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PN sty EStFE = et es Seas aw Z Wtwia seta i Ce See x ~ na ae ta Sante ae fy ‘dd wet Se Shot eS See = = bn t iH ie a ie 4 { iets i a if jane mi nite by ne BERR} BAe APO RED na aly He 1353 fy a hal 44 vile Ae i ye it ; ith oP . OES Leaesse eet PASS eo a aS — i Nt ae i ei ae a4 se oat ae ee : 7 ee eretesaare 3 Sr eres eet pre eS Re =; 3 = . ss es kn st a ee zone = a epee See SS ee ee ee He as ae at i qitiei ie ie ja thas on hima ro beat CRUDE WHE | ati ira aa aa it ie Veith = mt fe peur fh rn i bee i; ey itty j they! i}, 4 Prue Mr Taig be PAU Ai ah oY ies hiataeae Hee i He on ding Bay! eat , hoi) ihe joni! Hi whi vist qa) ce bt! ah iis zi a yae pial lek 148i 4 isa a : at ja w | vat Hee rhe i ty “AS hn ads rat es Bia stig qi a Hi We eins f Sit Taeedity sai Hai puial me cake \ i i Ht ha a | a) ' Feit Hy Wi a en Hees Hye ae i it H 3 ics ce is i = SSS == soass 23 ~ ; ne Hy 2 ii uh ‘ i wet sani 4 TS at fi ii! dati eta Ba “patsy bt an aslathh PRL CH ee if " ae H fet 1 = isl i Ae sefak ah si i ey Pa sr 1 wep rh = a = Se. pa Ort ri “V Ya a Ses — % Ry agag Kiapees : MYCOLOGIA IN CONTINUATION OF THE JOURNAL OF MYCOLOGY Founded by W. A. Kellerman, J. B. Ellis,and B. M. Everhart in 1885 EDITOR WILLIAM ALPHONSO MURRILL Volume XII, 1920 WITH 21 PLATES AND 33 FIGURES ASSOCIATE EDITORS JOSEPH C. ARTHUR FRANKLIN S. EARLE LARS ROMELL HOWARD J. BANKER BRUCE FINK FRED J. SEAVER GIACOMO BRESADOLA ROBERT A. HARPER CORNELIUS L. SHEAR FREDERICE. CLEMENTS THOMAS H. MACBRIDE TYOZABURO TANAKA JOHN DEARNESS NARCISSE PATOUILLARD PUBLISHED BIMONTHLY FOR THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN By THE NEW ERA PRINTING COMPANY¥ LANCASTER. PA. ; Se PRESS OF ; THE NEW ERA PRINTING COMPANY - LANCASTER, PA. (nna a 311954 } SEELEY 35070} TABLE OF CONTENTS No. 1. JANUARY PAGE Photographs and Descriptions of Cup-Fungi—VIII. Elvela infula and Gyaoumtera ‘esculenta, by By J. SEAVER... 25.6 6:5 ed a0 oto bv einen e Claes I Corrections and Additions to the Polypores of Temperate North America, EOS MN Nee NWR Tee rcs Sos ws aided ig Soe ac analhievd Rae aha geldsea ti. te «ie decane 4s 6 New Japanese Fungi. Notes and Translations—VIII, by T. TANAKA ....° ‘25 The Alternate Stage of Pucciniastrum Hydrangeae, by J. F. ADAMS ..... a8 Ten Be cue mea LC ATPL CLGS: Zor o4 shin sleek inne Dinta ter Gatien Al ced Wie ota tne Ob weet a ale wt 36 Miidcmbowxmertcan Mycological Literature. .c...ici-.. 6.0. odd ea eee oe 55 No. 2. Marcu Mustrations: of Fungi—X XXII, by W. A. MURRILL ous. bce ee ce foe oe 59 OneCeraim Mntomogenous Fungi, by A. T. SPEARE. 22.75 i. ..4 ile ce nl es 62 Light-colored Resupinate Polypores—I, by W. A. MuRRILL ............. 77, Notes on North American Hypocreales—IV. Aschersonia and Hypocrella, ies pete MMSE Phan ches ce Sadi. God tasa le acegeceen of Beuhe eeteuesieere © eae ole e oe 93 vor iNiew: «tutes, by HELEN M. GILKEY «2.2 ec oe bees ee wee bee 99 A Phyllachorella Parasitic on Sargassum, by C. FERDINANDSEN and oe WAV TERIGEE, ng G0 ER I A ee SE A Se Pd ae er me 102 INAS. Bran GTS TERT Se a 0 oI a a em en RS ear or 104 iidesxstos american Mycological Literature 64): 2 os. 24 osteo s ee cnc gee ne nee Li2 No. 3. May The Life History of Ascobolus magnificus, by B. O. DoDGE ........,...... Lis Some Mycological Notes: for. 1919, by L..O. OVERHOLTS ....2.0..:2.0.-- igh Rusts trom Glacier-National Park, Montana, by P. C. STANDLEY ........ 143 New or Noteworthy North American Ustilaginales, by H. S. JAcKson.... 149 EVaOuner New “Title, bye Was Av WURRILL oa tgs ork 6 ose dee Saw bee oes Poo INiGirecm amt tae GMAT LICIES, sehhekeie iis. vie oa seth an AE rg ew OA Fal ee a wees 159 index: to Aimerican’ Mycological Literature 4.00.0 5...00. 02. .eecls. 5st. 172 No:: 4.0 JULY Observations on the Genus Acrospermum, by L. W. RIDDLE ...... Seen ene 175 New Species and Relationships in the Genus Coleosporium, by G. G. PEDe COCK Nhe unr and Gr Go GIAM Nes is ttlsce cs . 2 aye Stoylste eee 182 INGuvesNiyicologicae,. ser X XIX, by P. A. SACCARDO: 05.4055. 0 oe cee bee ces 199 Monograph of the Coryneliaceae (in part), by H. M. F1ITzpaTRIckK ....... 206 V vi TABLE OF CONTENTS e PAGE No. 5. SEPTEMBER Monograph of the Coryneliaceae (concluded), by H. M. Fitzpatrick .... 239 Penicillium spiculisporum, a New Ascogenous Fungus, by S. G. LEHMAN: 268 Some Ustilagineae of the State of Washington, by G. L. ZuNDEL ....... 275 An Undescribed Genea from Michigan, by E. A. BrESSEy and BertHa E, TTTOMPESON vieke sk ee ee Sih esas dea ss 3h) eee 282 Notes and Brief-Articles ... 0.0... 62a ens to we 2 oe 286 Index to American Mycological ‘Literature ~.:.2 52. .5. ee ee 296 No. 6. NovEMBER Light-colored Resupinate Polypores—II, by W. A. MuRRILL ............; 299 Darluca on Peridermium Peckii, by J.-F, ADAMS >... .325%) eee 309 A List of the Pyrenomycetes of Porto Rico Collected by H. H. Whetzel and E. W. Olive, by C.. E.. CHARDONS==. )7).(o5. eee 316 The Fungi of Blacksburg, Virginia, by W. A. MuRrRILE =). 2 con eee New Japanese’ Fungi. Notes and Translations—IX, by T. TANAKA ..... 329 Notes and. Brief Articles 2.50. ..0.. 085. 2004: 2) «0 oe Ae 334 Index to American Mycological Literature .....)) 45755 eee eee ‘ae 343 Index: to.volume: XT) 2. haere “el g aha eid le ae dite "ee epee te 347 oe. My Cpeeatenmerencanees pF At IH aey % tn ~MYCOLOGIA Vou. XII JANUARY, 1920 | No. I PHOTOGRAPHS AND DESCRIPTIONS OF CUP-FUNGI—VIII. ELVELA INFUEA® * AND GYROMITRA ESCULENTAy,. ~Ons) Frep J. SEAVER 2 (WILE PLATE 1) There seems to be considerable confusion and diversity of opinion among students of Ascomycetes as to what constitute the real differences between! Elvela infula Schaeff. and Gyromuitra esculenta (Pers.) Fries. Schaeffer published two plates (159 and 160) in his illustra- tions of fungi which, although they received no specific names in the text, were labeled in the index Elvela infula and Elvela Mitra respectively, the latter being distinguished from the former by its more rugose hymenium. In 1800, Persoon, in his ‘“ Commen- tarius,”’ retained the name Elvela infula in the same sense as used by Schaeffer, but Elvela Mitra was changed to EF. esculenta since E. Mitra had been previously used by Linnaeus for an en- tirely different species. In 1849 Fries established the genus Gyromitra on Elvela escu- lenta, this genus being distinguished from Elvela by the fact that the hymenium is gyrose with elevated ridges, essentially the same character used by Schaeffer in separating the species. Rehm retained the genus Gyromuitra for Elvela esculenta but also included Elvela infula in the genus, as had been previously done by Quélet, citing both plates (pp.) under each species, which would indicate, according to Rehm, that Schaeffer had mixed the 1 The generic name has been variously spelled, Elvela, Elvella, and Hel- vella. In the present paper the original spelling is adopted. [Mycotocia for November (11: 289-337) was issued December 13, 1919] 1 contan In: ti —_ Wins? Wa Ae * 7 a 2 MycoLociA two species on both plates. If Rehm is correct in placing the two species in the same genus, there is no longer any reason for considering them specifically distinct since Fries used the same character in segregating the genus as had previously been used by Schaeffer in separating the species. Gyromitra can not then be regarded as a valid genus, since it was founded on a supposed difference which has been found to no longer exist. Boudier retains the genus Gyromitra, but bases it on an en- tirely different character so as to exclude from the genus the very species on which it was founded. A new genus Physomitra is then proposed which includes the two species which he calls Physomitra infula and Physomitra esculenta. In his description of the last two species, there is a slight difference in the size of the spores, a difference, however, which had not been noted by previous authors. While, to be sure, other differences have been pointed out by more recent authors in addition to those originally mentioned by Schaeffer and Fries, such as the shape of the pileus, the color, the attachment of the pileus to the stem, the inflation of the cap, etc., none of these characters appear to the writer to be any more fixed and reliable than the one originally mentioned. The type of the genus Elvela has the pileus more or less adnate to the stem, so that this character cannot be used as a distinguishing character between’ Elvela and Gyromitra. Even the original illustration of the type of the genus Gyromitra does not show the pileus completely attached to the stem at the margin, as might be inferred from many modern illustrations and descriptions. The inflation of the cap is a character which is common to both Elvela infula and Gyromitra esculenta and one which is most variable and misleading. The difference in the rugosity or gyrosity of the hymenium might be accepted as a good specific and possibly generic char- acter were it not for the fact that we often find all stages of gyrosity in specimens growing apparently from the same myce- lium, and which we have no reason to believe do not represent the same species. It seems to the writer that it was a mistake to establish a genus on a character which is of very doubtful specific SEAVER: CUP—FUNGI 3 value as was done in the case of Gyromitra. This is shown by the fact that no two modern writers seem to agree as to just what. constitutes the difference between Gyromitra esculenta and FElvela ifula. In “Minnesota Helvellineae,’ Miss Hone lists Elvela infula but makes no mention of Gyromitra esculenta. She then ap- pends an extended note explaining why she considers the Minne- sota plant an Elvela instead of a Gyromitra, laying great stress on the absence of what she considers a true inflation of the cap, a character which has been ascribed to Gyromitra by Schroeter. Just what Schroeter would consider a true inflation of the cap is a question which mycologists seem unable to answer. In the “ Discomycetes of Wisconsin,” Dodge lists Elvela infula but does not include Gyromitra esculenta. He apparently found no specimen in Wisconsin which would satisfy the requirements of Gyromitra esculenta as defined by modern authors. The writer, in “Iowa Discomycetes,” listed Gyromitra escu- lenta, but at that time knew nothing of Elvela infula. Yet the illustrations of the Minnesota and Iowa plants which have been placed in different genera might easily pass for the same species. After a comparison of the above lists, the writer is convinced that the three authors are writing about the same plant but calling it by different names. Otherwise, why is it that the two species have never been reported from either of the three adjacent states which have such a close similarity in climate and natural conditions? And European reports are equally puzzling. Rehm in his “Discomycetes of Europe” lists both Gyromitra esculenta and G. infula, but all of the exsiccati mentioned are included under the first. If the two forms are really distinct and both are repre- sented in Europe, it seems strange that Rehm was unable to find any published exsiccati to illustrate the latter species. After a careful examination of all the available facts, the writer is forced to conclude that Gyromitra is what some writers might call a traditional genus, having come down through litera- ture and having been commonly accepted by mycologists but orig- inally founded on a plant which cannot be specifically separated 4 MycoLociIA from Elvela infula. The extreme variability of the species would readily account for all the different interpretations which have been assigned to the two supposed species by different mycolo- gists. I therefore venture to combine the species and append a complete synonymy and description. ELVELA INFULA Schaeff. Fung. Bavar. 4: Ind. 105. 1774. ? Phallus Monacella Scop. Fl. Carn. ed. 2, 2::476,>5 17 FElvela Mitra Schaeff. Fung. Bavar. 4: Ind. 105. 1774. Not &. Mitra L. | Elvela brunnea L. Syst. Nat. 1450. 17096. Helvella esculenta Pers. Comm. Fung. Bavar. 64. 1800. Elvela infula Pers. Syn. Fung. 617. 1801. | Gyromitra esculenta Fries, Summa Veg. Scand. 346. 1849. Elvela rhodopus Krombh. Abbild. 3: 23, 1834. Gyromitra infula Quél. Ench. Fung. 272. 1886. Gyromitra esculenta crispa Peck, Ann. Rep. N. Y. State Mus. 51: 299. 1808. Physomitra infula Boud. Hist. Class. Discom. Eu. 35. 1907. Physomitra esculenta Boud. Hist. Class. Discom. Eu. 35. 1907. Pileus reaching a diameter of 6-8 cm., reflexed and more or less adnate to the stem, very irregular, mitrate, saddle-shaped or occasionally subglobose, even or variously contorted or convo- luted, the color varying from reddish-brown to dark-brown and occasionally almost black; stem reaching a length of 6-8 cm. and a diameter of 5-15 mm.; even or more or less lacunose, never strongly fluted, the color varying from whitish to yellowish or occasionally with a pinkish tint; asci cylindric or subcylindric, reaching a length of 2004 and a diameter of 12-14, 8-spored; spores I-seriate or partially 2-seriate, rather narrow-ellipsoid, containing two oil-drops, about 8-12 X 18-24); paraphyses strongly enlarged at their apices, reaching a diameter of I0n. On the ground or occasionally on rotton wood. TYPE LOCALITY: Europe. DISTRIBUTION: Maine to British Columbia and California. ILLUSTRATIONS: Schaeff. Fung. Bavar. 4: pl. 159, 161; Rab. Krypt.-Fl. 1°: 1174; f. 73; Boud. Ic. Myc.. pl. 223, 227= Fens Champ. Comest. pl. 4; Cooke, Hand. Brit. Fungi 2: 657, f. 322; VOLUME 12, PLATE I MYCOLOGIA ELVELA INFULA SCHAEFF. SEAVER: CuPp—FuUNG1 5 Cooke, Mycographia pl. 89, f. 325 and pl. 90, f. 330; Gill. Champ. Fr. Discom., pl. 19; Massee, Brit. Fungus. Fl. 4: 188, f. 74; Phill. Pan iscom. pl. 1, f. 2; HE. & P. Nat. Pfl. 1: 44, f. 1418; Fries, Sv. Aetl. Svamp. pl. 82 and 83; Krombh. Abbild. pl. 20, f. 6-12 and pl. 21, f. 12-17; Minn. Bot. Studies 3: pl. 3, f. I-3. Exsrecati; N. Am. Fungi 1267; Clements. Crypt. Form. Colo. II. New York BOTANICAL GARDEN. EXPLANATION OF PLATE I Several plants photographed from dried specimens and about one-half nat- ural size. The spores, ascus, and paraphysis were drawn with the aid of the camera lucida with a one-inch eye-piece and a one-sixth objective. The lower figure is the type of E. oregonensis. CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS TO THE POLYPORES OF TEMPERATE NORTH AMERICA | WILLIAM A. MurRRILL During the dozen years or more that have elapsed since the publication of the two parts of North American Flora dealing with polypores, much additional information has been gained that is of value in determining the limitations and distribution of species, as well as the history and nomenclature of type collec- tions. This knowledge has come to me through recent American collections in widely separated regions; through more and better specimens obtained from Europe; and through the increased knowledge and more enlightened opinions of other students of the family. When I undertook the study of polypores, at the suggestion of Dr. Underwood, American collections were in very bad shape, and I afterwards found that European collections were not much better. This was particularly true of American specimens in European herbaria, because few foreign workers took any special interest in them, and they were incorrectly determined and care- lessly handled. Through the valued assistance of American and European mycologists, our knowledge of these plants in America is now fairly accurate and complete, so far as the pileate forms are concerned, and I hope that the same may soon be said of the resupinate species. The notes I have to make at this time deal largely with the nomenclature of temperate species already recognized, and with the addition of new species to our flora. The former will be taken up in the order in which they appear in North American Flora; while the latter will be appended in an alphabetical list of species, regardless of generic or other grouping. : 6 MurriLL: POLYPORES OF TEMPERATE NortH AMERICA T HyYDNOPORIA FUSCESCENS (Schw.) Murrill Change to Hydnochaete olivacea (Schw.) Banker, as published in Mycologia 6: 234. 1914. This species remains in the Poly- poraceae. FOMITIPORIA DRYOPHILA Murrill Probably not distinct from Pyropolyporus Calkinsiu Murrill. CoRIOLUS HIRSUTULUS (Schw.) Murrill. Only a form of Coriolus versicolor (L.) Quél. CORIOLUS PUBESCENS (Schum.) Murrill Add to synonymy P. Grayit Cooke. CoRIOLUS BALSAMEUS (Peck) Murrill This species has been recombined as Tyromyces balsameus (Peck) Murrill. Cortotus Lioypit Murrill This may be only a form of the variable Coriolus pubescens (Schum.) Murrill. CoRIOLUS PINSITUS (Fries) Pat. Add to synonymy Boletus villosus Sw. Prodr. 148. 1788. Not B. villosus Huds. CorIOLUS BIFORMIS Murrill Polyporus biformis Klotzsch having been wrongly interpreted. Coriolus molliusculus (Berk.) Murrill was adopted in “ Northern Polypores”’ for this species. According to Bresadola, who has sent me excellent specimens to support his opinion, Trametes populina (Schulz.) Bres. is not distinct from C. molliusculus. If true, then his name would have priority unless the doubtful Boletus cervinus Schw. could be shown to be the same thing. CORIOLUS PROLIFICANS (Fries) Murrill Change to Coriolus biformis (Klotzsch) Pat. (Polyporus bifor- mis Klotzsch, Linnaea 8: 486. 1833). 8 MycoLoGIA CORIOLELLUS SEPIUM (Berk.) Murrill Add to synonymy Trametes minima, a manuscript name of Berkeley’s recently published for the small, undeveloped form so common on oak, chestnut, etc. TYROMYCES GUTTULATUS (Peck) Murrill According to Bresadola, this is not distinct from Polyporus alutaceus Fries. Tyromyces SMAtLiIt Murrill Polyporus pini-ponderosae Long, recently described from New Mexico, does not appear to be distinct. TYROMYCES TILIOPHILA Murrill Although of large size and found on hardwood, this species should be carefully compared with T. guttulatus (Peck) Murrill and Polyporus alutaceus Fries. TYROMYCES CRISPELLUS (Peck) Murrill A synonym of T. balsameus (Peck) Murrill, as stated in Jour. NY Bot vGard 130177 oi. SPONGIPELLIS GALACTINUS (Berk.) Pat. I have seen no specimens from America that correspond to Spongipellis spumeus of Europe. Trametes malicola Berk. & Curt. is said to be distinct from S. galactinus, under which I doubtfully placed it as a synonym. BJERKANDERA PUBERULA (Berk. & Curt.) Murrill Not sufficiently distinct from B. fumosa (Pers.) P. Karst. HEXAGONA ALVEOLARIS (DC.) Murrill Add to synonymy Favolus Kauffmanu and Favolus Whet- stoneae, both published by Lloyd in Myc. Notes 44: 1916. HEXAGONA STRIATULA (Ellis & Ev.) Murrill This may be only a variety of H. alveolaris (DC.) Murrill. MurRILL: POLYPORES OF TEMPERATE NortTH AMERICA 9 MICROPORELLUS DEALBUTUS (Berk. & Curt.) Murrill I found a plant in North Carolina and I also have one from Auburn, Alabama, collected by Earle and Baker, which appear to be quite distinct from the one usually called M. dealbata. It is claimed that there has been some mistake at Kew and that this thicker plant, often with central stipe, should be called Polyporus dealbatus and the more common one P. mutabilis. If this is true, it would necessitate not only a change of name but also a change in my generic treatment. POLYPORUS CRATERELLUS Berk. & Curt. It is probable that P. cyathiformis Lév. is not distinct. If so, this name should be taken up. P. confusus Massee is a closely related species recently described from Louisiana. POLYPORUS COLUMBIENSIS Berk. This species occurs in Oregon rather than in South Carolina. POLYPORUS HUMILIS Peck Compare Polyporus fractipes Berk. & Curt. POLYPORUS ARCULARIFORMIS Mutrill Only a small form of P. arcularius (Batsch) Fries. POLYPORUS AMYGDALINUS Berk. & Rav. An excellent specimen of this rather imperfectly known species was recently sent in from Montgomery, Alabama, by Dr. R. P. Burke. See list of additions. SCUTIGER RETIPES (Underw.) Murrill Apparently not distinct from specimens of Polyporus pes-caprae collected by Bresadola in Italy. It is reported from New Jersey and North Carolina, as well as from Alabama. SCUTIGER HOLOcYANEusS (Atk.) Murrill This can hardly be distinct from S. caeruleoporus (Peck) Mur- rill, although I have never been able to compare the types. 10 MycoLociAa SCUTIGER RADICATUS (Schw.) Murrill See “ Western Polypores” for a descriptive account of Scutiger hispidellus (Peck) Murrill, which is distinct from Scutiger radi- catus. It is claimed that P. Kansensis is also distinct, on the ground that it is different in habit and also has different spores. SCUTIGER PERSICINUS (Berk. & Curt.) Murrill Compare “Southern Polypores” for notes on a recent collec- tion of this species. ScuTIGER WHITEAE Murrill This is the representative of Polyporus confluens (Alb. & Schw.) Fries in America. It is pale-colored when fresh, re- sembling P. ovinus, but turns reddish instead of gray in the her- barium. I have it from Tolland, Colorado; Banff, Canada; and Hague, New York; as well as from Maine. GRIFOLA PORIPES (Fries) Murrill Change to Grifola cristata (Schaeff.) S. F. Gray. Several col- lections received from Europe show that the American plant is not distinct. It was first described and figured by Schaeffer (Fung. Bavar. Ind. 81. pl. 173. 1774) under the name of Boletus flabelliformis, which he later changed to Boletus cristatus (Fung. Bavar. Ind. 93. pl. 316, 317. 1774). Boletus flabeiliformis was used by Scopoli in 1770 for a different plant. GRIFOLA SUMSTINEI Murrill Change to Grifola mesenterica (Schaeff.) Murrill. Originally described as Boletus mesentericus by Schaeffer (Fung. Bavar. Ind. 91. pl. 267. 1774) and renamed Boletus giganteus by Per- soon. GRIFOLA FRONDOSA (Dicks.) S. F. Gray Some claim that Polyporus intybaceus is distinct. Practically all the specimens so labeled, however, are G. frondosa. MurriLL: PoLYPORES OF TEMPERATE NortH AMERICA 11 GrRIFOLA BERKELEYI (Fries) Murrill Strange as it may seem, this oak-loving species grows on coni- fers in the west, attacking the roots of Abies and even occurring on dead fir wood. Dr. Weir has sent me specimens from Idaho and I have recently received a collection from Corvallis, Oregon, found by Mr. C. E. Owens at the base of a living Abies grandis on October 28. The surface of the western specimens is quite reticulate, but they do not appear to be specifically distinct. GRIFOLA FRACTIPES (Berk. & Curt.) Murrill This was changed to Grifola Peckiana (Cooke) Murrill in “Northern Polypores.” Polyporus fractipes Berk. & Curt., de- scribed from South Carolina, appears to be a different thing, closely related to P. humilis Peck. AURANTIPORUS PILOTAE (Schw.) Murrill Change to Aurantiporus croceus (Pers.) Murrill (Polyporus croceus Pers. Obs. Myc. 1: 87. 1796). Polyporus Pini-cana- densis Schw. can hardly be a synonym of this species. LAETIPORUS SPECIOSUS (Batt.) Murrill Change to Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull.) Murrill (Boletus sul- phureus Bull. Herb. Fr. pl. 420. 1788). It has been decided that Battarra was a non-binomial author, although some of his names happened to be binomial in form. FUNALIA VILLOSA (Sw.) Murrill Change to Funalia versatilis (Berk.) Murrill. Boletus villosus Sw. is Coriolus pinsitus (Fries) Pat., but Swartz’s name cannot be used because B. villosus Huds. is prior. FuNALIA sTUPPEA (Berk.) Murtrill According to specimens from Bresadola, Trametes hispida Bagl. and Trametes Trogu subresupinata are not distinct. Ac- cording to Maire, the name Trametes extenuata (Mont.) Pat. is to be preferred. Roumeguére calls the same plant Trametes hexagonoides Fries. 12 MycoLoGiIA HAPALOPILUS SUBLILACINUS (Fllis & Ev.) Murrill Apparently not distinct from Hapalopilus giluus (Schw.) Mur- rill. HAPALOPILUS GILVUS (Schw.) Murrill Polyporus Hookeru, a manuscript name of Berkeley’s recently published, is synonymous. Polyporus calvescens Berk. is not a synonym. Trametes Petersu Berk. & Curt. is also very probably distinct. INONOTUS HIRSUTUS (Scop.) Murrill Polyporus Bankert C. G. Lloyd is not distinct, according to Lloyd. INoNoTUS DRYOPHILUS (Berk.) Murrill Said to be the same as Polyporus rheades Pers. (Myc. Eur. 2: 69. 1825), found on trunks in France, and synonymous with or very closely related to Polyporus coruscans Fries and other European species. INONOTUS PERPLEXUS (Peck) Murrill Change to Inonotus cuticularis (Bull.) P. Karst. (Boletus cuticularis Bull. Herb. Fr. pl. 462. 1789). INONOTUS AMPLECTENS Murrill If the type of Inonotus fruticum (Berk. & Curt.) Murrill was collected on Asimina, then I. amplectens is probably not distinct from it. INONOTUS RADIATUS (Sow.) P. Karst. Polyporus glomeratus Peck is a distinct species. COLTRICIA PERENNIS (L.) Murrill Polyporus prolificans C. G. Lloyd is said to be a synonym. Ss MurritL: PoLypores OF TEMPERATE NorTH AMERICA 13 COLTRICIA TOMENTOSA (Fries) Murrill Regarding Polyporus dualis, Peck published the following: “In Sylloge, Vol. vi, p. 208, this fungus has been united with P. circinatus, to which it is similar in color and texture, but from which it differs in its shape and habitat. It is dimidiate and stemless, or with only a lateral short stem-like base, and grows from the sides of stumps or dead trunks of spruce or pine trees. The dried specimens are also a little more highly colored than those of P. circinatus. It does not seem right to disregard entirely such differences, and I am unwilling to follow the plan of Sylloge in considering this plant identical with P. circinatus. It is at least worthy of varietal dis- tinction, and may stand under the name P. circinatus Fr. var. dualis Pk.” COLTRICIA OBESA (Ellis & Ev.) Murrill Change to Coltricia Montagnei (Fries) Murrill (Polyporus Montagnei Fries; Mont. Ann. Sci. Nat. II. 5: 341. 1836). CRYPTOPORUS VOLVATUS (Peck) Shear In my “ Northern Polypores” and “ Western Polypores,’ Hub- bard instead of Shear was incorrectly cited as the authority both for the generic name and the specific combination. FoMES rosEus (Alb. & Schw.) Cooke It is claimed by some that the plant called Polyporus carneus in this country is distinct, being thin and annual, while the true I’omes roseus is ungulate. Compare variations occurring in Porodaedalea Pint (Thore) Murrill. PYROPOLYPORUS Mutrill Species of this genus having ferruginous or fulvous spores were transferred to the new genus, Fulvifomes Murrill, in “Northern Polypores,” “Southern Polypores,”’ “Western Poly- ? pores,” and “ Tropical Polypores.” PyrRopoLyporus BAKERI Murrill Specimens of Fomes Hartigu from Bresadola appear very similar on first sight, but are probably distinct. Compare also Fomes robustus. 14 MycoLociIa PYROPOLYPORUS PRAERIMOSUS Mutrill Not specifically distinct from Fulzifomes Everhariu (Ellis & Gall.) Murrill. PYROPOLYPORUS JUNIPERINUS (Schrenk) Murrill Fomes Demido ffi is said to be the same thing. If so, this name will have to be taken up, since it is much older. According to. Saccardo, Fomes Demidoffii Lév. occurs “ad truncos Juniperi excelsae in Europa et Pini silvestris pr. Minussink Sibiriae Asia- ticae.” The description agrees fairly well with that of P. juni- perinus. PyrRopoLyorus EArRLEI Mutrrill Not specifically distinct from Fulvifomes juniperinus (Schrenk) Murrill. GLOBIFOMES GRAVEOLENS (Schw.) Murrill Polyporus botryoides Lévy. is probably not distinct. BEFVINGcrA 2) Kancse Species having hyaline or subhyaline spores were transferred to the new genus, Elfvingiella Murrill, in “ Northern Polypores,” “Southern Polypores,” “Western Polypores,’ and “Tropical Polypores.” ELFVINGIA FASCIATA (Sw.) Murrill The validity of the specific name is in doubt and it may be advisable to use the combination Elfvingiella marmorata (Berk. & Curt.) Murrill for this species. : ELFVINGIA MEGALOMA (Lév.) Murrill Many authors prefer Fomes applanatus for this species, claim- ing that there is no specific difference between the American and European plants.. The earliest name for Fomes applanatus is Boletus lipsiensis Batsch, 1786, and this was taken up in 1903 as Elfvingia lipsiensis (Batsch) Murrill. — - MurriLtL: PoLYPORES OF TEMPERATE NortH AMERICA 15 GANODERMA SESSILE Murrill The type of this species is large and entirely sessile, but a great many forms have been collected since it was described that are furnished with long stipes and seem to connect it up with Poly- porus lucidus of Europe (Ganoderma pseudoboletus (Jacq.) Murrill). According to some authors, Ganoderma subperforatum Atk. is not distinct. The genus is a very difficult one and still requires considerable field work before the limitations of the species are accurately known. DaEpALEA AgscuLt (Schw.) Murrill Use the name Daedalea ambigua Berk. for this species. GLOEOPHYLLUM HIRSUTUM (Schaeff.) Murrill . Overholts includes Trametes protracta Fries as an American species, but says that some consider it only a poroid form of G. hirsutum, which it much resembles. List OF ADDITIONS AsrAMsiAnus. Pyropolyporus Abramsianus Murrill, Western Polypores 26. 1915. Collected several times in California. ADUNCUS. Polyporus aduncus C. G. Lloyd, Letter No. 56: 5; Syaeapus Pol; 354. 1915.. Type not seen. Belongs in Inonotus. “ Pileus dimidiate, 1.cm. thick, unicolorous brown. Surface with coarse, brown, hispid hairs. Context brown. Pores small, round, brown. Setae few, large, 8-10 X 60-75 uw, deeply colored, with peculiar, hooked points. Spores hyaline, smooth, 4 X 5-6yu, not guttulate. Spores are a little larger than Polyporus leporinus, but otherwise it is exactly the same, excepting the sur- face, which is quite different. It is very rare, only known from one specimen from E. K. Abbott, Monterey, California, and grew on the roots of a pine tree. To the eye it resembles Polyporus cuticularis, but has no relation to it otherwise.” AMARUS. Fomes amarus (Hedgcock) Murrill, Western Polypores 25. 1915. Found on incense cedar in Oregon and California. 16 MycoLoGciIa AMORPHUS. Tyromyces amorphus (Fries) Murrill, Mycologia 10: 109. pl. 6, f. 5. 1918. Rare on conifers in northern regions. AMYGDALINUS. Polyporus amygdalinus Berk. & Rav.; Berk. Gre- villea 1: 49. 1872. ‘Described from South Carolina, ion) oak, and poorly represented until Dr. R. P. Burke recently sent me splendid specimens from Alabama. They suggest Laetiporus sulphureus, but are not brilliantly colored and the context is very soft corky instead of rigid when dry. ARCTOSTAPHYLI. Fomes Arctostaphyli Long. Compare depauper- ate forms of Pyropolyporus igniarius. AURICULATUS. Pseudofavolus auriculatus Pat. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 24:4. 1908. Described from\ Louisiana and said ta 5e- semble Hexagona cucullata (Mont.) Murrill. BOREALIS. Fomes borealis C. G. Floyd, Syn. Fomes 247. 10915. Type not seen. Apparently a species of Pyropolyporus. “Pileus ungulate, with a thin, pale, smooth, hard crust, variegated with darker spots. Context hard, dark brown (amber brown). Setae slender, numerous, dense. Spores hyaline, globose, 6 uw. “T found this on the birch at Temagami, Ontario. It is closely related to igniarius and nigricans. The marked feature is the dense setae on the hymenium.” Brownil. L£lfvingia Brown Murrill, Western Polypores 29. 1915. Found in California. CAESIOSIMULANS. Tyromyces caesiosimulans Atk. Ann. Myc. 6: 61. 1908. Said to be near T. caesius, but to have globose. pedicellate spores. CALVESCENS. Polyporus calvescens Berk. Ann. Nat. Hist. 3: 390. 1839. Described from New Orleans, Louisiana, and not since collected. _ CARBONARIUS. See Tyromyces carbonarius Murrill in Western Polypores, p. 8. CONFLUENS. Polyporus confluens (Alb. & Schw.) Fries. I have examined many specimens in herbaria and have studied fresh plants with Bresadola at Mendel Pass, but nothing I have seen from America seems to match it. It is pale-red at first, be- coming almost as brilliantly colored as Hypomyces lactifluorum. Mr. Lloyd reports having seen a specimen from Massachusetts collected by Mrs. Blackford. MurRRILL: POLYPORES OF TEMPERATE NorTH AMERICA 17 conFrusus. Polyporus confusus Mass. Kew Bull. I910: 250. 1910. Described from Louisiana. See “Southern Polypores,” p. 22. Closely related to Polyporus cyathiformis Lév. CONGLOMERUS. Polystictus conglomerus C. G. Lloyd, Myc. Notes so: 706. f. 1056. 1917. Type not seen, but doubtless belongs in Cortolus. “ Pileus thin, rigid, developed from a hard, white, conglomerate, myceloid base. Surface unicolorous, between isabelline and honey yellow, velvety with soft hairs, faintly zoned. Pores minute, rigid, alutaceous. Spores 3 X 5, hyaline. “The feature of this plant is the method of development from a con- glomerate base, unknown to me in any other species. The rigid pileus and pores point to Trametes, but it is customary to refer such thin plants to Polystictus. In grouping it we would put the species in the same section as versicolor. The specimens were sent to Mr. Plitt by Dr. H. E. Hone from California.” CUTIFRACTUS. See Tyromyces cutifractus Murrill in Western Polypores, p. 7. CYLINDRISPORA. Poria (or Fomes) cylindrispora C. G. Lloyd, Letter 65:9. March,1917. Fomitiporia cylindrispora (Lloyd) Murrill. Type not seen. Described from Weir’s collection in Montana. “Perennial, resupinate, %-1 inch thick. Context ferruginous (about snuff brown Ridgway). Pores minute, with silvery glancing mouths. Pore layer narrow, 2-3 mm. wide. Setae abundant, slender, not inflated at base. Spores hyaline, cylindrical, 21%4-3 X 6-7, smooth. “Mr. Weir finds this abundant on Quercus Garryana. To the eye it is same as the common Poria punctata (Poria obliqua of American traditions, not Europe), but no other known similar species has cylindrical spores.” EPILEUCUS. Not American, so far as I know. Fartowil. Polyporus Farlowu C. G. Lloyd, Syn. Apus Pol. 363. f.697. 1915. Type not seen. Apparently belongs in Inonotus. “Pileus applanate, wavy. Surface strongly hispid, with suberect, brown hairs. Context hard, ferruginous, brown (antique brown), fibrillose. Pores small, round, firm, concolorous. Setae abundant, straight, projecting 30m. Spores colored, ellipitical, 21% x 4%-s. “The type at Kew was collected in Arizona and, according to the label, sent by Farlow to Cooke, who determined it as Polyporus endocrocinus. The yellow coloring matter is not soluble in water, but readily so in a potash solu- tion. This must be an unusual species in our Western States. It has never reached us, nor is it found at New York.” i 8 MycoLociIa FLORIFORMIS. Reported from America, but I have seen no American specimens that match those from Europe. FRACTIPES. Polyporus fractipes Berk. & Curt. Grevillea 1: 38. 1872. Collected a few times in South Carolina and Louisiana. Polyporus humilis Peck is closely related. | FRAGILIS. Spongipellis fragilis (Fries) Murrill, Southern Poly- pores 61. 1915. I have European specimens from Bresadola and Karsten and American specimens collected by Atkinson at Ithaca and in North Carolina, and by myself at Ohio Pyle, Pennsylvania, and at Lake Placid, New York. Fungi Columb. 4749, collected at London, Canada, by Dearness, and distrib- uted as P. mollis (Pers.) Fries is not distinct. Peck got it at Pine Hill, New York, and called it P. Weinmanni Fries. Com- pare Fries Icon. pl. 182, f. 2. My Spongipellis sensibilis, from the West, is closely related. FUMIDICEPS. Tyromyces fumidiceps Atk. Ann. Myc. 6: 61. 1908. _ Said to be near T. chioneus, but to have a darked pileus and very different spores. GILVOIDES. Trametes gilvoides C. G. Lloyd, Myc. Notes 38: 520. f. 516. 1912. Collected by Lloyd on an oak branch in Florida in January, 1897, and never seen elsewhere by him. I have not seen the type, but it apparently belongs to Pogonomyces. “Entire plant gilvous brown, pileus subresupinate, adnate, the surface of the pileus covered with rigid, brown setae in the same manner as those of Trametes hydnoides. Context gilvous brown. Hymenium with numerous slender setae of the “ Hymenochaete” type. Pores small, round, with glanc- ing mouths. Spores globose, 2% X 34, hyaline (or perhaps pale colored).” cLomERATUS. Polyporus glomeratus Peck, Ann. Rep. N. Y. State Mus. 24: 78. 1873. Inonotus glomeratus (Peck) Murrill. Distinguished from Inonotus radiatus by its more resupinate habit and peculiar cystidia. Granti. Polyporus Grantii C. G. Lloyd, Myc. Notes 53: 763. fa £147. IG1S8., lype potiseen. “ White, spathulate to a rooting base. Surface smooth, apparently a little glutinose when fresh. Context white, hard. Pores minute, white. Spores (if correctly seen) globose, 6-7 mic., minutely rough. “ Based on a single half specimen (62) from J. M. Grant, Washington. It grew on a log. At first I thought it was Polyporus osseus, one of our rare RR et ne ee ee ee MURRILL: POLYPORES OF TEMPERATE NorTH AMERICA 19 species, which with us is usually greyish, but in Europe is white, but the spores of the two species are entirely different, if I see them correctly. The habitat also differs. When fresh the plant was probably slightly viscid as Abies needles are adherent to the surface.” HETEROMORPHA. Daedalea heteromorpha Fries, Obs. Myc. 1: 108. 1815. Overholts thinks we have this or a closely related species in America. He cites a specimen from Idaho with hymenium partly lamellate and partly poroid and spores cylin- dric, hyaline, 9-11 X 3-4p. Lloyd in Myc. Notes. 59, 1919, gives several figures of this plant, practically all of which show large, irregular pores like those of Coriolellus sepium, to which species I have been referring the above forms. According to Lloyd, his Trametes lacerata and Coriolellus sepium are both practically the same as Daedalea heteromor pha. HISPIDELLUS. Scutiger hispidellus (Peck) Murrill, Western Polypores 16. 1915. It is quite distinct from Scutiger radi- Gos seuw.) Murrill. I have recently received excellent specimens from the state of Washington. According to Lloyd, the species is not distinct from Polyporus lirtus Quel. of Europe. In support of his opinion, I find the dried specimens bitter, as described by Quélet; and it has been my experience that species occurring both in the northeastern United States and in the extreme Northwest are rather apt to be found also in Europe and around the world in northern regions. This distribution, of course, dates back to land connections and a different climate. | KrekEI. Trametes Krekei C. G. Lloyd, Letter No. 69: 12. 1910. Type not seen. Compare Coriolellus serialis and Trametes Morgani. “ Pileate with narrow pileate development, but very long, decurrent pores. Color pale reddish. Pores large, angular. Spores abundant, globose, 6 X 7 mu. “The receipt of this fine specimen which was unfamiliar to me led to the. study of the unnamed Trametes that have accumulated and the publication of Trametes Morgan. It is very similar‘ to Morganii to the eye (but not the same), but the spores are entirely different. Rev. Kreke collected it in Frank- lin County, Indiana, and it must be rare, for I have no other specimen.” Leet. Inonotus Leei Murrill, Western Polypores 21. 1915. Found on oak in California. 20 MycoLocIa LUDOVICIANUS. Inonotus ludovicianus (Pat.) Murrill, Southern Polypores 41. 1915. On oak wood in South Carolina and Louisiana. It is a near relative of Inonotus cuticularis. MALICOLA. Trametes malicola Berk. & Curt. Jour. Acad. Phila. II. 3: 209. 1856. Coriolellus malicola (Berk. & Curt.) Mur- rill. There are many dried specimens of this plant in the Gar- den herbarium which have seemed to connect up rather closely with small-pored forms of Coriolellus sepium. At Yama Farms, November 8, 1919, I collected several fresh specimens on apple-tree logs. ) McMurpuyi. Polyporus McMurphyi Murrill, Western Poly- pores 12. 1915. Found in California. MERISMA. Trametes merisma Peck, Bull. N. Y. State Mus. 139: 31.. 1910. Pendant. from fallen beech trunks: Morcanil. Trametes Morganu C. G. Lloyd, Letter No. 69: 15. 1919. This plant was incorrectly called Trametes rigida by Morgan. I have specimens of it, to which I several years ago assigned a manuscript name but never published it because it seemed to me too near to Coriolellus serials. According to Lloyd, who describes it at length in the letter cited above, the same thing occurs under other names in Europe, where it is spore-bearing and always resupinate. He objects to Romell’s name, Polyporus albocarneogilvidus, as being too long,—and one can hardly blame him. OREGONENSIS. See Scutiger oregonensis Murrill in Western Polypores, p. 15. ossEuS. Polyporus osseus Kalchb. Enum 1, p. 160. Occasional northward. See Western Polypores,’ p13. ovinus. Polyporus ovinus (Schaeff.) Fries. Scutiger .ovinus (Schaeff.) Murrill. I have two American collections which I have referred to this species, one from Alabama sent by Dr. Burke, and one made by myself on a shady bank in coniferous woods at Camp Kanosa in the Adirondacks. The latter speci- mens were white beneath and pale-rosy-isabelline above, be- coming rather gray in the herbarium and resembling Scutiger griseus (Peck) Murrill. Scutiger Wiuteae Murrill is nearer P. confluens. MurRRILL: POLYPORES OF TEMPERATE NorTH AMERICA 21 PENNSYLVANICUS. Polyporus pennsylvanicus Sumstine, Jour. Myc. 13: 137. 1907. Reported also from Ohio and elsewhere, some of the specimens having been called P. pallidus. It has smaller scales than P. caudicinus. PERDELICATUS. See Tyromyces perdelicatus Murrill in Western Polypores, p. 9. Petersil. Trametes Petersti Berk. & Curt. Grevillea 1: 66. 1872. Described from Alabama and not since collected. See “Southern Polypores,” p. 61. PSEUDOTSUGAE. See Tyromyces Pseudotsugae Murrill in West- ern Polypores, p. 9. PUSILLUS. Trametes pusillus C. G. Lloyd, Myc. Notes 54: 774. Formos. TO1S. Collected in Minnesota by Dr. S. M. Stocker. Type not seen. “ Pileus small, 1-1%4 cm., dimidiate, white. Margin acute. Surface dull, faintly greyish, unzoned, very minutely pubescent. Pores white, small, round, rigid, with white mouths. Cystidia none. Spores cylindrical, hyaline, smooth, 3-X< 6p. “When I first saw this collection I thought of Fomes Ohiensis (cf. Fomes Synopsis p. 218), but it did not look exactly right. The spores I found were entirely different. I do not know of any other species, excepting Fomes Ohiensis with which it can be confused. The pores are not in strata, hence these specimens are not Fomes, but the species may turn out to be a Fomes, the same as Fomes Ohiensis, which was thought at first to be a Trametes. The plant is quite close to a form of Trametes ‘sepium we often find with little pilei, but its habits are different and its pores much smaller.” PUTEARIUS. Fomes putearius Weir, Jour. Agric. Research 2: 163. pl. 9. 1914. Described from the Northwest on coni- ferous wood, with a preference for larch. I have before me specimens from Weir which appear to match in every particu- lar specimens collected by Bresadola on fir near Trient and labeled “ Fomes spongiosus Pers. (== Fomes tenuis Karsten).” | Compare Boletus spongiosus Pers. Syn. Fung. 543 and Boletus resupinatus Bolton, Hist. Fung. 165. pl. 165. It is interesting to have this species so well worked up by Mr. Weir for America. “ Sporophores hard, woody, very irregularly lobed, recurving, slightly con- chate to applanate, occasionally broadly spreading to typically resupinate. The resupinate sporophores are often a foot or more in length. Pileate forms 12 29 MycoLociIA to 14 by 6 to 8 by 0.4 cm. The surface in young specimens is velvety or tomentose, later becoming slightly incrusted, but always more or less corky, zonate, much wrinkled and furrowed in old age, in color deep brown, be- coming darker; margin lighter colored, undulate, tomentose, thin, with narrow sterile border when young, later becoming thickened, rounded, and recurved by the successive annual layers; context corky to woody, thick deep brown; tubes irregularly but distinctly stratified 2 to 3 mm. long each season, but much longer in resupinate forms, brown; mouths uniformly oval, varying in size, 4 to 8 to a millimeter, edges thick, ferruginous; spores colored, globose, smooth, 7 to 8m; spines dark brown, slightly ventricose 13 to 25 by 6m.” RIGIDUS. Polyporus rigidus Lev. Ann. Sci. Nat) Tiny aero: 1844. It is claimed that this Javan species, which somewhat resembles Rigidoporus surinamensis, occurs in Missouri and Florida. I have not seen the American collections upon which this claim is based. SENSIBILIS. See Spongipellis sensibilis Murrill in Western Poly- pores, p. 10. Closely related to Spongipellis fragilis (Fries) Murrill. | sETOSUS. Trametes setosus Weir, Jour. Agric. Research 2: 164. pl. 10. 1914. Described from Idaho on Pinus monticola, and said to be destructive to coniferous wood in the Northwest from Vancouver, B. C., to Montana. Compare small, poroid forms of Porodaedalea Pini (Thore) Murrill. “Sporophores pileate or entirely resupinate, depending upon its position in the substratum. The resupinate forms have sharply defined sterile margins and are usually found on the underside of logs, where they may extend for a distance of a foot or more. The distinctly sessile pileate forms are usually free from each other, but may be connected by the resupinate portion, occa- sionally narrowed at the point of attachment, mostly thickened at the base, rarely applanate or conchate, averaging 1 by 2 by 2 cm. Surface minutely tomentose, becoming smooth or weathered in old specimens, zonate, rich dark brown, uneven; margin thick, of lighter color, entire, becoming slightly serrate in old age, slightly sterile; context ferruginous or fulvous, spongy to corky, slightly zonate, particularly in old specimens; tubes long, often filled with:a grayish mycelium, 1 to 1.5 mm.; mouths small, mostly angular, occasionally labyrinth-like, 3 to 6 to a millimeter, edges thick, tomentose; spores hyaline, 4 to 5 by 3m. The character that distinguishes the species from all of its near relatives is the immense number of long dense brown setae lining the interior of the tubes. In no other species known to the writer is this char- acter so distinctly pronounced. The longest spines measure 41.45 m, the shortest about 22.16 mu, with an average of 30.46mu. The nature and immense number of these setae may be determined by a study of Plate X, figure II.” th ee Pm me Og a MurRRILL: POLYPORES OF TEMPERATE NorTH AMERICA 23 SMARAGDINUS. Polyporus smaragdinus C. G. Lloyd, Myc. Notes Perel.) 7. 1305.. 1919.. Collected by Dr. J. F. Brencklé on a sycamore log in Arkansas. Type not seen. “<‘Pileus dimidiate, 1-2 inches thick. Surface dull, uneven, with thin, buff cuticle. Context white, hard when dry. Pores minute, 4-6 mm. deep, with pale greenish tissue and brown mouths. Cystidia none. Spores globose, hyaline, 6. Conidial spores abundant, small, subglobose, 2-3 yn, hyaline. “The colors are those of the dried specimen. I judge that of the pore mouths has changed in drying. The pale green pore tissue is an unusual feature. I do not recall it in any other species.” SPUMEUS. ‘This species has several times been reported, but [ have seen no American specimens that correspond with those I have from Europe. SUBPENDULUS. Tyromyces subpendulus Atk. Ann. Myc. 6: 61. 1908. On hemlock; resembling Porodisculus pendulus in siiape. ype not seen. SUBSTIPITATUS. See Tyromyces substipitatus Murrill in Western Polypores, p. 9. TEPHROLEUCUS. Reported from America, but I have seen no American specimens that correspond with European material. TORULOSUS. Fomes torulosus Pers. Reported by Lloyd from Louisiana, growing on live oak. He says that Fomes fuscopur- pureus Boudier, pl. 152, is the same thing and that the spores are hyaline. I have not seen the Louisiana specimens, unless they were some I determined for Edgerton as Hapalopilus licnoides. This species gets quite thick at times and appears to be perennial. — uRSINUS. Polyporus ursinus C. G. Lloyd, Syn. Apus Pol. 319. 7.1059, 000. 1955. Type not seen. Compare the description carefully with Spongipellis fragilis (Fries) Murrill. “Pileus dimidiate (1 X 5X7 cm.), white, but turning reddish when bruised and on drying. Surface strongly scrupose, tomentose, with rigid, tufted hairs, which have the same color change as the flesh. Flesh white, soft when fresh, but drying firm and hard. Pores medium large, sinuate, white, discolored in drying. Spores narrow-piriform, tapering to the base. 2% X 8-10. “This we collected growing on pine at Temagami, Ontario, August, 1907. We referred it, from the description, with which it agrees exactly, to Poly- borus Weinmanni of Europe, but we find the type of the latter plant at Kew is quite different, being Polyporus mollis. We think Professor Peck has col- 24 MYcCOLoGIA lected the same plant (cfr. Rep. 31) and also referred it to Polyporus Wein- mann.” VARIIFORMIS. Polyporus varuformis Peck, Ann. Rep. N. Y. State Mus. 42: 26. 1889. This was referred by me to Coriolel- lus serials (Fries) Murrill, but some authors claim that it is distinct. I must look at Peck’s types again. vARIUS. Polyporus varius (Pers.) Fries. Polyporus calceolus (Bull.) Murrill, Bull. Torrey Club 31: 41. 1904. Specimens collected in British Columbia by Macoun and at Clyde, New York, by O. F. Cook correspond very closely with specimens obtained by me in Sweden. In America, the species is rare and northern. WASHINGTONENSIS. See Coriolus washingtonensis Murrill in Western Polypores, p. 4. Weir. Fomitiporia Weir Murrill, Mycologia 6: 93. pl. 122. IQ14. ZELLERI. Polyporus Zeller Murrill, Western Polypores 13. 1915. Found at Seattle, Washington. ZONATUS. Coriolus gonatus (Fries) Quél. When I examined numbers of fresh and dried Specimens of this common Euro- pean species several years ago, I did not feel justified in admit- ting it to our flora. I have since seen specimens from Canada and New England which approach it very closely. New York BotTANICAL GARDEN. tet ong id)... ye ie Ae ona NEW JAPANESE FUNGI NOTES AND TRANSLATIONS—VIII TyOzABuRO TANAKA PHYTOPHTHORA Carica (Hara) Hori ex K: Sawada in Taiwan Hakubutsu Gakkwai Kwaiho (Journ. of Formosan Nat. lichy Soc.) no.1260: 174-179. ‘TT: 5, xi, Nov. 1916: (Jap- anese. ) Kawakamia Carica Hara, Nogyokoku (Country of Agricul- ture) 9?: 24-27. Mar. 1915; in Nippon Engei Zasshi (Journ, Fort. Soc., Japan) 30*: 20-22. Apr. 1918. Phytophthora Fici Hori, Bydcht-gai Zasshi (Journ. Plant Prot.) 274: 930-932. Nov. 1915. Phytophthora Carica (Hara) Hori in Bydcht-gai Zasshi Chowan, Plant Prot,)-212: 1015-1017. Dec. rors. Phytophthora Carica Hara, K. Hara’s Kwaju Byogairon (A Discourse on Fruit Diseases) p. 431-436. Nov. 1916. Phytophthora sp. Moeller in Bot. Mittheil. a. d. Tropen 9:3. Igor (ex Sawada) ; Wilson in Mycologia 47: 77. 1914. (ex Sawada). Aerial hyphae branching, thin-walled, continuous or septate at maturity, hyaline, 3-10 across; conidiophores solitary or fasci- culate, much resembling aerial hyphae, simple or branching di- rectly below the conidium, or irregularly forked, continuous or rarely septate, 36-480 long, seldom attaining to 1,000p, 3.5-4.5 across; conidia pyriform, oblong, ellipsoid, ovoid, or fusoid, bear- ing a distinct papilla 4-8, long, thin-walled, finely granulate, nyaline, 26-112 X 16-45 pw, wall contiguous to the end of conidio- phores, often thickened, falling off at times with a part of coni- diophore, germinating in water with germ tube or liberating zoospores after 35 minutes; zoospores several dozen from one conidia, ovoid or ellipsoid, ciliate at both ends, 12 xX 8y, later transforming themselves into transparent, spherical resting-spores of 9-12 in diam., which also soon germinate with germ tube 3-4 » across; germ tubes of conidia protrude usually from apical 25 26- MycoLociIa papilla but occasionally from other part much branched, 4-10 p across, often terminated by acrogenous secondary spore of the shape of conidia, otherwise a globe, which germinates with germ tube or produces zoospores on germination; chlamydospores formed in the host tissue at ends of endogenous hyphae, seldom formed on conidiophores, globose, ochraceous, 15-49 », commonly 40-45 p, wall at first thin, later thickened to measure 2p across; oogonia and odspore yet unknown. | On Ficus Carica, causing white-rot (Shiro-kusare in Japanese) of fruits. | Type localities: Komaba, Tokyo, College of Agmenitiire grounds, on “ White Genoa,” Sept. 1909, S. Kawagoe & K.:Hara (ex Hara); Gumma-ken Agricultural Experiment Station grounds, on “ Black California;’*Sept. 19015 (ex Hem Distribution: Taiwan (Formosa), also occurring on “ Black California” (ex Sawada). Hara states (in Kwaju Byogairon p. 432) the disease com- mences in August or September. The fruit becomes darker in color and water-logged in appearance and is followed by imme- diate liquefaction and decay. The affection is at first limited to a small sunken area, but soon spreads over the entire fruit, devel- oping in a few days a thick cottony cover of mycelium on its surface. A disagreeable odor usually accompanies the decay. The surface of rotten fruits remaining on the twig is white and longitudinally wrinkled in the dried condition. Illustrations: Hara’s Kwaju Byogairon (p. 433) gives 8 wood- cut figures illustrating the details of the fungus. Notes: According to Hara’s point of view, the genus Kawa- kama ought to have its conidiophores unbranched or at least not branching immediately below the conidia (Hara ’18 p. 22. See above). This distinction, however, is very uncertain and unre- liable, as irregular branching of conidiophores is often observed in well established species of Phytophthora, e. g. P. omnivora. Sawada, dwelling upon Kawakamia Cyperi (Publication no. 102 of ‘Agric. Exp. Stat., Taiwan, p. 10-18. June, 19026)( nreutly pointed out that the most important difference of Kawakamia from Phytophthora consists in having (1) well-developed haus- toria and (2) its antheridia not tightly surrounding the odgonial TANAKA: NEW JAPANESE FUNGI 27 stalk, but simply attaching to the wall of oogonia at an arbitrary point, and (3) in its obligate parasitic nature. The conidium of Kawakamia is often reported to bear a collar cell at the basal end, but Sawada found this as a mere thickening of the wall, which is more prominent in Kawakamuia than in Phytophthora. CAPNoDIUM TANAKAE Shirai and Hara sp. nov. in K. Hara’s Kwaju Bydgairon (A discourse on fruit diseases) p. 239-242. as xi, Nov. 1916. (Japanese. ) Perithecia cylindric, simple or branched, with enlarged spher- ical apex containing asci, wall fungoid-parenchymatous in tex- ture; asci clavate, tapering at both ends when fully matured, 6-8- spored, 30-45 X 10-12; ascospores oblong or fusoid, not acutely pointed at both ends but rather blunt, 3-septate, fuscous, I0- 15 X 4-5 p. Saprophytic on fruits of Citrus grandis (pummelo), forming irregular patches of thin felt of dirty blackish color, which onlv temect the light slightly. In culture, hyphae and a form of conidia developed, which are not sufficiently worked out to prove whether they belong to a generation of this species or something else. Hyphae thus formed are at first whitish, then turn to the characteristic sooty color, plentiful, branching, septate, 3-5» across ; upright hyphae resume a role of conidiophores, producing catenulate conidia at the end; conidia ellipsoid or ovoid, both ends rounded, smooth, continuous, 10-17 & 5-7 p. The crust is distinctly lighter in color than that of Capnodium salicinum and lacks the luster almost entirely. Microscopic char- acters are also distinct. No species resembling this has hitherto been described. Illustrations: One woodcut and 1 black and white halftone Hes ure showing the details of the fungus. Note: The type material was collected by Tanaka at Kajiya, Yoshihama-mura, Kanagaa-ken, Nov. 7, 1909. GLOEOSPORIUM FOLIICOLUM Nishida sp. nov. in T. Nishida’s Shin- pen Kankitsu no Bydgai to Yoboho (A new discourse on citrus diseases and their protective measures) Tokyo, p. 111- ms) L.-32, xt, Nov. 1914. (Japanese). 28 MycoLoGiA Gloeosporium citricolum Hori in Kwaju (Fruit Tree) no. 123: 21. June, 1913; in Engei no Tomo (Friend of Horticulture) 9’: 627. Jul. 1913; in S. Hori’s Shokubutsu Byogai Kowa (Lectures on plant diseases) 2: 113-114. Nov. 1916. not Massee. Acervuli plentifully formed on upper surface of fallen leaves, also appearing in less amount on lower surface, scattered or more or less loosely gregarious, first subepidermal, later erumpent and raised, light reddish-brown, about 120 u in diam., also occur- ring on young twigs and on fruits; conidiophores densely fascicu- late, cylindric, subacutely tapering toward the apex, 2—3-septate, branching, hyaline, 36-48 X 4-5 », terminated by conidia; conidia cylindric, not curved, rounded at the apex, bluntly pointed at the base, hyaline, sparingly nucleate, 14-20 X 4-Op, germinating from either end. On Citrus spp. particularly on Navel orange, Satsuma (Citrus nobilis var. Unshiu), and Natsu-daidai (Japanese summer orange resembling grape-fruit). Localities: Prefectures Wakayama, Hiroshima; Islands Kyt- shi, Taiwan. Spots first appear on leaves in spring and summer as cloud- like irregular patches of somewhat dark color, which are in- definitely margined from the healthy part. Such leaves soon lose their vigor and defoliation immediately follows. Minute pinkish pustules then appear plentifully on the surface of fallen leaves. New shoots and fresh tips of the twig are also attacked, causing immediate change of color to yellowish-brown and finally to black, resulting in the entire death of that portion. On fruit, brownish spots are commonly met with, which soon develop pinkish pustules on the surface as in the case of the leaf. Illustrations: 1 photograph (halftone) of badly damaged Sat- suma plant at Wakayama prefecture(in 1911 ),and 1 woodcut show- ing a diseased leaf, conidiospores and conidia (both in Nishidal.c.). Notes: In above cited literature Hori insists on the similarity — of this fungus to Gloeosporium citricolum Massee, though it seems rather distinct in having branched conidiophores. Hemmi recently pointed out the parasitic nature of this fungus in Sap- poro Norin Gakkwaihd (Journ. Soc. Agric. & Forestry, Sap- i ; TANAKA: NEw JAPANESE FUNGI 29 poro) 10*°: 239-282. Oct. 1918, while Sawada (in Taiwan Agr. Ep eotat: Public. No. 100: 4.. June 1916) and Hara (Dis- course on fruit diseases p. 284. 1916) maintain their opinion that this is saprophytic. The disease is now widely spread all over Japan and Formosa causing annually somewhat notable damage to various kinds of Citrus, especially to Satsuma orange. Protective measures are also studied by local agricultural experi- ment stations, for instance Wakayama-ken prefectural station (see. Progress Report for Fiscal Year Taisho 3, 1914, etc., etc.). DACTYLARIA PANICI-PALUDOSI Sawada sp. nov. in Taiwan Haku- butso Gakkwai Kwaiho (Journ. of Formosan Nat. Hist. Soc.), no. 22: 78-80. T. 4, xii, Dec. 1915. (Japanese). Foliicolous; spots at first orbicular, later forming fusiform areas of 5-23 X 2-4 mm., olivaceous-brown, then producing a _ gray or dark-colored, dusty substance which covers the lower surface, finally changing from the middle, into straw color; conidiophores fasciculate, simple or occasionally branched ; curved near the apex, I-3-septate, cinereous, 80-160 X 4-5 p, bearing a few conidia, not more than 10; conidia oblong-ovoid to obclavate, obtuse at the apex, rounded or rostrate at the base, 2-septate, slightly constructed, hyaline or cinereous, 17-26 X 8.5-12 p, aver- age 22 X 10.2m, germinating in water in two hours, germ tube long, 2m in diam., never producing chlamydospores. On living leaves of Panicum paludosum. Type localities: Chonaihosho, Taihoku-ch6o, Taiwan, Apr. 5 & Oct. 25, 1907, Suzuki; Aug. 13 & Nov. 16, 1908, Fujikuro; June 19, 1909, Sawada ; Oct. 6, 1909, Fujikuro; May 16, 1910, Sawada; Sept. 23, 1910 & July 6, 1911, Fujikuro; Sept. 4, 1911, June 20, July 15, Aug. 7, 1914, & Nov. 21, 1915, Sawada: Kyiik6, Shin- chiku-ch6, Oct. 10, 1915, Sawada: Taichi, Taichii-ch6, Oct. 11, 1913, Fujikuro; June 1, 1907, Suzuki: Toseikaku, Taihoku-cho, June 3, 1907, Suzuki: Rinkiho, Kagi-ch6, May 27, 1907, Suzuki: Koshiken, Tainan-cho, Nov. 8, 1909, Sawada: Bokusekikaku, Kwarenko-chd, May 12, 1909, & May 30, 1911, Sawada. Notes: Differs from rice blast fungus in its short and broad conidia which usually have marked elongation of: rostra at the base, and also producing no chlamydospore on germination. This fungus is unable to infect the rice plant by inoculation, just as rice 30 MycoLociIA blast fungus does no injury to Panicum paludosum. Similar rela- tion was also found true in case of the Dactylaria of Panicum sanguinale. In a later article (Noji Shikenjo Tokubetsu Hokoku—Special Bull, Agr. Exp. Stat—Taiwan, no. 16: 65-66. June 1917). Sawada revised the diagnosis in following points: Young round spots measure 2-3 mm. in diam.; conidiophores _ slightly swollen near the base, bearing I-10 conidia on alternately inflected apices, brownish-gray, decreasing in intensity toward the apex; conidia pyriform or elongated-pyriform, with collar cell of 1.7-2m diam., 17-28 X 8.5-I12 p average 22.5 X 10.2 p, ter- minal cell 4-11» average 7.4, central cell 5-8.5 average 7p, basal cell 6-10, average 8.1; diameter of germ tube 3-3.5 np. Two additional plates (black and white lithograph) illustrate conidiophores, conidia and the germination of conidia, and one woodcut figure (on p. 20) gives general appearance of an af- rected’ lear, DACTYLARIA LEERSIAE Sawada sp. nov. in Taiwan Hakubutsu Gakkwai Kwaiho (Journ. of Formosan Nat. Hist. Soc.), no. 27/28: 252-253. T.°5, xi, Dec. 1016. Glaganeces) Foliicolous; spots usually orbicular, 2-3 mm. in diam:, or nearly fusiform, 5 X 2 mm., straw-colored at center, brown on margin ; conidiophores fasciculate or solitary, simple, 2—3-septate, a little swollen near the base, alternately inflected at the apex, brownish-gray at the lower part, gradually becoming lighter to- ward the apex, 48-88 & 4-5; conidia short-conic to elongate- conic, 2-septate, not constricted, rounded at the base which ends with a collar cell of 1.2-1.8 in diam., hyaline, 20-35 X 7-10, average 27 X 8.6, apical cell 6-13, average 8.7, central cell 7-12, average 8.2, basal cell 7-12, average 9p, basal cell not sinuate toward the papilla; germ tubes 3-4’ diam., septate, bear- ing acrogenous chlamydospores, chlamydospores cinereous, 9.5— 12 9-10. On living leaves of Leersia hexandra. Type localities: Chénaihosho, Taihoku-cho, Taiwan, July 3, 1914, and Apr. 15, Dec. 4, 1915, and Aug. 18, 1916, Sawada; Shirin, Taihoku-ché, Sept. 23, 1916, Sawada. Notes: Almost similar to rice blast fungus, only differing in (1) smaller collar cells which are attached to non-attenuated Jae Siar rthe eee TANAKA: NEW JAPANESE FUNGI dol base of conidia, (2) much larger chlamydospores, (3) less richly formed aérial hyphae in culture, and (4) when observed in cul- ture distinctly more slender conidia with narrow basal cells. Hyphae of this species do not develop on bouillon-agar prepared with the extract of Panicum paludosum, while the rice blast fun- gus does very well on that medium. Inoculation failed on rice plant, just as the rice blast fungus has not been successfully trans- ferred to Leersia hexandra. Redescribing this species in Noji Shikenjo Tokubetsu Hokoku fopec, Bull, Acr, Exp. Stat.), Taiwan, no, 16: 65 (June 1917), Sawada states that the spots are at first orbicular, I-3 mm. in diam., then becoming angular, finally resuming fusiform shape. Illustration in black and white lithograph shows conidiophores, conidia, and germination of conidia in detail. Leaf spots are also shown in a text figure appearing on p. 21. ~ Dacryrartra Costr Sawada sp. nov. in NOji Shikenjé Tokubetsu Eokokir (Special Bull., Agr. Exp. Stat.), Taiwan, no. 16: 24— 25,.00-07. 1. 6, vi. June 1917. (Japanese. ) Spots usually occurring on leaves; small, orbicular, never be- coming fusiform, I-1.5 mm. in diam.; conidiophores fasciculate or solitary, simple, generally 2-3-septate, slightly swollen near the base, brownish-gray, becoming lighter toward the apex; conidia elongate-pyriform to clavate-fusoid, 2-septate, not con- stricted, both ends obtuse, often rounded at the base, with small collar cell of 1.5-1.7 » in diam., hyaline, 20-30 X 7.5-10 mw average 24 X 8.6m, apical cell 8.5-12, average 10.6, other cells prac- tically in equal length, basal cell not attenuated toward the papilla. On living leaves of Costus speciosus. yperlocality: ~Chitho, Kagi-cho, Taiwan, Oct. 15, 1913, T. Kawakami. Illustrations: One text figure (on p. 24) showing leaf spots, and one black and white lithographic plate giving detailed figures of conidia. Note: In an elaborate article of Y. Nishikado in Ohara Négyé Kenkytsho Hokoku (Report of the Ohara Agricultural Insti- tute) 17: 171-218, Dec. 1917, two more species of blast fungi found on Setaria spp. and on Zingiber spp. are described which are determined as spp. nov., Piricularia Setariae and P. Zingi- 32 MycoLociIA beri respectively. It seems more likely that all these blast fungi belong to Piricularia rather than Dactylaria, as they are provided with solitary conidia which are produced at the end of more or less elongate, spike-like conidiophores, which can never be termed capitate, as was pointed out by Nishikado (1. c., p. 210). S. Ito, therefore, suggested the new combination of Sawada’s three new species as Piricularia Panicipaludosi, Piricularia Leersiae, and Piricularia Costi (Bot. Mag., Tokyo 32°87: 307-308. Japanese. Oct 19108). BurEAv OF PLANT INDUSTRY, i WasHInctTon, D. C. THE ALTERNATE STAGE OF PUCCINI- ASTRUM HYDRANGEAE’® J. F. Apams Arthur (1) reports the genus Pucciniastrum as represented by nine species in North American Flora. At that time (1907) the aecial stage for none of the species was known in this country, and for only one of them in Europe. Since the publication of that part of the Flora two species have been connected with a Peridermium stage by American investigators, and one other, P. sparsum (Wint.) bd. Fischer (3), by a European investigator. In the summer of 1911 Fraser (4) was first to report success- ful inoculations in this country between the aecial stage of Puc- ciniastrum pustulatum (Pers.) Diet. on Abies balsamea and the telial stage on Epilobium angustifolium. In 1916 Weir and Hubert (6) reported successful inoculations of Abies lasiocarpa with telia of Pucciniastrum pustulatum. ‘The aecial relationship had previously been established abroad by inoculations by Bubak, Fischer, Klebahn and Tubeuf (5). Clinton (2) in 1910 was the first to report successful inocula- tions with the aecia of Peridermium Peckwu Thum., and estab- lished its relation with Puccimastrum Myrtili. Fraser in 1910 established the relationship between Peridermium Pecku and Pucciniastrum minimum (Schw.) Arth. Prof. C. R. Orton and the writer in 1914 successfully cultured Peridermium Pecki on Azalea nudiflora, Vaccinium angustifolium and Gaylussacia sp. These results indicate the relationship between these two forms of Pucciniastrum on Ericaceous hosts and are such that they may be identical. The writer collected material of Pucciniastrum Hydrangeae (B. & C.) Arth. on Hydrangea arborescens L. at Bear Run, Lamar Gap, Clinton County, Pa., July 28, 1917, which is the first 1 Contribution from the Department of Botany, Pennsylvania State Col- lege, No. 19. 33 a4 MycoLocia collection reported for Pennsylvania. The leaves were heavily infected. Along a path for a distance of one fourth of a mile, the Hydrangeas and Hemlocks were quite numerous. . The Hem- locks were infected with a Peridermium, which resembled P. Pecku. Additional material of the Peridermium stage was col- lected June 24, 1919. At this time the infection was just appear- ing on the first leaves of the new growth. Inoculations with this material was made the following morning in the greenhouse on Hydrangea arborescens grandiflora and H. hortensis. Two other species growing in the botanical garden were inoculated. 4H. petiolaris and H. paniculata grandiflora, as well as a species of Vaccinium. On July 7, 1919, mature uredinia were observed on the leaves of H. arborescens grandiflora, a sterile, cultivated form of the wild Hydrangea arborescens L. The results on the other plants were negative. A visit was made to Bear Run, July 17, 1919, when mature uredinia were found developing on the leaves of Hydrangea arborescens. An examination of the Vaccinium spp., and of Agrimona gryposepala, in the vicinity failed to re- veal any infection. Compared with Peridermium Pecki this Peridermium shows a close similarity. The pycnia are not so large, and do not ex- tend between the walls of the epidermal cells so deeply. Aecia when fresh are deep orange in color, and more elongated. The aeciospores are more uniformly ellipsoid, and more finely verru- cose, than those of P. Peckwu. On the basis of cultural relations a new combination is made. The morphological characters are such as to identify this form as a new Peridermium and the fol- lowing new name is proposed to represent this in the form genus Peridermium with pycnia and aecia described as follows. Peridermium Hydrangeae (Berk. & Curt.) comb. nov. O. Pycnia amphigenous, usually hypophyllous, subcuticular, abundant, inconspicuous, flattened, 74-112 » wide, 80-145 » broad, 19-32 » high, extending slightly between the lateral pele of the epidermis, frequently confluent. I. Aecia hypophyllous, in two rows, cylindric, dees orange when fresh, 160-220» in diameter, I-1.5 mm. high, dehiscent at apex, also sometimes by side slits; peridium colorless, with cells slightly overlapping, the outer walls thin, the inner walls finely 0 ADAMS: ALTERNATE STAGE OF PUCCINIASTRUM HYDRANGEAE 35 verrucose; aeciospores broadly ellipsoid, 10-19 by 19-32; wall colorless, with an elongate spot smooth on one side, the remain- der finely verrucose, thin, from I-1.5 thick on smooth side to 34 on opposite side. On Psuga canadensis (L.) -Carr. (Pmaceae), Bear Run, mamar Gap, Clinton County, Pennsylvania, July 17, 1919, J. F. Adams. Specimens have been deposited in the herbaria of the ew York Botanical Garden, ‘Botanical Department of the Pennsylvania State College, and the Arthur Herbarium at Purdue University. STATE COLLEGE, Pa. PUBLICATIONS CITED 1. Arthur, J. C.. Uredinales in North American Flora 7, Part 2, 1907. 2. Clinton, G. P. Notes on Plant Diseases of Connecticut, Part X of the Biennial Report of 1909-1910, 713-738. 3. Fischer, Ed. Cent. fur Bakt. 46: 333, 1916. 4. Fraser, W. P. Cultures of Heteroecious Rusts Mycologia 4: 4, 175-193, July, 1912. 5. Sydow, P. & H. Monographia Uredinearum 3: 443, 1914. 6. Weir, J. R. and Hubert, E. E. A successful inoculation of Abies lasiocarpa with Pucciniastrum pustulatum. Phytopathology 6: 373, 1916. P, : NOTES AND BRIEF ARTICLES [Unsigned notes are by the editor] Mr. W. S. Fields, formerly with the Bureau of Plant Industry in Mississippi as extension pathologist, has been appointed patho- logical inspector for the Federal Horticultural Board, and is at Washington, D. C. Mr. G. F. Gravatt has returned to his position as assistant pathologist in the Bureau of Plant Industry, having recently been discharged from the Navy. He will work on the white pine blis- ter rust and the chestnut bark disease. Mr. A. H. Gilbert has entered the joint employ of the. Ver- mont State Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Ex- periment Station, with headquarters at Burlington. Until lately le held the position of extension pathologist for the Bureau of Plant Industry in Vermont. Mr. A. C. Foster, formerly with the North Carolina Agricul- tural College as assistant in plant pathology, has been released from military service and has accepted a position at the Wiscon- sin Agricultural Experiment Station, Madison, Wisconsin, to ' investigate cucumber diseases. Mr. W. A. McCubbin, formerly in charge of the Dominion Laboratory of Plant Pathology at St. Catherines, Ontario, has become deputy director of plant industry for the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture at Harrisburg. He is located tem- porarily at Freeland, where he is assisting in the administration of quarantine regulations for restricting the spread of the potato wart disease. 36 NoTES AND BriEF ARTICLES ot A disease of Carolina poplar seedlings due to Pleococcum populinum is discussed by A. Bertin in Vie Agr. et Rurale, p. 292. 1918. The fungus enters readily through wounds, and may be controlled by spraying the young trees with Bordeaux mixture. Citrus canker is reported by E. M. Doidge to occur in several! places in South Africa, having been introduced from Japan on Citrus trifoliata stock. This most serious of citrus diseases has also appeared in Australia, the Philippines, and the Southern _ United States. | A popular sketch of the life and work of Elam Bartholomew appeared in the American Magazine for November, 1919, con- tributed by E. F. Tinker. A good photograph of Mr. Bartholo- -mew, as he now appears at the age of sixty-six, accompanies the article. The common field mushroom, Agaricus campester, was notably scarce last season in the vicinity of New York, doubtless owing to the unusually rainy weather. Did the mycelium fail to de- velop or did it develop so copiously that it failed to fruit? Were light and heat major or minor factors? It must be remembered that fungous mycelium requires oxygen just as any other grow- ing plant. | A specimen of the rare Anthurus borealis Burt was brought in by Mr. Boynton on October 31, 1919, from the Gladiolus bed in the Garden grounds, where the students of the Garden School discovered it. This interesting stinkhorn is divided at the top into six narrow, hollow arms. It was first brought to our atten- tion in May, 1911, by Dr. F. M. Bauer, who found it growing in quantity in mushroom beds on Blackwell’s Island. So far as known, Mr. Boynton’s specimen is the first ever collected within the New York Botanical Garden. Gum formation in its relation to Cankers is discussed by Hig- gins in Bulletin 127 of the Georgia Experiment Station. The 38 Mycorocta author carried on a series of experiments in the artificial pro- duction of gummosis under partially controlled conditions and found that gum formation, although affected to some extent by variations in temperature, moisture, etc., is not dependent upon or always associated with growth activity. This behavior, to- gether with the fact that a pectin-dissolving enzym is always found in freshly exuded gum, is held to indicate that gum forma- tion is brought about by enzym activity. A parasite of the tree fern, Cyathea arborea, causing black spots on the fronds, is described and handsomely illustrated by Stevens and Dalbey in The Botanical Gazette for September, TQIQ, under the name Griggsia cyathea. The genus as well as the species is new and belongs in the Dothidiales. A long and abundantly illustrated article on the development of Pluteus admurabilis and Tubaria furfuracea, by Leva B. Walker, appeared in The Botanical Gazette for July, 1919. The material was collected at Ithaca and in the Adirondacks, and the investiga- tion conducted at Cornell during the summers of 1916 and 1917 under the direction of Professor Atkinson. Dr. E. P. Meinecke, of the Bureau of Forest Pathology in San Francisco, visited the Garden on December 22 to consult the mycological herbarium. He was especially interested in a speci- men of Peridermium in the Ellis Collection, which was sent to Ellis many years ago from California by Harkness. The influence of soil environment on root rot of tobacco caused by Thielavia basicola is discussed by Johnson and Hart- man in the second number of the Journal of Agricultural Re- search for 1919. Saturated soils are favorable to the disease, but its occurrence is determined primarily by the soil tempera- ture, the optimum ranging from 17 to 23° C. Acid fertilizers will not reduce infection, and fertilizers applied to heavily in- fested soils are largely wasted. , NOTES AND BRIEF ARTICLES 39 An excellent sketch of the life and work of Dr. Howard A. Kelly, of Baltimore, contributed by Dr. Thomas S. Cullen, with a bibliography of 485 titles prepared by Miss M. W. Blogg, ap- peared in The Johns Hopkins Hospital Bulletin for October, 1919. As Dr. Kelly is only about sixty and appears very much younger, we may expect many additions to his extended bibliog- raphy before it is ready for final binding. An interesting and helpful bulletin by Jones, Miller, and Bailey cn frost necrosis of potato tubers appeared in October, 1919, from the Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Station. This injury is due not to solid freezing, after which the tubers collapse upon ‘thawing, but to partial freezing that does not affect the tubers externally. When cut open, however, characteristic discolora- _ tions appear, which might easily be attributed by the uninitiated to the attack of some fungus. | Those interested in mosaic diseases, which are quite in the public eye at this time, will welcome an article by Schultz and others in the Journal of Agricultural Research for September I5, 1919, dealing with potato mosaic. The article was read in manuscript at the conference of potato pathologists on Long Island last June. There are several illustrations, some of which are in natural colors. “The Farmers’ Dictionary and Household Cyclopedia,” by the late Dr. George Thomas Surface, formerly on the Yale Univer- sity Staff, has just been published in a limited edition by the Buraors iather, Rey. F. D. Surface, of Blacksburg, Virginia. It is a handbook of 730 pages with up-to-date information on practical farming and domestic science arranged in alphabetical order for the use of farmers and their wives. As the facts are mostly taken from agricultural publications, a copy of this work would no doubt prove very valuable and handy in any agricul- tural experiment station. It is splendidly written, well printed, and costs little. 40 MycoLocia A fresh young specimen of Ganoderma sulcatum Murrill was collected by Dr. and Mrs. Pennell, November 22, 1919, on a trunk of Sabal Palmetto on the Isle of Palms, Charleston County, South Carolina. Several large specimens were seen at the time, similar to one brought in from the same locality in February, 1916, by Dr. Small. This species was described in 1902 from specimens collected in Florida by Mr. C. G. Lloyd. It seems to be confined to the palmetto and is known only from Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina. Mr. W. H. Long found it several times in Florida. The single Georgia collection was made by Mr. R. M. Harper in 1903 near Thalmann, in Glynn County. The nematode disease of wheat in Virginia is treated by F. D. Fromme in Bulletin 222 of the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station under date of August, 1919. This disease is already widespread in the state, being known from 33 counties. Its pres- ence may be recognized by the wrinkling and distortion of the leaves of the young wheat plants, by the abnormal appearance of the heads, and by the occurrence of hard, brown galls in the heads in place of the grains of wheat. It may be prevented by the use of clean seed and crop rotation. ERGOT ON PASPALUM Last fall, especially during the latter part of October, ergoty Paspalum was extremely common in the vicinity of Fayetteville, Arkansas. Specimens were also received from other localities in the state. The grayish-white sclerotia corresponded to the de- scriptions of these bodies on this host genus. However, it was not ascertained whether the fungus was Claviceps Paspali Stevens & Hall or C. Rolfsu Stevens & Hall. Dr. F. LevStevener aim correspondence, writes that it is necessary to germinate the sclerotia in order to determine the species of Claviceps involved; apparently the sclerotia of the two species are very similar and the differences between the two species are only to be observed in the fruiting heads which bear the asci.. Notes AND BrIEF ARTICLES 41 Stevens and Hall (Bot. Gaz. 50: 460. 1910) list two species of Paspalum as hosts for these fungi, P. laeve and P. dilatatum. Brown and Ranck (Miss. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul. 6, 1915) added P. distichum. P. laeve was very commonly infected in this region and also Paspalum floridanum Michx., a host species not pre- viously reported, was found to bear similar sclerotia. It is inter- esting to note that attacked spikelets fall with the pedicels at- tached to them, in contrast to the fall of normal spikelets in which the pedicels remain attached to the rachis. H. R. Rosen. FUNGI FROM HEDGCOCK A number of boxes of polypores collected by Hedgcock, Long, Humphrey, Weir, Hartley, and others, in various parts of the United States were sent in some time ago from the Division of Forest Pathology for identification and verification, and dupli- cates were added to our herbarium. The collection contained many interesting specimens. A partial report follows: Fomes putearius Weir from the Northwest, on Abies, Picea, Pinus, etc. Compare Fomes spongiosus of Europe. Funalia stuppea from various localities, chiefly on Populus. Hapalopilus gilvus from California, on oak. Hapalopilus licnoides from Georgia, on bald cypress. This may be what was recently reported as Fomes torulosus. Inonotus dryadeus from Washington, on Tsuga heterophylla. This was collected several times by Humphrey. I have it also from Oregon on this host and on Abies grandis. It is difficult to believe until one has seen the specimens that this oak-loving species occurs on conifers. Inonotus dryophilus from Arizona, on Populus. Pyropolyporus Bakeri from Texas, on oak. Spongipellis borealis from Vermont, on sugar maple. Spongipellis fragilis from Pike’s Peak, Colorado, 11,000 ft. ele- vation, on Pinus flexilis. Trametes Morganiu? of Lloyd from Maryland, on Liriodendron. 42 MycoLociIa Trametes robiniophila? from Texas, on oak. The specimen is old and discolored. Tyromyces guittulatus from Idaho, on Pinus Murrayana. W. A. MurrILt. CoLLECTING FUNGI AT YAMA FARMS Yama Farms is a vast tract of virgin land lying twenty miles due west of Poughkeepsie among the foothills of the Catskill Mountains. It is a beautiful natural asylum for wild life of all kinds and will doubtless remain so for many years to come. Au- thors, musicians, artists, naturalists, and other lovers of nature from all parts of the country find their way to this quiet resting- place at every season of the year and return to their homes greatly refreshed and more deeply impressed with the abundance and charm of nature’s offerings. On November 7, 1919, I went up to Yama in company with Mr. H. I. Miller and the following day we covered about one hundred miles by motor, visiting the most inviting localities and collecting all the larger fungi to be found. Beginning at Jenny Brook, famous for its trout, we worked southward past Ellen- ville and into the hills to the west before noon. In the afternoon, we drove twenty-eight miles in a northwesterly direction up the valley of Lackawack Creek and turned northward through a virgin forest lying in the edge of Sullivan County. Here among the hemlocks, yellow birch, beech, and other characteristic Catskill and Adirondack trees we found a rich collecting ground and obtained many interesting specimens. At the height of the collecting season, this would be a veritable paradise for my- cologists. The trip was not without interest, also, to the botanist of less specialized tastes; for mosses, ferns, rhododendron, and kalmia covered the rocks and banks everywhere, while climbing bitter- sweet and holly brightened the swamps and hedgerows with their orange and scarlet berries. | , The result of our day’s collecting can hardly be given in a brief article. Mr. Miller and I went through the specimens and Notes AND BriEF ARTICLES 43 named and listed them systematically, recording nearly a hundred distinct species. Of course, most of the fleshy forms had been killed by the heavy frosts, but we obtained enough of these for luncheon next day, when twenty-three guests were served from a dish consisting chiefly of Hypholoma perplexum, Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus serotinus, and Collybia velutipes. The two species of Pleurotus were found mostly on sugar maple trees along the roads, while the Collybia grew on fence posts and stumps. Pleurotus serotinus can not be recommended, owing to its slimy character, but we were compelled to use it as ayy tiller.” Among discoveries of special scientific interest, |] might men- tion Spongipellis fragilis and Fomutiporia tsugina, on hemlock ; Polyporus admirabilis and Coriolellus malicola, on apple; Daeda- lea quercina, on butternut ; Fomes ungulatus, on a chestnut stump ; and Pyropolyporus igniarms and Spongipellis galactinus, abun- dant in apple orchards. Two or three new species were probably discovered, among them a beautiful clustered Strophana. The affinities of the fungi found are with those of the Catskill region, which was visited by the author in August, 1916. Fora list of the species collected at that time in the vicinity of Arkville, see Mycologia for November, 1916. I am deeply indebted to Mr. Seaman, Mr. Miller, and Mrs. Sarre for this opportunity of visiting Yama Farms and enjoying its hospitality and natural treasures. W. A. Murri_t. MEETING OF THE CANADIAN BRANCH OF THE AMERICAN PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOCIETY The first annual meeting of the Canadian Branch of the American Phytopathological Society was held at the Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph, Ontario, December 11th and 12th. Canadian Phytopathologists were well represented at this meet- ing. Among those taking active part in the proceedings were: Dr. A. H. R. Buller, University of Manitoba; Dr. J. H. Faull, Loronto University ; Mr. P. A. Murphy, Dominion Laboratory of 44 MycoLoGIA Plant Pathology, Charlottetown, P. E. I.; Mr. W. H. Rankin, St. Catharines; Mr. W. P. Fraser, Saskatoon, Sask.; R. J. Blair, Forest Products Laboratories, Montreal; Mr. F. L. Drayton, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa; Professor L. Caesar, Pro- fessor J. E. Howitt and Dr. R. E. Stone, Ontario Agricultural College. The President, Professor J. E. Howitt, in his address dealt with what should be the aims of this Society. These, briefly summarized, are as follows: First—To provide adequate facilities for the training of re- search men in Plant Pathology in Canada. Second—To make provision for the publication in Canada of the results of scientific investigations in Plant Pathology not of interest to the general public. Third—To make available to the general public the practical application of results obtained from scientific research in Plant Pathology. Fourth—The unification of recommendations made by the various pathologists regarding the control of the more com- mon diseases. Fifth—The carrying out of a plant disease survey to secure in- formation concerning the financial losses caused by disease to Agriculture and Forestry and the distribution of plant diseases throughout Canada. Sixth—The adoption of a standard of qualifications required of men entering the field of Plant Pathology in Canada. Seventh—The appointment of an advisory board to confer with the Federal and Provincial authorities regarding plant quar- antine and other restrictive legislation. Fighth—The maintaining of a bibliography of Canadian Plant Pathology. Dr. E. C. Stakman of the University of Minnesota was a guest of the Canadian Branch and dealt with the Cereal Rust problems in the United States and Canada. The papers on the following programs were given at this meeting: ——— = NotEs “AND ‘BRIEr ARTICLES 45 | PROGRAM ove 8 clgies 28 Seite leh CC ee ES Elowitt mest and. Disease in Plants .. 0.066. ..5 050.000 0's F..L. Drayton Decay in the Timber of Pulp and Paper Mill Roofs...R. J. Blair (Illustrated with lantern slides.) Butt Rots of the Balsam Fir in Quebec Province..... Wie Rankin Meaeeolignt of the White Pine ......6/.........0.5%5 J. He Faull Pseudorhiza of Certain Saprophytic and Parasitic meamemac. ’ (illustrated!) .6....... 52.5. 0a eae A. H. R. Buller EVENING PROGRAM PMIMIGCS SOT WATCICOMIG .. 0.5). sia. c celeste ca eels ce siewes es President G. C. Creelman naa Re I ae BG 5 ke okn ave.’ ode area wate g ae) Drakes otakmat Education of Plant Pathologists. PSCUSSTOMMIEG DY sc s a va da de as eae cals ee eae Dre je cH. Paull PROGRAM Witches’-Broom of the Canada Balsam and the alter- mate Hosts of the causal organism....’......1.:.. R. E. Stone Some comparative observations upon the shape of Basidia and Method of spore Discharge in the Uredineae and Hymenomycetes. (Illustrated wita models and lantern slides.).......:....2.6. A. H. R. Buller Simmer Western Rye Grass ...........c0e cee wenn W. P. Fraser ECR SMI eT cies) oe ve ahic)'s Ks letete esi 6s a sie ae! ove Shones E. G. Stakman Some observations made in inspecting for Leaf Roll ae lOSateHOL EOtTALOES 2) isla. d cac ewe e se ais J."E) Howitt New or Little-known diseases of potatoes which cause pier HUnnine. OUL, OL SECO. oo... ak oe oe sie ees P. A. Murphy Breeding Beans for Disease Resistance............. G. P. McRostie Combination sprays for Apple and Potato. (By title.). G. E. Sanders Some Data on Peach Yellows and Little Peach...... L. Caesar Ea Wr EtO. “OMEATIO.... vec << wis « ao ales 0,000.0 Biss e.e ele 08 A. W. McCallum Some’ Fungi and Plant Diseases comparatively new OM aU HOU Re a hee Soe A Not Shee ach Gy Sha eiageletee ba gre e+ R. E. Stone and J.-E. Howitt The following officers were elected for 1920: President, Dr. Metis ik. Buller; Vice-President, Dr. J. H. Faull; Secretary- Treasurer, Dr. R. E. Stone. Additional Members of the Council: Professor J. E. Howitt and Mr. F. L. Drayton. R. E. STONE 46 MycoLoGIA TRAMETES SERPENS This species was first described by Fries in 1818 under Poly- porus, then transferred to Daedalea in 1821, and finally to Tra- metes in 1874. In the “Systema,” the following description of it appears: | “D. serpens, effusa, suberoso-tenuis, confluens, ligneo-pallens, margine villoso, poris magnis inaequalibus. “Color D. quercinae. Margo tenuis, pubescens. Sinulorum dissepimenta crassa. Inter corticis rimas per lineas elongatas seriatas & confluentes serpit. Ad truncos Quercus mortuos, sed non prostratos!” This description was well supplemented by Fries in his Icon. pl. 192, f. 3, which shows the characteristic, large, unequal pores, over I mm. in diameter. The spores are said to be ovoid, hyaline, 14 X 6p, and no mention is made of setae. 2 have ‘examined specimens in the various European herbaria and have in the col- lection here an excellent specimen from Bristol, England, sent by Massee. The conclusion I reached at Upsala in 1906 was: “ All the Trametes serpens found in Europe is entirely different from what goes by this name in America. The pores are larger and are all different.” When collecting in Cuba, I found the American plant very abundant, and it is surprising that it does not appear prominently in the list of Cuban fungi collected by Wright. The only descrip- tion in this list that seems to fit it is of Polyporus excurrens (Wright 391), collected once in April on the underside of old logs and described by Berkeley and Curtis as “Totus resupinatus, immarginatus, lignicolor; poris mediis subangulatis demum sinuosis, dissepimentis crassiusculis obtusis acie subtiliter tomentosis. Pores 4% inch in diameter.” The type of this species was not found by me at Kew, and the ‘brief description alone would hardly justify a positive statement regarding its identity. I have asked Miss Wakefield to look up the type. In the “Ellis Collection,” many specimens are found collected in Florida, where this species seems to be unusually abundant on various kinds of dead deciduous wood. These specimens are Notes AND BriEF ARTICLES 47 sometimes called Trametes serpens Fries and sometimes Poly- porus Stephensii Berk. & Br., an identical European species de- scribed from plants collected by Stephens on privet twigs near Bristol, England, in 1847. The American plant ranges northward into South Carolina and southward to Brazil, showing considerable variation in the size, shape, and obliquity of its tubes, which are always smaller, how- ever, and otherwise distinct from those of the true European T. serpens. The following collections I have examined will indicate the distribution : Bilis Ge ky, N..Am. Fungi 27707; Rav. Fungi Am. 172; Rav. Fungi Car. 4: 7; South Carolina, Ravenel; Louisiana, Langlois 1612, 2512, 2559; Florida, Calkins 47, 51, 60, 68, 116, 130, Lloyd 2129, Ravenel, Rolfs 7, Mrs. Russell, Small & Mosier 5407; Cuba, Earle 1501, Earle & Murrill 117, 124, 144, 148, 152, 200, 305, 321, 450, 475, 470; Jamaica, Earle 460, Murrill & Harris 1020; Porto Rico, Stevens 8988; St. Thomas, Raunkiaer 180; Mexico, Murrill 642, Smuth 205; Colombia, Baker; Bolivia, Bang 2310; Brazil, Moller. There has come to me recently from the Philippine Islands a specimen named Elmeriana setulosa (P. Henn.) Bres., which seems to match very closely our American plant. Another Philippine specimen named Poria straminea Bres. does not appear to be distinct from F. setulosa except in the obliquity of its tubes. A fine Philippine collection made by Mr. Williams, however, dif- fers from both the above in its much larger and more shallow pores, suggesting in their size the plant with which we began this discussion, but evidently much more American than European ir its affinities. W. A... Mourrite,: THE GENUS POoRIA The name Poria was used generically by Dr. John Hill in his “ History of Plants,” published in 1751, to include certain large pileate species such as Fomes Laricis and Fistulina hepatica. On page 28, the genus was described as follows: “ Poria is a genus of Fungus’s growing horizontally, but having its under- side not formed into lamellae, but full of little holes or pores...” 48 MycoLociIA Adanson (Fam. 2: 10. 1763) based his genus Poria on Mich. pl. 61. f. 2. 1729, a polynomial and as yet undetermined species, citing A. porosum Brown in support of his use of the name. His treatment was similar to that of Hill, since it included only pileate forms. This historical use of Poria was followed until the time of Persoon, who properly established the genus and included in it resupinate species only, without reference to previous usage. Porta Pers. Neues Mag. Bot. 1: 109. 1794 Physisporus Chev. Fl. Par. 1: 261. “18206. Hymenophore resupinate, epixylous, perennial, inseparable, rigid; context thin, white; tubes white, becoming stratified after a year or more; spores hyaline. Type species, Poria medullapanis (Jacq.) Pers. This genus was founded upon three species, P. medullapams, P. salicina, and P. fimbriata, the last two of which are generically distinct from the first. Physisporus was based on nine species, the first accompanied by the citation of a figure being P. medul- lapanis. PoRIA MEDULLAPANIS (Jacq.) Pers. Neues Mag. Bot. 1: 109. 1704 Boletus medullapants Jacq. Misc. Austr. 141. pl. rz. 1778. Polyporus pulchellus Schw. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc.4:158. 1832. Polyporus drymus Berk. & Cooke; Berk. & Curt., Grevillea 6: 120.) 1O7o: Poria tomento-cincta Berk. & Rav.; Cooke, Grevillea 15: 26. 1886. Poria holoxantha Berk. & Cooke; Cooke, Grevillea 15; 26. 1886. Jacquin gave a fairly good and complete description of the plant, with a poor figure. It is no wonder that Fries could not interpret this description, since he had probably never seen the plant. I have seen only one specimen of it from Sweden. Per- soon, on the other hand, had a considerable number of specimens in his herbarium and it is to him that we must look for the true idea of the species. , NOTES AND BriEF ARTICLES 49 Bresadola saw Persoon’s specimens and knew the plant well in its various stages, as found abundantly in central and southern Europe on dead wood of oak, aspen, ash, cherry, olive, etc. He describes it as follows: “Species haec, omnium comunissima in Europa media, videtur in Suecia deesse, nam neque in Herbario Friesii, neque in col- lectione Romell inveni. Perennans est, stratosa, poris angulatis, mediis, integris, saepe obliquis; sporis obovatis, uno apice trun- catis, hyalinis, 5-6.5 & 5.5-5m, una alterave etiam subangulato- polygonali; hyphis subhymenialibus, 1.5-2 p.” According to Schroeter, the spores are 4.5 X 3-4 and the species occurs on both deciduous and coniferous wood the whole year through. I have not seen specimens taken from coniferous wood either in this country or in Europe. In America, there has been considerable confusion regarding this species. Schweinitz called it P. obducens because it was stratose ; Morgan associated it with P. rantholoma because it was often yellow; and Ellis named his specimens P. obducens, P. vul- garis, P. pulchella, etc., according to the vagaries of Cooke and his other advisers. And there is more than one good reason for this confusion. When I compared our American specimens with those of Per- soon, I could hardly believe they were the same species; and it required a close study of hundreds of specimens from various: regions and different hosts to connect up the series satisfactorily. This is often the case, however, with species so widely distributed, since there is every reason for them to vary widely. I have on the table before me several specimens from Bresa- dola. The thin forms of one or two years’ growth agree per- | fectly with the types of P. pulchella and other large-pored forms found especially on oak in America. A fine collection from Tol- land, Colorado, is eminently typical of the European plant. The older, stratose specimens from Bresadola, however, agree with the older specimens found abundantly in New York and New Jersey on fallen branches of various kinds, which in their early stages appear quite distinct from the European forms that I have seen. Morgan describes this young stage as follows: 50 MyYcoLocIA “P. xantholoma, Schw. Widely effused, closely adnate, even, smooth, dry; the border rather broad, velvety, yellowish. Pores minute, unequal, subrotund, obtuse, pale yellowish. “Common in woods. Effused often to the extent of many inches or even several feet on the underside of sticks or smaller branches lying somewhat up from the ground and keeping dry. The border is sometimes ‘elegantly luteous’ and therefore of a deeper yellow than the pores but this is not always the case. The pores at first are pale, maturing into a rich cream-color; they are mostly roundish but vary to oblong and subsinuous; the dissepi- ments are thick and obtuse; they average .16 mm. in diameter.” A more complete description accompanies a collection made by Overholts on elm logs in Ohio in 1911, which includes both young and old stages: : “Effused, irregular, firm and rigid, perennial, 6-8 mm. thick; margin thin, narrow, adnate, tomentose; hymenium plane or con- vex, even, white, pallid or yellowish in old specimens, with a slight silky sheen on some specimens; mouths circular, thick-walled, entire; tubes I-2 mm. long each season, white within; spores elliptical, smooth, hyaline, 4.5-5.5 & 2.7-4.5 p.” Allowance must always be made for weathering, exposure to light, obliquity of tubes, condition and character of substratum, etc. If one finds a conspicuous species of Poria on an old, ex- posed, decorticated locust or chestnut post, it is pretty apt to be this species, which is by no means choice but is very common and widely distributed in America on dead wood of oak, chestnut, black locust, poplar, beech, witch hazel, dogwood, sassafras, maple, mulberry, elm, tulip, ash, and probably other deciduous trees. P. albo-incarnatus Pat. & Gaill., from Venezuela, and P. vitellinulus P. Karst., from Finland on alder, do not appear to be distinct. Among the great number of collections examined, the following will serve to indicate its distribution in this country. Ellis& Ev. N. Am. Fungi 503, 3400; Ellis & Ev. Fungi Columb. 402; Rav. Fungi Car. 3: 12; Canada, Dearness, Macoun 151; Rocky Mountains, Macoun 532; Maine, Murrill 1757; New Hampshire, P. Wilson; Connecticut, Underwood; New York, Atkinson (Cornell Univ. Herb. 8254, 8279), Brown 135, Dodge & Seaver, Fairman, Livingston & Crane, Murrill 2709, Underwood — 308, P. Wilson; New Jersey, Ellis 3544, P. Wilson; Pennsylvania, Ranker, Haines & Everhart, Jackson 25, Murrill 1020, 1045, 1070, NOTES AND BRIEF ARTICLES 51 Sumstine 3, 13, 30, 43, 45, 57; Delaware, Commons 2204, 2343; District of Columbia, Sheldon 73; Virginia, Long, Murrill 217, 240, 353; West Virginia, Hartley 49, Nuttall; Ohio, Fink 54, James, Lloyd 2794, 3135, Morgan 88, 601, Overholts 172, 216; Kentucky, McFarland 168, Illinois, Calkins; Indiana, Underwood, VanHook 2171, 2194, 2436, 2500, 2557, Weir 55; Tennessee, Murrill 509; Michigan, Kauffman 1; Montana, Anderson 130; Jowa, Holway, G. W. Wilson, 1, 2, 3, 6; Colorado, Bethel, De- metrio, Seaver & Bethel; Kansas, Cragin 110, 557; Arkansas, Long 19551; New Mexico, Hedgcock & Long 9908; Arizona, Long 19725, 21373, 21394, 21395; California, Johnston 258; North Carolina, Murrill, Bartholomew 5661; South Carolina, Ravenel; Georgia, Ravenel; Alabama, Underwood; Mississippi, Tracy 185; Louisiana, Earle ro, Langlois; Florida, Calkins 31, 88, 119, 142, g2i, Lloyd 2078, Mrs. Russell; Cuba, Britton & Wilson 5463; Mexico, Murrill 625, 626, 688, 690, Smith 42; British Honduras, Peck. W. A. Murri_. COLLECTING FUNGI NEAR WASHINGTON The first two weeks in October, 1919, were spent by the writer in the vicinity of Washington, with excursions to Falls Church, Fairfax Court House, Great Falls, and Mount Vernon in Vir- ginia; and to Baltimore, Reisterstown, and Easton in Maryland. Dr. Howard A. Kelly collected with me one afternoon near Falls Church, securing several specimens of fleshy fungi which he took home and had photographed or painted. I went with a party of friends over some of the golf links in the suburbs of Washington and found the common field mush- room, the field puffball, the fairy ring mushroom, and a peculiar, large form of Collybia radicata which grew only under maple trees. All of these were eaten and enjoyed. Chitocybe illudens was abundant in oak woods, particularly fine clusters being observed west of Falls Church and near the boat landing at Mount Vernon. The journey to Easton, located on the Eastern Shore of Mary- land over eighty miles from Washington, was especially interest- ing because Miss Mary E. Banning, a pioneer mycologist of 52 MyYcoLoGiIA Maryland, was born in Talbot County. Dr. Kelly is preparing an account of her life and work. Her book of manuscript and drawings is at Albany, having been donated by her to the State Museum about thirty years ago. A list of the species she col- lected, comprising fourteen that were new, was published by Dr. Peck in his 44th annual report. | _A day and night were spent at the home of Dr. Kelly in Balti- more,,) where Mr. L. C. C. Krieger, a botanical artistvof great ability, is busily engaged in preparing illustrations of the fleshy fungi. W. A. Murri_t. THREE NEw FUNGI FROM Porto Rico The following fungi were collected by me in Porto Rico in 1913, 1914, and 1915, and were given to Mr. Lamkey to study. The descriptions and names were supplied by him. Microstroma ingaicola Lamkey, sp. nov. Basidia clavate, 16- 29 long, emerging through stomata in a crowded head; sterig- mata minute; spores 4-8, hyaline 2-3 by 6-8. Producing witches’ broom on Inga laurina. Mayaguez, Jan. 1914. No. 6711. The witches-brooms produced were large and numerous and quite as conspicuous as the brooms usually present on the hackberry in the states. Microstroma pithecolobii Lamkey, sp. nov. Basidia clavate, 20— 24m long, emerging through stomata in a crowded head; sterig- mata minute; spores usually 8, hyaline, 2 by 8-10p. Producing white hypophyllous spots on Pithecolobium saman. Mayaguez, Dec. 1913. No. 6734. The spots on the lower sides of the leaves were of the appearance of a Ramularia. The host was recently imported into Porto Rico and all of the planting was heavily infected though the fungus was not found on any of the other species of Pithecolobium so common on the island. Peronoplasmopara portoricensis Lamkey, sp. nov. Conidio- phores emerging through stomata, singly or in twos or threes, 80-300 by 514-11 pw, pseudo-monopodially 3—5 branched, ultimate branches tapering and 9-18 long; conidia ellipsoid, hyaline, 14-24 by 1642-28 pw. Odspores not present. NoTES AND BRIEF ARTICLES 53 Forming irregular downy hypophyllous spots on Melia age- darach. Guanica, 1914. No. 6852. Florida Adentro No. 7687, 1915. This downy mildew was first collected in very scant quan- tity, on only a few small leaves near Guanica. The second collec- tion, however, from a distant point on the island was ample, nearly all of the leaves of the tree being mildewed. The fungus is of especial interest since but few of the downy mildews grow Om) trees. F, L. STEVENS. AN EArty AMERICAN RECORD OF MUSHROOM POISONING There is an early record of mushroom poisoning in the old graveyard at Piscataway, near New Brunswick, New Jersey, which has not, so far as the writer is aware, been brought to the attention of mycologists interested in this matter. The record is in the form of an inscription on a tombstone and reads, as follows: SPATATERS . VNDER . NEATH. (yh PIS. 30° "FOMB -: (eS, 2 MABO VES | 3° FERAL eves TN 63) ONE. WOMB. . THE . ELDEST . WAS . FVLL . 14°. YEARS . OLD . THE . YON : GEST. 2WAS? CVs 1.) SEWICE: . ROUD) s) wi BYe ory RATING MVSHROOMS FOR . ROOD! 5 RARE OLN «oat DAY . TIME . THEY . POYSEONED . WERE . RICHARD . HOOP ANI CHARES HOOPAR . DESESED . AVGVST . ANNO. DOM. 1695 The stone is a flat sandstone slab, about two and one-half by five feet in size. It is now badly weathered and promises to be- 54 MyYcCOLoGIA come illegible in a few years. The first word is probably intended LOr .Spectavorse: Both the deadly amanita, Venenarius phalloides, and the fly agaric, Venenarius muscarius, are extremely common in the vicinity of New Brunswick, but while in most localities the for- mer is more abundant, in and around the old graveyard at Pisca- taway the fly agaric seems to be much commoner than its relative, suggesting that this species was the “food rare” which caused the untimely death of the two unfortunate youths and furnished the inspiration for the unknown epitaph writer. GeorGE W. MartTIN. INDEX TO AMERICAN MYCOLOGICAL LITERATURE Acree, S. F. Destruction of wood and pulp by fungi and bac- peta Pulp, & Paper Mag. 17: 569-571. 17 Jl 1979. Atkinson, G. F. Collybia campanella Peck, and its near relatives in the eastern United States. N. Y. State Mus. Bull. 205, 206: 61-65. I9QTQ. a Blasdale, W. C. A preliminary list of the Uredinales of Cali- mernia. Wniv. Calif. Publ. Bot. 7: 101-157. 14 Au 1919. Burger, O. F. Sexuality in Cunninghamella. Bot. Baz. 86: 134- mo, 15, Aw: 1919. Dearness, J.. & House, H. D. New or noteworthy species of fungi. N. Y. State Mus. Bull. 205, 206: 43-59. IgI9. Includes new species in the following: Anthostoma (1), Agterella (1), Aylographum (1), Dendrophoma (1), Dia- porthe (1), Dothiorella (1), Gloniella (1), Glonium (1), Labrella (1), Laesta- dia (2), Leptostromella (1) Phyllosticta (1), Septoria (1), and Sporodesm- wm (tr). Doolittle, S. P. & Gilbert, W. W. Seed transmission of cucurbit mosaic by the wild cucumber. Phytopathology 9: 326, 327. Au 1919. Drechsler, C. Cotyledon infection of cabbage seedlings by Pseu- domonas campestris. Phytopathology 9: 275-282. f. 1-6. Jl 1919. Farlow, W. G., Thaxter, R., & Bailey, L. H. George Francis muciason. Am. Jour. Bot. 6: 301, 302. Au 1919. Fellers, C. R. The longevity of B. radicicola on legume seeds. Ben sc 77: 217-232. Mr Io1o. Fitzpatrick, H. M. Publications of George Francis Atkinson. Am. Jour. Bot. 6: 303-308. Au 1919. Fitzpatrick, H. M. Rostronitschkia, a new genus of Pyrenomy- cetes. Mycologia 11: 163-167. pl. rr. 30 Au IQI9. 55 56 MycoLoGiIA Fred, E. B., & Haas, A. R. C. The etching of marble by roots in the presence and absence of bacteria. Jour’ Gen. Physiol iz: 631-6386. f. I-3. 20 Jl 1919. Fromme, F. D. Plant diseases in Virginia in 1915 and 1916. Ann. Rep. Virginia Agr. Exp. Sta. 1915 & 1916: 187-192. f. I-5. Je 1917. Fromme, F. D., & Thomas, H. E. Black rootrot of the apple. Jour. Agr. Research 10: 163-174. pl. 15-77 7." 2a Ji IQIQ. Garrett, A. C. Smuts and rusts of Utah—III. Mycologia 11: 202-215. 30 Au IQIQ. Grove, W. B. Species placed by Saccardo in the genus Phoma. Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 4: 177-201. 1919. [lust] Guba, E. F., & Anderson, P. J. Phyllosticta leaf-spot and damp- ing off of snapdragons. Phytopathology 9: 315-325. f. I-7. PAU MOTO: Halsted, B. D. Report of the department of botany. New Jer- sey Agr. Exp. Sta. Ann. Rep. 37° 433-463. pi./i-25 Sage: Higgins, B. B. A Colletotrichum leafspot of turnips. Jour. Agr. Research 10: 157-162. pl. 13, 14. 23 Jl 1919. Hoerner, G. R. Biologic forms of Puccinia coronata on oats Phytopathology 9: 309-314. pl. 19, 20. Au IQI9. Johnson, A. G. & Dickson, J.G. Stem rust of grains and the bar- berry in Wisconsin. Wisconsin Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 304: 1-16. f. 1-7. Au 1919. Jones, F. R. The leaf-spot diseases of alfalfa and red clover caused by the fungi Pseudopezsiza medicaginis and Pseudo- peziza trifolu respectively. U.S. Dept. Agr. Bull. 759: 1-38. . pl. I-3 +f. 1-4. 19 Jl 1919. Jones, L. R., & McKinney, H. H. The influence of soil tempera- ture on potato scab. Phytopathology 9: 301, 302. Jl 1919. Kopeloff, N., & Kopeloof, L. The deterioration of cane sugar by fungi. Louisiana Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 166: 1-72. f. 1. F IQ19Q. | Lloyd, C. G. Mycological notes No. 57: 830-844. f. 1388-I412. | Ap. 1919; No. 58: 814-828. f. 1358-1357. Mr. 1919; No. 59; INDEX TO AMERICAN MyYcOLOGICAL LITERATURE 57 846-860. f. 1413-1443 + frontispiece. Je 1919. Matz, J. Citrus spots and blemishes. Porto Rico. Dept. Agr. xp, ota. Circ. 16. 1-8. My 1919 [Illust.] Marsh, C. D. The loco-weed disease. U.S. Dept. Agr. Farm. Bull. 1054: 1-19. f. -r17. Au 1919. McKinney, H. H. Nomenclature of the potato scab organism. Phytopathology 9: 327-329. Au I9I9. Merrill, E. D.. & Wade, H. W. The validity of the name Dis- comyces for the genus of fungi variously called Actinomyces, Streptrothrix, and Nocardia. Philip. Jour. Sci. 14: 55-69. Ja 1919. ; Murrill, W. A. Bahama fungi. Mycologia I1: 222, 223. 30 Au IQI9Q. Includes Polyporus Bracei sp. nov. Murrill, W. A. A new species of Lentinus from Minnesota. Mycologia 11: 223, 224. 30 Au IQIQ. Leptinus Freemaniu Murrill. Murrill, W. A. Queer fungus growths. Mycologia 11: 225, 226. 7.2. 30 Au IO19. | Orton, C. R. Notes on some polemoniaceous rusts. Mycologia II: 168-180. 30 Au 1919. Orton, C. R., & McKinney, W. H. Notes on some tomato dis- edses, ‘inn. Rep. Pennsylvania Agr. Exp. Sta. 1915-1916: ; (1-9.) 1917. Overholts, L. 0. The species of Poria described by Peck. N. Y. State Mus. Bull. 205, 206: 67-120. pl. 1-23. 19109. Peltier, G. L. Snapdragon rust. Illinois Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull: 221: 535-548. f. 1-5. Au. IgIg. | Powell, O. Insect enemies and diseases of the tomato. U. S. Dept. Agr. Circ. 40: 1-18. f. 1-23. Je 1919. Ramsey, G. B. Studies on the viability of the potato blackleg organism. Phytopathology 9: 285-288. Jl 19109. Reinking, 0. A. Phytophthora faberi Maubl: the cause of coco- nut bud rot in the Philippines. Philip. Jour. Sci. 14: 131-151. pl. 1-3. Ja 1919. 58 MycoLoGIA Shear, C. L., & Stevens, N. E. The mycological work of Moses Ashley Curtis. Mycologia 11: 181-201. 30 Au 1919. Smith, E. F., & McCulloch, L. Bacterium solanacearum in beans. Seience il. 50;.238: 5°S Oro! Speare, A. T. The fungus parasite of the periodical cicada. Science []. 5e: 1F6, 117. “b Aw 1919, Spegazzini, C. Relique mycologicae tropical. Bol. Acad. Nac. Cien. Cordoba 23: 365-609. 1919. Includes a number of new species in various genera. Spegazzini, C. Revision de las Laboulbeniales Argentinas. An. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 29: 445-668. f. 1-213. LOZ. Stakman, E. C. The black stem rust and the barberry. Year- book U. S. Dept. Agr. 1978: 75-100. pl. I-O.= ae eee Stevens, F. L., & Dalby, N. Some Phyllachoras from Porto Rice. Bot. Gaz. 68: 54-59. pl. 6-6. 18 Jl 1919. Ten new species are described. Stevens, N. E., & Morse, F. W. The effect of the endrot fungus on cranberries. Am. Jour. Bot. 6: 235-241. f. 1-3. Jl 1919. Stone, R. E. A new stem-rot and wilt of tomatoes. Phytopath- ology 9°: 296-208. 9.4, 2: |l-re19; Stover, W. G., & Coons, G. R. St. Louis Conference on take-all and flag smut of wheat. Phytopathology 9: 330-332. Au IQIQ. Thurston, H. W. Jr. Puccinia antirrhini. Phytopathology 9: 330. Au: 1919. | Tracy, W. W. Tomato culture i-x + 1-150. f. 1-43. New York IQTQ. The chapter on tomato diseases contributed by W. A. Orton. Not indexed separately. Trelease, W. Two leaf-fungi of Cyclamen. Trans. Illinois Acad. Sci. 9: 143-146. 1916. Ramularia cyclaminicola and Pita sien cyclaminicola, spp. nov. Wolf, F. A., & Cromwell, R. 0. Clover stem rot. N. Carolina Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 16: 1-18. pl. 1-3. Je 1979. —— i ee ai il iat aaa en en ee ee ee ee ee at » enext page 69, 7oand 74. The Polyporacese = 4 The Genus Albugo Phytophthorene and wose of Grasses in the United States, by “40 ey | Bronx Park, New York City pio ie at an’! gee ‘to rane year; single copies: not for. sale, INo twelfth volume: . igs at Addisonia, aanererte |: devoted’ SO we i gee popular descriptions of flowering plants; ten plat each volume. Subscription Brice, $10.00 a year Now in its fei volume. | Stak f valle els the reaukis of iuvenligatues ‘eatried out ‘in “members of the Garden ; to others, $3.00 per volume, | North American Flora. Descriptions of the wild plat Sei in 34 volumes. ‘Roy. yas Each volume to parts. Subseription price, $1.50 per part; a limited | will be sold for $2.00 each. [Not offered in exchange. Vol. 3, part 1, 1910. Nectriaceae—Fimetatiace Vol. 7, part 1, £906; part 2, 1907; part 3, 1912 i ceae ic (Parts 1 and, 2 no fonger sold op BY ee (pars), (Parts 1-3 no > Ioneee sold separately.) ocr ae . | Mol. 10, part r,1914; parts 2 and 3, 1917. 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"LARS ROMELL | CONTENTS | ea carn Illustrations of Fungi—XXXII . . . . W.A. Murritt 59 On Certain Entomogenous Fungi . . . .A.T. SPEARE 62 Light-colored Resupinate Polypores—1 . W. A. Murr 77° Notes on North American Hypocreales—IV. Aschersonia and Hypocrella . . .. . . . . F. J. SEAVER 93 Two New Truffles . . . . . . . HELEN M. GILKEY 99 A Phyllachorella Parasitic on Sargassum. i C. FERDINANDSEN & O, WINGE 102 Notes and Brief Articles . . . ......... . 104 | Index to American Mycological Literature . . .. . . 112 : The New Era Printing Company makes the following charges to Osan ung ine articles reprinted from MYCOLOGIA, if ordered with proof: 4pp- | 8pp.| t2pp.| r6pp, | 2opp. | 24pp. | 28pp. | 32PP. | 49PP. | S4PP. 25 copies | $1.40) $2.45| $3.65) $ 4.40| B 5.65) $ 6.50) $ 8.00) $ 8.45) Sr2. 55 $15.90 : 50 1.65} 2.90) 4.25) 5.10] 6:65} 7-75) 9-40) 9.85) 14-15] 17.35 Ea es 1.95] 3-35} 4-85} 5-65) 7.60) 8.75} 10.45] £1.25) 15.65) 19.95 100 Iso. ** 2.70| 4.60) 6.50] 7.60} 10,20) 12.10) 14.20) 15.20) 21.35) 26.80 © 200. “* 3-00) 5.05) 7.15} 8.35! 11-40] 13-50) 15-80) 16.85) 23.55) 20.60 BOO "5 3.85) 6.20) 9.20] 10.70} 14.85) 17.55) 20.50) 21.05) 30.20) 37.40° Covers: 25 for $1.75. Additional covers, 14c. each. Plates: 100 for $1.00. i 2.25) 3-80) §.35| 6.35) 8.25) 9.80} 1I1.55| 12.45] 17.55| 22.05 ae ; f ; Bey 4 707 ie yr } ‘ i sy ' : acy ms ; te i ey ye " is “ 3 r oy A E ) . : ‘ i ef = : : | ¢ : y - \ Myco.Locia VOLUME 12, PLATE 2 | ILLUSTRATIONS OF FUNGI Vou. XII Marcu, 1920 No.2 ILLUSTRATIONS OF FUNGI—XXXII WILLIAM A. MURRILL The species here illustrated are conspicuous and easily recog- nized by a number of good characters. Unfortunately, only one of them, Boletus luteus, occurs in sufficient quantity to be relied upon for food, but it is often very abundant and is one of the best edible species we have. Boletus luteus L. EGG-YELLOW BOLETUS Piatet2. \ Pisure st. 6)x 1048. Fig. 5. Sclerotium germinating on agar plate culture. X 6s. ieeG.) Sclerotia. 92, Hig. 7, cells of sclerotia.: X 568. Fig. 8, the same germinating. XX 568. Fig. 9, cell of sclerotium. X 1048. Figs. 1o-11. Spore glomerules. X 1048 and X 568. igs 12. opores. X< 1048. Fig. 13. Spore germinating. X 1048. Fig. 14. Cells of sclerotium germinating. X 400. Fig. 15. Single cell of sclerotium germinating. X 1048. 76 MycoLocIa PLATE 5 Fig. 1. Hirsutella saussuret (Cooke) on Polistes annularis. X %. Fig. 2. Synnematium jonesu Speare on Mezira emarginata, showing Sclérotia./ 4.5, Fig. 3. Huirsutella citriformis Speare on Siphanta acuta. XX 1. Fig. 4. Hirsutella entomophila Pat. on Diabrotica sp. X 1.8. Fig. 5. Synnematium jones Speare on Mezira emarginata, showing synnemata. X 3. Fig. 6. Synnematium jonesii Speare. Colony of the fungus growing in artificial culture. xX 2.5. BIBLIOGRAPHY Cooke, M. C. 1892. Vegetable wasps and plant worms, London, Dits3) Ditmar, L. P. F. 1817. Deutschlands Flora in Abb. nach der Natur von Jacob Sturm, III Abth. Die Pilze Deutschland, 1 Bandschen, Heft 4, p. 115. Gray, G. R. 1858. Notices of insects that are known to form the bases of Fungoid Parasites, London (privately printed). von Hohnel, Fr. Fragmente zur Mykologie (VI Mitteilung, nr. 182 bis 288). Sitzungb. d. Math.-Naturw. Klasse d. Kais. Akad. d. Wissensch, Bd. CXVIII, Abt. I, Erster Halbband, p. 275, Wien. Patouillard, N. 1892. Une Clavarieé entomogene (Hirsutella entomophila). Rev. Myc., Tome XIV, p. 67. Saussure, H. 1853-8. Mon. des Guepes Sociales, Paris. Speare, A. T. 1912. Fungi parasitic upon.insects injurious to sugar cane. Hawaiian Sugar. Planters’. Exp. Sta. Path. Ser: Suk i2zep.0s. Thaxter, R. 1891. On certain new or peculiar North American Hyphomy- cetes, 11. Bot.) Gaza’ Voli XV Lp, zor, Vosseler, J. 1902. Ueber einige Insektenpilze. Jahreshefte d. ver. f. Vaterl. Naturk. in Wirttemburg, Bd. 58, p. 380. Wize, M. C. 1904. Les maladies du Cleonus punctiventris Germ. causées par des champignous entomophytes en insistant particulierement sur les especes nouvelles. Bull. Internat. d. l’Acad. Sci. de Cracovie, 1904, p. 713. we VOLUME 12, PLATE 3 MYCOLOGIA HIRSUTELLA » oe VOLUME 12, PLATE 4 MYCOLOGIA LESSEE SSS SSS SYNNEMATIUM JONESII SPEARE MYCOLOGIA VOLUME 12, PLATE 5 HIRSUTELLA AND SYNNEMATIUM » X A : d ; (a ‘ 3 \ =k { 1 = ’ S -? { e . Ce ~LIGHT-COLORED RESUPINATE POLY- PORES—I WiLLtiAM A. MuvuRRILL In Mycologia for September, 1919, preliminary notes were published on 35 species of Poria described from North America, and, in the January number, Trametes serpens and Poria medul- lapanis were considered. None of Peck’s species have been in- cluded because these were discussed in detail by Overholts in Bulletin 205-206 of the New York State Museum, published in dainie, 1919. It is now my intention to take up various white, gray, yellow, rose-colored, and purple species that occur in temperate and tropical North America and make notes on their history, distin- guishing characteristics, hosts, distribution, etc. The object I have in view is not to publish at this time a comprehensive systematic treatment of the group, but to stimulate collectors throughout the country to observe, collect, and study these diff- cult resupinate forms in the fresh condition, noting spore meas- urements, colors, and other perishable characters. _ The descriptions included are mainly from dried specimens. ‘Before the hundreds of such specimens in the herbarium here can be intelligently discussed, referred to, or classified, they must be named—and more complete descriptions can be prepared later. The numbers following the collectors’ names are those found accompanying the specimens. Sometimes they are only determi- nation numbers and mean nothing except to the collector. I. Porta ALABAMAE (Berk. & Cooke) Cooke, Grevillea 14: II3. 1886 Polyporus Alabamae Berk. & Cooke; Berk. & Curt. Grevillea 6: 120. 1676. Described from specimens collected by Ravenel at Gainesville, Florida, on branches of Myrica cerifera. Certain forms of this 1 78 MycoLocia species and of P. medullapanis resemble each other closely in ex- ternal appearance. ‘The following specimens of P. Alabamae have been examined: Rav. Fungi Am. roo; Florida, Calkins 90, 164, 149, 153, 842, 843, 921, Lloyd 2130 (in part), Ravenel; Mississippi; Mexico, Murrill 679. : Polyporus roseo-isabelliinus and P. isabellinus, described by Patouillard and Gaillard from Venezuela in 1888, should be care- fully compared with P. Alabamae. The spores of the former are said to be ovoid, 6 X 8p, while those of the latter are de- scribed as ovoid, 13 X 8p. Externally, the types are much alike. 2. PoRIA VAPORARIA (Fries) Cooke, Grevillea 14: 111. 1886 It is unfortunate that the type of this species does not exist in the herbarium of Persoon, but it is probably identical with Polyporus Vaillanitu (DC.) Fries, which Hennings found. in pileate form at Berlin and discussed in an illustrated article pub-— lished several years before his death. This plant is common in the greenhouses of Europe, often appearing in abnormal forms. I have seen no American material to match it closely. The plant generally called by this name, however, both in Europe and America, is Fries’ misconception of Persoon’s species. This is abundant with us and is quite well recognized except where confused with certain forms of Irpex. Polyporus sin-- uosus Fries (not Irpex), Physisporus rixosus P. Karst., Physi- sporus serenus P. Karst., and Physisporus luteoalbus P. Karst. are closely related European species. The only synonym available for use appears to be P. icerta, © which is much more appropriate than P. vaporaria, since the plant is not common in greenhouses—although any change is unfortunate. . Poria incerta (Pers.) comb. nov. Polyporus (Poria) vaporaris Fries, Obs. Myc. 2: 260. 1818. Not Poria vaporaria Pers. Tent. Disp. Fung. 1: 70. 1797. Boletus incertus Pers. Myc. Eur. 2: 106. 1825. Described from Europe, on dead wood of pine and other trees. Bresadola characterizes it as follows: —- MurriLtL: LicgHtT-CoLoRED RESUPINATE POLYPORES 79 “Color ex albido ligneus; pori ampli; rotundati vel angulati, non flexuosi nec daedaloidei1; sporae hyalinae, cylindraceo-cur- vulae, mobiles, 4 & 1-144 »; hyphae contextus crassiuscule tuni- catae, septatae, ad septa saepe unilateraliter nodosae, 214-3 p.” This species attacks a variety of hosts, apparently preferring pine, fir, spruce, and other conifers, in the wood of which it pro- duces a brown rot. Other hosts represented in our collection are: American elm, American linden, maple, oak, alder, hickory, beech, white cedar, yellow birch, wild black cherry, orange, and old fruit-bodies of various polypores. The following specimens have been examined: iss By. Fungi Columb. ror, rorb; Ellis, N. Am. Fungi 9; Mags iual, Pungi, 576; Rab.-Wint: Fungi Eur. 3434; Rav. Punoeany, 711, 7172, 713; Rav. Fungi Car. 19; Roum. Fungi Sel. 4306 ; Sydow, Myc. Mar. 1802; Poland, Fichler; England, Baker, Carlyle, Cooke, Massee; Canada, Macoun 219, 241; Maine, Murrill 1745; Connecticut, Underwood; New York, Cook, Dodge & Seaver, Underwood; New Jersey, Anderson, Ellis, Under- - wood; Pennsylvania, Haines & Everhart, Murrill 1299; Dela- ware, Commons 2169; West Virginia, Nuttall; Ohio, Lloyd 1584, 3129, Morgan 118; Indiana, Van Hook 2033; Missouri, Demetrio 659; Arkansas, Long 10851; Kansas, Bartholomew, Colorado, Seaver & Bethel; Iowa, G. W. Wilson 4; Idaho, Weir 71; Oregon, Carpenter; California, Harper; Alabama, Earle 71, Underwood; Louisiana, Atkinson (Cornell Univ. Herb. 5123), Wanglois 1272, 1886, 2033, 2423; Florida, Calkins 541, 738, 709, 862, 923, 924; Lloyd 2130; Bermuda, Brown, Britton & Seaver 1371; Cuba, Earle & Murrill 478, 540, 610; Porto Rico, Steven- son 2857, 2915; Jamaica, Earle 64, 395, Murrill 340, 668, Murrill & Harris 945; St. John, Raunkiaer 190, 207; St. Croix, Raunkiaer 174; Mexico, Murrill 214, 241, 242, 203%, 631, 635, 660, 998, C. L. Smuth 47. 3. PoRIA SUBACIDA (Peck) Sacc. Among the larger resupinate species having thin-walled, annual tubes, this species described by Peck in 1885 is very common as well as very conspicuous. I have collected it in many forms, in many localities, and on many different hosts, both coniferous and 80 MycoLocta deciduous. My notes refer to it in the fresh state as “ milk- 99 66 white all over, rather soft,” “cream-colored,” “ fairly soft when fresh and not so yellow,” etc. Both the margin and the hymenium vary from white to yel- lowish according to age and position on the substratum. There are also thin, tuberculose, vesiculose, and other forms presenting unusual variety in appearance so that it is no wonder that much | confusion has arisen regarding the limitations of the species and its relationship. According to Overholts, who has examined the types since I have, the spores are oblong-ellipsoid or ovoid, 4.5-6 X 2.5-3.5, and there are variable cystidia-like structures among the basidia. I have never noticed any prominent sub- acid odor. The following named hosts are represented in our herbarium: pine, spruce, Douglas spruce, hemlock, fir, cedar, oak, maple, birch, cherry, and butternut. : Most of the specific names for this plant were published about the same time. The name in common use is retained until a fair degree of certainty can be reached regarding two or more doubt- ful species. I have a specimen which I collected at Lake Placid in October, 1912, on the underside of a coniferous log, which shows the depressed spots described for P. ornatus, but I hesitate at this time to displace P. acida simply on page priority without | a little more evidence. | PoRIA SUBACIDA (Peck) Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6733257 reas ?Polyporus induratus Peck, Ann. Rep. N. Y. State Mus. 31: 37. 1879. Myriadoporus induratus Peck, Bull. Torrey Club 11: 27. Te8A: ?Polyporus ornatus Peck, Ann. Rep. N. Y. State Mus. 38: 92. 1885. Polyporus subacidus Peck, Ann. Rep. N. Y. State Mus: 38: Q2. 1885. Poria Beaumontill Berk. & Curt.; Cooke, Grevillea 15: 26. 1886. Poria omoema Berk.; Cooke, Grevillea 15: 26. 1886. Poria subaurantia Berk.; Cooke, Grevillea 15: 27. 1886. Peck’s species were described from New York and the others MurriLL: LIGHT-COLORED RESUPINATE POLYPORES 81 from South Carolina and Alabama. The following specimens have been examined in the herbarium here: | Elisa N. Am. Fungi 374; Ellis & Ev. N. Am. Fungi 2803; Rav. Punei Am: ro7; Rav. Fungi Car. 20; Labrador, Turner; Canada, Dearness, Macoun 36, 99, 104, 213, 321, 409, 557; Maine, Murrill 2166, 2521, Dine 2525, P. Wilson; Vermont, Burt; New Hampshire, Underwood & Cook, P. Wilson; New York, Atkin- son (Cornell Univ. Herb. 4664a, 8272), Burnham 9, 10, Jackson (Cornell Univ. Herb. 18667), Murrill 597, 833, Smith (Cornell Univ. Herb. 8231), Underwood, P. Wilson; New Jersey, Ellis; _ Pennsylvania, Gentry, Sumstine 11, 12, 22; Virginia, Long 3778, . Murrill 260; West Virginia, Ellis 11; Ohio, Morgan 334, 575; Indiana, Underwood; Missouri, Schrenk 8; Arkansas, Long 19812; Kansas, Bartholomew 1315; New Mexico, Long 3759; Colorado, Bethel 433; North Carolina, Memmunger; South Caro- lina, Ravenel; Alabama, Earle; Louisiana, Langlois 2428, 2431; - Florida, Calkins 60, 532, 533, 806; Costa Rica, Maxon 589. 4. PORIA GRISEOALBA (Peck) Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 306. 1888 Polyporus griseoalbus Peck, Ann. Rep. N. Y. State Mus. 38: gr 18s. aus Described as follows from specimens collected by Peck at Osceola, New York, in July: “Effused, thin, tender, adnate, uneven, scarcely margined, inde- terminate, grayish-white, with a thin pulverulent subiculum; pores very minute, subrotund, often oblique. “The pores are sometimes collected in little heaps or tubercles as in P. molluscus and P. Vaillantu. In the dried state they are slightly tinged with creamy yellow.” The single collection at Albany is said to be rather scant, with extremely thin fructification. Overholts reports the spores to be oblong or short-cylindric, sometimes curved, often pointed at the base, 4-5 X 1-2. I have not had an opportunity to study the types. 5. PorIA CINEREA (Schw.) Cooke, Grevillea 14: 111. 1886 Polyporus cinereus Schw. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 4: 159. 1832. Described as follows by Schweinitz, who found it frequent on 82 MycoLoGIA dead branches of Liriodendron and Juglans at Bethlehem, Penn- sylvania: “P. longissime effusus, angustatus, albo-marginatus et effi- guratus, margine tenui subfimbriato nec tamen byssino. ‘Tubis obliquis brevioribus, poris angustis, subflexuosis. Longitudine 4-6 unciali, %-1 unciali latitudine. Totus unicolor, eleganter cinereus.” There are no types, either at Philadelphia or at Kew, and no one can say just what Schweinitz included under this name. Morgan reports the species from Ohio and his specimens are preserved (See P. Caryae). Ellis was probably influenced by Morgan when he published his exsiccati. It is just possible, though not probable, that P. cinerea and P. Caryae are synonyms, but there is no way to ‘prove it. 6. Porta CaRYAE (Schw.) Cooke, Grevillea 14: 111. 1886 Polyporus Caryae Schw. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 4: 159. 1832. Schweinitz found this species spreading a foot or more over a fallen trunk of Carya alba at Nazareth, Pennsylvania. His de- scription—an unusually long one for him—is as follows: “P. junior*tuberculoso-elevatus, interruptus, substantia spon- giosa-tomentosa, margine sterili saepe tumido. Demum late effusus, magis aequabilis et subindurescens, margine tunc tenuis- simo, submembranaceo, candido, praeditus. Tubis brevibus, parietibus crassiusculis, poris minoribus subrotundis et sub- flexuosis; interdum regulariter effusis, interdum pulvinatim in tuberculos elevatis. Ex fuliginis cinerascit. Ad pedalem longi- tudinem sub trunco effusus.” Fortunately, portions of the type are preserved, both at Phila- delphia and at Kew, and they appear to match up perfectly with what Morgan called P. cinereus Schw. and described as follows: “Widely effused, adnate, firm; the border narrow, thin, white- fimbriate. Pores small, unequal, subrotund, obtuse, cinereous. “In woods on the lower side of old logs; common. The whole of a uniform ashen hue except the minute whitish fringe of the border. The growing specimens are somewhat moist, but they shrink little in drying and become quite firm. The pores measure about .20 mm. in diameter. It is an elegant species.” MurritL: LigHT-CoLorED RESUPINATE POLYPORES 83 A fine Ohio specimen sent by Morgan to Underwood in 1894 is apparently attached to a portion of a young oak log with the bark still on it. It is now uniformly avellaneous except at the very narrow margin, which is whitish. In the same year, Under- wood collected the species at Fern,. Putnam Co., Indiana, but never named it. The specimens issued by Ellis and Everhart as Poria cinerea in N. Am. Fungi 2306 were collected by Calkins in Florida, near Jacksonville. They mention No. 440 as a synonym, distributed as P. argillacea Cooke. There is a separate specimen so named in the Ellis Collection collected on rotten wood near Philadelphia in. November, 1885, by Gentry. Specimens collected by me (No. 2517) near Willimantic, Maine. in September, 1905, grew on a dead beech log. They were white with a slight cinereous cast when fresh, and are now avellaneous like those of Morgan. Caloporus expallescens P. Karst., described from Finland, on birch wood, somewhat resembles this species. Its hymenium is primordial and difficult to compare. PaoPORTASARGILLACEA (Cooke) Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 321.. 1888 Polyporus argillaceus Cooke, Grevillea 7:1. 1878. The type collection was made by Harkness on rotting oak wood in the Sierra Nevada, California, at an altitude of 2,500 feet. A specimen from Harkness in the Ellis Collection was collected on rotten logs of oak at Colfax, which agrees with the Harkness Catalogue. Cooke had two numbers from Harkness, 958 and 1000, one on oak and the other on Pinus Lambertiana. I have seen both at Kew and my notes read: “ The one on pine is probably different. Leave it out.” As the oak is mentioned first, the specimen growing on it would be the type. 8. Poria umbrinescens sp. nov. Irregularly effused, not always continuous, inseparable, thin. 5 cm. or more broad; margin conspicuous, broad, thin, delicate, sterile, white to slightly yellowish-discolored, consisting of minute, spreading, interwoven mycelial threads; context scarcely 84 | Mycotocta differing from the margin, sometimes almost disappearing with » age; hymenium uneven, owing to the inequalities of the sub- stratum, white to yellowish or dirty-white, umbrinous in old and dried specimens; tubes oblique, appearing in patches, at first short, angular, thin-walled, irregular in shape and size, 2-3 to a mm., becoming 3 mm. in length, with long, lacerate dissepiments, soon discoloring, weathering, and falling away with age; spores copious, siigeioiace to ovoid, smooth, pale-umbrinous under the microscope, 4-6 uw long; cystidia none. Type collected on a wet palm stump at Constant Spring eres near Kingston, Jamaica, December 13, 1908, W. A. & Edna L. Murrill 41. It is rather surprising to find dark-colored spores on a plant of this character, but this accounts for the tubes be- coming umbrinous with age. g. Poria lacticolor sp. nov. Irregularly effused for several centimeters, becoming continu- ous, inseparable, very thin; margin conspicuous, pure-white, un- changing, very thin, delicate; context white, a mere membrane; _ humenium even, pure-white, unchanging with age or on drying; tubes oblique, angular, thin-walled, short, 4 to a mm., concolorous within, with long, toothed dissepiments ; spores not found. Type collected on a dead log in a virgin forest at Ciego de. Avila, Puerto Principe Province, Cuba, Mareh 217 19@s;0- Earle & W. A. Murrill 636. Also collected on rotten wood at Belmont, St. George’s, Grenada, September 22, 1095, Broadway. This species somewhat resembles a coating of whitewash with fine lines in it made by the brush. 10. Poria niveicolor sp. nov. Occurring in small, irregular patches about 3 cm. in diameter, inseparable, thin; margin conspicuous, thin, pure-white, cottony, rarely connected with rhizomorphic strands, becoming somewhat elevated with age or on drying; context thin, white, similar to the margin; hymenium quite even, becoming continuous, snow- white when fresh, with a very faint rosy-avellaneous tint in dried specimens ; tubes very short, regular, angular, thin-walled, entire, 5 to a mm.; spores hyaline. Type collected on well-rotted wood in Troy and Tyre, Cockpit MuRRILL: LiIGHT-COLORED RESUPINATE POLYPORES 85 Country, Jamaica, January 12-14, 1909, W. A. Murrill & W. Harris 1056. | 11. Poria cremeicolor sp. nov. Broadly effused for many centimeters over the smooth surface of the substratum, continuous, inseparable, thin ; margin conspicu- - ous, indefinite, very thin, cremeous; context like the margin, a mere membrane; hymenium even, not glistening, uniformly cremeous, becoming very slightly darker in dried specimens; tubes regular, rounded to somewhat angular, firm, becoming thin- walled but remaining entire, less than 0.3 mm. long, 5 to a mm.; spores hyaline. Type collected on small, hard, decorticated hardwood stems in Troy and Tyre, Cockpit Country, Jamaica, January 12-14, 1909, W. A. Murnill & W. Harris 863. 12. Poria adpressa sp. nov. Irregularly effused for many centimeters over decorticated wood, inseparable, thin, following closely the inequalities of the surface and also occupying the crevices and depressions ; margin conspicuous, thin, white to slightly yellowish, closely appressed ; context thin, white; hymenium appearing in patches and then be- coming fairly continuous, uneven, not glistening; tubes very oblique, arranged as in oblique-tubed forms of Coriolellus sepium but much smaller, about 4 to a mm., larger by confluence, firm, rather thick-walled, entire on the edges; spores hyaline. Type collected on well-rotted, decorticated wood at Rio Gavelan, Province of Santa Clara, Cuba, March 26, 1910, Brition, Earle & Wilson 6033. This species has the habit of Coriolellus sepium when growing resupinately on an upright trunk or stump, but the tubes are minute and there is no tendency to form a pileus. Young specimens collected on corticated wood in Cuba (Earle & Murrill 167) and in St. John (Raunkiaer 204) appear to have the same kind of hymenium, but its color is slightly rosy- avellaneous, which leaves the identity of these specimens in doubt. 13. Poria tenuipora sp. nov. Effused for many centimeters, covering large areas, continu- ous, inseparable, thin; margin cottony, pure-white even in dried 86 MYcoLociIa plants, inconspicuous, scarcely visible in age; context white, too thin to measure, being a mere membrane holding the tubes together; hymenium quite even, white, cremeous where bruised, with a slight rosy-avellaneous tint in dried specimens; tubes rather rigid, oblique, regular in shape and size, reaching I mm. in length, concolorous within, thin-walled, the mouths rounded, entire, exceedingly minute, Io to a mm.; spores minute, hyaline. Type collected on much-decayed wood in Troy and Tyre, Cock- pit Country, Jamaica, January 12-14, 19090, W. A. Murrill & W. Farris 855. Also collected on a standing rotten stub in woods at Mooretown, Jamaica, November 22, 1902, F. S. Earle 541; and on rotten wood in the forest at Alto Cedro, Cuba, March 19-20, 1905, Ff. S. Farle & W. A. Murrill 548. 14. Poria Earlei sp. nov. Widely effused, continuous, inseparable, about 4 mm. thick; margin inconspicuous, delicate, pure-white, scarcely apparent in older specimens; context white, practically disappearing with age; hymenium even, regular, glistening, milk-white, becoming very faintly yellowish in dried specimens; tubes angular, quite regular, white within, very thin-walled, entire to somewhat toothed, 4 mm. long, 5-7 to a mm.; spores scanty, ellipsoid, rather blunt at the ends, smooth, hyaline, 5 X 3.5 p. Type collected on a rotten log on Rose Hill, Jamaica, 4,000 feet elevation, October 30, 1902, F. S. Earle 207. This species has longer and larger tubes than P. tenuipora, and they glisten dis- tinctly when turned from side to side in the light. 15. Poria corioliformis sp. nov. Irregularly effused over fallen leaves and the surface of de- cayed twigs in continuous areas I-2 cm. wide, inseparable, not very thin, following to some extent the irregularities of the sub- stratum; margin conspicuous, broad, finely tomentose, white to cremeous, elevated at times as though about to project as a narrow pileus; context similar to the margin and quite conspicuous ; hymenium somewhat uneven, cremeous, glistening; tubes quite regular, rounded to somewhat angular, 1-1.5 mm. long, cremeous within, rather firm and thick-walled for the genus, entire on the edges, 4-5 to a mm.; spores subglobose, smooth, hyaline, 4 p. MurrRILL: LIGHT-COLORED RESUPINATE POLYPORES 87 Type collected on fallen leaves and twigs in woods along the myer at oan Antonio, Cuba, April 20, 1903, J. A. Shafer 253. This may be a resupinate form of an undescribed species of Coriolus, closely related to C. depauperatus, but with smaller tubes. 16. Poria regularis sp. nov. Forming small, rather thin patches 2 cm. or less wide, which are continuous as far as they go and do not readily separate from the substratum; margin a thin membrane of white mycelium con- nected with rhizomorphic strands and apparently disappearing entirely with age, leaving simply a mass of tubes; context thin, white, not apparent in age; hymenium very even and uniform, not glistening, milk-white, unchanging; tubes regular, angular, thin-walled, entire, reaching 0.5 mm. in length, 4-5 to a mm; spores hyaline. Type collected on a fallen, dead, corticated branch of some hardwood tree at Morce’s Gap, Jamaica, a very wet locality 5,000 feet above sea-level, December 29, 30, January 2, 1908-9, W. A. & Edna L. Murrill 703. The abundance of moisture present probably had something to do with the unusual form of the hymenophore. 17. Poria polyporicola sp. nov. Effused almost continuously for many centimeters over the hymenium of an old polypore, inseparable, very thin; margin pure-white, exceedingly thin, diffuse, becoming discolored with age; context not apparent; hymenium closely applied to the tubes of the polypore, regular, even, white to pale-avellaneous-umbrin- ous; tubes exceedingly shallow, thin-walled, entire, rounded to angular, white to slightly yellowish, 4-5 to a mm.; spores hyaline. ' Type collected on an old hymenophore of Pogonomyces hydnoides growing on a cypress log near Fort Myers, Florida, February 29, 1916, Paul C. Standley 12895. Among the tubes are numerous sporophores of a minute brown species of Orbilia, which apparently has something to do with their discoloration. 18. Poria cinereicolor sp. nov. Effused for several centimeters over the surface and hymenium of an old polypore, continuous, inseparable, very thin; margin 88 MycoLocIa like a delicate gray cobweb on which the tubes appear in patches and then become continuous, when the mycelium and context practically disappear; hymenium ash-colored, unchanging, very even, regular, not glistening; tubes very short, rounded to an- gular, entire, rather thick-walled at first, 7-8 to a mm.; spores hyaline. Type collected on both the upper and lower surfaces on an old specimen of Ganoderma in Castleton Gardens, Jamaica, Decem- ber 14, 1908, W. A. & Edna L. Murrill 63. This species forms a very striking contrast with its mahogany-colored host. 19. Poria subavellanea sp. nov. Effused in rather thin patches 3-5 cm. or more long on the underside of corticated or decorticated pine logs; margin con- spicuous, pure-white, unchanging, cottony, thin, sometimes ele- vated, with a tendency to separate from the substratum; context thin, white, hardly apparent in age; hymenium uneven, continu- ous, glistening, pale-avellaneous; tubes firm, thin-walled, entire, angular, I-2 mm. long, 4 to a mm.; spores very scanty, ovoid, smooth, hyaline, about 4 long. | Type collected on pine bark at Auburn, Alabama, November 20, 1897, F. S. Earle 121. Also collected on a decorticated log of Pinus echinata near Womble, Arkansas, November 6, 1915, W. H. Long 19811. This species might be a resupinate form of some undescribed species of Coriolus. | 20. Poria subcorticola sp. nov. Effused for several centimeters, thin, inseparable, continuous ; margin conspicuous, rather thick, persistent, white to cream- colored; context similar to the margin, persistent, apparent as a paper-thin membrane; hymenium even, white to cream-colored, not glistening, appearing in patches and finally becoming con- tinuous; tubes mostly primordial, very shallow, angular, rather thick-walled, entire, 4-5 to a mm.; spores hyaline. Type collected on much-decayed decorticated wood at Cuer- navaca, Mexico, December 24-27, 19090, W. A. & Edna L. Murrill. 363. Also collected on the underside of an old fruit-body of Coriolopsis fulvocinerea at Colima, Mexico, January 3-4, 1910, W. A. & Edna L. Murrill 584. The hymenium resembles that of Poria corticola. ont Titi eit al MurrRILL: LiIGHT-CoLORED RESUPINATE POLYPORES 89 21. PORIA VULGARIS (Fries) Cooke, Grevillea 14: 109. 1886 Polyporus vulgaris Fries, Syst. Myc. 1: 381. 1821. Fries found this species very common throughout the entire year on fallen wood of pine and other trees, as well as upon leaves. He describes it as follows: | “Longe effusus, tenuis, siccus, laevis, albus, poris exiguis aequalibus. “Ad longitudinem usque pedalem effusus, laevis, 14 lin. crassus, detritus immutabilis, nec nisi in frustulis a ligno separabilis; margine praecipue junioris tenuissime pubescente. Pori recti vel obliqui, subrotund1.” In Saccardo’s “Sylloge” it is reported on the wood of various hardwood trees and conifers from widely separated temperate and tropical regions. Bresadola discusses the species at length in his paper on fungi collected in Hungary and finds it difficult because it is so frequently sterile. He states that Polyporus _Iuteoalbus P. Karst., occurring on fir wood and always sterile, is P. vulgaris Fries of the “Systema”; and that forma calcea of Fries is also sterile. The typical form, according to him, occurs on the wood of frondose trees and is always fertile, the spores being obovoid, hyaline, 3.5-4 * 2-2.5. I have good specimens from him of this form and can match them fairly well with American material, although the species cannot by any means be called common with us. I have seen the specimens in the Fries Herbarium, which are not very satisfactory, and have one sent by him to Massee, which agrees for the most part with those from Bresadola. If we ac- cept Bresadola’s interpretation, we have a species with regular, glistening tubes, which are smaller and usually shorter than those of P. subacida and do not become so yellow with age or on drying. From P. vaporaria, it differs decidedly in microscopic characters and the tubes are easily distinguished. P. mollusca is much softer and yellower, although Fries included it as his variety lutescens. : The following specimens, mostly European, have been ex- amined in the herbarium here. A good hunt would doubtless bring more to light. 90 MycoLocia Romell, Fungi Scand. 16; Sydow, Myc. Mar. 2201, 2814, 3422; Thum. Myc. Univ. 1503; Wart. & Waint. Schweiz) Kiype 10, Sweden, Fries; Finland, Karsten; England, Plowright; Hungary, Kmet; New Jersey, Ellis 348; Pennsylvania, Murrill 1094; West Virginia, Nuttall go9. 7 22. Poria Amesii sp. nov. Effused for several centimeters, continuous, inseparable, 2-5 mm. thick; margin narrow, white, unchanging, at first cottony, fimbriate, and appressed, becoming membranous and elevated, rarely slightly reflexed ; context very thin but visible under a lens as a gelatin-like membrane quite distinct in color from the milk- white tubes; hymenium even, continuous, glistening, white, un- changing, having normal tubes in places and elsewhere being entirely cellular and abnormal; tubes, when normal, very delicate, thin-walled, angular, subentire, 2-3 mm. long, 5-6 to a mm.; spores very abundant, ovoid, smooth, hyaline, 3 X 2p. Type collected on decorticated or burnt maple wood and on the hymenophores of another species of Poria at Valley Stream, Long Island, Frank H. Ames 340. These specimens were sent to me by Mr. Ames without date of collection shortly before his death. 23. Poria subcollapsa sp. nov. Effused for several centimeters, covering small or large areas according to conditions, usually continuous, inseparable, thin; margin ordinarily very delicate, whitish, soon becoming incon- spicuous, but at times rather broad and persistent; context similar to the margin, inconspicuous; hymenium not glistening, white and even when young, becoming pale-rosy-avellaneous and irregular, owing to the formation of many larger openings by the confluence of the pores; tubes oblique, rounded to angular, thin-walled, 4-5 to a mm., with slightly elongate, delicate dissepi- ments, which collapse to some extent with age; spores hyaline. Type collected on a fallen dead stick at Rose Hill, Jamaica, October 24, 1902, F. S. Earle 68. Also collected on banana trash at Rio Piedras, Porto Rico, February, 1914, J. A. Stevenson 1465. 24. Poria monticola sp. nov. Effused over large areas, continuous, inseparable, I-3 mm. thick; margin thin, appressed, fimbriate to membranous, usually MurriLL: LiGHT-CoLORED RESUPINATE POLYPORES 91 narrow and practically disappearing with age, but at times rather thick and felty, reaching 5 mm. broad; context very thin, white, inconspicuous with age; hymenium very even, continuous, glisten- ing, white or tinged with yellow, often showing brownish stains in dried specimens where touched with the fingers or near the margin where the tubes are young; tubes annual, large, rigid, 1-3 mm. long, rounded or somewhat angular, entire, 2-3 to a mm.; spores copious, narrowly-ellipsoid, often slightly curved and apiculate at the base, smooth, hyaline, 5-6 X 3p. Type collected on a decorticated log of Pinus monticola at Priest River, Idaho, J. R. Weir 6z. Also on the same host in the same locality, J. R. Weir 57, 72, 77; on dead wood of Pinus monticola at Agassiz, British Columbia, J. R. Weir 65; and on dead wood of Picea Engelmanm, probably from Priest River, Idaho, J. R. Weir 63. All of these specimens are very uniform in appearance and represent the species in excellent fashion. 25. Poria lacerata sp. nov. Effused for several centimeters, continuous, inseparable, thin; margin cottony or felty, appressed, milk-white, unchanging, narrow, practically disappearing with age; context a mere white membrane; hymenium even, continuous, milk-white, staining yellowish-brown where bruised in handling; tubes rather long, delicate, thin-walled, angular, becoming fimbriate-lacerate at ma- turity, 2 mm. long, about 3 to a mm.; spores copious, ellipsoid, smooth, hyaline, usually uniguttulate, 6 X 3.5 p. Type collected on a well-rotted, decorticated log of Quercus alba near Womble, Arkansas, November 7, 1915, W. H. Long 19777. Described from a good specimen sent me by Professor Long, who refers to another number collected by him which I have not seen. 26. Poria rimosa sp. nov. Effused for a few centimeters but interrupted by the irregu- larities of the substratum, inseparable, thin; margin very thin, membranous, milk-white and unchanging in the early stages, be- coming cremeous and more felty when older, always appressed ; context white, inconspicuous in age; hymenium appearing in patches, at length continuous, but soon cracking transversely every few millimeters, white with a cremeous tint to dull-creme- ous ; tubes about 1 mm. long, oblique, thin-walled, angular, entire, 92 MycoLocia 4 to a mm.; spores scarce, narrowly-ovoid, smooth, hyaline, 5 X 2.5 p. Type collected on a well-rotted, decorticated log of Juniperus monosperma near the Gila National Forest, New Mexico, Oc- tober 23, 1911, W. H. Long & G.-G. Hedgcock. Vhis 1s said by the collectors to be common, but I have only this one packet, which is without a number. 27. Poria heteromorpha sp. nov. Effused for many centimeters, continuous, usually separable because the substratum is much decayed, quite thick ; margin con- spicuous, thin, cottony, white, becoming fulvous with age; con- text thin, similar to the margin; hymenium uneven, continuous, white when young, ochraceous or fulvous with age, usually reviv- ing; tubes large, thin-walled, entire, somewhat collapsing, 1-2 mm. long, 2 to a mm., becoming much elongated with age in oblique positions, the long undulate dissepiments resembling lamellae; spores copious, subglobose to broadly ovoid, uniguttu- late, smooth, hyaline, 3-4 long, 5p in the Florida specimens. Type collected on very rotten wood in Troy and Tyre, Cockpit Country, Jamaica, January 12-14, 1909, W. A. Murnill & W. Harris 857. Also collected at the same time and place by W. A. Murrill & W. Harris 865; on very rotten wood near Port An- tonio, Jamaica, December 17, 1908, W. A. Murrill 188; on very rotten wood at Rio Piedras, Porto Rico, july 26,1915, 4 - Stevenson 2891; and on dead leaf-stalks of Sabal Palmetto near Ocala, Florida, August 11, 1913, W. H. Long 12360. This is a species of very unusual appearance, with a hymenium varying from poroid to somewhat daedaleoid and reminding one of Lenzgites heteromorpha. It likes wood almost reduced to humus and can be stripped off in large flakes, which are soft, flexible, and very light in weight. After the old hymenophores are discolored and appear dead, patches of fresh white tubes will arise from portions of the hymenial surface. This frequently happens, however, with annuals in tropical countries and may be due to the recurrence of rains. NEw York BoTaAniIcAL GARDEN. NOTES ON NORTH AMERICAN HYPO- CREALES—IV. ASCHERSONIA AND HY POCRELLA F. J. SEAVER (WiTH PLATE 6) The perfect stage of Aschersonia turbinata was recently de-— scribed by Dr. Roland Thaxter,’ but the generic position of the fungus was left an open question. In that paper Dr. Thaxter states that so far as he knows no ascosporic condition has previ- ously been observed in any of the group (Aschersoniae). After a study of the tropical material and literature at hand, the writer is convinced that this apparent failure to detect the perfect stage ~ of this genus is due not so much to its absence as to the fact that whenever the perfect stage is found, the fungus is at once and quite properly referred to some other genus, to Hypocrea by early writers and to Hypocrella by more recent ones. In fact there seems to be little more reason for describing the perfect stage of this fungus under the name of Aschersoma than for de- scribing a Cordyceps under the name of /saria, although the Isaria stage is usually mentioned when it is known. That the connection between Aschersonia and Hypocrella has been observed and noted in literature will be pointed out later on. The attention of the writer was first called to this matter several years ago while attempting to determine a collection of tropical fungi. One specimen collected by A. A. Heller in Porto Rico in 1900 was found to have linear spores and was labeled Hypocrella sp. and filed away under the new and noteworthy species of Hypocreales, since it had been overlooked in the work on the Hypocreales of North America. The same species was collected by Dr. B. Fink in Porto Rico in 1915 and doubtfully referred to Hypocrella filicina Rehm, although the stroma is white instead of 1 Bot. Gaz. 57: 308-313. 1914. 93 94 MycoLocIa black as described by Rehm. The blackening might easily be due to age and weathering. Many other tropical specimens have been studied which are apparently the same but in which the perfect stage is lacking. These have béen referred to Aschersoma. | Recently, since taking up a study of Porto Rican fungi, these facts have again forced themselves to the front and more atten- tion has been given to the matter. In looking over the literature of the subject I find that Hypocrea phyllogena Mont.? which was doubtfully recorded for North America in North American Flora has every appearance of being the perfect stage of an Aschersomia as recently described by Thaxter. The capitate apex of the ascus which is characteristic of the perfect stage of Aschersoma is especially evident in Montagne’s illustration. When several years after the description of Hypocrea phyllogena, Montagne founded the genus Aschersonia,? it was said to be related to Hypocrea (which at that time included Hypocrella) and was described as representing the Hypocreae in which the asci are wanting, or what is now known as the pycnidial stage of the Hypocreae. It is even not unlikely that the type of Aschersoma, Aschersoma tahitensis Mont., is the pycnidial stage of his own Hypocrea phyllogena. From the above facts and the observations which have been made on the tropical specimens in the collections of the garden, it seems evident that the genus Aschersonia represents the pycnidial form of Hypocrella and that Hypocrella phyllogena (Mont.) Speg. which was described eight years before the genus Aschersonia was proposed really represented the perfect stage of an Aschersonia as now known. Aschersona would then occupy the same relation to Hypocrella as Isaria to Cordyceps. In looking over the literature of the subject I find that this con- nection has not been entirely overlooked by previous authors. In 1900, Raciborski* gave a detailed description of Hypocrella dis- coidea (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. (the type of the genus Hypocrella). This was reported by him on Elettaria and Amomum. In a note 2 Ann. Sci, Nat Lli13 :7 200.08 1640. 3 Ann. Sei. Nat. 10.10 12. ote: 4 Parasit. Algen und Pilze Java’s 3: 22-23. 1900. SEAVER: NortTH AMERICAN HyPoOCREALES 95 on this species he refers to a snow-white, otherwise similar species of Hypocrella (?) which grows abundantly on Elettaria stems. In this form, however, he says that only the conidial form (Aschersonia) has been found by him. In I909 von Hohnel® described Hypocrella cretacea and calls attention to the fact that this probably represents the perfect stage of the Ascher- sonia mentioned by Raciborski in the article referred to above. it should not be overlooked that Raciborski has noted the simi- larity in habitat and all external characters except color to Hypo- crella discoidea, the type of the genus Hypocrella so that we at least have reason to suspect that the genus Hypocrella itself was founded on the perfect stage of an Aschersoma. Hypocrella cretacea von Hohnel may be found to be identical with Hypo- crella discoidea (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. as described by Raciborski. In the absence of suitable material it is difficult to determine the identity of. our own species with any degree of certainty. The one collected by Heller agrees well with Hypocrella cretacea von Hohnel, as collected by von Hohnel and distributed by Rehm in his Ascomycetes 1870. As already mentioned this may prove to be identical with Hypocrella discoidea (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. to which it is said to be similar, although Raciborski claims that the latter species differs from other species of Hypocrella in the fact that the spores do not break up into segments. This apparent difference may be due to the age of the specimens and may not prove to be of specific value although considerable importance has been attached to it. Just how Hypocrella discoidea differs from Hypocrella phyllogena (Mont.) Speg. it is impossible to know in the absence of authentic material of the latter species. It is difficult to find conidia in the mature stromata. In most specimens, however, the younger stromata show an abundance of conidia. As these are usually found loose in large numbers, their method of attachment is not easily detected. The individual conidia appear to be rather small, ellipsoid bodies which taper into a bristle-like apiculus at each end. Although they are guttulate and granular and sometimes pseudoseptate, no true septum could be detected. In the absence of asci, the presence of this par- 5 Sitz.-ber. Akad. Wissen. Wien. 118: 311. 1909. 96 MycoLocIa ticular type of conidia together with the white discoid stromata are regarded as of specific importance, although the conidia could not be found in the authentic specimen of Hypocrella cretacea examined, all of the stromata in which were ascigerous. In looking over our collections, nine specimens collected by H. H. Whetzel and E. W. Olive (Nos. 716-724 inclusive) are found to represent the conidial stage of what is here referred to as Hypocrella cretacea. All so far as examined show the typical stromata and conidia but none so far as discovered contain asci. All are reported on some species of Adiantum. The same form was collected by F. L. Stevens on fern. The specimen collected by B. Fink which shows both asci and conidia has already been mentioned. An abundance of the conidial stage of the fungus was collected by N. L. ‘Britton, J. F. Cowell and Stewardson Brown (No. 5250), also, on some fern. While the species ap- pears to be more common on ferns, what appears to be the same species was collected by L. M. Underwood and F. S. Earle in Cuba on the leaves of some flowering plant. Since the fungus is entomogenous, it would naturally be dependent on the insect host rather than the plant host. The latter however might be restricted in its occurrence to certain plant hosts. This is one of the questions which needs careful investigation. If our conclusions are right regarding the connection of Aschersoma and Hypocrella, the form for which Thaxter re- cently described the ascigerous stage, assuming that this is spe- cifically distinct, as it appears to be, would be a Hypocrella. It should then become Hypocrella turbinata (Berk.) comb. nov. Another very interesting form with its ascigerous stage has been encountered in our collections distributed by Sydow in Fungi Exotici Exsiccati 84, under the name of Hypocrella salaccensis (Racib.) Petch (in litt.). The specimen examined was collected in the Philipines by P. W. Graff. This species was originally described by Raciborski under the name of Barya salaccensis.® In this species, according to its author, the spindle-shaped conidia are formed after the fashion of an Aschersonia. These are fol- lowed by the perithecia which are so prominent that they appear 6 Bull. Acad. Sci. Cracovie 1906: 909. SEAVER: NortTH AMERICAN HyPoOCREALES 97 almost superficial. The capitate ascus is a very conspicuous char- acter in this species and the segmentation of the spores is much more conspictious than in the previous species. Another species with its perfect stage was collected by J. R. Johnston and J. A. Stevenson at Naguabo, Porto Rico, March 9, 1914, No. 1640. ‘This species is said by the collectors to occur on white fly and was collected on the leaves of Bignomia unguis L. In this species, which will be here designated as Hypocrella disjuncta sp. nov., the stromata are tuberculate and slightly con- stricted at the base. They are perched on the rather large ellip- soid scale so that the insect itself is distinctly visible, serving as a substratum for the stroma. The stroma becomes dull-grayish when mature. The capitate apex of the ascus is small since the ascus itself is constricted at the apex and strongly swollen near the center. While the spores are evidently filiform when young, they very soon break up into their component parts, which become so disjuncted and disheveled that the older ascus appears to be polysporous with little hint of their real filiform character. This is very different from Hypocrella cretacea in which the filiform spores may be easily seen protruding from the broken ascus. Still another Porto Rican species was collected by H. H. Whetzel and E. W. Olive at Maricao on the leaves of Inga laurina Willd., No. 734. This was labeled Aschersonia sp. Later, on a more careful examination, some of the stromata were found to contain asci and the species was referred to Hypocrella guar- anitica Speg., since it seems to agree well with that species as distributed by Balansa in Plantes du Paraguay, No. 3146. The stromata in this species are tubercular, rather conspicuous and become black at maturity. The species grows on a circular scale which is almost completely obscured at maturity. Aypocrella Tamoneae Earle, which was published by the writer in the “ Hypocreales of North America,” was again collected by H. H. Whetzel and E. W. Olive at Maricao, No. 472. This was said by the collectors to occur on scale insects (?). While this species has all of the characters of a Hypocrella its entomogenous character is much less evident than in the other species studied, although as noted above its entomogenous character was sus- 98 MYyYcoLoGIa pected by the collectors before its identity was known. The stromata seems to be more firmly attached to the leaf than those of the other species studied. It appears to occur on some kind of an insect spot. In 1891, Patouillard’ called attention to the fact that Hypocrea viridans Berk. & Curt. is an Aschersonia. ‘This species was in- cluded in North American Flora as a doubtful species. This again emphasizes the similarity between Hypocrea (then includ- ing Hypocrella) and Aschersonia. Since most if not all of the species of Hypocrella are entomo- genous it may be that the various species of the genus will prove to be of economic importance in combating harmful insects, since two species of Aschersonia have already been employed in Florida | for this purpose. A critical study of the species of Hypocrella in the tropics together with the insects which they parasitize might reveal new insect enemies which could be used for this purpose in our own states. This would at least furnish an in- teresting field for investigation. New York BOTANICAL GARDEN. EXPLANATION OF PLATE 6 Hypocrella cretacea.—A, photograph of fern leaf with two stromata; B, diagram section of stromata showing perithecium; C, ascus with spores; D, broken ascus with protruding spores; E, conidia; C—E, drawn with camera lucida. 7 Bulls Soc. Myce; Pr27: \48.> sso 1 VOLUME 12, PLATE 6 MYCOLOGIA HYPOCRELLA CRETACEA von HOHNEL TWO NEW TRUFFLES HELEN M. GILKEY Tuber canaliculatum sp. nov. Tuber Borchit Kauffman non Vittad. Rep. Mich. Acad. Sci. ia 210. TO1O. Ascocarp brown, surface conspicuously covered with small, low, polygonal papillae; veins conspicuous, whitish; cortex pseudoparenchymatous with outermost cells sometimes arranged in hyphae more or less parallel with surface of ascocarp, some- times projecting beyond surface as hairs; pseudaparenchymatous layer changing to somewhat irregularly arranged coalescent hy- phae, becoming less connected toward hymenium; thickness ot peridium 360-520); venae internae small and inconspicuous to almost wanting, consisting of unconnected somewhat irregularly arranged hyphae, latter 4-6 in diam.; tissue between asci of similar structure, but hyphae bordering venae externae becoming distinctly parallel, some ending at margin of vein as more or less regularly arranged, somewhat swollen-tipped paraphyses, others continuing inward to form loose, interwoven tissue filling venae externae; latter much enlarged in places, and hyphal tissue of narrower portions often breaking away, leaving.empty channels through ascocarp; asci short-stipitate, semiglobose to cylindric, 72-88 by 96-120p, I-, 2-, or 3- (generally 2-) spored; spores dark-brown, ellipsoid to nearly globose, 40-52 by 48-72 », alveo- late, 4 by 5 to 7 by 8 alveoli across diameters; sculpturing 4-6 p thick. On sandy hillside of maple, oak, and hemlock, bordering a eedar swamp. Allegan Co., Mich., Sept.-15. No. 339, U. C. Coll. Mrs. C. H. Kauffman. | | This species, which was sent to the University of California herbarium by Professor C. H. Kauffman of the University oi ‘Michigan, was published under the name of T. Borchii in the 12th Report of the Michigan Academy of Sciences, 1910. The material examined, however, does not have the smooth surface of the latter as described by Vittadini (Mon. Tub., 1831) who 29 LOO. =: MycoLocIa established the species, or by Ed. Fischer (Tuberaceen und Hemiasceen in Rabenhorst, Kryptogamen-Flora von Deutschland. V Abtheilung, 1897) ; the asci and spores are larger (the meas- urements for T. Borchii given by Fischer being 60-80 by 60-100 p for asci, and 24-35 by 28-49» for spores). The latter measure- ments made without the sculpturing, may be compared with 28- 40 by 36-6op, the measurements of the Michigan material made in the same manner. In descriptions of 7. Borchit no mention is made of the distinguishing characters of the Michigan specimens, 1.¢., the absence of or very small venae internae, the exceedingly large venae externae sometimes becoming hollow, and the dis- tinct palisade-like hyphae bordering the latter veins. The spore measurements of T. macrosporum, given by Fischer are com- parable to those of this species (28-45 by 38-80), and the surface of the ascocarp is described as having “kleinen, abgeflacht pyra- midenformigen Warzen oder polygonalen Feldern,’ but here, also, paraphyses and the peculiar nature of the venae externae are not mentioned, while the reticulation of the spore surface is described—also figured by Tulasne (Fungi Hypogaei, 1851 )—as very close, 10 by 15 alveoli occurring across diameters in Tulas- ne’s illustration. The figure and descriptions represent the spore, Fic. 1. Spores of the two species described. On the left, one of Tuber canaliculatum X 385. On the right, of Tuber unicolor X 625. too, as much longer in comparison to its short diameter than that of the Michigan species. Tuber unicolor sp. nov. Ascocarp yellow-brown, I-2 cm. in diam., somewhat convolute io sometimes deeply furrowed; surface very minutely scabrous; gleba yellowish with slender white veins; outer cortical tissue GILKEY: Two New TRUFFLES 101 coarsely pseudoparenchymatous, breaking away more or less at surface, changing within to irregular open tissue consisting of pseudoparenchyma. and hyphae; sub-cortex of similar structure but more compact, and forming origin of venae internae; thick- ness of peridium 400-600; venae internae similar in structure to sub-cortex, hyphae 4-6 » in diam. ; venae externae conspicuous, long, branching, generally twice the diam. of venae internae, similar in structure to inner cortical layer, hyphae 6p in diam. ; asci semi-globose, 48-56 by 56-64, I-4-spored; spores yellow, globose-ellipsoid, 20-38 by 22-40, alveolate, 3 by 4 to 6 by 7 alveoli across diameters, sculpturing 4-5 u thick. Beneath the surface of the ground, near oaks. No. 530, U. C. Coll., L Robba & G. Giavelli. Material of this species was received from Dr. Fred J. Seaver, of the New York Botanical Garden, and later from Mrs. Flora Patterson, of Washington, D. C., the material in both cases, how- ever, having been collected near New York City by L. Robba and G. Giavelli. Of the European species of Tuber described, this apparently comes nearest T.dryophilum, T.maculatum, and T.rapaeodorum, principally in the general characters of ascocarp surface and of spore. However, the specimens of this species examined differ from descriptions of all three in the uniform color of the asco- carp, that of the three European species mentioned being de- scribed as mottled or spotted. The unusually thick cortex and the 1-4-spored asci also distinguish our species from T. dryophi- lum as described. In gleba color and number of spores in the ascus, it differs from descriptions of T. maculatum; and from T. rapaeodorum in the usual spore number in the ascus, in the shape of the spores (the measurements cited for the spores of the latter, i.e. 20-42 by 23-29, making them less nearly globose), and in the characteristic structure of the cortex described above, that of the European species as figured by Tulasne (Fung. Hyph., pl 18, fig. 1), having a distinctly pseudoparenchymatous structure with- out, and hyphal structure within. It is thought best to consider this, therefore, a distinct species. AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, CoRVALLIS, OREGON. A PHYLLACHORELLA PARASITIC ON SARGASSUM C. FERDINANDSEN AND O. WINGE In March, 1914, Professor C. H. Ostenfeld collected a quantity of Sargassum in the Atlantic at a locality lying at 30° 217 N. Lat., 45° 20! W. Long. ‘Two of the plants had conspicuous protuber- ances, which were scattered along the stems and partly on the bladders as well. These protuberances varied in size; being sometimes as large as the head of a pin and sometimes %—-1 cm. across, irregularly rounded and knobby (Fig. 1). The knobby surface of the tumors was due to perithecia-like loculi, sometimes placed close together in a continuous stroma, giving a black color to the tumor; sometimes more scattered, the stroma not being continuous but divided into several minor stromata containing only a single or but few loculi. In the latter case the pale tissue of the host was visible between the small partial stromata. Fic. 1 (On the left). Showing the habit of the fungus, slightly magnified. Fic. 2. Stroma with two loculi. 15: -Asci and sporesxpcmas, A further investigation revealed the fact that the parasitic organism was a well-developed ascomycetous fungus, belonging 102 2 fh ohiy ~Seaotubagall FERDINANDSEN & WINGE: PHYLLACHORELLA 103 to the Dothideales. Its clypeus-like stromata refer it to the Phyllachoraceae’ (Fig. 2). The curious substratum makes im- possible a direct parallel between the position of this fungus in the tissue and that of the Phyllachoraceae, which are parasites on phanerogamous plants. However, we consider that it is correct to refer the fungus to the genus Phyllachorella Sydow. The: fungus was found present on two distinct species of Sar- gassum. ‘The stromata of the fungus were usually overgrown with epiphytes. A diagnosis in Latin follows: Phyllachorella oceanica Ferdinandsen & Winge, sp. nov. Stromatibus matrici tumefactae insidentibus, strato corticall innatis, nunc unilocularibus, punctiformibus, nunc crustas mori- formi-tuberculatas, usque ad 1 cm. latas formantibus, atris. Loculis in tuberculo singulo stromatis pluribus immersis, fere globosis, 500-800 » diam., supreme strato nigrefacto crasso, quod saepius inter loculos plus minusve prorepit eosque interdum cin- eit, tectis. Stratis subjacentibus matricis hyphis fungi inter- textis. Ascis late ellipsoideis, plerumque 55-77 X 24-32 p, sessilibus ; paraphysibus nullis. Sporis octonis, distichis, asep- tatis, hyalinis, multiguttulatis, plurimis 20-304 X 10-13 p, forma (? secundum aetatem) valde varia: saepius ellipsoideis utrinque late rotundatis vel truncatis, rarius fusiformibus, apicula recta subcurvatave predictis. Species habitatione praedistincta, oceanica, caules nec non vesicas duarum specierum Sargassi, sub nominibus Sarg. II et Sari descriptorum,? infestans, Lat. 33° 21’ N..Long., 45° 20’ W. mense Martio, 1914, a cl. C. H. Ostenfeld lecta——Stromata saepe Aglaophenia latecarinata et Membranipora tuberculata obsessa. COPENHAGEN, DENMARK. 1F, Theiszen and H. Sydow. Die Dothideales, Berlin, 1915. 2In O. Winge: The Sargasso Sea, its boundaries and vegetation. [Re- port on the “ Thor” Expeditions, 1908-10, in the Mediterranean and adjacent seas, 1920.] NOTES AND BRIEF ARTICLES [Unsigned notes are by the editor] Readers of Mycotocia are invited to contribute to this department personal news items and notes or brief articles of interest to mycologists in general. Manuscript should be submitted before the middle of the month preceding the month in which this publication is issued. Dr. W. C. Coker spent the Christmas holidays, December 28 to January 8, at the Garden consulting the library and mycological herbarium. He was checking up a number of fungi from North Carolina, in various groups, for early publication. | Mr. V. C. Dunlap, of Cornell University, spent several days during the Christmas holidays examining specimens of Pleurotus in the mycological herbarium. He was a graduate student with Professor Atkinson before he was drafted in 1918. Hes now Professor Rowlee’s assistant. Mr. H. S. Bergman, formerly assistant pathologist in fruit disease investigations, Bureau of Plant Industry, has become pro- fessor of botany in the College of Hawaii, Honolulu. The following appointments have been made in Cereal Disease Investigations, Bureau of Plant Industry: Miss Florence M. Smith, from Syracuse University, Miss Jessie I. Wood, from Leland Stanford University, Miss Grace O. Furrow, from the University of Chicago, and Mr. George H. Gillespie, who was engaged during the past summer in the campaign for barberry eradication. Botrytis cinerea is now held responsible for various kinds of injury to many kinds of plants, and new evidences of its injurious © attacks are continually being brought to light. In the Kew Bul- lettin. for I917, an account is given of the killing ‘Gt sae ice: Aesculus pavia, by this fungus. 104 4 Se A ee ee a Notes AND BrIEF ARTICLES 105 The dreaded walnut blight, caused by Bacterium juglandis, which is now widely distributed in America, has been introduced with nursery stock into South Africa. According to Doidge, its development is greatly favored by rain and mist in the early part of the season, when many of the nuts drop from the trees. It is carried over to the next season in leaves and in lesions on the twigs. Market Pathology and Market Diseases of Vegetables is the title of a very important paper contributed by Link and Gardner to Phytopathology for November, 1919. ‘This study grew out of cooperative work during the war to lessen waste in the crop of vegetables after picking. After a general introduction, the various vegetables are taken up in alphabetical order and the principal diseases attacking each one are discussed. erarerelius, Cantharellus, and Related Genera,’ by W. C. Coker, with 25 pages and 17 plates, appeared in the Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society for October, 1919. Seven species of Craterellus and twelve of Cantharellus are included for North Carolina. The photographs and the drawings of the spores are excellent, as usual. No novelties are described. The poplar canker, Dothichiza populea, was studied by Mr. I K. Primm in the vicinity of Philadelphia during the summer of 1917 and his results published the following year in the Journal of Economic Entomology. ‘The Lombardy poplar suffered most severely, especially where the lower branches were pruned away. The omission of pruning and care regarding drainage are recom- mended for old poplar trees of all kinds. In the case of young trees, it was discovered that the only nursery which was entirely free from the disease was one that had been sprayed regularly every winter with lime-sulphur mixture. The mosaic disease of sugar cane, which has been so destruc- tive in Porto Rico, has recently been discovered in Louisiana and other Southern States. A circular distributed by the Porto Rican 106 MYycoLocta’ Agricultural Station in 1918, prepared by E. D. Coldn and F. S. Farle, states that the disease is incurable so far as individual plants are concerned and is probably hereditary. The employ- ment of strictly sound material for propagation, inspection of growing crops at frequent intervals, and eradication of all but unquestionably sound canes are recommended as _ control measures. Bulletin 829 of the U. S. Dept. of Agrictlture, ty 5E WV Brandes, contains an up-to-date and full discussion of this dis- ease, with special reference to its occurrence in the United States. Two colored plates accompany the bulletin. Methods of control which originated in Java and Hawaii and have been used with success in Porto Rico are described in detail. A Revision of the British Clavariae, by A. 1D, Cotton andi i, M. Wakefield, appeared in the Transactions of the British Myco- logical Society for September, 1919. This work of revision was begun in 1905, when it was intended to include all the described species of Clavaria, numbering about 400, and to publish a mono- graph of the entire genus. The confusion regarding European species, however, and the necessity for considerable careful micro- scopic work, caused the authors to devote their attention at first to the British species, numbering 37 in all, including C. Broomet and C. Invalit, described as new, and C. gigaspora; C. Crosslandu, C. straminea, and C. persimilis, recently published elsewhere. Clavaria fastigiata is reduced to a variety and 22 names have been excluded from the British list as synonyms or indetermin- able. The paper contains excellent descriptions and many inter- esting notes but no plates, although many references to illustra- tions are included. Bulletin 214 of the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Sta- tion comprises the report of the botanist, Dr. G. P. Clinton, for the years-1917 and 1918. Five pages are devoted to the ~ In- spection of Phaenogamic Herbaria for Rusts on Ribes sps.,” by Clinton, and 32 pages and 8 plates to “ Infection Experiments of Pinus Strobus with Cronartium ribicola,’ by Clinton and Mc- Notes AND BRIEF ARTICLES 107 Cormick. This latter paper is an exceedingly important one, being one of the best contributions published on the biology of this serious disease of the white pine. Other papers in the bul- letin deal with spraying and fertilizer experiments. Professor H. S. Jackson, of Lafayette, Indiana, spent several days at the Garden in February consulting the library and mycological herbarium in connection with monographic work on the rusts for North American Flora. Dr. E. Mead Wilcox, formerly of the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station, has been appointed Director of the Santo Domingo Experiment Station, with his headquarters at Santo Domingo. He entered upon the duties of his new position on March I. Professor H. C. Beardslee, formerly of Asheville, North Caro- lina, has definitely retired from school. work and will devote him- self henceforth to botanical studies in which he is particularly interested. He and Mrs. Beardslee are located for the present at New Smyrna, Florida. Under date of January 25, Professor Beardslee wrote: “I am finding the fungi here very interesting and am getting some good material together.” Dr. Bernard O. Dodge, formerly of Columbia University, is now connected with the Bureau of Plant Industry at Washington, having entered upon his new duties on February 1. On the eve of his departure from Columbia, Professor and Mrs. Harper invited a number of his friends to a farewell dinner at the Faculty Club. Dr. and Mrs. Dodge were extremely active both in general botany and mycology, and they will be sadly missed in New York. It may be, however, that they will find more time for strictly mycological work in Washington. POLYPORUS EXCURRENS Berk. & Curt. In preparing a brief article on Trametes serpens for the Janu- ary number of Mycotocta, I stated that Miss Wakefield had 108 MycoLociIa been asked to look up the type specimen of P. excurrens at Kew so that it might be compared with specimens called T. serpens in America. This she has very kindly done and I have been allowed to get a glimpse of it. Polyporus excurrens Berk. & Curt. is only a very thin, old, shabby, entirely resupinate form of Trametes rigida Berk. & Mont., described in 1849 and later known as Polystictus extensus Cooke, Polystictus rigens Sacc. & Cub., Coriolopsis rigida (Berk. & Mont.) Murrill, and perhaps by other names. This is why I did not find it at Kew, where it is now marked “ Polyporus ex- tensus B. & C., Cuba, Curtis (Wright 30r).” This leaves our American “Trametes serpens’’ without a name. To those who think it sufficiently distinct from Elmeriana setulosa (P. Henn.) Bres., of the Philippine Islands, to deserve a separate name, I would suggest Trametes subserpens. W. A. Mourrit. A. CORRECTION In the article on “Some Deseribed Species ori Porta = pul- lished in Mycotocta for September, 1919, the attempt to make Saccardo’s classification prominent and reference to his work easy led to an error in citation, since many of the species in- cluded had already been transferred to the genus Poria by Cooke two years previously and Saccardo simply followed his treatment. The correct citations for the first combinations of these species, taken in order, would therefore be as follows: Poria incrustans (Berk. & Curt.) Cooke, Grevillea 14: 114. 1886. Poria elachista (Berk.) Cooke, Grevillea 14: 109. 1886. Poria Salviae (Berk. & Curt.) Cooke, Grevillea 14: 112. 1886. Portia candidissima (Schw.) Cooke, Grevillea 14: 111. 1886. Poria calcea (Schw.) Cooke, Grevillea 14: 114. 1886. Poria interna, (Schw.) Cooke, Grevillea 14: 109. 1886. Poria xantholoma (Schw.) Cooke, Grevillea 14: 113. 1886. Poria limitata (Berk. & Curt.) Cooke, Grevillea 14: 113. 1886. Poria tenuis (Schw.) Cooke, Grevillea TA ihTA. iooor Poria Sassafras (Schw.) Cooke, Grevillea 14: 109. 1886. Poria Alabamae (Berk. & Cooke) Cooke, Grevillea 14: 113. 1886. Poria pulchella (Schw.) Cooke, Grevillea 14: 113. 1886. Poria Caryae (Schw.) Cooke, Grevillea 14: 111. 1886. Poria dryina (Berk. & Cooke) Cooke, Grevillea 14: 112. 1886. Poria fatiscens (Berk. & Rav.) Cooke, Grevillea 14: 114. 1886. ei oke ig tant Notes AND BriEF ARTICLES 109 Poria decolorans (Schw.) Cooke, Grevillea 14: 113. 1886. Poria clathrata (Berk. & Curt.) Cooke, Grevillea 14: 112.. 1886. Poria cremor (Berk. & Curt.) Cooke, Grevillea 14: 110. 1886. Poria rivulosa (Berk. & Curt.) Cooke, Grevillea 14: 109. 1886. Poria anaectopora (Berk. & Curt.) Cooke, Grevillea 14: 114. 1886. Poria vesiculosa (Berk. & Curt.) Cooke, Grevillea 14: 114. 1886. Poria favescens (Schw.) Cooke, Grevillea 14: 113. 1886. Poria Rhododendri (Schw.) Cooke, Grevillea 14: 113. 1886. Poria favillacea (Berk. & Curt.) Cooke, Grevillea 14: 111. 1886. Poria Lindbladii (Berk.) Cooke, Grevillea 14: 111. 1886. W. A. MurRRILL. A FUND For SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH The Carnegie Corporation of New York has announced its purpose to give $5,000,000 for the use of the National Academy of Sciences and the National Research Council. It is understood that a portion of the money will be used to erect in Washington a home of suitable architectural dignity for the two beneficiary organizations. The remainder will be placed in the hands of the Academy, which enjoys a federal charter, to be used as a perma- nent endowment for the National Research Council. This im- pressive gift is a fitting supplement to Mr. Carnegie’s great con- tributions to science and industry. The Council is a democratic organization based upon some forty of the great scientific and engineering societies of the country, which elect delegates to its constituent divisions. It is .not supported or controlled by the government, differing in this respect from other similar organizations established since the beginning of the war in England, Italy, Japan, Canada and Aus- tralia. It intends, if possible, to achieve in a democracy and by democratic methods the great scientific results which the Germans achieved by autocratic methods in an autocracy while avoiding the obnoxious features of the autocratic regime. The Council was organized in 1916 as a measure of national preparedness and its efforts during the war were mostly confined to assisting the government in the solution of pressing war-time problems involving scientific investigation. Reorganized since the war on a peace-time footing, it is now attempting to stimulate and promote scientific research in agriculture, medicine, and in- 110 MycoLoctIa dustry, and in every field of pure science. The war afforded a convincing demonstration of the dependence of modern nations _ upon scientific achievement, and nothing is more certain than that the United States will ultimately fall behind in its competition with the other great peoples of the world unless there be per- sistent and energetic effort expended to foster scientific discovery. SECRETARY, NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL, DAEDALEA EXTENSA REDISCOVERED : This species was described by Peck in his annual report in 1891 as follows: “Resupinate, thick, coriaceous, often uneven or somewhat nodulose, the margin at first cottony and white, soon changing to — : brown, the subiculum slightly rufescent; pores large, unequal and labyrinthiform, in vertical places oblique, whitish; spores minute, oblong, .00024 to .0003 in. long, .ooo1 to .00012 broad. “Prostrate trunks of deciduous trees. Salamaticagn) oep- tember. “This forms patches two feet or-more in length on the sides and lower surface of the trunk. It follows the inequalities of the surface, and in vertical places it becomes more or less nodu- lose or develops a thick obtuse margin, which is velvety-tomentose and at length dark-brown in color, but I have seen no reflexed margin. It is suggestive of resupinate forms of Trametes mollis, but differs from it in the character of the pores in the thicker subiculum and in the absence of any free margin.” The type collection is gone and there is nothing left but the description ; but this, like most of Peck’s descriptions, is exceed- ingly good. I have a specimen collected a few years ago at Bloomington, Indiana, by Van Hook (2398) on oak and tulip- tree wood. “This fungus,” he says, “grew away from the light, spreading over the surfaces of the two kinds of wood where they lay on each other. It may be a Poria, but it looked much like a Daedalea when fresh.” This specimen corresponds to Peck’s description, except that the hymenium is now avellaneous instead of whitish. I have compared it with a number of resupinate specimens of Trametes mollis and find that it differs from them just as Peck said—espe- SDR PNG Tahini DI i ree Notes AND BRIEF ARTICLES 111 cially in the character of the pores, the thicker context, and the absence of any free margin. The young margin is tomentose and whitish, becoming fulvous or brown in dried specimens. To clear up a doubtful species is much better than to describe a new one; and mycologists are indebted to Professor Van Hook for his timely aid in this addition to our knowledge of a very rare and interesting species, which is now known from two localities instead of one. W. A. MurRILL. INDEX TO AMERICAN MYCOLOGICAL LITERATURE Arthur, J. C., & Mains, E. B. Grass rusts of unusual structure. Bull. Torrey Club 46: 411-415. f. 1, 2. ~5 N mone, Puccinia phakopsorides sp. nov. is described. Brandes, E. W. Banana wilt. Phytopathology 9: 339-389. /l. 2I-34-+f. I-5. S 1919. Brandes, E. W. ‘The mosaic disease of sugar cane and other grasses. U.S. Dept. Agr. Bull. 829: 1-26. pl. 1 +f. 1-5. 29 O 1910. Brooks, M. M.—Comparative studies on respiration—VIII. The respiration of Bacillus subtilis in relation to antagonism. Jour. Gen. Physiol. 2: 5-15. f. I-5. 20S 1919. Burt, E. A. An edible garden Hebeloma. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 6: 171-174. pl, 3. IF © Tore. Hebeloma hortense sp. nov. Burt, E. A—Protomerulius Farlowi Burt, n. sp. Ann. Missouri Bot..Gard: 022175177. 7. Fo 6 11) © 101]: Carsner, E. Susceptibility of various plants to curly-top of sugar beet. Phytopathology 9: 413-421. f. 1-7. S 1919. Dana, B. F. A preliminary note on foot-rot of cereals in the northwest. Science II. 50: 484, 485. 21 N 1919, Davis, J. J. North American Ascochytae. Trans. Wisconsin Acad, Set, 10.:.655-6070. > 1910: 3 Davis, J. J. Notes on parasitic fungi in Wisconsin—lV._ Trans. Wisconsin Acad. Sci. 19: 671-689 ; —V. 690—704.; —VI. 705- 727. 1910, | hast. Twenty-two new species are described. Doran, W. L. The minimum, optimum, and maximum tempera- tures of spore germination in some Uredinales. Phytopathol- Ogy'9: 302-102. f.21. 5 1989, | Edgerton, C. W. A new Balansia on Cyperus. Mycologia 11: 250-261. p1..72, 18°0) 1910: Balansia cyperi sp. nov. Faull, J. H. Pineapple fungus or enfant de pin or watadoy Mycologia 11: 267-272. 18 O I19Q19. 112 INDEX TO AMERICAN MycoLoGICAL LITERATURE 113 Fisher, D. F., & Newcomer, E. J. Controlling important fungous and insect enemies of the pear in the humid sections of the Pacific northwest. U.S. Dept. Agr. Farm. Bull. 1056: 1-34. er -78.-S roto. | Fisher, 0. E—Mushroom poisoning. In Kauffman, C.H. The Agaricaceae of Michigan. Mich. Geol. & Biol. Surv. 26: 825- 864. 1918. | Gustafson, F.G. Comparative studies on respiration—IX. The effect of antagonistic salts on the respiration of Aspergillus niger. Jour. Gen. Physiol. 2: 17-24. f. 1-3. 20 S 1919. Harter, L. L. Sweet potato diseases. U.S. Dept. Agr. Farm. Bull. 1059: 1-24. f. 1-15. O 1919. | Kauffman, C.H. The Agaricaceae of Michigan—Vol. I. Mich- igan Geol. & Biol. Surv. Publ. 26: i-xvii+ 1-924. 1918; Vol. Wi i-7172.. 1918. New species are described in Russula (3), Hypholoma (2), Psilocybe (1), Cortinarius (13), Inocybe (2), Hebeloma (1), Galera (2), Crepidotus (1), Eccilia (1), Lepiota (1), Pleurotus (1), Tricholoma (1), and Clitocybe (1). Keene, M. L.—Studies of zygospore formation in Phycomyces mitans Kunze. Trans. Wisconsin Acad. Sci. 19: 1195-1220. pl. 10-18. 1919. Kempton, F. E. Origin and development of the pycnidium.— Behar Gaz. 68: 233-261. pl. r7-22. 16 © 1010. Levine, M. Studies on plant cancers—I. The mechanism of the formation of the leafy crown gall. Bull. Torrey Club 46: 1447-452. pl. 17, 156. N 19109. Murrill, W. A. Collecting fungi in Virginia. Mycologia 11: 277-279; 18 O_IgI9. Murrill, W. A. Some described species of Poria. Mycologia BE 231-244. 18 O 1919: Overholts, L.O. Some Colorado fungi. Mycologia 11: 245-258. 18 O 1919. Pammel, L. H. Recent literature on fungous diseases of plants. Trans. lowa Hort. Soc. 53: 185-225. 1918. Peltier, G. L. Carnation stem rot and its control. Illinois Neg. Basp. Bull. 223: 579-607.. f. 1-5. S 1919. Rankin, W. H. Manual of tree diseases. i-xx + 1-308. f. I- 70. New York, 1918. 114 MycoLoctIa Schmitz, H., & Zeller, S. M. Studies in the physiology of the fungi—_IX. Enzyme action in Armillaria mellea Vahl. Daedalea confragosa (Bolt.) Fr. and Polyporus lucidus (Leys.) Fr. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 6: 193-200. pl. 4, f. 12) 1S OL: Schultz, E. S., and others. Investigations on the mosaic disease of the Irish potato. Jour. Agr. Research 17: 247-274. pl. A, B, 25-30. Y5. 5, 1910. Sears, F. C. Productive orcharding. i-xiv-+ 1-315. f. 1-155. Philadelphia. 4 Mr 19109. Second edition revised, contains chapter on diseases of trees. Shapovalov, M. Is the common potato scab controllable by a mere rotation of crops? Phytopathology 9: 422-424. f. 1. S IQI9Q. Steinberg, R. A. A study of some factors in the chemical stimu- lation of the growth of Aspergillus niger. Am. Jour. Bot. 6: 330-356. 20 N 1919; 357-372. Nag1@ Stevens, F. L. Foot-rot disease of wheat. Historical and bibliographic. Illinois Nat. Hist. Surv. Bull. 13: 259-286. f. 1. O I9gI19. Turley, H. E. New fruit fungi found on the Chicago market. Science II. '§04°375;\376.. 17°O T0918! Vogel, I. H. A rose graft disease. Phytopathology 9: 403-412. 7. 1-6. STOKE: Webb, R. W. Studies in the physiology of the fungi—X. Germ- ination of the spores of certain fungi in relation to hydrogen- ion concentration. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 6: 201-222. f. 15.) 11 OOo: West, E. An undescribed timber decay of hemlock. Mycologia II: 262-266. 18 O 1919. Weir, J. R. Pathological marking rules for Idaho and Montana. Jour. Forestry 17: 666-681. O I9g19. Weir, J. R., & Hubert, E. E. A study of the rots of western white pine. U.S. Dept. Agr. Bull. 799: 1-24. 10 N 19109. Zeller, S. M., & Schmitz, H. Studies in the physiology of the fungi—VIII. Mixed cultures. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 6: 183-102. pl. 4. 11 O 1919. “AIT 7 Ae Maral: Me teecee (ti : a in North American Peronosporales—I. The Genus Albuge North American Peronosporales—11. _Phytophthoreae ‘and hie ° . A. Murrill, ippine i elvpelaseae, by W. A. Murrill, hy festern apes h ee eh W. A. Murrill. e in North pais "tcoona ae Index, by tf is, by Fe i Seaver.’ eee . sales “Nectria Peziza, by omycetes, Oy FJ. Seaver (rec price 50 goth "Bronx Park, New York City Journal of the New York Botanical bose montt y, illy ing notes, news, and non-technical articles of general int members of the Garden. To others, 10 cents a. ‘copy offered in exchange. ] Now in its twenty-first ite) interest, and an Higa to current American mycolo, year; single copies not ter sale. ciel offered in twelfth volume. popular eecsrotious of flowering in : cele plates i ine in each volume. 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Fabaceae (pars) Vol. 25, part 1,.1907; part 2, 1910; paft 3, 1911. Vol. 29, part 1, 1914. Clethraceae—Ericaceae. Vol. 32, part 1, tors, Rubiaceae pars) Memoirs of ie New York Botanical Gacden.| Pr Garden, $1.50 per volume. To others, $3.00. [Not offe Vol. I. An Annotated ‘Catalogue of the Flora of Mo stone Park, by Per Axel Rydberg. ix + 492 pp., with det Vol. Il. The Influence of Light and Darkness upon ment, by D. T. MacDougal. xvi + 320 pp., with 176 figu1 Vol. IIT. Studies of Cretaceous Coniferous aa baiaine fr 1909. Vol. IV. Effects of the Rape of Radium on fie b Gager. viii + 278 pp., with 73 figures and 14, plates. re Baia * Vol. V. Flora of the Vicinity of. New York: A eit ie Tani Geography, by Norman Taylor. vi + 683 pp., with 9 p. es ee a ‘Vol. VI. Papers presented at the Celebration of the ntieth An sary of the New York band Garden. — viii a 592 P many text figures. 1916. Contributions from the N ew York Botanical Garder nical papers written by students or members of sn Bae: journals other than the above it the ninth volume. 3 st ay} PUB : ASSOCIATE. EDITORS _ FRANKLIN 8. EARLE’ . BRUCE FINK “ROBERT A, HARPER > THOMAS H. MACBRIDE 'NARCISSE PATOUILLARD tA ins ned hie, PEE et LARSROMELL FRED J. SEAVER CORNELIUS L. SHEAR TYOZABURO TANAKA CONTENTS rags i The Life History of Ascobolus magnificus . B. 0. ae 115 Some Mycological Notes for 1919 . . L. O. OverHouts 135 : Rusts from Glacier National Park, Montana. ==———«—” : Paut C. STANDLEY 143 43 New or Noteworthy North American Ustilaginales. | H. S. JAcKsoN 140 Another New Truffle . . . . . . . W. A. Murrite 187 Notes and Brief Articles . . . ..... ss i ‘ 159 : Index to American Mycological Literature .. . , eu ie 172, | The New Era Printing iateeiy makes the following charges to tutors for a articles reprinted from MycoLoaiA, if ordered with proof: ue 8pp.| r2pp.| z6pp. | zopp. | zapp. | 28pp. baal SS | SS | SS | ES | ES | NS | _ Covers: 25 for $1.75. Additional covers, IC. each. Plates: 300 for 7 $.00. ae MYCOLOGIA ; THE LIFE HISTORY OF ASCOBOLUS B. O. DopdGE . (Wi1TH PLATES 7, 8, AND FIGURES 1-28 IN THE TEXT) During the years since Ascobolus magnificus was first de- scribed (6), I have been carrying on from time to time culture studies of this fungus with the hope of: being able to settle sev- _ eral puzzling questions that have arisen with regard to it. Ap- parently it has been collected in Porto Rico several times and some of these specimens have been identified by Dr. F. J. Seaver and deposited in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Gar- den. The identification of the forms from Porto Rico could be checked up by the use of artificial cultures. It is certainly un- known in Europe or otherwise except from my cultures. In this preliminary paper I shall discuss briefly the following topics: (1) The development of the primordia—ascogonia and antheridia. (2) The asexual or Papulospora stage. (3) Intrahyphal myce- lium. (4) The necessity of two strains in sexual reproduction. Atkinson (1), in his usual vigorous style, arrayed the evidence against a theory of the origin of the Ascomycetes from the Flori- deae and endeavored to show how the Oomycetes, through Dipo- dascus, may have been the ancestors of our “higher”? Ascomy- cetes. It was his opinion that the trichogyne could have arisen by the further development of the receptive papilla of the odgo- nium. He says that no one has ever proved that the multi- [Mycotoe1a for March (12: 59-114) was issued April 8, 1920] 115 116 Mycotocta cellular trichogynes of the lichens and other Ascomycetes func- tion in sexual reproduction. These structures have arisen through “progressive sterilization” and are taking on more and more vegetative functions now that sexuality has been lost. About the time Atkinson was formulating this theory, Killian (11) was publishing a preliminary paper on Venturia in which he says the nuclei from the antheridium pass into the trichogyne and travel down the long ascogonial coil, the cross walls of which disor- ganize. The theory of progressive sterilization of the tricho- gyne is thus overthrown immediately and completely in the event Killian’s claim can be confirmed. I have not as yet seen his final paper on the subject (12). Ina still later paper on Cryptomyces by the same authdér (13) there are reported other interesting dis- coveries, all of which, if true, go to show that one should not be too dogmatic in considering a subject such as the sexuality of the Asomycetes about which so little is really known. Little short of a screen demonstration of the passage of the male nuclei from the antheridium into the ascogenous cell will be accepted as final proof that the multiseptate trichogyne functions in sexual reproduction. There are those who deny that in Pyronema the simple one-celled trichogyne functions. Brown (2) claims that he studied a strain in which the trichogyne did not fuse with the antheridium at all. Unfortunately he lost this curious strain before his paper appeared in print. THE ORIGIN OF THE ASCOCARP In a fertile culture from four to six days old, one can find short one- or two-celled club-shaped branches growing in an erect or oblique position at the surface of the medium. They may be scattered about singly in certain regions (Text fig. 1) or they are more commonly associated in pairs, and sometimes in groups of three or four, all very much alike (Text figs. 2-5). Ina very few hours some of the paired branches elongate (Text fig. 4). Both members may be somewhat curved and inclined, one slightly above the other (Text fig. 5). In such case the lower one ceases to elongate and remains a slightly curved two- or three-celled antheridium. Very frequently, however, both structures arise at Dopce: LirE History oF ASCOBOLUS MAGNIFICUS IIl17 a short distance apart ; one remains erect, the other elongates rap- idly, forming a trichogyne which grows out and circles widely about the antheridium, drawing it up into the coiled portion, the end of which coils tightly about the end cell of the antheridium and fuses with it (Text figs. 8, 10). The habit of growing erect on the surface of the medium is a hindrance to making photo- graphs or camera lucida drawings of the primordia as they de- velop. The ascogonia are always knocked over on the antheri- dium and flattened down when a cover glass is used. It is not at all difficult to prove in every normal case that this club-shaped antheridium is present. By using a high-powered binocular microscope and a pair of the finest dissecting needles, or needles made of glass drawn out, the antheridium can be pulled out of the trichogyne coil provided fusion has not yet taken place. In Pl. 7, figs. 1 and 3, are shown photographs of a pair of young primordia with different magnifications, and figs. 2 and 4 show the same pairs after the antheridium has been pulled out of the encircling trichogyne coil. No fusion has taken place; the antheridium is plump and the contents are granular. An attempt to separate the organs in later stages, that is, after fusion of the cells, always results in a rupture of the trichogyne, sometimes the break occurring adjacent to the ascogenous cell (PI. 7, fig. 7). In most cases short hyphal branches soon grow out from the stalk of the ascogonium and wrap about the stalk of the an- theridium, so that it is impossible to separate the primordia (PI. 7, figs. 5, 7, 8 and text fig. 8). This evidently is a further pro- vision for maintaining the erect habit. It seems that there are two phases in the life of this species when an abundance of air is necessary, first at spore germination and second at the origin of the ascocarps. Only those ascospores germinate that lie on the surface of the medium and primordia never form beneath the surface of the agar. A. Winteri and A. carbonarius are indif- ferent to the amount of air at both of these periods. The asco- genous cell, which can soon be recognized, begins to enlarge rap- idly (Text figs. 7, 8, 9, and PI. 7, fig. 9) and ascogenous hyphae grow out in considerable numbers sometimes before sterile hy- phae have begun to bud out to form the fruit body. (Text figs. iO,13, 14, 15.) et OY MYCOLOGIA - 118 DopcE: Lire History oF ASCOBOLUS MAGNIFICUS 119 The form which the ascogonium takes as it develops depends greatly upon the position of the antheridium. Cases are illus- trated in Text fig. 6 and in Pl. 7, fig. 6, in-which the ascogonium becomes spirally coiled about the antheridium. In the latter figure the end of the trichogyne is plainly visible as it coils about the end of the antheridium. The type shown in Pl. 7, figs. 5, 8, is very common and fig. 10 shows another fairly common type in which the trichogyne makes a wide sweeping coil and the end runs upward along the antheridium (Text figs. 12,14). Text fig. 15 shows a form in which the ascogenous hyphae have grown out to a considerable length before a single sterile hypha has appeared from the stalk of the ascogonium. The antheridium arises from the hypha crossing beneath from an oblique angle so that it is not shown in the figure. A rather complicated system is shown in Text fig. 11, in which it is difficult to determine the origin of the antheridium, and the trichogyne seems to be unnecessarily long. The antheridium is frequently quite a distance away and it may be that there is an inherent tendency to develop a long trichogyne even in cases where the antheridium grows nearby. In the specimens illustrated in Text fig. 10 the antheridium is really at some distance from the ascogonium, but the preparation was crushed down with a cover glass so that the ascogonium fell over on the antheridium as it always does in mounting the primordia. The camera lucida drawings reproduced in the text were made eight years ago from material preserved for a time in glycerine and then mounted in glycerine jelly. These preparations are very transparent, flattened out and distorted, still the essential features can be made out. Better preparations were made this TeExT Fics. 1-11. 1. A single two-celled primordium. 2. A group of three structures, two of which may pair up. 3. A typical pair of primordia, both curved, one lying slightly above the other. 4. The ascogonium arises from the end cell of a hypha and curves over the antheridium. 5. Trichogyne begin- ning ‘to coil about the antheridium, the ascogenous cell not yet differentiated ; sterile hyphae are growing out of the stalks of the primordia. 6. Spiral archi- carp. Compare with fig. 6 in Plate 7. 7. Fertilization has taken place; the ascogenous cell is differentiated. 8. Outgrowth of sterile hyphae from the base of the archicarp. 9. The most common type of primordia. 10. Ascogenous hyphae beginning to grow out. These primordia are exceptionally long-stalked. 11, Complicated coil with a long trichogyne. 120 MycoLociIa TExT Fics. 12-18. 12. Papulospora on the same hyphae with the an- theridium. 13. Club-shaped aborted structure near functional primordia. 14. Shows a trichogyne somewhat entangled coiling about the antheridium and the stalk of the ascogonium; ascogenous hyphae well advanced. 15. Long asco- genous hyphae have grown out before the sterile hyphae from the stalk of the DopcE: LIFE History oF ASCOBOLUS MAGNIFICUS 121 year by mounting primordia directly from Flemming’s weak fixa- tive (after washing) into glycerine jelly. The darkening effect of the fixative is an aid in photographing the primordia. I have previously described the young apothecium (8), point- ing out that the hymenium is never covered by a pseudoperidium of sterile cells, such as we find in A. furfuraceus. A. magnificus is exactly like Pyronema in this respect. That an apothecium is “at first closed, then opens,” in various ways or that the “ hymen- ium is exposed from the first,” these are specific but not neces- sarily generic or family characters in the Discomycetes. In any fertile culture there can be found a great number of aborted ascogonia. The trichogyne may sometimes be unable to | connect with the antheridium (Text fig. 16), or this structure may not mature sufficiently. In Text fig. 18 a good antheridium is shown to have developed but something evidently prevented fertilization. The paired structures shown in Text fig. 17 did not develop completely. Owing to the large size of apothecia of this species only a relatively small number reach maturity in any one culture, but hundreds of primordia are developed in dung cultures and large numbers of apothecia begin growth without maturing unless the older apothecia are removed or die out. Occasionally I have found that the ascogonium affects a weak union with a club-shaped structure developing on the same hypha, suggesting that rarely both sex organs may arise from the same hypha, and other cases where the trichogyne becomes attached to the stalk cell of the ascogonium (Text fig. 16). All such irregularities or abnormalities appear to come to nothing. In most of my text figures the hypha bearing the antheridium appears to lie below that from which the ascogonium arises. This is not necessarily true for every case, as the fertile hyphae may run parallel to each other or the branch bearing the an- theridium may lie uppermost and run at any angle to the other. ascogonium have made their appearance. The antheridium arises from the hypha crossing at an angle. 16. An aborted archicarp, the trichogyne appears to have become slightly attached to the basal cell of the archicarp. 17. A pair of aborted structures such as are frequently found in cultures. 18, 5: Durchwachsung,” the stalk of the archicarp. A well-developed antheri- dium is present but the trichogyne did not function for some reason. 122 MYCOLOGIA , In such forms as A. Winteri and A. furfuraceus fully developed normal ascogonia can be found on hyphae where there is no indi- cation whatever of a structure which in any way resembles an antheridium. I am convinced that these species do not possess morphological antheridia, although fertilization may take place in some other fashion. There can be no question, however, of the necessity for both kinds of sex organs in A. magnificus. This cannot be over-emphasized, since many students of the Asco- mycetes are inclined to accept the view that sexuality exists in only a few forms like Pyronema and the powdery mildews. The primordia are visible even without a hand-lens and it is possible to determine within a few hours just when they will first make their appearance in the Petri dish culture. Flem- ming’s weaker fluid is then poured into the dish which can be set aside for examination at leisure. The circle of agar can be floated out into a large battery jar, where it can be washed to remove the fixative previous to mounting the primordia in glycer- ine jelly. It is much better to study them while they are covered with Flemming’s if one is interested in tracing the hyphal con- nections with them. An oatmeal agar or a potato agar is favor- able for the production of large numbers of papulospores or large amounts of mycelium, but the starchy media should not be used if ascocarps are desired. I have dissected a very large number of primordia and have not found a single case where a normal, vigorously growing ascogonium was not accompanied by an antheridium and this is a pretty good indication that there is one species of Ascobolus at least in which the appa has not been lost or reduced. We may now turn to the asexual method of reprodweniee of this species. Many common species of Ascobolus in Europe and America are, so far as reported, devoid of asexual spores. A. parasitica, described by Van der Wolk (14), is said, on little evidence, to possess a Sclerotium stage as well as a Rhizostil- bella stage. I have described the curious spore-like bodies that grow in pure cultures of A. carbonarius (5). The ascogonia arise directly from certain of these “spores,” but further study will be necessary to settle the question as to the exact nature of the others. DopcE: LirE History oF ASCOBOLUS MAGNIFICUS 123 PAPULOSPORA MAGNIFICA A very good illustration of the inadequacy of a classification of fungi based on asexual stages.is the genus Papulospora as understood by Hotson (3). A true papulospore might be de- fined as one in which one or two large central storage cells are surrounded by a covering of hyphae which develop from blister- like outgrowths of the storage cell. Hotson has described a number of species and points out that these forms may belong to perfect stages of species in various groups of fungi, that is, Papulospora is the bulbil asexual stage liable to be found any- where among the Ascomycetes. Papulospores of the type shown in Plate 8, figs. 5, 6, 7, and Text figs. 21, 25, appear in about ten days in all cultures of A. magnificus which I have obtained by germinating ascospores. The spores are very hard to germinate, but I have been able to make hundreds of “pure” cultures, many of them one-spore cultures. The papulospores do not germinate readily, either, so that I have made only a few cultures by growing them. I have transferred the mycelium of these one-papulospore strains to sev- eral kinds of media without being able to obtain the ascocarps of the Ascobolus. At my request Professor J. W. Hoston made an extensive study of the Papulospora and published his results describing the species as P. magnifica (4). He was unable to obtain ascocarps from the culture which I sent him, and there- fore concluded that there was not sufficient evidence to warrant assuming without further proof that it might be an asexual stage of A. magnificus. He thought it might occasionally be an intra- hyphal parasite as I had once imagined (7). Mr. E. S. Schultz also made a pure one-spore culture of this Papulospora forme. I was unable to obtain ascocarps by growing this strain in various media. Papulospora stages have been connected with the Mela- nosporas and there is a very close resemblance between the bul- bils of P. magnifica; P. candida, P. parasitica, P. coprophila and those of the Melanosporas studied by various investigators. 124 MycoLociIa 28 TeExT Fics. 19-28. 19. Intrahyphal mycelium in an old culture of Ascobolus carbonarius. 20. Intrahyphal mycelium of A. magnificus. 21. A papulospore of A. magnificus with 2 central cells. 22, 23. Chains of storage cells. (papulo- spores?) surrounded by small hyphae. Such bodies are of frequent occurrence DopcE: Lire History oF ASCOBOLUS MAGNIFIcUS 125 INTRAHYPHAL MYCELIUM In old plate cultures it is not difficult to find internal hyphae running back and forth, in and out of the larger hyphae (PI. 8, fig. 2 and Text fig. 20). Papulospores sometimes arise directly . from branches growing out of these internal hyphae. It is only recently that I have been able to prove positively that this is not a case of parasitism of Papulospora on Ascobolus. On the con- trary, it is simply a good example of what has been described under various names, such as Durchwachsungen, cordon interne, accroissement perforant, etc. In old cultures of certain fungi, one can find where bridging hyphae grow out from living cells through dead ones (PI. 8, figs. I, 3, 4), and connect up with the next living cells. It is said that a new wall may be formed about the reduced cytoplasm of an old cell, thereby constructing a new hypha of a shorter diameter which occupies only a small portion of the old cell cavity (31). It may happen that for long dis- tances the cells of the hyphae degenerate so that the bud that grows out to bridge the gap must pierce many cross walls (PI. 8, fig. 2 and Text fig. 19). We thus have what looks like the intrahyphal mycelium of a fungus parasite or a case where a fungus is parasitic on itself. The cross walls of the internal hyphae do not in any way correspond to those of the outer hypha whose septa not infrequently become almost invisible. Sometimes the internal hypha, unable to penetrate the cross wall at the first point of contact, runs along the wall to the other side where it may be able to push through, if not it returns through the same old cell and winds about several times before growing out into the medium. There is usually a swelling on the internal hypha where it passes through a septum of the big cell. De Bary describes Cicinnobolus as an intrahyphal parasite of the powdery mildews. Many persons who have investigated the subject of Durchwachsungen have remarked on the close re- in old cultures on a dung decoction agar. 24, 26. Surface views of heavy- walled brownish cells surrounded by entangling hyphae. 25. Young papulo- spore that will eventually possess three central storage cells. 27, 28. Chlamydo- spore-like storage cells, papulospores?. 126 Mycoogia, semblance to parasitism. As Zopf (20) says, “ Oft sind entleerte Faden auf weite Strecken hin von vielfach hin und her gebo- genen Keimschlauchen ganz ausgefillt. Fast mochte man ange- sichts solcher Bilder glauben, man habe einen fremden Organ- ismus vor sich der als Parasit in den Chaetomienhyphen hause.” Text fig. 19 is from an old culture of A. carbonarius where there can be no question as to the nature of this internal hypha. Vari- ous examples of this phenomenon are reported in the literature and I have arranged a number of the references in the following table: TABLE I _ REFERENCES TO SELF-PENETRATION, DURCHWACHSUNGEN, ETc. | Author Date Species GaSpatriniscs Low eee A eae 1856 Lemna minor Schleidens +4 see toe She se ree 1872 Saprolegniaceae Knyvéc MagnusSits o) ieee ccd tes 1879 Marchantiaceae Pringsheint 0% Sitar be eats eo 1873 Saprolegnia Kathy es iene eae atts leet ec ee 1873 Dasya, Hypnea LODE ones Sa Oe haces 1881 Chaetomium Beefeld: stiiiec taensecenh epee ere 1881 Ascoidea BOPZ1 ces) hca sabe eke este cpetocatton seats ahah 1885 Inzengeae Holterman * 'S sta 2 hades cane bees 1885 Ascoidea Tater 3 et) 2 I 39 3 3+4 3 ) Tp 2 4+4 ) 2 3 a a) 3 te) c 3 Toa fe) 3 io 3 E42 3 ) S I al fe) I So z I+5 Ec) rc) § 2 I i+7 Oo I 3 36 2+2 0 36 6 2 oes I 2+3 fe) I Of 52 pe 52 0) bo D 5 2+7 5 Oo Slay I 3+3 o I . 2 3+4 2 0) 2 40 4+4 fo) 40 cS 3 4T7 0 3 5 5+4 5 9 og 28 2 fe) 28 Oo 5 2+2 O 5 gag 26 4 0 26 wo SS 3 4+4 0 3 Sue 20 2+4 19 [ bes to oe 5 I ) 5 eo v0 De 3 3 ) 3 are ms 6 5 fo) 6 4 2 5 7 O 5 1 Results are positive when ascocarps appear in cultures, and negative when no ascocarps appear within a month. - - —So DopcE: LirE History oF ASCOBOLUS MAGNIFICUS 129 there were no fruit bodies although papulospores could be found in all of the cultures. The last three cultures have not produced ascocarps. The following table shows cultures of which a record was kept in testing out the strains. Many others were made simply to obtain primordia for purposes of study. it is clear that at least for these strains each is sterile by itself or strains 2, 3 and 5 are sterile (in the combinations tested) when placed together, as are strains I, 4 and 7, but a combination of any one of either group with any one of the other group pro- duces a fertile culture. I have since obtained ten new strains from germinated ascospores. These strains fall into two groups, two of which are like the original No. 2 and eight are like No. 4. The use of sterilized fresh horse manure in jelly glasses or in milk bottles is preferable when it is simply desired to ascertain whether single strains ever become fertile because this is the natural substratum and the ascocarps reach a large size whenever the culture is fertile. On the other hand, when the fertility of two strains in combination is to be tested one of the transfers may not grow and it is then impossible to draw any conclusions whatever from negative results. Whenever papulospores are found it is certain that one strain has developed a mycelium, while the other may not have grown at all. On the other hand, plate cultures obviate this difficulty since it can be seen (within 24 hours) whether either strain has begun to grow, and if one has not a reinoculation can be made. No single strain culture on dung is reported sterile in the above table where an examina- tion was not made to find papulospores, thus proving that the inoculation was successful. Twelve-inch test tubes containing the dung decoction agar are most satisfactory for keeping pure cultures for a long time. Ascocarps up to a centimeter in diam- eter have been grown in these large tubes, while I have not been very successful in growing ascocarps in small test tubes. Not all of the possible combinations of strains I, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 have been tried in these different ways, because the first thing desired was a combination that was sure to produce primordia for purposes of study. Strains 2 and 4 were chosen for the most extensive tests, and it can be said that each is sterile by itself and 130 | fv tante CVE COl@ CIA ka fertile in combination with the other after many transfers. The first sub-cultures of strains 2 and 1 on dung in jelly glasses re- mained sterile from October 10 to January 6, but produced asco- carps within five days when both strains were grown together on dung in a milk bottle. BEHAVIOR OF MYCELIA IN CULTURE If a petri dish culture is inoculated on opposite sides with the same strain (4-+ 4), the mycelia grow out at the same rate from both sides until they meet along a straight line through the cen- ter. There is a narrow region between the two mycelia which remains comparatively free from hyphae as though there was an antagonism or repulsion between the two. Now, if opposite strains such as 2 and 4 are planted in the same culture, the my- celia grow out at about the same rate, meeting near the center of the culture where there appears to be, for a brief period a slight, antagonism, at least the rate of growth is much reduced, then the hyphae from either side can be found growing freely across the line of meeting, making a zone plainly visible across the cen- ter composed of hyphae from both strains. Numbers of asco- gonia and antheridia soon make their appearance, not necessarily at all in a line across the center, such as one finds in the cultures of Rhizopus. The hyphae grow so rapidly that both strains are soon found throughout the culture and ascocarps appear in any region whatever. The largest numbers of sex organs, however, generally appear first near the line of meeting of the mycelia and one or two cm. from the periphery. In view of Blakeslee’s discoveries of plus and minus strains in the Zygomycetes and his theories regarding their sexuality, and Burger’s recent report on the “pseudo-heterothallic” con- dition in Cunninghamella (15a), it is of importance to deter- mine the question of the sexuality of the strains in this Asco- bolus. Each of the strains so far isolated is self-sterile, and no sex organs are produced in a one-strain culture. Ascogonia and antheridia ordinarily arise from different hyphal branches. How universal this rule is, 1 am not prepared to say. I have not seen any good evidence of fertilization between structures arising DopcE: LiFE History oF ASCOBOLUS MAGNIFICUS 131 side by side on the same hyphal branch. The hyphae of this species are large and they can be traced for long distances in a transparent dung-decoction agar. Anastomoses occur frequently in fertile cultures near primordia, but the question of the sexual- ity of the strains will not be a difficult one to determine. Shear (9) has studied species of the gegus Glomerella and made large numbers of one-spore cultures from ascospores and conidia. He finds that many such strains are fertile in them- selves, while others are sterile. He has grown various strains and cultures together without obtaining evidence of what might be called plus and minus strains. Edgerton (10), however, states that he has repeatedly isolated plus and minus strains of Glomerella from one-spore cultures. One’ strain when planted alone produces some perithecia as will the other when it is grown by itself, but when both plus and minus strains are grown to- gether there is a dense black line of perithecia formed where the Strains, meet, There are, however, perithecia scattered about elsewhere in the culture. Edgerton was unable to find structures corresponding to oogonia and antheridia; however, he offers a theory to account for the behavior of his strains. No sex organs are developed in the strains of Ascobolus mag- mificus mentioned above except under the contact or chemical stimuli of two strains in the same culture. Are archicarps formed on one strain and antheridia on another? Will each strain remain self sterile indefinitely? Are strains segregated at the time of ascospore formation? Are there neutral strains or pseudo-heterothallic strains? All of these questions remain interesting subjects for further investigation. SUMMARY 1. The ascocarp of Ascobolus magnificus originates from a pair of morphologically distinct primordia—a large ascogonium the end of which functions as a trichogyne, and a club-shaped antheridium. 2. Papulospora magnifica Hotson is an asexual stage of Asco- bolus magnificus Dodge. 3. The intrahyphal mycelium found in old cultures is simply a case of “ Durchwachsungen,” or “cordon interne.” 132 Mycoxnocra 4. The strains here reported, which were obtained from germi- nated papulospores or ascospores, were self-sterile in the experi- ments conducted, but always produced papulospores. 5. Sexual reproduction occurs in cultures containing two strains properly chosen. | CoLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, New York CITY. LITERATURE CITED kr Atkinson, G. F. Phylogeny and relationships in the Ascomycetes. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 2: 315-376. f. I-ro. Ap 1915. 2. Brown, W. H. The development of Pyronema confluens var. inigneum. Am. Jour. Bot. 2: 289-298. Je 1915. 3. Hotson, J. W. Culture studies of fungi producing bulbils and similar propagative bodies. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts & Sci. 48: 227-306. pl. 1-72. ©! 2012; 4. Hotson, J. W. Notes on bulbiferous fungi with a key to described species. Bot. Gaz. 64: 265-284. pl. 21-23. O 1917. 5. Dodge, B. O. Methods of culture and the morphology of the archicarp in certain species of the Ascobolaceae. Bull. Torrey Club 39: 139-197. pl. ro-15 + f. I, 2. 17 My 10912. 6. Dodge, B. O. Artificial cultures of Ascobolus and Aleuria. Mycologia 4: 216-222. D1. '72 0735 gl Tome: 7. Dodge, B. O. The Papulospora question as related to Ascobolus. Science Lavy 4.20") aeons: 8. Dodge, a O. The morphological relationship of the Florideae and the Ascomycetes. Bull. Torrey Club 41: 157-202 f. I-13. 22 Ap 1914. g. Shear, C. L., & Wood, A. K. Studies of fungous parasites belonging to the genus Glomerella. U.S. Dept. Agr. B. P. I. Bull. 252: 1-110. pl. 1-18 + f. 1-4. 25 Ja 1913. 10. Edgerton, C. W. Plus and minus strains in the genus Glomerella. Am. Jour. Bot. 1: 244-254. pl. 22, 23 +f. I. 1914. 11. Killian, K. Ueber die Entwicklung der Perithecien bei Venturia inaequalis (Cooke). Ad. Ber. Deuts. Bot. Gesells. 33: 164-168. f. zr, 2. Ap 1915. 12. Killian, K. Ueber die Sexualitat der Venturia inaequalis. Zeits. Bot. 9: 5 O4e ie LOR. 13. Killian, K. Morphologie, Biologie und Entwicklungsgeschichte von Cryptomyces Pteridis (Rebent.) Rehm. Zeits. Bot. 10: 49-126. f. I-31. 1918. 14. Van der Wolk, P. C. Rhizostilbella rubra (n. gen. n. spec.) a by-fruit form of Ascobolus parasiticus (nov. spec.) and its connection with the “ sclerotium disease’ of certain tropical cultivated plants (Sclerotium omnivorum n. spec.). Myc. Centralb. 4: 236-241. f. I-11. Je 1914. 15. Neger, F. W. Uber Urocystis Ahnliche nebenfruchtoremen von Hypo- creaseen. Myc. Centralb. 4: 273-378. 1914. 15a. Burger, O. F. Sexuality in Cunninghamella. Bot. Gaz. 68: 134-146. Au 1919. 16. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. Bibs 22. 33. 34. 35- 36. DopcEe: Lire History oF ASCOBOLUS MAGNIFICUS 133 Durchwachsungen, Cordon interne, Self-penetration Gasparrini, G. Recherche sulla natura e la escrezione della radici ed - osservazioni morphologiche sopra taluni organi della Lemna minor. 1-152. pl. 1-11. Napoli. 1856. . Schleiden, M. J. Grundziige der wissenschatflichen Botanik 1: 264. 1872. . Pringsheim, M. Weitere Nachtrage zur Morphologie und Systematik der Saprolegnieen. Jarb. Wiss. Bot. 9: 106. pi. 18. f. 9, To. 1873. . Kny, L. Ueber die Bedeutung der Florideen in morphologische und his- tologische Beziehung. Bot. Zeit. 31: 433. 1873. Zopf, W. Zur Entwicklungsgeschichte der Ascomyceten. Chaetomium. Nova Acta 42: 199-292. pl. 14-20. 1881. Borzi, A. Inzengaea, ein neuer Askomycet. Jarb. Wiss. Bot. 16: 450-463. Di tO. 20. 1885. Lindner, P. Ueber Durchwachsungen an Pilz Mycelium. Ber. Deuts. Bot. Gesells. 5:.153-161. 1887. f Rothert, W. Ueber Sclerotium hydrophilum Sace. einen sporenlosen Pilz. Bot.Zeit. 50: 321. . 1892. Holterman, C. Mycologische Untersuchungen aus den Tropen. 1895. Weleminsky, F. Ueber Sporenbildungen bei Dematium pullulans. Cen- tralb. Bakt. 2 Abt. 5: 297-303. f. I-9. 1899. Klocker, A., & Schonning, H. Uber Durchwachsungen und abnorme Konidien bildungen bei Dematium pullulans De Bary und anderen Bilzen-. Centralb. Bakt. 2 Abt. 5: 505-507. 1899. See also 1: 777. Teggs 2:.1o5.-) 1896; 4: 460., 1898. . Schonning, H., & Klocker, A. Phénomenes d’accroisement perforant ‘de Dematium pullulans et autres Champignons. C. R. des travaux du laboratoirre de Carlsberg. 5: —. 1900. Ternetz, C. Protoplasms bewegung und Fruchtkérperbildung bei Asco- phanus carneus Pers. Jarb. Wiss. Bot. 35: 273-312. pl. 7. 1900. Duggar, B. M., & Stewart, F. C. The sterile fungus Rhizoctonia as a cause of plant distases in America. N. \. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 186: TsO acl 23. Ja. Toot. Lafar. Handbuch der Technischen Mykologie 1: 170. f. 29; 2: 355. f. 28 rs 4.277. 7. 83 (a—f). 1904-1907. Beauverie, J., & Guilliermond, A. Etude sur la structure du Botrytis cinerea. Centralb. Bakt. 2 Abt. Io: 275-381. f. I-5; 311-320. f. 6-14. 1904. Molliard, M. Forme conidienne et sclérotes de Morchella esculenta. Rev. Gen, Bot. 16: 210-218. pl. 16. 1904. Appel, 0., & Bruck, F. W. Arbeiten a. d. k. Biol. Anstalt. f. Land. u. Forstwirtschaft. 5: 189. 1906. See Lafar 2: 355. f. 28. Guilliermond, A. Recherches sur le développement du Gloeosporium nervisequum (Gnomonia veneta) et sur so prétendu. transformation en levures. Rev. Gen. Bot. 20: 385. pl. 15-33 + f. I-10. 1908. Lewis, I. The life history of Griffithsia Bornetianus. Ann. Bot. 23: 653- pl. 50. f. 48, 50. 1909. Dodge, B. O. Studies in the genus Gymnosporangium—IIl. The Origin of the Teleutospore. Mycologia 10: 182-193, pl. 9-11. Jl 1918. 134 MycoLociIa EXPLANATION OF PLATES PLATE 7 Fig. 1. Primordia before fertilization, trichogyne not fully developed. Fig. 2. The same pair of primordia after the antheridium had been pulled out of the trichogyne coil. is Figs. 3 and 4. Same as Figs. 1 and 2 except less highly magnified. The coiled portion of the ascogonium (trichogyne ?) shows more distinctly in this position than in Fig. 2. Figs. 5 and 8. Common types of primordia in which the antheridium is circled by sterile hyphae from the stalk of the ascogonium. Fig. 6. Spiral type in which the trichogyne is plainly visible coiling about the end of the antheridium, Fig. 7. Archicarp broken in two in an attempt to pull the antheridium away from the trichogyne after fusion had taken_ place. Fig. 9. Short-stalked archicarp, the antheridium not visible. Fig. 10. Same type as shown in Fig. 9 except that the antheridium is plainly visible. PLATE 8 Fig. 1. Hyphae bridging a dead cell and connecting two living cells. | Fig. 2. Intrahyphal mycelium resembling the mycelium of a fungus parasite. Figs. 3 and 4. Clearly the “ Durchwachsung” type of bridging hyphae. Figs. 5 and 6. Papulospores of Ascobolus magnificus. At the right in Fig. 5 can be seen a few cells of a hypha of large diameter. Note the small hyphae from which the papulospores arise.’ This is not always the case as these spores frequently arise from hyphae of large diameter. | 6 Fig. 7. Papulospore arising from an “ internal hypha.” MyYCOLoGIA VOLUME 12, PUATE -7 ASCOBOLUS MAGNIFICUS DODGE f t ‘ } i = . : ¥ a 7 Ke a 2 a Pas Ly ae \-— ‘ a * ee ‘ MYCOLOGIA : VOLUME 12, PLATE 8 ASCOBOLUS MAGNIFICUS DODGE aS i i aos A Z te ry: un 4 : es y = “Ne 2 realy ares 7 ¢ : 4 : a = 2 ee é Ki 4 — "i ing = , bond yt i iE ; H 2 a : Pr . a + fi i aye? 4 a n Calg . ; . ; ae 2 ea ‘ 7 S ; ¥ eg ; 7 % a ‘= a 4 : = ~ “ - . / i ae ‘ j - “se uy A ? 5 ou * ‘ : 5 eas a o . ca 7 : X a x i ‘ i. : 7 t 5 7 ; 2 ee ; d= ” 7 J oo ‘i a = H 7 \ f = 4 7 : 7 Let wu . a , o- ve a ; ~ iv , ‘ . oa i 3 re = ‘ A > Is 5 _ > - : i ae : bl = - — a : i om J : . € - : =x 8, 4 E 4 o } - af ‘ - my SOME MYCOLOGICAL NOTES FOR 1g919* L. O. OVERHOLTS ‘ (WiTH PLATES 9 AND 10) The fungous flora of the mountains of central Pennsylvania is perhaps as rich and as varied as in any other region of the United States. The summer of 1919 was marked by an unusual abundance of rainfall that brought forth such a crop of fungi as had not been produced since 1915. Intensive and extensive col- lecting over several years has added scores of hitherto unre- ported species to the fungous flora of the state. A considerable number of these are of rare occurrence or for other reasons are only imperfectly known. It is hoped that the present paper with the accompanying photographs will help to give these few species a more prominent place in the mycological literature of the country. 1. CLAVARIA ORNATIPES Peck The writer has collected Clavarias in considerable abundance for several seasons past, but this is the first collection of this interesting species. The name of Peck’s species C. bicolor (later changed to C. vestitipes) for a different plant, would fit this plant nicely, for the color contrast between the drab-gray branches and the wood-brown (Ridgway’s colors) stem is quite marked. Per- soon’s name, C. trichopus, for a similar if not identical plant, refers to the abundant ascending gray-brown stiff hairs that clothe the stem. C. vestitipes Peck is a much smaller plant. C. krombholsu Fr. (ex Lloyd) is similar in stature and branching but uniformly white in color. The spores of my specimens are globose, smooth, hyaline under the microscope, and measure 8-10 in diameter. The content is quite granular. * Contribution from the Department of Botany, The Pennsylvania State College, No. 22. 135 136 MycoLocIa 2. CRATERELLUS PISTIDLARIS ae This interesting species was collected in abundance in the Seven Mountains of Center County, on August 24. About 25 specimens were found along an old forest trail in the vicinity of Bear Meadows. . Dr.- Burt reportst, but three lecalities sm iis country, viz.. New Hampshire,.Vermont, and Michigan for the species. Professor E. T. Harper has published? some excellent illustrations and given some critical notes on the species. My plants were somewhat larger than the measurements re- corded by Dr. Burt, the largest specimens being 16 cm. tall and 7 cm. thick at the apex. A few specimens were somewhat com- pressed and flabelliform in shape and one specimen was strongly 2-lobed at the apex. The color of the nearly smooth hymenium varied from light pinkish cinnamon to. vinaceous cinnamon of Ridgway. The specimens grew in a mixed hard-wood forest, chestnut and oak predominating. 3. FoMES BAKERI (Murrill) Sacc. Plate 0; figs i.e On species of birch in the middle-western United States there has been known for some time a Fomes that by most collectors was referred to F. igniarius Fr. In 1908, Murrill® described this as a new species under the above name and later reported* its range as “ Wisconsin, Missouri, and westward.” In 1915, Lloyd referred® this plant as a variety of F. robustus Karst., known in this country only from California. The writer added® an Ohio locality in 1915 and pointed out that while the type collection was made by C. F. Baker, yet the plant distributed under that name by him in Plants of Southern California, 5188, was a different species, probably Polyporus gilvus. On the basis of these references the species was not believed to occur east of the Appalachian Mountains, and it was with con- 1 Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 1: 342... TOT: - 2 Mycologia 5: 263. 1913. 3N. Am. Flora g: 104. 1908. 4 Northern Polypores, p. 48. 1914. 5 Synopsis of the genus Fomes, p. 243. 1915. 6 Polyporaceae of the Middle-Western United States, p. 61. 1915. OvERHOLTS: MycotocicaL NoTES FOR I9QI9 137 siderable surprise that on November 22, 1919, a dead standing sweet birch (Betula lenta) was observed bearing a number of excellent sporophores of what proved to be this species. These are the largest sporophores yet seen, and some of them are more applanate than is usually the case. The largest specimen meas- ures 13 X 20X5cm. ‘The tree that bore these sporophores was about two feet in diameter and was later felled for observations as to the characteristics of the decay produced. It was found that the fungus is a sap-wood destroying organism, although per- haps encroaching to some extent on the heart wood. But in the center of the tree there was a cylinder of the dark red, sound heartwood characteristic of this species of tree. Pieces of the log containing both sapwood and heartwood were brought into the laboratory and at the present writing the fungous mycelium has grown out over the surface of the sapwood in a brownish- olive mat, but has not appeared on the adjacent heartwood. The decayed wood has no striking characteristics but the decay ap- pears to be of the general delignifying type, whitening the wood and rendering it brittle but not friable. This habit of being largely confined to the sapwood serves to emphasize the distinc- tion between this species and F. igniarius—a_ heart-rotting organism. A search was then made in the herbarium material represent- ing allied species of this fungus with the result that two addi- tional collections were discovered, both from Pennsylvania. One was taken by Dr. A. S. Rhoads, on Betula lutea in Philadelphia, Pa., December 27, 1915, the other by the writer, on Betula lenta, February 24, 1918, in the mountains near State College. It is a curious fact that of the three Pennsylvania collections two were from trees growing on the exposed summits of mountain ridges, while in the state of Missouri the writer knew it as frequenting the birches in the lowlands along streams. Plants of this species are not as firm and hard as is F. igniarius, and they lack the white incrustation found in the older layers of tubes of that species. In addition the tubes are distinctly strati- fied (see fig. 2) and the context has a decidedly silky luster similar to that in Fomes everhartu. ‘These points serve to dis- tinguish the species from its allies. 138 : MycoLocia 4. MERULIUS AUREUS Fr. Plate D0, jig. 4 This is one of the more uncommon species of Merulius. An excellent collection was made October 5 on the decorticated trunk of a pitch pine (Pinus rigida) near State College. In these specimens the plant is largely resupinate but with a definite reflexed border in many cases. The largest specimen had a spread of 15,cm. in length and about 5 cm. im widia) Phe color of the young plant, or the growing margins of older resu- pinate specimens is buff yellow or light orange yellow. The color of the reflexed pileus is close to yellow ochre and varies from finely pubescent to glabrous. The color of the hymenium is not closely matched in Ridgway’s Manual, being darker than ziné orange and too bright for cinnamon rufous. Xanthine orange is probably closer. The color is quite similar to that of Pastlus corrugatus and the configuration of the hymenium sug- gests a relationship with that plant. The absence of any odor, however, immediately corrects any impression that it might be. that species. This collection shows quite well that when first formed the fruiting bodies are nearly orbicular and 0.5-1.5 cm. broad. They soon become laterally confluent to the measure- ments given above, but even in such specimens it is often possible to trace the limits of the original sporophores, as the folds are often sub-lamellate and radially arranged from the center. The spores are oblong or short-cylindric and sometimes pointed at one end, smooth, hyaline under the microscope, and measure 3-4 X Teo us cystidia none. Dr. Burt states that in mass the’ spores of the species are somewhat yellowish, but light spore falls obtained from these specimens are colorless. 5. MucrRONELLA ULMI Peck Plate 10, fig. 5 This peculiar plant has been found in considerable abundance for the first time since its appearance here in 1915. Its small size makes it very inconspicuous and easily overlooked. It grows on the bark on the north side of a living Ulmus americana OvERHOLTS: MycoLocicaL NoTES FOR 1919 139 tree on the campus of the Pennsylvania State College. A laven- der or purplish tint has been noted on the teeth this season. The genus Mucronella is characterized by short awl-shaped teeth that arise directly from the substratum without the inter- . vention of a subiculum. It thus approaches some of the small Clavarias in habit, and some would include the genus in the Clavariaceae. In some species, as the present one, the teeth are not separate but are united several in a fascicle, approaching the form of a diminutive Hydnum erinaceum or related species. Mr. Lloyd has recently summarized’ our knowledge of the taxonomy of the genus. He lists five species, four of which have been reported from the United States. Two of these are now known to occur in Pennsylvania. The plants are extremely rare, however, and no other account of the species of the United States has been published. I take this opportunity, therefore, to present a photograph and a few remarks concerning the species. _ The genus as originally founded was said to have one-spored basidia. I have examined my material carefully but no spores or sterigmata were seen, though young basidia were abundant. The following descriptive notes are appended: Plants white, drying gray, composed of few or several awl- like teeth, 2-4 mm, long, united by their bases into small clusters 2-4 mm. broad and 2-5 mm. long; spores not obtained; cystidia none. | On bark of living elm trees. October. 6. PAXILLUS CORRUGATUS Atk. A collection of thi§ rare plant was made at Shingletown Gap, Center County, Pa., August 16, 1919, on the bark and wood of a fallen Pinus rigida. ‘The species is easily recognized by the very strong odor and the corrugated gills that are near ochraceous buff © (Ridgway) in color. The odor is very characteristic and unlike ~ that of any other fungus. It has persisted until the present time in a Kentucky collection preserved in the writer’s herbarium since 1909, when it was collected by Dr. Bruce Fink. Parts of the present. collection were very largely resupinate. 7 Mycological Notes No. 39, pp. 531-533. 1915. 140 MycoLocta The species was originally described from New York by Pro- fessor Atkinson. Kauffman also reports a station for it in Michigan. 7. POLYPORUS SCHWEINITZII Fr. This polypore, rather common in Pennsylvania on conifers, especially species of pine, was collected near Boalsburg, Pa., on the roots of a living tree of Quercus alba. This is probably an unreported host for this species. The woods in which the speci- men was taken is an open mature stand, consisting entirely of oaks and hickories, and there is no indication that conifers have ever been present in the wood lot. ; 8. PortIA SEMITINCTA Peck This beautiful Poria, originally described by Peck® in 1879 and recently re-described by the writer, has hitherto been found, to the writer’s knowledge, only in four localities in New York State. Its appearance in Pennsylvania is, therefore, of considerable interest. It wascollected from the bark of an oak log, near State College, October 5, 1919. The specimens were fresh and on the young subiculum and the growing margin of nature plants the pinkish-lilac color was quite marked. This color has persisted in the dried plants up to the present time. There is also a slight “sweet-acid”’ odor to the fresh specimens, similar to that in Polyporus galactinus Berk. A few scattered cystidia are present in certain areas but often whole sections are without them. In agreement with this, they were reported by the writer as absent in the type specimens of: this species but rarely present in another collection preserved at Albany. In the present collection they . are 6-Qp in diameter, project. rather strongly, and are slightly incrusted. At first sight it was supposed that this collection might represent the resupinate condition of Polyporus parga- menus which on the growing margin is often a similar lavender or lilac color. The plants are too thin for that species, however, the spores are not allantoid but oblong or short-cylindric, the ‘cystidia when present are different, and the hyphae of this plant are quite characteristic. No clamps are present, cross walls are 8 Bull. N. Y. State Mus. 205-206, pp. 106-108. 1919. ay 1a OvERHOLTS: MycotocicaL NoTES FoR 1919 141 abundant and conspicuous, and most of the numerous branches originate near a cross wall. 9g. TREMELLA SPARASSOIDEA Lloyd Plate 10, fig. 3 On August 25, the writer collected a large Tremella on the ground in a deciduous woods near State College. It was assigned tentatively to Tremella vesicaria and sent to Mr. C. G. Lloyd under that name. The fungus differs from that species, how- ever, principally in having acute erect and somewhat fimbriate lobes instead of the large blunt finger-like ones characteristic of T. vesicaria. Mr. Lloyd proposes to describe this as a new spe- cies as named above. The entire plant formed a mass about I5 cm. in diameter and 10 cm. high and was nearly white in color. In consistency it was more cartilaginous than gelatinous, prob- ably in part accounted for by the dry weather of the few days previous. The basidia are of the usual longitudinally divided type, averaging about 9 X 12-14 and with sterigmata up to 20 long. All stages in the development of the basidia are easily found in crushed preparations. The spores are somewhat ir- regular in shape, from elongate-ellipsoid to broadly inaequilater- ally ellipsoid though usually narrower and sometimes slightly apiculate at one end. They measure 8-10 X 4.5-6y. A speci- men is preserved in the Lloyd museum and in the Overholts Herbarium. In 1910, Gilbert noted and figured a plant from Wisconsin? that I have no doubt from his photograph should be referred here. He included it as a variety of Tremella reticulata, a name applied by him to the plant here called T. vesicaria. My photo- graph of T. sparassoidea shows a striking resemblance to the one published by Gilbert. 10. TREMELLA VESICARIA Fr. This species was collected in abundance in a grassy woodland pasture in 1915, but had not since been observed until a speci- ®Studies on the Tremellineae of Wisconsin. Trans. Wisc. Acad. Sci., Arts, and Let. 16: 1137-1170. 1910. 142 MYcoLocta ’ men was brought in on July 22 of this year. It is undoubtedly to be considered as a rare species although apt to be abundant in local isolated regions. I1. -[REMELLODON GELATINOSUM (Scop.) Fr. About 25 specimens of this unique member of the Tremella- ceae were collected by the writer on an old hemlock log in Bear Meadows, Center County, Pa., August 30, 1919. The species is apparently rather widely distributed but only rarely collected. The color of the upper surface when fresh varied from nearly white to drab or buffy brown (Ridgway). The largest speci- mens measured 6 X 7 cm. Another collection from New Hamp- shire is in the writer’s herbarium. Very good illustrations are given in Hard’s mushroom book, fig. 405. | 12. TRICHOGLOSSUM HIRSUTUM (Pers.) Boudier Collected in Bear Meadows, Center County, Pa., August 30, 1919. Several hundred individuals were found growing closely associated on a small area of earth, leaf mold, and rotten wood. The largest specimens were about 10 cm. tall and in some the ascigerous portion was somewhat convoluted. The stem and hymenium is beset with a multitude of spines that give a velvety appearance and feeling to the plant. The spores were uniformly 15-septate as described by Durand and measured 130-140 X 5-6 pu. STATE COLLEGE, PA. EXPLANATION OF PLATES PLATE 9 Fig. 1. View of upper surface of a rather young sporophore of Fomes bakeri. X Y%. In age the pileus may become considerably rimose. Over- holts Herb. No. 5529. Photo by E. T. Kirk. Fig. 2. Lateral view of a vertical section through a perennial sporophore. x 1. Note the conspicuous context and the marked layering of the tubes. Overholts Herb. No. 4174. Photo by E. T. Kirk, PLATE 10 Fig. 3. Tremella sparassoidea. View, from above, of the entire plant. x 3%. Type collection, Overholts Herb. No. 5407.. Photo by the writer. Fig. 4. Merulius aureus. Specimens largely resupinate. X 1. Overholts Herb, No: 5455. Photo iby eid. airk, Fig. 5. Mucronella ulmi. Specimens from bark of living Ulmus americana. x 1%. Overholts Herb. No. 3169. Photo by the writer. MYCOLOGIA VOLUME 12, PLATE 9 FOMES BAKERI (MuRRILL) SACC. MyYcOLoGIA VOLUME 12, PLATE 10 3. TREMELLA SPARASSOIDEA LLOYD 4. MERULIUS AUREUS FRIES 5. MUCRONELLA ULMI PECK % i Fai, J RUSTS FROM GLACIER NATIONAL PARK, | MONTANA PauLt C. STANDLEY1 During the summer of 1919, the writer spent ten weeks in Gla- cier National Park, under the direction of the National Park Service, for the purpose of securing data concerning the flora of the region. Attention was devoted almost wholly to the flower- ing plants and vascular cryptogams, but a few of the lower cryptogams were secured incidentally, and a small amount of time was spent in searching specially for rusts. Sixty-one spe- cies of these interesting plants were secured, and since they come from an area in which very little botanical collecting has been done, it may be worth while to publish a list of them. The list is particularly deficient in grass rusts, for grasses were not col- lected, and consequently the rusts that may have existed upon them were likewise neglected. The writer is under obligations to Dr. J.C. Arthur, who has kindly determined the collections. The specimens are in the U. S. National Herbarium, and duplicates of most of them are in Doctor Arthur’s herbarium. The flowering plants of Glacier Park are of great interest. The flora of the east slope of the Park is similar to that of the central Rocky Mountains, but the flora of the west slope shows a marked relationship with that of the Pacific Coast. Many spe- cies of plants, especially of trees, find the eastern limit of their range there, and many plants which are common in Alberta and British Columbia extend into the United States in northwestern Montana, but are rare or absent elsewhere south of the inter- national boundary. The material collected during the season of 1919 has served as the basis of a popular account of the plants of the Park, to be issued by the National Park Service, and of a technical flora of the region, to be published by the National Museum. 1 Published by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. 143 144 MycoLocIa AECIDIUM ALLENII Clinton I. On Lepargyrea canadensis (L.) Greene (15505). ALLoDUS PALMERI (D. & H.) Arth. I, i111. On Penstemon. ellipticus Coult. & Fish. (16759). CALYPTOSPORA COLUMNARIS (A. & S.) Ktthn On Pseudotsuga mucronata (Raf.) Sudw. (16902). Dr. Arthur states that this rust has not been reported previously upon Pseudotsuga. It occurs usually upon species of Abies. COLEOSPORIUM RIBICOLA (C. & E.) Arth. II, II. On Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir. (15903). COLEOSPORIUM SOLIDAGINIS (Schw.) Thtim. II. On Solidago concinna A. Nels. (16915). ii, III. On Aster meritus A. Nels. (18686). III. On Aster Fremontu (Torr. & Gray) Gray (18425), and Aster conspicuus Lindl. (16935). CRONARTIUM COMANDRAE Peck On Comandra pallida A. DC: (15944). GYMNOSPORANGIUM BETHELI Kern I. On leaves of Crataegus Douglasii Lindl. (17844). GYMNOSPORANGIUM GERMINALE (Schw.) Kern On fruit of Crataegus Douglasti Lindl. (17416) and Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt. (17007). GYMNOSPORANGIUM JUVENESCENS Kern I. On leaves of Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt. (15597). GYMNOSPORANGIUM NeEtsoni Arth. I. On leaves of Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt. (17743, 17425, 15159) and Sorbus sitchensis Roem. (16533, 18449, 18643, 17034). Almost every plant of the mountain ash had rusted leaves. The yellow spots on the leaflets are con- spicuous in early summer, but no ‘aecia were found in 1919 until July 28. HyYALOPSORA CHEILANTHES (Peck) Arth. On Cryptogramma Stelleri (Gmel.) Prantl (17144). MELAMPSORA ALBERTENSIS Arth. ui, III. On Populus tremuloides Michx. (18732). Seen only about Belton, although aspens are abundant on the east slope of the Park. MELAMPSORA ARCTICA Rostr. II, i113. On Salix Scouleriana Barr. (18485). STANDLEY: Rusts FROM GLACIER NATIONAL PARK 145 MELAMPSORA CONFLUENS (Pers.) Jackson II, III. On Salix Bebbiana perrostrata (Rydb.) Ball (15699), S. swbcaerulea Piper (15111, 18805, 18460, 17366), S. monticola Bebb? (17686), and S. Scou- leriana Barr. (15971, 18736, 15969, 15606, 16680). MELAMPSORA OCCIDENTALIS Jackson II, III. On Populus hastata Dode (18765). MELAMPSORELLA ELATINA (A. & S.) Arth. II. On Cerastium: strictum L. (15752) and C. .beeringianum Cham. & Schlecht. (17479). MELAMPSOROPSIS PyROLAE (DC.) Arth. II. On Pyrola chlorantha Sw. (17924), P. secunda EN@r6038) asampolia Michx. (15206), and Moneses uniflora (L.) Gray (15241). PHRAGMIDIUM ANDERSONI Shear | On Potentilla fruticosa L. (17360). PHRAGMIDIUM IMITANS Arth. II, II. On Rubus strigosus Michx. (16085). me PHRAGMIDIUM IvESIAE Sydow II, III]. On Potentilla Nuttall Lehm. (15020, 17739). I. On Potentilla monspeliensis L. (15544a). PHRAGMIDIUM OCCIDENTALIS Arth. JI, U1. On Rubus parviflorus Nutt. (15196, 17928). PHRAGMIDIUM POTENTILLAE (Pers.) P. Karst. On Potentilla pennsylvanica L. (17324, 17336). PHRAGMIDIUM ROSAE-ACICULARIS Liro. I. On Rosa Bourgeauiana Crép. (15711). I, ii. On Rosa nutkana. Presl (14967). III. On Rosa gymnocarpa Nutt. (18862, 17923) and R. nutkana Presl (18750). PUCCINIA ABERRANS Peck On Smelowskia americana Rydb. (16474, 15801). PUCCINIA ABUNDANS (Peck) Jackson I. On Symphoricarpos albus (L.) Blake (15674). PucciniA ANTIRRHINI D. & H. Occurring abundantly at Lake McDonald on cultivated snapdragons. PUCCINIA ARNICALIS Peck Ill. On Arnica latifolia Bong. (15899). 146 Mvycorocra : 7 \ PUCCINIA ASPERA D, & H. On Saxifraga Mertensiana Bong. (16814). Puccinia ASTERUM (Schw.) Kern I. On Aster frondeus (Gray) Greene (15329, 14968) and Erigeron macran- thus Nutt. (17978). PuccINIA BALSAMORRHIZAE Peck On Balsamorrhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt. (15983). PUCCINIA CIRCACEAE Pers. On Circaea alpina L. (17078, 17937). PucciniA Ctrsir Lasch. On Cirsium Hookerianum Nutt. (15705). PUCCINIA CLEMATIDIS (DC.) Lagerh. I. On Thalictrum megacarpum Torr. (15258, 14944, 15197) and Halerpestes Cymbalaria (Pursh) Greene (17622). II, III. On Elymus glaucus Buckl. (17962). Puccinia Fercussonti B. & Br. On Viola palustris L. (16493). (i PUCCINIA FRASERI Arth.. On Hieracium albiflorum Hook. (16365). PuccinIA HEUCHERAE (Schw.) Dict. On Mitella nuda L. (16492). Puccinia HiEracit (Schum.) Mart. | On Hieracium albiflorum Hook. (15188) and H. columbianum Rydb. (16663, 18758). Puccin1A HoLBoELLit (Hornem.) Rostr. On Arabis Lyallii S. Wats. (16231, 15419, 15838, 18036). PUCCINIA MESOMEJALIS B. & C. On Clintonia uniflora (Schult.) Kunth (15187). . e s ; PUCCINIA PIMPINELLAE (Schum.) Mart. I, ii, III. On Glycosma occidentalis Nutt. (14923, 15927). II, III. | On Os- morrhiza divaricata Nutt. (18480). , PucciniA RHAMNI (Pers.) Wettst. I. On Rhamnus alnifolia L’HEér. (14951, 15260). II, II]. On Calamagros- tis canadensis (Michx.) Beauv. (16868). PuccINIA SAXIFRAGAE Schl. On Saxrifraga rivularis L. (18044a). STANDLEY: RuSTS FROM GLACIER NATIONAL PARK 147 PuccINIA TARAXACI Plowr. II, III. On Taraxacum officinale Weber (15922, 18757). PucCCINIA TROXIMONTIS Peck III. On Agoseris villosa Rydb. (16080) and A. turbinata Rydb. (16662). Puccinia UrTICAE (Schum.) Lagerh. I. On Urtica cardiophylla Rydb. (15237). PuccINIA VERATRI Duby. On Epilobium anagallidifolium Lam. (15199, 16104) and E. alpinum L. (180244). PUCCINIA VIOLAE (Schum.) DC. III. On Viola canadensis L. (15931, 17917). PUCCINIASTRUM ARCTICUM AMERICANUM Farl. II. On Rubus strigosus Michx. (18247). PUCCINIASTRUM MyrtTILuI (Schum.) Arth. II. On Vaccinium membranceum Dougl. (18745, 18266, 16359), V. caespi- tosum Michx. (18818), and V. Myrtillus L. (16361). PUCCINIASTRUM PUSTULATUM (Pers.) Diet. On Epilobium platyphyllum Rydb. (17974), E. angustifolium L. (18775, 18478), and FE. adenocaulon Hausskn. (16998). PUCCINIASTRUM PyROLAE (Pefs.) Diet. II. On Pyrola secunda L. (18694). Collected also at Iceberg Lake, on Pyrola minor L., by Miss Gertrude Norton. : UREDINOPSIS ATKINSONII Magn. Il. On Athyrium Filix-foemina (L.) Roth (17918). UrRoMYCES GLYCYRRHIZAE (Rabenh.) Magn. On Glycyrrhiza lepidota Nutt. (18833). Uromyces HeEpysAri-opscuri (DC.) C. & P. I, On Hedysarum sulphurescens Rydb. (16658). UROMYCES HETERODERMUS Sydow On Erythronium grandifiorum Pursh (16182, 18086). UROMYCES INTRICATUS Cooke I, Il. On Eriogonum Piperi Greene (15595, 15980). Uromyces Juncrt (Desm.) Tul. I. On Arnica mollis Hook. (16937). 148 MycoLoGIa UroMyYces porosus (Peck) Jackson I. On Vicia americana Muhl. (15123). UromMyces SILENES (Schl.) Fckl. III. On Silene multicaulis Nutt. (16586). : Uromyces TriFoLtir (Hedw. f.) Lev. II. On Trifolium repens L. (18863) and T. hybridum L. (18864). UROPYXIS SANGUINEA (Peck) Arth. II. On Berberis repens Lindl. (15189, 18872). U. S. NationaL Museum, WASHINGTON, D. C. fi —s fF NEW OR NOTEWORTHY NORTH AMERICAN USTILAGINALES H. S. Jacxson1 TILLETIACEAE TILLETIA SECALIS (Corda) Kuhn, Bot. Zeit. 34: 471. 1876 Uredo Secalis Corda, Oekon. Neuigk. und Verh. 1: 10. 1848. While long known as of rare occurrence in central Europe, the bunt of rye has apparently not been reported in. North America. Recently, in connection with a study of the smuts of New York state, the writer had occasion to examine a specimen from the Underwood herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden, which bears the following data: ‘“ Ustilago on Rye, Syracuse, N. Y., June, 1892, L. M. Underwood.” This examination revealed the fact that the sori were confined to the grains and the spores were beautifully reticulated, suggesting those of 7. Triticit. A comparison with European material (Vestergren, Micro. rario selecti 7474) and with published descriptions suggested that the collection made by Underwood might properly be referred to Tilletia Secalis. While resembling T. Tritici, and by some writers included with it” this species differs im certain characters. The sori are very much the shape of the normal rye grain but somewhat shorter and broader. The reticulations are 1.5-2.5m high and 3-4 wide, while in T. Tritici they are described as 1 high by 2-4p wide. The spores of T. Secalis averages slightly larger than in T. Tritici. The New York collection consists of a single somewhat abnor- mal head. Some of the lower spikelets have developed long in- ternodes so that the head appears much broader at the base than in the normal form. On account of this abnormal appearance and in order to make sure that no mistake in the identification 1 Contribution from the Botanical Department of the Purdue University Agricultural Experiment Station. 2 Cf. Schellenberg, Beitrage Krypt. Schweiz 37: 90-94. tort. 149 150 MycoLocia of the host had been made the specimen was submitted to Prof. A. S. Hitchcock and Mrs. Agnes Chase, who reported that the specimen was without doubt cultivated rye. Dr. C. H. Leighty, of the Office of Cereal Investigations, also examined the speci- men and reported that there was no evidence that it could repre- sent a rye-wheat hybrid. On account of the importance of rye as a cereal ¢rop in this country the existence of this old collection is considered worthy of note. While the validity of T. Secalis is questioned by some. authorities, it seems best for the sake of emphasis to record the collection under the above name. TitteT1a Hotci (West.) Rostrup, Bot. Tids. 22: 256. | 1899 Polycystis Holes Westend, Bull. Acad. Bele. IL. ta651; neom Tilletia Rauenhoffu Fisch. de Waldh. Apercu Syst. Ust. 50. 1877. This very distinct species, long known in Europe, has not been reported for North America. It occurs on species of Notholcus and collections have been made by the writer in Oregon an Notholcus lanatus as follows: Elk City, August 20, 1914, 1375; Yaquina, July 17-20, 1915, Bol. The sori are obovoid, 1.5-2 mm. in length and occur in the ovaries nearly concealed by the glumes. The spores are chiefly globoid, 24-26 in diameter, occasionally ellipsoid, 24-26 by 26-30 », the wall cinnamon-brown, beautifully reticulated (meas- urements include the colorless reticulations which are 2.5-3 high). This smut was very abundant at Yaquina in 1915 and was collected in considerable quantity. All the ovaries in in- fected heads appear to be smutted. Entytoma CotiinstaE Harkness, Bull. Cal. Acad. Sci. I: 40. 1884 According to Clinton’ this species is reported only on Collinsia bartsiaefolia from the type locality, Mt. Tamalpais, California. The following collections made by the writer in western Oregon, _ besides extending the range add two new hosts. 8N. Am. Flora 7: 63. 1906. Jackson: NorTH AMERICAN USTILAGINALES 151 On Collinsia grandiflora Dougl. Mary’s Peak, Benton Co., May 21, TOUS,’ 7473. On Collinsia tenella (Pursh) Piper. Corvallis, Benton Co., po eprlo, TOTA, 1090, April 11, 1915, 3411. 8 Urocystis Trillii sp. nov. Sori hypophyllous on yellowish spots, subcostal, or caulicolous, round or oval, 0.5-1.5 mm. across, scattered or more commonly gregarious in more or less circular groups 5-10 mm. across, cau- licolous sori often elongated, reaching 1 cm. in length, opening tardily and exposing the purple-black spore mass; ruptured ep1- dermis cinereous and conspicuous; spore balls chestnut-brown, globoid, 24-50, or ellipsoid, 30-40 by 50-70pn, occasionally smaller; sterile cells subgloboid or polygonal, 5-9, wall golden- brown, 1-1.5m thick, collapsing with age; spores subgloboid, ovoid or polyhedral, few to many in a ball, 3-20, rarely only’one or two, mostly 10-15 p, wall 2-3» thick, chestnut-brown. — On Trillium chloropetalum (Torr.) Howell. N. W. Corvallis, -benton Co., Oregon, April 13, 1912,-F. D. Bailey, 1066, May 19, 19i2) i. DY Bailey, 1094, April 7, 1914, 617, April 11, 1915, 3420, Mayat i915, 3406, May 6, 1919, 3437 (type); Mary’s River, Seeman Co, lune; 19OLI, 1007. , Unless otherwise noted the colleqtions were made by the writer. This smut is very characteristic and conspicuous. The sori on the leaves are usually grouped together, the individual sori roundish or oval, usually 0.5-1.5 mm. across. On the veins and stems the sori are often confluent and quite large, reaching 1 cm. or more in length. With one exception the collections were made in one spot in low, rich land along a stream. The smut appeared in abundance each year. UrocysTIs ORNITHOGALI Koern.; Fisch. de Waldh. Apercu Syst. Wisin) 13877 This species, occurring in Europe on Ornithogalum, has been more commonly referred to U. Colchici (Schlect.) Rab., but is considered distinct by Schellenberg* in his recent treatment of the smuts of Switzerland. The writer is inclined to agree with this 4 Beitrage Krypt. Schweiz 37: 139. 1911. 152 ; MycoLoctIa view and to assign to U. Ornithogali collections on Quamasia made in Indiana and Oregon as follows: a a: Quamasia hyacinthina (Raf.) Britton. Lafayette, Tippecanoe Co., Indiana, May 30, 1907, F. Vasku; May 22, 1916, H. S. Jack- son; May, 1917, G. N. Hoffer. Quamasia quamash (Pursh) Coville. N. W. of Corvallis, Benton Co., Oregon, April 7, 1914, H. S. Jackson, 1969; May 1, 1915; HS. Jackson, 53700: According ‘to this treatment, the smut>on Liliaceous hosts be- longing to the tribe Scilleae, including besides the American Quamasia, species of Muscaria, Ornithogalum and Scilla in Eu- rope, would be assigned to U. Ornithogali, while U. Colchict would include the European form on Colchicum autumnale. The writer is not able to express an opinion as to whether the form on Convallariaceae in Europe and America is properly assigned to either of the above species, as sufficient material has not been avaHable for study. Clinton’ has assigned specimens on Salamonia and Vagnera, collected in Iowa and Montana, somewhat doubtfully to U. Colchict. U. Ornithogali differs from U. Colchici chiefly in the widely different character of the sorus, the size of the spores, and the character and wall color of the surrounding layer of sterile cells. In the formef the sori are elliptical, commonly half as broad as long, the spore balls consist usually of one, rarely two spores, which are 18-22 in diameter, and thé sterile cells form a firmly united unbroken spore covering, the walls of which are cinnamon- brown. In the latter the sori are linear, often ten or more times as long as broad; the spore balls consist of one to two, rarely three spores, which are 14-20, in diameter ; the sterile cells with light cinnamon-brown walls form a loose often interrupted layer over the spores. TUBERCINA TRIENTALIS Berk. & Br. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. II. 5: 464. 1850 | In North America this species has apparently been reported only from Alaska on Trientalis arctica. Three collections have 5 Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. Proc: 31: 452. . 1904;,N:; Am. Flora 7a57-eeegou _ JacKson: NorTH AMERICAN USTILAGINALES 153 been made in Benton County, western Oregon, and are repre- sented in the herbarium of the Oregon Agricultural College and that of the writer. All were made on Tyrientalis latifolia as fol- lows: Philomath, April 20, 1912, H. S. Jackson and F. D. Bailey, 002 Corvallis, May 19, 1912, F. D. Bailey, rogs, April 8, 1914, H. S. Jackson and F. D. Bailey, 1695. All three collections are ample and show both the conidial and chlamadospore stages. In our specimens the chlamadospore sori are confined to the stems and petioles. The conidial stage usually covers the entire upper surface of the leaf, though occasionally occurring in isolated pustular patches. USTILAGINACEAE Cintractia minor (Clinton) comb, nov. Cintractia axicola minor Clinton, Jour. Myc. 8: 143. 1902. The writer is of the opinion that this Cintractia is deserving of specific rank. It not only shows constant morphological dif- ferences from Cintractia axicola (Berk.) Cornu but occurs on a different host genus. Seven collections have been examined and the characters found to be constant. All are on Cyperus Grayii Torr. The first collections of which we have any knowledge were made at Atlantic City, New Jersey, Sept., 1884, by E. W. Dy Holway, and Sept. 8, 1884, by J. C. Arthur. A collection was made by J. J. Davis at Sandy Hook, N. J., Aug., 1887, and byl) Ee Zabriskie, Aug, 15; 1887. .J. B: Halsted also found it at Sandy: Hook, N. J., Aug. 15, 1889, and his collection was dis- tributed in Ellis & Everhart’s North American Fungi as no. 2423 (type of C. axicola minor Clinton). J.C. Arthur made a collec- tion at Rockaway Beach, Long Island, Aug. 14, 1887. The writer also collected this species Oct. 4, 1907, at Selbyville, Delaware. In this connection it is worthy of note that a typographical © error has been made in the citation of Sandy Hook, New York, as the type locality. The printed label on the specimens dis- tributed in Ellis & Everhart’s North American Fungi 2423 does give Sandy Hook, ‘‘ New York,” as the place of collection. This is, however, obviously an error for New Jersey as is shown by 154 | Myco.Locta the data on the original specimen in the Ellis collection at the New York Botanical Garden, which was evidently communi- cated to Mr. Ellis by Dr. Halsted. The distribution by states as now known to the writer is New York, New Jersey and Delaware. This species under discussion is easily separated from Cin- tractia axicola by the smaller spores, which measure 10-13 p, while in C. avicola the spores are 12-18. The effect upon the host is similar. SoROSPORIUM SAPONARIAE Rud. Linnea 4: 116. 1829 . This is the type species of the genus and has been reported from North America, so far as can be learned, only from Utah, on Stellaria Curtisu Rydb. and Silene Menziesu Hooker, by Gar- rett,® and from New York on Cerastiuim arvense by Peck.’ The writer has recently examined specimens as follows, adding three new hosts for North America and extending the distribution to include Nevada and Colorado: | On Cerastium oreophilum Greene, Golden, Colorado, May, 1914, E.: Bethel. On Silene Watson Robinson, near Mt. Rose, Nevada, July 21, rors, N: Fe Petérseny. 362: P | On Stellaria Jamesiana Torr., Golden, ‘Colorado, June 12, 1905, E. Bethel. Thecaphora Iresine (Elliott) comb. nov. Tolyposporium Iresine J. A. Elliott, Mycologia 11: 88. 1919. , In the, fall of 1918 Mr. C.’C. Deam, of Bluffton, Madianapecent to the writer, among other parasitic fungi, an interesting smut on Iresine paniculata (L.) Kuntze, which he had collected Sept. 21, 1918, in a dried up wooded slough about one half mile south of Half Moon Pond, which is about ten miles southwest of Mount Vernon in Posey County, Indiana. (Deam, no. 26651.) This was at once recognized as a species of, Thecaphora and an examination of the literature revealed that only one species of this genus was known in North America on Amaranthaceae, 6 Garrett, A. O:, Mycologia 2: 226. i910; 6: 240; 1914: 7 Peck, C. H., Bull..N.-Y. State Museum: 13027." 1906) JACKSON: NorTH AMERICAN USTILAGINALES 155 namely, Thecaphora Thornberi Griffiths.s The specimen on Ire- sine, while agreeing in general with the description of that spe- cies, seemed to differ in important characters. A definite decision with reference to the relation of the two forms was therefore reserved till the type of T. Thornberi could be examined. Through the kindness of Dr. Griffiths two collection of his species, one of which was the type, were furnished for study. The Jresine smut is evidently very closely related to 7. Thorn- bert but differs in several important’respects. The sori, while involving the ovaries, are not usually confined to them, as de- scribed for 7. Thornbert, but are indefinite, involving the ovaries and the perianth of single flowers or groups of flowers and also occasionally the rachis. The spore balls are much smaller in the species under discussion, measuring 40-75 in globoid balls, reaching 90 in occasional ellipsoid balls, while in T. Thornbert the globoid balls are 80-115 » in diameter, reaching 145 » in the ellipsoid ones. The spores are somewhat larger and the mark- ings more prominent than in T. Tornberi. Eine followng description was drawn up as a result of this study: Sori localized in the inflorescence, involving the ovaries and perianth of one or a group of flowers, often involving the rachis, forming irregular galls 0.3-3.5 cm. long, enclosed by a firm grayish-green membrane, which ruptures irregularly, exposing the reddish-brown spore mass; spore balls solid, subsphaeroid, 40-75 w, or ellipsoid, 50-70 by 60-90 p, light chestnut-brown, com- posed of many, 15-70, spores; spores variable in shape, irregu- larly polyhedral, prismatic or oblong, 12-20 by 25-32; inner wall thin, 1-1.5. 4, colorless or pale cinnamon-brown, smooth ; ex- posed wall 2-4 » thick, darker in color with prominent verrucose- rugose markings. After this study was finished, but before the present paper was completed, the species was described as Tolyposporium Iresine from the. same collection. (Deam, 26651) by Dr. J.. A. Elliott (1. c.). The species, however, obviously belongs to Thecaphora rather than Tolyposporium and this transfer is therefore made above. The author evidently failed to take into account the 8 Bull. Torrey Club 31: 88. 1904. 1 56 MycoLoctIa existence of the very closely related T. Thornberi. Our descrip- tion is somewhat at variance with the one previously published. The sori in our part of the type collection, which is fairly ample, are not confined to the ovaries and the spore balls do not appear to be hollow, nor do we find any evidence that the cells of the spore balls adhere “by folds of their outer , . . membrane.” ToLyPosPoRIUM JUNCI (Schroet.) Woron. Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges. $2257) ceo Sorosporium Junct Schroet. Abh. Schl. Ges. Vat. Cult. 1869-1872 : OMe 72:. This species is the type of the genus and occurs rather rarely in various parts of Europe, but has evidently not. been reported. from North America. The writer has made two collections in Oregon, both on Juncus bufonius L., one at Corvallis, Benton Co., July, 1910, and the other at Garden City, Multnomah Co., Aug., 1909, 1807. The fungus is described as attacking the ovaries the stalks and also occurs at the base of the plant. In our specimens the infection occurs most commonly at the nodes, affecting the host somewhat similarly to Cintractia axicola on Fimbristylis, though often occurring at the base of the stalks. The spore mass is black, composed of spore balls of variable size and shape, 10-50 or more and composed of few to many rather small, irregular spores, 7-14 by 10-18. The exposed spore wall is chestnut-brown and minutely verrucose. PuRDUE UNIVERSITY, AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION, LAFAYETTE, INDIANA. ANOTHER NEW TRUFFLE W. A. Monette In the last number of Mycologia, Miss Gilkey described two new American species of truffles, Tuber canaliculatum and T. unicolor, the latter based on material recently collected in the vicinity of New York City by the use of a dog trained in Europe. After working over this New York material, Miss Gilkey ex- amined and carefully compared with it some specimens collected by Dr. Shear in Maryland twenty years ago, and pronounced them similar but specifically distinct. Fic. 1. Asci and spores of Tuber Shearui. X 600. It therefore becomes my duty and privilege (since Dr. Shear seems too diffident) to publish another new truffle from the eastern United States; — and the task is an extremely easy one. Dr. Shear collected the specimens, made the drawing here published, and sent me his correspondence with Dr. Harkness 157 LB eM oie | Mycotocia and Miss Gilkey ; while the critical study and comparison was made by Miss Gilkey, whose results are freely incorporated. The description was originally drawn by Dr. H. W. Harkness, of California, in December, 1899, shortly before his death, but his measurements and terms have been somewhat changed. Tuber Shearii Harkness, sp. nov. Ascocarp very small, subrotund or slightly elongate; surface smooth, creamy-buff; gleba drab; veins minute; asci many, sub- globose, 50-70» in diameter, I-3-spored; spores globose or sub- globose, dark-brown, alveolate, minutely reticulate beneath the alveoli, 28-49 in diameter; alveoli 9-10 X 5-Om across di- ametefs. Type collected under Pinus inops in Takoma Park, Maryland, October, 1899, C. L. Shear. « The specimens) sent to Dr. Hark- ness could not be found, but Dr. Shear still had a portion of the original collection and this was sent to Miss Gilkey for examina- tion. Under date of February 14, 1920, she wrote me a§ follows: “After having very carefully compared the co-type of Tuber Shearii, which Dr. Shear sent me last week, with material of T. unicolor, I do not consider the two plants similar. TJ. Shearit has much larger spores with distinctly different sculpturing and color and these differences are constant for all the material studied. Other than spore differences probably occur in these two species, but since all my material of one was dried while the other is in formalin, and since you wished an immediate answer, I have not yet taken time to investigate further, par- ticularly since the constant differences in spores are sufficiently distinctive, in my judgment, to separate the two.” New. York BoTANICAL GARDEN. NOTES AND BRIEF ARTICLES [Unsigned notes are by the editor] Readers of Mycotocra are invited to contribute to this department personal news items and notes or brief articles of interest to mycologists in general. Manuscript should be submitted before the middle of the month preceding the month in which this publication is issued. Dr. Carl Hartley, formerly pathologist in the Office of Forest Pathology Investigations, Bureau of Plant Industry, has resigned _to take a position in the Institute for Plant Diseases at Buiten- zorg, Java. Dr. W. H. Rankin, for five years assistant professor of plant pathology in the New York State College of Agriculture at Cor- nell University, has been appointed officer-in-charge, Field Labo- ratory of Plant Pathology, St. Catharines, Ontario, in the Cana- dian Department of Agriculture. Mr. Emery D. Eddy, who has been engaged during the past year in the investigation of diseases of market vegetables for the Department of Agriculture, recently resigned his position to take up commercial work. Professor Guy West Wilson has returned to the department of biology in Upper Iowa University, Fayette, Iowa. While at Clemson College in South Carolina, he collected a number of interesting fungi, an account of which will soon appear in Myco.octa. Oak mildew, according to Poeteren, may be effectively checked for an entire season by a single application of lime-sulphur spray, if used when the mildew begins to develop vigorously. A new and effective disinfectant for pear blight is said by Reimer to be a Io per cent. solution of commercial formaldehyde 159 160 MycoLoctIa in water, which should be applied to all tools used and all wounds made in connection with blight work in pear orchards. Silver leaf of fruit trees, especially injurious to choice varieties of the plum, has become a serious scourge in some parts of Eng-, land. The only remedy seems to be the speedy and thorough removal of all affected trees or parts of trees, as is done in the case of pear blight. 7 | Fomes lucidus is parasitic on a number of trees in Barbados, according to Nowell, including lime trees, Pithecolobium saman, P. unguis-cati, Caesalpinia coriaria, and species of Acacia, the trunks of which are usually attacked at the center. Whitten has found that winter injury to the buds of fruit trees in Missouri, where they are liable to develop too early and be killed by the frost, may frequently be prevented by spraying with whitewash, which reflects the heat of the sun and thus re- tards development. Anything that will maintain late growth in the fall will also tend to delay the flowering period the following spring. 7 Snapdragon rust, according to Peltier, has been in California since 1879 and in Illinois since 1913. It can not be controlled by Bordeaux or similar fungicides, but the conditions under which snapdragon plants are grown must be carefully watched. Wa- tering the plants from below checks the ready dissemination and germination of the spores, while propagation from seed would probably prevent the disease entirely, since the rust spores are not carried on the seed of the snapdragon. Patouillard, the famous French mycologist, has observed Ustu- lina vulgaris to be the cause of a fatal disease of the linden. The fungus attacks the trunk at the surface of the ground, spreads over it for a foot or more, penetrates the sapwood and heartwood, and kills the tree apparently by parasitic action. NoTES AND BRIEF ARTICLES 161 A disease of the walnut tree in France is said by Paravicini to be due to the attacks of Favolus europaeus, one of the common polypores ordinarily considered non-parasitic. According to this investigator, the fungus enters the trunk through wounds and is frequently found associated with other fungi. Professor E. T. Bartholomew, of the Department of Botany of the University of Wisconsin, has accepted a research pro- fessorship in the Graduate School of Tropical Agriculture at Riverside, California, in connection with the University of Cali- fornia. His special work will be the investigation of the diseases of lemons and other citrus fruits. Professor H. M. Fitzpatrick, of Cornell University, has made arrangements to teach in the summer school of the University of Michigan. He has just completed a monograph of the Corynel- iaceae, which will appear in part in the July number of Mycologia. Tyrosin in the fungi is discussed by -C. W. Dodge-in the Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden (6: 71-92. 1919). He investigated the chemistry of the tyrosinase reaction in cer- tain species that turn blue or black on exposure to the air, and found: “(1) that the tyrosinase reaction is not a deamination, although it is possible that deaminases may exist in the same organism with tyrosinase; (2) that the tyrosin molecule is synthe- sized into a larger, more complex molecule, in which part of the carboxyl groups is either split off as carbon dioxide, or more probably bound in the molecule so that it will not react with alkali.” ~ “Etudes sur la biologie et la culture des champignons super- leurs” is the title of a paper of 116 pages and many illustrations published by Monsieur G. Boyer at Bordeaux in 1918. Cultures from spores were usually unsatisfactory, so he was forced to use portions of the hymenophore. The best medium seemed to be 162 ; MyYcoLociIa a decoction from carrots solidified with gelose. Mycelium ob- tained from spores of Morchella was vigorous, but no fruit-bodies were formed, probably owing to the necessity of a. mycorhizal host previous to ascocarp formation. He found that sapro- phytic fungi grew readily on culture media, but this was not true of mycorhizal forms associated with certain trees in a symbiotic relationship, An illustrated article by Hartley and Hahn on the diseases of the quaking aspen, probably the most widely distributed tree of | our American forests, appeared in Phytopathology for March, 1920. After a discussion of fungi attacking the leaves, twigs, and trunk, the authors conclude with the following summary: “Observations have shown quaking aspen in certain areas to be unusually subject to disease; trunk cankers of unknown origin seem to be especially important factors in shortening the life of the trees. Fomes igniarius is also an important factor in causing premature death of aspen in the Pike’s Peak region. Interesting but less important diseases are (1) a twig blight suggesting’ in appearance the fire blight of pear; (2) a leaf disease due to Sclerotium bifrons, E. & E., distributed from the Rocky Moun- tains to New England and also attacking Lombardy poplar but not Populus grandidentata; and (3) a rapidly spreading bark trouble which kills cuttings.” / “A widespread leaf-spot disease of the German Iris caused by Heterosporium gracile, or Didymellina Iridis, is discussed at length by W. B. Tisdale in Phytopathology for March, 1920.. This disease seems to occur wherever the susceptible, broad- leaved species of Iris are grown, having been reported from Wisconsin, New York, California, England, and elsewhere. The fungus overwinters in the mycelial stage in the dead leaves. Perithecia develop early in the spring, but do not always produce asci, apparently on account of the weather conditions. Sterile perithecia bear conidia on the apex. An abundant crop of coni- dia, always present early in the spring, serves as the chief source Notes AND BriEF ARTICLES 163 of primary infection. The,only mode of penetration found dur- ing the experimental work at Madison was through the stomata. The removal of dead infected leaves before the young leaves appear in the spring promises to be a successful means of control. “Short Cycle Uromyces of North America” is the title of an illustrated paper by G. R. Bisby in the Botanical Gagetie for March, 1920. The characters, relationships, life history, cytol- ogy, hosts, taxonomy, and bibilography of this group of rusts are discussed in a rather comprehensive way. No new species are described. The following conclusions are drawn: “Eleven species of Uromyces possessing only telia and pycnia, or telia alone, are now considered to be present in North America. ‘These, are found especially in the higher and warmer portions of the continent, and occur upon seven widely separated host families. While these rusts form a group agreeing as to life cycle and as to the 1-celled character of the teliospores, it is not considered that phylogenetic interrelationship is thereby shown, morphological evidence indicating rather that the relationship of a species of these rusts is found in other rusts (of various life cycles and with 1- or 2-celled teliospores) upon the same or related hosts: Indeed, as indicated under Uromyces hetero- dermus, a group of hosts may bear a number of rusts of various life cycles, belonging to Puccima and Uromyces, widely dis- tributed geographically, yet all showing a certain unanimity of morphological characters, especially in the telial stage.” | Momndiaceous and.Other Porte Rican Fungi,’ by F. L. Stevens, with 2 plates and 3 figures in the text, appeared in the Botanical Gagette for March, 1920. One new genus, Halstedia, and the following fifteen new species were described: Uleodothis Pteridis, Dothidella portoricensis, D. flava, Catacauma Ocoteae, C. palmicola, C. Gouaniae, Phaedothopsis Eupatoriu, Halstedia portoricensis, Dimerina monenses, Gloniella rubra, Guignardia Justiciae, G. Tetrazygiae, G. Nectandrae, Zignoella algaphila, and Phyllosticta bonduc. | 164 MycCOLoGIA At a recent meeting of the Botanical Society of America at St. Louis, a request was presented to the Council of the Society for the establishment of a Mycological Section. The form of ‘this request was as follows: | “We, the undersigned members of the Botanical Society, con- sider it highly desirable and necessary, for the better promotion of mycological research and the more efficient presentation of papers on fungi, that a separate section be established and a seg- regated program be given at our annual meetings. “Therefore, we ask the Council of the Botanical Society to institute at this time a new section, to be called the Mycological Section, to include papers on fungi in all phases, in so far as these do not conflict with the interests of the American Phyto- pathological Society.” Ras The Council granted the request and, at the instance of Secre- tary Schramm, a meeting of the signers of the memorandum was called and Dr. C. H. Kauffman was elected chairman of the new Section. PIER ANDREA SACCARDO Professor Saccardo, so well known to mycologists, died at Padua, Italy, ‘February 12, 1920: Bora—at Treviso, April 22) 1845, he was assistant in the Botanical Institute of the University of Padua, 1866-72; professor of natural history in the Technical Institute at Padua, 1869-79; became professor of botany and director of the botanic garden of the University of Padua in 1880; and retired in later years as professor emeritus. For a list of his publications, see Lindau & Sydow’s “ Thesaurus.” The writer has visited him at Padua and also at Selva, where one of his summer homes was located, and always found him busy with plans regarding his “Sylloge.’’ Shortly before his death, he sent in a paper for publication in Mycologia, which will appear in the next number. The passing of Saccardo adds another distinguished name to the heavy toll of mycologists taken during the past few years. | 3 W. A. Murriti Notes AND BRIEF ARTICLES 165 A MYCOLOGIST IN THE MAKING An excellent collection of Ohio fungi was recently sent to me for determination by Mr. W. R. Lowater, a beginner in this field, and the letter accompanying it is so good that I will quote a few _ paragraphs from it to encourage other beginners: 7 “For a person like myself, without even a common school education, to attempt unaided the collection of the fungous flora of a certain locality, must seem to a person like yourself as rank impertinence, or at best unwarranted presumption. But I beg of you to suspend judgment. This is not the first great task I have undertaken, nor by any means the greatest. Against all handicaps, I have pitted my usual persistence and self-reliance, supplemented by a love for the chosen task; and, if the progress I have made in the last two years is any criterion of future ad- vancement, you will have little cause ever to feel ashamed of your protegé,—if I may so call myself. “Furthermore, the university student has the advantages of botanical libraries, lectures, technical instruction, herbaria, and scientific apparatus, while I have had none of these, and have had to grope my way. Only recently have I been placed in a position to buy literature on the subject, and I am slowly acquiring such apparatus as my limited means will allow. ~ All that I desire is a start. Should you feel constrained to say, “Don’t! The task is too great for you—you are not quali- fied for it,’ I will only the more solicit your patience. Should the bungling descriptions I have prepared grate on your ‘ scien- tific’ nerves, I hope that a consideration of the conditions under which I have worked will prevent you from treating the entire matter with levity.” Everyone must bow, sooner or later, to determination and de- votion ; and mycology needs earnest workers in all sections of the country. Specimens well collected and preserved are always valuable, whether the collector has studied Latin or not. i W. A. Murrity 166 MycoLociIa KAUFFMAN’S AGARICACEAE “The Agaricaceae of Michigan,’ by Dr. C. H. Kauffman, which appeared in 1919, is a stupendous piece of work splendidly done. No one who has not tried something of the kind can realize what such an undertaking means. The detailed descrip- tions of fresh specimens as they accumulated during the years; their determination from scattered types and inadequate litera- ture; the photographs and drawings; the careful microscopic | work; the serious questions relative to poisonous species ;—all these and more have been the task of Dr. Kauffman. | The volume of text contains 924 pages, most of which are re- quired for the descriptions of the 884 species listed for Michigan. The introductory remarks include discussions regarding the structure, habit of growth, distribution, collection, and classifica- tion of the gill-fungi; while the volume closes with a glossary : and bibliography by the author and a lengthy paper by Dr. O. E. Fischer on mushroom poisoning. The second volume consists of 162 full-size plates illustrating in black and white a total of 185 species, many of which have not been illustrated elsewhere. The new species published in this work, not to mention the new varieties, are thirty in number, a list of which follows. They are to be credited to Dr. Kauffman unless otherwise indicated: Russula ochraleucoides, R. subpunctata, R. amygdaloides, Hypholoma peckianum, Psilocybe larga, Cortinarius iodeoides, C. velicopia, C. rubens, C. elegantioides, C. aggregatus, C. sphaerosperma, C. purpureophyllus, C. viren- tophyllus, C. subpulchrifolius, C. subtabularis, C. mammosus, C. tmpolitus, C. subrigens, Inocybe lanotodisca, I. glaber, Hebeloma simile, Galera bulbifera, | G. cyanopes, Crepidotus stipitatus, Eccilia pirinoides, Amanita chrysoblema — Atk., Lepiota fischeri, Pleurotus albolanatus Pk., Tricholoma laticeps, and Clitocybe praecox. W.A. MurRILL Phytopathology for January, 1920, contains an article on Dr. Farlow, by G. P. Clinton; one on the potato mosaic disease, by H. M. Quanjer; and abstracts of the phytopathological papers presented at the recent meeting in St. Louis. In reporting on the potato wart survey for 1919, Dr. Lyman states that the disease was found in small amounts in six villages Notes AND BRIEF ARTICLES 167 in western Pennsylvania and in two villages in northern West Virginia, all being in the soft-coal section, except one of the West Virginia localites. Apparently no other extensive area of infes- tation exists at all comparable to the Hazleton district, but un- doubtedly there are other undiscovered isolated points of infes- tation in regions out of touch with modern agriculturists. These can be brought to light only by further intensive survey. “Wood-destroying fungiin pulp and paper mill roofs” was the title of a paper presented by Mr. R. J. Blair, which was ab- stracted as follows: When the roof of a paper mill is built of wood moisture in the air permits the development of wood- destroying fungi in the timber. Rapid rotting takes place and it is often necessary to renew the timber after six or eight years’ service. The roofs of eighty of the Canadian paper mills have been examined to find the different types of construction used and the services secured from each. Thecommon faults in every case are that moisture enters the spaces between the planks and reaches their upper side, where it condenses, causing a moist con- dition of the planks during prolonged periods and at the same time the wood is of a non-durable species. There is no evidence that other species of fungi than three of those mentioned last year in connection with the cotton mill roofs, Lentodium tigrinum, Lenzites trabea, and.Poria xantha, cause these losses. The remedy for such timber decay lies in a combination of four fac- tors, which need consideration when the roof is being built. These are the use of wood which resists decay, ventilation which carries away the moisture, liberal dry-air heating, and a heat- insulating layer placed on the upper side of the planks. Dr. J. C. Arthur reported that there were two destructive rusts ready to invade the United States at the first opportunity. A rust on peanuts has long been prevalent in South America. In Trinidad and the nearby islands of the Antilles it is a great menace to the crop, often covering every leaf on the plants with a heavy powder of urediniospores. No successful method of controlling the rust has yet been found. A rust on potatoes and tomatoes, comparable in its life history and behavior with the hollyhock rust, has recently come to light in Costa Rica and Ecuador. The possibilities for its spread and harmfulness de- 168 Mycotocta serve serious attention. Neither this rust nor the preceding one has yet been reported from any United States possession. The biology of Fontes applanatus is ably and comprehensively treated by J. H. White in the Transactions of the Royal Canadian Institute 12: 133-174. pl. 2-7. 1919. Two of the most impor- tant results obtained relate to the discharge of spores and to the parasitic nature of the fungus. These are summarized by the author as follows: | “Spore discharge is enormous and continues for by far the longest period recorded for fungi. It is continuous day and night for about six months—visible from vigorous fruiting bodies as spore clouds. Buller, from a count estimate in the case of Polyporus squamosus, a form which also exhibits spore clouds, concluded that at least 1,700,000 spores were discharged from one tube in three days. A similar calculation with F. applanatus gave the incomprehensible number of 30,000 million spores lib- erated in twenty-four hours from a fruiting body with a pore surface of about one square foot. Discharge is not affected by variations in light, humidity of the air, or temperature within very wide limits; frost causes an instant cessation and thereafter there is no further spore fall until a new set of pores is organized. “Fomes applanatus has been proved to be a wound parasite, and in southern Ontario at least one of the commonest and most destructive of this type. The proof rests on three grounds: (a) the conventional test applied to other such fungi—the mycelium works upward most readily by the way of the heartwood, causing a characteristic decay and outward into the sapwood, eventually reaching the cambium, and is apparently the cause of the death of the tissues traversed by it; (0) a broad brown band is present in the wood of living trees along the advance line of the invading mycelium of this fungus. Wéithin this band there is a copious production of brown wound gum and an excessive multiplication of tyloses. This band steadily moves forward with the advance- ing hyphae, the tyloses and wound gum being destroyed by the mycelium along its posterior margin as rapidly as they are formed along its anterior edge. The tyloses (and possible the wound gum also) certify to the living condition of the invaded tissues ; . NoTES AND BrIEF ARTICLES 169 their production can be ascribed only to the influence of the fungus, and the invasion of these tissues and their fate demon- strates directly its ability to act as a parasite; (c) inoculations with the spores and mycelium of F. applanatus into living trees resulted in an extensive browning of the inoculated wood with a multiplication of tyloses—both far in excess of similar phe- nomena due to traumatic stimulation.” OuDEMANS’ WorK._ON FUNGI The first volume of Oudemans’ “Enumeratio Systematica Fungorum,” with about 1,360 pages of text, appeared in the latter part of 1919. It contains a bibliography of 2,107 titles and a host index of all the cryptogams and the monocotyledons (as far as the orchids) that occur in Europe, either wild or in cultivation, with the fungi that are parasitic upon them. Engler’s nomencla- ture has been followed in the main for the higher plants and Sac- cardo’s for the fungi. Oudemans died in 1906, having labored twenty-five years or more on this work. Dr. Lotsy succeeded in getting a Society at Haarlem to publish the manuscript, after it was revised and completed up to the year 1910 by de Boer, Paerels, and Vuyck. The first volume may be obtained for fifteen dollars from Mar- tinus Nijhoff, Lange Voorhout 9, The Hague, Holland. The remaining four volumes are expected to appear in a few years. This first volume is valuable because of its extended bibliog- raphy and the numerous citations to the literature of the fungi which it contains. As a host index for the fungi, it includes all European plants, many of which occur in this country, and also all plants grown in conservatories in Europe, among which will be found many species from tropical America. W. A. Murriti ERRORS IN LINDAU’s ‘‘ THESAURUS ” AND SACCARDO’S “f SYLLOGE” Several years ago I sent in some corrections for Lindau and Sydow’s Thesaurus litteraturae mycologicae ...; a few more have come to my attention which I think may possibly be of in- terest to the readers of Mycotocta. 170 MYcoLoctia | In Lindau and Sydow’s Thesaurus litteraturae mycologicae . under J. A. Mougeot (no. 77) occurs the title: Champig- nons des Vosges (Statist. du Départ. des Vosges, Epinal 1845, 127 p.); the same title is also given under A. Mougeot, by Tra- verso in his Supplementum alterum to Saccardo’s Bibliotheca mycologicae.. . . in the Sylloge fungorum,)v217,) p95. | have not been able to locate this work but I feel reasonably sure that it is wrongly credited to J. A. Mougeot. There seems to have been considerable confusion of the father (Jean Baptiste) and the son (Joseph Antoine or Antoine, as he is more often) given) by bibliographers. A notable example is that of the Royal Society’s Catalogue of scientific papers, Ist series, which, however, corrected the mistake in the supplementary volume. There is no mention of any such work by J. A. Mougeot by his biographers; in fact it would not seem that his published: myco- logical work dates so far back. It is most probably a reprint from J. B. Mougeot’s Considérations générales sur la végétation spontanée du département des Vosges. This was first published in the Ann. Soc. Emul. Dép. Vosges in 1834 (Lindau no. 73), but according to Kirschleger in his Flore d’Alsace, v. 2, p. Ixx—Ixxi, included only the phanerogams ; in 1845 it was reprinted with the addition of the cryptogams, in Lepage ‘and Charton’s Statistique du Département des Vosges (Lindau, no. 73a, the date 1835 must be a typographical error). An examination of a copy of the reprint of the Considérations générales .. . of 1845, discovers no indication that the son (J. A. Mougeot) had any hand in the work. The part dealing with fungi, both general text and the table of species, would cover about 127'p., which is | given as the number of pages for the reprint ‘ Champignons des Vosges.” Nos. 78 and 79, credited by Lindau to J. A. Mougeot, should also be transferred to J. B. Mougeot, the’ father. I should be glad to get track of a copy of the “ Champignons ,des Vosges,” 1845, and would appreciate information in regard to its location. : It is very possible that the following note of correction for Saccardo’s “ Sylloge fungorum” has already been brought to the NoTES AND BRIEF ARTICLES rat attention of mycologists ; on the chance that it may have escaped notice I am appending it. Saccardo in his “Sylloge fungorum,’ synonyms of Ophiobolus herpotrichus Rhaph. herpotriche (Fr.) Fuck. Symb. Myc. p. 125. Rhaph. lacroixu Mont. Syll. Crypt. n. 895. In the “Synonymia” (v. 15 of the “Sylloge,” p. 320) the spe- cies are given as Rhaphidophora herpotricha and R. lacroixu. In both cases the name used by Fuckel and Montagne is Iha- phidospora and not Rhaphidophora. This error should also be corrected in the Index to the “Sylloge” (v. 12, p. 663): _ Rhaphidophora Fr. et Mont. should read Rhaphidospora Fr. et Mont. | It might also be well to call attention to the fact that the abbreviation “Car. et de Not.” which occurs in a number of places, especially under Ophiobolus in v. 2 and in v. 15, p. 320, under Rhaphidophora, should read “Ces. et de Not.” ALICE C. ATWooD t) Ver2enpe) 352 mcites, as INDEX TO AMERICAN MYCOLOGICAL LITERATURE Atanasoff, D., and Johnson, A.G. Treatment of cereal seeds by dry heat. Jour. Agr. Research 18: 379-300. pl. 46, 40. 2 Jia 1920. Bakke, A. L. The comparative rate of desiccation of tubers from normal and diseased potato plants. Phytopathology 9: 541-546. D 191g. Botjes, J. C. Raising phloem-necrosis and mosaic free potatoes, | and a source of infection whose nature has not yet been eluci- dated. Phytopathology 10: 48-49. 1920. | Carpenter, C. W. Preliminary report on root rot in Hawaii (Lathina cane deterioration, pineapple wilt, taro rot, rice root rot, banana root rot}. Hawaii Agr. Exp. Stas bullies4 ero pl. 1-6. .9 1D) 1970: Clinton, G. P. William Gilson Farlow. Phytopathology 10: 1S.) PLT eC2O Godfrey, G. H. S clerotinia Ricini n. sp. parasitic on the castor bean (Ricinus communis). Phytopathology 9: 565-567. il. 40,45... 19 1610: Gregory, C. T. Heterosporium leaf-spot of timothy. Phyto- pathology 9: 576-580. f. 1, 2. D 1919. Hartley, C., Pierce, R. G., and Hahn, G.G. Moulding of snow- smothered nursery stock. Phytopathologyg: 521-531. N 1919. Lebenbauer, P. A. Carnation stem rot. Gardening 28: 152- 155. °12 1920: Lee, H. A., and Yates, H. S. Pink disease of Citrus. Philip. Jour: Sci. 14::657-671. pl. 1-7; f. 5,° 2... 10D gas: Due to Corticium salmonicolor B. & Br. Link, G. K. K., and Gardner, M. W. Market pathology and mar- ket diseases of vegetables. Phytopathology 9: 497-520. N IQIO. 3 Lloyd, C. G. Mycological notes No. 60: 862-876. f. 1463-1496. Au 1919. , 172 INDEX »TO AMERICAN MycoLoGIcAL LITERATURE Lis Lloyd, C. G. The large Pyrenomycetes, 17-32. f. 1444-1460. Cineinnati. Jl 1919. Massey, L. M. More about crown-canker. Am. Rose Annual 1919: 74-78. 15 Mr 1919. Matz, Julius. Report of the division of plant pathology and bot- fy annekRep, Ins, Exp—Sta. Porto Rico, 35, 36. 1919. McClintock, J. A. Sclerotinia blight. A serious disease of snap beans caused -by Sclerotima lbertiana Fckl.- Virginia Truck Exp. Sta. Bull. 20: 419-428. f. r00-103. 1 Jl 1916. McCubbin, W. A. Common strawberry diseases. Bull. Dom. Can. Dept. Agr. 92: 35-39. Murrill, W. A. Corrections and additions to the polypores of | | temperate North America. Mycologia 12: 6-24. Ja 1920. Includes 9 new combinations. Nicholson, C. G. Some vegetable parasites. Sci. Am. II. 51: 87-97. 24 J 1920. | Orton, C.R. The Long Island potato disease conterence., ‘Phy- topathology 9: 536, 537. N 1919. Pammel, L. H. Perennial mycelium of parasitic fungi. Proc. fa. Acad. Sci. (25:.259-263. 1919: Plitt, C. C. A short history of lichenology. Bryologist 22: 77- o5.* 1920. Pritchard, F. S., and Clark, W. B. Effect of copper soap and of Bordeaux soap spray mixtures on control of tomato leaf spot. Phytopathology 9: 554-564. f. 1-7. D 1919. Quanjer, H. M. The mosaic disease of the Solanaceae, its rela- tion to the phloem-necrosis, and its effect upon potato culture. Phytopathology 10: 35-47. f. I-14. 1920. Rosen, H. R., and Kirby, R. S. A comparative morphological study of aecia of four different rusts found upon barberries in North America. Phytopathology 9: 569-573. pl. 38, Oy afi, Be D 1919. | Rosenbaum, J. Studies with Macrosporium fromtomatoes. Phy- topathology 10: 9-21. pl. 2.3, f. I. 1920. Scofield, C. S. Cotton root rot spots. Jour. Agr. Research 18: 205-310. 7. 7. 15 D 1919. AAS MycoLociIa Seaver, F.J. Photographs and descriptions of Cup-fungi—VIII. Elvela infula and Gyromitra esculenta. Mycologia 12: 1-5. Plt \atoze: : Stevens, N.E. The development of the endosperm in Vaccinium corymbosum. Bull. Torrey Club 46: 465-468. f. 1-4. 31 O 1919. , Stevenson, J. A. Enfermedades del Citro en Puerto Rico. Rev. Agr. Puerto Rico 3: 25-49. D 1g19. Sydow, H., and Sydow, P. Novae fungoroum species. Ann. Myc. 15: 143-148. I9Q17. | Includes, Ustilago spaerocarpa, Ascochyta Bernmullerii, spp. nov. from Mexico and Macrophoma Villaresiae and Pycnoderma Villaresiae spp. nov. from Brazil. Taylor, M. W. The overwintering of Cronartium ribicola on | Ribes. Phytopathology 9: 575.. D 1919. | : Thaxter, Roland. Second note on certain peculiar fungus- parasites of living insects. Bot. Gaz..69: 1-27. pl. 1<5. 22 Ja 1920. Theiszen, F., and Sydow, H. Synoptische tafeln. Ann. Myc. 15: 389-491. f. 1-38. 1917. Theiszen, F., and Sydow, H. Die Gatung Parodiella. Ann. Myc. 15: 125-142. I917. Includes Pseudoparodia, Chrysomyces, and Rhigotexes gen. nov. Theiszen, F., and Sydow, H. Finige nachtragliche Mitteilungen uber Detidees sowie uber Erikssonia und verwandte Formen. Ann. Myc. 14: 444-453. 1916. Describes Phragmosperma gen. nov. and Hysterostomina Bakeri, Endodo- thella Ricku and Periaster Strongylodontis spp. nov. Walker, J. C. Onion diseases and their control. U. S. Dept. Agr. Farm. Bull. 1060: 1-23. f. 1-72. N 1919. Wolf, F. A., and Moss, E. G. Diseases of flue-cured tobacco. Bull. N. C. Dept. Agr. 40%: 5-45. f. 1-24. D 1919. Wollenweber, H.W. Fusaria autographica delineata. Ann. Myc. 1-56. 1917. | ey ge : « ; i | > Tylos i ; ¢ ‘Nid 1 ariaceae of North nei by v. Ss. White. 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Vili Rs 592 PP-, many text figures. 1916. Contributions from the New York Botanical Garden, \ seri nical papers written by students or members of the staff, nd journals other than the above. Price, 25 Biceasa pine ; the ninth volume. : Bronx Pare, New i _ FRANKLIN Ss. EARLE LARS ROMELL | a i A Ecbastind FINK FRED J. SEAVER | ROBERT A. HARPER _ CORNELIUS L. SHEAR -TYOZABURO TANAKA ___ New Species and Relationships in : 6 ‘ik ‘ ae ne ee _ Notae Mycologicae, re Monograph of the Coryneliaceac (in ; 1 ; 1 > Q . ‘The New Era Print articles reprinted from 25 copies" ates) eels § -MYCOLOGIA rer f OBSERVATIONS ON THE GENL -ACROSPERMUM!' | Lincotn W. RIDDLE \ Ve, eg “f “ nA WA! — (With PLATE! 11, CONTAINING 13 FIGURES) Sena) MY = Acrospermum is the name given to a small group of closely related fungi growing on living or dead herbaceous plants or plant-parts. The genus was established in 1790 by Tode in his Fungi Mecklenburgenses (part 1, page 8), with Acrospermum compressum as the type-species. ‘The plants all have erect fructi- fications, more or less clavate or spatulate in form. The asci are elongated; contain eight filiform, colorless spores; and are sur- rounded by capillary paraphyses. The texture is horny when dry, fleshy-cartilaginous when moist. There are two peculiarities which have made the systematic position of the genus uncertain: the fructification is ordinarily compressed (compare Figs. 1 and 2),,and the ostiole is elliptical rather than circular (Fig. 5). Ellis and Everhart (North American Pyrenomycetes p. 67, 1892) placed Acrospermum in the Hypocreales, to which it is obviously allied in texture and in the coloration of most of the species. Rehm, however, transferred the genus to the Hysteriales, because of the two peculiarities mentioned above, and this disposition has been accepted by Lindau, in Engler and Prantl, where he estab- lished a family, Acrospermaceae, in the Hysteriales. Such an arrangement seems scarcely to express natural rela- tionships since all of the Hysteriales are characteristically car- 1 Contribution from the Cryptogamic Laboratories of Harvard University, No. ‘88. [Mycotoc1a for May (12: 115-174) was issued June 5, 1920.] ; 175 176 MYycoLoGIA bonaceous and open by a cleft rather than by an elliptical ostiole. In order to determine whether the internal structure might throw light on the true systematic position of the genus, microtome sec- tions of Acrospermum compressum and of a new species have been studied and have yielded certain results of interest. Ref- erence to figure 11 will show that the lower part of the fructi- fication is occupied by sterile tissue. This 1s more or less pro- senchymatous in nature, differing from the substance of the wall and reminding one of the hypothecium or trama of a normal apothecium. Nevertheles, this does not necessarily indicate dis- comycetous affinities, for a similar structure is found in the— perithecium of some Pyrenomycetes, for example Bombardia fasciculata Fr. Figure 12 illustrates the apical portion of the fructification somewhat more enlarged. It will be noticed that the paraphyses do not form a definite hymenium such as would be found in the Hysteriales, but that they converge loosely toward the ostiole rather in the manner of various Pyrenomycetes. Taking this into account together with the texture, and with the facts that a compressed form and elongated ostiole are found in the Lophiostomaceae; and a sterile basal tissue in Bombardia and other genera, it would seem to the writer that the natural conclusion is to consider the fructification a perithecium and to follow Ellis in placing the Acrospermaceae not under the Hys- teriales but under the Hypocreales.” Material distributed in the principal exsiccati under the specific name Acrospermum compressum TYode shows considerable varia- tion (compare Figs. 7-10). The size varies from 0.8 to 2.5 milli- meters. The form varies from spatulate, with the apex almost truncate (Fig. 8) to clavate with an obtuse apex (Fig. 10). The figures cited show a corresponding variation in the development of the stipe: in such perithecia as are figured in Nos. 7 and 8 there is merely a slight contraction below, scarcely to be referred 2 Owing to delay in the receipt of German journals, because of the war, the - present paper was in print before the writer saw a note by Von Hoehnel in the Annales Mygologici (15: 379. 1917), in which he expresses the view that Acrospermum is undoubtedly one of the Pyrenomycetes. Von Hoehnel be- lieves that the characters in common with Bombardia indicate true relation- ship, and after naming two probable connecting links, he places Acrospermum in the Sordariaceae. ite ea TSO pS Se RIDDLE: OBSERVATIONS ON ACROSPERMUM dere to as a stipe; while in the specimens distributed in Libert Plantae Cryptogamicae Arduennae No. 32 and in the Kryptogamae Exsic- ‘catae Vindobonenses No. 1435, there is a well-defined stipe, cylin- drical and of considerable relative length (Fig. 10). The surface varies from even (Fig. 7) to wrinkled (Fig. 8), and longitudinally furrowed (Fig. 10). The color is typically bay-brown,°® but varies to seal-brown, snuff-brown, and russet; rarely (e.g., Berkeley’s British Fungi Exsiccati No. 270) it may be dull fuscous-black. The color of any given perithecium is usually fairly uniform throughout, but occasional specimens are seen (é.g., Mougeot and Nestler Stirpes Cryptogamae Vogeso-Rhenanae No, 671), where the color becomes gradually paler toward the apex. Connecting with the typical form of the species and distinguish- able only as varieties are two plants which have been described as distinct species. ‘The first of these is Acrospermum graminum Libert, usually smaller than A. compressum, somewhat darker in color, with a linear outline, and growing on dead leaves of grasses (Fig. 5). Rehm has already reduced this to varietal rank. The second plant is Acrospermum foliucolum Berk. Authentic specimens in the Curtis Herbarium show that in size and in shape, Figs. 9 and 10 would represent this plant as well as the typical form of A. compressum. The color of A. folticolum is in general lighter than that of A. compressum, being from honey-yellow to russet. But it will be noticed that darker specimens of the former coincide in color with lighter specimens of the latter. The only constant difference that the writer has been able to discover be- tween the two forms is the habitat: all specimens of A. compres- sum that have been seen grow on stems, while all the specimens of A. foliicolum grow on Dicotyledonous leaves. This would scarcely seem to be of sufficient importance to maintain a specific difference ~ between the two. The variations of Acrospermum compressum may be summar- ized as follows: ACROSPERMUM COMPRESSUM Tode Fungi Mecklenb. 1: 8, ¢. 2, f. Ha 11790, - 3 All color terms in this paper are taken from Ridgeway: Color Standards and Nomenclature. i912. PES i MycoLocia a. forma typica. On herbaceous stems; I-2.5 mm. in height, more or less contracted below, bay-brown. Widely dis- tributed in the United States. b. var. GRAMINUM (Lib.) Rehm in Rabenh. Krypt. FI. Bearscht 55. 1887. (ae gramimum Libert Pl. Crypt. Ard. fasc. 1, No. 33. 1830, cum descript. On dead leaves of grasses ; 0.4-1.0 mm. in height, linear in out- line, chocolate to warm brownish-black. Recorded in the United States from New York, Missouri, and California. c. var. foliicolum (Berk.) Riddle comb. nov. 2: Acrospermum folucolum Berk. Grevillea 4: 161. 1876. On dead leaves of Celtis, Cornus, Ulmus, etc.; 0.7-1.5 mm. in height, stipitate, honey-yellow to russet. .Apparently confined to the warmer portion of the United States: specimens examined from New Jersey, North and South Carolina, Louisiana, Texas ; and recorded from Alabama. In 1914, Mr. W. R. Maxon; of the United States sNaanal Herbarium, sent to Dr. W. G. Farlow specimens of an Acro- spermum growing on the living fronds of a tropical fern. In the accompanying letter (Oct. 14, 1914), Mr. Maxon says: “I am sending you herewith two. specimens of Polypodium induens Maxon, these being my 2770 from Jamaica and my 5486 from Panama, both of which seem to be affected with a fungus. I have ‘never seen anything like it, and it seems to me a curious coinci- dence that what appears to be the same organism should occur upon individuals of the same species from widely separated re- — gions.” In a subsequent letter (Dec. 11, 1914), Mr. Maxon adds: “I have gone over all of the material of P. mduens and . find the fungus occurring upon nearly every collection of it.” Dr. Farlow recognized that the material represented a new species : and named it in honor of Mr. Maxon, labeling the specimens in the herbarium accordingly. No description was published, how- ever, and after Dr. Farlow’s death, Mr. Maxon called the present _ writer’s attention to the plant, and suggested the publication of some account of it. RIDDLE: OBSERVATIONS ON ACROSPERMUM(' 179 This new species may be described as follows: Acrospermum Maxoni Farlow in herb. sp. nov. (Plate II, Figures 1-5) Perithecia solitaria dispersa aut rarius geminata, superficialia erecta, 0.7-1.3 mm. altit., 0.22-0.3 mm. latit., clavata compressa ; apice rotundato vel obtuso; infra in stipitem tenuem cylindricem - attenuata, stipite 0.2-0.27 mm. altit., 0.07-0.09 mm. diam. ; primi- tus clausa dein ostiolo ellipsoideo aperta; siccis coriaceis, made- factis carneo-cartilagineis; fusco-nigra nitida, apice argillaceo; basi mycelio distincto irregulare rotundato arachnoideo circum- cincto, centro fusco, margine stramineo. Asci 8-spori anguste cylindrices elongatae, circa 400 longi, 5p lati; sporidiis hyalinis filiformibus irregulariter flexuosis haud spirale contortis, con- tinuis, parum brevioribus quam ascis, circa Ip latis. Paraphyses copiosae capillariae. On the under side of living fronds of Polypodium induens Maxon, in humid forest, Chiriqui, Panama, March 18, 1911, col- lected by W. R. Maxon, no. 5486a (type); same locality, no. 5714a; vicinity of Coltblanco, Costa Rica, May 1, 1906, no. 278a; vicinity of Morce’s Gap, Jamaica, June 22 1OOAsNO. 2770G,. Apr. fo, HOOg ne. F214 a, Sir jiohn’s Peak, Jamaica, no. 1324 a, all col- lected by W. R. Maxon. Forests of Santa Rosa du Copey, Costa Rica, April, 1898, collected by Tonduz, without number. On Polypodium cretatum Maxon, Monkey Hill, above New Haven Gap, Jamaica, June 22, 1904, collected by W. R. Maxon, nos. 2702a, 2754a; Sir John’s Peak, Jamaica, Sept. 1906, collected Dy ts. IM. Underwood, no. 3203a. Acrospermum Maxoni differs from A. compressum in the con- trast between the shining black perithecia and the clay-colored tips; in the peculiar mycelial web, surrounding the base of the perithecium ; and in the habit of growing on living ferns. These characters distinguish it also from A. Puiggarii Spegazzini (Bol. Acad. Nac. de Ciencias de Cordoba 23: 121. 1919) described as growing over mosses in Brazil and as having black perithecia, be- coming pallid toward the base. Microstelium hyalinum Fatouil- lard (Bull. Soc. Myc. France 15: 208. PUTO. - 18G6)),. en- crusting algae and mosses on tree-trunks in Guadeloupe, js said by 180 | MycoLocta its author to be related to Acrospermum,; and Lindau in the “Nachtraege” to Engler and Prantl’s Naturlichen Pflanzen- familien I’. 1900, places it in the Acrospermaceae. According to Patouillard’s original description, his plant has a superficial mycelium somewhat similar to the mycelial web of Acrospermum Ma.xoni, but also has the perithecium covered with a filamentous ener bonbeler: In 1881, Ellis (Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 8: 124) described a fungus from Utah under the name Acrospermum corrugatum. In 1884 the same fungus was found in California by Harkness and named by him Acrospermum fultum (Bull. Calif. Acad. 1: 47). An examination of material issued in Ellis and Everhart’s North American Fungi Series II, no. 2055, shows that this species has marked peculiarities which distinguish it clearly from all Acrosperma, as the following comparison will indicate : Typical Acrospermum Texture fleshy-cartilaginous. Corrugations occasionally present in dried specimens, but disappearing upon moistening. Ostiole merely elliptical. “ Acrospermum corrugatum ”’ Texture carbonaceous. Corrugations strongly marked and persistent even when moist. Ostiole an elongated, narrow cleft. Growing on herbaceous plants or Growing on dead wood. plant-parts. Since “ Acrospermum corrugatum’’ does not possess the typical and characteristic features of a true Acrospermum, it became evident that it should be excluded from the genus. Further study led to the discovery that Ellis’ plant is identical with the long- known but comparatively rare European species: Lophium dolab- riforme Wallr. (Flora Crypt. Germ. 2: 433. 1833) not hitherto In addition to the characters already noted, all of the descriptions of Lophium recognized from the American continent. dolabriforme emphasize the peculiar rope-like, mycelial strands around the base of the apothectum (see Fig. 13) and these are well shown in the specimens issued in Vestergren Micromycetes In addition to the Utah and California stations, Rostrup (Medd. on Groenl. 18: 61. 1894) has recorded Rariores Selecti no. 921. ~ set gga 2 wut Tt toe Sr aha Siar mee fn VOLUME 12, PLATE II MyYcCOLoGIA ACROSPERMUM RIDDLE: OBSERVATIONS ON ACROSPERMUM 181 this plant from Greenland. And in 1905, Dr. Roland Thaxter collected it at Punta Arenas, Chile, in the Straits of Magellan. HarvarD UNIVERSITY, CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS. if EXPLANATION OF PLATE I1 All of the figures, with the exception of nos. 3, 4, 5, and 12, were drawn to the same scale with a Spencer Lens Company 5-x eye-piece and 16 mm. objective; and have been reduced about one third in reproduction. Figs. 1-5. Acrospermum Maxoni Farlow. Ln . Perithecium, face view, with mycelial web at base. Perithecium, side view. Single ascus, with spores. Habit, enlarged about 2 Xx. Apex of perithecium cut off and viewed from above to show the ellip- wu fw bh tical ostiole. Fig. 6. Acrospermum compressum var. graminum (Libert) Rehm, from Ra- benhorst Fungi Europaei Exsiccati no. 776. Figs. 7-12. Acrospermum compressum Tode. 7..Ex herb. Fuckel in herb. Farlow. 8. Ellis North American Fungi no. 1318. 9. Klotzsch Herbarium Vivum Mycologicum no. 738. to. Libert Plantae Cryptogamicae Arduennae no. 32. 11. Longitudinal section of entire perithecium from Kryptogamae Exsic- catae Vindobonenses no. 1435. Diagrammatic. ; £2: Apical portion of some, more enlarged. Semi-diagrammatic. Fig. 13. Lophium dolabriforme Wallr. from specimen collected by R. Thaxter in Chile. NEW SPECIES AND RELATIONSHIPS IN THE GENUS COLEOSPORIUM GEORGE G. Hepecocx, N. Rex Hunt, anD GLENN G. HAHN A study of the species of the form genus Peridermium occur- ring on the needles of, pines in the United: States andere uicins relation to the various species of Coleosporium in the same range was begun by the senior writer in 1912. He has since been as- sisted in this work as follows: by William H. Long in 1914, by N. Rex Hunt from 1915 to 1918, and by Glenn G. Haha: in ror and 1920. All collections cited in this paper without the name of the collector were made by the senior writer; where made by others the name of the collector is given. This paper gives some of the results of the more critical sets of inoculations made with several species, chiefly during the past three years. In the descriptions of fungi given in this paper, all measure- ments for averages are based upon either 50 or Ioo, individual measurements. Materials for study are prepared as follows: dried specimens are first placed in water, then heated to the boiling point, transferred to a IO per cent. gum arabic solution for 15 minutes and sectioned with a freezing microtome. Sections are mounted in a solution of 30 per cent. glycerine in water tinged a with erythrosin. Measurements of the sori of pycnia and aecia , in length and width are taken chiefly from unsectioned dry material. Measurements of cell walls are the estimated median for the side walls of each cell and include wall papillae. The @ colors of pycnia, aeciospores, and peridia are based on fresh material.t. As has already been pointed out (7),? the color in fresh pycnia furnishes a good diagnostic character. Pycnia when old fade, and although this feature loses in value with age, other characters still hold, such as arrangement on the leaves, and size. 1 Colors used are those of R. Ridgway, Color Standards and Color Nomen- clature, Washington, D. C., 1912. ' 2 Numbers in parentheses refer to publications cited at the close of the paper. 182 Hepccock, Hunt, HAHN: COLEOSPORIUM 183 All type specimens for the species described in this paper are _ deposited in the Pathological Collections of the United States De- partment of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. The numbers given with collections apply to collections for study in the Office of In- vestigations in Forest Pathology, Washington, D. C. COLEOSPORIUM APOCYNACEUM On March 27, 1918, near Silver Springs, Florida, a beautiful Peridermium with delicate fimbriate peridia was collected from the needles of Pinus caribaea,® P. palustris, and P. taeda, in direct association with plants of Amsonia ciliata* bearing the uredinia of ~Coleosporium apocyraceum Cooke, which were evidently from a recent infection. Inoculations were made April 3, 1918, by Hunt on six plants of Amsomnia ciliata at Washington, D. C., in a green- house, with the aeciospores of the Peridermium from Pinus taeda. On April 15, the uredinia of Coleosporium apocynaceum Cooke appeared on the leaves of one plant, and later the telia, establish- ing that this Peridermium is the aecial stage of Coleosporium apocynaceum (10). Hedgecock repeated this inoculation on plants of Amsonia ciliata May 27, 1918, with aeciospores from a collec- tion of the Peridermium from Pinus palustris at Silver Springs, May 7, 1918. Uredinia appeared on two plants June 9, and a month later telia were formed. Control plants in both these ex- periments remained free from the rust. Inoculations made with urediniospores on plants of Amsonia ciliata April 24 and May 24, 1918, resulted in the production of uredinia May 8 and June 9, respectively and of telia about a month later. The aecial stage of Coleosporium apocynaceum, for convenience in distinguishing it from other species of the form genus Peri- dermium, is here named Peridermium apocynaceum (Cooke) Hedge. & Hunt, comb. nov., with the following description: Pycnia, amphigenous, scattered, in one row on each side of the leaf, conspicuous, on chlorotic spots, dehiscent by a longitudinal slit, hazel-brown to chestnut-brown, 0.4-0.8 mm. wide, 0.6-1.4 3 The name of forest trees used in this paper are those recognized by Geo. B. Sudworth in various publications of the Forest Service, Washington, D. C. . 4 The names of herbaceous plants and of shrubs are those recognized by J. K. Small, Flora Southeastern United States, 1913. 184 MycoLoctIa mm. long, and 0.1-0.2 mm. high, averaging 0.5 by 0.85 by 0.16 — mm.; pycnospores 2-3 by 4-7, averaging 2.4 by 5p. . Aecia from a limited mycelium, amphigenous, one to several in a single row usually on the inner sides of the leaves, on chlo- rotic spots, occasionally confluent, flattened laterally, rectangular before rupturing, 0.26—-0.5 mm. wide, 2-20 mm. long, and 0.25—- 0.45 mm. high, after rupture, averaging 0.35 by 6.1 He @as.mm. 4 peridium thin, rupturing circumscissally, the ruptured edges re- ‘curved and lacerated or irregularly fringed, fragile; peridia! cells ellipsoid to cylindric, occasionally clavariform, 18-33 » wide, 25— 63 long, averaging 23 by 42y, slightly overlapping but loosely adherent, with walls 2-6 thick, averaging 4.4m, outer walls thicker than inner, both verrucose with cylindric papillae 1-2 in diameter by 2-6 in length, averaging 1.3 by 3.8m; aeciospores ovoid to ellipsoid, occasionaly pyriform, 16-23 .by 22-42, aver- aging 19.1 by 31.5m, contents orange, fading when old, walls 3-6 thick, averaging 4.7 w, verrucose with short, blunt tubercles 2-4 po in diameter and 2-6, long, averaging 2.6 by 3.9p. Coleosporium apocynaceum Cooke has been collected in the United States only as follows: O. and I.. On Pinus near Ocala, Florida: P. caribaea, in 1918, March 27 (25212) and Apa Za(zorerss P. palustris, in 1918, March 27 (25214, type collection), April 7 (29100) ; in 1919, February 27 (32141) and May m5) (422708 P. taeda, in 1919, March 27 (25213) and May 18 (32384). | II and HI. On Amsonia: , A, amsoniae, South Carolina, in 1860, by. Hl We Ravenel Pinopolis (Fungi Caroliniani Exsiccati, 489) ; Alabama, in 1864, by T. M. Peters (Peters Collection, University of Alabama) ; in 1896, by F. S. Earle and L. M. Underwood, Auburn, Alabama, July (Flora Alabama). A. ciliata, South Carolina, in 1852, by H. W. Ravenel, Aiken (Fungi Caroliniani Exsiccati 44); in 1916, by G. G. Hedgcock, Clearwater, September 27 (24102); Florida, in 1918, Silver Springs, Ocala, March 27 (25215), May 7 (25299), May 24m (25284 & 29116) ; and in 1919, May 15 (32378). COLEOSPORIUM LACINIARIAE Arthur first described the uredinia and telia of Coleosporium laciniariae in 1907 (1), reporting it from specimens of Lacimaria Hepccock, Hunt, HAHN: COLEOSPORIUM 185 graminifolia from Auburn, Alabama. He also mentioned its oc- currence on L. chapman in Florida. Since 1907, the known range of this species of Coleosporium has been greatly extended and a number of additional hosts found (6). Peridermium fragile Hedge. and Hunt (7) was first recognized in Florida at Brooksville on the needles of Pinus palustris, March II, 1915. Numerous inoculations were made by Hedgecock and Hunt during 1915, 1916 and 1917 with the aeciospores of this Peridermium on many plants of species of Aster, Chrysopstis, Elephantopus, Euthamia, Laciniaria, Pharbitis, Solidago, Ver- besina and Vernonia, without results. The plants of Laciniaria used were in poor condition. In the autumn of 1916, the collec- tion of Coleosporium laciniariae on plants in direct association with pine trees which earlier in the season were infected with Peridermium fragile, indicated that Laciniaria was the alternate host genus for this species of Peridermium. Good thrifty plants » of Lacimaria were secured and kept in stock. On March 20, 1918, Hunt inoculated the leaves of several species of Laciniaria with the aeciospores of this Peridermium from Pinus palustris | 25135) ac Ocala,'Fla., March 15,1918. ‘One plant of Lacimiaria graminifolia was infected, uredinia appearing April ri, and telia later. On March 4, 1919, Hedgcock inoculated one plant of Laciniaria sp. with aeciospores collected from Pinus palustris at Meala, Fla., February 27. QOn.March 22, uredinia appeared on the leaves. Telia were noted June 5. In both experiments con- trol plants remained free from the rust. This proves that Pert- dermum fragile Hedge. and Htnt is the aecial stage of Coleo- - sporium lacimariae Arthur. Coleosporium lacimariae Arthur has been collected as follows, the data being taken from collections in this office. rand 1... On Pinus: P. palustris, Florida, in 1915, Brooksville, March 11 (17426, type of Peridermium fragile), March 11 (17427), March 12 (17430) ; in 1916, March 17 (20780, 20781, 20786 and 20787) ; ig 1018, March 17 (25163) ; in 1919, March 2 (32161 and 32162), Merch 3 (32172); May 15 (32465); Ocala,-in 1916, March 16 (20775); in 1918, March.15 (25135); in 1919, February 28 186 e MyYcoLoGIA - (32153): in t919, Gainesville, March 20 (20806) ; in 1919, Lake — City, March 12 (32231); Georgia, in. 1915, Waycross, April 1 @ (17594). 3 ) P. rigida, New Jersey, in 1916,’ Pleasantville” Jume 55022247) - Mount Calvary, June'5 (22348) ; in 1917, Mount Calvary May 12 (26522); District of Columbia in 1917, Washington, May 31 (24522). Il and WI. On Lacimane: L. elegans, Florida, in 1915, Ocala, October 27 (20073) ; Jack- sonville, October 30 (20085). | L. elegantula, Alabama, in 1915, Auburn, October 7 (18895). — L. gracilis, Florida, in 1915, Lake City, October 25 (20057) ; Brooksville, October 28 (20077). L. gramintfolia, New Jersey, in 1915, Pleasantville, September @ 12 (17952) ; in 1916, Mount Calvary, September 2 (22762, 22763, 22764, 22765, 22706, 22767 and 22768) ; 1m; 1017, >epremper ta (22620); L. laxa, Florida, in 1915, Tampa, October 297 (20082); L. squarrulosa, Arkansas, in 1915, Bald Knob, October 12 (18890) ; Tennessee, in 1916, Big Frog Mountain, September 21 (22864) ; Georgia, in 1916, Atlanta, September 24 (22958). L. tenutfolia, Florida, in 1915, Lake City, October 25 (20058) ; Tampa, October 29 (20081) ; Jacksonville, October 30 (20086). From these data, it will be seen that our known range of Coleo- sporium lacimariae is from New Jersey to Florida and Arkansas. PERIDERMIUM MINUTUM Peridermium minutum Hedge. and Hunt (7) is a small species of leaf Peridermium known only from Florida. It was first col- lected at Brooksville in 1915, and again in 1916 in the same locality and also at Gainesville. Repeated attempts without re- sult were made in 1916 to infect plants withthe aeciospores of this rust, using species of Aster, Campanula, Calonyction, Coreopsis, G hrysopsis, Elephantopus, Helianthus, Ipomoea, Lacimaria, Par- thenium, Pharbitis, Quamoclit, Silphium, Solidago, Verbesina and — Vernonia. On May 6, 1918, near Gainesville, Fla., the uredinia of a Coleosporium were found occurring abundantly on the leaves Hepccock, Hunt, HAHN: CoLEOSPORIUM 187 of Adelia ligustrina under a tree of Pinus glabra heavily infected with Peridermium minutum. Healthy plants of Adelia ligustrina ‘secured from another locality were packed in direct contact with fresh aecia of this Peridermium, mailed to Washington, D. C., and placed in pots. The uredinia of the Coleosporium appeared on these plants in about two weeks after they were potted, and later telia. On March 28, 1919, inoculations were made again in the greenhouse at Washington, D. C., on eight healthy plants of Adelia ligustrina with the aeciospores of the Peridermium col- lected on Pinus glabra at Gainesville, Fla., February 28, 1919. Uredinia of the Coleosporium appeared on the leaves of three plants April 14, and telia about June 1; six control plants re- mained free from the rust. This proves that it is the alternate stage of Peridernuum minutum (10), This species of Coleo- sporium with minute sori differs from other known species of this genus, and is now given the name Coleosporium minutum Hedgc. and Hunt, comb. nov., with the following description : Uredinia hypophyllous, numerous, small, scattered on slightly chlorotic areas on the leaves, circular to elliptic, 0.I-O.5 mm. 1n diameter, averaging 0.25 mm., orange-chrome, fading with age to white, ruptured epidermis inconspicuous; urediniospores sphaeroid to obovoid or ellipsoid, 15-23 by 18-31 p, averaging 18.7 by 24.5 », walls irregularly thickened at the apex, 2-8 » thick, averaging 4.9m verrucose with coarse conical tubercles, 2-4 in diameter, averaging 2.6-3.8 p. : | Telia hypophyllous, small, scattered or somewhat gregarious, rarely confluent, circular to elliptic in outline, 0.16—-0.36 by 0.18- 0.36 mm., averaging 0.22 by 0.26 mm., grenadine red, darkening with age; teliospores with wall swelling 20-36 above, averaging 24.2; contents orange-chrome, fading to almost colorless, cylin- dric to clavate or oblong, 18-32 by 30-70p, averaging 23.1 by 44.9, rounded or obtuse at the apex, obtuse to narrowed below. Coleosporium minutum Hedge. and Hunt has been collected in the United States only and as follows: rand |. On Pinus: | P. glabra, Florida, in 1916, Gainesville, March 14 (20737), March 15 (20768, type of Peridermium minutum), March 20 (20801 ) yim 1916, March 13 (25126), March-28 (25223), May 6 (29118) ; in 1919, February 24 (32103) and March 12 (32230). 188 Meeonorns P. taeda, Florida, in 1915, Brookville, March 12 (17439) ; in 1916, March 17 (20782) ; in 1919; March’ 2) (42165 farche 11 (32229). ieand Ts Om Adela: : A. ligustrina, Florida, in 1918, Gainesville, May 6 (25208, type ‘of Coleosporium minutum) ; in 1919, May 14 (32363, 32862) ; Brooksville (32395) ; District of Columbia, in 1918, Washington, June 20 (29194). | , COLEOSPORIUM ELEPHANTOPODIS The successful inoculation of Elephantopus with Peridermium carneum Am. Auct. was first reported in 1917 (8); indicating the possible identity of Coleosporium elephantopodts (Schw.) Thum. with Coleosporium carneum (Bosc), Jackson (C. vernomae B. & Cy. RX careful study of these two species, however, has estab- lished the fact that they are not identical (10). Phe two are distinct in their host adaptation, in addition to slight differences in morphology. Even if these two species are not considered separate and distinct, they must at least be considered races of the same species. The writers choose to treat them as separate species, for reasons which ‘follow: Of 22 sets of inoculations made with Peridermium carneum in — 1914, 8 infected plants of species of both Elephantopus and Vernoma, and 14 infected only those of Vernonia. Of 44 sets of inoculations made in 1915, 3 infected plants of species of both genera, 4 only those of Elephantopus and 37 only’ those of Ver- nonia. Of 28 sets of inoculations in 1916, 8 infected plants of species of both genera, 8 only those of Elephantopus, and 12 only those of Vernonia. In 1916 an effort, partially successful, was made to separate collections of Peridermium carneum by macro- scopic characters into two lots, the one belonging to Coleosporium elephantopodis, the other to Coleosporium carneum. Later efforts have been quite successful. From 1916 to IgIQ9, 31 sets of inoculations have been made — from aecial material adjudged to be the aecia of Coleosporium carneum; of these 24 infected only plants of species of Vernonia, 7 infected those of both Vernonia and Elephanto pus, and none of ~ Hepecock, Hunt, HAHN: COLEOSPORIUM Nigeys, them, Elephantopus only. During the same period, 23 sets of inoculations have been made from aecial material adjudged to be the aecia of Coleosporium elephantopodis; of these, 17 infected only plants of species of Elephantopus, 6 infected plants of species of both Elephantopus and Vernonia, while in no case were those of Vernonia alone infected. From 1916 to 1919, 10 sets of inoculations were made with aecial material grown in the greenhouse at Washington, D. C., by inoculating pines in incubation chambers with sporidia from the fresh telia: of Coleosporium elephantopodis. In all of these sets, plants of species of Elephantopus were infected, those of Vernonia in each set remaining free from infection. During the same period, aecial material of Coleosporium carneum grown in the same manner was used in 4 sets of experiments with the result that only plants of species of Vernonia were infected, those of Elephantopus in each set remaining free from infection. From 1914 to 1919, 7 sets of inoculations were made with the urediniospores of Coleosporium elephantopodis resulting in the infection only of plants of species of Elephantopus, those of Vernonia in each set remaining free from infection. During the same period 8 sets of inoculations were made with the uredinio- spores of Coleosporium carneum, resulting in the infection only of plants of species of Vernonia, those of Elephantopus in each set remaining free from infection. From the foregoing results we conclude that these two Coleosporiums are distinct species physiologically. The Peridermium which infects plants of species of Elephan- topus is very much less common than the one infecting plants of species of Vernomia. ‘The former fungus has fewer, smaller, and lighter colored pycnia, which are ordinarily in shorter rows than those of the latter. The aecia of the former are more com- monly somewhat triangular. in side view, and usually slightly smaller. The peridial cells of the former usually do not overlap. while those of the latter are commonly overlapping. The aecio- spores and urediniospores of the former are slightly smaller and more commonly globose and their cell walls are usually nearly uniform in thickness, while those of the latter are fre- quently distinctly thickened at the apex. 190 MycoLociIa Upon the basis of the above physiological and morphological differences, the aecial form of Coleosporium elephantopodis (Schw.) Thiim. is designated Peridermium elephantopodis (Schw.) Hedge. and Hahn, comb. nov. to distinguish it from other species of the form genus ‘Peridermium, with the following description : Pycnia amphigenous, solitary to several in one or two rows on chlorotic spots more commonly on the inner sides of the needles, dehiscent by a longitudinal slit, capucine-buff to orange-buff when immature, cadmium-orange to orange when sporulating, amber- brown to antique-brown at the time aecia are formed, 0.35—-0.64 mm. wide, 0.36-1.06 mm. long, 0.08-0.2 mm. high, averaging 0.42 by o. 75 by 0.12 mm.; pycnospores, ovoid to a 2-4 by 4-6, averaging 2.3 by 4.1 p. Aecia amphigenous, solitary to few in one or two short rows, more commonly on the inner sides of the needles, flattened later- ally, irregularly triangular to rectangular in side view, 0.3-0.9 mm, wide, I.I-7.9 mm. long, 1.0-3.6 mm. high, averaging 0.7 by 3.5, by 2.3 mm.; peridia often vertically striated, orange-pink when fresh, rupturing longitudinally at the apex with irregularly notched edges; peridial cells in one layer, slightly or not over- lapping, rectangular in cross section 20-40 by 32-72, averaging 32 by 47h, with thick walls, 6-12 in diameter, averaging 8.5 p, walls commonly verrucose, the inner with thickly set papillae I-2 in diameter, 3-Op long, averaging 1.5 by 4.3m, aeciospores eloboid to obovoid, or Bier: capucine-orange in mass 14-24 by | 20-32 p, averaging 19 by 26n, with walls slightly or not at all thickened at. the apex, 3-6 thick, averaging 4.2, tae “outer surface closely verrucose with UW ane sce 1-2 in diameter, 2-4 p long, averaging 1.4 by 2.6. The foregoing description is based on aecia from Pinus cari- baea (20818) grown under controlled conditions in the green- house at Washington, D. C., from inoculations with sporidia from the telia of Coleosporium elephantopodis from Elephantopus carolimanus. Coleosporium elephantopodis (Schw.) Thum. has been found in the United States as follows, the data being taken from col- lections made by members of this office, chiefly by the senior writer. Ovandl. On Pinus: Hepecock, Hunt, HAHN: COLEOSPORIUM 191 _ canariensis; District of Columbia.** } _ caribaéa; District, of Columbia* and Florida. . contorta; District of Columbia.* 2 coulteri; District of Columbia.* . echinata; Alabama, District of Columbia* and Georgia. . mayriana; District of Columbia.* - palustris; Alabama, District of Columbia,* Florida, Missis- i North Carolina and South Carolina. . radiata; District of Columbia.* rigida; District of Columbia and North Carolina. . serotina; Florida. | . taeda; Alabama, District of Columbia,* Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina and Texas. I} and II: On Elephantopus: FE. carolimianus; Alabama, Arkansas, District of Columbia,* oy oe ee SIp ES) motu ty Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and Texas. E. elatus; District of Columbia,* Georgia and Mississippi. E. nudatus; Florida. ; E. tomentosus; District of Columbia,* Florida, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina and Tennessee. COLEOSPORIUM CARNEUM Peridermium carneum (Bosc) Seym. & Earle, the aecial form of Coleosporium carneum (Bosc) Jackson (9) was first de- scribed and illustrated by Bose (5) in 1811 from a specimen on Pimus palustris from South Carolina. The description is meager and might apply to most any species of Peridermium on the needles of pine from South Carolina. The illustration, however, which Bosc gives is that of the form of Peridermium carneum found to infect species of Vernonia in our inoculations. Arthur in 1910 (2) first proved that Peridermium carneum belongs to Coleosporium carneum on species of Vernonia. In order to set apart the aecial form of Coleosporium carneum from that of Coleosporium elephantopodis, the following descrip- 5 Hosts or collections obtained from artificial inoculations in the green- house at Washington, D. C., are indicated here and later by an asterisk (*). 192 MycoLociIa tion is given of Peridermium carneum made from aecia on Pinus caribaea (25282) grown under similar and controlled conditions in the greenhouse at Washington, D. C., from, inoculations with sporidia from the telia of Ges e 8 vernomiae from Vernonia noveboracensis. Pycnia amphigenous, solitary to several, in a single extended row on each side of the needles chiefly the inner, on distinctly yellowed-chlorotic spots, salmon-orange to orange-chrome before and at maturity, orange-rufous to auburn or chestnut after maturity, 0.1-0.2 mm. wide, 0.6-1.4 mm. long, 0.4-1 mm. high, averaging 0.13 by 0.57 by 0.92 mm. Aecia amphigenous, solitary. to several, extended in a single row chiefly on the inner sides of the needles, flattened laterally, usually irregularly rectangular or truncate, occasionally irregu- larly triangular in side view, 0.4-0.9 mm. wide, 1.5-8.4 mm. long, 1.8-4 mm. high, averaging 0.7 by 3.3 by 2.6 mm.; peridia some- times vertically striate, rupturing longitudinally at the apex with irregular edges; peridial cells irregularly rhomboidal in cross section, usually considerably overlapping, 20-38 by+33-45 m, aver- aging 27 by 29m, with thick walls 4-8 in diameter, averaging 5.2m, the inner walls, sometimes the outer, verrucose with dense papillae 1-2 by 3-5 pw, averaging 1.7 by 3.8; aeciospores, obovoid to ellipsoid, 16-25 by 25-38 p, averaging 21.8-33.2, with walls often thickened at the apex, walls 3-9 thick, averaging 6m, the outer surface verrucose with tubercles.2-3 by 2-7, averaging 1.9 by 3-9». Coleosporium carneum (Bosc) Jackson has been found in the United States as follows, the data being taken from collections made by members of this office, chiefly by the senior writer: Ovand I. On eis. P caribaea; District of Columbia,* Fgh P. clausa; Florida. P. couliert; District of Columbia.* . P. echinata; Alabama, Arkansas, District of -Columbia,* Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas and Virginia. P. glabra; Florida. . mayriana,; District of Columbia.* nigra autriaca; Ohio. NU migra laricio ; Ohio. Hepecocx, Hunt, HAHN: COLEOSPORIUM tele i ky palustris ; Alabama, District of Columbia,* Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, North Carolina and South Carolina. P. ponderosa (P. scopulorum) ; District of Columbia, Ohio. P. rigida; Connecticut, District of Columbia, Maryland, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia and West Virginia. P. sabiniana; District of Columbia.* P. serotina; District of Columbia, * Florida, Georgia and Smith Carolina. , P. taeda; Alabama, Arkansas, District of Columbia,* Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, New Jersey, North Carolina, South Caro- lina and Virginia. II and III. On Vernonia: V. angustifolia; Florida. V. baldwinii; Arkansas, District of Columbia,* Mississippi and Texas. V. blodgettu; District of Columbia,* Florida, North Carolina and South Carolina. V. drummondt; Arkansas and Mississippi. V. flaccidifolia; Alabama, District of Columbia,* Florida, Georgia and South Carolina. V. gigantea; Georgia, Mississippi, South Carolina and Ten- nessee. V. glauca; District of Columbia,* Louisiana and Maryland. V. mterior; Arkansas, District of Columbia* and Texas. V. maxima; Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Ohio and Tennessee. V. noveboracensis; Alabama, Connecticut, District of Colum- bia,* Georgia, Maryland, New Jersey, North Carolina, Pennsyl- vania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia and West Virginia. V. oligantha; District of Columbia,* Florida and Louisiana. V. ovalifolia; Alabama. V. texana; Louisiana and Texas. V. tomentosa; Georgia and Louisiana. -Peridermium floridanum sp. nov. A new'leaf Peridermium was collected on Pinus palustris near Ocala, Florida, March 17, 1916, but with the aecia frayed and past mature. This rust was found again on the same trees, 194 2 MycoLocIa March 15, 1918. Hunt made inoculations March 27, 1918, with the aeciospores from the latter collection on 2 plants of Verbesina virgimca without result. Collections of the fungus in the same locality were made from different trees February 26 and 28, 1919, but no clues as to its alternate host were secured later in the year during the season for telia. This rust approaches Peridermium acicolum in its gross morphology but differs in the color and arrangement of the pycnia, and in the arrangement of the aecia on the leaves. It is here named Peridermium flori- danum Hedgc. & Hahn, with the following description: | Pycnia amphigenous, several, usually in a single row on the inner surfaces of the needles, on chlorotic spots, subcuticular, de- hiscent by a longitudinal slit, tawny to russet, 0.36—-0.8 mm. wide, 0.5-1.5 mm. long, I-3 mm. high, averaging 0.52 by 1.04 by 0.15 mm. : Aecia amphigenous, on chlorotic spots, usually in a single row on the inner surfaces of the needles, 0.48-0.68 mm. wide, 0.9—3.6 mm. long, 0.76—2.16 mm. high, averaging 0.58 by 1.8 by 1.42 mm. ; peridia flattened laterally, rupturing longitudinally at the apex with irregularly notched edges, peridial cells usually not over- lapping in one layer, occasionally two layers at the base; ovoid to ellipsoid or rhomboid, 17-32 by 32-78, averaging 22 by 53p, with walls 4-8 y, averaging 5.4m, the outer walls thicker, walls verrucose with crowded papillae 1-2 in diameter, 3-6, long, averaging I by 4.4 aeciospores obovoid to ellipsoid, 12-20 by 22— 38 u, averaging 17 by 29p, with walls 1-44 thick, averaging 3p, the outer surface verrucose with short tubercles, 1-3 » in diameter by 1-4 long, averaging 1.5 by 2.6m. This Peridermium has been collected only in Florida near Ocala on Pinus palustris as follows: in 1916, March 17 (specimens lost) ; in 1918, March 15 (25137) ; in 1919, February 26 (32129), February 28 (32150, type of species). PERIDERMIUM, INTERMEDIUM From 1914 to 1919, collections of Peridermium mtermedium Am. Auct: from the needles of Pinus echinata were made from Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee and Texas. These were used in 18 sets of experi- ments in which there were inoculated 192 plants of species of Hepccock, Hunt, HAHN: COLEOSPORIUM ho Aster, Chrysopsis, Coreopsis, Elephantopus, Euthamia, Heli- anthus, Ipomoeae, Pharbitis, Solidago, Verbesina, and Vernoma known to be susceptible to species of Coleosporium. In 9 of these experiments, plants of species of Vernonia only were in- fected; in one experiment, plants of species of both Vrnomia and Elephantopus; and in 8 experiments there was no infection. Control plants in each experiment remained free from infection. In our inoculations with sporidia from the telia of both Coleo- sporium elephantopodis and Coleosporium carneum trees of Pinus echinata were infected the following year, bearing aecia of the species used in inoculations, proving that this species of pine is a host for both species of Coleosporium. Of 54 collection of Peridermium imtermedium Am. Auct. on Pinus echinata collected by members of this office in Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee and Texas; nearly 40 apparently belong to Peridermium carneum and the remainder to Peridermium ele- phantopodis. Arthur and Kern (3) in 1906 described Peridermium inter- medium from specimens collected on the needles of Pinus echinata by C. H. Demetric at Perryville, Missouri. The description of the species agrees in part with that of Peridermium carneum and in part with that of Peridermium elephantopodis as given by us earlier in this paper based on specimens on Pinus caribaea grown from artificial cultures at Washington, D. C.. It is not wise. to assign the type collection of Peridermium intermedium at present to either of these species, since we have never had the oppor- tunity to section and examine aecia of the type collection. We have, however, sectioned and examined part of the exsiccati which had previously been examined and assigned to Peridermium intermedium either by Arthur or by Kern, which we:assign as follows: Collection by H. von Schrenk, Eureka Springs, Arkan- sas, May 23, 1906 (1101) belongs to Coleosporium elephanto- podis; collections in North Carolina by H. von Schrenk (1099) and C. D. Howe (0778). and ik, )P: Dale, Okay, Arkansas (15353) belong to Coleosporium carneum. There is always the possibility that any older collection may have two species inter- 196 : (MycorocrA mixed, and since we sectioned different aecia from those studied by Arthur and Kern, we may have.examined a different’ species. The following species of Peridermium are now known to occur on Pinus echinata, viz.: P. acicolum, P. carneum, P. delicatulum, P. elephantopodis, P. inconspicuum, P. tpomeae, and P. terebin-. — thinaceae, and the occurrence of more than one of these species on the same tree has often been noted by the senior writer. DATA ON THE PERIOD OF FRUITING IN FOLIICOLOUS SPECIES OF PERIDERMIUM ON PINE The period for fruiting among folticolous species of Peri- dermium on pine based upon the results of a large number of observations and experiments in infections is as follows: Infec- tions take place as soon as the telia are mature on the alternate host. This begins much earlier in Florida than farther north, since the aecia and telia both mature at least two months earlier in Florida than at Washington, D. C., and three months earlier than in the mountains of Pennsylvania and in regions farther north. .Aecia are mature in Florida from February toy wor amd telia from the middle of May to July or even later, varying with the species. Around Washington, D. C., aecia are found from April to June and telia from July to September or later. Inocu- lations with telia made at Washington, D. C., in September and October produce mature pycnia in two or three months and ma- ‘ture aecia on the same areas adjacent to the pycnia four to five months after infection. Asa rule, a second crop of either pycnia or aecia is not produced in artificial infections, but four instances of deferred fruiting, one with Peridermium acicolum, and three with Peridermium carneum have been noted, in which pycnia and aecia were formed the second year following the time of inocula- tion. In Florida, however, the senior writer has frequently ob- served both Peridermium carneum and P. ipomoeae on Pinus palustris, bearing a second crop of aecia on the margins of old infections which had borne aecia the previous year. New Hosts For SPECIES OF COLEOSPORIUM The following aecial hosts for species of Coleosporium are reported in this paper for the first time on species of Pinus: Hepcecock, Hunt, HAHN: CoLEOSPORIUM 197% C. carneum on P. mayriana.* C. delicatulum on P. coultert.* | _C. elephantopodis on P. canariensis,* P. contorta,* coulteri,* P. radiata* and P. serotima.* C. inconspicum on P. palustris at Styx, near Columbia, South Carolina. | -C. tpomoeae on P. serotina from Styx, South Carolina. C. solidaginis on P. coulteri.* C. terebinthinaceae on P. serotina, Clearwater, South Carolina. Peridermium floridanum on P. palustris, Ocala, Florida. | The following uredinial and telial hosts for species of Coleo- sporium are now reported for the first time in the United States: C. elephantopodis on Elephantopus elatus, District of Colum- bia, Georgia and Mississippi. C. hehantliae on Helianthus tomentosus and H. tuberosus, Virginia. C. ipomoeae on Pharbitis cathartica, Florida. C. lacimiariae on Lacimaria elegantula, Alabama; on L. gracilis, Florida; on L. lava, Florida; on L. squarrulosa, Arkansas, Geor- gia, and Tennessee; on L. tenuifolia, Florida. C. minutum on Adelia ligustrina, District of Columbia* and Florida. —C. ribicola, on Grossularia cynosbati, Wisconsin; on G. mno- minata* and G. reclinata, District of Columbia.* OFFICE OF INVESTIGATIONS IN ForEST PATHOLOGY, BuREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY, WASHINGTON, D. C. PUBLICATIONS CITED ‘1, Arthur, J.C. (Uredinales) Coleosporiaceae. N. A. Flora 7: 83-95, 1907. 2. Arthur, J. C. Cultures of Uredineae in 1910. Mycologia 4: 7-33, 1912. 3. Arthur, J. C., and Kern, F. D. North American Species of Peridermium. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club. 33: 403-438, 1906. 4. Arthur, J. C., and Kern, F. D. North American Species of Peridermium on Pine. Mycologia 6: 109-138, 1914. 5. Bosc, Louis. Tubercularia carnea. Mag. d. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 53:88, pl. 6, fig. 72, 1811. 6. Hedgcock, Geo. G., and Hunt, N. Rex. Notes on Some Species’ of Coleo- sporium. -Phytopathology 7: 68, 1917. ; 7. Hedgcock, Geo. G., and Hunt, N. Rex. New Species of Peridermium. Mycologia 9: 239-242, 1917. 198 ; Myco.ocia | | he 8. Hedgcock, Geo. G., and Long, W. H. The Aeccial Stage of Coleosporium elephantopodis.. Phytopathology Ts 06, 67 tia | 4 9. Jackson, H. S. The Uredinales of Delaware. Proc. Indiana Academy j Science for 1917, pp. 312, 313, 1918. 10. Rhoads, A. S., Hedgcock, G. G., Bethel, E., and Hart/ey C. Host rela- tionships of the North ety rusts, sthee than Coane erm, which attack conifers. Phytopathology 8: 3090-352, 1918. ] ; NOTAE MYCOLOGICAE, SER. XXIX Micromycetes Dakotenses et Utahenses a Doct. J. F. Brenckle Lecti et Communicati P, A. SACCARDO A. TELEOMYCETAE 1. ROSELLINIA AMPHISPHAERIOIDES Sacc. et Speg., Syll. I: 262, F. Ital. fig. 588 _ Hab. in ramis putrescentibus Ribis floridami, Kulm, N. D., Oct., 1916 (1205). Asci 100 X 7-8, stip. 20-26 longis; sporidia 1-sticha 17-21 X 7-8, fuliginea, senio longitrosum rimosa ut in Anthostomate taemosporo. Esse potest forma, a loco sub cortice relaxato, deminuta et deformata, Rk. mastoideae Sacc. 2. Rosellinia subsimilis Sacc., sp. nov. Peritheciis gregariis, subglobosis, minutis, nigris, glabris, r00- 180» diam. brevissime papillatis ; ascis filiformi-paraphysatis, cy- lindricis, subsessilibus, 89-90 X 5.5—6, 8-sporis; sporidiis oblique monostichis e Piindiaccs ellipsoideo-oblongis, saepius leviter in- aequilateris, utrinque rotundatis, 12-14 X 5-6, fuligineis. Hab. in ramis decorticates emortuis Crataegi sp. Whitestone Gully,t N. D., Nov., 1916 (1188). Affinis R: rimincolae LE sporidis A ooribus subcylindraceis, etc. \ 3. MELANOPSAMMA POMIFORMIS (Pers.) Sacc., Syll. I: 575 Hab. in ramis putrescentibus Corn stoloniferae. Whitestone Gully,1 N. D., Nov., 1916 (1185). Specimina immatura et non omnino certa. 4. DIDYMELLA EUPYRENE Sacc., Syll. I: 554 Hab. in caulibus putrescentibus Urticae gracilis, Ft. Douglas, irah, Majo, 1918 (53). 1 Whitestone Gully extends from and lies east of the U. S. Monument of “ Whitestone Battlefield’ in Dickey County. 199 200 MycoLociIA 5. DIDYMELLA EFFUSA (Niessl) Sacc., Syll. I: ee Hab.-in caule emortuo Artemisiae biennis, Kulm, N. D., Sept., 1914 (632). Forma ascis 60-70 X 7, sporidiis breviter fusoideis, 12-15 X 4, plasmate bipartito I-septatis, vix constrictis. 6. MELANOMMA MEDIUM Sacc. et Speg., Syll. II: 104 Hab. in ramis decorticatis putrescentibus Sambuci glaucae, Ft. Douglas, Utah, Apr., 1918 (70). Asci 90-100 & 14; sporidia disticha v. oblique I-sticha, tereti- oblonga, utrinque rotundata, 22-25 < 7-8, 3-septata, leviter con- stricta, dilute brunnea. 7, TEICHOSPORA SOLITARIA-Fllis, Pyr. N. Amer., p. 214, Cucur bitaria Ell. Syl, Ibs 22a. Hab. in trunco decorticato et intemperie indurato Atriplicis confertifohae, Grantville, Utah, Apr., 1918 (32). Valde affinis est T. ovythele Sacc. et Briand’ Syll) TX; 903) Berle he . 8. PLEosPoRA SHEPHERDIAE Peck., Syll. IX: 876 Hab. in ramis corticatis emortuis Shepherdiae argenteac, Whitestone Gully, N; Dy, Nov, 1918 (i892), 9. HypoxyLon EFFUSUM Nits., Syll. I: 379 Hab. ad ligna putrescentia, Fort Riley, Kans., Oct 1or 7 rors Phaeotrype Sacc., gen. nov. (Etym. quasi Diatrype phaeospora). Stromata pulvinata, erumpenti superficialia, nigra, ostiolis vix exantibus punctulata ; perithecia pauca monosticha, substantia dis- colori excepta. Asci breviter stipitati, octospori, aparaphysati (?). | Sporidia allantoidea, majuscula, atro-olivacea. Est omnino Dia- trype sed vere phaeospora. ‘ 10. Phaeotrype Brencklei Sacc., sp. nov. Stromatibus gregariis, subsuperficialibus, peridermii lacinitis basi cinctis, depresso pulvinatis, atro-nitidulis, 0.5 X 0.7 mm. Saccarpo: NotsaE MycoLocicarE 201 'diam., superficie levissime colliculosa et punctata; intus sordide albido, carnosulo ; peritheciis 8-10 monostichis, globulosis, 0.3 mm. diam., ostiolis punctiformis, obtusis, integris; ascis fusoideis previter stipitatis, 80-85 & 8-9, octosporis; sporodiis distichis allantoideis curvis, utrinque rotundatis; 16-17 X 3.5-4, atro-oliv- aceis, subnigricantibus. Hab. in ramis corticatis emortuis Rosae sp., Whitestone Gully, Beak, Nov., 1916 (1198). 11. Diatrype paurospora Sacc., sp. nov. Stromatibus gregariis, erumpenti-superficialibus, peridermo -cinctis, pulvinatis, nigris, duris, fragilibus, superficie colliculosis v. rimosis, I-2 mm, diam.; peritheciis paucis, globosis, 0.3 mm diam., substantia sorde grisea exceptis; ostiolis vix excedentibus | obtusis; ascis fusoideis, apice rotundatis, 35-40 * 7, subsessilibus, aparaphysatis (?), 2-4-sporis; sporidiis allantoideis, curvulis, utrinque rotundalis, 16 4-5, hyalinis, vix chlorinis, tunica crassiuscula. Hab. in ramis. corticatis emortuis Quercus utahensis pr. Ft. Douglas, Utah, Jan., 1918 (12). Imprimis ascis tantum 2-4- sporis distinguenda species. iwrwryPA SCABROSA ( Bull.) Fuck., Syll. I: r71 Hab. in ramis emortuis corticatis et decorticatis Amelanchieris almifoliae, Whitestone Gully, Nov., 1916 (1199). Pg). PUTYPA LEIOPLACA (Fr.) Cooke, Syll. 1:.170 Hab. in ramis decorticatis emortuis Amelanchieris alnifoliae, Whitestone Gully, Nov., 1916 (1182). Socia adest forma dimi- nuta Calosphaeriae Principis. Specimena Eutypae juvenilia et tune dubium-.an potrius Eutypam latam spectent. 14. EUTYPELLA SARCOBATI Ellis et Ev., Syil. XIV: 484 © Hab. in ramis corticatis Sarcobati vermiculati, Salt Lake pr. Grantville, Utah, Apr., 1918 (29). Superficiis ligni late mycelio atrata, hinc speciis ad Eutypam nutat. 202 MycoLocIa I5. VALSA CORNICOLA Cooke, Syll. I: 122 Hab. in ramis corticatis emortuis Corni stoloniferae, White- stone Gully, N. D., Nov., 1916 (1184). Est forma minor. 16. VALSA CINCTA Fr., Syll. Ts 142 Hab. in ramis corticatis Amelanchteris?, Whitestone Gully, , Nov: 1o1G, Givegayr 17. VALSA LEUCOSTOMA (Pers.) Fr. Sylli 1130 Hab. in ramis corticatis Pruni melanocarpi, Ft. Douglas, Utah, Jul., 1918 (85). Specimina non bene evoluta. 18. Chorostate utahensis Sacc., sp. nov. Stromatibus erumpentibus, prominulis pulvinatis, 1.5 mm. diam., nigricantibus; peritheciis numerosis, monostichis, 0.3 mm. diam., globosis, ostiolis punctiformibus, vix extantibus ; ascis cylindraceis apice rotundatis, ibique non v. vix lumine bifoveolatis, breviter stipitatis, 55-60 < 7.3-8, aparaphysatis, octosporis; sporidiis — oblique monostichis, oblongo-clavatis, curvatis, 12-14 X 3-6, ae tulatis, hyalinis, constricto-1-septatis. Hab. in ramis corticatis emortuis Quercus utahensis, Ft. Doug- las, Utah, Majo, 1918 (94). Affinis C. tetphaemae, differt spori- | diis curvis, loculo super crassiore rotundato, ascis: angustioribus, ~ ostiolis abbreviatis. 19. Diaporthe (Euporthe) Brenckleana Sacc., sp. nov. Peritheciis laxe gregariis, ligno immutato sed linea stromatica percurso immersis, globosis, 350-500 diam., contextu minute celluloso atro-olivaceoy ostiolis erumpentibus tereti-conicis parum extantibus; ascis fusoideis, apice rotundatis, 45-55 X 8-9, apare- physatis, octosporis; sporidiis oblique 1-stichis, cylindraceo-fusoi- — deis, utrinque rotundatis, 14 X 3.6, nace A4-guttulatis, hy- | alinis, leviter constrictis. Hab. in ramis corticatis, interdum superficie atratis, Cornt stoloniferae, Whitestone Gully, N. D., Nov., 1916 (1186). A D. crassicoli ostiolo ornino diverso, etc. secedit. Se wg = SaccArpo: NoTAE MycoLoGICAE 203 20. FENESTELLA MINOR Tul., Syll. Il: 326 Hab. in ramis corticatis emortuis Corni stoloniferae, White- stone Gully, N. D., Nov., 1916 (1194). Asci 100-120 X 10-12, p. spor. 80-85 » longa, plerumque 4-spori; sporidia 6—10-septato- muralia, 25-30 X 9-11, fuliginea; stromata valsea. 21. Lachnum crystalligerum Sacc., sp. nov. (mox endenda ) Hab. in ramis corticatis emortuis Rubi parviflort, Ft. Douglas, Utah, Jul., 1918 (81). Specimina non omnino matura. 22) PYRENOPEZIZA Rupi-(Fr.) Rehm., Syll. VIII: 361 Hab. in ramis emortuis Rubi strigost, Kulm, N. D., Sept., 1916 (1190). Be@rrici VINOSA=(A- et S.)./P.-Karst., Syll. VIII: 622 Hab. in lignis putridis pr. Anselm, N. D., Aug., 1916 (1072). 24. CENANGIUM FURFURACEUM (Roth.) De Not., Syll. VIII: 565 Hab. in ramis corticatis emortuis Ceanothi velutim, Ft. Doug- las, Utah, Apr., 1918 (39). Probabiliter haec species, sed speci- mina imperfecta et tune paullulum dubia. -25. Patinella Brenckleana Sacc., sp. nov. Ascomatibus gregariis, subsuperficialibus, scutellatis, applanatis, 0.7-I mm. diam., nigris, glabris, margine rectiusculo, acuto, disco plano intus flavido, epithecio vero grumoso, atro-fulvo; ascis tereti-clavatis, apice rotundatis, deorsum sensim tenuato-stipitatis, 70 X 11-12, octosporis; sporidis distichis, fusoideis, saepe leniter curvis, utrinque obtusatis, dilutissime flavidis, farctis; paraphy- sibus filiformibus, hyalinis. 7 Hab. in cortice Amelanchieris alnifoliae, Whitestone Gully, N. D., Nov., 1916 (1196). Affinis P. inquinanti a qua differt asco- mate 1 mm. lato, disco plano, sporidtis paullo minortbus, para- physibus aequalibus. 204 MycoLoGIa B,. DEUTEROMYCETAE 26. SPHAERONAEMA POLYMORPHUM Auersw., Syll. III: 185 Hab. in ramis corticatis Pruni melanocarpae, Ft. Douglas, Utah, Nov., 1917 (4). Dicitur status pycnid. Cenangellae ver- nicosae (Fuck.) Sacc. 27. DIPLODIA ABROTANI Fuck., Syll. Syll. III: 369 Hab. in caulibus emortuis Artemisiae abrotam, cultae, Kulm, N. D., Jan., 1917 (1207).. Sporulae ovato-ellipsoideae, 20-24 II, diu continuae (ut Sphaeropsis) denique obsolete I-septatae, sporophora interdum in pseudoparaphyses 20-30 X 1.5-2 hyalinas abeunt. 28. Septoria Lunelliana Sacc., sp. nov. Pycnidiis gregariis globoso-depressis, epidermide initio velatis, 1&0 diam. subastomis, dein late dehiscentibus et collabescenti- bus, extus nigricantibus; contextu fulvo-brunneo, celluloso; sporulis filiformibus, rectis v. curvulis, utrinque acutulis, 65-75 < 2.3-2.5, hyalinis, obsolete-3-septatis, guttulatisque. Hab. in foliis languidis expallentibus Caricis atrostachyae pr. Leeds, N. D., Jul., 1915 (J. Lunell, n. 1206). A Septoriis cari- ciolis praecipue pycnidiis contextu fulvescentibus, collabescebti- bus, sporulis aequalibus, obsolete 3-septatis dignoscitur. 29. Melanconium botryosum Sacc., sp. nov. Acervulis erumpentibus, gregariis, nigris, peridermio laciniato cinctis, ob conidia expulsa et compacta superficie colliculoso- botryosis (sphaeriae-formibus) ; conidiis copiosissimis, globosis. levibus, 7-8 » diam., ochraceo-fuligineis ; conidiophoris papillifor- muibus, exiguis ex hypostromate celluloso, ochraeo-fusco orien- tibus. Hab. in ramis corticatis emortuis Pruni melanocarpae, Ft. Douglas, Utah, Nov., 1917 (3). Typus singularis et vix Melan- conio proximus, probibiliter gen. nov. | 30. Steganosporium utahense Sacc., sp. nov. Acervulis gregariis, subcutaneo-erumpentibus, sed non praemi- nentibus, I mm. diam., primo peridermio bullato tectis, dein ab -SaccArpbo: NoTAE MycgLoGIcAE 205 eius laciniis pallidis cinctic, nigricantibus, subceraceis; conidiis polymorphis e globoso-angulosis, v. triangulis, v. gibbis, 24-31 pu diam., ex cellulis 3-10, botryoideo-conjunctis formatis, rufo-fult- gineis; conidiophoris paliformibus saepe I-septatis, subhyalinis, 28 < 8-9, ex hypostromate crasso distincte celluloso rufo-fusco oriundis. Hab. in ramulis corticatis emortuis Chrysothamni nauseost, Ft. Douglas, Utah, Apr., 1918 (27). Affine S. heterospermo Vesterg sed acervulis initio epidermide albida pustulata tectis, dein cinctis, conidiis non foedantibus, conidiophoris distinctis paliformibus, etc. dignoscitur. 31. DENDRYPHIUM NODULOSUM Sacc., Syll. IV: 490. Hab. in caulibus emortuis putridis Urticae gracilis, Nyland’s Grove, Lamoure County, N. D. (1181). Probabiliter Helmintho- Sporium imtersemmatum B. et Br. vix differt. 32. EPOCHNIUM ISTHMOPHORUM Sacc., sp. nov. (mox endenda) Hab. in caulibus emortuis Chrysothamni nauseosi, Ft. Douglas, Utah, Apr., 1918 (34). Genus Epochnium non tantum ad Diplo- coccium nutat sed et forte propius ad Bisporam. Conidia isthmo saepius connexa, usque ad 20-24 X II-I12. 33. CYLINDROCOLLA UrticaE (Pers.) Bon., Syll. IV: 674. Hab. in caulibus Urticae emortuis, Ft. Douglas, Utah, Majo, 1918 (54). Via Luca BELLvDdy1, 15, Papvova, ITALY. MONOGRAPH OF THE CORYNELIACEAE \ Harry Morton Frrzpatrick (WitH PLATES 12-18, AND TABLE I) The Coryneliaceae have not been critically investigated, and a monograph of the species of the world has never been prepared. Since the majority of the species occur only in tropical or sub- tropical regions they have been collected only occasionally. Con- sequently few even of the larger herbaria contain more than a meager representation of them. The present paper is based largely on material obtained through correspondence with students | of mycology in many parts of the world. The investigation was begun in the summer of 1917 at the New York Botanical Garden when the specimens in the herbarium there were examined. Sub- sequently considerable additional material has been obtained from other American herbaria, and from many foreign sources. Marked good fortune has been experienced in obtaining type and other authentic specimens for study. The original material of almost every species has been’examined. More than 130 speci- mens have been studied during the progress of the investigation, and the herbarium of the writer contains in excess of 80 numbers. Many institutions and individuals have cooperated in making available their herbarium and library facilities. The writer wishes especially to acknowledge his obligation to Doctor: W. A. Murrill, Doctor F. J. Seaver,-and™Wecteua, ae Barnhart of the New York Botanical Garden for their uniform courtesy and spirit of cooperation during his stay there. He is particularly indebted also to Professor W. G. Farlow, and Pro- fessor R. Thaxter who made available to him all the material in the herbarium at Harvard University. An excellent collection of twenty specimens from the herbarium of the Union Depart- ment of Agriculture at Pretoria, South Africa, was received from Miss Ethel M. Doidge. Additional interesting South African material was sent by Professor P. van der Bijl from the Natal 206 FITZPATRICK: MONOGRAPH OF CORYNELIACEAE 20.7 herbarium at Durban. Professor L. Romell mailed for examina- tion seventeen specimens representing all the collections of Cory- neliaceae in the herbarium of H. Rehm at Stockholm: He also forwarded from the herbarium of Sydow type material of Cory-_ nelia carpophila Syd., and C. clavata form macros pora syd., and sent,from the herbarium of the Royal Museum at Stockholm sev- eral valuable specimens including a portion of the original mate- rial of C. oreophila (Spegazzini) Starback. Mrs. Flora W. Pat- terson and Miss Vera K. Charles have made available all the material of the Coryneliaceae in the herbarium of the Bureau of Plant Industry at Washington, D. C., and Doctor Charles Fair- man has loaned for examination all the material in his herbarium er Lyndonville, N. Y. The writer is also indebted to Professor _L. Mangin, curator in the Museum d’ Histoire Naturelle at Paris for type material of Coryneliella consimilis Hariot & Karsten; to Professor N. Patouillard of Neuilly-sur-Seine for type material of Capnodium fructicolum Patoutllard; to Doctor A. D. Cotton of the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew for type material of Cap- nodium maximum Berkeley & Curtis, Sphaeronema subcorticale Cooke & Ellis, and Corynelia nipponensis n. sp.; to Professor Carlos Spegazzini for authentic material of Alboffia oreophila Spegazzini; to Mr. Elam Bartholomew of Stockton, Kansas, for type material of Corynelta brasiliensis n. sp.; to Professor F. L. _ Stevens of Illinois University for type material of C. clavata var. portoricensis Stevens; to Professor S. F. Ashby, Microbiologist at Kingston, Jamaica, for type material of C. jamaicensis n. sp., to Doctor H. D. House of Albany, New York, for type material of Calictopsis pinea Peck, to Professor O. Juel of Upsala, Swe-. den, for information concerning the type material of Corynelia uberata Fries and to Miss E. M. Wakefield of the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew for information concerning the type material of _ Corynelia tripos Cooke and a specimen labelled Mucor clavatus im” the herbarium’ of Linnaeus. Excellent material of. various eecies has also been received -from Professor G. Yamada, Morioka, Japan; Professor Elmer D. Merrill, Manila, Philippine Beenas; Frofessor F. J. F. Shaw, Pusa, India; Mr. John A. Stevenson, Rio Piedras, Porto Rico; Professor Otto A. Reinking, \ 208 3 MycoLoGIa 3 \ Los Banos, Philippine Islands; Mr. Edwin B. Copeland, Chico, California; Professor H. S. Jackson, Furdue University; Doctor ~ E.. W. Olive, Brooklyn Botanic Garden; and Professor. EH Whetzel, Cornell University. Through the courtesy of Mr. Percy Wilson, the writer was allowed to examine all of the mounted specimens of Podocarpus in the phanerogamic herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, and more than a dozen specimens of Corynelia which had been accidentally collected were found there. Professor A. J. Eames of ‘Cornell University examined in like’ manner all of the material of Podocarpus in the Gray herbarium at Harvard University and obtained several valuable specimens. A similar: search was made by Doctor S. M. Zeller in the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden, and by Miss Vera K. Charles in the herbarium of the National Museum at Washington, D. C. A considerable number of valuable specimens were obtained in this way and the writer wishes to express his appreciation of the aid given him in this search. All the possibilities known to the writer for obtaining material of the group for study have been exhausted, and he feels that no additional material, the examina- tion of which would contribute materially to the completeness of this paper, is available to him. Nevertheless it is probable that in those tropical countries in which fungi have been little studied, other species of the group will be discovered. It is hoped that the publication of this paper will stimulate the search for these forms. Finally the writer wishes to express his indebtedness to Professor H. H. Whetzel for the suggestion that the monograph be prepared, and for aid and encouragement given during the progress of the investigation. Thanks are also due to Mr. W. R. Fisher for the care taken in the preparation of the photographs which illustrate the paper, and to Mr. C. E. Chardon who, under the writer’s immediate direction, prepared the plate of drawings and the phylogenetic chart which occurs in the text. \ SYSTEMATIC RELATIONS OF THE CORYNELIACEAE The family Coryneliaceae was erected in 1891 by Saccardo (45) to embrace the two genera Corynelia and Tripospora. As orig- FITZPATRICK: MONOGRAPH OF CORYNELIACEAE 209 inally constituted it contained only two species, Corynelia uberata Fries and Tripospora Cookei (Cooke) Saccardo. The family diagnosis reads: “Perithecia coriacea, atra, lageniformia, ostiolo elongato, apice perforato, dein late infundibuliformiter expanso.”’ In 1895 Saccardo (45) included in the family the genus Cory- neliella represented by the single species C. consimilis Hariot & Karsten. Lindau (28) in his treatment of the Sphaeriales includes in the Coryneliaceae the three genera Corynelia, Coryneliella, and Tripo- spora, and states that each is monotypic. Subsequently, Sac- cardo (45) has recorded the discovery and description of several additional species of Corynelia. Lindau regards the family as closely related to the Cucurbitariaceae, and: emphasizes the fact that the two are alike in having the perithecia seated on a stroma. In his discussion of the Coryneliaceae, he states that the peri- thecium is flask-shaped with a long neck dilated at the apex and provided with a broad funnel-shaped mouth. The flask-shaped character of the perithecium is used by him to separate the Cory- neliaceae from the Cucurbitariaceae, the perithecium in the latter family being more or less definitely globose. It will be noted that both Saccardo and Lindau describe the perithecium as ostiolate, and as typical, therefore, of the Sphaeri- ales. Their statements in this connection are evidently based largely on the observations of Winter (55) on Corynelia uberata and Tripospora tripos. Cooke (8), however, ftom the examina- tion of material of Corynelia uberata was led to place the genus Coryneha in the Perisporiaceae between Capnodium and Anten- naria, and states that the perithecium is “wholly closed, hence without a mouth and irregularly split.” | The writer’s own observations show that the Coryneliaceae lack the typical ostiolum present in the Sphaeriales, and he sees no reason for regarding the group as closely related to the Cucur- bitariaceae. The perithecium on the other hand cannot be cor- rectly described as lacking a mouth or as irregularly split. In! all the known species of the perithecium in the young condition is wholly closed, but at maturity it ruptures at the apex in a definite manner. In certain of the species, which the writer believes to 210 MycoLocia represent the more primitive condition, the perithecium ruptures at maturity in such a manner that the apex becomes fimbriate- lacerate, the hyphal elements pulling apart and recurving to form a fringe about a funnel-shaped opening. In other species, which evidently represent a more specialized and higher type of develop- ment, the perithecium is definitely and deeply cleft at the apex. In some of these cases a single cleft is formed: in others, the apex of the perithecium splits in a radial manner, three or more definite lobes resulting. In Corynelia tropica a single deep cleft is formed accompanied by a more or less evident fimbriate-lacera- tion of the two lobes. This species possesses, therefore, an intermediate type of dehiscence. Since in several species of Corynelia the line of dehiscence follows wholly evident and promi- nent grooves which exist in the perithecium, even in the young condition, the type of dehiscence can certainly not be termed in- definite. At the same time the term ostiolum has not been ap- plied to an opening as large as that which results in this case where in some species the whole interior of the perithecium is exposed. It might be assumed that an approach to this condition is found in the Sphaeriales in the Lophiostomataceae where an elongated slit-like mouth is termed the ostiolum. In this case, however, the opening is absolutely definite and small and never enlarges to expose the interior of the perithecium as in some of the Coryneliaceae. Two species, Corynelia fructicola and Sorica maxima, embraced in this monograph were originally described as members of the genus Capnodium of the Perisporiaceae. They differ from other: species of this genus in their possession of a definite erumpent stroma and in the absence of aerial mycelium. Moreover the characters of their perithecia, asci, and spores indicate that they are closely related to the species embraced in the genus Corynelia. Nevertheless it is evident that not only the genus Capnodium but also certain other genera of the Perisporiaceae possess many char- acters in common with the Coryneliaceae, and it has become in- creasingly evident that the two groups are closely related. The species of Caliciopsis have not been previously considered as members either of the Perisporiaceae or the Coryneliaceae. They FITZPATRICK: MONOGRAPH OF CORYNELIACEAE PA: are, hawever, certainly closely ‘related to Sorica maxima, and this species in turn possesses so many characters in common with Corynelia fructicola that it cannot easily be excluded from the Coryneliaceae. The genera Sorica and Caliciopsis may perhaps be regarded as transition forms between the Perisporiaceae and the Coryneliaceae, but their possession of an erumpent stroma and the definite apical dehiscence of the perithecium makes neces- sary their inclusion in the Coryneliaceae as delimited in this monograph. The characters of their asci and spores indicate, moreover, a close relationship with the species of Corynelia. The Perisporiales are separated from the Sphaeriales chiefly on the basis of the difference in the method of dehiscence of the perithecium. Lindau (28) states that in the Sphaeriales the perithecium is provided with a definite ostiolum, while in the Ferisporiales there is developed either a more or less globose, cleistocarp perithecium completely inclosing the asci and at maturity irregularly dehiscent, usually through disintegration (Erysiphaceae, Perisporiaceae), or a shield-shaped, imperfectly developed perithecium in some species dehiscent at the center by a circular pore (Microthyriaceae). In some species of the Perisporiaceae, however, the perithecium dehisces more or less definitely at the apex either by a small number of radial splits forming prominent lobes or by the method of fimbriate-laceration characteristic of Caliciopsis, Sorica, Tripospora, and Corynelia fructicola. On the other hand a few species of the Chaetomi- aceae and Sordariaceae of the Sphaeriales fail to develop the usual ostiolum and dehisce irregularly. The most constant characteristic of the Perisporiales is the production of superficial perithecia on aerial mycelium. These fungi cannot be said to differ essentially in this respect, however, from the Chaetomiaceae or other lower groups of the Sphaeriales. Moreover in the Perisporiales the existence of such forms as Oidiopsis taurica (Salmon 46) shows that even in this group the mycelium is not necessarily always superficial. A consideration of all these facts concerning the method of dehiscence of the peri- thecium, combined with a comparative study of the general morphology of the fungi embraced in the Perisporiales raises the 212 MycoLociIa Nn question whether or not these forms really comprise a natural order. On account of the tropical distribution of many of the species our knowledge of the Perisporiaceae and Microthyriaceae is recognized to be very imperfect, and it may be safely assumed that further study will result in pronounced changes in their classification. It is possible that many of the species embraced — in the Perisporiaceae are more closely related to the Sordariaceae and other lower Sphaeriales than they are to the Microthyriaceae, many of which in turn might well be relegated to the Phacidiales. The genus Diplocarpon, as pointed out by Wolf (56) may indeed be regarded as furnishing a transition to this group. | The Sphaeriales, on account of their possession of a definite ostiolum may be assumed to be more highly developed than the Perisporiales. Still it is probable that they had their origin in fungi similar to the Périsporiaceae, and perhaps developed from these along several different lines. The Coryneliaceae as constituted in the present paper cannot be placed with entire satisfaction either in the Sphaeriales or in the Perisporiales as delimited by Lindau and other authors. The absence of superficial mycelium and the development of the peri- — thecia on an erumpent stroma render them unlike the Peri- sporiales, while the absence of a true ostiolum excludes them from the Sphaeriales. The problem is further complicated by the existence in the single genus Corynelia of two distinct types of dehiscence. In this connection it should be noted that although the more primitive of the two sorts of dehiscence has its counter- part in certain of the Perisporiaceae, the other and clearly more specialized method is wholly unlike anything hitherto described for any of the pyrenomycetes. A consideration of all the avail- able data in the light of the questions involved makés it evident that the grounds for the inclusion of the Coryneliaceae among the higher Sphaeriales in the neighborhood of the Cucurbitariaceae are wholly untenable. These fungi are clearly of an essentially different and more primitive type. They are probably more closely related to the Perisporiaceae than to any other group, and their development of a unique type of dehiscence indicates an ancient origin. FITZPATRICK: MONOGRAPH OF CORYNELIACEAE 213 he incorporation of the Coryneliaceae in the Perisporiales will necessitate some widening of the limits of this order, but this is probably at present the most logical disposition of the group. Since all the species lack aerial mycelium and bear their perithecia and pycnidia on an erumpent stroma, they differ essentially from the Perisporiaceae and clearly comprise a separate family. When the forms included by Lindau in the Perisporiaceae are more critically studied and the method of dehiscence in all of them is clearly understood, it is probable that the line of separation be- tween the two families can be drawn with greater definiteness than at present. INTER-RELATIONSHIPS OF THE SPECIES WITHIN THE FAMILY A comparative study of the various species in the family has led to some interesting conclusions concerning the phyllogeny of the group as a whole. It has also made clear the general line of development of the more highly specialized species from the lower more generalized ones. The accompanying chart gives in detail the writer’s conception of the evolution of these forms. Certain characters of the ancestral stock from which the Cory- -neliaceae of the present arose are easy to surmise. These ances- tral forms evidently resembled in many respects the fungi now included in Capnodium. ‘They had acquired, however, a pro- nounced tendency toward the parasitic habit, possessed internal rather than aerial mycelium, and bore their perithecia in a cespi- tose cluster on a definite erumpent stroma. We may assume also that the perithecium was elongated in form, probably definitely stalked, and that dehiscence was apical and of the type termed fimbriate-lacerate. The perithecium was further characterized by the absence of paraphyses and by the production of broadly ovoidal, long-stipitate, 8-spored asci with unicellular, spherical to oval spores. ‘The species of Caliciopsis regarded by the writer as the most primitive members of the group now extant, have departed from this type relatively little. Other members. of the family apparently somewhat less primitive in,type are Sorica maxima, Tripospora tripos, and Corynelia fructicola. These species have resulted from development alcng very different lines. he a if io aroma Corynelia Jamaicensis. Corynelia portoricensis. 4 [apex of perithecium typically [apex of perithecium typical! 3-lohed cee 3-5-lobed);asct Zobel nee ee sce typically 3-spored. } typically 3-spored.] Corynelia brasiliensis. (apex of perithe- clum wedge-shaped; asci 8-spored). apex of perithecium bi-lobed or tri-lobed; asci fewer than 8-spored, typically 3-Sspored. Eorynelia presiph i) a. (apex of perithe- cium 3-lobed;ascé . ty pecally 8-spored.) tendency toward few-spored aSeL, orynelia . apex hbi-lobed or occastonal- uberata. ly tri-lohed; ascié &-spored. apex of peritthecium (sp eg ed) Corynelia ruct@ Qpex Of Pe repeat cola (on Rapanea) Corynelia hbi-lobe 3; @SCL 8-spored. tropica. (dehiscence inlermed- Tyripospora Eorynelia iate in type;resultant tripes (spores bispora, lobes hecoming fimbriale) stellate). \(on Po ocarpus, Corynelia nipponensts. dehiscence of perithecium by one or more apical clefts, Spores F Sp erical., Lip of perithecium not hroad-)’ ened into a disk ;all species occurring on Fodocarpus. 0 a.subcorticalis. Stalk of perithecium Suppressed;spores spherical and thick-walled; many Spectes on Podocarpus. Sortca maxima cioides. (Perithecium proliferating). Deine SiS Sip. Poie ne prolifera ting). Predecessors of the Coryneliaceae. Mycelium internal;stroma erumpent; perithecia Super= icial, cespitose,elongated,stalked; dehiscence apical b f{imbriale laceration; paraphyses absent;asci long-slalked; | Spores unicellular, sub-spherica BASE a FITZPATRICK: MONOGRAPH OF CORYNELIACEAE Piles In Sorica maxima the perithecium ‘resembles that in Caliciopsis but has the ability to proliferate in a remarkable manner, a new perithecium being developed at the tip of the old. In Tripospora tripos and Corynelia fructicola the perithecium dehisces as in Caliciopsis and Sorica, but the long stalk of the perithecium 1s absent, and in form and habit the species more closely approxi- mate the more highly developed members of the group. These two species are remarkably similar in the general appearance of the perithecium, which is flask-shaped with a long, narrow neck dilated at the apex to form a broad, flat disc. They differ chiefly iieime: character Of their spores. The existence of the peculiar stellate spores in Tripospora tripos is difficult to explain. No other species in the family shows a tendency toward the develop- ment of this stellate character, the brown, oval or spherical spores being remarkably similar throughout the group. The occurrence of Corynelia fructicola on Rapanea and the occurrence of Tripo- spora tripos on Podocarpus is noteworthy. Since all of the other species of Corynelia occur on Podocarpus it seems logical to con- _ clude that the ancestral stock had become restricted to this host before the stellate spores of Tripospora appeared. Otherwise the occurrence of Tripospora on Podocarpus must necessarily be regarded as a coincidence. | The most primitive species in which dehiscence of the peri- thecium by an apical split occurs is probably Corynelia tropica. Corynelia uberata shows this type of dehiscence slightly more highly developed. In Corynelia tropica the apical split is accom- panied by fimbriate-laceration of the resultant lobes, the transi- tion to the more primitive condition thus being shown. Dehis- cent perithecia of C. bispora and C. nipponensis have not been seen, but the probable position of these species in the phyllogeny of the group as indicated by other characters is shown in the ac- companying chart. In none of these species is the apex of the perithecium lobed. ~ It may be safely assumed that a perithecium definitely lobed at the apex shows in this respect a more recent modification than one with the more usual rounded apex. Following the same line of reasoning we may assume that a definitely 3-lobed apex repre- 216 | MycoLociIA sents a more recent development than a similarly 2-lobed one. In any case these assumptions make it possible to explain very satisfactorily the inter-relationships of the four known species which clearly represent the highest type of development in the genus Corynelia. These species (C. oreophila, C. brasiliensis, C. portoricensis and C. jamaicensis) are restricted, as far as is known, to the Western Hemisphere, and in all of them the upper portion of the perithecium is marked on the surface by one or more prominent grooves along which dehiscence takes place. They constitute a definite group of closely related species, and ~ it is of interest to speculate concerning the character of the parent stock from which they arose. Here as in the more prim- itive species of Corynelia the asci were doubtless 8-spored. The perithecium was usually 2-lobed at the apex but occasionally a 3-lobed individual occurred. There was also the tendency for asci to occasionally bear less than eight spores, though this phe- nomenon was not common or pronounced. From this parent stock along one line C. oreophila arose by the increasing tendency toward the occurrence of 3-lobed perithecia.. This species as it exists today is characterized by 3-lobed perithecia, though an oc- casional 2-lobed individual shows the retention of the ancestral character. The asci like those of the parent stock are 8-spored though occasional asci contain a smaller number of spores. From the parent stock along a neighboring line C. brasiliensis arose by the development on the perithecium of a wedge-shaped apex. In all other respects this species is like C. oreophila. The occasional occurrence on the stroma among the typical perithecia of a few small, poorly developed individuals with 2-lobed and 3-lobed apices exactly like those of C. oreophila constitutes reversion to the ancestral condition. Along a third line C. portoricensis and C. jamaicensis arose from the parent stock by the increasing tendency for the asci to be few-spored. In C. portoricensis the form of the perithecium may be assumed to have changed relatively little. The majority of the perithecia are 2-lobed at the apex; a few are 3-lobed. The asci, however, have changed pronouncedly. The tendency seen in the parent stock for the number of spores in the ascus to de- FITZPATRICK: MONOGRAPH OF CORYNELIACEAE 217 crease has been carried here to such an extreme that the asci are typically 3- or 2-spored. Occasionally: 1-spored asci occur while less commonly asci with more than three spores are found. In C. jamaicensis similar conditions are found in the ascus, the tendency toward a I-spored ascus being carried slightly farther and asci containing more than three spores being rarer than in C. portoricensis. The perithcium in C. jamaicensis has how- ever changed also, the tendency in the ancestral stock for 3- parted perithecia to occur having been intensified here until 2- lobed individuals are no longer found. Moreover there is evi- dent the tendency for occasional 4-lobed or even 5-lobed apices to appear, the change in the perithecium thus being even more pronounced than in C. oreophila, the species which C. jamaicensis most closely resembles externally. A study of the known geo- graphical distribution of these four species is also instructive. The two species in which the 3-spored ascus is typical have been reported only from the West Indies, while the two species with typically 8-spored asci are continental having been found only in South America and Central America. On account of the high specialization both in’ the ascus and in the peritheciumy)C. - jamaicensis is to be regarded as representing the highest point of development in the group. Host RELATIONSHIPS The writer has attempted to determine whether or not the various species of Corynelia have become restricted to definite species of Podocarpus. The amount of material available for study has, however, been insufficient to warrant definite conclu- sions. ‘Nevertheless the following facts should be recorded. The ‘writer has studied material from twenty-one different species of Podocarpus and in only two cases has a single species been found to serve as a host for more than one species of the Cory- neliaceae. Both Tripospora tripos and Corynelia uberata have been found on Podocarpus elongata, while Corynelia oreophila and C. tropica occur on P. chilina. In both of these cases the fungi are however of relatively distant relationship. Closely related species have not been seen on the same host. Moreover 218 MyYcoLoGiIA a single species frequently occurs on several species of Podo- carpus. Four hosts have been noted for C. oreophila, four for C. tropica, and seven for C. uberata. Since the genus Podo-~ carpus contains a very large number of species and the writer’s material of the Coryneliaceae is doubtless relatively limited, the above facts may, however, be found to explain themselves on the basis of coincidence. SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT CORYNELIACEAE Saccardo, Syll. Fung. 9: 1073, 1801 Corynelieae Sacc., in Berlese et Voglino, Additamenta Sylloge Fungorum, p: 193. 1886, Fungi typically parasitic (two little-known species, Caliciopsis subcorticalis and C. calicioides, described as saprophytic) ; stro- mata formed beneath the epidermis of the host from. internal mycelium, later erumpent,. black, coriaceous to carbonaceous, sharply demarcated, plane to pulvinate, usually small and scat- tered, rarely confluent ; perithecia seated on the stroma or slightly buried in it, usually cespitose, black, elongated (flask-shaped, barrel-shaped, clavate, top-shaped, etc.), sessile or stipitate; apex — either rounded and undifferentiated or variously sulcate and lobed, in some cases flattened into a broad disc, never possessing a typical ostiolum, at maturity dehiscent by a definite, wide open- ing resulting either from the formation of one or more clefts or by fimbriate-laceration; asci broadly ovate, very long-stipitate, thin-walled, evanescent, I-8-spored, aparaphysate; ascospores spherical to oval or in one species stellate; asexual spores, uni- cellular, elongated to allantoid, hyaline to slightly yellowish, borne in pycnidia which usualy accompany the perithecia on the stroma. KEY TO GENERA - A. Ascospores spherical to oval. 1. Perithecium definitely stalked. a. Perithecium not undergoing proliferation to form a second peri- thecium. at the apex of the first..) ¢e 2a. ec eee 1. Caliciopsis. b. Perithecium proliteratine<'s .2)s.esles eee eee , +2. SOMCA. 2. Perithecium” not. definitely sstalked™. 388. - 1896. ILLUSTRATIONS: E. & E. North American Pyrenomyeetes fl. Be gs. 15. Type: Herb. Cooke, No. 2743, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Portion of this deposited in Fitzpatrick herbarium as No. 1738 (Figures 37, 38) Mycelium apparently saprophytic in the cortical tissue of oak; stromata small, approximately 0.3 mm. in diameter, scattered, usually hidden in the crevices of the bark, bearing a cespitose cluster of pycnidia and perithecia, the perithecia protruding at maturity from the crevices in the bark as minute, slender, black spines ; perithecium glabrous, dull to shiny, reaching 1.5 mm. in length, when young probably coriaceous and white within, in age or in dried specimens becoming brittle and easily broken away, consisting of a long stalk, a median or sub-apical enlargement containing the ascigerous cavity,® and a terminal beak; the en- _ largement sub-cylindrical-vesiculose, 200-325 » long and reaching .150p in lateral diameter at the middle, sometimes laterally col- lapsed as in C. pimea but not inclined to one side as frequently happens in that species; the stalk long, slender, 80-125 u in diam., cylindrical, straight to flexuous, swollen at the point of attach- ment to the stroma; beak of approximately the same diameter as the stalk, occasionally attenuated toward, the tip especially when young, in some perithecia exceeding 500 in length, traversed by a narrow canal; the apex ih immature stages sharp-pointed, closed, at maturity becoming minutely fimbriate-lacerate, and having a reddish-brown, fuzzy appearance, finally dehiscent, the terminal hairs spreading apart and forming a fringe around a definite opening; asci ovate to clavate, 12-15 X 7-Qp (nD. sp.). spores ellipsoidal to oval or globose, 3-4 K 4-5; pycnidia ap- proximately 100 broad; pycnospores 2.5-3.5 uw long. 3In the specimen of E. & E. N. A. F. 2nd seriés No. 2123 in Professor Thaxter’s herbarium at Harvard University one abnormal and unusually long perithecial stalk was observed which had developed a half-dozen lateral buds, apparently containing ascigerous cavities. 224 MycoLoGIA Found by. Ellis at Newfield, N. J., on loosened pieces of bark, on dry, decaying oak limbs lying on the ground. Reported by Rehm (41). from Heidelberg, Germany, on the young, lower branches of oak. Only the American material has been ex- amined by the writer. In the present state of our knowledge ~ there is no reason to assume that the species is parasitic. The material distributed by Ellis* bears on the label of the packet the statement that the fungus is parasitic on old Dichaena strumosa Fr. on Quercus coccinea. An examination of the specimen leads the writer to feel that the presence of the Dichaena on the bark is merely incidental, and that there is no reason for assuming that the Caliciopsis is parasitic on it. The label accompanying — the type material makes no reference to a parasitic condition or to Dichaena. Moreover Ellis makes no such reference in the published descriptions of the species (9, 10, 11). Only a very small amount of material has been available for examination, and the writer has not seen the species in nature. In as far as he is aware only the two collections made by Ellis at Newfield, N. J., in 1877 and 1883, are known for America: Rehm (41) discusses this species under the name cee ephemera (Zwackh) Rehm, though stating that he examined North American material? of Hypsotheca subcorticalis and found it to be identical with Calicium ephemerum Zwackh.® Since the description of Sphaeronema subcorticale C. & E. antedates that of Zwackh (57) by five years, it is clear that the specific name applied by Zwackh cannot be maintained. Rehm, however; states that Zwackh in his description of Calicuwm ephemerum cites Stilbum rugosum Fries and Coniocybe Beckhausii Koérber (26) as synonyms. The papers of Zwackh and Ko6rber are both unavailable to the writer, but according to Rehm, Korber failed to find asci in Coniocybe Beckhausii. A citation of the place of publication of Stilbum rugosum Fries is not given by Zwackh (57), Rehm (41), or Saccardo (45), and apparently an error has occurred in the publication of this name. Professor O. Juel states in a letter to the writer that no specimen bearing this 4E.& E. N. A. F. 2nd series No. 2123. 5 Lichenes exsiccati No. 477. aoe FITZPATRICK: MONOGRAPH OF CORYNELIACEAE 225 \ name exists in the herbarium at Upsala, and that a careful search fails to disclose the use of the name in any of the writings of Fries. In the present state of our knowledge neither Stilbum rugosum Fries nor Coniocybe Beckhausu Korber can logically be included in the synonomy of the species here described. Although the writer has not seen a specimen of the material of Calicium ephemerum distributed by Zwackh,®? the name is in- cluded above in the synonymy because Rehm has seen this material. and has pronounced it identical with the American specimens distributed by Ellis. » MATERIAL EXAMINED Herb. Cooke, No. 2743 (type collection of Sphaeronema sub- corticale C. & E., Royal Botanic Gardens Kew; fragment of this preserved.as Fitzpatrick Herb. No. 1738); Ellis and Everhart, N. Am. Fungi, 2nd series, No. 2123 (Underwood Collection at N. Y. Bot. Gard.; also in Herb. R. Thaxter at Harvard: Univ.). Ba. CALIctIopsis PINEA Peck, Ann. Rept. N. Y. State Mus. Nat. Ielisew33). 32: -p1. 2. figs. TI-15. 1880, and in Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 9: 62. pl. 24. figs. 8-12. 1882 Calicium stenocyboides Nylander, Flora 65: 451. 1882. Cyphelium stenocyboides (Nylander) Arnold, Lichenes Mon- acenses Exsiccati, No. 417, 1895. Caliciopsis stenocyboides (Nylander) Rehm, in Rabenhorst Kryptogamen Flora 1°: 389. figs. I-4. 1806. _ Ityusrrations: Peck, Ann. Rept. N. Y. State Mus. Nat. Hist. aa. pl. 2. figs. Ti-15; Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 9: pl: 24. figs. S—12; Rev. Mycol. 4: pl. 20. fig. 7; Rehm in Rabenhorst Kryptogamen Plora 1°: 383. figs. I-4 wives: In the are onebeck vat Albany, N. VY. Maternal of original collection also in herbarium at New York Botanical Garden. Both specimens. studied by writer, and permanent slides showing mature asci, ascospores, and pycnospores de- posited in his herbarium as No. 1688. 226 MyYcoLoGia (Figures 33, 34, 48) Mycelium parasitic® in the trunk and branches of pine, causing the formation of sharply delimited, depressed areas (cankers) in the cortical tissue; these cankers frequently several inches in diameter and characterized by a smoother surface and more reddish color than the surrounding bark; stromata numerous, more or less definitely circular, scattered over the canker, several occasionally confluent, minute, scarcely visible, each entirely covered with a cespitose cluster of pycnidia and perithecia, 0.5— 1.0 mm. in diameter, occasionally smaller bearing only one or two fruit-bodies ; pycnidia usually preceding the perithecia, but both often found on the same stroma; perithecia appearing to the naked eye as fascicles of black spines arising from the surface of the bark; perithecium glabrous, dull to shiny, reaching 2 mm. in height, when young white within and coriaceous, in age or in dried specimens becoming brittle and easily broken off, long- stipitate, the ascigerous cavity developed within a terminal urce- olate swelling which at maturity is frequently laterally collapsed, and curved or inclined to one side, resembling strikingly the capsule in certain mosses (genus Hypnum); occasionally the apex of the stalk forked and bearing two or even three terminal ascigerous swellings; the stalk long, reaching 1600p, - slender, 100-140 in diam:, cylindrical, either straight “or dennitels curved to one side, not flexuous, swollen at the base; the peri- thecium reaching almost its full length before the terminal ascig- erous swelling is formed, and in immature stages appearing as a sharp-pointed spine of uniform diameter; the terminal enlarge- ment at first clavate, 4oop long X 175-275 wide, closed; at maturity the apex of the swelling becoming fimbriate-lacerate and assuming the reddish-brown, fuzzy appearance seen in sev- eral other members of the family, finally dehiscent, the terminal tuft of hairs spreading apart and forming a fringe around a definite opening ; asci ovate, 12-17 X 5-8 (p. sp.), spores ellip- soidal to ovoidal or globose, 3.5-6 & 2-4; pycnidia 100-150 p; pycnospores 2.5-3.5 long. ; Parasitic® on Pinus strobus in eastern North America, ' Found on P. rigida in New Jersey by Ellis, and reported from Ger- many by Rehm (41) on Pinus pumilo and on fir. The material on Pinus pumilo . distributed’ by Arnold’ under the. name Cyphelium stenocyboides has been examined by the writer and is 6 The statement that. the species is parasitic is based wholly on field obser- vations on Pinus strobus, and is not yet supported by artificial infection ex- periments. f | . 7 No. 417 Lichenes Monacensis exsiccati. FITZPATRICK: MONOGRAPH OF CORYNELIACEAE Te identical with American material of Caliciopsis pinea. No ma- terial on fir has been seen by the writer, but Rehm reports its col- lection on this host at Heidelberg. One of the specimens® cited by Rehm (41) has been unavailable to the writer and probably contains the material collected on fir. MATERIAL EXAMINED New York: type material collected at Charlton by Chaceeck fume elierb.~Albany,-N. Y.; also ins Herb: N. Y. Bot. Gard.) Witzpatrick. Herb: Nos. 1664, 1665, 1660, 1726, and 1739 (material collected at various points near Ithaca). New Jersey: Herb. C. E. Fairman No. 2004 (material collected Apr. 1889 at Newfield by Ellis on Pinus rigida; other material Ore same eollection\ in Ellis Herb. at..N. Y.. Bot.),; another specimen in Ellis Herb. collected by him at Newfield, Dec. 12, 1881, probably also on Pinus rigida. . Massachusetts: Material‘ collected at Manchester by W. C. Stur- piece mooo. (Ler, C. E. Fairman No. 2002, and three Packers ae. Y. Bot. Gard: labeled “ex. Herb. Seymour’”’) ; material collected by Sturgis at Manchester, Nov. 1888 (two packets at N. Y. Bot. Gard: labeled “ex. Herb. W. G. Far- low”); material collected by Sturgis at Manchester, Dec. 8; foe Bete HN Am. Funer No.’ 2382°in Herb. C. E. Fair- magmerand at N. Y'-Bot: Gard:): Pennsylvania: Herb. Fitzpatrick No. 1792 esa collected at Stone Valley; June 12; 19260): Wermont’ Herb, C.'G. Pringle No. 300 ‘(in’ Herb. W. G.' Farlow eaarvacd Univ, in Peck :Herb.’ Albany, N. Y¥!, and Fitz- patrick Herb. ‘No: 1741). Material collected ‘by Pringle at - Charlotte. | | Germany: ‘Arnold, Lich: Monoc. Exsic. No. 417 (in Herb. Harv- -ard' Univ.) on Pinus Cee: 2, Secs ee sanisen. Ber. Deut.. Bot. Gesell.;,.223;, 191-196. | bl ih 2.2 LG0A | tie Saccardo;::Sylt. Fung. 17: °62t. « 1905 (Syllv' Fung. : 74. 1882;:as subgenus’). ; 8 vy. Zwackh-Holzhausen, Lichenes exsiccati No. 686. 228 MycoLoGIA Type species, Capnodium maximum Berk. & Curt. Stromata, black or dark-brown, formed within the living leaves of the host, later erumpent, bearing pycnidia and peri- thecia; perithecium black, coriaceous, very long-stalked, the ascigerous portion clavate, tapering into a long, beak-like neck traversed by a canal; apex at first closed but at maturity fim- briate-lacerate, a definite opening finally resulting; proliferation of the perithecium taking place after the escape of the asco- spores, the stalk of a second perithecium arising as a continua- tion of the, beak-like neck of the first and emerging from the opening at the tip of the beak; the second perithecium long- stalked and in every way identical with the first; by the repeti- tion of this phenomenon as many as five perithecia formed in linear series; two perithecia occasionally arising from one open- ing, a definite fork thus being formed; asci ovate, very long- stalked, thin-walled, evanescent, 8-spored,' aparaphysate; asco- spores spherical to sub-ellipsoidal, thin-walled, brown, unicellu- lar; pycnidia borne on the stroma among the perithecia, sessile < or ene stipitate, globose, black; pycnospores hyaline, fusiform, unicellular. | Resembling Caliciopsis in asci, ascospores, pycnidia, and pycno- spores, and differing from that genus essentially only in the possession of the phenomenon of proliferation. The method of dehiscence of the perithecium is identical with that found in Caliciopsis, Tripospora tripos, and Corynelia fructicola. The subgenus Capnodiella of the genus Capnodium Mon- tagne was erected by Saccardo (45) to include the single species Capnodium maximum Berk. & Curt., which differs from other members of the genus.in having unicellular ascospores. Later the subgenus, still containing the single species, was raised by him (Saccardo 45) to generic rank. Meanwhile Giesenhagen . (15) studied material of the same fungus, and failing to recog- nize it as Capnodium maximum, founded the genus Sorica upon | it. He named the species S. Dusenu but later (16) having learned of his error, changed the name to S. maxima (Berk. & Curt.) Giesenhagen. The genus Sorica is placed by him in the Sphaeriaceae-Phaeosporeae of Saccardo, though he regards it as of doubtful relationships. He suggests the possibility of includ- ing it in the Xylariaceae or in the Ceratostomataceae. Von FITZPATRICK: MONOGRAPH OF CORYNELIACEAE 229 Hoéhnel (21) includes Capnodiella in his enumeration of the genera of the Capnodiaceae, but subsequently (22) states that the genus is in reality a member of the Coryneliaceae. He feels that it is closely related to Corynelia, differing from that genus chiefly in the long stalk of the perithecitum. Finally Stevens - (49) describes the fungus as new under the name Corynelia pteridicola Stevens. The writer has examined several collec- tions of this fungus, and agrees with von Hohnel and Stevens that the species should be included in the Coryneliaceae, but he feels that it differs sufficiently from all the known species of Corynelia to warrant its exclusion from this genus. The genus orca is therefore recognized for it. ' Patouillard and Gaillard (35) state that the species is closely: related to Capnodium arrhizum Pat. & Gail., a fungus found by Gaillard in Venezuela on dead leaves lying on the ground.: All the material of the original collection of this latter species was deposited in the herbarium of Gaillard, the collector. Patouillard has written to the writer stating that he has never had material of the species in his own herbarium, and that he\does not know what became of the herbarium of Gaillard after the latter’s death. The original material of Capnodium arrhizgum must be considered, therefore, as unavailable if not actually lost. A study of the figures and : description given by the authors of the species, has convinced the writer, however, that this fungus is very different from Sorica maxima, and clearly not a member of the Coryneliaceae. I. SORICA MAXIMA (Berk. & Curt.) Giesenhagen, Ber. Deut. Bot. Gesell. 22: 355-358. 1904 Capnodium maximum Berk. & Curt., Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 10: | Bou”, 1869, -Sorica Dusenii Giesenhagen, Ber. Deut. Bot. Gesell. 22: 191- MOG. Pl. T3.-1904. | Capnodiella maxima (Berk..& Curt.) Saccardo, Syll. Fung. 17: G21: 1905. | Corynelia pteridicola Stevens, Illinois Acad. Sci. Trans. 10: 179- 13%. fg. 6. 1017. 230 72) Mycorocrn ILLUSTRATIONS: Giesenhagen,:Ber,, Deut. Bot) Gesell 22297 I3..- 1904; Stevens, Ill. Acad. Sci. Trans. 105) fig=Ganenen, Type: im the herbarium of Berkeley, at the Royal) borante Gardens, Kew, England; co-type material in the herbarium of Curtis. at Harvard University. Both of these have, been ex- amined by the writer, and a portion of the type‘is deposited in his herbarium. (Figures 30-32, 49) Mycelium parasitic in the leaves of the host, localized, confined ~ to a small area surrounding the point of infection, forming a definite stroma within the host tissue; stromata in some collec- tions of material scattered irregularly over the leaf, in others confined to the sori, the general appearance of the fungus on the host in the two cases consequently very different; the stroma Oe ee ‘She 5 = ar oe = ae ae eee eee ee when formed in the sorus not well-developed, buried from sight ~ below the mass of host sporangia, not spreading to the other — host tissues, usually not forming a spot in the leaf, and never observed to result in its perforation ;.perithecia arising as black bristles among the host sporangia and radiating in every direc- tion; stromata when formed in other portions of the leaf erum- ~ pent, usually hypophyllous, at first minute, gradually increasing in area, the central portion soon falling out, leaving only the opposite epidermis or more often a complete perforation; the hole thus formed in the leaf reaching 3-4 mm. in’ diameter, sur- P rounded by an annular or ring-shaped stroma, less than I mm, in width, and of-the thickness of: the leaf or slightly thicker; stromata from the first bearing numerous pyenidia and_pert- thecia; later when the hole appears in the ‘leaf the perithecia forming a ring of bristles around the perforation and arising © from the annular stroma on both the upper and lower surfaces; perithecium shiny to dull, 1-1.5 mm. long, stalk 35-50 thick, the ascigerous portion glabrous, 125-150 in diam. X 250 in length, tapering into a glabrous beak-like neck, 200-350p long; stalk frequently hairy with brown hyphae; asci 15-17 K 10, (p. sp.), ascospores 5-6 X 4-5; pycnidia covered with brown hairs like 7 those on the stalk of the ‘perithecium:; pycnospores T1-24 X 4u. © Parasitic on Polypodium (Campyloneurum) phyllitidis, Pi punctatum, P. crassifolium, P. Schomburghianum and probably — other species in Cuba, Porto Rico, San Domingo, Brazil, Ecua- dor, Venezuela, and probably other neighboring countries: Giesenhagen (15) states that the brown hairs which clothe the pycnidium and the stalk of the perithecium are conidial bearing * sh 2 ksi WS: = Se Ee = ze pwnd us na Tae FITZPATRICK: MONOGRAPH OF CORYNELIACEAE 231 and he figures a cluster of very minute conidia at the tip of one of these hairs. His observations have not been corroborated by the writer. Seven specimens of this fungus have been examined by the writer. In five of these the fungus occurs exclusively in the sori; in the other two, sori are absent and the stromata are scat- tered irregularly over the leaf. The general appearance of the fungus in the two cases is different, but the perithecia, asci, and spores are identical. Giesenhagen saw both forms of this species and suggests that the fungus more often occurs in the sorus be- ease the outer wall of the epidermal cells of this structure in the young condition is thin and permits of easy penetration, while fie eiticle covering the other cells offers greater resistance. He states that when the stromata are formed on the leaf outside of the sori they border wounds caused by biting insects. The obser- vations of the writer and those of Stevens show that the holes in the leaf are caused by the advance of the fungus rather than by the biting of insects, and infection apparently occurs on the un- injured epidermis.) ihe condition or age of the host at the time of infection probably determines the type of tissue attacked. It seems best in the present state of our knowledge to regard all the material as representing one species. It is of interest to record that the type material of Berkeley shows the fungus in the sori, while the original specimens upon which Stevens based his de- scription of Corynelia pteridicola show the annular stromata scattreed over the leaf surface. MATERIAL EXAMINED Porto Rico: Herbarium University of Illinois, Porto Rican Fungi No, 3551 (material cited by F. L. Stevens as the type of Cory- nelia pteridicola; communicated by him). San Domingo: Herbarium of the Experiment Station of the Board of Commissioners of Agriculture, Rio Piedras, Porto iste, No. rozia (material: collected April 7,-1913. by: J. R. Johnston at La Romana, communicated by J. A. Stevenson, and deposited as Fitzpatrick Herb. No. 1528). Cuba: Fungi Cubenses Wrightiani No. 786 (type material of Capnodium maximum B. & C. from the herbarium of Berkeley, Daa MycoLocIa Kew, England; also co-type material from the herbarium of Curtis at Harvard University). Brazil: Rehm, Ascomycetes No. 1817 (in herb. New York Bot. Gard.; also in herb. C. E. Fairman)” See age ier 7; 128: 1900, Ecuador: Herbarium.of Patouillard (collected by Sodiro at Puente de Chimbo; communicated by Patouillard). 3. TRiposporaA Saccardo, in Berlese et Voglino, Additamenta. . Syll. Fung. p. 194. 1886 Type species, Corynelia tripos Cooke. Stromata black, pulvinate, amphigenous and _ caulicolous, rounded to elongated, formed within the host tissue, later erum- pent, not irregularly scattered, arranged definitely in rows and becoming confluent, bearing compact clusters of perithecia; peri- thecium flask-shaped with a globose to ovoidal ascigerous portion seated on the stroma and a long, cylindrical neck, which in the young condition is rounded at the apex and closed; at maturity the apex of the neck flattening into a disc which aces. fimbriate- lacerate; finally the margin of the disc recurving to give a wide Panne showed opening; asci as in Corynelia, ovate, long-stalked, thin-walled, evanescent, 8-spored, aparaphysate; ascospores very — characteristic, star-shaped, consisting of 4 (rarely 5) conical, sharp-pointed projections radiating from a rounded central por- tion, hyaline when young, becoming dark-brown, at maturity opaque and nearly black, thick-walled, unicellular. Differing from Corynelia chiefly in the shape of the spores. The general appearance of the perithecium is oe similar to that of Corynelia fructicola. I. TRIPOSPORA TRIPOS (Cooke) Lindau, in Engler und Prantl, Die Nattirliche Pflanzenfamilien 17: 413. 1897 Corynelia tripos Cooke, Grev. 8: 34. 1879. Tripospora Cookei (Cooke) Saccardo, in Berlese et Vostino Additamenta Sylloge Fungorum, p. 194. 1886. ILLUSTRATIONS: Winter, Ber. Deut. Bot. Gesell. 2: figs. 7-3; Lindau, in Engler und Prantl, Die Naturliche Pflanzenfamilien Dee iG S. 20D merge | Type: in herbarium of Cooke at Kew, England, Miss E. M. Wakefield has compared the type with the specimen of No. 3150 ——— FITZPATRICK: MONOGRAPH OF CORYNELIACEAE Doo Rabenhorst-Winter, Fungi europaei at Kew, and states that they are the same, the latter being in fact co-type material. The writer has seen material of this exsiccati number in four differ- ent herbaria, and the accompanying photographs and drawings Were made from that in the herbarium at Cornell University. (Figures 22-25, 44, 45) -‘Stromata bearing a compact cluster of perithecia, 0.5-1.5 X 0.5 mm., not irregularly scattered, arranged definitely in rows and becoming confluent; these rows reaching sometimes a length of 10 mm. (15-20 mm. acc. Winter 55), but usually shorter, several rows frequently formed on the surface of one leaf; peri- thecia occurring on the stroma in a compact cluster of 2 to 16 (usually 4-8, and on isolated stromata radiating toward all sides, so oriented when the stromata form a row that they point to the left and right, the appearance of the fungus thus becoming regular and very beautiful; young perithecium definitely flask- shaped, with a roughened, spherical to ovoidal, ascigerous, basal portion and a long, cylindrical, enous, shiny neck which is rounded at the tip and blunt; the neck of the perithecium in early _ stages provided with a tapal and marked at the apex with a minute umbilicus, but closed; in later stages the apex of the beak flattened to form.'a slightly convex disc, the diameter of which equals that of the ascus-bearing portion of the perithecium; this disc becoming fimbriate-lacerate, and assuming a reddish-brown, fuzzy appearance, finally definitely dehiscent, the margin recurv- ing, exposing the lighter colored inner wall of the neck of the perithecium and resulting in the formation of a broad, funnel- shaped cavity, the center of which is usually filled with a black ‘mass of spores; immature asci, 30-35 X 40-60 (p. sp.), mature asci containing opaque spores not observed; ascospores 22-34 pu in diameter (measured from tip to tip of adjacent projections). Parasitic on the leaves and green parts of the stem cf Podo- carpus elongata and P. Thunbergu in South Africa, and of P. Lamberti in Brazil. Not known to the writer on other hosts or from other localities. The species has long been known from South Africa and is not uncommon there. It was collected in Brazil by Ule and recorded by Rehm (42). The material from Brazil available for examination differs from the South African material in having a slightly larger, rougher, and longer-necked perithecium. In other respects the two are alike. 234 | MycoLociIa Winter states that on account of the apaqueness of the mature ascospores it is not possible to determine whether the conical projections are cut off by septa from the rounded central portion. The writer has seen no indication of the presence of septa, and regards the spores as unicellular at all stages. MATERIAL EXAMINED Cape Province, S. Africa: Rabenhorst-Winter, Fungi europaei No. 3150 (co-type: one specimen in herb. Plant Path. Cornell Univ., two in herb. New York Bot. Gard., one in herb. Rehm, Stockholm, Sweden); Union Department of Agric., Myco- logical herb. No. 7355 (communicated by Ethel M. Doidge). Natal, S. Africa: herbarium Fitzpatrick No. 1563 (col. Miss A: V. Duthie, communicated by Doctor van der Bijl of Berea Durban). Brazil, S. America: herbarium Rehm Nos. 1744 and=1747.( cou Ule at Serra Geral, communicated by L. Romell of Riks- museum, Stockholm, Sweden; fragment and slides preserved “in Fitzpatrick Herb. as. No. 1579). (To be concluded in the September number) EXPLANATION, OF PLATES PLATE 12 Corynelia portoricensis Fig. 1. Clusters of perithecia on leaves of Podocarpus coriaceus. X 2%. Fig. 2. A cespitose cluster of perithecia arising from a single stroma. Various stages in the dehiscence of the perithecium are shown. X It. Fig. 3. Two clusters of mature but unruptured perithecia. Near the center of each cluster a single trilobed individual occurs. XX 11. Rip Nation gta) Fig. 4. Corynelia brasiliensis. -$/. 20), fos, wise2) . Persoon, C. H. Synopsis Methodica Fungorum. 95. 1801. . Pirotta, R. Osservazioni sopra alcuni funghi.' Nuovo. Giorn. Bot. Ital., 2123137) 3ude DOGOE . Rehm, H. Calicieae; in Rabenhorst Kryptogamen Flora, 3: 382-414. 30 figs. 1806. Beitrage zur Pilzflora von Stidamerika. Hedw.,37: 321-328. figs. I-16. 1808. ‘ \ Ascomycetes exs. fasc. 27, Beiblatt zur Hedw., 39: 192. 1900. atts 2 44. - AS. 56. 57- FITZPATRICK: MONOGRAPH OF THE CORYNELIACEAE 267 Ascomycetes Philippinenses III. The Philippine Journal of Serence,. C. Botany, 8: 402.' 1913. eaceardo,) F. A. Sylloge Fungorum, 1: 74. 1882; 3: 732. 1884; 8: Pegaeote TSS: O: Adit, 1073.2 1891r;°10: 72,..°18962; I: 385. -1895; TOR "O5O;> 1902717: 621. 1905; 22: 513. 1913. . Salmon, E. S. On Oidiopsis taurica (Lév.), an endophytic member of the Erysiphaceae. Ann. Bot., 20: 187-200. PUSH Tite Td GOO: . Spegazzini, Carolo. Fungi Argentini novi v. critici. Anal. Mus., Nac. Bs. As.,-6: 295, 296. ' 1808. . Starback, Karl. Ascomyceten der schwedischen Chaco-Cordilleren Ex- peauwsiom, | Arkiv: for Botanik, 5: 18—20.! pl. 2, figs: 13, 4. 1905. . Stevens, F. L. Porto Rican fungi, old and new. Trans. Ill. Acad. Sci., MGs 176—UoL. jigs. 5, '6. ‘191%. . Sydow, H., and P. Fungi in Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Zentral-Afrika-Expedition 1907-1908 unter Fiihrung Adolf Friedrichs, Herzogs zu Mecklenburg II]. 100. 1910, Fungi africani novi. Engler Botanische Jahrbticher, 45: 264. IQIO. . Sydow, H., and P., and Butler, E. J. Fungi Indiae Orientalis III. Ann. Mycol., 9: 406.:: 1911. . Thunberg, Carl P. Prodromus Plantarum Capensium, Quas in Promon- torio Bonae Spei Africes Annis 1772-1775. Collegit. 176. r8oo. Flora Capensis, Sistens Plantas Promontorii Bonae Spei Africes, Secundum Systema Sexuale Emendatum, Redactas ad Classes, Ordines, Genera et Species Cum Differentiis Specificis, Synonymis et Descrip- ’ tionibus. ed. Il, 743: 1823. . Winter, G. Concerning the genus Corynelia. Ber. Deut. Bot. Gesell., 2: 120-123. figs. 1-8. 1884, Wolf, F. A. The perfect stage of Actinonema Rosae. Bot. Gaz., 54: 218-234. pl. 13. 1912. v. Zwackh-Holzhausen, Wilhelm. Die Lichenen Heidelbergs, nach dem Systeme und den Bestimmungen Dr. William Nylander’s. 81. 1883. PENICILLIUM SPICULISPORUM, A NEW ASCOGENOUS FUNGUS S. G. LEHMAN (WiTH PLATE 19) The organism herein described first ‘appeared in cultures fron: rootlets of apparently healthy cotton plants taken from a field in Anson County, N. C. In making the original cultures shori pieces of rootlets were first washed, then treated with 50 per cent. solution of alcohol, rinsed in sterile water and placed into tubes of steamed rice. Some three or four weeks later the original cultures were observed to contain a fungus which had formed great numbers of perithecia of the type belonging to the Asper- gillaceae. When ascospores from these perithecia were planted in potato glucose agar in petri dishes, white spreading colomies - developed producing, first, a sparse crop of penicillate conidial fructifications and later, perithecia identical with those in the original cultures. The structure of the condial fructifications places this fungus definitely im the genus Peniculium, and a comparison of its morphological and cultural characters with those of other species of this genus as given in descriptions pub- lished by Saccardo (1), Lafar (2), Engler and Prantl (3), Thom (4), Sopp (5), Sartory (6) and Sartory and Bainier (7-10) shows it to differ from any of these in one or more important features. It is, therefore, described as a new species and since the walls of the ascopores bear minute spines, it is designated Penicillium spiculisporum. / Work with this fungus. has shown that perithecia are produced in abundance on a wide variety of media without special cultural methods, a character rendering improbable the assumption that anyone could have cultivated this fungus without having ob- served them.. This habit of abundant and continued perithecial formation coupled with sparse conidial production, a character not at all usual to species*of Penicillium, is possessed in common 268 LEHMAN: PENICILLIUM SPICULISPORUM 969 by P. luteum Zukal (11), P. avellaneum Thom and Turreson (12)- and the species herein described. Its morphology, the pro- ° duction of transient yellow color in limited areas on certain media, and the general production of yellow associated with perithecia on potato plugs seem to place P. spiculisporum in the luteum-purpurogenum series as defined by Thom (1). DESCRIPTION OF THE ORGANISM Conidia sown on potato or bean agar and kept at 28° C. germinate in great numbers within ten hours by first swelling, then putting out one to three tubes (Fig. 18). These hyphae rapidly branch, and, by the end of 48 hours, form a growth easily visible to the eye. From these centers low spreading colonies develop with white floccose surface consisting of aerial mycelium bearing a sparse crop of conidiophores as short lateral branches. The mycelium is hyaline, septate, branched, often forked at the apex, 2-3.5 in diameter (Fig. 1-3). Numerous _perithecial initials may appear within two weeks, giving the sur- face a granular appearance. White is the predominating surface color, but this may change to cream, yellow or pinkish as the perithecia mature. The yellow color is often transient, fading again to white or cream. Infrequently in tube cultures, portions of the surface are made to appear gray by a profuse development - of conidia. Conidiophores are short, 10-50 by 2-2.5p, usually 14-204 long, and bear a single verticel of three to five conidiiferous cells (Figs. 9-12). Occasionally there are only one or two or as many as six conidiiferous cells in a verticel (Fig;-5-8). Fre- quently the conidiophore produces a side branch bearing a single chain of conidia (Fig. 13) or, less frequently, it may carry at its summit two metulae each of which bear verticels of three to five conidiiferous cells (Fig. 14). If the conidial fructification oc- cupies the end of an aerial hypha, the conidiferous cells may be loosely disposed over a distance of 40-50 back from the apex meio. 15). Conidiiferous: cells are 11-16 long by 1.8-2.5p in diameter at the thickest part, the distal third of each cell tapering to.a AAW MycoLocia sterigma of half this diameter (Fig. 7-9). Conidial chains may attain a length of 85 pn, easily break apart in water mounts and do not form columns. Conidia are ovate, elliptical or globose, 2.5-4p by 1.8-2.5m in six-day old drop cultures, have smooth walls and appear hyaline under the microscope (Fig. 16, 17). However, when they form in profusion, as infrequently happens in small areas, the surface appears gray with a faintly perceptible shade of green or brown according to the density of the growth. They swell and produce one to three tubes in germination. If cultures on steamed rice and potato plugs in tubes, or on potato- and bean-glucose agar in petri dishes, are kept at 35 de- grees Centigrade, great numbers of perithecia will be found de- veloping at the end of two weeks. If crushed mounts are made at the end of 20 days, great numbers of asci and ascospores may be found in all stages of development. Perithecia are at first white, and may remain so; but, within thirty days, the color may have changed so that white, cream, pink and yellow shades may appear, all of which may be present in the same culture. The yellow is often transitory, fading again to cream or white. ‘Perithecial formation begins with the twisting together of the ends of two or more hyphae to form a knot (Fig. 16); Other hyphae grow out from and weave around this knot, gradually enlarging it and forming a white hyphal gnarl. When this gnarl has nearly attained mature size, the cells of the hyphal branches within swell and are transformed to asci (Fig. 23-28). When this process of development is complete, the perithecial cavity is found to be closely packed with ascospores, the delicate ascus walls and all hyphae having entirely disappeared. Perithecia are spherical, except when crowded, 0.4-2 mm. (mostly 0-5.1 mm.), indehiscent, with a peridium consisting of three parts: a thin inner layer of closely woven hyphae, a thick middle layer of loosely woven threads, and a very narrow outer layer (Fig. 20-22). The hyphae constituting the middle layer and the outer- most layer of the peridium are of less diameter than those com- posing the innermost layer and the ascogenous center. Asci are globose, elliptical, or pyriform, 7.2-10.8 by 6.3-7.7 n, hyaline, 6-8-spored, the walls disappearing as the spores mature LEHMAN: PENICILLIUM SPICULISPORUM Dal (Fig. 30-34). Ascospores are ovate to elliptical, 25-4 by 1.8-2.8, with walls bearing minute spines (Fig..35). The spines are visible only under oil immersion, and then to best advantage when the spores have been treated three to five minutes with alcohol carbol fuchsin as if staining bacteria. Only about one per cent. of the ascospores have germinated on any of the various media used. Fig. 37 represents a colony grown from a single ascospore on beef peptone agar kept at 28° C. for 48 hours. At 72 hours, this colony had attained a diameter of 675» and had developed a few conidiophores with chains of six to ten spores. Penicillium spiculisporum sp. nov. Coloniis in agaro Solani tuberosi vel Phaseoli cultis, albis, rare instabiliter: sulphureis, floccosis, extendentibus incerte; re- verso albo aut cremeo. Conidiophoris sparis, ex hyphis aereis orientibus, 10-50 X 2-2.5pm, usitate unum verticillum 1-6 basidiorum vel rare I-2 metulorum vel basidiorum et metulorum gerentibus ; basidiis I1-16m x 1.8-2.5m, contractis ad apices; conidiis ovatis, ellipticis vel globosis, hyalinis vel pallide glaucis in massa, 2.5-4 X 1.8-2.5p, levibus. Peritheciis abundantibus, -globosis, primo albis, diende cremeis vel sulphureis, citrinis, flavis vel luteis, 0.4—2 mm., nondehiscentibus, peridiis non parenchy- maticis, ex tribus ordinibus hyphorum, compositis ; ascis globosis, ellipticis vel pyriformis, 7.2-10.8p X 6.3-7.7, hyalinis, 6-8 sporis; ascosporis ovatis, ellipticis, hyalinis, spinulosis, 2.5-4 pu xX 1.8-2.8. Coloniis gelatinam nonliquifacientibus. Odore nullo. Aeris temperatione optima 33-35° C. Culturae ex Gossypio her- Baccano “ison Co., N.C.,U. 5. A. @uULTURAL. CHARACTERS Potato agar, good growth, spreading colonies with low, white, floccose surface; glucose or saccharose added, vigorous growth, many perithecia formed; surface white or transiently yellow, reverse white to cream. Potato plugs, vigorous growth soon forming a dense mat of white mycelium, and, later, numerous white, cream and yellow perithecia. | Bean agar, same as for potato agar but somewhat less vigorous. ne MycoLocia Beef peptone agar, colonies remain small, surface velvety with conidial fructifications arising from immersed hyphae. Steamed rice, good growth, numerous white, cream, pinkish or yellow perithecia within 30 days. Fifteen per cent. gelatin, sparse growth, not liquidified in 30 days at 28°) €. Milk, very little, if any, growth. Czapeck’s solution agar (nitrogen omitted) to which the fol lowing substances were added: Saccharose 3 per cent., poor growth, no perithecia. Glucose, 3 per cent., poor growth, no perithecia. Maltose, 3 per cent., good growth, many sulphur colored perithecia at 14 days, reverse faint cream. Lactose, 3 per cent., very poor growth, no perithecia. Galactose, 3 per cent., good growth of rapidly spreading colo- mies, few sulphur colored perithecia at 14 days. Glycerin, 3 per cent., good growth, many cream-colored peri- thecia at 14 days, reverse white and cream. 7 Armour’s peptone, 3 per cent., poor growth, no perithecia, re- verse cream. Armour’s peptone, 3 per cent., and sacchatese; 40 penucent., vigorous growth forming a dense mat of mycelium, few pert- thecia, surface floccose and gray. with conidial fructifications, re- verse dark cream. Asparagin, poor growth, saccharose added, weeny good growth, many small perithecia. Urea, no growth. Potato starch, fairly good growth, many small perithecia. colonies surrounded by a wide circle of clear media from which the starch has been dissolved by an enzyme. Butterfat, very poor growth. Temperature relation: On bean- or potato-saccharose agar growth is slow at 20° C., good at 28, optimum at 33-35, good at 40. Color: White is the predominating surface color; however. when conidia form in profusion, as infrequently accurs in small areas, or over the entire surface when certain substances are LEHMAN: PENICILLIUM SPICULISPORUM 2DId\= added to the substratum, the surface appears gray with faint shades of green and brown. Other pigments are associated with the perithecia. These bodies are at first white, and may remain ‘so indefinitely, but very often they become cream, pinkish or some shade of yellow. All these colors may be present in a single tube of steamed rice. The yellow varies in shade from sulphur through lemon-yellow to yellow and may deepen to golden-yellow in our cultures (13). Yellow is often transitory and erratic coming on comparatively few, if any, perithecia of a given rice culture, and usually fading to cream or white within a week or infrequently deepening to golden yellow. On potato plugs yellow is less transitory and more certain to develop. The reverse of petri dish cultures is often cream in color and pink is frequently seen in small mycelial areas in rice tubes. AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENTAL STATION, West RateicH, N. C. REFERENCES 1. Saccardo, P. A. Sylloge Fungorum. 2. Lafar, Franz. Handbuch der Technischen Mykologie, 4: 219-234. 1906 ° 3. Engler, A., and Prantl, K.. Die Natiirlichen Pflanzenfamilien. Teil 1, Abteilung, 1: 304-306. 1897. 4. Thom, Charles. Cultural Studies of Species of Penicillium. U.S. D. A. Bor: Animal indus. Bull. 118. toro. 5. Sopp, Johan-Olson. Monographie der Pilzgruppe Penicillium mit Be- sonderer Berucksichtigung der in Norway Gefundenen Arten. Skrifter utgit Videnskapsselskapet i Kristiania f. 1912, I Mat.-Nat. Cl. 1. Band, Nie hCrisiiania 1912: 208 pages 23 Taf., 1 Textfig. : 6. Sartory, A. Etude d’un Penicillium nouveau, P. Gratioti n. sp. Annal. Mycol. Il: 161-165. pl. 9. 1913. 7. Sartory, A., and Bainier, G. Etude d’un Penicillium nouveau, P. Herquei Dt sp: Bul. Soca Mycole Erance, 28) 120-126, plo. 7. +1912, 8. Etude de deux Penicillium nouveaux producteurs de pigments. Bul. Soc. Mycol. France, 28: 270-280. pl. 13. 1912. 9. Etude morphologique et biologique des deux Penicillium nou- veaux (espéces thermophiles). Bul. Soc. Mycol. France, 29: 367-377. LOr 3: 10. Etudes morphologique et biologique d’un Penicillium nouveaux, iaummetciar mn. sp. Annal..Mycol., 11: 272-277. pl. T4. 1913. 11. Thom, Charles. The Penicillium Luteum-Purpurogenum Group. Myco- lOPia Ge 134-142. fig. I. 1916. . 12. Thom, Charles, and Turreson, G. W. Penicillium avellaneum. A New Ascus-Producing Species. Mycologia, 7: 284-287. fig. 1-3. 1915. 13. Saccardo, P. A. Chromotaxia. Tabellae Colorum, 18094. ee MycoLociIa EXPLANATION OF PLATE 19 All drawings were outlined and as many as possible of the details put in. with the aid of the camera ludica. The reduced magnification can’ easily be calculated from the scale given with each group. ; Figs. 1-3. Hyphae showing nature of contents, septation and manner of branching. ; Fig. 4. Sketch of fructifications. Figs. 5-15. Conidiophores showing various types of fructifications found in potato glucose agar plates. Fig. 16. Conidia grown in starch agar plate. Drawing made from water mount. Fig. 17. Conidia grown on potato glucose agar. Drawing made from material stained with alcoholic carbol fuchsin and mounted in balsam. Fig. 18. Conidial germination in a 20-hour old potato glucose agar cul- ture at 28° C. Fig. 19. Beginning stages in perithecial development. Fig. 20. Microtome section of a cluster of perithecia grown on steamed rice. The letter “a” locates the inner, “bd” the middle and “c” the outer. layers of the peridium. Fig. 21. Microtome section of small perithecia grown on potato glucose agar in petri dish. 5B) Fig. 22. The portion marked “+” of Fig. 21 much more highly magni- fied. Note the character of the peridium and the clusters of ascospores among the fertile hyphae. | Fig. 23. Swollen hyphae from the center of a young perithecium. Figs. 24-29. Asci and hyphal attachments. Figs. 30-34. Asci containing ascospores. ; - Fig. 35. Ascospores highly magnified. Note the spines on the walls. Drawing made from spores stained with alcoholic carbol fuchsin.and mounted in balsam. Fig. 36. Ascospores germinating in a 24-hour old culture of beef peptone agar. kept.at%28° C. Fig. 37. Camera lucida sketch of 48-hour old colony on beef petone agar. This colony grew from an ascospore. tgs gees ai VOLUME 12, PLATE I9 MYCOLOGIA \ a EB, 9) J Me PENICILLUM SPICULISPORUM LEHMAN | at A va * ate SOME USTILAGINEAE OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON GEORGE L. ZUNDEL INTRODUCTORY STATEMENT No special effort has previously been made to list the Ustilag- ineae of Washington. Scattered through literature, however. there are a fairly large number of reports of smuts from Wash- ington. It would be hard to find another state where more ideal conditions for mycological study exist, especially for the study of smuts and rusts. The state has an area of 69,180 square miles and a coast line of 1,860 miles, together with a varied topography and a climate ranging from one warm enough to raise figs to that of a very frigid character, and a variation of rainfall from less than 5 inches to over 130 inches, the fungous flora of the state is naturally varied. Of the botanical collectors who have worked in the state a large proportion have found smuts. Among them are W. N. Suksdors, David) Griffitiiths, T. E. Wilcox, E. R. Lake arid W. R. Hull, J. S. Cotton, R..M. Horner, C. V. Piper, R. K. Beattie. For the last five years the Plant Disease Survey of Washing- ton, under the direction of Dr. F. D. Heald, has added to the ‘smut collections of the state. Mr. W. N. Suksdorf has, perhaps, contributed most to our,knowledge of Washington smuts, Huis collecting has been confined, however, to small areas, in Klickitat and in Skamania Counties, so that there are still counties in the state from which not a single smut has been reported. Mr. _ Suksdorf has also collected on Mt. Adams (Mt. Paddo, used by Suksdorf, is the old Indian name for Mt. Adams). SourCcE OF MATERIAL The smuts reported in this list represent material from a num- ber of sources. (a) References taken from literature but no specimens ex- amined. 275 276 ) Myco.ociIa (b) Specimens examined from various herbaria. (c) Specimens sent to the author mostly by W. N. Suksdorf. (d) Material in the herbaria of the department of botany and of the department of plant pathology of the State College of Washington. A number of these collections were found by reference to the “Parasitic Fungi of the Northwest” by Martin, now in process of publication. (e) The author’s own collection. Where no credit is given it is the author’s own collection. The writer has used the nomenclature of Clinton as it appears in North American Flora. | List oF SPECIES Arranged alphabetically for Genus, Species, and Host. CINTRACTIA CARICIS (Pers.) Mag. Abh. Bot. Ver. Prov. Brand., 37: 79. 1896. On Carex geyeri, Mt. Adams (Mt. Paddo), Wash. Sept. 21, 1899 (W. N. Suksdorf, No. 554). . On Carex sp., Mt. Adams (Mt. Paddo), Wash. Aug. 11, 1885 (W. N. Suksdorf, No. 1388): | CINTRACTIA SEYMORIANA Mag. On Panicum crus-galli, Bingen, Klickitat Co., Wash. Oct. 3, 18904 (W. N. Suksdorf, No. 404). This name is now considered as a synonym of Ustilago ' crus-galli, DOASSANSIA ALISMATIS (Nees) Cornu. Ann. Sci. Nat. VI. 15: 285. 1883. On Alisma plantago, Columbia River, W. Klickitat Co., Wash. May 23, 1884 (W. N. Suksdorf No. 165 as per letter of Jan. 13, 1920, from Dr. G. P. Clinton); Pullman, Whitman Co., Wash. Aug. 20, 1894 (Piper, No. 278, W.. S. ©. Herbarium), DOASSANSIA MARTIANOFFIANA (Thiim) Schrot. Krypt. Fl. Schles., 3: 287. 1887. On Potamogeton gramineus, Falcon Valley, Klickitat Co., ‘Wash. Aug. 1885 (W. N. Suksdorf No. 205 as per letter from Dr. G. P. Clinton of Jan. 13, OZO))* ENTYLOMA ARNICALE El. & Ev. Bull. Torr. Bot: Club, 22: 57. 1895. Type collected in Skamania County, Wash.—on leaves of Arnica chamis- sonis, 1891. Other collections on leaves of Arnica cordifoha, Latah County, Idaho, July 1893 (C. V. Piper No. 122). | ENTYLOMA COMPOSITARUM Farl. Bot. Gaz., 8: 275. 1883. On Amsinkia intermedia, Waitsburg, Walla Walla Co., Wash. May 28, 1900 (Horner, No. 1468—W. S. C. Herbarium). On Erigeron elatus and E. solsuginosus (North American Flora, 7: pt. 1, Dp. 02)),, SPACELOTHECA REILIANA (Kithn) Clint. Jour. Myc., 8: 141. 1902. On Zea mays—z2o0 acre patch north of Wash. State College, Pullman, / ZUNDEL: ,USTILAGINEAE OF WASHINGTON 207 Whitman County, Wash.—4o per cent. infection mostly in tassel, Sept. 12, 1919 (Zundel and Williams). On Wash. State College Farm, Oct. 1919 (Dana): SPACELOTHECA SORGHI (Link) Clint. Jour. Myc., 8: 140. 1902. On Sorghum sp. (cultivated), Forage nursery Washington State College, Pullman, Whitman Co., Wash. Sept. 10, 1915 (Heald and George C. S. No. BeoiemVvakima, Yalima-Co., Wash.’ Oct. 10, 1918. (E. €. Scott, I. S. No. 1708); near Chelan; Chelan Co., Wash. Summer 1918. DIELETIA, ASPERIFOLIA El, & Ev. Jour. Myc., 3: 55. 1887. On Sporobolus asperifolius, Rockland, Klickitat Co., Wash. June 3, 1905 (W. N. Suksdorf No. 998); Yakima, Yakima Co., Wash. Aug. 1895 (Watt, Mrs. ©; ierbarium). TILLETIA ELYMI Diet. & Hol. Bot. Gaz, 19/305... 1804. On Elymus sp., Skamania Co., Wash. Aug. 13, 1886. Type collection (W. N. Suksdorf No. 336). TILLETIA FOETENS (B. & C.) Trel. Par. Fungi. Wis. 35. 1884. Collected on Triticum sp.—in Thurston Co., Grays Harbor Co., Island Co., and Lincoln Co., Wash. Summers of 1918-1919. The one sample from Lincoln County in 1919 is the only one known to have been collected in Washington, east of the Cascade Mountains. ioe nOScAn iol: & -Ky.. P. B. I..Bull., 38: 43. 1903; Jour. Myc.,;-3: 55. 1887, On Festuca microstachys and F. octaflora, 25 miles north of Prosser, Benton Co., Wash. Summer 1903 (David Griffiths). Fully three-fourths of all plants had been destroyed by the smut; Rattlesnake Mountains, Yakima Co., Wash. June 18, 1901 (J. S. Cotton in Flora of Yakima Region, 1901). TILLETIA GUYOTIANA Har. Jour de Botanique, 1900: 117. 1900. Syn. Thecophora guyotiana Har. Mem. Soc. Acad. de l’Aube, 1887: 195. 1887. Sori replacing ovaries, somewhat flexible. Spores enmasse reddish-brown, spores yellowish, clear, globose, roughly elliptical, very elegantly reticulated, 19-25 m diam.” On Bromus hordaceus glabrescens, (a) Wedgewood Bros. Farm, Goldendale, Klickitat Co., Wash. Aug. 12, 1919 (Zundel & Cooney). Elevation 2200 ft. (b) Three miles west of Goldendale, Klickitat Co., Wash. Aug. 12, 1919. Elevation 1900 ft. (c) South end of Trout Lake, Klickitat Co., Wash. Aug. 13, “1919. (d) White Salmon, Klickitat Co., Wash. Aug. 13, I919. (e) Staker’s Canyon, Klickitat Co., Wash. Aug. 14, 1910. (f) Seven miles east of Dixie,.Walla Walla Co., on the foothills of the Blue Mountains. Sept. 28, 1919 (Zundel & Patton). So far as the writer has been able to ascertain this is the first time that this smut has been reported from North America. Plants were found that were smutted with both Ustilago bromivora and Tilletia guyotiana. It is very abundant on the foothills of the Blue Mountains of Washington and all over Klickitat County, Wash.. It is very inconspicuous and not easily found unless one knows exactly what to look for. The writer first found his specimen 278 MycoLoGIA when opening a gate for County Agent Cooney of Klickitat Co., when going into a wheat field. A piece of brome grass was picked and the kernel smashed. A dark dusty mass fell into his hand and a careful examination resulted in the finding of this smut. TILLETIA RAUWENHOFFII Fisch. de Wald. Apercu, p. 50. ° Syn. Tilletia holci (West) Rost. Danish Fungi by J. Lind., 1913: 266. Tons: ) Sori irregular, in ovary of host, dark, spores reticulate, in two layers. An inner layer olive brown, an outer layer visible on the periphery of the spores, hyaline, side hexagonal, not very prominent hexagonal reticulations. Spores 22-30 mu diam. On Holcus lanatus, Kelso, Cowlitz Co., Wash. Aug. 6, 1919. Five collections at Kelso, Wash. Aug. 17, 1919. Not very abundant. This smut has previously been reported from Belgium and Denmark. So far as the writer is aware this is the first report of this smut from North America. TELLETIA TRITICI (Bjerk.) \Wint. Rab. Krypt, Fly orl) cron eeiccm On kernels of wheat, Bingen, Klickitat Co., Wash. Aug. 3, 1902 A: N. Suksdorf No. 996). Found on Triticum spp.—in every county of Washington. Most abundant in the Palouse region of eastern Washington. Causes an annual loss in the state of about $5,000,000.00. USTILAGO AVENAE (Pers.) Jens. Charb. Ceéréales, 4. 1880. On Avena sativa, Prevalent west of Cascade Mountains, rarely found east of the Cascade Mountains. USTILAGO BISTORTORUM (DC.) Korn. Hedwigia, 16: 38. 1877. On Polygonum sp., Mt. Adams (Mt. Paddo), Wash. Aug. 7, 1885 (W. N. Suksdorf No. 198). UsTILAGO BROMIVORA (Tul.) Fisch. de Wald.—Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosce., 4o: Ze Qe TOp7. On Bromus eximius, West of Ice Cave, Skamania Co., Wash. Sept. 9, 1902. (W.. N:vsuksdorr) Now 1021): On Bromus hookerianus, on banks of Columbia River, Klickitat Co., Wash. June 1883 (W. N. Suksdorf No. 66). On Bromus hordaceus, Wawawai, Whitman Co., Wash. May 7, 1915 (George, W. S: C. Path. No. C!S: 26)> Pullman, W hitmiani@o-ae yes July 1, rors (G. A. Olson, W. S.C: Path: Nor CS: p13) else econ (Dana. WS) Ga Path Now Cao 1ssoole On Bromus hordaceus glabrescens, Coupeville, Island Co., Wash June 19, 1919; White Salmon, Klickitat Co., Wash. Aue. %a3) i1ones On Bromus marginatus, Aug. 18, 1904. Wentachee Mts., Chelan Couney: Wash. (Cotton—W. S. C. Herbarium). : On Bromus sp., Colfax, Whitman Co.,. Wash. July 19, 1919; Rosalia, ~ Whitman Co, Wash. Aug..1;) 1010; On Bromus sp., Washington State College Campus, Pullman, Whitman Co., Wash. July 2, 1918 CW..S. C. Path. C. S: No. 516) also July tone) eur aula. Pierce Co., Wash.’ July 16, 1919; Maryhill, Klickitat Co‘) Wash) Aue. na, 1919; Stacker’s Canyon, Klickitat Co.,. Wash: Aug. “14,7 1rorTo a lea@enmes, Skagit Co., Wash. ‘Aug toro: ZUNDEL: USTILAGINEAE OF WASHINGTON 279 USTILAGO BROMIVORA MACROSPORA Farl. Bull. Iowa Agr. Coll. Bull. Bot. Dep.,’, 1886: 59. 1887. On Bromus tectorum, Chelan Lake, Chelan Co., Wash. Aug. 27, 1916 (Weir No. 12496). GemseorcLAyTONIAE C. L.. Shear. .Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 34: 317. 1907. Type collected by Colonel T. E. Wilcox on Claytonia linearis Dougl. Vancouver Barracks, Vancouver, Clarke Co., Wash. Apr. 8, 1903; Campus Wash. State College, Pullman, Whitman Co., Wash. May 14, 1920 (Sullins & Zundel). GsmmAco crus-GArir,' Tr. & Ear. Bull. Tor. Bot. Club, 22: 175. 1895. On Panicum crus-galli, Western Klickitat Co., Wash. (W. N. Suksdorf No. 3677, Specimen in herbarium of Dr. Jas. Weir, Spokane, Wash.). On Panicum milaceum (Broom corn millet), Sunnyside, Yakima County, Wash. Oct. 19, 1915 (Heald & George No. I. S. 458). _ USTILAGO ECHINATA Schrot. Abh. Schles. Ges. Abth. Nat. Med., 1869-72: 4. 1870. On leaves of Phalaris arundinaceae, collected on bottom land—Bingen, Kitckitat,Go.-Wash.:-June 30, 1893 (W. N. Suksdorf No. 413). USTILAGO HORDEI (Pers.) Kel. & Sw. Ann. Rep. Kans. Agr. Exp. Sta., 2: 268. 1890. On Hordeum spp. Throughout the state of Washington. Weummtco ayPopyvrrEs (Schi.) Fr. B. P..I. Bull., 38: 43. 1903. — Syst. Myc., Beg toes Tose. On Distichlis spicata (North Amer. Flora, 7: 5. 1906). On Elymus condensatus, Okanogan, Wash. Summer, 1903 (David Griffiths). On Eriocoma cuspidata, on Big Bend Land Co., Northern Franklin Co., Wash. Aug., 1919. From material sent to Dr. F. L. Pickett, of the Wash- ington State College Botany Department; Pasco, Franklin Co., Wash. April 21, 1920, on year old stalks. of the grass. On Sitanion sp., Mt. Adams (called by Indians Mt. Paddo), Wash. Sept. 30, 1904 (W. N. Suksdorf No. 980); Wenatchee, Chelan County, Wash. July 17, 1919 (Leonard). On Stipa sps, Falcon Valley, Klickitat Co., Wash. July 10, 1r900 (W. N. Suksdorf, No. 606a), Aug. 26, 1904 (W. N. Suksdorf No. 6060). Wstiesco Levis (Kel. & Sw.) Magn. Abh. Bot. Ver. Prov. Brand:, 37:~- 60. 1896. On Avena fatua glabrata, Oakesdale, Whitman County, Wash. July 20, 1919 (J. W. Hotson). On Avena sp., Bingen, Klickitat Co., Wash. July 13, 1902 (W. N. Suks- deri’ No: 80s). This smut of oats is prevalent east of the Cascade Mountains. It is also found in western Washington (See Heald, F. D., “ Oat Smuts in Washington ” in Proc. Wash. State Grain Growers, Shippers and Millers Association, 1919: 2G). UstTIraco MuFoRDIANA El. & Ey. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 22: 362. 1895. On Festuca. microstschys (?) or F. reflexa (?), Bingen, Klickitat Co., Wash. July 3, 1902 (W. N. Suksdorf No. 804). 280 MycoLocIa On Festuca tenella, Bottom land of the Columbia River at Rincon Klicki- . tat Co., Wash. May 26, 1806 (W. N. Suksdori (No. sien UstTILaco NUDA (Jens.) Kel. & Sw. Ann. Rep. Kans. Agr. Exp. Sta., 2: 277. 1890. | ; On Hordeum spp. (cultivated), Florence and Marysville, Snohomish Co., Wash. Summer 1919. USTILAGO PERENNANS Rostr. Overs. K. Danske Vid. Selsk. Forh., 1890: 15. March, 1890. On Arrhenatherum elatius (escaped from cultivation and locally called Lincoln grass). Wash. State College Farm, Whitman Co., Wash. May 1, 1919 (Wanser, W. S. C...Path..1.-S. No. 1379); Trout Lake, Klickitaty@en Vy erie sens. TOGO. UsTILAGO PUNCTATA Clint... North Amer. Flora, 7 23-24) Qreos: " On Polygonum newberryi, Mt. Adams (Indian name, Mt. Paddo), Wash. Sept. 6, 1904 (type collection, W. N. Suksdorf No. 979). : USTILAGO STRIAEFORMIS (Westend.) Niessl. Hedwegia, 15: 1. 1876. On Phleum pratense, Bingen, Klickitat Co., Wash. May 21, 1896 (W. N. Suksdorf No. 532); Pullman, Whitman Co., Wash. June 21, 1916 (Heald, W. 5. C, Path. No. I. S. 285); Oakesdale; Whitman’ Co.” Wash) mena ercone) (C. R. Stillinger in Jas. Weir: Herb., Spokane, Wash.); Washington State College Campus, east of Silver Lake, Pullman, Whitman Co., Wash. Summer 1919; Waterville, Douglas Co., Wash. June 23, roro. On Poa pratense, Washington State College Campus, East of Silver Lake, Pullman, Whitman Co., Wash. Summer 1919. UsTILAGo TRITICI (Pers.) Rostr. Overs. K. Danske Vid. Selsk. Forth, 1890: 154. March insoo, . On Triticum spp., throughout the state of Washington in amounts not ex- ceeding 5 per cent. | USTILAGO URTICULOSA ‘(Nees.) Tul. “Ann: Sci. Nat. TIl5 32 nosing rea On Polygonum hydropiperoides, bottom land of the Columbia River, Bin- gen, Klickitat Co.,: Wash: Oct.’ 7, 1885 .(W.N.: SaksdoreiNigiez2a USTILAGO ‘VIOLACEAE var.: major Clint. Jour. Myc., ‘8: 139, “1902. On Silene sp., Mt. Adams (Mt. Paddo), Wash. Oct. 1, r904 (W. N. Suksdorf No. 983). i On Alsine nitans, Wash. State College Campus, Pullman, Whitman Co., Wash.” May-414,, ozo, UsTILaco WASHINGTONIANA El, & Ey. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 22er 57 emeog: From collection by E. R. Lake, spring of 1892 on leaves of “some grass.” The locality is not given in the article. Clinton considers this species as a synonym of Ustilago striaeformis (Westend) Niessl. USTILAGO ZEAE (Beckm.) Unger, Einfl. Bodens 211. 1836. On Zeca mays, Walla Walla,. Walla Walla €o.) Washy eau 16, IQI5 (Heald, W. S. C. Path. No. C. S. 201); Sunnyside, Yakima Co., Wash. Oct. 19, 1915 (C. C. Farr, W. S: C. Path. 1. S: No: 457) 3) Pulliam ey yiaanen Co, Wash. Aug. 20, 1016 (Heald, W.°S. C; Path’, Nov, GS) dos) gle: aes ZUNDEL: USTILAGINEAE OF WASHINGTON 281 weno teald, W. S.:C. Path. C. S. 435); )Pullman, Whitman Co., Wash. iaeeteens(E..b.-Gaines, ‘W. S. C. Path. No. I. S.-1279); Walla Walla Co. and Yakima Co. Wash. Sept., 1918. Becoming somewhat prevalent in these two. localities in the state. Prosser, Benton Co., Wash. July 8, 1919 (E. B. Starkey. W--S. C.. Path. I. 'S. :2032).. ; UROCYSTIS AGROPYRI (Preuss) Schrot. Abh. Schles. Ges.. Abth. Nat. Med., 1869-72: 7. 1870. One crass leaves,” Bingen, Klickitat Co.,, Wash. May 3 and 28. 1899 (W. N. Sukslorf No. 464). On Bromus marginatus; Port Townsend, Jefferson Co., Wash. Aug. 7, 1919 (Knight). On Elymus condensatus, Isaacs St., Walla Walla, Walla Walla Co., Wash. June 17, coro; La Conner Flats, Skagit Co., Wash. .June 27, 1919. Wroevsris, cer Kl, & Ev.’ Bull: Tor. Bot. Club; 27: ‘572. + 1900. On leaves of Sieversia ciliata (Geum ciliata), Waitsburg, Walla Walla County, Wash. May 7, to00 (Robert M: Horner No. 1430) Clinton calls this species Urocystis Waldsteiniae Peck. : Besides the smuts reported in the preceding list, the following are reported as occurring in Washington. The author, however, has not been able to - locate the collections from which these reports were made, viz.: USTILAGO MACROSPORA Desmaz. On Agropyron spicatum inerme (North Amer. Flora, 7: 19. 1906). USTILAGO OLIVACEAE (D. C.) Tul. On Carex airiculata (North Amer. Flora, 7: 12. 1906). UsTILAGO vINOSA (Berk) Tul. On Oxyria digyna (North Amer. Flora, ieee.) -TOOO)! TILLETIA AIRAE Blytt. On Deschampsia caespitosa (North Amer. Flora, TEeTAO) ¥TOOO)), THECAPHORA DEFORMANS, Dur. and Mont. On Lotus micranthus (North Amer. Flora, 7: 41-42. 1906). DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, © WASHINGTON STATE COLLEGE, PULLMAN, WASHINGTON. AN UNDESCRIBED GENEA FROM MICHIGAN’ E. A. BESSEY AND BERTHA E. THOMPSON ‘ (Wi1TH PLATE 20) The known Tuberaceae from Michigan are few in number. In 1908 Dr. C. H. Kauffman? reported Tuber lyomi from near Ann Arbor and in 1911? he reported from Allegan County a species identified by him as T. borchu, and recently described by Miss Gilkey* as a new species T. canaliculatum. Aside from these there appears to be no published report of the occurrence of fungi of this family in Michigan. In California, on the contrary, twelve genera are recorded and many species, mainly through the work first of H. W. Harkness,® and more recently of Miss Gilkey.® Whether this great superiority in the number of known species ig-a true index to the relative frequency of, occurrence @igmiece forms in California and elsewhere in the country can be deter- mined only when other botanists make as thorough a search for them as did Harkness, Miss Gilkey, and their collaborators. In California these workers made deliberate search for these forms; elsewhere their discovery has been mainly a matter of chance.. In August, 1919, the senior author found a.dozen or more specimens of a hypogaeous fungus at a point in Gogebic County, 1 Contribution 65 from the Department of Botany, Michigan Agricultural College. 2 Kauffman, C. H. Unreported Michigan fungi for 1907 with an outline of the Gasteromycetes of the state. Mich. Acad. Sci.’ Rept., 10: 63-84. 1908. 3 Kauffman, C. H. Unreported Michigan fungi for 1910, with outline keys of the common genera of Basidiomycetes and Ascomycetes. lbid., 13% °215=240. “Torr. 4 Gilkey, H. M. Two new truffles. Mycologia, 12: 99-101. Fig. f. 1920. 5 Harkness, H. W. California hypogaeous fungi. Proc. Calif. Acad: Sci. 3d, Ser,, I: 241-203, 1800: 6 Gilkey, H. M. A revision of the Tuberales of California. Univ. of Calif. Publications Botany, 6: 275-356. pls. 26-30. 10916. 282 BzssEY & THompson: AN UNDESCRIBED GENEA 283 Michigan, not far from the Wisconsin line. They were found at a depth of three to eight centimeters in the black soil forming the upper ten centimeters or so, of the soil of a forest consisting of sugar maple, hemlock, yellow birch and balsam fir. The soil below this depth consisted of gray sand, moist but not wet. The black upper soil consisted of sand with a large admixture of leaf mold, with numerous needles of balsam fir throughout it, as well as, roots and underground stems of various plants such as Lyco- podium lucidulum, Coptis trifolia, O-xalis acetosella, Dryopteris sp., and Viola sp. | The fruiting bodies were found scattered at distances of two to ten centimeters throughout an area of about one square meter, the soil in this region being scantily filled with a loose gray mycelium which did not show on the surface of the soil and was not noticeably more abundant near the fruiting bodies. The single, somewhat lobed cavity and distinct central opening and the slender paraphyses extending beyond the cylindrical eight-spored asci determine the fungus as belonging to the genus Genea. From Hydnocystis it differs in the somewhat lobed cav- ity and secondary cortex formed by the paraphyses projecting beyond the asci. | _From the described species of Genea this fungus differs in its spore characters. Ordinarily the spores are spherical or slightly ellipsoidal and marked by papillae or warts; in these Michigan specimens the spore have no signs of warts or papillae but are smooth, except that the epispore may show some irregular folds. The spores, moreover, are not spherical or ellipsoidal, but in side view appear square or rectangular, except the apical spores which may be irregularly rounded. Through mutual pressure of the asci and paraphyses the former and their enclosed ascospores are more or less polygonal in cross section and in some cases almost square. In the latter case the cettral ascospores are ~ actually cubical as they always appear to be when viewed from the side. The hyaline spores when mature possess a spherical or slightly ellipsoidal hyaline endospore surrounded by a hyaline exospore that is often only very slightly developed laterally, But very much 284 Myco.ocia thickened at the end of the spores; particularly of those spores at or near the apex of the ascus. This exospore is externally thrown into folds but never into warts, prickles or tubercles. Genea cubispora sp. nov. Ascocarp when dry 7 to 9 mm. in diameter and 5 to 8 mm. in vertical thickness, slightly larger when fresh, with somewhat cerebriform external folds and involutions which have a tendency to radiate from the central opening. When fresh the whole surface was isabelline in color, but when dry and after handling the exposed convex edges of the folds are castaneous. Surface mealy and very slightly pubescent, surrounding mycelium scanty. Cavity single, but thrown into irregular pockets by the folds and involutions of the surface. Opening central, I to 2 mm. wide, the edge turned in nearly to the base of the cavity. Ascocarp wall 700 to 800 thick, the outer 100 to 150 consisting of large pseudoparenchymatous cells, the next 100 to 150 of tangled, frequently septate hyphae 5 to 10m in diameter, the remaining 500 to 600 p consisting of the hymenium. Hymenium continuous, not areolate; asci cylindric, 300-350 X 25-30p, rounded at the apex and tapering abruptly at the base. Paraphyses filiform, occasionally, but indistinctly, septate, overtopping the asci 75 to I10u and forming a secondary cortex. Ascospores eight, mono- stichous, the basal and central ones almost = iseqiamennic, 27-28 X 24-28 », the one or two nearest the apex often longer, 36-42 X 24-28. Lumen of spores 14-18 wide and 16-22, long; the endospore 1.2-3 thick. Epispore laterally 0.2-4 p in thickness and 2-4 thick on the ends of all the spores except those at or next to the apex where the thickness reaches 5-10 p. Epispore thrown into irregular folds but without papillae, tuber- cles or reticulations. Ascospores polygonal in cross section, occa- sionally even square. ) In black leaf-mold 3 to 8 cm. below the surface in forest con- sisting of dense growth of Acer saccharum, Tsuga canadensis, Betula lutea with considerable Abies balsamea. Between Bass and Little Bass Lakes of the Cisco Lake chain, Gogebic County, Michigan, August 14, 1919. No. 123 Bessey and Darlington. MicHIGAN AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, East LANSING, MICHIGAN. VOLUME 12, PLATE 20 \ \ MyYCOoLoGIA GENEA CUBISPORA BrssEY & THOMPSON , Bessey & THOMPSON: AN UNDESCRIBED GENEA 285 EXPLANATION OF PLATE 20 Fig. 1a. Top view, 1b, edge view of same ascocarp, and Ic, top view of another ascocarp. Natural size. Fig. 2. Vertical section through ascocarp. Natural size. Bis.13. Tissues from middle of wall of ascocarp. Fig. 4. Tissues from exterior of wall of ascocarp. Fig. 5. Upper portion of hymenium showing paraphyses extending be- yond the asci in a sort of secondary cortex. Ascospores and asci not quite mature. Oe Fig. 6. An ascus with ascospores not quite mature. Fig. 7. Apex of ascus showing two mature ascospores. Fig. 8. Ascospore in cross section. Fig. 9. Lateral view of a middle or basal ascospore. Note: The small divisions of the scales accompanying the figures repre- sent millimeters for Figures 1 and 2, and 10m in all the remaining drawings. Figures 3 and 4 are drawn to the same scale. NOTES AND BRIEF ARTICLES [Unsigned notes are by the editor] Readers of Mycoxocia are invited to contribute to this department personal news items and notes or brief articles of interest to mycologists in general. Manuscript should be submitted before the middle of the month preceding the’ month in which this publication is issued. It is said that eating the common ink-cap mushroom, Coprinus atramentarius, sometimes causes reddening of the face. Anyone who can corroborate this statement from his own experience or \ observation should publish the fact. Dr. E. W. Olive, who has been connected with the Brooklyn Botanic Garden for several years, has retired from active scien- tific work to go into business with his brother at 904 Hume- Mansur Building, Indianapolis, Indiana. : A circle of fairy-ring mushrooms thirty feet in diameter was seen at Kingston, New York, July 10, in the yard of the famous old Dutch Reform Church. The mushrooms grew about the roots of trees, in the grass, and over graves with stones dating back as far as 1708. The use of aged bean seed as a means of controlling bacterial blight of beans is advocated by C. W. Rapp in Science, p. 568, 1g19. Seed four or five years old does not germinate well, but three-year-old seed yields a high percentage of vigorous plants with very little bight if the soil is free from the disease and no sources of infection are near. | Referring to the article entitled “Another New Truffle,” pub- lished in the May number of Mycologia, Dr. C. L. Shear writes me as follows: “In order to make this story complete, I think it would be desirable to add a note referring to the fact that this 286 NotTES AND BriEF ARTICLES 287 particular collection was mentioned by me in the Asa Gray Bul- letin for December, 1899, under the heading ‘A Truffle from Maryland.’ If this connection is not pointed out it may not be kiiown and confusion may arise. The specimens referred to in the note as T. oligosperma Tul. are the identical specimens which are described as the new species of Tuber in your article,’ Excellent specimens of Xanthoporia Andersom (Ellis & Ev.) Murrill were recently sent to the herbarium of the Garden for determination... They were collected on Salix nigra in Takoma Park, Maryland, May 5, 1920, by Hedgcock, Hahn, and Gravatt. This interesting species was first described from Newfield, New Jersey, where it was found by F. W. Anderson on an oak log. It has since been collected on poplar in Indiana, on oak in Mis- souri, and on elm or poplar in Ohio. The specimens recently re- ceived add a new host and a new state to its distribution. ” Burt’s eleventh paper on the Thelephoraceae of North America, published in the Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden for November, 1919, includes Tulasnella, with 3 species; Veluticeps, with I species; Mycoboma, with 2 species; Eptthele, with 2 species; and Lachnocladium, with 10 species from North Amercia. The following are new or newly combined: Veluticeps tubacina (Cooke) Burt, comb. nov.; Epithele sulphurea Burt, sp. nov., on palmetto in Florida; Lachnocladium bicolor (Peck) Bure comp. nov.; and L. erectum Burt, sp. nov., on dead wood in West Virginia. The members of this genus are coralloid fungi usually occurring on wood or soil rich in humus. They resemble species of Clavaria, but are tomentose and leathery rather than fleshy, and therefore inedible. The spores vary from hyaline to ochraceous and from smooth to aculeate. Lachnocladium Miche- nert Berk & Curt. is our commonest temperate species, ranging ' from Canada to New Jersey and westward to Missouri. According to Paravicini, since the cultivation of the “English” wainut has been greatly extended in Switzerland the importance 288 MycoLociIa of the larger fungi which attack this‘ valuable tree has cor- respondingly increased. Polyporus igniarius, P. fomentarius, P. hispidus, P. cinnabarinus, P. sulphureus, and certain other fungi are mentioned among the enemies of the walnut, but, strange to say, Favolus europaeus is considered the most virulent of them all. It gains entrance through wounds in the branches. The only known method of treatment is to remove all diseased branches and cover the cut surfaces with grafting wax. This species is known to be fond of our native hickory trees and should be further investigated. Burt’s paper on Aleurodiscus in the Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden for September, 1918, includes 14 North Ameri- can species, all of which are illustrated by text-figures showing microscopic characters. According to the author, 25 species have been recognized for the genus: 8 in Europe, 5 in Asia and Australia; 2 in Africa, and 2 in South- Americas) Miostem our species are of local distribution. They are as follows: Aleuro- discus amorphus (Pers.) Rabenh.; A. Farloww Burt sp. nov., on dead hemlock twigs in New Hampshire-and New York; A. Oakesu (Berk. & Curt.) Cooke; A. apiculatus Burt sp. nov., on fallen dead wood in Jamaica, Porto Rico, and Grenada; A. can- didus (Schw.) Burt comb. nov.; A. strumosus (Fries) Burt comb. nov.; A. seriatus (Berk. & Curt.) Burt comb. nov.; A. nivosus (Berk. & Curt.)-v. Hohn. & Litsch.;.A. aeerimis (bers) are Hohn. & Litsch.; A. botryosus Burt sp. nov., on dead stems of — Rubus and Vitis in Massachusetts, Maryland, and Mexico; A. cremeus Burt sp. nov., on dead oak wood in New Mexico; A. tenuis Burt sp. nov., on dead twigs in Cuba; A. pemcillatus Burt sp. nov., on dead wood of Pseudotsuga and Tsuga in idaho, Washington, and Oregon; and A. Weiru Burt sp. nov., on decay- ing wood of Abies, Thuja, and Larix in Idaho and British Columbia. | The North American species of the genus [7ymenochaete are treated by Burt in the Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden for November, 1918; the majority of the 37 species included tre NotTES AND BriEF ARTICLES , 289 being illustrated by halftones of the hymenophores and figures in the text showing the character of the setae. According to the author, in the simplest condition of the fructification in this genus, only a setigerous layer is present; in the next degree higher of development, a hyphal layer connects the setigerous layer with the substratum or may be extended from the substratum as the upper surface of the pileus; while in a still more highly de- veloped condition, the hyphal layer, is differentiated into an in- termediate layer and a denser and dark zone, and usually into a second hyphal layer adnate to the substratum or forming the surface of the pileus. In addition to the distinctive morpho- logical character of elongated, conical setae in the hymenium, there is also a chemical substance in the tissue of all the species of Hymenochaete studied, that causes an immediate darkening of sections when dilute potassium hydrate is brought in contact with them. Hymenochaete is a genus of tropical species rather than of the cooler portion of the north temperate zone; for, in contrast with the 29 species occurring from the Gulf States to Brazil, only 13 species are known north of the latitude of Vir- ginia, and from Europe perhaps 9 species, of which 6 are well known. ees The following species are described as new: H. borealis Burt sp. nov., on dead frondose wood from Ontario to New Jersey; H. reflexa Burt sp. nov., on.dead wood in Jamaica; H. cubensis Burt sp. nov., on dead wood in Cuba and Porto Rico; H. un- gulata Burt sp. nov., on dead wood in Mexico; H. digitata Burt spemev., on dead logs in Panama; Hy fulva Burt. sp. nov., on fallen branches in Louisiana and Jamaica; H. pinnatifida Burt sp. nov., on fallen branches from Georgia to Louisiana and in Mexico, Cuba, and Jamaica; H. multisetae Burt sp. nov., on fallen branches in Cuba and Jamaica; H. anomala Burt sp. nov., on fallen branches in Cuba; and H. opaca Burt sp. nov., on dead branches in Jamaica. \ ONYGENA EQUINA (WILLD.) PErs. On May 1, 1920, ,I collected excellent specimens of Onygena equina ( Willd.) Pers. on cow’s horns and on part of a cow’s hoof 290 MycoLocia in Morgan’s woods, north of Macdonald College, Quebec, Canada. So far as I can ascertain the horns and hoofs had been lying in the woods for some five years, the cattle having been killed and buried there as being tubercular. Fig. 1. The upper specimen shows fructifications on a cow’s hoof. The variation in the size of sporocarps is noticeable, and the uppermost and lowest show the gleba exposed by dehiscence of the peridium. In the lower specimen figured, some sporocarps are seen to have developed from the inner surface of the horn. The development of sporocarps was so good that photographic records were made. In each photograph variations in the size. NoTES AND BriEF ARTICLES 291 ’ of head and length of stipe are easily seen. The dehiscence of the peridium is plain and the exposed mass of spores and capil- litium appears dark in the photographs as in nature. Marshall Ward gives a very complete description of the fungus and of his cultural experiments with it in Vol. 191 B of the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London for 1899. A brief description of the fungus may not be out of place: Fructification rounded, stalked or sessile, 1 to 5 mm. in height ; peridium whitish, dehiscing irregularly or in lobes; asci globoid, 8-spored, 10 to 14 by 14 to 22; ascospores yellowish to hyaline, 4 to 5m by 7 to 9p. The asci are very difficult to obtain in good condition when dissecting sporocarps which are mature or nearly so since they readily rupture and collapse after the dispersal of the ascospores. | Boi; Dickson: MACDONALD COLLEGE, QUEBEC, CANADA. A NEw AMANITA This species is dedicated to the discoverer, Professor H. L. _ Wells, of the Sheffield Scientific School of Yale University, who has carefully studied it for several years. The accompanying description is drawn up from his ample field notes and photo- graphs. Limited space forbids further discussion of this beau- tiful species here, but a more extended treatment will be prepared by Dr. Kelly and Mr. Krieger from notes and illustrations which I shall furnish them. Venenarius Wellsii sp. nov. Pileus globose to convex, at length expanded, becoming nearly plane, gregarious, 5 to 10 cm. broad when expanded; surface dry, salmon-colored, fading, especially after a rain, usually remaining more deeply colored on the disk, covered with exceedingly mi- nute, yellowish-buff warts, mostly distributed irregularly in large patches ; margin of young plant usually ‘showing a very delicate, bright-yellow tomentum, not striate at first, but becoming dis- tinctly so and showing the gills about halfway to the center, ex- tending beyond the gills about 2 to 3 mm. forming a conspicuous sterile edge, colored like the pileus when viewed from below: 292 MycoLocia context easily separable from the cuticle, bright-yellow, becoming buff with age, at first mild to the taste, but with a lingering un- pleasantness ; lamellae free or adnexed, about I cm. wide to nar- rower at the stipe, moderately crowded, pale-dull-yellow, edges at first distinctly furfuraceous; spores ellipsoid, smooth, rounded at the ends, obliquely apiculate at the base, hyaline, uni-guttulate, 12 X 7p; stipe tapering upward, bulbous at the base, stuffed or hollow, clothed with a very delicate, furfuraceous layer above the annulus, nearly glabrous below, pale-dull-yellow, 7 to 12 cm. long; annulus distinctly yellow, very delicate and loosely woven, thin, usually adhering to the margin of the cup in an appendicu- late way after rupture, and leaving but a slight, delicate ring on the stipe; volva very delicate and loosely woven, distinctly yellow, sometimes pointed, but more often nearly flat at the base, soon glabrous, becoming less distinct with the growth of the plant. Type collected in the township of Springfield, New Hampshire, about September 1, 1917. Known from several other localities — in New Hampshire, also. For the benefit of those following Saccardo, I add the combi- nation Amanita Wellsii. W. A. Mourri_t. CULTURES OF PUCCINIA CLEMATIDES (DC.) LAGERH.. AND Puc- CINIA IMPATIENTIS (SCHWw.) ARTH. During 1917 and 1918 tke baneberries, Actaea alba (L.) Mill. and A. rubra (Ait.) Wild., which grew in a small wood near Ste. Anne de Bellevue, P. Q., were heavily infected with aecia. Field evidence suggested the connection of these aecia with Puccima Clematidis (DC.) Lagerh. on Hystrix patula Moench. Roots of Actaea rubra were dug up in the fall and kept in a cool cellar during the winter. When placed in a greenhouse in the spring, they developed rapidly: Wintered telial material of Puccinia Clematidis on Hystrix patula was tested and found visible. In- oculations were made on three pots of Actaea rubra on April 28th. Aecia were first noticed on May 5 and a very heavy in- fection developed. One pot of plants kept as a check remained free from infection. The inoculations and observations con- nected with these cultures were made by Mr. P. I. Bryce, of the Biology Department of Macdonald College, who also made the Rt Rte NoTES AND BRIEF ARTICLES 293 collections and field observations on Actaea that suggested them. _ The aecia on the infected plants, especially on the stems, pro- duced abundant ascospores for some time. A number of grasses grown from seed in the greenhouse were inoculated with aecio- spores from these cultures and also from aecia collected in the field on Acitaea rubra at Ste. Anne de Bellevue. These inocula- tions and the observations in connection with them were made by Miss Margaret Newton, a graduate student of Macdonald College. The results are given in tabular form below. - + “Date of Grass Inoculated Source of Material Inocu- Date of Nature of Infection lation Uredinia Elymus canadensis |Aecispores from li ae aa culture on Actaea|June 13 June 22. |Very heavy infection Elymus virginicus L. Ba oi oh “s ee 42 * Hordeum jubatum L. ar ie. es een: Slight infection Hystrix patula | Migenenn soc. i338 eat Pie ts: eg ‘“ « |Very heavy infection Agropyron repens (ie) Beaumaris. Bee ce e es a ee No infection Agropyron Richarda- sont Schtad. .... cea a eR S orca det Very heavy infection Bromus ciliatus L... te ot Wma july 2 12 No infection Elymus virginicus L. ee, i a ae July 21 Very heavy infection Agropyron Richard- Telia Aug. 13 OMI: Moc eke uk Boa Me initia Seri — No infection Hysirix patula ..... OAL a a ““ *! No record |Very heavy infection rr ea Nk Aeciospores from| ‘* 10 July 20 % te 7 field collection on Actaea 66 6é sé ee Elymus canadensis . VIFZINICUs. . Telia Aug. 13 July 19 oe oe ee ae The material from the cultures was studied by Dr. EK. B. Mains ward tne ard. of Dr. Arthur’s herbarium. He found that the aecial and telial material corresponded to the herbarium materia: of the European Puccinia Actaeae-Elyni Mayor and P. Actaeae- Agropyri Ed. Fisch. The urediniospores were somewhat smaller than is usual in Puccinia Clematidis. It seemed as if ali these should be considered as belonging to one species, but probably representing several races for whose delimitation further culture work is necessary. They all belong in the species Puccima Clematidis (DC.) Lagerh. as it has been considered by Arthur in North America. These experiments and studies seem to establish the connec- 294 MycoLocIa tion of the aecia on Actaea rubra (Ait.) Wild. with Puccinia Clematidis (DC.) Lagerh on Aystrix patula Moench. and also show that Elymus canadensis L. and E. virginicus L. are con- genial hosts. } Further experiments were made at Saskatoon, conducted by Miss Hulda Haining, with aecia collected at Brandon, Man., on Thalictrum dasycarpum Fischer & Lall. Inoculations were made on the following grasses grown from seed in the green- house: Bromus ciliatus L., B. latiglumis (Shear) Hitchk., Elymus canadensis L., E. virgucus L., Agropyron repens (L.) Beuv., A. Smith Rydb., A. tenerum Vasey, A. Richardsonu (Trin.) Schrad, and Hordeum jubatum. L. Bromus ciliatus and -latt- glumis were heavily infected and uredinia and telia developed abundantly. Elymus canadensis and E. virgimicus were also heavily infected, but the others showed no infection. On Bromus the teliospores were of the many-celled type, on Elymus they were of the ordinary two-celled kind. It seems probable that the plants of Thalictrum used in the cultures contained a mixture of aecia of two races, one infecting Bromus and producing multi- cellular teliospores, and the other Elymus with the two-celled type of teliospores, as was indicated by the experiments in 1918. (See under Puccimia Agropyn E. & E. Mycologia 11: 131. 1919.) PuccINnia IMPATIENTIS (Schw.) Arth. Inoculations were made in the greenhouse at Saskatoon with aeciospores from aecia collected at Dauphin, Man., on /mpatiens biflora Walt. on the following grasses grown from seed in the greenhouse: Agropyron Smithii, A. tenerum, A. Richardsonia, Hordeum jubatum, Elymus canadensis, E. virgmcus, and Triti- cum vulgare. ‘There was a slight infection of A. tenerum, A. Richardsonu, and Hystrix patula and rather heavy infection of Elymus canadensis and E. virginicus and heavy infection of Hor- deum jubatum. Three inoculations were made on Hordeum jubatum and heavy infection resulted in each case. (See Myco- logia II: 131. I9I19.) Inoculations were also carried out at Macdonald College by Miss Margaret Newton with aecia on Impatiens biflora Walt. collected at Hudson, P. Q., on the following grasses grown from NoTES AND BRIEF ARTICLES 295 seed in the greenhouse: Hordeum jubatum, Elymus canadensis, BN virginicus, and Hystrix patula. Both species of Elymus were very heavily infected and Hordeum was slightly infected. An- other inoculation was made on Hordeum jubatum and. slight infection followed. As the plants of Hordeum jubatum used in these experiments were not in a healthy condition little value can be placed on the results which tend to show that Hordeum juba- tum is not a congenial host in Eastern Canada. Arthur has shown by several cultures that the aecia on Impatiens are con- nected with Puccinia Impatientis on Elymus. NV 2 GRASER: UNIVERSITY OF SASKATCHEWAN, SASKATOON, SASK. INDEX TO AMERICAN MYCOLOGICAL LITERATURE Adams, J. F. The alternate stage of Puccinastrum Hydrangeae. Mycologia 12: 33-35. 1920. Peridermium Hydrangeae (Berk. & Curt.) comb. nov. Appel, Otto, & Westerdijk, Johanna. Die Gruppierung der durch pilze bervorgerufenen pflanzenkrankheiten. Zeits. Pflanzen- krank. 29: 176-186. I9g109. | Arthur, J. C. Two destructive rusts ready to invade the United States. Science 61: 246, 247. 5 Mr 1920. Bisby, G. R. Short cycle Uromyces of North America. Bot. Gaz. 69: 193-217. pl. ro. 16 Mr 1920. Brown, N. A., & Harvey, R. B. Heart-rot, rib-rot, and leaf-spot of Chinese cabbages. Phytopath. 10: 81-90. {4-4 | goza) Burt, E. A. The Thelephoraceae of North America XI. Ann, Mo. Bot. Gard. 6: 253-280. f. I-15. pl. 5. . 2 Mr 19207" Epithele sulphurea and Lachnocladium erectum sp. nov. Clinton, G. P. Infection experiments of Pinus Strobus with Cro- nartium ribicola. Bull. Conn. Agr. Exper. Sta. 214: 428-459. pl. 37-44. 5 1919. | Clinton, G. P. Inspection of phaenogamic herbaria for rusts on Ribes spp. Bull. Conn. Agr. Exper. Sta: 2143 423-4272) 5 Teng: Detwiler, S. B. Results of white pine blister-rust control in 1919. Phytopath. 100: 177-180. 1920. Ehrhorn, E. M. New pests on the mainland. Hawaiian Forest. & Agr. 172 35.336. pa alie@Zo- 3 Elliott, J. A. Arkansas peach diseases. Bull. Univ. Ark. Agr. Exper. Sta. 149: I-9., pl. 1-5. Jl 1918. Erz, A. A. The true nature of plant diseases. Am. Bot. 26: 20-23. 20 F 1920. Fracker, S. B. Varietal susceptibility to false blossom in cran- berries. ‘Phytapath, 10:9273-175.. ) 1920: Hartley, Carl, and Hahn, G.G. Notes on some diseases of aspen. Phytopath.:102°141-147,7.. 3.) @20; | 296 INDEX TO AMERICAN MycoLoGIcaAL LITERATURE 297 Herre, A. C. Notes on Mexican lichens. Bryologist, DR 13, An 1920. Lloyd, C. ic: Mycological notes. 61: 877-903. pl. 124-139. nL OCI91O. : Matsumoto, Takashi. Culture experiments with Melampsora in Japan. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 6: 309-316. f. I-3. 1920. McCulloch, Lucia. Basal glume-rot of wheat. Jour. Agr. Re- search 18: 543-551. pl. 62, 63.. 16 F 1920. Melchers, Leo E., & Parker, J. H. Three winter-wheat varieties resistant te leaf-rust in Kansas. Phytopath. 10: 164-171. f. I-3. 1920. Moucrall W. A. Whe artist’s bracket fungus. Sci. Am. 122: 365. 1920. Neal, D. C. Phony peaches; a disease occurring in middle Georna Phytopath. 10: 106-109. pl; 9. f. I. ©1920. Peluer, Gio. onapdragon rust.~ Bull. Univ. Il. Ag. Exper. Sta. 221: 535-548. f. 1-5. Au IQI9. Rosen, H. R. A bacterial root-rot of field corn. Bull. Univ. Ark. Exper. Sta. 162: 1-6. pl. 1-4. Au IgQIo. : Rosenbaum, J. Infection experiments on tomatoes with Phytoph- thora terrestria Sherb, and a hot water treatment of the fruit. Phytopath. 10: 101-105. 1920. Rosenbaum, J., & Sando, C. E. Correlation between size of the fruit and the resistance of the tomato skin to puncture and its relation to infection with Macrosporium tomato Cooke. Am. Jeug- Bot. 7:. 78-82, 1920. Stevens, F. L. Dothidiaceous and other Porto Rican fungi. Bot. Gaz. 69: 248-257. pl. 13, 14. f. I-3. 16 Mr 1920. I new genus, 15 new species. Stevenson, J. A. The mottling or yellow-stripe disease of sugar Gane. four. Dept. Agr. Porto Rico 3: 3-76. Jl 1919. Thomas, Roy C. A new lettuce disease. Ohio Aoi. Pxpers ota. Be 24, 25.. Ja 1920. Tisdale, W. B. Iris leaf-spot caused by Didymellina iridis. Phy- topath. Io: 148-163. f. I-6. 1920. Vasey, H. E. Millet smuts and their control. Col. Agr. Exper. Sie 242, 3-22. 7. I-rr. F. 1918. 298 MyYcoLocia iy / Walker, J. C., & Tisdale, W. B. Observations on seed transmis- sion of the cabbage black-rot organism. Phytopath. 10: 175- 177. 1020; Weimer, J. L. Some observations on the spore discharge of Pleurage curvicolla (Wint.) Kuntze. Am. Jour. Bot. 7: 75-77. 1920. | | Weimer, J. L. The distribution of buckeye rot of tomatoes. Phytopath. 107.172. 1920. Pe Wolf, F. A. A bacterial leaf-spot of velvet bean. Phytopath. 10: 73-80, Tote. ozo: | Aplanobacter stizolobu sp. nov. Wolf, F. A. Bacterial blight of soybean. Phytopath.. 10: TIQ-132. f. I-5. 1920. York, H. H. Late seasonal production of aecia of Cronartium ribicola. Phytopath. 10: 112.) 1920, eee eee ‘The Genus Albuge _Phyophthorese and eater North sie 6 oy Ww. A. Murtill, { Raat | eames the Frost ‘conn Pe W, A. Murvill. ig Pia _ Nectria Penis, by i we Dicomyety | oh F, u Seaver (oped Li pa czas). PK ing notes, news, and ae esas HE) articles of ewan “4 51 members of the Garden. To others, 10 cents a copy; § 01 : offered in exchange.] Now in its twenty-first volume, Mycologia, bimonthly, illustrated in. color and otherwi interest, and an andes to current Aon myc logical litera year; single copies not for sale. [Not sins’ in recile twelfth volume. . in each volume. ag iO eh price, ad oo a year. [Not offered in h Now in its fifth volume. 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X11 NOVEMBER, 1920 No. 6 LIGHT-COLORED RESUPINATE POLY PORES—II WILLIAM A. MuRRILL Continuing the series of articles begun in Mycologia for March, 1920, descriptions and notes are here given of a number of re- supinate polypores found mostly in the mycological herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden. 28. Porta R1IMosA Murrill, Mycologia 12: 91. 1920 This species was described from an unnumbered packet of spec- imens collected: on Juniperus monosperma in New Mexico, Oc- tober 23, 1911, by Hedgcock and Long. 1 have recently come across other packets of the same thing carefully laid away under a manuscript name assigned, I believe, by Mr. Long. I regret that I did not have this name at hand to use in publishing the species. One packet bears the same data as the type of P. rimosa, with the statement that the fungus follows the rot caused by Fomes texanus. Another specimen was collected on Juniperus sabinioides near Austin, Texas, November 16, 1911, W. H. Long 12024. It also followed rot caused by Fomes texanus. A third specimen was collected by Mr. Long on dead fallen logs of Juni- perus at Cache, Oklahoma, September 29, 1912; while a fourth, numbered 9870, was obtained by Long and Hedgcock from a stump of Juniperus monosperma in New Mexico. The hymenium of these additional specimens is not nearly so closely rimose as in the type and the tubes are considerably longer. [Mycotocta for September (12: 239-298) was issued September 4, 1920] 299 300 MycoLociIa 29. PoriA SEMIfINCTA (Peck) Cooke, Grevillea 14: 115. 1886 Polyporus semitinctus Peck, Ann. Rep. N. Y. State Mus. 31: 37. 1870. Described as follows from specimens collected by Peck on the under surface of maple chips at Griffins, Catskill Mountains, New York, in September. “Subiculum thin, soft, cottony, separable from the matrix, whitish, more or less tinged with lilac, sometimes forming branch- ing creeping threads; pores very short, unequal, whitish or pale cream-color, the dissepiments at first obtuse, then thinner, toothed - on the edge. “This is a soft, delicate species, with merulioid pores, similar to those of P. violaceus. ‘The lilac stains appear on the subiculum only.” Three collections of this species in addition to the type are at Albany, collected by Peck at Ballston, South Bethlehem, and Lyndonville. . According to Overholts, the spores measure 3-4 X 2 M. In the herbarium here, there is an excellent specimen from the “ Catskill Mts.” sent by Peck to Ellis, which is attached to chips and leaves and shows shallow tubes and a wide margin with rhizo- morphic strands. During a recent visit to Albany, I compared this with Peck’s type and found the two identical. Another specimen, collected by Fairman at Lyndonville, New York, in 1890, was sent to Ellis for determination, but was never named. It corresponds in form to those at Albany from Ba!lston and South Bethlehem. ‘The largest collection we have was made by Ellis at Newfield in October, 1879, on dead stems of Kalmua latifolia still standing. ‘This bears the name “Pol. anewina Fr.,” doubtless assigned it by Cooke, and is described by Ellis as “ Milk- white with a narrow, radiate-fibrose, snow-white margin. Pores oblique, medium size, margins thin, suberose.” 30. Porta MYCELIOSA Peck, Bull. N. Y. State Mus. 54: 952. 1902 “Subiculum membranaceous separable from the matrix, con- nected with white branching strands of mycelium which per- meate the soft decayed wood, or with radiating ribs which run through the broad sterile fimbriate white margin; pores very MurRILL: LIGHT-COLORED RESUPINATE POLYPORES 301 short, subrotund angular or subflexuous, the dissepiments thin, acute, dentate or slightly lacerate, pale yellow; spores minute, subglobose, .cooo8—.coot2 of an inch broad.” Described from specimens collected by Peck on much-decayed hemlock wood at Floodwood, New York, August 31, 1900. Ac- cording to Overholts, the spores are ellipsoid, smooth, hyaline, 2.5-4x 2p; cystidia none; clamp ‘connections abundant. I have a specimen collected by Atkinson in North Carolina which ap- pears to match the type at Albany exactly. Overholts also re- ports it from Frankfort, Michigan, collected on hemlock wood by -E. T. Harper. This species should be very carefully compared with Poria semitincta, from which it can scarcely be distinguished when the herbarium specimens are placed side by side. ata P ORLA RADICULOSA (Peck) Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6:.314.' 1888 Polyporus radiculosus Peck, Bull. N. Y. State Mus. 40: 54. 1887. - “Resupinate, effused, thin, soft, tender, orange-yellow, the mycelium creeping in and over the wood, silky-tomentose, at first white, then yellow, forming numerous yellow branching root-like strings or ribs which are more or less connected by a soft, silky tomentum; pores rather large, angular, at first shallow, sunk in the mycelium, the dissepiments becoming more elevated, thin and fragile; spores ellipsoid, .0002 to .00025 inch, long, .ooo12 to .o0o16 broad. “The species is allied to P. Vadllantit, in its peculiar rhizomor- phoid strings of mycelium, but from this it differs decidedly in its color and texture. In these respects it approaches P. bomby- cimus, of which it may possibly be a peculiar variety. It is very destructive to the wood on which it grows, causing it to become soft, brittle and even friable.” | Described as above from specimens collected by Peck at Ganse- voort in September on half-buried aspen chips. I have examined the type at Albany and find it very unsatisfactory. The plate recently published by Mr. Overholts represents it well. Accord- ing to him, the spores are oblong-ellipsoid, 5-7.5 x 2.5-3 mw; cys- tidia none. The species will not be satisfactorily known by the present generation of mycologists until rediscovered. 302 MycoLocia 32. PoRIA FIMBRIATELLA (Peck) Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 303. 1888 Polyporus fimbriatellus Peck, Ann. Rep. N. Y. State Mus. 38: 91. 1885. Originally described as follows from specimens collected by Dr. Peck on maple logs at Osceola, New York, in August. Also collected by him on a maple trunk at Ampersand Pond. “Widely effused, thin, tenacious, separable from the matrix, with a thin white fimbriate margin and a white subiculum, run- ning into rhizomorphoid branching strings of mycelium or form- ing a somewhat reticulate fimbriate membrane; pores minute, subrotund, equal, whitish inclining to cream color. “By its rhizomorphoid mycelium this species is related to P. Vaillantiu, but the pores are smaller and not collected in heaps as in that species. By reason of its tenacious substance it is readily separable even from an irregular matrix.” : I have recently had an opportunity to examine the types of this species, which are well preserved at Albany. According to Over- holts, the spores are ellipsoid, 2.5-3.5x2; cystidia pointed, abundant, reaching 10-15 » in diameter and projecting 10-30 pn. 33. PoRIA GRISEOALBA (Peck) Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6: 306. 1888 Polyporus griseoalbus Peck, Ann. Rep. N. Y. State Mus. 38: 91. 1885. Described as follows from specimens collected by Peck on soft, decaying wood of deciduous trees at Osceola, New York, in July. “Effused, thin, tender, adnate, uneven, scarcely margined, in- determinate, grayish-white, with a thin pulverulent subiculum; pores very minute, subrotund, often oblique. “The pores are sometimes collected in little heaps of tubercles as in P. molluscus and P. Vaillantu. In the dried state they are slightly tinged with creamy yellow.” The type specimens at Albany are pure-white, delicate, with fairly regular hymenium, reminding me somewhat of Poria tenuis Schw. and of plants referred to Poria vulgaris by many Amer- - ican mycologists. MurRRILL: LigHt-CoLORED RESUPINATE POLYPORES 303 34. Poria linearis sp. nov. Effused for many centimeters, continuous, inseparable, thin; margin not cottony, but membranous to leathery, appressed, broad and conspicuous, white or whitish; context quite conspicuous, tough, membranous, white to cream-colored, persistent ; hyme- nium appearing in scattered areas over the subiculum, becoming continuous but remaining somewhat uneven, white to pale- isabelline and at length pale-avellaneous; tubes rigid, thick- walled, oblique and appressed, often elongated to 1 cm. in length, 3 to a mm. or larger, mouths irregular, edges subentire; spores pip-shaped, smooth, hyaline, 5-7 x 3-4 p. Type collected on a dead, standing, corticated, hardwood trunk at Marraganti, Panama, April 3-9, 1908, Robert S. Williams 1127. Mature specimens are remarkable for the series of inter- rupted parallel lines made by the obliquely appressed, greatly elongated tubes. 35. Poria hondurensis sp. nov. Effused for several centimeters, the area covered much longer than wide, continuous, inseparable, thin; margin not cottony, in- conspicuous, white; context inconspicuous, a mere whitish mem- brane; hymenium even, milk-white and unchanging, considerably cracked in dried specimens; tubes rigid, angular, less than 1 mm. long, 3-4 to a mm., edges thin-walled, entire; spores ellipsoid, smoth, hyaline, 4x 2.5 p. Type collected on the trunk and branches of a dead hardwood tree in British Honduras, during the winter of 1907, by Morton FE. Peck. The wood remains rather firm but the bark has disap- peared where the fungus occurs. 36. Poria Johnstonii sp. nov. Effused for several centimeters, becoming continuous by con- fluence, inseparable, thin; margin conspicuous, cottony, milk- white even in dried specimens, much reduced with age; context thin, milk-white, of loosely-woven, cottony strands quite different from the usual membrane; hymenium uneven, white to cream- colored; tubes oblique, uniform in size and appearance, about I mm. long, angular, thin-walled, 3 to a mm., the edges projecting in long teeth; spore characters not satisfactorily obtained. 304 MYycoLociIA Type collected on the under side of a log of Pseudotsuga macrocarpa in the Upper San Antonio Canyon, San Antonio Mountains, Southern California, 5,700 ft. elevation, December 15, 1918, I. M. Johnston 252. | 37. Poria salicina sp. nov. Effused for many centimeters, becoming continuous by conflu- ence, inseparable, rather thick; margin slight, appressed, fim- briate, white, inconspicuous with age; context a white membrane as thin as writing-paper ; hymenium very uneven, white to cream- colored, glistening; tubes very thin-walled, somewhat collapsing and friable, mostly angular, very irregular in size and shape, 2-3 mm. long, usually about 3, but sometimes only I, to a mm., edges becoming toothed or lacerate; spores ellipsoid, smooth, hyaline, Anh X25. Type collected on a dead willow trunk at Fern Hollow, near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, October 16, 1906, David R. Sumstine 25. Also collected by Mr. Sumstine on the same host at Kittan- ning, Pennsylvania, September 8, 1907. 38. Poria perextensa sp. nov. Covering the under side of a large log, practically continuous, inseparable, thin; margin conspicuous, white, felty or cottony, the extreme edge composed of appressed, radiating fibers, often connected with mycelial cords; context white, membranous, per- sistent; hymenium uneven, following the irregularities of the substratum and developing in patches on the subiculum, at length continuous and changing from white to ochrofeucous and finally isabelline; tubes shallow and reticulate at first, maturing slowly, becoming I mm. long, angular, thin-walled, unequal, pliable and soft but not collapsing, 2-3 to a mm., edges entire to toothed or lacerate; spores subglobose to broadly ovoid, smooth, hyaline, 3 pb long. Type collected on a much-decayed log of a deciduous tree at “Boarstone Camp,” north of Willimantic, Maine, September 12-14, 1905, W. A. Murrill 2520. This camp, situated on the northern slope of Boarstone Mountain, was one of a number made by Mr. Ricker and myself during our explorations in Maine. MurRRILL: LiGHT-COLORED RESUPINATE POLYPORES 305 39. Poria hymeniicola sp. nov. Appearing in circular patches on the hymenium of a dead Tyromyces and increasing to 2 cm. or more in diameter, con- tinuous, inseparable, rather thick; margin cottony, conspicuous, pure-white even in dried specimens; context white, scarcely vis- ible as a membrane but filling many of the tubes of the T’yro- myces; hymenium uneven, white, glistening; tubes angular, thin- walled, reaching 2 mm. in length, about 5 to a mm. at maturity, a few considerably larger, edges entire to slightly toothed; spore characters not satisfactorily obtained. Type collected on old hymenophores of a species of Tyromyces attached to a dead poplar trunk at “Camp Sunday,” Medford Township, Maine, August 28, 1905, W. A. Murrill 1920. 40. Poria separans sp. nov. Widely effused, continuous, separating smoothly from the sub- stratum, rather thick; margin thin, cottony, white to cream- colored, scarcely apparent in old specimens; context a thin, tough, persistent, white membrane; hymenium very even, glistening, white to cream-colored; tubes thin-walled but not collapsing, regular in shape and size, reaching 2 mm. in length, concolorous within, angular, 4 to a mm., edges fimbriate-dentate ; spores sub- globose, hyaline, smooth, 5 p. Type collected on a dead log at East Hebron, New Hampshire, July 6, 1917, by Percy Wilson. 41. Poria roseitingens sp. nov. Appearing in small, irregular patches on the bark and becoming several centimeters in extent by growth and confluence, insep- arable, thin; margin filamentous, appressed, pure-white even in dried specimens, conspicuous in age; context white, a mere mem- brane; hymenium only tolerably even, milk-white when fresh, pale-rosy-isabelline when dry, except on the margin; tubes rather firm, very irregular in size, mostly 3 to a mm,, but often 1 mm. broad or larger, concolorous within, angular, thin-walled, edges entire to toothed or somewhat lacerate; spores copious, ellipsoid, hyaline, smooth, 3-4 x 2-2.5 p. Type collected on a dead corticated log of Pinus Massoniana at Cinchona, Jamaica, 5,000 ft. elevation, December 25—January 8, 1908-9, W. A. & Edna L. Murrill 407. 306 MYycoLoGIA 42. Poria Cokeri sp. nov. Appearing first in circular patches a few millimeters across, then increasing to a centimeter, and finally becoming confluent in areas 5 cm. or more long and 2 cm. wide, inseparable, rather thick, especially at the center of the patches; margin coarsely radiate- fibrous to membranous, conspicuous, 2-3 mm. broad when fairly young, milk-white even when dry; context white, membranous; hymenium somewhat uneven, white to slightly dirty-white, pale- ferruginous where bruised; tubes quite rigid, irregular in shape and size, 2-3 mm. long, concolorous within, mouths irregularly rounded or slightly angular, usually 3, but sometimes only 1, to a mm., edges entire to toothed; spores rounded-ovoid, smooth, hyaline, with a very distinct nucleus, 4x 3p. : Type collected on dead stems of a hedge of Ligustrum vulgare at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, December 9, 1914, W. C. Coker 1506. What appears to be the same species was collected on rot- ting hardwood logs at Star City, West Virginia, May 3, 1907, Carl P. Horiley 54: 43. Poria distorta sp. nov. Widely effused, following the irregularities of the substratum, more or Jess continuous, separable, of medium thickness, drying in concave, distorted masses; margin broad when young, white to slightly discolored, cottony to membranous; context white, con- spicuous, tough, membranous, persistent ; hymenium very uneven, often nodulose, white to cremeous or somewhat discolored; tubes often oblique, fairly regular in shape and size when fully mature, I-2 mm. long, concolorous within, thin-walled, angular, 4-5 to a mm., edges rather firm, entire to slightly toothed; spores ellip- soid, smooth, hyaline, 3.5x 2.5 p. Type collected on very rotten wood in Pink Bed Valley, near Asheville, North Carolina, about 4,000 ft. elevation, July 13-24, 1908, W. A. Murrill & H. D. House 427. 44. Poria submollusca sp. nov. Effused for several centimeters, continuous, inseparable, thin; margin cottony, delicate, conspicuous, milk-white even in dried specimens; context white, membranous; hymenium rather even, white, slightly cremeous in dried specimens ; tubes mostly oblique, showing a tendency to collapse at times, becoming irregular in size and shape, 1-2 mm. long, concolorous within, thin-walled, MurRILL: LiGHT-CoLORED RESUPINATE POLYPORES 307 mouths angular, 4-5 to a mm., edges at first entire but soon be- coming notched or lacerate; spore characters not satisfactorily obtained. Type collected on rotting bark and wood of hickory at St. Mar- tinsville, Louisiana, August 3, 1889, A. B. Langlois 1583. What appears to be the same species is in the Underwood herbarium, collected at Ocean Springs, Mississippi, in 1896, on decayed pieces of the wood and bark of some deciduous tree. 45. Poria lignicola sp. nov. Effused for several centimeters, becoming continuous, closely adhering, inseparable, thin; margin broad, conspicuous, white to pale-isabelline, cottony ; context tough, membranous, persistent, pale-isabelline ; hymenium even, glistening, pale-rosy-isabelline ; tubes rigid, regular, angular, less than 1 mm. long, often oblique, thin-walled, 3-4 to a mm., edges almost entire; spore characters not satisfactorily obtained. Type collected on a decorticated hardwood log at Alto Cedro, Cuba, March 19-20, 1905, F. S. Earle & W. A. Murmrill 482. Also collected at the same time on a similar host, F. S. Earle & W.A. Murrill 448. 46. Poria montana sp. nov. Effused for several centimeters, continuous, inseparable, rather thick; margin very slight, thin, closely appressed, pure-white even in dried specimens; context white, ordinarily a mere mem- brane, but in cracks or hollows in the decayed substratum becom- ing dense and cottony ; hymenium even, glistening, white to straw- colored; tubes rigid, fairly regular in shape and size, angular, about 6 to a mm. and reaching 3 mm. in length, edges thin, entire ; spore characters not satisfactorily obtained. Type collected on a well-rotted coniferous trunk near New Haven Gap, above Cinchona, Jamaica, 5,600 ft. elevation, Janu- ary 4, 19090, W. A. & Edna L. Murrill 765. 47. Poria arachnoidea sp. nov. Effused for several centimeters, continuous, inseparable, thin; margin broad and very delicate, like a spider’s web, white to cream-colored; context inconspicuous; hymenium even, white to 308 MycoLoctIa cream-colored, glistening, continuous at maturity; tubes delicate, regular, angular; scarcely 1 mm. long, 4 to a mm., edges very thin-walled, entire; spore characters not satisfactorily obtained. Type collected on a much-decayed piece of oak wood near St. Martinsville, Louisiana, October 25, 1897, A. B. Langlois 2550. Also collected: at Opeloussas, Louisiana, May 14, 1889, A. B. Langlois 1734. Accompanying the Jatter specmieneisia field note referring to the arachnoid, white subiculum as a very peculiar character. New York BOTANICAL GARDEN. DARLUCA ON PERIDERMIUM PECKII* J. F. ApaMs — (WITH PLATE 21) The genus Darluca in the family Sphaeropsidiaceae of the Fungi Imperfecti includes species which are reported on the leaves of deciduous plants as well as being parasitic on the Uredineae. , Darluca filum (Biv.) Cast. is a species most commonly men- tioned as a frequent parasite on various species of Uredinales. Saccardo’ states that it is uredinicolis and Sydow’® and Grove® refer to it as a parasite growing on the uredo layer. Lindau" reports it as costnopolitan on aecidia of various uredinia. Ros- trup'* lists it on Chrysonwea abictis (2346). Cornu’ says it at- tacks the telia of Puccinia Prunorum and Puccima Caricis. Fuckel® finds it on urediniospores of various species and telio- spores of Uromyces Cytissi. Tulasne’® reports Diplodia punc- tata which corresponds to Darluca filum on Uredo farinosa, U. falicis, U. Euphorbiae and U. Epilobu. Broisi? has mentioned this parasite on Puccinia bromia and Puccimia Triseti. | McAlpine” finds it quite common for the uredo-layer to be at- tacked by this fungus and has found it upon 24 per cent of the species of Puccima. “It occurs on aecidia, uredo and teleuto layers, and is recorded on Uromyces, Uromycladium, Puccinia, Phragmidium and in Uredo. Cobb® unquestionably discusses this same parasite in connection with the peach rust (Tranecheha punctata). He states “I fre- quently find among the Uredospores of a parasite of this rust small black pycnidia producing a multitude of two-celled spores, which when placed in a moist chamber often bud and multiply after the manner of yeast plants, but which occasionally produce a mycelium. Further, I find in the pustules of a number of Aus- tralian rusts similar tiny black pycnidia, producing similar two- * Contribution from the Department of Botany, The Pennsylvania State College, No. 23. 009 310 MyYcCoLoGIA celled spores which behave in precisely the same manner. Among other rusts producing these bodies is that occurring on Acacias, and that which occurs on a species of Agropyron, probably the species scabrum. There a priort two ways accounting for these pycnidia, either (1) they are parasites on the rust, or (2) they are an integral part of the rust, and represent another spore form of the rust.” “These two-celled bodies have, as I have in several occasions publicly remarked, no slight resemblance to the so- called spermagonia of several species of Aecidium and this idea has already been fruitful of considerable discussion. Do not the various bodies that have in this connection been called sperma- gonia and spermatia need a more careful examination than they have yet received. * Halsted*® reports it on the uredo sorus of the asparagus rust and “in some localities this parasite upon the asparagus rust has been so abundant as to make it difficult to find a fully developed bd rust spot free from Darluca.” Sirrine* finds it spreads upon the uredo stage of the asparagus rust. “ During past summer (1900) Darluca attacked the aecidial stage of the rust about June 10. We have even found sori in which the uredospores were apparently destroyed by Darluca while at the bottom of the sorus a layer of evidently healthy winter spores would be found.” He is of the opinion “that Darluca attacks the spores of only the aecidial and uredo stages and does not injure the vegetative portions.” Clin- ton’ reports it on the aecia, uredinia and telia of the asparagus rust and occurring on the carnation and blue grass rust. Pam- mel and Hodson** consider it does much to prevent the ravages of the asparagus rust and report it common in I900 on corn rust. Darluca filum is frequently found on Kueneola obtusa in the eastern states. I have studied also material growing on Coleo- sportum delicatulum on Euthamia tenuifolium and on Dicaeoma poculiforme on Phleum pratense. Ellis and Everhart list Darluca arcuata on the andropogan rust which differs from D. filum by having three celled spores. | The parasite is easily recognized when found on the Uredinia and telia sori. It appears to overrun the sori after developing ageregate black pycnidia that appear as in a stroma. It ap- parently checks spore formation and distribution. ADAMS: DARLUCA ON PERIDERMIUM PECKII Si I have been unable to find in the literature where Darluca fulum has been reported on any species of rusts attacking Gymno- sperms. The writer collected material of Peridermium Pecku on Tsuga canadensis at Charter Oak, Center County, Pa., for study in the early stages of the development of the aecidium. The material was collected May 20, 1917 and at this time it was possible to find infected leaves with immature as well as sporu- lating aecia. The young infected leaves are easily recognized by their yellow appearance. At this time there was no evidence of Darluca growing on any of the rust infected leaves. The para- site was only recognized on examining sections through rust in- fected leaves of material collected in 1917. During the spring of 1919 rust infected leaves of hemlock were carefully examined and in several instances mature aecia were found which were parasitized with Darluca. ‘The black pycnidia could be recognized in the sori but not as conspicuous as found on other species of rust. The infection can be easily overlooked. Additional material was collected and fixed for further study. On the leaves of hemlock, Peridermium Pecku forms two rows of conspicuous cylindrical aecia which are erumpent on the under surface. The pycnia develop subcuticularly and frequently were formed on the upper surface but more commonly on the under surface of the needle. The mycelium of the rust is distributed throughout the leaf and the aecial primordia originate between the fibro vascular bundle and lateral resin duct. It has been observed that the aecia rupture at a stoma possibly because of least resistance. ‘The mycelium of the parasite is similar in size to that of the rust but can be distinguished easily by the smaller nuclei, less cytoplasmic contents and sparsely septate mycelium. Infection by Darluca may occur with the aecial primordia or mature aecia. When the primordia of the aecia are infected con- siderable disorganization of the rust mycelium occurs. The pycnidia of the parasite appear to suppress development by en- croachment. The hyphae making up the aecial primordia do not show the normal nuclei or protoplasmic contents. These hyphae by their strong affinity for the stain and poor stainable contents a2 ; MYycoLoGiIA indicate their disorganization. No further cytological evidence could be observed between the parasite and rust. The prepara- tions were examined carefully for haustoria or other penetration of the rust mycelium by the parasite. Where mature aecia are infected the parasite appears to be concerned in suppressing spore distribution. The pycnidia develop in the aecial cup with the peridia still entact. Only a few mature spores are found below the pycnidium. The mycelium of the parasite ramifies through- out the spore mass and appears to engulf the spores. Several instances were found where the pycnia were parasitized upon the upper surface of leaves. Considerable disorganization -of the pycnia were observed to follow such infection. I have been unable to find in the literature where this rust stage has been re- ported infected by Darluca. My observations indicate that the resultant effect of the para- site is to prevent aecia maturing and suppress spore distribution. Owing to the deep origin of the aecia, the pycnidia of the parasite are submerged or endogenous and not easily recognized in con- trast to its growth on other species of rusts. This sort of hidden relation between parasite and rust may be more common than heretofore supposed. Sappin Trouffy?® has studied Darluca filum on the uredinia of Puccinia Porri. He finds the mycelium ramifies throughout the sori and becomes attached to the urediniospores by “ crampons.” It is stated that the parasite assumes a “ role destructeur.” His illustration (Fig. 2) shows the mycelium of the parasite in the - uredinia with apparent haustoria penetrating the sub-basal cells . of the sori as well as the “crampons” attached to spores. He finds the parasite presents the same characters on Puccimia grami- mis and Puccini Menthae. I have been unable to observe this situation in any of my preparations. The original description of Darluca by Castagne* and that given by Saccardo’ is different with respect to the morphology of the spores. I have not been able to determine the reason for the change from the original description by Saccardo.*” The follow- ing discussion presents the facts so far as I am able to determine regarding the presence or absence of bristle spores. ADAMS: DARLUCA ON PERIDERMIUM PECKII , 313 Bivona described this parasite as Sphaeria filum (Tab. 3, f. 1, C. C. D. E.) but no mention is made of bristle spores. Castagne+* established the genus Darluca making Darluca vagans (Cast. herb.) and Sphaeria filum Biv. synonyms and the fungus then - became known as Darluca filum (Biv.) Cast. Castagne* makes no reference to the presence of bristle spores and that he took cognizance of the other synonyms is indicated in the following quotation. “Cette plante a d’abord été décrité par Bivona sous le nom de Sphaeria filum, M. Fries dans son Systema mycolo- gicum, t. 2, p. 547, en fit son Phoma filum, puis dans 1|’Elenchus fungorum, t. 2, p. 119, il l’a rangée dans le genre Septoria; elle devint le Septoria filum. M. le Docteur Montagne est de la meme opinion et la place dans la tribu des Ascospora; C'est pour lui le Septoria (Ascospora) filum. M. le Docteur Léveillé pense que c’est un Diplodia qu’on pourrait désigner sous le nom de Diplodia punctata; M. Desmazieres en fait un Hendersonia et il le décrit sous le nom d’Hendersonia uredinaecola (Ann. deaaac:Nat., 3 serie, t. IT, p. 345), et un Diplodia dans les Plantes Crypt. de France, 1486, sous le nom de Diplodia uredi- naecola; enfin M. Berkeley, que j'ai consulté sur cette contro- verse, pense qu’on doit en faire un Sphaeronema. La varété d’opinion des premiers cryptogamistes d’Europe a’ ce sujet, m’en- gage a proposer la création d’une genre nouveau pour botanistes sous le nom de Darluca vagans. Le.Nom de Darluca est un hom- mage rendu a la mémoire de Michel Darluc, docteur en medecine, mort en 1783, anteur d’une histoire naturelle de Provence.” No mention is made of bristle spores in Hendersonia (Sphaero- spora) uredineaecola Desmaz. or Diplodia (Hyalospora) uredi- neaecola Desmaz. ‘The descriptions as well as the illustrations of the spores in Phoma Filum Fr. and Darluca vagans Cast. are without bristles. So far as I have been able to determine the first mention of bristle spores is in Saccardo’s!® description of Darluca Cast. where he states that the spores are “ untrinque mucosa—vel. sub- penicillata-apiculatae’’ and in Darluca filum ( Biv.) Cast. he states the spores are described as “breve mucosa-penicillatis.” How- ever, in the case of Darluca Sorgh Zimm. no mention is made of a4 | MycoLoGIa bristle spores. Lindau? illustrates the spores with two or three bristles at each end. Sappin-Trouffy’® in his studies of this parasite has failed to observe the presence of bristle spores. Underwood?? refers to the spores as similar to Ascochyta and Actinonema which are without bristle appendages. Blodgett? illustrated this parasite on the carnation rust but did not observe the presence of bristle spores. I have failed to find the presence of bristles on young or mature spores of this parasite growing on the three species of rust I have studied. In this respect the form I have studied would agree with the original description of Castagne and Bivona. It is pos- sible that another form appears similar to this species but with bristle spores, in which case it should be considered as a new species. A monograph of this genus undoubtedly would clear up the inconsistency with respect to the morphology of the spores. The bristles may be present only with young spores as indicated in the species Darluca Bivonae Fuckel as Allescher reports the young spores possess bristle ends but absent with mature spores. Saccardo?® lists Darluca Sorght Zimm. as a parasite on Puc- cinia purpureae without bristle spores. This species agrees with Castagne’s original description as well as with the form I have studied. The pycnidia vary somewhat in size on the three species of rust I have studied but agree with the measurements of other authors. Castagne says the spores vary from two to three celled but the three celled are rare. Slight variations in the spores are found but not so great as to designate them as separate species. I have found the spores uniformly two-celled. Saccardo gives the following measurements: Darluca filum, 3 to 4X15 to 18p; Darluca Sorght, 4 to 13x16p. The following spore measure- ments I have taken from fresh material: Darluca filum (Biv.) Cast. on Peridermium Pecku, 3 to 4x13 to 19n; Darluca filum (Biv.) Cast. on Coleosporium delicatulum, 3 to 7x10 to 16n; Darluca filum (Biv.) Cast. on Puccinia graminis, 3 to 7x12 to 16 pb. STATE COLLEGE, Pa. VOLUME 12, PLATE 21 MyYCOLOGIA DARLUCA ON PERIDERMIUM PECKII “7 a ADAMS: DARLUCA ON PERIDERMIUM PECKII 315 REFERENCES 1. Allescher, A. In Rabenhorst Kryptogamen-Flora 6: 792. 1901. 2. Blodgett, F. H. A Parasite upon Carnation Rust. N. Y. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bwli; 175. . 1900. 3. Briosi, G. Rassegna crittogamica dell’ anno 1909 con notizie sulle malattie dei trifoglie e delle veccie causate da parassiti vegetali. Bollet del Minist di Agricolt. industr. e commercia 7..9. Ser. C. 1910. 4. Castagne, L. Supplement an Catalogue Des Plantes 53-56. 1851. Bcunton, G. P. Conn. Agr. Exp. Sta. Report. 1904. 6. Cobb, N. A. Letters on The Diseases of Plants, N. S. Wales Dept. Agri. Bull. 149. 1897. 7. Cornu, M. Sur quelques champignons parasites des Uredinees Bull. de la Societe bot. de France 222. 1883. 8. Fuckel. Symbolae Myc. 387. g. Grove, W. B. The British Rust Fungi. Cambridge, 1913. 10. Halsted, B. D. The Asparagus-Rust, Its Treatment and Natural Enemies. New Jersey Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 129. 1808. 11. Lindau, G. In die Naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien 368. 1900. Leipzig. 12. McAlpine, D. The Rusts of Australia. Melbourne, 1906. 13. Pammel, L. H., and Hodson, E. R. The Asparagus Rust in Iowa. Iowa Aor Exp. ota. Bull.53. .1900. 14. Rostrup, E. Danish Fungi as represented in the Herbarium of E. Rostrup. Revised by J. Lind, 1903, Copenhagen. 15. Saccardo, P. A. Sylloge Fungorum 3: 410. 16. Sappin-Trouffy, N. Recherches Mycologiques. Le Botaniste 5: 5-244. 1896. : 17, -oirmne, FV. A;-. Spraying for Asparagus Rust, N. Y. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 188. 1900. i 18. Sydow, P., and H. Monographie Uredinearum 1: 18. 1904. Leipzig. 19. Tulasne, L., and Ch. Second memoire sur les Uredinees et les Ustila- ginees. An. des. Sc. Nat. 83. 1854. 20. Underwood, L. M. Moulds, Mildews, and Mushrooms. New York, 1899. EXPLANATION OF PLATE 21 Fig. 1. Photomicrograph of a cross section of the pycnidium of Darluca filum on the aecium of Peridermium Peckii. Just below the pycnidium the disorganized aecium is evident. The basal cells and sub-basal tissue is com- pletely collapsed. Several aeciospores are evident below the pycnidium. Fig. 2. Photomicrograph of a cross section of the pycnidium of Darluca flum on the primordium of the aecium of Peridermium Peckti. The pri- mordium of the aecium is evident just below the pycnidium. The primordium is not disorganized but the cells have degenerated and show little protoplasmic contents. Early infection of a primordium prevents any further development. Fig. 3. Mycelium of Darluca filum ramifying and engulfing the aeciospores in a mature aecium of Peridermium Pecku. Plasmolysis of the spores is associated with the establishment of Darluca. Fig. 4. Various stages in spore development of Darluca filum. Fig. 5. Typical two celled spores of Darluca filum. A LIST OF THE PYRENOMYCETES OF PORTO RICO COLLECTED BY H. H. WHETZEL AND E. W. OLIVE’ CarRLos E. CHARDON The following list of Pyrenomycetes of Porto Rico is based on material collected by Prof. H. H. Whetzel and Dr. Bo W Olive during a brief stay at the Island in the spring of 1916. A de- tailed account of their expedition need not be given here, since it has been previously published.2 Their attention was directed mainly towards the rusts, but fungi belonging to other groups were also collected. The Pyrenomycetes stand in second place from the standpoint of the number of species collected. The Uredinales have been studied by Dr. J: C. Arthur sand recemely: several papers have appeared dealing with some of the Pyreno mycetes* » ®, However, a detailed list of the members of this eroup has not been published, and since many of them are dis- cussed in the papers of Prof. F. L. Stevens and his students, it has been relatively easy to identify most of the specimens, in as far as they are known. All: doubtful determinations have been excluded. Specimens representing what are believed to be new species have been set aside for further study. During the preparation of the list, help has been received from a number of mycologists. I wish especially to acknowledge my indebtedness to Prof. F. L. Stevens of the University of Illinois, Prof. C. R. Orton of Pennsylvania College, Mr: C.Gx Bigva an Cincinnati, Ohio, Prof. F. S. Earle of the Insular Experiment Station at Rio Piedras, P. R., and Dr. F. J. Seaver of the New 1 Two species of Hysteriales are included. 2 Brook. Bot. Gard. Rep. 5: 117-121. 1916. 3 Mycologia 9: 55-104. 1917. 4 Mycologia 11: 163-167. 1919. 5 Mycologia 12: 93-98. 1920. 6 Mycologia 12:206-267. 1920. 316 - CHARDON: PYRENOMYCETES COLLECTED IN Porto Rico 317 York Botanical Garden. Finally, an expression of my appre- ciation is due to Prof. H. M. Fitzpatrick, who suggested the pub- lication of the list and who assisted in the preparation of the ‘manuscript, and to Perot. iin ki Whetzel. who has placed at my disposal all of his material. ; A total of 112 specimens, representing 65 species, is listed below. The date of the collection has been omitted in all cases. Following the citation of the locality, the accession numbers ap- plied to the specimens by the collectors are given. I Pays RERIALES . LEMBOSIA COccoOLOBAE Earle.. On Coccolobis uvifera. Mayaguez, 522, 523. 2. LEMBOSIA DIFFUSA Winter. On Miconia prasina. Maricao, 665. I PERISPORIALES I. Erysiphaceae So far as known, the members of this group never develop perithecia under the climatic conditions of the island, and are known only in the oidium stage. Hence, only tentative determinations based on the host can be made. It has seemed best, therefore, to omit them from the present list. 2. Perisporiaceae . DIMERIUM GRAMMODES (Kuntze) Garman. On Crotalaria retusa. Anasco, 663; Mayaguez, 648, 662. On Meibomia barbata. Anasco, 652; El Duque, 66r. On Phaseolus adenanthus. Mayaguez, 660; Tanama River, 659. On Vigna repens. Mayaguez, 536, 653. . DIMERIUM STEVENSII Garman. On Cordia corymbosa. Mayaguez, 637. . MeEtiIoLtA ANDIRAE Earle. On Andira jantaicensis. Mayaguez, 583. . MELIOLA BICORNIS var. CALOPOGONIS Stevens. On Calopogonium orthocarpum. Utuado, 614. . MELIOLA DIFFENBACHIAE Stevens. On Diffenbachia sequine. Mayaguez, 585, 686. . MELIOLA GLABROIDES Stevens. On Sauvagesia erecta. Maricao, 616. . MELIOLA GUAREICOLA Stevens. On Guarea trichiloides. Mayaguez, 593. . MetrioLta IPOMOEAE Earle. On Ipomoea batatis. Mayaguez, 605. On Ipomoea tiliacea. Mayaguez, 606. 318 MycoLociIa ra, 12. 13. TA. Tse 16. V7. 18. 19. 20. 22% 24. 25. 26. 27. bo ao MELIOLA LONGIPODA Gaill. On Cordia borinquensis. El Yunque, 670. MELIOLA MAYAGUESIANA Stevens. On Palicourea procea. Mayaguez, 589, 596. MELIOLA MELASTOMACEARUM Speg. On Miconia racemosa. Mayaguez, 588. MELIOLA NIGRA Stevens. On Laguncularia racemosa. Mayaguez, 587. MeELioLa PANicr Earle. On Icanthus pallens. Mayaguez, 579; El Yunque, 577. On Olyra latifolia. Maricao, 552. On Panicum glutinosum. Maricao, 578. MELIOLA PAULLINIAE Stevens. On Paullinia pinnata. Mayaguez, 598. MeE.ioLa Psipir Fr. On Psidium guajava. Mayaguez, 600, 737, 529; Maricao, 599. MELIOLA PSYCOTRIAE Earle. On Randia aculeata. Barceloneta, 607, 608. MELIOLA PTERIDICOLA Stevens. On Adiantum latifolium. Mayaguez, 582, 620, 581. MELIOLA SEPULTA Pat. On Avicennia nitida. Martin Pena, 612. . MeLioLta TECOMAE Stevens. On Tecoma pentaphylla. Maricao, 595. . MELIOLA TORTUOSA Wint. On Piper peltatum. Mayaguez, 591. PERISPORIUM BROMELIAE Stevens. On Bromelia pinguin. Barceloneta, 504; Mayaguez, 505. PERISPORIUM TRUNCATUM Stevens. On Inga laurina. Maricao, 601. On Inga vera. Mayaguez, 533, 602. 3. Coryneliaceae CORYNELIA PORTORICENSIS Fitzpatrick. On Podocarpus coriaceus. Maricao, 698. 4. Microthyriaceae MICROPELTIS AERUGINESCENS Rehm. On Rourea glabra. Rio Piedras, 645. III. HYPOCREALES T, Nectriaceae CALONECTRIA ERUBESCENS (Rob.) Sacc. On Piper peltatum, generally associated with a Meliola (M. Tortuosa?). Maricao, 592; Mayaguez, 603, 590. . CREONECTRIA Batnit (Massee) Seaver. On pods of Theobroma cacao. Mayaguez, no accession: number. 29. 30. B25 33+ 34. 35- 36. 37- 38. 39. AO. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. CHARDON: PYRENOMYCETES COLLECTED IN Porto Rico 319 CREONECTRIA GRAMMICOSPORA (F. & W.) Seaver. On dead branch of tree. Maricao, no accession number. MEGALONECTRIA PSEUDOTRICHIA (Schw.) Seaver. On dead branch of tree. Maricao, 731. On dead bar of Cordia macrophylla. Mayaguez, 678. . SCOLECONECTRIA TETRASPORA Seaver. On fence post. Mayaguez, 672. SPHAEROSTILBE COCCOPHILA (Desmaz.) Tul. On scale insects on Citrus decumana. Barceloneta, 728. 2. Hypocreaceae DoTHICHLOE ARISTIDAE Atkinson. On Aristida portoricensis. Mayaguez, 695. HYPOCRELLA TAMONEAE Earle. On Miconia sp. Maricao, 472. HYPOCRELLA TURBINATA (Berk.) Seaver. On Adiantum petiolatum. Mayaguez, 716, 717. On Adiantum pulverulentum. Mayaguez, 722. On Adiantum sp. Mayaguez, 718, 719, 720, 721; Maricao, 723; Anasco, 724. HyPOCRELLA GUARANITICA Speg. On Inga laurina. Maricao, 734. Ly DOTHIDEALES AUERSWALDIA CECROPIAE P. Henn. On Cecropia peltata. Mayaguez, 569; Barceloneta, 570. AUERSWALDIA MIconrAE P. Henn. On Miconia sp. Maricao, 697, 696. CATACAUMELLA GOUANIAE Stevens. On Gouania lupuloides. Mayaguez, 562; Maricao, 470. On Gouania polygama. Maricao, 565. DoOTHIDELLA FLAVA Stevens. On Lithacne pauciflora. Mayaguez, 547, 425. . MYRIOGENOSPORA BRESADOLEANA P. Henn. On Andropogon bicornis. Rio Piedras, 681, 682. On Axonopus compressus. Mayaguez, 683. On Icanthus pallens. Tanama River, 686. On Paspalum conjugatum. Maricao, 684, 685. PHYLLACHORA ANDROPOGONIS (Schw.) Karst. & Har. On Paspalum notatum. Barceloneta, 558. PHYLLACHORA BourRrERIAE Stevens & Dalby. On Bourreria succulenta. Barceloneta, 572. PHYLLACHORA CYPERI Rehm. On Cyperus giganteum. Mayaguez, 576. PHYLLACHORA ENGLERI Speg. On Anthurium dominicense. El Yunque, 644. PHYLLACHORA GALACTIAE Earle. On Galactia striata. Barceloneta, 575; San German, 57/7. 390 MYCOLOGIA 47. 48. 49. Or GA, 52) 53. 54- 5: 56. 5a: 58. 59- 60. PHYLLACHORA GRAMINIS (Pers.) Fuckel. On Valota insularis. Barceloneta, 551. PHYLLACHORA MAYEPEAE Stevens & Dalby. On Mayepea domingensis. Maricao, 567. PHYLLACHORA MINUTA P. Henn. On Paritium tiliaceum. Catano, 650. PHYLLACHORA NITENS Garman. On Schlegelia brachyantha. El Yunque, 640. PHYLLACHORA PERIBEBUYENSIS Speg. On Tetrazygia elaeagnoides. Barceloneta, 636. PHYLLACHORA PHASEOLI P. Henn. On Phaseolus adenanthus. Tanam River, 659. PHYLLACHORA RouREAE Sydow. On Rourea glatra. Mayaguez, 626; El Yunque, 646. PHYLLACHORA SECURIDACAE P. Henn. On Securidaca virgata. Mayaguez, 564; Maricao, 563. PHYLLACHORA SPHAEROSPERMA Wint. On Cenchrus echinatus. Campo Alegre, 437. V. SPHAERIALES 1. Cucurbitariaceae ROSTRONITSCHKIA NERVINCOLA Fitzpatrick. On Gesneria albiflora. Maricao, 699. 2. Coryneliaceae7 7 The Coryneliaceae are included above under the Perisporiales. 3. Mycosphaerellaceae GUIGNARDIA PIPERICOLA Stevens. On Piper medium. Rio Piedras, 635. MycoSPHAERELLA DIDYMOPANICIS Miles. On Didymopanax Morotoni. Maricao, 516. On Didymopanax sp. Maricao, 515. MycoSPHAERELLA PErRSEAE Stevens. On Persea gratissima. Yauco, 337. 4: Pleosporaceae PHYSALOSPORA ANDIRAE Stevens. On Andira jamaicensis. Martin Pena, 566. 5. Clypeosphaeriaceae . LINOSPORA TRICHOSTIGMAE Stevens. On Trichostigma octandra. Yauco, 656. CHARDON : PPYRENOMYCETES COLLECTED IN Porto Rico 321 6. Xylariaceae . NUMMULARIA CINCTA Ferd. & Wing. On wood. Maricao, 675. . XYLARTIA APICULATA Cooke. On wood. Mayaguez, 674. . XYLARIA ARISTATA Mont. On dead leaves of Clusia rosea. Mayaguez, 677. . XYLARIA AXIFERA Mont. On fallen herbaceous stems. Maricao, no accession number. DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, CoRNELL UNIVERSITY, IvHaca, N.Y. THE FUNGI OF BLACKSBURG, VIRGINIA W. A. MuRRILL During the latter half of July, 1920, the following fungi—over 150 species—were found by the writer in the vicinity of Blacks- burg, Virginia, mostly in oak-chestnut groves with white oak predominating. The elevation is 2,200 feet and the underlying rock near the town is Trenton limestone, while on Brush Moun- tain, a mile or two to the north, the soil had its origin in subcar- boniferous shales and sandstones. On account of the excellent season, many valuable field notes and several novelties were ob- tained, especially of the fleshy forms. Attention is called to ob- servations in connection with Ceriomyces retipes, Hexagona alveolaris, Vaginata plumbea, and Venenarius cothurnatus. A. Ao COMVECE TES Bulgaria rufa. More abundant than I have ever before seen it, on fallen dead branches and trunks of white oak in Preston’s Woods and elsewhere. Hypomyces lactifluorum. Common where I found it last year and enjoyed a mess of it mixed with the common Chanterel. Leotia stipitata. B. HYMENOMYCEDES a. TREMELLALES Tremella frondosa. Tremella mycetophila. On Gymnopus dryophilus. Tremella sparassoidea. Under white oak. See figure and description by Overholts in Mycologia for May, 1920. b. AGARICALES 1. Thelephoraceae Craterellus cornucopioides. Found three times. Lachnocladium Schweinitzii. Abundant. Thelephora spp. Three or four interesting species, mostly of the T. palmata group. 2. Clavariaceae Clavaria cristata. Found twice on a hillside in Preston’s Woods growing in dense clusters among grass and leaves. Lemon-yellow, with a distinct odor difficult to define, the taste bitterish but not farinaceous. Clavaria flava. Frequent in shaded situations. a22 THE FUNGI OF BLACKSBURG, VIRGINIA B20 Clavaria fusiformis. Found twice. A splendid typical cluster was collected under Rhododendron maximum at the foot of Brush Mountain near Kanode’s Mill. Clavaria inaequalis. Found once. Clavaria muscoides. A small species growing in moss at the base of a white oak in Preston’s Woods. Lemon-yellow throughout, fragile, taste fari- naceous and bitterish, odor none. Clavaria sp. In leaf-mold under an oak in Preston’s Woods. Large and beautifully colored, reminding one of a bunch of coral. Rose-pink and -flavous to slightly chrome-yellow. Flavor fine, odor none. Dr. Coker has found this species in North Carolina and will describe it. 3. Hydnaceae Hydnellum zonatum?. Gregarious and abundant on a dry bank on Brush Mountain among roots and weeds. Thin, dry, small, with pale marz’n and strongly farinaceous odor and taste. Manina cordifornuis. Found in Preston’s Woods in a dead spot on a living trunk of pig-nut hickory. Steccherinum adustum. Common. I found a fine clump on a white oak log. Steccherinum pulcherrimum. On a white oak log. Large, imbricate, isabel- line with fulvous strains on the surface; context tough, sweetish. 4. Xylophagaceae Merulius tremellosus. On a white oak log. 5. Polyporaceae Byerkandera adusta. Cerrena unicolor. Coriolus versicolor. Daedalea confragosa. Daedalea juniperina. On red cedar stump on the bank of Toms Creek. This rate species was previously known from Kansas, Missouri, Kentucky, and ‘South Carolina, always confined to red cedar. -Daedalea quercina. On an oak stump. A rare species in this locality. Elfvingia lobata. Abundant on white oak stumps and at the base of living red maple, hickory, white oak, etc. Evidently parasitic, like its northern relative, E. megaloma. Fulvifomes Robiniae. Common on black locust trunks about Blacksburg and at Mountain Lake. Grifola Berkeleyi. I found three very large specimens, all growing by oak trees. Grifola flavovirens. On the ground in woods, where I found it many years ago. : Hexagona alveolaris. Common on fallen hickory branches. WH. striatula was also common on the same host but not on the same actual branch. I think it is undoubtedly only a variety of H. alveolaris; Tn Europe, this species causes a serious disease of the English walnut and we must be prepared to expect it in our walnut and hickory orchards in this country. Laetiporus sulphureus. Covering an oak stump. 324 ; MycoLociIa Polyporus arcularius. Frequent on fallen sticks. Polyporus elegans. Poronidulus conchifer. Pycnoporus cinnabarinus. On oak fence rails,—an uncommon host. Tyromyces lacteus. Tyromyces semipileatus. On a white oak log. 6. Boletaceae Ceriomyces affinis. Found twice. Ceriomyces bicolor. Ceriomyces chromapes. Ceriomyces communis. Abundant. Ceriomyces edulis. Found a few times,—the brown form only. Ceriomyces fumosipes. Found once or twice. Ceriomyces griseus. Found several times, usually growing alone, but once near C. retipes. The species is very distinct from C. retipes and is never bitter, even in old plants. Ceriomyces retipes. Several beautiful yellow specimens were found in oak groves, none of them resembling C. ornatipes in color, and all of them very distinct from C. griseus. Careful observations were made on all specimens found, and it was established beyond a doubt that C. retipes is decidedly bitter in all stages and therefore unfit for food, while C. griseus is edible. The stipe is much the same in both species but in C. griseus the reticula-— tions are smaller and more shallow. The tubes; flesh, and surface, as well as taste, are decidedly different in the two plants. Ceriomyces subglabripes. Found two or three times in grassy oak woods. Pileus reddish-fulvous, glabrous, rugose; flesh lemon-yellow, with taste re- minding one of potassium nitrate; tubes and stipe also lemon-yellow. Ceriomyces sp. Gregarious under white oaks. Fulvous, rugose, 7-10 cm. in diameter; context nutty, white, becoming skin-colored when bruised; tubes lemon-yellow, browning when bruised; stipe yellowish, chaffy, 10-12 X 2-2% cm. Characterized by numerous scurfy particles on the stipe. I found upon my return that Dr. Coker had recently collected this same species in North Carolina, so I have suggested that he name it and include the Blacks- burg locality. Rostkovites granulatus. Strobilomyces strobilaceus. Frequent. Suillellus luridus. Abundant. Tylopilus felleus. Very common and large. ‘One group was practically white, growing in an opening in the woods. Could they have been bleached ? Tylopilus gracilis. ; 7, Agaricaceae Agaricus sp. Only two specimens were found and these were solitary at different points in oak groves. Armillaria putrida. Found: only once. Chanterel Chantarellus. Abundant. Chanterel floccosus. THE FUNGI OF BLACKSBURG, VIRGINIA 325 Chanterel infundibuliformis. Clitocybe adirondackensis. Quite abundant in white oak woods, growing gregariously. Clitocybe illudens. Frequent about stumps in fields and woods. ’ Coprinus fimetarius. Coprinus micaceus. Cortinarius semisanguineus. Frequent. Cortinarius sp. Very common in oak woods and found about the same time a year ago. A striking species with fulvous cap and very distant gilis. It is usually strongly umbonate when young. Cortinellus rutilans. Beside a pitch pine stump on an exposed bank on Brush Mountain. Entoloma commune. Growing on grassy ground under white oaks. Entoloma Grayanum. Half a dozen plants found growing gregariously in one spot. : - Entoloma pallidum. On the ground in oak woods. Galerula crispa. Found in a straw pile in an open field. Geopetalum angustatum. Found twice. Geopetalum petaloides. In+an open grassy spot under white oaks. Found only once, but I do not recall having seen-it in Virginia before. Gymnopus dryophilus. Symnopus exsculptus. Found on dead wood on Brush Mountain. The mar- gin of the pileus had become nearly black. Gymnopus platyphyllus. Frequent. Gymnopus radicatus. I found a large, gray form like G. longipes, with nearly glabrous stipe and another just like it, only with a cream umbo. Both were slimy and rugose on the surface. Gymnopus strictipes. Hebeloma sp. Gregarious and very abundant in low places under elm, birch, and fir trees on the college campus. Pileus cream-colored, slightly viscid. with mealy odor and taste; stipe milk-white. Hydrocybe ceracea. Hydrocybe conica. Growing gregariously in the grass at the edge of woods. Hydrocybe flammea. Quite common; sometimes very small. Hydrocybe psittacina. Hypholoma appendiculatum. Hypholoma lacrymabundum.. Found once. Inocybe geophylla. Found twice. Inocybe spp. Probably six species, which I have not determined. Laccaria laccata. Common. Laccaria ochropurpurea. Two plants found. Lactaria Indigo. Found once. Easily recognized by its color. Lactaria lactiflua. Abundant. Lactaria piperata. Abundant. Lactaria scrobiculata. An attractive species having concentric zones and being tomentose on the margin when young. This was found under white oaks in Karr’s Woods where I saw it several years ago. Lactaria subdulcis. 326 MycoLoGIa Lactaria spp. One resembling L. varia, but with broad, distant gills. Another near L. cinerea. Very uniform in appearance and size. In dry, grassy places under white oaks in Preston’s Woods. Marasmius glabellus. Marasmius oreades. Abundant. Marasmius rotula. Marasmius spp. Several which I have not determined. Melanoleuca alboflavida. Rather abundant in a semi-shaded spot in oak woods, growing in leaf-mold. The specimens are rather above the average size of the species. ; Melanoleuca melaleuca. Small, pallid plants growing among grass on an ex- posed lawn. Omphalopsis campanella. On an oak stump. Frequent about Blacksburg on both deciduous and coniferous wood. Very abundant at Mountain Lake. Panaeolus campanulatus, Panaeolus retirugis. Panaeolus semiglobatus. Panellus stypicus. Pholiota Johnsoniana. Large plants with a ring that falls away and very small plants, growing gregariously, with the ring breaking up as in. H. ap- pendiculatum.: Size very different but the same plant. Pleuropus albogriseus. Gregarious or cespitose in grassy woods. Spores angular, uniguttulate, 12 X 7m. Previously known from New York and Massachusetts. Pleuropus obesus. Pleurotus ostreatus. Pluteus cervinus. Frequent. Pluteus praerugosus sp. nov. Pileus convex to nearly plane, with a slight umbo in early stages, solitary, 3-4 cm. broad; surface glabrous, very rugose, dry, fuliginous, darker at the center, long-striate on the margin; lamellae free, tapering behind, rather crowded, entire on the edges, white until colored by the spores, which are perfectly globose, smooth, with very large nucleus, almost hyaline under the microscope, pinkish in mass, 5m in diameter; stipe slender, nearly equal, pallid, glabrous, 3-4 cm. long, not at all fuicked! Type collected on a dead white oak log in Preston’s Woods, Biictopene Virginia, July 16-31, 1920, W. A. Murriil. Prunulus sp. Growing in clusters on a dead white oak log. Psilocybe foenesecit. Common. Russula albida. Small and rare. Russula compacta. Pale-fulvous above with a chestnut tint, milk-white below, staining when touched; flesh sweet. : Russula delica. Russula emetica. Common. Russula foetens. Abundant. Russula furcata. Abundant. Russula nigricans. Found twice, and in both cases soon blackening. Russula virescens. Abundant. Eaten by box tortoise, which was just leaving the plants, the ground being covered with chips as usual. Evidently he turned to this species when Vaginata plumbea was exhausted. Tue FuNnGciI oF BLACKSBURG, VIRGINIA 327 Russula spp. One milk-white all over, cespitose. Another large, with yellow cap, milk-white stem, and almost white gills. Stropharia semiglobata. Vaginata farinosa. Once in oak woods and twice on Brush Mountain. Vaginata parcivolvata. Six or more plants growing near together and bring- ing up scraps of dirt that resembled volval patches. Vaginata plumbea. Common in half a dozen varieties, including a large white one, but the fulvous form was most abundant. This last was especially liked by the box tortoise, which was found several times in different parts of oak groves feeding upon it. I was walking early one morning in Broce’s white oak grove when I came upon two plants of this variety growing together and a tortoise beside them, which had devoured half of each plant. When I returned thirty minutes later, he had finished them, stems and all, down to the ground, leaving only a few chips that fell from his mouth while eating. He evidently preferred this species, because many specimens were found, either partly or entirely devoured in this manner peculiar to tortoises. Squirrels take the plants up and carry them to a stump, log, or tree. I was able to confirm my observations as to tortoises by watching two or three more at breakfast later in the week. When practically all the specimens of Vaginata plumbea in the woods were gone, Russulavirescens seemed to be the next choice. Venenarius Caesareus. Rare. Venenarius cothurnatus. Three pure-white plants were first found growing gregariously under a white oak in Broce’s Woods. Flies sucked their juice while drying and promptly fell over, apparently lifeless. In order to de- termine if they were really dead, I kept them covered for twenty-four hours,—and still have them with the specimens. The deadly character of this species was demonstrated later by using a “ button” found in Preston’s Woods, where I first saw the plant growing in abundance several years ago. A few days later, two good, typical plants were collected in the same woods and preserved. All of the specimens found about Blacksburg are white, showing no tendency to vary to darker forms. Venenarius flavorubescens. Specimens closely resembling this species were found under white oak trees but it seemed difficult to distinguish them satisfactorily from V. Frostianus. : Venenarius Frostianus. Abundant. Venenarius phalloides. WULarge and small white forms fairly abundant, ordinary dark form rare; also a whitish form with smoky center, and a large, shin-- ing, dark-lead-colored form,—the darkest I ever saw. Venenarius rubens. Very abundant and of immense size, 20 cm. or more in diameter. Venenarius solitarius. On the ground in woods. Base large and rounded, not radicate; surface white to grayish or reddish, covered with large warts; chlorine odor very decided. Also found the usual form on clay banks. Venenarius spp. Two species were found that’ were not recognized, an avel- laneous one in Preston’s Woods and a pure-white one in exposed sandy soil on Brush Mountain. The latter resembled V. cothurnatus but bad no boot and did not kill flies. 328 MycoLoGIA C. GAS TEROMYCELES Bovistella ohiensis. Ona sunny lawn growing in grass. Large, white, covered with numerous small spines and granules, becoming brownish on top with age and isabelline all over when dried. This species is said to be very common in Ohio; I have found it also in New York City. Crucitbulum vulgare. -Geaster hygrometricus. Lycoperdon cruciatum (Lycoperdon separans Peck). Common in fields. Lycoperdon gemmatum. Occasional. Lycoperdon spp. Three small species were found that I did not recognize. One was very smooth and white and grew in fields with L. cruciatum; another, found rarely in woods, had a smooth, grayish-marbled, reticulate- rimose surface; and the third, occurring frequently in woods, was dis- tinguished by a dense covering of small, whitish to discolored spines. Scleroderma verrucosum. On the campus in a low, shaded spot. New York BOTANICAL GARDEN. NEW JAPANESE FUNGI NOTES AND TRANSLATIONS—IX TYOZABURO TANAKA HELMINTHOSPORIUM PAPAVERI K. Sawada sp. nov. in Taiwan Hakubutsu Gakkwai Kwaiho (Journ. of Formosan Nat. Hist. ace No, 20: 120, T..6, xii, Dec., 1917; and in; Bull. No. 128; meric, (Exp. Stat., Gov nt of Formosa, “Taiwan ni okeru Keshi Byogai Chosa”’ (Diseases of poppy in Formosa) by K. Sawada, pp. 20-22, T. 7, vi, June, 1918. (Japanese. ) _ Conidiophores fasciculate or solitary, copiously branched, cylindric, many septate, yellowish-brown, 86-130x6-7 yp, ter- minating with a single conidium, after its abstriction a second conidium is formed; conidia cylindric, both ends blunt, 3-10 septate, constricted, yellowish-brown, 22-112 x 7-II p. Parasitic on leaves, stems, peduncles and fruits of Papaver som- nif erum. On leaves, spots are large, irregular, brown and pierced at the center when fully matured. On stems, the lesions causing rot are brown, and, when they are formed at the lower part, cause wilt- ing of the whole plant; the decay soon appears at the petiole of leaves turning them to a dirty yellowish-brown color. The stem tissues, including cortex, are entirely disorganized and dead; at a certain stage a gray mould is found on the decayed surface. The appearance on the peduncles is similar to that on the stems. When the fruits are attacked the spots are orbicular, yellowish- brown or brown bordered with a blackish-brown periphery, and later develop gray mould from the center, which occasionally appears in concentric zones. No sound seed is produced from the diseased fruits. It is one of the most dangerous diseases of cultivated poppies in Formosa. Type localities: Taihoku-ch6o Taihoku, Apr. 25, 1917, Funabiki; Taihoku-cho, Chonaihosho, Apr. 21, 1917, K. Sawada. 329 | 330 MycCoLoGIA Notes: Additional localities are recorded from Taicht-cho Koroton, June 8, 1918, K. Sawada; Nanto-cho Nanto, June 6, 1918, K. Sawada; Kagicho Chikutoki, Apr. 3, 1918, K. Sawada. (See second paper, p. 21.) After inoculation tests, the damping- off of poppy seedlings is proved to have been caused by the same fungus. This trouble was found by the author in nurseries of southern Formosa. FUSICLADIUM THEAE K, Hara sp. nov. in Chagyokawi (Tea Jour- nal) 14*: 16-17, 1 pl. T. 8; iv, Apr., 1910. 4(Japamecce™) Acervuli amphigenous, velvety, black; conidiophores filiform, straight or curved, thickened at the base, continuous to 3-septate, brownish at the lower part, light colored and often crooked at the upper part 40-70x 4-5; conidia terminal, occasionally arising from the crooked edges of conidiphores, cylindric or oblongovate, uniseptate almost at the middle, usually not. constricted though sometimes constricted, blunt at the apex, somewhat pointed at the base, straight or curved, colorless or flavescent, 15-28 x 5-6 np. On leaves of Thea sinensis. Type locality: Shidzuoka-ken Iwara-gun Kyjiro-cho, Nov. 27, 1916, Ko Mara. Illustrations: 2 black and white halftone figures (figs. 8 and Q) showing tufts of conidiphores and conidia. No Fusicladium has been reported on tea plant. This species is distinct from all known species by its almost colorless conidia. MycoSPHAERELLA THEAE K. Hara sp. nov. in Chagyokwai (Tea Journal ).14°:9-10,.2 pl.; 1-8; vy, May, 1910: ( Japanese. ) Spots orbicular or irregularly roundish, 3-4 mm. in diam., finally confluent, forming large irregular lesions, at first dark- brown, later becoming cinereous; perithecia epigenous, immersed, later with ostiola erumpent, gregarious, minutely punctiform, black, globose or depressed globose, 50-150 in diam.; well car- bonaceous, fungoid-parenchymatous, dark-colored, composed of polygonal cells, 3-8, across; ostiola papillate or wart-like, with orbicular openings 10-13» across; asci tufted, cylindric clavate or oblongovoid, rounded at the apex, pedicellate at the base, octosporous, 30-42 x 6-84; ascospores biseriate, oblong-ovoid or cylindric, both ends subobtuse, uniseptate, not constricted, cells unequal, upper ones being slightly shorter and broader, lower TanakKA: NEw JAPANESE FUNGI 331 ones much longer and narrower, every cell binucleate at first, later becoming homogenous, hyaline, 10-13 x 2-2.5 p. Parasitic on leaves of Thea sinensis. Type locality: Gifu-ken Ena-gun Kawaue-mura, Apr., 1918, Ko Para; : Illustrations: 4 black and white halftone figures (figs. 5-0) showing spots, perithecia, asci and ascospores. It differs from Mycosphaerella punctiformis in mode of occur- rence and in detailed characters of ascospores. Spots first appear on the surface of leaves as small, round, dark-colored areas of I mm. across, which enlarge gradually forming irregular patches of 3-4 mm. in diam., and later becom- ing confluent forming large irregular dead areas extending towards the leaf margin. Such areas are dark-colored brownish- gray and develop abundant black minute specks on the upper surface, while the lower surface of the leaf remains a dark-brown color. MycospHAERELLA IKEDAI K. Hara sp. nov. in Chagyokwai (Tea Voummaly.14°:-10, 1 pl., 1.8, v, May, 1919. (Japanese. ) Perithecia amphigenous or more frequently hypogenous, gre- garious or scattered, immersed, globose or depressed globose, apically ostiolate 50-Sop in diam., wall parenchymatous, con- sisting of polygonal cells 5-8 in diam. across, carbonaceous ostiola papillate or simple, with round openings of 10-124 across, asci obovoid or oblong, rounded at the apex, pedicellate at the base or sessile, octosporous, 40-45 x 8-12 p, ascospores 3-stichous or irregularly polyseriate, oblong-ovoid or cylindric, uniseptate, much constricted, cells unequal, upper ones mostly shorter and broader while lower ones are just opposite, at first granulate, later homogenous, colorless and hyaline, 13.2-16 x 5-5.5 p. Saprophytic on leaves of Thea sinensis. Type locality: Shidzuoka-ken Inasa-gun Idaira-mura, Sept., igi 6:46: Hara. Illustrations: 2 black and white halftone figures (figs. 9 and 10) showing asci and ascospores. M. Ikeda K. Hara differs from the former species in the shape of the asci, arrangement, shape and size of the ascospores. It is Sou Mycotocia named in honor of Isaji Ikeda, President of the Prefectural Agri- cultural Society, under whom the investigations were made. MELIOLA CITRICOLA K. Hara sp. nov. in Shidzuoka-ken Nokwaiho (Journ. Agric. Soc., Shidzuoka Prefecture) No? 2637 ¢-9,' 1 pl., 1.8, vin, Atig., 1990.. ( Japatiese:) Young hyphae filiform, delicate, branching,. septate, colorless or light colored, 2.5-3 u across, mature hyphae thick, branching, septate, constricted at septa, often catenulate and easily detached, dark-brown, sometimes nucleate, 4-7 thick, detached cells (chlamydospores) ellipsoid or subglobose, 8-15 x 4-7 »; conidia of Triposporium type astellate with 3-4 arms, arms thick at the base, tapering towards the apex and ending in a sharp point, 2-4 septate, 40-60 p, perithecia globose or depressed globose, 200— 230 » across, wall naked, fungoid-parenchymatous, carbonaceous, brittle, dark-brown, cells 6-12) across; ostiola apical, not pro- jecting, with orbicular opening of 15-20p across, asci obvate globose or ellipsoid, rounded at the apex, pedicellate at the base, thick walled, octosporous, aparaphysate, 40-70 x 30-40, asco- spores ellipsoid ovoid or subfusoid, tapering towards rounded ends, straight or curved, 6-7 transversely septate, often with longitudinal septa, hyaline, 28-45 x 7-12 p. Epiphytic on leaves, branches and fruits of Citrus spp. This species appears mostly on the upper surface of leaves pro- ducing black or dark gray irregular patches which finally enlarge forming a thick incrustation all over the leaf surface. When fully matured the surface becomes velvety and spotted with minute black bodies and at this stage the black mass begins to peel off from the substratum. | ; Type locality: Shidzuoka-ken Agricultural Experiment Sta- tion, Apr. 25, 1919 wk Hara. Illustrations: 3 figures (figs. 12-14) in 1 black and white half- tone plate, showing perithecia, asci and ascospores. It differs from Limacinia theae P. & H. Sydow & Butl. (Ann. Mycol. 9: 346) in the tapering and curved ascospores, intertwin- ing hyphae without bristles, and in the absence of a particular pycnidial form. Meliola pengigi Sacc. resembles the present — species in having naked perithecia, but the former is characterized by colored biseriate ascospores having 3 transverse and 1-2 longitudinal septa, while the latter is distinguished by heaping TANAKA: NEw JAPANESE FUNGI BoD non-seriate ascospores ellipsoid in shape and usually 7-septate, in size three times as large as the former. Meliola camelliae and Meliola citri do not agree with the present species in their bristled perithecia and in the size and shape of the ascospores. ; GLOEOSPORIUM CARTHAMI Hori & Hemmi comb. nov. in Byocht- gai Zassi (;ourn. Plant Prot.) 67: 180... 8, 11, March, 1919. (Japanese. ) Marsoma cartham Fukui, ex Tanaka in Mycologia 9*: 169, 1917. Hemmi points out that the fungus has typically t-celled asco- spores, and should correctly be placed under Gloeosporium (sub- gen. Colletotrichum). Ina later publication of the same author (Annals of the Phytopath. Soc. of Japan, 17: 1-11, March, issued June, 1919) the detailed characters of this fungus are thoroughly given in German. The disease was reported from Sapporo and Hyogo, and is pretty serious in early summer months. The tem- perature relations of the development of this fungus are also given by Hemmi in Sapporo Norin Gakkwai-ho 10**: 40, 49-52, Pee. 1O18. BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY, WASHINGTON, D. C. NOTES AND BRIEF ARTICLES [Unsigned notes are by the editor] Readers of MycoLoaiA are invited to contribute to this department personal news items and notes or brief articles of interest to mycologists in general. Manuscript should be submitted before the middle of the month preceding the month in which this publication is issued. Dr. G. R. Bisby, formerly of the University of Minnesota, has removed to Winnipeg, Canada, where he is professor of plant pathology at the Manitoba Agricultural College. Mr. Paul A. Murphy, so well known for his work on potato diseases, is now located in the Division of Seeds and Plant Dis- eases, Royal College of Science, Dublin, Ireland. Dr. W. A. Murrill lectured at Manchester, Vermont, July 8; examined types of Poria at Albany, July 9; and lectured again at Yama Farms, July 10. He is much indebted to Dr. House for assisting him in getting at the type specimens of Poria. Mr. Freerhan Weiss, formerly under the employ of the De- partment of Agriculture and the Minnesota Agricultural Experi- ment Station, investigating cereal diseases, has been appointed assistant pathologist in the Department of Agriculture and is en- gaged in investigating the potato-wart disease. Mr. N. Rex Hunt has been transferred from the Office of Forest Pathology Investigations, Bureau of Plant Industry, to the Federal Horticultural Board to assist in the eradication of the potato-wart disease. | Dr. Charles Drechsler has taken up the investigation of vege- table decays and decay-producing organisms as an employee of o34 NoTES AND BRIEF ARTICLES BoD the Office of Cotton, Truck, and Forage Crop Disease Investiga- tions, with headquarters at Brooklyn, New York. Mr. D. C. Neal has accepted the position of plant pathologist for the Mississippi Agricultural Experiment Station, after re- signing a similar position with the Georgia State Board of En- tomology. Mr. C. M. Tucker, recently graduated from the University of Missouri, has accepted a position with the Extension Division of the Florida College of Agriculture and will conduct extension work on the control of watermelon diseases. Dr. F. Kglpin Ravn, of Denmark, died suddenly of blood poisoning, on May 25, at the home of his wife’s parents at East Orange, New Jersey. Mr. Julius Matz, who for the past year held the position of assistant pathologist at the Insular Experiment Station at Rio Piedras, Porto Rico, has been appointed chief of the Division of Botany and Plant Pathology at the same station. Tagging instead of blazing trees is strongly recommended by Weir in Phytopathology for July, 1920,—with evidence to sup- port his opinion. Serious injury to Rhododendrons and Azaleas in the North- west by Arnullaria mellea was noted by Schmitz in the July num- ber of Phytopathology. On a recent visit to Albany, typical specimens of Poria ornata Peck and Poria subacida Peck were compared and the species found to be identical. A list of ascomycetes new to Indiana, by Bruce Fink and Sylvia Fuson, appeared in the Proceedings of the Indiana Acad- 336 MycoLocGIA emy of Science for 1918, pp. 264-275. It contains about 140 species, including 2 new ones, Pyrenopsis fuscoatra Fink and Verrucaria sordida Fink. Rusts on conifers in Pennsylvania are described and figured by J. F. Adams in Bulletin 160 of the Pennsylvania Agricultural Ex- periment Station, which also contains an important paper by the same author on sexual fusions and the development of the sexual organs in the Peridermiums. Mrs. John R. Delafield sent in many interesting specimens of fungi from the vicinity of Buck Hill Falls, Pennsylvania,. during her residence there the past summer and autumn. Many of them were accompanied by beautiful colored figures, as well as by val- uable field notes. Reddening of the leaves of Rhus copallina in New England has been ascribed to the action of Evoascus purpurascens. In Italy, Traverso has investigated two diseases of Rhus conaria; one causing leaf coloration and die-back, ascribed to FE. purpur- ascens, and the other appearing in minute, discolored spots caused by Septoria rhoina. : Experiments on the control of eelworms in Narcissus growing out-of-doors were reported a year ago by J. K. Ramsbottom in the Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society. Experiments with manures and chemical sterilizers were alike ineffective in freeing soils from nematode infection or in protecting crops from nematode attack. Experimentation on different crops with a view to securing a rotation that would avoid or minimize nema- tode attack showed that this organism may become so adapted to a particular host species as not to attack with severity other host species. In a bulletin published in 1919 by the Trinidad Department of Agriculture, J. B. Rorer discusses the fungous diseases of the avocado, or alligator pear. He states that the only serious dis- NoTes AND BrIEF ARTICLES Bol ease found on the fruit is the so-called anthracnose, which is iden- tical with or closely related to the anthracnose of mango. Avo- cado die-back is of frequent occurrence throughout the Colony. This is due to Diplodia cacaoicola, which also causes die-back of cacao and of rubber. It is thought to enter by way of very young tissues through wounds made by the anthracnose fungus, growing then rapidly down the tree and killing back the shoots for a dis- _ tance of two or three feet from the tip. The same fungus also attacks budded avocados. Phomopsis juniperovora, a new species causing blight of nur- sery cedars, is described and figured by G. G. Hahn in Phyio- pathology for April, 1920. The disease is known in New York, Pennsylvania, and several states of the middle West. Observations on some common and important diseases of the rhododendron on the Pacific Coast, by Henry Schmitz, appeared in Phytopathology for May, 1920. Sporocybe Azgaleae attacks the buds and causes them to rot, while Melampsoropsis Piperiana attacks the leaves, producing the so-called “rust.” Other fungi attacking the leaves are: Lophodermium Rhododendri, Coco- myces dentatus, Coryneum Rhododendri, Sphaerella Rhodo- dendri, Pestalozzia Guepim, and Cryptostictis sp. A note on our native barberry in connection with wheat rust, contributed by Stakman and Krakover to the May number of Phtopathology, mentions infected bushes found near Blacksburg, Virginia, May 18, 1919, by Fromme and Massey. It might be of interest to say here that in 1897 I made an extended survey of the distribution of Berberis canadensis about Blacksburg and found much of it infected with rust. Also, that the most badly rusted wheat I ever saw was found growing about limestone and shaly knolls covered with barberry bushes. Quantities of this material in various stages was taken by me to Cornell in the fall -of 1897 and used there year after year in class demonstration and laboratory work. 338 MycoLocIa An interesting article on the Phyllosticta hlight of snapdragon, by Miss Edwina M. Smiley, appeared in Phytopathology for April, 1920. Little has been done as yet on the control of this disease, but the author advises the following precautionary meas- ures. First, the removal of all debris from infested benches before new plants are put in and the use of only healthy plants for setting. The second precaution is the practice of soil water- ing, with proper ventilation of the house. Finally, snapdragons should be grown in cool houses, for the plants will do well in an average temperature of 15° C., a temperature at which the fungus can not thrive as a parasite. A drain-blocking fungus was noted by A. Lorrain Smith in the Transactions of the British Mycological Society for April, 1920. In September, 1919, about fifty pounds of fungous material were taken from a sewer-pipe in London, thirty feet below the surface of the ground, and determined by Mr. Rea as Fomes ulmarius, which grows on elm trees. Since elm roots, like those of poplars and willows, often travel long distances in search of water, it is probable that the Fomes was connected in some way with elm roots or their remains in the pipe or adjacent soil. The fungous material was found in four different places and was removed at great cost. Professor F. S. Earle spent several days at the Garden the past summer consulting the library in connection with his work on sugar-cane diseases in Porto Rico. Speaking of the mosaic, he said that he had proved by careful experiments that this very serious disease can be controlled by using only healthy seed and eradicating all infected plants as soon as they appear in the field. Something immensely interesting regarding the nature of this mosaic was also disclosed, which will soon appear in print. Re- ferring to root-rot of sugar-cane, he said that all that had been written about Marasmius Sacchari in this connection was pure fiction, because it had nothing to do with the rot. Notes AND BRIEF ARTICLES 339 Crown gall has been recently investigated by Levin and M. Levine with a view to determining its analogy to animal cancer. Some of the plant tumors studied grew slowly and were not in- jurious, while others were malignant, and the appearance of highly differentiated tissues subsequent to and participating in the development of a malignant tumor is, it is claimed, unknown in animal cancer. The conclusion arrived at is that a fast-devel- oping simple crown gall presents much analogy to animal cancer and,offers ideal material for the cellular study thereof. The structure of the growing central part is identical in practically all crown galls thus far investigated. This structure, therefore, represents only one type among the large number of pathological processes grouped under the name of cancer. The study of crown gall, however, affords no secure ground for a claim that all human cancers are formed through the activity of an identical organism. The following fungi were collected by W. A. Murrill on July 22, 1920, at Mountain Lake, Virginia, about 4,000 feet above sea- level: Cordyceps militaris; Exobasidium Azaleae; Lachnocladium Schweimiteu,; Laccaria laccata; Omphalopsis campanella; Gym- nopus platyphyllus; Russula foetentula, R. foetens, R. furcata, R. flava, and several other species; Chanterel Chantarellus, C. infundibuliformis, C. minor; Vaginata plumbea in several varie- ties; Venenarius Frostianus; Crucibulum vulgare; Lycoperdon cruciatum,; Ceriomyces communis; Fuscoporia ferruginosa on dead chestnut; Coriolus abietinus on hemlock ; Inonotus radiatus on birch; Ganoderma Tsugae,; Elfvingia megaloma; Elfvingiella fomentaria; and Pyropolyporus igniarius in black, aborted forms on trunks of Betula alleghaniensis, as it occurs in Maine on Betula lutea. Two papers on mushrooms by L. C. C. Krieger have recently been published under the auspices of Dr. Howard A. Kelly, of Baltimore, Maryland. One was a beautifully illustrated article in the May number of the National Geographic Magazine on the “Common Mushrooms of the United States,” which has already 340 MYyYcoLoGciIA been very widely distributed; and the other a small pocket key to the genera of the gill mushrooms published as a chart, which is folded and bound for use in the field. The characters of the genera are shown for the most part by small pen sketches of typical species, and there is a brief illustrated glossary of terms relating to structure. This key may be obtained from The Nor- man, Remington Company, of Baltimore, for one dollar. The great advantage of any chart over a book is the opportunity it gives to compare a specimen at a single glance with every figure on it. Notes on the Lower Basidiomycetes of North Carolina, by W. C. Coker, appeared in the Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society for June, 1920. This is a continuation of the hand- somely illustrated articles on North Carolina fungi which have been appearing for some time in the above-mentioned journal, and it contains descriptions and figures of many species in a num- ber of different genera, such as Gymnosporangwum, Septoba- sidium, Exidia, Tremella, Tremellodendron, Sebacina, Dacry- myces, and Calocera. ‘The following species are described as new: Ditiola Albizziae, Dacryopsis ceracea, Dacrymyces fusco- minus, D. palidus, D. Ellis, Tremella subanomala, T. carneo- alba, T. aspera, Naematelia quercina, Exidia Beardsleei, Platy- gloea caroliniana, and P. Lagerstroemiae. “A Critical Study of the Slime-molds of Ontario,” by Mary FE. Currie, appears in the Transactions of the Royal Canadian In- stitute of Toronto for 1919. The paper gives interesting descrip- tive and distributional notes of 118 species and varieties, in 29 genera; 47 species and varieties being recorded from Ontario for the first time, 36 being new to Canada, and 5 new to North America. The following were noted as parasites on fungi: Bad- — hamia foliucola Lister, B. magna Peck, B. utricularis Berk., Phy- sarum flavicomum Berk., and P. polycephalum Schw. ‘The fol- lowing nine were found at times fruiting on the leaves or stems of grasses or herbaceous plants, and in some cases at least are injurious to these plants: Diachaea leucopoda Rost., Diderma NOTES AND BriEF ARTICLES 341 effusum, Morg., D. testaceum Pers., Didymium squamulosum Fries, Fuligo septica Gmel., Leocarpus fragilis Rost., Mucilago spongiosa Morg., Physarum cinereum Pers., and P. sinuosum Weinm. The insect transmission of diseases is treated at length in an article of the greatest importance by F. V. Rand and W. D. Pierce in Phytopathology for April, 1920. According to the authors, the investigations of the past three decades have completely revo- _lutionized our view of the role of insect transmission in both plant and animal diseases. Among the points to be studied are the fol- lowing. It is necessary to determine on or in what part-or parts of the body the contagium is carried; whether the transmission is mechanical or biological; how soon after taking. up an infective principle transmission is possible; how long the insect remains infective; whether an infected larva may retain the contagium through its metamorphosis; whether the contagium can be trans- mitted to the offspring, and if so, for how many generations; whether the offspring can transmit the disease at any stage of its development ; whether an infected insect remains infective after a period of feeding on non-susceptible hosts; and whether the contagium winters over in the insect. The mere fact, however, that the contagium of a disease is found in or on the body of an insect should in no case be taken as final proof of an insect rela- tion to transmission. In many diseases an inoculating needle, a piece of wood, or anything which happens to come into contact with the diseased tissues will carry upon it some of the contagium. The final criterion, then, should be the actual transnussion of the disease under controlled conditions simulating as nearly as pos- _ sible those found in nature. Artificial and insect transmission of sugar-cane mosaic is dis- cussed by E. W. Brandes in a reprint from the Journal of Agri- cultural Research issued May 1, 1920. It is considered by the author as proved that the cell sap of diseased plants is infectious when introduced in the proper manner and that the disease can be transmitted by insects. Just what insects are responsible for 342 MYCOLOGIA dissemination in the cane regions remains to be proved. The failure of the sharp-headed grain leaf-hopper to transmit the dis- ease under the conditions of these experiments is surprising. This insect is very common on cane in Louisiana, and as a result of field observations suspicion was directed toward it from the first. Other leaf-hoppers are now being tested. The successful experiments with the corn aphis are of great interest scientifically, but it 1s believed that transmission of mosaic is restricted to this insect or to other aphids more abundant on cane. Aphis maidis, however, has been reported on sugar cane from practically every sugar-cane region in the world. That cane mosaic is analogous with other mosaic diseases is brought out by a number of facts, aside from the visible signs of the disease. As in many other mosaics, the infectious material does not seem to be highly spe- cialized, but may attack other plants of the same family. The cell sap of infected plants contains some organism, not visible by ordinary means, which is capable of inducing the disease when injected into healthy plants. Leaves which are mature at the time of inoculation never show any signs of mosaic. This fact, typical of all mosaics, has been brought out in all inoculation ex- periments with sugar-cane. The disease can be transmitted by certain sucking insects. There is no known period of sapro- genesis in the existence of the virus. Seed transmission of the virus 1s one of the phenomena concerning which divergent re- sults have been recorded for the various mosaic diseases. This point has not been definitely settled for sugar-cane mosaic, but mosaic sorghum plants failed to produce mosaic progeny in two experiments. INDEX TO AMERICAN MYCOLOGICAL LITERATURE Blakeslee, A. F., Thaxter, R., & Trelease, W. William Gilson Farlow. Am. Jour. Bot. 7: 173-181. pl. 8. My 1920. Brandes, E. W. Artificial and insect transmission of sugar-cane mosaic. Jour. Agr. Research 19: 131-138. 1 My 1920. Brown, J. G. Rot of date fruit. Bot. Gaz. 69: 521-529. f. I-5. nF fe-1920. , Preliminary paper. Campos, F.O. El Cancer del Cacao. Revista Agric. 16: 53-55. 31 My 1920. Coker, W.C. Notes on the lower Basidiomycetes of North Caro- lina. Jour. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 35: 113-182. pl. 23, 30-66. Je 1920. Dana, B. F. & Zundel, G. L. A new corn smut in Washington. Phytopath. 10: 328-330. f. I-74. Je 1920. Dastur, J. F. Glomerella cingulata (Stoneman) Spauld. and V. Sch. and its conidial forms, Gloeésporium piperatum E. and E. and Colletotrichum nigrum E. and Hals., on Chillies and Carica papaya. Ann. Appl. Biol. 6: 245-268. pl. ro. Ap 1920. Dickson, J. G., and Johann, H. Production of conidia in Gib- berella saubinetu. Jour. Agr. Research 19: 235-237. f. I. 15 My 1920. - Dodge, B. O. The life history of Ascobolus magnificus. Origin of the ascocarp from two strains. Mycologia 12: 115-134. pl. 7-8 & f. 1-28. 1920. Elliott, C. Halo-bright of oats. Jour. Agr. Research 19: 139- 172. pl. C. & pl. 26-35. 15 May 1920. Eriksson, J. Zur Entwickslungsgeschichte des Spinatschimmels (Peronospora Spinaciae (Grew.) Laub.). Arkin for Bot. 15: 1-25. pl. #4 & f. 1,2. 28 O 1919. Fink, B. and Fuson, S. C. Ascomycetes new to the flora of In- diana. Proc. Indiana Acad. Sci. 1918: 264-275. 1919. Includes 2 new species and 4 new combinations. Fisher, D. F. Control of apple powdery mildew. U. S. Dept. Agr. Farmers’ Bull. 1120: 1-9. f. 1-8. My 1920. 343 344 MyYCOLOoGIA Fulton, H. R. Decline of Pseudomonas citri in the soil. Jour. Agr. Research 19: 207-223. I Je 1920. Gardner, M. W. Peronospora in turnip roots. Phytopath. 10: 221.322. .pl 2: esLo20: Harter, L. L. and Weimer, J. L. Sweet potato rot and tomato wilt. _Phytopath: 10 7306, 207.— 1920: Heere, A. C. MHints for lichen studies. Bryologist 23: 26, 27. 26 My 1920. Hungerford, C. W. Rust in seed wheat and its relation to seed- , ling infection. Jour. Agr. Research 19: 257-277. pl. 35-46. 15 Je1920. Jackson, H. S. New or noteworthy North American Ustilagi- nales. Mycologia 12: 149-156. 1920. Urocystis Trillii sp. nov. and two new combinations in Ustilaginaceae. Lee, H. A. Behavior of the citrus-canker organism in the soil. Jour. Agr. Research 19: 189-205. pl. 36, 37. 15 My 1920. Lloyd, C. G. Mycological notes 60: 862-876. f. 1463-1496. Au 1919, with photograph of Charles E. Fairman ; 62: 904-944. f. 1508-1747. Ja 1920, with an account of the life of Draw Arthur and notes on the genera Thamnomyces, Cordyceps, Echinodontium, Aleurodiscus, Poronia, and others. Mackie, W. W. Head smut in sorghum and maize. Phytopath. 10: 307, 308. 1920. | McCubbin, W. A. The brown rot of stone fruits. Pa. Dept. Agr. Bull. 3407 3-8) 9). 1&7. 4.4 1020: Meinecke, E. P. Facultative heteroecism in Peridermium cere- brum and P. harknessu. Phytopath. 10: 279-297. f. I, 2. 1920. Murrill, W. A. Another new truffle. Mycologia 12: 157-158. f. ESS 1O20, Nowell, W. Report of an investigation of froghopper pest and diseases of sugar-cane in Trinidad. Trinidad & Tobago Dept. Agr. Bull. 18: 57-69. Ig19. Nowell, W. A root disease of cacao in Trinidad. Rosellinia pepo. Trinidad & Tobago Dept. Agr. Bull. 18: 178-199. f. 1-5. TOL: | Noyes, H. A. Bacteria in frozen soil. Proc. Indiana Acad. Sci. 1918: 110-116. IgI9Q. , INDEX To AMERICAN MyYCOLOGICAL LITERATURE 345 Overholts, L. 0. Some mycological notes for 1919. Mycologia el g5—l42. pl. 0, £0:° 1920. ee F. J. The barberry and its relation to tte stem rust of migeat in Indiana. Proc. Indiana Acad. Sci. 1918 : 63-70. f., 7, 2 1O10, Aaa Potter, A. A. and Coons, G. W. Differences between the species or dileta on wheat. Phytopath. 8: 106-113. f. 7-4. 3 Mr IQI8. Reinknig, 0. A. Higher Basidiomycetes from the Philippines and their hosts—II. Phil. Jour. Sci. 16: 167-179. F 1920. Rorer, J. B. The anthracnose of the mango. Trinidad & Tobago Dept. Aer. Bull. 14: 164-171. pl. 7. 1915. Rorer J. B. Citrus canker. Trinidad & Tobago Dept. Agr. Bull. P4130, 131. 1915. Rorer, J. B. Coconut bud-rot. Trinidad & Tobago Dept. Agr. Dill 14-120, 130.. IQI5. Rorer, J. B. A disease of immortel trees. Trinidad & Tobago Depts Aer, Bull. 14: 128, 129. 1915. Rorer, J. B. The fungous diseases of the Avocado. Trinidad & Rovvco Wept. Acr. Bull.'18 2.132, 133. pl. 3. 1919. Rorer, J. B. Fungous diseases of Cassava. Trinidad & Tobago Wept. Agr. Bull. 14: 36-38. 10915. Rorer, J. B. The fungous diseases of roses and their treatment. Trinidad & Tobago Dept. Agr. Bull. 18: 29-31. pl. 7. I9gT9. Rorer, J. B. The pink disease of Cacao.: Trinidad & Tobago Dept Agr, Bull, 15: 86-80. f. 7, 2. 1916. Rorer, J. B. The wither-tip of limes. Trinidad & Tobago Dept. Mee Bull, 1824-3. pl. 1. 1919: Schmitz, H. Enzyme action in Echinodontium tinctorium E. & @ jour. Gen. Physiol. 2: 613-616. 20 Je 1920. Schmitz, H. Observations on some common and important dis- eases of the Rhododendron. Phytopath. 10: 273-278. pl. 11. 1920. | Schultz, E. S., and Folsom, D. Transmission of the mosaic dis- ease of Irish potatoes. Jour. Agr. Research 29: 315-337. pl. 49-506. 1 Jl 1920. Stakman, E. C., and Krakover, L. J. Puccinia graminis on natives Berberis canadensis. Phytopath. 10: 305, 306. 1920. 346 MYcoLoGiA Standley, P. C. Rusts from Glacier National Park, Montana. Mycologia I2: 143-148. 1920. Stewart, F. C. Notes on New York plant diseases—II. New York ‘Agr. Exp, Sta. Bull: 463: 2-0. pl, 7, 2, D aono) Stone, R. E. Upon'the audibility of spore discharge in Helvella elastica. (Bull:), -Trans., Brit: Myc. Soc. 6:°204.°1 Ap 1620) Stone, R. E. Upon the visibility of spore dissemination in Fomes pinicola (Sw:), Fries. Trans. Brit: Myc. Soc. 03.205 ee up 1920. i Sydow, H. and P. Uber Uredineen mit quellbaren Membranen und erhohter Keimporenzahl. Ann. Myc. 17: 101-107. 1919. Taubenhaus, J. J. Field diseases of the sweet potato in Texas. Texas Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 240: 3-22.:f. 7-34) A> nemo Thaxter, R. New Dimorphomyceteae. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts & Sci. 55: 211-282. My 1920. Polyandromyces nov. gen. and 63 new species. Thomas, C. C. Coix smut. Phytopath. 10: 331-333. 1920. Weston, W. H, Philippine downy mildew of maize. Jour. Agr. Research 19: 97-122. pl. A, B, & pl. 18-25. 1 My 1920. Zeller, S. M. Humidity in relation to moisture imbibition by wood and to spore germination on wood. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 7: 51=73.. pl. F 1920. INDEX LO VOLUME, Xi New names, and the finak members of new combinations, are in bold-face type Abies, 11, 41, 144, 288; balsamea, 33, 264-5 serandis,’ “11, 41; lasiocarpa, 33, 35 Acacia, 160 Acer saccharum, 284 Acolium, 220 Acremoniella, 127 Acremonium danysz, 70 Acrospermum, 175, 176, 178, 180; Comipressum, 175, 176, 177, 179, 181; compressum foliicolum, 178; compressum graminum, 178, 181; corrugatum, 180; foliicolum, 177, ioe baltum, 160; gfaminum, 177, 178; Maxoni, 179, 180, 181; Puig- Sari, 170 Acrospermum, Observations genus, 175 Prctaea 293; alba,-292; tubra, 292, 293, 294 Actinomyces, 57 Actinonema, 314; Rosae, 267 Adams, J. F., Darluca on Perider- mium Peckii, 309; The alternate stage of Pucciniastrum Hydran- geae, 33 Additions to the polypores of tem- perate North America, Corrections and, 6 Adelia, 188; ligustrina, 187, 188, 197 Adiantum, 96, 319; latifolium, 318; petiolatum, 319; pulverulentum, 319 Aecidium, 310; Allenii, 144 Aesculus pavia, 104 Agaricum porosum, 48 Agaricus, 324; campester, 37 Aglaophenia latecarinata, 103 Agoseris turbinata, 147; villosa, 147 Agrimonia gryposepala, 34 Agropyron repens, 293, 294; Richard- SOMii,. | 293;--294.; scabrum, 310; Smithii, 294; spicatum inerme, 281; tenerum, 294 Alboffia oreophila, 207, 254 Aleuria, 132 Aleurodiscus, 288, 344; acerinus, 288; on the amorphus, 288; apiculatus, 288; botryosus, 288; candidus, 288; cremeus, 288; Farlowii, 288; ni- vosus, 288; Oakesii, 288; penicil- latus, 288; seriatus, 288; strumo- sus, 288; tenuis, 288; Weirii, 288 Alisma plantago, 276 Allodus Palmeri 144 Alsine nitans 280 Alternaria, 126 Alternate stage of Hydrangeae, The, 33 Amanita chrysoblema, 292 Amelanchier 202; alnifolia, 144, 201, 203 Amomum, 94 Amphonyx cluentus, 64, 66 Amsinkia intermedia, 276 Amsonia, 184; amsoniae, 184; ciliata, 183, 184 Andira jamaicensis, 317, 320 Andropogon bicornis, 319 Antennaria, 209 Anthophora zonata, 64, 66 Anthostoma, 55; taeniospora, 199 Anthurium dominicense, 319 Anthurus borealis, 37 Aplanobacter stizolobii, 298 Aposphaeria, 246; clavatum, 246 Arabis Lyallii, 146 Aristida portoricensis, 319 Pucciniastrum 166; Wellsii, Armillaria mellea, 114, 335; nardos- mia,.613 putrida, 324 Arnica chamissonis, 276; cordifolia, 276) latifolia,145 ;{mollis, 147 Arrhenatherum elatius, 280 Artemisia abrotani, 204; biennis, 200 Aschersonia, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98; tahitensis, 94; turbinata, 93 Ascobolus,, 122; 0123,025..-130). 132 Catbonanus, ) 1177 122). “l24,- 126; furfuraceus, 121, 122; magnificus, U15;, Ueki 22h 12s eto ear zo. T27. G25,; ty 345 1349 -patasitica, ~22) 12330032: Winteri, 117.6122 Ascobolus magnificus, The life his- LOY (Of s1T5 Ascochyta, 314; Bernmullerii, 174 Ascogenous fungus, Penicillium spic- ulisporum, A new, 268 Ascoidea, 126 Ascophanus carneus, 126, 133 Ascospora, 313 347 348 Asimina, 12 Aspergillus niger, 113, 114 Aster, 185, 186, 195; conspicuus, 144; Fremontii, 144; frondeus, 146; meritus, 144 Asterella, 55 Athyrium Filix-foemina, 147 Atriplex confertifolia, 200 : Auerswaldia Cecropiae, 319; Mico- niae, 319 Aurantiporus croceus, 11; Pilotae, 11 Avena, 279; fatua glabrata, 279; sa- tiva, 278 Avicennia nitida, 318 Axonopus compressus, 319 Aylographum, 55 Azalea nudiflora, 33 Bacillus radicicola, 55; subtilis, 112 Bacterium juglandis, 105; solana- cearum, 58 Badhamia foliicola, 340; magna, 340; utricularis, 340 Balansia, 112; cyperi, 112 Balsamorrhiza sagittata, 146 Barya salaccensis, 96 Berberis canadensis, pens, 148 337,345 Fe- Bessey, E. A., and Thompson, Bertha. E., An undescribed Genea from Michigan, 282 Betula alleghaniensis, 339; 137; hutea, 137, 284)" 329 Bignonia unguis, 97 Bispora, 205 Bjerkandera adusta, 323; fumosa, 8; puberula, 8 Blacksburg, Virginia, The fungi of, 322 Boletus, cervinus, 7; lenta, eristatus. 410: cuticularis, 12; flabelliformis, 10; giganteus,. 10; incertus; 78; -lip- Siensis, 14; luteus, 59; medulla- panis, 48; mesSentericus, 10; ni- grellus, 60; resupinatus, 21; spon- giosus, 21; sulphureus, 11; villosus, oat Bombardia, 176; fasciculata, 176 Botrytis, 126; cinerea, 104, 126, 133 Bourreria succulenta, 319 Bovistella ohiensis, 328 Bromelia pinguin, 318 Bromus, 278, 294; ciliatus,, 203,204 : eximius, 278; hookerianus, 278; hordaceus, 278; hordaceus glabres- cens,, 277, .2783 -latielumisu2o4: marginatus, 278, 281; tectorum, 279 Bulgaria rufa, 322 Caesalpinia coriaria, 160 MycoLociaA Calamagrostis canadensis, 146 Caliciopsis, 210,’ 211, 21g 205, 218, 219, 220, 224, 228, 246; calicioides, 214,° 218, 220,% 2375 Bion eezo. ephemera, 223, 224; pinea, 207, 214, 2190, 220,223. 922ceuee 7a 6. 237; stenocyboides, 225; subcorti- calis; 214, 218, 220,.222..2237 237 - thujina, 265 Calicium, 219; 220; ephemerum, 223, 224, 225; stenocyboides, 225 Calocera, 340 Calonectria erubescens, 318 Calonyction, 186 Calopogonium orthocarpum, 317 Caloporus expallescens, 83 Calosphaeria princeps, 201, 250 Calyptospora columnaris, 144 Campanula, 186 Cantharellus, 105 Capnodiella, 227, 229; maxima, 229, 236 Capnodium, 209, (216, (213, 228,220 arrhizum, 229; fructicolum, 207, 240, 241,242; Maximums.207. 228, 220,. 231, 265; salicinum,\ 2754 ta- nakae, 27 Carex, 276; alba, $2; atriculatae2s1s atrostachyae, 204; geyeri, 276; pa- paya, 343 Catacauma Gouaniae, 163; palmicola, 163 Catacaumella Gouaniae, 319 Ceanothus velutinus, 203 Cecropia peltata, 319 Celtis, .178 Cenangella vernicosa, 204. Cenangium, 219; furfuraceum, 203 Cenchrus echinatus, 320 163; Ocoteae, Cerastium arvense, 154; beeringia- num, 145; oreophilum, 154; stric- tum, 145 Cerrena unicolor, 323 Ceriomyces, 324; affinis, 324; bicolor, 324; chromapes, 324; communis, 324, 339; edulis, 324; fumosipes, 324; griseus, 324; ornatipes, 324; retipes, 322, 324; subglabripes, 324 Certain entomogenous fungi, On, 62 Chaetomium, 126, 133 Chamaecyparis thyoides, 264 Chanterel, 322; Chantarellus, 324, 339; floccosus, 324; infundibuli- formis, 325,330; miner iese Chardon, Carlos E., A; list of fthe pyrenomycetes of Porto Rico col- lected by H. H. Whetzel and E. W. Olive, 316 Chorostate ensis, 202 Chrysomyces, 174 teiphaemae, 202; ° utah- INDEX TO VOLUME XII Chrysomyxa abietis, 309 Chrysopsis, 185, 186, 195 Chrysothamnus nauseosus, 205 Cicinnobolus, 125 Cimnactia, axicola, 153, 154, 156; axi- ela minor, 153; caricis, 276; mi- nor, 153; seymoriana, 276 Circaea alpina, 146 Cirsium Hookerianum, 146 Citrus, 28; 172; 332; décumana, 319; erandis,..27; nobilis Unshiu, 28; tritoliata, 37 Claytonia linearis, 279 se lawatia. 100, 287, 323; bicolor, 135; Beoomei, 106; cristata, 322: Cross- landit,- 106; fastigiata, 106; flava, g22) fuSitormis, 323; gigaspora, 1oOo;;, inaequalis, 323; Invalii, 106; krombholzii, 135; muscoides, 323; Otnatipes, 135; .persimilis, 106: Sttaminea,s 106; trichopus, - 135; vestitipes, 135 Claviceps, 40; Paspali, 40; Rolfsii, AO Cleonus punctiventris, 70, 76 Clintonia uniflora, 146 Clitocybe, 113; adirondackensis, 325; illudens, 51, 325; praecox, 166 Clusia rosea, 321 Coccolobis uvifera, 317 Cocomyces dentatus, 337 Coix, 345 Colchicum autumnale 152 Coleosporium, 182, 185, 186, 187, 195, 196, 197; apocynaceum, 183, 184; carneum, 188, 189, 191, 192, PG50,007; Gelicatulum, 197, 310, 314; elephantopodis, 188, 189, 190, 191, 195, 197, 198; helianthiae, 197; inconspicuum, 197; ipomoeae, 197; laciniariae, 184, 185, 186, 197; minutum, 187, 188, 197; ribicola, 144, 197; Solidaginis, 144, 197; terebinthinaceae, 197; vernoniae, TS, 192 Coleosporium, New species and rela- tionships in the genus, 182 Colletotrichum, 56, 333; nigrum, 343 Collinsia bartsiaefolia, 3150; grandi- flora, 151; tenella, 151 Collybia, 43;--campanella, 55; radi- cata. 51: velutipes, 43 Coltricia Montagnei, 13; obesa, 13; perennis, 12; tomentosa, 13 Coniocybe, 220; Beckhausii, 224, 225 Comandre pallida, 144 Coprinus atramentarips, 286; fime- tarius, 3253; micaceus, 325 Coptis trifolia, 283 -Cordia borinquensis, 318; corym- posa,.317; macrophylla, 319 349 Cordyceps, 67,68, 71,93, 94,).344; militaris, 339 Coreopsis, 186, 195 Coriolellus malicola, 20, 43; sepium, O10, 20; 85.5 sSetlalis, 19, 20, 24 Coriolopsis fulvocinerea, 88; rigida, 108 : Coriolus, 17, 87, 88; abietinus, 339; balsameus, 73 ‘biformis, 7; depau- peratus, 87; hirsutulus, .7; Lloydii, 7 moliusculus, 7 . agenrezatus: 166; elegantioides, 166; impolitus, 166; iodeoides, 166; mammosus, 166; purpureophyllus, 166; rubens, 166; semisanguineus, 325; sphaero- sperma, 166; subpulchrifolius, 166; subrigens, 166; subtabularis, 166; velicopia, 166; virentophyllus, 166 Cortinellus rutilans, 325 Corynelia,.208, 200, 210, 217. 212, Zisy 2RO. 2174 26. 220) 32926, 230. 240, 241, 246, 250, 253, 264, 267; bispora, 274," 2i5,. 237" Sao. 242 brasiliensis, 207, 214, 216, 234, 240, 2h 531 72505 257,.. 258). 260% ‘carpo- philats207;)241,) 242 \clavata, 243; ZAAM 2A 0, 2A 2A0n aes h,254" 20s 262 ;'\ clavata andina, 244;° clavata fructicola, 251; clavata - macro- Spota, °207,. 242; 243%) clavata,, por- toricensis, 207,259, 261; fructicola, ZiOVe Sile eens, wehA eA Toa 2e. eo. 235, 236, 239, 240, 243, 245; jamai- censis, 207, 214, 216, 217, 234, 235, 240, 255, 256, 260, 262; nipponen- SIS, 207, 214571215, 235, 240, (253; oreophila, 207, 214,216, 217, 218, 235, 237, 240, 247, 251, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260; 261;°262; poculiformis, 264; portoricensis, PLANS 2TO) 27 PAA, 227.9 Awe ance 256, 258, 259, 260, ' 261, 262, 318; pteridieplay) 220,231, 236,- tripos, 20751232, thOpicCa,; 210.1204) 206.12 17, Z2E 8) C23 0K 2AOnNZAAN 2A Lee 26s 25, 2575 uberata, 207, 1200," 214, f215, 217 )N2TO 1 235, 1239) 2410, (243, 2415, ZAG ZAG 240) 250.6250, . 254207 ‘Coryneliaceae, Monograph of the, 206 Coryneliella,: 209; consimilis, 207, ZOQA22370 5203), 1264 300) Coryneum Rhododendri, 337 Costus speciosus, 31 Crataegus, 199; Douglasii, 144 Craterellus, 105; cornucopioides, 322; pistillaris, 136 Creonectria Bainii, spora, 319 Crepidotus, 1133 stipitatus, 166 Cronartium Comandrae, 144; ribicola, 106, 174, 296, 298 Crotalaria retusa, 317 Crucibulum vulgare, 328, 339 Cryptogramma Stelleri, 144 Cryptomyces, 116; Pteridis, 132 Cryptoporus volvatus, 13 Cryptostictis, 337 Cucurbitaria, 200 Cunninghamella, 55, 130, 132 Cup-fungi, Photographs and descrip- tions of,—VIII. Elvela infula and Gyromitra esculenta, I Cyathea arborea, 38 Cyclamen, 58 Cylindrocolla Urticae, 205 Cyperus, 112; giganteum, 319; Grayli, 153 Cyphelium, 220; stenocyboides, 225, 226 318; grammico- Dacrymyces, 340; Ellisii, 340; fusco- minus, 340; pallidus, 340 Dacryopsis ceracea, 340 Dactylaria, 32; ‘Costi, 31; Leersiae, 30; Panici-paludosi, 29 Daedalea, 46, 110; Aesculi, 15; am- bigua,.15 confragosa, 174,: 323: extensa, 110; heteromorpha, 19; juniperina, 323; quercina, 43, 323; serpens, 46 Darluca,> 310. 397, Br2wiene sree var cuata, 310; Bivonae, 314; filum, 300;°9310,.4311,. 302.313. 3d, 35); Sorght, 393.314 svageans, 9313 Darluca on Peridermium Peckii, 309 Dasya, 226 Dematium pullulans, 126, 133 Dendrophoma, 55 Dendryphium nodulosum, 205 Deschampsia caespitosa, 281 Descriptions of cup-fungi, graphs and,—VIII. Elvela and Gyromitra esculenta, 1 Desmidiospora myrmecophila, 65 Diabrotica, 66, 69, 76 Diachaea leucopoda, 340 Photo- infula Diaporthe, 55; Brenckleana, 202; crassicoli, 202 Diatrype, 200; paurospora, 201; phaeospora, 200 Dicaeoma poculiforme, 310 MycCoLoGIA Dichaena, 224; strumosa, 224 Diderma effusum, 340; testaceum, 341 Didymella effusa, 200; eupyrene, 199 Didymellina iridis, 162, 297 Didymium squamulosum, 341 Didymopanax, 320; Morotoni, 320 Diffenbachia sequine, 317 Dimerina monenses, 163 Dimerium grammodes, 317; Steven- Sit, 207, Diplocarpon, 212 Diplococcium, 205 Diplodia, 313; abrotani, 204; cacao- icola, 337; punctata, 309, 313; ure- dinaecola, 313 Discomyces, 57 Distichlis spicata, 279 Ditiola Albizziae, 340 Doassansia alismatis, 276; martian- offana, 276 Dodge, B. O., The. life history of Ascobolus magnificus, 115 Dothichiza populea, 105 Dothichloe Aristidae, 319 Dothidella flava, 163, 319; portori- censis, 163 Dothiorella, 55 Drymis, 246; chilensis, 246 Dryopteris, 283 Eccilia, 113; pirinoides, 166 Echinodontium, 344; tinctorium, 345 Elephantopus, 185, 186, 188, 189, 191, 195; carolinianus, 190, 191; elatus, 191, 197; nudatus, 191; tomento- sus, I9I Elettaria, 94, 95 Elfvingia, 14; Brownii, 16; fasciata, 14; :lipsiensis, -14 35° lobata, 322); megaloma, 14, 323, 339 Elfvingiella, 14; fomentaria, 339; marmorata, 14 Elmeriana setulosa, 47, 108 Elvela, 1, 2, 3; brunnea, 4; esculenta, 13 infula, 1,252.3, 4, ,474y ee, I, 4; oregonensis, 5; rhodopus, 4 Elvella, 1 (see Elvela) Elymus, 277, 294; canadensis, 293, 204, 295; condensatus, 279, 281; glaucus, 146; virginicus, 293, 294, 295 Endodothella Rickii, 174 Endohormidium tropicum, 244, 245, 265 Entoloma commune, 325; Grayanum, 325; pallidum, 325 Entomogenous fungi, On certain, 62 Entyloma arnicale, 276; Collinsiae, 150; compositarum, 276 a Epicoccum, 126 Epilobium adenocaulon, 147; alpi- num, 147; anagallidifolium, 147; angustifolium, 33, 147; platyphyl- lum, 147 Epithele, 287; sulphurea, 287, 296 Epochnium, 205; isthmophorum, 205 Erigeron elatus, 276; macranthus, 146; solsuginosus, 276 Erikssonia, 174 Eriocoma cuspidata, 279 Eriogonum Piperi, 147 Erythronium grandiflorum, 147 Euthamia, 185, 195; tenuifolium, 310 Eutypa leioplaca, 201; scabrosa, 201 Putypa; 2013 :lata, 201 Eutypella Sarcobati, 201 Exidia, 340; Beardsleei, 340 Exoascus purpurascens, 336 Exobasidium Azaleae, 339 Favolus europaeus, 161, 288; Kauff- manii, 8;. Whetstoneae, 8 Fenestella minor, 203 Ferdinandsen, C., and Winge, O., A Phyllachorella parasitic on Sar- gassum, 102 Festuca microstachys, 277, 279; octa- Hore, 2775. -reflexa, 279; tenella, 280 Ficus Carica, 26 Fistulina hepatica, 47 Fitzpatrick, H. M., Monograph of the Coryneliaceae, 206 Fomes, 136; amarus, 15; applanatus, [As 166, 169; 'Arctostaphyli; 16; bakeri 136, 142:. borealis,- 16; cylindrispora, 17; Demidoffii, 14; evetiattit, 137; . fuscopurpureus, eee Elantioi, 13: i¢niarius, » 136, Es7eonee aricis, 47; lucidus, 160; Ohiensis, 21; pinicola, 345; pute- aris. 21,547 > robustus, ‘13; 136; FOSeusS, 13; spongiosus, 21, 41; bentisy 21 ;* texanus, 209; -tortulo- Sus, 23, 41; ungulatus, 43 Fomitiporia cylindrispora, 17; dryo- phila; 7; tsugina, 43; Weirii, 24 Fuligo septica, 341 ~ Fulvifomes, 13; Everhartii, 14; juni- perinus, 14; Robiniae, 323 Funalia stuppéa, 11, 41; versatilis, De se villosa: 1x Fungi, Illustrations of,—XXXII, 59 Fungi, Notes and translation —, New Japanese: Vill, 25; DX, 329 Fungi of Blacksburg, Virginia, The, 322 Fungi, On certain entomogenous, 62 Fungus, Penicillium spiculisporum, a new ascogenous, 268 INDEX TO VoLUME XII 351 Fuscoporia ferruginosa, 339 Fusicladium, 330; theae, 330 Galactia: Striata..310 Galera, 113; bulbifera, nopes, 166 Galerula crispa, 325 Ganoderma, 88; pseudoboletus, 15; Sessile): 155. ssubpertoratum, 15; sulcatum, 40; Tsugae, 339 Gaylussacia, 33 Geaster hygrometricus, 328 Genea, 283; cubispora, 284 166; cyas Genea from Michigan, An unde scribed, 282 Geopetalum angustatum, 325; peta- loides, 325 Gesneria albiflora, 320 Geum ciliata, 281 Gibberella saubinetii, 343 Gibellula, 68, 73, 74 Gilkey, Helen M., Two new truffles, 99 Glacier National Park, Montana, Rusts from, 143 Globifomes graveolens, 14 Gloeophyllum hirsutum, 15 Gloeosporium, 333; carthami, . 333; citricolum, 28; foliicolum, 27.3 ner- visequum, 126, 133; piperatum, 343 Glomerella;| 131, 132;- cinsulata: 343 Glonrellay 55> tubra, 163 Glonium, 55 Glycosma occidentalis, 146 Glycyrrhiza lepidota, 147 Gnomonia veneta, 133 Gouania lupuloides, 319 Griffithsia, 126; Bornetiana, 133 Grifola’ Berkeleyi, 17,323 ;. cristata; 10; flavovirens, 323; fractipes, 11; frondosa, 10; mesenterica, 10; 319; polygama, Pecktana.| Lt. Pomipes, » 10 Sum stinei, 10 Griggsia cyathea, 38 Grossularia cynosbati, 197; innomi- natal. 197; reclinata, 107 Guarea trichiloides, 317 Guignardia Justiciae, 163; Nectan- diac, 163; Pipericola, s3207-) betra- zygiae, 163 Gymnopus dryophilus, 322, 325; ex- sculptus, 325; longipes, 325; platy- phyllus; 7325. 3305 radicatuss 325 ; strictipes, 325 Gymnosporangium, 126, 133, 198, 340; Betheli, 144; germinale, 144; juvenescens, 144; Nelsoni, 144 Gyromitra,, 1, 2,3; esculenta, 1,-2). 3; 4, 174; esculenta crispa, 4; infula, 3, 4 Bo2 MYcoLocIAa Hahn, G.-G. Hedgcock, (G.sG,, Hunt N. R., and, New species and rela- tionships in the genus Coleospor- ium, 182 Halerpestes Cymbalaria, 146 Halstedia, 163; portoricensis, 163 Hapalopilus gilvus, 12, 41; licnoides, 23, 41; sublilacinus, 12 Hebeloma, 113, 325; hortense, 112; simile, 156 Hedgcock, G. G., Hunt, N. R., and Hahn, G. G., New species and re- lationships in the genus Coleo- sporium, 182 Hedysarum sulphurescens, 147 Helianthus, 186, 195; tomentosus, 197; tuberosus, 197 Helminthosporium interseminatum, 205; papaveri, 329 Helvella, 1; elastica, 345; esculenta, 4 Hendersonia, 313; uredinaecola, 313 Heterosporium, 172; gracile, 162 Hexagona alveolaris, 8, 322, 323; cu- cullata, 16 ;-striatula,S,. 323 Hieracium albiflorum, 146; columbia- num, 146 . Hirsutella, 62, 63,64; 165,168, 70," 71, 73, 74; citriformis, 70,75, 765 en= tomophila, 62, 64, 68, 75, 76; floc- cosa, 69, 75; fusiformis, 70, 75; saussurei, 69, 75, 76; surinamensis, 70 History of Ascobolus plagniicus, The life, 115 Holcus lanatus, 278 Hordeum; 276,280, (2095's 293, 294, 295 Hunt, N. R., and Hahn, G..G., Hedg- cock, G. G., New species and rela- tionships in the genus Coleospor- ium, 182 Hyalopsora Cheilanthes, 144 Hydnellum zonatum, 323 jubatum, anomala, Hymenochaete, 288, 280; 289; borealis, 289; cubensis, 289; digitata, 289; fulva, 289; multi- setae, 289; olivacea, 7; opaca, 289; pinnatifida, 289; reflexa, 289 ; un- gulata, 289 Hiydrocveue, 283 Hydnoporia fuscescens, 7 Hydnum erinaceum, 139 Hydrangea’ “arborescens, 33; -34-ar- borescens grandiflora, 34; horten- SiS, 34; paniculata grandiflora, 345 petiolaris, 34 Hydroeybe ceracea,) 325 ;\conica,) 325 5 flammea, 325; psittacina, 325 Hypholoma, 113; appendiculatum, 325, 326; lacrymabundum, 325; peckianum, 166; perplexum, 43 Hypnea, 126 Hypnum, 226 Hypocrea, 93, 94, 98; 94; viridans, 98 Hypocreales—IV, Aschersonia and Hypocrella, Notes on North Amer- ican, 93 Hypocrella, -.93,, 04,05," 90, -07,) 98; cretacea, 95, 96, 97, 98; discoidea, 94, 95; disjuncta, 97; filicina, 93; guaranitica, 97, 319; phyllogena, 94, 95;.salaccensis, 96; tamoneae, 97, 319; turbinata, 96, 319 Hypomyces lactifluorum, 16, 322 phyllogena, Hypoxylon effusum, 200; poculi- forme, 264 ; Hypsotheca, 219, 264; ° calicioides, 219,220, 2206 tosa, 220, 221, 222; ephemera, 223; subcorticalis, 219, 223, 224; thu- jina,/ 219, 264 Hysterostomina Bakeri, 174 Hystrix patula, 292, 293, 294, 295 Icanthus pallens, 318, 319 Illustrations of fungi—XXXII, 59 Impatiens, 295; biflora, 294 Index to American mycological lit- erature, 55,; Tl2,4972.3266,7944 Inga laurina, 52, 97, 310, +390) syera: 318 Inocybe, 113, 325; ‘geophylla, 325; glaber, 166; lanotodisca, 166 Inonotus, 15,- 17; . amplecténsi 12; cuticularis, 12, 20; dryadeus, 41; dryophilus, 12), 49 }irutteamin: 42); glomeratus, 18; hirsutus, 12; Leei, 19;- ludovicianus, 20; perplexus, 12; \tadiatus,. 12y 2S eso Inzengaea, 126, 133 Ipomoea, 186,°195 ; batatis) 2 us tilia- Cea, 357 Iresine, 155; paniculata, 154 Irpex, 78 Isaria, 65, 68, 93, 94; gtacilis, 64, 65, 66, 69; saussurei, 63, 64, 66, 69; sphaecophila, 63, 65, 66, 70; suri- namensis, 64, 65, 66, 67, 70 Jackson, H. S., New or noteworthy North American Ustilaginales, 149 Japanese fungi.: Notes and transla- tions —, New, VIII, 25; IX, 329 Juglans, 82 Juncus bufonius, 156 Juniperus, 299; monosperma, 92, 299; sabinioides, 299 Kalmia latifolia, 300 . Kawakamia, 26, 27; Castes) 25.) .6- peri, 26 calicioides caespi-- See ) Kueneola obtusa, 310 babrella, 55 iaceania daccata, '325, 3390; ochropur- purea, 325 Lachnocladium, 287; bicolor, 287; erectum, 287, 296; Micheneri, 287; Se€liweinitzii, 287, 322, 339 Lachnum crystalligerum, 203 Kacimania,,185, 186; chapmani, 185; elegans, 186; elegantula, 186, 197; eracwis, 186, 197; . graminifolia, Ped tos, £OO>: laxa, 186, 1073 squarrulosa, 186, 197; tenuifolia, 186, 197 Ieactatia, 326; cinerea, 326; Indigo, e2cur pactitina, 325-3 piperata, 325; scrobiculata, 325; subdulcis, 325; varia, 326 Laestadia, 55 Laetiporus speciosus, 11; sulphureus Ei. 16, 323 Laguncularia racemosa, 318 Larix, 288 Leersia hexandra, 30, 31 Lehman, S. G., Penicillium spiculi- sporum, a new ascogenous fungus, 268 Lembosia Coccolobae, 307 Lemna minor; 126, 133 Lentinus, 57; Freemanii, 57 Lentodium tigrinum, 167 Lenzites heteromorpha, 92; 167 Leocarpus fragilis, 341 Leotia stipitata, 322 Lepargyrea canadensis, 144 Lepiota, 113; fischeri, 166 Leptostromella, 55 Leviellea poculiformis, 264 Lichen colpodes, 249; 247, 249, 251 Life history of Ascobolus cus, The, 115 Light-colored resupinate fe 5 pas ia 299 Ligustrum vulgare, 306 Limacinia theae, 332 Linospora Trichostigmae, 320 Liriodendron, 41, 82 List of the pyrenomycetes of Porto Rico collected by H. H. Whetzel and EH. W.: Olive, A, 316 Lithacne pauciflora, 319 Lophium dolabriforme, 180, 181 Lophodermium Rhododendri, 337 Lotus micranthus, 281 Lycoperdon, 328; cruciatum, 328, 339; gemmatum, 328; separans, 328 Lycopodium lucidulum, 283 9 317; diffusa, trabea, helopherus, magnifi- polypores INDEX TO VOLUME XII 30d Macrophoma Villaresiae, 174 Macrosporium, 173; tomato, 297 Manina cordiformis, 323 Marasmius, 326; glabellus, 326; ore- ades; 3205" ‘rotula.) 3265 Sacchari, 338 Marsonia carthami, 333 Mayepea domingensis, 320 Megalonectria pseudotrichia, 319 Meibomia barbata, 317 Melampsora, 297; albertensis, 144; arctica, 144; confluens, 1453 occi- dentalis, 145 Melampsorella elatina, 145 Melampsoropsis Piperiana, 337; Py- rolae, 145 Melanconium botryosum, 204 Melanoleuca alboflavida, 326; mela- leacay3267 ; Melanomma medium, 200 Melanopsama pomiformis, 199 Meélanospora, 1275.4 cervicula, “127 ; marchica, 127; papillata, 127 Melia azedarach, 53 : Meliola Andirae, 317; bicornis Calo- Pogonis, 317 >. camelliae -333 ; Lciti:, 333; citticola, 3324 “Dittenbachiae, 3173. glabroides, 317 ;.. Guareéicola, 317; [pomoeae; "317+" longipoda, 318; mayaguesiana, 318; melasto- macearum, 418; nigta, sros) Panic, 218; Paulliniae, 3185 penziri 332; Psidii, 318; psycotriae, 318; pteri- dicola, 318; sepulta, 318; Tecomae, 318; tortuosa, 318 Membranipora tuberculata, 103 Merulius, 138; aureus, 138, 142; tre- mellosus, 323 Mezira, emarginata, 71;°°75,; 76; -lo- bata 71.075 Michigan, An undescribed Genea from, 282 Niconia, 1310) prasimas® 317) race= mosa, 318 Micropeltis aeruginescens, 318 Microporellus dealbatus, 9 Microstelium hyalinum, 179 Microstoma ingaicola, 52; pitheco- lobil, 52 Mitella nuda, 146 Moneses uniflora, 145 Monograph of the Coryneliaceae, 206 Monographia Uredinearum, 35 Montana, Rusts from Glacier Honal hark, 143 Morchella, 162; esculenta, 126, 133 Mucilago spongiosa, 341 Mucor clavatus, 207, 247, 249, 250 Mucronella, 139; ulmi, 138, 142 Murrill, W. A., Another new truffle, 157; Corrections and additions to Na- 354 MycoLoGIA the polypores of temperate North America, 6; Illustrations of fungi — XXXII, 59; Light-colored re- supinate polypores — I, 77; — II, 299; The fungi of Blacksburg, Vir- ginia, 322 Muscaria, 152 Mycobonia, 287 Mycologicae, ser. XXIX, Notae, 199 Mycological notes for 1919, Some, 135 Mycosphaerella Didymopanicis, 320; Ikedai, 331; Perseae, 320; puncti- formis, 331; theae, 330 Myriadoporus induratus, 80 Myrica cerifera, 77 Myriogenospora Bresadoleana, 319 Myrsine, 2407; africana, 241) 242 Naematelia quercina, 340 National Park, Montana, Rusts from Glacier, 143 New ascogenous fungus, Penicillium spiculisporum, a, 268 New Japanese fungi. Notes and trans- © lations — VIII, 25; — IX, 329 New or noteworthy North American Ustilaginales, 149 New species and relationships in the genus Coleosporium, 182 New truffle, Another, 157 New truffles, Two, 99 Nocardia, 57 North America, Corrections and addi- tions to the polypores of temper- ate, 6 : North American Hypocreales — IV, Aschersonia and Hypocrella, Notes on, 93 North American Ustilaginales, New or noteworthy, 149 Notae mycologicae, ser. XXIX, 199 Notes and brief articles, 36, 104, 159, 286, 334 Notes and translations —, New Japa- nese’ fungi, Willii2c xX =320 Notes for 1919, Some mycological, W315 - Notes on North American Hypo- creales — IV, Aschersonia and Hypocrella, 93 Noteworthy North American Usti- laginales, New or, 149 Notholcus, 150; lanatus, 150 Nummularia cincta, 321 Observations on the genus Acrosper- mum, 175 Oidiopsis taurica, 211, 267 Olive, A list of the pyrenomycetes of Porto Rico collected by H. JH: Whetzel and E. W., 316 Olyra latifolia, 318 Omphalopsis campanella, 326, 339 Onygena equina, 289 Ophiobolus, 171; herpotrichus, 171 Orbilia, 87; vinosa, 203 Ornithogalum, 151, 152 Osmorrhiza divaricata, 146 Overholts, L. O., Some mycological notes for 1919, 135 Oxalis acetosella, 283 Oxyria digyna, 281 Palicourea procea, 318 Panaeolus campanulatus, 326; semi- . globatus, 326; retirugis, 326 Panellus stypticus, 326 Panicum crus-galli, 276, 279; gluti- nosum, 318; milaceum, 279; palu- dosum, 29, 30, 31; sanguinale, 30 Papaver somniferum, 329 Papulospora, 115, 120;02235. 125 ue, 132; candida, 123; coprophila, 123; magnifica, 123, 27 se Parasitic on Sargassum, A _ Phylla- chorella, 102 Paritium tiliaceum, 320 Parodiella, 174 Parthenium, 186 Paspalum, 40, 41; conjugatum, 319; dilatum, 41; distichum, 41; flori- danum, 41; laeve, 41; notatum, 319 Patinella Brenckleana, 203; inqui- nanti, 203 Paullinia pinnata, 318 Paxillus corrugatus, 138, 139 Penicillium, 268, 273; avellaneum, 260,273; Gratioti, 2735 lenge, 273; luteum, 2605" —Petehin waza. spiculisporum, 268, 269, 271 Penicillium spiculisporum, a new as- cogenous fungus, 268 Penstemon ellipticus, 144 Peregrinus, 66; maidis, 65, 66, 69 Periaster Strongylodontis, 174 Peridermium, 33, “345 36,0 182) sues: 185,186, 187, 180, 2O0r: TOnTog: 194, 196, 197; acicolum,. 794;\7O6r carneum,..188, 197,~192,) POs. nee. cerebrum, 344; delicatulum, 196; elephantopodis, 190, 195, 196; flor- idanum, 193, 194,197; fragile, 185; harknessii, 344; Hydrangeae, 34, 296; inconspicuum, 196; interme- dium, 194, 195; ipomoeae, 196; mi- nutum, 186, 187; Peckitieggmeas. 311, 314, 315; Sparsum, 33; tere- binthinaceae, 196 Peridermium Peckii, Darluca on, 309 Perisporum. Bromeliae, 318; trunca- tum, 318 Perkinsiella saccharicida, 64, 65, 70 Peronoplasmopara portoricensis, 52 Peronospora, 344; Spinaciae, 343 WE = Lacy -! INDEX TO VOLUME XII Persea gratissima, 320 Pestalozzia Guepini, 337 Phaedothopsis Eupatorii, 163 Phaeoisaria, 65 Phaeotrype, 200; Brencklei, 200 Phallus Monacella, 4 Phalaris arundinaceae, 279 Pharbitis, .1é5, 186, 195; 197 Phaseolus adenanthus, 317, 320 Phleum pratense, 280, 310 Pholiota Johnsoniana, 326 Phoma filum, 313 Phomopsis juniperovora, 337 Photographs and descriptions of cup- fungi — VIII, Elvela infula and Gyromitra esculenta, 1 cathartica, Phragmidium, 309; Andersoni, 145; imlitams,. 145; Lvesiae, 145; occi- dentalis, 145; Potentillae, 145; Rosae-acicularis, 145 Phragmosperma, 174 Phycomyces nitans, 113 Phylacia poculiformis, 264 Phyllachora andropogonis, 319; Bour- reriae, 319; Cyperi, 319; Engleri, 319; Galactiae, 319; graminis, 320; Mayepeae, 320; minuta, 320; ni- tens, 320; peribebuyensis, 320; Phaseoli, 320; Roureae, 320; Secu- ridacae, 320; sphaerosperma, 320 Phyllachorella, 103; Oceanica, 103 Phyllachorella parasitic on Sargas- sum, A, -102 Phyllosticta, 55, 56; bonduc, 163; cy- claminicola, 58 Physalospora Andirae, 320 Physarum cinereum, 341; mum, 340; polycephalum, sinuosum, 341 Physisporus, 48; luteoalbus, 78; rixo- sus, 78; serenus, 78 Physomitra, 2; esculenta, 2, 4; in- pila, 2.4 Phytophthora, 25,26, 27; Carica, 25; fabert, 57 5-Fici; 25); omnivora, 26; terrestria, 297 Picea, 41; Engelmanni, 91 Pings at, 184,-185,. 187, 190,'-192, 196; canariensis, 191, 197; cari- baed,, 183, 184): 190, 191, 192, 195; clausa,. 192s. ‘contorta, 191, - 197; Coulter, 191, 192, 197; echinata, S8,,101,.1O2, 1904, 195, 196; flexilis, Hin sidbpta,1to7,- 1925 -Inops, 21585 Lambertiana, 83; Massoniana, 305; Mayriatia, 191, 192, 197; monti- cola, 22, 91; Murrayana, 42; nigra austriaea, 192; nigra laricio, 102; Paluistiis, 183,17 164, 185, 191, "193, 194, 196, 197; ponderosa, 193;.pu- flavico- 340 ; 500 milo. 220-)-227. TaGgiata, 191, 107 5 Picidawerso. 130) hoo TOL 193, e227; Sabiniana,, 5903; Serotina; ‘1om;) ‘1903, 197; scopulorum, 193; strobus, 106, 226,236) 206 3. taeda; .183; 184) 188, LOW Log Piper medium, 320; peltatum, 318 Pairiculania,, 32 ...Costi, 32>. Leersiae: B82). eeanicipaludosa, 32) =Setaniae, Sir Aimeiben.93'r Pithecolobium saman, 52, 160; un- 1S Cati. LO Platygloea caroliniana, 340; Lagers- troemiae, 340 Pleococcum populinum, 37 Pleospora Shepherdiae, 200 Pleurage curvicola, 298 Pleuropus albogriseus, 326 Pleurotus, 43, 104, 113; albolanatus, 166; ostreatus, 43, 326; serotinus, 43 Pluteus admirabilis, 38; 326; praerugosus, 326 Poa pratense, 280 Podocarpus; 208, 214, 215,217) (278: ZAG 252%. 257, 2504. san ita s24'5, 3 angustifolia, 255,.257; chilina, 217; 245.) 240) 247, 256% coriacea, 234, 326; obesus, cervinus, 200, HO1O #: COStatay (2455-42475 2405 elongata ,met7,o028 30) 23.05. 02416.4-25 15 252 3) elongata *toliucola, 251. fal= Cata, 240,- 251.5, Sracihior,. 2403, 253"; [Lanberti,.233;>latilolia: 248; ma- crophylla, 253, 254; macrostachys, 265, 2575 milanjiana, 2436. Naceia, 24870253); -purdicana; 262: Salienay 245,247 > Sellowil; 255,°257 >: baun- bereii, 233, 235, 240 Pogonomyces, 18; hydnoides, 87 Polistes, 64, 66, 69; annularis, 66, 60, 76 Polyandromyces, 345 Polycystis, 150 Polygonum, 278; hydropiperoides, 280, newberryi, 280 Polypodium, 236; crassifolium, 230; cretatum, 179; induens, 178, 179; phyllitidis, 230; punctatum, 230; Schomburghianum, 230 Polypores, Light-colored Ss saa 200 Polypores of temperate North Amer- ica, Corrections and additions to the; 6 ; Polyporus, 46; admirabilis, 43; adun- cus, 15; Alabamae, 77; albocarneo- gilvidus, 20; albo-incarnatus, 50; alutaceus, 8; amygdalinus, 9, 16; aneinina,: 3003. .arcularitormis, 9; arcularius, 9, 324; argillaceus, 83; resupinate, 300 Bankeri, 12; biformis, 7; bomby- cinus, 301; botryoides, 14; Bracei, 57; calceolus, 24; calvescens, 12, 16; ‘catneus, Visi Catyac wos. weat- dicinus, 21; cinereus, 81, 82; cin- nabarinus, 288; circinatus, 13; cir- cinatus dualis, 13; columbiensis, 9; confluens, 10, 16, 20; confusus, 9, .17; coruscans) 12.3; eraterellus; 95° “Croceus,, WEiemcutienlaris. «15: cyathiformis, 9, 17; dealbatus, 9; dryinus, 48; dualis, 13; elegans, 324; epileucus, 17; excurrens, 46, 107, 108; extensus, 108; Farlowii, 17; fimbriatellus, 302; floriformis, 18; fractipes, 9, 11, 18; fomentar- ius, 288; .galactinus, 140; gilvus, 136; “glomeratus,) 1296s; Grantit, 18; Grayil, 7; griseoalbus, 81, 302; hirtus, 19; hispidus, 288; Hook- efii, 12; humilis (9,) 11,18" demiar- ius, 288; induratus, 80; intyba- ceus, 10; isabellinus, 78; Kansen- sis, 10; lucidus, 15,114; luteoalbus, 89; McMurphyi, 20; mollis, 18, 23; molluscus, 81, 302; Montagnei, 13; mutabilis, 9; ornatus, 80; osseus, 18; .20% “OVInNYS) “10, .205 pallidus: 21; pargamenus, 140; pennsylvani- cus, 21; pes-caprae, 9; Pini-cana- densis, 11; pini-ponderosae, 8; pro- lificans, 12; pulchellus, 48; radicu- losus, 301; rheades, 12; rigidus, 22; roseo-isabellinus, 78; Schwei- nitzli, 140; semitinctus, 300; sinuo- sus, 78; smaragdinus, 23; spumeus, 23; squamosus, 168; Stephensii, 47; subacidus, 80; sulphureus, 288; tephroleucus, _23; ursinus, 23; Vaillantil, 78, 81, 301, 302% vapora- Trius}. 783. Vvariitormis:. 24.4 varius, 24; violaceus, 300; vitellinulus, 50; vulgaris, 89; Weinmanni, 18, 23, 24; Zelleri, 24 Populus, 41; grandidentata, hastata, 145; tremuloides, 144 Poria, 47,-48; 50) 57, 177, 90, .T0Ss1 no, 113, 140, 334; acida, 80; adpressa, 85; Alabamae, 77, 78, 108; Amesii, 90; anaectopora, 109; arachnoidea, 307; argillacea, 83; Beaumontii, 80; calcea, 108; candidissima, 108; Caryae, 82, 108; cinerea, 81, 82, 83; cinereicolor, . 873i "clatinata. sno. Cokeri, 306; corioliformis, 86; cor- ticola, 88; cremeicolor, 85; cremor, 109; cylindrispora, 17; decolorans, 109; distorta, 306; dryina, 108; Earlei, 86; elachista, 108; fatis- cens, 108; favescens, 109; favilla- cea, 109; fimbriata, 48; fimbria- TO2: MycoLoGIA tella, 302; griseoalba, 81, 302; heteromorpha, 92; holoxantha, 48; hondurensis, 303; hymeniicola, 305; incerta, 78; incrustans, 108; interna, 108; Johnstonii, 303; la- cerata, 91; lacticolor, 84; lignicola, 307; limitata, 108?) Lindbladit; 709:; linearis 303; medullapanis, 48, 77, 78; mollusca, 89; mollusca lutes- cens, 89; monticola, 90; montana, 307; myceliosa, 300; niveicolor, 84; obducens; "495" obliquay 17; omoema, 80; ornata, 335; perex- tensa, 304; polyporicola, 87; pul- chella, 49, 108; punctata, 17 ; radicu- losa, 301; regularis, 87; Rhododen- dri, 109; rimosa, 91, 299; rivulosa, 109; roseitingens, 305; salicina, 48, 304; Salviae, 108; Sassafras, 108; - semitineta, 140, > 300;;°30r; separans, 305; straminea, 47; sub- acida, 79, 80, 89, 335; subaurantia, 80; subavellanea, 88; subcollapsa, 90; subcorticola, 88; submollusca, 306; tenuipora, 85, 86; tenuis, 108, 302; tomento-cincta, 48; umbri- nescens,- 83; vaporaria, “75)8e); vesiculosa, 109; vulgaris, 49, 89, 302; vulgaris calcea, 89; xantha, 167; xantholoma, 49, 50, 108 Porodaedalea Pini, 13, 22 Porodisculus pendulus, 23 Poronia, 344 Poronidulus conchifer, 324 Porto Rico collected by H. H. Whet- zel and E. W. Olive, A list of the pyrenomycetes of, 316 Potamogeton gramineus, 276 Polystictus conglomerus, 17; sus, 108; rigens, 108 . Potentilla fruticosa, 145; monspelien- sis, 145; Nuttallii, 145; pennsyl- vanica, 145 Protomerulius Farlowii, 112 Prunulus, 326 Prunus melanocarpa, 202, 204 Pseudofavolus auriculatus, 16 ~ exten- Pseudomonas campestris, 55; citfi, 344 : Pseudoparodia, 174 Pseudopeziza medicaginis, 56; trifo- li 56 Pseudotsuga, 144, 288; macrocarpa, 304; mucronata, 144 Psidium guajava, 318 Psilocybe, 113; foenesecii, 326; larga, 166 Puccinia,. 163, 300} abesrans.. a5 ; abundans, 145; Actaeae-Agropyri, 293; Actaeae-Elymi, 293; Agropyri, 294; antirrhini, 58, 145; arnicalis, INDEX TO VOLUME XII 35 145; aspera, 146; Asterum, 146; Balsamorrhizae, 146; bromia, 309; Caricis, 309; Circaceae, 146; Cirsil, 146; clematidis, 146, 292, 293, 294; coronata, 56; Fergussoni, 146; Prasehi, 140; graminis, 312, ‘314, 345; Heucherae,146; Hieracii, 146; -Holboellii, 146; Impatientis, 294, 295; Menthae, 312; mesomejalis, 146; phakopsorides, 112; Pimpi- meilaest46; Porri, 312; Prunorum, 309; purpurea, 314; Rhamni, 146; Samiitagae, 146; Taraxaci, 147; Triseti, 309; Troximontis, 147; Ur- tieae,--147; Veratri, 147; Violae, 147 . Pucciniastrum, 33; arcticum ameri- canum, 147; Hydrangeae, 33, 296; iainiauna, 9335) Myrtilli, 33, 147; pustulatum, 33, 35, 147; Pyrolae, 147 Pucciniastrum Hydrangeae, The al- ternate stage of, 33 Pycnoderma Villaresiae, 174 Pycnoporus cinnabarinus, 324 Pyrenomycetes of Porto Rico col- lected by H. H. Whetzel and E. W. Olive, A list of the, 316 Pyrenopeziza Rubi, 203 Pyrenopsis fuscoatra, 336 Pyrola asarifolia, 145; chlorantha, 145; minor, 147; secunda, 145, 147 Pyronema, 116, 121, 122; confluens inigneum, 132 Pyropolyporus, 13, 16; Abramsianus, Rye maker, 13, 41; Calkinsii, 7; Eater. .14; igniarius, 16, 43, 3390; juniperinus, 14; praerimosus, 14 Quamasia, 152; guamash, 152; hya- cinthina, 152 Quamoclit, 186 Quercus alba, 91, 140; coccinea, 224; utahensis, 201, 202 Ramularia cyclaminicola, 58 Randia aculeata, 318 Rapanea, 214, 215, 241; melano- phloeos, 235, 241 Relationships in the genus Coleo- sporium, New species and, 182 Resupinate polypores, Light-colored, = 773 11; 209 Rhamnus alnifolia, 146 Rhaphidophora, 171; herpotricha, 171 Rhaphidospora, 171; herpotricha, 171,; iacroiKi, 171 Rhizoctonia, 126, 133 Rhizopus, 130 Rhizostilbella, 122; rubra, 132 Rhizotexes, 174 =< Rhododendron maximum, 323 Rhus copallina, 336; coriaria, 336 Ribes, 106, 174, 296; floridanum, 199; lacustre, 144 Ricania discalis, 66, 70 Ricinus communis, 172 Riddle, L. W., Observations on the genus Acrospermum, 175 Rigidoporus surinamensis, 22 Rosa, 201; Bourgeauiana, 145; gym- nocarpa, 145.; nutkana, 145 Rosellinia amphisphaerioides, mastoideae, 199; rimincolae, subsimilis, 199 Rostkovites granulatus, 324 Rostronitschkia, 55; nervincola, 320 Rourea. glabra; 318, 320 Rubus, 288; parviflorus, strigosus, 145, 147, 203 Russula, 113, 327; albida, 326; amyg- daloides, 166; compacta, 326; del- iGa,320;, emetica, 3205 tlavass330l: foetens, 326, 339; foetentula, 339; hureatay 326, —330);) nigricans. -3260.; ochraleucoides, 166; subpunctata, 166 ; virescens, 326, 327 Rusts from Glacier National Park, Montana, 143 199, 199; 45s e203; Sabal Palmetto, 40, 92 Saccardo, P. A., Notae mycologicae, ser. XXIX, 199 Salamonia, 152 Salix Bebbiana perrostrata, 145; mon- ticola, 145; nigra, 287; Scouleriana, 144, 145; subcaerulea, 145 Sambucus glauca, 200 Saprolegnia, 126 Sarcobatus vermiculatus, 201 Sargassum, 103 Sargassum, A Phyllachorella_ para- sitic on, 102 Sauvagesia erecta, 317 Saxifraga Mertensiana, laris, 146 Schlegelia brachyantha, 320 Seilla,c152 Scleroderma verrucosum, 328 Sclerotinia. libertiana,-126,< 1734) Ric Cini, 172 Sclerotium bifrons, 162; hydrophi- lum, 126, 133; omnivorum, 132 Scoleconectria tetraspora, 319 Scutiger caeruleoporus, 9; griseus, 20; hispidellus,* 10.70; holocya- neus, 9; oregonensis, 20; ovinus, 20; Persicinus, 10; Tradicatus,. ro, 19; retipes, 9; Whiteae, 10, 20 Seaver, F. J., Notes on North Ameri- can Hypocreales—IV, Aschersonia and Hypocrella, 93; Photographs 146; rivu- 308 and descriptions of cup-fungi— VIII. Elvela infula and Gyromitra esculenta, 1 Sebacina, 340 Securidaca virgata, 320 Septobasidium, 62, 340 Septoria, 55, 313; filum, 313; Lunel- liana, 204; rhoina, 336 Sietatias3 t Shepherdia argentea, 200 Sieversia* ciliata; 28a Silene, 280; Menziesii, 154; multi- caulis, 148; Watsoni, 154 Silphium, 186 Siphanta acuta, 66; 671-70," 7.6 Sitanion, 279 Smelowskia americana, 145 Solidago, 78s, 186, 195 s)concimna, 144 Some mycological notes for 1919, 135 Some Ustilagineae of the state of Washington, 275 Sorbus sitchensis, 144 Sorghum, 277 SOFicCds (2, (206s (2 ve 2ON- 227. nee: 229; Dusenii, 228, 220, 265; max- IMA, 200, 201.273, wenden 228. 220; 236-237 Sorosporella, 73, 74 Sorosporium Junci, 156; Saponariae, 154 Spacelotheca 277 Speare, A. T., On certain entomoge- nous fungi, 62 Sphaerella Rhododendri, 337 reiliana, 276; sorghi, Sphaeria .capitatay -252047 slum, on3e poculiformis, 264; turbinata, 248, PNG PIS Sphaeronaema polymorphum, 204 Sphaeronema, 3133. “clavatum, = 24x, 246; “subcorticale, “207, "22284224. 226 Sphaeropsis, 204 Sphaerostilbe coccophila, 319 Sphinctrina, 220 Spongipellis borealis, 41; fragilis, 18, 22; 23, 42, ¥A3G pealactinus so nr4s sensibilis, 18, 22; spumeus, 8 Sporobolus asperifolius, 277 Sporocybe Azaleae, 337; calicioides, 220, 222 Sporodesmium, 55 Stage of Pucciniastrum Hydrangeae, The alternate, 33 Standley, P. C., Rusts from Glacier National Park, Montana, 143 Steccherinum adustum, 323; pulcher- rimum, 323 Steganosporium heterospermum, 205; utahense, 204 Stellaria Curtisii, 154; Jamesiana, 154 MYCOLOGIA Stenocybe, 220 Stilbum, 73; buquetii, 73; ¢occo- philum, 73; kervillei, 73; rugosum, 224,225 Stipa, 279 Streptrathrix, 57 Strobilomyces strobilaceus, 324 Stropharia, 43; semiglobata, 327 Suillellus luridus, 324 Symphoricarpos albus, 145 Synnematium, 73, 74; Jonesii, 71, 74, 75, 76 Tanaka, T., New Japanese fungi. Notes and translations—VIII, 25; IX, 329 Taraxacum officinale, 147 Tecoma pentaphylla, 318 Teichospora oxythele, 200; solitaria, 200 Tetrazygia elaeagnoides, 320 Thalictrum, 294; dasycarpum, megacarpum, 146 Thamnomyces, 344 Thea sinensis, 330, 331 Thecaphora, 154,155; guyotiana, 277; Iresine, 154; Thornberi, 155, 156; deformans, 281 Thelephora, 322) palmata,..322 Theobroma cacao, 318 Thielavia basicola, 38 Thompson, Bertha E., Bessey, E. A., and, An undescribed Genea from Michigan, 282 Thuja, 288 Tilletia, 345; airae, 281; asperifolia, 277; elymt,~ 277; foetensa eZ . fusca, 277; guyotiana, 277 sholer. 150, 278; Rauwenhoffii, 150, 278; Secalis, .149, 1505. [rities, 146,)278 Tolyposporium, 155; Iresine, 154, 155; June, 156 Trametes, 46; extenuata, 11; gil- voides, 18; hexagonoides, 11; his- pida, 11; hydnoides, 18; Krekei, 19; lacerata, 193° malieola’ yo, 20 merisma, 20; minima, 8; mollis, 110; Morganii, 19, 20, 41; Petersii, 12, 213 poptlina, 7 = ‘protacpaaas. pusilla, 21; rigida, 20, 108; robi- niophila, 42; sepium, 21; serpens, 46,47, 77, 107,) 108%, -Setosaumecn. subserpens, 108; Trogii subresupi- nata, II Translations —, New Japanese fungi. Notes and, VIII. 25; IX, 329 Tranzchelia punctata, 309 Tremella, 141, 340; aspera, 340; car- neoalba, 340; frondosa, 322; myce- tophila, 322; reticulata, 141; spar- assoidea, 141, 142, 322; subanom- 204; INDEX TO VOLUME XII ala, 340; vesicaria, I41 Tremellodendron, 340; 142 Trichoglossum hirsutum, 142 Tricholoma, 113; laticeps, 166 Trichostigma octandra, 320 Wrientalis arctica, 152;-latifolia, 153 Trifolium hydridum, 148; repens, 148 Trillium chloropetalum, 151 Mripospora, 208, 209, 211, 215, 218, 222.2209); Cookei, 209, 232; tripos, ZOOM TR 2TA 275, 217,. 228, 232, 236, 237, 241 Triposporium, 332 Triticum, 277, 278, 280; vulgare, 294 Truffle, Another new, 157 Truffles, Two new, 99 Trullula tropica, 244 Tsuga, 288; canadensis, 35, 284, 311; heterophylla, 41 Tubaria furfuracea, 38 Tuber, 101, 287; Borchii, 99,- 100, 282; canaliculatum, 99, 100, 157, 282; dryophilum, 101; lyoni, 282; Macrosporum,100; maculatum, 1o1r; oligosperma, 287; rapaeodorum, 101; Shearii, 157, 158; unicolor, TOO, 157, 158 Tubercina Trientalis, 152 Tubercularia carnea, 197 Tulasnella, 287 Two new truffles, 99 Tylopilus alboater, 60; .felleus, 324; gracilis, 324 Tyromyces, 305; amorphus, 16; bal- Sameus, 7, 8; caesiosimulans, 16; caesius, 16; carbonarius, 16; chio- neus, 18; crispellus, 8; cutifractus, Wy tumidiceps, 18; guttulatus, 8, 42; lacteus, 324; perdelicatus, 21; Pseudotsugae, 21; semipileatus, 324; Smallii, 8; subpendulus, 23; substipitatus, 23; tiliophila, 8 gelatinosum, Uleodothis Pteridis, 163 Ulmus, 178; americana, 138, 142 Undescribed Genea from Michigan, An, 282 Uredinopsis Atkinsonii, 147 Uredo, :309; Epilobii, 309; Euphor- biae, .3eo%~.farinosa, 309; salicis, 309; Secalis, 149 Wreeystis, 127, 132; agropyri, 281; Colehici, 151; 152; gei, 281: Orni- phamalie U5, 1525 C0, 1515, 344 ; Waldsteiniae, 281 Uromyces, 163, 296, 309; Glycyrrhizae, obscuri, 147; heterodermus, 163; intricatus, 147; Junci, 2007; Cy tissi, 147; Hedysari- 147, 147 ; 309 porosus, 148; Silenes, 148; Trifolii, 148 Uromycladium, 309 Uropyxis sanguinea, 148 Urtica, 205; cardiophylla, 147; gra- cilis, 199, 205 Ustilaginales, New or North American, 149 Ustilagineae of the state of Washing- ton, Some, 275 noteworthy Ustilago avenae, 278; bistortorum, 276. bromivora;..277, 273; ..bLomi- vora macrospora, 279; claytoniae, 270°) Chus-fall,276,,.270 ; .ecninata, 279; hordei, 279; hypodytes, 279; levis, 279; macrospora, 281; mufor- diana, 2793. nuda. —280:" olivaceae, 281; perennans, 280; punctata, 280; spaerocarpa, 174; striaeformis, 280; tritici, 280; urticulosa, 280; vinosa, 281; violaceae major, 280; wash- ingtoniana, 280; zeae, 280 Ustulina vulgaris, 160 Vaccinium, 34; “angustitolium, 33; caespitosum, 147; corymbosum, 174; membranaceum, 147; Myrtillus, 147 Vaginata farinosa, 327; parcivolvata, 327; -plumbea, 322, 326,327, 330 Vagnera, 152 Valota insularis, 320 Wailsay Se1cta, 43202) leucostoma, 202 Veluticeps, 287; tabacina, 287 Venenarius, 327; Caesarius, 327; co- thurnatus, 322, 327; flavorubescens, 327; Krostianus, §327.; “muscarius, 54; phalloides, 54, 327; rubens, 327; solitarius, 327; Wellsii, 291 Venturia, 116; inaequalis, 132 Verbesina, 185, 186, 194, 195 Vernonia, 185, 186, 188, 189, 191, 193, cornicola, 202; 195; angustifolia, 193; baldwinii, “193; blodgettii, 193; drummondi, 193), lacciditolia, * 193 ; “eigantea, 1935.) glauea, 193); “anterior, 103; maxima, 193; noveboracensis, 192, 193; oligantha, 193; ovalifolia, 193; texana, 193; tomentosa, 193 Verrucaria sordida, 336 Vicia americana, 148 Vigna repens, 317 Viola, 283; canadensis, 147; palus- tLIS, fA Virginia, The fungi of Blacksburg, 322 Vitis, 288 Washington, Some Ustilagineae of the state of, 275 360 Whetzel and E. W. Olive, A list of the’ pyrenomycetes of Porto Rico collected by H. H., 316 Winge, O., Ferdinandsen, C., and, A Phyllachorella parasitic on Sar- gassum, 102 Xanthoporia Andersoni, 287 MycoLocia Xylaria apiculata, 3275) aristataegen axifera, 321; Schiweinitam, eu Zea mays, 276, 280 Zignoella algaphila, 163 Zingiber, 31 Zundel, G. L., Some Ustilagineae of the state of Washington, 275 * hy ni CONTRIBUTIONS. FROM THE NEW YORK > BOTANICAL GARDEN’. Ae eek Ade ey Price, ts cents each. See next page! uae a et aio Aviv, nat eta ttn athe: A! No. 872 - Phe ‘Tylostomaceae of North: Aimerica, by V.'S. White. eS No.” 2, ‘The! Nidulariaceae of North Anherica, ae V.'S, White. an No. 27. j ‘Some Mt. Desert Fungi, by V. Su White. Nos. 29, 32; 35, 38 41).49).52; 56; 60, 65, 69, 70 and 74. The Polyporaceae if North America, I-X11I, by W: A. Murrill. Peay 90, Studies in North ‘Amierican Ferondsporales—T. The Genus baee a by Guy West Wilson, Ae aaemall : No, 95. 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