blossoms. 26th, peach trees blooming generally. Wilkinsville, S. C_—February 2.—Rain in the afternoon with heavy thunder. 4th.—Thunder from 9 to ll a.m. 9th—Rain from 9 a. m. to 2 p. m.; at 3 p- m. a gale rose suddenly from the northwest and continued about three hours. 19th, rain from 104 to ll?a.m. 21st, dense fog falling from 64 to 9 a. m.; several peals of thunder at 7 a.m. 28th—The month was warm; cloudiness unusually great—only one clear day; the amount of rain small. ‘The buds of peach trees are much swollen, and nearly ready to come out. Atlanta, Georgia—February 24.—Plum trees in full bloom. 28th, first peach tree blossoms. Jacksonville, Florida—February 2.—Thunder-storm. Austin, Texas—¥ebruary 3.—At 8.45 p.m. a violent wind from the north- west. 10th, frost. 14th, small rise in the Colorado. 28th.—No steady rain fell till the night of the 27th. Chileshurg, Kentucky —¥ebraary 2.—Rain and thuader last night, and dis- tant thunder this morning with a shower of rain. 8th and 9th, six inches of snow fell, 13th, snow all gone. 10th, peaches all killed to-day in the bud. Mean temperature of the day 62°. 15th.—Mean temperature of this day 61°. 19th and 20th, steady rain. 21st, hail and a little snow. Kelley’s Island, Ohio.—F¥ive inches of snow, very moist and heavy, fell on the Feu 5th, and six inches, also very wet, on the 29th and 21st. Total fall of snow during the month, fourteen and a half inches. Urbana, Ohio—Kebruary 2.—Ground frozen seven inches in open exposed places. 13th, snow off the ground, having covered it since December 24th. Ice on ponds thirteen inches thick. 20th and 21st, four and three-quarter inches of snow. 23d, snow off. 28th, the mean temperature of the month was 4 38° above the mean of February for the past fifteen years. Kenton, Ohio.—February 27,—The ground was frozen in open places to the depth of twelve to fourteen inches, and in the roads from six to eight inches. The frost has been all out of the ground two days. 28th—The river opened on the 16th, and the highest water is to-day. North Fairfield, Ohio —¥ ebruary 21.—The hardest snow-storm of the winter; three inches of snow fell in an hour from 74 to 84 a.m. Eight and a half inches in all from the 19th to the 21st. Litchfield, Michigan.—¥ebruary 15 and 16.—Very heavy rain, and ten or twelve inches of snow on the ground at one time. Many bridges on the St. Joseph river were swept away. Kalamazoo, Michigan.—February 28.—The ground has not frozen at all in the woods or stubble-tields. Columbia, Indiana.—February 3 and 4.—Snowed very fast; the snow was so heavy as to weigh down thirty-foot trees to the ground. Muncie, indiana. ——February 28.—During the winter just closed there were thirty and three-fourths inches of snow, exceeding any previous winter for many years. Vevay, Indiana.—F ebruary 9.—A_ sudden change of temperature occurred last night. At 9 p. m. the thermometer was 50°, with indications cf rain; at 5 this morning 23°, and snowing briskly from the northeast, causing drifts four feet deep. 18th.—The Ohio river is rising at the rate of two inches an hour, and is in many places over the banks; all the bottom lands are submerged. 26th, first crocus in bloom. Rensselaer, Indiana —F¥ ebruary 15.—Thunder and lightning in the evening. 20th, very heavy sleet, which continued for two days; trees were bowed down to the ground. Aurora, Indiana—F ebruary 2.—The ice was broken and running out of the small streams emptying into the Ohio river. 15th, frost disappeared from the ground. 21st, the Ohio river reached its height this evening. All the bottom lands were inundated ; there was about fifty-four feet of water in the ae Manchester, Hltwess. —Febrnuary 1—Distant thunder about 5 p. m. 8th, distant thunder at 4 p.m. 15th, dis pit thunder during the day. Chicago, Illinois —February 15.—Tie Chicago river “clear fed i ice about half a mile trom the lake inwards. 21st, the paute branch of the Chicago river all free of ice. Aurora, Illinois —February 14—The river was the highest it has been for seven years; tue island opposite the city was overflowed to the depth of one foot; it has been overflowed but once before fur twenty years. 28th, the snow has mostly disappeared; only a little remains where there were large drifts. There has been more good sleighing during the month than in any February for a number of years. Peoria, ‘Illinois —February 15.—Thunder-showers ; thunder heard twice. Waterloo, Illinois —February 1—Rain, with lightning and thunder, from 5} to 9 p. m., then changed to snow. 15th, rain all day, with thunder and light- ning in the afternoon. Ottawa, Illinois —February 14.—The Illinois river broke up to-day; an un- usually heavy freshet prevailing, carrying away bridges, barns, fences, &c. 19.h.—Five inches of snow fell to-day. Mount Sterling, Illinois —February 28.—The ground has been frozen ov the _ 126 north side of buildings to the depth of three and a half feet; the general depth was about a foot and a half. The frost is not yet out of the ground except in some small spots exposed all day to the sun. Loami, Ulinois—The greatest depth of frost in the ground was ten inches on the 10th. Riley, I/linois—The temperature of February was 2.10 degrees higher than the mean of the month for thirteen years, and the amount of rain was two and one-third inches more than the mean of Febrnary for twelve years. Harrisonville, Missouri—February 13.—All streams overflowing, and all the «lodged ice carried off. In some localities the ground is not frozen more than eight inches, but in others from twelve to fifteen inches. St. Louis, Missouri —February 1—Rain began falling a little before 6 p.m.; about ten minutes after 6 there was a very vivid flash of lightning and a long roll of thunder in the west. Allenton, Missouri.—Thunder on the 1st, 15th, and 20th; on the 23d the temperature fell 43 degrees in ten hours—from 11 a. m. to 9 p. m. Riwiiice, Wisconsin.—F cbruary 27,—The first steamboat arrived from Chicago. Plymouth, Wisconsin —F¥ ebruary 28.—Snow pretty nearly all gone, but ground frozen yet. The only fall of snow this month deep enough to measure was one inch on the 4th. Baraboo, Wisconsin —February 15.—Hail the size of robin’s eggs fell from 4 p.m. to 4.20, leaving the ground covered and white, after which rain set in and continued with heavy thunder and vivid flash lightning till 8 p.m. 16th, snow from 7.10 a. m till 11 a.m, three-quarters of an inch. Saint Paul, Minnesota —No rain during the month, except a drizzle on the 12th, and some with the snow and hail on the 15th. Snow on the 4th, 10th, 15th, and 19th to 22d, eight inches in all. New Ulm, Minnesota —Four snows during the month; no rain except driz- zling a little. Minneapolis, Minnesota —Fall of snow for the month ten.and a half inches; good sleighing through the entire month. A thaw on the last two days, with dense fog and a mist or fine rain on the 28th. Iowa City, lowa.—T wenty-seven inches of snow fell during the month. The heaviest fall was twelve inches on the 3d and 4th. Muchrain onthe 12th, 13th and 15th. Davenport, Iowa.—Twelve inches of snow during the month, two inches on the 2d and 3d. Heavy rain on the 12th, 13th and 15th. Fort Madjson, lowa.—¥ebruary 27,—Depth of ground frozen, three feet. Fort, Dodge, lowa.—February 15 —Lightning and thunder coming from north- west and going southeast, accompanied aah heavy and moderate rain, alter- nately, mixed with hail. Algona, Iowa Gee 15.—Snow, sleet and rain from morning till’2. p.m.; lightu ng and thunder at 94 a.m., which lasted about an hour. 28th. _—A bout ‘in or eight inches of snow fell during the month, but it could not be measured accurately, on account of the wind blowing it away. Independence, lowa.—The fall of snow during the month, was six inches, of which two inches fell on the 3d and 4th, and four inches on the 19th. Thére was rain on the 12th, 13th, 15th and 27th. Monticello, lowa—¥ ebruary 13.—'The ice in the Waquopeta river at this place broke up \o-day, the water very high and doing much damage to bridges above this place. Waterloo, Inwa—February 14—The ice broke on Cedar river. 15th, river free of ice. Le Roy, Kansas—¥ebruary 1—Thunder at a distance in the southwest ys at 7 a m.; at § a. m. it passed to the southeast. 4th, Neosho river opened from ice. 13th, all frost disappeared from the ground. Manhattan, Kansas—No snow at the beginning of February, except in ravines, and not enough fell during the month to cover the ground. From the 15th to the 20th, the streams were higher than known since the settlement of the State; caused partly by rain and parily by the melting of snow above. Leavenworth, Kansas—F¥ebruary 15.—Diffused lightning at 4 a m., with thunder and rain from northeast. The Missouri river opened, the ice giving way by the river rising. ‘The ice was twelve inches thick. Boats commenced running. 28th.—Less than an inch of snow fell during the mouth. Atchison, Kansas —February 13.—Missouri river clear of ice opposite this city. 14th.—Ice moved in large quantities past the city to-day ; ferry-boats commenced making regular trips. 15th. Last night a storm, accompanied by thunder, lightning, rain and hail. Council Grove, Kansas —¥ ebruary 5.—Frost out of the ground in the most | favorable places. 8th, ground frozen egain. 15th, a slight shower at 4a. m,, | with a little thunder and lightning. Frost out of the ground again. 16th—Froze to the depth of two inches last night 28th, frost out of the ground generally A trifle of snow fell two or three times during the month, but not enough t whiten the ground Bellevue, Nebraska—February 13.—Small streams high; some bridges * jured. 28th, the fall of snow during the month was seven inches. Glendale, Nebraska —February 13—Waters high; small creeks rose f six to ten feet. 19th, Platte and Missouri rivers breaking up; on the closed again; breaking up again on the 28th. One and six-tenths inch snow fell during the month. Stirs nf at it toe) ’ vite ie | ¥ ste A , oe a Oe yey tye CD +, ibe Dam ahs a — mn Ne taht Kf haerneto ' ' ifaw at ae Si wus) 1 jiyig ety feet ee ' Wis “is «WH rey A 4 cn ; DAD Ole PAA it Fike : \ peg Pe Komen gas ’ : 5 1 } iovetal bef ber ans 4 a | Wik s Fina ybo bye iv Fi % ve ‘ : it ‘ “9 i v) ~*~, Ke oh Fal Bite 4 ‘y k “aN 19 bas) ik tian 7 , m_ vie t ‘| » MONTHLY REPORT THE AGRICULTURAL DEPARTMENT. 2d cdg! a Oe 1867, WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. n't th: shes a. ae ‘ : et ee | apy tes stig) er: PREC TTF Ae nine! ey ik led > ae Whe ' ’ om Saad. ” % > ame is er = ‘ é L. . 7 . a 4 g ’ . ; \ ar # ‘ a aie eet SPAS oe 7 y) 4 ; * 4 - Ps: mary * ‘ 4 ay - bent Uae eae a * * Sf Px ta A oe bat - ee" , . hs = ‘wali oe lL ya) oo sf MONTHLY REPORT. WASHINGTON, April, 1867. The present number of the Monthly Report contains a digest of an immense mass of valuable information, from careful and practical farmers of all sections of the country, relative to the condition of farm stock at the close of the late long and hard winter. It illustrates forcibly the improvidence and cruelty of farmers in neglecting to provide food and shelter for animals in climates where stock can ordinarily support life through the winter without aid from man. The promising prospect for an unusually heavy crop of wheat continues to be very favorable. After the preparation of the matter for this Report, and too late for a record of facts obtained, I commissioned J. R. Dodge, the statistician and editor of the Report, to represent the Department at the fair of the New York Wool Growers and Sheep Breeders’ Associations at Auburn, New York, deeming the effort of breeders there represented of the highest value to practical agriculture, and adding millions to the value of the wool of the country. Animals bearing a fleece of twenty to thirty pounds of fine wool in the grease, and nineteen to twenty pounds of lustrous long wool, are worthy of the high prices which they command; and breeders of such sheep are worthy of the gratitude and honor of their countrymen. Interesting tables of crop estimates of the several States, in convenient aggre- gates, will be fonnd worthy of particular examination. For all details of such statistics, and a great variety of other valuable matter I refer the reader to the body of the Report. I. NEWTON, Com’r. 132 CONDITION OF THE FARM STOCK OF THE UNITED STATES. The increasing magnitude of this interest, and the enhancement of values through judicious crossing and more liberal keeping and skillful management, render important a careful investigation into the condition of the farm stock of the country. The opening spring, when flocks and herds emerge from the severities of winter to depasture sweet and nutritious grasses, is the proper time for such a review. The increase of disease, from want of feed and care, and possibly from deterioration in constitution, by injudicious breeding and manage- ment, suggests the urgent necessity of examination into its character, causes, and results. An interest involving a capital of fourteen hundred millions, with- out reference to investments in lands, buildings, and incidentals, demands the watchful care of public guardians of our national resources. The following queries were embraced in a circular to correspondents, which was made returnable April 15th : ‘ The correspondents of the statistical division are respectfully requested to answer the following queries, in detail, as fully as may be practicable. The answers, of course, cannot be given in the usual definite mode, by tenths, but an opportunity is afforded for a statement of isolated facts of great importance, in such terms and at such length as may be agreeable to correspondents: 1. Has there been any prevailing disease among cattle in your county during the past year? If so, what disease, and to what extent ? 2, Has the Spanish fever prevailed among cattle in your county? If so, when did it appear, what has been the loss, and what method of treatment has been followed ¢ 3. Has the hog cholera prevailed? Ifso, what has been the loss, and what remedies employed ? 4. What diseases have prevailed among sheep, and to what extent ? 5. Has any unusual disease prevailed among horses? 6. What proportion of wool remains on hand compared with the whole amount of last year’s clip ? 7. In what condition have sheep come out of winter quarters ? 8. Are Cotswolds, Leicesters, South Downs, or other mutton breeds, more or less abundant than formerly? Please state definite facts, in actual experience, of the cost of keeping, amount of wool, &c., of these breeds, in comparison with Merinoes. No estimates are wanted, but actual facts, as full as may be practi- eable, from individuals who have bred both long and fine wool sheep. 9. What is the comparative condition of winter wheat ? of winter rye ? These circulars were sent to all regular correspondents, and the returns were very complete, both in point of numbers and of particular details. Very few cases of omission, even of a single item occurred. The result indicates a gen- erally favorable sanitary condition of farm stock, while it reveals disease and re- sultant loss, in particular localities, sufficient to excite apprehension and stimu- late vigilance in applying that prevention which is always so much safer and cheaper than attempted cure. Small as such percentage of loss may be, the aggregate would astonish the farmers of the country. Cattle have suffered less from disease than any other kind of live stock. Horses stand next to cattle in sanitary condition. Sheep have been attacked by a variety of diseases, includ- ing starvation, and the consequent fatality has been considerable. Swine, always more subject to disease than any other farm animals, have been as un- healthy as ever during the past year. The widely prevailing hog cholera has claimed its victims by thousands, and has been scarcely excluded from any sec- tion of the country, 133 DISEASES OF CATTLE. Exemption from disease has been quite general in the eastern and northwest- ern States, and few losses from maladies of whatever character are reported; nor has there been any widely prevailing epizootic among the cattle of the west and south. The diseases reported are pleuro-pneumonia, the so-called Spanish fever, abortion, horn-ail, bloody murrain, “ blackleg,”’ “distemper,” “swelled brisket,” and maladies with no name or well-defined symptoms. Pleuro-pneumonia.—This disease is reported in Newport county, Rhode Island; in Kings county, New York; in Hudson county, New Jersey; and in Bucks county, Pennsylvania. Our correspondent in Newport, Rhode Island, says: “ The cattle disease called pleuro-pneumonia has prevailed in this county to a limited extent for the last three or four years, but it has been considered exterminated several times since its first appearance here. From the best in- formation I can get, I think about ten head of eattle have died of the disease in this county the past year, and probably some thirty more have been sick with it, and have recovered so far as to be fatted for beef. I have heard of no new eases for the last four months, and I hope we are now rid of it in this county. To prevent the spread of the disease, we have kept isolated all cattle known to have been exposed to it until danger of contagion was past, by which means it has been kept within narrow limits.” In Baltimore county, Maryland, a prevailing disease is reported, which is called “lung fever.” It originated in the vicinity of Baltimore, and has spread considerably. In several dairies, numbering from twenty to eighty cows, heavy losses have occurred; in one, thirty cows; in another, twenty; in others, ten to fifteen cows. Various opinions relative to the disease and its treatment are en- tertained, with little agreement, except as to its contagiousness and the neces- sity of isolation. Frew symptoms are reported by which to decide how this differs from pleuro-pneumonia, or whether it may be identical with it. The animal refuses food when taken sick, and the milk secretion ceases; the lungs are found to be much decayed. Abortion —This disease has prevailed to some extent in the dairy districts of New York, and in Washington county, Vermont; one or two cases in a herd of twenty cows are common, and, in a few instances, half the herd have aborted. Dr. 8. J. Parker, of Tompkins county, New York, writes as follows: “Cows which are dried off in October or November, and have their calves knocked in the head before they suck, or are ‘deaconed,’ as it is called, and cows that are fed on their own whey, or have other disgusting or filthy processes to increase their milk, are very apt to abort; and the reason is apparent. The cow nurses her young till near the next birth; she never eats voluntarily her own semi- putrid milk or whey; oris ‘doctored’ or drugged to make more milk or cheese. Rosin, sulphur, nitre, and Spanish fly, and other articles, can hardly be got out of the head of certain farmers. Horses, cows, pigs, and all must have ‘a little dose of something’ all the time, they think.’ Hollow horn—Several places report the existence of “hollow horn.” In Fayette county, Indiana, as a correspondent reports, ‘it is very common at this season of the year, especially with milch cows, of which one-fifth of the number are affected.” The remedy in that quarter, which is vouched for as effectual, (as ‘it certainly is very simple,) “is to make a slit in the end of the tail, insert some black pepper and salt, mixed, then wrap and tie up. It is usual to bore a small hole in the side of the horn; also, to rub turpentine on the head back of the horns.” In Lawrence county, Alabama, the same disease is reported; in Troup and Houston counties, Georgia; in Lorain county, Ohio; and in Whitley county Kentucky. 134 Various diseases—In Park county, Colorado, a disease known there as “swelled brisket’ has occasioned twenty to thirty deaths. . In Barton county, Georgia, and Jackson and Emmet counties, Iowa, losses from “biack leg” are common. Bloody murrain is prevalent in Harford county, Maryland, where fifteen cases and eleven deaths have occurred; in Gloucester county, Virginia; and in Cla county, Alabama. In Gloucester county, Virginia, it is stated that “four-fifths of those attacked die,” and that “the loss is about ten per cent., one year with another.’ The estimate of loss is scarcely credible, if it is meant that a tenth of all the cattle of the county die annually from this cause. In many places diseases are spoken of under the vague terms “murrain” and “distemper.” In many cases reported, particularly in the south, these words are common. “Murrain” is prevalent in Barton county, Georgia; in Stokes and Lincoln counties, North Carolina. In Towns county, Georgia, “cattle pastured with cattle from the south take the murrain and invariably die, though those brought from the south do well,” (indicating the identity in this case of “ mur- rain” and Spanish fever.) In Caldwell county, North Carolina, “a disease among cattle known as ‘distemper’ proves fatal in nearly all cases,” while in some cases the words “murrain or distemper” are used. In Tippah county, Mississippi, the “dry murrain” prevails every autumn to some extent. A correspondent in York county, Virginia, says that “cattle brought into the tide-water region of the southern States are subject to bilious dysentery, which proves fatal in most cases.” A correspondent in Buchanan county, Iowa, says: “A disease has prevailed among cattle in the southern part of this county during the latter part of the winter and this spring. The animal is taken with weakness in the fore legs, heaviness of the eyes, which are much sunken, then a gurgling sound in the windpipe and discharges at the nose, gradually declining until death. ‘Tar has been used as aremedy. About three per cent. have died in that vicinity. The cattle in other parts of the county have not been affected.” Dr. G. M. Brown writes of a disease among cattle in Cumberland county, Virginia, which has prevailed at times for twenty years past, under the names, “Carolina distemper,” “cattle plague,” and “bloody murrain.” He is inclined to consider it identical with rinderpest, but, from the description he gives, it is evidently not the cattle plague of Europe, which has never prevailed in this country. When it does appear, it will not be twenty years in making itself generally known. He says of it: «The disease is attended with a great degree of fever, as shown in the case of milch cows by the cow suddenly ceasing to give milk, though the day before suckling her calf and giving the full quantity of milk. Sucking calves have es- eaped when the mother would die. The bowels at first are said to be constipated, and no cases have been said to be attended with diarrhoea or discharges of blood from the bowels; I presume because the disease has been so speedily fatal. The muscular twitchings and throbbing of the arteries (as I suppose) about the neck and head have been noticed; whether there has been any eruption on the sur- face, or the mucous membrane of the mouth or nose, has not been detected, or examined for, I apprehend, but the eyes are always affected—red and mattering. In the few cases that have been very imperfectly examined, after death, the con- tents of the stomach are described to be as dry as a chip, and the kidneys chiefly diseased. There is no doubt in my mind that this disease is similar to the rind- erpest of Europe, if not identical with it, having the same symptoms of a malig- nant, contagious fever, of a typhoid character, and closely resembling the disease of the human system known under various names, as typhus, typhoid, and ner- vous fevers. Medical treatment appears to have been of little benefit ; only in four or five cases ‘as far as I have had opportunity to inquire) have recoveries occurred, 135 and these chiefly when they were given up to negroes to do with them as they liked or being turned out to die; in two cases the cattle were exposed to long continued and cold rains, for the season, and recovered. ‘The gentleman who reported the last cases added that, thinking he had learned something from this accidental use of cold water to the surface, the next and only case he has had since, being a favorite cow, he had cold water applied freely and frequently, which was followed by recovery. The negro treatment of the disease was very simple, but is said to be effectual in two cases. The tail of the animal was cut off very near the body, within a few inches, and green corn and apples, and similar things, used to entice the animal to eat. But I should not have troubled you with this tedious detail of description and treatment of this distemper if I had not some facts to make known to you as preventive of this disease, which the people here, who have tried it and known it for years, have as much confidence in as that vaccin- ation will protect them from small-pox. It has been known and practiced for years by many in this county, that the keeping and herding of goats with the cattle gives certain protection against this cattle plague or distemper above described. In all my inquiries, all say they never knew a case of this disease where goats were reared and used among the cattle; and in many instances, after a farmer had lost some of his cattle, he would secure goats afterwards to range with his herd, and never as yet had the disease to return. At Carters- ville, a village in this county, and its neighborhood, many years ago, this dis- ease prevailed to the almost entire destruction of the cattle. The people then obtained goats, and for many years they were free from the plague; but in time, by neglect and the boys, the goats were driven off or killed, and this distemper returned, the same and as fatal as ever before.” SPANISH FEVER. The disease known in a certain belt of country by this appellation, and sometimes as Texas fever, has proved exceedingly fatal, and has excited great apprehension in States in which it has ever raged; and in many cases it has aroused the hot indignation of stock-growers against Texan cattle drovers, who have been threatened with combined armed opposition, and compelled to desist from the prosecution of their trade. Few observers of this disease are qualified to describe its symptoms with suf- ficient accuracy to enable one to judge of its precise character. Indeed, it is probable that the most scientific medical men, after careful and skillful examina- tion, might differ widely in their conclusions. Our correspondents have fur- nished much information of a general character, not at all contradictory in the main facts, but by no means full in description of the symptoms. It has been assumed by some to be identical with rinderpest. The assump- tion is utterly erroneous. The Texas cattle, in whose path of migration the local herds receive the subtle infection and sicken and die without remedy, are themselves exempt from outward sign of disease while communicating a deadly poison to others, apparently through the excrementitious matter which they leave in their track. This is by no means a characteristic of rinderpest. In this Spanish fever the infected beast, according to these returns, generally has an appetite and eats regularly during the progress of the disease ; in rinderpest, on the contrary, the appetite is irregular, capricious, and then entirely lost. In the former, in some cases if not always, the bowels are open; while in the dreaded cattle disease of Europe constipation is the rule, succeeded in the pro- gress of the disease by dysentery. In. the Spanish fever there are discharges from the nose, as the disease progresses, of a greenish matter, which may or may not be similar to the greenish yellow and somewhat dense granular deposit upon the nasal orifices in rinderpest. The duration of the Spanish fever is variable. It appears to reach a fatal 136 termination, in some instances, in two or three days; in others, a week; in others still, ten or twelve days. It is a singular fact not only that the migrating herds improve in condition while disseminating the disease, but that such disease does not prevail, if it even exists, in the localities from which the cattle originate. Yet their bodies must contain the germ of disease, the virulent animal poison which is communicated by their excretions to the pastures upon which their victims feed after them. The conditions necessary for the a oemeut of this poison are found in the latitude of southern Kansas and Missouri, in the more elevated sections of Arkansas, in parts of Tennessee, in southern Kentucky, in North Carolina, and the hill lands of Georgia and South Carolina. It is not reported further north than southern Illinois, and not known in Ohio, Pennsylvania, or Maryland. A convincing proof that its development is referable in some way to climate is shown by a fact mentioned by a correspondent of its existence in the mountain lands of Georgia, generated by removal scarcely fifty miles away from the low lands. , That it is not produced by travel is evident, else cattle driven from Iowa to Ohio should sometimes show symptoms of it. More conclusive still is the fact that Texas cattle, driven to New Orleans, do not communicate the disease to the cat- tle of Louisiana. A correspondent mentions a fact which may be regarded as a marked corroboration. Eight hundred Texas cattle were last season driven into Mississippi county, Arkansas, and were scattered through the county without producing disease. This county lies in a latitude sufficiently high to awaken an expectation of a fatal result of such a migration; but it is on the Mississippi ‘river, In a miasmatic region. It is possible that this suggestion covers the rea- son for the non-development of the disease. A slip has been received from advance proofs of the Southern Cultivator for May, containing a letter from an experienced cattle drover relative to this dis- ease, which shows that Florida cattle, as well as those from Texas, are capable of producing the disease under the proper climatic conditions. The letter is as follows : : ‘ ATHENS, GEorGIA, April, 1867. Epirors SouTHERN CuLTivaTor: Mr. Isaae Newton, the Commissioner of Agriculture, desires information in regard to the cattle fever, or Spanish fever, as it is generally called. I have been a cattle dealer for 25 or 30 years, and in that time have had many a death among my stock by this disease, and have in consequence taken some notice, meanwhile endeavoring to learn its causes and how it was brought about. I notice that cattle scarcely ever take the fever if let remain where they were raised, and I am fully convinced it is generally brought on by a change of eli- mate. For instance, you take cattle from the mountain country to the low coun- try and they will take the fever in a short time and die, but their disease will not affect the cattle raised there; but, on the other hand, take cattle raised in what we call a distempered part of our country—that is, the low country—from warm latitudes, up into a colder one, they will themselves improve all the time ; but, without being sick themselves, they will spread the fever and kill the cattle in the section of country into which they are taken, till they travel on, or stay or have staid long enough for the fever to leave the system. I have been in the habit of driving cattle from Florida to Virginia, and found my cattle to improve and do well; but after I passed the line of 34 degrees, they began to spread the fever all along the line of travel among the stock raised in that section of the country, till 1 struck the line of Virginia, which is a distance of about 250 miles, then it ceased, and all went on well. I suppose the reason for its stop- ping was, that my cattle had been out of the low country long enough to be- come acclimated. Hence, I think the disease is originated from a change of 137 climate, either from a colder to a warmer climate, or taking them from a warm climate to a more cool and healthy one. How it is that they carry the disease with them, and give to others without injury to themselves, is a mystery I am not able to solve, and will leave that to be discussed by the bureau of investi- gation. Respectfully, I. WILKERSON. Mr. White, the editor of the Cultivator, indorses Colonel Wilkerson as a man of experience and good judgment, whose statement of facts can be relied on. From all that has been learned from this correspondence or from other sources, all medication has thus far proved entirely futile. Without pretending to unravel the mystery of the terrible fatality of this disease, received through an animal that is apparently free from all maladies, we propose to give brief extracts from our correspondence on this subject, that readers may note for.themselves the agreements or discrepancies of actual ob- servers. Texas correspondents are indignant in their comments on the Texas fever. One in Dewitt county says he has been ia that State since 1849, and has never known any prevailing disease to exist among cattle there. He says there is sometimes a Spanish fever among horses, but never among cattle. Another in Collin county says that cattle brought there from the north are subject to such a disease. A correspondent at Goliad, Texas, deems the disease a myth, and says: “This tale was no doubt started to injure the sale of our cattle; but, strange to say, while our cattle have such terribly fatal diseases in the Indian Territory, Kansas, and Missouri, this pest never follows our stoek to New Orleans. No single complaint of this fever has as yet reached us, from the Texas cattle bought low, at an overstocked market, in that city and taken up the river to be fattened and reshipped, as stall-fed western beef. I can see no excuse for these com- plaints, and can account for them upon no other ground than selfishness.” In Linn county, Kansas, it has been prevalent in summer and fall, but is sel- dom, if ever, known in winter. In Butler county, Kansas, one hundred and forty-one cases are reported. Osage county, Kansas.—* A disease made its appearance at Burlingame, in. this county, about the 1st of August last, called by some Spanish fever; by some, dry murrain. Afterwards it prevailed in other parts of the county. It was principally confined to the Santa Fé road, which runs east and west through the county. Not one in twenty recovered. The damage from it could not be less than $5,000. Blooded stock were more frequently attacked, and rarely re- covered. ‘The usual remedies for murrain were tried, but were of no avail. Af- ter that medicines were given as experiments, but the cures were so few, if any there were, that nothing certain was established. The first symptoms were a moping and an apparent weakness about the loins. A high fever set in, and the animal kept on foot, eating and drinking as usual, until it laid down to die. Some were packed in wet cloths ; some were drenched with salts; to some, sul- phur, saltpetre, sweet spirits of nitre, lard, copperas, garlick, poke root, and other medicines, in indefinite quantities, were administered. Let alone was the - best remedy. 'The animal died in about one week after it was attacked. There seemed no difficulty in getting physic to operate; the bowels were generally ac- tive and open. After death there seemed to have been a high fever in some lo- cality ; sometimes in the stomach, sometimes in the kidneys, sometimes in the lungs. As a general rule the stomach was dried up; the bladder full of red wa- ter, but not bloody. The eyes looked as usual, and the fore-quarters seemed strong. I account for the different appearance in different animals from the fact that injurious medicines of different kinds had been given to different animals 138 which I examined. All this stock had pure water and good grass. The first case that occurred was that of an ox, which belonged to a logging team of seven yoke. ‘This ox, on account of his breachy propensities, was kept at nights in a stable, and watered from a well of pure water. When not at work in the day- time he was staked out to grass with a long rope. About two weeks before he was attacked with this disease a herd of Texas cattle came along and were stopped and fed around him for an hour or more. Soon after the rest of this team were attacked, and all died but one, which escaped the disease. Along the trail of this Texas herd, which left the Santa Fé road at Burlingame, and travelled north, almost every farmer lost stock. Cattle that belonged to Bur- lingame, and ranged north over this trail, nearly all died, while those which ranged south all escaped, though they were herded at night in the same yards. Another herd of Texas cattle passed through the county eight miles east of Bur- lingame, in another direction, and they left their trail, whole herds dying where they passed along. People here are unanimously of the opinion that the disease came from Texas. Cattle from the Cherokee country do not bring that disease. Neither do these cattle after they have been wintered here.” Leavenworth county, Kansas—* Spanish fever was brought in by Texan cat- tle, but was confined to certain limits, on uninhabited Indian reserves, as the people would not allow any to be pastured around farms in the settlements. It appeared from three to four weeks after the Texas cattle came in, or passed by, among cattle that grazed on the same ground where the Texans had grazed over night, or staid for a greater length of time. It appeared in the latter part of July. The Texans arrived in June. At four different times in seven years this has been the case—always three or four weeks subsequent to the Texan ar- rivals. Loss, ninety-five per cent. of those attacked. Bleeding, cathartics, stimulants, hydropathy, &c., have been tried by multitudes. I have personally exhausted the whole range of cattle medicines, and lost very largely in 1857, 1858, and 1859, but found no remedy in any direction; in a word, there is none known. All were attacked that were exposed to the cause.” Woodson county, Kansas—‘The Spanish fever broke out in December, and raged until the 1st of January, when the cold weather set in and checked it. In the immediate localities where the Texas cattle crossed the country the losses were heavy. Some farmers lost all they had, and no less than thirty per cent. of the cattle have died. The methods of treatment have been various. I have treated the disease in its incipient stages, and have seen everything tried that ingenuity could devise. Calomel did no good; salts and alkalies all failed ; soap I have seen tried with no satisfactory results. Guano, from the goose cot, I be- lieve will frequently effect a cure, given in doses of one quart until a thorough evacuation is produced. 'This I know to be a sovereign and unfailing remedy for the dry murrain.”’ Douglas county, Kansas— The Spanish fever, or something similar, made its appearance about the first of February among a few cattle that were driven from the south. I think the severity of the winter caused the greatest loss ; about one-third of all the cattle brought from the south have died. The only treatment was to give the weaker ones a little more care, and separate them from the stronger ones.” Fort Scott, Bourbon county, Kansas‘ The Spanish fever appeared during the first part of last May, about the time Texas cattle commenced driving, and continued all summer. Texas cattle did not appear to suffer any ill effect from the disease, but fully one-half of the native eattle in the county died with it. No remedy has been found for this disease.” Franklin county, Kansas—“ Within the last ten years we have had the Spanish fever in this county three times, and it is indisputable that in every case cattle from the south had been driven through our county. Yet I have frequently heard those who have resided in Texas say that the disease known 139 here as Spanish fever is unknown in the section they came from. I think it is generally admitted that it is only when cattle are driven in droves in hot weather that the disease manifests itself. The only steer I saved after heing diseased by the Spanish fever was by soaking a large plug of tobacco till it became quite pliable, and then using it by injection. In the course of half an hour, by repeat- ing the process several times, a passage was effected ; the steer, in a few weeks, became quite healthy. In the cattle which have died of this fever the mani- folds are as hard as a pressed cotton-bale. This, I think probable, is the diffi- culty to overcome.” Howard county, Missourz.—“ There were a few cases of Spanish fever among cattle in this county, immediately on the public roads on which Texas cattle had been driven. Noother disease. August was the month in which the above fever occurred. No treatment was instituted, and all died.” Cass county, Missourt— The Spanish fever appeared in July and August, after the passage of droves of stock from Texas and Arkansas. Some sections of the county did not suffer; others, through which the travel mainly passed, lost fully five per cent. of their stock. The loss throughout the county is fully two per cent. of the whole number of cattle. Various remedies were tried to save the sick cattle, but nothing found effectual.” Callaway county, Missouri—“ We lost some cattle last summer with the Spanish fever, immediately on the trail of a drove of Texas cattle that passed through our county. Almost every one living on the road where they passed lost more or less if their cattle ran outside or grazed on the same pasture or prairie; but it did not spread from those farms on the road. Almost all that were attacked died. We know of no cure for it.” Christian county, Missouri.—* Spanish fever was introduced into the western, part of this county by droves of Texas cattle passing in October. Was very fatal, but did not spread over but a small portion of the county. No remedy applied.” S Neher county, Missourt.—“* The Spanish fever appeared about the first of July and continued until the first of October. Various remedies have been tried, but none proved effectual. The fever appeared to be caused by Texas cattle passing through the country. Many droves were stopped last summer by the citizens, and not allowed to pass until October. There was no sign of dis- ease among the Texas cattle.” . Bates county, Missouri — 2t/..2.2s2ak yelby-seee sae AGGhO65}seee—- seer 118, 174 Househeldeturniture-o22 -eeeen ce ae cee eee eles AT. DOA Se ee eee 77,309 ORC AKG: se tee shee nec ence ee a pounds..| 4,124,660; 107, 487| 7,442,492} 195, 453 Provisions : Bieeiee 5s Wee ie oe SRE ee ET pounds..| 1,447,508} 160,881) 1,776,755] 184,748 ES Utter eee A 8 tS oe Aa 8 oe i IE doses 145, 486 37,863} 236, 261 71,757 Wheesp een cts. cass. oe poe ees. do...-} 2,788,106; 399,638] 1,343,818} 262, 150 Fish, dried and smoked......--..----- ewt.. 11, 709 62, 803 11, 066 52, 023 DUES OY cea te Aa CRIA et PCRS Dad wee eR eA Sl 1,700) 205-2 1, 037 pickled..2 Sue Tees ee barrels-- 900 8, 297 1,973 20, 372 Eiamstinds bacon sc-sisce soe eee eee pounds-.} 2,502,650} 295, 867} 3,531,399} 414, 906 NR re cic ee do..- 524, 523} 4,618,760} 623, 899 OTK ee eee eo cies ee ee ee do. 261, 192) 2,190,936} 241, 347 LEDS ast: eee er i SA bushels- 31, 756 54, 627 56, 129 allow. .oc. 3% 4. ee eee pounds 205, 983] 2,862,720} 317,300 Tobacco Len a ee ee pounds 596, 773) 8,181,339} 755, 026 @icars*:. 52.2 -c6257 thee eter eee eee 2,518 226 7,012 Grae: 3215. Loo. eee eee pounds -- 169 234 Manufactures not specified -..----.- ees See eee 177,794 193, 273 (D7 Me ee) ok eee Le = 32, 431, 117 32, 462, 341 ietner-CXPOTS.<.... sc soe e eee eee eas [aoe eins 7, 517, 496 6, 013, 534 Petaliexports ..... ccebee eee eee eater 39, 948, 613 38, 475, 875 4 155 PRICES OF WOOL UNDER THE NEW TARIFF. The following comparison of prices of wool before and since the passage of the late tariff act, as prepared for the United States Economist, shows an enhancement of values of domestic wools which promises a fair encouragement to sheep husbandry : Grades of wool. February 22. April 26. Per pound. Per pound. Aerie Teeny HORCO oc -> Joe Jon's cose nesaseasss so 50 624 to 75 AmMeneanetoll=-hlood Menno. << <<. 26s 5. Seo ob Se 4548 3 58 to 64 American, half and three-quarters Merino t 53 to 57 Jo LES ele i a eee nee ae 50 to 55 PERO PMCS P4sulia o= > st Sana Stee Seas gee aes 40 to 50 0 SLES a a? SS ae oe ee eee 30 to 40 ulmomiarunywyweashed' so 522 sk shoe dele aelewee cena 30 to 40 Paiitennia COMMON, Seo ook ous sociales cmaeactecee ce ‘ 22: to 27 Ee oes lm agare wiemciniiaelaninuiie's dasiatihualsjar oats 18 to 33 enmMian uM Washed: <- oe) LHe GSi 2 conc, ene acon cece ces 3 ; 30 to 33 PeMEretnIEO, PAWHSHED. 252.2 enc caren se ce eye sem noo ese ‘ 28 to 30 South American Mestiza, unwashed.-.--..---.-.----..-.- y 32 to 34 South American, common, unwashed ----...---.......--- 20 *tow27 eubNMericHm COLdOVa <.soafseckin oan enc cece ann saci ce 40 to 46 PREM LON My TEIOCe ce sate ajoroe ore we eta ore ako aaalowmeciast » 32 to 38 PRIGUGH NE PUMPS HOO! | a oe oc cin alse pclae cio sb woe ‘ 20 to 30 LAUT BBLS EIST LCGTO NESE See ae Ei an A Ra 30 to 40 MUNG UN WASN COE oa © Seisre mec min seine Stee nyeeteyomioe 20 to 27 Peer tie STC RSH OU Se 2h. fF a's Ion /galeiwmiciaie Stein idiade) dda a y 28 to 32 RAEN WSHOO: Us acne ls ometinmecieh ae cdodiaudseeoes 39 to 58 30 to 58 156 ep ch 69 09 09 £3 res 1 see 0B Lg re cca hapless > apm a i ge cg 29 OL LL BL LY Gq 9g Lg 9g 8h = Spee ae 2 = “ORY Gg 0g L9 GL GL ov QP 0g re £09 GP “seoprtertsees***pjoorq soz1enb-so1y, 7, QP ¢9 g9 OL OL Gs cE OP GS 68 6S TS Op oe ae ee TLOULULON): s [OOIAN, OL GL OL 69 69° LI 0% 06 0G oe 83 Te °OD* * Sens ASA ONeS ss Sea TTING NUE] T OL 06 _G% 0g 08 6 OL IT aL OL Fol “*punods+++++++++-*-£xonjuoy + ooovqoy, 410 FIT veld FPL FIT 6 For f0L FOL Til #01 TS EOD ss hes tans neem meee ass OTe, cI OL 0g $61 #8 8 fg £8 FL IT OL --panod> s4~-*= us etieng> se saree: BOAR 09 Gx GL 0G & 06 @ 0G & 09 T OL I 09 T, | #28 T cr T BLT jf youssorsesereess +> ong ‘oodieary :4[8g 0S OL | tL 6 0S OL} G@ or! 008 GL g él P 00 G3 P 00S GG PP 4ako “SO SSP choses eset eae ie ear 6I 06 0% ELT ral L Or OL #2 &I OL DSSS) So ~ oer Se’ nen Gel ie c= Gas aria RB 0S cE 1g 61 OL 81 $B cB L@ 03 SBS QD MSe7 Senna ss": np Yoonen FEL 06 8. cae FOL 46 TIL $1 FI Saal OL Pa RD ge ae ace) ssl nys sieiar ae soe ee 16 rai GT FIT ba $9 EL £9 FL 6 fz “ssopr rt srr rere -SloplnoYys poppord ET FLU SI $oI ¥L #8 £6 $6 Or IT £6 “-punod****e" =***™s - Auunoo ‘ssour ‘Yoo 00 61 00 #6} 00 S@| $28 SZ] 00 SI GS SL: Se PLE SACL | Se-e1"| s06esE | 08 SE |-"scop ss" <*> = 0 "= eee oorid sonore 08 @ 00 98 | 009%} 06 93] 006 ALi} SLZ2ZL} SE OL] G2 8L} 00 €3] 00 GI |" 1e11Bq---------- ssour ‘HIOg : sUOISIAOIg 09 G9 ce RB 0% of Or SI 8 OL 6 --PULNG? > *'ss ose <'s eiee-tne sae RRR nny 06 T 09 06 09 T 08 08 c6 cL cp CL 08 “59S sss S18 nino sine Ginaln se) digi eiele: snails oe 8% ge peoge2 = 500g $99 HEI £11 rat FOL FPL t0L ~*punod-**-----puvydg surppry :10j409 Or T 98 8P T ge T 6 L9 a8 98 GL 08 a9 "Ses Op gr sssasss sccies= = MoTek Amma €8 19 GL 98 cg 9g ep rg OF 8g Ov * Sa QO Saas qecee sees ems SOUCY gg T QL $0 T eo T €0 T a9 Pg t8 99 06 QL ahaa al ali ane eal sei Oe I -Y.6% Or Go Z G8 T a8 I 08 I 69 T G9 T OL T ce T G8 I 08 T |-"yoysnqrs*e" >>> oyryM oumnrd ‘yee AA 0S 9 G8 § GL 00 9 GI P 8 & 08 06 ¢ 0S Coe | ¥L @ [7 Opr ste e---* Aosr0r “eou u10p GL 8 06 OL 9 00 9 00 F Ol sg os GLE OF 0g & G2 Ge |S sskOp +s seas sb iadse er ino. oh oL orf | oL ZO} 06 981} OF 24] 009 06 6$ | og e$} og ch} cs PS] 00 9%) OG Ge |-*poLIEG----oyRIg “Moy yoy AA :synyispeorg “L98I “9981 “GOST ‘P9B8L “S9sT “T98T “098T “6S8I *8o81 “LS81 ‘ooTOMIULOY) JO [LUIMOL YIOX MON oY} oy porvdoad goomd oaryervduros Jo yuomoyvys popuojxo uv WO’, posuopuod st ‘vok yovo ur Avy Jo Avp 4say oy} uo ‘AIOX MON ur ‘savok oArMoosuod oApoA} OJ sJonpord ure}109 Jo soolad Jo JUOMIOYL}s SULAOTTOF OY,T, ‘S.LONGOUd TVUOLTAOLUOV WO saoldd / 157 RESULTS OF FATTENING. The following statement of an experiment in cattle-feeding was communi- cated by Count V. Riedelsee, Hisenbach, for the agricultural journal of Hessia, and is translated for this report. The cattle represented in these tables were weighed every four weeks. Their food was of good, sound quality, seasoned at the end of the week with one-fourth pound of salt per head. | 3 R 3 re) S : S 4 F ode Pah AE Ue OP WP 2 os 2 ® = g ® = A oS z oS g = o, KS) 26 g 25 q 2° oS) Numberof| = & == Ua ie =| re ag og Le | a 24 a 3 om | 22 | 23 |ee|2a | 2} 22/2) 2¢| 2 [ze] = | 2 = cae te Ho re Ao =) Bo 3 Zo = = 2 ae bg fos El ad q Bs EI 24 | 2 & 2 3 2 3 2 3 = 3 g ‘3 =) = a ei o | - 6 | E & = o B Lbs. | Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. | Lbs. No.) tesee 1,300 | 130 1, 490 90} 420 Bsae 1, 250 90 1, 480 120 395 el 1°410 | 130 1645| 135] 545 . 1, 225 45 1, 340 90 290 ae 1.100] 40 17370} 140] 405 Gosia" 1, 150 80 1, 350 100 415 Taene? 1,190 80 1, 285 50 320 Scsek 1, 090 20 1,215 65 230 ii 1120} 80 1) 190 40| 240 Meo 1.140} 100 1; 280 70| 340 {ieee 1.190: | wo ssp | ya9 Lo ee 330 1 pee 870 20 hie £8902} 8 eo BO | a scket 4 fs ae 105 SSS cs 2 Se A ee eS) i eS ee Paige B20; -2--) 920} 00) |W. seas.) Se. ce 100 eet lttieenw land ase Soh cose ee Oo Reh ioeases [aaa sc fae eee & 830 80 80 Taha Ee Se ee ee ee ee. 2 eee ae eee 870 70 70 hod -1 OS 5247 BSR Re EE) RE eS ee, Ae eee 815 65 65 Total ..-| 11,750 | 12,240 | 490] 13,030 | 790 | 14,735 | 935 16,160 | 1,115 | 4,350 I The rations fed consisted of, for the first month, distillery refuse from 400 pounds of grain; 50 pounds chaff, mixed with 25 pounds cut provender, (straw;) 100 pounds hay, 40 pounds green malt. For the second month, distillery refuse from 400 pounds of grain; 50 pounds chaff, 25 pounds cut provender, 100 pounds hay, 40 pounds ground rye, 40 pounds green malt, (or beans and peas.) For the third month, as also for the next two, (fourth and fifth,) the same, only adding 10 pounds more of ground grains, peas or beans. The race in question is the Vogelsberger. Highest gain for the term of five months, 545 pounds; least gain for the term of five months, 230 pounds; highest gain for one single day, 3.61 pounds; smallest gain for one single day, 1.52 pound. The oxen from 11 to 16 are not taken into consideration, as not being kept for the whole term. We found that the individual state of each single animal has much to do with its getting fat, some gaining more than twice as fast as others, showing that the best animals only ought to be kept. In the whole term of five months 4,350 pounds of live weight were gained, with 64,192 pounds of food. Therefore 14.7 pounds of food produced 1 pound, though the same will be produced by 7 pounds of some other kinds of food. No kind of food, however, should be employed of which more than 20 pounds are required to make 1 pound of meat. Estimating 100 pounds of live weight as being worth ten dollars, the value would be $435. Therefore 642 ewt. of food produced $435 worth of meat, or per cwt. $6.77. This shows a fair pay for promiscuous feeding material, not to mention the gain of excellent dung. These rations in question were rather high in price, and I do not doubt that almost any other combination of food might do better. 158 In comparing my results with others I concluded to increase the addition of rich feeding matter towards the middle of the fattening term, and then decrease again, not however, diminishing the amount of food to be consumed. I likewise found that feeding oil-cake, maize, brans, oats, &c., will increase the rapidity of fattening and not require as big a bulk, thus saving time and matter. All such and similar facts may be established by not neglecting to weigh the cattle. REFUSE MATTERS OF FACTORIES AS FERTILIZERS. “The Journal of Agriculture” of Rhenish Prussia states that the refuse matters of the potash factory of Deutz are being used to great advantage as fertilizers. Dr. Camrodt writes that he used 70 ewt. of this refuse per acre, at a cost of about one dollar, and harvested an increased crop of 30 ewt. per acre over the yield of lands upon which it was not used, making a clear profit of about $20 per acre. Thousands of tons of this refuse accumulate around the western asheries, where black salt and pearlash are manufactured from wood ashes, and from analysis and experiment it_is considered a valuable and economical fertilizer at $2 50 per ton. It is applied to the soil in the fall, and has a tendency to keep the ground mellow and well pulverized. Gypsum, rich in potash, also aceumu- lates in these factories, and is found to be especially adapted to grass and clover, in many instances doubling the crops. The richest of all such matters, however, is said to bethe refuse in making beet sugar. The dirty water, as the lye was called in the infancy of beet-sugar manufacture, was formely conducted into ponds and rivers, killing the fish and poisoning the air far around, but by experiment the material proves to be worth almost as much as a fertilizer as the sugar produces in the market. . / DESTRUCTION OF INSECTS INFESTING CEREALS. In an article by M. Gaud, agricultural engineer of Belgium, it appears that sinee the year 1865 the depredations of the weevil and the alucite in that country have been alarming, and the scourge threatens to become even greater in the future, these parasites appearing in incredible numbers in the southwestern portion of the country. It is stated that in 1770, when the granaries of L’ Angoumois were invaded by an army of alucites, sulphur-gas was the most effective remedy ap- plied. The grain was deposited in barrels smoked with burning sulphur—the vessel being prepared by burning within it a few sulphur threads, made by drawing coarse threads through melted brimstone. Fifteen inches of this thread is sufficient for each barrel. The grain is then thrown in and kept there under cover for fifteen minutes, when the operation is complete. If the grain be very much damaged by the parasites, it should remain somewhat longer in the barrel. [The only objection to this plan would be the taste or smell of the grain af- terwards if used fer bread. Would it not affect germination ?| 159 ‘or ‘Ayunoo | uy “pag ‘KoUNOD J UT "Ra8 ‘KOI}UNOD g UT “sq 010 -puodsor109 amo Aq potodot sv ‘9981 ut sdop Aq poly dooys Jo ‘on 00 00 00 00 00 PP OS “plo 1vat T 1aA0 ames Jo peoy sed vorid asei0ay €1 Or OL AT L 00 00 00 Pb ¢ g 00 GI 00 €& | GOL aL af ‘plo ae0A [ 1apan emes Jo pvay aad oorid aSei0ay OL 06 IL oT iat TATA poredurod taquinu sse1Ay ‘syTopttodser109 Mo Jo gTAMJoI OT WON pasugq ‘soynmITs9 9FvLIAn OB OAOGR OTT, ‘plod to Aouad ur pred ere soolId OY} LOYJOYA OS[B fUBOTXOTT IO WROTIOUTY AOy}OTAA ‘Spoorq oy} Wodn youu AroA Saypuodop ‘so1opay, pus soyv}9 OO SDS ae nes | aes OLOV, OY} UT 3O0}S OF Sood Jo OFUVA OPIAL B ST O.LOTL, a aes |i OOIXOP, MON "ros 99° MOMBC. 06 G°IT j7 77777 * BpBAon 06 & 1G LOL |°77* °7 7" WOS0IO OF ef O@$ | GIT [7777 * BrIMAOFTED > > |) > > pl bl Pp eb b> > > > > > > > b a ie 4 < 4/4 4 diodigd! 4 4 fl ests tl yeast 4 4 4) ed] od < 4 ies) ® o oO i) <) O\5 2 oO @® @ os aoe oO 4 @ oe og ¢g = fy 3 ts 5 oglee 7é 3 rt 3 2 SB 3 9 2 oa) a8 9 pp cme 4 aR OQ = 79 oR aQ og a a Cages a 43 aid oo|2 3 mult ore 23 ules @|9o | ae) oe ge ® gy | 81S | BISSSSIBSIeg! Bley |BSlBy las] 2 ee ley) es | ag) ge fae | et mo eh f =F sa =f . =f i. pee 5 a 5 FF) oe He oF 5 Aa we BS os 5 we | ea Bo 86 8 9 ® ol] Ol] ee Ie op Op O10] HS Oo} pO] po}] LO |] we ® ®}/ po] Lo | wo ° ® ° De loglibayiBoali a] Lo | dna Bey Be ms | De | ‘dog Eg by Ps Bhi ° Fe 41 | 2s o|jao|aoido| 241 2o!]Aa |] ao | Sa |] St |] Sa | ae | Ae | So] Be Reg f=P) i=) p Or . Fr @) mle SH4\ 4.410 4] Po | Ba 4 3) O08 | M6 | Ba 4 | ao Poe SOLIO}It »|ee| ¢|s Coe r Maes Sl da) Se) Mel ee) 8) de] So) Oe) Be) 8 | soy pun soe Sieg | Eee Bapigglogled| Bles | ee ide | ce) 58 | o Bie igee mma ag |e ne B] &/ Bi/*| ZlsSBRR/EE| S/ER/E5/E8/58| 2) ER/ 25/88) 58) 2 E ra A lSoluwolmol’ o a oj] zo] mo 2 @ Beis aaa a area | eet @ | & Um a ay acl pean >, o Ph a om > & Fh om °° a Q nlon) = 2 7 ie) ae = 2 mo A =n a m £ ® 4 4 P/al ap) p 4 E p2 a2 eo 4 E Bo | pe © 4 ce ee P| Feet fe, =| d= Jan = . B B B es B B B =e bh i o = o| | @| o = ® ® a) ® =a ® ® ® ® = “NOXO GNV AILLVO “SU TAW “SUSUOH "LOST ‘Aavnigag fo ist ayn uo aus ay fo sanrisd ayn puv ‘9g9R} ‘havnigagy Ur yunowup ay? yun paspduoo ‘LOST ‘hLvnigaygy Ut pauvu sar1tojisLoT, PUY S2]DI ay fo YIO9S usaf ay? fo ‘SY ]UI} Ut QUNOUWD 2Y? Surnoys 29?°L ‘SHLLV.LS OILMIOVd GHL NI MOOLS WUVA HO SHOIUd 160 Table showing the average yield per acre in 1866, and the prices of the principal JSarm products in Nevada, Washington, and New Mexico, on the 1st of Jan- wary, 1867. NEVADA, WASHINGTON. NEW MEXICO, ' Mh ' u 1 q q q &, a a. a 2 a ° . ° 5 a . ro es Ss ae S a wo oo SS oo So oo Farm products. oP 9 oD ol Ci) 2 is shi mb he Ba a 2.8 ove 28 orn eal ee a2 ot eee ee Se as = uo HS aS BO = 8 og os Oo 8 os oa on - > - > & > < =] O° & 2 oO on = ° 4 Ss =a) 3 | = 5.8 ae x) < = A a aH MAINE. ; Indian'corm -..:... bushels..} 1,624,239 ) 33 49,219 | $1 35 $2, 192, 723 Wihtestiss=-250 0552 ce Niet 193) 1500), Md 2n7 15,208 | 2 86 552, 409 Reverse eceace Sa! tiene 156,649 | 17 O OISteyLeso 217, 742 (CHS) cee eee fe) tee |) 25658; 626 ted, 95, 799 69 1, 831, 002 Barley tee onc cleite Fe wae 742,619 | 24 30,943 | 1 02 757, 471 Buckwheat... ..---- pits x 367,384 | 3 11, 851 90 330, 646 otatoes' 25.3.) 2-2. 8 65146, 725" 156 39, 402 51 3, 134, 830 HopaAceOees ae esa pounds 4: [ere we se hac | REE Bs oS Fo ae Nes es Cee ee ee lays Hee esc Soe tonseeeee 957, 772 .8 1; 197, 215°) 19 28 18, 465, 844 Acted Sere eee ores cect eeeee b,4d7 APOE eee 7, 482, 667 NEW HAMPSHIRE. indian corm’ s o- aeae bushels..| 1,321,281 | 32 41,290; 1 37 1, 810, 155 Wheat. ----. js. ee ins 305,653 | 16.2 18,868 | 2 58 788, 585 yee ch. oc bol Sete eae 161,559 | 16 10,097 | 1 39 224, 567 CRS See seo ee eat) AS Olsy .20.0 50, 720 68 1, 007, 092 WAN OY p= oi xe aha ce ee BGs 105,038 | 25 APQOO i eg. 124, 995 Buckwheat.....--. a 76,455 | 22 3,475 | 1 08 82, 571 Botatoes:..---|. .==: OC safe 092, 660) |) Lae 27, 976 49 1, 809, 501 Mahseco, .....-\- sa. pounds! hates cn bes |ete sal gan aafe es jieces|2e> s2ec( eee i nee tons..-.- 665, 395 84 792 137 | 17 88 11, 897, 263 Motaee te tek oo coe eee ar sayesb 948°765))\-E ares 17, 744, 729 VERMONT. Indianteom <2. o25- bushels..| 1,490,975 ao 44,774 | 1 Al 2, 102, 275 Wheate:.2.- 3.522. Bees 83 614,692 | 20.2 30,430 | 2 67 1, 641, 228 Aye Joe otc coo} 154,783 | 18.5 8367 | 1 51 233, 722 Oatscs. 22s... 228. ESN EN) AU CsGNO15s| 2°40) 3 120, 249 | 3 3, 052, 989 Barley: 2 2/0 ee eae 104,390 | 29 3) 600! | t23 128, 400 Buckwheat......-. ae 225,252 | 30 7,508 | 1 00 225, 252 Potatoes 25.55.21). “op 2 -}) 5, 305, 045; | 148 35, 845 43 2, 281, 169 Mebaceo ..-~~. =2-- pounds .- SO OOD Loo. 2 hood a Soe as eee ee es eer ay soos 26 tis. 8 Se fONS- eee 862, 878 { 862, 878 | 15 61 13, 469, 525 Wotals. wc ceSA eee eee eee oes fake Pats Gol eee eee 23, 134, 560 MASSACHUSETTS. Indiancorn:. =.=. bushels..| 2,363,245 | 34 69,507 | 1 34 3, 166, 748 Wheaties oo 22-55 ty 160,123 | 14.9 6,563 | 2 78 445, 142 sy 2 ee co aoie88| 17.2 93,345 | 1 38 554, 122 (Oni S 50 S50 ees aeeee «52 ML ei 4004) 2 29.2 43, 783 76 971, 633 BANE Veece sei << ae 144,598 | 22 6,573 4 ea 183, 639 Buckwheat......-. Sh yeaa 101,946 | 20.4 4,997 | AgO2e| 103, 985+ Potatoes jer se oces's oe cel) yal 030") 139 24, 108 69 2, 312, 211 Topaccoeeee esse. pounds «1. , MeewO yee ee ee es le 20 1, 034, 280 AR Yarceere nee ces: tongs =<. 742, 872 1 742, 872 | 28 39 21, 090, 136 163 Table showing the amount of each principal crop, &c.—Continued. = Be a 2 g ha a} 3° neg B= “= Ee wo ed s 2 mo ° = Bo = Products. Pape eres Bip 35 a Ba ope Ss ae 2 e° = = ae B56 = =| Bd 5.8 Gs 5) <4 <— A a) eee RHODE ISLAND. Indian corn ....... bushels. - 408, 293 | 27.3 14,956 | $1 42 $579, 776 Wuent.. +222 otc. Oa ae 1,413 | 15 94} 2 80 3, 956 oS 4 delle iS ase i ibe 32,658 | 17.6 1,855 | 1 44 47, 028 OF Se ee ee 154, 222 Bis) 4, 406 73 112, 582 ee Vins 22-5 sca c os “She 35, 031 28.3 1, 2a0 1» |] 40, 250 Buckwheat.....--- ae | ee ee Bi see Ree eeas oe: L509 |... te eee LEN Ol ae ee 499, 440 | 105 4,757 80 | 399, 552 OUBCCO ....-....- pounds - PQeonleee 352 site. os sagas ess|accer tone sss sates eee tons: see 53, 379 1 53, 379 | 31 66 1, 689, 979 TGNEE | ae Clee 8 eo ein ae ot SY ee gg Ee 80; G84) (Se ee. 2, 873, 123 CONNECTICUT. Indian corn ..-.-...- bushels..| 2,220,502 | 33 67,288 | 1 26 2,797, 832 ‘cia ree beret h 71,881 17.3 4,155 | 283 203, 423 LG pacer eae apes Ae 776, 030 | 13 59,695 | 1 50 1, 154, 045 Ovistenes 225 soe. re st Oy 4, AAS) | ee 85, 670 71 1, 946, 428 BEE. Gnas cae allt 19,200 | 23.5 817 1 27 24, 384 Buckwheat.....--. te 8 348, 632 | 15 23, 242 98 341, 660 iIbotmiees: +=. 2...2-- bake £442 1, 480, 268 | 109 13, 580 81 1, 199, 017 'Fobsacco: -.25-.'23-- pounds 7,840,974 |1200 6, 534 19.5 1, 528, 990 a Ba tons..... + 536,527} 1.4 | 383, 233 | 25 60 | 13,735,091 "ee Ee SE eee ip) | ee Ay ee Ree 644; Bde} 225s 22, 930, 870 NEW YORK. Indian corm - ~~... - bushels..| 22,809,893 | 27 844,811} 1 16 26, 459, 475 Wilteatn: 22% ./5.2 52" oe aah We, 556, 406+). 152 826,079 | 2 67 33, 525, 604 0 ae aS « | 5,309,874 | 16.3 325,759 | 1 21 6, 424, 947 UG it eee ee eee gee pee 4, 0299350) | ae 1, 637, 253 61 32, 957, 903 inl ee as 4,459,288 } 23.5 189, 757 1 06 4, 726, 845 Buckwheat..-...--. oe nO, Adonaode |aoeOse 247, 198 92 5, 958, 469 bist hee ee eel oh, 15656767 102 291, 184 69 21, 498, 106 Wovacconessis 2... pounds 9, 824, 384 | 718 13, 683 1325|) © 1,,.326)291 Haven nes = 2: ONS n8 4,759, 516 f32 3, 966, 264 | 16 18 77, 008, 969 Alay) ee SES Ee See ee ee ee ee 4 es eee 8,341; 988: | Sas 3458 209, 886, 609 NEW JERSEY. Indian cor -.----- bushels.-| 9,539,223 | 43.3 220,305; 1 03 9, 825, 400 Wihteates<=. 2 22 22e 7 OR 1, 278, 347 13.5 94,692 | 2 93 3, 745, 557 Hivetecra: «s-!. «= 3s doe peel;,408; 497) 4 100,607 | 1 26 1,774, 706 Osisteset. 3. SS. i 16, 498-487 178455 188, 362 61 3, 964, 077 Barloyupitee st o7- 5 2. 4S vies 27,167 | 20 1,358} 1 00 27, 167 Buckwheat......-. ae bit 861,376 | 18 47,854 | 1 15 990, 582 Pofatoes 1023. 24). oe Lal #080, 908) [7-97 52, 464 86 3, 474, 149 Lopacco 422. 24.4~: . pounds - WORRY |. 71 U8 SA RSOR SRP Fe eg rae Tas |TN: eeeee Dem eaer ap 2 apa ees 2 tons. .... 369, 566 1,26 293, 306 | 25 00 9, 239, 150 998; 948. | 226.22. | 33, 040, 788 oo | | OE T_T OS 164 Table showing the amount of each principal crop, &c—Coutinued. FA | 2 A = 3 4. 8 sie faye 8 2a E Products. 22 me © ss | 5 tp oo a8, > com os °° & =° 2 is a 5 2g 5.8 oS iS < =) ee 5 = PENNSYLVANIA. Indian corn -.----- bushels..| 35,831,877 | 34.4 | 1,041,624 | $0 91 | $32, 607,008 Med 2. . keese ay. 10, 519, G00) IL 956, 333 | 2 67 | 28,087,492 173) 56 SSeeieee Ices Pe 6, 569, 690 13.6 ASS 065) )) 1a17 7, 686, 537 OnISareens 2 oes 6. .| 54, 954,560 | 33 1, 668, 320 50 27, 477, 280 LP ee oy Tos 621,574 | 22.3 27, Sia ed 09 "677, 515 Buckwheat ------- ‘es -| 9,718,728 | 21.4 454, 146 96 9;°329, 979 Potatoes ....------ «“ 15, 636, 859 | 99.3 157, 471 76 | 11,884,013 Mpbacco,-.-.-----. pounds..| 4,960,886 | 800 6, 201 17 843, 350 Eo aos tons. .--. 1,970,836 | 1.2 1, 642, 363 | 16 14 | 31,809,293 ES ye apa a et 59 ne A ee 6, 437, 396 |.....-.. | 150, 402, 467 DELAWARE. , Indian corn ....--- bushels..| 4,281,570 | 16 267, 598 87 3, 724, 966 Wihteaiig=-<.si2ciae Sayan es 685, 720 8 85,715 | 3 00 2, 057, 160 1870) Se BeaCe BEAD De c Be gee 41,853 | 9.5 4,406 | 1 33 55, 664 COMI Sicce ae a2 Bae Cele, Lee || milo 154, 523 | 5d 1, 274, 821 Barley... --...-+2- ae 5,973 | 8 746 | 1 00 5,973 Buckwheat -.---.- ye aes 17,2052 (27.5 626), ss% 23, 570 Potatoes 325-- <=. | 270, 220 | 75 3, 603 70 189, 154 Wobacco'.- -.. ==. (HOUHISS | Saectese asso pah- soos has sae sete loots os |e lelaiyg-ce = Se 2 Sere fons =--- 26, 820 tral 24, 382 | 17 50 469, 350 Wotall.2 : Joei8e - eee |ebs === =-8 Pee BAG 599) |= cope 7, 800, 658 | | ss MARYLAND. | Indian corn -..----- bushels..| 15,024,176 | 3 500, 806 93 | 13,972,483 iWiheateo-aeeteeee G3) tay aa eB lish | Shes 451,929 | 2 94 12, 888, 101 127 eee ee Se se phase 476,770 | J1 43,343 | 1 16 553, 053 CP Reng, Ue Eee ho td, 000, 45,1 626.16 265, 269 55 3, 880, 880 Wanloy =. esac cee cee Sat WAN 29,262 | 25 1,010 | 1 00 25, 262 Buckwheat ..--.---- cane 198,498 | 265 7,940 |- 1 08 214, 378 Rotatoes 22.22% 4 iS eae 1,401,832 | 70 20, 026 | 80 1, 121, 465 Mobaceo' 2a. =48 25. pounds ..} 29, 963, 672 | 693 43, 237 10.3} 3,086, 258 Tees Sees aa aeoee fons- meee 181, 341 1.3 139, 493 | 20 27 | 3,675,782 Totals ck a St eee | Rate See | 39, 352, 316 VIRGINIA, Indian corn -..-.---. bushels..} 24, 369,908 | 20 1, 218, 495 73 17, 790, 033 Wpeates= 2-5... 25. so | 4,331, 364 6.7 646,472 | 2 85 12, 344, 337 yp cete at ack sees a 698, 453 9 77,606 | 1 06 740, 360 erty S27 2.) 109245) 156) | 20 512, 258 45 4, 610, 320 iBanleyers eee === EM Bera 955555) pote seo | SESE nee foscb 2asclf>aeasc css: =: Buckwheat.-.-.-.--- Ss 162,686 | 16.5 9, 860 85 138, 278 Potatoes ...------- « 7} 4,592,166 | 83 19, 183 66 1, 050, 830 Pobacee).o2=-eece= pounds --|114, 480,516 | 718 159, 444 13.7| 15, 683, 830 Uyfaoecn- SSo3063= TONS: ae < 203, 698 1.3 156, 691 | 14 28 2, 908, 807 Tojal-.' 2. ARAN arer ty Rr EEN Se | 2,800,009.|........ 55, 266, 845 165 Table showing the amount of each principal crop, §c.—Continued. S Z abe Z 8 ae re 2° Bd = +4 62 a tu 5 2q g os Bo to) Hs f= Products. 4 2 Gas nro 36 os ie Sy ra 5 = © aR a o° & g 25 = rs =F "a ° a 4 4 > = NORTH CAROLINA. Indian corn ....--- bushels..| 21,656,566 | 12 1, 804,714 | $1 12 | $24, 255, 354 Wheaties. sae fe ta-| 2,846, 223 5.8 490,728 | 2 72 TCA 7287 2 Ct ae ee ae Cy oe By Mey ean. GEN Ho, 4220| leo 631, 256 BTSs 52 J) Rede as) S948 77 lass 206,208 | ° 71 2, 092, 627 LB) eee a aot Wee DORN lasicte: stars |i ate ci ao amine [lo seas aici Salah iret Buckwheat.-.-.---- eae 29,098 | 16 1,819 | 1 32 38, 409 Potatoes!: ...-...-- - Wes pis 830, 565 81 10, 254 71 588, 701 PROOACCO)..2.4— 0 5-'-- pounds ..} 39, 425,900 | 683 57,122 20. 8, 081, 399 Gis 2 oe) a 22's fONsaeese 163, 229 ileid: 125, 561 | 13 00 2,121, 977 Oba esses oo ssariea tesa assnecse etacee = Die Ade? | nates 45,551, 450 SOUTH CAROLINA. * Indian corn -.-.-.--. bushels..| 6, 026, 242 5.9 1,021,397 | 1 58 9,521, 462 PMR ateses 35, sary- So Std 642, 815 (ere 136,769 | 3 19 2, 050, 580 Ri ses footie as Coe, 53, 454 5 10;691 | 198 105, 839 Diisees- ooo sk: Se ae 655, 881 8.3 79,025 1° Lab 728, 028 Barley 24.025 pe a. es On I oF = aie 36 € A 2 BA a ° < = Ai > a ALABAMA, e Indian corn. ..2--. bushels..| 21,597, 083 9 2, 399, 676 | $1 51 | $32,611,595 Wibent.e es. eke BA 6! 657/960" 5.7 115,432 | 2 34 1,539, 626 Fo yoo halle RACES SA oft 43,474 | 6.5 6,673 | 2 12 92, 165 OAS acme hos oom Ct has 497,990 |} 11.4 43,683 | 1 05 522, 890 Barleys enn 6-2 ee, eke 9, 383 9 1,042); “1-87 17, 546 Buckwheat .------ Se viyeae| nas Sees bees a] acme taeael ene cee & eee Sees se Woratoes,..- +. .-- 7 shih 422,315 | 107 3, 951 79 334, 024 MOWACGOE = = S255. pounds --. 349, 371 | 322 1, 085 dl 108, 305 Bere 2s 223 <5 54: bOngE iS. 80, 854 1 80, 854 }18 63 1,506, 310 Sg RR ek et Ee BOONE Hy oa ayer teh 2, 652, 396 |....---. 36, 732, 461 MISSISSIPPI. Indianecorm: --- == bushels * 11,913,650 | 14.5 821,631 | 1 57 18, 704, 430 Willaston | 284871 6 51,737 | 253 654, 478 172) Soa eer ee paass 23, 684 7.6 SdGoiy 20s 48, 078 Oni ae eee ee 101,768 | 10.4 9,785 | 1 09 110, 927 barley: -is-'=/S!-bo ea. ne Whe 1,060 | 14 76 | 2 08 2, 205 Buckwheat ...-:.- Soest 1,700" | Soe Cole ae oo eek oe eee WOUaLORS|-\-~ ses,250e Dae 385,318 | 76 5, 070 64 246, 604 RDN SCEO 2.5004 52 pounds .. 165, 507 | 250 662 30 49, 652 nye e ssscc see Secce fORS-E 29, 611 . 87 34, 035 | 27 50 814, 302 a otal oes ee ete ant aetea oma ae ecell oe eee 996.112 See 20, 630, 676 LOUISIANA. | i Inpianicorm)..<252—. bushels..} 6,910,035 | 17 406,473 | 1 23 8, 499, 343 Wiheats te =o fonte osc aah a5) ROR eee E Gotan esac eps ee ere 2°50" |... 22s bs UM sneer cere are oad POA eae ES, i eee aie Pere ee 250° ||Stee eee OUTS cise. ccteeees ras BONS Maen ete else win ein hoes os ee ee eee ipienl hy ee Geese Be he ooo aus ae ene) oie on a ence tere ee Buckwheat -- 22s. Cee ee ee ee ee ee elf maces: coe oie Seen oe ee eee ee Rdtaoes 22 Lense pares 206,258 | 85 2) 4260) phen 249, 572 MGUECCO ee = -es ae ar pounds -. 59,910 |} 400 156 40 23, 964 gr es Serotec el LORS ot ae: SO NOU UME e ces e [os he cca emee 30 00 1, 107, 000 POlall. toot sa tces che alee ee eRe icc lonceasleee (eee TEXAS: Indian corn ....-... bushels..| 20,295, 863 | 26 780, 610 94 19, 078, 114 Wihenteescser- oes cee aeons 12 153,994 | 1 45 2, 679, 500 Pe» | me ie 1). lian 7,238 | 1 08 132, 890 (If 12234 tO” LO OBANAT Ea 25. 5 42, 528 86 932, 651 Belevaeresssos= <<< aida lee 60,805 | 23 2, 643 97 58, 981 Buckwheat..---- --. Oy) 22/50 SES CoE cesta cc ep eee ett orate Potaidesrerme pat. - Ge yee 250, 822 | 13 1, 915 70 175, 575 Tobaceo eg. 5- bene .. pounds -. 127,288 | 829 153 21 26, 730 Bs 5 Aelita 5 Sg tons. .... 15,543 | 1.5 10,366 | 1360 | = 211, 885 TE ere gem om tm apna |i nin ee eee = 999, 447 |.....---| 23,295, 823 TE Showing the amount of each principal crop, §c.—Continued. 2 3 g 3S FI BI, = a 3 - 3 3 aes 5 2 9 5 Produets. = Ea 4% 5 et 85 Ss eee eps 33 en E o co 3 ° ns g 2 =) 5 8 = 5 3.8 a 3 < < 7 > i= ARKANSAS. Indian corn -.----- bushels--| 11,585,332 | 24 482,722 | $1 14 | $13, 207,278 in oa 584,137 | 6.5 89, 867 | 2 06 1, 203, 322 oo « 39,046 | 10 3,904 | 1 67 65, 207 ase ae co~ os era ze 308, 924 | 13 23, 763 94 290, 389 ee Ber fs 4,737 | 12.5 79 | 150 7, 105 Buckwheat---.----- Mee sn wi dele ese ee 1 es eee See 2-00) *. estes at Hotatoes: ==... --.- “a 263;3400 | LUGaee aloe anieeee eee 81 213, 310 AO BRECO es 92. =~ pounds ..} 1,425,571 | 650 2; 193 32 456, 183 Ly ec epe ee eee tOnS= <<< 7,578 i es} 5, 830 | 26 43 200, 287 wih Se aie OR aes i, eae ae ree Clea ee 608,658 |... 15, 643, 084 TENNESSEE. ’ Indian corn. -..-.--.: bushels.-| 46, 880,933 | °22 2, 130, 951 Ka 36, 098, 318 Wihteatve ts -5a- on ee 3, 985, 265 5.3 751,937 | 2 21 8, 807, 435 Ih 8) i Hee sOome st 232, 190 one 28, 315 1 18 273, 984 MatR ey eee Geese 2, 9705850) Pia 148, 542 51 1, 515, 126 BATICV ss => Se ces Oa haNs P10 Fon Wi Baty || 2s) 867 | 1 39 27, 960 Buckwheat.--..-.-- on te 13, 322 } 15 S88) EZ 15, 587 IPoistobd) --2- = --- = aa 1,501,146 |} 72 20, 849 72 1, 080, 825 PHODACCOL a= 22 hes pounds .-} 46, 054, 983 | 712 64, 684 21 9, 671, 546 15 esaecsor beac RLS Sees 140, 580 1,4 100, 414 | 18 638 2, 619, 000 TETAS aoa Sera aes Ee ease ho gee oe Bre AAGalerae ae 60, 109, 781 KENTUCKY. Indian corn ..-.--.- bushels..| 65,564,630 | 31.8 2, 061,781 49 32, 126, 669 Wrheaties.22) 425222 Seeey 2, 063, 256 6.5 317,427 | 2 30 4,745, 489 WR Vien nara ata.a ae etoile Sar 419, 287 903 45, 085 1 12 469, 601 \OGiLi) eee See ae . 5,644,573 | 21.8 258, 925 48 2,709, 395 BARBY J.5 =22 2-5 ef 137,516 | 13.5 10,186 | 1 37 188, 397 Buckwheat .-...---- ape oied 14, 421 Lo5. 824 peal 16, 873 Potatoes). 3/.5,..5- ee I ieOneGOn| SS 20, 298 67 1, 196, 754 Tobaeee@ss- 4232-53 pounds ..| 61,683, 856 | 755 81, 700 9. 5, 859, 966 ayes Seas alan o tons... 115, 844 1.37 84,558 | 12 80 1, 482, 803 Tibi Ce, a ee 2 CC 2, 880,781 |..-.---- 48, 795, 947 MISSOURI, Indian corn --.--.--- bushels..| 46,819,543 | 30.8 1, 520, 115 58 27, 155, 335 IWiteatia. =m) Ss 25 oO x — AWke eee < 4 Z > eB WISCONSIN. Indian corn.....--- bushels..} 9,414,583 | 28.3 332, 671 | $0 82 7, 719, 958 Wiheate 6-4-2. fee 2-120, 307, 9205) 14ea 1,400,546 | J 67 33, 914, 226 yee. = 2509-22. Gage 926,492 | 16.6 55, 813 88 815, 313 Ons Ee ee a cep ald, 174s ORG eae 515, 738 54 9, 274, 006 St Sera 860,521 | 25.2 34, 148 90 774, 469 Buekwheat.....-.- Sone * 69;,297 | 16 4, 327 86 59, 535 HUTHEGOS +o .otate ai AF 3,940), 273°) 91 43, 300 64 2,521,775 WRobseeol-a-s=-12- - pounds - 143, 344 | 900 160 20 28, 669 Sivemrete ct mas cc tons. .--- 1, 151, 477 1.3 885, 752 | 12 25 14, 105, 593 Tie Sak ae ee Sel |e et ae a ae eee 3.21 e, 40on eas a ame 69, 213, 544 IOWA. Indian corn ..=---- bushels..} 52,288,184 | 31.5 1, 659, 942 44 23, 006, 801 Wiest. fas. <5... oC eal} 7baysean) 16 984,583 | 1 42 22, 369, 718 WAV Clee 2 =< cose = elds 116,946 | 19.3 6, 060 69 80, 693 WiteePer cs ea csc Seale OOM Aon ats 333, 538 39 4, 917, 022 Baileys. 2Sjc202—. POR ae 622,784 | 25.4 24, 520 67 417, 265 Buckwheat... .-.---- Comet 283,714 | 16 W732. f OF 286, 551 Botatoes:.=.2. ste. : * 2,755, 726 | ‘72 38, 275 89 2, 452, 596 WOWACCO . 15-52 pounds -- 390, 424 | 988 395 20 78, 085 ages s-Sas te tons =. 1, 161, 039 1.9 611,073 | 6 20 7, 198, 442 SRGha es ee oats alee ns se Sool cee! Spy oaa Ute Needacece 60, 807, 173 “ KANSAS. Rndian Gorn’: -)...- - bushels..| 6,527,358 | 34.2 190, 858 63 4,112, 235 Wheltces 5258: pee 260,465 | 21.4 12 Tbe eal OT 497, 488 INGO yo: alee Sey ste Bedien 4,548 | 26.4 172 96 4, 366 Oaiass sts 22538 ee 200,316 | 3 5, 136 47 94, 148 (Batley e523 2352. ae 7,255 | 29 250 94 6, 820 Buckwheat. .--..---- She th a8 20,402 | 28 728) 1 54 31, 420 (Rotaiogs)= 22325. 45. Sg ante 243,514 | 81 3,006 | 1 59 387, 187 TOBACCO ss. nates pounds 22, 263 | 550 4] 29 6, 456 Mise Sais cia cmicisee HONS &(s =e 123, 082 2 6154 paves 883, 729 Oasis ete so crcis a5 ta SaaS fate Sein 2735903: |Seassese 6, 023, 849 NEBRASKA, Endian com. --sess- bushels..| 2,095,030} 29.3 71,503 68 1, 424, 620 BW heatis>.- 2 sgeae ane 257,839 | 26 9 OT Lees 317, 142 VOe >. 2=-'-ss50s- os 2,225 | 26 86 92 2, 047 Onipess ss .2 ak owee ig hes 450,138 | 47.2 9, 537 46 207, 063 lg uley/eeee ot eeeoe ees 8,184 | 35.3 232 84 6, 875 Buckwheat....-... age 6,453 | 26 248 |! 1 85 11, 908 IPolsiOesta se an2= 5- = Na 120,319 | 49 2,455 | 1 75 210, 558 PL QRACCO 222 ub se... pounds -. 1,550 | 430 3 24 372 Tey eee ae fons. 2 =<: 29, 720 ia 19,813 | 6 43 191, 100 Dit et 2 eens: Rs 0S a Tey ae 2, 371, 685 rs 170 066 ‘199 ‘FS | ce0‘sPS‘T | HFG ‘F98 ‘0S | 9FO ‘Ezz ‘Eee | OGr ‘Fer ‘GT | 906 ‘GEG ‘TSE | c6a‘999‘T6s | gee ‘one ‘FE | eee ‘ORG ‘298 L¥r0 % 98 GGG OPI ‘ZTE L166 6&8 ‘26% 029 ‘Far ‘T 60S ‘TL 0&0 ‘S60 °@ norceceese* -BHSBIGON 998 ‘F GLI RPS ‘PF 88h ‘26 LLT ‘OL COP “09% CEs ‘SLI “F 848 ‘06 age ‘24g ‘9 a 1, ~~ SUREEST €69 ‘08 090 ‘9 9F6 ‘OTT BIL ‘69S ‘GS 68S ‘F86 eee ‘eez ‘cL 108 ‘900 ‘S3 oie 699 [T °| Pet eee eo Te Saes" 5 2----e mor Sig ‘SI8 E18 “eg a6P “926 92 ‘F16 ‘ES OFS ‘OOF ‘T | 0%6 ‘208 {0% 866 ‘61 L ‘2 T29 ‘eee Ege ‘FIP ‘6 "oT eess == UISHOOST AA 686 ‘LEP G9 ‘96 OST ‘SIF 089 ‘gag ‘28 G9 ‘890‘L | 689 ‘OFZ ‘FT SIS ‘216 ‘SL 604 ‘0S O89 ‘SLE ‘OL 9 [77> ort > URSrYyOTpT UE ‘PFO EEL ‘FS TZI ‘16S GIS ‘GEL ‘GS 089 ‘oer ‘Se | Pes ‘R0e ‘OT £80 ‘FL8 ‘Eg Svy Goo G:.| 2800266 < |" <> see Scary 86F ‘Gcs 062 ‘86 PPL ‘StS 160 ‘996 ‘16 IPS ‘PPG ‘TL =| GG ‘FIT ‘6 BPS ‘LL ‘9S 086 ‘26h ‘ES | Zee ‘OLO SLB [ort oo BUeIpUy 00S “9aG 1G ‘GP SGP ‘999 SPS ‘POT ‘SS £96 ‘961 ‘S| Tar ‘1S¢ ‘8% 020 ‘S10 ‘29 Coe 166-2 TI 0Ge ‘pre ‘GGT Slee" <9 - 29" > Lyonyuey P86 ‘E27 GIS ‘8% O61 ‘GSS GSP ‘208 ‘8 L&6 ‘TSL G96 “G86 ‘ES SIE ‘860 ‘98 196 ‘OST ‘6 | gg6 ‘oss ‘oF |---"°--7> easssouuay, L0e‘S9 F06 ‘S 9F0 ‘6S GOS ‘GO% ‘T 298 ‘68 LET ‘F8S 826 ‘206 ‘SL CEL ‘BBP Gee Ese 7st i 5 *°- "+? sesmeyary: 068 ‘GEL REG ‘LZ 9F0 ‘SEI 00S “629 ‘% £66 ‘SST 186 ‘268 ‘T ILL ‘820 “61 OL9 ‘O8Z £98 “S600 ie a eee StXO J, Sam betes ta abe | pas SEC 5° “eins ~~ pale Se ee ae “-7"°") ope “E6P ‘8 ELF ‘O0P 620 ‘O16 ‘9 woreecess* -BIBISINOT 820 ‘SP SORES £89 ‘Ez QLyP ‘PS9 282 ‘TS 189 ‘8c% OSh ‘FOL ‘8 [£9 ‘Tee 0S9‘SI6‘IT = [7777 7 7777 -1ddississrpq COL ‘26 €29 ‘9 PLY ‘SP 969 ‘686 ‘T GSP ‘CTL 096 ‘259 C6S ‘119 ‘eS 929 ‘666 ‘S| S80‘Z6G‘TG = Jr" oo eURquly pee oo | So eS BOR ee ee aa cee = os Eee as oh ge hc oie oe Seman (le LGC R0€ ‘OST £20 ‘$86 ‘T Pema PEOSION | NOR 298 ‘G6 ItP ‘FT 61S ‘69 080 ‘Tor ‘g PIL ‘SIE 9SF ‘B26 ‘T @BL ‘LG8 ‘EZ 866 ‘TES ‘@ | 606‘S69‘GE = |-""* 77 7-7 BIS IO0H 688 ‘GOL 169 ‘OL VGP ‘Ss 08g ‘OS0 ‘% 692 ‘9ST GI8 ‘arg GOP ‘Tas ‘6 L6& ‘TRO'E | @b@ ‘9G0 ‘9 "7s" "BUTTOIRO YNoOg 96 ‘TS9 GOP ‘SG LGE ‘TLE LEL ‘TELL RL ‘OGP EG ‘OPS ‘S PGE ‘Gce ‘FZ PIL‘FOS‘T | 99G‘9G9‘T@ = |-- -- "> BUTTONED ION 098 ‘OFL 909 ‘LL €SP ‘869 LES ‘PPS ‘V1 GLP ‘9FO £9 ‘Les ‘P G80 ‘062 ‘21 G6P ‘SIS ‘T | 806‘69G ‘FS |-- rt BLUE, £60 “Egg ers ‘SP OLL ‘OLP LOL ‘898 ‘GE 626 ‘ISP 8024 ‘Ses ‘FP ERP ‘GL6 ‘SI 908 ‘00¢ OLY %e0 ST |" °°" “== punreny £99 “Gg 90F ‘P €S8 ‘If 09T ‘290 ‘@ GTL ‘GR 0@zL ‘GR9 996 ‘PaL‘S R6S ‘29% OLS ‘198% ‘Ff Too 5 ee OMB ABTA, LEG ‘989 ‘2 G90 ‘8h 069 ‘69G‘9 | e6F ‘280 ‘Re EEE ‘9G6 099 “61S ‘OT 800 ‘209 ‘GE £29 ‘THO ‘T £8 ‘Teg‘gg = [777° BruealAsumeg 902 ‘FLL ‘1 209 ‘O0T L6P‘R0P ‘LE | zgg ‘cPpz‘e G69 ‘F6 LVS ‘8246 ‘T OOF ‘G@e ‘6 COE ‘NBS €66 ‘68S ‘6 oom eee> -£asIop aA@Ny LEG ‘bar ‘9 6S2 ‘GZS 7228 ‘608 ‘G | P09 ‘Gas ‘Eee 620 ‘9@8 90F ‘9G ‘SL GLP ‘6GP ‘9% II8 ‘FF8 668 ‘608 ‘6 [77° "7 YOK. 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Table showing the highest and lowest range of the thermometer, (with dates pre- Jjixed,) the mean temperature, and amount of rain, (in inches and tenths,) for March, 1867, at the following places, as given by the observers named. Daily observations were made at the hours of 7 a.m. and 2 and 9 p. m. arg a Stations, &e. Counties, Observers. Date. hem Date fsa: fees aa EB pi Be = 2? oP a MAINE. ° ° ° In. Stewben sa.2%-< 5055: Washington ..... ie D Parken. a sce 31 48 3 5 26.5 | 5.18 pe Re Penobscot ......- Bu H: Tove... -ouc.. SL} 5 16}—5| 22.0} 5.30 EPORDOCtira. 5-22 == 5. Wield Gato. 2. = Virgil E. Eaton ..... 13 57 15 6 31.1}. 2.19 Williamsburg. .-...-- Piscataquis -.. .- E. & H. W. Pitman. 31 47 15|—3 22.9} 3.85 West Waterville....) Kennebec -.-..--. BoE Walbro Sole 31 52 16|—2 28.0] 4.55 Gardiner <.ce- 2 25-4}. 5 -- Ghee R. H. Gardiner .-... 31 50 16 | —2 26.6 | 5.76 TASHOMNY aso sa- Soe ANETOSCOP iin. <1 WANS Ps MOOTG. saccnboamce cnc saan laadans Salosccecilases cme 2.80 Websters... 2). 5.]- roe Cee H. A. Cutting .....-. 29, 31 48 2 0 24.7 | 2.60 Craftsbury.....-.... Orleans --...-... James A. Paddock... 31 46 3,—4 24.6 | 2.20 Randolph =.-s4->.... Orange..... -----| Charles S. Paine. ... 31 52 15|—2 26.7} 1.85 Middlebury......... Addison ........-. H. A, Sheldon ....-.. 31 54 3 2 28.4 | 2.68 Brandon: 5-2. 525< Rutland) s<. -~<-+ Harmon Buckland... 3 62 3 6 29.3} 1.64 ‘Barnet /4-42- sme Caledonia ....... B. F. Eaton, M.D .. 31 58 1 15 34.3] 2.70 Averages. ..cans SERRA SRE R TREES Cuneo seem ee sees eens so ese an SERRAS SORE E ER SORA 28. 0 2. 28 174 Table showing the range of the thermometer, &c., for March—Continued. ! Stations, &c. Counties. Observers. Date. hes | Date. Fis Sie MASSACHUSETTS, . = h Kanesforteen. soo. sl Plymouth ....... G. S. Newcomb .... 31 55 15 13 31.0 TNopsielde secsn c= s,- POSSC% > oe oeemete S. A. Merriam ...... 31 56 15 19 36. 4 Mawrence’-...---..|-..- doe ssecesinaee John Fallon .....-.. 31 51 14 9 30. 0 ICE Da Geese aes) Sore dge sept een Jobn H. Caldwell... 31 59 15 10 SIS) North Billerica..... Middlesex ......- Rey. E, Nason...... 11 53 15 10 31.2 West Newton..--.--}.... GU Sses55 spo John H. Bixby...-.. 2,31 56 15 10 32. 5 New Bedford ..-....- BS PISLOL cm aeer ieee Samuel Rodman.... 31 58 3, 15 18 33.5 1D seo. aaO oC od Gees Geese eo Edward T. Tucker. - 31 59 15 18 34.3 Worcester .=- ~~ s<1 Prof. John Haywood 10} 60 144} 10} 349] 311 Toledo 25225202 ce PTGS Pa ae alos = J. B. Trembly, M.D- 1 57 14 5. 80 8arnQr13 Marion -- 225-24 -.- Marion ..-.. -.-. H. A. True, M. D.... 1 55 18 2} 306) 279 Kontonieses 225 12t Hardin .......... C. H. Smith, M.D.. 31} 52 14/ 26] 363) 294 Urbana University.-| Champaign. .. ..| M.G. Williams...... 1 57 18 4 31.7} 3.08 Hillsborough .....-. Highland .......) J. McD. Mathews...) 1,10 58 14 8 33.6 | 3.04 Bethel. . 22. coe 555. Clermont........ George W. Crane... 10 58 14 8 33.7 | 2.00 Cincinnati .......... Hamilton ....... George W. Harper-.-| 1,10 59 14 8 36.0 | 2 71 Dome eee ls ae Cae 8 ee R. C. Phillips....... 1,29} 60 14] 15] 399) 1.93 Collepoyeisitice sae o=|e---d0...---|'.... John W. Hammitt -. 10 59 | 14,18 8 34.2 | 3.00 Farm School ......|..-. G0 3. BSS Soe L. B. Tuckerman . .. 1 59 14 8 34.3 | 3.03 Why Lea eS Ee See el eee ae ed eel es my ere a 8 Mais 33.3} 2.76 _———— | MICHIGAN, Monroe City.-...... Monroe........-. F. & E. Whelpley-- 1 54 15 3 29.9 | 1.54 State Agricult’l Col-| Ingham -........ Prof. R. C. Kedzie. .. 31 56 14 2 29.7 | 0.68 Litehfield...-....... Hillsdale... .22<. R; Bullard=22o23 5. 2 - 1, 10, 31 48 14 0 26.8) 1.53 Grand Rapids ...--- BG) ee E. 8. Holmes, D.D.S. 22 52 13 7 PB. 2t leg an Northport .-.---..-. Leelenaw ....-.. Rey. Geo. N. Smith... 31 50 14 6} 26.0 }....-- Alpenaseaca-\si-- - Alpenav.<.¢2cs2% Jie, PAXtON 925.4 -- 31 41 | 13,14 6 26.7 | 2.66 Holland .........-.. Ottawa. .....-.. LH. Streng -...-- 1 Sl} 13,14 1] 30.4 | 1.71 Ontonagon ....-...-. Ontonagon ...... Edwin Ellis, M. D..- 30 46 14 | —12 14. Biss. Homestead -........ Benzidwe.-ao Dr. J. & C. W. Grant 1 60 14 Mount Sterling ..... Brownlee seeneee = Rey. A. Duncan... -. 22 54 13 Andalusia .........- Rock Island ..--.. E. H. Bowman, M.D. 1 50 14 Avipiisteee te) Mecsas Bancock::=5.2-6 S. B. Mead, M. D.... 1 52 13 IAVONR POR! 2 = ti ce|cicenn 2) .2--- = 1825 to 1859 do. 37.09 Fort Moultrie, South Carolina.....-.-. 1823 to 1859 do. 48.82 Fort Jessup, Louisiana..........---- 1823 to 1845 do. 41.60 Fort Gibson, Indian territory...-...--- 1828 to 1854 do. 39.50 Jefferson Barracks, Missouri...-.-.--- 1827 to 1854 do. 25.50 Fort Brady, Michigan”). 2, seo -ee ee 1823 to 1854 do. 3.69 Fort Snelling, Minnesota. .......----- 1820 to 1858 days 4.67 Fort Leavenworth, Kansas.......---- 1830 to 1859 do. 17.45 At Washington, Arkansas, according to the observations of Dr. Smith, pub- lished by the Smithsonian Institution, March, 1843, was the coldest month im the whole period of twenty years, (1840 to 1859,) except January, 1856. MONTHLY REPORT THE AGRICULTURAL DEPARTMENT. MAY AND JUNE, 1867, WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1867. et ‘i ae i” ’ fig Oi , i) ; J ] ¥ , rr j d 4 fot ‘ ae ry 4 q ys J . + ct | al » ii . ied J i ots ven ; Lh roy bg: . ¥ t ‘as "4 ‘ iM Ye wa thus | ee ved A vy iF PTAC 7) it, ere es Bry 4 hs Mees eit ye ier 4? ‘i eat be aks i al 4 mer pc we i % MONTHLY REPORT. DEATH OF HON. ISAAC NEWTON. After this report was sent to press, we received the news that our worthy Commissioner had passed away to that world where “the wicked cease from troubling and the weary be at rest.” We have room only for a brief notice of his long and useful life, and his peaceful death. Isaac Newton was born in Burlington county, New Jersey, March 31, 1800. His early years were passed ona farm; his education and his youthful labors were those of a farmer’s boy. He was a member of the Society of Friends, a respectable and highly valued member, cherishing the faith and living the pro- fession of his people. Shortly after his marriage he settled on a farm in Delaware county, Pennsyl- vania, not far from Philadelphia. His management soon made his farm cele- brated for its neatness, order, and productiveness ; and he early took place in the front rank of the model farmers of the Keystone State. At an early period he became a member of the State Agricultural Society, and in it offered a resolu- tion, which was adopted, urging Congress to establish a national Department of Agriculture. He also was among the first to press this measure on the atten- tion of Presidents Harrison, Taylor, and Fillmore, with whom he enjoyed inti- mate personal acquaintance. Finally, on the election of Mr. Lincoln, he again urged this measure, and Congress responded to the President’s recommendation by passing the long desired act, which was approved May 15, 1862. In anticipation of such a department, Mr. Lincoln, in the spring of 1861, ap- pointed Mr. Newton to superintend the agricultural division of the Bureau of Patents ; which he did so satisfactorily, that when the act was passed, Mr. Lin- coln appointed and the Senate confirmed him as the suitable person to organize and preside over the new department, as its Commissioner. Thus this department was inaugurated July 1, 1862, as a separate and inde- pendent department of our government; and it is a noteworthy fact that our martyr President, to the close of his life, gave the Commissioner his confidence — and warm approval, and frequently consulted him as an intimate personal friend. In July, 1866, Mr. Newton overheated himself while working on the experi- mental farm. He was became dangerously ill; and, in consequence of pressing cares and duties, did not allow himself leisure for full recovery. Frequent re- lapses followed, attended by complicating affections of various organs, until the over-wrought organism finally failed altogether. He quietly, peacefully, and in full consciousness, passed from this life at the house of his son, Isaac Newton, jr., in this city, at about 6 p. m., June 19, 1867. 190 This is not the time, nor have we space, to add more respecting the departed, or his official life and labors. 'The latter were numerous, exacting and often very difficult ; but we believe that. results will prove that they were generally judiciously devised, well performed, and will be found highly beneficial to the country at large. ‘The accompanying resolutions will show in what light the deceased and his official deeds were regarded by those associated with him in the department. His fellow-citizens of Pennsylvania, temporarily residing here, have also voluntarily expressed their sentiments in regard to him as a man and as a public officer. We feel, therefore, that with such “a cloud of witnesses,” we may properly close without further comment on his well-spent life and hon- orable character. J. W. STOKES, Acting Commissioner. MEETING OF DEPARTMENT EMPLOYES. At a meeting of the clerks and employés of the Department of Agriculture, held Thursday morning, June 20, to take action upon the decease of Hon. Isaac Newton, late Commissioner of Agriculture, Hon. John W. Stokes, Acting Com- missioner, was called to the chair, and Charles H. Folwell appointed secretary. Upon taking the chair Mr. Stokes said : GENTLEMEN: It becomes my painful duty to announce to you the death of Mr. Newton, the head of this Department. He expired yesterday at his resi- dence in this city, surrounded by his family and friends. We meet together, gentlemen, to-day, to express, in a suitable and becoming manner, our feelings upon this sad bereavement. Many of you have been asso- ciated with him in the discharge of the duties of the Department from its organ- ization, and have been the recipients of his kind and generous confidence. You are the living witnesses of his earnest and devoted attachment to the great agri- cultural interests of the country, and of the industry with which he ever pur- sued the labors of his office. Personally, I feel this bereavement keenly ; he was my personal friend, and for many years I have enjoyed his confidence as his personal friend and legal adviser, and twice have I been honored by him in the position which I hold among you to-day, which makes me the successor and temporary occupant of that vacant chair until it shall be again filled by regular appointment. On motion of Colonel E. M. Whitaker, a committee of three, consisting of Rev. A. B. Grosh, J. R. Dodge, and Wm. Saunders, was appointed to draught res- olutions expressive of the feelings of the meeting. During the absence of the committee, Colonel E. M. Whitaker, Walter E. Gardiner, and Colonel James Gleason were appointed a committee to make ne- cessary arrangements for the funeral, and a committee of twenty was appointed to accompany the remains to Philadelphia. Mr. Grosh, from the committee on resolutions, said they felt so deeply this sad affliction that it required much effort to suppress what they would say, lest more would be said than seemed proper. We have been associated with Mr. Newton for years—some of us before this Department was organized—and have shared his arduous labors, and sympathized with him in his many trials— received his kindnesses and met his approving smiles ; and when we look at his now vacant chair, and recall his benevolent countenance, and realize that the seat shall no more be filled by his noble form, crowned by those silvery locks of an honored old age, we feel that the words are tame in which we have en- 191 deavored to express our and your feeling of the commonloss. But we have en- deavored to make them fit, though few, and appropriate, though not overflowing, nor even full of our emotions on this sad occurrence. And as such we respect- fully submit the following : Whereas we have heard with profound sorrow of the death of the Hon. Isaac Newton, the first Commissioner of this Department, and deem it proper. that we, who shared his confidence and his labors, and reciprocated his kindly feelings, should express our sentiments on the sad occasion: Therefore, Resolved, That in the decease of Hon. Isaac Newton the nation has been de- prived of a humane, honest, and efficient officer; this Department of one who, at an early day, urged its establishment as due to the agricultural interests of the country, and who, in all the preparatory labors for originating and organ- izing the Department and in directing its operations, had the full, unwavering confidence and approbation, as well as warm personal friendship, of our martyr President. Resolved, That the agricultural associations of which he was a member, and the agriculturists of our country generally, have been deprived of an eminently able and practical member, who, through a long life devoted to their interests, proved himself an honor to that most honorable profession. Resolved, That we who knew him so well, and esteemed and loved him so much, mingle our griefs and sympathies with his bereaved family and numerous friends who knew him best and therefore loved him most, and feelingly commend them to the comforts and consolations of that religious faith which was his guide, support, and consolation in the many duties, trials, and afflictions of his long, ac- tive, and useful life—confident that He who has taken away our friend chastens only ‘for our profit that we might be partakers of His holiness.” Resolved, That to show our regard for the deceased, and our respect for his memory, we will attend his funeral in a body, and wear the usual badge of mourn- ing for thirty days. The preamble and resolutions were adopted, and a committee of five appointed to present a copy of the same to the family of the deceased. The proceedings of the meeting were ordered to be published, and the meeting then adjourned to meet at one p. m., June 21, to attend in a body the remains from the late residence of the Commissioner to the Baltimore depot. JOHN W. STOKES, Chairman. Cuar.es H. FoLwe.., Secretary. MEETING OF PENNSYLVANIANS. A meeting of Pennsylvanians was held on the evening of June 20, at the State Agency, and the following resolutions were adopted : Whereas it has pleased an all-wise Providence to remove from the scene of his honorable and useful labors a prominent citizen of Pennsylvania, the Hon. Isaac Newton, Commissioner of Agriculture—a man honorable for years, of unswerving loyalty, of scrupulous integrity, of genial disposition, of pure and simple habits, a devotee of the noble pursuit of agriculture, a cherished friend of the late Presi- dent Lincoln, and a recipient of merited honors at his hands: Therefore, ~ Resolved, That in the death of the Hon. Isaac Newton, we mourn the loss of an upright citizen and.a faithful officer, who both in private and public life re- flected honor upon the gallant State of his birth, and the noble State of which he was a citizen. Resolved, That by this afflicting dispensation the honorable calling of agricul- ture has lost one of its brightest ornaments—one whose life was consecrated to the development of its vast resources, and to the promotion of its important interests. 192 Resolved, That our heartfelt sympathies are hereby tendered to the sorrowing family of the lamented deceased, with the expression of the fervent hope that He who in His inscrutable dispensations has permitted this great bereavement, will assuage the anguish of their stricken hearts. Resolved, That as an additional testimonial of our admiration of the virtues and respect for the memory of our departed friend, we will attend his funeral in a body. ' Resolved, That the newspapers of the District of Columbia and of the States of Pennsylvania and New Jersey be requested to publish the proceedings of this meeting, and that a copy of the foregoing preamble and resolutions be trans- mitted by its officers to the bereaved family of the venerable deceased. The following gentlemen representing the various departments of the govern- ment were appointed to act as pall-bearers to the railroad depot: Colonel John H. Stewart, State Agent; General James A. Ekin, War Department; Dr. Thomas L. Catheart, Treasury Department; Joseph M. Wilson, Interior De- partment; A. D. Hazen, Post Office Department; John D. Hyer, Navy De- partment; A. B.Grosh and Colonel James Gleason, Department of Agriculture. REPORT OF AN AGRICULTURAL SURVEY OF THE SOUTH. WASHINGTON, June 1, 1867. Sir: The undersigned, commissioned by you as an agent of the department to travel in the suuthern States and make arrangements for the distribution of seeds to the destitute in the south, in order to carry out the intentions of Con- gress in an act entitled “A resolution for the relief of the destitute in the south and southwestern States,’ approved March 30, 1867, begs leave to submit the following report : I left this city on the 12th of April; proceeded to Richmond, in Virginia; thence to Petersburg, and via Weldon and Wilmington, North Carolina, to Charleston, South Carolina; thence I proceeded to Augusta and to Savannah, Georgia; thence to Macon and Atlanta; thence to Chattanooga, Tennessee, to Tuscumbia, Alabama, and to Memphis, Tennessee; at that point, by the Mis- sissippi river to Vicksburg, Mississippi; thence to Jackson, and thence to New Orleans, in Louisiana; thence to Mobile and Montgomery, in Alabama; thence, via Columbus, to Macon and Atlanta; and thence to Dalton, Georgia, and from there, via Knoxville, Tennessee, and Lynchburg, Virginia, back to this city, where I arrived on the 31st ultimo. I had previously visited, during February and March, part of the section traversed, by different routes, having visited Raleigh, North Carolina, and Charlotte and Columbia, South Carolina, thus traversing in the past four months a large portion of the southern States east of the Mississippi river. Through the kindness of General Grant I was put in friendly communication with the several district commanders of the southern States, who furnished val- uable aid in organizing agencies in the several registering and voting districts throughout their several departments, In Virginia only has the plan been com- pleted. Thanks are due to General Schofield for having so early carried out the views of the department in his district. You requested me at parting too keep “ my eyes and ears open,” and to be able to report what I might see and learn in regard to the general condition of the agriculture of the South which might be useful and interesting. I have, in part, endeavored to give you a brief sketch of what I have learned in my short visit to the South, and which I am sensible is only a summary; still, I trust there may be much that will interest the public in reading, as there was cer- tainly much that was exceedingly interesting to me in seeing. 193 To the mass of the northern people—by which I mean of the free States be- fore the rebellion—but little is known of the agricultural resources of the South. In Europe the people fail to comprehend in the slightest degree the vast field which is there opened up for the future home of the emigrant. While slavery existed the South was as a sealed book to the industry and enterprise of the North. Free labor could not penetrate, and hence the great current of northern and European emigration would not seek an entrance into a country where it was not wanted or tolerated. But slavery having been abolished, there is a vacuum created for labor so large that a million of laboring people would now find profitable employment ; and when the southern people have once mustered a supply of provisions for their own use and to feed the emigrant, meaus should be taken by the general government or by the States to inaugurate a broad system of emigration. The effective labor of the South has been reduced to such an extent that careful and experienced men estimate it at one-fourth what it was before the war. My own observation satisfies me that it is less than one-third. There are, therefore, large quantities of land already opened up or cleared and fenced which cannot be cultivated, and is fast growing. up with brush and briers for the want of labor. Few understand the variety of climate, soil, and production of the South. Its production includes those of the temperate and torid zones. All the cereals can be grown there as well as at the North, while oranges, bananas, figs, in ad- dition to most of the fruits of the North, abound. In addition to the cereals, cotton is grown everywhere. I have seen on the same farm cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, and red clover, all looking well; the clover was nearly past bloom, and the wheat almost ready for the harvest. When these facts are understood, and that it is a mistake to suppose a north- ern man or a European cannot enjoy health at the South, as a general rule, immigration must flow that way; and as the country becomes better understood and appreciated it will teem with a thrifty and industrious population. ‘There are portions of the, South where a northern man ought not to settle at present. Around the swamps and rivers and near the coast there are seasons when it would be necessary to adopt great precautions, but it is only a small belt of country—say some fifty or sixty miles wide from the James river, in Virginia, to the Mississippi. To this again are many exceptions, as along the coast as healthy points are found as any in the Union. But however interesting these subjects may be, it is not the place to discuss them in this report. I found everywhere a want of means and a scarcity of labor to adequately cultivate the land which was already open for tillage.. Comparatively few had been able to borrow the means to purchase mules and to féed and pay a few laborers. The difficulty of procuring the means of living for man or beast over the whole South can scarcely be conceivedgby other than an eye-witness. The war had absorbed or destroyed nearly all the domestic animals, as well as every species of breadstuffs. A bad season had followed the war. . There had been no money left, and nothing to get it with. The people, therefore, commenced the year with empty granaries and larders; still, they were trying every means to prepare for making a crop. Few through the Carolinas and a part of Geor- gia, Alabama, and Mississippi could get teams for any amount of work. Some could get a cow or a steer, which was harnessed to the plough ; and it was not uncommon among the poorer families to find the cow doing double duty—fur- nishing milk to keep the family from starving, and ploughing the land for a crop. Many planters who had teams and the means to put in a good breadth of land to corn or cotton, but not enough to work it beyond a certain point, went for- ward manfully, trusting to some future supply, though they knew not from what source it would come. Many of these people have been compelled to dis- charge their laborers, turn their mules into the woods, and abandon promising 194 crops of corn and cotton, simply for the want of food. Thousands of acres have been thus abandoned, and thousands will yet be, for the famine is yet rife in the land, and this very loss of crop has entailed another year of suffering upon all classes of the rural population of the South. In point of fact the people were in a worse condition this spring than they were when the war closed. There was money then in the hands of a portion of the people ; our army had left some; others had cotton to sell, so that there was some money in circulation. This spring, however, most of that money had left the country, and a failure of the crops the past year had left them badly in debt, and in a most helpless condition. They have, therefore, already antici- pated much of their coming crop, and it is doubtful whether at the end of the year, as a whole, they will be better situated financially than they were two years ago. The defective system of their agriculture has been strongly exemplified this year. Millions of dollars have been sent to Tennessee, Kentucky, and the western States, for corn, bacon, hay, and oats, all of which articles, except ba- con, could have been produced equally well on the farm. It is a grave mistake to think that hay cannot be made at the south, or that forage crops are unprofit- able. Nearly all the grasses which flourish at the north will do equally weil there, if properly cultivated. The quack grass, which is so much dreaded north, has proved itself very useful here, making a permanent sod, and being product- ive as a pasture grass. The Bermuda grass is invaluable for pasture; and though, from their very superficial method of cultivation, it becomes a pest in cotton fields, if it were more extensively sown in abandoned and worn-out lands, thousands of domestic animals could find support where only barren and desolate fields are now to be seen. Had the North pursued the same wasteful methods of cultivation which have prevailed at the south, there would be many unsightly worn-out fields where there are now smiling homesteads. The vege- table matter of the South, if properly conserved, would be truly enormous. At Macon, Georgia, on,the 2d of May, I saw lucerne that had been cut the second time, (nearly two feet long,) and red clover, orchard grass, blue grass, in blossom, that would have made at least a ton and a half of hay to the acre. On the Mississippi bottom, and indeed upon all intervale lands, white clover grows in luxuriant profusion. There is therefore little land where an abundance of forage for stock may not be made cheaply ; nor is there any where an ample supply of green food could not be grown for soiling the working animals during the spring and summer. I have seen no country where I thought soiling would pay so well, and it should be universally adopted as in the cotton and sugar zone of the South; for there, especially upon their lighter and thinner uplands, “ the pine lands,” as they are called, vegetable manure is of the utmost value towards securing a good crop, either of corn or cotton. The great cause of the exhaustion of those lands has been the loss of the vegetable matter of the soil. Nothing but an alluvion, often replenished by the-overflow of the river, could withstand the ter- rible process of cultivation which has so long obtained at the south. Land and labor being plenty, and cheap, the plan has been to open new fields constantly, and as fast as the old ones ceased to make remunerative returns, to abandon them and resort to the new ones. It cost more to conserve manures than to clear lands. Hence one sees few conveniences for keeping domestic animals. That a rigid system of high farming will become profitable I have no doubt. Jn many instances I found farmers who had saved the manure of their animals after a fashion, yarding their stock in rail pens without cover, then scraping up the litter, much soaked and washed by the winter and spring rains, and carrying it out upon their corn and cotton fields. Some few farmers have good barns and sheds, and their manure is well handled, and applied in good condition, and at the proper time. From these men I learned that by a proper rotation of crops, 195 and a free use of manures and fertilizers, in favorable years a bale of cotton per acre could be made even on what are called the poor pine lands of' the Caro- linas and Georgia. For the want, however, of skilfal cultivators, millions of acres will remain waste, worse even than the native forest. They have no longer the labor which has been so long and so foolishly turned to wasteful and improvident farming. Bef ore entering into detail as to the several States it may be well to say that the testimony of the planters over all parts of the south has been that by reason of the severity of the winter the earth was in finer condition for spring labor; that the crops were seeded in finer beds, and had been better worked, and had a better stand than had been known for years. Up to this time there has been little destruction from insects, and great confidence is felt that they will realize abundant crops for the breadth of land cultivated, which, probably, will not ex- ceed in the aggregate one-half the amount before the war. Having given a brief summary of the South as it appeared in early spring, and observations upon facts then brought to my mind, I shall now give in de- tail, by States and crops, the appearance up to this 1st of June—an important period of seed time and early cultivation having passed. VIRGINIA. But a small part of the cotton belt is found in Virginia. A few counties in the southeastern corner, south of the James river, and along the North Caro- lina line, embrace all the available cotton lands in the State. Only 12,727 bales are reported for 1860. These lands have been worked to a much larger extent than last year. The seed has been bedded in better order; more manure and fertilizers have been used; the plant has generally been well worked out, and presents a most promising stand. As compared with last year, the breadth seeded is nearly double, but as compared with the year before the war it is not one-half. The want of means both for paying hands and supporting the working force of the plantation in food and forage has been the great drawback. Tobacco is the great commercial staple of this State, 123,968,312 pounds being reported by the United States census of 1860. The breadth of land planted has been largely increased this year. Labor has become more reliable, the price of the product makes it profitable to cultivate, and it has long been a favorite staple. Its successful cultivation is practically better understood than in any other State except, perhaps, Kentucky ; and there the Virginia method is more or less followed. While the quantity of land planted is still very much below that of the year before the war, yet, compared with last year it must be more than double. The season thus far has been favorable, and the plant has a good stand. Wheat.—Owing to the scarcity of seed only a moderate breadth was seeded last fall. But it is now looking uncommonly fine. It has escaped nearly all accidents of insects and weather, and promises one of the largest acreable yields for years. ‘The crop will be unusually good both in quantity and quality. Corn.—T he continued high price of this grain, of which there was quite a surplus in the State, has stimulated the planting of a larger breadth than last spring. Much of the districted lands have been fenced and planted, and this State is rapidly getting back to her condition before the war. ‘The plant is being well worked out, and presents a thrifty stand. Oats.—The breadth of land seeded is much in advance of last year, and the crop looks well. The other crops grown are more or less exceptional, but generally look and promise well. Grass and clover will be largely in excess of the wants of all their stock, 196 and unless stock is driven in during the summer, much pasturage and hay will be lost. Stock of all kinds is rapidly increasing, but is still far below the capacity of the land to carry profitably. Up to this time Virginia, in her agriculture, may be considered as in a com- paratively prosperous condition. NORTH CAROLINA. This State may be considered as entirely within the cotton zone, though to- bacco and the cereals are both profitably cultivated, and to quite an extent. Cotton, tobacco, and rice are the commercial staples, though there is more or less surplus of the grains. The cow pea enters largely into her system of profitable cultivation, and is exported to other States in considerable quantities. The cow pea is to the lands of the south as a renovator what the clover plant is to the north, and when cultivation is based upon that in a routine of crops, some highly remu- nerative results have followed. In 1860 the cotton crop was 145,514 bales, and her tobacco crop 32,853,250 pounds, and 7,593,976 pounds of rice. As these represent her commercial crops, the others can be considered only accessory. Cotton —The breadth of land planted is much broader than last year, but does not yet make one-half of the quantity planted before the war. In many of the upper districts much that was planted and partially worked has been abandoned for want of food for the laborers and for the teams. The plant has a good stand, and, with the above exception, has been well worked and promises well. Wheat.—There is considerable good wheat land in this State, especially in the upper portions, as was shown by the last census, 4,743,706 bushels being reported. The crop this year will largely exceed that of last, but is fully three- fourths less than formerly. At this time it is looking well and promises a larger acreable yield than for many years past. Corn —This grain has not been planted to the extent that the exigencies of the country demand. It is a profitable crop to grow in this State, as there is a broad surface of good corn lands. The census reports 30,078,564 bushels, which makes it the seventh corn State in the Union. Its cultivation in the present state of labor will largely supersede cotton; it is looking well and has generally a fine stand. I saw a variety cf white flint peculiar to this State, which the department will do well to distribute to localities in a kindred climate ; it is a favorite further south, and outsells all other kinds put upon the market. Oats.—This crop is sown upon nearly every farm, the design being to make enough for the teams. It failed largely last year, but the plant looks well now, and a much larger breadth has been sown than last year, yet not one-half the amount before the war, when the last report made the crop 2,781,860 bushels. Rice.—Before the war the cultivation of this grain along the bays and rivers at tide-water was gradually increasing, and the quantity raised, as shown by previous figures, was quite an item in the commercial reports. The cultivation is now nearly abandoned. It requires capital and labor to carry on this the most profitable cultivation of any cereal in the whole list. But a small portion of the rice plantations are being worked at present, but upon those cultivated the plant has a fine stand and is looking well. Tobacco—As is shown by the figures, this is an important crop, and the largest made in any of the regular cotton States. The high price has stimu- lated its cultivation, and as labor could be secured more readily for its cultiva- tion than of cotton or rice, a much larger breadth is planted than last year, and perhaps in corn and tobacco there is a nearer approach to the breadth planted in former years than in any other crop. « 3% It would be well to note that the cultivation of the cow pea enters more largely into the system of farming in this than any other southern State. In this I think the southern farmers have a most valuable plant, for by its judicious use in a proper system of rotation, the land.can be rapidly reno- vated and at small expense. In this regard the North Carolina farms are far in advance. A favorite method with some very successful farmers is to sow last year’s corn stubble in peas; when ripe put on hogs to harvest them, and then plough under vines and sow wheat. By this means the land is improved, and increased crops are the result. SOUTH CAROLINA. Being well situated for the cultivation of rice and cotton, and having a sur- plus of labor, this State has devoted its agriculture to the cultivation of these two merchantable products, to the neglect of all her other agricultural resources, In proportion to area she has but little more poor soil than ,North Carolina, while in her rice.lands and sea islands she has much that is superior. Cotton.—The census shows tbat there was grown, as reported, 353,412 bales ; how much of this was sea island and how much upland does not appear, while the quantity planted is in excess of last year. It is safe to estimate that not over one-half of the land planted in 1859 and 1860 is now being worked, while through the region known as ‘“Sherman’s track,” the same causes which com- pelled the abandonment of fields after they had been planted and partially worked in North Carolina has produced like results, only to a larger extent here. Some have been compelled to abandon entirely and at once, while others have discharged their hands and teams, and worked with their families in order to make some corn and a little cotton to save them-from future starvation. While much relief has come to many of these people, but a small portion have been relieved, from the impossibility of getting conveyance to find the suf- fering or to send relief when found. If the history of the past and present suffering of these people in the Carolinas, Georgia, portions of Alabama, and Mississippi is ever fully written, an amount of human suffering will be dis- closed that has had no parallel in the Union. Even if the season be most propi- tious, there will yet be, until another planting and another harvest, untold mis- ery and starvation. It will hardly be credited that whole families have had no meat for weeks; that they have had but one meal a day, and that of pounded corn. Often they have denied themselves corn, that the sick could be fed, and have substituted roots and herbs gathered from the fields and woods. In one instance a husband had travelled some sixty miles to a relative, who had loaned him a cow then in milk, and there was joy in that family when the cow came. They had tasted no food for weeks but roots and herbs, and were weak and emaciated, but the milk restored their vigor. The man also brought a small parcel of seed-corn, and the cow was harnessed to the plough and a small patch of land was prepared for a future crop. This family consisted of father, mother, and five children. To the question, “ Why don’t you work?” “O, sir, tell us where we can get even a peck of corn or a pound of pork, and we will most gladly work, but everybody is like we are.” And this is the condition of thousands. - Corn.—More has been planted this year than last. In many instances but little cotton is planted, and the energies of the farm devoted to corn. Yet they are all so badly in debt that an effort is made to grow all the cotton possible. In the census the corn crop is put down at 15,065,606 bushels. It will fall far below that this year. I doubt if it reaches half. To furnish any permanent relief it should be double. ‘The plant is well cultivated and looks promising. Wheat.—Only 1,285,631 bushels are reported by the census for this State. For the lack of seed and labor but a small breadth was sown last year; it is 4 198 being harvested in good condition and yields well, but so pressing are the wants of the people that but a little will be left for seed. In many instances the green wheat and rye have been cut up and fed to the mules to enable the farmers to work their growing cotton and corn crops. Oats.—But a small crop, only 936,974 bushels, were made, as reported by the census; it is therefore of small consequence, though an effort has been made this year to sow considerable, but the scarcity of the seed and the poverty of the people have prevented anything like the usual breadth being put in. Rice—The census reported 119,100,528 pounds of hulled or merchantable rice. ‘The great destruction of the expensive fixtures on the rice plantations by the war has nearly broken up the cultivation; added to this is the want of capital and of labor, and the cultivation of a plantation is the exception rather than the rule, nor will the vast rice fields be again cultivated till a new system of labor is established; resort must be had to the Chinese. If proper efforts are made, I have no doubt abundant labor of that kind could be procured at San Francisco. And the Chinaman once domiciled on these plantations, there will be no further want for labor, and cheap labor, too, for there is scarcely any place on this continent where a Chinaman can live so cheap as on the rice plan- tations of the South. Tobacco.—This crop has been considered of small consequence in this State, the census only reporting 104,912 pounds. Whether there be really difficulties of soil or climate, or both, in the way of successful and profitable cultivation, I did not learn. Asa part of the State is on the same range of the Blue Ridge with Virginia and North Carolina, there seems no good reason why it cannot be grown as well as in those States. GEORGIA, In many respects Georgia must be considered the empire State of the South. Her agriculture has been more diversified, and before the war was rapidly im- proving. She has a wide range of soil and climate, and is destined to become an important manufacturing region, as her resources in motive power, and in raw material and central location are not surpassed by any other State, either north or south. As soon as she gets through with her political difficulties she will rapidly improve. Wheat—There was a lack of seed last autumn, and, therefore, not as large a breadth was seeded as would otherwise have been sown; still, a fair crop will be secured, and as the harvest is nearly completed, it has been secured in good condition. Both in quantity and quality it has been satisfactory, and will afford immense relief to the famishing thousands within her borders. It has not been a profitable crop, nor has it been a favorite heretofore. The census shows 2,544,913 bushels. It is considered a hazardous crop, and only becomes profitable in ex- ceptional years, as the present. Still, its cultivation will rapidly supersede cotton in all of middle and upper Georgia. Corn.—By the census report there was grown in 1859, 30, 776,293 bushels. In its general surface the soil of Georgia is congenial to this plant, and it will rapidly approximate some of the larger corn-yielding States. ‘The exigencies of agriculture will stimulate the rapid enlargement of the area of this plant under cultivation. When it becomes important to make the animal product of the farm approximate more nearly to that of the vegetable, corn and oats will rapidly increase in quantities cultivated. There is a large breadth now planted as compared with last year. Perhaps as compared with the year before the war it may be put down as nearly or quite one-half. The plant is looking well, has a good stand, and, though much of it is late, promises a good yield. Oats——The cultivation of this grain is increasing ; by the census it appears only 1,231,819 bushels were given. There has beena good breadth seeded this 199 year, though much less than would have been sown but for the difficulty in pro- curing seed in time for early spring sowing. It is considered a precarious crop unless sown early in the season. Generally the plant looks well, as the season thus far has been most propitious. Rice—Although the quantity of rice reported by the census was only 52,507,652 pounds, and less than one-half of South Carolina, it was not for the want of good rice lands. The cultivation of this grain had not been as much engaged in, and capital had been turned to other branches of farming. The cotton lands of Georgia were more productive, or rather sections of them were, than those of the Carolinas ; and while it was found quite as profitable to buy and cultivate these lands, there is not a tenth part of the rice plantations under cultivation this year, though the price of the grain would make it very profi- table. The want of labor and capital will seriously derange the future culti- vation of all the rice lands of the South, and that branch of farming will be abandoned. The little now planted looks well and promises an abundant yield. Cotton —Up to the war Georgia was constantly increasing in the cultivation of cotton. New railroads were being continually built through the State, which, by giving increased facilities for marketing the staple, gave additional inducements for employing their constantly increasing surplus labor in this branch of industry, as it was not of a kind that could be safely or profitably employed in manufacturing. The census reports 701,840 bales, making her the fourth of the cotton States. The scarcity and high price of corn, oats, and hay, the want of means to purchase, and the price of labor, have compelled the plant- ing of a less surface than last year; but the best land only has been selected, and the yield in the aggregate promises to be larger than last year to a moderate extent. The plant has a good stand, and as a general rule has been well worked out. The cool wet weather has retarded it, andin many localities has injured it, but still, if the remainder of the season be good there will be a good crop if there be help enough to secure it. Tobacco —This could not have been a favorite crop, as the census reports only 919,318 pounds. There is nothing in the climate or soil to prevent profit- able cultivation. If the price continue as at present the cultivation of tobacco will increase, as it is the only commercial crop which can be made with com- paratively little labor. FLORIDA. This State is small in area, and its agriculture can havé but little influence upon aggregate productions. Its peculiar location and delightful climate will make it sought for as the “truck patch” of the northern cities, for which it is most admirably adapted, and the fruit garden of the whole country. The cultivation of oranges, lemons, bananas, and other tropical or semi-tropical fruits, is largely on the increase, and as soon as quiet is restored to the land it will be rapidly peopled by those who will make its lands most valuable for these purposes. For eattle and sheep raising the interior holds out great inducements, and large herds are already to be found there. Ali its crops are especially promising, and the sea-island cot- ton, which is principally grown here, looks uncommonly well. A fair crop of wheat has been gathered. The high price obtained for their products has enabled the planters to pay such prices as have secured a good supply of reliable labor, and there will be a much nearer approximation to her former surplus of production than in any other State. ALABAMA, This was the second cotton State of the Union, reporting, according to the census of 1860, 989,955 bales of 400 pounds. The lands of this State, especially for cotton, are only exceeded by those of 200 the Mississippi bottoms. Its agriculture was progressive, and the planters were active, energetic men, though they had adopted a system that must have resulted in the complete exhaustion of their soil. The soil and climate will induce a more healthful system of farming, and there is no reason why, under a judicious system of cultivation, it should not rank among the first States of the Union in wealth and population. Wheat—There has not been much attention paid to this crop, though there are large quantities of excellent wheat lands. The breadth sown last fall was not large, both for the want of seed and of labor. The census reports only 1,208,444 bushels in 1860. As the average yield has been good, and the quality excellent, the crop will not fall far below these figures this year. Corn.—Like Georgia this can be made an important corn State. The year the State grew so large a crop of cotton, it also produced 33,228,282 bushels of corn, placing her first among the cotton States in corn-growing. The farmers have planted largely this year. There is now seeded in corn nearly double the breadth of last year at this time, and it is generally looking well and promises a good crop. Oats —This was considered an insignificant crop ; only 682,179 bushels were reported by the census. The probability is that the crop will largely exceed these figures this year. Rice and tobacco—These crops were not important in this State before the war. Only 989,955 pounds of rice and 232,914 pounds of tobacco were reported in the census, and but a very narrow breadth of land this year is in either crop. MISSISSIPPI. If the river could be restrained within its banks, so that the danger of the annual floods could be avoided, this would be the most valuable agricultural State inthe Union. In 1859, as reported in the census of 1860, on 5,065,755 acres of improved land she grew over a half million bushels of wheat, 29,059,682 bushels of corn, some oats, rice and tobacco, and 1,202,597 bales of cotton. The destruction of the levee along the banks of the river by both armies during the war, and since by the floods of the river, has rendered the lands so insecure in regard to the floods, that a large portion of the finest lands in the Union, not surpassed even by the Nile lands of Egypt, is being abandoned, and will soon be given up to a cottonwood jungle. As this subject of the condition of the bottom lands will be alluded to in another part of the report, I pass over it for the present. When I saw these lands there was a strip of the best of them ten to forty miles wide submerged by an unusually high flood, and if it sub- sided in the usual time, even then it would not be possible to make a full crop either of cotton or grain. The suffering by reason of the inundation has been very great. The loss of life among the freedmen has been serious. Even if they escape the usual June overtiow, there will not be the usual breadth of land of last year cropped, and it must depend upon the uplands and poorer portions of the State for any con- siderable crop. Wheat—But little of this grain has been grown—only 587,925 bushels. Theré has been made this year a crop fully equal to that reported by the census. Corn.—Though this crop is ordinarily an important one, there has been a scarcity since the war and the partial failure of the crop last year. Only a small crop was harvested. Large quantities have been brought down the river to support teams and laborers in making the present crop. Owing to the high water the breadth of land planted will uot be as large as last year, and a dimin- ished crop will be the result. As a general rule the plant looks well and promises a good yield. 201 Oats—The census reported 221,235 bushels, and the crop bids fair to largely exceed these figures this year. Rice and tcbacco—These crops have not been important in this State, as the census reports only 809,082 pounds of rice, and 159,141 pounds of tobacco. There is but little planted this year, and the crop will practically amount to nothing. LOUISIANA. This is an important agricultural State and has some of the most valuable lands in the Union; it is the only State, except Texas, where cane sugar can be profitably cultivated to any extent. The product by the census was 221,726 hogsheads of sugar of 1,000 pounds each, and 13,439,772 gallons of cane mo- lasses. Florida made 1,669 hogsheads of sugar, and 436,357 gallons molasses ; and Georgia 4,167 hogsheads of sugar, and 546,749 gallons of molasses; and Texas made 5,099 hogsheads of sugar, and 408,358 gallons of molasses. The aggregate of cane sugar made in the Union was 230,982,000 pounds ; of cane molasses, 14,963,996 gallons; while the aggregate of maple sugar for the same time was 40,120,083 pounds, and maple molasses 1,597,589 gallons, and 6,749,123 gallons of sorghum molasses, showing the great importance of the lands which can be profitably cultivated to sugar cane. Sugar cane—There are comparatively but few plantations of cane being cul- tivated this year, owing to the flood, to the want of seed cane, and the scarcity of capital, and of reliable labor. It is very doubtful if one-fourth of the plan- tations cultivated before the war are now under cultivation, though great profits which might and can be realized would naturally be supposed to tempt capital to embark in their cultivation. Sugar plantations of the first quality, near New Orleans, can row be bought for less than $20 per acre, that would net not less than $100 per annum in sugar; for the want of seed cane to stock them, and capital to work them, they are abandoned now and rapidly being grown up to cottonweod and other brush. Wheat and oats —These crops were simply insignificant, being only 32,208 bushels of the one, 89,377 bushels of the other,reported. Equally abundant crops of each will be made this year, and hereafter the cultivation will largely increase. Corn.—This crop willlargely exceed that of last year, though far behind the one reported in the census, which was 16,853,745 bushels. Off from the bottoms, the plant looks well and promises a good yield. Rice —This crop has been cultivated to some extent, as the census reports 6,331,257 pounds. Very little land is now under cultivation, and the crop will be hardly worth mentioning. Tobacco—This plant seems to have been but little cultivated ; the crop is reported at 32,901 pounds, by far the smallest in any cotton State. I could hear of but little being planted, generally only for home use. Cotton —This has been the third cotton State, as the census reports 777,738 bales. The flood has so affected the best cotton lands, that it is very doubtful if there will be as much made as last year, and that was a very small crop as compared with 1860. ‘ Preparations were made in the spring for a large crop, but the flood has frustrated their calculations in a serious degree. The hands have died or are dispersed ; the loss of mules by the depredations of the buffalo fly has been so large as to seriously affect team labor, and retard work on plan- tations which have not been reached by the flood. All these disasters combined will reduce the crop in the aggregate below that of last year. Altogether the prospects of the cotton planters in this State, and indeed on all plantations on the cotton lands of this State, and the States above on both sides of the river, are most gloomy, and will rapidly lead to the abandonment of these lands for cotton cultivation. As I did not visit Arkansas or Texas, I can only speak of these States from 2()2 - information furnished by residents whom I met along my journey. Arkansas is in much the condition of Mississippi, by reason of the flood, and the remarks in regard to that State would apply to it. By the census it appears there were made 367,393 bales of cotton and 17,823,588 bushels of corn. Both of these crops may be larger in the aggregate than last year, but will be small as com- pared with those reported by the census. Texas has suffered less than any other southern State from the war, and last year was a productive one in her agricultural products. The planters have made preparations for a large crop of cotton this year. The census crop was reported at 431,463 bales, and it is expected that half of that number may be reached this year. I shall not be surprised, from present appearances, if the crop reach even more than that, while the corn crop will probably exceed that made before the war. The agriculture of Texas is ina highly prosperous con- dition. . The “Ramie.”’—While in New Orleans my attention was called to specimens of the Boehmeria tenacissima, introduced from Java via Mexico by Don Benito Roezl. It is a valuable plant, and may be destined to have an important bearing upon the agricultural interests of the South and the nation. I saw it growing in the propagating garden of the Agricultural Fair Association. These will be on exhibition at their fair in November, with fabric and fibre. MISSISSIPPI FLOOD. My attention was called to the deplorable condition of the country which had been devastated by the overflow of the Mississippiriver. ‘The flood had become serious in its magnitude at a much earlier period of the spring than usual. Its volume was expanded by the early breaking up of the Missouri and its mountain tributaries, and the annual overflow of the Ohio and its tributaries was thus met by the unseasonable flood of the Missouri, which, together with the unusual overflow of the rivers below the Ohio, combined to make the flood of this spring one of the most memorable in regard to its magnitude and its destructive conse- quences. For over a thousand miles from Cairo to Fort St. Francis the country on each side of the river was submerged for the average distance of thirty miles, making an ageregate of full sixty miles wide by one thousand miles in length, that was covered by a depth of water varying from many feet to a few inches. Large preparations had been made to try and repair the losses which had been incurred the last year by the partial failure of the crops from various reasons. In innumerable instances that came to my knowledge they had reached from five thousand to even twenty thousand dollars, and returning prosperity or total ruin was involved in the results of this year’s crops. Perhaps in no section of the South have more desperate efforts been made than on the bottom lands of the rivers which have been so sadly affected by this great flood. Hundreds of planters have risked their all, the result must be a serious loss. The levees have been destroyed by war and by the flood Always expensive, and in the most prosperous times requiring constant supervision, and heavy annual re- pairs, they have been so long abandoned that where five years ago there were open and well cleared lands, the cottonwood has grown up in a thick jungle from twenty to sixty feet high, and the clearing for a crop would involve greater labor than was required to clear off the original forest, though that involved the clearing of cottonwood trees of enormous size. I am satisfied that upon all the lands which have been inundated not half a crop will be raised. A very large breadth that had been prepared and partially planted has been abandoned entirely, owing to the loss and dispersion of labor in the freedmen and the mules, and the lands thus abandoned would under fa- vorable circumstances have produced at least a bale of cotton tothe acre. The 203 cotton culture was concentrating on these lands from the less fertile and pro- ductive States east, and any calamity which befalls the plant here must be felt in the aggregate of the crop. ‘There can be little doubt as to the crop being at . least half below that of last year, and not one-tenth part of the crop reported in 1860, and which has been mentioned in another part of this report. How these lands, so valuable for the future cultivation of sugar and cotton, are to be saved, is a question of serious import to the whole people of the Union. By consulting the very exhaustive and invaluable report made by Captain Hum- phreys and Lieutenant Abbott, upon the Mississippi river, much matter of the utmost importance will be found. They have divided the valley into two sections, one above and the other be- low Red river. Of the section above there is not less than 6,000,000 acres tillable, which if once reclaimed would not be worth less than $25 per acre. If well under cyltivation $10 per acre would not be considered a high rent. Below the Red river there was, more than a million acres under cultivation which was then valued at $100 per acre, making an aggregate of upwards of seven millions of acres, of the value of two hundred and fifty millions of dollars. To reclaim and protect this land will cost not less than $25,000,000, with all the work now done in the way of protection. They show that the only safe and sure method is by levees, and to make them effective and ultimately useful they shoald be done by the general government, and upon a plan which they have mentioned after long consideration, and submit in their report. The cost would be less than four dollars per acre, and would be cheerfully paid by the land owners, or could be easily collected from the land, as its enhanced value would insure its prompt collection. I would suggest that the subject has a national importance that will warrant you in calling the attention of Congress thereto. Of the various crops mentioned in the foregoing report, cotton has the most dangers to surmount. It is hardly possible that the plant will be equally suc- cessful over the large region where it has been planted, or that it will escape the many enemies that usually assail it in its progress. I can only say that a partial failure will be considered most disastrous by nearly every planter who has engaged in its cultivation. I am, sir, most respectfully, your obedient servant, THEODORE C. PETERS. Hon. Isaac NewTon, Commissioner of Agriculture. IMPORTATION OF SHEEP. There is a general revival of interest in long-wool sheep. The Cotswolds, of the improved English breeds, are the most popular. Mr. Burdett Loomis, of Connecticut, proposes to go to Europe for the purpose of enriching his flocks with the best blood attainable. Others have recently made valuable importa- tions. The following correspondence has arisen from the anxiety of importers to conform to the Treasury regulations relative to rinderpest : DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, Washington, D. C., June 15, 1867. Str: A correspondent of this department, an importer and breeder of thor- ,ough-bred long-wool sheep, is desirous of knowing whether, under present in- structions for executing the law of Congress guarding against rinderpest, any restriction of the importation of such stock now exists. I have never heard of 2 204 an authenticated instance of communicating the infection through sheep, and rarely has any of the race taken the disease, even in the midst of herds dying of the most virulent forms of rinderpest. While extreme caution, as long as the danger exists, is highly important, the wool interests of this country would be greatly subserved by the introduction of improved English stock from districts which have been entirely free from rinderpest for the last ten or twelve months. The information sought will prove important to many others. I am, sir, your obedient servant, J. W. STOKES, Acting Commissioner. Hon. Hueu McCuttoca, Secretary of the Treasury. ——— . ’ TreEASURY DEPARTMENT, June 15, 1867. Sir: Your letter of this date has been received, inquiring if the laws and regulations guarding against the introduction of the rinderpest prevent the im- portation of sheep, and in reply you are advised that the law is pointed only at neat cattle, and the hides of neat cattle, and that there has been no restric- tion placed upon the importation of sheep. J would suggest, however, that as it is said the disease is sometimes communicated through the medium of wool, either in the fleece or upon the sheep, it would be prudent to cause sheep com- ing from countries where the disease prevails to pass through a disinfecting process if practicable. I am, sir, very respectfully, H. McCULLOCH, Secretary of the Treasury. Hon. J. W. STOKES, Acting Commissioner of Agriculture. THE SCAB IN TEXAS SHEEP. The following is furnished by Thomas Affleck, a well-known citizen of 'Texas, residing at Brenham, Washington county : “The writer, a citizen of Texas, anxious to inform himself thoroughly of the causes which make sheep-farming, whether in breeding or feeding, so successful in the little island of Great Britain, whilst very moderately so in the United States, made this the subject of close investigation there during the past win- ter. The results may be of general interest ; but especially to those engaged in sheep-farming in the southern and western States. There is no other branch of farming in which so much has been made during the past twenty-five years in Great Britain, as in this; and that, be it understood, in the regular breeding and feeding of sheep for their, wool and mutton. “ Mutton is a much more popular article of food in England than in America, and is always fed up to the highest point of perfection, as to fatness, attainable at the early age at which the animal is slaughtered. «To my taste, with the exception of an occasional slice or rib of the black-faced mutton of Scotland, fed more on grass than on turnips and oil-cake, it is gen- erally surpassed in delicacy of flavor and juiciness by that fed upon the Ber- muda grass of Mississippi, or the mesquit grass of Texas. “It is unnecessary to discuss here the different breeds, and their comparative excellence for mutton or wool. All are bred, fed, and handled with the utmost 205 care, system, and judgment; and this with a view to both mutton and wool. Combing-wools seem now to be most valued and carefully bred. There is none of this class imported which competes successfully with that of British growth, unless it be some from Australia and New Zealand, the yield of long-wooled breeds exported thither years ago, and now composing large flocks there. ‘‘ Cross-bred sheep, as they are called, are favorites with most feeders ; and for certain purposes the wool of some of the crosses is highly valued. Leicester tups bred to Cheviot ewes make a popular cross. Both parents, in every case, are kept pure for the purpose. And it seems to be universally conceded that the first cross is alone desirable. It is seldom carried further, unless by way of experiment. The conclusion I arrived at is, that to constant and systematic care is ascribable the almost uniform success in this business in Great Britain. «To one point of exceeding interest to us, in Texas, I gave much attention. Just before the war, certain lots of Merino tups, infested with that dreadful pest the scab, were brought into the State, and having been readily bought up for the further improvement of flocks, disseminated the disease all over the State. During the war the usual remedies employed for destroying the scab insect were not readily attainable, or could not be spared for this purpose, so that the pest spread more and more, almost exterminating many flocks, and these always of the finest-wooled Merinoes. Some persevered most faithfully, under every diffi- culty, in their efforts to eradicate the disease, employing various means, as ‘strong lime-water with sulphur, tobacco ooze, arsenic, &c.; but, as is supposed,. without complete success in any instance. Mr. G. W. Kendall, in one of his valuable articles in the Texas Almanac for 1867-—valuable, because always. honestly true, and to the point—recounting failures as well as successes, hopes. to sueceed by the use of tobacco. “‘T could not learn of any entire cure by this means alone, either in Great Brit- ain, Australia or New Zealand, in which colonies scaé well-nigh ruined the flock- master in spite of tobacco, sulphur, arsenic, &c. The insect may be destroyed in the flock by the repeated and persevering use of these ingredients, but their effect is soon dissipated. The insect is still present in the range or sheep-walk, and on every tree or post against which the poor tortured animal may have rubbed itself; or a single infested sput on asingle animal of the flock may have been overlooked, and soon proves sufficient in the clear atmosphere of the colonies named, so like our own, to infest the entire flock. Moreover, all of these rem- edies, together with mercurial preparations, hellebore, &c., are dangérous both to sheep and shepherd ; and, as was pointed out to us by wool-buyers and con- sumers, all render the wool more or less harsh, and tender in the staple. This was sought to be remedied by the use of oily compounds. In old times, and to some extent in the highlands of Scotland even yet, sheep were smeared with a mixture of pine tar and palm oil, or cheap butter. But the damage to the wool by staining, &c., is so great as to have caused its abandonment, except upon open-fleeced breeds in exposed ranges. “The discovery within a few years of the acid of coal-tar, known as carbolic, cresylic or phenic acid, and of its effects upon insect life, and as a most powerful disinfectant, antiseptic, and curative and cleanser of sores and wounds, has pro- duced a complete revolution in sheep-dips. “ Certain manufacturing chemists in England made and patented saponaceous and other compounds of ecresylic acid. One of these, a cheap compound of the crude acid with fatty matters, made slightly saponaceous, and known as McDougall’s sheep dip, has come into almost universal use. “The writer, finding this to be the case, as the result of his search after a means of ridding Texas of the pest, followed up the subject from the laboratory, the farm of the sheep-walk, to the wool market and the factory, and found the report to be, with hardly a dissenting voice, that it supplied the great desider- atum—a cheap means of destroying vermin and curing cutaneous diseases in 206 sheep, and preventing their return for some months after each dip, even in an infected range ; healing and cleansing to the animal; harmless to the operator ; increasing the growth of wool, rendering it at the same time soft and without discoloration. “ Much more was claimed for this acid which would need confirmation by ex- periment here. Cresylic or carbolic soaps are made of various qualities, for different uses. The coarsest is this sheep-dip, being made of crude or undeodor- ized acid, and is used upon dogs in the kennels and elsewhere, driving off and preventing fleas, curing mange, &c., to prevent ticks on cattle, horses, &. A hard brown soap in bars, partially deodorized, is required to be used in hospitals, infirmaries, jails, barracks, on ship-board, &c. ; being, at the same time, a pow- erful disinfectant. A better quality is coming into general use in families for washing clothes, bedding, &c. It is asserted that neither fleas, bed-bugs, nor any other vermin will touch clothing so washed ; and more wonderful still, that mos- quitoes will not touch face or hands washed with the cresylic hand-soap before going to bed. The acid is found to be a complete preventive to the destruction of all wooden structures in the East Indies by the white ant, and is also said to be the basis or active principle in all the preparations offered for preventing the fouling of the bottoms of iron ships. The British government requires the free use of McDougall’s disinfecting powder on board of all emigrant and troop ships, in barracks, &c. Altogether, it would appear that science has discovered in this acid a great boon to man, and especially to the agriculturist in the country. “'To us, in Texas, it will prove of great value. ‘The greatest trouble, and al- most the only one which the energetic and systematic stock-breeder here has to contend with, is what we know as the screw-worm, the maggots of a large gray fly, which are deposited instantly upon a fresh wound, or even a drop of blood following a mosquito or fly-bite. The maggots quietly penetrate the skin and eat rapidly into the flesh. Horses and sheep, if not attended to at once, suffer terribly ; cattle are more easily cured, and swine cure themselves by wallowing in the mud. Calomel, put in the orifice, is the most common remedy. Chero- kee liniment is also used.largely. But both are costly, and the latter is severe in its effects. From what I have seen of its application in like cases, I shall use the cresilic sheep-dip as a sure and cheap remedy. I learn that the value of this acid had been discovered by chemists in the United States, and a com- pany has been formed in New York for the manufacture of soaps, sheep-dip, &c. If so, it is important that the fact should be made public and thus save the trouble and cost of importation. The sheep-dip, as used in Europe, is a black and stiff soft soap, put up in tin cans, kegs, barrels, &c. ; smells strongly of coal tar; is dissolved in soft water until about the consistency of rich milk, into which the sheep are dipped immediately after shearing, and again in the fall. Ten pounds of the composition, costing five shillings, are sufficient for fifty sheep ; that is, the large, heavily fleeced English sheep. Each animal is kept in the bath a full minute, and where scab is present, some of the dip is rubbed well into the infected spots. ‘‘Sheep-dipping is largely followed as a business. A light wagon to carrya barrel of the composition, with a nest of three or four oblong tubs of galvanized sheet iron, is all the stock in trade. These dippers, buying the article*in bulk, get a liberal discount; and charging about twopence a head, make a good business of it at five shillings for enough to dip fifty sheep ; the cost is about two and a half cents, coin, per head. Wages, &c., being higher here, the charge would be somewhat more. “Every flock-master with whom I conversed claimed that the increased growth of wool was greater than the cost of dipping. As the obnoxious effect to insects continues for months, the animals are not again infected even though the causes might still exist in the range or upon an occasional sheep.” 207 VOLUNTEER OATS. Samples of oats are received from George Clendenin, of Glenwood, D. C., four feet six inches in height, and promising to be unusually heavy, which were sowed a year ago, and ploughed under in September last, the ground being seeded with timothy. They have grown with the timothy, and will probably yield a third of a crop of heavy oats. Mr. C. proposes to sow them in the fall, and make an attempt for a crop of winter oats. ‘SALMON PROPAGATION IN AUSTRALIA. An interesting experiment in pisciculture has resulted successfully. An at- tempt was made to hatch salmon once in Australia, which had been transported sixteen thousand miles in ice, and the result after three years of effort and wait- ing, by Mr. James Youl, Edward Wilson, and others, is a fine run of veritable salmon up the Derwent, and a promise of future abundance for local consump- tion and even exportation. The following statement is made by a local paper, the Hobart Town Mercury : “Tt will be three years next month since the first batch of salmon ova was landed on these shores, and the joy that was felt at the discovery that they had been landed in a sound and healthy condition will not be soon forgotten. We had long been laboring ourselves, and had long had earnest friends at home laboring, for the introduction of salmon into our waters, and we look upon this, after two or three bitter disappointments, as the first step towards the realiza- * tion of our wishes. Still, few were so sanguine as to think the difficulty alto- gether surmounted, and the majority of those rejoiced with trembling. They said let us see fish hatched from the ova first, and turned out into the Der- went next, and we shall then be better satisfied. At length both these con- ditions were fulfilled. And then not a few shook their wise heads on hearing that the first batch of salmon had been sent out to sea, and said they would never come back. ‘They were either to perish for want of suitable food in these seas, or were to be destroyed by their natural enemies. But rather less than three years has been sufficient to show the groundlessness of these fears.” SALMON LADDERS. The following plan of a salmon ladder has been exhibited at Bergen, in Nor- way, by a Mr. Hetting, and a model was to be exhibited at the Salmon Fishing Congress, which was to open on the 7th of the present month in London. The troughs connecting with the boxes are twelve feet long, three feet broad, and three feet in depth. The resting-boxes are eight feet long, six feet wide, and five feet deep. The last debouches into the river against the stream. No water is allowed to run through it in winter, thus avoiding the danger of bursting from ice. The author of “Sport in Norway,” who communicates the information to Mr. Buckland, the English naturalist, says the salmon has been known to leap a fall of twenty feet when the water is sufficiently deep to enable them “ to get a good spring.” HUNGARIAN GRASS, (Panicum Germanicum.) The Department of Agriculture having recently sent to the southern and southwestern States a quantity of the Hungarian grass seed, and inquiries hav- ing been made as to its value, the manner of culture, &c., it has been deemed proper to give the information sought. 208 Many farmers have kept both horses and horned stock through the winter with no other feed than Hungarian grass; the animals coming out of winter quarters in a superior condition. There need be no fears of poisoning, as inti- mated by one correspondent; the suggestion probably arose from injuries re- sulting from over-eating. This grass is now generally used and highly esteemed for forage, is used green or dry, is very productive, of quick growth, and flourishes well in dry soils. Flint, in his valuable work on grasses, says: “The Hungarian millet has been cultivated to some extent in this State (Massachusetts) from seed received through the Patent Office. It is an annual forage plant introduced into France in 1815, where its cultivation has become considerably extended. ‘It germi- nates readily, withstands the drought remarkably, remaining green even when other vegetation is parched up, and if its development is arrested by dry wea- ther, the least rain will restore it to vigor. It has numerous succulent leaves, which furnish an abundance of green fodder, very much relished by all kinds of stock. It flourishes in somewhat light and dry soils, though it attains its greatest luxuriance in soils of medium consistency, and well manured. It may be sown broadcast or in drills and cultivated precisely like other varieties of millet.” D. B. Dixon, of Muscatine, Iowa, after experimenting with this grass, remarks : “Tt is luxuriant in its growth, and produces hay of the finest quality. Horses and cattle eat it with avidity. A good crop of Hungarian grass is about three tons of hay and thirty bushels of seed to the acre, while it will often go beyond and seldom falls below this. The time for cutting is when the seed is nearly ripe, and the whole plant of a fine yellow color. It may be cured in the same manner as hay. As fodder, after threshing, it is fully equal to timothy; and when fed out with the seed in, as it generally should be, it is better than good sheaf oats.” William Story, of Jamestown, Fentress county, Tennessee, says: “I send you a full account of my experiments with the Hungarian grass. On the 10th of June, 1858, I received a pint of the seed from the Patent office, and on the 11th I sowed it ona piece of rich clay land. I ploughed the ground with a shovel plough, which left the surface very rough and uneven. I then harrowed about one-fourth of the patch, leveling the surface very smooth. After sowing the seed on all the ground I again harrowed. The ground was very dry, and the weather continued hot for three weeks ; consequently it was some time before the seed came up. I was soon sorry I had not harrowed all the ground before sowing, for where I had omitted this operation but few seeds came up. Not- withstanding the extreme heat of the sun the grass grew astonishingly fast, branched out beyond all expectation, and grew about waist high by the first of August. It was headed out like millet, though seeming more vigorous and hardy. By the 10th of August the heads, which were from one to six inches in length, were all turned to a golden-yellow color. I cut and threshed off the seed, and had sixty-three pints from the one pint of seed sown. I am confident that not more than half the seed came up, and consequently the sixty-three pints were the product of half a pint of seed. In Tennessee it should be sown about the first week in May, on clear and loose ground, harrowed smooth before and after sowing. Que bushel of seed will, I think, sow three acres. I recom- mend the Hungarian grass to be the best and most nutritious of all grasses, and shall rejoice when our State shall be well supplied with it.” THE Wart SCARCITY. Both farmers and consumers may well deprecate the unprincipled operations of speculators, and fear the effect of their combinations and perversions of facts. 209 The immense aggregation of wealth in the hands of fortunate stock and pro- duce gamblers enables them to accomplish what would never have been at- tempted years ago. ; As we have repeatedly shown, there has been a gradual decline in wheat pro- duction for three years past, more from diminished yield than decreased acreage, yet still leaving for the past year’s consumption about five bushels per capita of population. This is ample for the people’s bread, a little for export, and a surplus so much reduced, in comparison with former stocks in granary or store- house, that speculators have been led to believe that they could control it, and compel, for a time, enormous prices from unwilling hand-to-mouth consumers ; and very well have they succeeded, as $18 to $20 for a barrel of flour will attest. California, with eleven millions of bushels of wheat, nearly half of which was surplus, was compelled to go abroad for a market; and owing to high prices,caused — quite as much by a cornering process as by legitimate scarcity, was induced to make repeated shipments to New York instead of to Liverpool. Straightway telegrams were circulated, designed to show the dependence of the States upon California for wheat, the reshipment of wheat from Liverpool, the transmission of these extraneous supplies to Buffalo, and even to Chicago, until timid peo- ple were taught speedily to expect a famine. With the first intimations of moderate success in the coming wheat harvest came a collapse of prices, as a matter of course. It now appears that there was not only wheat enough for sowing an extra breadth of spring wheat for the demand caused by heavy emigration, for the bread of our own people till harvest, but also for a larger exportation than for a similar period of last year. A statement of British exports for the first three months of the calendar year, which is received at the Department, shows the following result, from Jan- uary 1, 1866, to April 1, 1867: 1866. | 1867. Wiest eWle Cree acer ers eee hea eee 302, 084 680, 361 Wiener rOwil\:. star. fete See ees cre oe Chee 162, 412 78, 464 This is equivalent when reduced to bushels, to 917,786 bushels, in the first quarter of 1866, and 1,456,192 bushels in the same period of 1867, showing an actual increase, in this era of speculative famine of 494,406 bushels; fifty per cent. increase of wheat exports furnishes a good commentary upon the mendac- ity which has cost consumers more than half of the increased cost of their recently purchased flour. The invoice price (in gold) of this wheat averaged $1 32 in the former period and $1 42 in the latter; of flour, $6 41 in 1866, and $6 71 in 1867. It is everywhere reported of late that farmers are bringing out hoarded wheat, from 100 to 200 bushels each. They are content to take prices much less than those recently offered. It is unfortunate that newspapers are so much at the mercy of panic makers. The constant iteration of specious but deceptive facts, not to mention pernicious falselfoods, naturally begets a growing belief in the statements made, until the whole community is fearful of prospective starvation. Great care should be taken to guard against such mischief-making. 210 Table showing the condition of the crops, §c., on the first day of June, 1867. WINTER WHEAT. ay Users ai STATES. lod ie =| re om | 28 23 |33 se 13s oi S34 = | 86 oH) Mine 584528 45605 10 10.6 New Hampshire.-...| 10 10 Wermont-.--. 4. Se ONS eS, Massachusetts....-- NOR? SV ali2e "Rhode Island ......|-----.]------ Connecticut ....... ONS Rey Now, York < 22) 522% 10.6 | 11.4 New Jersey.......- 10% eel Pennsylvania ...-... 10.1 | 15.5 Delaware..........| 10.5 | 13 Maryland =. 10.4 | 13 Warne. open nn 8 13.3 | 20 North Carolina ..... 10.8 | 14 South Carolina-.-.- 10.7 | 15.4 Georcinie-.- oss se 11.1 | 16 IMbtikie = sSeeodacos| Passos lbodase Alabama... ..2. 2... 10.7 | 16.2 Mississippi-........ 10.7 | 12.3 WOUIsiaNe See. serie 11.6 | 10 Mexcs ates: oer on 8 8 ATKANBSS\152 oe tee 2 13.4 | 10.8 Tennessee ...-.-... TPA i633 West Virginia....-. 9.9 | 18.8 Kentucky. -..-..--- 10.5 | 15.3 Missount- sss ee 1229 ASO Mlamois)cts en eeeocce tke |) 1b 5s Iandianas. 5225222. 8.6 | 17.3 (Cir) Se epee sae 8.4 | 26 Michioan .-. (22... - 10.6 | 18 Wasconsin:.....<... Shih | 1h, Minnesota. ......... 10.5 | 10.7 Tawa cis accis-i| S22) & | Sex bee 6 |558| 58/528) 8 | 588 < youll be sen Beet [be 10,4) 40 -) 4041.49 9.4] 9 9 190 | 40) - | 40 | 25>] toe soe eae 11-3) 40) 120° \} 41.5) 90° toa 12.1 | 10.3] 11.3] 11 | 10.7 | 10.7 | 10.7 ie) Ase a a ea ee 10.3 | 9.7 11.6 )20 412: 40% |10.8)\a05mame ul 9.5} 91] 11 9.71 95) 9 W310) dt ae | 10 8, leas 12. 1a) 20 ad 9.7 | 9 9.3 | 10 EPS AR eat se Soa a ae 10. op \ad Ils b aikeh ert eee eee 10 9.3 13 (011 20.5ale7 |.10,5 |e eee 11,1,| 10 =| 20 9.5/13.5110 | 10 12.8 | 8.7 | 10 9.3.} 15.7 | 10 |-10 2 |10 |12.5|10.5|14 | 11.5] 14 449470; 1a ete 10.3: 9.54 .8°°\10" | 10° “| a2 CE opie ee MRM | = 9 8.6| 9 8 6.8! 6 | 10 p° | 12.5) 11 410:7 115.5 | dee 10.3|11 | 11.1] 105/13 |10 | 10,6 13.9| 9.8|12.7]}11 | 12.3] 10,8 | 10.3 12 9.3111.7| 9.4] 9.7] 9.6] 10 13 | 10.4 | 11.7 | 13.1 4.13.1 | die uv 9.9 | 10.1 | 12.5111.2| 9.6] 10.4 BI 9,7 | 11.7 | 14.8] 11.3] 9.5) 9.8 17.4] 9.2} 18 13.7.) 11.710 ees 11 | 20.1) 10.6} 11.6 | 10. | 1oseaeoae 11.2/ 9.91/10 |11.5| 10.7] 9.5] 10.5 9.5110 40 | 43.511. 3)euene 10.6| 9.9| 10.4 |12.8| 10.5] 9.9} 10.2 9.1| 9 9 Laie ae 9.6 | 10 9,2 | 10 8.7|19 | 10 11.3 | 9.4 211 Condition of the crops, &c.—Continued. STATES, Average acreage sown com pared with last year. Matters. 25-2 22 Js. 9.7 New Hampshire -...| 10 Wermont 22.5... 10.7 Massachusetts...... 10.4 Rhode Island ...... 10.7 Connecticut........ 10.6 New; Yorks <.. 2... 9.2 New Jersey........ 10.4 Pennsylvania ...... 9.5 Welswaregs 2.20 3.- 9 Maryland..-....... 10.3 Ming. a) cows 10.3 North Carolina ..... 10.5 South Carolina ..... de ci Georgia! i5...5 26. 12.2 Winds Se ese Ste 10.4 PANAMA oe sos kts HVEG Mississippi--........ 10.6 Mogisiana 552.0284. 11 "Rexns') ae Su 8 8: 8 AMEANSES lo 25 hese 13.8 Tennessee. .-.....-. 11.3 West Virginia...... 10.8 Kentucky -......... 1051 Massari. - 525-25 11.9 Wlinois Jose t}.4 54: - 10.4 Indiannaet 3.2 24 5252 10.4 Ohio) 2242 5R328 Vee. 937 Michigani2=. 29224: 10.9 Whisconsins=3-a25 23 10.7 ‘Minnesota ......... 12 Gamer es 325 21. ae Hak Kiansas- . 285. 4523 11.1 last Average condition on the 1st of ail June compared with year, CLOVER. SPRING PASTURE. MAPLE SUGAR AND MOLASSES. 2 |g | 233 a: le | 38s sais | Bes a. Led Ieee & So Ses s | $88) 3s < < < 10 14 il lea | 10 10.4 9.7 10 11 11.5 10.5° |) 12 11 1087 "| LOSS 9.7 10 11.6 | 10.3 10 1OZ5: | 10 10.4 | 10.7 | 10 O27 5), bh 1052 10 11 jul 9.8} 11.3 | 10.5 LRGs | lea. elles 13S) |. 1057 10 10575). 4037-410 13.4 | 10 11 J. jas) 26- see 11 49) PD On? Gsbr] 958 1510 10 13 10 TOs | aO53 1 a0 10 8 10 1245") 1053 } 10 10 ee) fi 10.2 9.9 9.5 10.6 | 10.7 | 10.6 10.4 | 10.8 | 10.1 9.7 | 10.5 9.5 10 Pie7 | ,.10.3 1052) 10:9 | 9.6 LOSSA KO: . 9.1 10.5 | 10.8 9 10.5 | 10 9.1 Ose | 29.6 | 9.7 11 9 8.9 tures on the lst of June com- Average condition of clover pas- pared with last year. _ x — lasses made compared with made this spring compared last year, with last year. Average amount of maple mo- Average amount of maple sugar SHEEP. = 3 =] Rn S ° ke ° a ~~ ° 1 3° 2 n s 2 n = a) > a ZR = -~ ° Oo & 3 & | oO o ~ oO -F & 3 iI oO > = 5 ve 9 4 spring Average per centage of loss of lambs dropped this compared with last year, eee eee tee ees XD ~) OV el oe i) 212 Condition of the crops, &c.—Continued, Wool), (oon APPLES. PEACHES, PEARS. Ganikae |aa..) 8 S 2 S" S = = = e a) 5 Ss iS) a) 5 STATES. Ex 3. wes EF <5 Ss ae Bg =e se |e |38,| 621 #2) Bs | Be | sa ee Pe, 18° |e el ge) cae ee | Ss | Be eee Pes oe. kee! ue : g s S : < 41% < < < < |< Mames. 2202) 222. 0.252. 5 OFF | OFF 10%5: | E9781 16 10 12 11.3 New Hampshire --....---. 20 9 HOM | "S78 | OFS | SSS les ee 11.4 WEtMON is te fos te aise eae 9 9.5 | 10 10 QU |p Seeeetecce es 11 11 Massachusetts..-.-..----. 16 10 10 7 | 1025 | 4106}. 1176 eres Rhode Tsland) ::2222 :5s22.|--- 262 ONT EMOed. 1 NG 10 De 40 ll 10 Connecticat...2.2 222.2 9.2. 15 10 10 10.4 | 10.4 | 12.3 | 14 118 | 186 Newatorles 2... 28..6ce8 - 16 10.1 | 10 te eh 9.7 | 10.5 | 10.6 | 10.5 Newaderséy = 222+ See e- 52 9.7 | 10 9 1156.) #196 4,11 11.8 | 10.5 Pennsylvania .< 42: -4.2-.})'5.3 | 99.7 | 10.2.|-10.5,| 1 9.8 | 9.1] 11.7 | 10.2 WMoelaware 2.222 Ahe22 bee. 8a 10 10 11.5 | 12 14 13 12 12 Maryland-2.222 2:2: feoce. 10 955) 1 9.1.) 10S2) ON5-) AQ0L) |.4094 4 LOS AoE a Warginia,. 22153825. 523-5 31 10 10 13 YS. 4) |e 16 12, de | 43 North Carolina 2-t 22522 AG | 1OF}) 10 9 9 1153 } 1128.4 ets Beas South Carolina ........--- SESS es Mee (8 9.2 | 10 723. 98 6.4 Geéormias os. 2232225 iste-< = 2655 | 1052.) 955" |) 2876) 1s 10 9.5. OF 64 iGee Plonmda p28 32 2282 eee se WYS7 | Bho Te eee = 2) et 12.6 | 12.3 |- 10 10 Alabama: = 5 t422252-208 Hse LONS |) F6S WBF. |! TAN: | S275 73 8 Cee | Mississippi © «22-225 scoo.. 34.4 | 10.5 | 10 726 | (ASE | 10 1 9 3 Louisiane. cees2225 ee afeo | ONS |) 958) It SHSr) “Ss7aie 10 5.5 Texas secre sp Seen eee Axe) |) LONS! | POFS | 98h | Ol | 8 3.5>|) 8:8: 98h Arkansastet )22 28251 ae Sos | 1153) 1Os6 i} (9 Ra WS 8.4] 87] 94 ‘Pennessee = 5. Mote eee 30 1054 | (958° | 6 6.7 | °7.5 |. 5/6") G2qiGae West Virgmia.£.2..i2¢--) 14 10.3 | 10 13.6 | 15.1 | 1535: | 1529 \ORS ea Kentucky. .5-P 225. toeeee 10 10 10:4 | 1353 | 12.5 | 10/5.) 10,7.) 1 2 a0Ne Missouri. 22.) 5:2) eae 17 10 HONS | 1374 | 12 13 1o7 | 12 11.8 Mlimois: .62324.0 se 4.5 | 10.2 | 10 12,5 | 11 | 1.2 | 1451.) 1295 | ike Indiamas 22's). Sao see 7 10 9.6 | 14 12 12.4.) bhd-) 22. 65 9S Ohigpsose. .32 . 2 pee 4 10 10.3 | 18 16 25 23 20 16 Michrapmnisss of 22.828 EE 9 OF | 10; 2.) 1387-| 1256) |) 21 17 11 13 *Wisconsin............... 12 BG | 10.4 | 14/2) sau |. .- Sees ae 15 | 15.6 Mannesoriies 26-229. 2228 8 8227) 10.5)) 11 11.5 | 10 10 10 10 Jownmeemeres woes csseee 12 S56 | 10.5 | 13.5 | 1129} 16:9 |43 14 12.6 Kiarinnseeeeeencicite cc-ss 9 8 11.2 | 14.4 | 12.8); 9 1b | 14 Os Nebraskajseesceces ceo 8s 12 sy Aelpel Uk 14, 4) 2245), 97; 24 14 13 213 REMARKS IN EXPLANATION OF THE ABOVE TABLES. Wheat.—Rarely has a season been noted in which so few complaints have been uttered by farmers, and so much cheerfulness expressed, in view of the prospect for a wheat crop. Few of our correspondents make any mention of winter-killing, of insects, or of rust. In some parts of the south there has been some complaint of rust, but it has been mainly confined to the leaf, while the grain was so nearly ripe as to be little liable to attack. The harvest has been gathered in Georgia and the other Gulf States, with a very gratifying result. The acreage of winter wheat is as large in a majority of the States as last year, though it is less in a few of the principal wheat-growing States. Texas, Kansas, Ohio, Indiana, report a diminished acreage ; Virginia, Georgia, Arkan- sas, Tennessee, a largely increased breadth ; the New England States show a slight increase ; the middle States a similar advance, not exceeding six per cent.; the southern wheat-growing States an average increase of twenty per cent. In point of “condition,” the facts are still more encouraging. Ohio reports an average improvement upon last year of 160 per cent.; Indiana, 73 per cent.; IIli- nois, 15 per cent.; Michigan, 80 per cent.; Wisconsin, 22 per ceut.; Minneso- ta, 7 per cent.; Missouri, 39 per cent.; Kentucky, 53 per cent.; Virginia, 100 per cent.; North Carolina, 40 per cent.; Tennessee, 53 per cent.; and other States, with the exception only of Texas, making a favorable comparison with ‘last year. The acreage of spring wheat is largely increased ; in Ohio, 37 per cent.; in Indiana, 48 per cent.; in Illinois, 25 per cent.; in Minnesota, 35 per cent.; in Wisconsin, 15 per cent.; in Michigan, 16 per cent.; in Missouri, 31 per cent.; in Iowa, 28 per cent.; in Kansas, 30 per cent.; in Nebraska, 90 per cent. This increase of+ breadth, in the wheat-growing region, must tell very percepti- bly upon the aggregate yield, if no unusual casualty awaits the maturing crop. It is quite too early to estimate in bushels the final result of the harvest. If the conditions continue favorable, however, at least two hundred millions of bushels may be expected in all the States and Territories. Barley.—An average acreage of winter barley has been sown in a majority of the States. A decrease of five per cent. is estimated for New York; Ohio, eight per cent.; Indiana, three per cent.; an increase in Tennessee of ten per cent.; and in Arkansas of twenty-five. On the whole, there is a very slightly diminished breadth of winter barley, but the increase of the spring sowing will compensate for the deficiency. Clover.—The condition of clover is good throughout the country—unusually fine in Ohio and the middle and New England States; in Pennsylvania it is somewhat better than in New York, and in Maine and Massachusetts compara- tively more flourishing, as compared with last year, than in the remainder of New England. Oats —The acreage of oats is larger than usual; in the west Ohio is the only State which cannot show an increase. The crop is somewhat variable in condi- tion ; in the south, far above an average; in New York, ten per cent. below; in Pennsylvania, six per cent.; in Kentucky, fourteen per cent. In the west gen- erally the prospect is better than last year. : Wool.—lIn the principal wool-producing States, as will be seen, but a small quantity of wool is yet on hand. 214 EXTRACTS FROM CORRESPONDENCE. LOCUSTS. Wilkesboro’, N. C—While writing I may as well tell you something about the locusts—the mysterious war-winged insects visiting us once only in seven- teen years, and then coming by stealth in the night time, and often “ holding high carnival” for forty days, falling exhausted in the fields and roadways, to be consumed by the hogs, birds, and ants. These noisy little strangers have made their appearance in a wide belt of country a few miles northwest of this town, extending far northeast and southwest, embracing the Blue Ridge and running with it, and being from thirty-five to forty miles broad; the western limit being near the foot of the Stone mountain. The “oldest inhabitant” states that this identical belt of country was visited by them, as now, in 1850, and not since, and it is a subject of remark, and excites our wonder that the line as drawn then is identically the same now. Hogs were the first to herald the ap- proach of the millions, and they have been the gainers by the discovery, as the delicate, sweet, fleshy morsels have kept the swine greasy enough for pork the whole time since frost came out of the ground. Hogs feed upon them to ad- vantage till they crawl up a tree or fence, where they split on the back and come out flies, after which the exhausting, dying process renders them innutri- tive, and some say pernicious. They are now well established in their leafy home, and a more disorderly, noisy assembly never congregated. Hunters say that deer and other timid game avoid the locust belt when it is in eruption. I am informed that beyond this belt for a considerable distance locusts have never been seen. Is it because of the proximity and contact with limestone ? THE COTTON AND BOLL WORM. Parish of Jefferson, La.—Allow me to call your attention to the destruction of the cotton crop by the worms, which appear to increase yearly. In 1864 I planted about one hundred acres in cotton. In July the worms made their ap pearance. Having no experience in raising this crop, I searched in the agri- cultural reports for information. Mr. Glover recommended the burning of trap lanterns, and I made three of them with a coal-oil lamp and tin basin, with soapsuds underneath, and burned them every night. The first night I caught about seventy-five millers and innumerable other insects. ‘The number in- creased to three hundred millers, and then gradually diminished to none. For ‘three weeks after the crops of my neighbors were destroyed I found only a few of my plants attacked; about the last week of the three I caught no millers, but all at once the catch was seventy-five, next night one hundred and fifty, then three hundred, and even up to five hundred. The worm, however, grad- ually made its appearance more and more, until in the middle of August my cotton was stripped of every leaf and bloom. ‘lhe worm then turned in pupa. In ten days after this the miller again appeared. Meanwhile the cotton had sprouted again, and was in full bloom when the third brood made its appear- ance in immense numbers. In three days every leaf and young boll was eaten, and the worm was eating the bark of the plant and the glazed protection of the nearly-matured bolls. The heavy rains of September soaked into the bolls and rotted them. I made only three bales of cotton. In July the prospect was good for at least seventy-five bales. My opinion is that if every planter would commence burning a lantern in each five acres from tne latter part of June to the middle of September for a few years in succession both the boll and cot- ton worm would be destroyed. The boll worm destroys about one-half the crop with us. This year none of my neighbors raise cotton. I have planted about five acres, and shall burn one lamp and inform the department of the result. Cost of 215 lantern and basin about $1 50, and the oil will not cost over $1, so that if the increase is only ten pounds of cotton to the acre it will more than pay the extra expense. The first night I used the lantern on a barrel, but the insects were alive in the morning, and it was considerable trouble to kill them. Afterwards I used the soapsuds, as it killed all the insects at once. MILK SICKNESS IN CATTLE. New York City.—Investigation which I have recently made induces me to think that the cause of “ milk sickness” in cattle is not any one weed poisonous per se, but a chemical combination between the dew, the plant, and the atmos- phere, whereby a solution is found which is either per se a dilute hydrocyanic acid, or becomes such in the stomach of the animal. I have not now the op- portunity for practical investigation of the subject, but it occurred to me that the idea suggested might be worthy the attention of the department, and a fit subject for the observation of some of your western correspondents. A RAT HUNT, A correspondent writes us from Vermillion county, Illinois, “that the Farm- ers’ Club, of Elwood township, recently resolved upon a general rat hunt. The members were divided into two parties with captains, who also divided the ter- ritory of the county. At the termination of the hunt the number of tails counted reached 4,671, and the total number killed was 7,400. The participants with their wives—numbering in all about 200—took dinner at the expense of the party killing the smallest number.’’ The correspondent adds: “The damage that would have been done by these rats in one year, allowing an ear of corn per day to each rat, would amount to over $6,500 for corn alone; and it is rea- sonable to suppose that this sum would be doubled, were we to include all other damages. Dividing the amount among the persons taking part in the hunt, it would pay all their taxes and leave a surplus sufficient to repair district school- houses and furnish large bells for the same. Let other communities try a rat hunt, and they will have fine sport, sure remuneration, and unmolested sleep at night.” SORGHUM IN CONNECTICUT. Lyme, Coxn.—The amount of sorghum molasses manufactured in this part of New London county for the year 1866 is as follows: J. F. Laplace, Lyme, (oldest mill)............ w, . Saree eee. a a $277 65 Seven pons of hay. 2. 52 ARS. PE et ee 35 00 One hundred twenty-five bushels of oats.............--- 18 75 Sree rmines (ED CUSCS o> 2 vein ite rfelaein celine i ele El a an 2 20 00 Meee te op ae eh = of - o's sen eel cg 27.16 $379 16 Cr. nsty-ye Jamie Rape --..}-' 0. cinia- ap Sajraleln gees gate ta 70 00 Woe su0moundaat 48 cents: . 32. cine > o— 4? oe nt geo 192 00 IPCC ON ala Sie Bale ar cin a,c ann ange 5 ee ee etme e 3 00 Three'sheep consumed by family...:.-.... 22... 52. 12 00° Eighty sheep on hand at $3 50 per head..............-- 280 00 557 00 Meh promt Pe POMIE Be Sed Se 177 84 We prefer a good grade Merino to either Cotswold, Southdown, or Liecester. BEST MODES OF CULTURE. Oceana county, Michigan.—In looking over agricultural papers and reports I am sometimes surprised that a very natural and efficient mode of culture of some of our most common productions is not recommended. I have only a garden here, and the land is light-driftine sand, and not favorable to experi- menting, but in the southern part of our State I have marked the results of different modes of cultivation. To cut off the seed end of potatoes and plant the stem end is as natural as to serve corn so, and the result is very advania- geous; also with cucumbers, squashes, or anything from which we save the seed, the stem end is best. I find in planting peas, that by covering them six or eight inches deep they will continue to blossom and bear as long as we want green peas. In transplanting trees, setting them to the same point of the com- pass as occupied before removal makes a striking difference in the growth. So on through the whole course; to observe nature’s laws is a great advantage. POULTRY DISEASE. Washington, Iowa.—There is a disease prevalent here among our poultry which I have not seen noticed in any agricultural journals. It goes by the name of cholera in this vicinity. Often the first evidence we have of the existence of the disease is in finding chickens lying dead in the morning where they had fallen from their roost. My turkeys and chickens have just got through with it. I watched the symptoms closely. The eyes look dull and heavy, and the small feathers on the top of the head ruffle up and appear to stand on end. The sick huddle closely together. When the fever comes on they pant considerably and want water. Their dung is quite soft, and about two-thirds of it as white as chalk, the remainder being a bright green. They usually die in from twenty- four to forty-eight hours; sometimes they lose the power of moving when they live longer. I never knew one to recover. Geese,and turkeys have it as badly as chickens. When a flock is attacked about two-thirds usually die. The dis- ease started soon after the hog cholera prevailed here. If any of your readers can suggest a remedy we should be pleased to hear from them through the Monthly Report. Horses have also had a similar complaint, which has been 217 cured by giving them salt and water to drink. ¥ * * The fruit buds of the apple tree are covered with a very small green bug, having six legs and two antenne. CROP PROSPECTS IN GEORGIA. Homer, Georgia.—The prospects were never more flattering in this section for a bountiful yield of wheat and corn, though the rust has made its appearance in the wheat in some places. Don’t you think that it would be an advantage if our farmers would order their seed wheat from the north, say from the valley of Virginia, to sow next fall? I think so, from the fact that there has not been a change in seven or eight years; the same wheat has been sown every year, and rust and smut have appeared in it annually. Please give your opinion in the Monthly Report. [A change of seed would undoubtedly be beneficial; and as the wheat zone extends far north of Georgia, seed from a more northern locality, say Maryland or Virginia, would prove an advantage. Our correspondents uniformly report favorably of the Tappahannock wheat distributed from this office —Eps. | PEACHES IN DELAWARE AND MARYLAND. A letter from the venerable John Jones, of Middletown, Delaware, says: The season has now arrived when fair estimates may be made of the growing crops; and I am glad to inform you that the apple crop of Delaware, as well as peaches, wheat, oats, and hay, never looked more promising. I attended a ¢on- vention of peach growers of Delaware a few days since, at Dover, and from the best estimate that could be arrived at the peach crop of Delaware and the eastern shore of Maryland was placed at 3,000,000 baskets. CROP ITEMS. A correspondent writing from Greensboro, Georgia, says: ‘Some of our planters have been compelled to cut their wheat to feed their horses and mules, which I deeply regret, as we want all the cereals to feed our half-starved and suffering people.” Another correspondent, writing from Milledgeville, Georgia, writes that the corn crop of his locality is very unfavorable, the “bud worm” being unusually destructive to the young plant, it striking through the centre of the bud and destroying it. De Vail’s Bluff, Arkansas.—W heat, rye, and oats are nearly a total failure here, from the rust, caused by the excessive wet spring, much rain having fallen since January, and everything is very backward; and should it be followed by drought as usual, there will be great destitution. METEOROLOGY. APRIL AND MAY, 1867. Table showing the highest and lowest range of the thermometer, (with dates pre- jixed,) the mean temperature, and amount of rain, (in inches and tenths, ) for April and May, 1867, at the following named places. The daily observa- tions were made at 7 o'clock a. m. and at 2 and 9 p.m. [Compiled in the Department of Agriculture from the reports made by observers for the Smithsonian Institution. ] States and places. MAINE, Steuben Prospect Williamsburg West Waterville...) Gardiner Lisbon Webster Standish Rumford Point Cornish Cornishville tweens Averages NEW HAMPSHIRE, Portsmouth Stratford North Barnstead. .. Averages VERMONT. Lunenburg North Craftsbury -. Randolph Middlebury Brandon Barnet Se ees ee ee Date. ee ° 16 59 29 60 16, 26 52 20 67 16, 21 56 16,21} 58 Q1 62 16 65 15,20| 60 16,20,| 57 23, 26 Q5 63 20 59 15, 19,26} 64 15 65 15,16,| 60 26, 27 20 58 15, 26 60 26 67 15 65 APRIL, 1867. Min. |Mean 5 ee temp.} temp. —— ° ° 13 26 | 38.8 14 26 | 41.0 14 19 | 35.7 13 29 | 41.4 ts 28 | 41.0 24, 28 BP) | asa 13 27 | 39.9 14 28 | 41.5 12 21 | 39.8 14 24 | 40.4 13 27 | 40.5 Se noes acne 40.0 13 30 | 46.2 14 16 | 36.4 27 30 | 43.6 6 28 | 43.5 14] 24 | 43.4 42.6 13, 14 25 | 35.9 14 19 | 39.3 13, 14 28 | 41.5 13 28 | 43.2 40.0 May, 1867. Max. temp. Min. |Mean temp.| temp. Date. Date. Rain. Rees eee eee eee eg ee ed es eee ee es ey 219 Table showing the range of the thermometer, §c., for April and May—Cont’d. APRIL, 1867. May, 1867. States and places. ase Date. |fumn.| Date. | semp.ltemp.|2ain.| Date. [1° | Date, | Min. | Mean | Rain MASSACHUSETYIS, . ° o ° ‘In. ° ° ° In. Kingston .........- OH er ee 14 25 | 43.4 | 2.00 25] 68 4a) 330] 50) 7 le 4595 Topsheldsc.--2 =o. 15 66 | 137|) Sar eaorOn Salon 25, Gea 7s Si Sa | Sono er as 67 Lawrence -...----- 15 67 | 14 31 | 44.5 | 2.81 | 27, 28 71 3,4 34 | 50.4 | 3.46 Georgetown .....-.|..-.--..|------|-------- (ee sce |e alle eee 28 2 4 SO De: Go lerometat Newbury...---..-. 15,30} 68 | Tae 1272 4a on see 30| 74 Saw S3! Pani eens North Billerica -... 15| 69 TAG | SSOP cs eee lessee 25,30] 77 34a 32h (054, % |eaaeer West Newton -..... 15 76 29 A al yee leg bl |e 25 80] 3,4,5 38 | 55.4 |.-.--. New Bedford -...-- 21 65 | 13,28 | 33 | 45.7 | 3.48 2 73 3/4) || 387) 5355, || 3: 67 TY Sdceeeeee 21 66 13 | 32) 47.1] 3.04] 2829) 75 ASG: oo) rar O Worcester....-..-. 15| 69] 14,24! 30] 46.5 | 2.56 28 | 75 4} 36/543] 4.91 Mendon ........--. TS) (i S7l ||P a SRP ae) tars) (ose s OBR Par Shae aay 5d. Glee on Lunenburg .....--- 15h 6 14} 29 | 44.6 | 2.10 28) 76 4| 34] 53.3] 8.10 Ammahierstye: 02-6 I) eeoor | 14] 29 | 45.5 | 3.79 28 76 3| 36]541] 4.61 Richmond ......--- S| 64| 3,7,21,| 30] 44.6 | 7.59 28} 80 3| 28/544] 9.47 29 Williams College .. 15 | 68 |13,14,28] 32] 44.6 | 3.96 6} 68 Shieo2 i bleGniueosge PARVOTHOON: tee to ois oho es fo ce sees =| epee | Ase OU lsekKOD) frei amore ere ats Eula cdloouiba carts 53.6 | 5.17 RHODE ISLAND. | > oye ee Newport ...---.--- 19,26] 63 14| 30] 44.0 | 2.34 29; 8 3.4 | 35) 58.30 od: 29 CONNECTICUT. hdc Bi, er Pomfretis.----<---- , 15 | 67 14} 29 | 44.2 | 2,26 QB 74 SSR beste Meaney * Columbia...------- 8,13, | 64] 28,29] 32} 46:5 |...... 27} 80 SP Se PONE - L 155 Pi Middletown --..... s| 69 14] 33] 49.2] 2.44 28] 81 4| 36! 55.9} 4.53 Colebrook ..--..-.-.. 15 | 69 OB) eer (Pade) eee oa. 28] 76 Pl es my Ge el ees Grotonkseeea net Ie 3. CH 2 ce (ES a ee A I ae A eee eee ee Sa le orsal ase coo pieces Acvenapebemee soo 5. (e sack es Mines Lee SS WAP R On Ros aGiltaee. sac lteee ct lben aseccle sean 55.0] 4.80 NEW YORK. Moriches .---.----- 19| 70 | 12| 36] 50.9 | 1.33 29| 80 3| 37] 57.5 | 5.64 South Hartford .... 26| 67 14] 301] 47.7] 4.39 99) || 75 2 |) $38) 256) 7p seb Troy.--.------+--. Ta) es | 13) 988.145, 9) 1 3, 21 29] 73 3| 34|538] 5.74 Germantown .-.-.- 15 | 724 14,28] 34} 48.5] 6.90 29] 1 oP Saso. 71 8: 60 Garrison’s......... 15 71 28 33 | 48.0 | 3.14 29 81 3 34 | 55.6] 7.86 Throg’s Neck....-.- 13| 74 On pasaedove |... 29 | 82 3 S/Al ents eee Deaf & Dumb Ins’n 15| 68 3| 37 | 48.8 | 2.47 29) 79 Sy) ga |5208)|) 5:70 Columbia College. . TA et Q7 38 | 49.8 | 1.96 29 81 3 37 | 55.6 | 3.94 St. Xavier’s College 15 66 28 | 38 | 50.4 | 2.85 29 84 3 42 | 57.0 | 5.75 Flatbush ....-..-.-- 8] 65 9| . 33] 49.5 | 2.94 27 | #81 3] 35|-55.0] 4.02 * Newburgh........ 15 14 6 36 | 50.7 | 1.49 29 80 3 35 | 56.6] 95.57 Gouverneur -.-.--- 15 70 13 Q7 | 42.3 | 4.42 } a5 69 3 31 | 50.3} 6.92 North Hammond .- 15 68 6 24 | 41.3 | 5.60 25 72 3, 4 32 | 50.6 | 8.00 South Trenton .... 15: | 876 3| 26 | 40.3 | 6.09 29| 70 3) 28] 47.3 |. 7.62 Cazenovia......-.- 15} 72] 6,11] 28] 43.2] 5.09 28] 79 Opi Vas) |) 510) |aeemees Ofleida 272. 22e-ce 15 70 6 31 | 44.4 | 7.39 29 75 Ore 32 | 50.6 | 12.61 Houseville.-..----. 15 67 6,11 26 | 41.2 | 5.78 29 72 3 22 | 48.2) 6.82 Depauville.-...-.. 151 68 6] 28 | 421 | 3.95 21 68 3] 30/489} 5.90 220 Table showing the range of the thermometer, Sc., for April and May—Cont’d States and places. NEW YORK—Con’d. Geneya Rochester ..--..--- Rochester Univ’ty - Little Genesee Friendship Buia ses eee ee Averages NEW JERSEY. Paterson Newark New Brunswick - -- Trenton Burlington ..-...--. Moorestown Mount Holly Seaville Readington Haddonfield Greenwich Averages - .--- PENNSYLVANIA. IND CORB fear eee Fallsington......-- Philadelphia-.....-. Germantown Horsham. <=) 2.<-2 IDA 8 \ Pope eaece es: North Whitehall... Reading ephrata-...-..---- Silver Spring APRIL, 1867. May, 1867. Date. Max. Min. | Mean : temp. Date. temp.| temp. Rain. ° ° ° In. DB Me aaa e alaee cecal sk ete 4.36 69 28 29 |} 42.1 | 3.62 62 6 28) 4284 Weeeene 68 Q7 OB 447 alee a 72 28 29 46543) Sonne 73 28 26 | 44.4 | 3.91 73 wi 29 | 44.0 | 2.93 71 6 29 | 43.7 | 2.93 72 3 24 | 45.3 | 1.95 74 6 29 | 42.9°) 3.51 5 Seat romeo oan Sosa 45.6 | 3.84 75 12 sya 1h HIS) PON 7c} 74 28 33 | 50.6 | 2.58 78 3 36 | 49,4 | 1.99 74 3, 24 40 | 55.5 | 0.93 S23, G7, 40 | 53.0 | 1.85 24, 28, 29 81 28 af) dled | 1.41 MB) beeen 29) TOR ae ONE i he. . 4 Chicago 2... 25--- 3 74 22 30 | ATSo jose 28 80 7 32 1a. dae ee TEM). yal 2| 33] 46.4 | 1.7 98 | 73 26) 38 Golconda.......... 30 94 26 26 | 59.9 | 0.70 21 92 8 30 PAmrora 2s. c0c esac 18 67 5 29 45.3 2. 39 30 71 2 30 Sandwich ......... 19| 72|5,6,11] 30] 46.6} 2.45 30] 73 2| 29 Gilawal Jeo. 19] 78 5| 33] 506/172 28 | 80 3| 32 Winnebago......-. 19} 70 5] 28) 45.0] 1.43 30} 77 2,6] 32 Oh 12,29| 72| 2,6] 26] 484]...... ao) 27) 30 Hennepin ......... 18 | 76 | 6 | -'28.| 48,0)... 31] 75 3} 29 Magnolia ......---. 7| 80| 611] 28] 48.5] 2.00 30| 85 7| 28 Bianone ete) dec - 2: 18°] (¥%6 256 | 38 | SOR ae he ee ete Rochelle ........-. 18,19 | 72 |1,2,6,11 | 28 | 47.3 wes 28,30) 76 D7 134 Wyanet ......-... 13\ eat 1] 27] 47.8}2.00] 30,31] 74 42 Bl Tiskilwa i.-.---<-- 19| 74 AL Meee ses ies Bilal e753 tell BE Wimirape ses 3: 18 |) 7 5] 30| 49.5 | 2.27 Biers 6| 35 Peoria 3 >... = 18 73 2 30 | 51.1 | 1.57 31 75 Ts 3p Springfield ........ 19) mere 6] 28] 49.4)...... 12| 84 6.741 ast Hyeamit eso san <= 1g,19| 80 2] 32] 52.4 | 0.45 ey ze) 7| 34 Waterloo. ......-.. 19} 79 TD pe, stl ane 20,31) 78 8| 36 PP UOIS seme = Sa 21 79 6 25 | 48.8 | 1.15 30 | &8 8 22 Galesburg -........ 18 72 10 28 | 48.1) 1.16] 30,31 74 6 36 f{anchester-......- 2) 78 | 2 30.| 52.8 0. 47 30} 76 6 | 38 Mt. Sterling-..---.| 19/81 | 5| 33 | 53.2]... 31] 80° 6| 35 Andalusia -.-...--. 1g] 75 | dD} 2bR| A850) |e. - = 31] 78 7| . 33 Wapusta.......-. is| 74 | 2| 31 | 52.6 | 2.00 31| 72 6|- 37 Averages.....- |J--22--2-]=-==-- | Beets laell (da cere AQNG 4 G4 [ees pelea as aed seca] eee —— WISCONSIN. | Manitowoc ....--.. 25| 62 5| 27] 42.2/2.60/" 23] 62 2| 30 Plymouth ......... 14,16,17| 65 4,9] 28] 43.9 | 1.70 24} 69 2} 30 Milwaukee ........ 29] 65 | 5| 28 | 429/173 | 24| 70 3| 28 1 ak eM Be 12| 66 5| 31/4401/175] 24] 70 3) -s2 Geneva 2.-5522.2-]4055- el Perec: (Peer | Ream ecee 31] 70 | 2} 30 Delavan ..-0.2.523 19} 69] 27 | 44.2 | 1.09 31| 67] 2] 30 Waupacca........ 19} 69) Bl 9954) 45,3 |... | 30) 71 | 2} 30 Wossth-e eon 16,19} 68| 9,11] 18| 40.5137 26| 68 23) 26 Embarrass .......- 19 72 8 95 | 41.2 | 2.41 27 74 2 23 Rocky Run........ oer 5| 29 | 44.7 | 278 30| 70 2] | aE 721) re 18,19| 68 ieee | 465 |.--... 30|. 74 PB Wks? Baraboo ...... .... 16] 7 9} 26) 45.0 | 6.25 31) 74 12| 30 Mew Lisbon....... 19| 7 29] 95) 46.1).....- 1,31] 73 2 ue Bayficld..-........ 12,19| 64| 9,97] 926] 42.0]....-.|..-.-:-- ten id ee aa | ee Appleton.......... 13 | 67 27| 27 | 43.8 | 2.15 27 | 72 2| 28 AMETAP OS = =). vo [one coe eee eee 43.8 | S256 ee. 22) e eco eeee ee eee MINNESOTA. | Beaver Bay ....... 16} 62/2,5,10| 25| 38.2] 1.43 29} 67 1| 25 Afton! CE aE Ae. . iz{ 67 2} 19| 42.0]...... 30| 76 1| 2 BE Pauls sues: 17} 60 2] 17 | 40.2} 2.93 30| 76 6} 30 Minneapolis ....... 19| 64 2} Ql | 41.4 | 0.40 30 70 1] 3 .| temp. Rain. ° In. BLT [esas 51.4 | 4.22 67.5 | 6.00 46.6 |} 5.24 50.9} 7.58 52.8} 4.64 49.4 | 4,65 Ol. 1) eee 52. Ofaaeee 52.5 | 10.00 ol. 0) eee oe 52.0] 6.62 320 ieee =e 53.0} 6.41 50.2} 4.40 5o.\00) ese rs 56.5 | 5.40 60) a ecea 52.8 | 5.90 50.3 | 6.38 56.8 | 5.45 DBi60]Soee ae O19" seeees 57.5 | 4.99 33.8] 5.86 46.7 | 2.26 49.0} 3.10 46.6 | 4.39 4723 | 3:00 rR fel bere 48.2 | 3.60 504 eee 47.7 | 2.70 46.1] 1.38 43.3 | 3.94 49.6 | 3.84 49.7} 6.19 ple keee sa 48.5 | 2.20 48.2 | 3.56 44.9] 1.64 47.8 ees 49.7 | 4.45 48.5 | 3.63 225 Table showing the range of the thermometer, Sc., for April and May—Cont'd. APRIL, 1867. May, 1867. States and places. Max. Min. | Mean} ,.. Max Min. | Mean : Date. | temp.| Pate | temp. temp.| Rain.) Date temp.| Dat temp ene MINNESOTA— Continued. 2 ‘ t ie ¥ . - In. Sibleyes-sss4-e--=- 25 60 2 Ug WeeOM teil 23h fe k|) 2 ie oe oe elle ee New Ulm ......... 19, 28 64 2 13 | 44.4 | 1.73 30 78 1 29 | 52.0] 3.72 Red Wing.-------- 12 67 8 Fig 7/9) ONT 3 | | eee, 4 ee Tame (alee ol fd lee | ai JOST eB ESS Be Soe) BEN SSe CSenneee Seeioric APSO a pels Seah am arse shea a othe ccna hee oe 48.6 3.36 IOWA. ¥ | Ginitonesse asec. 0< 18 68 2 20 | 46.0° 30 78 6 34 | 52.4] 7.00 Davenport -------- 18 70 1,2 SOB MACON oe Ole fame ne bse eee Gs aces «fs oes llece one seems Dubuque.--------- 18 il vy 5 29 | 47.6 | 1.32 30 77 6 36) }) 52.0 | 3:10 ASAIN nis a a= o> = 18 73 5 29 | 46.0 | 2.83 31 78 6 33}, 51.0 | 5.33 Monticello......--. 16, 18,19} 70 1 30 | 46.8 | 1.25 30 73 6 35 | 52.9 | 4.67 Fort Madison....-- IS fe 75 2,6 27 | 48 6 | 3.25 3L 81 Gn 33 | 53.7.) 5.88 Guitenberg. -..----. 18 76 2 25) 4duaue <== = 30 80 7 OY | 48.4 eee Garekieees sss. .! TS) |S aren | eae 5M SOR AGN Tees 30} 78 2 / QB aL MMe eee Mount Vernon..-.. 18 75 2 20 Ab. Dies case 30 75 6 301) 505 Spee s ae Iowa Jity--..-....- 18,19 70 | 1,2,6 27 | 47. 0. 95 30 79 6 31 | 51.9 | 10. 60 Independence ..... 18°}, (76 1| 24} 44.1] 3.10 30] 79 2| 29/50.8| 6.20 WON alesis cesses 18 70 1 27 44.5) eee a5 30 78 6 34 | 51.0] 7.95 Waterloo.......... 18 70 Te eG ade | eee 30| 76 5i Serle aia Oueenee Iowa Falls ...----- 19 7/2. i relOy STs Bal 2514 17 64} 2,6,7 30 | 46.6) 7.64 Algpnieeseseest 3 19 | 61 Gu laerier|| Sha0n|ssane. 30) aay PAs) Wet al || oA isi st cee cates 28 62 9 1G eee 30 73 6 3 Olid pases. Fontanelle ..-.-- sei) eae 68 5 27 | 44.4 | 2.50 3 78 6 36 | 53.6 | 6.63 Harris Grove ..---- 12 | 67 9,11 23 | 43.4 | 1.60 a 80 6 29 | 52.0} 4.50 Fort Dodge......-. 12| 64 9} 22] 40.9 | 1.37 30] 75 6! si 156) 407 Macotah_. = <..<2--.- Q8 66 7 TV Sen 8) {Sas 5 30 78 2 307 O19 em = RUSTE TMG aoe ial Em See a ee eo eee Secor) Berane 30 Hit PRRC seer (seo Deve! [sense | —_——— VENA PO Se cae as Ie.sosemac| aeas|taaenecalheas ac 0 EMG Oe ee oe ey re ee ee o1.3 |} 6.13 MISSOURI. St. Louis Univer’y- 21 82 2,6 39 } 56.3 | 0.69 4 80 7 46 | 60.9) 5.95 Allenton. -2553= fd . ; 7 . bn he : i \ i‘ t j it “% ‘ ra é, ’ fs é + ¢ ) »* ba hs : } i) 4 »} , : is { | ‘ es ] ‘Ss - on le i. s ry urees ule Hic! ope \ ay Wet, i iy i” MONTHLY REPORT THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, iE OR Dis i ee se WASHINGT ON: MONTHLY REPORT. Wasuineton, D. C., July 30, 1867. Sir: I submit herewith for publication a report of returns to the Statistical Division, showing the condition of farm crops of the several States on the first of July, with various statistical data from foreign and domestic sources, as fol- lows: Wool prices in New York and Boston; imports of wool at New York ; exports of breadstuffs; revenues of Great Britain; the cotton caterpillar; cul- ture of flowers and manufacture of perfumery; Angora and Cashmere goats ; temperature of the soil; culture of sugar beets; farm products and domestic animals in Europe; mineral phosphate of lime; statistics of Bavaria; crops of Europe; and meteorological tables. J. R. DODGE, Statistician. Hon. J. W. STOKES, Acting Commissioner of Agriculture. CONDITION OF *ARM CROPS IN JULY. Never has the department been able to report sd favorable a prospect for uni- formly good crops since the establishment of the statistical division. While exaggerated statements have been made in influential papers, especially of the so-called failure of the wheat crop of last year, and the importation of wheat, in the face of the fact that twelve millions of dollars’ worth of breadstuffs were exported in the first four months of 1867, immense numbers of immigrants were fed, a much larger amount of wheat used for seed than usual, with a surplus still remaining over sufficient to break numerous speculators and several banks, it is gratifying to know that we shall have a surplus to more than make good the deficiency—not the “failure,” for there never was a failure of the wheat crop in this country—of the last three crops of wheat. Four States—West Virginia, Kentucky, Ohio, and Indiana—made but about half a crop. No other States were in that category, and Iowa, Missouri, and Kansas made a good crop. Instead of a deduction of fifty per cent., or ninety millions of bushels, which would at least have threatened a famine, scarcely more than a third of that deduction should be made. For three years past the product has been but about five bushels to each inhabitant. The crop of 1859, if the census returns are correct, was but five and a half bushels to each person. ‘The pro- mise for the present year is about six bushels. Wheat.—The statistical returns for July show an improvement in condition of winter wheat over last year, in every State but Texas, Nebraska, and Min- nesota, the diminution in the latter case being but 4 per cent. The highest im- provement is in Ohio, 160 per cent.; Georgia, 96; West Virginia, 78 ; 'Ten- nessee, 72; Indiana, 54; Kentucky, 53; Michigan, 35; Vermont, 25; New Jersey, 25; New York, 17, &c. Spring wheat was afar less variable product last year, and there is consequently less variation in the figures used in the pres- ent comparison. All the States, however, except Vermont, New York, and Pennsylvania, show an increase on last year. | 238 Corn.—The acreage in corn is unusually large, every State showing a ma- terial increase, except Maine, New Hampshire, New York, and South Carolina. In the southern States the increase ranges upwards to 102 per cent., as in Ar- kansas. The condition, as reported, is a little deficient in the northern and western States, on account of the lateness of the spring. With the continu- ance of the present weather there is ample opportunity to make up the entire deficiency, in which case the yield will be unprecedented. Rye—A glance at the tables will show the fine condition of this grain, and the remarkable uniformity of the improvement. ’ Barley—The condition of this grain promises an increase of from ten to twenty per cent., in Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Jersey, West Virginia, Kentucky, and Indiana, and 42 per cent. in Ohio. Most of the other States show some increase. Oats.—The condition of oats points to a full average in the West, particularly in Wisconsin and Minnesota, also in Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Jersey, and the South; slightly less than last year in Maine, Vermont, New York, and Kentucky. Pastures and hay.—These crops are almost universally large. from an average up to 15, 20, and even 30 per cent. above. Potatoes.—The report of acreage of potatoes indicates a larger area planted in every State, except Maine and New York. ‘The condition is also above an average with a few exceptions, among which are New York, Ohio, and Indiana. Fruits——Peaches are so exceptional in their successful seasons and localities that estimates for States can scareely be made with accuracy. New Jersey, as indicated by very general returns, shows 63 per cent. improvement over last year; Maryland 25; Delaware 150; Virginia 35; Michigan 127. In other States estimates are given upon whatever data was received, generally show- ing a considerable increase over last year. Apples are promising in portions of New England, the Alleghany region, and the West. Grapes are more uniform in averages of States, generally appearing unusually well. It has been a more successful year for strawberries than usual, as a study of the tables will show. Sorghum.—The sorghum crop is generally returned in comparatively poor condition, with lower figures than any other crop. Ohio and Indiana indicate a deficiency in acreage of 14 per cent., and in condition of 10 percent. All the principal sorghum-growing States show a similar state of facts. Tobacco is much like sorghum, manifesting a decline in acreage and gene- rally in condition. Cotton.—There is an increase of acreage in North Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, and Arkansas. Texas, 10.1; Mississippi, 9.4; Louisiana, 8.1. The average is about the same as last year. There is a slight difference, as reported, in favor of the present crop. The department estimates made last October, of 1,835,000 bales, proved to be singularly accurate for approximate calculations of so early a date, though they were severely criticised by northern and southern speculators, some of whom publicly acknowledged their error after the crop was sold. It is too early to predict the successful avoidance of all the numerous enemies of cotton. Had the last crop been a good one it would have yielded 2,500,000 bales; a very good one would have realized 3,000,000. Such results are possible this year. Wool—An examination of this item of the tables will show that losses of sheep, unthrifty condition, and a wet spring have had an influence both upon numbers and weight of fleece, and will lead to the conclusion that our wool clip of the present year is not materially larger than that of last year. 239 Table showing the condition of the crops on the first day of July, 1867: PAS- TURES. bd CORN. WHEAT. | RYE. BARLEY. OATS. es 2 48 (22 |22 |62 |23 | 28 | 23 | s 3 ag les | |$4 | 2a | 88 | 88 ae B | beled [ee [Ee |B 122 | EE | BE STATES. a | Oe i Seme Bs FS | "3 Bm Ba) ae |e Se hee |eeol eee tee es oe Sa. ia (eetoe 12m jee fee | ee oa | ae | ea amelie |ae |e. |eo \ee e | 83 | °Ss) "S818. (5, | 8h | 8h | 8g = | 28 | $86) Pe2| Pau | Bae | Pou) Fou) Se S 3 Sea) seg| Seo) seo! shel She] & 6 > SES |) SES) sem] Fem] pe Sh eSh| eH < < < < < cia ay ia a ae a Ze “8 “3 si | s4| 82] 32 | 82 | s2| 82] s2 | £2] 22 ea | £3 = | 22 Sole =s| 22 | 38] gs Se| Ge | 8 | SE | Seelese | 22 | Se | eee oe) 22 | 2 | 2s |e qpaes | 83 |] ee pales | | 22 Se ieee. | 22 | ae 5 5 @ 5 S 3 s 5 5 5 ee ied | eee | od eee ee ee) gl Mame -e-1 14,7 | 12.5 || 9,91) 953°) 10” 1102 ap 2 a0 9.6)] ie New Hampshire..-.| 12.3 | 12 10.6 | 10 BO Br ALO al eeteemern eese ee 9.6.0) iss Wermont.<<--. -24. J0.4 | 10.5 | 10 9.5 | 10 Ole eee peer 12/4) eee Massachusetts... .-. boson ellen jl 10 10.3 | 10.3) 10 10.34) Sas Rhode Island .--.-. ease) Osan 10.5 | 10 10" [kote celeste nee Lt a ae Connecticut. ...--. 1A SLOSS) OSS) eL0 9.6 | 956 | 953.) TOs07 RSiSaG INeweNintk=. == so 2se1 Ml A} oD 8.6 | 9 GAN) OF Vea) 9 9.8 9.5 New Jersey.------- 12 12 LOSS e LOS Tia tO 10 WAN Bie aie 16.3 Pennsvlvania ....-. LORS HOM ON al aOnS LO 9.8] 9 9, 2.-| OR2 a erates Welaware j32se- ct =< 1255 Wd 2ron| ON See 10 10 9 8.55) LOasees Maryland. -.---2.22 12.4 | 11 10.5 | 10 10 Sa Gy 1) 9 12.5 Winona seen eee (bl. 8) ipl 10.4 | 10.3 | 10 9.5 | (6:5 856.) Tanz aeanes North Carolina. ..-. 12 LOSE ONS: 1 10 10.2) 10.2) 727 |) 828 >) TOSS iors South Carolina. .--- 10 lees e5- 10 10 LONG W10F3 |) 16,6.) 1054 6.4 12.5 Ger pis ios ee snaere 14 12 SS IPRA TBS sy || BRGY | ve) 10.8: } 7a" eno IB OT alee e esincise nl tame Fe le m2 tee yh sy | ila |) 10 3 5°) ileeegee 9.5 JIG LONG oe: eee il LOSS UAT A OND HO ae V7 ena ole ela ener 6 Mississippi---...--- 11 Il LOZ ue LOT NOS 2 Gee 5.6 1 NNGHISTAN Bem ae es os ci Se el emicsimne TOUS PROS Ahmet Ne cisee 16 10 5.3 rey Mexasiee see sesae. 10 10 USGL |) LOSS LOR) IBS | Olea aes 4,2 Arkansas: sess sss 9.6 | 9.6 | 16 10 ils Oe tis 11.64) 1658 5 Tennessee ..-.----. 11 LO ON | sOR8 1 1053) |) 1052 539 SA9R is 6 West Virginia-..-.- 10,4 7)11.9) |) 1294 10.8 | 10.1 | 10.2) LO.2 |) Sid Ges Sano as Aten @ key Sey LOSS LOSS Ona LO 10.1]. 10.1) 9.3 | 952 |) 14585) eas MISSOUT Sa- ce ewee me 19555) 1906 | 9) 11.4 |) 10.3. || 10:2.) 19:9) |) 958") TAGE ieee Mlinoisise 242 ees ees 11 1] 1051, | 9.2.) 10:1-) 09.5 198.2%, -9.'3>| LOSaa eeiGae: Teidiuna .°. 2-22.68 11 |1n5 1/100) 9.5) 9.8)°9.8] 86) 9 | WasSeeane Oates aera LOS eos al 9078) OL7 Sara RISE Gen 9 10.5 | 26.2 Wiiehioan: 222.222. 12 LOS UE LOL 25) LOSS MOn2 tS. 7 WO eee 22.7 Wisconsin.......-. Le ROR Oe 955) | | OSOMMORoin TS 9.51 15525 eke Minnesota..-..-.... 1127 | 123857 |) 10.6 |) 113s Old 9. 25)" Sis ao svatiaemee Nowaerete -f-\| so aon eee Kentneky s. 2 2) 4. ss- 10.7 12 Bsr | ss ccse 9 9. 4 |e ee ee Missauneeset2u2 6: 10.8 Iie 9 10.1 | 10 Do he aoe oe eee Minoiszs23 J252 426 11 too 8.8 9.) | 7.,32 ) SS6E |B aes eee Indianayy. 325 .s-45- 13.3 Te 9 es Ol ee ee eee ion oe = Ohio's 4242 5,42-25- 12.8 132569 9.5) |i o25 22-4553 | eos leeeeee Michigan .....-.--- dh. pape Seay he 957 | sect ey eer Baers Wisconsin....----- 11.3 WSawieseG |) 9.4, \-2256-}2 Aa en| EAs ee ea: Minnesota -...-.--- 10.2 13.4 | 10 Od | aeeale Oe aoe! Be Bows 22 5'f023-505 11 13 9 8,8 |/JSrele he Kansases se'- 2-2 =4-[| teas 1ORTeTOGSs| 99) | Seat Seip esol3. | 2... 2 Nebraska-e!e-- 2. - 12.3 TAS Satelit |" 9.6) |s 2S Lic ee eee WOOL, compared with last Total quantity of wool sheared this spring, year. — a at o- — Ot = . BooMoMOM OS WD WwW Oe Ww WW ow m= wont © = @ @ wo 242 EXTRACTS FROM CORRESPONDENCE. UTAH COTTON. The Secretary of the Southern Utah Agricultural Society sends to the de- partment a sample of cotton of fair quality grown in Washington county, in that Territory, and says: “The first cotton grown in this section was from the ‘ Tennessee green’ seed, which at first was very short in staple, but has steadily increased up to the pres- ent time, so that it now may be fairly stated that our cotton will favorably com- pare with any of the general crops raised in the best cotton-growing States. This improvement we believe is owing to the introduction of the ‘ Sea Island,’ ‘Petty Gulf’ and ‘North Carolina Green Seed,’ by favor of your department. We found that by preserving the identity of the three last named kinds, our season was a little too short for their successful cultivation ; but by ceasing to preserve that identity we now have a very good staple for all ordinary purposes; and so far as yield is concerned it is good for this country, where all crops must be irrigated. As high as 600 pounds of cotton lint, with good staple, has been raised on three-fourths of an acre, carefully measured, and no part of the growth of stalks exceeded four feet in height.” The same correspondent writes : “T believe that a good variety of fall wheat would be a blessing to this country. We find that by sowing our spring wheat (Taos White) in Septem- ber, we have. harvested 714 bushels per acre, while the same kind of seed and soil, by putting in early in the spring, yields but from 22 to 25 bushels, and then the grain is not as plump as that raised from early fall sowing.” INCOME OF DAIRYING. Medina county, Ohio.— Sheep are decreasing and cows increasing in this county. Almost every township has one or more cheese factories, and farmers generally carry their milk to them. Factory cheese is much sought after. Carry a cheese to the Cleveland market, and the first inquiry is, “Is it factory- made?” “No.” “Then we don’t want it.” Thus we farmers are compelled to patronize these new institutions, which are working a great change in ‘“ Cheese- dom,” as our section of Ohio is called. COTTON CULTURE IN NORTH CAROLINA. Bertie county, N. C.—Our principal crop for market has been, and ‘still is, cotton. We find it very profitable, and it is the most certain crop that we plant. The casualties which often prove disastrous to the crop at the south never hap- pen to us. We are never seriously injured by the army worm, (which was never seen here,) the boll worm, the chinch bug, nor caterpillar. The rust and blight have sometimes, in the recollection of our farmers, injured the crop somewhat, but seldom more than two per cent., and it really amounts to nothing. Dry weather in the summer benefits the crop. By a little manuring we easily raise from one thousand to twelve hundred pounds of seed cotton per acre, and we can raise two thousand pounds. Upon comparing my own operations with those of persons whom I have met from the southern States—Tennessee, Mis- sissippi, Louisiana, and Alabama—I have long been satisfied that it is more profitable to cultivate cotton in this section than upon their best lands, taking five years together—the losses from casualties to their crops more than balane- ing their superior yield in favorable seasons and our expenses for fertilizers. SILK CULTURE IN CALIFORNIA. A California correspondent (Mr. L. Prevost) writes encouraging accounts of the progress of silk culture in that State. He states that while not more than 243 twenty persons were engaged in the business last year, more than five hundred have commenced operations the present season, and expresses the opinion that there will be ten times the number next year. He writes: “ My worms are doing finely this year. In about two weeks they will begin to make their cocoons. his year again, I have not seen one sick worm—a confirmation of my opinion that the disease is not in the worm, but in the food. My observa- tions here have convinced me of that fact. It is well known that where the mulberry tree is growing in the shade the leaves absorb the oxygen of the at- mosphere, and this is what creates disease in other countries. Here, at the time of feeding, we have constant sunshine from morning till night, and consequently our leaves are always in good condition for the worms. ‘This is the secret of the superiority of California over other countries for the culture of silk, * . * Immense quantities of silk may be produced in this State; we have mil- lions of acres of the best mulberry soil, and the climate is the best in the world for the worms.” THE BOUGHTON WHEAT. Duplin county, N. C—Last fall I received from the department a small bag of ‘Tappahannock or early Boughton wheat. This wheat (about one quart) I sowed in drills, eighteen inches apart, on the 15th of October. The land was a stiff, sandy loam, as fertile as land can well be made here. Immediately after the wheat came up the grasshoppers destroyed about one-fourth of it. In Feb-- ruary I gave the wheat a top dressing of guano and phosphate of lime, mixed at the rate of two hundred pounds to the acre. In April the rabbits destroyed nearly one-fourth of the remainder. The wheat headed out the last week in April, and in May took the rust on the blades, injuring it to some extent. On the 10th of June I harvested the crop, obtaining a yield of three bushels and one peck of wheat from the one quart of seed—one hundred and twenty fold— an enormous yield for this section. The wheat grew, on an average, five feet in height, and ripened ten days earlier than our fall wheat. J think in an earlier spring it would ripen twenty days in advance of our common wheat, and ordinarily it would ripen early enough to escape the red rust, which is the great- est drawback we have to contend with in wheat-raising. Smith county, Tenn —I received from the department last fall two pounds of early Boughton or ‘Tappahannock wheat, which was sowed on the 27th day of September, on one twenty-fourth part of an acre. It was cut on the 12th of June and threshed out eighty pounds of very fine wheat. Just as it was ripen- ing the guinea chickens destroyed at least ten pounds of it. After all the loss, it will be seen that I saved at the rate of forty bushels to the bushel sowed, or thirty-five and a half bushels to the acre—more than double the best yield of ordinary wheat in this section. I shall sow the product this fall and test it on a larger scale. Another correspondent, writing from De Kalb county, Alabama, received a similar package of the same wheat. He sowed it on land much worn, with a soil about three inches dark loam, and stiff clay sub-soil, which had been culti- vated in corn the preceding year, ‘Che wheat was sowed on a square of twenty feet, fertilized with four loads of stable manure ploughed under. Harvested on the 18th of June, and on the 3d of July threshed out two and a half bushels (weighing one hundred and fifty-seven pounds) of the finest wheat ever seen in this neighborhood. I shall sow the whole in the fall, and if it yields half as well another year it will be a great addition to our crops. HYBRIDIZING GRAPES Chester county, S. C—I have been for some years engaged in hybridizing the grape, and after many trials have succeeded in producing a hybrid Scupper- 244 nong grape-vine, which has fruited this season. It was produced by impreg- nating the white Frontignac with the Scuppernong. I have growing several seedlings produced by impregnating Herbemont with the staminate hybrid Scuppernong above referred to, one of which I expect will bear next summer. . I have often made grape seedlings bear in one year from the seed by inarching on strong shoots of old vines, when the seedlings were only a few inches high. I expect to publish, in the course of the summer, the progress of my experi- ments. In hybridizing native and foreign, I have more hope from the Scupper- nong than any other species. I have fruited a hybrid produced by impregnating the Clinton with foreign, which is equal in size to the Black Hamburg, and pronounced by Parsons & Co., (to whom I sent a bunch last summer,) “su- perior to Black Hamburg in flavor and its equal in texture.” The Clinton hybrids are free from mildew. I have never been able to fertilize the Scupper- nong with any other species, but have produced hybrids by fertilizing foreign with Scuppernong; but out of six vines of bearing size that have bloomed not one has borne fruit, being defective in their reproductive organs, although re- markably healthy vines. Some were hermaphrodites, but their stamens pro- duced no pollen; others were males (staminate) and their stamens produced perfect pollen, with which I have impregnated both native and foreign, and hy- brids of native and foreign. I now have a most interesting strain of Scupper- nong hybrids coming on, and this spring attempted to impregnate Scuppernong with my staminate hybrid Scuppernong, with the hope of producing a valuable strain in that direction. A correspondent, writing from Butler county, Missouri, sends us the follow- ing as a preventive of blight on grapes: ‘“ Saturate the leaves with air-slacked lime when the dew is on them, and if washed off by the rain renew the applica- tion. This preventive has never failed with me, and I now have fine grapes on vines from which all the fruit dropped before I tried the lime.” THE POTATO BUG. De Kalb county, Ill.—The potato bug is making fearful ravages with the potato crop here. It is the same bug that came over the plains from the vicinity of the Rocky mountains, and is “ marching along,” carrying destruction in its train. We know of no remedy here other than “eternal vigilance.”” We whip them off from the vines, also pick them, and use quicklime; but to the lime they pay no regard. Probably the best method is picking and burning. Ma- chines have been invented further west, where the crop was destroyed last year, which collects them in a box, and then they are burned. Putnam county, Ili —The potato bug is doing great damage in this county. Probably one-third of the vines are now destroyed, and the bugs are still in- creasing in numbers. CHANGE OF COTTON SEEDS. A correspondent, writing from Henderson county, Texas, says: ‘‘I know from experience that a change of cotton seed, much more than climate, affects the quality and quantity of the crop produced. Let any one who cultivates sandy land, where the cotton stalks grow tall, (and it grows as the timber grows,) exchange cotton seed every two or three years with his neighbor who cultivates stiff, lmy land, where the cotton spreads and the joints are short, and both parties will be convinced of the advantage. A stranger, the first year, could point out the row where the exchanged seeds begin. ‘The same is equally true of corn, wheat, rye, and barley.” GRASSHOPPERS IN NEBRASKA. Nebraska City, Neb—The season has been cold and backward, yet favorable for small grains, until the grasshoppers—or, as some call them, the red-legged 245 locusts—hatched and commenced depredations upon our wheat, which has suf- fered tremendously. Many fields will not be worth cutting. Some fields of corn are badly thinned, and we fear that when the wheat has matured they will attack the corn with renewed vigor. Potatoes in some places are completely stripped, and our gardens are eaten through and through. Our correspondent from Richardson county, Nebraska, writes that the grass- hoppers have destroyed nearly all the crop in that county, and are still at work. Another correspondent, writing from Douglass county, Kansas, says the grass- hoppers or locusts have been doing much damage in that vicinity to all kinds of vegetation. DISEASE AMONG CATTLE. Washington county, Nebraska—A disease has prevailed in this county among cattle, called the “black leg.” Those attacked are invariably very early calves in the fall or common spring calves, at or near a year old, and always those in best condition and most promising in the lot. The first intimation of the disease is a slight lameness in one leg, and in about twenty-four hours the ealf is dead, without any disfiguration or coloring until after death, when the leg turns black and appears in a high state of putrifaction. Nothing has yet, to my knowledge, been found to arrest or in the least to alleviate the disorder. A preventive has been said to exist in simply giving to the herd of calves during the fall and spring a mixture of salt and sulphur regularly. The disease is fast disappearing, but in former years nearly one-fifth of all the calves died of ‘black leg.” VERMONT RAMS WANTED. Randolph county, North Carolina—We have no sheep in this part of the country but natives. ‘The cost of keeping per head forty cents; yield of wool one and one-half pounds per head. Sheep are more numerous here now than before the war. O that some one of those rich gentlemen of Vermont that have so many of those wonderful Merinos would be pleased to donate a ram to some one or more persons here in order to improve our native breed. By so doing his name would ever be held in grateful remembrance by the people. COST OF KEEPING SHEEP IN THE SOUTH. Union county, South Carolina—lt costs very little to keep the sheep we have here. I will state some facts in regard to my own little flock. I wintered twenty-two. These sheltered only on two occasions; once for a week or ten days in January, when snow was on the ground, and once during a cold rain. I fed them about two months. The cost was as follows: Twelve bushels cotton seed at forty cents=...-.--....sessaneedad - $4 80 Ral erone: Gemma Clo. vote ee ae LL 2 JUL ee 1 50 > Pre COAG UN Sere! 02 oes. one eae ee «' 6 30 Cost for each sheep, 284 cents. ; From these sheep I have sixteen lambs. The wool will be worth from $20 to $25, and the increase, sixteen lambs, worth $2 each by fall, $32—giving me over $40 clear. But sheep-raising receives little attention in a cotton country. I raise them only for the mutton. When dogs do not interfere with us, our mutton does not cost more than one cent per pound. Lavaca county, Texas.— Winter quarters” are, in a manner, unknown here. The sheep grazing on the prairies, when the range has been good all winter, owing to very mild weather, with the exception of a few cold days, are in very 246 ’ good condition. There is no difference in cost of keeping the different breeds. Herding is generally done by small boys, at very little expense. ‘The flocksin this county are mostly a mixture of the Mexican and Merino sheep; but little atten- tion is being paid to this branch of industry. DOG DEPREDATIONS. De Kalb county, Alabama.—* We have a fine county for sheep-raising, if there could be any protection from dogs. I have known all the sheep in the neighborhood killed in a few days, or nights, rather, by those pests.” Newton county, Georgia——Cotswold and South Down sheep are favorites here. With proper care and security against dogs, no State is better adapted to sheep husbandry than this. Wilkes county, Georgia—We raise but few sheep. Dogs prevent this be- ing a sheep-raising county. WOOL PRICES. The price current of wool at Boston, July 12, 1867, was as follows : Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Virginia coarse, (common, one-quarter blood,) 45 to 50 cents; medium, (one-half blood,) 50 to 54 cents; fine, (three-quarters to seven-eighths blood,) 54 to 57 cents ; extra, (full blood,) 57 to 60 cents ; double extra, 60 to 63 cents; XXX, 63 to 68 cents. Indiana coarse, 45 to 48 cents; medium, 48 to 51 cents; fine, 51 to 55 cents. Michigan ~ aguas s sac els oe le pO COATSCL. i. 1c MP 548 54a sale ielabeis teis es strc eee eae 28 to 30 Cordovay washed. tise cao Suc heehee me Beech oe ss cee 28 to 40 Mosadore, unwashed: af |p os a ° Sie leh: ° fis = ean cs cs) ae | A | Halle @ m1 | | | Austria .........| 1,866 | 2,372 | 552 | 1,644 | 7,332 11,815 | 4,398 | 39,766 | 642 | 1,152 | 3,006 | 1, 500 PRRiae eet te =e Pav6 (4) Si8 |< --4- |ectemer | 6, 582 | 1,140 | 10,998 | 60,522 | 576 | 1,098 | 6,114 968 SexcON Vee ae asia 2,148 | 4,088 }--=.-|-----.- 7,410 | 1,890 | 13, 824 |116, 748 | 276 | 1,176 | 1,368 696 Wurtemberg ....| 3,816 | 1,002 | 324 |......- | 7’ 198 | 3'036 | 10,932 | 83; 604 | 336 | 1,626 [2382 | 756 WTANCO S525 | 6, 084 | 1,566 |c528 | 606 | 11,892 | 1,122 | 3,498 | 50,472 | 480 772 | 5,580 882 Belgium......... | 3,372 | 2,892 | 462 |......- 8,526 | ‘834 | 13,920 | 63,138 | 366| 876| 774 | 606 Holland)... 2c2en 1240500) 2) 246) |= <= asacoe= 3,624 | 954 | 11,142 | 35,304 | 444 | 1, 704 | 1,566 492 Anelande = eee ses 1-828 | PAN alte Vase cre = | 3,734 | 774 | 11,514 | 79, 026 | 630 | 1, 782 | 3, 600 | 1, 200 AV ALIA = 3 = cots | 2,778 | 4, 128 | saK5- jbssdo5- 8, 298 | 2,958 | 10, 936 | 51, 348 486 | 1,956 | 2,634 | 1,188 | MINERAL PHOSPHATE OF LIME. The use of apatite, or mineral phosphate of lime, as a fertilizer, is at present attracting considerable attention in Europe, and from recent experiments made, in comparison with other fertilizing substances, this mineral promises to take high rank among fertilizers. The native phosphate of lime, or apatite, is a hard and often well-crystallized mineral, chiefly composed of phosphoric acid and lime, and, as stated by Professor Johnson, is found in Devonshire and Cornwall, England, and also in Scotland, but as yet not in sufficient quantity to allow of its being collected for economical purposes. On the continent it is found in seve- ral places, as in the Tyrol, Bohemia, Bavaria, Sweden, and Norway. Most commonly it occurs in thin seams, imbedded in crystalline or volcanic rocks, but seldom in sufficient quantity to repay the cost of working. In America it is found imbedded in granite at Baltimore, in gneiss at Germantown, and in granite in Connecticut, New Hampshire, and Maine, and also in Canada and various other localities. Mineralogists distinguish several varieties of apatite, but gen- erally speaking it has a light green or a reddish color. The beds found in Can- ada are said to be extensive and the mineral is equal if not superior to that found in Europe. An analysis of the Canada apatite gives the following resuit : Phosphate of lime...... Bye ns ee Steed ce pebees Si aaeeeeee oe Olean Fluoride eticalciumn:. . 5.26 Bem SE LSB eh: eee state eee 7 60 Chlondeot calcium -..—.'.-- Smears s- 2. « See RRA Bet gt eee 078 Insoluble... ... yo ot es... | eee ee ea 0.90 100.45 This mineral is found in extensive beds and deep veins on the borders of the Rideau river and accessible to river craft. It will, doubtless, be found in 257 many places in the United States also, where its presence has not yet been dis- covered. ; Guano is limited in supply, and moreover the opinion is gaining ground in Europe that it is exhaustive to the soil, whereas apatite is enriching and sus- taining.- A number of experiments have recently been made with this fertilizer in England, with most satisfactory results. One of these trials was made by Sir Harry Verney. The soil on which he applied the phosphate was a heavy sandy loam, resting on a clayey subsoil. The ground was sown with chevalier barley with the following result : Manure per acre. Produce. Tons. Cwts. Tes. Bushels. Set PAHs ana om ~ 61a) =) = oa) nb falta ey Sin — -— — 325 a eMMEM FOAM eteyei so. spAy cl <)a/a 2-0) ajay mc atacte mye old 0 18 0 434 PR WOES) so ce cee wae eisdacsens 1 ii 0 40 OS SS ieee 0 18 0 61 Spanish phosphorite and sulphuric acid...... 0 18 0 514 Soanieh phosphate alone...:..2.-.--...2--. 6 18 0 433 puppaphospuvte of lime... i. 222-5 6s. a 1 5) 3 462 Perley ATG GUNS. 5 nies sie mn cosine mas aicie 20 0 0 66 Another experiment upon the growth of turnips, was made by Dr. Daubeny, of England, with the following result : Roots, lbs. Tops, lbs. Soil mmpleproduced (per acre ~ -/.4o:4iera is aise. + a ueielss 14, 298 30, 591 Manured with 10 ewt. bone shavings............---- 19, 239 35,210 Spanish phosphorate alone 12 cwt.........-...+---.- 28, 639 42,016 Spanish phosphorate 12 cwt. mixed sulphuric acid .... 30, 869 34, 476 South American guano, 260 lbs........--.---- gia ae 31,114 47, 060 Boues with sulphurwe-acid, Ml ¢wh: .....- 0.25.3 220533 31, 898 17, 600 oves timely powdered: 12ewt! cee 36, 185 45, 446 Dae GIS 2 EON i pepe nas Rim, a, ain iin asi) nine, 3h oe 90) 476 49, 921 These trials entirely accord with the experience of others on the native phos- phate of lime, and show that, while in every instance a considerable increase of crop was obtained by the addition of certain fertilizers, the Spanish phosphate, especially when its action was quickened by the addition of sulphuric acid, proved nearly as efficacious as bones themselves, unless, indeed, when the latter was very finely powdered. STATISTICS OF BAVARIA. From figures published by Dr. F. B. W. von Hermann, of the Royal Bureau of Statistics, we gather the average yield of breadstuffs and hay per acre in the several provinces of the kingdom of Bavaria. CEREALS. HAY. Provinces. a Highest. | Lowest. | Highest. | Lowest. Bushels. | Bushels. Cut. Cut. Upper Bavaria. 52. «tseses 2 = oan peracre..| 25.82 5. 70 34.8 1.9 ThoWeM Bavaria. «= sass eee Sei i 29. 68 7.00 37.3 hee Pfalz o-,- ses Toes Ce ees ote CSeeeei 29,24 5. 60 59,2 4,5 Upper Piale .csn 4 sa pieieene soe. pet). 30.08 5. 80 44.3 3.7 Wpper Hranconia.. jcceoese cesses eee) 19.88 5. 88 48.5 4,8 Middle Rranconla -s2-cesee sess Ses 26. 60 5. 68 42.5 5.3 (Lower Hrancomia. .2c-e eee sees Lael RE By 29. 63 4, 24 55.2 2.0 Swabida. acs see viemaeeecee aoe SP. So! 1S 7.07 43,5 2.5 258 The following table gives the total yield in bushels for the years named : Years. Wheat. Rye. Spelts. Barley. ISIO ceeees cence ss 1,008,000 | 2, 462, 000 576, 000 1, 026, 000 rej ee ee ee 978,000 | 2,498,000 | 420,000 | 1,080,900 $esebeek eel oe oe ce 1, 356,000 | 2,124,000} 492,000 | 1,083, 000 122 Jed he ee 1, 296,000 | 2,100,009 | 534, 000 894, 000 PLEC 0 eG 1, 272,000 | 2,118,000 | 540,000 870, 000 jl 54S has eee eae 1,446,000 | 1,956, 000 528, 000 1, 038, 000 Oats. 1, 134, 000 1, 224, 000 990, 000 1, 176, 000 1, 200, 000 1, 032, 000 Table showing the relative amounts of tillage and meadow lands in the seve- ral provinces : Acres. Wpper Bavaria... .° -Ss4s. 55th ecces steep ee es sven cee sees 1, 362, 400 Mowers BAVAMA Ms scl. coe: tee cele oe eee son eee eee 978, 400 ialzdee econo eie eee ee ccc a eee oceeseeeee ee steseececeeteeee 624, 800 WDD BEARS aiGeesSolseso ase ono escrs> coScto nbSScuDaSSop Beas. 980, 000 Wipper Franconia .- << 2 os2s. See iecasteeccinss posses ooostioces 710, 000 MirddlesPranconigen: 2 -c. -ssctsacemes comes cee cee. wen aimee Senee 831, 600 Hower Pranconia*: 52-2... ees cee chee eee eee eee eee A pe =e 940, 000 WADI saccce cect ecswcemesccee Gocecrcc coset Comes ooo Sasa 791, 400 Acres. "865, 400 444, 800 118, 000 292, 000 246, 400 213, 600 196, G00 521, 600 The average size of farms is now estimated at about thirty acres, of which over eleven acres, on an average, is woodland. The following gives the rates of wages paid to laborers and servants, in- cluding the value of board, &c.: n na yb 2B = E a eee es 25 B Sas 3 oS a = oo 5 cZ Estaied So RA Provinces. se ae rR ° see o= n 2 2s oe as ee ee 2 5 Re] 2 A ice, = HY | Wippemibanatiae esse oe te os ncerecs meee eases $0 37 | $0 27 $81 $61 TOWED Bavangee< 22 cece oon ae Cotee oe Cee e eee = since 28 19 7 57 Pfalz secant eee Secon ee ee eee ae Be Ce role = 23 18 69 50 iippenitalze--eee eee eee eee eee eee a 19 16 61 49 Wipper Eranconials--2-—-— ee eee ee ee eee eee soc 20 16 62 51 MiddletMranconia.ccesenc cows eae ae eee eiee ee oa\<< 21 17 70 56 WOWer PTANCONIG =.= a ak Sees Soe Soe woe ete Secice ae 23 18 64 “BS SIS Diet ok Lt ee Seer eee meee BS TO hich SOI 26 21 75 56 It may be remarked that for the last ten years wages have increased from 20 to 40 per cent., especially in regions of commerce and manufactories. 259 #03 | 000 ‘STL ‘19 03°64 | 000 ‘896 ‘08 99 GOL | 000 ‘FRG ‘GF GL‘96L | 000 ‘PSO ‘GL 96 °LL 000 ‘PPL ‘9ST BS GIT | 000 ‘9GE ‘8 988 | 000 ‘946 ‘Ee 9 'P9 000 ‘908 ‘PIS “35 =>5= "| (OO0s0Ce SOL ig g Fs speysng, @ *S00}T]OT 86 “16 9€ “6G 8L "PE 0€ “LG 06 ‘0G 09 “08 PL 6E 9L “1G OF “€% *o10B Jad 000 ‘P29 FS | G6°GT | 000‘BL9‘9T |---"*"7° 000 ‘PRI ‘LS 63°46 | 000 ‘06 ‘S “Ripe Ae 000 ‘POT ‘OL 0& 6% | 000 ‘009 ‘E pee eS 000 ‘80 ‘08 9988 | 000 ‘Gh ‘F pies See 000 ‘BLS ‘99T | PL'8L | 000 ‘OGG ‘oP 96 "ST 000 ‘Gr9 ‘6 FE'L6 | 000 ‘9L6 ‘9 io 000 ‘OGL ‘GT 9¢ 0& | 000 ‘966 'F 9 Sse ae 000‘FL6 ‘LTT | 0S'°S& | 000‘80G‘Es |-*-"*"" 000 ‘0G ‘S9T | BST | 000 ‘206 ‘8 0c ‘Te : og i oO oe a) ta] “sjoysng % “spaysng 8 “810 Aoeg_ Saee cietn seieer eee al ecco Soe cs al Rat a OOORSOGUCGM |lKOImS De 000) REQRGT eect ean ae osciey ie see ne IPR TI O00! BOE 91ST | 000 ‘co's Creme ee ae alae oe eal OP OT OOO OTOre 91 6L | 000 ‘066 ‘E Saamees dae RGEC wn ODOKUS TAG 88°26 | 000‘08e‘9T | 09°T@ | 000 ‘BLT ‘ZT 000 ‘90¢ ‘cs | 6S "ST | 000 ‘s90'%s | L9‘GE | 000‘0ET‘89 | SO"ST | 000 ‘86T ‘Lce can ema an | POA Tan OOOKOP Lae 61 06 | 000 ‘940% 9T‘ST | 000 ‘828 'L Senseo a saaeel| ae Seca ieee rene al BOGS el OCO ROSATO OL "FS | 000 ‘P16 ‘b Pee sasemndicnd=/*¥orWe sh )- oe sess =e aSF PDB SROOUOLEOL |seo°GT. | G00 (Coser 000 ‘zs ‘LL | Sh'st | 000'F68'FS | 20ST | 000‘9L0‘L0L | FG '9T | 000 ‘8F ‘08 “BLOUSE, @ “spoysng Fa ‘SspOysng Fy “sToysng o 3 rs OZLBIT URIS POXITT aA “PBOUM etiatateae) AUT: | ‘== DIB TOuT rose" * DUTLOTT 22 <2°-="nnIS;Og “ 5<--- Montgomery..... DY DELrey: .isssesces. Wayne: > -caecjeee North Whitehall .-..| Lehigh .......... Parkesville...-..... Chester-ssseeeeee Reading ter. asecce Barks ieee oeeoes Ephrata Sooke sees ac | Lancaster ....... Mount Joy .....-... panels aoaendecse Harrisburg...-...... Dauphin .... .... Eekesburg)---.2...-< IBOIny ceicceme act Hewisburg. .--..=.. Lops ass Sack s= ANG Ad snsaeeeerse WOE cee ee ease IMOMING ose o eee Centers 2 seecmisee Pennsville... 2... sce Clearfield . ..... Connellsville . ....-. Payette -..-..-.. New @astles-s.e2..< Lawrence ....... Canonsburg ........ Washington ..... IAVOrAP ORES as.|Scte ce wosccecoccce MARYLAND. Woodlawn ...-..... @eciheeeeeeos = Catonsville ......... Baltimore ..----. ‘Amnapolistsos-eecee Anne Arundel ... ta Inigoesjseescaee StyMaryisieeeee= 2 Emmittsburg ....... Mrederick <= -.-.- PAVICTR SOS? 2h'5.||t saacstce see acts VIRGINIA. Cape Charles L. H..| Northampton. . . SUETVAC HE waco 2 2 < SUIny.. eee eee Hewlentiste.- 22... < Hanover =-=.-c-- Mount Solon........ AC US tae ee cee Lynchburg .......-. Bedford-se=.eeee PAV ENGR Osa cinelen|sssacs he cetioesaeee WEST VIRGINIA. Romneyieieeaen--e = Hampshire ...... Grattonteee-e sree. MpyLOM.= matte -. 22. 30 8&8 1 46 69.6 | 5.50 James T. Clark,M.D.| 15, 30 86 11 56 Wane Nseccee Chas. I. Merriwether. 30 84 11 52 oe actetall mee meets eee eciciss sas os | cater armel Hefeteveicte! |e tele te lee eice 71.9 9, 52 W. H. McDowell. -.. 6 92 1,10 58 7203) |-eeeee W.H. Sharp, M.D .- 17| 94 1 56) |eateceee 1. 20 CaBIRGHer cee pe maome 29 88 20 58 74.0 0. 10 ee eee eee |. acu) oasebeisdl| Gass ec]. eee 263 Table showing the range of the thermometer, &c., for July—Continued. Stations. Counties. Observers. Date, aa Date. aan ba Rain. NORTH CAROLINA. Py ° ° In. Goldsboro’.-.cssueee Waynes -..cse. - E. W. Adams, A. M.. 30 92 10,11 59 Tad) |) hoe ler Q@xtord)..2.35-2occeee Granville........ Wm.R. Hicks, M. D 30 87 11 55 Vonlele Choe Raleigh «ae. «see Wakes saees. .: Rey. F. P. Brewer... 30| 99 TOW 5) |) stb, Dye Albemarle ......... Stanley --....... Be KYOnee on cncinias 30 93 1 54 72.7) 9. Statesville ........ Re iredell:. cu... Thos. A. Alison ..... "14 86 11 50 69. 2 6. 75 Asheville -........-- Buncombe....... BJ Astony 52 eeeca= 30 85 9 59 69.6 | 14.40 ENS QE Sais he Soop ORDO SD COSE EEG GOOODO ea coe conoc< cece) coc onde |pasbo| scored Aseoce 72.5 | 10.74 SOUTH CAROLINA. AKON ees occ = | Barnwell . ...... John H. Cornish .... 27 91 | 61 73.0 | 11.49 ALABAMA, l Moulton qos... .02% Lawrence ....... Thos. M. Peters, A.M. 9,10 85 19 61 7x3 | 5.43 Prairie Biuff........ Wilcox? sackssee Win. Henderson .... 15 96 2 73 Sl Gus 45< Ginplibags se soso ac Lite scsseeaseen J. H. Shields.....2... 10 91 12 69 TT. Ball acencie ETA VAN Gree = S50: EHalec--eeeee ns J. W. A. Wright . 11, 27 86 8 44 67.7} 5.29 Lotora ryt Aone USE Uneeeaae SER Wi Cv ie oR. On A ep aaa ements ee | Se | 5.6] 5.36 FLORIDA, nial Jacksonville . .....- Duyal......22-- A. 8. Baldwin....... 29} 97 |$T°.6| +72 | 80.5 | 10.49 Gordon. ...2...222: Alachta......--. H. B. Scott. ........ 278, $92] 10,12] -7O:|- 7Oeaye oes ORGROVEN Ses = 2095s |b tote wo chose eset J.M. Hawks, M.D .. 29 8 | 9, 11, 22 74 TONS Nee erere AVIGHAL ES hic cias |sicteccisiciacnin aia aete ate |Sacisiss wes eels s eae acioe| sea siet| sere sic ae 2 1 sek spree 79.9 | 10. 49 TEXAS. a EROnstom: A266. 28 PLP HArTISe jee ncoce Miss E. Baxter...... 24 | 100 68 S2i 0) Reece WSO estonia. cere McLellan........ Edw. Merrill, M. D-. 21 101 66 82.6 | 2.80 PAINTS Pes oa oe Drsnvis sess eee J. Van Nostrand ..<. 29 97 | 66 BIs2nT tos05 RC OIAONS soe: (e ceciss cas elecired oat Sa aeeawews sce sseccees)|neecaties)s Se Papeete soeeae 81.9 | 3.93 LOUISIANA, ir Benton ase s ee 2 Bossier... si..6.. Jobs Cartersccscco.: 17 92 2 65 8352) ioaee MISSISSIPPT, Grenada. ocec. Yalabusha....... Albert Moore....... 22, 23 90 4 60) |= seen eee Mayetten <3... s<.55: Jefferson 4-52): Rey. T. H. Cleland .. 2Q4 86 2,4 64 745 Opps Natchez mi 2< 2 Je255 Adams .....-...- Wim. McCary ....--- 25 88 20 66 76.8 | 4.76 PSVBTR OSE) mes heh ee Se 58 ee ee ae Sn IN A be ol etait see een ee 75.9 | 4.76 TENNESSEE. Lookout Mountain.e; Hamilton........ Rey. C.F.P. Bancroft 29 8&8 12 66 TOaPa nese Clarksville . ........ Montgomery..... Prof. Wm.M.Stewart 17 87 3 63 73.9 | 2.53 . 7 Franklin ........... Williamson ..... I. M, Parker........ ; ao oe ; 87 PN Chl) 76.2 (00.52 ASV OTA R Bs os ceiaa| Re abos areata afmin o cie a | eats eieretete reacts wince = #6.0<% ars | =a atelllmeiaterete ee eer Fan eye Gs: KENTUCKY. Chilesburg ..-...... Fayette ......... Sam’] D.Martin,M.D. 29 92 1 54 73.1) 4.86 Louisville .......... Jefferson ........ Mrs, L. Young.....- 17,30 | 90 1 55 72.0} 4,58 AVERSION acs oois aos = a atepd cette eae | a ae eT te w a (cio <\|'= ome stands] Seats atel eeraterern te 3 5 72.6 | 4.72 OHIO. f, Steubenville . ...... Jefferson . .....- Roswell Marsh....-- Psgeesecd 33sec son caeee ABeboo 77.0] 2.55 Martin’s Ferry......| Belmont........ Chas, R. Shreye..-.| 28,30 87 | 4 60 72.4 losdee 264 : Table showing the range of the thermometer, §c., for July—Continued. Stations, &e. Counties. Observers. Date. ar Date ean pea, Rain. | 1 ) a | ian out1o—Continued. cs) o é In. Painesville ....-...- WlGe se sas soos+ 195 dk INS Foe eS 4l Bes send eeodae 3 50). forma Aol Milttersville ....«...| Guernsey . ...... | Rev. D. Thompson..| 24] 98] 3,19| 54|..-. .-. 2, 85 Cleveland .......... Cuyahoga .....-. rer. AS Snmurc-~ 30 98 |3, 19, 20 60 | 974.3 ae Wrooster:----------- Wiiyate eee Martin Winger ----- 30 91 19 58 | TORE Kelley’s Island ..-.. | Brie «26. 25255. | Geo. C. Huntington-| 17,30} &8& 1 | "58 | W2raenepeiS Norwalk -.--------- Huron .....-.-.-| Rev. A. Newton ..-. 30 90 9 56 | 70.8) 1.45 Greenwich. 222/22; CG DP de |M. M. Marsh,M.D..| - 17] 99] 3,4|° 61| 745] 3/aL North Fairfield .....|....do. .-.....--- O, Burras .....----- 30 | 90 1| 54 | 69.2} 2.76 Maxion 22shia-)222-~= Marion 2 ===>---- | , Aj Trne Mp re: 30 39 3, 20 58} 71.5} 4792 ee leriaedin' 2 25.-25-2 | C.H. Smith, M.D... 6| s9| 3,4| 6| 743] 463 Urbana University..| Champaign . ---.| M. G. Williams -.-.. 30 90 | 3,4 58} 733| 4.08 ES DONO ye nes =e Highland - .....- | J. McD. Mathews --- 30 88 4 57 | 72.1) 2.32 Bethel eye se.o seem jpGlermont- >... Geo. W. Crane...... 6, 17, 30 88 | 3,9, 10 58 | 71.8] 3.00 Cincinnati. .....--- | Hamilton........ R. C. Phillips....... 25, 30 90 1 62 17.6) |" 3: 67 College Hill ....---. |----dO. ---.------ | John W. Hammitt --/22, 25,30) 90 1,19 60 74.8} 6.38 DOs se aeons: [esidoon es ease L. B. Tuckerman ... 14] “91 |:3'4,18'| 958) ]| SyaiTAeSsoo Averages....--. dele eI JS sores snsessacsse sass boo cessel escsee Eesee55 boShe- | 73.4 uate MICHIGAN. ae Monroe City....---- | Monroe ......--- Miss F. E.Whelpley-} 15, 30 93 3 | 7ss7\ ores State Agriclt’l Col...) Ingham ..--..---. | Prof. R. ©. Kedzie. -. 23 92 | 3 a3) 71.6 | 2.83 itehhield’.--... of: | Hillsdale ....-.-. RS Bullarden sesso 23 93 3 53 68.4 | 2.56 Grand Rapids -.----} AGEN 205 sciecaree | E. S. Holmes, D.D.S. 23 96 3 53 7 fa fo et Northport ..--...... | Leelanaw ...---- Rev. Geo. N. Smith-} 6,29 86] 1,3,4] 48 | Gee Se Pimorarse oe hoes | Allegan .......-. | Milton Chase.M.D..| 8,23| 90] 2,3] 50] 687|....-. Copper Fal's . .....- Kewenaw ....--. Dr. S. H. Whittlesey. 11 80 2 44 60.1 | 3.42 Ontonagon .......-. Ontonagon ...-.-- | Edwin Ellis, M. D..-| 23, 24 90 2 42 62.7 | ees AVCTAQES. ... 2-2]. 0-2 ne ne eee ne eee | eee eee ee ee ee nen ne] nn ee eee |e nen e ele eee eee |--- = | 67.8 | 2a INDIANA Ea) i (Anroraien ses ciees ose Dearborn. ..-.--- Geo. Sutton, M.D... 17 94 | cl 59 74.9 4.70 Vevay,o-sceo-4s2c-5 | Switzerland ..... Chas. G. Boerner... 22 | 100 ig| 60] 79.6] 3.20 Muncie: do5 5-1 tae Delaware ...---- | G.W.H.Kemper,M.D} 30} 94} 3,18] 58 | 74.5 | 3.30 Columbia City.----- | Whitley ---. .--- Dr. F. & Miss McCoy| 22, 23 96 | 1g| 56 78.3 | 2.00 Indianapolis - -..--.| Marion ...------- Mrs. Z. Butterfield - 22 96 19 57 14od) fone aan McrOM= ees Ieee a= | Sullivan..-...-.. Thomas Holmes - - . -| 24 84 1 56) 734 to New Harmony..---- | Posey --=----- 4-2 John Chappellismith.| 24,30 91 18 65 | 77.9} 1.43 AVETAZES. .2. 2-2 | 2 cance ener ee ccn| semen nc nnw man cnaseene|o wee saclonnm nin sepeisces BEROOr 76.1 | 2. 62 ILLINOIS. | [ae i @iiengols-.i.<..05.: | “Gopi. a Sel seed | Samuel Brookes .... 6 | 100 1|. 54.) > Se eee IDs ce SSeS YEvdOL ck eesceee | J.G. Langguth, jr-- 30 94 1 56 W294 4286 Goleonda........-.. Pope <2 23. 5ee | W.V. Eldredge.....| 23 | 98 /3,13,19| 58| 782] 1.80 Y NITE Cea Wane! >. as--2eeee A. &E. D. Spaulding | 22 90 | 2 48 | 72.0} 3.41 Sandwich .....- >-==|) De Kalbi- oes N. E. Ballou, M. D-.. 22 96 1,2 58 73.4 | 6.93 Oftaware~=s=<-5-=-- |\"La Salle :..desa-6 | Mrs. E. H. Merwin - | 22) 97 | 18 59 74.0 | 3.73 Winnebago...-..-.-. Winnebago...... | J. W. & Miss Tolman; 8,9,30 | 92 1{ 99 | 72.3 | 3.74 Hennepin .....---.- | Putnam --2-cceee Smiley Shepherd .../6,22,30 | 92 | ig] 52 70:0} ease Magnolia .... ----- |--+-do - Bete Henry K. Smith .... 9 | 95 19} 54.| 73.9} 5.70 Rochelle - ---2------ Ogle ...... .---..| Daniel Carey....... 2 | 96 1) 54 | 73.0)....-. Wyanet . ...------- Bureau... -. oo | E. S. & Miss Phelps.. 22. 93 | 1] 54) 73.5} 3.30 Tiskilwa ...-.--..--- 5 Scot Ea a | Verry Aldrich ...... | 22| 96] 1| 55 | Zap Raaees Bilmira: 3 BY. pees! Weearke =f 2.3..2.8 | 0. A. Blanchard....) 22] 94 | 2| 56| 74.5] 1.62 Table showing the range of the thermometer, &c., for July—Continued. 265 Stations, &c. Counties. Observers. Date. re ILLINOIS—Cont’d. ° Peoria =). 22: ..cs5es- Peoria) 222655. -- Frederick Brendel..! 6, 22 92 Springfield .......-. Sangamon......- G. M. Brinkerhoff - -. 22 94 Thoamizes4k see a. Sepe dO Goan. = <6 Timothy Dudley. -.-. 22 97 Waterloo: << = 222. IManrog aac. = .<\25 H. Kiinater’ -/25-.--- 21, 22 96 Dubois). :-......-%.| Washington ..... William C. Spencer. 23 94 Manchester .... .-.. RNC0ttiecen a. <> oss: Dr. J. & C. W. Grant 22 95 Mount Sterling -.--. PS EOWA cas oscars Rey. A. Duncan..... 14 93 Andalusia .......... Rock Island ..... E. H. Bowman, M.D. 8&9 91 Wnpustaleu. 7% aces... Hancock ........ S. B. Mead, M. D.... 22 8&7 1 S530 BO ce CE COS EBE RS SCBEEe Ea BEBE Hac oa ese eise cc. nbeeocad) MaProe WISCONSIN, Manitowoc ........- Manitowoc ...... Jacob Liips......... 30} 91 Plymouth <= =). 2s%.. Sheboygan ...... G. Moeller ...5.52.. 14,22,23) 91 Milwaukee ......... Milwaukee ...... I. A. Lapham, LL.D 30 92 MOS tess ossc.55 oan cGOin teen as seut Carl Winkler, M. D. 30 92 Geneva. 5- 25-5 Walworth ...... Wm. H. Whiting.... 22 92 TELE Ce Sea a aEeGO'< cnaeiens zat Leveus Eddy ......- 30 86 Waupacca ......... Waupacca.. .... Hi: Cy Meads.s oJ. a3f) 992 10) a ee ee Soetd0:< ces Scock C. D.Webster....... 7 90 Embarrass . .....2-. BE pape SS | E. Everett Breed ... 9 98 Rocky Run.....:-.. Columbia. ..<22 W.. W. Gurtis...g.4. 8, 9,12 89 IBarabaore-- -s 2cics=% NAUK. soso cose M. C., Waite\..-.-... 10; Qt New Lisbon ........ JUNEAU eee as aoe John L. Dungan.... 8 94 PAS EGY fie BAe | 2S SS, cd ene Ae eee eee a Te care MINNESOTA. Beaver Bay ..-.---. hake’ -ibeecses a C. Wieland ......... 11 e4 Red Wine’... 5225 <: Goodhue ......-. A. M. Stevens. -.-.... 29| 95 Dis pe aN ones, saa Ramsey -..-....- Rey. A. B, Paterson . 12| 88 Minneapolis ........ Hennepin ..-..-- Wm. Cheney -.-.--- 13 | 8&6 New Ulm. o<2c000-. BYOWN aa 5(5s 2-425 Charles Roos ....... 29 93 Cape eee patlieiteso-4 John Kauta ........ 2,29, 30 100} | PRVON AONE tetera, [Seer = cya ae ee eee emer e oc Lust (baeca.ans eoese IOWA. Dayenport -..-.--.- Scott. s-n-—-sec=- Sydney Smith ...... 10 | &8 ID tiyrts iris eaeet Dubuque .- ...-... Asa Horr, M.D..... 9, 30 | 89 Monticello . ........ JONES). .cs2 2 =.3ee M. M. Moulton .....- 6 | “91 Fort Madison ....... 1 aoe ee Daniel McCready. - - 9 91 Guttenberg......... Milay tones. c2.2ae Jas. P. Dickerson ....6,7,8,12 92 (Wereb as aq... see see Be aA Ola oats one's =e Jno. M. Hagensick . | 6| 94 Mount Vernon...... ated oe Prof. A. Collins ...-. 68,9} 92 Towa City .........-- JOHMBOD ia. ~~ a2 Prof, Theo. S.Parvin..| 4,12 90 Independence. ..... Buchanan ....... Mrs. D. B. Wheaton . 6 93 ID) Desse J mem 2 ~ Nur we Min. | Mean temp.) temp. | eo) io} 59 (ore | 54 74.6 61 75. 6 | 58 78.0 50 74.2 61 73.2 62 78.2 57 72.9 61 77.0 | doses 74.4 | 50 65. 7 53 3 46 67.4 52 67.8 54 (eit 53 69.7 | 50 72.6 | 50 69.5 48 68. 2 52 75.4 a2 73.4 54] 67.7 we 76.1 | 44 59. 1 51 68.5 ; 50 68. 1 51| 638.1) San! ed ; 50} 70.0 | Ey hetee | 67.9 | o2 72.6 56 hee 54 71.8 59 owe 52 70.1 54 73.2 54 Milas 50 70.5 53 72.4 53 71.8 52 69.8 52} 70.0 50 65. 6 53 72.8 52 69. 6 53 | 69.4 266 Table showing the range of the thermometer, §c., for July—Continued. Max. Stations, &e. Counties. Observers. Date. | ; emp. Date. Peace ree Rain. LOWA—Continued. 2 2 2 In. Dakotaeeer en ae- = Humboldt ..-.--. Wm. 0 Atkinson -.-|5, 12, 21 90 2 52 68, 44|caoeee Fontanelle - .....---. Adair -peseaaees A.F. Bryant. ...--. 22 92 217 55 73.0 | 7.00 Harris Grove -.----- Harrison ........ Jacob F. Stern -.-.. 29 88 17 47 68.0 | 4.20 Fort Dodge........- Webster ....---- C. N. Jorgensen-.--.. 5 91 Le, 53 71.5 | 899 SS AVETVAGES..- 2-2 -|---- enon cence ne nlen meen cence cnn n ne nnn - |e en nee en [eneene| snes cnn-|ennnne 70.9) |) deo MISSOURL. a SiMGonuis). pecs tase se St. Louis......--. Rev. F.H.Stuntebeck 22 93 | 1 65 78.0 | 3.30 ALENT OM ioe ani = =| © Set OOre Gastinas coe A. Fendler ...-..,-. 22 96 3 56 73.0 | 5.14 Union’ = 23-2 2-2-.55 ramilin Seo... Miss Belle Moore .-.. 22 99 17 | 58 76.6 | 2.56 @antonmeeeen aes. 2 Taewisicesesecee: Geo. P. Ray ...-.... 9,12} 989 1 64.| ‘76n3)\)-2aeee Rollaveer=. += ossc~- Phelpsic wo. eccee= H, Ruggles) ..-2.-- =. 22 90 28 49 70.8 | 1.09 Harrisonville ......- | .Cassit22 s.22= == = on 10.2 | 10 10.2 MOGWIsIAN® 225 .055522- 54 10. josek 11 WExdS <= sa0s/4>550a-5- > Beil | Ell wate. ATKANSAS .- <2 5.0055 -h—— 14.5 | 10.4 | 14.5 Mennessee' . +... 5255.2 552 {p14 12 14 West Virginia........--.-- 16 42 16 Kentucky s-.= 52-2 <-->. 1S Sri dase | 13.4 hls se eee 14.%)19 14.3 Min GISie se. G23 2) 3% s- 10 GopLi sein 1LOs7 Indiana sovss sec ao 52s 15 Bt 15 Ohide sc segeeso sss set ss. 22.5 14 23 Michigan 2-22. aqseee aes 13 11.2 | 13.3 Wisconsiny: 22.2) 32283- 2 11.5 | 12 1.7 Minnesota. 5.saese= eee 10:2 | 12n5) 1215 TOWRe= s.5556 s~Saes se ee 10.4 | 1223) 12 HGS). Coop beens ebease 9 10.6} 9.4 Nebraska saJ22. so2032 sce 7.1 | 15 LIS so a) Ow @ Ww Om © RH Ww c) zwn wm OD 10. — o 10. od i ll. Se a oe ee et Se ice cee em on wor We _ _— — oS 5 _ Ste ae 2 0 ® oma 5 8 i = ~ BONS & aD Ow oo oO @ I MO ww Ww Oo (or) ive 276 Condition of the crops, &c., on the first day of August, 1867—Continued. ‘ Invpeek STATES. Average condition of potatoes on the Ist day of August, com- pared with 1266, POTATOES. BEANS, Average condition August 1 eompared with last year. | Average condition August 1, New Hampshire...--..... AO Oe I Re res ge ee ihode disland jsa-so secs oe Conneciicutee 4.020 ee Le NewsVorks 2b sa seee tee Newiersey: = =5-0-22 22. Pennsylvania ~----..----. Welawarernsece essere ue sc Manvlandpeeeae. seas act Warpiinia 28) -p.26 cs 42.2 North i@arolinay o.22 3252-8 Somins Garolinas sess sees Georgians ci scene goes ilomd ase © See cea Seles ace MMehbam pean sees seis liek WOSTIMY Wososoe sennoeee Wonisianas soto sel <2 Wiest) Virgimia5. 2743-46 Kentucky os.5. cscs seins MIssOUTI. = 525. es eeee Michioan (22 2i,.2 00 septs ee Wisconsin= 22. .2.25 525528 MUMMIES Olas =. a eee oe VOWaReee tees sees alcend <4 IK CANIS HS eee ese aie isis 6c icie Nebraskameierce = -ciicss- 10. Ooornonrtontoarenne 3 D oO = = = | SORGHUM.) compared with last year. HAY. Quantity of timothy, compared MO Oo w with last year. Average condition of timothy when harvested. Quantity of clover, compared with last year, Average condition of clover when harvested. on — © ae @ oO Dnonrwan & ou @ = . Quantity of hay of all kinds, compared with last year eet fad, mt OD 89 5 S Sai — — — ° —_ 12 _— w co _ Feepeetse Oo Pp WH . 277 Condition of the crops, Sc., on the first day of August, 1867—Continued. STATES. New Hampshire - ...-... Wenmontics = ooo. eles | Rhode Island... 2... 2. - | Connecticut ./......... Mew WON ose se 3 New Jersey ------- «24. Pennsylvania......-... Delaware Maryland Minginiane ssecng- os ote North Carolina South Carolina -....-.. SHOGMONA Ss Joe et Ae ole Florida Mississippi ..-.--..--.. Wouisiana.t soe cs=ts Ge West Virginia . ...2..... Kentucky Missouri Michigan Wisconsin: sos 7sc0 eee ed PASTURES. compared with last year. Average condition August 1, compared with last year, : Average condition August 1, TOBACCO.) COTTON. 4 verage condition August 1, compared with last year. NO MRE ee TSS) 2 ee Te ik ee Be 10.2 10 QS Sn ae ee sl ee ae LOD) sass eeee 9 7 9 8.5 10 Ie 12 14.5 3 09.7 10.4 15 10s) 13 8 8 10.4 8 11 9.7 11 : Ch ee eerie 8.6 10.2 8.9 8.6 |. SL Roa ana ht Gee 11D) ieee HOMES... ie 2K) | Bis Se miles 10.4 10.1 ————_ SUGAR- CANE. (Not sorghum.) a = Je 2H 23 >) = bs aa a= oa Ex cE as So of aa «oO oo > < APPLES. Average condition August 1, compared with last year. PEACHES, Average condition August 1, compared with last year. GRAP ES. Average condition Augnst 1, compared with last year on © _ ee a wo a Oo ®t = © w wo SOS Dio Coo = YWVWeNaa 11.4 11.2 10.8 11.6 11.5 11.9 278 Table showing the condition of the crops, &c., on the first day of September, 1867. WHEAT RYE, CORN. BUCK- \WH EAT BEANS. SOR- GHUM. a g @ al ||) ee a | ot BERS * | Sali | Bm dl eee STATES Poebeeelea sel) a'. lope | See 1! Boo aia RLS) ANS)" ere UD MaeeMmmciget soi I=) i lend am la e ak at nF ak | 2S ab SS eis BS Senseo sts |S 2 | ay | && 5a 58 ar Pie Es g ES a | 3 Bh | oe g | gis S B= 5) 5B ° Fa cS) so) Be =) = os et a i= nis — Moainehae eet tass ce. 10 KOM PROMOS RTE Ie wIORay yp SMD I abel als aoe 8.4 New Hampshire....| 10.7 | 9.9] 9.8 | 10.5 | 10 1052") Oya eee 8.6 Vermont cs2 cece 1OR7 ele SaONSs 10; 9) 18°37) ISI8n oral sealer Omori coos sees a 21 IPR 7 is Gy |p| 7 Ueteh || Shh Ab OSS) I) 1/577 Michi¢an:= 225. 2 55 MON Oe Ol 7 1) 10535 \eao 10.4 oer oll reel), 2 VVAISCOUSIN. =... .- 115} 11.5 | 12 32 11 952m OS 4 teal 9 Minnesota. 2----- .- TS sy EE MS 3 12 LOG) LOLS F144 So ss lower semis == = .0\- J 11 10.9 | 11.4 | 10 9.8 | 10 9.3 | 10 Kangaseeeeserice 9.6 | 10 9.9 | 10.2 | 12 10.9 | 10.6 | 11 12 Nebraskdse- sc --.- 9.4) 9.8} 9.8) 11 LSAT OVS TONG Oy eens Condition of crop September 1 1867, as compared with last year. — _ oo WO oS 279 Condition of the crops, &c., on the first day of September, 1867—Continued. _ | suGAR- | | COT |c,nx, (not/ APPLES, PEACH’S GRAPES HOPS. stock Hogs. | woot. HOR sorghum.) | n+ -~ oS a we so -~P 7 ° m2 Sa aCe & 2 sat) a | Ce parce tener GP ‘ eagbes |@ \a |'2 | 2 [ee (ges | 2 BS o - 3 x ae 5 Eins ee Ber os ‘ 2 =F oy 3S ae oO 2F & 2 So ep STATES, el og 23 eo ae 2® | 33 ee Cora AS De “mh | 68 | oa Sips. aie aa oo od ae ae Ss sid aay fe | as fice 88 | =F Sia oe o 2 eae 2 § Re om oF 33 ae 58 om 54 Sa | mS go | 5d 2g | Be | @o qo wo a BS | a, Zi 1h aks) Bo ca oo Sey | &. Sa lvoe pea. (Vee | Slo ge Sauies ge | gs ace ede poo ee, | oe | oe gam] Bam | 8 PP Saeies Weel ES) See ree io) o a < oO 4 iS) = sa—n0- Cad Arlee oe SE Bol Oia OLS. |) Lh 10,1 9.7 Welaweartens.s4s8 sles ebsleesaccs 12 30 TC Se eee ee 12 10 10 NanV land at soso lem ace aitss cee: Sele T4a oe OMe 10 10 LOGS OSS 9.6 Waroiniiairs .=aies SuGhiles caeess 13.6 | 20.5 | 11.4 | 10 10 9.9 | 10.2 8.8 North Carolina-...} 10.1 9 10.9 | 30.2 | 10.2 | 10 10 9.5 | 10.1 9,7 South Carolina.,-} 15 10 1) 14,2 | 10 10 10 6.9 | 11 9.3 Georpiay. c=: =. - 15.3 12.1 ig) Sa2R ii 8.3 LSet 9,4 Blandaeeces 2... 10 10.8 6 1S 9 Wao 8 ea het| wa bE 8.2 Alabama .....-.-. 14,2 1OKSe|) On sel 666.) 68.9) e110 10 8.8 | 10.4 9.5 Mississippi ---. -- Oe Ae eave ane ine 5. 5D Ge Say | 10) 9.1 Sh 7/ 9.5 Boursiana 6 5552s. 7.4 12 310)? ull eee | hadls aad | Rg, | 8 8.6 9.3 WROXES) tee teres ool) | (Ge UE 6.7 1 IPR0559 NAR ILA! eH ee LOSE i LOSS 9 IATISANSAS) «4.0505 - it) Bike: 1S. & 9.6 Figlk 4) 15s 12 20 Ge sayeloed 10,8 Tennessee... .----- LOS 90 |Saeeees Se eso) ee 4 no 9.5 | 10.6} 9.8 9.8 WWiestaVaroinia..-3\) oot oe cee 13 9073 14.25) 99.7 | 10s3 Feo e103 aust Kentucky...) = 2. 8.3 Gusvipiesaipes.o |) 958 1) Solis 950 i 10 10.2 9.5 Missouniva a oe 10.1 EOFs PLUK. 1945) |) 10.6) | 98) 1055) i 1358 e LOS Sal eale Mlinoisiz gee ee 3 1OSSheaaeee 9.6 | 19.4 | 10.8 | 10.5] 9.3) 10.7 | 9.8 9.5 Tid tan erst seek bs yaya 10.6 | 34.1 | 14.1 | 10.2 | 10.4 |-10.8) 9.8 9.8 Ohilo( 54-264 es ha | ea 8.2 #20 11.6] 9 BE LDS O7 9.3 Michioant): 22/575 5| Sees | ees LOZ s226 | 12.4) 96) 7255) LEA 9/9 Oi Wisconsin /) 25S u (eee es? TANS REE 8 1.6) tear ere il 9,4 9,1 Minnesota’: /522.45 ake es ae alee cease 11 feo 1075 | 1256) ) tiga pte 10.1 9.3 Tomasi 2 SA OR 1028.2) 12 | 10.5) ge he9.9) “9 oid Kansas........-- Lae ys Pigg et? | 14.8 | 1b oie. 4) 10.7 | 9.2 Nebraska 22 -" of. s 0 names. Le F220 BOW Wy LORS ee wesmle L 113 10, 1 280 THE PACIFIC STATES AND THE TERRITORIES. Returns from the Pacific States and Territories, while too limited to warrant a general estimate of the leading crops, indicate the following figures, using 10 as the standard for last year, as in the preceding tables : California.—W heat, 11.5; rye, 10; barley, 9.5; oats, 9; corn, 9.8; hay, 10; potatoes, 9.5. Oregon.—W heat, 10; rye, 10; barley, 8; oats, 9; corn, 11; hay, 8; pota- toes, 9. Nevada—W heat, 15; rye, 10; barley, 10; oats, 10; corn, 10.2; hay, 15; potatoes, 10. Washington Territory —Wheat, 9.8; barley, 10; oats, 10.4; corn, 9.8; hay, 8; potatoes, 11.2. Dakota Territory.— Wheat, 9; rye, 10; barley, 10; oats, 10; corn, 8; hay, 10; potatoes, 8. Colorado Territory— Wheat, 12; rye, 10; barley, 10; oats, 12; cdrn, 11; hay, 12; potatoes, 11. Utah Territory.—W heat, 10.5; rye, 10; barley, 10; oats, 10; corn, 9; hay, 11; potatoes, 11. EXTRACTS FROM CORRESPONDENCE. EARLY BOUGHTON OR TAPPAHANNOCK WHEAT. The following extracts show the success of the Early Boughton or 'Tappa- hannock wheat in the several localities mentioned : Giles county, Tennessee-—The 'Tappahannock wheat did not arrive until the 9th of October, was sown on the 10th, and ripened two weeks before the other, and yields all of one-fourth more of excellent A No. 1 wheat. I hope and be- lieve it will prove a boon to our section. Franklin county, North Carolina —Robert Perry, of this county, seeded two and a half pounds of Tappahannock wheat, received from the Department of Agriculture, on a piece of land 20 by 20 yards, and realized eighty pounds from it. It was seeded early in November, on land not well prepared for a favorable result, and was injured by rains. It weighed sixty-two and a half pounds to the measured bushel. It is eight or ten days earlier than the wheat in cultiva- tion here. Baltimore county, Maryland.—The Tappahannock wheat has done exceed- ingly well, ripened early, and I could not see one head injured by the midge. The Arnautka spring wheat is injured by the midge, probably owing to late seeding. About one-fourth is destroyed. This wheat has a remarkably fine appearance. JI will give it another trial. Clarke county, Virginia.—lt is the practice here to sow every kind of smooth wheat later than the bearded varieties, the smooth wheats being more obnoxious to the Hessian fly. I think the injury the white wheat sustained was due to late sowing ; having seen some fields of the Boughton wheat seeded in Septem- . ber, which made very heavy crops of fine quality. Windsor county, Vermont——On the 1st day of October, 1866, I sowed, on alluvial soil, one quart of Early Boughton wheat. On the 6th instant I reaped it, and on the 17th had it threshed and cleaned, and had ten quarts very nice and good berry. But for an injury last fall from cattle, I should have had twelve quarts, which is, allowing one and a fourth bushels of seed to the acre, above an average for this State, and in quality superior to any I have seen. Columbia county, Pennsylvania.—I received from the Department of Agri- 281 culture last fall one quart of Early Boughton wheat, which I sowed September 20, broadcast, on about one-twentieth of an acre of ground from which I had taken a crop of early potatoes. It ripened one week earlier than other varieties, and the yield was eighty-two pounds clean, screened wheat, of a very superior quality. If it continues to do anything like as well, I shall consider it a valu- able acquisition. Washtenaw county, Michigan—The Tappahannock wheat sent me last fall was sowed about the 1st of October. It ripened nearly three weeks earlier than the Treadwell, sowed at the same time and on the same soil. From the quart sent me I have raised seventy-four pounds of good, clean wheat, which will weigh over sixty pounds per bushel. Lenawee county, Michigan.—I sowed one quart of Boughton wheat on the 29th of September, 1866, and threshed out one bushel of very plump, white wheat from the quart sowed. ARNAUTKA SPRING WHEAT. New London county, Connecticut—I received from the Department of Agri- culture, in the spring of 1867, one package of Arnautka hard spring wheat, which was sown the 13th of April in drills. One part was put upon soil in- clined to a sandy loam, exhausted by previous cropping. The green sward, having been ploughed tne fall previous, was sparingly manured with horse manure and ashes ploughed in, and a little hen manure scattered along in the drills near the grain, and the weeds afterward kept down by hoeing. The other parcel was put upon a more compact soil, in better condition, with no manure save a little in the hills, as the other, and received no hoeing. That on the more sandy soil did the best. Both did well, and were ready to harvest by the first of Au- gust, and, by estimation, yielded tweuty bushels to the acre of very nice-looking grain, and very free from smut. It is a valuable grain for this locality. Clinton county, Indiana.—Last spring I received from the Department of Agri- culture two packages of Arnantka, or hard spriag wheat. This I sowed broad- cast on common clay land, at the rate of one and a half bushel per acre, on the 16th of April. The season was backward and very unfavorable; the native wheat in this locality made only about one-fourth of an average yield. I har- vested the Arnautka wheat on the 20th day of July; it produced at the rate of twenty bushels per acre, being considerably more than an average yield for our native wheat. It was not attacked by rust, weevil, or fly, and produced rather larger berry than the sample received from the department. It is pro- nounced by wheat-growers in this neighborhood a success. THE SANDOMIRKA WHEAT. Jefferson county, New York.—I received in 1866 from your department a small sack of Sandomirka winter wheat, imported from Odessa. I prepared five and a half square rods of ground which had never been manured, and had raised three crops after being cleared up from a forest. I sowed the wheat in drills, two and a half inches deep, the last of August, 1866. It stood the winter through without any injury, and matured ahd ripened so that I harvested it on the last day of July, 1867. The product was forty-seven and a quarter pounds ‘of fine, plump wheat. The weevil did it some injury, but nothing serious. I attribute the injury of the weevil more to the small space covered than to the kind of wheat. The spring wheat usually found in this country was quite as much injured by the weevil as this Sandomirka wheat. From my experience thus far, it seems to be well adapted to our soil and climate, and preferable to our common spring wheat. 282 THE COTTON CROP. We give a few extracts from letters of our correspondents in the several cot- ton States, showing the condition of the crop in their respective districts on the lst instant : Edgecomb county, North Carolina.—Last year the cotton crop of this county was something over sixteen thousand bales. I think this year, with fully one- fifth more land planted, the crop will not exceed that of last year. York county, South Carolina —Cotton was but little injured by the drought, and present appearances indicate three times the crop of last year. But the weather just now is entirely too hot for cotton; the bottom crop may rot. Butler county, Georgia.—On the 1st of August cotton promised a most abun- dant yield; but it has rained almost every day during the month, which has greatly damaged the crop. This being the principal month for making cotton, the crop will not be as large as was anticipated, ‘There is also some complaint of the “boll-worm ;” and, in a few instances, rust has damaged the crop. With all this, however, the crop will almost certainly be double that of last year, and, should the weather be entirely suitable the balance of the cotton making season, it will exceed the above amount. Jackson county, Florida.—The common caterpiller is now at work on the cotton plant in this county. Their work will be complete between the 10th and 20th of September; the next crop of worms, if hatched, can do no harm. There will be made and gathered an average of bottom and middle crop, as the plant is now maturing a very full crop of fruit, and, as I am advised, will yield fully fifty per cent. above that of last year. Cedar Keys, Florida —The cotton is looking well now and promises a large crop; yet the cotton-worm is making its appearance, and may sweep away the whole crop. Barbour county, Alabama.—The cotton crop of this county is, up to this time, very promising ; true, the rust is apparent in some localities, but I hear no loud complaints of its being extensive; nor is much said of the caterpillar. With a continuance of favorable seasons and a late fall, the yield will be larger than perhaps ever known before. As far as my information extends, the crops in the contiguous counties are, as a general thing, quite promising. Marion county, Mississippi.—Vhe third generation of the army worm is now _at hand, and the destruction of the late cotton is almost certain. The early, or first planting, it is supposed, will yield about one-half of a crop. Incessant rains in the spring prevented the planters from labor; consequently there is a large portion of the cotton late. Pike county, Mississippi.—Since my last report much discussion has prevailed as to the cotton-worm, about which the most anxious fears have filled the public mind. The report is now current that the third brood of the worm is making its appearance and seriously injuring the cotton. Were it not that the cotton is from two to four weeks later than usual, the worm appearing at this time would do but little injury ; but the cotton is now in full growth; and the mid- dle cotton, from which the main crop is derived, is not sufficiently matured to be safe; so, should the worm equal the reports, there will not be more than half a crop; but I am somewhat skeptical as to the worm being in as large numbers as reported. The crop is unusually promising, and could it have escaped the worm and late frost would have doubled that of last year. Claiborne county, Mississippi—The third crop of the army worm is now appearing in countless numbers, and as this crop is said to be the devouring crop, much anxiety exists. ‘There is much cotton in condition, as to maturity, that can be almost ruined now by the caterpiller, and all of it must suffer a third should the worm pursue its usual course of devastation. 283 Tensas county, Louisiana.—The cotton crop is backward, but at this time is making rapid strides towards perfection. I never knew cotton to improve so rap- idly before. But the third generation of worms is at hand and at work. Our only hope is that they will not be numerous enough to eat up the crop. It was ob- served by many that a large proportion of the worms in August fell on the hot ground and died before maturing ; and then a good many of them which did go into the chrysalis state were destroyed by the ants. A few planters “wormed their crops”—one man killed as many as three barrels of worms with only a few hands. Jackson parish, Louisiana.—Since my last report a material change has oc- curred in the cotton prospect, caused by an unusually early appearance of the eater- piller, on or about the 6th of August, since which time the work of destruction to the cotton’ plant has gone on rapidly ; the result is a diminution of one half in the prospect at present compared with that of the 30th of July. Lamar County, Texas.—Cotton, if the present prospect holds out, will be more than an average yield. Union County, Arkansas.—Apprehension is felt in regard to the army worm. Reports are in circulation that they have commenced their work of destruction in the county, but I have not observed them among my crop. A great deal of cotton is very small—a drought of five weeks has not helped it; but if we should have a late fall and no worms, fully as good a crop will be made in this county as ever, for the number of acres in. Giles County, Tennessee—Cotton has come out very much since my last report—has an unusual amount of squares, &c. Should the season continue favorable, we expect to make from 1,000 to 1,200 lbs. of seed cotton per acre. RESOURCES OF OREGON. Salem, Oregon.—A large oil well is now under process of erection in Salem. One thousand acres of flax were sown last spring in Marion county to supply the oil mill with the seed. Poor as this season has been here, the flax crop is excellent. The price of the seed is $1 50 per bushel in Salem. The oil is worth $1 874 per gallon, retail rates. The great discoveries of minerals on our eastern borders are of national im- portance. ‘The mine of tin lately found on the Owyhee, in Oregon, is rich ; and the quantity may be estimated by millions of tons. Iron, lead, coal, salt, silver, gold, and cinnabar are to be found in nearly all the western slope of this coast region. Idaho, Oregon and Washington have a goodly share of this mineral wealth. The rapid approach to our shores of the Union Pacific railroad gives new life and energy to all classes of persons here. The vast and untold bodies of fir, spruce, cedar, and hemlock, in Oregon and Washington, will soon become of use and value to disseminate to regions which are measurably desti- tute of timber. Our coal mines are very extensive and of good quality in western Oregon. Sheep raising bids fair to become an important branch of agriculture on the western slope of this continent. Sheep are very healthy, and the wool is ex- cellent. Crosses of the Sonth Downs and Merinos sell at $1 10 per head in this county. Some six woollen factories are now in good running condition, or in process of erection in western Oregon. AGRICULTURE IN COLORADO. A correspondent in Pueblo county, Colorado, writes as follows upon the agri- culture of that. Territory: ‘Permanent settlement and agricultural operations first commenced here in 1860, but little progress was made until two years later, since which time no country has ever improved faster; every available foot of land in this county being now occupied and cultivated as closely as in any part 284 of the United States. Every foot that can be watered is being turned by the plough. There are now fifty-three ditches in use in this county, their aggregate length being 147 miles, at a cost of $91,400, and if the cost of dams, breakages, repairs, &c., was estimated it would swell the amount to over $100,000. The actual number of acres already ploughed, is 21,150. Considering the insolation and newness of the country, and that not a foot can be cultivated without being irrigated, I think it will be hard to find a parallel. On the first day of June, 1867, there had been entered and pre-empted at the land office in the territory 400,000 acres, and a little over 100,000 are cultivated by “Spanish grant” holders; and about 50,000 acres are cultivated where the land is unsurveyed and unentered. So that there are nearly 600,000 acres now under the plough in the Territory. CHICKEN CHOLERA. Leake County, Mississippi.—tn the May and June report, 1867, I find on page 216, an inquiry about “chicken cholera.”” The disease has been here for the last twelve months. I have used “Barton’s preventive for hog cholera,” (omitting the salt,) and find that it acts like a charm. Mix this medicine with corn-meal two or three times a week. Any medicine that will prevent “hog cholera’’ will prevent the “chicken cholera.” The spirits of turpentine is a cure if taken in time, and no doubt would be a preventive. ‘These two pre- ventives, given in moderation, I recommend; the turpentine in quantities of from two to five drops to the chicken. : Fremont County, Iowa—For the last two years my chickens have been dying of cholera; even the turkeys have died the same way. When I notice the hens begin to droop and look sleepy, I give them three or four tea-spoon’s full of strong alum-water, and repeat the next day. I also mix the feed, (say corn- meal,) with strong alum-water, feeding twice a day for two or three days, after- wards, once a week. Since I have practiced the above I have not lost any. A correspondent from Spring Valley, Iowa, sends us the following remedy for chicken cholera: “Take, say two eggs, a table-spoonful of finely pulverized alum, and a sufficient quantity of flour to make a thin paste, and force the chicken or turkey to swallow a portion of the mixture, and there are two chances to one that it will recover. I have used this remedy for two years with good success. I have also found it necessary, as a preventive, to use more or less alum in their feed, once a day when the disease prevails. _Fowls should never have access to slop or swill-tubs, or any other kinds of sour food.” GRASSHOPPERS. Great Salt Lake City, U. T—This summer, in the northern portion of the Territory, the citizens have been greatly harassed by grasshoppers. Eggs were deposited in Cache county -by some that came last fall. Those eggs ger- minated this spring, and millions of grasshoppers appeared. ‘The towns of Logan, Hiram, and Wellsville, have had their field crops totally destroyed ; some other of the towns in that county have suffered some. About six weeks ago many of them travelled into the Bear Lake region, (north,) but returned and have been travelling south, visiting many places in their journey. The settlements in Weber county have suffered. In Davis and Salt Lake counties wheat, &c., was rather too far advanced for them, but corn, carrots, cabbage, potatoes, &c., they attacked with a gusto. On Saturday, July 28, the air was literally filled with something with life, too high for the naked eye to discern, but the glass revealed that they were grasshoppers. In the evening many of them had located in the southeastern portion of this city, and on Sunday, 29th, they commenced to work. Since 285 then they have spread, and apple, pear, and plum trees appear bare. Through their work corn is ruined and much damage is done. The foremost forces have gone south, but we are still having fresh recruits from the north. I hear that they have most all left the northern counties of this Territory and are coming south. The vanguard is at Farmington, about eighteen miles north of here, so if they will hurry along we shall be able to bid them good bye, I hope, before they want to leave their eggs with us. With all the drawbacks of a late spring and the grasshoppers, we shall raise sufficient breadstuffs and a little to spare, and a goodly quantity of potatoes. Page county, Iowa—The grasshoppers have just made their appearance here, and are very numerous ; no damage has been done by them yet. Their pres- ence will deter me from sowing fall wheat. This is much to be regretted, as I have imported the first grain drill into this part of the country, and desired to test its superiorty over the broadcast method. If drilled wheat would stand our winters, it would be the greatest improvement we could adopt. Adams county, Iowa.—We are now suffering from grasshoppers. They ap- peared August 27, in clouds, and settled all over this part of the country. They are destroying buckwheat, turnips, potatoes, corn, &c. They will pro- bably kill all the crops named except corn, and may do much damage to that, particularly the late fields. Cherokee county, lowa.—The grasshoppers appeared in great numbers Au- gust 28th and 29th. They have eaten up the buckwheat and injured the corn, devouring the leaves and eating into the ends of the ears. POTATO BUG, Jefferson county, West Virginia —What is known here as the “potato bug’’ has appeared in some parts of our county, but not in as large numbers as I have seen them. They have been eating the tops of beets in our garden as greedily as they eat the potatoes. We have kept them off pretty well by dusting the vines with unleached wood ashes, applying it as often as the bugs made their appearance. We dusted the ashes on the vines and over the bugs, and they would soon leave. Whenever they reappeared we repeated the dose. De Kalb county, Ilinois.—The potato crop has been somewhat injured from the invasion of the potato bug. Early varieties are extremely fine; and while I write a heavy rain is falling, which will stay the ravages of the bug on the later varieties. These bugs are highly poisonous ; the common barn-yard fowls will not eat them; it has been said by many that they would, but it is a mis- take. The grouse or prairie chickens have been found dead with the bugs in their crops, which is evidence that they were killed by them. Sportsmen will have need to examine into the matter, as the flesh, if eaten, would poison in re- turn. Putnam county, Iilinois—The potato bug is making fearful ravages with the potato crop here. Many fields are entirely destroyed. Webster county, Iowa.—The potato bug has made its appearance for the third time this year on some fields, and unless attended to promises to do great damage before potatoes mature. My experience is that they can be suc- cessfully guarded against by destroying them in their first attacks on the pota- toes, but it frequently requires time and perseverance. SILK CULTURE IN CALIFORNIA. The following extracts from a recent letter written by L. Prevost, esq., of San José, California, to this department, will show something of the extent of the silk interest in that State : 286 “Tt is my intention this year to make an exhibition of the silk business at the fairs—everything from the beginning to the end—and. what will attract more attention, I am doing all I can to have Mr. Newman and son present with the Cali- fornia silk reel, reeling silk from the cocoons before the public, and Mr. New- man himself with a loom, manufacturing. The great interest that is now mani- fested in our State in silk raising has induced me to agree to be present at the State fair, and at the district fair of the San Joaquin valley at Stockton, and after these at our own fair at San José. It is also agreed that at every. fair I will address the people on the subject; this will afford me great pleasure, as my object is to be useful to our country. * 4 “‘T’now feel very proud to see my humble efforts appreciated, and to know that the publication of my manual has determined so many to begin silk raising, and especially that all those to whom I have sent eggs in different parts,of the State have so completely succeeded, and that none of them have had any disease among their worms. I have for along time demonstrated the superiority of our climate for silk growing, but the fact that so many persons who never képt worms before, and at such great distances from each other, have all succeeded, proves beyond possibility of doubt what I have so often said. So great is the interest now manifested that a very large number are preparing to engage in this busi- ness the next season. “ Just a month ago I was in Sacramento, and think how pleased I was to find that over three millions of mulberry trees were growing there finely in different places. And I found, also, that Mrs. Haynie had a fine crop of cocoons—the finest I have ever seen yet. The question is now settled that the mulberry tree and the worms succeed finely all over our State; but by what I see Sacramento will be the first silk district of California. I think that for the next season they will have there food enough for ten millions of silk worms. “ Previous to coming to California, in 1849, I lived twelve years in the State of New York, and know all about the multicaulis operations there. That was merely the work of schemers to make money. It is impossible to raise silk there profitably, for several reasons, the principal of which are that the climate is not suitable to the worms; and during the time of feeding in the summer there is rain from time to time, and the storms of thunder and lightning destroy the worms. I was present at an attempt made on Long Island, and with great care the worms succeeded very well till a few days before they would have made their cocoons, and then came a very heavy storm that in one after- noon killed them all. The high price of labor is only a secondary question if the climate is suitable, as here, where we have everything favorable, our fine climate has enabled me to simplify the culture so completely so that one person can raise and take care of as many worms as eight persons would in France or Italy. * * * * * * * * * “Such are our facilities, and such the adaptation of our climate, that in silk growing California need not fear competition from any quarter, and will soon be able to produce and manufacture silk to supply all the other States. In fur- nishing healthful employment, social comfort, refinement, and personal inde- pendence this is superior to every other domestic occupation yet (discovered. «L, PREVOST.” BROOM-CORN CULTURE. A correspondent in Schenectady, New York, gives the following history of broom-corn culture in that State: « Previous to 1827 the culture and marufacture of broom-corn in this State were monopolized by the United Brethren of Shakers, at Miskaynna, in this county. In 1827 they induced Mr. Benjamin Willard, of this city, to plant a 287 few acres on one of the islands in the Mohawk river, agreeing to take the brush at a fixed price per pound, and furnishing him with a rude implement for scrap- ing the seed by hand, each head separate. Mr. Willard prepared the brush and notified them when it was ready for delivery. Two of their number came to weigh and receive it, but when they saw the great length of the brush they were amazed, and refused to ratify their engagement, thus leaving Mr. Willard with what was supposed to be useless stock on hand. Mr, Willard thereupon deter- mined to make it up into brooms. Deeming the mode then in vogue, of holding the twine by the feet and winding with the handle in hand, too slow a process, he invented the broom winder, now in use,and made better brooms in much less time, thereby working an entire change in the broom-corn culture and the manu- facture of brooms, The cause of the excellence of broom-corn in this vicinity is the uniformly dry and, warm nights during the summer months, owing to the absence of dew until near midnight, probably attributable to the sand plains on the hills surrounding this valley. “ Culiwre—The ground is carefully ploughed, harrowed, and rolled, and between the 1st day of May and the middle of June planted in rows by a horse-power seed-planter. When the ‘plant is about two inches high it is thoroughly weeded ; when about six inches up the earth is removed from the sides of the rows with a scarifier, and the space between the rows made friable ; and when the plant is about two feet high the earth is thrown to the rows with a double mould- board plow, and it is then left for the brush to develop. In sixty days from planting the brush is fully out, and it is then broken about two feet from the lowest branches, and after one day it is cut with a stem of six or eight inches, and taken to the comber or thresher (two revolving spiked cylinders) driven by power, and the seed removed; thence it is carried to dry-houses and placed on slats or poles in tiers with one foot space. After being dried it is sized and packed into bundles ready for manufacturing into brooms. « Broom-corn farmers prefer cuttings when the brush is green, as the green broom is more salable in the New York market than the red (ripe) brush. Experiments have shown that they are equally durable. Red or ripe brush exhausts the soil more than when harvested early. The first scrapings of seed are only fit for manure ; the second is half as good as oats, and the third makes an excellent feed for horses and cattle, and is found toe be a superior feed for milk cows in the winter months. The haulm when properly cured and housed, or a geod fodder. One bushel of good seed will plant ten acres of bottom and. «The broomsin use in 1827 sold for $2 25 per dozen; in 1830 the Schenectady brooms brought $2 50; and now the best brooms sell at $1 75 to $2 per dozen. Ripe seed is now selling here fer $7 per bushel. Brooms are daily sent from this city to all the States, Canada, West Indies, and Eurepe, and the demand is increasing. A quantity of brush manufactured here is grown in the States of Illinois and Indiana. In most ef the western States, and in Pennsylvania, the plant will not flourish.” EGYPTIAN COTTON. The following letter gives a faverable account of the Egyptian cotion seed distributed last spring by the department : Warrerx county, Miss—I received, late in -April last, two packages of Egyptian cotton seed, one of which we planted in this vicinity ; the other I distributed in small parcels among some ten or twelve planters in this county, five or six in Texas, and one in Florida. All heard from report very favor- ably. Mr. Fletcher, an old planter, has had several bolls opened, a few 2 288 locks of which I send you as a specimen of the first Egyptian cotton grown in this country. Mr. F. thinks that it would make 1,200 to 1,500 pounds per acre under favorable circumstances, and the finest lint and best staple he ever saw. The stalks are of good size and well limbed, many bending under the weight of bolls and more squares forming. He counted two hundred bolls on an ave- ° rage stalk; it may still further improve by cultivation when better known and acclimated. The planters are now convinced that, although planted so late, it will mature in this climate, latitude 32° 20’, and may be acelimated throughout the cotton region. A few stalks were topped with promising results. SAMPLE COTTON FROM GEORGIA. Mapison, Morcan County, Grorata. ; September V, 1867. Dear Sir: I have the honor to transmit herewith my report for September. I am happy to be able to make a favorable report this month. I have been in different parts of the county, talked with a great many practical, sensible planters, and it seems to be the general verdict of all that Morgan county has better crops of cotton and corn than has been known here in fifteen years. The acreage planted is no doubt much less than in former years, owing, in a great measure, to the scarcity of stock, laborers and capital. The boll worm has made its appearance in some parts of the county, but not in sufficient num- bers to do much damage. I send to the department a small bale of cotton. Respectfully, yours, B. H. TRUE. Hon. J. W. STOKEs, Acting Commissioner of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. Accompanying the above note we received a miniature bale of this year’s cotton, put up in the form of the large bales, weighing four pounds, and bear- ing the following inscription: “ Presented to the Agricultural Department, Washington, D. C., by B. H. True, Madisen, Ga., August 30, 1867.” The bale has been deposited in the museum of the department. THE COTTON WORM. We give plaee to the following letter upon a subject which is of deep in- terest to cotton growers at this time: ; Pike Co., Miss., August 31, 1867. Dear Sir: In compliance with your request, I herein give the result of my observations on the cotton worm; but as they were confined to the third generation, it would possibly be as well to give also a brief account of the first appearance and progress of the two preceding generations. The first notice of the worms was in the latter part of June or early in July, when they appeared in small patches in the fields. There was considerable controversy then whether they were really the cotton worm or the so-called grass worm, but the second brood coming about the latter part of July, convinced the most skepti- cal of the melancholy fact that they were the genuine cotton worm. The third generation commenced eating on the 25th of August. if i * I think the last generation, coming in such numbers, eat the cotton before the majority arrive at maturity, but the few that do mature, finding no cotton upon 289 which to deposit their eggs, lay them on trees, grass, &e. The cold weather soon sets in and prevents their being hatched, and it is not until the warm days of spring come that the worm comes out. The number of worms hatched would be necessarily small, as numbers of eggs would be lost from various causes, cold, ac.) °'* in * The moth or fly belongs to the nocturnia tribe of the moth family. They commence their flight at sundown or a little before, and continue until 10 or 11 o’clock, darting with a quick zigzag motion from one stalk to another, nearly always selecting the tallest and most vigorous plants on which to deposit their eggs. I have not been able to form any cor- rect estimate of the number of eggs laid by one individual, but have counted nearly 500 squeezed from one. e id * On the 5th day of this month I placed ten well-grown worms in a vase and kept them well supplied with food. On the 9th and 10th they quit eating and seemed indisposed to move. On the 10th and 11th they commenced webbing by drawing a web from one side of a leaf to the other very tight, which caused the leaf to bend or curl a little; they then drew another a little tighter, and so on until the leaf was bent so as to form a tube, inside of which they placed themselves and lined it with a fine delicate web. Some I did not allow to have a leaf; they suspended themselves from a stem and commenced a slow spiral motion, and in about twenty-four hours had assumed the pupa state, being en- closed in a horny covering, through which the rudimentary wings and legs could be seen ; those inside the leaf undergoing the same changes. * x On the 17th the fly emerged from the pupa state, but was weak and hardly able to fly for about twenty-four hours. On the 20th, and possibly 19th, they com- menced to lay, and on the 24th the first worms made their appearance, but were too small to be seen without the aid of a glass. They grew very slowly for the first three or four days, but after that very rapidly, eating several times their own weight every day. ‘hey seem to eat more in the evening and in the morning than any other time; in fact, it is rare to see them eat during the day They have now, the 1st of September, almost attained their full size. I think my dates and figures are correct, as I took every precaution. The stalk of cotton on whith my flies laid their eggs grew in the garden until the first of this month, when I transplanted it to a jar, since which time it has been in the house and under a mosquito bar ‘where all the flies and worms were kept. When I put itin the jar 1 brushed and examined every leaf, and if there had been any eggs on them they would have surely hatched before the 20th, or certainly before the 25th. I allowed no one to go into the room. I think if there was any systematic course pursued by the planters, the cot- ton could be in a great measure protected. Suppose the planters in every neighborhood should keep a strict look-out in the spring, and as soon as the first worm appears give the alarm, and then examine and destroy all that could be found, continuing the examination from week to week and destroying all while worms, or as soon as they are webbed up. I think they could be all killed in this way, or at least held in check. It would be useless for one planter to do this, as the worms would fly from one place to another, but if all would act to- gether some good could surely be done. We know the fly lays at least 500 eggs; now for every worm of the first generation destroyed we cut off 250,000 from the third. The labor of killing the worms is not as great as it would seem at first sight, as they are not scattered over the field, but are found in patches until they increase so as to cover all. There are several other peculiari- ties of the worms I have neglected to mention ; one, that when touched, instead of curling up, as most worms do, they suddenly contract at the two extremities and spring several inches. My ideas may be wrong, but the figures are not. Very respectfully, JAMES M. FERGUSON 290 THE GRASSHOPPERS. A correspondent at Pleasant Ridge, Kansas, sends the following sketch of the western grasshopper or locust: “These grasshoppers, or mountain locusts, as many call them, made their ap- pearance in the western part of Kansas late in August, or about the beginning of September, 1866. The first intimation had here of their approach was the delay of the eastward-bound train from Fort Riley and Manhattan on account of the immense numbers of insects crushed on the track, thereby destroying the friction of the driving wheels. About the 27th of the same month they made their appearance in eastern Kansas, progressing at the rate of from five to ten miles a day, or according to the velocity of the wind in the direction they travel. Their general course seemed to be from the northwest to the southeast. A con- trary wind greatly impeded their progress, and when a strong breeze had to be overcome, they could not make any progress at all in their favorite direction, but generally remained on the ground rather than attempt to proceed, and spent their time in consuming everything accessible in the vegetable line. « They travel in the air like bees, some flying at an immense height, as can be seen on a clear day by looking toward the sun. When first appearing in any certain locality it is in the manner of a cloud, the insects descending to the earth like dropping rain. They commence at once devouring all vegetable sub- stances in their way, showing, of course, a preference at first. Vegetables pos- ‘sessing the property of sweetness in any great degree, as green corn, sorghum, ete., escape till all others in the vicinity are consumed. But everything of an -acid or sour taste, as cabbage, or rhubarb, (pie-plant,) as well as bitter and even hot substances, as tobacco, and red or cayenne pepper, are especial favorites. The tenderest vegetation is always destroyed first. Our fine crops of fall wheat were completely eaten up in the space of two or three hours. «This insect is one of the varieties of the locustide and is doubtless the most destructive one known in this country—not only on account of its habit of appearing in such immense numbers, but because of its exceeding voracjousness. It is known to eat nearly everything of the vegetable kind, even to the dry bark on trees, and dry lint of seasoned fencing plank, as well as dry leaves and paper, all kinds of cotton goods and woollen clothing, and I have even seen a flock of sheep literally covered with them, devouring the wool. “Soon after these insects came upon the ground they concentrated along the roads and upon any bare earth they could find, preferring the short vegetation common to such places to the hard prairie grass. In such situations and in cultivated fields the most of their myriads of eggs were deposited. They con- tinued laying till the severe winter weather killed them. The eggs were de- posited to the depth, generally, of one inch; although in loose earth where vegetable roots were found some were placed as far down as ten to twelve inches, according to the length of the root, which was followed down and devoured, the grasshopper emerging after having laid its eggs. “On north hill-slopes the process of hatching was much retarded. It was supposed by the people generally that the severe winter would utterly destroy the posterity of these creatures in this vicinity ; but it did not, as the develop- ments of spring fully testified, though perhaps not more than one-fourth of the ‘eggs withstood the weather and produced grasshoppers. Some of them com- ‘menced hatching as early as the last of February, when there were afew warm days which brought forth those lying on the top of the ground. In March the weather was so severe that a large proportion of the remaining eggs perished, the thermometer frequently indicating 18° below zero. Judging from the voraciousness of those that did appear, I doubt not Kansas would have been ‘made a perfect desert if all had lived. 291 “ About the 10th of April the young grasshoppers began to appear in myriads, and farmers grew alarmed. Some, however, went on with their work, remember- ing that ‘it is God who giveth the increase ;’ while others showed a disposition to wait. I was among the latter, but the former course resulted favorably in most localities, though in Salt Creek Valley, where the best farms of the State are located, not only are the ordinary grains devoured, but the finest timothy and blue grass meadows are entirely killed out. Farms lying next to timber and brush, however, fairly escaped, owing to the supply of vegetation thus afforded, and the constant fright given to the insects by workmen. When once driven from a place they scarcely ever voluntarily return, as I demonstrated this spring in saving a garden and potato patch. This was done by taking bushes and driving the grasshoppers out at about 11 o’elock a. m., and again at near sun- set. They are very destructive during the night, and should always be driven off before sunset. «T first noticed these insects on the wing this season on the 27th of June at Fort Leavenworth, when I saw a large number above the tops of the trees fly- ing off in a southeasterly direction. Upon leaving the egg they are of a milky white color and very tender. When they first began to appear jn the spring the cool nights destroyed many. Indeed, during the entire time they have been constantly dying by millions; those that remained alive devouring the dead carcasses with the utmost avidity. “No general damage has been done in the State this year by the grasshop- pers, but some localities have suffered extensively. As before remarked, as soon as they had developed wings they left us, apparently governed in their course by the wind. We are now quite free of them, and nearly as good crops will be raised as usual. It is thought here that they are natives of southwest- ern Texas and of Arizona, where these doubtless came from. “Yours, respectfully, “W. EF. GOBLE.” ; : ABORTION IN COWS. The following has been received from A. Loomis, of Little Falls, New York, who deems Dr. Parker’s views on the “disgusting and filthy practices to in- crease their milk,” as charged upon dairymen, to be incorrect and slanderous : “In your monthly report for March, under the head ef Abortion, you quote from Dr. S. J. Parker, of Tompkins county, New York, his views of the causes of that scourge of the cheese dairymen in this region. The doctor evidently knows nothing about it, and has formed his facts to suit his theory. Calves are not killed before they have sucked; and cows are not doctored or drugged to increase their milk. The Farmer’s Club of this place has for several years past made this subject a speciality. The investigations extend to thous- ands of cases, and the correspondence with intelligent and observing farmers, who have seen and suffered from the disorder, and with men of science, has been long continued and extensive, endeavoring to find a cause or a cure. The State Agricultural Society has now undertaken the investigation, and has pro- curred an appropriation from the legislature, and is about to send several scientific men into the dairy regions to make a thorough investigation, in ad- dition to that of the Farmer’s Club of this place.” FROM DENMARK. W. Marsh, esq., consul at Altona, writes to this department, under date of July 27, as follows : “Nearly all the early kidney potatoes were affected, and now that the round 292 ones are coming in we see signs of the disease in them. The weather for the last thirty days has been rainy, and the late hay and clover crops have been gathered in very bad condition. « Rye and buckwheat look well all over Holstein; both promise a heavy crop if the weather comes favorable to gather them. «The disease called trichina still lingers among swine in parts of Schleswig- Holstein, and causes sickness and death to all who eat the flesh in a raw condition. «There is no rinderpest, I believe, within this district at present, although one hears of cases occasionally in the interior of Germany, particularly southward ; but here, where the heaviest and greatest number of oxen are fattened for the English market, the disease has not appeared.” METEOROLOGY. JULY AND AUGUST, 1867. Correction —By an oversight in our July number, the table was headed “July ;” it was for June, only. A prediction.—The following note was received by due course of mail, soon after its date, and was preserved as requested. It will be seen by examining our table and the succeeding notes for August, that the cold wave exceeded in extent the writer’s caleulations—extending over the eastern and middle States, and away down south, as well as over the northwest : “ BOWLING GREEN, OuI0, July 25, 1867. “Dear Sir: From observations made by me on the electric and magnetic currents, followed by a change of air, I predict a cold current of air through this northwest country between the 27th and 30th of August, proximo. I think there will be frost in some places, unless clouds iutervene. Please keep this note until the 30th of August next, and see if I am right in the prediction. “JT remain truly yours, “JOHN CLARKE. «“ Hon. J. W. STOKES, “Acting Commissioner of Agriculture.” oOo 5 On August 31, Mr. Clarke wrote: “'The expected electric magnetic current passed here at about 2 a. m. of the 28th, followed by other and similar waves, and succeeded by northwest winds, and on the morning of the 30th we felt a frost,” 293 JULY AND AUGUST, 1867. Table showing the highest and lowest range of the thermometer, (with dates pre- Jixed,) the-mean temperature, and amount of rain, (in inches and tenths,) for July and August, 1867, at the following named places. The daily observa- tions were made at 7 o'clock a. m. and at 2 and 9 p.m. [Compiled in the Department of Agriculture from the reports made by observers for the Smithsonian Institution. ] JULY, 1867. AUGUST, 1867. States and places. | “2 | = yr ax. in. Max. Min. |Mean 2 Date temp Date. tome. | Rain. - | temp. Date. temp.| temp. Rain. re ° ° ° ° ° In Steuben. .-........ 3, 16 84 31 80 31 50 | 66.4 | 8.80 Meese ee Scone 16, 24 86 27 50 29 | 3. 8&7 31 52 | 65.7 5. 10 Williamsburg...... 115, 16,24) 82) 21,26 5S GAT |S GUAPO o.oo eee Se cca mele ache omer eee re West Waterville... 24 90 | 19,20 86 31 51 | 70.3 | 6.90 Gardiner 5 -- .4<.\.<. 24 86 20, 31 : 81 31 54 | 68.2) 8.49 mice 24 BSilEs-tsccs\ecseen WO! [Sa Vocce le codan pen eaaee eu ee 7. 76 Standign, 2225... 24, 25 89 31 89 | 30,31 53 | 69.9 | 9.10 Rumford Point. .---. 24 87 sil 86 3L 45 | 67.5 | 5.10 Gomishe 2-5 2.5. 24 88 21 86 31 46 | 68.5 | 9.00 Cornishville ......- 24 88 21 84 31 48 | 69.5} 9.13 fei ARE SECS eS erred Baemo aoc] cose e 3 OD oh Rae ee MO aa le 68:35) Te 71 NEW HAMPSHIRE. Stratford: =--"----- 24 90 31 88 31 41 | 66.0 | 5.46 North Barnstead. - -}: 24 88 31 86 30 52 | 69.1 | 7.86 Claremont... -...-.. 24 90 31 86 31 42 | 68.4 | 5.87 JS TES Ne TE SE el er sao ane = aed ee bs Sy (il | 2s a ae = Se RE Se Seo 67.8 | 6.40 VERMONT. Lunenburg....-.-..- 23 92 |13,14,15, 95 30 30 | 64.7 | 4.56 16,17 North Craftsbury - - 24 87 | 30,31 92 31 cS al Pe SA Randolph -.....-.- 24 89 | 14, 22 88 31 48 | 67.7} 4.90 Middlebury.-.....-- 24 84 13 80 31 48 | 68.3 | 4.25 Brandon ......---- 28 92 19 i BY Bee ee eee) ase Ghee cc) sec oy ook Barnet. =<... -<--= 24) 100 Eee) 42 O |) 300) ua o.cec cle ccc cols Sonanss [so se eee cee eee EG CEADONL mah oe aeern ce lemad safe aoe a aeeI eee PEERS) |i dc.0% |cwncemsine|becoa=|v saece== Li Sue 66.9 | 4.57 MASSACHUSETTS. Kaneston. ac -2a- = 4 &8 13 88 31 50 | 70.1 | 8.65 Topsfield......-... + 92 |19, 20, 21 90 31 55 | 71.3 | 9.21 Lawrence ......--- 4 88 | 20, 21 85 31 48 | 69.1 |..---. Georgetown ......-. 4 88 | 13,21 85 31 45 | 69.0 |.----- Newbury...--..--. 28 91 Pil S54) 4 Oe Soe ae a oS See ees ee cie Miilteniersaaes - = os - q 94 21 88 31 46 | 69.4 8. 75 North Billerica ---. 25 89 21 86 31 AS) |) "Thi 2 emer West Newton ..... 4 99 1, 21 94 31 54.) 75. 2 Olas New Bedford .....- 25 82 21 81 31 53 | 70.6 | 5.56 IDG:5- ae. sae 7 89 21 84 31 54 | 72.1] 6.42 Worcester.......-. 4 88 21 84 31 51 | 69.4 | 10.79 294 Table showing the range of the thermometer, &¢., for July and August—Cont’d. JULY, 1867. AUvuGuUST, 1867. States and places. , ° . Date. pat Date. hat ea Rain. | Date. cae Date. ae MASSACHUSETTS— Continued. is a 2 Th a " Mendonic s.2:5<1- 24, 28 94 13 51 | 69.3 | 2.40} 6,7,8, 90 30 46 9,18 Nicholspe-eece=== == 24 95 | 15,31 SON OOS |. ee. i} 95 31 44 Geneva 2.20.sces- 24 94 13 55 | 70.9 | 2.64 18 93 30 50 Rochester --....... 24 90 |9, 13, 14 56 | 69.2 | 3.54 18 91 30 49 Rochester Univ’ty. 24 89 9 56 | 69.4 | 3.56 18 90 31 49 Little Genesee..... 24 93 | 14,17 48 | 67.4 | 3.30 6 91 31 37 295 Table showing the range of the thermometer, §v., for July and August—Cont’d. JULY, 1867. AuGuSsT, 1867. States and places. . Date. oe Date. cee, pee Date. ae NEW YORK—Con’d. x a fs “i Friendship ......-. 24} 90 17 |) WG eens aS: |. 8. oe Sa al Suspension Bridge.}| 23} 100 14 54 | 70.5 30 46 Buffalo. ......---. 27| 90 13] 54] 71.8 | 1.54 30} 50 J DATE SANG SESS Ss Uae OeBpees - Sees PAA es 92850) | Se) | SOE) ees | eee NEW JERSEY. Paterson .......--- 4,28] 94 19,15,18] 60} 71.7 31] 48 Newark :.2..,..... 4,25] 88 19} 56 | 70.9 31| 50 New Brunswick ... 4} 90 19| 58 | 71.9 31] 55 Trenton......-...- 4} 92 10} 63 | 77.5 31] 58 Burlington ........| 4,28] 88] 16,19] 62| 728 31] 55 eorontaurrt. see «||: 0: ee CR Me ee aes ek 31 56 Mount Holly :..-.. 4} 89 19| 60] 71.7 31} 51 Seaville .........-. 3 |} 95:1} 15, 20, |} 62s) 7ar3 13h) 62 21, 22 Doveri... ..i..--- 4} 89 13.}| 56 | 70.7 30| 53 Readington...-.--- 4H SO2S AA TON GO) WBsOr lea a) 5 4 BB [ts =e cel ae ae Peed 17,19,22 Haddonfield ....... 4} 92 15| 58 | 72.4 31, 51 Greenwich +22... .. 28} 91 15| 59| 74.8 31] 53 SS cad seaeaes Brame Reais Semataeal [said or (Saba 30,31 | 56 Bega 2 Abs 23, 25 PE VRT ROME ce nate | ani ne asi omen well Season ds lmeece Wich (el ale) a hs ee ee ee 78.8 TENNESSEE. Tusculum College- 25 89 9 Gan Fos |are son = 1 a2 88 31 57 | 74.0 Lookout Mountain. 25 91 15 (2) her A Beeee 13 89 2 67 | 7.9 Clarksville :....... 11, 25 89 "30 63 | 74.7 | 4.05] 18, 26 88 30 58 | 74.5 Prank. «ic ssa = 11 88 21 Giclee el 12 93 30 60 | 77.7 7A EE SES ELE eee peor | decane 4 sence 7 OT Ie SC es Se beeen keels 76. 0 KEN TUCKY. Chilesburg .. ...... 2 94 10 54 | 75.0 | 5.83 | 12,13 96 31 90) c= dsc Lowisville, 22222... 24 94 10 53 | 75.4 | 3.54 18 95 30 50 | 76.1 AVOIS SON. - =< — =| telcem vinta free cictal| sees =n [eee 753 AS Sse ena] ie Sceege | Godse 76.1 OHIO. New Lisbon ....... 24 | 100] 12,20 50 | 72.4 | 3.13 6 94 31 45) eect] ee miele Steubenville....... 24 93 17 54 | 76.7 | 3.65 18 91 31 48 | 75.4 Painesville ........ 24 87 | 13,29 59 | 70.6 | 5.19 18 86 30 52 | 70.6 Milnersville - ...--. 3 93 30 DOR ea Qe,79) | 5, sate fe ae ereria asl] Sea ciate Ab] o's oo =| /-eidsie somm ail Cleveland ......... 11, 28 91 9 54 | 71.5 | 2. 72 18} 91 30 SL | Zeek DOR Se dae te alior= 4 92 9, 10 GSP PRET |. cnn o| s dajeoces (ors Eis el (oda Appoys 10 OSB AA, i ee ee ee ee Oana ges rine’ ROULRPOORDURIR TT OIE po SPOOL Ls eo cas eae ie ee ae ieee ciel aes eee tle = elsinisisare is = SOD ON TL pues MEY fo sainjonfnunu pup ‘oy sjruno pun ‘sjv08 ‘dooyg “‘sO[OILV ‘hinsva4T, sani payug ey, fo sousynig fo nvaing 0y2 we pasndasd sy ‘syjzuow uaaas fo szsoduy ; 338 AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS OF IRELAND. The following is the official statement of the result of the annual census of Ireland, taken by the metropolitan police force: ‘The total: acreage under, all cropsin 1867 waste ---- ---ben eco - 6. ee eee 5, 458, 945 The total acreage under all crops in 1866 was (revised numbers)-..---.---.---- 5, 520, 568 Showing a decrease in the extent under crops in 1867 of ....-...----.----..--- 61, 623 The crops which diminished in area this year are: Acres. Acres. Cereals : A rs oe ee ae ee ee ers See ee Se ee 37, 282 (OG E BES Bees eRe aCe eee ee es ee at So ee 40, 283 Bere and Tye seo-je eke se ee ss cles eee ees eee At Soa 415 See Se Te) ee go 5 a a se ee 1,327 . : —_——_ 79, 307 Green crops: Potatoes. 2525 !2.5 tae cee be ce sielaelecisioe sewbcc pecs beee = cls semen 48, 808 Manceland bebtisseo. se tepe se se ene see ces Semen. eee aes 1, 357 OP ETE )B Soo Se Se ee ee a 98 4 Se 12,510 Carrots, parsnips, and other green crops..-------------..--.----- 1, 267 Wetches, an@mwape: oe pee. aae eer we-bee pene cee nehe eee ees 3, 924 67, 866 DIQRs oe wens tees ee Seeen te reeras o-oee sak neseescpeeee tha sane = =e eee 10, 402 Total decrease mijthe forézem@crpps \. 225 0se2 5 2c cee cen one pee eene seem 157,575 The crops which zncreased in acreage in 1867 are: Cereals: Barleycs 22% sty «Sales t Seca nae as Sek eceele we Soe pee ce pee eee ee eee 20, 411 Green crops: Go Rumips e225, 28s. ccc ec eae Se Ea aes 2 eee. eee eee 18, 513 Meadow anu *Cloy ert jo sew vetoed santas Aue See ee ee SS oe oe ee eee 57, 028 Petal INCteAse Of TOLCPDIRE CLUBS oe oo anno cee eee ae pele eee Hee 95, 952 Making a net decrease in the area under all crops of....-...---.-------------- 61, 623 Compared with 1866, the area under wheat decreased by 37,252 acres, oats by 40.283 acres, bere and rye 415 acres, and beans and peas by 1,327 acres. Barley increased by 20,411 acres. In green crops the area under potatoes diminished by 48,808 acres, and cabbage 12,510 acres. ‘Turnips increased by 18,513 acres. The following abstracts exhibit the acreage under each crop in 1866 and 1867, and the increase or decrease in the latter year: ABSTRACT OF CEREAL CROPS. Increase Decrease 1866. 1867. in 1867. in 1867 Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. Wiest -.2. 2 oa) epee ts ac SS se 299, 190 261-908) +4 eee eee 37, 282 Oalg e . eee S 1,699,695 1,659,412 ..4-..- 40, 283 Barley ceeecene <2 '-2- -seepe ees sees 150, 293 170,704 20,411 see Bene andiaweeeen oon ar ee eee 10, 021 OG0G) po espe 415 Beansiandigcast.-2-- -----2 apes 14, 83 PS 50G 00S see eee 1, 327, otal sere 2488 vy oe. Lee 2,174,033. 2,115, 137 20, 411 79, 307° 20, 411 Decrease injeerealeerops in 1867.) 22-2222 - 5... 2227 Jesse eee see eee 58, 896 339 ABSTRACT OF GREEN CROPS. Increase Decrease 1866. 1867. in 1867. in 1867. Potatoes ..-22s 2.1. 3. eee Baers! ie 1,050,353 1,001,545 ........ 48, 808 TMi ps <2 -)= 2a eee a= alas 317,198 330, 711 f8Y51S" see Mangel-wurzel and beet root..----.---- 20, 162 TER SOS iH Meee See, 1, 357 Cabbarets- = 335 oops eee = =) 2 36, 531 2 ae ae 12,510 Carrots, parsnips,and other green crops - 26, 738 SE 8 RA aie Ae 1, 267 Watered ad Wapersscee ee ~ =. - 22 -- 30, 623 2OS69OF Pew eeae sous 3, 924 Motel » Jota eee = 5 Ste oleh 1,481,605 1,432,252 18, 513 67, 866 18, 513 Decrease in green crops in 1867 ...........----+-----------.------.-.- 49, 353 GENERAL SUMMARY OF CEREAL AND GREEN CROPS, ETC. Acres Weeresseymrcercal Crops In) 1 SOd/ eran ane oe sete cia aee Saale were aiaete eres Sere ae( 58, 896 Weecrease iueonreen: Cropsiinht SOs = 21 -ige 3 sainye oe ee 5 eee eee brat 49, 353 WecrensesMphax, 1 LBG7 casa ossees ane an fen neteawte als aaa oe ere coe) foes 10, 402 118, 651 Increase in meadow and clover in 1867.--.--- pe [SSS st eae e ee ces sete cen 57, 028 Total decrease in the extent of land under crops in 1867 ......-..--------------- 61, 623 From the foregoing statement it will be seen that there has been a decrease of 61,623 acres in the total area of land under crops in 1867, compared with 1866. Grass has increased by 52,828 acres, fallow by 772 acres, bog and waste (unoccupied) by 13,176 acres. Woods and plantations show a decrease of 5,153 acres. — The returns of live stock for 1867, compared with 1866, show a decrease in the number of horses of 13,451; of cattle, 43,799; and of pigs, 263,381; and an increase in the number of sheep of 551,733. This increase in sheep is spread over every county in Ireland. ' The total estimated value of horses, cattle, sheep, and pigs, this year, was £35,095,224, being a decrease of £114,491, compared with 1866. Mr. Donnelly here repeats the observation made when submitting the general abstracts of tillage and live stock for last year: “There is great cause for thank- fulness to a merciful Providence that Ireland has hitherto been almost entirely free from the distressing ravages of the cattle plague, by which almost every county in England and Scotland has so deeply suffered ;” and he concludes as follows: “I have again the pleasure to state that, with scarcely an exception, the particulars given io the returns have been readily afforded to the enumera- tors by the various stock-owners and occupiers of land, which I beg to say is highly creditable to their good feeling and intelligence; and I have now to repeat my respectful acknowledgments to the landed proprietors, tenant farmers, the clergy of all denominations, and to the public press, for their continued valuable assistance with reference to the collection of these statistics.” PRICES OF ENGLISH SHEEP. Southdowns.—A large sale of this popular breed of sheep recently took place at Beddingham, England. The flock embraced nearly 700 head, and belonged to Mr. Elman, the well-known breeder of Southdowns. While the prices real- ized show a slight decline, the sales aggregated over $15,000, as follows: 500 ewes at an average of $19 84; 100 lambs at $12 87; 25 rams at $71 18; 15 rams at $124 60. Five full-mouthed ewes brought $50 each, and five $42 50 , 340 each; five shearling ewes, $32 50 each; five four-toothed ewes, $26 25 each ; five six-toothed ewes, $43 75 each; five ewe lambs, $18 75 each. The rams ranged from $56 to $336, and the ram lambs at from $35 to $301. Shropshires. At a recent ‘“ram-letting” at Uffington, Mr. Evans’s highly- commended shearling at Bury St. Edmunds was let to Mr. Masfen for $595. The first prize shearling from the same flock to Mr. Beach for $420; the second prize to Mr. Horley for $315; Mr. Mansell’s prize two-shear to Mr. Smith for $539. Lord Chisham also hired Mr. Smith’s highly-commended sheep at Bury for $280. Mr. Crane let two shearlings for $280 and $252 respeetively. The Uffington three-shear sheep, the third prize at the royal meeting, was also said to be let for $665. At the sale of Mr. Masfen’s Shropshire sheep at Pendeford, 50 rams averaged over $75 each, prices running as high as $280 for the best. Seventy-five stock ewes and theaves were sold in lots of five at figures ranging from $13 75 to $39 25 each. THE ENGLISH WHEAT HARVEST. The wheat yield of England is light this year. As threshing progresses, the deficit becomes more apparent. The quality is variable, the weight running from fifty-five to sixty-four pounds, much of it under sixty pounds per bushel. The deficiency will be greater than at first supposed. The imports into London for four weeks in September were 1,318,592 bushels, against 474,840 bushels during the same time last year. The entire imports of the United Kingdom for the four weeks ending September 14, were 2,998,037 ewt. wheat, and 184,297 ewt. flour. Russia, as heretofore, furnishes the larger portion. France will also be in the wheat market for large purchases this year. Any surplus the United States can furnish will be taken in Europe, at rates remu- nerative to our farmers. ‘ THE WHEAT TRADE OF THE WORLD. A recent French calculation gives the price of wheat per quintal in various countries and at various points, as follows: France, 35f. 59c.; Algiers, 32f.; Bona, (Algeria,) 34f. 50c.; Brussels, 38f ; Antwerp, 34f.; Bruges, 40f.; Namur, 37f.; Cologne, 34f.; Frankfort, 31f; Rotterdam, 42. 85¢.; Geneva, 33f. 50c. ; Turin, 31f.; Liverpool, 36f. 25c.; London, 37f 75c.; St. Petersburg, 26f. ; Odessa, 29f. 70c.; New York, 29f. 75¢e.; and Valladolid, (Spain,) 32f. 50c. The highest price would thus appear to have prevailed at Rotterdam, and the lowest at Odessa. AMERICAN WHEAT IN ENGLAND. Consul Geo. J. Abbot, of Sheffield, England, writes thus to this department concerning grain imports from this country: “It is stated in the Times that of the wheat importations during the month of August, amounting to 3,295,622 ewt., forty per cent. was supplied by Russia, and nineteen per cent. by Prussia. The United States stand next, our proportion being ten per cent., thus indicating a commencement of the promised revival of this branch of American trade. Last year, in July, the United States sent only 8,000 ewt., but in August of this year there were sent 337,224 ewt,” METEOROLOGY. [Compiled in the Department of Agriculture from the reports made by the observers for the Smithsonian Institution. ] ll SEPTEMBER, 1867. Table showing the highest and lowest range of the thermometer, (with dates pre- jixed,) the mean temperature and amount of rain, (in inches and tenths,) for September, 1867, at the following places, as given by the observers named. Daily observations were made at the hours of 7 a.m. and 2 and 9 p.m. Stations, &c. Counties. Observers. Date. bs ane Dat fe sea Rain. MAINE, iS 6 co NM Steuben: -.<. 3... Washington ..... d. Dy Parker. .2.... 19 74 19 30 55.5 | 2.60 Wise a aeae ance =~ Penobscot -....-- ‘B: Bi Towle’... .<'\. 5 74 15 34 55.1} 0.05 West Waterville....) Kennebec -...... Bebe Wibur. ss 4 75 30 35 58.21 0.78 Gardiner -. 5. ....... ACT ice Sane oe R. H. Gardiner.....- 4 69 30 38 57.1] 0.97 WGIGUOR See -niemsinicre ss Androscoggin. . “; ABaAP MOON GS tare ctas [eine sat =| sige Son ]e oe saci [eaten eainiteeere 0. 97 tant ssc e 6 a a Cumberland ..... John P. Moulton. ... 6 Citi 24 36 58.4] 2.13 Rumford Point ---.-.. Oxford 3.-- 2.520 Waldo Pettingill....| 6,29 74 24 30 57.6 | 0.85 (Gorligh'<.~<<2.-25- | York ......--.-. Silas West.-......... 5 76 24 34 57.3 | 1.26 Cornishyille ........ Hees0 eae eaeccte G. W. Guptill ....... 20 74 30 33 58.4] 0.92 PGOLB POSS cas 314 | tami cae Sapineeis -.%-5.- Arthur Chase......- 18 80 15 33 58.0] 2.10 ORES a Se yeh > 2 Ses ee a gene! apni | BP ae 57.3| 2.01 VERMONT. North Craftsbury ...| Orleans ..../....| Edward P. Wild.... 18 81 24 28 55.2} 3.56 Randolph .... .-...-- Orange’: 2... 2255 Charles S. Paine .--. 18 88 24 35 56.5} 1.73 Middlebury.....-..-- Addison) .25...4004 H. A. Sheldon....... 18 V7 27 34 56.7] 2.45 yey a | ee AE oe a ee eel (Re oa sie epettaate ail ete a0 ee MASSACHUSETTS. Tempstom-.-....---- Plymouth ......- G. S. Neweomb....| 4, 6,7, 76 30 38 61.7} 3.25 10, 18, 19 Mopsield cso. 2c25 BBO X: 5S. te ae ee S. A. Merriam .... .- 4 78 30 42 1.7} 0.50 " Werwrenco’-os.25=-lcee Ches SS aee ee John Fallon ........ 18 71D abs 38 9.2] 0.82 Georgetown.....--- Peet stein, eae S. Augs. Nelson..... 2, LGM Cau HK 40) | cise eee INGWDEEY coos ec can apee ae d0 aude ower John H. Caldwell. .- 13 81 24 37 59. Sebisaereen Malone cani.= 2 ace <= Norfolk ..-..... Rey. A. K. Teele....| 6,13 78 30 38 59.6 | 0.50 North Billerica..-..-- Middlesex -...... Rey. E. Nason.....- 18 80 24 36 C052.) lease A West Newton.......}..-. GOs eee John H. Bixby ..... PAGE fe 82 30 40 61.2} 1.10 13, 18 New Bedford ......- Bristol 3.25.6 sk Samuel Rodman.-.-..| 7,17 74 30 40 61.6 | 2.42 Worcester .........| Worcester...... «| John Cotton ........ 18 77 | 24,30 40 61.21 197 342 Table showing the range of the thermometer, &c., for September—Continued. Min. temp. JTS RS Se ACSeeopa sy soceod = 555-42 Se eesODS soos bosc96s > bodS55 ARAB aoe ee’ = Stations, &c Counties. MASS.—Continued. Mendoniiece- 52-42. Worcester ....-.-. Amherst) 92s>+~-2- Hampshire .-..-- Williams College ...| Berkshire. .....- RHODE ISLAND. Newporto5-. 026... Newport ......-- CONNECTICUT. Pomifreteeeoce bse: Windham ......- Celumbia 39.22.2552. Molland)\25-2.222 Middletown ........ Middlesex ......- PUOTOM ee: -icistcinman ss New London ... Averages NEW YORK. Moriches: ---..:-=--< Suffolkvsees --== JUWAyeco6 soseosecoe Rensselaer .. .--- Germantown ..--.--- Columbia .- .....- Garrisonisiee =< 2-5 Puinams a=. 1-0-5 Throg’s Neck....---| Westchester ..... Deaf and Dumb Inst.| New York .. .... Columpbia\@ollepe reales dO... csne o- a= Si. Xavier's Colleges|ss2ado - 2-20. meee 6] 221 WEST VIRGINIA, Romney. 2 -.----.: Hampshire ...... W. H. McDowell..-.| 18,20| 92 |11, 24,30 68.0 }-.---- Grafton s22-.- 25... MaylOt ses- sees W. 4H. Sharp, M.D . 18 96 |27, 28, 30 71.3) 0.75 CabelliC2H-. 2... Cabell cess cesee CrE Roses. ---=.- 17, 19,25; 88} 11,22 73.2 | 0.10 Averages.....- 70.8 | 0.43 344 Table showing the range of the thermometer, §c., for September—Continued. Stations, &c. Min. Mean Z temp. Rain. Observers. temp. Counties, NORTH CAROLINA. Albemarle . ........ Statesville Asheville Aiken .- FLORIDA, Jacksonville - ..-... Port Orange MISSISSIPPT. Grenada - <2: .------ atelier, ss=2-)2522=- TENNESSEE. Tusculum College -- Lookout Mountain- - @larkaville....i..2.. OHIO, New Lisbon Steubenville . ...... Wea s ete E. W. Adams, A. M.. 30 58 Se ocaeee Wum.-R. Hicks, M. D. 11, 25 60 sap acccmes Rev. F. P. Brewer- -- 30 50 Stanley Tredell John H. Cornish .... Charles Petty Barnwell -. ..---- 20 20 90 89 soehcsese W. J. Van Kirk..-../10, 20,22) 88 30 64 Bote SEE Ee J. H. Shields.-...... 20 88 1,25 68 Sees Brazoria .---..--- Hennell Stevens....) 9,15 94 | 24,29|- 7 McLellan........ Edw. Merrill, M. D.- 15 98 24 62 eee aa J. Van Nostrand .... 30 94 11 65 14, 15,17 Recon a Albert Moore..... § 18, 19; 27 3 Adams =-.2<5 22 Wm. McCary ..-.---- 20 Greene: ee.s4-- S. S. and Rev. W.S. 19 Doak. Hamilton. 5s... - Rey. C.F.P. Bancroft 20 Montgomery..--.-. Prof. Wm. M. Stewart} 19 Williamson -.... Jos. M. Parker ...... 19 Shelby --.----.-..- Edw. Goldsmith... .. 19, 20 Fayette......c.<2¢ Sam’1D.Martin,M.D.} 17.18 Jefferson ......-- Mrs. L. Young...... 19, 20 Columbiana ..... Jub. Benner =: -=22 18 Jeffergon - ...... Roswell Marsh...... 20 345 Table showing the range of the thermometer, §c., for September—Continued. Stations, &e. Counties. Observers. ae Date. a Rain. oH1IO—Continued. > ie ie Cleveland ....-...-. Cuyahoga -----.- Mr. & Mrs.G. A.Hyde 88 | 27,30 39 138 WApRtel eo acsbn a5 Waynes: =... 2... Martin Winger ..-.. 92} 11,30 | 44) 68°; eee Kelley’s Island ---.. IDE a: eee se Geo. C. Huntington. 89 30 47 | 0. 84 Nona => = a-0025 ETON es 22. 5 atm Rey. A. Newton -.-. 90 S01) 3%] 0.18 Greenwich . ...+....|---- D4 Sshesoeees M. M. Marsh, M. D-. 94 30} 40 | 0. 24 North Fairfield ..... . uf ee O. Burras .....----- 94 SO) 4800S) Ga See Marien aes Marion -).- 28-44: Hi. AS True; MeDss 3: 89 30 39 | 0.61 Toledo 2-:=2.-422222 THRCAS)s.35-... s-¢4-- iehland 2) -.3-. J. MeD. Mathews - -- 88 30.) 42) 0. 30 Behe 2 Jason. Clermont......-. Geo. W. Crane...-.- 93 30 40 | 0. 50: Cincinnati. ........ Hamilton........ R. C. Phillips....... 94 u| 32| 0.65 College Hill .--...-. s-e00Oe de eet Ss John W. Hammitt -- 97 30 BEN eee th aa —— IAW OVABOS 9-62 --|5-US2. 2-25 Sd e essa an sees Rete coe See. cctlee 2 eee [as a8 0.73 MICHIGAN. ny, Monroe City....---. Monroe! 23.90. Miss F. E.Whelpley - 94 39 38 | er Ay State Agricult’] Col..| Ingham ......-.. Prof. R. C. Kedzie. .. 87 30 27 1. 41 Litchfield .......... Hillsdale -....... R. Bullard.........- s7| 30} 36] 1.73 Grand Rapids ...... ent .),t state. E. S. Holmes, D.D.S. 91 a0 || 36.) | Sai e Northport ---. <2... .- Leelenaw .....-. -Rey. Geo. N. Smith. &6 26 42 Teh eee Omera B22. 2 525255 Alle pane. cnwisen Milton Chase, M.D... 92 30 | 40 ro See Copper Fal’s. ...... Kewenaw .....-- Dr. 8. H. Whittlesey - 78 29 30 8.39 Ontonagon ......-.. Ontonagon .-.... Edwin Ellis, M. D. -- 80 30| 36 ils isl pe a Averages. .----.)----------20--- 2-3 [eee ene cence ese eee efe eee oc|---- eee en ae 60,3 3. 81 INDIANA. | sel LGn eo Wearbork- 5-4-2 Geo. Sutton, M.D... 97 39 43 | 0.88 Vevay ..------..-..| Switzerland ..... Chas. G. Boerner... 98 30| 42] 0.77 Mumicie!sescce: =. =-'- - Delaware -..-<.. G.W.H.Kemper, M.D 92 30 49 | 0.25 Spiceland ....-.--.. Henry 252202 2403 William Dawson ... 93 30 42 | 0.59 Mero. s2ce2cee= 64 Sullivans 245-55 Thos, Holmes --..--..- a9 30 45 | 2.70 New Harmony...---- IPOROY < Jemiseis =o John Chappellsmith- 99 30} 50 | 0. 65: Averages 82 ade) |- Pesan paps santol| Oost: ASRS acc ete Ss Cee lee Seae les eae | 0. 96: ILLINOIS. | fs : @higsep eso. jee Gaak- 23-4. 3-268 Samuel Brookes .-.. 97 30 | 50 re Oe Daeasee «ceo 8 Be PEE Sao J.G. Langguth, jr.. 92} 11,30] 51 0.57 Golconda..--..----- Pane. 5-6 ae W.YV. Eldredge....- 98 22 50 0. 60 Aurora =: aa 2 == aes Wane. --2-22-- 65 A. &E. D. Spaulding 88 30 42 | 2. 54 Sandwich -.-------- Dekalb) o-.---!-/ N. E. Ballou, M. D.. 91 30 38 1. 80 Ottawdoscee os Hees Ww ale! des 2-4 Mrs. E. H. Merwin -. 96 39 44 0.11 Winnebago..--.-.--- Winnebago..---. J. W. & Miss Tolman 99 30 34 1. 53: Hennepin ---------- iPoinam. 32. 2< Smiley Shepherd ... 93 30 Sel 6k) Obl. sk aee Bochellee s2--54-- Ogloess s-sesss-< Daniel Carey....... 92 30 36! 64.0 |.-... © Wyaneti-i-<-2--.4-+ Boreatas5-.---5~ E. 8S. & Miss Phelps. . 91 30 40 1. 36 Tisksil was see=- -- ee |e ae hi OYier es See Verry Aldrich .....- 88 30 36 | 6&2) geeere Bilmiral ese soe e SL ee eee O. A. Blanchard ..-.. 90 30 39 0. 82 IPeoriat eee eee = Peoria ---..----- | Frederick Brendel -- 92 30 45 0. 60 Springfield ..--..--. Sangamon....-.- G. M. Brinkerhoff - - - 98 30 43 | (O723.\ceueee Loami..... Sera == -(4e5 5 CO esi pe cera soy: Timothy Dudley. -.. 94 30 37 | 6942" | Sa ee Waterloo. .......--- Wionvoess.ce5- 5 15 RS Hil yr)u i 95 | 10,30 Oo: aae leaeees 346 Table showing the range of the thermometer, &c., for September—Continued. | Stations, &c. Counties. Observers. Date. aa Date. seo ILLINOIS—Cont’d. ° ) Galesburg .......-.. Gite: eee ee a = Prof. W. Livingston. 19 88 30 43 Manchester .... ..-. Scott. - 25-20-00 | Dr. J. & C. W. Grant 19 91 i 51 Mount Sterling ..--. Brown -o5-----6 Rey. A. Duncan. ---. 16, 17,19} 90 30 46 PS GEA UT ir ee Rock Island ...-. E. H. Bowman, M, D. 17 92 39 49 AMIPUB EAS oa ni 1 con == Hancock? ~-.0- 5. S. B. Mead, M. D.-.-. 19 88 30 34 WNashvilles--.--5. 5. - Washington -..-. | Ghopessassaccadeshes 14,9 93 11 42 RAY CRASOR = o> ate ose sep anaa ee cmeis REPS Seb ae domaccn) lO 2a Seon sasmso oe 7000 eeeese WISCONSIN. Manitowoc ........- Manitowoc ...... | Jacob Mei) Pas sosece 24 el 30 36 Plymouth .......... Sheboygan .....- | G. Moeller......---. 17| 88 30] 32 Milwaukee .....---- Milwaukee .....-. I. A. Lapham, LL.D 17 91 30 4) @° Eo gS aes I5) | etO tes acini Carl Winkler, M. D. lyf 91 30 41 Geneva <-25.6.----- Walworth .. .... Wm. H. Whiting. ... 17 90 39 4) Delavan--------.--- = dsdie g--909854- Leveus Eddy ....... 19 88 30 34 Waupacca.......1. Waupacea .. .... H.C; Mead. —-- <= 17 85 30 35 Embarrass -.-.----- elec MOnieeeasae ees E. Everett Breed - -- 17 90 | 30 30 Bdgerton--s-- + «..- ¢ Ro eee eee LI. SHINLZ a nenpse oe 28 98 Q7 38 Baraboo... -....... Saukossocmceces MS OS Waltee ena 19 98 29 35 Appleton: ---~ ).-=: Outagamie ...... John Hicks......... 6, 16, 17 86 | 10 4) AVELAPBS =.) 38-1 See. ee ace b asic ecto Sees eee Ae ts aco Scan BaCeee | MINNESOTA. Bt MAUS aera olan sas inh \a sae eee | Rey. A. B. Paterson - 16 81 9 4) Minneapolis .-....-. Hennepin -...... Wm. Cheney -.....- 16 83 9 44 SHUG ceasSscsgsqse Bibleyecees= =. C. W. & C. E. Wood- 17 87 ; 1,9, 10 34 bury. 1h en OTe eee ae BrOW -= o> 5 se= Charles Roos ..-.-.--- 16 86 3) 47 PART AC eral Pees (ke da 2 ee A ee ees AL eb ts ele KOWA. | SChiiton=. = 2st... = 2 Clintons: --. =<. Dr. J. P. Farnsworth 17 93 30 42 Davenport ......... Scotties meses Sydney Smith ...... | 16,17 85 39 42 PDUDUGUC.- =~ 2-5-1 Dubuaue - ..-..-- Asa Horr, M.D..-... | 16 7 30 42 Monticello . ........ JONES >. cos vesceis M. M. Moulton .....- 16) & 30 38 Fort Madison ....... Ce ee Daniel McCready...; 17] 90 30| 37 Guttenberg-......-. Clayton. 2-2. --- Jas. P. Dickerson ...| 15,17 86; 10,30 3 “USP Eee eeeoeoe ae O's soasece=r. Jno. M. Hagensick .. 16 88 30 42 Mount Vernon...... inns 2222-22-50 Prof. A. Collins ..... 16, 17 "86 30 41 KowaCity --....--.. Johnson --.-.--.. Prof.Theo.S.Parvin.| 16,17 87 30 43 Independence . ..... Buchanan ....... Geo. Warne, M.D ..| 15,16 88 30 42 Waterloo e=-- ----.. Black Hawk..... Abs (Sit2 20) Spee 16, 17 86 10 40 Marble Rock -.-.-...- Floyd ---- -2--== 226/200 ae 16 82 | 10,30 44 Alponaieesens ss. -- OSS H sae cee P. Dorweiler . ...... 28 85 19, 26, 29 43 OMe 500.556 650SCR Oee (i ea Beesniase James H. Warren...} 16,28 83 | 26,30 46 Dacotah-.25--.5.6-+ Humboldt ,.--..-.- Wn. D. Atkinson. ../15, 16,28) 85 6 36 Fontanelle - ........ Adair. . jen oer A. F. Bryant. ....... 16 87 10 42 Fort Dodge. .-....... Websters... -..255 C. N. Jorgensen. .--- 16 87 9 42 PUVELAP OS sae seo e emetic ncaa: 3:56 chap ee pe beclee ccs 9a pe acheter cine | tenes fete eeeeeaee ae nee Rain. ° In. 65.6} 0.94 70:3 1, rod 70.2} 0.00 66:4 leeeeee 69.1 1.78 ia. 1 0.12 ~~ 67. 9 0.95 59.6 | 2.85 60.0) 5.69 62.1 1. 46 61.8 1, 84 Alert 6) || 5 ae 62.0 1, 24 60:7 Aeneoue 58.3 | 2.€8 6323 |. a5=.<05 67. 0 1, 00 6328 ener 61.6. 2. 30 | 57. 4 oD. 1h 69.5 5. 09 g0.7| 1.61 | | 64.4| 3.61 60.8 4.13 69.4 | 1.83 64.9 | 9.06 64.8 | 3.58 63.7 Pd 75} 67. 0 ie Cif eel We ieeseseees 645Galeeee = Go. tee ae 66.8 | 4.62 58. 6 3. 00 C5) Dh) aes 620M Veen == 1 i Ha see 62507) seme 614 teoeee 63.9 | 4.13 63.2] 2.43 ~63.6| 3.62 SS 347 Table showing the range of the thermometer, §c., for September—Continued. Stations, &c. Counties. Observers. MISSOURI. IMENOIB alee tors icia= Se Mowe. -.:-.. | G. Engelmann, M. D. Aienton. 3 ...--5--:)oss Ut 2: --Seeeee A Bendlen= cs... =: Hermitage.......-.. Hickory......... Miss Belle Moore ... Rolla. 2 -.2<.- ssceens 1203 Ee H. Ruggles ..--..--- Harrisonville .....-- (eS eS oeeoosnc John Christian... --- US Re ee el Oe ee RCE IS o- CSeer Soe tece Seine! anormal KANSAS. : AtGhison) <2 <'s)0i=- Ss 5 - Atchison) . 4 7 « t d 4 j 4 : : ‘4 rf y Shy > sf as biel a iiadion tt lay MONT Piey REPORT. WasuineTon, D. C., December, 1867. Sir: I herewith report, for publication, the following matter, presenting an epitome of the facts and statements received, digested, and collated in the months of November and December, in the statistical division, including articles under captions as follows: Condition of crops for November, with tables; Extracts from correspondence; Wheat in Nebraska; Popular fallacies concerning wool; Greensand marl as a manure; Rinderpest; Immigration; Southern industry; Receipts of wheat; Pork packing; Trade with San Francisco; Los Angeles county, California; Composition and feeding value of straw; Hungarian agricul- ture; British cotton trade; Irish butter; Agricultural returns of Great Britain ; Movement of live stock; Dog tax in England and Scotland; California items; Facts from various sources; Meteorology. Respectfully, J. BR. DODGE. Hon. Horace Capron, Commissioner of Agriculture. 356 | CONDITION OF FARM CROPS. Estimates of most of the principal farm crops have heretofore been given. The severe drought of the central portions of the west modified somewhat the expectations of early summer, while the fine fall weather of the south tended to enlarge the prospective returns of cotton planters. Corn.—The following are estimates from department and all other accessible data of the corn crop of 1867 in the several States. It will be seen that the fig- ures are actually less than those in 1860, notwithstanding the increase of popu- lation in many of the States, including the great corn-growing States of Llinois and Ohio. The total, 775,820,000, is about 53,000,000 bushels less than the total census return of 1860, which was 838,792,740 bushels. Considering the increase of population this is scarcely four-fifths of the product of that year: Bushels. Alan: RSME SS Beis wd eRe Re de tee 1, 575, 000 New Hampshire.....- pisitbie pints < eit- pistes S = ciecie eee eee 1, 413, 000 BV ERI D IN) epee ol's oc yiaticlarctaee ojo Bible watts stow eee ees Oe Cane 1, 520, 000 IMMER ICHUSE Bets a(ce2 = ein 2 Siew, oe aia bre ciatele Lie winiere «teins eee 2, 363, 000 POM GS MBIA owt a oso Bee ete be wete peice cue cise bo eee 340, 000 Conneehcut ss .foe eo se NA VOLE SEGUE. PO ee ee 2, 242, 000 Mewalionkes occ. sek Pe de bee callnsk di bel lec i ee 20, 500, 000 (NeW etneie Geico ent hmerte ii ic tei eee | ae eee 9, 730, 000 eenaey lVaAnie mike a eins SE ec cteon ivi neat aoe 30, 457, 000 De aay yas cee cia otto RAE Sate Sore a ci ches SR Terence Ree 3, 639, 000 MVRsireys| cara get tee eect SSE OU A cy ese Sie age 11, 650, 000 ECan SP ROC Sor Ue ORR ie ee UY en PN EE TD) 18, 490, 000 ING eee ao lati at Aog poees S Ve) ds wy Byahorceetes, rede ohs, Nee, cox Lol a rot Ai ante se 17, 974, 000 SG Ub Mano ling oe acc hv eels oan Shee te oe Ne ae 7, 834, 000 Gican at Sec Ss Oe eect. «ney ce. oy aie tee: Soe ic 29, 037, 000 MOD Pepa s Ned cr ek Poe ees ceats Rae eR oe a ee 2, 500, 000 BAAD ATTN PL gow soe PRA ce onstee & che ta een We eee een 35; 500, 000 ATES TASTE) 0) Lapa ene Mae ERE oae ages nage 8 es a rae ag UA Rua 19, 657, 000 ESO PUE UTC AS ie Sep RMN yee Re tans ira Rima ue i 9, 535, 000 ESTES 5 SUE PAE Mra eaMOOS SONY sai RO Pied PR ae TROPPO BNE cy 20, 716, 000 PACA TI SRS REI ee er cee ee aS Sees a Ue Sele A Ge 21, 243, 000 ACR TICRSCE TNE ee crite eee as ea een Th RL ety eu ae 50, 250, 000 Romie ayiety ty estates eon a ee kee ee amet fe x cia ceu lle he UNE 46, 550, 000 IMSS (OEE He 5 yates ea Wi Oe RRC cesta See 50, 437, 000 OG ho f0y fire eR A Rng SA aa Ld 2) ON | A ed 109, 091, 000 ndianaysee ete che ile Yo bata Oem 80, 757, 000 Ohio Se A ee Se J” 3 a ee 64, 000, 000 Michigan Saeco cate MRCS SS. 6.5 6 5 cee ea 15, 118, 000 PVE SCONBIM w/c eee ees eee Pes osc a ee cena 9, 885, 000 WR aS cg cnc Che eR a So SR ae ae 53, 333, 000 ETT AALS Po. 5, ae See ea ee ec ow ie et Nea eee 8, 159, 000 (Manmesota.- ©... 2 irs. phe Ae oo ce ee ee ee Ofer ois Lye ech Oo aT ae ee 2, 325, 000 MOS Tie Si OE a Se ee ce ofa 6, 500, 000 Pacnrevotates and Territories! pepe. - = .02 tos. sone 7, 000, 000 CUCM ck nse 212i Sy ES . oe alee eee eee 775, 820, 000 Cotton.—The returns relative to cotton indicate fully twenty per cent. aggre- gate increase over the crop of last year. The actual crop of 1866, as sold and shipped, (making due allowance for receipts of the previous crop and amount not 357 sent forward on the 1st of September, 1867,) was very nearly 1,900,000 bales. while the estimate of this department, in October, 1866, was 1,835,000 bales, That crop was one of the most unfortunate ever grown—reduced by cold, wet weather in spring, drought in summer, insects, floods, frosts, and other casualties ; otherwise it would have reached two and a half millions of bales. In South Carolina and Georgia, particularly, the breadth of cotton was much enlarged last spring, while in Mississippi it was slightly diminished. As a whole, the acreage was somewhat increased. While the casualties of this season have been fewer, and successful growth more general, many drawbacks have occurred in various localities, as shown in “extracts from correspondence” elsewhere ; but the season for picking has proved exceedingly favorable, the weather having been fine, and killing frosts long deferred. The total estimate, made in view of all the department data, as well as outside information, is placed at 2,340,000 bales. It will be seen that Texas has done less than should have been expected, and many may regard 200,000 bales as still too high, both for her Red river and Gulf coast outlets. The following are separate estimates by States: Bales. par iAP APOLITIA: | wi]. Mcechege te cfeosucbiete Sb ks Gas ibe ch cece Uke eee ae 150, 000 Stee PE ATO LITA ‘a whe, acter spe ake. cis aote alls else aiala od Sem oekh ckrce hee 225, 000 SoS TES 8 MRNA i Fe alin eS a Die et Ri Re a RO Ra ee 390, 000 TEN Vaan a aiieaRal Mh De, Wt ne AY ak ies SiS ER a aca ee Weems A 55, 000 lah ety a ER RA A Ua! 2 BE aie eae A al Rec 375, 000 SUN STST (S00) 0) Ay MA ee, A a SES Deh hh pa apn i Ondine ~ 305, 000 Gri GS OF A I A la el aia AN Hohe Ay aid ae ee, ok Ge Wk ne BE ee 155, 000 Hh eS CVS at Nidal seal bgt alan A eet AMY es ae Atal RO Re tt Oem ROR EE TS of (5 200, 000 bavi d cary ih pie Ud A ie Sah ah Wali diog pees el AA teal ta i ee ea RL BOE 230, 000 UDINESE RC ed Rta Oe Da DOA an Ae Ie. PaO Re Ree gee eM eRe BE SD 175, 000 TCD SILL nce a cee eee che eRe Shee Te ANG 8 2 Se Oe ee PE 80, 000 Li Cyd: | Ma wn ie A ee a Re RO ey Eee oe SR 2, 340, 000 The total number of bales, as returned by the census of 1860, was 5,386,397 358 Table showing the condition of the crops, &c., on the first day of November, 1867. SORGHUM. CORN. a a o ° os Bes ek Mac: STATES, = i g 5 EE 3 oo oS Ey % Se pet hie y < Geng WING seer ao coc OME O eae see New Hampshire-...-.| 10.7 | 11.3 |------ Wermontecss-sesee LO OA AD a eee see Massachusetts.----- 10 10.4 | 9 Rhode Island -.----- o}go0) fet CO) || eae Se Connecticut ....--- TOS OSS alee oe 7 New York ..=....-~- L052} 10485), 938 New Jersey..------ 10.2 |} 10.3] 8.1 Pennsylvania ....-- 8.5] 10.1) 7.3 Delaware: 22. -.2- SRO ue Ohoulund Maryland-.<--.2--. 8 9.4] 8.4 Verpinig=-~--2.2=-2 8 i ee North Carolina - ..-. | 8.34 9.41] 10 South Carolina. ---.. | 13 RSs G39 GeOIfla 2525 525.52 2 LES 5g A656") 951 Hloridascs-2-sa<24| 13 OST -Eess Allapama, 522-224. 5: IO TS a Sagali one Mississippi-.--.---- 16.5] 11.4] 6.7 WeOWisiana pees ene ee een ee) 12 MGxas sone sinc sees 10.7 | 10.6} 9.5 Arkansas oeoe ese 19.27) 12.5 } 15.3 Tennessee --.-.---- 12 1059), 855 West Virginia... --. 8 10.3] 8.4 Mentucky--a- eeeee (oak LU Yo! MISSOUIL==5-Seceeae 112) 12 | ors Hillmoiseoncos ee ees 7 LSAS ASS Indiana =—. J. seee “aay Ul 5 Ohiopes.. o2./ 55252 6.5 | 10i6a|) bs6 Michirany i252 2c 10 19 ese Wisconsm—-=-.--=- LOPS RSs ae, Minnesota. .-......- AT 59 12a Stes WOWAPE Seer ens <= 10. 2°} 12.4 | 659 Kansas t-eeericcs+ 1255) |g Sa Nebraska! s22s-5e-2:: Aa ae 9 Quality of the same, S Ww OO = w = m0 mB © WO 2 Ww TOBACCO. POTATOES. 4 8 epg EE $ ez | 3 Soe bs a 3 < je Sep h Fats! 7a 9 8.1 9,2 Fatoy |) Cats, dees 8.7 6.5 8.7 8 i / 6 ects ZAG) 9.5 9.5 a 8.6 9.8 953 1 S10 LOM 9.9 10.7 9 12 10.5 10 8.7 11.4 | 10.9 LON, 10 ie eA 8.8 108 TIS 33) TG). 8.4 9.4 95 MOR wae 8.9 LOND; | 1: paael Wf Soe alts 829 1 1256 G595 | eit 10.4 | 11.9 7 sia LOOT MONS 1S OA ae. 9 10 Average amount of crop com- pared with 1866, Quality of the same, PEAS. compared with 1866. compared with 1866, Average amountof garden crop | Average amount of field crop 10.6 | 10 9.4 8.8 whe SRG Shr 9.4 10.2 | 10.2 100" | esse 6.5 | 10 10.2] 10.3 10 OG 9.8 9.6 US estos 10.5 9.8 9.5 8.9 she 7.8 htejal|s llO7/ 13:53\) 13:9 8.5 8.5 11. 4))|e alee 9.8} 10.5 10.6} 11 Belt aii f 15.2 | 13.6 12 LONS 10.2} - 10.2 8.8 9.3 10 10 9.7% 7 $s 9.3 9.4 9.6 10.2} 10.5 10.5} 10.3 10.6 | 10.4 10.2 | 10.1 14.3 | 10.5 35 9 Table showing the condition of the crops, §c., on the first day of November, 1867. HAY. E S ape 58 STATES, Baas) é ° = g es 2 BF 2 fs | = 3 2 1 Soret > S B= Oo a > f=! < eZ Maine@eeeese. =.=: 13525) 3935 New Hampshire ..| 12 10 iMermont =.=. ..2. 16a M086 Massachusetts....| 13.9 | 9.4 Rhode Island ---.| 12.7 | 8.3 Connecticut.----- I3s4F 1805 New, York ...-.-- 2 1054 New Jersey.----- 12.2 | 9.2 Pennsylvania ....| 12.3 | 10.5 Delaware ....---- iT oa 10 Maryland........ iileisil| AEE! Virginia. 2.2. 11 10.3 North Carolina...| 11 10.1 South Carolina...) 11 9.7 Georgia .......-. 12.8 | 10.6 Blonidaeae tis. 8 7, Alabamarc...<.. Loe LOGS Mississippi. .----. 13.6 | 12.6 Louisiana . ....-- 40 iis? Meaxasi. testis. 2 11 10.5 Arkansas ...< =.-- 1256.) 12.6 Tennessee ..----- 10.8 | 10.2 West Virginia....| 10.8 | 11 Kentucky 3235552 10.2 | 10.8 Missours222—- <2. 10, 4402 Hos pee sees dU ee ay ns ee) Indiana) 2:2233--: a A es a ie | Obie etae oe 2s 3 LASSI, ‘Michigan .......-. VU Fs}. | 9) A ee Wisconsin ...-.-. aOR Minnesota ...---. UB Pel li Towaiseee evescs ae a fy Bete ay iy lz. Kansagneszeeeees 13,27) 1226 Nebraska ........ 11.8 | 10.7 BEANS. BUCK- WHEAT _ | SUGAR- CANE, (not sorghum, FLAX, GRAPES| APPLES,| PEARS. Average amount of crop com- pared with 1866, Oe wo 10.2 = fo SM on roy 10.2 Some aw — nooo Cw ® 10 Average amount of crop com- pared with 1866, so ~ Average amount of crop com- pared with 1866. Average indicated crop com: pared with 1866. Average indicated crop com- pared with 1866. 9.8 |------|-------- 10 ‘|------|-------- 9.7 |------|-------- 9.5 |------|-------- 8.7 |------|-------- 9,2 |------]-------- 10 ‘|------|-------- Ow be Se Selisebe Gase Sell, Mesa |soencete Quon AE Mey ters copataers 10 13 5)8) aoe soce 10 14.4 11.3 Sie 7.8 10.8 10 13.6 10 BAe ea 10.9 10 Bane Or Wh sels pede Sh 10. 6 10 DSi Ses LOS 2 LUA eee eee QE Gs pete aeeereaters Se Ne tebe. soc ocose 10.1 | 10.4 10 GAS (Oe ces pe eeeScs||bose soos OE Bana) Beecee. 5: Oe) Boos ||neeac. 5- SHEN a se cal|se sea a WRG Se ooel|ssace- 52 HUM ilessoas| 652225 3 10 9.8 10 HO) () |e eae eee setae E 8 8 = ce a Bal veal Fs rg S| en aes #2 | 2a | de e¢| 22 | Fe o > o> op >= Se Ese eee) ae Tao Wiro6 eS) x sive petee th |) oI 18 | POR we LON? Bs S alate td! 9.6 6; 5y | ass 8.3 10 527i) SOND 9.7 | -Sil 9, 4 8.2). 5.4 one 9 Bee 8.5 9 Zady | WG 6.8 | 6.9 ORS 10.0 |) DR Oa Wat GED al Ga 99 LS 4} 4S26 OF OUD) | Fee aed NO ey |seetae2 8 8.7 dee 6.2 6 4,4 3.3 6.5 | 6.5 5 HORS) Meee, 8 10 9.8 8.9 8.9 | 3.6 Ae Avia deere iall lars 8.6 | 9.2 9.3 1085 12 10.6 11S) | rekon L0e 1 10.4 | 10.4] 10.9 10 ih, 2 8.7 Te eelOS7 | LOls Hc 14.7 || Maa TA BIB el ee = 1256 |.12..6 (Soo 10,9) | 1322) | SS 12.3 | 13 nh e/ 360 EXTRACTS FROM CORRESPONDENCE. COTTON. Duplin county, North Carolina.—To sum up the results of this year’s oper- ations, we have two-thirds enough corn for next year’s consumption ; one-half to two-thirds of our cotton crop goes to pay for fertilizers, and the balance is due our laborers. Cause—heavy rains, indifferent tillage, and too great eagerness to make money, the high price of cotton last spring having induced our planters to limit the breadth of land in corn and peas to barely sufficient under favorable cir- cumstances to furnish a supply for home consumption, and to increase the acreage of cotton 100 to 150 per cent. At present prices (eleven to fourteen cents per pound, net) we cannot grow cotton here, and two-thirds of the farmers of this county cannot pay expenses this year. Wake county, North Carolina.—Cotton does not pay expenses here this year. Planters are arranging for next year to plant only two-thircs of a crop, and pay only two-thirds of present wages to laborers. Bertie county, North Carolina—The decrease in our cotton crop is one-half as compared with last year, though the staple is longer. Beaufort county, North Carolina —The yield of cotton worse than was expect- ed, so many bolls were shed before maturity, Jones county, North Carolina.—It is the opinion of intelligent farmers in this and adjoining counties that the yield of cotton will be above that of last year’s crop in quantity, but with less yield per acre, as there was larger acreage than last year. Abbeville county, South Carolina.—Cotton is good, and will yield more than an average crop to the acres planted, but owing to the diminished acreage it will not reach the average crop before the war. The usual average of cotton in the seed to the acre is from 350 to 410 pounds. This year I put it at 500 pounds, or 130 pounds of lint to the acre. Since the decline in price the tax is felt to be oppressive, and if not removed or modified will greatly diminish the production another year. Carroll county, Georgia.—The cotton crop has been seriously injured by the rust, but the deficiency will not be large, so favorable has been the fall for gath- ering. The crop was gathered unusually early. The caterpillars did little harm. Spaulding county, Georgia. —Our yield of cotton per acre will, in my opinion, exceed that of any season since 1847 and 1848, or even the crop of 1839. ‘The weather has been favorable for gathering the staple as fast as it opened, conse- quently the quality is good; but many planters injure the lint in ginning too rapidly with gins that are filed too sharp. Newton county, Georgia—The season has been very favorable for gathering cotton, and we hope to make an average crop in this county. The tax imposed by government upon this staple, together with the uncertainty of labor, will doubtless discourage many from continuing its culture. Bibb county, Georgia—The cotton crop, though large, will not be remunera- tive to the planter, as the heavy tax and excessive prices of bacon, corn, and mules will more than absorb the crop. Greene county, Georgia.—We have been blessed by a kind Providence this year. I will make the largest crop of corn and cotton made in ten years. Some of my cotton is over six feet high, and so loaded with bolls that it is so tangled and laying on the ground that it is almost impossible to pass through it. Giles county, Tennessee—We have had an unusually fine autumn for gath- ering cotton, which in this section is very fine. Relieve us of the onerous cotton tax, and let our farm operations quiet down, and we will go on prospering, and soon repair the ravages of the late devastating civil war. There is a general inquiry for labor-saving machines and implements, better stock, seeds, &c. 361 Henry county, Tennessee.—F all has been favorable for farm work, and although labor is scarce and high (in proportion to the price of cotton) the picking of cotton is well advanced. A large portion of the crop of this county will be manufactured in the county, there being four spinning factories located within our county limits. Tippah county, Mississippi—Cotton turns out fifty per cent. better in this county than anticipated in my last report, the worm not doing as much injury as expected, and the season having been very favorable for gathering the crop. Union county, Georgia —Cotton is opening slowly, but with fair weather all the grown bolls will yet open. Mississippi county, Arkansas —The very favorable fall season for cotton, ma- turing almost every boll, has given us an increased crop over last year, both in quantity and quality, more than compensating for the injury in early spring from cold and wet and the cut-worm. Yet, under the present state of affairs, the planter who has produced the most cotton has accumulated the greatest debt, to be liquidated by future crops, or cancelled under the bankruptcy act. Cotton, of the grade we produce, will yield us, after payment of tax, commissions, and freight, about 114 cents per pound, yet it cannot be grown, at present rates of supplies and labor, for less than 18 cents per pound. Cotton growing in the Mississippi valley is a financial failure, and not a single honest planter of this valley will disagree with me in this view. Desha county, Arkansas.—I estimate the cotton crop of this county at about. thirty per cent. less than last year. The condition of the crop up to October 1 was not good, but the favorable weather since has brought out the cotton aston-- ishingly, and all the bolls not injured by the worm will mature. Bossier parish, Louisiana —TVhe cotton crop in this part of the State, and I may say throughout the State, will fall far short of earlier estimates. The crop is now nearly gathered, and to show you the condition of the cotton crop, I may say that I have in cultivation 200 acres, and forty bales will be the outside of my yield. .I should have had a bale to the acre—our calculation ordinarily. © Union county, Arkansas.—F rom the 1st to the 15th of July the cotton crop. | looked promising, when the worms made their appearance, always in the centre- of the field, and generally on the very best cotton. By the 15th of August all the leaves were stripped from the stalks. Prairie county, Arkansas —Cotton crop diminished on account of the long wet spell in the spring and the succeeding drought. The staple, however, is: longer and better than before known. Fayette county, Texas.—I think cotton will average one-fourth of a bale (500: pounds bale) to the acre in this county. I have travelled considerably through the county, and find the crops various. While a few acres will yield a bale per acre, some acres are not worth harvesting. Tensas county, Texas.—Cotton planting proves a losing business here to all engaged in it, and will be a secondary consideration hereafter. Any other crop. is more profitable than cotton with the present prices and revenue tax. Lavacca county, Texas——The failure of the cotton crop in this county is more- complete than I have ever known before. Several farms of 100 acres and up-. wards in cotton have only made from one and a half to five bales altogether, while: _ a few farms of from ten to sixty acres have made one-quarter bale to the acre. The prospect for next year is not encouraging, for the grasshoppers are already by the million depositing their eggs in the western part of the county, which, if not destroyed by storm or severe winter, will hatch out in the spring, and do. a great deal of damage. Henderson county, Texas —The worm injured the cotton crop about 20 per cent. he lint will. prove to be inferior on account of the immaturity of the: bolls that were attacked by the worms; it is fine, but short, with little oil in it, and not strong. My estimate of the present crop of cotton is 2,000,000 bales. 362 of 500 pounds each, at the very utmost. Our cottonis worth at home, at present prices, about eight cents per pound. We cannot make it for less than twelve cents per pound. I have made two good crops for the land planted and the force employed, (both on a small scale,) and they bring me in debt. This is algo the experience of others. Hence we quit, rent, or let: the land lay idle. Cherokee county, Texas——On account of the tax on cotton, the acreage was less, and that grown was greatly damaged by the worms, particularly on the bottom lands, and even on the uplands fields of 100 acres will not make more than ten bales of 500 pounds each. Colorado county, Texas.—Cotton, in this county, is almost an entire failure, from the ravages of the army worm. This has been the case in all the counties within 100 miles of the coast. Leon county, Florida.—Cotton has turned out better in this county than antici- pated. Planters will not get through picking before Christmas. Our crop will be about twenty per cent. above that of last year. Red River county, Texas —We have had almost a failure in the crop of cot- ton on account of the cotton caterpillar, and wet weather. We shall not have more than half a erop. Hunt county, Texas —Last year there were about 100 bales of cotton made in this county ; this year there will be at least 600 bales. The increase is from acreage. ‘The yield per acre will be about 266 pounds ginned cotton. Last year it was about 400 pounds. The ravage of the worm is the cause of the decline in yield per acre. Austin county, Texas.—The havoc committed by the cotton worm or eater- pillar has been greater this year than ever before, the worms in most places return- ing four times to the same fields, not allowing anything to grow anew. More than sixty acres in view cannot be picked at all. A good, medium crop would have brought us 2,500 bales of 500 pounds, but now it is doubtful whether we shall have 500 bales. THE EGYPTIAN COTTON. Bossier parish, Louisiana—Last spring I received a small package of Egypt- ian cotton-seed from the department. The seed was planted with great care, but from some cause comparatively few came up. The stalk is very large and high, but does not branch near the ground—say two to three feet above, as a general thing. The middle and top branches are very heavily bolled. Some of the stalks are as much as ten to twelve feet high, and very large at the ground. The staple is very fine and long. I am of opinion that it will do well when - acclimated, and I shall give it a fair trial next year. Baton Rouge, Louisiana—The Egyptian cotton seed received from the Department of Agriculture last spring, was planted upon twokinds of soil, upland and bottom, and fairly cultivated, and a tolerably good description of plant, but inferior in the yield to the “Mexican green,” and “brown Mexican,” that we cultivated in the general crop. We can see no inducement to replant the seed of the Egyptian cotton. THE BOUGHTON OR TAPPAHANNOCK WHEAT. Sparta, Wisconsin.—The Boughton or Tappahannock wheat has been suc- cessfully tried in this section for several years past. Abcut five years ago I received from the department a quart package of the seed which was placed in the hands of one of our best farmers, Mr. R. McMahon, whose farm was a mixture of clay and loam. The seed was sowed about the fifteenth of Septem- ber, and it grew well and matured twenty days abead of other varieties, pro- ducing largely. The product was sowed the second year, which likewise in- creased remarkably. The third year produced enough to count by acres and the yield was about thirty-two bushels per acre, with a large, stout stalk, well ‘headed. ‘The crop was harvested on the 4th of July, escaping all vermin infesting 363 other varieties of wheat in this region. Since that period Mr. McMahon has been raising this grain and selling several hundred bushels yearly to the farmers of this section at an advanced price. The grain has been ground for flour and found to produce exceedingly well. The average product per acre has been thirty-one bushels, weighing sixty-two pounds per bushel. It is now the popu- lar grain of this portion of the State, where the mercury falls to 28° below zero in winter. Lancaster county, Pennsylvania—On the 18th of September, 1866, I seeded one quart of early Boughton wheat received from the Department of Agriculture. It was fully ripened twelve days before our earliest variety, (early red chaff,) and yielded seventy-nine pounds, not being injured in the least by the midge. A neighbor of mine seeded one quart of the same variety and harvested seventy- seven and three-quarter quarts of good clean wheat. If it does anything like as well next season it will be the wheat for this section. It stands the winter well. EARLY SOWING OF WHEAT. Randolph county, North Carolina—I think the farmers of this section are too backward in seeding down their fall crops. I sowed eight acres of fallow land with winter wheat in September, and by the last of October it pretty nearly covered the ground. When sowed early it is better able to withstand a severe winter, the blades being a covering and protection for the roots. THE HOP CROP. Sauk county, Wisconsin—The hop crop of this county is enormous, being 100 per cent. ahead of last year. The crop this year will bring into the county $3,000,000. TOBACCO GROWN WITHOUT SUCKERS. A. Packham, esq., of Prestonville, Carroll county, Kentucky, furnishes the following’ directions to tobacco-growers who would save the labor and trouble _ of suckering their plants several times during the season : «“ At the time when suckering is about necessary, provide yourself with a small tin oil-can, the tinner making the spout of it with a sharp point, similar in shape to the blade of a penknife; then filling your can with a solution of crude potash, go through the motion of suckering by breaking off such as you see, and then with the point of your can make an incision down obliquely into the stalk, just at the spot between the stem and the stalk, where the sucker would grow, dropping into the incision so made one drop of the potash. ‘This is the whole secret. It will not injure the valuable leaf, check its growth, or hurt the plant, but it will kill the germ of the future sucker. With practice a person can doctor a plant as above stated with as much celerity as one can the suckering, and will thus save the trouble of going over and suckering millions of plants every year.” LESPEDEZA STRIATA, OR BUSH CLOVER, B. D. Lamsden, of Eatonton, Georgia, in writing to the department in relation tothe Lespedeza striata, or bush clover, now attracting considerable at- tention in middle Georgia, says : «Tt is an annual, and has leaves in threes, like clover. The flowers are like those of the pea and bean, and the seeds somewhat resemble a bean, but are encased in separate shields. Its history or origin no one knows. If it is the Lespedeza striata it came from Florida, as the plant which bears that name was discovered there and called after one of its governors. It was noticed in this county (Putnam) five or six years ago, and has rapidly spread over the whole county ; every field and lane having more or less in the fence corners. Last year I saved some of it for hay, which was readily eaten by all kinds of stock. 364 Sheep seem to delight in grazing upon it. I think it a great blessing for our old and worn-out fields. It grows in the shade and on any land where there is the least soil. It is rapidly destroying the broom sedge of our old fields, and is killing out that hated Bermuda grass, which is so troublesome on some of our plantations. It is not hard to destroy, as, well pulled up, it dies. It is a great renovator of the soil—a fact which has been demonstrated more than once to my certain knowledge. “Our oldest citizens say it first appeared in the summer or spring after a severe dry storm which occurred five or six years ago. One intelligeut gentle- man says that it was introduced in an adjoining county (Green) by a Scotchman, who received the seed from Scotland. Whatever its name or origin makes little difference to the horses, mules, cows, and sheep.” SHEEP HUSBANDRY IN GEORGIA. The same correspondent, in speaking of sheep-raising in Georgia, expresses the opinion that “ when the Lespedeza striata shall cover our worn-out lands and pine thickets, and rooted out our broom sedge, which it is fast doing, and legis- lative action be taken in regard to the sheep’s worst enemy, dogs, middle Georgia will become a wool-growing section. I had thirty head of sheep last winter— common stock of the country. I did not give them one cent’s worth of food, and left them to care for themselves, salting them occasionally. Early in the spring they commenced lambing, and I raised thirteen lambs, and sold $12 50 worth of wool. The lambs were considered the best in our section, and the sheep were in fine condition. I mention these facts to show that with proper attention sheep husbandry can be made profitable in middle Georgia.” SILK-WORMS. Mr. H. C. Hermann, of Lenni, Delaware county, Pennsylvania, writes as follows in reference to the ailanthus silk crop : «1 made a splendid crop in the spring, but lost in the fall what I had gained in the spring, saving only 150 cocoons out of 200,000 worms. A very early frost, in September, killed the leaves and worms. When I first got the ailan- thus worms I had no experience with the native silk-worms, but now I think them superior to any foreign silk-producing insect, both for the quantity of silk they produce, and the durability and strength of the material. I shall turn my attention to the native silk-worm next year, and report my success. I find as many wild cocoons as I want.” GRASSHOPPERS AND LOCUSTS. Lampasas county, Texas —Grasshoppers made their appearance here in im- mense numbers about the first of October, and completely destroyed the fall and winter gardens, and injured the stock range materially. They continued with as until the 20th, when they. moved on their journey in a southeasterly direction. Fortunately little or no wheat had been sown. Farmers are now sowing small grain, but the acreage will probably fall short of last year, many being deterred from sowing by apprehension of the reappearance of the destroyer in the spring. Dallas county, Texas.—The grasshoppers made their appearance here on the 17th of October, the air being filled with them. ‘They appeared to be coming from the west, and travelling east. They have literally eaten every green thing, and in places where they got to the wheat that was being sown they devoured the grain. About two-thirds of the grasshoppers have disappeared, and I think all will leave in a few days. Burleson county, Texas—We have the locusts or grasshoppers with us, and they now cover the ground and are depositing their eggs. Bell county, Texas—We have had grasshoppers in considerable numbers 365 since the 15th of October, but too late to do any harm except to gardens, which they have entirely destroyed. Woodson county, Kansas—The “Mormon locusts” made their appearance in this county on the 25th of September, and there was not sufficient cold weather to stop their ravages upon the crops until the 29th of October, when the thermometer fell to 24° above zero. The consequence is they have de- stroyed all the wheat sown prior to their arrival. Wheat is now being sown, but it is late, and I fear there will not be a good crop next year. Nodaway county, Missouri—The grasshoppers made a raid upon us this fall, but too late to do much injury. We look for their appearance in the spring, when the eggs deposited will hatch. Dakota county, Nebraska—The grasshoppers have left us, but their eggs have been deposited to be hatched out in the spring. Halil county, Nebraska.—Grasshoppers have been very thick again this sea- son, but have done little damage. They have deposited few eggs compared with the preceding year. Page county, Iowa—We have had a most bountiful season, fruit and crops of all kinds producing remarkably ; but we have been visited this fall’ by the grasshoppers, which have devastated gardens to considerable extent, and even eaten the fruit from the trees. They were particularly fond of peaches, in many instances eating the fruit entire, leaving the pit on the tree. Nearly all the cab- bage in the county has been devoured by them, and the fall wheat entirely eaten up, my own being the only piece left in this section. The earth is filled with their eggs, and we are expecting the grand army of grasshoppers in the spring, of which these were probably the advance guard. Fayette county, Texas——Grasshoppers appeared in this neighborhood on the 3d instant in great numbers. As yet I have discovered no devastation by them, but believe we shall yet suffer from them, if not till spring, Coryell county, Texas——The grasshoppers made their appearance in this county on the 12th of October, coming in vast quantities from the north. They have been with us a month, and done much injury. All the fall gardens were destroyed, and though wheat sowing: time is past little has been sown, as the grasshoppers eat the grain before it can be covered. Lampasas county, Texas—Since last report grasshoppers have come upon us, though not very numerous, but sufficient to deter farmers from putting in ‘ wheat and other small grains, and the probability is that little fall wheat will .be sown in this county this season. Fannin county, Texas.—The grasshoppers made their appearance about two weeks ago, but, have done little or no injury yet. There is a general disposi- tion to withhold seeding until the grasshoppers entirely disappear. Red River county, Texas —We have now in this county, for the first time within my recollection, a visitation of grasshoppers, which are devouring every- thing they can make food of, and I fear they will destroy all the wheat put into the ground. Sowing will be suspended until they disappear. Austin county, Texas.—Locusts and grasshoppers, heretofore unknown in this locality, have appeared in countless numbers, and we anticipate their return next year. Great Salt Lake City, Utah—A correspondent, writing of the extreme mild- ness of the season, says: ‘I have only to narrate that in a field that was being planted in the northeast portion of this city last Monday numbers of young grasshoppers the size of house flies were turned up by the plough, all alive and green, and quite recently hatched.” THE POTATO BUG. Brown county, Wisconsin—The potato bug spread very rapidly this year. Whole fields were destroyed by them. ‘The insect attacked white, delicate 366 potatoes first, those having red color on them last. The Prince Albert vines were totally devoured before the Garnet Chili vines were touched by them, though growing side by side. EARLY LAMBS. _ The following from Queens county, New York, indicates the growing tend- ency towards the production of mutton rather than wool: “Wool very low; and number of sheep decreasing, and were it not for the high price that lambs fetch in New York market early in the spring, sheep raising would be aban- doned in this section.”’ WHEAT IN NEBRASKA. The editor of the Omaha Herald, in printing the gist of the article in the October report upon wheat culture, refers to a conversation with a prominent farmer, who expressed a belief that Nebraska might expect exemption from the prevalent deterioration in yield of wheat lands “ by rotation of crops and keep- ing out the weeds, and by ploughing a little deeper each year.” This is begging the whole question. These are among the means proposed for the increase of production and prosperity of western farmers, which are now ignored by the great majority of them in all these States, with little probability that Nebraska will prove an exceptional case. The employment of the same means would produce universal improvement; but improvement was never yet made by a person professing to have already attained perfection. It is useless to recommend variety in crops and the ameliorations incident to stock growing to farmers who believe that a soil will never wear out if annually scratched to the depth of five inches and invariably sown with wheat, which is inevitably swamped with weeds before the wheat is half grown. Instead of tares growing with the wheat until harvest, it is often the case that the wheat makes a futile endeavor to lift up its head among the tares. : The Herald states as a remarkable fact, that “ these Nebraska wheat-growing soils are so deep that it has been demonstrated in his own experience and that of others that soil brought from fifty feet below the surface in digging wells, properly prepared and sown to wheat, will raise almost as large a crop of wheat and of equal quality with that which is next the sod.” It matters little how rich the material that may lie fifty feet below the surface to farmers who will not go five inches in that direction. Shallow cultivation, and little of that, is the rule in new countries, generally followed till discouragement at the results attained leads to changes of proprietorship and systematic farming. Statistics of Australia show the same causes and the same effects now operating. Wheat averages have there been reduced to twelve bushels per acre, under a course of shallow ploughing and weed growing, with seeding annually to wheat. If the wheat growers of Nebraska are discarding the slovenly example of the west generally, preparing the seed’ bed thoroughly, selecting. seed with care, drilling at sufficient width and with such regularity as to admit of cultivating and destroying weeds, adopting a judicious system of rotation, and keeping stock to utilize hay and straw of the farm and return to the soil the elements withdrawn from it, then they may escape the losses of wheat deterioration, but not otherwise. ‘These are simple truths, as every good farmer knows, but, with very few exceptions, they are not acted upon. Among those exceptions, even in the poorer soils of the east, are cases of twenty-four bushels per acre, or double the product of the slovenly farming on rich and cheap lands. If these errors are avoided in Nebraska, their agricultural papers, unlike those of a neighboring State, may not be expected to suggest that if “a pound of batter comes into the city before thanksgiving, every clergyman should especially name it as a cause of thankfulness.” 367 POPULAR FALLACIES CONCERNING WOOL. \ In commercial circles, at least, most erroneous views concerning the quality, consumption, present supply, and the influence of existing impost laws upon present prices, appear to prevail—a few of which are noticed, viz: 1. That the quality of American wool has deteriorated—lIt has been boldly asserted that the dissemination of American Merinoes has been injurious to the quality of the wool. The most judiciously bred and carefully housed thorough- breds have, indeed, furnished very oily unwashed fleeces, unprofitable to manu- facturers on account of the loss in cleansing; but for one of these there are scores, if not hundreds of their progeny, whose wool is vastly superior to that of their coarse-wooled ancestors, and of that quality most in demand at American factories, answering for all except the finest cloths, and of sufficient length to become a substitute for combing wools in delaines. This breed has so far affected a vast improvement upon the coarse mongrel sheep constituting the great mass of flocks of former days. ~ It is not necessary to aftirm this fact before intelligent wool growers, but millions of American citizens may be misled by widely pub- lished statements of the inferior condition of our wool clip, resulting from crosses of American Merinoes upon the sheep of the west. 2. That domestic wool is inferior to foreign—The very reverse of this statement is true. In strength of fibre and durability of fabric our home-grown wool is far superior to that which is imported. Every manufacturer who has tested the matter will corroborate the statement. Writers in the foreign wool- selling interest freely declare that a proportion of foreign wool is necessary for mixing with the domestic, and that in its absence the manufacture of the home fleeces must decline. The statement is utterly erroneous. The only pretext for it is in the adaptation of machinery, in certain factories, to this mixture. Every month is removing this mechanical impediment to the supremacy of domestic wools. The progress of manufacturers, in this respect, has been wonderful the past year. Cotswold and Leicester combing wools are in fact scarce, but the deficiency can be easily supplied in a few years, and the inven- tion of our manufacturers, impatient of delay, has found an excellent substitute in the long fibre of Merino grades, by the aid of changes in the machinery by which it is wrought. Very little wool, except carpet grades, which are admitted with less duty than the wool grower pays as taxes, is now required by manufac- turers from foreign sources. When the broadcloth manufacture shall be extended here, a finer Merino will be wanted, and can be supplied without foreign aid. 3. That we need seventy millions of pounds of foreign wool to supplement the domestic supply.—The imports of all wools, in four years of war, were but sixty- three millions per year, with six millions of shoddy—in all, more precisely, 279,183,049 pounds. In 1860 the imports were only half as much, and the home product but sixty millions; the actual manufacture but eighty millions. It is folly now to talk of sixty or seventy millions deficiency, when the trade is suffering from a surfeit of wools and woollens, notwithstanding the decrease of imports of wool since the war. (Qn the other hand, there are persons who prefer to believe that the domestic wool product is in excess of the demand, a position equally unfounded. ; 4. That the recent law has not benefited wool production and manufacture.—- The close of the war found full supplies of woollen goods, and immense stores of unused army clothing; and in anticipation of legislation affecting importation, nearly as many woollens were introduced, in a single year, as were imported during the entire period of the war. In this state of facts, utter annihilation of wool growing and manufacturing was only prevented by the operation of the law in repressing further importation, and inspiring confidence in the future, 368 when the immense surplus should be exhausted. It has produced all the advantages that its most sanguine friends could claim for it, in preventing in a large degree, ruinous depression and the sacrifice of flocks, and in paving the way for entire success in the future, which shall benefit every interest of agriculture and every brauch of industry. GREENSAND MARL AS A MANURE. To the farmers of eastern Maryland and northeastern Virginia a new means of enrichment of the soil has been added in the exploration and development of the marl beds of Prince George’s and neighboring counties of Maryland. Although these beds have been known to exist for many years, they have but recently received that attention which they merit. Very many openings, have been made along the eastern edge of the District of Columbia, from whence large and increasing quantities of marl are being drawn for the uses of the vicinity. While these beds are found in localities, as beds of sand and gravel, with shells, and are thus somewhat like alluvial sand and clay hills, they are of much older formation than the common surface soil or the marl pits which exist at the bottom of old lake beds and water-courses. Indeed they are of so respectable antiquity that at the period when these green marl beds were being deposited in shallow estuaries, there existed upon this continent no great number of avimals known as the mammalia. The predominance of the type of the life of the world at that period was reptilian, and while these marl beds were being formed here, under similar conditions in Europe the vast beds of chalk which line the southern coast of England and the channel shores of France were deposited. Hence these beds are everywhere classed as belonging to the cretaceous or chalk formation, consti- tuting a series of rocks and beds which have pretty uniform characters. Where these beds now exist marks the place at which courses of water ran earrying down large bodies of sand and gravel to be deposited in the ocean further down. In fact, where these beds now are was formerly the basin of a considerable estuary, in which tidal action was tolerably powerful. Along the eastern shore of the States there is no deposition of chalk, but in the region west of the Missis- sippi, where the same formation recurs the beds are better developed, more calcareous, and soliditied into rock strata. In New Jersey, Delaware and Maryland, they constitute alternate layers of sandy and micaceous clay, between which are intercalated beds of a greenish sand, the upper layers of which contain shell remains. The lower beds of the chalk formations in Europe have been called green- sand beds, on account of their color and texture. In this country the upper beds have the bluish green tint, and are found most abundantly in New Jersey, — where they are met with in Monmouth, Burlington, Gloucester, and other coun- ties. ‘The green color of the marl beds is due to the large amount of sand made up of fine blue grains, rounded and polished like the fine rolled sand of a river bottom. These grains mixed, with yellowish clay, or sand, give the greenish tint to these strata; they resemble gunpowder in size, and are softish, so that when crushed by the finger nail a green streak is left on paper. These beds in New Jersey have a slight slope dip towards the east or southeast, and are generally worked at water-level, or a very few feet above tide-water. The whole formation in New Jersey may be from 300 to 400 feet thick, and contain three workable beds of greensand marl, some of which are, in different counties, from 20 to 30 feet thick, and are great sources of wealth to the farmer pro- prietors, and for some years past the Freehold and Jamesburg and Camden and Amboy railroads have carried immense quantities of it to various stations on 369 their lines. The charge at the pits was, a few years before the war, six or seven cents a bushel. These beds thus described in New Jersey leave that State by crossing the Delaware river, and pass into the State of that name; the general strike or direction is southwesterly, and they can be traced in eastern Maryland at the head of Chesapeake bay, whence they pass into Anne Arundel, Prince George’s, and Charles counties, where they cross the Potomac into Virginia, and thence pursue the general southwesterly trend through the southern States into Alabama, Mississippi, and Texas, where they turn round north and pass into the Indian Territory and New Mexico. As the formation passes south, it changes its mineral character. In New Jersey the fossil shells are not numerous and of a few species, chiefly of the oyster and allied species, (Ostrea, Gryphea, Exogyra,) and not pervading every bed. Some of the Jersey greensand beds are destitute of any shell remains. In Maryland, on the contrary, ail the beds are shelly, the species are much more numerous, and embrace many of the more familiar conchiferous molluse shells, as the pecten and znoceramus, and abound in some layers, almost to the exclusion of the greensand. ‘This intrusion of shell remaius alters very considerably the chemical nature and the agricultural value of these beds as materials for top-dressing the land. The value of the New Jersey greensand is in proportion to the amount of the green grains present. These grains, being of a peculiar mineral character, have received the name of glauconite. Dana gives the following as the mineral constitution of glauconite, in 100 parts: Silica, 50; protoxide of iron, 20-25; potash and soda, 8-12, (mostly potash;) phosphate of lime, traces; moisture, 7-10. In this mineral the amount of lime is very trifling, while the quantity of potash is very great, as much as would ordinarily be yielded by scme felspars, and much more readily decomposable; hence the great value of the Jersey greensand lies in the large quantity of potash which it contains, and which the soil receives in a few years. The Jersey marl is not, however, all glauconite, as may be seen from the following analysis: 1. Marl from Squankum, Monmouth county: ici CEme Si Pk s Sae EON ee a a eS ee ee a ee oes Bese 10.60 SiliGH esc alee 1 Ea se be eee ee Oats Shere Bele Reet reper eta Bo 51.16 (ERG LOST MOROM INO Me a es ones a coe meree Melcninna stele el sea eaten aac eae oasieee ees 16.20 TAN ELEM Seo ey ee ee ee Neetae stsiain c.clte sa AAO cieeecieceercataer OVOI tees ETUC 0 CLEA oe eta ee ere eee Ane crs as. tae en I ou ec wc acpoiee’ Ampodt vii gees Bees oe oe Te Re De Da ne ee 5 2 ee A ER Beas 17 IEA 220s hele ie lee oa a Re leo m= oie walsh oalachas a Aeip Sie e's soca Ss), ee PGs PIOTIC RCL Cl pans meme eater aeaea tiene ona s' 721s /at tale te ayo ota tat sia) atovore Sater = ova wine ial oO Pita UCM a sie ets oe ade ee er is, o'5 oS maya wei oop ern pale ease sean rp ade In 100 parts. 2. Marl from Mullica Hill, Gloucester county: Tete) oS a ee G Oc So 6 bd CRS Ce ee Oe BACNET ees CO), COME TO Sao eee ae Po eUOo >> 0+) cde eee epee Teaco sebersecrese oo s- SHG) coe SC OSU ROCEIG pee eo 4 atic Uc dea Men eae ea ae oe Se esreoe seamen sess) (al) 37 Adumipacand, protoxide Of iron 2 2. 2 sees oe ot -. -- nos re <= = oe n= sO iebosphate OlmrO Dis) ote ener meee Sc 5. - nie site setote = aleia al toe aE, WIESAOS EY Coes on eo op ee toe oo aaa ce 255556 Ho geeeEe oS Seance ssoseccdce ds WEY Pobashand SOG aye ooo eo tae ES. 2m. ==, -)vla ee piniam aij moran cctaepeem COU eal NETIC ELGG) ko) aha aialae 2 aie a oD ociaw ne a4 emis am ooo. eee. Une In 100 parts. From the foregoing analysis we may conclude that Squankum marl contains not more than forty per cent. of glauconite, and the marl of Mullica Hill about fifty- six per cent. But even these quantities of’ potash are very Jarge, and the influ- ence of the marls upon some kinds of vegetation wonderful in its results; the quantity of lime in these samples is small, and shows how small an admixture of shelly particles exists in them. In the Maryland marls the very reverse holds good. ‘The glauconite grains are very much less in those from Prince 2 370 George’s and Charles counties, and the amount of shells vastly greater; on this account the whole nature of the marl is changed; it then contains very little potash and very large amounts of carbonate of lime. A few of very many analyses of Maryland marls, made in the laboratory of this department, will be given in the next report, for the purpose of illustrating the general composition of Maryland greensand marl. TA. RINDERPEST. Stories are circulating in agricultural papers to the effect that rinderpest exists in Maryland, Virginia, and other sections. Not a particle of evidence is found to sustain such statements. Not a case of “rinderpest,”’ it is perfectly safe to say, has ever appeared in this country. There has been some LAA among cattle in Maryland and Virginia, in some cases luug disease, in others ‘* hollow horn,” &c., but no European cattle plague, or anything like it. If that disease ever does appear, it will make itself felt and known without laborious efforts to advertise it into notoriety. IMMIGRATION. The immense immigration to this country of the few years past is not only continued but increased. The following statement of the passengers from foreign countries, during the third quarter of the calendar year of 1867, is condensed from the report of the Director of the Treasury Bureau of Statistics. The first column represents only the immigrants : NATIONALITY, . n | ' d crtagdet es load tah 8 es Districts. 2 + 3 ae oS = 8 aU (ie Bal ein WES nee ena oe ee eee S18) 8 | 3 eee os] =| Ca, =) 5 S B (23) 2 | 2 |e — o o o) 5) =) ) a o) No. 1 Noxd. |! No: 3. No: 4. | No: 5s 1) Nox Gs e f ———— Water ee whan ae are mene en mee £3.00) |" 13: 154" 12) TA STONSS3 122 12502 Flesh-forming principles— Solublein' waters 22 son.2sa oe See aide 25 0.98 0. 44 0. 06 0. 42 0. 30 Insoluble.inj water. .=--..--225-£ | 1.26 4.40 1.41 1,90 1, 00 1.76 Oyler. $5 oer Sk kh ee eee ie 1.22 1.13 1.14 0. 90 i aa 7 1.08 Sugar, gum, and other fat-forming MACS sas a oe e ee i418 3. 98 3. 88 4.08 3. 89 4,30 Wioedy fibre: 220. o2a5. 22 eae 7.84 | 76.17 | 77.76 | 78.67 | 79.18 77.15 Mineral matier, (ash)-.----.------ 3 5 3.19 |, 3.20 | Sais | 351 3.29 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100. 00 | 100. 60 | These analyses show that, if wheat straw is allowed to overripen, a very large proportion of its nutritive principles is eliminated and altogether lost, and a considerable portion of the remainder converted into an insoluble and therefore less easily digestible state. Nor is there any advantage to the grain in 2llowing it to remain uncut after the upper portion of the straw has changed from a green to a yellowish color; oa the contrary, it loses a portion (often a very consider- able one) of its nitrogenous or flesh-forming constituents. It has been clearly proved that wheat cut when green yields a greater amount of grain and of better quality than when allowed to ripen fully. As compared with white turnips, the 376 nutritive value of oat straw stands very high; for while the former contain but little more than one per cent. of flesh-formers, and less than five per cent. of fat- formers, the latter includes about four per cent of flesh-formers and thirteen per cent. of fat-formers. Again, while the woody fibre in turnips is only about three per cent., it constitutes no less than sixty per cent. of oat straw. In comparison with hay—considering the prices of both articles—oat straw also stands high, as will be seen by comparing the following analysis (mean re- sults of twenty-five analyses) of common meadow hay with that of properly harvested straw : ANALYSIS OF MEADOW HAY. Water cn... EO REE Be ena Evala sa ais. enw @ ui S/SUE leat ab ea ENeIeteie te. sie Seevene 14.61 leshtorming: Compiiwents. Fe... 4. Weekes ae rele wipierreeeeiesle ce > Ae 8.44 Respiratony and fatty matter....5........25 o's ie aiateteteetoe bee 3 43.63 Wioody. fibre 2... SAE Oot Ol Hee Gober oEBE Akon cas, peewee Mineral matter, (ash) ......... eke PEW tL: Jeo ei See Ge eee 6.16 100.00 At one time it was the general belief that woody fibre was incapable of con- tributing in the slightest degree to the nutrition of animals, but recent investi- gations prove that it is to a certain extent digestible and that the straw of the cereals possesses a far higher nutritive power than is commonly ascribed to it, and when properly harvested contains from twenty to forty per centum of un- doubted nutriment. Dr. Cameron recommends that straw should either be cooked or fermented before being used, as in either of these states its constituents are far more di- gestible than when the straw is merely cut, or even when it is reduced to chaff. An excellent mode of treating straw is to reduce it to chaff, subject it to the ac- tion of steam, and mix it with roots and oil-cake or corn. A better and cheaper plan is to mix the straw with sliced roots, moisten the mass with water, and allow it to remain until a slight fermentation has set in. This process effectu- ally softens and disintegrates the woody fibre and sets free the stores of nutri- tious matter which it envelops. In an economic point of view the theoretic deductions will be found to har- monize with the results of actual feeding experiments. Assuming that one hundred parts of oat straw contain, on an average, one part of oil, four parts of flesh-formers, ten parts of sugar, gum, and other fat-formers, and thirty parts of digestible fibre, and that the price of straw is $7 50 per ton, (the average price in Ireland,) we have, at that cost, the following quantities of digestible sub- stances : ONE TON OF OAT STRAW AT $7 50. Oilee 52 sero anee Repay ee ear 3 3 ny ee es Aca OF Bs 22.4 Ibs. Flesh-forming principles .......... 0 are jog sone eee SOG Sugar, gum, and other fat-forming substances ...........- DBM venaes Wisesmile fibre Vv AUS a mixin ete > os ate dete Sin eles 6720 wer 1008 ce Total amount of fat-formers, calculated as starch .......... 952 ~ Ibs. Add flesh-furmers ..... ots CUS eR ove: w ca’ w feta apiettomcNege te te terete 3 89.6 « Total amount of nutritive matter cue ay ox %% «se siete ie wie 1041.6 « A fair sample of linseed cake contains twenty-six parts of flesh-formers, 377 twelve parts of oil, thirty-four parts of gum, mucilage, sugar, &c., and six parts of woody fibre, and costs $55 per ton. - ONE TON OF LINSEED CAKE AT $55 PER TON. Pieali-coruune: PMelMebie ae vce jciata< + se ase sere sade. «= « 582.4 lbs. (OT ce a pom oe 2 2: pM ile Ce SOM RN PR OREO |e errs 2OSr0) ae (ain, suet, and. ober fat-lOrmers.... 2... 266-5. tem ee 761.6 Peete AOL O: ayes eterno 2 4a eens @ se = oa = Geir aiein alesis A403 6Si.2 oe Total amount of fat-formers, calculated as starch..... Pens 1508 “ Flesh-formers ..... OP Sa Bae i oki dt 3b! aN um na Ne ae osQ4 Tomiamount. of nuttiment .. 0. 2... <2cc4e2- Pee occ ee se 20904 *§ These comparisons are instructive and important. From them we learn that we pay $55 for 2,000 pounds of nutriment when we purchase a ton of linseed cake ; whereas, when we invest $7 50 in aton of straw, we receive 1,000 pounds of digestible aliment, and it is believed that when the latter article is cut in proper season and well harvested, its composition will be found much supe- rior to that detailed in the comparative analysis. Digestion is promoted by mixing with the aliment a due proportion of oily or fatty matter. Straw is relatively deficient in the flesh-forming principle and abounds in fat-forming elements, of which, however, the most valuable (oil) is the least abundant. Now, if we add to straw a due proportion of some substance very rich in flesh-formers and oil, the compound will possess, in, nicely adjusted proportions, all the elements of nutrition. Perhaps the best food for this purpose is linseed meal, which contains about twenty-four per cent. of flesh-formers, thirty-five per cent. of very bland oil, and twenty-four per cent. of sugar, gum, and mucilage. Linseed cake may be substituted for linseed meal, though the meal is rather the best, but costs fifteen per cent. more. As linseed possesses laxative qualities it cannot be largely used ; the addition of bean-meal will neu- tralize the relaxing influence of the oily seed. Rape-cake will be found more economical than linseed cake. If free from mustard, well steamed, and floured with a little treacle, or a small quantity of locust beans, it will be readily con- sumed by dairy or fattening catile. HUNGARIAN AGRICULTURE. We find the following facts relating to the productions, resources, &c., of Hungary, in l’Kcho de l’Agriculture : The kingdom of Hungary comprises Sclavonia, Croatia, the Hungarian coast, and the principality of ‘Transylvania, comprehending a superficies of 5,872 geo- graphical leagues, and constituting fifty-four per cent. of the total superficies of the Austrian empire. The population of the kingdom is 15,200,000 souls, form- ing forty-nine per cent. of that of the empire. The cultivated surface of the kingdom is occupied as follows : Hectares. Acres. Amable dando: yira.2'al YS a ators eae eee 9, 960, 631, 275 or 24, 590, 308, 459 Mea Many Bi ists 2 od 2-5 cidietaval de Saye oe 4,112, 440, 825 or 10, 152, 588, 285 Prag Gane) 3.212205) 3.4.c0a) stint. alciepteinere 3 4, 976, 533,575 or 12, 285, 817, 263 000) Ae a ee 2a ee ese eee RA 8, 816, 859, 100 or 21, 766, 620, 901 Vineyards tao ish ald Pave: a vehattebovakere eins covenant 442,904,100 or 1,098, 419, 496 otal: lan cit Seta siete are a wade . 28, 309, 368, 875 or 69, 888, 754, 404 378 which represents fifty-three per cent. of the cultivated surface of the empire. The annual product of cereals and other grains is as follows : Hectolitres. Bushels. Wilteatintytetsce tote Dol fed Sere 17, 500,000 or 48, 146, 000 Mieaiiae 2258) Tie 0. yk 0) el en ie ae 10,100, 000 or 27,787, 120 Rye Bi aeyeNe yey cue tere teisie aVCW Nate co BRT Ch EERE City Le, 17,500,000 or 48, 146, 000 IVa see peme tee cc 2c cree ee eee Ms of 23,400,000 or 64, 378, 080 Barley SMe ete te Wiailc ax pawn avaNatta ote eRe hatte oie void 12,300,000 or 33,839, 760 (CE OE ene ule cer sie et | Ae OO 22,200,000 or 61, 076, 640 COEF ne sions ae cys bite etre 620,000 or 1,705,744 Beans: AnlePCaB)s <2 oy. 22 205. ck 5 a ee 1,230,000 or 3,383,976 Da tele pate es Ie ei suid ce ela ee ee 104, 850, 000 288, 463, 320 The annual product of flour is 25,000,000 quintals of two ewt. each. The exportation of flour from Hungary has increased from about 200,000 quintals in 1850, to over 1,000,000 quintals at the present time. THE BRITISH COTTON TRADE. Imports from Jan. 1 to | Exports from Jan. 1 | Nov. 21. to Noy. 21. Descriptions. 1866. 1867. 1866. 1867. L Bales. Bales. Bales. Bales. PANN ENICANs hes tele ects « cuore ee eee | 1,093,746 |* 1,117,026 | 197,451 | | 215,685 BraailHevpt eo aaa einee ease el nee | 645, 912 637, 122 | 132,545 109, 008 East India, China, and Japan -...-.--.. 1, 50858875) 1, 156,319) b03si779 450, 693 Mo tall Moc Prttekes, jah.) e aot e o | 3, 248,545 | 2,910, 467 | 833, 775 775, 336 Consumption from Jan. Stock, Nov. 2]. 1 to Nowsale 1866. 1867. 1866. 1867. Bales. Bales. Bales. Bales. 694, 730 483, 410 2,089,360 | 2,188,210 The above figures show— Bales. A decrease of imports, compared with the same date last year, of.... 338, 078 An increase of quantity taken for consumption of ............+6- 98, 850 Avdeereasexonctual export Of mine... (shee Ma ceca fee ete 58, 439 AMO CCECASE OFMBLOCK Of, . si. cca SMe ate «se ce uereioe sbi ie rie C8 i 211, 320 379 The following is the stock of India and eastern cotton on hand: { -_——_ ~ rc ~ 2 ; a8 =e SS mM “2 3s 5 5 s e op 2 oy eS a5 aa oc as os BR = oe a 6 7) a fa Ss) a Stock November 21, 1867-...---- 13, 015 48, 476 35, 783 175 107, 094 Stock November 21, 1866-.....--- 19, 377 40,150 | 28,886 3, 647 94,815 Stock November 21, 1865....---. 9, 698 12,502 | 10,818 2, 330 40, 720 IRISH BUTTER. The receipts of butter at London and Liverpool from Ireland during the last three years were as follows : 1865. 1266, 1867. Firkins. | Firkins. | Firkins. [Tai gem ne | 7” Nc. Pn Gd bh VDSS Or a 73,351 | 50,013| 34,305 ivierpoolis. fa sacie as, woes See feitae trae ee siscesjains sini 443,759 | 420,153 | 420, 261 ER aD a tcts > WME id ce GOD ee Bs a. 517,110 | 470,166 | 454,566 The large decrease is the more remarkable when we compare the above 1865 there were figures with the number of milch cows in Ireland. in 1866 they had increased to 1,481,446; and in 1867 to Assuming tlat each firkin of butter weighed 90 pounds, the exports In 1866 they had fallen 1,387,448 cows; 1,519,720. of 1865 were equal to 34 pounds for each milch cow. to 29 pounds, and in 1867 to 27 pounds, to each cow. While the Irish arrivals in London have decreased, the foreign supply has increased as follows: Receipts in 18645, 448,264 casks ; price of Cork butter in October, 1865, was $32 50; The price of Dutch butter in 1865 was $31 450 ; The 1867, $27 50. in 1867, $27 50. AGRICULTURAL RETURNS FOR GREAT BRITAIN. By a careful average of local averages, the present season are made: 1866, 502,979 casks ; In 1867, 564,668 casks. in 1866, in 1866, $31; $30; in from reports similar to those of this department, though not so systematic and general, the following estimates for Yield of wheat per acre in England and Wales, 24.4 bushels; barley, 33.7 bushels; oats, 41.2 bushels; beans, 27.7 bushels ; peas, 22.9 bushels; 5.3 tons; turnips, 15.1 tons: swedes, 16.9 tons; mangolds, 20 tons. potatoes, From returns received in the statistical department of the British Board of Trade, the ageregate acreage under all kinds of corn crops in England and Wales was 7,941,578 acres, against 7,921,244 acres returned in 1866; _ in Scotland 1,367,012 acres , against 1,366,540 acres in 1866. The land under heute? is Poeun for England and Wales at 3,255,917 acres, against 3,275,293 acres in 1866; and for Scotland at 115,118 acres, against 110,101 acres in 1866. Estimating the average product of wheat at 28 bushels per acre, the aggregate yield for 1867 would be 94,388,980 bushels, against 380 94,791,032 bushels in 1866. This year’s estimate, however, gives only 24 bushels to the acre, which reduces the crop to about 81,000,000 bushels. - The number of cattle is returned for England and Wales at 4,017,790, against 3,848,435 in 1866; and for Scotland as 979,170, against 937,401 in 1866. Sheep are returned for England and Wales to the number of 22,097,286, against 16,793,204 in 1866; and for Seotland to the number of 6,893,603, against 5,255,077 in 1866. ‘The large increase in the number of sheep returned in 1867, as compared with the previous year, is accounted for by the fact that the returns in 1866 were made for the purpose of the cattle-plague inquiry at a date preceding the lambing season in some parts of Great Britain. MOVEMENT OF LIVE STOCK IN FRANCE. The imports of live stock into France in the first eight months of this year were as follows, as compared with the corresponding periods of 1866 and 1865: Description. 1867. | 1866. 1865. Stallions. -5 Sage jem a ono eocies 2s Boemeeeeoeeccshestees 874 | 460 549 Gelding sis soe Oe Site fos aon ear gene cee biol ae sical 8, 782 | 4, 989 4, 646 MiakeSMee a foe asia e tome motes con ere ne neue veeielsen ee SR REG 1, 8U6 1,662 Colist re aes ee eee ain cean ce cee oe cede eeeee 1, 303 | 1, 170 1, 029 Miuleste: oat S5 at ee siet Pood cee Beeiee BAe ES USE 30L | 194 145 Eeeasts yas. coe tech ee orm ee eee eta ee tee ees 73, 951 37, 507 37, 990 DU Shascean = Sete ene awe ee ss ee teas sass seeeeaee oF 996 1, 088 1, 428 Rleiiers Ras ise oes tee eee dak Gh eee See Ss: 2, 000 1, 035 1, 587 (COWS Whe Se aid ference Bip a ae Sn Bg bee nen ae Dat | 39,899 24, 496 45, 541 Youn Cap dliSe oon eee eta scene ee Reon cere ane acne 2, 326 | 530 1,189 Calvestien 3 ete sce ore etek Ree eee ee 23, 415 22, 468 33, 599 Sheepeck soos sess Saat Se Gea ee ee Se | 643,085 | 405, 172 509, 320 1S ES AR aR OAR PT DREN NER Tet TORRE Sr RE | 63,463 | 24,955 29,742 DUCKING: DOS si 55 SL oeswee mele wic ee aie Sane eee meee 44, 690 | 5, 608 53, 602 Description. | 1867. | 1866. 1865. Stallions: - 2... 5s,.ssecsuiat os Sesosteiccssecosseeee ce ee 410 | 686 902 Geldings: -* 258 See 5 5ee 5 ean eaters ays 2S 1,978 10, 204 1, 908 WV ares te AMIR: We Sekt pee te See aeRO Sct 52 1, 088 6, 388 1, 865 Colts¢ >. 2223302 sos 2 Ae e ee eee eee 352 644 | 290 599 Mules. << 5.2255, 28 eens eee oe eee 0 O742 | Fatlnazs 13, 122 SPB CaStS) ? .22.{ VEE Se ease ees 2d cals ome eed) 9445) S esas 14, 663 Bulls weet oes. = oo ene coe see eee =o se cece 396 | 738 387 OawsPe So -.u- anc ce masses Sack sae =< ataee 6, 486 10, 748 9, 485 MWonnempull so: eae eee eee amas Saas 60 267 178 CRIVen Eee = 2. oes a ee cee oe Soe oe earn = = nas cite 6,568 | 11,939 | 7, 958 Hetferssenns. .) 425. 2 Se eee ee ee 329 Fes 500 Sheepesesee=-- 2... cl. no et ee eee: needs See De, Sole eee 69, 677 Pipers 5. 2s SR a ee. co Jaen EO a0 44, 293 40, 275 Spekine qitrtegon 22:2: 2 22) eee eee eee = — leet nn, wae 6, 665 | 12, 011 The imports of “ beasts” and sheep will be seen to have largely increased this year, while the exports have declined—a state of things which is probably attributable to the exceptional demand occasioned for animal food in France, in consequence of the Paris Exposition. 381 DOG TAX IN ENGLAND AND SCOTLAND. The reduced dog tax seems likely to be better collected than the higher duty has been. The tax on dogs in England was assessed at only 301,281 dogs in 1856; in 1866 the number had increased to 358,472, and 79,281 dogs were re- turend by surveyors of taxes as exempt. Between the 6th of April and the 31st of July, 1867, 656,977 dog licenses were taken out; 367,775 were granted by stamp distributors, and 220,202 by officers of excise. In Scotland only 36,365 dogs were assessed for taxation in the year ending the 24th of May, 1866, and 44,556 were returned by surveyors of taxes as exempt. Between the 25th of May and the 31st of July, 1867, 88,481 dog licenses were granted. CALIFORNIA ITEMS. George Gordon, of San Francisco, states that an arrangement has been made with an association of German and French gentlemen, now engaged in the sugar business in Europe, to erect in California factories for the manufacture of raw sugar from beets, upon condition that the beets grown in 1868, from seed, prove as rich in saccharine matter as represented ; that the sugar refineries then con- tract for the raw sugars, and that the land-owners contract to grow sufficient beets to keep the several factories working—about fifteen hundred acres to each factory. The parties propose to invest $1,500,000 in the business, and to send over six hundred to seven hundred skilled workmen. During the past ten years California has imported an average of three thou- sand firkins of butter per month, at an expense of over $1,000,000 annually. There is no good reason why California should not export twice the quantity of butter now imported. The great ox “Oregon Baby” died in San Francisco last month, when he was being fatted for Christmas. He weighed 3,080 pounds, and was daily increasing. A strawberry patch of one hundred and thirty acres is reported in Alameda county, California. It is claimed that California has this year produced thirty-four million gallons of wine. J. Landsberger, of San Francisco, manufactures monthly two hundred dozen champagne, from California wines. He has on hand twenty-five thousand bot- tles of it, in different stages of ripening. The French journal L’Invention, in speaking of the California wines at the exhibition, says: “‘ We believe this manufacture is destined at no distant day to compete successfully with us in the markets of the New World.” The sheep firm of Flint, Bixby & Co, Monterey county, California, own 75,000 sheep, which feed on a range of 200,000 acres. ‘The firm commenced sheep raising fifteen years ago with a capital of $5,000. ‘The first flock was of the common Mexican breeds, which have been improved by imported fine-wool rams. The receipts of flour and wheat at San Francisco, from July 1 to November 27, aggregate, in round numbers, 4,000,000 centals (100 pounds,) being an increase of about 1,000,000 centals over the same period of 1866. Exports for same time, 3,000,000 centals—1,000,000 centals greater than during corres- ponding period of last year. The San Francisco Commercial Herald estimates a further export of 2,000,000 centals for the crop of 1867. 382 Hop culture is receiving more attention in California. An Englishman in Los Angeles county claims to have raised two thousand pounds to the aere. The State now imports more than it produces. A company is organizing in Marysville for the construction of a mill for the manufacture of oil from flaxseed, sunflower seed, castor beans, mustard seed, &c. From January 1 to October 1, of the current year, one hundred and seventy- four ships sailed from San Francisco with cargoes of wheat; of which one hun- dred and thirteen went to Europe, thirty-one to Atlantic ports, and twenty to China. __A pear weighing three pounds is reported to have grown on a yearling tree in Placer county. The treasure reeeipts at San Francisco for October last amounted to $4,333,000 ; the exports of specie for the same period, $3,026,722. Experiments with the Early Goodrich potato in Amador county show a product of one hundred pounds from one pound of seed, and also demonstrate that two crops a year can be grown upon the same ground. The Marysville Gas Company is consuming the castor bean cake for making gas. The cake costs about twenty dollars per ton. FACTS FROM VARIOUS QUARTERS, According to the census of 1540, the hop crop of the United States was but 1,238,412 pounds. In 1850 it had increased to 4,467,029 pounds ; in 1860 'the product was nearly 11,000,000 pounds, and this year it will probably reach 20,000,000 pounds; one-half of which are grown in New York; Wisconsin ranks next, raising about 7,000,000 pounds, of which Sauk county produced 4,000,000. The cranberry crop of 1867 is estimated at not Jess than 187,500 bushels ; New Jersey producing 105,000 bushels, New England 37,500 bushels, and the western States 45,000 bushels; at an average of $4 per bushel the crop will yield $750,600. Mr. George W. Blanchard, of Gardiner, Maine, reports to the Maine Farmer that he last spring set out seven hives of bees, with the following results: 526 pounds of box honey at 30 cents, $157 80; 70 pounds at 25 cents, $17 50; one swarm sold, $10; two swarms unsold, $20; total, $205 30; leaving the original hives strong in bees and well supplied with honey. Mr. B. attributes his success mainly to the fact that his hives were transferred, with the drone combs left out, together with early spring feeding to promote breeding, and plenty of box room. He had but four swarms, three coming from one hive. One of the principal exports of Texas is cattle, yet the State imports butter, cheese, and even milk. The salmon eggs placed in the trout ponds at Charlestown, New Hampshire, commenced hatching on the 11th instant. The anthracite coal production for L867 will aggregate about 12,000,000 tons, an increase of 350,000 tons over the preceding year. The petroleum exports from January 1 to December 24, 1867, from the port of New York, reach 33,190,037 gallons, and from other ports, up to 21st Decem- 383 ber, 32,317,916 gallons; total, 65,507,953 gallons; against 65,973,641 gallons for same time in 1866, 28,115,915 gallons in 1865, and 31,811,842 gallons in 1864. The fruit sent to the Chicago market this year was sold for $1,250,000. In central Illinois twenty acres have been planted with apple seed this year. The trees are large enough to graft, and are estimated to number 2,500,000. T. V. Hayden, United States geologist for Nebraska, states that there are, in the basin between the South Boulder and Clear creek, at the base of the Rocky mountains, in Colorado, from eight to eleven beds of coal, from five to thirteen feet in thickness, making an aggregate thickness of at least thirty to fifty feet of solid coal. Imported eggs cost Great Britain from eight to ten millions of dollars last year. There are several potato starch factories in successful operation in Coos county, New Hampshire. One establishment at Milan last season manufactured starch enough to pay for the mill and all expenses. Another, in Jefferson, cleared $6,000. ‘They pay thirty cents per bushel for potatoes. It it said that there are not enough hogs in North Carolina to eat the mast in the woods. The cheese factory at Elkhorn, Wisconsin, has manufactured 36,665 pounds of cheese the past season. Attempts have been made to acclimatize the English sparrow in Canada. The annual yield of the Nova Scotia coal mines is estimated at $1,200,000; gold mines, $600,000. The Cambridge (Massachusetts) Horticultural Society recommends the fol- lowing as the best varieties of pears for family use in that locality: Bartlett, Louise Bon, Seckel, Sheldon, Duchess D’Angouleme, Beurre D’ Anjou, Law- rence, Hovey; Le Cure, Rostiezer, and Doyenne l’Ete. Of these, according to Mr. Quinn, of New Jersey, who speaks from an experience of seventeen years, only five have been profitable in the latter State, and his highest success has been with the Duchess and the Bartlett. The Tennessee legislature has before it a bill for the protection of wool- growers, by which dogs will be taxed $2 a head; one dog to each family to be exempt. Two hundred and seven river barges, with an average capacity of 150 tons, are engaged in the St. Paul trade. Nearly all the grain and flour shipped by the river is freighted in barges. Orders in council have been issued permitting the importation of horses, hoofs, and hides into England, France sows annually about 14,000,000 acres with wheat, which yields a variable crop of 225,000,000 to 300,000,000, and even 330,000,000 bushels. The best wheat lands pay a rent of from $10 to $20 per acre, and yield from 37 to 52 bushels per acre. On many other lands, however, the yield is only 14 to 18 bushels. The “mud crop” of the streets of Paris is sold annually. In 1823 it brought $15,000. It now brings $120,000; and when left in rotting tanks is sold for manure at the increased valuation of $600,000. METEOROLOGY. {Compiled in the Department of Agriculture from the reports made by the observers for the Smithsonian Institution. ] OCTOBER AND NOVEMBER, 1867. Table showing the highest and lowest range of the thermometer, (with dates pre- Sixed,) the mean temperature and amount of rain, (in inches and tenths, ) for October and November, 1867, at the following places, as given by the observers named. The daily observations were made at the hours of 7 a.m. and 2 and 9 p.m. OCTOBER, 1867. | NOVEMBER, 1867. States and piaces. il | Rain } Rain +, | Max. | Min. |Mean| and Max. Min. Mean, and Date. temp. | Date. | temp.| temp.|melt’d Date. temp.) Date. temp, temp. melt’d | | snow. snow. MAINE, ° 1) 0 ° In. Stenben a iee sees 19] 68| 5,24| 27} 46.1] 7.20 Weer see -sscct oses 19 71 5 | 24 | 46.8 | 3.05 West Waterville. .- 19 76 4 30 | 48.4 | 5.30 Gardiner s22..-- =. - , 19 68 25 31 | 46.4 | 4.60 | JOO RGSS Acn655e65| Seececee beeen s| Sh oce ses besoee eae. 5. 23 Btandisn |S... 2. 19| 74 25 31 | AT.5 2. 99 | Conaishipye teas 2: 19) 74 24 | 27 | 46.8 | 4.25 | Cornishville ....... 19| 74 23 | 2 | 48.2 | 4.62 PAM CTHRER Sa Se= slender clack kee See a. wee 47.2 | 4.66 | } NEW HAMPSHIRE, | Sirationd(]-:22-5--- 19 3 24 22 | 44.2 | 3.46 North Barnstead. -. 19 74 | 23,24 33 | 50.0 | 2.61 Claremont - -...... 19 | 75 24 25 | 48.0 | 3.70 Portsmouth........ 17,18} 70 24] 30-| 51.0 ]...... | (AV GTA SES seh | ok se el oe Ne eet | seem | 48.3 | 3.26 | VERMONT. Lunenburg .....--. 18995 0 2 22 | 55.7 | 1.50 | North Craftsbury .. 19| 68 24| 25 | 44.5] 3 42 | Randolph . ........ sy Pee 24| 93 | 48.6 | 4.00 | Middlebury........ 18} 69 4| 30} 49.0] 3.48 | PAVOTRROR Go /-)| 2's .<\s0:ci0)- fpoesos|beasssculleencss | 49.5 | 3.10) MAS3ACHUSETTS. | Kingston .......... 19} 80 25| 32 | 52.4 | 4.25 Topsfield . ....---. 19) |] 1 (240265 ees ol (6)! (6543 Lawrence ...------ 19) 73 24| 29 | 48.3) 4.79 | Georgetown ...-.--- 19 78 25 32) Ol. 0) |... 01 Newbury------=..~- 18, 19 75 24 QONIFAG. (4 || 52 oe Milton 222 os c7seeeee 19 78 25 28 | 51.8 | 2.74 North Billerica... .. 10 78 | 25, 26 30 ! 49.5 !...... 385 Table showing the range of the thermometer, §c., for Oct. and Nov.—Cont’d. States and places. Date. MASs.—Continued. West Newton...--- 18 New Bedford ..---- 19 Wrorcekter.-s---.-, 18,19 Mendon,.-.--.-..-- 18 Lunenburg ..------ 19 PSTMNGES ieriaiel aisicia/= 18 Richmond ...------ 18 Williams College. - - 18 PAVICNA EES sa. = 3 86 31 ISS EPG 13) Siem roe 2 WE ALA GH) GoSeBe Gepeeoos) Gesoec5! oaoe soe Sbaotd| Scacoc| Womocas Q7 MISSISSIPPI. Grenada).:2---\=--. 2 90 31 Boi GO. sls || pratt 14 Fayette .......---. 2| 80 ST APG SO roalt ee eck sc ea ule cans INaeheZeesamce === =- 2 85 31 42 | 68.3 | 0.70 3 IMENT GY eG oSaec| SOnAOSEd Sbc5.s0) Sessa 3) osos G46: VOLO Bence asic ate TENNESSEE. ' Tusculum College. .- 4 80 31 SS ut DOAGE fete mas | wreeiteting |Heeaa alee eanoea emer Lookout Mountain. Sales 31 CeaG245) meas PAB} Clarksville. cee. 253 87 31 33 | 69.6 | 1.98 2 AMM a sietelsin'= <6 3 89 31 Sik e(peay | Se see 2 Memphis .--..----- 3 88 31 33 | 61.9 | 1.89 2 INTE lS Ano ses| pee ocead Secon lsesdooe Poot] beScSollee 555 8 JOE CEG Berar) SECO AAe Seas Ge aoe oe) oc one CE ee Te ee gee emcey eeosseic ocisacic KENTUCKY. Chilesburg......... 2 88 24 34 | 54.4 | 0.78 2,8 Bonisvalle:oa--+ =. 2 89 24 28 | 57.0 | 0.74 8 Danyilless-=2- S222 3 90 24 BG GDRAN MONT) | enteecn fesse INDE. oases] GEOCue | |sedao5| HOSS joao] ebOnes S963) | 0) 722 BARS ae4 Seaeac OHIO. New Lisbon ....--. 19, 20, 21 80 25 COMMA G) Ios 04. |< aes eist fess ae Steubenville. - oo. |aaaae sae | eeeete lemacics wee ale [letter a == =n 8 Painesville .....--. 19 79 31 39 | 53.0 | 4.50 3 Milnersville- ...... 18 82 24 RAN ROUSO! | 2183) fsaccewete Cleveland ..-...-.. 19 81 24 SeulEOS10) 3. ON |eeee ae Wooster .-.-.. .... 19 86 24 OMmOt 2 |e ae Kelley’s island..-.. 20 78 23 38 | 56.7 | 1.68 g Norwalkieeeoc----. 19, 20 82 24 28 | 53.9 | 1.63 8,25 Greenwich ..-..--- 20 86 30 32 | 56.0 | 2.26 8 North Fairfield .... 18 84 24, 30 30 | 54.1 | 1.65 1 Marioni.e so) ee eee 18, 19 78 24 26 | 52.0 | 2.56 8 Williamsport ...... Q27 76 7 29 | 47.3 | 4.26 2 Toledolncs--- -sener 19, 20 78 24 30 | 53.6 | 2.88 8 Bowling Green -:.. 18 89 24 22 | 53.9 | 2.30 8 Kent0ne 2 --r a= =i 19 86 24 39°] 57.9 | 6.25 2 Urbana University.| 18,19 80 24 30 | 54.7 | 2.01 2 Hillsboro! o2. 5. <3 2 80 30 33 | 54.0 | 3.07 8 389 Table showing the range of the thermometer, &c., for Oct. and Nov.—Cont’d. States and places. Date. OHIO—Cont’d. Betvel' Ss... hoes 27 Cincinnati ..._..... 2,18 College Hill ....... 2 ZEST EYES aS als) ee MICHIGAN. Monroe City.._.__- 18 State Agric. College 19 Litchfield. -..... 22. 19 Grand Rapids...... 19 Northport ......... 20 Oiwerow se. kK... 20 ROUT CLF en an or Copper Falls ..__.. 20 Ontonagan ..._.... 20 Atveraped.-. oI 2 ie a W, ix rs \ 4 ar he e - 4d, | ; rr " q . F) z ; re qy be a hon i! é e; . , Py a ; ” a " é ee ih p as 4 ’ is 5 ¥ " it ¥ 40er) Ww bee ale Kv ‘ yo aid . ryt aie fy i 7 & . ‘ - AJ r wv, ass Pema Ug 5 Ae ae OR 0 Fy sient Weel ENYA WMO 7.9 iain Re | ahi 9 iad Pi ninnt A all yA) habs Lair a A d t eee | > pct 6 . S ¥ 4 is ‘ ' aX) 4 “ 4 ap / er Mav oy) 7 a Rivet vA ia . J (ioe ‘ ‘ - , a P > ‘i 77 r eT Le Yi) we ed de ok arrest t's rah Oe : “dy ae v| ii ‘ A y ids , Wai see ' i Ss" } re ‘ . rte wy Yoh Pee’): ( Ae j i Lidte § t (‘a yy ‘ i ¥ . . iA Leeks & i} j rT uy Fi reap dite 4 . ~ * x \ « b ~ 's . ad $i : ' y » 4 Ce Se y=. roe © ls fe ihe rue vy ay. ame) rye 8%! i yi 1, ma ' T AY Vay vai ur yn Cc a UD c oO O G ° = o § ° a x < 3 > = o z