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PN us pies we) i wie yet te Asnayeleee jt it Bat HRA ERs) aii pine eee rt i WAN it We Hy FY abhaqg sive ge ty ae ees sa) SUAVE Aanee ! | : aidan Ath faye ROTH Woydn yy std yin ahs ‘ ae ay Viel 4 He ri HS ce gata sea se ih eh ay Ht ay ous te Hens ree i AN See Oe UeT Es bt Mh ieen y sy ouabain 8 Nee j * iM jEreniatyin tig 4 a oSlai tH i Uepe yet mets Py ‘ oH Svat: Aparna senna fa Ma Hd iH eae ae rH eae, uy et Oli thy wishes 8 Apigh 4. seniny Sisiah ret ‘i He Hite (6 Fi ul pith Mais hip ie i TE) Hb yay ley Had be aut hed aati a aes AreRTH 4 tas Sista i Il] Cellet ne bas qli ei Ten a Pu aha HH i hy i i il ety sD R20 tH 4 ivy at SOMA Wistea nl tt BY Aue as Aone! rt i i int Hi eis ed eit (rae 1 3: ss aaa fai ay rH) delavels il jh ia “h Fe ce An fo@lag pode aH doveytiee i H ifs i hi aust i Mi nei ee aa ey USA eS Way Wie Diet if a tie iu A Mieke ead Hh creat ie ei) ah i} h 4 yn hy Uetini™ Hat oe shad valeagils : te Hele tks bt hs ain tat HH) ra Wy ok pean ut} mie ahh Bigg sion, ee ay ae yt i Poe: y } f x 4 iF 5 sce { f \ | aa MYCOLOGIA VOLUME XIII, 1921 PUBLISHED BY THE AID OF THE Davip LypIGc FUND BEQUEATHED BY CHARLES P. DALY MYCOLOGIA IN CONTINUATION OF THE JOURNAL OF MYCOLOGY Founded by W. A. Kellerman, J. B. Ellis,and B. M. Everhart in 1885 EDITOR WILLIAM ALPHONSO MURRILL Volume XIII, 1921 WITH 15 PLATES AND 21 FIGURES ASSOCIATE EDITORS JOSEPH C. ARTHUR FRANKLIN S. EARLE LARS ROMELL HOWARD J. BANKER BRUCE FINK FRED J. SEAVER GIACOMO BRESADOLA ROBERT A. HARPER CORNELIUS L. SHEAR FREDERICE. CLEMENTS THOMAS H. MACBRIDE TYOZABURO TANAKA JOHN DEARNESS NARCISSE PATOUILLARD PUBLISHED BIMONTHLY FOR THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN : By THE NEW ERA PRINTING COMPANY LANCASTER, PA. Se PRESS OF THE news rit BEGINING: COMEANY NCASTER, nis os 311954 } \o Upp ar. : 356202 PA BEE OPM CONTIN ES ‘No. 1. JANUARY : PAGE Smuaies ob lant Cancers—Il) by MICHAEL LEVINE... +. ...6 cece ccccev esas I INmietcen=\ cars’ of ‘Culture: Work, by J.C. ARTHUR... 2... 0c cee eo ele i2 SomemNewo tampshire Fungi, by L. O. OvERHOLTS. 6.6.0.5... cc% owe cc aes 24 imewmeumer of the- Wilkes Expedition, by W. W. DIBHL. 3.5... .000...005 38 Clitocybe sudorifica as a Poisonous Mushroom, by J. W. Roperts....... 42 Observations on the Infection of Crataegus by Gymnosporangium, by TT EN, AAT! RO SIR i aa ahr ee Se Pe 45 iheeltannt Wisease Survey, by W. A. MURRILL.. 2.0.06 .ca ccc e cece cc ecns 50 Gite cmraimGa ier UT ELCLESY. «cco 5 cls 0 ors e 3% se ers acien oo dele hv welnele Biebew eae od 54 tiidexpromanmieticam Wycological Literature... 2. 0. 2..cap ne eee eee eee 62 No. 2. Marcu Photographs and Descriptions of Cup-Fungi—IX. American Species of MBI colt pyU EE SEAVER GC. 5S 2 abaya vis vee, dc Ais Stone e Meld a dcye ag eay cee as 67 iMaccmsporarcicadina. Peck, by A. T..SPRARE.. . 5c. lic cic cee ee sie cwavedes 72 Light-colored Resupinate Polypores—III, by W. A. MurRRILL............ 83 SMies aniGnkusts of Utah—IV, by A. O. GARRETT... 2. oc es cae eens eles 101 The Behavior of Telia of Puccinia graminis in the South, by H. R. Rosen. 111 EN re smrain CME TMCnet N PEICLES' Vivel sul «ait ons, 0 a laheidiote ed sieleielere waives othe s sg ouels es II4 index to, American Mycological’ Literature: . «. 8). .s eee wee cee ets ceece 126 Nor 3.7, MaAy Sonte New Species of Russula, by -G. S. BURLINGHAM.......:...%.s5000% 129 The Life Historv and Identity of “ Patellina Fragariae,”’ “ Leptothyrium macrothecium,” and “ Peziza Oenotherae,” by C. L. SHEAR and B. O. I Ch eA renerip toe erent caste a, iy Ra aeeenannune sa GAN sles Late cates setae Sis aah obits 135 Light-colored Resupinate Polypores—IV, by W. A. MuRRILL............. 171 Smuts and Rusts of Northern Utah and Southern Idaho, by G. L. ZUNDEL. 179 iNew or Noteworthy Geoglossaceaé, by E. J DuRAnD.......0....... 184 Notes and Brief Articles..... NN i seta Mss ed oan coma ake Pe Ries SON Re) Sp, 188 htimexetoenmierican Mycological Literature... occ. w see be ces eee oes ces 195 Nos. 4-5. JuLY—-SEPTEMBER Massachusetts Species of Helvella, by P. J. ANDERSON and M. G. IcxkIs.. 201 Memoranda and Index of Cultures of Uredineae, 1899-1917, by J. C. Patera EIN AR EMME ORG aA et fe he ee Uh NC ORURS nt arr etcrele ulals Uggla yer sla Se ulate Su ale BX os 230 GneCMNAGME ge, PA TEICLES 0. o aie eueleits. vals clave lots sa iels 6 walecig hie eon eb eine’ 263 iidex to vnrercan Mycological Literature. . oc... 566. eck en le cece ete 272 Vv vi TABLE OF CONTENTS No. 6. NovEMBER A Contribution to Our Knowledge of the Pyrenomycetes of Porto mere by C. E. CHARDON. 0.0.6 060. alli eee ein) aves ete nena ae 279 California Hypogaeous Fungi—Tuberaceae, by H. B) PARKS) ooeee eee 301 The Heteroecism of Puccinia montanensis, P. Koeleriae, and P. apocrypta, by E. B: MAINS 2. 0. 6. es ek ae ee sek ee © ce ie) er 315 New Japanese Fungi. Notes and Translations—X, by T. TANAKA....... 323 Some of the Ways of the Slime Mould, by T. H. MAcsBriDE.............. 329 Notes and Brief Articles... oo ..:c0s. . cine oe vn Seo lels et ae 335 Index. to American Mycological Literature?.... i.e. ee eee 351 Index.to Volume XIII... .....c5.e see ihe wb Sine ee 356 MYCOLOGIA Wor Ott: JANUARY, 1921 fa INOm: STUDIES ON PLANT CANCERS—II THE BEHAVIOR OF CROWN GALL ON THE (Wi1TH PLATES I AND 2) f MiIcHAEL LEVINE Toumey (1900) in studying the effects of crown gall on the™™ host pointed out the destructiveness of this disease on deciduous trees. He gave an adequate picture of the developmental stages in the growth of the crown gall tissue on the almond. He con- tends that the period of growth of the crown gall is definite and usually extends over the growing season; after which time the gall dies, falls out, leaving an open wound. In the following spring a new crown gall is formed on the margin of the old wound which in turn dies and increases the area of the lesion, so that it weakens the tree and causes it to break off in a wind, thus killing it. It appears from Toumey’s study that death is the result of a mechanical effect of the crown gall on the tissue of the host in no way similar to the toxic effects that the can- cerous growth has on the animal or human being. Hedgcock (1910') in his field studies of the effect of crown gall on grape showed that the crown gall stunts the plant and that when the galls occur on the stem under the ground they com- monly decay, killing the adjacent tissue and often killing the vine above the point of attack. Whether the decay is directly brought 1 From the Cancer Research Laboratory, Montefiore Hospital, Dr. Isaac Levin, Chief. The first paper was published in Bull. Torrey Club 46: 447-452. Pisa tm, Ls. 1919. [Mycotocia for November (12: 299-360) was issued December 27, 1920] if te a? MyYcoLoGia about by Bacterium tumefaciens Hedgcock does not state. e claims however with Toumey that the galls die annually. Ina later study (19107) of crown gall on the apple he maintains that the destructive effect of this disease is overrated. Smith (1911-12) in his extensive studies on crown gall and its resemblance to animal cancer shows that the physiological effects of these tumors vary from species to species and also within the species and are generally less pronounced and speedy than one might expect. He holds that it is difficult to show conclusively that the substances produced in the tumor by the parasite are absorbed and act as slow poisons. This is especially difficult in view of the fact that the galls are often soaked by rains and be- come infected with other parasitic and saprophytic organisms. Levin and Levine (1918-20) in a report on the malignancy of the crown gall and its analogy to human cancer pointed out that a number of the phenomena in both diseases are analogous. They contend that the neoplasms in plants produced by Bacterium tume- faciens are’sometimes benign though some are true malignant growths. The latter generally dwarf the plant so affected and cause necrosis of the tissue above and below the gall. These studies and those of Smith’s and other workers were carried out in annuals, biennials or deciduous trees in which the period of growth of the host as well as the crown gall is normally interrupted. The difficulty in determining whether toxins are present in such cases is made more difficult by the intervention of natural death, caused by changes in temperature and its con- comitant factors, and second, by the occurrence of infections caused by fungi and even insect grubs, the eggs of which are deposited in the soft tissue of the young crown gall. The purpose of this report is to bring forward further evi- dence on the malignancy of the crown gall experimentally in- duced on mature evergreen perennials such as the common rubber tree, Ficus elastica. In such plants where the growth is rather active all the year round, when kept under uniform, green house conditions, the effect of the crown gall organism and the neo- plastic growth on the host can be kept under observation for an extended period. Drenching rains and destructive insects are LEVINE: STUDIES ON PLANT CANCERS > avoided and very often other parasitic and saprophytic fungi. In this way and in such plants as Ficus elastica it is possible to show definitely whether and in what degree the crown gall has an injurious effect upon the adjacent normal tissue of the host. It must be remembered however that while transportation of the materials elaborated by the cancer cells of the animal is in some degree limited, this is much more the case in plants. I have found some evidence of injurious effects spreading from a gall upwards and finally killing the stem above the point of in- oculation. This was the result in every case (10 branches) with two exceptions. In the first the signs of death are only now, 14 months after inoculation were made, making their appearance. In the other case described below, the stem, it appears, was cut off for examination too soon. In no case was there any evidence that the death of the stem above the gall was due to the obstruction of the sap flow or water supply. Toumey’s results do not suggest the possibility of any such direct mechanical disturbance on the part of the gall. I will describe briefly a number of cases observed. Material and Observations ——TVhrough the courtesy of Dr. S. Wachsmann, director of the Montefiore Hospital, a number of rubber trees (Ficus elastica) were placed at my disposal. These plants were growing in large boxes and were kept indoors during the winter months in a basement room well lighted and ventilated. In the summer these plants were moved out on the campus of the hospital. These plants make almost as much growth during the winter as they do during the summer. Various parts of these plants were inoculated with Bacterium tumefaciens, labeled and then examined from time to time. It was found that within a month indications of a crown gall made their appearance in the part of the plant inoculated. Figure 1 represents one of the trees during the month of Janu- ary used in this study. The terminal buds are opening and the moderately green glistening apical leaves show evidence of an active condition of growth. The plant shown in figure I with five others of equal size were inoculated on July 28, 1919, by pricking the tissue with a steel needle that had been previously 4. MycoLociIa dipped into a culture of Bacterium tumefaciens. As few as five pricks of the needles with the crown gall organism were found to be sufficient to produce a visible neoplasm in a month’s time. A careful scrutiny of this picture reveals a number of galls at the internodes of several branches (Fig. 1, a, b) on the mid-vein of an old leaf (Fig. 1, c) and on one of the main branches (Fig. I, d). Where the needle perforated the tissue a crown gall was formed on both sides of the stem or the leaf. No less active were the growths that were produced on the trunk of the tree (Fig. 1, d). The galls formed are of the characteristic type de- scribed by Toumey, Smith and others. They are always firm, yellowish in color and covered with brownish patches when young and become dark brown in color and of a woody con- sistency with age, as we shall see below. . The crown gall, at this stage, as far as can be seen, has no specially injurious effect upon the host. The terminal buds of the plant are actively growing and there appears to be no signs of dwarfing of the branches, nor any indication of fascination of the internodes above the region of inoculation such as those reported by Smith, and Levin and Levine for Geranium, Ricinus, etc. Figure 2 represents a branch from another rubber tree which had been inoculated seven months previously on the second inter- node. The crown gall has grown extensively, covering one half of the circumference of the stem. The surface is dark brown in color, highly convoluted, indicating a number of centers of pe- ripheral growth. The mass is hard and some parts of the surface appear to be dead. The branch however has grown considerably as shown by the number of internodes above the crown gall. (See Figs..2 and 3.) In June, 1919;- it was moted that the terminal bud was small and dark green in color, and showed no signs of growth. This was true of a number of other branches which had been inoculated for the same length of time. The control branches that were similarly treated with a sterile needle had long greenish buds, many of which were opening. This condi- tion suggested at once the possibility of mechanical interference of the crown gall with the water supply of the plant due to partial destruction and possible occlusion of the fibrovascular bundles, | LEVINE: STUDIES ON PLANT CANCERS 5 but cross and longitudinal sections of this gall made much later showed this assumption to be incorrect as is further described below. It is obvious at once however that there is some other cause of death than the cutting of the water supply, since in that _ case, the dying would progress from the tip downward. Twelve months after inoculation. Figure 3 represents the same branch shown in figure 2 on December, 1919, approximately 12 months after the inoculation had been made. The crown gall has almost girdled the stem encircling 7% of the stem’s circumfer- ence. The leaves above the crown gall have turned black and fallen off while those below are turning a yellowish brown. The major portion of the stem above the gall is dead, the injury pro- -gressing from the gall upward so that at the time the photograph was made the top of the stem (Fig. 3) was still green and showed indications of being alive. A cross section through the middle of this crown gall appears in figure 4 and shows that the crown gall tissue has become fully differentiated and thus further supports the contention of Toumey and Hedgcock that the crown gall growths are annual and Levin and Levine’s views that these growths are unlike animal cancers in that they are limited in growth and become differentiated. The wood fibers and par- enchymatous cells of which the crown gall is composed are dark ‘brown on the interior of the gall as they are on the surface. The vascular elements are distorted and nodular on the periphery of the tumor where their antecedents were undoubtedly centers of rapid cell division before they became differentiated and old. Approximately one half of the original cylinder made by the fibrovascular bundles is destroyed and replaced by crown gall tissue. The tissue in the center of the crown gall is dark in color, watery and is apparently disintegrating. The remaining half of the wood cylinder appears to be undistributed and un- doubtedly is mechanically fit to carry sap, as evidenced by the still turgid condition of the top of the branch as shown in figure 5. This figure represents a longitudinal section of the upper part of the stem including the upper part of the crown gall. There appears to be only a partial destruction of the wood fibers in the region of the stem occupied by the lesion as seen in the 6 MycoLoGIA cross section to the left of the figure. The wood and pith are apparently normal structurally though physiologically dead. A later state in the necrosis following the inoculation of Bac- terium tumefaciens is shown in figure 6 photographed eleven months afterward. Here again the inoculation was made at one side of the stem in the third internode with a needle dipped into an emulsion of the crown gall organism. In this late stage the growth does not completely girdle the stem, yet two months previ- ously the leaves felt off and the stem became discolored and finally died. The crown gall and the stem above the gall also died. A short portion of the stem immediately below the gall at the time of the photograph was rapidly undergoing similar changes. The » gall in this case again shows all the characteristics of the typical crown galls referred to above. The outer surface is dry and woody and is markedly nodular. In a longitudinal section of this gall we find the region near the stem slightly moist, darker in appearance and invading the wood cylinder (Fig. 7). OvVERHOLTS: SOME NEw HAMPSHIRE FUNGI 27 ASCOMYCETES I. ORDER PERISPORIALES 5. Microsphaera grossulariae (Wal.) Lév. On leaves of Ribes prostratum. White Horse Ledge (North Conway), No. 5220; Jackson, No. 5221. 2. ORDER HyYPOCREALES 6. Cordyceps muilitaris (L.) Link. On larva. Crawford Notch, No. 4983. Distribution recorded by Seaverl as ‘‘ Massachusetts to North Dakota and Virginia.” 1 North American Flora 3: 49. 1910. 7. Hypomyces hyalinus (Schw.) Tul. On Amanita rubescens. Willey Sta- tion, No. 4969; North Conway, No. 5139. 8. Hypomyces lactifluorum (Schw.) Tul. On Lactarius. North Conway, No. 4754; Intervale, No. 5142. 9. Nectria cinnabarina (Tode) Fr. On dead Acer saccharum. North Con- way, No. 4612; on dead stems of Ribes prostratum, No. 4862: 10. Nectria cucurbitula Sace. On bark of fallen Abies balsamea. Crawford Notch, No. 4946. Determined by Dr. F. J. Seaver. 11. Scoleconectria scolecospora (Bref.) Seaver. On dead branches of Pinus strobus. Lisbon, No. 4700. Distribution recorded by Seaver? as “ New 2 Loc. cit. Jersey to Maryland and California.” This is the fungus most often associated with the white pine blister-rust in that region. 3. ORDER SPHAERIALES 12. Hypoxylon coccineum Bull. On bark of Fagus. Crawford Notch, No. 4552. Collected by H. H. York and L. E. Newman. 13. Hypoxylon cohaerens (Pers.) Fr. On dead Fagus. North Conway, No. 5066. 4. ORDER PHACIDIALES 14. Coccophacidium pini (A. & S.) Karst. On dead limbs of Pinus strobus. North Conway, No. 5044. 5. ORDER PEZIZALES 15. Dasyscypha agassizi (B. & C.) Sace. On fallen Abies balsamea. Craw- ford Notch, No. 4841; base of Mt. Washington, No. 4861. Determined by Dr. F. J. Seaver. Not an uncommon plant and usually making a profuse growth on the dead bark. 16. Dermatea prunastri (Pers.) Fr. On dead Prunus sp. North Conway, No. 5064. Collected by A. S. Rhoads. 17. Humaria aggregata (B. & Br.) Cooke. On the ground among pine needles. North Conway, No. 5063. Determined by Dr. F. J. Seaver who writes in part as follows: “‘I have seen only one other specimen of this species and that a very small one from Indiana.” . 18. Tympanis pinastri Tul. On fallen trunk of Abies balsamea. Crawford Notch Bridle Path to Mt. Washington, No. 5037. The determination - was made by Dr. Seaver. 28 IQ. 20. 2I. 22. 2a" 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. MycoLoGIAa 6. ORDER HELVELLALES Helvella infula Schaeff. On the ground in moist coniferous woods. North Conway, No. 4932. Determined by Dr. Seaver. The specimens have much the appearance of a small Gyromitra. Leotia lubrica (Scop.) Pers. In moist humus. North Conway, No. 5080. Rather common. Microglossum rufum (Schw.) Underw. On rotten mossy logs. North Conway, No. 5120. Spathularia velutipes Cooke & Farlow. On the ground in woods. Willey Station, No. 5083. Vibrissea truncorum A. & S. On submerged wood in cold mountain stream. Tuckerman Ravine, No. 4979. BASIDIOMYCETES HEMI-BASIDIOMYCETES ee ORDER USTILAGINALES : Urocystis agrogyri (Preuss.) Schrot. On an undetermined grass. Kear- sarge, No. 4870. 2. ORDER UREDINALES Coleosporium solidaginis (Schw.) Thiim. Aecia on needles of Pinus resinosa. North Conway, Nos. 4901, 4927. First observed June 12, and last collected Aug. 1. Uredinia and telia on species of Aster, Soli- dago and Euthamia, North Conway and Crawford Notch, Nos. 5694 and 5693, respectively. Cronartium comptoniae Arth. On Comptonia asplenifolia. North Con- way, No. 4616; on Pinus rigida, North Conway, No. 5126. Cronartium ribicola Fischer. Collections are preserved as follows: On Ribes aureum, North Conway and Bath, Nos. 4911 and 4596 respec- tively, the latter collection by H. H. York; on R. cynosbati, Lisbon, Bartlett and Jackson, Nos. 4587, 5222 and 4617 respectively; on R. lacustre, Crawford Notch, Nos. 4588 and 4594; on FR. nigrum, Bethle- hem and North Conway, Nos. 4619 and 4598 respectively; on R. oxya- canthoides, Crawford Notch, No. 4590; on R. prostratum, North Con- way and slope of Moat Mt. at about 2600 ft. elevation, Nos. 4602 and 4640 respectively, the latter collection by P. R. Gast; on R. triste, Crawford Notch, Nos. 4589 and 4600; on R. vulgare, North Conway, No. 4601; also observed, but no collections preserved, on R, grossu- laria, at North Conway. The aecial stage on white pine is widely dis- tributed through this part of the state. Numerous collections were made in the region of North Conway, South Conway, Intervale, and Lisbon. Gymnosporangium clavariaeforme (Jacq.) DC. On Juniperus communis var. depressa. North Conway, No. 5001. Gymnosporangium cornutum (Pers.) Arth. On leaves of Sorbus (ameri- cana?). Intervale, No. 5689. Determined by F. D. Kern. ! Kuhneola uredinis (Link) Arth. On leaves of Rubus villosus. Tucker- man Ravine, No. 4889. 43. 44. 45- 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. OvERHOLTS: SOME NEw HAMPSHIRE FUNGI 29 . Melampsora medusae Thiim. On leaves of Populus tremuloides. North Conway, No. 4657. Collected by A. S. Rhoads. . Melampsorella elatina (A. & S.) Arth. On Abies balsamea, forming witches brooms. North Conway, No. 4890. . Melampsoridium betulae (Schum.) Arth. On Betula populifolia. North Conway, No. 4670. Collected by A. S. Rhoads. . Puccinia clematidis (DC.) Lagerh. Aecia on leaves of Clematis sp. Craw- ford Notch, No. 4909. . Puccinia fraseri Arth. On leaves of Hieracium sp. North Conway, No. 5692. Determined by Prof. C. R. Orton. . Puccinia graminis Pers. Pycnia and aecia on leaves of Berberis vulgarts. Intervale, No. 4649. . Puccinia grossulariae (Schum.) Lagerh. Aecia on Ribes prostratum and R. cynosbati; at Crawford Notch and Jackson respectively; Nos. 4585 and 4614 respectively. . Puccinia obscura Schroet. On leaves of Luzula. Jackson, No. 5687. Col- lected by H. H. York. Determined by C. R. Orton. . Puccinia pedatata (Schw.) Arth. Aecia on leaves of Viola saggitata?. North Conway, No. 4908. . Puccinia physostegiae (Peck) Kuntze. Aecia on leaves of Physostegia virgimiana. North Conway, No. 4913. . Puccinia taraxaci Plowr. On leaves of Taraxacum officinale. No. 5688. Collected by H. H. York. . Uredinopsis mirabilis (Peck) Magnus. On leaves of Abies balsamea. Franconia, No. 4980; on leaves of Dryopteris, Franconia, No. 5288. Uromyces caladit (Schw.) Farlow. Aecia on Arisaema triphyllum. North Conway, No. 4910. Uromyces houstoniata (Schroet.) Sheldon. Aecia on Houstonia coerulea. North Conway, No. 4616. Eu-BASIDIOMYCETES 1. Family Tremellaceae Exidia glandulosa (Bull.) Fr. On dead Fagus. North Conway, No. 5116. Sebacina calcea (Pers.) Bres. On fallen Pinus rigida. Intervale, No. 5108. The fungus was determined by Dr. E. A. Burt. Tremellodon gelatinosum (Scop.) Fr. On rotten hemlock stump. North Conway (Hales Location), No. 5158. 2. Family Dacryomycetaceae Calocera cornea Fr. On log of Acer. Crawford Notch, No. 4746. Dacryomyces hyalinus Quel. On hemlock(?) log. Intervale, No. 5147. Determined by Mr. C. G. Lloyd. 3. Family Thelephoraceae Aleurodiscus acerinus (Pers.) v. Hohn. & Litsch. On bark of living Fraxinus americanus. North Conway, No. 5104. 33- 54. 55- 56s 57. MyYcoLoGIA . Aleurodiscus amorphus (Pers.) Rab. On dead limbs of Abies balsamea. Crawford Notch Bridle Path to Mt. Washington, No. 4840. . Corticium albulum Atk. & Burt. On dead Prunus. North Conway, No. EET. fies veo Corticium galactinum (Fr.) Burt. All collections at North Conway. On coniferous logs, No. 4555; on hemlock log, No. 5131; on log of Acer, No. 4584; on log of Betula populifolia, No. 4945. No. 4555 and 4584 were determined by Dr. E. A. Burt. Corticium laetum Karst. On dead Alnus. Crawford Notch (Mt. Web- ster), No. 5079. . Corticium subgiganteum Berk. On dead Acer branches. North Conway (Hales Location), No. 5062. Determined by Dr. E. A. Burt. Cyphella fasciculata (Schw.) B. & C. On dead Alnus. North Conway, No. 5052. Hymenochaete abnormis Peck. On the exposoed heart-wood on the end of a log of Picea rubens. Crawford Notch, No. 4948. The determina- tion was made by Dr. E. A. Burt, who, however, prefers to class the fungus in the genus Stereum rather than in Hymenochaete. It has con- siderable resemblance to H. rubiginosum (Dicks.) Lév. Spores cylin- dric when mature, hyaline, 7-12 X 3-4, sometimes somewhat shorter when on basidia. . Hymenochaete corrugata (Fr.) Lév. On dead wood, probably of Acer. North Conway, No. 5053. . Hymenochaete tabacina (Sow.) Lévy. All collections in the vicinity of North Conway. On wood of Acer, Nos. 4734 and 4551; on wood of Acer rubrum, No. 5036; on fallen hemlock, No. 5112. A coniferous host for this species is not often found. . Peniophora affinis Burt. On dead Alnus incana. North Conway, No. 5106. . Peniophora allescheri Bres. On dead Populus. North Conway, No. 4564. . Peniophora carnosa Burt. On rotten Acer log. North Conway, No. 4732; on fallen Pinus rigida, Intervale, No. 5039. . Peniophora cinerea (Fr.) Cooke. On dead Ulmus americana. No. 4858. . Stereum ambiguum Peck. On coniferous fence timber. North Conway, No. 4553. . Stereum hirsutum Fr. On dead Alnus. North Conway, No. 5009. . Stereum lilacino-fuscum (B. & C.) Burt. On dead Acer twigs. Nos. 5032, 5 1hOm. . Stereum rameale Schw. On fallen Acer rubrum. North Conway, No. 4956; on Fagus americana, No. 5020. . Stereum rufum Pers. On dead Populus twigs. North Conway, No. 4931. . Stereum sanguinolentum A. & S. On fallen Abies balsamea. Tuckerman Ravine, No. 4949; on Tsuga canadensis, North Conway, No. 4963. . Stereum sulcatum Burt. On log of Tsuga canadensis. North Conway, No. 5033. Determined by Dr. E. A. Burt. . Stereum tuberculosum Fr. On fallen Acer saccharum. Crawford Notch, No. 4582; on coniferous log, North Conway, No. 5074; on dead Betula, North Conway, No. 5110. - WB, 73- 74. 75. ZO. NI NI 82. 83. 84. 85. OVERHOLTS: SOME NEw HAMPSHIRE FUNGI 31 Thelephora palmata Fr. On the ground in woods. North Conway, No. 4978. With a decidedly foetid odor in fresh plants. Thelephora terrestris (Ehrh.) Fr. On the ground and growing over mosses, twigs, etc. North Conway, No. 4873; on rotten stump of Pinus resinosa, No. 4958. Both collections were made by Dr. H. H. York. Tulasnella fusco-violacea Bres. On bark of Abies balsamea. Crawford Notch, No. 4883. Determined by Dr. E. A. Burt. There occurs rather abundantly in this region a peculiar fungus growing exclusively on the bark of living trees of Pinus strobus, in which it forms orbicular patches I tO 2.5 cm. broad. It is entirely resupinate, or at least practically so, and of a light brown color. The surface is rough with a matter, stri- gose pubescence. No hymenium can be found. In general appearance the fungus has the appearance that one would expect of a resupinate species of Stereum. However, Dr. Burt suggests that it may be a spe- cies of Septobasidium. Mycologists who have opportunity to collect in this region through a longer period of time than have I can render a distinct, service by observing and collecting this peculiar fungus in the endeavor to obtain it in fruiting conditions. It can be found on the uninjured bark of trees 20 to 50 years old, and only where they grow in dense stands. 4. Family Clavariaceae Clavaria fusiformis Sow. Among moss in forest trail. North Conway, iINioz*5060:,..Gollected by Dr. H: H. York. Clavaria krombholtzii Fr. On the ground in woods. North Conway, No. B72. 5. Family Hydnaceae . Asterodon setigera Peck. On rotten hemlock log. North Conway, No. 53959. . Hydnum coralloides (Scop.) Fr. On end of oak log. North Conway, No. 5148. . Hydnum ochraceum Pers. On log of Acer. North Conway, No. 4736. . Phlebia strigoso-zonata Schw. On dead Populus. North Conway, No. 5133. . Radulum casearium Morgan. On log of Populus. North Conway, Nos. 4637, 5132. 6. Family Agaricaceae Amanita flavoconia Atk. In rich humus in woods. North Conway, Nos. 4569, 4729 and 4738. Amanita morrisii Peck. On the ground in damp woods. North Conway, INon-4737. Amanita muscaria (L.) Fr. On the ground under aspens. Willey Sta- tion, No. 4663. Amanita rubescens Fr. On the ground in moist wodds.- North Conway, No. 4735. o2 86. 102. MyYcoLoGIA Armillaria mellea Vahl. On roots of a dead Prunus serotinus. North Conway, No. 5095. . Cantharellus cibarius Fr. On the ground in woods. North Conway, No. 4748. . Cantharellus floccosus Schw. On the ground in woods. North Conway, Nos. 5065 and 5135. . Cantharellus umbonatus Fr. Among Polytrichum moss’ under pines. North Conway, Nos. 4749 and 4977. . Clitocybe clavipes Pers. On the ground under pines. North Conway, No. 4930. . Clitocybe infundibuliformis Bull. Among Polytrichum moss under alders. No. 4658. . Chitocybe virens (Scop.) Fr. On the ground under aspens. Willey Sta- tion, No. 4751. . Collybia acervata Fr. On rotten wood. Crawford Notch (Mt. Webster), No. 4965. . Collybia dryophila (Bull.) Fr.’ On the ground under pines. North Con- way, No. 4866. . Collybia platyphylla Fr. Around an old stump. North Conway, No. 4756. . Hypholoma incertum Peck.. On a lawn. North Conway, No. 4856. Col- lected by Dr. H. H. York. . Lactarius deceptivus Peck. On the ground in woods. North Conway, Nos. 4825 and 4851. The latter ccllection by: Dr. A. S. Rhoads. . Lactarius hygrophoroides Peck. On the ground in woods. North Con- way, No. 4757. . Lentinus lepideus Fr. On railway ties, North Conway, No. 4554; on pine stump, North Conway, No. 5105. A very common species. . Lentinus ursinus Fr. On rotten log. North Conway, No. 4871. . Lepiota granulosa (Batsch) Fr. On the ground under aspens. Willey Station, No. 4758. : Lepiota procera (Scop.) Fr. On the ground in woods. North Conway, No. 4872. . Marasmius androsaceus (L.) Fr. On needles, twigs, etc., on the ground. North Conway, No. 5134. . Marasmius archyropus Fr. On the ground in woods. Crawford Notch, No. 5090. . Marasmius multifolius Peck. On the ground under aspens. Willey Sta- tion, No. 5087: . Marasmius oreades (L.) Fr. By grassy roadside. North Conway, No. 5081. . Marasmius rotula (Scop.) Fr. On beech log. Crawford Notch, No. 5141. . Marasmius subnudus (Ellis) Peck. On the ground and on wood. North Conway, No. 5159. . Mycena leaiana Berk. On log of Fagus. North Conway, No. 4563. . Panaeolus solidipes Peck. On manure heap. North Conway, No. 4761. . Panus rudis Fr. On log of Fagus. North Conway, No. 5127. . Paxillus atrotomentosus (Batsch) Fr. On the ground by a pine stump. North Conway, Nos. 4750 and 4753. 113. 114. 115. 116. Tet We homes 119. 120. E20; 122. 123), 124. E25. 135. OVERHOLTS: SOME NEw HAMPSHIRE FUNGI oo Paxillus involutus Fr. On the ground in woods. North Conway, No. 4752. Pholiota marginella Peck. On rotten mossy log. North Conway, No. 4762. Pholiota mycenoides Fr. In wet, marshy ground among scattered Sphag- num. North Conway, No. 4943. Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) Fr. On fallen beech, Crawford Notch, No. 4855; on dead wood, Intervale, No. 5000. Pluteus cervinus (Schaeff.) Fr. In old roadway. North Conway, No. 5153. Pluteus leoninus (Schaeff.) Fr. On a rotten log. North Conway, No. 4929. Russula flavida Frost. On the ground in woods. Intervale, No. 4667. Russula mariae Peck. On the ground in a woods road. No. 5150. Tricholoma laterarium Fr. On leaf mold in forest. North Conway, No. 5050. Trogia crispa Fr. On dead Betula populifolia. North Conway, No. 4982; collected by Dr. A. S. Rhoads; on dead beech limbs, Willey Station, No. 5051. 7, Family Boletaceae Boletinus pictus Peck. On the ground in woods. North Conway, No. 5136. Boletus communis (Bull.) Fr. On the ground in woods. North Conway, No. 4972. Boletus cyanescens (Bull.) Fr. On the ground by roadside. Crawford Notch, No. 4744. . Boletus edulis (Bull.) Fr. On the ground in woods. North Conway, No. 4960. . Boletus’ felleus (Bull.) Fr. On the ground in woods. North Conway, No. 4755. . Boletus ferruginatus (Batsch) Fr. On the ground in woods. North Conway, No. 4826. . Boletus fumosipes Peck. On the ground in woods. Willey Station, No. 5160. . Boletus granulatus (Bull.) Fr. On the ground under trees. North Con- way, No. 5107. . Boletus scaber (Bull.) Fr. On the ground in woods. Intervale, No. 4976. . Boletus subaureus Peck. On the ground in woods, especially in trails and grassy places. North Conway, No. 4985. Common. . Boletus subglabripes Peck. On the ground in woods. North Conway, No. 4937. . Boletus subtomentosus (L.) Fr. On the ground under pines. North Conway, No. 5156. 8. Family Polyporaceae Daedalea unicolor (Bull.) Fr. On dead Acer and also on Fagus. North Conway, Nos. 4842 and 4859. , 140. 141. 154. MycoLoGIa . Favolus .canadensis Klotzsch. On beech limbs. North Conway, No. 4876. . Fomes applanatus (Pers.) Wallr. On Acer stump: North Conway, No. 4694. . Fomes connatus (Weinm.) Gill. On Acer saccharinum. North Conway, No. 4743; on Acer rubrum, No. 4986. . Fomes conchatus (Pers.) Fr. On dead Acer rubrum. North Conway, No. 4733; on dead Acer rubrum, Intervale, No. 4849; on living Fraxinus americana, North Conway, No. 4968. Fomes fomentarius (L.) Gill. On Betula lutea. North Conway, No. 4724; Intervale, No. 4725. Fomes igniarius Fr. On fallen Populus. North Conway, No. 4562; on fallen Populus deltoides, Crawford Notch, No. 4648; on Betula lutea, Jackson and Crawford Notch, Nos. 4727 and 4940; on Betula populi- folia, Crawford Notch, No. 4951; on Betula lutea, Tuckerman Ravine, No. 4966; on dead Betula alba, Willey Station, No. 508s. . Fomes pini (Brot.) Lloyd. On hemlock log. North Conway, No. 4846. . Fomes pinicola (Sw.) Cooke. On Betula lutea. North Conway, No. 4695; on Abies balsamea, North Conway, No. 4704, collected by Dr. H. H. York; on dead Prunus, Crawford Notch, No. 4947. . Fomes roseus (A. & S.) Cooke. On dead Tsuga canadensis. North Conway, No. 5004. . Fomes scutellatus Schw. On dead Alnus. North Conway, No. 5089. . Lenzites saepiaria Fr. On rotten coniferous log. North Conway, No. 4742. . Polyporus abietinus Fr. On Tsuga canadensis. North Conway, No. 5008; on fallen Abies balsamea, Crawford Notch, No. 5121. . Polyporus adustus (Willd.) Fr. On dead Populus. North Conway, No. 4739; on fallen beech log, Crawford Notch, No. 4868. . Polyporus anceps Peck. The following collections at North Conway: On dead limbs of Pinus resinosa, No. 4865; on trunk of dead Pinus resi- nosa, No. 4988; on dead standing hemlock, No. 5026, . Polyporus betulinus (Bull.) Fr. On Betuia alba. Crawford Notch, No. 48309. . Polyporus biformis Klotzsch. On beech log. North Conway, No. 4957. . Polyporus brumalis (Pers.) Fr. On dead deciduous wood. North Con- way, No. 5084. . Polyporus chioneus Fr. The following collections at North Conway: On dead Populus, No. 4926; on dead Prunus serotinus, No. 4941; on log of Betula, No. 5006. Polyporus cinnabarinus (Jacq.) Fr. On log of Acer. Crawford Notch, No. 4568; on fallen Acer saccharum, North Conway, No. 5145, collected by Dr. H. H. York and Mr. L. E. Newman. . Polyporus conchifer (Schw.) Fr. On dead elm branches. North Con- way, No. 4745. . Polyporus dichrous Fr. On dead Alnus. North Conway (Hales Loca- tion), No. 4987. . Polyporus elegans (Bull.) Fr. On dead wood. Crawford Notch, No. 5005. 163. 164. 166. 7A: 175. OvVERHOLTS: SOME NEw HAMPSHIRE FUNGI YD) . Polyporus epileucus Fr. ex Lloyd. On fallen Acer. Crawford Notch, No. 5002. . Polyporus guttulatus Peck. On fallen Abies balsamea. On Crawford Notch trail to Mt. Webster, No. 5152. . Polyporus hirsutus (Wulf.) Fr. On fallen beech. Crawford Notch, No. 4864; also on fallen Populus, No. 4898. . Polyporus montagnei Fr. On the ground, probably attached to buried wood. North Conway, No. 4999. ..Polyporus pargamenus Fr. On Acer rubrum. Intervale, No. 4650; on fallen Populus, Kearsarge Mt. and Crawford Notch, Nos. 4707 and 4884, respectively ; on dead Salix, North Conway, No. 4884, collected by Dr. A. S, Rhoads. : Polyporus perennis (L.) Fr. On ground under aspens and in forest trails. Willey Station, No. 5055. Of this species larger specimens were collected than had ever before been observed by the writer, some being as much as 11 cm. broad. It is the common, brown, centrally stipitate species of forest trails and roadsides in this .region. Polyporus picipes Fr. On rotten Abies balsamea. Crawford Notch, No. 4934; on log of Acer, No. 4952. A coniferous host for this species is extremely uncommon. . Polyporus pubescens (Schum.) Fr. On dead Acer saccharum. Crawford Notch, No. 5113. Observed but once. Polyporus radiatus (Sow.) Fr. On stump of Betula lutea. North Con- way, No. 5078; on dead Alnus, No. 5122. . Polyporus schweinitg1 Fr. On roots of pine stumps. North Conway, Nos. 4740 and 5155. . Polyporus semipileatus Peck. On dead beech limbs. North Conway, No. 4852. . Polyporus semisupinus B. & C. On dead Alnus. North Conway (Hales Location), No. 5093. Found but once. . Polyporus sulphureus (Bull.) Fr. On old hardwood log. North Con- way, No. 4722. Collected by Dr. H. H. York. . Polyporus tsugae Murrill. On dead hemlock. Intervale, No. 4613, by Mr. J. Corliss; North Conway, No. 4620. . Polyporus tulipiferus (Schw.) Overh. On dead Acer pennsylvanica. Crawford Notch, No. 4583; on dead Prunus serotinus and also on dead beech limbs, North Conway, Nos. 4967 and 5130 respectively. . Polyporus ursinus Lioyd. On log of Picea rubens. North Conway, No. 6076. This species was collected in August, 1920, by Mr. Walter H. Snell. It is a rare plant though rather widely distributed in the United States. Poria attenuata Peck. On dead hardwood. North Conway, No. 4566; on dead Acer limbs, No. 5171. Poria attenuata var. subincarnata Peck. On dead limbs of Tsuga cana- densis. North Conway, Nos. 5034 and 5099. This plant is not a va- riety of P. attenuata as has already been pointed out by the writer (Bull. N. Y. State Mus. 205-206; 73-74. 1919.) It is a distinct spe- cies but whether or not otherwise named I cannot say at present. 36 170; 177. 178. 179. 180. 181. 182. 183. 184. 185. 186. 187, 188. MycoLocIA Poria betulina Murrill. On fallen Betula populifolia. Crawford Notch, Nos. 4565 and 5013; on Betula alba, No. 5025. ‘This species has been extensively studied by the writer and will be considered more in detail in a paper soon to be published. It is common throughout the north- eastern states, but without knowing the host it is difficult to distinguish from resupinate forms of Fomes igniarius. The spores were originally described as “ovoid, smooth, fulvous, 4-5 m long.’ They are, how- ever, subglobose, smooth, hyaline, and measure 5-6 m in diameter. The species is consequently misplaced in Murrill’s genus Fomitiporella, in which the brown spores are made a generic character. Poria ferruginosa (Schrad.) Fr. On dead limbs of Acer. North Con- way, No. 4672; on fallen Prunus serotinus, Crawford Notch, No. 4971; on dead Fagus, Willey Station, No. 5096. Among other brown resupi- nate species this one is well characterized by the abundant setae, the distinctly oblong or oblong-ellipsoid hyaline spores measuring 4-5 xX 2-2.5 “¢, and by being confined to the wood of deciduous trees. Poria fimbriata Pers. On rotten wood. North Conway, No. 4607. The species is sometimes known as Porothelium fimbriatum. Poria medulla-panis Pers. On old limbs of deciduous trees. North Conway, No. 5035. Poria nigrescens Bres. On rotten Betula. North Conway, No. 4942. Poria prunicola Murrill. On dead Prunus. Crawford Notch, No. 4580. This is a rather common Poria on dead Prunus, especially at the higher elevations in the vicinity of Crawford Notch. Its affinities are with Poria betulina. Setae are rare, but usually present. Poria subacida Peck. On fallen Acer rubrum. Intervale, No. 4641; on fallen hemlock, North Conway, Nos. 4827 and 5046; on fallen Abies balsamea, Intervale, No. 4974; on dead Betula, North Conway, No. 5049; on log of Pinus Strobus, North Conway, No. 5097. A common and variable species. ; Poria tsugina Murrill. On log of Tsuga canadensis. North Conway and Lisbon, Nos. 4962 and 5091 respectively. Trametes carnea Nees. On log of Picea mariana and on pine log. North Conway, Nos. 4731 and 4933 respectively. ; Trametes heteromorpha Fr. On fallen Abies balsamea. Crawford Notch, No. 5045. This species has only recently been recognized in this coun- try (see Overholts, Polyporaceae of the Middle-Western United States, p. 74. 1915). Its occurrence in such widely separated localities as Idaho and New Hampshire argues for a wide distribution. Trametes malicola B. & C.? On rotten log of hemlock or red spruce. North Conway, No. 5100. The specimens may. belong rather under Fomes annosus. More recent studies indicate that the real affinities of this species are with Fomes annosus under which it is now included as a weathered form. Trametes mollis Sommerf. On fallen Acer. Crawford Notch, No. 4608, collected by Dr. H. H. York and Mr. L. E. Newman; on fallen Fagus and Acer, Crawford Notch, No. 5129. Trametes peckiti Kalchbr. On log of Populus grandidentata Dundee, No. 5047. 189. 190. TOT. 192 193 194 195 OVERHOLTS: SOME NEw HAMPSHIRE FUNGI 3. Trametes sepium B. & C. On oak fence posts. North Conway, No. 5123. Trametes serialis Fr. On coniferous wood. North Conway, No. 4854; on fallen Abies balsamea, Crawford Notch, No. 4925; on hemlock log, Lisbon, No. 5073. Trametes variuformis Peck. On hemlock logs. North Conway, Nos. 4571 and 4605; on fallen Picea rubens, North Conway, No. 5076. ADDENDA Puccinia gnaphaliata (Schw.) Arth. & Bisby. Aecia on Gnaphalium sp. North Conway, No. 5225. Collected by H. H. York. Determined by C. R. Orton, who includes the species in the genus ‘Allodus as recently monographed by him. P. investita Schw. is given as a synonym. Pucciniastrum potentillae Kom. Uredinia on leaves of Potentilla triden- tata. Tuckerman Ravine, Mt. Washington, No. 5226. Determined by C. R. Orton. This species is not included in the treatment of the genus Pucciniastrum as given in the North American Flora. Dr. J. J. Davis records it from Wisconsin on the same host. Septoria humuli Westend. On leaves of Humulus. Intervale, No. 5219. The spore measurements, 20-30 X Im, agree better with this species than with S. /upulina Ellis & Kell. Septoria ribis Desm. On leaves of seedling Ribes prostratum. North Conway, No. 5227. Spores ilnear, elongate, curved or straight, 40-60 Kite... No septations are visible in the spores but the fruiting body is surely a pycnidium rather than an acervulus. STATE COLLEGE, PENNSYLVANIA. THE FUNGI OF THE WILKES EXPEDITION WILLIAM W. DIEHL The U. S. Exploring Expedition under the command of. Charles Wilkes, 1838-42, in connection with other work of a scientific character made collections of plants which have been a notable contribution to a floristic knowledge of the lands explored. The fungi collected on this expedition (1) were, however, singularly few, thirty-one in all, eight of which were described as new (2). In spite of the character of this limited collection and the status of Berkeley and Curtis as eminent mycologists of the period, the eight new species do not seem to have been generally recognized in the literature. Massee (3) in his monograph does not men- tion Nos. 21 and 23. Cooke (4) in his” Austria, pao. makes no mention of these Berkeley and Curtis species. Hen- nings (5) in a compendium of South Sea fungi calls attention to but one of the list, No. 21, as Thelephora lamellata B. Guppy (6) listing the fungi of the Solomon Islands similarly cites this species only. Berkeley (7) himself cites only this one of the Wilkes Expedition names in his “ Fungi of the Challenger Ex- pedition.” None of them occurs in Berkeley’s (8) part of the Flora of New Zealand. It is indeed strange that Berkeley and others, except by citation of the Wilkes literature, do not seem to refer in subsequent publications to any other collections of these species either directly or in synonymy. This lack of reference to these fungi is doubtless due to the fact that the types have been lost to mycologists in that they have probably not been recognized since their original description. The species were published (2) as new less than six months after Curtis studied them, if his study was coincident with his reference in a letter to Professor Edw. Tuckerman dated) ec: 9, 1850.1. He notes finding some lichens among the fungi of the 1 Dr. C. L. Shear has kindly permitted the writer to examine a photostat copy of the letters written to Tuckerman from 1847 to 1850. 38 DIEHL: FUNGI. oF WILKES EXPEDITION 39 U.-S. Exploring Expedition; he says. further: “The fungi are few—30 species only—8 new.”- Collins (9) describes the un- fortunate disposition of various specimens and publications of the Wilkes Expedition. The fungi apparently met a similar ex- perience since less than half can be located. In the early days of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, as revealed by the old handwriting on index cards and by the character of the specimen envelopes, some of these were inserted in what is now the Patho- logical Collections of the Bureau of Plant Industry, where they have been kept intact though unrecognized as belonging to the Wilkes Collection. A search through the governmental herbaria did not reveal the presence of any others. Those numbers that were located are noted in the appended list by an asterisk. The authenticity of these specimens is definitely established by the fact that each contains a note in the peculiar hand-printing used for labels by M. A. Curtis in which the numbers, names, and locali- ties correspond to those in the original list (1). Furthermore, the notes in the publication (1) stating that there were in the collection but one specimen of No. 13, and but two of No. 31, and the agreement of the figure of No. 31, fig. 8, (1) with the specimen absolutely eliminates any doubt respecting these two instances. According to the instructions of J. K. Paulding (10), then Secretary of the Navy, to Commander Wilkes, “You will require from every person under your command the surrender of all journals . . . as well as all specimens, etc.,” it would ap- pear that it was the intention to keep all specimens entirely under governmental care; and doubtless the fungi were in charge otf Berkeley and Curtis only during their study. This would explain the apparent absence of any of these types from other herbaria? and a consequent lack of reference to them in the literature. It is thus seen that all the types (possibly im sensu stricto) with the exception of No. 20, Favolus platyporus, are preserved. It is worthy of note that Berkeley and Curtis (1) considered No. 13, Polyporus brunneolus, to be similar to the type, giving it a significant status. The orthography of the list is that of the publication (1). 2 Through the courtesy of Mr. Arthur W. Hill, Assistant Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, it has been learned that none of these types is at Kew. 40) MycoLoGIaA . Agaricus (Pleuropus) lagotis Berk. & Curt. Oahu, Sandwich Islands. 2. Agaricus ignobilis Berk. Feejee Islands. 21% . Agaricus . Agaricus (Flammula) croesus Berk. & Curt. Waya-ruru Bay, New Zea- land. ; Mauna Kea, Hawaii, Sandwich Islands. . Cantharellus aurantiacus Fries. Fort Vancouver. Oregon. . Lentinus wilkesii Berk. & Curt. Feejee Islands. . Schizophyllum commune Fries. Sandwich Islands. . Lenzites repanda Fries. Samoan Group, Navigators’ Islands. . Trametes australis Fries, var. Mangsi Islands. . Trametes lactea Berk. Woolongong, New South Wales. . Polyporus perennis Fries. Island of Madeira. . Polyporus sanguineus Fries. Brazil; also Feejee and Mangsi Islands. . Polyporus brunneolus Berk... Samoan Islands. .. Polyporus flabelliformis Klotsch. Sandal-wood Bay, Feejee Islands. . Polyporus australis Fries. Ovolau, Feejee Islands. . Polyporus cinnabarinus Fries. Feejee Islands, New Zealand, and New South Wales. . Polyporus vellereus Berk., var. poris minoribus. Puget’s Sound, Oregon. . Polyporus liturarius Berk. & Curt. Ovolau, Feejee Islands. . Polyporus (imperfectus). Samoan Grop, Navigators’ Islands. . Favolus platyporus Berk. & Curt. Feejee Islands. . Thelephora lamellata Berk. & Curt. Feejee Islands. . Thelephora aurantiaca Pers. var. Samoan Group, Navigators’ Islands. . Thelephora scabra Berk. & Curt. , Ovolau, Feejee Islands. . Stereum lobatum Fries. Bay of Islands, New Zealand. . Stereum complicatum Fries. var. Ovolau, Feejee Islands. . Exidia hispidula Berk. New Zealand, Sandwich, and Mangsi Islands. . Batarrea phalloides Pers. Oregon. . Lycoperdon pusillum Batsch. var. Bay of Islands, New Zealand. . Clathrus (Laternea) triscapus Fr. Relief Bay, Fuegia. . Hypoxylon concentricum Bolt. Volcano of Maui, Sandwich Islands. Hypoxylon pilaeforme Berk. & Curt. Oahu, Sandwich Islands. BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY, WASHINGTON, D. C. LITERATURE CITED 1. Berkeley, M. J., and Curtis, M. A. Fungi, 193-203, with plate. U. S. Exploring Expedition, etc. 17: Philadelphia. C. Sherman, 1862, 1874.8 2. Berkeley, M. J., and Curtis, M. A. Descriptions of new species of fungi collected by the U. S. Exploring Expedition. Am. Journ. Sci. and Arts 2d Ser. 11: 39-95, May, 1851. 3. Massee, G. A Monograph of the Themen Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 25: 107-155, 1890; 27: 95-205, 1891. 3 This is the author’s edition; the official edition of Vol. 17 ‘ by the author- ity of Congress’ of which there are copies in the Library of Congress was printed without plates and apparently without an atlas. 10. DIEHL: FUNGI OF WILKES EXPEDITION AT. . Cooke, M. C. Handbook of Australian Fungi. 1-458, London. Wil- liams and Norgate, 1892. . Hennings, P. Eumycetes, 35-65, in Schumann, Ke and Lauterbach, K. Flora d. deut. Schutzgebiete in d. Stidsee. Leipzig. Geb. Borntraeger, 1901. . Guppy, H. B. Solomon Islands. 304, London. Sonnenschein, Lowrey & Co., 1887. . Berkeley, M. J. Fungi of the Challenger Expedition. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 16: 38-54, 1878. . Berkeley, M. J. Fungi, in Hooker, J. D. Botany of the Antarctic Voyage II: Flora Novae Zealandnae, part II. 172-210. London. L. Reeve, 1855. . Collins, F. S. The botanical and other papers of the Wilkes Expedition. Rhodora 14: 57-68, April, 1912. Wilkes, C. Narrative of the U. S. Exploring Expedition I: xxx. Phila- delphia. Lea & Blanchard, 1845. CLITOCYBE SUDORIFICA AS A POISONOUS MUSHROOM J. W. RopeErts On October 15, my wife collected some mushrooms which were growing on the Hall at Washington. I identified them as belong- ing to the genus Clitocybe, probably Clitocybe dealbata. In order to determine whether or not they were edible, I took a few nibbles just before dinner on the evening of October 15. No ill results were noticed. The next morning before breakfast, I ate one entir> cap without any feeling of discomfort resulting. That night at dinner my wife and myself ate about eight or ten each. Those eaten at this time were creamed. We thought we noticed no ill effects but I remember that I perspired more freely than usual and remarked to my wife that the hghts in a nearby apart- ment house had a peculiar appearance. However at the time I attributed the former to the fact that the heat was turned on in our apartment and the latter to peculiar atmospheric conditions. Since the flavor of these mushrooms was very pleasant more of them were cgllected on the morning of October 18 and served with meat that evening at dinner. My wife ate something like eight of them and I ate probably twice that number. At about 6:45, or one half hour after dinner, I began to feel very warm and was perspiring very freely. At about 7:00 o’clock my eyes began to give out and I was compelled to stop reading. At 7:30 I looked at my watch and had some difficulty in telling the time. At 8:20 I was so warm and perspiring so freely that I opened the outside door of the apartment and put on lighter clothing. Shortly afterward my wife came in from another room and said she was not feeling well. I mentioned that I could read no longer for despite my glasses which magnify slightly, I was unable to see clearly. She at once said that she could not see distinctly. To both of. us all objects appeared blurred. Lights appeared as sun-bursts of remarkable beauty. 42 ROBERTS: CLITOCYBE SUDORIFICIA 43 This derangement of sight was due to the contraction of the pupils. Realizing that the trouble was due to mushrooms, a physician was summoned. He arrived shortly before 9:30. Before his arrival we had taken emetics to good effect. He gave additional emetics and bits of mushrooms were among the things brought up. I was also, beginning at about nine o'clock, affected with diarrhoea. At about the same time my muscles began twitching and by nine-thirty I had very little control of my legs and arms. I was, for instance, unable to pick up a glass of water with one hand. There was also a very pronounced flow of saliva and my clothing were soaked with perspiration. There was a scantiness of urine, in fact none was voided between 6:00 o'clock that even- _ ing and 9:00 o’clock the next morning, at which time less than two ounces was given off. My pulse was rapid, being about 90, whereas it is usually around 70. Respiration was, I believe, about normal, at least I do not recall having any difficulty in breathing, or being troubled with shortness of breath. After the physician was satisfied that the stomach was empty, purgatives were given and atropine was administered subcutane- ously. We were then ordered to bed under heavy covering and with hot water bottles at our feet. Within a short time, I should say half an hour, I had recovered control of my muscles and was experiencing a mental exhilaration. I enjoyed the peculiar ap- pearance of the lights and glistening objects and told the doctor and the nurse that I felt better than I usually did when well. At 2:00 o’clock the next morning I went to sleep, awakening ‘at 6:00 and again at 9:00. At 9:00 I arose and looked over the morning paper with eyesight apparently normal. My wife com- plained of pain at the top of her head but I felt no pain anywhere. In fact, save for my wife’s headache neither of us had felt any pain throughout the whole experience. Both of us were in possession of our mental faculties throughout. During the day following I was as usual save for scantiness of urine, scantiness of saliva and lack of sense of taste. Pulse, perspiration, sight, etc., were apparently normal. | 44. MyYcoLoGIA By the next afternoon, October 20, the flow of urine became normal or nearly so, but the scantiness of saliva persisted a day longer. My sense of taste, I have not yet fully regained at this date, October 22, the fourth day after the mushrooms were eaten. There was no after effect of stupor or coma with slowing up of thesheart beat, On October 20, specimens of the mushroom were submitted to Miss Vera K. Charles, who very kindly identified it for me. Miss Charles also cited me to Murrill’s note on this species as follows: Clitocybe sudorifica Peck, Bull. N. Y. State Mus. 157: 67. 1912. First described as a variety of C. dealbata from specimens collected in grassy ground at Saratoga, New York, by F. G. Howland. It has been col- lected in two or three other localities in Albany and Ontario counties. Mr. Howland, Dr. Peck, and Dr. W. W. Ford all agreed that this mushroom was decidely sudorific and unwholesome, differing decidedly in this respect from the reputation enjoyed by C. dealbata. 1 have examined the types, however, and can see no morphologic difference between the two plants. They both grow gregariously in exposed grassy places and the best observer could not tell them apart—Murrill, W. A. In Mycologia 7: 274-275. 1915. BuREAvU OF PLANT INDUSTRY, WASHINGTON, D. C. =. OBSERVATIONS ON THE INFECTION OF CRATAEGUS BY GYMNOSPORANGIUM’ J. F. ApamMs An interesting growth of the red cedar (Juniperus virginiana ) and hawthorns (Crataegus spp.) 1s found on the slopes of Tussev Mountain at Mussers Gap, Center County, Pennsylvania. They comprise the shrubbery growth within an old cleared area of twenty-five acres, now used for a pasture, which is surrounded by Fic. 1. A dense growth of hawthorns as it appears in early spring. a secondary growth of oak trees. In certain areas the hawthorns are close together and form a very dense growth, as shown in figure I. The cedars and hawthorns are often found associated as shown in figure 4. The majority of the cedars, however, are in rather restricted groups surrounding the hawthorns. Thirteen specimens of hawthorns have been identified in this area. Several trees of Malus glaucescens have been found also adjacent to this 1 Contribution from the Department of Botany. The Pennsylvania Stare College, No. 25. 45 46 MycoLocia section. Whatever the conditions, they have been very favorable for the prolific reproduction of the hawthorns and illustrate an interesting development of recognized species. With the close association between the two hosts favorable conditions are present for the development of Gymnosporangium rusts. The following species are found established: Gymnospor- angium germinale (Schw.) Kern, Gymnosporangium globosum Farlow, and Gymnosporangium Juniperi-virgimianae Schw. These three species are found severely infecting the above men- tioned hosts. Fic. 2. Upper portion of a hawthorn showing the numerous hypertrofied branches as the result of infection of G. germinale. The telial infection of G. germinale which occurs upon the trunks and branches of the cedars is most prevalent on the young growth, which is often completely girdled. On the hawthorns the most serious infection is with this rust. The young growth, modified branches, and terminal buds present abnormal hyper- trofied developments when infected, as shown in figure 3. Severely infected trees with this species of rust present, from a distance, an appearance similar to a black-knot infection on ADAMS: INFECTION OF CRATAEGUS BY GYMNOSPORANGIUM 47 plums. Figure 2 shows the upper growth of a hawthorn in the early spring with the numerous hypertrofied branches as the result of previous infection. On the larger branches the hyper- trofies indicate perennial character of the rust infection. The aecia on the branches always preceed the appearance of the aecia Fic. 3. A branch showing the hypertrofied development of the young growth, modified branches and terminal buds as the result of infection by G. germinale. on the fruit of the hawthorns. Infection with G. germinale on the fruit of the hawthorns is most conspicuous and the fruits are usually completely covered with the cylindrical aecia. Infection with G. globosum, which occurs on the leaves of the hawthorns, has been observed to cause partial defoliation: The aecia are also commonly found developing on the calyx lobes of 4S MyYcCoLocIA at the fruits. The aecia of G. Juniperi-virginianae were found only on the fruit and leaves of Malus glaucescens. Specimens of these rusts have been collected at different times within this area by Dr. F. D. Kern, Prof. C. R. Orton and the writer. The different species of Crataegus have been kindly identified by Prof. W. W. Eggleston. The following list includes Fic. 4. An intimate association between cedar and hawthorn favorable for the development of the rusts. those species of hawthorns not previously reported as hosts in North American Flora for G. germinale and G. globosum. There ‘are ten additional species reported for G. germinale and six for G. globosum. The remaining species of hawthorns listed includes those not previously reported for Pennsylvania. ADAMS: INFECTION OF CRATAEGUS BY GYMNOSPORANGIUM 49 M@areueh the kindness of Dr. J. C. Arthur I have secured the data regarding a collection which was not reported in North ‘American Flora, but was collected previous to our collection at Mussers Gap, Center Co., Pennsylvania. The collection is in the exsiccati of Ellis, North American Fungi 1084, as Gymnosporang- ium germinale on Crataegus coccinea collected in West Chester, Pennsylvania. Gymnosporangium germinale (Schw.) Kern Crataegus Crataegus Crataegus Crataegus Crataegus pausiacal Ashe. pruinosal(Wendl.) Beadle. punctata2 Jacq. straminea1 Beadle. succulental Schrad. Gymnosporangium globosum Farlow Crataegus Crataegus Crataegus Crataegus Crataequs Margaretta2 Ashe. neofluvialist Ashe pruinosa2 (Wendl.) Beadle. Stramineal Beadle. succulenta1 Schrad. Gymnosporangium Juniperi-virginianae Schw. Malus glaucescens2 Rehder. on Crataegus:coccineal L. Crataegus coccinioides! Ashe. Crataegus Jesupi1 Sarg. Crataegus macrosperma1 Ashe. Crataegus Margarettal Ashe. Crataegus neofluvialis1 Ashe. on Crataegus Calpodendron1. Borckh. Crataegus coccinea? L. Crataegus coccinioides2 Ashe. Crataegus Crus-galli2 L. _ Crataegus Jusupil Sarg. Crataegus macrosperma1 Ashe. on STATE COLLEGE, PENNSYLVANIA. 1 Species not previously reported in North American Flora. 2 Species not previously reported from Pennsylvania. THE FRUIT—-DISEASE SURVEY W. A. MurRRILu (WiTH PLATE 3) Encouraged by the success of the field meeting on Long Island in 1919 for the study of potato diseases, the American Phyto- pathological Society decided to hold a similar meeting in 1920 for the study of fruit diseases. The region selected was the Great Valley, extending from Staunton, Virginia, northward into Penn- sylvania, one of the richest and best known fruit-growing dis- tricts in the United States; and the time was the first week in August, which proved to be a most fortunate selection because of the perfect weather. Early Monday, August 2, phytopathologists began to arrive at Staunton from all parts of the country, as well as from several foreign countries, until about 75 had assembled; the attendance being further augmented by horticulturists, entomologists, and other specialists. The mornings and afternoons were devoted to inspection work and the evenings to informal discussions of the fungi causing the diseases observed and the various methods of control. No better method could be devised for meeting the problems which pathologists have to face, and, in my opinion, the meeting under discussion was the greatest in the history of plant pathology. | , I have prepared a popular account of this survey for the Garden Journal; and Dr. G. R. Lyman, who was mainly respons- ible for its success, has published a brief report on it in the November number of Phytopathology. The following paragraph is taken from his report. August 3 was devoted to a tour of the Staunton-Harrisonburg district in Virginia, and included the inspection of interesting demonstrations of apple root-rot and cedar rust, and comparative dusting and spraying experiments for control of various apple o0 MurritL: THE Fruit-DISEASE SURVEY 51 diseases. The party spent August 4 in Berkeley County, West Virginia, noting the effects of cedar eradication, visiting orchards where dusting and spraying experiments were in progress, and inspecting demonstrations of collar-blight and other diseases. Visits were also made to the experimental packing plant at In- wood, and to the West Virginia pathological weather instrument station near Martinsburg. August 5 was spent in the vicinity of Hagerstown, Maryland, and was largely devoted to peach diseases and their control by dusting and spraying, some attention also being given to truck-crop diseases. On August 6, the party visited the Field Laboratory of the Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment Station at Arendtsville, Pennsylvania, and inspected experiments in progress in that region under direction of the laboratory staff on the control of apple diseases and insects. The conference adjourned at Gettysburg, but on August 7 a portion of the party continued by automobile to Philadelphia, visiting the rich agricultural districts of Lancaster County and inspecting the tobacco experiments in progress there. Wednesday evening, we were guests of the Chamber of Com- merce of Hagerstown, Maryland. After the usual exchange of courtesies, the representatives of foreign countries were called upon for addresses, beginning with Dr. Brierly, of England; after which Dr. Ball, Assistant Secretary of Agriculture, Prof. Symons, of the University of Maryland, and other speakers entertained us until nearly midnight. Thursday was another full day. We visited truck gardens to study blights, rots, mosaics, tip-burns, etc.; peach orchards to observe the effects of spraying; apple orchards for cedar eradica- tion ; and the Antietam battlefield for its historic interest. In the evening, there was a meeting for the discussion of local fruit diseases held under the auspices of the Washington County Fruit Growers, at which Prof. Whetzel discussed dusting and spraying, and Mr. Charles Repp, of New Jersey, outlined some of the diffi- culties of the commercial fruit-grower of the present day. We shall never forget the informal talk given by Dr. Brierly in the peach orchard Thursday morning. The audience sat on a shaded, elevated terrace looking out on a wonderful valley, while By MYyYcoLoGiIA the speaker gave an immensely interesting account of the plant diseases in England. Silver-leaf was very bad on apples, plums, etc., while Nectria canker and brown-rot were among their worst orchard diseases. Potato-wart was terrible, often taking 100 per cent. of the crop. Dr. Brierly said this was the only case he knew in which the host was either entirely susceptible or entirely immune. The mycological flora of the soil was also touched upon as an exceedingly important field of investigation. The accompanying photograph, showing a number of those in attendance, was taken at Areridtsville, Pennsylvania, after a 35- mile drive over the mountains through the Mt. Alto State Forest of 25,000. acres. The visit to Gettysburg was greatly enjoyed, and another ex- cellent photograph was taken which I should like to reproduce if space allowed. The effects of shot and shell on forest trees were much in evidence on the battlefield, where one white oak was noticed with 18 bullet-marks in the lower part of its trunk. Ina low spot in the forest, near a spring, the white ash trees were all seriously affected with a heart-rot caused by Fomes fraxinophi- lus, many sporophores of this fungus being observed on the trunks. The meeting Friday evening, at Gettysburg, was devoted to 1m- pressions, results, plans for the future, and a general summing-up of the phytopathological situation. Prof. C. R. Orton presided and called upon Jones, Waite, Ball, Whetzel, Brierly, Lyman, and others to make impromptu addresses on various subjects. It was the general opinion that the meeting had been a most decided success. ) On Saturday morning, a number of the pathologists, including Brierly, Foéx, Rosatti, Stevenson, Bain, Whetzel, Kern, Adams, Orton, Torrey, and others, journeyed by automobile from Gettys- burg to Lancaster and thence by trolley to Ephrata, where Mr. Olsen showed the co-operative experiments on tobacco being conducted by the U. S. Department of Agriculture and the Penn- sylvania Agricultural Experiment Station. At the farm of Pro- fessor E. K. Hibshman, the visitors saw numerous strains of tobacco growing under the ideal conditions of this region. The VINVATASNNAd ‘ATTMASLGNAYAV LV NYAVL HdVaDOLOHd V € aLV1Tdg ‘[J[X ANNA VIDOTOOA IN ee v i} aes ‘e MurritL: THE Fruit-DIsEASE SURVEY 53 experiments included not only a tobacco strain test but also studies on various fertilizers and rotations. In connection with the field studies, difficulty has been encountered with the root-rot disease caused by Thielavia basicola and the plant pathologists of the Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment Station have been called in to assist in testing the various strains of tobacco for resistance to this disease. This season, six strains were being tested on infested and noninfested soil and marked differences were noted. One strain is apparently highly resistant, though not immune, to root-rot. It will produce a good crop beside other strains which will be a total failure. Dr. Lyman was fortunate in having such able and obliging associates on his committee of arrangements. Fromme was in charge in Virginia, Giddings in West Virginia, Temple in Mary- land, and Orton in Pennsylvania. Dr. Waite represented the Department of Agriculture. New York BOTANICAL GARDEN. NOTES AND BRIEF ARTICLES [Unsigned notes are by the editor] Readers of MycoLoctA are invited to contribute to this department personal news items and notes or brief articles of interest to mycologists in general. Manuscript should be submitted before the middle of the month preceding the month in which this publication is issued. Dr. C. D. Sherbakoff is now plant pathologist at the Tennessee Experiment Station. The new officers of the Pacific Division of the Phytopatho- logical Society are Dr. H. S: Reed, Dr. J; We Motson, and: Dr 5: Mo Zeller. Mr. Stewart H. Burnham has removed his extensive collection | of New York plants to Cornell University, where he will be permanently located. Dr. Foex, representing the pathologists of France, visited the Garden on September 8; and Dr. Brierly, representing those of England, spent October 8 with us and departed for Rothamsted October 9. A memorial of the late Professor P. A. Saccardo has been pre- pared and distributed by Professor de Toni. Nearly half of the pamphlet of 36 pages is devoted to a list of Professor Saccardo’s publications. Professor Samuel M. Tracy died at Laurel, Mississippi, on September 5, at the age of 73. He was born at Hartford, Ver mont, and educated at the Michigan Agricultural College. Several of his publications deal with the fungi, and he was asso- ciated with Professor Earle in studies of the fungous flora of the southern states. . 54 NoTES AND BriEF ARTICLES 55 Thomas F. Hunt, Dean of the College of Agriculture of the University of California, has accepted appointment as permanent delegate representing the United States at the International In- stitute of Agriculture, Rome, Italy. His wide knowledge of agri- cultural conditions in America, coupled with his extensive in- vestigations in Europe, make him an exceptionally well-quali- fied man for this position, which has been vacant since the death of David Lubin. Mr. Ramsbottom, general secretary of the British Mycological Society, with headquarters at the British Museum, has under- taken to compile a list of all the new genera of fungi published since the appearance of Vol. XXII of Saccardo’s “ Sylloge,” the original diagnoses of which will appear in annual instalments in the Society’s publications. He will welcome separates including descriptions of new genera or any other assistance that will make his work easier or more complete. Dr. L. O. Overholts, of State College, Pennsylvania, arrived at the Garden, August 28, with several boxes of specimens to be studied and compared in the mycological herbarium. Among them were some specimens which we were very glad to see, in- cluding types of certain species recently described by Mr. C. G. Lloyd. Of these, Polyporus induratus C. G. Lloyd, collected at Urbana, Illinois, in 1918 by William McDougal, proves to be a rather thick form of Fomes fraxineus, which is more like the typical European specimens than most of those I have seen from America. Grifola flavovirens was found in quantity at Yama Farms, on September 6, by several members of the Mycological Club who were out collecting fungi. It appeared in several fine clusters in a low, damp spot in oak-chestnut woods between the Inn and Jenny Brook. I have never before seen so much of this rare species in one place. 56 MYyYcoLociIa Under the title “Selecta Mycologica,” in the Annales Myco- logict for 1920, Bresadola describes 92 new species of fungi from various localities and appends a list of observations and synonyms prepared during his study of herbarium material borrowed from several European institutions. | Dr. W. H. Ballou brought to the Garden on August 30 and September 2, from White Plains, New York, a number of in- teresting fleshy and woody fungi which he had just collected— among them Lactaria atroviridis, Lactaria Indigo, several species of Boletus, a peculiar form of Tyromyces caesius, zygospores of Sporodinia grandis, and a resupinate polypore. Pestalozsia scirrofaciens is described as new by Miss Nellie Brown in Phytopathology for August, 1920, as the cause of a hard tumor on the stems of the sapodilla tree in Florida. The disease can be controlled in an orchard by destroying the infected LECES: Mr. H. A. Lee, pathologist of the Bureau of Science, Manila, reports banana wilt in certain parts of the Philippine Islands. Fortunately, this disease, caused by Fusarium cubense, has not yet appeared upon Musa textilis, which yields the valuable Manila hemp of commerce. A mosaic disease of corn in Porto Rico similar to that found on sugar-cane, is described and figured by Brandes in the Journal of Agricultural Research for August 16, 1920. The corn aphis is an active agent in disseminating this disease; and the only known method of control is the destruction of infected plants. “The Ascomycetous Fungi of Human Excreta,” by C. E. Fair- man, issued July 30, 1920, is a small illustrated pamphlet contain- ing historical matter, observations, a bibliography, a list of the 18 species previously known, and the description of a new species, Cylindrocolla faecalis, found by the author in September, 1917. Notes AND BriEF ARTICLES 57 Dr. Fairman is a practising physician and became interested in these fungi because of the connection of some of them with human diseases. | Professor Bruce Fink wrote me, August 29, from Conway, Kentucky, where he spent the summer: “ The woods are full of fleshy fungi, as we have had wet weather. On August 21, I picked up a strange fungus, which I suppose is a Cyclomyces. It was growing at the base of an old stump in the woods. I found one somewhat like it near here several years ago. The two are the only ones I have collected.’ A specimen sent for the Garden herbarium proved to be the rare Cycloporus Greeneti, as Professor Fink suggested. A bacterial canker of poplar, caused by Micrococcus populi, has become a veritable scourge in the valley of the Oise and neighboring valleys of France. It attacks the stem and branches of seedlings and the trunks of older trees. Treatments are pre- ventive only, and include selection of stock and locality, destruc- tion of all insects feeding on the poplar, and destruction of al! diseased trees or parts of such trees. Professor Buller has published in the Transactions of the _ British Mycological Society for September, 1920, an interesting account of the way in which the red squirrel of North America collects mushrooms and stores them up in late autumn for winter use. They are either hidden away in quantity in holes in tree trunks, in crows’ nests, etc., or placed in the forks of branches, where they dry quickly and may be used when desired. A circular on Potato Wart distributed by the U. S. Department of Agriculture in October, 1920, reviews what was previously known regarding this very serious disease’ and adds information recently obtained by observation and experiment. A general dis- cussion of the subject by Lyman is followed by special discus- Sions of susceptible varieties and new hosts contributed by Kunkel. 58 MYCOLOGIA The disease has been found on several varieties of tomatoes. The actual damage to this new host is slight, but the fungus is kept alive and spread to new fields by this means. The Tropical Research Laboratory of the United Fruit Com- pany, which was formerly located at Zent, Costa Rica, and closed during the period of the war, is being reopened at Changuinola, Panama. Dr. John R. Johnston, professor of plant pathology in the University of Havana, has been appointed director of tropical research for the company with headquarters in Havana, and two pathologists will be located at the Laboratory in Panama, one to continue work on the banana disease, and the other to work on the diseases of the coconut, cacao, and other crops. Referring to Pucciniastrum arcticum (Lagh.) Tranz. the state- ment has recently been made that “Outside of Alaska only two American collections are known.” (Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 47: 468) [Oct., 1920]. This statement needs amplifying. There are in the herbarium of the University of Wisconsin specimens repre- senting 30 collections from upwards of 20 localities in Wisconsin ranging from the north to within about 40 miles of the southern boundary. All of these are on Rubus triflorus (R. pubescens) and all of the specimens on this species of Rubus are of the arcticum type while all of those on Rubus strigosus are of the americanum type. This raised a query as to whether the cause of the difference lay in the parasites or in the hosts. Jo J Davis “Collar-rot of Apple Trees in the Yakima Valley,” by J. W. Hotson, is an important contribution to this subject published in Phytopathology for November, 1920. The author believes that the only essential condition of collar-rot is a permanent wound of the bark at the collar of the tree; which may be caused by Bacillus amylovorus, Armillaria mellea, Polystictus versicolor, gophers, frost, plowing, gradual corrosion by oxidation, ete. Where the injury is severe, the tree should be removed; in other Notes AND BriEF ARTICLES 59 cases, cut out the diseased tissue, disinfect the wound with lysoi and leave it exposed to the air. Bridge grafting has been tried on valuable trees, but can not be recommended as a general prac- tice, since trees so treated are rarely thrifty. In Bulletin 222 of the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, Dr. Clinton gives an account, with illustrations, of new and unusual plant injuries and diseases found in Connecticut, 1916-1919. Under Dry Rot, on page 3098, he describes a house at Westbrook, which was attacked by Merulius lacrymans and seriously damaged because of insufficient air drainage about th= woodwork. Among the remedial measures suggested were: The removal and burning of all infected wood and rubbish; the creosoting, if possible, of the new wood used; and the building of several sunken areaways, protected only by wire netting, to allow free access of air under the house. According toe Da Clinton, the dry-rot fungus depends in great measure for its development upon a fairly small and tightly closed air space next the wood, and a sufficient amount of water to keep the air therein constantly saturated or at least above the normal amount. The results of experimental work and observations on the citrus canker by Peltier and Frederich are published in the Journal of Agricultural Research for July 15, 1920. The fol- lowing statements are quoted from the summary: The successful inoculation of a large number of wild relatives in the greenhouse shows that Pseudomonas citri has a wide range of hosts and is not limited to the genus Citrus. So far as the menace of citrus-canker to the citrus industry of the United States is concerned, with the exception of Poncirus trifoliata, none of the wild relatives, native or introduced, now growing in the citrus districts are susceptible enough to have any bearing on the eradication program. Leaf texture is apparently an important factor in influencing resistance to Pseudomonas citri by its host plants. This phase deserves further investigation. 60 Myco.ocia An exceedingly important discussion of sugar-cane root disease by Earle and Matz appeared in the Journal of the Department of Agriculture of Porto Rico for January, 1920. A summary of the situation in Porto Rico is given by Earle, as follows: Root disease as here understood is a complex including phases often known as Root Rot, Wither Tip, Top Rot and Rind Disease. These phenomena are caused by a number of facultative parasites, none of which attack actively growing vigorous tissues. There is also a heretofore unknown true parasite inhabiting the vascular bundles. Rhizoctonia and Pythium are the usual root- killing agents rather than Marasmius and Himantia. Cane varieties differ greatly in their resistance or susceptibility to Root Disease. The Otaheite or Cana Blafica is very susceptible. North Indian canes like Kavangire and those with part North Indian parentage are very resistant or practically immune. Remedial or preventive measures include A. The planting of resistant varieties. B. Better cultural methods to overcome facultative parasites. C. Proper seed selection and handling. The parasite inhabiting the vascular bundles is described by Matz as Plasmodiophora vascularum. It is said to differ from P. brassicae in having larger spores, in not forming galls, and in inhabiting the vascular system of its host, plugging up the con- ducting vessels and greatly interfering with their action. A New Bo.Lete FRoM Porto Rico Gyroporus Earlei sp. nov. Pileus broadly convex, solitary, 8-10 cm. broad ; surface slightly viscid when young, becoming dry: at maturity, sub- glabrous, fulvous; margin thin, concolorous; context fleshy, firm, yellowish-white, unchanging, taste mild, but slightly mawkish; tubes sinuate-depressed, minute, ochraceous at maturity, not stuffed when young; spores ovoid to ellipsoid. smooth, honey- xvellow under the microscope, with a very large nucleus, 7-8 X 4-5; stipe somewhat enlarged above and below, bright-yellow at the apex, otherwise very dark brown, almost black, glabrous. solid, firm, 5 cm. long, 1.5-2 cm. thick. Type collected in sandy land beside a ditch in an old grape- fruit grove,—where the trees were dying from root disease,—near Manati, Porto Rico, October 29, 1920, F. S. Earle. The descrip- tion is largely drawn from field-notes accompanying the collec- Notes AND BriEF ARTICLES 61 tion. Boletes are exceedingly rare in tropical regions. This ts probably the first specimen of the group that has been found in Porto Rico; and it is interesting to note that it belongs to the small genus having pale, ellipsoid spores. W. A. MurRILL. Tree Surgery is the subject of Farmers’ Bulletin 1173, by J. Franklin Collins, published in September, 1920. This bulletin is intended primarily as a guide for those who desire to take care of their own trees or to superintend such work. It outlines some of the better methods of treating injuries, removing dead or diseased limbs, and repairing decayed spots in the trunk or hmbs. A badly diseased or injured tree should be removed and re- placed by a healthy one unless there is some very special reason for trying to preserve the tree. This applies particulary to an old tree that has been in poor condition or in poor soil for some years. Such a tree rarely recovers completely from the shock of extensive or elaborate repair work on the trunk; in fact, it often deteriorates more rapidly thereafter. Two axioms of tree- repair work (tree surgery) that should be borne in mind con- stantly are (1) that prompt treatment of freshly made wounds is the surest and most economical method of preventing disease or decay in the future and (2) that all wounds made in tree-surgery work should be cleaned, sterilized, and protected from infection just as thoroughly as in the case of animal surgery and for exactly the same reasons. At present tree-repair work has not received the recognition and approval from tree owners that it deserves. This may be due at times to unfavorable experiences with dishonest and ignorant tree surgeons, at other times to the reluctance of the owners to spend much money in preserving their trees, or from their ignor- ance of the benefits that may result when tree-repair work is properly done. Reliable tree surgeons are doing much in a prac- tical way to educate the public as to the benefits of tree-repair work. Unfortunately, the unscientific or dishonest work of some others still is doing much to offset it. INDEX TO AMERICAN MYCOLOGICAL LITERATURE Anderson, H. W. Dendrophoma leaf blight of strawberry. Univ. Ill. Agric. Exper. Sta. Bull. 229: 127-136, 7 ow fl 1920. Barnes, F. Mould growths on wood pulp. Pulp and Paper Mag. 18; 995-996. f. I-7. 23 S 1920. Bequaert, J. A new host of Laboulbenia formicarum Thaxter, with remarks on the fungous parasites of ants. Bull. Brook- lyn Ent. Soc. 15: 71-79. Ap—Je 1920. Bessey, E. A., & Thompson, B. E. An undescribed Coes from Michigan. Mycologia 12: 282-285. pl. 20. 1920. Genea cubispora sp. nov. Brown, N. A. A Pestalogzia producing a tumor on the sapodilla tree (Achras Zapota L.) Phytopathology 10: 383-394. f. I—5. 1920. Pestalozgzia scirrofaciens sp. nov. Carpenter, C. W. Report of the division of plant pathology. Hawaii Agr. Exper. Sta. 1919: 49-54. 10 5 so2e. Collins, J. F. Notes on resistance of chestnuts to the blight. Phytopathology 10: 368-371. f. I-2. 1920. Dickson, B. T. Onvygena equina (Willd.) Pers. Mycologia 12: 289-201. 7. 1.21920. Douglas, G. E. Early development of Inocybe. Bot. Gaz. 70: 211-220. pl. 18-22. 15 S 1920. Earle, F. S. La resistancia de las variedades de cafia a la en- fermedad de las rayas amarillas o del mosaico. Puerto Rico Dept: Agric. y Trab, Bolirg: iG. ATi iO2e: Edgerton, C. W., & Moreland, C.C. Tomato Wilt. La Bull. 174: 1-54. f. I-19. Ap 1920. Fairman, C. E. ‘The Ascomycetous flora of human excreta. pp. I-10. pl. 1G f. 3. Lyndonville, NOY. 30-}ie2ze Includes Cylindrocolla faecalis sp. nov. 62 INDEX TO AMERICAN MycoLoGIcAL LITERATURE 63 Fawcett, H. S. Pythiacystis and Phytophthosa. Phytopathol- ogy 10: 397-399. 1920. Fitzpatrick, H.M. Monograph of the Coryneliaceae. Mycologia 12: 206-236. pl. 12-18. 7 Au 1920; 239-267. 1920. Fraser, W. P. Cultures of Puccinia Clematidis (DC.) Lagerh. and Puccinia Impatientis (Schw.) Arth. Mycologia 12: 292- 295. 1920. Hedgcock, G. G. New species and relationships in the genus Coleosporium. Mycologia 12: 182-198. 1920. Includes Peridermium floridanum sp. nov. and several new combinations. Hedgcock, G. G., & Hunt, N. R. Notes on Peridermium Hark- ness. Phytopathology, 10: 395-397. 1920. Lehman, S. C. Penicillium spiculisporum, a new ascogenous — fungus. Mycologia 12: 268-274. pl. 10. 1920. mevine, M. he behavior of crown gall on the rubber tree titeus elasitica). Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. and Med. 17: 157— m8. .1920. Lloyd, C.G. Mycological notes, 63: 945-984. My 1920. Matz, J. Gumming disease of sugar cane in Porto Rico. Phy- topathology 10: 429-430. f. I. 1920. Matz, J. La gomosis de la cafia. Revista Agric. Puerto Rico 5: 24-26. Jl 1920. [Illust.] Matz, J. La gomosis de la cafia de azucar. Puerto Rico Dept. meric. y Trab. Circ. 20: 1-7. 1920. - [1 plate.] Matz, J. Pudricién de la base de la “‘roselle.” Revista Agric. Puerto Rico 5’: 18-20. Jl 1920. [Illust.] Moreau, F. A propos du nouveau genre Kunkelia Arthur. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 36: 101-103. 15 Jl 1920. Murphy, P. A., & Wortley, E. J. Relation of climate to the development and control of leaf roll of potato. Phytopathol- egy 10: 407-414. f. I. 1920. Murrill, W. A. A new Amanita. Mycologia 12: 291-2092. 1920. Venenarius Wellsii sp. nov. Murrill, W. A. Autobasidiomycetes, in Britton, N. L., The Ba- hama Flora 637-645. 26 Je 1920. 64 MyYcCoLoGIA Norton, J. B. S.. & Chen, C. C. Another corn seed parasite. Science IT; 52: 250-251. 10S 1920. Peltier, G. L., & Frederich, W. J. Relative susceptibility to citrus-cankers of different species and hybrids of the genus Citrus, including the wild relatives. Jour. Agric. Research 19: 339-362. pl. 57-68. 15 Jl 1920. Reed, G. M., & Duncan,.G. H. Flag smut and take-all. Univ. Til; Agric, Exper. Sta. Circ. 242: 1-4. {ae ees Riddle, L. W. Lichens, in Britton, N. L., The Bahama Flora 522-553. 26 Je 1920. Includes 19 new species. Riddle, L. W. Observations on the genus Acrospermum. My- cologia .12:.175s181. pl. 17. 1920: | Includes A. Masxoni Farlow sp. nov. Roberts, J. W. The apple-blotch and bitter-rot cankers. Phy- topathotogy 10: 353-357. 1920. Romell, L. Hvarifran kommer det bruna pulcret a ofre sidan af Polyporus applanatus och andra Ganoderma—arter? [with English summary] Sv. Bot. Tidsk. 10: 341-348. 1916. Rosenbaum, J. A. Macrosporium foot-rot of tomato. Phyto- pathology 10: 415-422. f. I-4. 1920. Saccardo, P. A. Notae mycologicae, ser. XXIX. Muicromycetes Dakotenses et Utahenses a Doct. J. F. Brenckle lecti et com- municati. Mycologia 12: 199-205. 1920. Includes Phaetrype gen. nov. and 9 new species in various groups. Seaver, F. J. Fungi, in Britton, N. L., The Bahama Flora 631- 645. 26 Je 1920. Includes 5 new species. Schmitz, H. The present trend of forest pathology. Idaho For. 1920: 13-17. 1920. Schmitz, H. Shoe-string root rot of Rhododendron and Azalea caused by Armillaria mellea Vahl. Phytopathology 10: 375. fi £., (E920, Snell, W. H. Observations on the distance of spread of aecio- spores and urediniospores of Cronartium ribicola. Phyto- pathology 10: 358-364. 1920. INDEX TO AMERICAN MycoOLOGICAL LITERATURE 65 Walker, L. B. Developments of Cyathus fascicularis, C. striatus and Crucibulum vulgare. Bot. Gaz. 70: 1-24. pl. 6 & f. 1-3. aa $1 1920. Weir, J. R. Note on the pathological eliects of blazing trees: Phytopathology 10: 371-373. 1920. Weiss, H. B., & West, E. Fungous insects and their hosts. Proc. iol, Soc. Wash. 33: I-19. pl. Fr. 24 Jl 1920. Willaman, J. J. Pectin relations of Sclerotinia cinerea. Bot. ieaz, 70221-229. 15 S 1920. | Wilson, 0. T. Crown-gall of alfalfa. Bot. Gaz. 70: 51-68. pl. y—-10. 24 fl. 1920. Zundel, G. L. Some Ustilagineae of the state of Washington. Mycologia 12: 275-281. 1920. ") “a iJ #. ¥s ; : : ‘ = 5 \ a ; ‘i as \ SS j \ aU 3 : { \ ag ® . : ; Z e os ts} lypora 1 on : ment, oy D. T. ~ MacDowra, fournal of ithe New York fetanical Garduh, oe ‘ing notes, news, and non-technical articles’ of general, i i mémbers of the Garden: To’ others, 10 cents a copy _ offered in exchange.] Now. in its. twenty-second ‘volume. _ Mycologia, bimonthly, illustrated in color and other aye of p “intdtest, and an tndex. £0: Neco: Amie tiad. reste ea year; sirigle copies not for) sales’ ; apy sane ‘in. ae thirteenth ‘volume. in each voltiime. Wasa price, $09 oo ot year. IN Now in ats sixth vores ata ; of the Director-in- chit paty other: official pan at i technical embodying the results: of investigations carried out in: the zar members of the Garden; to others, $3.00 per vohime. © Now is ‘North American. Flora. . Descriptions of the wild plants including Greenland, the West Indies, and Central. America. ‘completed. in 34 volumes, Roy. 8vo. Each volume ‘to consist « “parts... Subst¢ription price, ‘$1.50 per part; a. limited - nui ber « ‘will be sold for $2.00 each. 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So per ‘volume, To. ‘others, $3. 00:: ‘Vol. I.« An Annotated Catalogue. of the Flore . ‘Monts ? “stone Park, by Per Axel Rydberg. “ix + 492 pp... with detailed ‘map. Vol. Il... The Influence of Light and Darkness upon Growth ani Lm “xvi = 320 PP bes 176° eae - Gager. eri fa 278. pp.) ‘withes 93 eae ee 14. ates, Nol. WV, Flora of the. Vicinity | of. New. York: : Vol. Vi. “Papers: pusepntad” om ithe Celebration ¢ 0 ! “sary: ‘of the New York i ae Gast dit Many text Bgures 1976. ss - EDITOR > | Vol. XIII-MARCH, 1921—No. 2 fi %, A Tye a he} XL ee, Y ay we 3 is ASSOCIATE EDITORS FRANKLIN s: EARLE . LARS ROMELL BRUCE FINK FRED J. SEAVER ROBERT A,HARPER ©. CORNELIUS L. SHEAR . THOMASH. MACBRIDE . TYOZABURO TANAKA -NARCISSE PATOUILLARD. : | ; ‘PUBLISHED BIMONTHLY FOR THE NEW. YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN et 4 By THE NEW ERA PRINTING COMPANY | Sie ERE fal iy, LANCASTER, PA. Batt, te ) té at be Ae CONTENTS : Massospora cicadina Peck . 2 |. Tha A nee Ty Sens Light- -colored Resupinate Polypores III. 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Additional covers, Aa) paces “Plates: 100 for $1.00. ee beds ey Se PAGs ; j Phacapeaue and Descriptions of Cupting ame “North Se iser American Species of Discina, . . . aye I ee sie a ae ayers Se Gate oF SAPO EES ia DG haa es F areas A as etc! BAT ot i + Gsonlan Inst uty = = ee VOLUME 13, PLATE 4 MycoLocia A CONVOLUTA Seaver DIScIN I. (Pers.)) Sacc: DISCINA ANCILIS 2 MYCOLOGIA Vou. XIII MARCH, 1921 Now 2: . PHOTOGRAPHS AND DESCRIPTIONS OF CUP-FUNGI—IX NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF DISCINA Frep J. SEAVER (WiTH PLATE 4) The genus Discina was established by Fries in 1849 as a mono- typic genus, having been segregated from the old genus Peziza and based on Peziza perlata of Fries which, so far as we can see, is identical with Pegiga ancilis of Persoon. The species is char- acterized by the thick waxy consistency and the expanded form ,of the apothecia. The spores of the species also furnish impor- tant diagnostic characters, although these were not mentioned by Fries when the genus was proposed. The spores are unusually large, strongly roughened at maturity, and provided with an apiculate appendage at either end. Although the genus originally contained a single species, it has been gradually enlarged until at present it contains a score or more of species, In fact, almost every species which shows a tendency to become repand or flattened has finally come to be placed in the genus Discina. After an extended study the writer, while recognizing the genus, is inclined to use it in a more restricted sense to include those large forms of cup-fungi which have appendiculate spores since the spore characters are more fixed and reliable than the mere form of the apothecia which is so susceptible to change. The genus would then include comparatively few but well marked species. [Mycotocia for January (13: 1-65) was issued February 3, 1921] 67 68 MYCOLOGIA The type species, Discina ancilis, a large and conspicuous fungus, is frequently collected from New York State west to Washington. A number of specimens have been received from J. R. Weir to whom the writer is indebted for the accompanying photograph. Peziza Warnei was described by C. H. Peck from material collected at Oneida, New York, by H. A. Warne. Ex- _ amination of some of this material in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden shows it to be identical with Discina ancilis. Discina leucoxantha is also a large and attractive species but is less frequently collected. It is readily recognized by its light color and by the truncate appendages which mark the spores. Several specimens have been received from Stewart H. Burn- ham, collected at Hudson Falls, New York. Other specimens from New York and Maryland have been examined. Discina convoluta differs in its extremely convolute hymenium. Whether this character is constant must be determined by future col- lections. Peziza apiculate of Cooke also doubtless belongs to Discina as here treated although the occurrence of this species in North America is somewhat doubtful. A very small specimen collected by B. O. Dodge in Bermuda has been doubtfully referred to this species. Also Peziza elaeodes of Clements seems to agree al- though no specimen has been seen. Doubtless other apiculate spored species of cup-fungi occur in North America and it is hoped that more will come to light. A synopsis of the North American species follows: 37. Disc1iNa Fries, Summa Veg. Scand. 348. 1849 Apothecia medium to large, sessile or short-stipitate, fleshy or waxy, light or dark-colored; asci cylindric or subcylindric, very long, usually showing a tendency to become spirally twisted ; spores ellipsoid, appendiculate and often sculptured, hyaline or faintly colored; spore appendages apiculate or truncate; paraph- yses rather stout. Type species, Discina perlata Fries. Apothecia dark-colored; spore appendages apiculate. Apothecia large, 6-7 cm. or more in diameter. 1. D: anc. SEAVER: PHOTOGRAPHS AND DESCRIPTIONS OF CUP-FUNGI 69 Apothecia medium sized, not exceeding 1.5 cm. in di- ameter. 2. D. apiculata. Apothecia bright-colored; spore appendages truncate. Hymenium strongly convolute. : 3. D. convoluta. Hymenium even or only slightly undulated. 4. D. leucoxantha. J. Disctna ANCILIS (Pers.) Sacc. Syll. Fung. 8: 103. 1899 Peziza ancilis Pers. Myc. Eu. I: 219. 1822. Peziza perlata Fries, Syst. Myc. 2: 43. 1822. Discina perlata Fries, Summa Veg. Scand. 348. 1849. Rhizina helvetica Fuckel, Symb. Myc. Nacht. 2: 66. 1873. Peziza Warnei Peck, Ann. Rep. N. Y. State Mus. 30: 59. 1878. Aieuria ancilis Gill. Champ. Fr. Discom. 36. 1879. Acetabula ancilis Lamb. Fl. Myc. Belg. 2: 573. 1880. Discina Warnei Sacc. Syll. Fung. 8: 102. 18809. Discinea ancilis Sacc. Syll. Fung. 8: 103. 1889. Discina helvetica Sacc. Syll. Fung. 8: 103. 1889. Apothecia gregarious or scattered, more rarely congested, short- stipitate, at first subglobose, soon becoming discoid, finally repand, at first regular in form, becoming irregular and often angular as the margin rolls back, externally whitish or pallid, reaching a diameter of 7 or 8 cm., or in rare cases as large as 20-25 cm.; hymenium uneven, often beautifully veined or convolute, plane or convex, usually umbilicate, dark-brown, finally almost black; stem very short and stout, often I-3 cm. in diameter and rarely exceeding: I cm. in length, or entirely wanting, more or less lacu- nose, whitish or overcast with a pinkish tint; asci cylindric or subcylindric, reaching a length of 300-350 and a diameter of 12-18 p, 8-spored ; spores obliquely I-seriate, very large, ellipsoid, hyaline, 12-14 X 30-35, or occasionally as long as 40,» includ- ing apiculi; at first smooth, becoming sculptured ; spore-sculptur- ing consisting of minute warts; spore appendages consisting of a minute apiculus 4-5) long and 3-4» broad at the base, one at either end of the spore; paraphyses strongly enlarged above, closely adhering together, dark yellowish-brown, reaching a diameter of Su. On the ground in coniferous woods, more rarely on rotten wood. fiver LOCALITY : Europe. DISTRIBUTION: New York to Washington, Oregon, and Colo- rado; also in Europe. PPUSTRATIONS: Ann: Rep’ N.Y. State, Mus: 30:. $i. ‘1, f fo—27; Boud.-Ic. Myc. pl. 252; Fuckel, Symb. Myc. Nacht. 2: 70 | MyYcoLoGIA f..24; Pat. Tab. Fung. f. 596; Cooke, Mycographia pi re2: - : 3715 Rab Krypt-bl 1 O22. . ExsiccaTi: Shear, New York Fungi 324: N. Am. Fungi 2622. 2. Discina apiculata (Cooke) Seaver, comb. nov. Peziza apiculata Cooke, Mycographia 175. 1877. Phaeopezia apiculata Sacc. Bot. Centr. 18: 218. 1884. Aleuria apiculata Boud. Hist. Class. Discom. Eu. 47. 1907. ? Peziza elaeodes Clements, Bot. Surv. Nebr. 5: 6. 1901. Apothecia scattered, sessile, at first cup-shaped, soon becom- ing discoid, fleshy, circular in outline not usually exceeding 1.5 cm. in diameter; hymenium dark brownish-black, slightly concave or nearly plane; asci cylindric or subcylindric, reaching a length of 200 and a diameter of 18, 8-spored; spores obliquely 1-seri- ate, with the ends overlapping, narrow-ellipsoid to fusoid, often with a small apiculus at either end, becoming pale brownish and often delicately sculptured, about 10 X 24, containing two large oil-drops; spore sculpturing consisting of minute warts; paraph- yses slender, adhering together at their apices, dark-brown. On damp soil. TYPE LOCALID «Maly: DisTRIBUTION: (Nebraska?) and (Bermuda?) ; alsoin Europe. ILLUSTRATIONS: Cooke, Mycographia pl. 70, f. 305.° 3. Discina convoluta Seaver, sp. nov. Apothecia gregarious or cespitose, very short-stipitata, becom- ing shallow cup-shaped or subdiscoid, externally whitish at the base, becoming yellowish upwards toward the margin, reaching a diameter of 6 cm.; hymenium yellowish-brown, very deeply convolute, the convolutions consisting of more or less radiating ribs or veins, resembling those of Pezizga venosa but more dis- tinct ; stem very short and stout, 1 cm. or more thick and usually not more than I cm. long, whitish, deeply corrugated ; asci cylin- dric or subcylindric, reaching a length of 400-500» and a diam- eter of 20p, 8-spored but a part of the spores often remaining undeveloped; spores I-seriate, with the ends usually overlapping, ellipsoid, becoming sculptured and appendiculate, 12-14 X 35-40; spore-sculpturing consisting of warts or short inter- rupted ridges which often approach very fine reticulations ; spore appendages consisting of a cup-like structure at each end; pa- raphyses stout, usually straight, reaching a diameter of 8p at their apices, densely filled with yellow granules. SEAVER: PHOTOGRAPHS AND DESCRIPTIONS OF CUP-FUNGI 71 On the ground in woods. Type collected in the woods near Yonkers, New York, May @2, 1010,by I. J. Seaver. | DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality. 4. DISCINA LEUCOXANTHA Bres. Rev. Myc. 4: 212. 1882 Peziza leucoxantha Bres. Fungi Trid. 42. 1881. Apothecia gregarious or substipitate, at first subglobose, ex- panding and becoming hemispheric or nearly plane, externally whitish, reaching a diameter of 4-7 cm., the margin regular or lobed; hymenium concave or nearly plane, even or undulated, bright-yellow or becoming yellowish-brown with age; stem about I cm. in diameter and scarcely exceeding 5 mm. in length, ir- regularly corrugated at the base, the flesh thick and brittle; asci cylindric or subcylindric, attenuated at the base, reaching a length of 400 and a diameter of 20», becoming twisted, 8-spored ; spores ellipsoid, smooth, containing one large oil-drop and sev- eral smaller ones, becoming minutely sculptured, 10-15 & 27-35 p; spore-sculpturing consisting of minute warts or occasionally minute ridges or indistinct reticulations; spore appendages con- sisting of truncate protuberances, one at either end of the spore; paraphyses slender, septate, branched, slightly enlarged above, filled with orange granules. On the ground in coniferous woods. TYPE LOCALITY: France. DiIsTRIBUTION: New York; also in Europe. ILLUSTRATIONS: Bres. Fungi Trid. pl. 44; Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. Bop t2; Boud,Ic.. Myc. pl. 253>-Rab. Krypim-b lor: 022: £.°5. New Yorxk Botanica GARDEN. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE 4 1. Discina convoluta Seaver. Two plants about natural size with draw- ings of a portion of an ascus with spores, paraphysis, and one spore isolated. 2. Discina ancilis (Pers.) Sacc. One plant showing the hymenial surface and one in profile both about natural size with drawing of a portion of an ascus with spores and paraphysis. All drawings made with the aid of the camera lucida. MASSOSPORA CICADINA PECK A Fungous Parasite of the Periodical Cicada A. T. SPEARE (WiTH PLATES 5 ‘AND 6) Among the enemies of the periodical cicada, Tibicina septen- decim (L.), none perhaps is of more interest than the fungus Massospora cicadina. It is of interest because to perpetuate itself upon a host of such extraordinary life habits, and so far as is known it occurs on no other host, it must likewise possess a very unusual mode of life. It is of interest also because its relation- ship to other entomogenous fungi has not been clearly understood up to the present time, and, like many other entomogenous forms, it is worthy of especial consideration because it attacks an insect of some economic importance. Although the organism was apparently first observed by Leidy (1850), the first description of it was published by Peck (1879). It seems probable that Peck observed the resting spores of the fungus as well as its conidia, but apparently he did not observe the processes associated with the formation of either of these types of reproductive bodies, and, lacking the information that a study of such stages would have afforded him, the organism was erroneously placed near Protomyces among the Comomycetes. Thaxter (1888) almost simultaneously with Forbes (1888), pub- lished a brief note in which the fungus was considered as a mem- ber of the Entomophthorales, but as only a few old dried speci- mens were available for study at the time, none of which showed the resting spores, he apparently did not feel fully justified in assigning it to this family of fung1. In addition to the above mentioned papers, several others have appeared such as those of Butler (1886) and Marlatt (1907), in which the gross appearance of the fungus and of the diseased cicadas was briefly described, but with the exception of the above 72 SPEARE: MASSOSPORA CICADINA PECK io mentioned brief note of Thaxter no other publication has ap- peared, as far as the writer is aware, in which the microscopic characters of the fungus have been considered. Like the host which it parasitizes, Massospora cicadina is, so far as is known, peculiar to America, and as a result, Europeans, to whom the fungus is known only by such fragmentary and in- complete references as those noted above, have been more or less confused in regard to the nature of the organism, Lakon (1919a), for example, classing it with Sorosporella agrotidis Sor. (Soro- sporella uvella (Krass.) Gd.) and Massospora staritzu Bresa- dola as “Unvollkommen bekannte Entomophthoreen bezw. als solche beschriebene Pilze.” During the summer of 1919, Brood X of the periodical cicada made its appearance in the vicinity of Washington, D. C., and an excellent opportunity was thus afforded the writer to study its fungous parasite. The later was first observed on May 31, about ten days after the first insects emerged from the earth, and from this date until the disappearance of the brood in the early part of July it was constantly present, though in no great abundance until after June 10. The resting spore as well as the conidial condition of the fungus was common about Washington, in 1919, but the latter was never as abundant as the former, and while it was often a difficult matter to collect during an afternoon a dozen cicadas showing conidia, during as many hours later in the season it was not dif- ficult to collect hundreds of specimens showing the resting spores. It should be noted, that both types of reproductive bodies were never found either simultaneously or consecutively in the same individual, and it was determined that the conidia and the resting spores occurred at different periods in the aérial life of the host, the former appearing exclusively in the early part of the season, the latter developing toward the end of the aerial exist- ence of the insect. It should be noted furthermore that the fun- gus seemed to be largely though not exclusively confined to the male insects. Despite the fact that infected insects were observed and collected many times during the season, not more than half a dozen parasitized females were observed. Whether or not the 74. MycoLoGiIA disproportionately large numbers of infected male individuals indicates a predisposition of the latter to attack by Massospora cicadina has not been determined but the present instance is not the only one of the kind for Giard (1888) records the same phe- nomenon in connection with a fungus upon Tipula paludosa, which he appropriately called Entomophthora arrenoctona.* Nevertheless it is a rather unusual condition and one that has not yet been satisfactorily explained. Not only is present fungus largely confined to male insects but in the resting spore condition at least, it seems furthermore, to parasitize spent individuals in most instances. In the closing days of the brood, when the females were busy ovipositing in the tree tops, it was observed that simul- taneously, the males occurred by hundreds, either dead upon the ground, or alive and feebly attempting to crawl from the ground up the trunks of trees. A very large percentage of such males were found upon examination to show the fungus parasite in some stage of resting spore development. It seems reasonable to conclude, as the large numbers of dead and dying males were found at a time when the females were laying eggs, that fer- tilization of the females had taken place in most instances and that the dead and dying males were largely spent individuals. It is not possible, however, to state whether or not the dead male insects found in early, or mid-season, in which it will be recalled conidia only occurred, had mated, but in any event such individ- uals were relatively few in numbers. An examination of the healthy as well as the infected male in- sects, particularly toward the end of the brood, showed that the anterior portion of the abdomen was invariably empty. The genitalia and nearly all of the other internal organs were concen- trated in the last four or five segments of the abdomen. This condition was also observed by Mr. R. E. Snodgrass of the Bureau of Entomology, who found furthermore that a sac was 1 It is perhaps appropriate at this time to point out that Dr. Roland Pitaxter, of Harvard University, who possesses the type of Entomophthora arrenoctona Giard, believes this fungus to be identical with Entomophthora caroliniana (Thaxt.). Although both descriptions were published in 1888, that of Thaxter appeared in April, and that of Giard some time after July 11. Hence the name Entomophthora caroliniana (haxt.) is the correct one and should be used for the fungus in question. SPEARE: MASSOSPORA CICADINA PECK 75 formed in the anterior portion of the abdomen which upon en- largement and inflation pushed the genitalia to the position indi- cated, and also pushed the intestine which normally in most insects lies close to the ventral abdominal wall to a position upon the dorsal wall. This sac becomes so large that it occupies the greater part of the abdomen, and in the opinion of Mr. Snod- grass it may act as an air reservoir in both sexes, and in addition, in the male, have a resounding function for the stridulatory ap- paratus. In any event a portion of the wall of this sac forms a septum across the body cavity, effectually separating the genitalia and other organs from the empty anterior portion of the abdomen, ~and the fungus which lives entirely upon the softer tissues of the insect’s body is therefore limited in its development to the last four or five segments of the body in which the genitalia and other similar organs are concentrated. As the conidial and the resting spore conditions do not occur * simultaneously in the same individual and as the insects in which conidia are formed present quite a different appearance from those in which resting spores occur, it seems advisable to con- sider each phase of development separately. CoNIDIAL DEVELOPMENT Infected individuals showing the conidial stages of the fungus appear in a way such as is illustrated on Plate 5, Fig. 1.2 Speci- mens such as those shown, were usually found lying dead upon the ground beneath trees, or in open roadways, although very often a similarly afflicted cicada was observed flying around in an unsteady manner, or crawling feebly about. Unfortunately no specimens showing an earlier phase of the disease were collected, and therefore while the method of formation of the conidia was followed in several instances, an earlier stage homologous to the “hyphal body” stage of other Entomophthorales was not ob- served. The fungus thus confined in its vegetative growth to the softer 2In the specimens shown the wings and legs were removed artificially in certain instances, in order better to expose the fungus mass for photographic purposes, and in the individuals shown on Plate 5, Fig. 2, a portion of certain of the abdominal rings was removed for the same purpose. 76 MYcOoLoGIA tissues in the posterior segments of the body of the host, ulti- mately destroys all such tissues, including the flexible interseg- mental membranes of the abdomen in this region. As a result of the complete destruction of these membranes the posterior ab- dominal segments slough off until a condition such as that illus- trated on Plate 5, Figs. 1 B and C is reached. The sloughing off process takes place progressively, beginning with the last segment and continues until four or more have been dropped, the last re- maining one marking the position of the septum referred to above. The insect does not die at the time the first segments are dropped. On the contrary it remains alive for a considerable period and continues to fly and crawl about from place to place. As far as the writer is aware such a sloughing off process, tak- | ing place while the host is alive, is quite unknown in other insects attacked by other members of the Entomophthorales, and in fact the phenomenon is so unusual that it has been noted by practically every person who has observed the disease in the field. The ap- © pearance of insects crawling and flying about with but two or three abdominal segments attached to the thorax, is indeed suf- ficiently striking to attract the attention of any one. The fungus mass, including the conidia, which morphologically is of endogenous origin, becomes exposed as fast as the body seg- ments of the host rot away, and the movements of the insect from place to place serve to disseminate the conidia in a way that could scarcely be improved by any natural method. It will be recalled that in most of the entomogenous entomophthorales, the conidia are borne upon conidiophores which bore their way outward through the body wall of the host, and that they are violently ejected from the conidiophores only after the host is dead and - therefore stationary. Although the conidia are thrown to some distance, such a method seems inefficient when it is compared with the process which takes place in the present instance, in which the live, actively moving infected host mingles promiscu- ously with its fellows. The fungus when intact forms a clay colored pustule like, granular mass at the tip of the abdomen. In certain individuals such as is shown on Plate 5, Fig. 1 C the pustule is quite large, SPEARE: MASSOSPORA CICADINA PECK | 77 assuming the size and conformation of that part of the abdomen which it formally occupied. In other specimens Plate 5, Fig. 1 B and D, the pustule is asymmetrical and ragged. Such speci- mens as the latter are evidently old ones, from which a large part of the conidia were detached when the hosts were alive and mov- ing about. Upon microscopic examination the pustule is found to be composed almost wholly of conidia, although if search is made deep within the mass close to the septum, conidiophores and the characteristic entomophthoroid hyphal fragments may also be seen. | As noted above, in the species of Entomophthora, the conidia are violently discharged from the conidiophores. In Massospora, however, the conidia are formed within the body of the host, and although they are cut off in the usual manner their ejection 1s prevented by the body wall of the insect, which when they are cut off is intact, and holds them in the approximate position in which they are produced. The conidia therefore cohere with one another and a mass is formed which upon disintegration of the intersegmental abdominal membranes is exposed, and assumes the form of a pustule such as is described above. The movement of the host at this period is perhaps the most important factor in loosening the segments of the abdomen, the membranes connect- ing which have been destroyed by the vegetative development of the fungus so that the movements of the insects not only serve to scatter the conidia of the fungus, but first free them from captivity. | The conidia are, so far as the writer has been able to determine, all of one type, which conforms in most respects to that of the other Entomophthorales. They are quite regularly oval in form, measuring 10-14 X 14-17 microns. The papilla, an outgrowth characteristic of the conidia of all members of the family, is usu- ally not prominent, though always noticeable. Occasionally it stands out conspicuously in a manner such as is shown on Plate 6, Fig. A. Unlike other members of the family, however, the conidial walls are regularly verrucose, which condition renders them unique in appearance. It should be noted, however, that there is a tendency for them to lose the warted appearance if they are permitted to remain in water for a short time. 78 MycoLocia The method of formation of the conidia and the manner in which they are cut off seems quite like the analogous processes in other species and need not be discussed here. When viable conidia were placed upon a slide in a moist cham- ber, or when they were sewn upon a-nutrient agar, germination usually took place in a manner such as is illustrated on Plate 6, Figs. 2-3, namely, by one or more rather stout, long, germ. tubes. Occasionally, however, a single rather stout germ tube arose, the terminal portion of which became swollen, Plate 6, Fig D, as though to form a secondary conidium, but at this point develop- ment invariably ceased. In connection with the germination tests, attempts were made to grow the fungus artificially. The media used were potato agar, Molische’s agar, oat agar, and nutrient beef broth. In addition to these nutrients, the genitalia and other organs, upon which the fungus normally grows in nature, were removed asep- tically from live, healthy cicadas and employed without steriliza- tion, for the same purpose. No growth of the fungus was ob- tained, however, upon either the unsterilized tissues from freshly killed insects, or upon the other nutrients noted above. ~ The conidia when placed in a suitable situation germinate with great rapidity, a growth such as that illustrated on Plate 6, Fig. B-C, taking place within three hours, but after such a short, rapid, preliminary growth development ceased in every instance in the writer’s tests. RESTING SPORE DEVELOPMENT Up to the present time resting spores have not been definitely associated with the organism in question, although Peck (1879) vaguely described bodies, which Thaxter (1888) subsequently tentatively regarded as resting spores. In the light of these in- vestigations furthermore, it likewise appears that many of the early notes about the fungus contain references to the resting spore condition, although the descriptions were of such a nature that they might have applied equally well to the conidial growth. As noted above the resting spore condition, which was never found associated with the conidial condition, was very prevalent SPEARE: MASSOSPORA CICADINA PECK 79 about Washington in 1919, from 50-90 per cent of the male in- sects showing this stage of the fungus during the latter part of the season. | In its vegetative growth prior to the production of resting spores, the fungus destroys the intersegmental abdominal mem- branes of the host, as it does in the conidial phase of the develop- ment just considered, and there is a similar sloughing off of the abdominal segments. The septum described above, across the body cavity of the insect, which normally persists in insects af- fected with the conidial growth is, however, destroyed in most instances during the formation of the resting spores, and al- though these bodies arise upon the soft tissues concentrated in the last four or five posterior segments of the body, they may be found, owing to the absence of the septum, in some numbers, within the otherwise empty anterior portion of the abdomen. The resting spore-mass which is, nevertheless, largely confined to the posterior segments, presents a granular appearance and is of a sulphur yellow color, tinged with green when young, but it assumes a dark brown color when the resting spores are mature. These bodies are less coherent in the mass than are the conidia, and as a result they are scattered about by the movements of the host much more freely. It was in fact not uncommon to observe an infected individual in which the empty body cavity formed one continuous passage from the last abdominal segment to the head, with two or three of its abdominal segments missing, actively crawling or flying about. In this respect the appearance of cicadas showing the resting spores, differs from those showing the conidial growth, because it will be recalled there occurs in the latter a persistent fungus stroma closely associated with the above-mentioned septum, which after the abdominal segments have been dropped, remains as a continuous partition across the abdomen. It can therefore be readily seen that, though both of the repro- ductive phases have many characteristics in common, there are nevertheless certain characters by which one phase may be readily distinguished from the other merely by a superficial ex- amination. SO MYCOLOGIA Microscopically the mature resting spores, or as they perhaps should be called, azygospores, appear as spherical, slightly brown- ish bodies, the outer wall of which is beautifully reticulated in a manner such as is shown on Plate 6, Fig. T. They are remark- ably uniform in size, mesauring 38-48 microns in diameter, averaging 44 microns. Unfortunately all stages in the development of these azygospores were not seen in fresh material and particularly those stages as- sociated with the transfer of protoplasmic material from the byphal body to the resting spore. Alcoholic material, which it may be stated was all collected in the daytime, indicates, how- ever, that the process is a non-sexual one, and that the azygo- spores arise as buds or outgrowths upon the hyphal bodies into which, as they enlarge, flows the entire protoplasmic contents of the hyphal body, the empty and evanescent walls of which some- times remain attached to the mature resting spores. The writer showed (Speare, 1912) in connection with Ento- mophthora pseudococct that the presence or absence of daylight, at the time of maturity of the hyphal bodies, predetermined to a large extent the type of reproductive body that was formed, and that the azygospores of the fungus in question, could be pro- duced at will, by placing artificial cultures of the fungus in a dark situation a few hours before the hyphal bodies were ready to “germinate.” It would therefore seem reasonable, if one de- sired to collect the early resting spore stages in such a similar form as Massospora cicadina, to search for them during the night, yet, inadvertently no collections were made at this time in the present investigation. Nevertheless, the alcoholic material shows with reasonable certainty that no sexual process is pres- ent, and that the development of the resting spores, conforms quite well with the development of the azygospores in other members of the family such as Entomophthora aulicae Reich. The resting spores of Massospora cicadina like the analogous bodies of many other of the entomogenous species of the family have never been seen to germinate. In the writer’s tests a num- ber of them were heated at varying degrees of temperature, anda | number were permitted to remain out-of-doors all winter, yet no SPEARE: MASSOSPORA CICADINA PECK oa] germination was observed, when, after such treatment they were suspended in a drop of water in Van Tieghem cells. Similar negative results were obtained in attempts to germinate resting spores that had previously been treated with dilute hydrochloric acid for a short time. | The writer has obtained no information in these studies re- garding the manner by which Massospora cicadina passes the 16 | years and 9 months’ subterranean existence of its host. That it lives during this period either on the larvae of T. septendecim, or on other similar biennial cicadas seems the reasonable suppo- sition, yet there is no evidence at hand to support this theory. It is probable that when it has been determined how, for example, Entomophthora muscae and other species that are not known to form resting spores, live over winter (see Lakon, 1919 b), infor- mation will be at hand that will be of value in solving the peculiar conditions involved in the present instance. From the economic viewpoint it must be stated that if the fungus is confined largely to spent males and does not attack and kill the larvae (the writer observed it only on adult individuals), its importance as a natural check to the spread of this insect is almost negligible. Investigation should be made, however, of larvae two or three years before their emergence in order to de- termine whether or not the fungus is present. These studies show, it is hoped, that there can no longer be any question regarding the relationship of Massospora cicadina to other entomogenous Entomophthorales, and that while it is a very distinct form in many respects, it falls quite naturally into the above mentioned family. BuREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY, UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, D. €. LITERATURE CITED Butler, A. W. 1886. The periodical cicada in Southwestern Indiana. Bul. 12, Divawent. U.S. Dept,.Agrt, July, 1886, p. 24. Forbes, S. A. 1888. On the present state of our knowledge concerning insect diseases. Psyche, Vol. V, p. 3. Giard, A. 1888. Fragmentes Biologiques XI, Sur Quelques Entomophthorees. Bull. Scient. de la Fr. et Belg. Tome, XIX, p. 298. Lakon, G. 1919a. Die Insektenfeinde aus der Familie der Entomophthoreen. Zeit. f. Angew. Entom., Bd. V, 1919, p. 186. Sere MyYcoLocIA Lakon,G. t919b. Bemerkungen tiber die Uberwinterung von Empusa muscae. Zeit. f. Angew. Ent., Bd. V, p. 287, 1oro. Leidy, J. 1850. (Note on fungus disease of eee septendecim.) Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Vol. 5, 1850-51, p. 235. Marlatt, C. L. - 1907. :The periodical cicada. Bull. 71, Burs of Hint, Uys. Dept. Agri. Peck, C. 1879. Massospora cicadina n.g. et sp. Thirty-first Report of State Botanist of New: York, p. 44. Speare, A. T. 1912. Fungus parasites of insects injurious to sugar cane. Bull. 12, Path. Ser. Hawaiian Sugar Planters’ Experiment Station, Hono- lulu, Hawaii. Speare, A. T. 1919. The fungus parasite of the periodical cicada. Science, s., Vol. i, No: 1283; p. 116; August, 1919: Thaxter, R. 1888. The Entomophthoreae of the United States. Mem. Bost. Soe. Nat. Hist.;-Vol. IV, Nos Vi, p.-200: EXPLANATION OF PLATES PLATES Fig. 1. Specimens of Tibicina septendecim showing the conidia of Masso- spora cicadina. Although certain organs of these insects were removed arti- ficially, the abdomen with the attached fungus mass is shown in each instance exactly as it was observed in the field. Fig. 14 is a female individual and shows an unusually large conidial mass. X 1. Fig. 2. Specimens of Tibicina septendecim showing the resting spares of M. cicadina. In Fig. 2A a portion of the anterior four abdominal segments were removed artificially. Fig. 2B shows the fungus mass within the abdomen, viewed from a posterior position. X 1. PLATE 6 Figs. A, E, F. Conidia of Massospora cicatlina. - X 1048. ° Figs. 8, C,°D..”-Conmidia germinating. 7 esos. Fig. G. Optical cross section of conidium showing its thick ale x 1048. Fig. H. A group of conidiophores. X 568. Figs. J; J)-K,. L.. Selected conidiophores showing the method of fonmatiod of the conidia, )>< 568. Fig. M. Gourd shaped hyphal bodies associated with the resting spore con- dition, . X-268: Figs. N, O. Young resting spores with hyphal bodies attached. X 268. Figs. P, S. Young resting spores with hyphal bodies attached. X 532. Fig. QO. A stage in resting spore development intermediate between those shown ‘in Pigs., P and 7.) <6 3 2: ; Fig. R. Apparently an encysted hyphal body. xX 532. Fig. T. Mature resting spore. X 568. Figs, U, V. Hyphal elements of unknown origin and function found asso- ciated with the resting spore condition. XX 568. Fig. W. A portion of one of the tube-like genital organs, showing resting spores and hyphal bodies adhering. X 62. Fig. X. Optical cross section of a resting spore in about the stage of de- velopment shown in Fig. Q. X 532. MYCOLOGIA ; VOLUME 13, PLATE 5 1. (Above.) Conip1a on TIBICINA 2. RESTING SPORES ON TIBICINA 0 MyYco.Locia VOLUME 13, PLATE 6. MASSOSPORA CICADINA Peck LIGHT-COLORED RESUPINATE POLY PORES—IITI WILLIAM A. MuRRILL The last number of this series, which appeared in MycoLocia for November, 1920, dealt chiefly with white species. In the present article, I shall mainly discuss species that are rose-colored, lilac, red, or purple; or that show tints of these colors. 48. Porta EUPORA (P. Karst.) Cooke, Grevillea 14: 110. 1886 Polyporus euporus P. Karst. Not. Sallsk. Faun. Fl. Fenn. 9: 360. 1868. Polyporus attenuatus Peck, Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci. 1: 61. te73; Ann. Rep. N. Y. State Mus. 26: 70. 1874. Polyporus Blyttu Fries, Hymen. Eur. 571. 1874. tora biyit P. Karst. Bidr. Finl. Nat. Folk 37:83. 1882. Poria attenuata Cooke, Grevillea 14: 110. 1886. Originally described as follows from specimens collected on dead willow wood in Finland by Karsten, who notes that it is not rare: “Effusus, adhaerens vel adnatus, tenuis, submicans, ambitu byssaceo-contextu albo; pori minuti, subangulati, demum saepius laceri, curti, testaceo-lutei.”’ The type of P. Blytiu is at Christiania. At Upsala I found two specimens under this name, one white and the other rosy-isabel- line, the latter being the correct one. According to Bresadola, Polyporus collabens Fries and P. emollitus Fries are forms of P. Blyttu Fries, and his statement appears to be supported by orig- inal specimens in his herbarium. Specimens from Karsten show that P. ewporus is not distinct. It may be that the name here used will have to give way to P. nitida Pers. See discussion under that species. The most complete description of this fungus is that recently 83 84 MyYCOLOGIA published by Overholts, the various original descriptions being | brief and inadequate. He finds the spores 3-4x2-3p and the cystidia 60-80x7.5-10u. Bresadola measured the spores as AMA 5 i225) | This species occurs on linden, poplar, oak, birch, beech, wil- low, etc., in Europe; and in this country on maple, oak, witch hazel, alder, willow, linden, ironwood, and certain other decidu- ous trees. I have found it very common on red maple. A speci- men from Bresadola collected by Eichler on Pinus sylvestris exactly agrees with ours on maple in gross characters, and Bresa- dola finds the spores to be the same, but the cystidia less abundant. Peck’s variety swbincarnata occurs on hemlock, but this is a dis- tinct species. Ellis, N. Am. Fungi 921; Canada, Faull 47, 49, Macoun 306 (177), 41, 121, 133, T41, 145, 223, 307, 458, 490; Newtoundland, Waghorne 691; Maine, Murrill 1747, 2010, 2167; Vermont, Burt; © New Hampshire, Underwood; Connecticut, Underwood 550; New York, Cook, 93, Murrill 64, Underwood, Van Hook (Cor- nell University 7596), Van Hook & Smith (Cornell University 8067); Pennsylvania, Everhart & Haines, Herbst, Sumstine 63; Ohio, James 10,.Lloyd 379, 2788, 2789, 3116, Morgan 77, 81; In- diana, Underwood; Iowa, Holway 208; Florida, Calkins. 49. Porta vincta (Berk.) Cooke, Grevillea 14: T10. 1886 Polyporus vinctus Berk. Ann, Mag. Nat. Hist. I]. 9: 196. 1852. Polyporus carneopallens Berk. Hook. Jour. Bot. 8: 235. 1856. ?Polyporus Fendleri Berk. & Curt. Jour. Linn, Soc. 10: 317. 1868. . Polyporus epilinteus Berk. & Br. Jour. Linn. Soc. 14: 55. 1875. Described as follows from specimens collected by Salle in Santo Domingo and still preserved at Kew: “Totus resupinatus, centro crassiusculus margine tenuis sub- liberatus supra sanguineo-tinctus; poris minimis pallidis con- textu lignicolori. Sallé, no. 34. On dead wood. “ Spreading for many inches over the decayed wood, 2 lines or more thick in the centre, very thin at the extreme margin, where the upper surface is separable, smooth, and stained with blood- color. Pores scarcely visible to the naked eye, pallid, a line or more long; dissepiments thin; substance wood-color.”’ MurriLL: LIGHT-COLORED RESUPINATE POLYPORES S5 P. carneopallens was described from Spruce’s collections in Brazil, P. Fendleri from Fendler’s collections in Venezuela, and P. epilinteus from Ceylon. According to Cooke, one of the orig- inal type specimens of the last species has orange mycelium while the two others are without it. Poria cassicola Bres., recently de- scribed from Brazil, is nearly related. Poria lilacina Speg., col- lected by Balansa in Paraguay, is apparently not distinct. This species is rosy-isabelline when fresh, like P. eupora, with which it is easily confused. It occurs throughout tropical regions on dead wood of orange, acacia, etc., as indicated in the follow- ing collections: Mexico, Murrill 238, 622, 869, 976,979, 1029, 1045, 1187, II90; Mexico or Nicaragua, Smith 244; Nicaragua, Smith 65a; Cuba, Earle & Murrill So, 210, 325, Horne 197, Underwood & Earle 1208; Porto Rico, Johnston 430, Johnston & Stevenson 1495, Stevenson 2888, 2910, 3362; Danish West Indies, Raunkiaer 138, 171, 188, 239, 249, 264; Jamaica, Underwood 3287, Murrill &. Harris 942, Murrill 37, 184, 228, 2H, PAO eR a Orie 100. 2L0 Venezuela, Fendler; South America, Gaillard 65; Ceylon; also from New Zealand and Perak. 50. Poria albirosea sp. nov. Effused for several centimeters, continuous, inseparable; mar- gin appressed, membranous, white to rosy-isabelline, becoming inconspicuous with age; context pallid, a mere membrane; hy- menium slightly uneven, not glistening, pallid to rosy-isabelline, becoming pale-chestnut-colored in spots when bruised or handled ; tubes rigid, rather regular, angular, 3-4 to a mm., reaching 2 mm. in length, edges rather thin, entire; spores ovoid, smooth, hyaline, 5X 3H. Type collected on well-rotted deciduous wood at Fern Hollow, - Pennsylvania, July 13, 1906, David R. Sumstine 70. Also col- lected at three different times on dead wood in Canada by Macoun (probably near Ottawa), and at Wilmington, Delaware, Com-_ mons 2672. Langlois’ No. 2543, from St. Martinsville, Louis- iana, may belong here, but the tubes seem rather small. 86 MycoLociIA 51. Poria subundata sp. nov. Effused for several centimeters, becoming continuous, closely appressed, inseparable, thin; margin inconspicuous, thin, ap- pressed, white, soon disappearing; context pallid, not apparent in age; hymenium very oblique, beautifully undulated, not glis- tening, cremeous to pale-rosy-isabelline; tubes small, rigid, regu- lar in size and shape, angular, 5 to a mm., I mm. or less long, edges thin, entire; spore characters not satisfactorily determined. Type collected on a decayed standing stub of a hardwood tree in wet woods on Cooper’s Ranch at the base of El Yunque Moun- tain, Baracoa, Cuba, March, 1903, 2. Underwood & F. S. Earle 1168. Also collected on decayed hardwood in Troy and Tyre, Jamaica, January, 19090, W. A. Murrill & W. Harris 1012. 52. Poria subincarnata (Peck) sp. nov. Poria attenuata subincarnata Peck, Ann. Rep. N. Y. State Mus. AS: F162) 1807. Briefly described by Peck as follows, from specimens collected _on fallen branches of Tsuga canadensis at Alcove, New York, by C.L. Shear in November, 1893: “This differs from the typical form in the paler color of the pores. It grows on hemlock bark and forms small patches rarely more than I inch in diameter.” Overholts has described it at length after studying type ma- terial and specimens recently collected by himself in New Hamp- shire. He finds the spores allantoid, hyaline, 4-5 x 1 p;, cystidia none. I have a number of collections—on fir, hemlock, Cupres- sus thyoides, alder, maple, etc—all of which appear to be iden- tical with the type at Albany. Various specimens collected by me in Maine and New York appeared milk-white to buff with an in- carnate tint when fresh and are now pale-rosy-isabelline in the herbarium. Thin forms of Poria eupora from Karsten collected on willow greatly resemble this species at first glance, but under a hand lens they show darker and more rosy tints, while the microscope reveals their strikingly different spore characters. Ellis & Everhart, Fungi Columb. 1; Canada, Macoun 289, 570; Newfoundland, Waghorne 29; Maine, Murrill 1925 ,1985, 1988, MuRRILL: LIGHT-COLORED RESUPINATE POLYPORES 87 | 1980; New Hampshire, Underwood; New York, Murrill 2708, Shear; New Jersey, Ellis. 53. Poria Dodgei sp. nov. Widely effused, continuous, inseparable, thick; margin con- spicuous, but narrow in age, appressed, membranous, pale-rosy- isabelline; context membranous, rosy-fulvous; hymenium even, somewhat glistening, rosy-isabelline to rosy-fulvous; tubes rigid, quite regular, angular, rosy-fulvous within at maturity, 2-4 to a mm., reaching 5 mm. in length, edges thin, subentire; spores elongate, smooth, hyaline, 5.5 x 2.5 pu. Type collected on a decayed coniferous log at Krohns Lake, near Algoma, Wisconsin, by B. O. Dodge. 54. PoRIA INCARNATA (Alb. & Schw.) Cooke, Grevillea 14: 112. 1886 Boletus incarnatus Alb. & Schw. Consp. Fung. 250. 1805. Polyporus incarnatus Fries, Syst. Myc. 1: 379. 1821. I have good specimens from Sweden and Trent, the latter col- lected by Bresadola-on dead trunks of larch. Specimens from Florida sent to Ellis by Calkins and determined by Cooke as this species were compared by me with material at Upsala and found to be distinct. Underwood, while at Kew, studied plants from South Carolina in this connection and said that they seemed the same as specimens from Sweden. -Poria Dodge is nearly related. Ba ORIA UNDATA (Pers..).'Bres. Ann, Myc, 1: 78. 1903 Polyporus undatus Pers. Myc. Eur. 2: go. pl. 16, f. 3. 1825. Polyporus cinctus Berk. Outl. Brit. Fungol. 250. 1860. Polyporus subliberatus Berk. & Curt. Jour. Linn. Soc. 10: 318. 1868. | Polyporus Broome: Rab. Fungi Eur. 2004. 1876. Folyporus odorus Peck, Ann. Rep. N. Y. State Mus. 38: 92. 1885. Not P. odorus Sommerf. Suppl. FI. Lapp. 275. 1826; Fries, Elench. Fung. 1: 90. 1828. Poria nigrescens Bres. Atti Accad. Roverto III. 3: 83. 1897. This species, so common in America, is usually labeled “ Poria 88 MyYcOLoGIA callosa”’ or “ Poria corticola,’ from both of which it is very dis- tinct. Peck described it from specimens collected on spruce logs at Osceola, New York, and referred to its strong, disagreeable . odor; but his name does not appear to have been known or used outside of the state herbarium. The earliest tenable name applied to it seems to be that of Per- soon, who described it from a specimen collected by Chaillet on dead wood. His colored figure shows the “waves” in the hyme- nium which suggested the name. Bresadola seemed to think in - 1903 that Fries misapplied the name Polyporus vitreus Pers. to this species, and his opinion is supported by a specimen from Karsten collected on Pinus sylvestris. Another note I have from him, however, is to the effect that Poria vitrea Pers. is not spe- cifically distinct from P. undata, but that the former is smooth and the latter an undulate variety. I see no difference between types of Poria nigrescens Bres. and specimens collected by Over- holts at Oxford, Ohio. This blackening is not common and ‘seems to be associated with thick, old forms which have “ re- vived”’ the second or third year. Fresh specimens are described as “ pure-white,” “yellow,” “reddish-flesh-colored,” etc., and as separating readily from the matrix. With specimens collected by Overholts on beech logs in Ohio are the following notes: “Effused, separable, orbicular at first, then irregular, peren- nial, 2-3 mm. thick; margin thin, free, sterile, narrow, cottony, white; context inconspicuous; hymenium plane, gray, yellowish in weathered specimens; tubes stratified, pallid within, 2 mm. long each season; mouths circular, small, 6-7 to a mm., edges thin, entire; spores globose, smooth, hyaline, 3 in diameter.” Few species have such a wide distribution and find themselves ‘at home on so many widely different hosts. Elm, beech, alder, orange, white oak, shingle oak, hemlock, spruce, fir, pine, Douglas spruce, and other trees are found mentioned as furnishing sub- strata for it; while the following list of specimens will indicate its distribution : Barth. Fungi Columb. 5042; Rab. Fungi Eur. 20077 Zopt & Syd. Myc. Mar. 5; England, Plowright ; Finland, Karsten; Ber- MurRILL: LIGHT-COLORED RESUPINATE POLYPORES 89 lin, Braun, Hennings, Magnus, Sydow ; Hungary, Kmet; Canada, Dearness 699B, 1113, 2046, Macoun 107; New Hampshire, Wil- son; New York, Ames, Atkinson 22767, Ballou, Underwood, Van Hook (Cornell University 8255); New Jersey, Ellis; Pennsyl- vania, Banker, Sumstine 1, 6, 16, 17, 19, Be. 56; Delaware, Com- mons 2673; Ohio, Gentry, Hard (Cornell University 19618), Lloyd 1728, Overholts 23, 70; Indiana, Underwood, Van Hook 2192; Missouri, Demetrio 629; Arkansas, Long 19834; Cali- fornia, Harper, Johnston 253, 255; North Carolina, Townsend (Cornell Umiversity 5734); Alabama, Earle and Underwood; Mississippi, Bartholomew 5782; Louisiana, Langlois 48, 183, f725, 2431.; Florida, Calkins $53; Cuba, Berle 751, Horne 197, Underwood & Earle 745A; Danish West Indies, Raunkiaer 172; Panama Catial Zone, Beitfel. | 560. PorrA BORBONICA Pat. Jour. de Bot. 4: 198. 1890 Originally described as follows from specimens collected on bark on Reunion Island: “Resupiné, dur, compact, entierement gris de souris, marge nulle. Tubes obliques, longs de 5 millimetres, implantés direct- ment sur le support; pores petits, arrondis, ou ovales allongés, en- tiers, a cloisons minces. Mycélium blanc, floconneux, abondant, entourant la plante d’une large bordure soyeuse. “Plante formant des plaques denses, larges de 10-20 centi- metres. Le mycélium pénetre profondément dans l’écorce et donne naissance a des couches blanches a la maniére du Poria corticola.” This species is widely distributed and quite common in tropical regions on dead trunks of mango, cocoanut, etc. When young and fresh, the hymenium is very light russet with a glaucous bloom. The following specimens have been examined: Cuba, Baker 3885, Earle 265, 653, Earle & Murrill 338, 484, 492; Porto Rico, Britton, Brown & Cowell 5360, Johnston 678, Johnston & Stevenson 1502, 1606, Santingo 33; Jamaica, Earle 220, 547, 550, Murrill 14, 61, 139, 1124, 1144, Underwood 3470; Danish West Indies, Raunkiaer 128, 133, 135, 176, 105; Mont- peitar, Vest Indies, Shafer 902; Guadeloupe, Duss 7; Africa, Dusen. : 90 MycoLociIa Owing to the difficulty in finding spores, I can not say posi- tively that the specimens listed below from Florida and adjacent states are the same as those given above. They are very similar, but without the glaucous bloom, which may have been removed by some treatment to destroy insects. Ellis & Everhart, N. Am. Fungi 2304; Louisiana, Langlois 1274, 1736, 1879, 2544, 2545, 2552; Florida, Calkins 20, 635, 644, 704. 57. PORIA LATERITIA Pat. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr.-153\ 200.2 1809 Described as follows from specimens collected by Duss on a dead trunk of Symplocos martinicensts in Guadeloupe: “ Larges plaques dures, ligneuses, planes ou a peine bosselées, grises a la surface, rouge brique a l’intérieur; pores superficiels (100 uw de profondeur), trés petits (50-65 » de diametre), angu- leux-sinueux, irréguliers, a cloisons minces, rigides, de 20-30.u d’épaisseur, grises dans leur portion libre avec la tranche blan- chatre, souvent incompletes et prenant alors l’aspect irpicoide. Trame €paisse de 1 a 3 millim., brique, dure, traversée par les cloisons. | “Espece distincte de P. aurantiotingens par sa trame rouge brique et non brune ou noiratre.” I have specimens from Duss (No 592) collected on Symplocos and also a fine collection made on Fergus Mountain, Montserrat, January 30, 1907, J. A. Shafer 856. The latter specimens show the cinereous hymenial surface and the brick-red, stratose interior so characteristic of the species, as well as a handsome, smooth, dark-brown border encircling the fungus. 58. PorRIA SANGUINOLENTA (Alb. & Schw.) Cooke, Grevillea 14: 112. 1886 | Boletus sanguinolentus Alb. & Schw. Consp. Fung. 257. 1805. Polyporus sanguinolentus Fries, Syst. Myc 1: 383. 1821. The only American specimen that appears to belong here is one collected on rotten wood at Ottawa, Canada, by Macoun, February 10, 1883. Ellis collected specimens on oak at Newfield, New Jersey, which resemble authentic material, but their identity MurRILL: LIGHT-COLORED RESUPINATE POLYPORES 9] is in doubt. His N. A. F. 7306, on cedar, seems to me distinct, although it was milk-white when young and fresh. Specimens collected by me on spruce near Stockholm, Sweden, in 1910, and determined by Romell, as well as by comparison with specimens from Karsten, were described by me in the field as follows: “Margin milk-white, slightly ragged and cobwebby; hymenium discolored at the center with brownish-chestnut tints as though bruised or stained with blood. The discolorations are not bril- liant, however, but look more like old blood stains.” Bresadola reports the species from Hungary on poplar, beech, and walnut. Specimens from Poland on pine are said by him to be much thinner and quite distinct in appearance, being very sim- ilar to P. violacea, with which he says this form is often con- fused. According to him, the spores are 6-8 x 2-2.5, and the hymenophore is at first white, then stained with red, drying in- | carnate, and becoming purple or violet-fuscous in the herbarium. His idea of the species is quite different from Romell’s and Karsten’s, and specimens so named from him appear very similar to P. purpurea. Krieger, Fungi Sax. 421; Roum. Fungi Gall. 3173; Sweden, Murrill; Finland, Karsten; Belgium, Bommer & Rousseau; Sax- ony, Krieger; Canada, Macoun 130. 59. Poria Bracei sp. nov. Widely effused over the soil or decayed organic matter, fol- lowing the irregularities of the surface and reviving from year to year until it forms extensive mats a centimeter or more thick ; -margin very broad and conspicuous, membranous, persistent, pale- wine-colored to lilac or rose-colored; context conspicuous, be- coming rose-bay with age; hymenium appearing in patches, but soon continuous and fairly even, roseous to darker, not glisten- ing; tubes regular in size and shape, roseous to darker within, I—2 mm. long each season, mouths circular, 4 to a mm., edges rather thick, entire; spores globose, hyaline, 4 u. Type collected on the bottom of a barrel at Nassau, New Providence, Bahamas, in 1918, L. J. K. Brace 9504. Also col- lected on dead wood at Nassau, December 15, 1918, Brace 9764; on the ground at Nassau, in 1904, Brace 836%2; and on the 92 MycoLocIA ground at Rio Piedras, Porto Rico, February 229 7o04 Johnston & J. A. Stevenson 1427. 60. PoRIA VIOLACEA (Fries) Cooke, Grevillea 14: 112. 1886 Polyporus violaceus Fries, Obs. Myc. 2: 263. 1818. _ According to Bresadola, this very rare species is scarcely known by mycologists, even Fries himself confusing it with other species. The color, he says, is constant, dilute-violet ; subiculum exceedingly thin; tubes 2 to a mm., very short, resembling those of Merulius : spores hyaline, 5x2.5-3. Specimens collected by him at Trent on Abies resemble very closely what I am calling Poria purpurea, but Bresadola says that the spores of the latter species measure 7-8x 2-2.5m and are cylindric-curved. Speci- mens labeled Poria violacea by Ellis and others have a distinct subiculum and differ in other ways. See Poria taxicola. 61. PoRIA PURPUREA (Hall.) Cooke, Grevillea 14: 112. 1886 Polyporus purpureus Fries, Syst. Myc. 1: 379. 1821. Boletus llacinus Schw. Schr. Nat. Ges. Leipzig 1: 74. 1822. ?Polyporus oxydatus Berk. & Curt. Jour. Linn. Soe re: 357, 1868. | | This is No. 2274 in Haller’s list of Switzerland plants, col- lected on beech logs. Specimens described by Schweinitz were collected in North Carolina. The distribution in America is indi- cated by the list of specimens below, many of which have been called Poria micans Ehrenb., a species not found in America, but, according to Bresadola, well represented by P. albocarneo-gilvidus Romell, collected on oak in Sweden and distributed by Romell. The American hosts of P. purpurea are red maple, magnolia, sycamore, live oak, and pine. Canada, Dearness 1075, Macoun 141; New York, Cook; Pennsylvania, Witte 35; West Virginia, Nuttall 223; Ohio, Lloyd 2811, Morgan 90; Indiana, Underwood; Colorado, Cockerell 76; Kansas, Bartholomew 2060, Kellerman & Swingle 1381; Oregon, Murrill 926; California, McClatchie 1071, Parish 2975, Parks 1022. MurriL_L: LIGHT-COLORED RESUPINATE POLYPORES 93 In addition to the above, there are a few specimens which I can not definitely connect up with this species without having more stages. They appear to be young and are distinctly lilac in the dried state, with smaller tubes than those of typical P. pur-. purea, reminding one strongly of Poria aurantio-canescens P. Henn., found on poplar in Berlin. Pennsylvania, Murrill 1190; Delaware, Commons 2163; Ohio, Lloyd 3560, Morgan 325. 62. Poria subbadia sp. nov. Irregularly effused for several centimeters, becoming con- tinuous, closely adhering, rather thin; margin thin, appressed, arachnoid, white to rosy-isabelline, inconspicuous with age; con- text white to rose-colored; at first a mere membrane on which the tubes appear in patches, scarcely apparent in mature specimens ; hymenium very uneven, not glistening, testaceous to pale-bay in dried specimens; tubes irregular, angular, collapsing to some ex- tent, 2-3 to a mm., I mm. long, edges thin, becoming lacerate- dentate; spores smooth, ellipsoid, distinctly roseous under the microscope, 5X3». Type collected by L. M. Underwood ona dead trunk at Auburn, Alabama, in February, 1896. Also collected in Bermuda on dead fiddlewood, December, 1912, Brown, Britton, & Seaver 1418. 63. PoRIA MUTANS TENUIS Peck, Ann: Rep. N. Y. State Mus. 43: 39. 1890 Collected by Peck on spruce at Sevey, New York, in July. Little can be added to what Peck and Overholts have published about this plant until more mature specimens have been found and studied. After a careful examination of type material, I must conclude with Overholts that the variety seems quite dis- tinct from P. mutans, being much thinner, softer, and differently colored. It differs from P. purpurea in color and in having a distinct subiculum; and from P. tavicola in color and in the shape of its tubes, although having a similar, well-developed subiculum. Compare Poria nitida Pers. Q4 MYCOLOGIA 64. Porta NITIDA (Pers.) Cooke, Grevillea 14: 110. 1886 Boletus nitidus Pers. Obs. Myc. 2: 15. pl. 4, f. t. 1790. According to Bresadola, Persoon’s original plant is quite dis- tinct from Fries’ interpretation of it. An excellent specimen col- lected on pine in Poland was recently sent me by Bresadola and I find it strikingly similar to Poria mutans.tenuis Peck. The spec- imens so labeled in American herbaria are mostly confused with P. eupora and P. vincta. Poria nitida crocea Schw. at Paris from French Guiana is near P. spissa. In his paper on Poland fungi, Bresadola gives the following description of P. nitida: “Subiculum ut plurimum manifestissimum, usque ad 6 mm crassum, aurantiacum, in magis evolutis basi album, in exsiccatis saepe roseum, ex hyphis crasse tunicatis, 3-6 crassis, conflatum ; tubuli et pori carnosi, molles, colore primitus carneolo dein vitel- lino vel aurantio-incarnato, compressione vel tactu fuscescentes, mox collapsi; sporae hyalinae, oblongae, 5-6 x 2%-3 pn.” In opposition to Bresadola’s opinion, I have a note made in Persoon’s herbarium at Leiden in 1906 to the effect that Poria nitida Pers. is near, if not the same as, P. attenuata Peck, and that Bresadola did not see Persoon’s specimens. This would make the Friesian interpretation of the species more correct and our American specimens so labeled would not be far wrong. If I could see Pers. Obs, Myc. 2: pl. 4, f. 1 (which as meteinmom library) and compare it with my plants, I believe I could settle this question. Persoon’s description is of little use. 65. PoRIA PAVONINA Bres. Hedwigia 35: 282. 1806 Described as below from specimens collected at Blumenau, Brazil, by Dr. Moller. I have examined the types of this species in Bresadola’s herbarium and there are good specimens in the Ellis Collection here. The color is very beautiful, varying from dark-llac to pale-purple. The species is known only from Blumenau, Brazil, where it was collected three times by Moller. His no. 364, which is older than the other two collections, was in- correctly determined by Bresadola as Poria favillacea, a species described from New England. MurRILL: LIGHT-COLORED RESUPINATE POLYPORES 95 “Tate effusa, coriacea, adglutinata, vivide pavonina, expallens, margine obsoleto, subiculo, nullo; tubulis brevibus, 1 mm. longis ; poris parvis, subangulatis; hyphis subhymenialibus, 2 4.—Sporae non visae.”’ Oo. PORIA TAXICOLA (Pers.) Bres. Atti Accad. Rovereto ITI. 3:2 80, 18907 Xylomyzon taxicola Pers. Myc. Eur. 2: 32. pl. 14, f. 4, 5. 1825. Polyporus haematodes Rostk. in Sturm, Deuts. Fl. Pilze 4: 127. Pie 02. 1838: Merulius Ravenelii Berk. Grevillea 1: 69. 1872. Polyporus sorbicola Fries, Hymen, Eur. 570. 1874. Serpula rufa pinicola P. Karst. Hedwigia 35: 45. 1890. This beautiful purple, white-bordered species was originally described and poorly figured by Persoon from specimens col- lected by Chaillet on the trunks of a conifer. Standing as it does on the border line between Merulius and Poria, it has re- ceived a number of names, both in this country and in Europe. Most of the herbarium specimens in the Poria sheets are called either P. violacea or P. incarnata by Fries, Karsten, Plowright, Ellis, and others. Burt includes it in Merulius,—as did Persoon, —and I have no desire to alter this arrangement. The hyme- nium is often strikingly merulioid when young. The spores are allantoid, hyaline, 3.5-4.5x0.5-1.5m. It occurs on dead wood and bark of pine, spruce, fir, Cupressus thyoides, Thuya occi- dentalis, and other conifers. One specimen from Karsten is said to have been collected on a deciduous trunk. Cooke, Fungi Brit. 409; Ellis & Everhart, Fungi Columb. 1; ili’ N. Am. Fungi 1305; Rav. Fungi Car. 4:-9; de Thimen, Myc. Univ. 406; England, Eyre, Massee, Plowright; Fin- land, Karsten; Sweden, Murrill 611; New York, Earle 1653, Murrill 822; New Jersey, Ellis; Pennsylvania, Stevenson 463; Minnesota, Holway 234; South Carolina, Ravenel; Louisiana, Bethel. 67. PoRIA SUBRUFA Ellis & Dearness, Proc. Can. Inst.1:89. 1897 The type collection was made by Dearness at Granton, Ontario, in November, 1896, on a rotten beech log. Unfortunately, none 96 MYcoLoGciIA of the material is in very good shape to compare with Poria mu- tans or other near relatives. The description is as follows: “Resupinate, effused, mostly in small patches 2-4 cm. across, inseparable, soft, juicy, creamy-white when fresh, becoming red- dish when dry; margin thin, membranaceous, narrow, almost wanting. Pores round to sub-angular, %4-% cm. long, 4-™% mm. wide, dissepiments thin, margin acute but not lacerate. Spores elliptic-oblong, 4x 3p.” 68. Portia spissA (Schw.) Cooke, Grevillea 14: 110. 1886 Polyporus spissus Schw. in Fries, Elench. Fung. 1: 111. 1828. Polyporus salmonicolor Berk. & Curt. Hook. Jour. Bot. 1: 104. 1840; Grevillea ts 537 41672. Polyporus cruentatus Mont. Ann. Sci. Nat. 1: 129. 1854. ?Polyporus laetificus Peck, Ann. Rep. N. Y. State Mus. 38: 91. 1885. : Porta crocipora Cooke, Grevillea 14: 110. 1886. Poria phlebiaeformis Berk.; Cooke, Grevillea 15: 24. 1886. Originally described from Schweinitz’ collections in North Carolina on hard trunks. Redescribed from Ravenel’s collec- tions in South Carolina on burnt wood, the authors supposing that Schweinitz sent a different plant to Fries under the name P. spissus. The original Schweinitzian description, however, calls for a plant with spadiceous tubes and Fries refers in his notes to distinct black lines and to its resemblance to the true P. obliquus, whose tubes are similarly oblique and somewhat spadiceous. Moreover, specimens in Hooker’s herbarium were marked P. spissus by Schweinitz and excellent types of the same kind still exist in the Schweinitz herbarium. P. phlebiaeformis is hardly mature enough to show its true. characters. P. laetificus is also probably a young stage, the type material being sterile and too poor for comparison. When young, P. spissa is white, then pale-salmon-tinted with a whitish border. Ellis describes it as continuous for 2-3 feet, with a thin, narrow, subtomentose margin, showing at first only a faint tinge of sal- mon color, which becomes deeper and changes more or less to a dull-red in drying, turning reddish when bruised, and having a MurriILL: LIGHT-COLORED RESUPINATE POLYPORES O7 very strong odor in drying; pores nearly round or subangular, 2-3 mm. long, resting on a separable substratum or membrane, which is of a soft, carnose nature, not very tough and about I mm. thick. The hymenium is stratose. The range of this species is remarkable, as will be seen by ex- amining the list of collections below. Among its hosts are apple, linden, red maple, ash, Alnus rhombifolia, old hymenophores of Hapalopilus gilvus, pine, and Pinus radiata. Ellis. & Everhart, Fungi Columb. 208; Ellis & Everhart, N. Am. Fungi 1594; Rav. Fungi Car. 1: 15; Canada, Dearness PETA: New York, Ballou, Burnham, Cook, Underwood; New Jersey, Ballou, Ellis, Martin 102, Southwick; Pennsylvania, An- derson, Miss Clarke 1595, Everhart & others 2790, Haines 58, Sumstine 33, 39; Delaware, Commons 2783; Ohio, Fink 17, Lloyd 1106, Morgan 327; Indiana, Underwood; Michigan, Johnson 631; Missouri, Demetrio; Oregon, Carpenter 43; California, Gardner 1095, Johnston 254; North Carolina, Schweinitg; South Carolina, Ravenel; Cuba, Wright 939; Guiana; Ecuador, Lager- heim 98. : 69. Porta MUTANS Peck, Ann. Rep. N. Y. State Mus. 43: 39. 1890 Eeolyporus mutans Peck, Ann. Rep. N.Y. State Mus. 41: 77. 1888. Described as follows from specimens collected by Peck on chestnut wood at Selkirk, New York, in August: “Resupinate, rather thick, tough, following the inequalities of the wood; pores minute, rotund, short, buff-yellow or cream color, becoming dingy red or dull incarnate where wounded, the ' subiculum fibrous, changing color like the pores, the whole plant assuming an incarnate hue when dried.” There are also specimens at Albany collected at Croghan, Bol- ton, and Savannah, New York; and I have six specimens col- lected on chestnut elsewhere, three from Connecticut, one from New Jersey, one from Pennsylvania, and one from Canada. The other specimens listed below may also be from chestnut, but the host is not mentioned in any case. 98 MYCOLOGIA This species is closely related to Poria spissa and may be easily confused with it in herbarium specimens. Mr. Overholts found the spores to be hyaline, 3.5—5 x 2.5-3.5m; cystidia none. In re- cently collected young specimens, I found copious spores meas- uring 3-4x3p.. Ina collection made a few years ago, the spores were. ovoid, smooth, hyaline, 3.5x 2.5m, and one flask-shaped, pointed, yellowish cystidium was found measuring 25x8up. Poria saloisensis P, Karst. seems closely related, but is probably nearer P. spissa. Canada, Dearness; Connecticut, Clinton, Earle 484, Graves; New York, Ballou; New Jersey, P. Wilson; Pennsylvania, Sum- stine 5, 6, 10, 12, 14, 34, 66; Virginia, Murrill 380. 70. PORIA INCRASSATA (Berk. & Curt.) Burt, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 4% 360.) 1017 Merulius incrassatus Berk. & Curt. Hook. Lond. Jour. Bot. 1: 234, 21840; Grevilleah 2 70; 1872. Merulius spissus Berk. Grevillea 1: 70. 1872. Polyporus pineus Peck, Ann. Rep. N: Y. State Mus. 41: 78. 1888. Pona pinea Sacc. Syll; Fung: 9: 194. 1891: This very interesting species, which has been carefully studied both by Burt and Overholts, may be readily recognized by its large, dark spores. It somewhat resembles P. taxicola in gross characters, but belongs decidedly to Poria rather than to Meru- lius. Curtis collected his original specimens on a pine stump in South Carolina, and Peck obtained his on pine at Selkirk, New York. The margin is whitish or yellowish and the hymenium . dingy-white, becoming purple to black with age. The spores are fuscous, 7.5-I1I x 4-7 p, and there are no cystidia. In addition to the original specimens already mentioned, which I have seen at Albany, Kew, and elsewhere, I find several speci- mens in the Ellis Collection that represent stages not shown in the types. One of these collections is assigned a manuscript name by Ellis and the following notes accompany it: “ Margin narrow, erect, tomentose, white, the edges fringed with short, spine-like hairs or bristles; mouths of tubes white, dull-reddish within; MurriLL: LIGHT-COLORED RESUPINATE POLYPORES 99 spores allantoid, hyaline, 10-12x3.5p.” This collection was made on dead limbs of Pinus austriaca at Newfield on Christmas day. Four other packets collected by Ellis on pine at Newfield bear as many different dates, and three are referred by him to Poria violacea. The following specimens resemble those of the above species, but prove to be undeveloped resupinate. forms of. 1yromyces Smallu Murrill: Auburn, Alabama, Earle, on pine bark; Newfield, New Jersey, Ellis, on old pine stump. Zi ORIA.SUBVIOLACEA Ellis & Ev. Am, Nat. 31: .339. 1897 Described from specimens collected by Ellis on decaying white oak limbs buried beneath decaying leaves at Newfield, New Jer- sey, in September and October, 1896. I find only one packet so labeled in the Ellis Collection and it is practically destroyed by insects. Its date is October 1, while the description was drawn from specimens (which I do not find) collected on the same host, October 17. Ellis says that the hymenium is more or less tinged with violet or lilac at first, changing mostly to dirty-white or yel- lowish-white on drying. I imagine that the affinities of the species are rather with some of the thin, white forms previously studied than with the present group. g24)oRtA CARVAE (Schw.) Cooke, Grevillea 14: 111. 1886 This species was treated in Mycologia for March, 1920. The specimens mentioned there as Ellis & Ev. N. Am. Fungi 2306, collected by Calkins in Florida, seem to be incorrectly determined and belong nearer to the Poria vincta group. Other good speci- mens found in the Ellis Herbarium are as follows: Ohio, Morgan 229. This is probably a part of the same col- lection sent to Underwood in 1894, which has already been cited. London, Canada, on beech, by Dearness 1343, December 6, 1889. I have already referred to specimens collected by me on beech in northern Maine. Kansas, Cragin 193. 100 MyYcoLoGIA 73. PORIA CAVERNULOSA (Berk.) Cooke, Grevillea 14: 113. 1886 Polyporus cavernulosus Berk. Jour. Bot. & Kew. Misc. 8: 235. 1856. Collected on dead branches at Panureé, Brazil, by Spruce and described as follows: “Resupinate, orbicular, at length confluent, of a dirty fawn colour, darker in the centre, rigid; margin narrow, formed of matted down, but not byssoid; pores %5 of an inch across, sub- hexagonal; edge rigid, sometimes elongated at the commissures, sometimes slightly waved.” Original specimens seen at Kew are not distinct from resupi- nate forms of Trametes versatilis Berk., although a totally dif- ferent plant was found under this name at Paris and in the Fungi Cubenses Wrightiani. P. byssoideus Jungh. in the Persoon her- barium at Leiden also seemed to me the same as TJ. versatilis, while Romell says that Poria Dusenii P. Henn. belongs in the same category. New York Botanical GARDEN, SMUTS AND RUSTS OF UTAH—IV' , A. O. GARRETT USTILAGINALES 6. Ustitaco Bromivora (Tul.) Fisch. de Waldh. In ovaries of Bromus tectorum L.: 2503, June 2, 1919, Salt Lake City. Another collection on the same host was made in October, 1919. 2755, August 20, 1920, Providence, Cache Co. This smut was very abundant in the early summer of 1919 on this host on the “ benches” around Salt Lake City. In 1920, it has been observed in equal abundance extending northward to the Idaho line. Previous to these collec- tions, but one other collection was known for this host, Dr. Clinton informs me; and that was made by Dr. Hitchcock in Oregon. 9. USTILAGO HYPODYTES (Schlecht.) Fries On Oryzopsis hymenoides (Roem. & Schult.), Ricker (Eriocoma cuspidata Nutt.) : 2514, July 18, 1919, Price, Carbon Co. . On HAilaria Jamesti (Torr.) Benth.: 2508, July 18, 1919, Price, Carbon Co. Host determined by Mrs. Agnes Chase; smut by Dr. Clinton, to whose her- barium a specimen has been contributed. This is the first collection of the smut on this host. 12. USTILAGO LORENTZIANA Thum. ‘In inflorescence of Hordeum caespitosum Scrib.: 2015c, June 15, 1909, Salt Lake City. In inflorescence of Sitanion Hystrix (Nutt.) J. G. Smith; 2592, June 12, 1920, near East High School, Salt Lake City. Host determined by Dr. Hitchcock. 27. UstTiLaco HiERonyMI Schrot. In inflorescence of Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr. (B. racemosa Lag.): A collection from Utah on this grass is listed in N. A. -Blora 714 13: 1906. ; 29. Ustiraco Tritict (Pers.) Rostr. Overs. K. Danske Vid. Selsk. Forh. 1890: T5000 In spikelets of Triticum vulgare L.: 2583, July 19, 1919, Castle Dale, Emery Co. 2692a, July 18, 1920, Cedar City, Iron Co. 2510, July 18, 1919, Price, Carbon Co. 1The previous papers of “Smuts and Rusts of Utah” were published in Mycotocia as follows: I, 2: 265-304, Nov., 1910; II, 6: 240-258, Sept., 1914; III, 11, 202-215, July, roro. 101 102 M YCOLOGIA UREDINALES 6. PUCCINIA INTERVENIENS (Pk.) Bethel in Univ. Cal. Pub. 7; 1190. 1029 Aecidium roestelioides Ellis & Ever. Puccinia Burnettii Griff. The rust recorded under No. ror of this list as Puccinia Stipae Arth. on Stipa minor (Vasey) Scrib. should be placed here. This collection was made ' Aug. 26, 1909, near Gogorza, Summit Co. Nearly defunct aecia on Sidalcea nervata (listed as No. 6 of the “Smuts and Rusts of Utah”) were collected the same day in the immediate vicinity. Mrs. Clemens had made a collection of fine aecia in the same locality in May of the same year. 8. MELAMPSORA CONFLUENS (Pers.) Jackson, Brooklyn Bot..Gar. Mem. 1: 210. 1918 Caeoma confluens (Pers.) Schot. © On Grossularia inermis (Ryd.) Cov. & Britt.: 2594, June 21, 1920, Gogorza, Summit Co. The gooseberry bushes were growing under the willow trees, and were very heavily infected. A single sorus was taken from the willows. -2621, July 1, 1920, Henry Ranch, above Panguitch Lake, Garfield Co. On Grossularia leptantha (A. Gray) Cov. & Britt.: 2622, July 1, 1920, Henry Ranch, above Panguitch Lake, Garfield Co. Another collection on this host was made between Panguitch and Panguitch Lake. On Ribes petiolare Dougl.: 2741, O, I, August 16, 1920, above Silver Lake, Big Cottonwood Canyon. The material was too old when collected, but Dr. Arthur considers it to belong to this species of rust. The writer has previously collected the rust on G. inermis within a quarter of a mile from where this collection was made. Willows were within a few feet of the bushes of R. petiolare from which the collection was made. On Salix Watsonii (Bebb) Rydb.: 2593, II, June 21, 1920, Gogorza, Sum- mit Co. A leaf with a few sori was taken from one willow. The gooseberries growing below were heavily infected with the Caeoma stage. 2637, II, July 15, 1920, same locality as No. 2593. The Caeoma on the gooseberries grow- ing below the willows had all gone, leaving only scars on the leaves to show where it had been. 2772, III, Sept. 12, 1920, East Canyon, Summit Co. 9. GYMNOSPORANGIUM NELSsonr Arth. On Juniperus utahensis (Engelm.) Lemmon: 2511, July 18, 1919, Price, Carbon Co. 2607, June 25, 1920, Manti, San Pete: Co. 2627, sully, 1eenozo, head Mammoth Creek above Panguitch Lake, Garfield Co. 2639, July 17, 1920, Maple Canyon branch of Cedar Canyon, near Cedar City, Iron Co. On Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.: 2298, July 22, 1915, Logan Canyon, Cache Co. 2600, June 23, 1920, McGee Canyon, near Santaquin, Utah Co. 2645a, July 17, 1920, Maple Canyon branch Cedar Canyon, Iron Co. Some old cedar trees at the head of Coal Creek branch of Cedar Canyon had nearly every branch affected. 2698, July 29, 1920, Parowan Main Canyon, near Parowan, Iron Co. | 7 On Amelanchier mormonica C. K. Schneider: 2718, Aug. 3, 1920, Beaver Canyon, near Beaver, Beaver Co. Host determined by Dr. Rydberg. GARRETT: SMUTS AND RusTS OF UTAH 103 On Amelanchier polycarpa Greene: 2645, I, July 17, 1920, Maple Canyon branch of Cedar Canyon, about five miles from Cedar City, Iron Co. The host was determined by Dr. Rydberg. On Amelanchier Jonesiana C. K. Schneider?: 266ra, I, July 19, 1920, Coal Creek branch, Cedar Canyon, about fifteen miles from Cedar City, Iron Co. The host is determined tentatively by Dr. Rydberg. 15. MELAMPSORELLA ELATINA (Albert & Schw.) Arth. I Dr. Hedgcock, in his paper ‘Some Western Uredineae,” states that the aecial stage of this rust (Peridermium elatinum) is conspicuous on Abies lasio- carpa (Hook.) Nutt, in the Manti National Forest. e 17. PHRAGMIDIUM IvESIAE Sydow, II, III Ph. affine Sydow. On Potentilla pulcherrima Lehm.: 2759, Aug. 20, 1920, Richmond, Cache Co. Host determined by Dr. Rydberg. 19. PHRAGMIDIUM HORKELIAE Garrett On Ivesia Gordonii (Hook.) T. & G.: 2744, Aug. 16, 1920, east slope from Twin Lakes, Big Cottonwood Canyon, Salt Lake Co. 21. PHRAGMIDIUM MONTIVAGUM Arth. On Rosa neomexicana Cockerell: 2617, June 28, 1920, Bullion Canyon, near Marysvale, Piute Co. 2759a, Aug. 23, 1920, Mendon, Cache Co. 2774, Sept. 18, 1920, Parley’s Canyon, opposite refreshment stand. On Rosa puberulenta Rydb.: 2651, July 19, 1920, Coal Creek branch, Cedar Canyon, Iron Co. 2720, August 3, 1920, Beaver Canyon, Beaver Co. All of the above roses were determined by Dr. Rydberg. 25. PucciINIA CLEMATIDIS (DC.) Lagerh. On Elymus condensatus Presl.: 2512, July 18, 1919, Price, Carbon Co. De- termined by Dr. Arthur. On Poa Fendleriana (Steud.) Vasey: 2673, II, Wiley Camp, Zion National Park, Washington Co. . On Ranunculus Cymbalaria Pursh.: 26r3a, I, June 28, 1920, Marysvale, Piute Co. On Sitanion Hystrix (Nutt.) J. G. Smith: 27170, ii, Aug. 3,.1920, Beaver Canyon, near Beaver, Beaver Co. On Sitanion jubatum Smith: 2671, ii, July 22, ‘1920, Zion National Park, near Wiley Camp, Washington Co. The near-by Clematis ligusticifolia bore aecia. 32. PUCCINIA URTICAE (Schum.) Lagerh. P. caricis (Schum.) Schrot. On Carex nebraskensis Dewey: 2577, Oct. 11, 1919, Riverton, Salt Lake Co. 104 Myco.ocia 55. PUCCINIA GRAMINIS Pers, On Elymus Macounti Vasey: 2576, Oct. 11, 1919, Riverton, Salt Lake Co. Host determined by Mrs. Agnes Chase; rust by Dr. Arthur. On Triticum vulgare L.: 2719, II, Aug. 3, 1920, Beaver, Beaver Co. Rust determined by Dr. Arthur. 59. PuUCCINIA HELIANTHI Schw. On Helianthus annuus A. Gray: 2675, July 22, 1920, Zion’s Canyon, Wash- ington Co. 63. Puccinia HieEracir (Schum.) Mart. On Hieracium griseum Rydb.: 2636, July 15, 1920, Gogorza, Summit Co. 69. Puccin1a JonEsi1 Peck On Cogswellia sp.: 2650, July 17, 1920, Maple Canyon branch of Cedar Canyon, Iron Co. 2702, July 29, 1920, Parowan Main Canyon, Iron Co. The host in both collections was too old for determination, but is not one of the species previously reported as a Utah host for P. Jonesu. 76. Puccin1A MENTHAE Pers, II On Mentha spicata L.: 2692, July 28, 1920, Cedar City, Iron Co. 2756, August 20, 1920, Providence, Cache Co. 2757, August 20, 1920, Millville, Cache Co. Not before reported on this host for Utah. 79. PUCCINIA MONTANENSIS Ellis On Agropyron tenerum Vasey: 2519, II, July 22, 1919, Orangeville, Emery Co. Determined by Dr. Arthur. On Elymus canadensis L.: 2517, II, July 22, 1919, Orangeville, Emery Co. Determined by Dr. Arthur. On Hordeum jubatum L.: 2518, II, July 22, 1919, Orangeville, Emery Co. Determined by Dr. Arthur. 78, PUCCINIA MONARDELLAE Dudley & Thompson, II On Madronella oblongifolia Rydb.: 2707, July 30, 1920, “ Fish Lake Mtn.,” Iron Co. Host determined by Dr. Rydberg; rust by Dr. Arthur. 85. PucCINIA PATTERSONIANA Arth, On Agropyron spicatum (Pursh) Scribn. & Smith: 2599, II, III, June 21, 1920, Gogorza, Summit Co. The only suspicious aecia found in the vicinity were those included in this list as Uromyces Brodieae. Although some of the aecia were quite old, no telia nor uredinia could be found. On Elymus condensatus Presl.: 2770, II, III, Sept. 12, 1920, East Canyon, near Gogorza, Summit Co., not far from collections 2599. This was a heavy infection. The aecial host of this rust has never been determined. GARRETT: SMUTS AND Rusts oF UTAH 105 96. PuccINIA SHERARDIANA Korn. P. Malvastri Peck. On Sphaeralcea pedata Torr.: 2680, July 21, 1920, Zion’s Canyon, Wash- ington Co. Host determined by Dr. Rydberg. On Sphaeralcea arizonica Heller: 2680a, July 23, 1920, Hurricane, Wash- ington Co. Host determined by Dr. Rydberg. On Sphaeralcea dissecta (Nutt.) Rydb.: 2712, Aug. 3, 1920, Beaver Can- yon, Beaver Co. Host determined by Dr. Rydberg. On Sphaeralcea subrhomboidea Rydb.: 2753, August 19, 1920, Logan, Cache Co. Host determined by Dr. Rydberg. 105. PUCCINIA SUBNITENS Dietel On Heliotropium spatulatum Rydb. I, collected by E. M. Hall May 17, 1919, at St. George, Washington Co. On Tropaeolum sp. cult. I, collected by E. M. Hall May 22, 1919, at St. George, Washington Co. This is the first collection ever made on this host. On Beta vulgaris L. I, collected by E. M. Hall May, 1919, at St. George, Washington Co. On Atriplex rosea L. (A. spatiosa A. Nels.) I, collected by E. M. Hall May 18, 1919, at St. George, Washington Co. I, collected by Ellsworth Bethel May 27, 1919, at Salt Lake City. On Lepidium perfoliatum L. I, collected by Ellsworth Bethel May 27, 1919, at Salt Lake City. This is the first collection reported on this host. On Chenopodium album L. I, collected by Ellsworth Bethel May 27, 1910, at Salt Lake City. 107, PUCCINIA SUBSTERILIS Ellis & Ev. X, iii On Stipa Lettermanni Vasey: 2687, Coal Creek branch of Cedar Canyon, about fifteen miles from Cedar City, Iron Co. 2771, Sept. 12, 1920, East Can- yon, Summit Co. On Oryzopsis hymenoides (Roem. & Schult.) Ricker: 2670, July 22, 1920, Zion National Park, across river from Wiley Camp. The mesospores of this collection were in germinating condition. 114. Puccinia Rucosa Billings, King’s Report 4oth Par. 914. 1871 P. Troximontis Pk. On Ptilocalais tenuifolia Osterhout: 2596, June 21, 1920, Gogorza, Sum- mit Co. 129. UROMYCES PUNCTATUS Schrot. On Kentrophyta impensa (Sheld.) Rydb.: 2647, July 17, 1920, Maple Can- yon branch of Cedar Canyon, Iron Co. Host determined by Dr. Rydberg. On Astragalus sp.: 2659, July 19, 1920, Coal Creek branch of Cedar Can- yon, Iron Co. A small species of Astragalus, not previously included in this list. . On Astragalus humistratus A. Gray: 2660, July 19, 1920, Cedar Canyon, Iron Co. Host determined by Dr. Rydberg. 106 MYCOLOGIA On Astragalus Sonorae A. Gray: 2660a, July 19, 1920, Cedar Canyon. Host determined by Dr. Rydberg. 131. UROMYCES INTRICATUS Cooke Uromyces Eriogoni Ellis & Hark. Two collections were made, each on a different species of Eriogonum, and each new to the species hitherto recorded in this list. Both hosts were too ‘young, however, for specific determination. One collection was made in Maple Canyon, Iron Co., and the other in Zion Canyon, Washington Co. 132. UROMYCES PROEMINENS (DC.) Pass. U. Euphorbiae Cooke & Peck. On Chamaesyce Greenei (Millsp.) Rydb.: 2646a, July 18, 1920, Cedar City, Iron Co.” 22500; July LS, 1910,) Price, \CarbonCo:. On Chamaesyce rugulosa (Engelm.) Rydb.: 2708, Aug. 3, 1920, Beaver Canyon, Beaver Co. The host of each of these collections was determined by Dr. Rydberg. 148. CoLEosporiuM RisBicoLa (C. & E.) Arth. II On Ribes cereum Dougl.: 2638, July 17, 1920, Maple Canyon, branch of Cedar Canyon, Iron Co. 2705, July 30, 1920, First Left-hand Fork Parowan Canyon, Iron Co. 2716, August 4, 1920, Beaver Canyon, Beaver Co. The host of these collections is considered to be the same as R. inebrians Lindl. 149. CRONARTIUM FILAMENTOSUM (Peck) Hedgc. & Long I Peridermium filamentosum Peck. On Pinus ponderosa scopulorum Engelm.: 2628, July 1, 1920, extending southward from the south edge of Bryce Canyon, Garfield Co. This is the first record of the collection of this Peridermium in Utah. The Peridermium at this location is abundant, and is doing considerable damage to the pine trees. 150. CRONARTIUM PYRIFORME (Peck) Hedge. & Long I Peridermium pyriforme Peck. ae Cronartium Comandrae Peck. On Pinus ponderosa scopulorum Engelm. Collected by Vernon Christen- sen (a former student in botany at the East High School, Salt Lake City), July 15, 1920, headwaters Provo River, Wasatch Co. This is the first collection of this Peridermium in Utah, although the Cronartium has previously been reported from several localities. 152. GYMNOSPORANGIUM GRACILENS (Peck) Kern & Bethel I On Philadelphus occidentalis A. Nelson: 2669, July 22, 1920, Zion Canyon, Washington Co. Host determined by Dr. Rydberg. This extends the distri- bution of this Gymnosporangium about two hundred miles westward. GARRETT: SMUTS AND RusTS oF UTAH ~ 107 153. GYMNOSPORANGIUM ‘INCONSPICUUM Kern On Juniperus utahensis (Engelm.) Lemmon: 2641, July 17, 1920, Maple Canyon branch of Cedar Canyon, about five miles from Cedar City, Iron Co. The entire tree was covered with brown smears at and near the tips of the branchlets. 2700, July 29, 1920, Parowan Main Canyon, opposite Second Left- hand Fork. The branchlets covered with this rust (both in this collection, and No. 2641 above) seemed to be dead or dying. On Amelanchier utahensis Koehne: 2643, I, July 16, 1920, Maple Canyon branch Cedar Canyon, about five miles from Cedar City, Iron Co. The infec- tion was so heavy on the Amelanchiers of the region that scarcely a fruit could be found: not affected by the rust. 2674, July 22, 1920, Zion National Park, near Wiley Camp, Washington Co. All of the fruits of all of the trees in the canyon seemed to be affected. 2704a, July 30, 1920, First Left-hand could be found not affected by the rust. 2674, July 22, 1920, Zion National Fork Parowan Canyon, near Parowan, Iron Co. 2725, I, Aug. 7, 1920, Fill- more, Millard Co. The peridia are beautifully developed in this collection. Rust determined by Dr. Arthur. On Amelanchier prunifolia Greene: 2669a, I, July 22, 1920, Zion National Park, above Wiley Camp, Washington Co. On Amelanchier Jonesiana C. K. Schneider: 2707, I, July 29, 1920, Paro- wan Main Canyon, near Parowan, Iron Co. Host determined tentatively by Dr. Rydberg. ~All of the above aecial forms are on the fruit. The canyons of southwestern Utah are surely a paradise for the collector of the Gymnosperms. Indeed, they are present in such profusion, and on such a variety of hosts, as to offer a very considerable puzzle to the collector who attempts to keep the species separated. 154 MELAMPSORA ALBERTENSIS Arth. I Caeoma occidentalis Arth. On Pseudotsuga mucronata (Raf.) Sudw.: 2685, July 27, 1920, Coal Creek Canyon branch of Cedar Canyon, about fourteen miles from Cedar City, Iron Co. This is the first recorded collection of this Caeoma for Utah, although the Melampsora on Populus tremuloides has been reported from San Juan Co. 164. PUCCINIA GRINDELIAE Peck On Chrysopsis horrida Rydb.?: 2676, July 22, 1920, Zion Canyon, Washing- ton |Co. 181. UROMYCES OBLONGUS Vize Three collections of this rust were made: 2679, July 22, 1920, Zion Can- yon, Washington Co.; on Trifolium Kingii S. Wats.: 2686, July 27, Coal Creek branch Cedar Canyon, Iron Co.; and 2706, July 30, 1920, First Left-hand Fork Parowan Canyon, Iron Co. The rust was abundant; but with the exception of No. 2686 the Trifolium plants were too old to be determined. 108 : MycoLocia 184. AECIDIUM ALLENII Clinton On Shepherdia canadensis Nutt.: 2686ab, July 27, 1920, Coal Creek Canyon branch of Cedar Canyon, Iron Co. 187. CRONARTIUM OCCIDENTALE Hedgc., Bethel & Hunt On Pinus edulis Engelm.: 2614a, June 27, 1920, mouth of Bullion Canyon, near Marysvale, Piute Co. 2697, July 29, 1920, Parowan Main Canyon, Iron Co. A number of infections were on the tree from which this collection was made. On Ribes aureum Pursh: 2696, July 29, 1920, Parowan Main Canyon, Iron Co. ‘27715, Aug. 3, 1920, Beaver, Beaver Co.” (2724, Auey 6, 1920; Hinckley, Millard Co. 2726, Aug. 7, 1920, Fillmore, Millard Co. 2730, Aug. 9, 1920, Holden,. Millard Co. 2732, August 9, 1920, Scipio, Millard Co. 2738, August 13,.1920, Oak City, Millard Co. 2748, Aug. 20, 1920, Lewiston, Cache Co. 2751, Aug. 22, 1920, Hyrum, Cache Co. This was beautiful uredineal material. 2760, Aug. 23, II, III, Mendon, Cache Co. 2763, II, III, Aug. 24, 1920, Mor- gan, Morgan Co. The rust in III was also collected October ‘Is, 1920, on bushes along Current Creek, in DuChesne County, a half-mile from the Wa- satch County line by Miss Ruby Harkness, a former student in botany in the East High School, Salt Lake City. She reports that she found the Cronartium on the first bush examined. On Ribes cereum Dougl.: 2714, August 3, 1920, Beaver Canyon, just below Upper Telluride Plant, about twelve miles from Beaver, Beaver Co. (This host is not considered sufficiently distinct from R. inebrians to warrant their separation.) On Grossularia leptantha (A. Gray) Cov. & Britt.: 2773, Aug. 3, 1920, same locality as No. 2714 given immediately above. A small tree of Pinus edulis grew between the bushes. Not before reported for Utah on either of' these last two hosts. All of the above are new records for the distribution of the Cronartium and the Peridermium. 189. GYMNOSPORANGIUM JUVENESCENS Kern On Juniperus scopulorum Sargent: 2642, III, July 19, 1920, Cedar Canyon near Cedar City, Iron Co. 2698a, July 29, 1920, Parowan Main Canyon near ‘Parowan, Iron Co. 2640, July 17, 1920, Maple Canyon branch Cedar Canyon, about five miles from Cedar City, Iron Co. 2699, July 29, 1920, Parowan Main Canyon, near Parowan, Iron Co. On Amelanchier oreophila A. Nels.: 2618, I, June 28, 1920, Bullion Canyon, near Marysvale, Piute Co. 192. PERIDERMIUM COLORADENSE (Dietel) Arthur & Kern On Picea Engelmanni (Parry) Engelm.: 2661, July 9, 1920, Coal Creek branch Cedar Canyon, about fourteen miles from Cedar City. The aecia were just beginning to develop at this date. Many trees were affected. GARRETT: SMUTS AND Rusts oF UTAH 169 203. UroMyces Fuscatus Arth. On Rumex paucifolius Nutt.: 2636a, July 15, 1920, Gogorza, Summit Co. There has been some doubt in regard to the true identity of the host of this rust, the original description giving it as Polygonum alpinum. Several col- lections were made at this date from the same locality from which the original Utah collection was made June 29, 1915. The host plants were in bloom and young seed, and one plant was collected in flower with the broad lower leaves strongly infected by the rust. Unfortunately, this specimen has been mislaid. Host determined by Dr. Rydberg. 206*,2 GYMNOSPORANGIUM JUNIPERINUM (L.) Mart. Fl. Crypt. Erlang. 333. 1817 On Juniperus siberica, Burgsd.: 2615, June 28, 1920, Bullion Canyon, near Marysvale, Piute Co. This is the first collection of this rust reported from Utah 207*.. PHRAGMIDIUM IMITANS Arthur, N. A. Flora 7: 165. 1912 On Rubus strigosus Mich.?: 2684, July 27, 1920, Coal Creek branch Cedar Canyon, about fourteen miles from Cedar City, Iron Co. The host was sub- mitted to Dr. Rydberg for determination, and he writes: “It is none of the Rocky Mountain forms of red raspberry, but may be an escape of the eastern R. strigosus.” 208*, PUCCINIA APOCRYPTA Ellis & Tracy On Agropyron tenerum Vasey: 2663, II, III, July 19, 1920, Coal Creek branch Cedar Canyon, about fourteen miles from Cedar City, Iron Co. Host determined by Dr. Hitchcock; rust by Dr. Arthur. 209*. PuccrntA ANTIRRHINI Diet. & Holw. Hedwigia 36: 298. 1897 On leaves and stems of Antirrhinum majus L.: 2507, July 12, 1919, Salt Lake City, Salt Lake Co. This destructive rust of greenhouse plants is alto- gether too widely spread in the greenhouses of Salt Lake and adjoining counties. 200... UCCINIA MICRANTHA D. Griff I. . Bull. Torrey:Club 29: 299. 1902 On Grossularia leptantha (A. Gray) Cov. & Britt.: 2717, Aug. 3, 1920, Beaver Canyon, just below Upper Telluride Plant, about fourteen miles from Beaver, Beaver Co. This collection moves the range of the species at least 200 miles westward. 211°. PUCCINIA SUAVOLENS (Pers.) Rostr. Forh. Skand. Nat. 11: 339. 1874 On leaves of Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.: 2506, July 9, 1919, Provo, Utah Co. This collection extends the westerly range of this species by several hundred miles. 2 Numbers followed with the asterisk (*) are those of species not included in any of the three preceding lists. 110 MYCOLOGIA 212*. UromMyces BropiEaE Ellis & Hark. I. Bull. Cal. Ac. Science 1884: 28. 1884 On Brodiaea Douglasii S. Wats.: 2597, June 21, 1920, Gogorza, Summit Co. The rust seemed to attack only the plants of the first year’s growth. No plants in bloom could be found with the rust on them. No leaves with ure- dinea or telia could be found at this time, nor again on July 15. This leads to the suspicion that possibly we might have here the aecium of an unattached grass rust. As P. Pattersoniana occurred in abundance in the immediate vi- cinity, it was suspected of being the alternate form. This will at least bear investigation. 213*. UROMYCES MEDICAGINIS Pass. in Thtim. Herb. Myc. Oecon. 156. 1874 On leaves of Medicago sativa L.: 2766, Sept. 4, 1920, Salt Lake City. Not hitherto reported from Utah. Schroeter (Krypt. Fl. Schl. 31: 306. 1887) and Trebaux (Ann. Myc. 10: 74. 1912) state that in Europe this rust has its aecial stage on various species of Euphorbia. The aecial stage has not yet been recognized as occurring in America. East HicH ScHOOL, Satt LAKE CiTy, UTAH. THE BEHAVIOR OF TELIA OF PUCCINIA GRAMINIS IN THE SOUTH H. R. ROSEN Since July, 1918, the writer has had under observation the be- havior of telia of Puccinia graminis Pers. on various grasses and the relationship of this spore stage to the overwintering and dis- semination of the rust. It is well known that barberries, both native and introduced, are present in- the southern states, and yet infections on this alternate host are apparently rare. Stakman (Separate from Yearbook of the United States Dept. of Agric. No. 796, 1918, p. 25) says, “ There can be no question whatever that the barberry is the most important factor in the spread of rust in the northern half of the Mississippi basin. In the South it is less important.” In a previous paper Rosen and Kirby (Phytopathology 9: 569-573. 1919, p. 571) record the absence in the Arthur Herbarium of aecial collections of P. graminis from the southern states. It was with the thought that a study of the behavior of telia might shed some light on the lack of bar- berry infections that these observations were undertaken at Fayetteville, Arkansas, latitude 36°. While the average tem- peratures prevailing at Fayetteville are lower than those in a major part of the state, the observations made in other sections indicate a close similarity in the behavior of stem rust. As a rule black stem rust is not nearly as widespread or as de- structive as the various leaf rusts. Occasionally, as in 1919, the wheat leaf-rust, Puccinia triticinia Erikss., is so destructive that fields are abandoned and left unharvested, while the stem rust is only rarely observed. However, the stem rust of red top, Agros- tis palustris Huds. (A. alba of authors) of timothy, Phleum pra- tense L., and of Elymus australis Scrib. and Ball is often preva- lent. Perhaps it will be worth while to point out that the main difference between the urediniospores of the stem and leaf rusts is in the arrangement of the pores, being always equatorially dis- posed in the stem rust and always scattered in the leaf rusts. Such characters as color, shape, and size of the spores vary with 11 Li2 MyYcoLoGIA hosts, with degree of maturity and somewhat with environmental conditions. Racial differences are well known. The uredinia of stem rust have been studied, and dates kept of the earliest and latest appearance, but a discussion of this stage will be left for the future. : As compared to the uredinia, the telia of stem rust of the cereals are rare and underdeveloped in this state. At harvesting time, or indeed at any other time, while the uredinia may be readily found it usually takes careful searching to obtain telia. Moreover, examination of telia under the microscope shows spores which are considerably undersized and otherwise abnor- mal. In the fall of 1918, as well as in the fall of 1919, wheat straw containing telia, collected around Fayetteville, were put into wire cages and allowed to remain out of doors during the winter. No germination occurred, in contrast to the teliospores of over-wintered material of Elymus australis which germinated profusely as will be described. No explanation is at hand for this lack of normal telial development. It seems probable that the frequent and prolonged “dry spells” characteristic of the growing seasons of this section may have some influence on the development of. telia. Possibly the time of wheat harvesting, usually in the first half of June, coming considerably earlier than in the sections where a profuse development of normal telia is ‘common, as in the spring wheat section, may have something to do with it. 3 But while the cereal grasses ordinarily do not produce viable telial material the writer has carefully checked up the viability and infectivity of this stage on Elymus australis,* one of the com- mon grasses of the region around Fayetteville. It is rather drought resistant, frequently to be seen making good growth when other grasses, both wild and cultivated, are either dead or suffering for want of moisture. During the fall of 1919 a very heavy infestation of the stem rust, in the form of telia, was noted in a good-sized patch of Elymus growing along a road side. The telia, unlike those observed on the cultivated cereals, appeared well developed, of a blackish color, and when examined under 1 The writer is indebted to Mrs. Agnes Chase of the U. S. Department of Agriculture for the identification of this grass. RosEN: BEHAVIOR OF TELIA OF PUCCINIA GRAMINIS 113 the microscope showed spores of a typically notimal type in size, shape and color. The unique character of this telial material contrasting strongly with lack of telial development on other hosts and especially with material collected on the same day on timothy in which no telia but a very heavy infestation of uredinia was observed, made it appear worth while to study this Elymus infection. Several times during the fall, winter and early spring attempts were made to germinate the material collected on these different occasions but always without success. Profuse ger- mination was finally obtained from material collected on Aprils: This germinating material was smeared on young, moistened leaves of Berberis trifoliolata Moric., on a potted plant growing in the greenhouse, and the whole plant covered with a bell-jar for forty-eight hours. Another plant, uninoculated, served as a check. Reddish-yellow, cushion-like spots began to develop in about six days, and in eleven days, numerous pycnia, mostly epiphyllous, had developed. No infections developed on the check plant. The pycnia were typical of Puccimia granums and the infections as a whole were similar to those obtained on the same host infected by using germinating telia on wheat straw coming from Iowa. (See Rosen and Kirby, loc. cit., p. 571.) It should be added that the telia were viable on April 29 and that on June 25 no germination was obtained. No data is at hand to indicate to which specialized race the telia of Elymus australis belong. Apparently this species of Elymus has not previously been recorded as a host for P. graminis and material has accord- ingly been deposited in the Arthur Herbarium. However, Stak- man and Piemeisel (Jour. Agr. Res. 10: 429-495. 1917) list various species of Elymus as congenial hosts for two specialized races which attack wheat, the “biologic forms” tritici and tritici compact, for the one which attacks rye, secale, and for the oat race, avenae, which appears only slightly infectious on Elymus spp. The telia on E. australis here recorded are of interest not only because they differ from the ordinary behavior of stem rust telia in this region, but because they clearly show that if telia are fully developed they can be “overwintered” properly in this region and that they are infectious. UNIVERSITY OF ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, ARKANSAS, NOTES AND BRIEF ARTICLES [Unsigned notes are by the editor] Readers of MycoLoacia are invited to contribute to this department personal news items and notes or brief articles of interest to mycologists in general. Manuscript should be submitted before the middle of the month preceding the month in which this publication is issued. A new method of isolating single spores in Petri dishes for transfer is described by Carl D. LaRue in the Botanical Gazette for October, 1920. Volume 7, parts 4 and 5, of North American Flora, by J. C. Arthur appeared at the close of 1920. They include descriptions of 201 species of Dicaeoma, of the Aecidiaceae. This important genus of plant rusts comprises, according to Dr. Arthur, a total of 269 species. The dry-rot of incense cedar is discussed by J. S. Boyce in Bul- letin 871 of the U.S. Department of Agriculture) “ine gttacks of Polyporus amarus are very severe, owing to forest fires and various mechanical injuries. Trees with sporophores or serious wounds should be promptly cut. The rotation for incense cedar, according to the author, must not exceed 165 years in the inter- mediate and 210 years in the optimum range. In his excellent: paper on Crown-gall of Alfalfa, published in the Botanical Gazette for July, 1920, Mr. O. T. Wilson suggests that, although Magnus was right in removing the causative para- site from the genus Cladochytrium, it is doubtful whether he was justified in placing it in Urophlyctis. The author concludes with some interesting remarks about the Chytridiaceae in general and their relationship to the Myxomycetes. In a short paper on Porto Rican fungi in the Botamcal Gazette 114 Notes AND BRIEF ARTICLES HSE: for November, 1920, F. L. Stevens describes Linospora tricho- stigmae, on Trichostigma octandra; Trabutia portoricensis, on Cocolobis nivea; the genus Trabutiella, with T. cordiae as its type; Hyponectria phaseoli, on Vigna vexillata; and Zythia pha- seoli, on Phaseolus. A fuller description is also given of Antho- stomella rhizomorphae (Ktz.) B. & V., collected on Rhizophora mangle. A Crop Protection Institute has been organized under the Na- tional Research Council to-bring together the scientist, the grower, and the business man for mutual consultation regarding problems connected with the growing and marketing of crops. It proposes to cooperate with existing organizations wherever possible, and to undertake work that has hitherto been over- . looked or imperfectly done. The control is in the hands of a Board of Trustees, two thirds of whom are scientists. An abundantly illustrated article on the early development of Inocybe, by Gertrude E. Douglas, appeared in the Botanical Gazette for September, 1920. The lamellae develop as in most of the gill-fungi except those of the Amanita type. No marginal veil is formed, but the ground tissue on the outside of the pileus fundament becomes the blematogen, or universal veil. Several species of /nocybe were used for this study, the fresh plants in various stages being fixed in chromo-acetic acid of medium strength, then imbedded in paraffin, and stained with fuchsin after treatment with tannic acid. An important paper on the development of Cyathus and Cruci- bulum, by Lena B. Walker, appeared in the Botanical Gazette for July, 1920. Six plates, with 70 excellent figures, greatly enhance the value of this paper. The three species used, C. fascicularis, C. striatus, and C. vulgare, grew readily on artificial media, but only the first produced mature fruit-bodies. The peridioles orig- inate in all three species at given centers, toward which the ends of filaments converge. The most marked difference between Crucibulum and Cyathus is in the structure of the walls of the 116 MYCOLOGIA peridia. In Cyathus a middle layer is present which is entirely wanting in Crucibulum. Bulletin of the New York State Museum, Nos. 219, 220, ap- peared in January, 1920. It contains a reprint of the report of the state botanist for 1886, which has been so difficult to secure because so few copies were originally printed. A paper on, fungi by Dr. House includes descriptions of Mycena filopes (Bull.) Ouel. and Mycena Atkinsoni House, and the following new com- binations: Lophiotrema Peckiana (Sacc.) House, Helmintho- sporium pedunculatum (Peck) House, Glomopsis _Gloniopsis (Gerard) House, and Stereum Willeyi (Clinton) Burt. The first number of the Bulletin of the Yama Farms Myco- logical Club appeared in September, 1920. It contains a descrip- tion of Yama Farms; the origin and purposes of the Club; plans for the future; a list of books and papers on the larger fungi; and a list of officers, including John Burroughs, W. A. Murrill, H. D. House, C. F. Millspaugh, G. T. Moore; William Trelease, H. I, Miller, G. H. Kauffman, Howard A. Welly, (eoneriaa® Morris, and others. The Club intends to make Yama Farms, a vast virgin tract in the southern Catskills, an important myco- logical center, with facilities for collecting and studying the fungi and other interesting forms of plant and animal life. Mrs. O. B. Sarre is permanent secretary-treasurer, and she was assisted dur- ing the season of 1920 by Miss Grace O, Winter, a graduate of Pennsylvania State College. Enzyme action in Echinodontium tinctorium, one of the most destructive heart-rotting fungi on conifers in the West, was briefly discussed by Henry Schmitz in the Journal of General Physiology for July 20, 1920. The culture of the fungus used in this study was obtained from a young sporophore by the tissue method. The sporophore was carefully washed with sterile dis- tilled water, dried by means of sterile tissue towelling, and cut open. Small portions of tissue were taken from the interior of the fruiting body and transferred to potato agar slants. After NotTes AND BriEF ARTICLES 117 the fungus had made considerable growth, transfers were made from the agar slants to sliced sterile carrots in large Erlenmeyer flasks, and the cultures incubated for 3 months at a temperature of 32° C. The fungus makes comparatively slow growth both on hard potato agar and on the carrots. While still in an actively growing condition the fungous mats were removed from the flasks, and, when thoroughly dry, were finely ground. The fol- lowing enzymes were found to be present in the fungus: Esterase, maltase, lactase, sucrase, raffinase,. diastase, inulase, cellulase, hemicellulase, urease, rennet, and catalase. A handsome paper on the mosaic disease of cucurbits by S.. P. Doolittle, has appeared as Bulletin 879 of the U. S. Department of Agriculture: According to the author, this disease has appar- ently been present in the United States for nearly 20 years, but prior to I914 its importance was practically unrecognized. It appears both in the field and in the greenhouse in nearly all sec- tions where cucurbits are of commercial importance. Nearly all cultivated cucurbits are susceptible to it, but the cucumber crop seems to be most seriously affected, particularly in the Central States and the trucking regions of the South. The diseased plants develop a yellow mottling of the younger leaves, accom- panied by a wrinkled or savoyed appearance. The older leaves gradually turn yellow and die, leaving the basal portion of the stem bare. No visible causal orgainsm has been associated with cucurbit mosaic, and the disease appears to be unrelated to soil conditions. The juice of mosaic plants contains an infective principle, or virus, however,which possesses certain definite properties. The expressed juice of mosaic plants ts rendered non-infectious if heated above 70° C. The power of infection is also destroyed by formaldehyde, phenol, and copper sulphate in 0.5 per cent solu- tions and by mercuric chlorid in a strength of 1:2,000. A 10 per cent solution of chloroform will also render the virus inactive, but neither 5 per cent chloroform nor Io per cent toluene are effective. The juice of mosaic diseased plants may be diluted to 1: 10,000 MS MyYcoLociIa and still retain the power of infection. The expressed juice of mosaic plants rarely remains infectious longer than 24 to 48 hours, and the virus is rapidly destroyed by desiccation. The in- fective principle, as far as it has been determined, possesses many properties of a living organism, and it appears possible that the disease may be caused by an ultramicroscopic parasite. The mosaic is highly infectious and can be produced by introducing the expressed juices or crushed tissues of a mosaic plant into slight wounds in healthy plants. VOLUME 10 OF NorTH AMERICAN FLORA The first three parts of this volume were issued some time ago. The manuscript for part 4, prepared by Kauffman and Overholts, will be ready for the printer within a few months. Part 5 will be chiefly devoted to Cortimarius, to ‘be treated by Kauffman. Part 6 will continue the brown-spored and black- spored agarics; and part 7, the gasteromycetes and an index, concluding the volume. Specimens of gill-fungi with brown or black spores, or any of the gasteromycetes, will be very gladly received from myco- logical friends. I do not care for Poria at present; this group will have to wait until volume 8, containing the Thelephoraceae, Clavariaceae, Hydnaceae, etc., is well started. The determination of miscellaneous collections of the higher fungi must take second place with me henceforth, as my time for scientific work is hmited. I have enjoyed this kind of work immensely during the past twenty years, and a vast number of interesting things have been added to the herbarium through collections sent in from widely separated localities. If collectors wish to deposit sets of their larger fungi here without expecting reports until the various groups are worked, such specimens will be welcomed. In the case of special plants sent in for critical examination, please mention the species with which you would have them compared and also give microscopic characters, so as to facilitate comparison as much as possible. . W. A. MurRRILL Supervisor of Public Instruction Notes AND BriEF ARTICLES 119 . Two SPECIES OF FUSCOPORIA 1. Fuscoporia tenerrima (Berk. & Rav.) comb. nov. Polyporus tenerrimus Berk. & Rav.; Berk. Grevillea 1:65. 1872. Porta tenerrima Cooke, Grevillea 14: 115. 1886. Described as below from Ravenel’s Carolina collections on the bark of Ulmus americana, and known only from that region and on that particular host. It is rather difficult to decide where it belongs without seeing fresh, well-developed specimens, but its affinities appear to be with Fuscoporia. “Entirely resupinate; very thin and tender, of a watery texture, tawny; pores very small, confluent, with very thin dissepiments.” Bilisy N: Am. Fungi 922; Rav. Fungi Am. 770; Rav. Fungi Bares: 13. 2. Fuscoporia nebulosa (Berk. & Curt.) comb. nov. Polyporus nebulosus Berk. & Curt. Jour. Linn. Soc. 10: 317. 1868. 7 Poria nebulosa Cooke, Grevillea 14: 115. 1886. Described as below from Wright’s collections on dead wood in Cuba. Known only from one collection. The entire plant, in- cluding the tubes, is very thin and delicate. It apparently belongs in Fuscoporia, but I have not been able to examine it micro- scopically. “Subiculo tenuissimo pulveraceo ferrugineo; hymenio fusco, poris parvis brevissimis angulatis, dissepimentis tenuibus rigidis integris.” 7 W. A. MurRRiILL A DousBLE MusHROOM A peculiar specimen of the ordinary cultivated mushroom, Agaricus campester, was sent me last October from the Hupfel- Carrar Mushroom Plantation in the Bronx, with the following note: “We are herewith sending you, under separate cover, a freak of nature in the form of a mushroom picked from our mushroom 120 MYcoLoGIA cellars, which we thought would interest you. -As you see, the stem grew right through the top of.the same. This is the first occurrence we have had of this kind although we have picked hundreds of thousands of mushrooms since we started our cellar.” “114 )))))) ms : (i a Fic. 1. Double mushroom, natural size The accompanying sketches, reproduced natural size, was made by Miss Eaton from the fresh specimen. As may be seen in the section, there are two sets of gills, as well as two stems, as though the caps of two mushrooms occurring side by side had entirely grown together and the stronger mushroom had lifted the other into the air. It is interesting to recall in this connection a figure, here repro- duced, and a note that appeared in Hardwicke’s Science Gossip, p. 209, 1866, which reads as follows = “A TrrpLE MusHroom.—A physician of my acquaintance has a mushroom- bed in his cellar. A few weeks ago he cut one which was about five inches in NoTES AND BRIEF ARTICLES eal breadth, leaving the lower portion of the stem projecting from the bed. This afternoon he was surprised to find a peculiar double mushroom on the spot. It is formed of two mushrooms attached by their upper surfaces; the smaller one being placed in the inverted position on the upper one, and the cuticle of the two being continuous. The stem of the upper one was continuous with that of the large one which was cut off. The annexed sketch will give some idea of the nature of this curious monstrosity. The part above the dotted line represents the one cut off a few weeks ago; the part below is the double mushroom at present in my possession.—C, A.” While my attention was fixed on interesting morphological peculiarities like the above, a package of Hypolysus Montagnei, recently collected in Trinidad by Mrs. Britton, Miss Coker, and Fic. 2. Double mushroom in section, natural size Mr. Rowland, was handed me for determination and I found that many of the small, goblet-shaped hymenophores had budded at the margin and produced from one to three secondary hymeno- phores with stalks and caps similar to the primary ones both in shape and size. | One frequently sees “buds” on the pilei of gill-fungi, usually bearing lamellae on their upper surface, but no trace of a stipe is ever present. In a pretty little specimen of Marasmius col- 122 is MycoLociIa lected last fall by Mr. George T. Hastings, a prominent “bud” had developed just at the apex of the pileus, looking as though the stipe had been prolonged and developed into a small, in- verted, sessile pileus with lamellae similar to those of the normal ZH WW Ry SSSSH? Wf’ a = (mFS LEZ = AA = I Fic. 3. Triple mushroom pileus. The “buds,” however, usually develop nearer the margin, those at the apex being very rare. W. A. MurriLy Tue GENusS TINCTOPORIA ° This genus was described in North American Flora, with T. aurantiotingens as its type. Two other interesting species belong here, one staining the substratum and the other not. Hymenophore staining the substratum red. Hymenium black. 1. T. albocincta. Hymenium rosy-isabelline. 2. T. graphica. Hymenophore not staining the substratum; hymenium black. 3. T. Fuligo. 1. Tinctoporia albocincta (Cooke & Massee) comb. nov. Poria albocincta Cooke & Massee; Cooke, Grevillea 20: 106. 1892. Poria Fuligo aurantiotingens Ellis & Macbr. Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. Univ. Iowa 37: 191. 1896. Tinctoporia aurantiotingens (Ellis & Macbr.) Murrill, N. Am. Fi Oo: 2421907! This species was studied by me in 1907, but several collections Notes AND BRIEF ARTICLES 123 have come in since that time, and I have discovered at Kew that another specific name has priority over the one I then used. This is Poria albocincta, described as follows from specimens collected on bark on the Island of St. Vincent: “Tota resupinata, atro-cinerea, demum fissurato fatiscens ; margine lato, niveo, pulverulento, tenui; tubulis circa I mm. -longis, poris minutissimis, inconspicuis. Sporis ellipticis, 4x 2p.” The only host mentioned in the new collections is lex lucida, Additional collections are: Mexico, Murrill 224; Porto Rico, Earle 116, Stevenson & Johnston 1482; Guadeloupe, Duss 574, 900. 2. Tinctoporia graphica (Bres.) comb. nov. Poria graphica Bres. Hedwigia 35: 282. 18606. Collected on dead sticks in Brazil by Moller and described as below. A portion of the type is in the Garden herbarium. “Late effusa tenuissima, lilacino-carnea, margine rubello, subiculo nullo; tubulis vix 4 mm. longis; poris elongatis, sinu- osis, varlis, dissepimentibus tenuissimus praeditis; sporae non visae. Hyphae subhymeniales 3 » latae.” 3. Tinctoporia Fuligo (Berk. & Br.) comb. nov. - Polyporus Fuligo Berk. & Br. Jour. Linn. Soc. 14: 53. 1875. Polyporus Ravenalae Berk. & Br. Jour. Linn. Soc. 14: 53. 1875. Polyporus Butiners P. Henn. Verh. Bot. Ver. Proc. Brand. 30: 1205, OOo. : Porta glauca Pat. Jour. de Bot. 5: 312. 1891. Originally described from Peradenya, Ceylon, and several times collected in the Orient. P. glauca was described from Ton- kin and P. Buttnert from Cameroon, Africa. This species is thin, annual, black, with a glaucous bloom in young stages, and does not stain the substratum red. W. A. Murriy NoTES ON A FEw- Papers READ aT CHICAGO Among the many interesting papers presented at the twelfth annual meeting of the American Phytopathological Society held 124 ; MyYcoLocia at Chicago, December 28-31, 1920, the following may be briefly mentioned : “The regional occurrence of Puccinia graminis on barberry,” by E. C. Stak- man, R.S, Kirby;.and’ A. Po Phielk: The common barberry does not rust in the Southern States and on the Pacific Coast. It was found that barberries would not become infected in the Southern States when they were inoculated with teliospore material which had been developed in the South; but when inoculated with teliospores from the North, they became very heavily infected. Excellent infection was obtained as early as March 16 by using northern material. Teliospores from the South which had been kept in the North during the summer and fall, however, caused infection in the South, while northern teliospores which had been kept in the South did not cause infection. Teliospores formed in the fall in the South caused infection in the following spring. Evidently, therefore, the Feas son why barberries do not become infected in the South is not because con- ditions are unfavorable for. infection, but because practically no teliospores are viable in the spring. “The effect of incipient decay on the mechanical properties of airplane timber,” by Reginald H. Colley. Standard tests conducted at the University of California by the Bureau of Plant Industry in cooperation with the Forest Service indicate marked differ- ences in the effect of different fungi on the mechanical properties of airplane timber. Pieces of Sitka spruce and Douglas fir showing incipient decay were tested against matched sound pieces. The effect of Fomes pinicola, Fomes laricis, and Polyporus schweinitzii, which may be grouped together, was decid- edly more marked than that of Trametes pini. Test sticks taken many feet ahead of the typical rot showed the weakening effect of P. schweinitzii, while sticks infected with 7. pini gave as high or higher results than sound wood. Lumbermen have long recognized that wood infected with T. pini is strong even in the early pocket stage. Results point to need for more careful inspec- tion and diagnosis of incipient decay in forest and mill to prevent the expense of working and finishing defective stock and its inclusion in the airplane. “ Valsa poplar canker,” by Alfred H. W. Povah. This disease, under the name Cytospora chrysosperma (Pers.) Fr. has been reported from the Southwest by Long and from the Northwest by Hubert. It has been found near Syracuse, New York, to cause serious injury and in some cases death to Populus tremuloides and P. grandidentata when weakened by fire. Field studies show infection of 68.4 per cent and mortality of 36.9 per cent. The perfect stage (Valsa sp.) has been found on the trunks of infected trees. Inoculation experiments with pycnospores on cuttings of P. tremuloides, P. grandidentata, and P. caroliniana have resulted in the production of typical pycnia, bearing the characteristic red spore horns, and the death of the cut- tings. Cuttings not inoculated but kept in the laboratory where material bear- ing spore horns was exposed soon became infected and were killed. NotTes AND BriEF ARTICLES ES “Lightning injury to Hevea brasiliensis,’ by Carl D. La Rue. | Lightning injury to the Para rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) rarely manifests itself in tearing or breaking of the trunks or branches. Usually a single small branch at the top of the tree dies first. From this point the death of the branch continues downward until the trunk is reached, then the trunk dies back until the root is reached and finally the whole tree is killed. Several days may elapse from the time the injury is first visible until the whole tree is dead. The progressive death of the tissues is extremely suggestive of invasion of the tree by some destructive organism. The injury has been attributed to Diplodia and the supposedly guilty organism named Diplodia rapax. Cultures by the author showed Diplodia to be the only organism constantly present, but this is now known ‘to be secondary and not the cause of the death of the tree. The injury is most pronounced in the cambium region. Here the tissue be- comes deep-purple in color and decays with great rapidity, making it easy to trace the progress of the injury. The purple coloration is regarded by the author as diagnostic for this type of injury. Frequently, trees surrounding the dying tree show injury in lesser degree, which develops later than of the tree most seriously injured, thus suggesting the spread of an organism from one tree to the other. ““A dry rot of the sugar beet caused by Corticium vagum,”’ by B. L. Richards. A serious and apparently undescribed rot of the sugar beet has been ob- served during the past season in a number of beet fields in northern Utah and southern Idaho. The disease, as it appears in the field, is confined to some- what definitely delimited areas wherein every beet may become infected. The toots of the diseased beets show circular lesions characterized by very promi- nent alternating light and dark brown concentric rings. The disease is typi- cally a dry rot. In the later stages a deep pocket, partly filled with a dry pulp composed of mycelium and decayed host tissue, results at each point of infec- tion. With numerous points of attack the beet by harvest time may be con- verted into a dry, pithy mass. Numerous isolations from sugar beets, taken from a number of fields, have given what, from cooperative studies, appears to be a single strain of Corticium vagum B. & C. Inoculation shows this strain to be extremely virulent, and lesions have been produced on normal healthy beets with unusual uniformity. W. A. MvurRRILL INDEX TO AMERICAN MYCOLOGICAL LITERATURE Anderson, H. W. Diseases of Illinois fruits. Univ. Ill. Agr. Exp. Sta. Circ. 241: 3-155. pl. 1, 2, f. 1-60, Ap e@2zo, Atanosoff, D. Fusarium-blight (scab) of wheat and other cere- als. Jour. Agr. Research 20: 1-32. pl.\1-4) 9. Tee ae eze. Bisby, G. R. & Tolaas, A. G. Potato diseases in Minnesota. Univ. Minn. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 190: 1-44. f. 26." Jev1920. Bitting, K. G. The effect of certain agents on the development of some moulds (Penicillium expansum, Alternaria Solam, and Otdium lactis). Pp. 1-176. pl. 1-62. Washington. N 1920. Bonar, L. Wilt of white clover, due to Brachysporium Trifolu. Phytopath. 10: 435-441. f. I-3. 1920. Boyce, J..S. The dry-rot of incense cedar. U.S Wegmenct: Bull, 871 2:1-56.. pl. 1-3, f.- 1-3: 1 ftouNvie2e: Brandes, E. W. Mosaic disease of corn. Jour. Agr. Research Ig: 517-521. pl. 05, 96. 16 Au 1920. | Bresadola, G. Selecta mycologia. Ann. Myc. 18: 26-70. 1920. Includes 2 new genera and 45 new species from America. Cheyney, E. G. Preliminary investigation of Ribes as a con- trolling factor in the spread of white pine blister rust. Science 1152: 342-245, 8 © 10920. Clinton, G. P. New or unusual plant injuries and diseases, found in Connecticut, 1916-1919. Conn. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 222: 307-482. pl. 33-55. Aa 1920. Coker, W. C. & Couch, J. N. A new species of Achyla. Jour. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 36: 100, 101. 1920. Doolittle, S. P. The mosaic disease of cucurbits. U. S. Dept. Agr. Bull. 879: 1-69, pl. I-10. 15 N 1920. Earle, F. S. La extirpacion del mosaico de la cafla como medio de represion. Puerto Rico Dept. Agr. y Trab. Bol. 22: 1-19. a O20. 126 INDEX TO AMERICAN MycoOLoOGICAL LITERATURE 17 Earle, F. S. Sugar cane root disease. Jour. Dept. Agr. Porto Rico 4:27. Ja 1920. Greaves, J. E. & Carter, E.G. Influence of moisture on the bac- - terial activities of the soil. Soil Sci. 10: 361-387. f. 1-4. N 1920. Harvey, R. B. Some enemies of the potato. Sci. Am. Mo. 2: 120-122. f. I-9. O 1920. Hayes, H. K., Parker, J. H. & Kurtzweil, C. Genetics of rust re- - sistance in crosses of varieties of Triticum vulgare with varie- ties of T. durum and T. dicoccum. Jour. Agr. Research 19: 523-542. pl. 97-102. 1S 1920. Hohnel, F. Mykologische fragmenti. Ann. Myc. 18: 71-97. 1920. Includes Valseutypella gen. nov., from North America. Holbert, J. R. & Hoffer, G. N. Control of the root, stalk and ear rot diseases of corn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Farmers’ Bull, 1176: 3-24. f. I-25. S 1920. Hubert, E. E. Observations on Cytospora chrysosperma in the northwest. Phytopath. 10: 442-447. 1920. Kirby, R. S. & Thomas, H. E. The take-all disease of wheat in New York state. Science II. 52: 368-369. 15 O 1920. Kunkel, L. 0. Further data on the orange-rusts of Rubus. Jour. Agr. Research 19: 501-512. pl. D & pl. 92-94. 16 Au 1920. Kunkel, L. 0. & Orton, C. R. The behavior of American potato varieties in the presence of the wart.. U. S. Dept. Agr. Circ. ii te-17. 7. 2,3: O 1920. Kunkel, L. O. & Orton, C. R. A new host for the potato wart disease: .U. S. Dept. AigieCitc. PEL «17. 16.7. 44, © 1920, LaRue, C. D. Isolating single spores. Bot. Gaz. 70: 319-320. 19 O 1920. Lyman, G. R. Potato wart in the United States. U. S. Dept. Pee Circ, 111: 3410. f. F.\O 1920. ° : Matz, J. A new vascular organism in sugar cane. Jour. Dept. Agr. Porto Rico 4: 41-46. f. 7-9. Ja 1920. Plasmodiophoia vascularum sp. nov. 128 MYcoLoGIA Matz, J. Investigations of root disease of sugar cane. Jour. Dept. Agr. Porto Rico 4: 28-40. f. 1-6. . Ja 1920. Matz, J. El Mal.del guineo. Puerto Rico, Depe Aer iy ene: Cire. 25: 1-7. My 1920. Nowell, W. & Williams, C. B. Sugar cane blight in Trinidad: a summary of conclusions. Bull. Dept. Agr. Trinidad & Tobago 19: 8-10. 1920. . Reed, G.M. Varietal resistance and susceptibility of oats to pow- dery mildew, crown rusts and smuts. Mo. Agr. Exp. Sta. Re- search Bull. 37: 3-41. pl. 4. Jl 1920. 3 Robbins, W. J. & Massey, A. B. The effect of certain environ- | mental conditions on the rate of destruction of vanillin by a soil bacterium. Soil Sci. 10: 237-246. f. 1. S 1920. Stakman, L. J. A Helminthosporium disease of wheat and rye. Univ. Mo. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 191: 1-18. pl. 1-5. Jl 1920. Stillinger, C. R. Apple black rot (Sphaeropsis malorum Berk.) in Oregon. Phytopath. 10: 453-458. . 1920. Taubenhaus, J. H. Wilts of the watermelon and related crops (Fusarium wilts of cucurbits). Texas Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 2605300) | gin Pilozoe Thiel, A. F. & Weiss, F. The effect of citric acid on the germina- tion of the teliospores of Puccima graminis Tritict. Phytopath. 10> 448-452. f. 1. 1920: 3 Whiting, A. L. & Hansen, R. Cross-inoculation studies with nodule bacteria of lima beans, navy beans, cowpeas, and others ~ of the cowpea group. Soil Sci. 10> 201-3007 Oaaze: Wolf, F. A. A little-known vetch disease. Jour. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 36: 72-85. pl. 2-6. S 1920. © Caused by Protocoronospora nigricans Atk. & Edg., of the Melanconiaceae. ah reson of Sot Aner, by v S: ‘White. : ge > 95. Studies ia North Amerian Peronosporales=1 ‘West Wilson. Pai aenlilae by. W. A Manas ine: Po sruvenestes te A. Murr ll, Boleti of ie Trt Herbari : Sgr ee “Nectria Pesize, by . 4 ei by F. 3 eure ‘(Gpeciat price 50 cents). 2 chaane Grasses i in the Sorted States, Pas tae pals H aye ‘ loyear?. single copies not for. sale. 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Papers presented at the Celebration of- ‘the Tw ‘sary. of the New York: Botanical Garden. _viti + $92 ‘PP. ee many text figures. 1916. ° gare . Contributions from ‘the New York Botanical Garde \ nical papers written by students or. members of the staff, pnd 1 journals other than the above. | Nias 25 cents: fasta ne ' the ninth olan: ney 2 Ellis,and B.M. Everhart in 1885 ALPHONSO MURRILL oe 2xINL-MAY, 1921 No, ‘i r i I -PREDJ.SEAVER “TYOZABURO TANAKA Smuts and Rusts of N , HN Bs the: t 4 New . or Noteworthy Geoglossaceae ‘ ex to American Mycological Literature 53 F 2 +. Ys a: fe , es ES x / 2 5 : j ° n-"conaby I. ConipIAL STAGE, HAINESIA LYTHRI (Desm.) v. Hohn. 1. Dacryomyces lythri Desm. Pl. Crypt. France No. 1545. 1846. 2. Sphaeronema corneum C. & E. Grev. 6: 84. 1878. *3. Gloeosporium? tremellinum Sacc. Michelia 2: 168. 1880. 4. Gloesporium? rhoinum Sacc. Fungi Italici, Pl. 1035. Jl. 1881. SHEAR AND DopGE : PATELLINA, LEPTOTHYRIUM, PEziIzA 1638 *5. Hainesia rhoina (Sacc.) Ell. & Sacc. Syll. Fun. 3: 609. 1884. 6. Tubercularia rhois Halsted. Seymour & Earl. Economic Fungi No. err teo3. Also. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 20: 251. 1893. *7, Hainesia epilobit Eliasson. Bih. K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. III, 22: 16. 1896. *8. Hainesia castaneae Oud. Ned. Kruid. Archief Ver. Med. Ned. Bot. Ver. i 275.5. ° 1902; *9. Hainesia rostrupit Oud. Ned. Kruid. Archief Ver. Med. Ned. Bot. Ver. III, 2 psO 1902. 10. Hainesia lythri (Desm.) v. Hohn. Frag. Myc. (in Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien. 115: 687. 1906). *11. Tubercularia zythioides C. Massal. Madonna Verona 2: 39. 1908. 12. Hymenula rhoina (Sacc.) Bub. & Kab. Kabat & Bubak, Fungi Imp. Exe. No. 749. 1910. 13. Patellina fragariae Stevens & Peterson. Phytopathology 6: 264. 1916. Il. PycnipIAL STAGE, SCLEROTIOPSIS CONCAVA (Desm.) n. comb. r= Ceutnospora concava Desm. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. Ser. III. 8: 17. 1847. . 2. Leptothyrium macrothecium Fckl. Symb. Myc. 383. 1870. 3. Leptothyrium protuberans Sacc. Michelia 2: 351. Mr. 1881. Syll. Fun. B26 25. T884, 4. Sclerotiopsis australasica Speg. Ann. Soc. cien. Arg. 13: 14. 1882. 5. Sporonema dubium C. Massal. Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 21: 166. Apr. 1889. F 6. Sporonema quercicolum C. Massal. Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 21: 166. Apr. 18809. *7, Leptothyrium borzianum F. Tassi. Rev. Myc. 18: 171. pl. 173 F. 1806. *8. Sclerotiopsis potentillae Oud. Ned. Kruid. Archief III Ver. Med. Ned. Bots. Vers. 2:>, 248. . 1900. *g. Sclerotiopsis pelargonii Scalia. Mycetes Siculi Novi. II. 2. 1903. 10. Sclerotiopsis rubt C. Massal. Malpighia. 20: 166. 1906. 11. Sporonema pulvinatum Shear. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 34: 308, 309. 1907. 12. Ceuthospora rubi Petrak. nomen nudum. Flora Bohem. et Morav. Exs. Momeanz ith Ser, Abt. Lig: 11. ..toT2. Ik AsScoGENOUS STAGE, PEZIZELLA LYTHRI (Desm.) n. comb. 1. Peziza (Mollisia) oenotherae C. & E. Grev. 6: 90. Mr. 1878. ee-ezizeila oenotherae (C. & E.) Sacc. Syll. 8: 278. Dec. 20, 1889. *No authentic specimens seen. EXSICCATI EXAMINED HAINESIA LYTHRI. | Desmaziéres, J. B. H. J. Pl. Crypt. France 1545 as Dacryomyces lythri Desm. 1846. Ellis & Everhart. N. A. Fun. 846. Peziza oenotherae C. & E. with sporodochia (Sphaeronema corneum, C. & E.). 1881 or 1882. Seymour & Earle. Econ. Fun. 273. Tubercularia rhois Halsted. 18093. 164 Myco.ocia Ellis & Everhart. Fun. Col. 244. Peziza oenotherae C. & E. with sporo- dochia also in the four sets examined. 1894. Ellis & Everhart. N. A. Fun. 2074. Sphaeronema corneum C. & E. Ellis & Everhart. N. A. Fun. 2278. Hainesia rhoina (Sace.) Ell. & Sac: Kabat & Bubak. Fun. Imp. Exs. 749. Hymenula rhoina (Sacc.) Bub. & kab.= 1010. SCLEROTIOPSIS CONCAVA. Desmaziéres.. Pl. Crypt. France 1625. Ceuthospora concava Desm. 1847. Fuckel. Fun. Rhen. 551, 553, 1714. Leptothyriwm macrothecium Fckl. 1870. : Roumeguere, C. Fun. Sel. Gal. 516. Phoma protuberans Lévy. 1870. Vestergren, T. Mic. Rar. Sel. 61. Leptothyrium protuberans Sacc: 1882. Ellis & Everhart. N. A. Fun. 733. Leptothyrium protuberans Sacc. 1881. Ellis & Everhart. Fun. Col. 287. Leptothyrium protuberans Sacc. 1894. Ellis & Everhart. Fun. Col. 244. Peziza oenotherae C.& E. with pycnidia and sporodochia. 1894. , Petrak. Fl, Boh. & Moray. Exs. Ser. I], 1 Abts ssi2)™" Cauthospone TUDE NSP. «, 1OM2. PEZIZELLA LYTHRI. Ellis & Everhart. ._N. A. Fun: 846. Peziza oenotherae Cy & 1881 and 1882. Only the conidial stage, Hainesia lythri, on specimens of this number in Herb. U. S. Dept. Agr. and N- YY. Botr Garden: Ellis & Everhart. Fun. Col. 244. Peztza oenotherae C: & TE. iso4. Ellis & Everhart. Fun. Col. 287. Leptothyrium protuberans Sace. 1894. The discocarps are also found with this in the specimens of one set of this number in the Herb. N. Y. Bot. Garden. ILLUSTRATIONS CONIDIAL STAGE. é Saccardo. Fungi ital. pla rogisae “Tes Saccardo.) Fung: Ital pl. reso.” 1881; Stevens & Peterson. Phytopath. 6: figs. 19-26. 1916. Engler & Prantl. Pflanzenfam. I, 1**: 400 fig. 206 A-C. 1900. PYCNIDIAL. STAGE. Fuckel. “Syimibs Myc. "pls. 3) figs 285 18/70. Saccardo. Fungi Ital. pl. 1489. 1886. Richon. Cat. Champ. Marne Doi 520, OTSso, Massalongo, C. Mem. Accad. Agr. Verona Ser. II],-65;:, plirs) me.) ole XX n88e, Tassin- “Reve Myc 1627 pl 173i. 8). araoo, Oudemans. Med. Kruid. Archief III. 2: pl. 1, fig. 6. 1900. Shear. - U. S. Dept. Agr: Plant. Ind. Bull: 100, pl. 5) figs(25—267 =160m Laibach. Arb: K. Biol. Anst. Land. wu. Forst. 6%. 79. tie. eieee. Allescher.. Rab: Crypt. Fl. 1:* Abt. 72 318, 334.7 330.0noae SHEAR AND DopcE : PATELLINA, LEPTOTHYRIUM, PeEz1za 165 DISTRIBUTION Americas. The fungus has been found in one or more of its three fruiting conditions in Ontario (Canada), Maine, Massa- chusetts, New York, New Jersey, Maryland, District of Colum- bia, Virginia, North Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Wisconsin, Min- nesota, Ohio, Tennessee, Louisiana, Texas, Washington ( United States), and Argentina (South America). Europe. Swedén, Holland, France, Germany, Bohemia, Italy. Hosts In the Americas the conidial stage has been found on dead spots on living leaves, or on mature fruit, dead leaves, petioles or stems of the following plants: Acer rubrum, Ampelopsis quinque- folia, Castanca dentata, Castanea (dentata X ?),Cercis canadensis, Cornus canadensis, Duchesnia indica, Epilobium angustifolium, Eucalyptus globulus, Fragaria virgimana, Ff. virginiana chiloensis, F, mexicana, Gaultheria procumbens, Gaura biennis, Hicoria glabra, Jambosa (Eugenia) vulgaris, Lythrium salicaria, Nyssa sylvatica, Oenothera biennis, Vaccinium macrocarpum, Pelargo- nium capitatum, Pelargonium zonale, Populus nigra italica, Po- ‘tentilla canadensis, Prunus scrotina, Oucrcus alba, OQ. rubra, QO. velutina, Rhus copallina, R. glabra, R. cotinus, R. toxicodendrum, R. typhina, Ribes prostrata, Rosa rugosa prostrata, Rubus occi- dentalis var. (cult. black raspberry), R. strigosus var. (cult. red raspberry), RK. idaeus, R. setosus, Rubus spp. (wild blackberry), Rubus villosus var. (Lucretia dewberry), Salix humilis, Smilax rotundifolia, Ulmus sp., Vitis cordifolia. The pycnidial stage has been found on all of the above hosts with the exception of Ampelopsis, Cercis, Cornus, Duchecnia, Geranium and Ribes. | The ascogenous stage has been found on Castanea (den- tata < °), Gaura biennis, Oenothera .biennis, Prunus serotina, Steironema. ciliata, Rubus strigosus idacus (cult. var.), R. villo- sus var. (Lucretia dewberry) and Rubus sp. (wild blackberry ). All hosts from the United States and Canada except the fol- lowing are here reported for the first time: Fragaria, Ocnothera, Rhus, Rubus, and Vaccinium. 166 MyYcoLoGIa CONCLUSION Too much emphasis cannot be placed upon the great need for serious and concentrated effort in improving the conditions in mycology, which are so strikingly illustrated by the results of the present study. With such confusion prevailing in the taxonomy and such lack of knowledge of the morphology of the fungi as is here indicated, it is imperative that all mycologists and patholo- gists should unite in trying to remedy these conditions and to es- tablish a fairly stable system of nomenclature and terminology for the fungi. The most practical and effective plan yet suggested for establishing generic names is to fix a type species for each genus, which shall furnish a basis for a definite application and interpretation of the genus. We cannot hope for complete agree- ment as to the exact limitations of genera, but the application of the generic type method would at least insure that a certain species or small group of species would always be inseparabie from the generic name. This would certainly be a great improve- ment over the present practice so frequently followed of shifting the generic name from one species or group of species to another group with little or no consideration for the original species of the genus. os This work aiso emphasizes the need of more careful study and comparison of all the morphological characters of the differ- ent forms or stages of the pleomorphic fungi. The various co- nidial and pycnidial fructifications when thoroughly studied and compared in detail will, we beiieve, show points of resemblance or difference which can be coordinated with their relationships to each other and to their perfect stages. Such knowledge com- — bined with that derived from life history studies will prob- ably provide the best foundation for determining the natural relationships of genera and species as well as the higher groups. The failure to appreciate the significance of the confusion and lack of knowledge of various genera involved in the present taxonomic practice has apparently lead some to think that the conidial and pycnidial stages of ascomycetes show no consistent resemblances or differences of taxonomic value, and are therefore of little or no use in determining the relationships of genera and SHEAR AND DopGE : PATELLINA, LEPTOTHYRIUM, PEzIzA 167 species. It is said, for example, that species of Gloeosporium are conidial forms of such diverse and distantly related asco- mycetes as Glomerella and Pseudopeziza. When, however, one studies and compares carefully the so-called species of Gloeo- sporium involved, it is found that they are very different, and could not on a purely morphological basis be considered con- generic. The present genus Gloeosporium as treated by Sac- cardo, for example, contains a heterogeneous collection of many imperfectly .known and poorly described forms, really belonging to various and sometimes widely separated genera having in some cases only very slight superficial resemblances. The same is true of most of the large genera of the so-called fungi imperfecti. SUMMARY This paper contains an account of the life history, morphology and taxonomy of a discomycete, Pezigella lythri (Desm.) Shear and Dodge, which is found on a great variety of plants and plant parts and has three stages in its life cvcle: sporodochia, pycnidia and apothecia. The conidial stage has received at least seven generic and ten specific names. It belongs to the form genus Hainesia and was described as the monotype of that genus. Its first specific name so far as at present known 1s lythri, it having been described as Dacryomyces lythri by Desmaziéres in 1846. The new combina- tion Hainesia lythri (Desm.) was proposed by von Hohnel in 1906. The pycnidial stage has also been described under various generic and specific names. It has been referred to at least four different genera and has had at least twelve specific names. It is the type of the genus Sclerotiopsis and its oldest specific name at present known is concava, it having been described at Ceutho- spora concava by Desmaziéres in 1847. The new combination, Sclerotiopsis concava (Desm.) Shear and Dodge is therefore pro- posed for it. The ascogenous or perfect stage has been described but once so faras known. Cooke & Ellis described it as Peziza (Mollisia) oenotherae in 1878 from stems of Oenotherae biennis collected 168 MycoLociIa in New Jersey. Later Saccardo transferred it to the genus Pezi- zella as P. oenotherae (C. & E.) Sacc. tis tet for regen sent in this genus. Adopting, however, the oldest known specific name applied to any stage, it becomes Pegigella lythri (Desm.) new combination. This fungus in one or another of its stages has been found on about fifty different host plants widely distributed through North America and Europe, and is also found in South America. The cultural and morphological characteristics of the various stages are described. | Cross inoculation experiments show that the fungus is a weak parasite and passes readily under favorable conditions from one host to another. : Fhe chaos, which at present prevails in the taxonomy and mor- phology of the ascomycetes is discussed and the imperative need of establishing a more stable system of nomenclature pointed out. The application of the type method, it is believed, would accom- plish this end. The great need and importance of life history studies is em- phasized, as such studies will suppiy important data for deter- mining the natural relationships of the genera and species of fungi and also furnish information of exceeding value and direct bearing on phytopathological problems. Bureau OF PLANT INDUSTRY, WasHincTon, D. C. LITERATURE CITED 1823. Kunze,-G., Kuaze & Schmidt:. Myk.* Heft. 27) 92 1846.. \Desmaziéres, J. Bo HH: J... Pl: Crypt:':-France> Sem Ue Niewamace 1846. Léveillé, J. H. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. Ser. IT. 5: 28r. 1847. Desmaziéres, J. B. H. J. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. Ser. III. 8: 17. 1851. Westendorp, G. D. Herb. Crypt. Belge No. 544. 1870. Fuckel, L. Symb. Myc. 383. pl. 2, fig. 28. 1871. Karsten, P. A. Myc. Fenn. 1: 15, 187. 1878. Cooke, M. C. & Ellis, J. B. Grev. 6: 84, 90. 1880.. Saccardo, P. A. Mich. 2: 168. 1881. Fun ital pla si0s5 71630: 1882, ————. Mich, 2: ‘540. 1882. Micha 2.574. 1882. Spegazzini, C. An. cien. Argentina 13: 14 1884. Saccardo, P. A. Syll. Fun. 3: 635. 1884. Syll. Fun: 3 600. SHEAR AND DopGE : PATELLINA, LEPTOTHYRIUM, PEziza 169 1889a. Massalongo, C. Nuovo Gior. Bot. Ital. 21: 166, 167. 1880b. Mem. Acad. Agr. Art. Com. Verona: III. 65: pl. 3, figs. eo X= XX. 1889. Saccardo, P. A. Syll. Fun. 8: 278. meSosrvialsted, B. D. Bull. Torr..Bot. Club.°20: 251. wegen Lassi, KF. Rev. Myc. 18: 171. 1897. Eliasson, A. G. Bih..K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Afd. III. 22: 16. 1900. Qudemans, C. A. J. A. Ned. Kruid. Archief III. 2: 248, pl. 1, fig. 6. tgo1. Allescher, A. Rab. Krypt. Fl. I, 6: 416. woe2)) Oudemans, C. A. J. A. Ned. Kruid: Archief III. 2: 755, 756. 1903. Scalia, G. Atti Accad. Gioenia Sci. Nat. Catania IV.-17: 14. 1906. Massalongo, C. Malphighia 20: 166. mgoo,- HOhnel, F. v. Frag. Myc. in Sitz. K. Akad. Wiss. Math. Nat. 115: 687, 688. ngo7. shear, C,:L.. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 34: 308, 3009. 1908. Laibach, F. Arb. K. Biol. Anst. Land- u. Forst. 6: 79. 1908. Massalongo, C. Madonna Verona 2: 39. 1910. Boudier, E. Icones Myc. pl. 526e. torr. Diedicke, H. Ann. Myc. 9: 282. nour.) betrak, F..; Flora Bohem. et Morav. Ser. II, 1 Abt. Pilze Exs. No.': 1912. Bubak, F. & Kabat, J. E. Hedwigia 52: 1363. 1913. Saccardo, P. A. Ann. Myc. 11: 549. 1914. Hohnel, F. v. Zeits. Garungsphysiol. 4: 218. 1916. Stevens, F. L., & Peterson, A. Phytopathology 6: 264. 1918. Hohnel, F. v. Hedwigia 60: 163. 1918. Jones, F. R. Jour. Agr. Research 13: 301-330. toro. Hohnel, F. v. Ber. Deuts. Bot. Ges. 37: 109. G1 — ho EXPLANATION OF PLATES 8—10 PEZIZELLA LYTHRI (Desm.) Shear & Dodge PuaTe 8. Conidial stage, Hainesia lythri (Desm.) v. Hohn. Fig. 1. Small sporodochia on white carpel of dewberry, also inycelia of moulds that often follow this fungus. X Io. Fig. 2. Large sporodochia on red raspberry, two showing irregularly lobed margin. X 15. Fig. 3. Sporodochia on strawberry showing conical mass of conidia. Pa. 10, Bige 4, ‘Typical forms on strawberry, X 15. Fig. 5. Two sporodochia from old cultures on cut surface of apple. The one at left developed normally, that on right remained closed and became darkened. It contained mature spores. X 15. Fig. 6. Sporodochia from the same cultures as fig. 5. These resemble pyc- nidia with large ostioles from which broad, white cirrhi of spores are protrud- mee X 1S: Fig. 7. Mature sporodochia on agar. The spore masses have become heavy so that most of the sporodochia have fallen over showing the stalk- fice basal portions. xX 10. 170 MyYcoLocIA Fic. 8. Sporodochium from the same culture as fig. 7, after the spore mass was removed showing the cup shaped body with lobed margin. 20. Fig. 9. Section of young cylindrical sporodochium from strawberry. The sporophores from the base are much longer than those from the sides. : xX 100. Fig. 10. Section of a conidial fructification from strawberry. The spore mass free from the sporophores. X 300. PLATE 9. Pyenidial stage, Sclerotiopsis concava (Desm.) Shear & Dodge Fig. 11. Pyenidia on cane of black raspberry. Note the lines radiating from each pycnidium showing the effect of the fungus in causing a wrinkling of the host tissues. Fig. 12. Pycnidia on dead leaf of Steironema ciliatum showing concave condition of the mature, dried fruit body, dehiscence not yet occurred. X 2%. Fig. 13. Immature pycnidia on leaf of Epiiobium. X 12. Fig. 14. Pyenidia on dewberry canes. The longitudinal cracks show where the cuticle has ruptured. The walls of the pycnidia are still un- broken. a) <5: Fig. 15. Pycnidia from the specimen shown in Fig. 11, but more highly magnified to show the irregular cracking of the pycnidial wall in dehiscence. Fig. 16. Section of a very small mature pycnidium showing the original orientation of cells in the upper wall and the middle, dark colored tissue in the basal wall. xX 240. ; Fig. 17. Cross section of an overwintered pycnidium on dewberry cane, showing the cuticle and the cuticularized layer of the epidermis tightly stretched, and region at the center showing where the walls of spores are being transformed into a mucilaginous substance the swelling of which bursts the pycnidium. X 8o. PLATE 10. Ascogenous stage, Pezizella lythri (Desm.) Shear & Dodge (except fig. 18). Fig. 18. An old sporodochium (a) and a young pycnidium (6) on rotting strawberry. The spore cavity in the pycnidium is just being formed. The dark colored middle layer of the wall along the base is well shown here. X 8o. Fig. 19. Section of a mature discocarp from dewberry. The spores are deeply stained. XX 300. Fig. 20. Section of a discocarp showing a stalk-like base, from leaf of wild blackberry. The discocarps originate intraepidermally. This is evident as portions of epidermal cells are clearly seen at the base. XX 150. Fig. 21. Part of a section of a discocarp highly magnified, showing the arrangement of the spores in the asci, and the paraphyses projecting above the asci. X 600. é Fig. 22. Small but old discocarp from dewberry leaf showing portions of the epidermis among the cells at the base. X 150. MycoLoGiA VOLUME 13, PLATE PEZIZELLA LYTHRI (DEsM.) SHEAR & DODGE . ‘ + ~ g MYCOLOGIA VOLUME 13, PLATE 9 SCLEROTIOPSIS CONCAVA SHEAR & DODGE ee 2 MYcOLOoGIA VOLUME 13, PLATE I0 PEZIZELLA LYTHRI (DeEsm.) SHEAR & DODGE LIGHT-COLORED RESUPINATE POLY PORES—IV WILLIAM A. MuRRILL The last article, devoted to red or reddish species, appeared in the March number of Mycologia. In the present article, 1 pro- pose to discuss some of the resupinate forms in which yellow is the predominant color. 74. PORIA AUREA Peck, Ann. Rep. N. Y. State Mus. 43:67. 1890 Described as follows from specimens collected by Peck at Sevey, New York, in July on decaying wood of sugar maple : mediuised, 1rorming patches several inches in extent,)2 to 3 lines thick, separable from the matrix, golden yellow; subiculum thin, sub-gelatinous, the young margin byssoid or fimbriate, greenish-yellow, soon disappearing ; pores small, subrotund, elon- gated, the dissepiments thin, rather soft.” This species, which seems to occur on both deciduous and co- niferous wood, has been confused with Poria subacida, even by Peck himself. According to Overholts, the spores are oblong or short-cylindric, smooth, hyaline, 5.5-7.5 X 2.5-3.5m@; cystidia large, hyaline, abundant, projecting. I find the types to be near _ P. subacida, but a richer golden-yellow and apparently more fragile. 75. PORIA SULPHURELLA (Peck) Sacc. Syll. Fung. 9: 190. 18901 Polyporus sulphurelius Peck, Ann. Rep. N. Y. State Mus. 42: 123. 1889. Described as follows from specimens collected by Peck in Sep- tember on dead poplar bark in the Catskill Mountains: “Resupinate, effused, very thin, following the inequalities of the matrix; subiculum and margin downy, white; pores very short, minute, rotund, very pale-yellow, often with a slight sal- mon tint, the dissepiments obtuse.” 171 wo MycoLocia The types are well preserved at Albany, and Overholts has found the spores to be cylindric or allantoid, hyaline, 3-5 X I-2 p; cystidia none. 76. PoRIA LEUCOLOMEA (Lév.) Cooke, Grevillea 14 3iaiz eso Polyporus leucolomeus Lév. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 5: 140. 1846. Described as follows from specimens collected by Menand at New York City, probably on red cedar: “Pileo tenui resupinato undique adnato, margine albo tomen- toso sterili, poris mediis superficialibus angulatis ore lacerato- dentatis ochraceo-fulvis. ; “Chapeau large de 2 a 4 centimetres, membraneux, adherent par tous ses points. Cette espéce se distinguera facilement a ses pores, qui sont d’un jaune fauve, ainsi que par sa marge blanche, tomenteuse et stérile.” This species was not found at Kew, and my notes made at Paris contain no mention of it. The description is inadequate without a look at the type. Compare Poria subincarnata. 77, PORIA. VITELLINA (Schw.) Cooke,. Grevilleac i410; (eee Boletus vitellinus Schw. Schr: Nat. Ges. Leipzig 1: Too. 1622. Described as follows from specimens collected by Schweinitz on dead wood in North Carolina: “Subexpansa molliuscula, margine byssino, poris magnis ele- vatis opacioribus. “Rarus fungus in fissuris lignorum, maxime putridorum, ni-— dulat. Color pulcherrime vitellinus, post exsiccationem remanet. Port molles.” Several different plants have been determined as this species by Morgan, Ellis, and others, but I have seen none so named that appear to match the very fragmentary types at Mew oeme species were white, I should place it near Poria incerta. 78. PORIA AURANTIOPALLENS (Berk. & Curt.) Cooke, Grevillea P4ee T1205 ooo | Polyporus aurantiopallens Berk. & Curt, Grevillea 1: 53. 1872. Described as follows from specimens collected on pine in South Carolina: Murritt : LIGHT-COLORED RESUPINATE PoLyporES 173 ‘“ Suborbicularis, margine elevato obtuso cinctus; poris parvis. “About an inch wide; margin obtuse raised; pores Mo inch wide. Allied apparently to P. bombycinits.” The type at Kew is 1.2 cm. in diameter and 1-2 mm. .thick; margin elevated, whitish-pubescent; tubes pale-orange-yellow ; context firm. 79. PORIA TEGILLARIS Berk, Grevillea 15: 25. 1886 Described as follows from specimens in Berkeley’s herbarium collected on dead wood in Carolina: “ Effusa, indeterminate, tenuissima, flavo-fuscescens, substrato obsoleto; poris aequalibus, rotundatis, minimis, dissepimentis tenuibus. “Reduced to a mere porous stratum following the inequalities of the wood.” Little idea can be gained of this species by seeing the type, and it is a pity that Cooke published Berkeley’s name. 80. Portia CHRYSOBAPHA (Berk. & Curt.) Cooke, Grevillea TAS eI Ise TOSG Polyporus, chrysobaphus Berk. & Curt. Grevillea 1: 53. 1872. Described as follows from specimens collected by Feters in Alabama : “Totus resupinatus, immarginatus, aureo-olivaceus; poris elongatis obliquis; sporis ferrugineis. No. 6342. Alabama. Peters. , “Entirely resupinate without any distinct margin; of a golden yellow, inclining to olive; pores elongated, oblique, 46 inch wide ; Spores ferruginous.” The type at Kew is so very poor, being a mere fragment 2 X I cm., that it is difficult to get a true idea of the plant from it; but the olive-yellow tubes and ferruginous spores should be quite characteristic. Compare a specimen from Ohio so determined by Morgan. 174 MyYcCOoLOGIA 81. PoRIA FLAVIPORA Berk. & Curt. Grevillea 15: 25. 1886 Described as follows from specimens collected on dead wood in Venezuela by Fendler. “Effusa, indeterminata, tenuis, alutaceo, v. ochraceo-favida, margine radiante, tenuiore, albido; poris inaequalibus, minimis, angulatis, confluentibusque, dissepimentis tenuibus, acutis.” Types have been examined at Kew and also in the Garden herbarium. 82. Poria ochracea sp. nov. Effused for many centimeters, continuous so far as the sub- stratum will allow, inseparable, I mm. thick; margin wide and conspicuous in young stages, thin, appressed, membranous, to- mentose, pallid, becoming much reduced in age; context pallid, not apparent in age; hymenium somewhat uneven, appearing in patches on the subiculum and becoming continuous, not glisten- ing, ochraceous when fresh, isabelline in dried specimens; tubes large, firm, angular, very regular, thin-walled, entire, 1 mm. long, 2-3 to a mm.; spores smooth, pip-shaped, hyaline, 4.5 X 2; no cystidia observed. Type collected on a decayed fallen oak limb in mixed woods at Crabbottom, Virginia, 3,000 ft. elevation, July 17-21, 1904, W. A. Murrill 183. 83. Poria flavida sp. nov. Effused for several centimeters, continuous, inseparable, 1-3 mm. thick; margin conspicuous in young stages, very thin, ap- pressed, membranous, yellow, more or less disappearing with age; context thin, pallid, soon inconspicuous; hymenium arising in patches, becoming almost continuous, rather uneven, not glis- tening, a fine yellow when fresh, discolored-isabelline in dried specimens ; tubes very large, angular, irregular, about 1 to a mm., the edges very thin, entire to lacerate, soft, fragile, and col- lapsing; spores ellipsoid, smooth, hyaline, uniguttulate, copious, 5 X 3.5; cystidia not observed. Type collected on decayed pieces of pine timber at Pointe a la Hache, Louisiana, in 1886, A. B.. Langlois 54) >) Aunemaes packet collected by Langlois at the same place January 17, 1886, contains golden-yellow mycelium which grew, in sawdust in pine Murritt : LIGHT-COLORED RESUPINATE PoLyporEs 175 woods. This may belong to the same fungus, but one can not be certain of it. 84. Poria Calkinsii sp. nov. Effused for a few or several centimeters, becoming continuous, I-2 mm. thick; margin conspicuous, appressed, tomentose, isa- belline in dried specimens; context a distinct isabelline mem- brane; hymenium first appearing at the center of circular patches of subiculum, becoming continuous, even, glistening, isabelline in aiied specimens; tubes firm, angular, regular, 1-2 mm. long, 4 to a mm., edges at first rather thick and entire, becoming thin and lacerate; spores broadly ellipsoid, smooth, hyaline, rounded at the ends, uniguttulate, 4 X 2.5 p. Type collected on fallen corticated hardwood branches in Florida, W. W. Calkins 521. What appears to be the same spe- cies was collected by Ellis on dead maple limbs at Newfield, New Jersey, 1 October, 1874. 85. Poria Parksii sp. nov. Entire plant .pale-yellow when fresh, becoming distinctly fla- vous on drying; effused for a few centimeters, continuous, sep- arable, thin; margin conspicuous, tomentose, more or less membranous; context like the margin; hymenium becoming con- tinuous, rather. even, not glistening; tubes short, small, thin- walled, with entire to lacerate edges, the mouths circular at first, becoming angular and longer than broad; spores copious, smooth, hyaline, subglobose, uniguttulate, 4; cystidia none. The type of this unusually attractive, bright-yellow species was collected beneath leaves on roots of tan-bark oak in a dense oak forest at the Boys’ Outing Farm, Saratoga, California, Janu- ary 13, 1921, Harold E. Parks 965. Said by Mr. Parks to have been collected at the same place in February, 1919, and,sent to the University of California. Growing in this way under a heavy deposit of leaves, the specimens I have seen may be abnormally developed. 86. Poria subradiculosa sp. nov. Effused for several centimeters, becoming continuous, insep- arable, 2-4 mm. thick; margin very broad and conspicuous in young stages, thin, appressed, membranous, white to orange- AG See MycoLocia yellow, often connected with long, branching, rhizomorphic strands; context membranous, white or yellowish, varying in thickness; hymenium appearing in patches, becoming continuous and somewhat abnormally vesiculose, uneven, not glistening, bright-orange-yellow when fresh; tubes large, irregular, angular, I-3 mm. long, I-2 to a mm., edges thin, collapsing and becoming lacerate with age; spores ellipsoid, smooth, hyaline, copious, about 5X 2.5 p. Type collected on decayed pine bark and leaves at Biloxi, Mis- sissippi, September 6, 1904, Mrs. F. S. Earle 4o. What apears to be a form of the same thing was collected on the under side of pine chips at Auburn, Alabama, January, 1896, by L. M. Underwood. The mycelium was yellow when fresh, widely creeping, the smaller strands whitish; subiculum cottony- flocculent, yellowish, forming at first irregular, thin-walled tubes without the development of any further context; mature tubes irregularly labyrinthiform, deep-golden-yellow, 1-2 to a mm, edges entire, soft when fresh. he spores are ellipsoid, tapering obliquely at one end, smooth, hyaline, copious, 6-7 K 3-4; no cystidia seen. The mature tubes look quite different from those in Mrs. Earle’s specimens, which latter are rather vesiculose and abnormal. This species differs from Poria subacida in its bright-orange- yellow color, larger tubes, broad margin, and conspicuous rhizo- morphic strands. One would naturally think of Poria xantha Pers. in this connection ; but South Carolina specimens so named sent to Upsala by. Berkeley are only the yellow form of Poria medullapanis. The description of Poria vitellina seems to fit the plant fairly well, but Schweinitz’ types are very distinct. Under- wood determined his specimens as Poria chrysoloma Fries, a species confined to Europe so far as I know. 87. Poria flavilutea sp. nov. Effused for several centimeters, continuous, inseparable, about 1 mm. thick; margin at first conspicuous, byssoid, thin, appressed, white, becoming inconspicuous with age; context white, scarcely apparent in age; hymenium even, regular, scarcely glistening, flavo-luteous in dried specimens; tubes angular, quite regular ex- =|}. ene MuRRILL : LIGHT-COLORED RESUPINATE POLYPORES 177 cept when varied by obliquity, thin-walled, entire, 1 mm, long, 4 to a mm.; spores ellipsoid, smooth, hyaline, 5 X 3.5; no cystidia observed. | Type collected on much-decayed fallen branches and moss- covered roots at Rio Piedras, Porto Rico, November 19, I9I1, J. R. Johnston 97. 88. Poria jalapensis sp. nov. Effused for many centimeters, continuous, inseparable, 1-2 mm. thick ; margin slight, tomentose, white, inconspicuous in age; context white, conspicuous and punky in places ; hymenium mostly uneven, nodulose or following the inequalities of the substratum, not glistening, distinctly ochraceous in dried specimens; tubes angular, very regular, firm, rather thin-walled, 1 mm. long, 4 to a mm., the edges produced into short, sharp teeth; spores ellipsoid, smooth, hyaline, 5 X 3; no cystidia observed. Type collected on a decayed hardwood trunk in a moist virgin forest at Jalapa, Mexico, December 12-20, 1909, W..A. & Edna L. Murmnill 252. 89. DAEDALEA SULPHURELLA Peck, Ann, Inep, NaoY state. Mus. 44133. - ISO1 Described as follows from specimens collected by Peck on much-decayed wood at Salamanca, New York, in September : “ Resupinate, effused or nodulose, pale sulphur yellow; pores short, labyrinthiform, the dissepiments often lacerated and irpici- form in the dry plant; spores subglobose or broadly elliptical, .0002 in. long. , “ Mostly very irregular or nodulose, following the irregularities of the wood and encrusting mosses. It is of a beautiful pale yel- low color when fresh, but it changes to a dull pallid hue when dry.” The type at Albany is very poor, consisting mainly of a few coarse teeth that suggest litle. Overholts finds the spores to be ellipsoid or globose, hyaline, 5-6 X 4-5, and: says that the mature fragments seem more like an /rpex than a Daedalea. Fresh specimens would be highly desirable. ( 178 MycoLociaA OTHER YELLOW SPECIES Poria calcea Fries, var. sulphurea. Romell so determined specimens collected by me on a white pine log in Maine, August 28, 1905, which were distinctly lemon-yellow when fresh. I. have not studied this species very carefully, as the specimens are apt to be sterile. | Poria cremeicolor Murrill. Very pale yellow. See Mycologia 12585. 1920) Poria fatiscens (Berk. & Rav.) Cooke. Sulphur-yellow to chrome-yellow, at least in herbarium specimens. See Mycologia 112238. SOLO! Poria heteromorpha Murrill. Distinctly ochraceous, becoming fulvous with age. See Mycologia 127.92. 1920, _ Poria incerta (Pers.) Murrill. The herbarium specimens of this common, variable species are often pale-yellowish. See Mycologia 12: 78. 1920. Poria medullapams (Jacq.) Pers. Often a beautiful egg-yel- low or chrome-yellow, especially on the margin of young plants ; hence the names P. pulchellus and P. holoxantha assigned to American material. See Mycologia 12: 48. 1920. Poria myceliosa Peck. Tubes pale-yellow. See Mycologia 12: 201. 1920. Porta radiculosa (Peck) Sacc. Orange-yellow,. See My- cologiav12 201. 1020: Poria semitincta (Peck) Cooke. Tubes usually pale-yellow. See Mycologia 12: 300. 1920. : Poria subacida (Peck) Sacc. Usually pale-yellow when fresh, becoming much deeper yellow in the dried condition. Orange tints are sometimes present. See Mycologia 12: 79. 1920. Poria subsulphurea (Ellis & Ev.) Murrill. Pale-vellow. - See Mycologia I: 2425 1910: Poria xantholoma (Schw.) Cooke. Margin described as ele- gantly luteous, tubes pallid. See Mycologia 11: 234. I9I9. Xanthoporia Andersoni (Ellis & Ev.) Murrill. Tubes at first whitish, soon colored yellow by the abundant spores. NEw YorK BoTANICAL GARDEN. SMUTS AND RUSTS OF NORTHERN UTAH AND SOUTHERN IDAHO GEORGE L. ZUNDEL The fungi listed in the following paper were secured from two principal sources. In the first place the author collected a num- ber of smuts and rusts while on his vacation during August, 1920. The mext source of material was the herbarium of Dr. C. N. Jensen, formerly plant pathologist of the Utah Experiment Sta- tion at Logan, Utah. This material was secured from the biology department of the Brigham Young College at Logan, Utah. Besides the above two sources of material, miscellaneous collec- tions that have been sent to the author have also been included. In some instances these miscellaneous collections are outside of Northern Utah or Southern Idaho. Where no credit is given it is the author’s own collection. Whe papetson the Sniuts and Rusts of Utah by Prof. O. A. Garrett have been consulted in the preparation of this paper. The author found that in Box Elder County, Utah, Ustilago bromivora was attacking Bromus tectorum in epiphytotic form. As a boy the author botanized in this section of the State with- out seeing this smut. In August, 1920, however, he found hun- dreds of acres infected with this smut with an average infection of from 98 per cent to 99 per cent. SMUTS TILLETIA ASPERIFOLIA El. & Ev.; Jour. Myc. B5. 55a foo7 On Sporobolus asperifola (Ness. & Mey.) Thurb. At corner of 3d North Street and 2d East Street, Logan, Cache County, Utah, August 3, 10920 (98 per cent infection) ; a quarter mile north of Oregon Short Line Railroad depot, Logan, Cache County, Utah, August 4, 1920 (98 per cent infection) ; West of Logan, Cache County, Utah, on Oregon Short Line Railroad, August A, 1920 (85 per cent infection); near Utah-Idaho Central Railroad, Five Points, Weber County, Utah, August. 14, 1920 (98 per cent. infection); one mile south of Brigham City, Box Elder County, Utah, August 16, 1920 (75 per cent infection); Perry, Box Elder County, Utah, August 18, 1920 (infet- tion only a trace). IS, 180 MycoLoGIa TILLETIA FOETANS (B. & C.) Trel. Par. Fungi, Wisc. 35. 1884 On Triticum sp. (cultivated wheat); Beaver, Beaver County, Utah, August 21, 1918 (H. A. Christiansen) ; Monticella, San Juan County, Utah, September 1918 (C. O. Stott); Kanab, Kane County, Utah, August 1918 (Hugh Hurst); Cedar City, Iron County, Utah, September 1918 (Alma Esplin) ; Aberdeen, Bingham County, Idaho, September 8, 1918. TILLETIA TRITICI (Bjerk.) > Wint.; Rab, Kryp) Fl) 12 aurosmercon On Triticum sp. (cultivated wheat), Loa, Wayne County, Utah, Septem- ber, 1918 (A. E. Smith); North Logan, Cache County, Utah, August 5, 1920; American Falls, Power County, Idaho, September 9, 1918; Rockland, Power County, Idaho, September 9, 1918; Winchester, Lewis County, Idaho, August 28, 1918. USTILAGO BROMIVORA (Tul.) Fisch. de Waldh. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 40ls 252.) “1867 On Bromus marginatus Nees., Mountain south of canyon road, Logan, Cache County, Utah, August 10, 1912 (C. N. Jensen, No. 238). On Bromus tectorum L., Utah Agricultural College Campus, Logan, Cache County, Utah (85 per cent infection; Zundel & Richards) August 3, 1920; Utah Agricultural College Campus, main entrance, Logan, Cache County, Utah, August 3, 1920 (75 per cent infection); mouth of Logan Canyon, Cache County, Utah, August 4, 1920 (20 per cent infection); one mile up Logan Canyon, Cache County, Utah, August 4, 1920 (90 per cent infection) ; North Logan, Cache County, Utah, August 5, 1920 (4 per cent infection) ; Logan Canyon at Birch Glen, Cache County, Utah, August 7, 1920 (50 per cent infection); Logan Canyon at Rick’s Spring, Cache County, Utah, August 7, 1920 (50 per cent infection’); Ideal Beach on Bear Lake, Rich County, Utah, August 7 and 8, 1920 (3 per cent infection); West of Newton, Cache’ County, Utah, August 11, 1920 (30 per cent infection) ; Clarkston, Cache County, Utah, August 11, 1920 (15 per cent infection) ; Wandamere Park, Salt Lake City, Salt Lake County, Utah, August 13, 1920 (90 per cent infection); University of Utah Campus, Salt Lake City, Salt Lake County, Utah, August 13, 1920 (98 per cent infection) ; Lagoon Resort, Farmington, Davis County, Utah, August 14, 1920 (8 per cent infection) ; Five Points, Weber County, Utah (less than 1 per cent infection) ; Reservoir Hill, Brigham City, Box Elder County, Utah, August 16, 1920 (80 per cent to 99 per cent infection) ; South on Utah Idaho Central Railroad, Brigham City, Box Elder County, Utah, August 16, 1920 (85 per cent infection) ; Box Elder Creek, North of Brigham City, Box Elder County, Utah, August 17, 1920 (95 per cent infection); Perry, Box Elder County, Utah, August 18, 1920 (8 per cent infection); Fish Haven, Bear Lake County, Idaho, August: 8, 1920 (2 per cent to 99 per cent infection) ; Tyhee, Bannock County, Idaho, August 19, 1920 (trace of infection); 1014 W. Fremont. Street, Pocatello, Bannock County, Idaho, August 20, 1920°(15 per cent infection) ; Hills East of Pocatello, Bannock County, Idaho, August 20, 1920 (10 per cent infection). ZUNDEL : SMUTS AND RusTs oF UTAH AND IDAHO 181 USTILAGO HORDEI (Pers.) Kel. & Swing., Ann. Rep. Kans. Agr. Exp. Staen2:. 206. 19900 On Hordeum sp. cult., Beaver, Beaver County, Utah (Christiansen). USTILAGO LORENTZIANA Thum. Flora 63: 30. 1880 On Hordeum jubatum L. Logan, Cache County, Utah, August 5, 1912 (Jensen No. 220); Beaver, Beaver County, Utah, August, 1917 (Christian- sen); Logan, Cache County, Utah, August 3, 1920 (90 per cent infection) ; Logan Canyon, Cache County, Utah, August 7, 1920 (5 per cent infection) ; Ideal Beach near South end of Bear Lake, Rich County, Utah, August 8, 1920 (30 per cent infection) ; Bloomington, Bear Lake County, Idaho, August 8, 1920 (8 per cent infection); Tyhee, Bannock County, Idaho, August 19, 1920 (trace of infection); East Halliday Street, Pocatello, Bannock County, Idaho, August 20, 1920 (3 per cent infection) ; near subway, O. S. L. R. R., Pocatello, Bannock County, Idaho (25 per cent infection). IWSTIBAGO LONGISSIMA (Snow.) Tul. Ann. Sci. Nat. 111, 7: 76.: 1847 On leaves of Gilycera grandis Wats.—Banks of Logan River, West of Logan, Cache County, Utah, August 17, 1912 (Jensen No. 251). USTILAGO MACRUSPORA Desmaz. Pl. Crypt. II. 1727. 1850. On leaves of Elymus canadensis L., Oregon Short Line Railroad West of Logan, Cache County, Utah, August 17, 1912 (Jensen No. 250). UsTILAGo TRITICI (Pers.) Rostr. Overs. K: Danske Vid. Selsk. Forh. 1890: 15 Mch, 1890 On Triticum sp. (cultivated wheat) Greenville, Cache County, Utah, June 17, 1918; Beaver, Beaver County, Utah, August, 1918 (Christiansen). RUSTS AECIDIUM ABUNDANS Pk. Bot. Gaz. 3: 34. 1878 On Symphoricarpus sp.—Mountains South of Canyon Road, Logan, Cache County, Utah, August to, 1912 (Jensen No. 237). AECIDIUM PHALARIS Pk. On Phalaris leucophylla, Torr. Logan Canyon, Cache County, Utah, June 22, 1912 (Jensen No. 209). GYMNOSPORANGIUM NELSONI Arth. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 28: 665. 1901 I. On leaves of Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt. Dry Canyon, Cache County, Utah, August 2, 1912 (Jensen No. 277) 3, Logan Canyon, Cache County, Utah, August 4, 1920. MELAMSPORA CONFLUENS (Pers.) Jack. Brook. Bot. Gard. Mem. 1: 210. 1918 II. On Salix sp—Banks of Logan River, West of Logan, Cache County, Utah, August 15, 1912 (Jensen No. .246); Logan Canyon, Cache County, Utah, August 7, 1920. 182 MyYcoLoGiIa PHRAGMIDIUM AFFINE Syd. Ann. Myc. 2: 29. 1904 I. On Potentilla gracilis Dougl. Logan Nursery, Logan, Cache County, Utah, June 24, 1912 (Col. Leo Merrill; Jensen No. 212). PHRAGMIDIUM IMITANS, Arth. N. A. Flora 7: 165. 1912 III. On Rubus americana (Pers.) Wint.—Forks of Logan Canyon, Cache County, Utah, August 17, 1912 (Coll. Zundel; Jensen No. 248). II, Ill. “On Rubus strigosus Michx. Forks Logan Canyon, Cache County, Utah, August 17, 1912 (coll. Zundel ; Jensen No. 249); Logan Canyon, Cache County, Utah, August 7, 1920. PHRAGMIDIUM NONTIvAGUM Arth. Torr. 9: 128. 1898 I, If. On Rosa sp. Dry Canyon, Cache County, Utah, August 2, 1912 (Jensen No. 224); Logan Canyon, Cache County, Utah, August 7, 1920. POLYTHALIS THALICTRI (Cler.) Arth. Résult. Sci. Cong. Bot. Vienne 341. 1906 On Thalictrum sp. Logan Canyon at Birch Glen, Cache County, Utah, AUSUStLZA LOZzO. PUCCINIA_ARBSINTHII (Hedw. f.) DC. Pl. (Fre 6235o2e1eus II. On Artemesia bigelovia Gray, Providence Bench near Dry Canyon, Cache County, Utah, August 2, 1912 (Jensen No. 225). II, III. On Artemisia tridenta Nutt, Providence Bench, near planing mill, Cache County, Utah, August .2, 1912 (Jiensen No. 226), Porks. om Logan Canyon, Cache County, Utah, August 19, 1912, Tony Grove, Logan Canyon, Cache County, Utah, August 8, 1920. PUCCINIA BALSAMIORRHIZAE Pk. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 11: 49. 1884 On Balsamorrhiza sagittata (Pursh.) Nutt, Logan Canyon, Cache County, Utah, August 4, 1920. PuccINIA COMANDRAE Pk. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 11: 49. 1884 III. On Commandra pallida DC. Logan Canyon, Cache County, Utah, June 22, 1912 (Jensen No. 211). PUCCINIA CARICIS (Schum.) Schrot. Krypt. Fl..Schles. 3: 3274 1889 II. On Carex aquatica Wahl. Fish Hatchery West of Logan, Cache County, Utah, August 13, 1912 (Jensen No. 235). PUCCINIA CLEMATIDIS (DC.) Lagerh. Tromso Mus. Aarsh. 17: 47. 1895 I. On Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt, Logan Canyon, Cache County, Utah, August 7, 1920. é PUCCINIA, INTERMIXTA: Pk, Bot. Gaz. 4: 231. “1870 On Iva axillaris Pursh. Perry, Box Elder County, Utah, August 18, 1920. (Det. Hi S» Jackson?) PUccINtIA JONESII Pk. BoteGaz. 7020220. areom I. On Leptotaenia nultifida Nutt. Logan Canyon, Cache County, Utah, May 16, 1912 (Jensen No. 207) and III. June 22, 1912 (Jensen No. 208). ZUNDEL : SMUTS AND Rusts oF. UTAH AND IDAHO 183 PUCCINIA MALVACEARUM Bert. Gray’s Hist. de Chile 8: 43. 1852 On cultivated Althea, Logan, Cache County, Utah, June 27, 1912 (Jensen INO M227). - On Malva rotundifolia L. Logan, Cache County, Utah, June 25, 1912 (Jensen No. 214). PUCCINIA POLOGONI-AMPHIBII Pers. Syn. Fung. 227. 1801 On Polygonum hartwrightii Gray. West of Logan, Cache County, Utah, August 17, 1912 (Jensen No. 242). Det. J. C. Arthur. PUCCINIA PROCERA Diet. Erythea 1: 249. 1893 Lert “On Elymus sp.. Logan Canyon, Cache County, Utah, August 7, 1920. PUCCINIA TARAXACI (Reb.) Plowr. Brit. Ured. & Ustil. 186. 1889 II. On Taraxacum officinale L. Logan, Cache County, Utah, July 2, 1912 (Jensen No. 218). PUCCINIA VERATRI Duby, Bot. Gall. 2: 890. 1830 I. On Epilobium adenocaulon Hausskn. West of Logan, Cache County, WiahsAueust 17,1912 (Jensen No.- 240). UROMYCES ERIOGONI EI. & Hark. Bull. Calif. Acad. 1: 29. 1884 II, III. On Eryogonum sp. Foothills, Logan, Cache County, Utah, August 10, 1912 (Jensen No. 236). UROMYCES GLYCYRRHIZAE (Rab.) Magn. Ber. der. Deutsch. Bot. Gesell. S383 TS00 On Glycyrrhiza lepidota Nutt. Logan Canyon, Cache County, Utah, June 22,1912 (Jensen No, 215); Clarkston, Cache County, Utah, August 12, 1920. UROMYCES HEDYSARI-OBScuRI (DC.) Wint. Rabenh. Krypt. Fl. 1: 152. 1884 I, I]. On Hedysarum pabulare A. Nels. Providence Bench, Cache County, Utah, August 2, 1912 (Jensen No. 223). UROMYCES PROEMINENS (DC.). Pas. Fl. Franc. 2: 235. 1805; Rabenh. ry pt omits Murop. 22795... Tord On Euphorbia dentate Michx. Perry, Box Elder County, Utah, August wo 1920 ,(Det. H: S. Jackson). UropHyxis SANGUINEAL “CR Arths NooAm: Bl. 7: ross) t 1007 On Berberis aquifolium Pursh. Logan Canyon at Birch Glen, Cache County, Utah, August 7, 1920. DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, STATE COLLEGE OF WASHINGTON, PuLLMAN, WASH. NEW OR NOTEWORTHY GEOGLOSSACEAE Erras J. DURAND Since the publication of the writer’s monograph of the Geo- glossaceae of North America, in 1908, numerous specimens have been collected, or have been received from correspondents in various parts of the country, which have thrown additional light on certain little known forms. Authentic specimens of several species previously known only by description have also become available, which have, in one or two instances, materially modified the views expressed in the monograph, or have cleared up cer- tain points at that time doubtful. The most valuable collection examined is one of 45 numbers, made by Mr. W. H. Long, in Maryland and Virginia, in IQIo. (GEOGLOSSUM INTERMEDIUM Durand Virginia: Great.Falls and Cherrydale, Sept., 1910, W. H. Long MOS,2226, 2251 and 2260.0)» | The three collections by Mr. Long agree well with the two pre- vious ones from New York and Ontario, and abundantly prove the validity of the species. . GEOGLOSSUM PUMILUM Winter, Grev. 15:91. 1886 Ascomata very small, 0.5-2 cm. high, slender, black; ascigerous portion distinct from the stem, clavate-elliptic to oblong-spherical, 1.5-3 mm. long, I-2 mm. thick when dry, rounded above; stem very slender, brownish black, squamulose, especially above, 0.5 mm. thick when dry. . Asci clavate, stout, 185-200 X 20-25 p. Spores 8, fascicled in the ascus, clavate-cylindric, tapering each way from above the middle, 15-septate, 104-125 X 6m (majority I10-115p), deeply colored. Paraphyses longer than the asci, pale brown above, nearly hyaline below, the distal end stout, clavate, rather remotely septate, usually nearly straight but some- times strongly curved, inclined to be constricted at the septa, 8-12 w thick. 184 Duranp : New or NoteworTHy GEOGLOSSACEAE 185 On soil, Cherrydale, Va., 17 Sept., 1910, W. H. Long no. 2248 (D); Bermuda, Nov.—Dec., 1912, Britton, Brown and Seaver no. EeO4 CNY). This interesting addition to the geoglossaceous flora of North America was first described by Winter from Brazil. It is one of the few known species with 15-septate spores. It is closely allied to G. pygmaeum Ger., from which it differs in its shorter spores, and especially in its more robust, longer, remotely septate para- physes. I have not seen Winter’s type, so that the identification depends upon the description only. Only two plants from each of the above mentioned collections have been seen. MICROGLOSSUM LONGISPORUM Durand On the ground, Cherrydale, Va. 10 Sept., 1910, W. H. Lone CD). This agrees in all respects with the previous collections from New York, North Carolina and Michigan. MITRULA MUSCICOLA E. Henn. On wet moss close to the water’s edge, Lake Agnes, Alberta, 11 Aug., 1915, Durand n. 10413. | The following notes were made from the fresh material: Ascomata I-1.5 cm. high, entirely pale cinnamon-brown with a tint of tan; stem slender, terete, smooth, 0.5-1 mm. thick; as- cigerous portion abruptly distinct from the stem from which it is slightly free below, hemispherical to oblong-ovate in shape, even, or irregularly furrowed, or, in extreme cases, cerebriform, 2-3 mm. wide and high, slightly darker than the stem. This species is doubtfully distinct from M. gracilis Karst., pre- viuosly reported from Labrador and Newfoundland, and more recently found in quantity in Colorado by Seaver. I searched for moss-inhabiting Mitrulas carefully but in vain at various points along the Alaskan coast as far north as Skagway. Trichoglossum confusum Durand n. sp. T. Rehmanum (P. Henn.) Durand, Ann. Myc. 6: 439. f. 93, 168. 1908. 186 MycoLociaA Ascomata solitaria, exsiccata I.5-2.5 cm. alta; clavula obovata ; stipes teres, I-2 cm. longa, I-1I.5 mm. crassa, hirsuta; cystidia acicularia ascos parve superantia. Asci clavati, apice rotundati, 175 X 12; sporidia 8, multiseriata, cylindraceo-clavata, fuligi- nea, primum 3- demum 7-septata, 55-73 X 4-5 (plurima’ 60— 68»); paraphyses pallide brunneae, sursum leniter incrassatae, rectae vel curvatde. Ad terram, Blowing Rock, N. Car., 1901, Durand n. 1934. In the Monograph, p. 439, this collection was referred with some hesitation to Geoglossum Rehmianum P. Henn., a Brazilian species of which no authentic specimens had been seen, so that the determination was on the basis of description only. More re- cently, however, through the courtesy of Dr. G. Lindau, the writer has been able to examine a portion of the original type of G. Rehmianum from St. Catharina, Brazil (Ule n. 1564), and thus to settle its relationship to the Carolinian plant. In the Brazilian plant the spores are nearly cylindrical, are narrowed toward the lower end only, and measure 78-103 X 5 (the ma- jority 90-95), instead of 60-65, as indicated in the original description. The paraphyses are brownish above, and somewhat thickened and curved as in the other members of the genus. The plant from North Carolina is different, the spores being shorter, 55-73 (majority 60-68), and distinctly clavate and narrowed both above and below the middle. A careful study and comparison of authentic specimens has led to the conclusion that G. Rehmianum P. Henn. is specifically identical with Trichoglossum Walteri (Berk.) Durand, a species originally described from Australia, but known to occur in ten of the eastern United States. The plant from Carolina represents an undescribed species differing from T. Farlow: in having the spores 7-septate at maturity. To those who would regard 7. confusum as a 7-septate form of T. Farlowt it may be stated that examination of more than forty collections of the latter from twelve states has failed to dis- close a single 7-septate spore. In JT. confusum the majority are 7-septate, those with a lesser number being plainly immature. DuRAND : NEw or NOTEWORTHY GEOGLOSSACEAE 1387 TRICHOGLOSSUM HIRSUTUM f. BRAZILIENSE P. Henn. In the original description of T. hirsutum f. variabile (Mono- graph, p. 438) its possible identity with the forma Braziliense P. Henn., of which no specimens had been seen, was suggested. Subsequent examination of a portion of the type of the latter from Goyaz, Brazil (Ule n. 2027), preserved at Berlin, shows the spores to be regularly 15-septate, 138-160, long, tapering each way from above the middle, instead of 12-14-septate as stated in the original description. It is, therefore, typical T. hirsutum, quite different from forma variabile. Trichoglossum Wrightii Durand Trichoglossum hirsutum forma Wrighti Durand, Ann. Myc. 6: AS Orknacos, 74. TOO. Ascomata clavate, black, velvety, with the numerous, black cysditia, variable in size; ascigerous portion irregular, occupying about 1% the total length. Asci clavate-cylindric, 250-265 20- 25m. Cystidia black, acute, projecting only slightly beyond the hymenium. Spores 8, fasciculate, 105-145 X 7», brown, clavate, broadest above the middle, mostly 8-9-septate, rarely 5-, 6-, or 7-Septate, stout. Paraphyses cylindric, septate, pale brown above, only slightly thickened and strongly curved. Cuba: Wright (H). Bermuda: Brown, Britton and Seaver, no. 1404 (D). In the Monograph this species was described as a form of T. hirsutum, from two Cuban specimens in the herbarium of Har- vard University. A third collection, from Bermuda, has con- vinced me of the correctness of the opinion previously expressed, that it would prove to be a distinct species. The spores resemble those of T. velutipes, but there are eight in each ascus. UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. NOTES AND BRIEF ARTICLES [Unsigned notes are by the editor] Readers of Myco.ocia are invited to contribute to this department personal news items and notes or brief articles of interest to mycologists in general. Manuscripts should be submitted before the middle of the month preceding the month in which this publication is issued. Dr. R. A. Jehle, formerly extension plant pathologist for the North Carolina State College of Agriculture, has accepted a sim- ilar position with the College of Agriculture of the University of Maryland, succeeding Prof. C. E. Temple, who has become pro- fessor of plant pathology in the University of Maryland. Mr. M. A. Carleton, formerly in charge of the Office of Cereal Investigations, United States Department of Agriculture, and recently plant pathologist for the United States Grain Corpora- tion, 1s now employed as plant pathologist for the United Fruit Company, with headquarters at Bocas del Toro, Panama. Mr. R. W. Goss, formerly assistant pathologist in cereal dis- ease investigations, Bureau of Plant Industry, with headquarters at Madison, Wisconsin, has become assistant plant pathologist at the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station, where he will take up the study of the potato Fusarium problems of that region. Dr. O. F. Burger, formerly pathologist at the California Agri- cultural Experiment Station, Riverside, and recently engaged in the investigation of fruit and truck crop diseases in the United States Bureau of Plant Industry, has become head pathologist at the Florida Agricultural Experiment Station, Gainesville. He will give special attention to the study of transportation diseases of truck and citrus crops. 188 Notes AND BRIEF ARTICLES 189 Miss Wakefield, the well-known mycologist of Kew Gardens, England, arrived in New York on March 10, after spending the winter collecting in the British West Indies. On March 109, she left for a tour through parts of the eastern United States, and sailed for England on May 14. Her chief interest at the Garden was the large collection of polypores from the American tropics. Nodule bacteria of leguminous plants form the subject of an article by Lohnis and Hansen in the Journal of Agricultural Re- search for January 3, 1921. Bacillus radicicola and B. radio- bacter are the species chiefly discussed, the latter being easily distinguished from the former by its brown growth on potato. A descriptive list of Brazilian gill-fungi, by J. Rick, appeared in Broteria 18: 48-63. 1920. Of the 106 species treated, a num- ber are proposed as new in various genera, but the author feels that many of the new ones are identical with European species ! Sclerotinia minor is the cause of a decay in lettuce, celery, and other crops, according to Ivan C. Jagger, who published an ac- count of this new fungus in the Journal of Agricultural Research for November 15, 1920. The species is known from Massachu- setts, New York, Pennsylvania, and Florida. A specimen of Pycnoporus cinnabarinus (Jacq.) P. Karst. has recently been received from George L. Zundel, who collected it March 9, 1921, on birch, at Arden, Stevens County, Washington. Although reported by Harkness as occurring on oak in California, this is the first time I have seen this species from the Pacific coast. A list of the fungi of the Malay Peninsula, compiled by J. F. Chipp, appeared in the Gardens Bulletin, Straits Settlements for January, 1921. The list is prefaced by remarks on our knowl- edge of Malayan fungi and the preservation of fungous speci- mens in the tropics. Following it is a bibliography, and an index to fungi found on the Malay Peninsula and to their hosts. 190 MycoLocia The way in which smut infects sugar-cane was described by Dastur in the Annals of Botany for July, 1920. It occurs only in young buds and not through the cut ends of setts. The spo- ridia on germinating penetrate the young, thin-walled scale hairs, and within two months a bud thus infected may produce a spore- bearing shoot. Diseased sets will, of course, grow into diseased shoots when planted. The mildness of the winter season around Fayetteville, Ar- kansas, has brought forth some unseasonable growths both among the seed- and the spore-bearing plants. It may be of in- terest to note that Pluteus cervinus Fr., a common mushroom of this region, usually found from May until October, was collected on February 8. A number of good-sized, fresh specimens were obtained, some of the pilei measuring Io centimeters in diameter. The spores appeared normal in size, shape, and color—H. R. ROSEN. Cranberry diseases and their control are discussed in a popular way by C. L. Shear in Farmers’ Bulletin 1081 of the United States Department -of Agriculture. Of the dozen ‘or more dis. eases included, “early-rot,” caused by Guignardia Vaccinu Shear, heads the list for destructiveness. Spraying with Bordeaux mix- ture will contro’ most of these diseases, while large losses due to smothering can be avoided by proper methods and conditions of picking, storing, and handling the fruit. Notes on the Thelephoraceae of North Carolina, by W. C. Coker, in the Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society for February, 1921, comprise 51 pages of descriptive matter and 22 handsome plates made from photographs and drawings. Aleuro- discus macrodens is described as new. This paper, although deal- ing only with Carolina species, is an excellent introduction to the family for students in any part of the country. Some observations on the life-history of Nectria galligena Bres., by Dorothy M. Cayley, appeared in the Annals of Botany Notes AND BriEF ARTICLES 191 for January, 1921. This fungus will complete its life-history on media containing starch or a derivative of starch with I per cent glycerin. Besides the three known forms of spores, the author discovers a fourth form, a two-celled multinucleate spore. No conclusive evidence was found of the occurrence of pycnidia in the life-history of this species. Fomes geotropus, a large polypore found frequently at the base of living trunks of various trees in the Gulf states and many parts of tropical America, causing serious decay, has often been confused with Fomes ulmarius, which it greatly resembles. Hav- ing studied the two species carefully in the field, I must consider them of different origin and distribution so far as the present era of the earth’s history is concerned. Let those who regard them identical explain why F’. wlmarius is common on elm trees in Eng- land, for example, and never found on similar trees in the United States north of the Gulf region. The Torrey Bulletin for January, 1921, contains two impor- fiamtakiicles oO itingi; the first by H. E.- Thomas on “The rela- tion of the health of the host and other factors to infection of Apium graveolens by Septoria Apt,’ and the second by Prof. Arthur on “ New species of Uredineae.” The latter contains de- scriptions of two new genera, Lipospora. Arthur and Teleuto- spora Arthur & Bisby; 5 new species, Puccima pacifica Blasdale, P. irrequisita Jackson, P. additicia Jackson & Holway, Uromyces coordinatus Arthur, Ravenelia havanensis Arthur, and Lipospora tucsonensis Arthur; and a large numbet of new combinations. An imperial bureau of mycology, with Mr. E. J. Butler as director, has been established at Kew Gardens, England, for the encouragement and co-ordination of work on the diseases of plants caused by fungi in the British Overseas Dominions and Colonies. One of its functions will be to lend out to workers without good library facilities original papers on mycology and 192 ' MycoLocia plant pathology. For this purpose reprints, pamphlets, and bul- letins are more suitable than bound volumes of periodical publi- cations, and as these are often not available for purchase, Mr. Butler would be grateful to authors who have pamphlets or re- prints to spare, if they would present one or two copies so that their work may be readily brought to the notice of isolated work- ers in the outlying parts of the British Empire. A very beautifully illustrated paper by-F. R:“Jomes: and © Drechsler on crownwart of alfalfa, caused by Urophlyctis AI- falfae, appeared in the Journal of Agricultural Research for No- vember 15, 1920. This disease has been found to have its origin in the infection of very young buds, the foliar elements of which develop into abnormalities not involving the mature structures of root or stem. Infection appears to take place only early in the spring, becoming easily discoverable in the latter part of March or in early April in northern California. The abundant develop- ment of the disease in the regions where it now occurs is appar- ently associated with excessive moisture during the period when infection is taking place. Any measures which can be taken to reduce the moisture near the surface of the soil at this time should reduce the disease. Fusarium oxysporum nicotianae 1s the name proposed by John- son in the Journal of Agricultural Research for January 3, 1921, for a wilt disease of tobacco found in Maryland and Ohio. The conditions favoring infection with the tobacco-wilt organism are heavy soil infestation, wounded host tissue, a relatively high soil temperature (28° to 31° C.), and a Susceptible: yariemen 1 uc White Burley is most susceptible, and the Havana Seed and Cuban varities are among the most resistant. Where the disease threatens to become serious, growers are advised not to grow tobacco on the infested soils and to avoid the danger of infested seed beds. The most hopeful means of control appears to lie in the development of strains resistant to the disease within the various susceptible varieties. : NoTES AND BRIEF ARTICLES 193 An underground gasteromycete, apparently a species of Hys- terangium, was brought to me about the middle of February by Mr. L. Robba, who collected it with a trained truffle dog under an oak tree near White Plains, New York. The soil was not frozen hard, because of the mild weather and a layer of two or three inches of leaves, but the tiny “ puffballs”? were frozen and made very poor specimens when dried. The spores were rather rough, ovoid, and distinctly umber-brown under a microscope. Mr. Robba naturally thought they were truffles, but he did not notice any odor and he recalled that his dog was not particularly “interested” in the find, only scratching a little to mark the spot and then walking away. The plants were unearthed by scraping off the covering of leaves and digging about two inches into the soil. There must have been some odor present, otherwise the dog would not have been attracted. What we need here in the East is an army of enthusiasts like © Mr. Parks, who would take long journeys with rake and hoe and explore for underground “ puffballs.” A few trained truffle dogs would also be invaluable. This is a matter for mycological and botanical clubs to consider. The autumn is the best season for such work. Mic ike. Parks, of San Jose; California, has been collecting a great many underground fungi during the past few years, and I have asked him to prepare a brief account of his recent work for Mycotoci1a. During the season of 1917-1918, he reported a number of specimens from the Santa Cruz Mountains generically determined, as well as the following species: Gautieria morchelli- formis, buried two inches in an old road-bed; Genea Harknessu, on the surface of clay soil under pines; Genea Gardneri, under deep leaf-humus; Pseudobaldamia magnata, buried deep in wet soil in jungle; Tuber candidum, in loose soil under oak; Elasmo- myces russuloides, under deep leaf-humus; and Geopora Hark- nessu, on the surface of clay soil under pines. In January of the present year, he collected under a single 1so- lated oak (Q. agrifolia), in an area about ten feet. square, 7 genera and 11 species of hypogaeous fungi. The genera were: 194 MycoLociA Melanogaster, Hysterangium, Elasmomyces, Hydnangium, Hy- menogaster, Genea, and Tuber. The determined species were E. russuloides, G. Gardnerii, and T. californicum. | In February, Mr. Parks sent me specimens of the following boletes : Ceriomyces flaviporus, C. tomentipes, C. viscidus, C, communis, C. subtomentosus, and Suillellus Eastwoodiae. In the same package was a new Poria, which I have named in his honor. INDEX TO AMERICAN MYCOLOGICAL LITERATURE Adams, J. F. Gametophytic development of blister rusts. Bot. az7t1 31-137, f. 1-4. 15 F roar. Adams, J. F. Observations on the infection of Crataegus by Gymnosporangium. Mycologia 13: 45-49. f. I-4. 1921. Adams, J. F., & Russell, A. M. Riizopus infection of corn on the germinator. Phytopathology Io: 535-543. f. 1-6. D 1920. Arthur, J. C. Aecidiaceae (cont.). N. Am. Fl. 7: 337-404. .31 D 1920. Arthur, J. C. Aecidiaceae (cont.). N. Am. Fl. 7: 405-480. 8 BPPrTo2t. Arthur, J. C. New species of Uredineae—XII. Bull. Torrey Club 47: 465-480. 20 O 1920. 18 new species and several new combinations. Arthur, J. C. Nineteen years of culture work. Mycologia 13: 12-22. 1927: Bailey, I. W. Some relations between ants and fungi. Ecology tr: 174-189. pl. 5-7. Jl 1920. Barss, H. P. Bean blight and bean mosaic. Oregon Crop Pest & Hort. Rep. 3: 192-196. f. 56-59. 10 Ja 1921. Barss, H. P. Cylindrosporium leaf-spot of prune and cherry. Oreson Crop Pest & Hort..Repy 3: 156-158.-f. 42, 43. 10 Ja 1921. Bessey, E. A. Guide to the literature for the identification of fungi—a preliminary outline for students and others. Ann. Rep. Michigan Acad. Sci. 21: 287-316. Jl 1920. Bessey, E. A. The effect of parasitism upon the parasite—a study in phylogeny. Ann. Rep. Michigan Acad. Sci. 21: 317- 220. ,ji 1920. Blakeslee, A. F. Mutation in Mucors. Jour. Heredity 11: 278- 284. f. 26-25. 5 F 1921. 195 196 MycoLoGIA Burt, E. A. The Thelephoraceae of North America—XII. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 7: 81-248. pl. 2-6 & f. 1-46. 8D 1920. Includes 10 new species in Stereum. Chardon, C. E. A list of the pyrenomycetes of Porto Rico col- lected by H. H. Whetzel and E. W. Olive. Mycologia 12: 316— 221. 1920. Coons, G. H. The Michigan plant disease survey for 1918. Ann. Rep. Michigan Acad. Sci, 21: 331-343. pl. 15.) (ogame Davis, W. H. Mammoth clover rust. Proc. lowa Acad. Sci. 26: 249-258. f. 34-90. 1919. Dickson, B. T. Sclerotinia wilt of greenhouse tomatoes. Phyto- pathology 10: 500, 501. f. 2. 1920. Dickson, B. T. Stem-end rot of greenhouse tomatoes. Phyto- pathology 10: 498-500. f. IZ. 1920. Diehl, W. W. The fungi of the Wilkes expedition. Mycologia 13: 38-41. 1921. Contains list of 31 species, with localities. Durrell, L. W. A preliminary study of the purple leaf sheath spot of corn. Phytopathology 10: 487-495. f. I-6. 1920. Earle, F. S. El mosaico de la cafla o matizado. El estado actual de la epidermis. Puerto Rico, Dept. Agric. y Urapa@igem2e. I-9. Ap 1920. Edson, H. A. Vascular discoloration of Irish potato tubers. Jour. Agric, Res. 20: 277-204. 15"N_ 1920. Ellen, Sister M. The germination of the spores of Conocephalum comcum. Am. Jour. Bot. 7 :.458-464. pl. 34,35." 2 an O28, Folsom, D. Potato mosaic. Maine Agric. Exper. Sta. Bull. 292: 157-184. f. 28-30. Au 1920. Higgins, B. B. Morphology and life history of some Ascomy- cetes with special reference to the presence and function of spermatia. Am, Jour. Bot. 7: 435-444. pl. 30 G ja fae ee 1921. Hotson, J. W. Collar-rot of apple trees in the Yakima Bones Phytopathology 10: 465-486. f. I-15. 1920. House, H. D. Notes on fungi, VI. N. Y. State Mus: Bull 219, 220: 233-246. f. I-3. 1920. Includes Mycena Atkinsoni sp. nov. INDEX TO AMERICAN MycoLOGICAL LITERATURE 197 Howard, W. L. & Horne, W. T. Brown rot of apricots. Calif. mewic. xper. ota: Bull, 326: 73-90. f. 1-5. Ja 192T. Jagger, I. C. Sclerotinia minor n. sp., the cause of a decay of let- tices celery, and other crops. Jour. Agric. Res. 20: 331-333. MimenOner yy. TF. 15 N 1920. Johnson, J. Fusarium wilt of tobacco. Jour. Agric. Res. 20: 515-536. pl. 63-67. 3 Ja 1921. Jones, F. R. & Drechsler, C. Crownwart of alfalfa caused by Urophlyctis Alfalfae. sae Agric. Rec, 20: 295-323. pl. 47-50. 15 N 1920. Jones, L. R., Walker, J. C. & Tisdale, W. B. Fusarium resistant cabbage. Agric. Exper. Sta. Univ. Wis. Res. Bull. 48: 1-34. feo 80. N 1020. Kudo, R. Studies on Myxosporidia. Ill. Biol. Monog. 5. no. 3, 1-265. ph. 1-25 & f. I, 2. 31 D-igz2o. A synopsis of genera and species of Myxosporidia. Lee, H. A., & Serrano, F. B. Banana wilt in the Philippines. imatlippecveric, Rey. 13: 128, 129. 1920. Caused by Fusarium. Lee, H. A., & Serrano, F. B. Banana wilt in the Philippines. Phytopathology 10: 504, 505. 1920. Lee, H. A., & Yates, H. S. The distribution of pink disease. Badipp.Aetic. Rev, 132-115, 116.-. 1920. Caused by Corticium saimonicolor B. .& Br. On Citrus. Levine, M. Studies on plant cancers—II. The behavior of crown gall on the rubber plant (Ficus elastica). Mycologia ES ci-1is pl. 7,2. 192t. Lloyd, C. G. Mycological notes 64: 985-1029. f. 1748-18509 & 3 portraits. S 1920. Includes translation of article by C. Torrend: The Polyporaceae of Brazil. Lohnis, F., & Hansen, R. Nodule bacteria of leguminous plants. jliour. eric. Res, 20: 543-556. pl. 66, 60. 3 Ja-192T. Mackie, W. W., & Briggs, F. N. Fungicidal dusts for control of stmt. “Science 11 52: 540,541. 3 D 1920. McKay, M. B. Western yellow tomato blight. Oregon Crop Pest Be ielort. Rep. 3: 174-178: f. 50.. 10 Ja 1921. McLarty, H. R. A suspected mosaic disease of sweet clover. Phytopathology I0: 501-503. f. 3. 1920. 198 MycoLocIa McMurran, S. M., & Demaree, J. B. Diseases of southern pecans. U. S, Dept: Agric. Bull. 1129: 3-22. f. 1-239 Sm@ze. Murrill, W. A. A new bolete from Porto Rico, Gyroporus Earlei sp. nov. .. Mycolegia/137 60, 01 sa1e2n. Murrill, W. A. The fruit-disease survey. Mycologia 13: 50-53. pL Ag TO2k, Murrill, W. A. The fungi of Blacksburg, Virginia. Mycologia 12: 322-328. 1920. Includes 1 new species, Pluteus praerugosus. Odell, W.S. A rare fungus new to Canada. Can. Field Nat. 34: LO—12. fe 0... 1920, 3 Overholts, L. 0. Some New Hampshire fungi. Mycologia 13: 24-37." 1921, ; | Contains a list -of 705 pence: Pammel, L. H. The relation of native grasses to Puciua grami- nis in the region of Iowa, western Illinois, Wisconsin, southern Minnesota, and eastern South Dakota. Iowa Acad. Sci. 26: 163-192. f. 41-57. I9I9. : Peltier, G. L. Influence of temperature and humidity on the growth of Pseudomonas Citri and its host plants and on infec- tion and development of the disease. Jour. Agric. Res. 20: 447-506. 15 D 1920. Reddick, D. A fourth Phytophthora disease of tomato. Phyto- pathology 10: 528-534. D 1920. Reinking, 0. A. Higher Basidiomycetes from the Philippines and their hosts—III. Philipp. Jour. Sci. 16: 527-537. My 1920. | Roberts, J. W. Clitocybe sudorifica as a poisonous mushroom. Mycologia 13: 42-44. ‘1921. Shear, C.-L. Cranberry diseases and their control. U.S, Dept. Agric. Farmers Bull. 1081: 1-22. f. 1-12. D 1920. Shunk, I. V., & Wolf, F. A. Further studies on bacterial blight of soybean. Phytopathology 11: 18-24. f. 7. Ja 1921. Stevens, F. L. New or noteworthy Porto Rican fungi. Bot. Gaz, 70: 399-402. f. I-4. 24 N 1920. Stone, R. E. Deadly poisonous mushrooms. Can. Field Natur. 34: 74-78. f. I-4. Ap 1920. INDEX TO AMERICAN MycCOLOGICAL LITERATURE 199 Stork, H. E. Biology, morphology, and cytoplasmic structure of VAleurodiscus. Am, Jour. Bot. 7: 445-457. pl. 31-33. 12 Ja 1g21. Tanaka, T. New Japanese fungi. Notes and translations—IX. Mycologia 12: 329-333. 1920. Thomas, H. E. The relation of the health of the host and other factors to infection of Apiwm graveolens by Septoria Apii. Bully Torrey Club 49:/1-29. 1921. Waksman, S. A. Studies in the metabolism of Actinomycetes— Il. Nitrogen metabolism. Jour: Bact. 5: 1-30. Ja 1920. Waksman, S. A., & Joffe, J. S. Studies in the metabolism of Actinomycetes—IV. Changes in reaction as a result of the growth of Actinomycetes upon culture media. Jour. Bact. 5: S140, Ja 1920. Winslow, C.-E. A., and others. The families and genera of the Bacteria, jour. Bact. 5: 191-2290.. My 1920. Wolden, B. O. The moss and lichen flora of Western Emmet County (Iowa). Proc. lowa Acad. Sci. 26: 258-267. 1919. ” | siypoerest ies in North American Peronos Discomyeetes, by F. J. § y of the ollie = : : thirteenth volunie. —~ es sepatately.) ; gest J snictal of the: New York Botanical Ses nth ‘ing notes, news, and non-technical articles of gene members of the Garden. To others, 10 cents’ a e oitered in. eecbange: Now in ats agai tas vol a mnitebeet and an eed to current eee. ee titera tur year; single copies riot for sale. CNot offered in exchanged Addisonia, quarterly, aevoied exclusively. to! ‘colored ‘plates’ pe tha popular descriptions of flowering plants; eight plates in each number, thirty: -in each volume. Subscription Price, $10. 00.4 year. Not offered. ss) * : Now in its sixth volume. .*- : fe Mae heat 25 Bulletin of the New York Botanical Garden, containin the annua epo of the Director-in-Chief and other official documents, and tec - embodying the results of investigations carried out in the Garden. ¥ “members of'the Garden; to others, $3.00 per volume. . Now in its ten .. North American Flora. Descriptions of the wild plants of Nort including Greenland, the West Indies, and Central America. | Pi completed in 34 volumes. Roy. 8vo, Each volume to consist of f. ~ parts. Subseription price, $1.50 per Part ;, a«limited ‘number of si “will be sold -for.$2.00:each. [Not offered in exchange] Meas -- -Vol.-3) part 1, 1910, . Nectriaeeae—Fimetariaceae. 2 a aes Vol. 7, part 1, 1906; part.2,1907; part 3, 1912; parts 4 ands 5, “eeidedt 6 Peis ea ys Ustilaginaceae—Accidiaceae (pars). Parts 2a sand ‘2: no longe se Vol. 9 (now. complete), parts 1-7,: ea ee Polypotacnae—i - (pars). 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Per Axel Rydberg. ix a 492 PP.,. with detailed. map. - -. Mol. I. The Influence of Light and Darkness upon. Growth an ment, by D. a ‘MacDougal.’ xvi 320 pp., with 176: figures. Mol. IIL, Studies of Cretaceous Coniferous: Remains from New York, by A. Hollick and E. & Jeffrey. wii 438 PP. 1909. | Vol. IV. “Eflects of he. Rive: ‘of Bachan’ on ‘Plants, b Charles, Gager. viii +278 pp., with 73 figures and 14. pla tes. ‘f Vol. V.. Flora. of the Vicinity” of New’ York: Geography, by Norman Taylor. . vi +683 .pp.; with y pli Mol VIL™ Papers presented at the ‘Celebration: of. the. sary of the New York Botanical Garden, : Viti 592 PP. < . Many text figures. 1976, Eee - Contributions from the New York’ Botanical Garden, nical papers written. by students or members of: the: staff, and: rept journals other than ‘the. peers lidinocs 35 oe eet $5.00 per the ninth, ah dau ; tt (c% RY N OF THE — oF MYCOLOGY. | Kellerman, J. BE hay ites FRED J. ee | ROBERT 4. HARPER CORNELIUS L. aheae THOMAS H. eaten “TYOZABURO TANAKA | NARCISSE PATOUILLARD ole BNEW YORE, Bo OTANICAL GARDEN Bt tos | mi wt 1 I Literature pee inting Company makes the atticles ees from. ‘MycorostA, if ordered wit esp RSs 7 ~MYCOLOGIA Por cil. JULY-SEPTEMBER, I921 Nos. 4-5 Helvella is a small genus containing less than fifty species, only a small part of which occur in any one locality. They are not so common in New England but that the fungus hunter ex- periences a thrill of pleasure on finding one and the day is con- sidered eminently successful if he has picked up more than two or three species. In view of the small number of known species he anticipates no great difficulty or labor in identifying his col- lections, but soon finds himself confronted with these discourag- ing conditions: (1) there is no one place where the descriptions of the known American species are brought together, (2) there is not even a list of the species which occur in America later than that of Underwood (1896) and he gives no keys, descriptions, or figures, (3) the heterogeneous lists scattered through Sac- cardo’s Sylloge Fungorum include many species which have been removed from the genus, many others known to be synonyms; _ the descriptions are very brief and many of them unsatisfactory even to one quite familiar with the Latin tongue, (4) there is marked confusion in regard both to the delimitation of the genus and more especially of the species, (5) the literature is scattered, contradictory, and much of it not readily accessible, (6) lists other than those of Saccardo are only local, (7) exsiccati speci- [Mycologia for May (13: 129-199) was issued June 25, 1921] 201 202 MyYcoLoGIA mens are of little value in identification because most of the specific characters are lost in the process of drying. There is real need of a comprehensive monograph of all the North American forms. The writers have neither time nor means at present to treat the subject so broadly, but as a con- tribution toward the accomplishment of such a work they have made a study of the species which occur in their state, the re- sults of which are set forth in this paper. They have, however, included not only the species which they and others have col- lected in Massachusetts, but also have added in the key and de- scriptions all other species which have been reported from the ~ northeastern states, in order that the paper might be more widely ‘useful and also because species which occur in neighboring states may be looked for in Massachusetts, although they have never been reported. Species of Helvella are separated from each other largely on the bases of the shape, configuration, size, and color of the stripe and pileus. The spores, asci, paraphyses, and internal structure of ascomata of all the species which occur here are so nearly identical that microscopic examination of dried specimens is use- less. Also, when a plant is dried, especially if pressed, it loses its shape and original size and the colors almost always change. The most valuable contribution one can make to the understand- ing of the species of the genus is not by making numerous col- lections which are filed away to receive later worthless descrip- tions of what they look like in the dried state and measurements of spores, etc., which are all alike. Much more valuable are care- ful notes, descriptions, photographs and drawings of fresh plants. Commenting on the unsatisfactory nature of dried specimens, Bresadola has well remarked that “he alone acquires a correct knowledge of these species who is able to spend the green season of the year in regions where they grow abundantly and to make comparisons between them” (Fung. Trident. p. 64. Translated). In making notes on the collections, one should describe colors by well-known color standard charts; popular descriptions of — colors and shades of colors are subject to rather wide ranges of interpretation. Colored plates such as those of Boudier are espe- cially useful. ANDERSON & IcKIS: MASSACHUSETTS SPECIES OF HELVELLA 203 The distinct species which occur here are comparatively few but the names which have been applied to them are numerous, confusing, and discouraging. In the present paper the writers have attempted (1) to determine according to the international rules of nomenclature what are the correct names for the species which occur here, (2) to indicate which other names are syn- onyms and which names apply to species which are no longer considered as belonging to this genus, (3) to present a key by which any specimen can be quickly placed in its proper species, (4) to bring together in one place the original descriptions of all of our species (or Fries’ description if described before 1823), (5) to give for each species a full but concise English descrip- tion, based on study of fresh specimens and study of all avail- able literature, (6) to publish photographs of all species of which fresh specimens from which to make them have been obtained. In addition to our own collections and exsiccati in the herba- rium of the Massachusetts Agricultural College, the herbaria of Harvard University, Boston Mycological Club, New York Botan- ical Garden, and New York State Museum at Albany have been examined: All the literature bearing on the genus, both Euro- pean and American, has been carefully read. LITERATURE OF THE GENUS Linnaeus has commonly been cited as authority for the genus name Helvella. He first used it in its present form in the second edition of Species Plantarum (1763). In the ninth -edition of his Genera Plantarum, however, Gleditsch (1753) is cited as the authority for the genus name. Gleditsch, however, in his Meth- odus Fungorum, called it Elvela and included under it various species which we now place in the Helvellales and Pezizales, Jew’s ear fungus and many other foreign species, using the polynomial system of nomenclature. This use of the name to 1 The writers are greatly indebted to Dr. R. Thaxter, of Harvard University, Dr. F. J. Seaver, of the New York Botanical Garden, Miss Jennie F. Conant, of the Boston Mycological Club, and to Dr. H. D. House, New York State Botanist, for the privilege of examining the herbaria under their care, and for many other courtesies and assistance. Dr. Seaver also kindly read the manuscript. 204 MycoLociIA include a large part of the Discomycetes and various other forms was usual ‘before the time of Linnaeus and not uncommon for many years after him. In the first editions of Flora Suecica (1745), Genera Plantarum (1737), and Species Plantaram (1753) Linnaeus spelled the name FElvela. In the second edi- tion of Flora Suecica (1755), he used Elvella. He offers no explanation of why he twice changed the spelling of the name nor from what source he originally took it. Phillips offers this rather unsatisfactory explanation of its origin, that it was a Latin word used by Cicero to denote some kind of fungus. The etymology of the word is uncertain. All three methods of spell- ing it have been used by various writers but the majority since the beginning of the last century, including Persoon and Fries have used Helvella. Seaver, in a recent article has returned to the original spelling Elvela. In the present paper the orthog- raphy of Fries is followed. ; At most, we owe nothing but the name to Linnaeus; he con- tributed nothing to our knowledge of the species included. He united all of them under the specific name Mitra (except E&I. Pineti, which is not a Helveila at all as understood by modern mycologists). One secures more information in regard to the species of the genus from the works of previous writers than from Linnaeus. Thus Michelius in 1729 had already grouped the species of Helvella in much the same sense as we now know them in the section Fungoidea fungiformia of his genus Fun- goides. Each of the nine species in this section is briefly described and three of them are well illustrated. Even before the time of Michelius one finds some good descriptions by Rajus (1704), Porta (1592), Clusius, (1583), and others... These: tung ceens to have been subjects of considerable interest to the older botan- ists and hence were frequently described and figured. But in this early literature one finds them not under the genus name Helvella, but under Boletus, Phallus, Fungoides, Morchella, Bo- leto-lichen, etc. During the period between the appearance of Linnaeus’ Species Plantarum and the publication of Fries’ Systema Mycologicum, knowledge of the genus was greatly advanced by the works of ANDERSON & IcKIS: MASSACHUSETTS SPECIES OF HELVELLA 205 Schaeffer, Afzelius, Persoon, Scopoli, Bulliard, Sowerby, .and others who made smaller contributions, But the multiplicity of publications did not result in a harmonious system of nomen- clature. The changing and interchanging of names during this period is very confusing. An examination of the synonymy which is appended under some of the older species such as H. crispa and H. lacunosa gives one some idea of the state of the nomenclature at that time. Fries, in the second volume of his Systema Mycologicum, treated the genus fully and very clearly, and his work furnishes an excellent basis for our present taxonomy of it. In reading this book one is surprised to find how few taxonomic changes Nave been made in'the last century. To be sure some of the species have been transferred to Gyromuitra, which he later (1846) split off from Helvella, and a few others are now be- lieved to be among closer relations in the Pezizales, but most of his species are still in the genus Helvella and bear the same names which he used for them. Also, no small part of the species which have been -described since then could be easily referred to species which he described. | Since his time a number of species have been described from various parts of the world by various authors. European species have been well monographed by Rehm, Massee, Gillet, Phillips, et al., excellent colored plates published by Boudier, Cooke, and others. But on turning to the American. literature of the genus we find very little of value. A few new species have been de- scribed by Peck and Clements—some few of which are really new, others probably merely variations of old species, Under- wood published in 1896 a list of all spec:es which had been re- ported from North America. A few local lists, sometimes ac- companied by descriptions and figures, such as those of Hone (1904) and Burt (1899), complete the sum of American liter- ature on the genus. Turning now to the literature which deals with collections of Helvella within the state of Massachusetts we find that the full extent of our information is based on the inclusion of names of a few species in published local lists of fungi. The first of these 206 MYCOLOGIA lists is Hitchcock’s Catalogue of Plants Growing without Cul- tivation in the Vicinity of Amherst College published in 1829. In-this list one finds (p. 61) three species of Helvella: H. albida Bull., H. esculenta Pers., and H. mitra? L.2 The second one of these species is now Gyromitra esculenta Fr. and need not be considered here. The other two are somewhat difficult to place exactly. Thete is a A. albida Pers. (==. clasmeq sas sama H. albida Schaeft. (=H. crispa Fr.), but there seems to be no H. albida Bull. His third species is still more indefinite in view of the fact that Linnaeus included all the species of Helvella under the name H. Mitra. MHitchcock’s list then adds little or nothing to our knowledge of what species of Helvella occurred in the state at that time. Charles L: Andrews presented a paper before the Boston Society of Natural History in 1856 on the fleshy fungi of Massachusetts. He included descriptions of 36 species but no Helvellae were mentioned. During the same year C. J. Sprague read a paper before the society, “ Contributions to New England Mycology,” and a second paper under the same title two years later. In his first paper he included 350 species of fungi, most, but not all, of which were collected about Boston. He mentions in this paper Helvella (Peziga) macropus Pers. and Helvella lacunosa Afz., the latter however having been collected in Maine. In his second paper he increased the number of reported fungi to 678. Helvella crispa Scop. and H. Mona- chella Fr. are in the second paper and one judges from the con- text that they were collected within the state. In 1860 Sprague gave up his study of fungi and turned over his unworked ma- terial to C. C.. Frost who, in 1869, presented a. list, ~ Further 99 Enumeration of New England Fungi,” of 262 species not men- tioned in Sprague’s lists. The only Helvella mentioned is H. ephippium Lev. which may or may not have been collected within the state. In 1875, Tuckerman and Frost’s.“ Catalogne of Plants Growing without Cultivation within Thirty Miles of Amherst College”” appeared. In the list of fungi, Frost imelnded tonr species of Helvella: H. crispa Fr., H. elastica Bull., H. lacunosa ‘ 2The same list is repeated in his Report on the Geology, Botany and Zoology of Massachusetts (1833) and in his Catalogues of the Animals and Plants of Massachusetts (1835). ANDERSON & IcKiIs: MASSACHUSETTS SPECIES OF HELVELLA 207 Afz., and H. ephippium Lev. It has been customary for my- cological writers to speak of Frost’s collections as being from Massachusetts. Frost, however, did not live in Massachusetts and most of his collections were made near his home in Brattle- boro, Vt. In the first and second volumes of the bulletins of the Bussey Institute 1875-1900, Farlow published two long lists of fungi found in the vicinity of Boston. In these lists however, no species of Helvella were mentioned unless we wish to con- sider Pezizga macropus Pers. as a Helvella. Underwood, in his paper “On the Distribution of the North American Helvellales ” adds nothing to the above list except the interesting fact that he himself had collected’ H. elastica in this state. In the Peabody Museum at Salem, Massachusetts, there are a large number of water-color drawings of fungi by George E. Morris of Waltham, Mass. The locality of collection 1s indicated under each drawing. The species of Helvella which he illustrated from collections in this state were: H. crispa, H. ephippium, H. lacunosa, H. Mon- achella, H. macropus, and H. macropus var. brevis Pk. The fast, Hamed variety was described’ by Peck (Bul. Tor. Club 209: 74) from specimens sent to him by Morris. Sole MATIC-ACCOUNT MIBEVEELA Et, Sys. Myc. 2: 13. 1822 Boleto-lichen Jus. Mem. Ac. Sc. Paris. 1728, p. 268. Fungoides, Sect. Fungoidea fungiforma Mich. N. Pl. Gen. p. BOA. 11720. | moca I. Gen. Pl. (Ed. 1), p. 327.. 1737. ive lo. Sp.-pl. (Ed. 1), p. 1180. 1753. Mivela Gled. (pars). Meth. fung., p. 36. 1753. mnuella be. Fl-suec. (Ed. 11), p. 456. 1755. moeius Batt. (pars). Fung. arim. hist., p. 23. 1759. meaivella LL. Sp. pl. (Ed. IL), p. 1649. 1763. felis Scop. (pars); Fl. Carn.’2: 473. ©1772. Leptopodia Boud. Bul. Soc. Myc. Fr. 1: 99. 1885. Fries’ description of the genus. Receptaculum pileatum, cen- tro suffultum, deflexum, subinflatum, sinuosum, subtus concavum sterile, supra margineque hymenio tectum. Hymenium laeve, 208 MycOLoGIA persistens. Asci fixi—sStipes constanter praesens, cum centro receptaculi contiguus, cavus |. medulla floccosa farctus. Pileus adultus mitraeformis, compressus, lobatus, siccus, subtus pru- inosus. Substantia ceraceo-membranacea. Plants large, usually, several centimeters” high) ciipmatesand upright. Puileus thin, deflexed, attached at the center, concave below; of irregular shapes, lobed, irregularly undulate, mitri. form, compressed, saddle-shaped, etc.; not typically cup-shaped or closed when young; without gyrose elevations on the upper surface; margin free or attached to the stipe on opposite sides or at several points; of a waxy membranaceous or waxy-fleshy consistency ; upper surface covered by the hymenium, glabrous; lower surface sterile, glabrous, pruinose, tomentose or villose, sometimes rugulose or venose. Hypothecium and excipulum of densely interwoven hyphae passing outwardly into a pseudo- parenchymatous cortex of larger cells. Stipe slender or stout; straight or irregularly undulate; smooth, lacunose or with deep longitudinal furrows separated by narrow costae, frequently en- tire stipe composed of costae united by their inner edges, outer edges of costae usually irregularly anastomosing; solid, stuffed or hollow; glabrous, pruinose, tomentose or villose. Asci long cylindrical or narrowly clavate, with 8 spores in a single row. Spores hyaline, continuous, ellipsoidal, smooth, 15-20 & 9-12 in our species, with a large prominent central oil globule. Para- physes slender, straight, septate, sometimes branching, enlarging upward to 2-3 times the diameter of the base, hyaline or tinged with brown, Solitary or gregarious, subfleshy fungi, without distinctive taste or odor, autumnal, in the damp woods on the ground or wet rotten stumps or logs. Most of them are said to be edible. The genus as originally delimited by Fries (1823) falls natur- ally into three sections, as follows: Stipe longitudinally sulcate-costate (fluted). Helvella proper Stipe smooth, or at most somewhat lacunose or irregular. Small plants with slender stipes. Leptopodia Boud. Large plants with thick stipes. Gyromitra Fries The first section is the oldest and best known and is typified by the common species H. crispa and H. lacunosa. These species have never been referred to any other genus since the time of Fries. 3 The second section includes H. elastica, H. atra, H. ephippium and H. adhaerens. It includes the species on the doubtful line ANDERSON & IcKiIs: MASSACHUSETTS SPECIES OF HELVELLA 209 between Helvella and Macropodia. Boudier (1885) separated these species from Helvella and established the genus Lepto- podia with H. elastica as the type. The third section includes H. esculenta, H. imfula, and other species which are now commonly referred to the genus Gyro- mitra. Their characters tend toward those of Morchella. Fries considered H. esculenta so distinct from the other species that he made it the basis of a separate genus Gyromuitra which he characterized thus: “ Discus bullato-inflatus, costis elevatis gyro- sus” (Sum. veg. Scan. 346. 1846). He leit H. infula, how- ever, in the genus Helvella. This species seems more closely re- _lated to A, esculenta than to the other Helvellae, and Rehm has therefore removed it also to Gyromitra. ‘Seaver considers it identical with G. esculenta and unites the two under the name Flvela nfula Schaeff. Pending further study of fresh material in the field, the writers have not considered this or other species of Gyomitra in this paper. G. brunnea Und. is the only other species of that genus which they have found in Massachusetts. They hope to discuss Gyromitra in a future paper. Key TO SPECIES OF HELVELLA IN THE NORTHEASTERN STATES I. Stipe longitudinally sulcate-costate (fluted). - 1. Plants light-colored (white, cream-colored to light-buff, or with bright-yellow hymenial surface), margin upturned, usually free. H. crispa. 1. Plants some shade of gray, brown or black. 2. Pileus venose below with prominent branch- ing veins radiating from the stipe. H. Queletiana. 2. Pileus net prominently venose below. 3. Pileus more or less saddle-shaped, com- pressed, firm, margin permanently ad- nate with the stipe. H. lacunosa 3. Pileus irregularly agariciform (only rarely saddle-shaped), less firm, mar- gin usually found free. A palustris. 3. Pileus cup-shaped (pezizoid), stipe and lower surface of plieus black velvety. AH. nigra II. Stipe smooth; somewhat lacunose at times but never sulcate-costate. 1. Margin of pileus always free. 2. Pileus more or less cup-shaped (margin up- turned), lower surface and stipe villose with brown moniliform hairs. 3. Spores blunt-ellipsoid, 15-18 long. A. ephippium. 3. Spores ellipsoid-fusiform, 18-25 long. Macropodia iacropus 210 MycoLoGIa 2. Pileus not cup-shaped, stipe white or very light-colored, not villose. AA. elastica. 1. Margin of pileus adnate with stipe. 2. Entire plant whitish or smoky-white (may become brown in age or in drying). H. adhaerens. 2. Smoke-gray to fuscous-black, stipe very dark. fy aires 2. Pileus brown, stipe white. Larger than the two preceding species. AH. Monachella (?) I. HIELVELLA CRISPA Fr. Sys., Mye. 237 eee Elvella palhda Schaeff. Fung. 3: ¢. 282. ‘1770. Phallus crispus Scop. Fly Cara. 22475. 1772) Phallus lobatus Batsch. Elenchus fung. p. 129. 1783. HT. lacunosa var. pallida Afz. Kongl. Vet.-Akad. nya Hand. A202). 1782 Salba Bere, Rhy aS . nivea Schrad. Journ. Bot. 2: 66, . mira var. alba Bull. Champ. p. 298. 1786. . nutra var. fulva Bull. Champ. p. 298. ¢. 466. 1780. mira sow. Col, Fig. Brit. Pung), 30. 1797. | . lekcophaea Pers. ‘Obs. Myc, 23 19.1790. . leucophaea Tratt. Ess. Schw., p. 163. 1809. Fries’ description. Pileo deflexo lobato liberato crispo pallido, stipite fistuloso costato-lacunoso. Solitaria, magna, 3-5 unc. alta, primo obtutu glabra. Stipes niveus exsiccatione flavescens, validus, deorsum ventricosus, totus sulcato-costatus lacunosusque, costis planis fistulosis, unde stipes dissectus e tubulis pluribus discretis componitur. Pileus deflexus, inflatus lobatus, margine primo stipiti adnato, mox libero undulato laciniato-contorto & crispato. Pileus drooping, lobed, irregularly wrinkled and contorted above, margin at first slightly adnate to the stipe but soon free, extreme margin curled upward in all of our specimens, fragile and easily splitting, white, cream color, light-buff or yellow, 1.5-7 cm. in diameter, glabrous, smooth or sometimes rugulose be- neath. Stipe stout, glabrous or pruinose, white or colored like pileus, ventricose toward the base and attenuate upward, longi- tudinally sulcate-costate, lacunose by the irregular anastomosing of the outer margins of the costae, whole stipe apparently formed by the edgewise anastomosing of flat plates enclosing tubes in the center and furrows on the surface, 2-10 cm. tall, .8-2 cm. ee ANDERSON & IcKis: MASSACHUSETTS SPECIES OF HELVELLA 211 diam. Asci cylindrical, 250-300 K 15-18. Spores ellipsoidal, smooth, hyaline, with large central oil drop, 16-19 X 9-I2p. Paraphyses straight, slender, enlarging upward, hyaline, slightly Ioieeritian the asci. (Pl. 11, fig. f.) Plants usually solitary, in dense wet woods, especially along streams, on the ground, leaf-mold, or sometimes decayed logs or stumps. Common in autumn. | The pilei of all the specimens which the writers have collected about Amherst are cream-color, light-buff, or warm-buff. Plants exhibiting shades of pink or red are said to be common in Europe. On the basis of color Fries (1. c.) enumerates three forms; (a) alba, pallescens, (b) incarnata, (c) lutescens. Sim- ilarly Massee (1895) gives: | “Forma alba. Pileus whitish.. Forma Grevillei.' Under surface of pileus reddish; stem white. Forma incarnata. Pileus and stem flesh color. Forma fulva. Pileus yellowish to tawny.” In the exsiccati the stipes become light-buff or warm-buff but the hymenial surface becomes much darker, cinnamon, bay, ochra- ceous-tawny or ochraceous-buff in specimens we have compared with Ridgway’s Color Standards. @hevsize of the plants is an extremely variable character; a condition which is true of all the species of Helvella which we have studied. Our specimens have usually been small, rarely exceeding 4-5 cm. in height, and we have frequently found diminutive forms less than 1.5 cm. high. Hone (1904) describes the Minnesota specimens as up to 10 cm. in height and the stipe mo to. 5 cm. in diameter. In the Harvard herbarium there are specimens which measure up to 8 cm. tall; in the fresh condition they must have been fully as large as those from Minnesota. Most of the specimens which one finds have the pileus entirely free on the margin. We do not find the costae hollow in our small specimens as described by Fries and others. Massachusetts Collections: Boston 1858 (Sprague); Wal- tham, Oct. 1901 (Morris) ; Roslindale, Oct. 1901 (W. R. Hud- son), Bost. Myc. Herb. ; Williamstown, Sept. 1901 (Farlow), in imaiv.tierb.; Amherst, Sept. and Oct. 1919 and 1920 (Ickis & feaaderson) M.A. C. Herb, 2643, 2715, 2732, 2822. . Frost’s col- 2 MYCOLOGIA - lections are not listed here or later because of the uncertainty of the locality. The number of exsiccati in the various herbaria indicate that this species is common throughout the eastern states. 2. HELVELLA LACUNOSA Fr. Sys. Myc. 23) ngeneae Boletus leucophaeus Batt. Arim. hist., Pp. 25amZaS: Elvela Mitra Schaeff. Fung. t. 154. 1763. Elvela monacella Schaeff. Fung. t. 162. Index, p. 106. 1763. Helveila lacunosa Afz. Kong. Vet.-Akad. Handl. 4: 303. 1783. HT. sulcata Atz. Kongl. Vet--Ak: Handl 4: 2057 1ges: . sulcata Willd. Fungi. berolin., p. 398. 1787. : sulcata Fr. sys. Myc. 25.15. TS24 . sulcata Afz. var. cmerea Bres. Fung. Trid., p. 41. 1881. . sulcata Atz. var. nunor ,Clem.- Bot. Sur) Nebreaivenaneao: Gory Fries’ description. H. lacunosa, pileo inflato lobato cinereo- nigro, lobis deflexis adnatis, stipite fistuloso costato-lacunoso. Ab antecedente (H. crispa), pro cujus varietate facile sumi posset, differet pileo magis regulari, 2—-4-lobo, vix laciniato, lobis serius liberatis & praecipue colore. Statura plerumque minor, subinde tamen aeque procera occurrit s. Helvella mitra g. pra- tensis Alb. & Schwein. consp. p. 298. Quamvis igitur charac- teres acuti desint, in natura constans; etiam in cibariis vilior. FH, sulcata, pileo deflexo lobato adnato, stipite farcto costis aequalibus sulcat. Solitaria, raro gregaria, tota glabra, certe a priori diversa. Stipes farctus, 2 unc. longus, 4—5 lin. crassus, teres, sursum attenuatus, sulcis longitudinalibus profundis ex- artus, costis tenuibus solodis, nec lacunoso-fistulosis ut in prae- cedentibus. Pileus deflexus aequaliter 2-3-lobus, compressus, laevis, exsiccatus obscurior, latere interiori stipiti adnatus. Pileus lobed, saddle-shaped, compressed or irregular, lobes de- flexed and adnate with the stipe, firm, varying in color from smoke-gray to almost black, 1.5-5 cm. broad, glabrous, smooth, or lower surface rugulose. Stipe even or attenuate upward, or downward, sometimes ventricose, smoke-gray, sulcate-costate, with the costae sometimes anastomosing by their outer margins, sometimes free throughout the extent of the stipe, costae solid in our specimens but said to be sometimes hollow, stipe formed as in H. crispa, 1.5-10 cm. in*height by 0.5-2 cm. in diameter. Asci cylindrical, 250-350 X 15-20u. Spores ellipsoidal, hyaline, smooth, with large central oil drop and some very much smaller ones, 15-19 X 10-12". Paraphyses slender, septate, enlarging upward, hyaline or brown tinted. (PI. 11, figs. 2, 3, 4, 5.) ANDERSON & IcKkis: MASSACHUSETTS SPECIES OF HELVELLA 213 Solitary or gregarious, on the ground, or frequently on wet, rotten logs and stumps in the woods. Not uncommon in autumn. This species varies greatly in size, shape, and color with the locality and conditions of development. Such variations have resulted in the establishment of a number of species and vari-’ eties, as indicated by the synonyms listed above, but the lack of good constant specific characters and the occurrence of inter- grading specimens indicate that they might better be considered merely as variable forms of this rather broad species. The writers have followed Rehm (1896), Massee (1895), and others in uniting AH. sulcata Afz. with this species. Fries considers them as separate species and places in H. sulcata the forms with stuffed stipes and solid costae which do not anastomose, while in H. lacunosa he places those with hollow stipes and hollow costae which sometimes anastomose. Later writers have also found that the latter is the larger species, e.g., Boudier (1905) gives the height of H. lacunosa as 5-12 cm. and that of A. sulcata aS 3-7 cm., also adding that the stipe of H. sulcata is not ventricose at the base and the spores are a little smaller. Specimens collected about Amherst have rarely been over 5-6 cm. in height, the costae are solid and the stipes not hollow. They agree, therefore, more nearly with the descriptions of AH. sulcata. But in the anastomosing of the costae they resemble H. lacunosa Fr. In view of the pronounced tendency to variation in stature which is exhibited by various species of Helvella, size, unless very extreme, would hardly seem to be a safe specific character. As for the distinction based on the solid or hollow condition of the costae, we have previously noted that both conditions seem to exist in H. crispa but no writer has attempted to split the latter into two species on this basis. In our specimens in- terior tubes have been found only where the furrows on the surface have been converted into tubes by the anastomosing of the outer edges of the costae. Our specimens have uniformly had smoke-gray stipes and smoke-gray to fuscous pilei, which become darker as they be- come older or dry out. Fries lists under H. lacunosa a form major with white stipe and form minor with blackish stipe. Also 214 MyYcoLociIA under H. sulcata, he has form fusca with black pileus, brown stipe becoming ash-gray on drying and form cinerea which is entirely ash-gray. Boudier describes H. lacunosa as having the pileus black both above and below and the stipe somewhat lighter, while in H. sulcata it is blackish or cinereous with a paler stipe. Willdenow mentions a variety of H. sulcata which is entirely white. One concludes after reading the descriptions of the various authors that the shade of color is extremely variable but it is agreed by all that it can be readily distinguished from H. crispa by its sombre hues. Also in this species we do not find the margin curled upward as in H. crispa, and in our collections the pileus has never been found entirely free from the costae. Massachusetts Collections: Sprague (1856), Frost (1875), and Underwood (1896) have included this species in their lists of New England fungi but the localities from which they were col- lected are uncertain. Waltham, Aug. 1898 (Morris), Bost. Myc. Herb.; Wareham, Sept. 1912 (EB; C. Ellis) Bost) Myciienae Holbrook, Aug. 1899. (Alice L. Grinnell) Bost. Myc. Herb.; Manchester, Sept. 1898 (N. D. Elliott) Bost.” Myce) Hem. Acton, July 1918. N. Y. Bot. Gard: Herb:; Ellis, Anerroe ae E. Morris) N. Y. Bot. Gard. Herb.; Boston, July 1909 (Mor- ris); Amherst, Oct.:1920 (Ickis & Anderson)” Wig sAgaes erm It appears to be a common species in this state. 3. HELVELLA PALUSTRIS Pk. Ann: Rpt. N.Y) Statee Mites Hist. 33¢ 31. pl. 22, (10-16. a oee Peck’s original description. Pileus irregular, at first blackish and shghtly adnate, then grayish brown or mouse-colored and free, rugose beneath; stem equal, slender, sulcate-costate, col- ored like the pileus, the costae thin, subacute; asci cylindrical ; spores broadly elliptical, .oo064 in. to .ooo8 in. long, .0005 in. broad, containing a single large nucleus; paraphyses thickened above, brown. Plant I in, to 2 in. high, pileus 6 lines to 12 lines broad, stem _ about 2 lines thick. Among mosses and liverworts in swamps. Manlius. Aug. : This species is related to H. sulcata, from which it differs in its more slender and darker colored stem, its less firm and more ANDERSON & [cKIS: MASSACHUSETTS SPECIES OF HELVELLA -215 free pileus and its darker colored paraphyses. In the dried speci- mens the upper surface of the pileus has assumed a blackish color, but the lower surface has retained very nearly its normal hue. The-dark colored slender stem readily separates this species from all others with costate or lacunose-costate stems. We have found but a single specimen of this species. The entire plant was gray, the slender stipe 5 cm. high by 3 mm. thick and beautifully fluted with prominent veins which did not anas- tomose. The pileus was entirely free, not firm, almost smooth beneath. Spores measured 14-18 & 7-10 and could not be dis- tinguished from those of other Helvellae. In order to clear up doubts about this species we studied carefully the specimens in Peck’s herbarium at Albany. Six specimens were found but they were in imperfect condition. The place of collection was Manlius Center but no date was given (a frequent omission in the Peck herbarium) and it was of course impossible to say whether it was the type material. In the dried state the pilei were about 2 cm. in diam. and black, the stipe 4 cm. high X 3 mm. diam., sulcate costate, bistre or a little lighter upward, pileus attached in some but mostly free, finely wrinkled below. Whether or not the differences are sufficient to warrant the separation of this form from H. lacunosa as a distinct species is a question which can be answered only by study of more abundant fresh material. It is also very similar to H. Queletiana. In the absence of more abundant material for investigation we have considered it as a distinct species. Massachusetts Collections: Pelham, Sept. 1917 (Anderson). 4. HELVELLA QUELETIANA Sacc. & Trav. Syll. Fung. 19: 850. IQIO las venosa uel. (nec Schw.) Quél. esp. Myc. fr. roth suppl., p. 672: 1881. i. plebophora Sacc. (nec Pat.). Syll. 8: 20. 1880. Quelet’s original description. Stipe court, plein, a la fin creux, lacuneux, cannelé, pruineux, gris ou bistre. Mitre bilobée, com- primeée puis réfléchie et festonnée, veinée réticulée, gris clair. Hy- menium glabre, brun bistré. Spore ellipsoide (O™™" 016-18), ocellée. O16 | MycoLocia Eté—Dans les foréts de la plaine. Il me parait distinct du sulcata auquel je l’avais réuni comme variété. (Pl. VIII, fig. 15.) | Late in the autumn during three successive years the writers have collected plants which they have referred to this species along the marshy wooded banks of a small sluggish stream on Mt. Toby near Sunderland. They grow from mossy rotten logs and limbs which are partly submerged in the stream, moss-cov- ered rocks, muck, or leaf-mold but always very close to the water. Frequently specimens were found completely submerged. Because we were never fully satisfied as to the identity of these plants, very full notes were always recorded. The following de- scription is condensed from notes on some fifty fresh specimens collected during the three years: Pileus not saddle-shaped or compressed (except occasionally in young stages), usually convex and somewhat agariciform, ir- regularly undulating on the upper surface, thin and weak, easily splitting back from the wavy margin, drooping and sometimes adnate to the costae, but most often found with margins entirely free, I-3 cm. broad, usually fuscous above, but occasionally lighter (to smoke-gray of Ridgway), lower surface concolorous with the stipe. The costae from the stipe continue outward on the lower surface of the pileus as prominent radiating and branching veins disappearing toward the margin (See fig. 7). Stipe even or frequently attenuate downward, glabrous, smoke- gray or sometimes lighter (to almost white), 2-4 cm. high by 4-7 mm. in diam., sulcate-costate, the costae narrow and high, only rarely anastomosing, entire stipe composed of these solid plate-like costae united by their inner edges. Asci 200-300 X 16—20n, cylindrical, with 8 uniseriate spores. Spores ellipsoidal, hyaline, smooth, with large central oil drop, 14-18 X 10-I2u. Paraphyses of the same height or a little longer than the asci, septate, slender, gradually enlarging upward to 5-6u. (PI. 11, figs. 6, 7.) The microscopic characters of the species are not distinctive but in the very prominent veins which spread over the lower surface of the free pileus it is very distinct from any other species which we have found here. The plants seem very much like H. palustris of Peck both in form and in habit and were at first referred there, but Peck does —_ ANDERSON & Ickis: MASSACHUSETTS SPECIES OF HELVELLA 217 not describe that species as having a venose inferior surface and it seems hardly probable that so prominent a character as this should escape the attention of so keen an observer. Examina- tion of Peck’s specimens of H. palustris (in imperfect condition, to be sure) failed to show this character. HA. palustris is also a more slender species and is said to have a darker stipe. Both Quelet and Saccardo find H. Queletiana very closely related to H. sulcata (=H. lacunosa) and we were at first inclined to re- gard it as a synonym, but we have found the two species growing only a few feet apart and as seen in the field they appear very distinct. This venose lower surface 1s also possessed by H. fusca Gilandsd. subcostata Cke. All'three agree also in the rather free pileus and sulcate stipe. Study of a wide range of material might show that they were not all distinct. Massachusetts Collections: Sunderland, Sept. 1917 (Ander- son). Oct. 1919. (Anderson), Oct. 1920. (Ickis & Anderson) Mere Cy rlerh, 22383, 2816,'2823.° Apparently.a rare species, no other collections having been recorded from this state and very few from elsewhere. 5. HELVELLA NIGRA Peck, Bul. Tor: Club 26: 70.. 1899 Peck’s description. Pileus irregular, cupular, 1.5-2 cm. broad, externally velvety with short few-celled blackish brown or black septate hairs, hymenium even, black; stem 1.5—2 cm. long, solid, deeply sulcate and lacunosely pitted, velvety, black ; asci 8-spored, 150-200 long, 12-15 broad; spores elliptic, 15—20u long, IO-I2p broad; usually containing a single large shining nucleus. Premesoor an-old ‘camp fire, Mt. Katadin, Me.,’Sept., I. L. Harvey. ‘This species is externally black and everywhere clothed with short thick black hairs except on the hymenium, but the inner substance is white. It is peculiar in having a cup-shaped though wavy and irregular ascomate or pileus. It is possible that this may become reflexed or deflexed with age, but I have seen no such specimens. The stem is rather long and conspicuously sul- cate and lacunose and on this account I have referred the species to the genus Helvella rather than to Acetabularia. The hymen- ium is sometimes suffused with a white pruinosity, 218 MycoLocta No collections of this species have been reported from Massa- chusette and we can add nothing to the above description. The length and furrowing of the stipe seem to us to be hardly suff- cient basis for calling this plant a Helvella, since neither of these characters is lacking in the Pezizales where the cup-like upright pileus would seem to place the spectes in the genus Acetabula. 6. HELVELLA EPHIPPIUM Lév. Ann. Sci, Nat: Tl) 10: 240; ian, G7, SLOat Leveillé’s original description. Gregaria, villosa, cinerea; pileo 2~3-lobo, deflexo, libero; stipite cylindr:co, laevi, farcto.* Hab. circa Parisios, ad terram in graminosis. Aestate. Pileus firm, smooth, rather tough and membranaceous, at first pezizoid, then becoming saddle-shaped by the elevation of two opposite sides and the depression of the intervening margins, I-3 cm. broad, margin always free from the stipe, smoke brown or bistre above, cinereous and scurfy villose below with tufts of converging, closely septate, moniliform, brown hairs increasing to 12-15 in thickness at their apices. Stipe slender, attenuate upward, scurfy-villose like the lower surface of pileus, stuffed, terete, tough, elastic, cinereous, I-3.3 cm. high by 2-5 mm. diam. at the base. Asci 200-300 X 14-18. Spores hyaline, smooth, ellipsoidal, with large central oil drop, 14-18 & 10-12p. Para- physes slender, septate, enlarged upward, brown-tinted. (PI. 12, figs. 18-20.) Gregarious, on the ground in grassy places and thin woods. Common in late summer and autumn. Our specimens have been very dark gray, some of them fus- cous-black. The pezizoid character is very prominent and although the older ones are frequently saddle-shaped, they be- come so in the manner described above and not because the lobes are reflexed from the first as in H. atra. We find with Leveillé however that the shape is not very constant. Many of the stipes were partly buried and in all cases a round ball of earth adheres to the base of the stipe, making it appear at first bulbose. The hairs on the lower surface are longer and the scurfy-villose character more prominent than in H. atra, giving the plant an almost shaggy appearance. The spores are described 1A long note follows this brief diagnosis in the original. ANDERSON & IcKiIs: MASSACHUSETTS SPECIES OF HELVELLA 219 by Leveillé as round but we find them much the same as in other species of the genus except perhaps that they are a httle smaller (14-16 long in our specimens). In this species we have a connecting link between the Hel- vellae and the Pezizales. One who sees only the younger cupu- lar ascomata is inclined to place it among the latter but in more mature stages the helvelloid character appears. Massachusetts Collections. Sundérland, Sept., 1919 (Ander- somes G- VV. Martin) M.A. C. Herb. 2644; Leverett, Oct., 1920 (Ickis). There are specimens under this name in the Harvard herbarium, collected by Mrs. Sanger at Manchester, Mass., in Aug. 1906, but they could hardly be H. ephippium as we know it, since they are much larger, have lacunose stipes, and the margins of the pilei are adnate. | In Peck’s herbarium there are two packets of this species from Mass., one from G. E. Morris, of Waltham, and the other from Miss Hallowell, but no localities or dates are given. (AOA EENELEA ELASTICA Fr. Sys, Myc. 2: 21. . 1823 Boleto-lichen vulgaris Jus. Mem. Ac. Sc. Paris 1728, p. 268. Bigeatuignosa Schaefi. Fung. ¢. 320.. Index, p. 113. 1770. ie closiica Bull. Champ. fr. p. 299. ¢.'242. 1785. A Moira Bolt. Hist. fung. t. 95. .1780. Haibida Pers. Syn. Meth. fung. p. 616. 1801. ieegracwis.tk. N. Y.. Sta; Mus: Nat. Hist: Rpt. 24 (for 1870) : OAe 1872, Leptopodia elastica Boud. Bul. Soc. Myc. Fr. 1: 99. 1885. Elvella albella Quél. Bul. ass’n. fr. Adv. Sci. 1895: 621. t. 6, f. 6. Leptopodia albella (Quél.) Boud. Ic. Myc. 4: 123. Igto. Helvella capucmoides Pk. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 157: 27. 1912. Cipé--statel Bot. fer TOIT.) Fries’ description. FPileo libero laevi inflato, demun acute lo- bato, stipite elongato tenui attenuato pruinoso. Gracilis, 3-4 unc. alta, elastica, pellucens. Stipes junior farc- tus, dein fistulosus, basi incrassatus, saepe irregulariter lacuno- sus. Puileus unciam vix attingens, 2—3-lobus, subinde orbicularis leviter plicatus. Pileus smooth or undulate, firm, deflexed and rolled backward, 220 MycoLoGiaA saddle-shaped or irregularly 2—3-lobed, usually tilted—so much so in some cases that it is almost vertical and the reflexed lobes en- circle the stipe—margin even or wavy and free from the stipe, upper surface light-drab, smoke-gray or yellow but often found darker, through various shades of gray-brown or fuliginous, I-3.5 cm. broad, lower surface white, pruinose to tomentose, usually areolate. Stipe slender, smooth and terete or frequently somewhat uneven and undulating, compressed at places or lacu- nose but never sulcate-costate, attenuate upward, pruinose to to- mentose, 3-10 cm. high by 4-8 mm. diam. at the base, pure-white, sometimes darker toward the base and exhibiting there the same colors as the pileus, stuffed or finally hollow. Asci 200-300 X 12-18u. Spores ellipsoidal, smooth, hyaline, 17-20 X I0-I2p, with large central oil drop. Paraphyses slender, septate, clavate, hyaline, - (PI. 12, figs. 8-15.) On the ground and sometimes on wet rotten logs in the woods. Common in autumn. The shape of the pileus is extremely variable. It only rarely appears to be set squarely on the top of the stipe but in our specimens has almost always been tilted at various angles as in-. dicated by our photographs. If tilted to nearly the vertical posi- tion, the reflexed margins roll closely about the top of the stipe. Sometimes longitudinal lacunae on opposite sides extend clear through the stipe, the fissure thus formed making the stipe appear double for a part of its length (fig. 8). The stipe is always slender; we have never found one that was as much as I cm. in diameter ; it is difficult for us to believe that they become I inch thick in Minn. as described by Miss Hone. .H. albella Quél. (= Leptopodia albella of Boudier) is separated on the basis. of a darker colored pileus. In view of the well-known variations in the shade of the pileus such a character would hardly seem sufh- cient for separating a species. In his supplement to Vol. Il of the Systema Mycologicum, Fries states that he has seen many varieties of colors, snow-white, brown, etc. Peck describes his new species H. gracilis as having the upper surface of the pileus pale-yellow, but in all other respects his description agrees with that of H. elastica. Cook (Mycogr. 1 (I): or and) fig. 162): after examining the specimensmon gracilis which Peck sent to him says: Size and habit that of 4. elastica, wholly ochraceous. Sporidia 18-20 X 12m. It 1s appar- ANDERSON & IcKis: MASSACHUSETTS. SPECIES OF HELVELLA 221 ently only different in color from the usual condition of H. elas- tica, of which it is probably only a variety.” His figure shows the plant wholly ochraceous, but it was made from dried speci- mens and we frequently find exsiccati specimens of H. elastica entirely of that color. In a short key to the N. Y. species of iewvelia (Rpt. 31: 59. ..1879.) Peck separates . gracilis. from A. elastica on the basis of its glabrous stipe. But Cooke finds ‘his specimens of H. gracilis with pruinose stipes. In the N. Y. State Herb. at Albany the writers had opportunity to study nu- merous collections of this species by Peck but it was impossible to determine whether any of them were type specimens since Peck seems rarely to have marked his type specimens as such and also quite commonly omitted the date of collection. In the dried state nothing could be found to distinguish them from A. elas- tica. Under the lens the stipes were plainly pruinose to tomen- tose. The stipe and lower surface are light-ochraceous-buff, warm-buff or pinkish-buff; the upper surface varies from cin- namon-buff or clay-color to cinnamon-rufous and_ chestnut- brown. A drawing by Peck along with these specimens shows the upper surface of the pileus cream-buff. The form with the brown pileus is less frequent but not uncommon in this state. In Farlow’s herbarium at Harvard there are a number of excel- lent specimens which Dr. Farlow collected at Williamstown and sent to Boudier who identified them as Leptopodia albella. Through some confusion of names they are labelled H. albipes, a species which probably does not occur in America and even in the dried condition could hardly be mistaken for H. elastica. Careful examination failed to show any distinction between the Williamstown specimens and other specimens which are in the Harvard and other herbaria under H. elastica. Peck describes the color of the upper surface of the pileus of his new species H. capucinoides as smoky-ochraceous, becoming brown or ochraceous brown with age; the spores 20-28 X I2- 16. A large number of the type specimens of'this species at Albany were studied. The pileus was bistre to snuff-brown in color. The plants in all respects seem to agree with the exsiccati of H. ~elastica which we have seen in ‘various other herbaria. The 272 MycoLociaA spores measured 18-20 X10-I12u and were in every way like those of H. elastica. Exsiccati specimens of H. elastica com- pared with Ridgway’s color standard plates, are light-ochraceous- buff, warm-buff, ochraceous-tawny or ochraceous-buff on the stipe and under surface of the pileus. The upper surface varies widely, ochraceous-tawny, russet, Mars-brown, Rood’s-brown, sepia to fuscous-black. It seems probable that the shade which the specimen finally assumes might be largely influenced by its condition when collected and especially by the rapidity and con- ditions under which it was dried. A variety having the lower surface of the pileus and the stipe fuscous but otherwise like H. elastica has been reported from Vermont by Burt (1899) as H. elastica var. fusca Bull. (Champ. Fr. pl. 242, fig. D). Fig. D of Bulliard’s plate 242) nowever; does not show the lower surfaces of pileus and stipe to be differ- ent in color from other plants figured on the same plate and we are at a loss to locate the authority for the variety. We have not seen specimens of it in Massachusetts. Massachusetts Collections: Frost included this species in his list of fungi within thirty miles of Amherst College but no lo- cality was mentioned. Underwood also writes that he collected it in this state. Manchester, Sept.’ 1800 (Stureis)@an eelary. Herb.; Williamstown, Sept. 1901 (Farlow) in Hary. Herb; Prides Crossing, Sept. 1901. (J. F. Conant), Bost Myes bleqn: Amherst and Sunderland, Sept. and Oct. 1919 and 1920, (Ander- son & Ickis) M. A. C. Herb. 2716, 2732, 2812 @etebablyies common as any species of Helvella in New England. 8. HELVELLA ADHAERENS Peck. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 54: 956. pl. 50, figs. 11-15. (Rpt. of Botanist for 1901.) 1902 Peck’s original description. Pileus thin, irregular, deflexed, whitish or smoky white, becoming brownish with age or in dry- ing, the lower margin attached to the stem, even and whitish be- neath; stem slender, even, solid, pruniosely downy, smoky white or brownish, the upper part concealed by the deflexed pileus and smaller than the lower exposed part; asci cylindric, 8-spored ; spores elliptic, often uninucleate, .0007—.0008 of an inch long, .0005 broad; paraphyses filiform, hyaline, thickened or subclavate at the top. ANDERSON & IcKis: MASSACHUSETTS. SPECIES OF HELVELLA 223 Ground in woods. Bolton and Hague. August and Septem- ber. Related to H. elastica, from which it is easily distinguished by having the deflexed margin of the pileus attached to the stem. When young and fresh the whole plant is whitish or dingy white, but it us apt to become brownish with age or in drying. In 1879 Peck (Rpt. 31: 59) stated that he sometimes found the margin of the pileus adnate to the stem in H. elastica. In the present description he states that H. adhaerens differs from H. elastica in that the pileus margin of the former is adnate. The two statements in conjunction indicate that he had now decided that those plants of H. elastica in which the margins were at- tached should be placed in a separate and new species which he now describes. Four different collections of H. adhaerens in the Peck herba- rium at Albany were examined. Apparently two species have been confused there, one a tall species which looks very similar to HZ. elastica except for the adnate pileus and a slightly darker color; the other a smaller, very dark form with densely hairy stipe which has every character of H. atra. From Peck’s de- scription it seems likely that the first is the true H. adhaerens. There is no record of the occurrence of this species in Massa- chusetts and we can add nothing to Peck’s description. Oy ELVELEA,ATRA Fr. Sys. Myc..2%-19.. 1823 muvaina Qed. Fl. Dan. Fase. 9: 7. 1770. fae agricans Pers. Obs, myc. 1? 72. 1706. Leptopodia atra (Konig) Boud. Hist. et. Class. Disc.,- p. 37. 1907. Fries’ description. Fuligineo-nigra, pileo deflexo utrinque ad- presso libero, subtus laevi, stipite farcto furfuraceo-villoso. Solitaria, minor, H. infulae analoga. Stipes 1-2 unc. longus, 1-2 lin. crassus, teretiusculus, laevis 1. irregulariter lacunosus, nigricans, basi subolivaceo-cinerascens. Pileus iam ab initio de- flexus, nec pezizoideus uti sequ., compressus, biloboemarginatus, % unc. |. parum ultra latus, laevis, demum leviter repandus, sub- tus & exsiccatus cinerascens. Pileus firm, smooth, reflexed, compressed-saddle-shaped, with the opposite drooping margins at first (in all our specimens) ad- nate with the stipe, I-2.5 cm. broad, smoke-gray to fuliginous 224 MycoLoGiIA above and below, lower surface smooth and velvety or scurfy- villose. Stipe smooth and terete or unevenly undulate or flat- tened or with some lacunae, especially toward the base but never sulcate-costate, attenuate upward, fuscous to fuscous-black but gray at the extreme base, villose like the lower surface of the pileus, stuffed, 2-5 cm. high and 2-7 mm. thick at the base. Asci 200-300 X 15-18y, cylindrical. Spores smooth, hyaline, ellip- soidal, with one large and a number of much smaller oil drops, 15-20 X 9-12u. Paraphyses slender, septate, enlarging upward to 8-on, hyaline to yellow-brown-tinted. (PI. 12, figs. 16-17.) - Gregarious on the ground and on wet rotten logs in the woods in autumn, | We have found this species but once in this state and since this is the only recorded collection from New England, we judge that the species is rare with us. Five specimens were found erowing on a very wet rotten maple log, in the edge of a swamp in October. In all of our specimens the margins of the pileus are adnate with the stipe but Fries and Rehm describe the pileus as free. Bresadola, Boudier, Massee and others find that it is sometimes adnate. In the face of such conflicting statements it seems best to describe it as sometimes adnate. In other respects our specimens agree very closely with the descriptions of Fries and Rehm. There is also some variation in the color of the upper surface of the pileus; Fries describes it as fuliginous, Rehm as smoke brown, Massee as sooty-black or black with a purple shade becoming dingy-gray, Gillet presents a figure in which it is gray- ish-white, etc. The pile1 of our specimens were smoke-gray to deep-mouse-gray while the stipes were fuscous to fuscous-black, much darker than the pilei but gray at the extreme base. Rehm finds a close relationship between this species and A. pezizoides and H. ephippium but if our specimens are typical, it is very easily distinguished from.the two latter species by the regularly saddle-shaped pileus, deflexed and compressed, adnate and not at all pezizoid. The main points of resemblance are the dark color and the villose stipe and under surface of the pileus. The adnate margins distinguish it from all the forms of H. elastica. It also differs in the color of the stipe from all of them (except H. elastica var. fusca) and in the villose character of the lower sur- ANDERSON & IcK1s: MASSACHUSETTS SPECIES OF HELVELLA 225 face and stipe. The very dark color of the stipe distinguishes it from H. adhaerens. Massachusetts Collections: Sunderland, Oct. 1920 (Ickis meidetson) M, A.C, Herb. 2825. Apparently rare. HOs+ HIELVELLA MoNACHELLA Fr. Sys. Myc. 2: 18. 1823 Morchella monacella Port. Hist. X, c. 70. 1592. Fungoidea fungiformia 6 Mich IN: PieGen. p. 204. 1720: Bows aows Batt. Fun. Agr: ari. Hist. p. 24, ¢. 2, f. WH. 1750. Phallus monacella Scop. Fl. Carn. 2: 476. 1772. Elvela spadicea Schaeff. Fung. 45 index p. 112, ¢. 2832-1770; HeWwela grandis Cum. Act. Ac. Taurin, ¢. 2. 1805. Fries’ description. Pileo deflexo lobato adnato laevi subspa- diceo, stipite cavo laevi glabro albo. Antecedenti proxima, sed notis allatis & vegetatione vernali bene distincta. Stipes 1-2 unc. longus, sursum attenuatus, 1% unc. vix crassus, primo teres; dein subcompressus versus basin lacuna no- tatus. Pileus demun crispus et undulatus, colore varius, badius, spadiceus, violaceous, nigrescens, etc. Pileus irregularly lobed, undulate, deflexed and adnate to the stipe, 3-6 cm. broad, pale-brown, chestnut-brown or darker to violaceous or blackish above, much lighter below. Stipe terete or somewhat compressed, smooth, hollow, somewhat swollen below, attenuate upward, minutely pubescent but becoming glabrous, 2-5 cm. high, I cm. thick, white. Asci cylindrical. Spores ellip- soidal, hyaline, smooth, with large central oil drop, 16-18 & 10pm. Paraphyses slender, septate, enlarging upward, brown at the tips. Solitary in woods on the ground in spring. The writers have not seen a fresh plant of this species; the above description being taken from those of Fries, Rehm, Massee, Gillet, and others. It appears to be a rare plant in America, hav- ing been reported only from New England and California. It is said to be common in Italy but even the European literature is scanty and based on very few collections. Rehm has well said that the species is in need of further investigation; it is doubly true of American collections. Fries finds that it is very closely related to H. Infula (Gyromitra), and on comparing his descrip- tions of the two species, one wonders what the important mor- phological differences are. It differs from all our other Helvel- 226 MycoLoGiIA lae and at the same time agrees with our Gyromitrae in its vernal habit. Its size, color and stout stipe also indicate a relationship to Gyromitra. The spores as described by Rehm are like those of Helvella rather than Gyronutra. In the few herbarium specimens which we have found and examined microscopically the spores were biguttulate and we are inclined to believe that the specimens were incorrectly referred to this species. We have included a consideration of this species in this paper, éven though based on very scanty data in the hope that mycolog:sts might be induced to look more carefully for it and settle the question as to its iden- tity. : Massachusetts Collections: Sprague (1858) included this species in his second list of New England fungi and indicates by the context that it was collected in the vicinity of Boston. Morris (1918) has doubtfully attached this name to a drawing of a species which he collected at Ellis in Sept. 1913. If it was A. Monachella, it differed from the European plant in its autumnal | OCCULT ENCE, 11. MacropoptA Macropus (Pers.) Fekl. Sym. Mye. p. 331. 1871 Helvella macropus Karst. Myc. fenn. 1: 37. 18712 (ee rull synonymy, see Rehm, Rabh. Krypt. Fl. Bd. 1, Abtr 3: oss: 18096.) i Pileus at first globose and closed, then opening to expose the grayish-brown hymenial surface, which is at first cup-shaped, then saucer-shaped, I-3 cm. broad, smooth above, coriaceous, fragile. Stipe cylindrical, 1-4 cm. high, 1-3 mm. in diameter, hol- low, attenuate upward, frequently somewhat lacunose. The stipe and lower surface of the pileus are gray, scurfy-villose, with tufts of closely septate moniliform clavate hairs, 10-12 thick at their apices. Asci cylindrical, 300-350 *K 14-16. Spores ellipsoid- fusiform, hyaline, smooth or sometimes rough, mostly with a large central oil drop, 18-25 * 10-124. Paraphyses slender, septate, enlarging upward to 8u, yellowish. This is not a true Helvella but is included in this paper be- cause frequently called a Helvella (following Karsten), and be- cause it is commonly found in Massachusetts. The early closed FENDERSON Gz [CKIS: MASSACHUSETTS SPECIES OF HELVELLA 227 condition of the ascoma and its more permanent cup-shape place it among the Pezizales rather than among the Helvellales. Phil- lips (1893) finds however that the cups sometimes become ex- panded or even reflexed. In this condition it would be more easily taken for a Helvella. The above description is taken largely from Rehm. Massee describes the plants as somewhat larger, 2-5 cm. broad and 3-7 cm. high; also he finds the spores 25-33 x if-134. Boudier (Icon. Myc. 4: 126) finds that it sometimes grows Io cm. high, never reflexed, the spores having usually 3 oil drops, 24-29 X 11-12, fusiform. Among the Massachusetts Helvellae it is most closely related to H. ephip- pium, from which species it is probably most easily separated by its larger ellipsoid-fusiform spores. Peck (Bul. Tor. Club 29: 74. 1902) described Helvella ma- cropus v. brevis from some small specimens which were sent to’ him from this state by Morris. Stipe 8-16 mm. long and pileus 8-16 mm. broad, hymenial surface black or nearly so. These differences seem hardly sufficient basis for the separation of a variety. The writers studied the type specimens at Albany as well as another collection sent to Peck by Simon Davis from Mass. The specimens were very similar to our exsiccati of H. ephippium, but the spores are distinctly fusiform, minutely tu- berculate and measure 18-25 10-I2u, corresponding in every respect with those of Macropodia macropus. MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, AMHERST, Mass. LITERATURE CITED (Exclusive of references fully cited in the text) Afzelius, Adam. Svamp-Slagtet Helvella. Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens (nya) handlingar 4: 303-310. 1783. Andrews, C. L. Contributions to the mycology of Massachusetts. Proc. Bost: “Soc... Nat. Hist. 5 321-323. (1856. Battarra, A. J. Antonius. Fungorum agri ariminensis historia 23-25, i. B59. Boudier, Emile. Icones mycologicae 2: pl. 225-240, 4: 118-126. 1905-1910. Bulliard, Pierre. Histoire des Champignons de la France. 1791-1798. Burt, E. A. A list of Vermont Helvelleae, with descriptive notes. Rhodora I: 61-63. 18909. Cooke, M. C. Mycography seu icones fungorum 1: 87-94, 198-200. 1879. Cooke, M. C. Synopsis of the Discomycetous fungi of the U. S. Bul. Buf. Soc: Nat. Sci: 23 286... 19873. 228 | MycoLoGIa Farlow, W. G. List of fungi found in the vicinity of Boston. Bul. Buss Inst. I: 430-439. 1876. Second paper 2: 224-248. Fries, Elias. Systema mycologicum 2: 13-22. 1823. Fries, Elias. Summa vegetabilium Scandinaviae 346. 1846. Frost, C. C. Fungi, in Tuckerman and Frost’s Catalogue of plants growing without cultivation within thirty miles of Amherst College 89. 1875. Frost, C. C. Further enumeration of New England fungi. Proc. Bost. Soc Nat: Hist: 12% 77—81. "1860." Gleditsch, Joh. Gottlieb. Methodus fungorum 36. 1753. Hone, Daisy S. Minnesota Helvellineae. Minn. Bot. Stud. 3: 309-321. 1904, de Jussieu, Antoine. Description d’un champignon qui peut étre nomme Champignon-Lichen. Mem. de l’Ac. Sci. Paris for 1728: .268. Massee, George. British fungus-flora 4: 458-468. 1895. Micheli, Petrus Antonius. Nova plantarum genera 204, pl. 86. 1729. Persoon, C. H. Synopsis methodica fungorum 614-618. 18or. ie ie Phillips, William. A manual of British Discomycetes 9-19. 1893. (Ed. II). [Vol. 61 of International Scientific Series.] Rehm, H. Ascomyceten in Rabenhorst’s Kryptogamen-Flora, Band J, Abt. 3: 1179-1189. 1896. Ridgway, Robert. Color Standards and Color Nomenclature. 1912. . Saccardo, P. A. Sylloge fungorum 8: 17-29, I1: 391-392, 14: 740-741, 16: 697, 18: 3-5, 22: 599-600. 1889-1913. Schaetfer, Jacob Christian. Fungorum qui in Bavaria et Palatinatu circa Ratisbonam nascuntur icones. 1762-70. Scopoli, Johann Anton. Flora Carniolica 2: 473-476. 1772. . Sowerby, James. Colored figures of English fungi or mushrooms. 3 vols. 1797-1809. Genes Sprague, C. J. Contributions to New England Mycology. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 5? 325. 1856.° Second paper (63) 315. ene | Underwood, L. M. On the distribution of the North American Helvellales. Minn. Bot. Stud. 1: 489-491. 18096. INDEX TO SPECIES (Synonyms and excluded species in italics) acaulis = Rhizina undulata elastica, 7 adhaerens, 8 ' elastica (Leptopodia), 7 alba, 1 elastica v. fusca, 7 albella, 7 ephippium, 6: albella (Leptopodia), 7 esculenta = Gyromitra esculenta albida, 1, 7 fuliginosa, 7 albus (Boletus), 10 gigas = Gyromitra gigas atra,’ oO : gracilis, 7 atra (Leptopodia), 9 grandis, 10 costata = Gyromitra costata hispida, 11 crispa, I infula = Gyromitra infula - crispus (Phallus), 1 lacunosa, 2 ieee MYCOLOGIA VoL. 13) PET SPECIES OF HELVELLA M YCOLOGIA VOL 13, le SPECIES OF HELVELLA \ ANDERSON & IcKkis: MASSACHUSETTS SPECIES OF HELVELLA 229 lacunosa v. pallida, 1 leucophaea, 1 leucophaeus (Boletus), 2 macropus, 11 macropus (Macropodia), 11 macropus (Aleuria), 11 macropus (Lachnea), 11 macropus (Peziza), 11 macropus (Sarcoscypha), 11 macropus v. brevis, 11 mitra, 1, 2, 7 mitra v. alba, 1 mitra v. fulva, 1 monacella, 2, 10 monacella (Morchella), 10 monacella (Phallus), 10 Monachella, 10 nigra, 5 nigricans, 9 nivea, I palustris; 3 plebophora, 4 Queletiana, 4 spadicea, 10 Sphaerospora = Gyromitra sphaero- spora stipitata (Peziza), 11 sublicia (Peziza), 11 sulcata, 2 venosa, 4 villosa (Octospora), 11 vulgaris (Boleto-lichen), 7 EXPLANATION OF PLATES Biged: 337. crispaX 1. Figssi2—5.) /. lacunosa. Xx 1. Figs. 6-7. H. QueletianaX 2. Figs. 8-15. H. elastica.X 2/3. Figs, r6—17..-H.. atra.X 1. Figs. 18-20. H. ephippium.X 2. PLATE II © PLATE 12 MEMORANDA AND INDEX OF CULTURES OF UREDINEAE, 1899-1917 * J. C. ARTHUR The cultures of the rusts, which were conducted under the auspices of the Purdue University Agricultural Experiment Station, and extended over a period of nineteen years, had a small beginning. For the first three years only such time was given to the work as the writer could spare from his duties as head of the Botanical Department of the Station and as Professor of Vegetable Physiology and Pathology in Purdue University. In most of the following years an assistant was especially employed during two or so months each spring, who had entire charge of the testing of spore viability, sowing of the spores, and care of the inoculated plants, the chief part of the culture work being done during May and June. ‘The position was held by fourteen individuals, selected with the needs of the work especially in view, and ranging from a junior high school student to univer- sity instructors, who without exception showed superior ability in conducting the work. Financial support was provided by a grant from the Botanical Society of America in 1903, 1906 and 1907, and by codperation with the Bureau of Plant Industry of the U. S. Department of Agriculture in 1904 and i905. In the other years it was supplied by the Purdue University Agricul- tural Experiment: Station, and from 1908 onward the work was made a part of the rust project under the Adams fund. During the progress of the work the writer, usually accom- panied by an associate, made many shorter or longer excursions for securing data and material. These field observations were directed toward detecting the juxtaposition of spore-forms that might be supposed to have genetic connection, as well as toward securing suitable culture material. The fruitfulness of this method is apparent from the fact that during the extended study 1 Contribution from the Botanical Department of the Purdue University Agricultural Experiment Station. 230 eR ARTHUR: CULTURES OF UREDINEAE, 1899-1917 231 of heteroecious species only three times was a discovery of al- ternate hosts effected that was not the outcome of a previous field observation. In two of these cases, that of Uromyces acu- minatus (more properly U. Steironematis, see page 76,* Jour. Myc. 12: 25), and Puccimia Ceanotht (see page 196,* Mycologia 4: 27) sowings were made on all available hosts in the greenhouse, re- corded as bearing aecia, and in the case of P. fravinata (P. peri- dermiospora, see page 8,* Bot. Gazette 29: 275), a morphological similarity was detected between aesciospores and urediniospores, leading to successful cultures. Beginning with the immediate vicinity of Lafayette, Indiana, the range of observations was extended to various parts of the state, and in the ninth year of the work, 1907, to other states. This year a trip was made to the foothills of Colorado, which was repeated in 1908, I911 and 1916, observations being made from Boulder to Trinidad, and once westward to Ouray and Durango. Between 1908 and 1916 trips were made northward to Wisconsin and Michigan, eastward to Maine and Pennsy]- vania, to South Carolina, Alabama and Mississippi in the south, and to Texas, New Mexico and Arizona in the southwest. So far as possible places were selected where there were local col- lectors, or where records showed that species requiring investi- Sation had at some time been secured.. The chief collecting grounds of Ellis in New Jersey, Ravenel in North and South Carolina, Atkinson and Underwood in Alabama, and Kellerman in Kansas were visited, and the collecting grounds of Schweinitz at Salem, North Carolina, and Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, would have been visited, if opportunity had favored. In this way many obscure names in the literature were connected with living ma- terial on which fresh and more extended studies, often including cultures, could be carried out. By this method the attention given to the genus Gymnosporangium was made to expand our limited knowledge of a few species into an understanding of the life history of some two dozen species and of their alternate hosts. The effectiveness of the work with Gymnosporangium was greatly enhanced by the special interest in it taken by my asso- * For explanaticn of these page numbers see p. 246 at beginning of the index. 232 MycoLocIa ciate, Dr. F. D, Kern, who for ten years took part in the cul- ture work. The grass and sedge rusts were, however, the ones that received the most extended and prolonged attention. To carry on the work more than 2140 collections with resting spores were available, together with over 250 collections with spores not requiring a resting period. Tests of all of these, and - of some many times repeated, showed that not all were viable, at least at the time tested, and therefore not serviceable. This material was provided in part by those directly connected with the work, and to a considerable extent by more than 85 botanical correspondents, many of whom contributed most generously in material and field observations year ‘after year. Altogether about 3750 sowings, that is, attempts at cultures were made, of which about one in seven resulted in successful infection of the host. These tests were almost wholly made in a greenhouse, al- though a few were conducted in the open field when small plants suitable for placing in pots were not available. | It is difficult to say just how many species have been grown through some part of their life cycle during the nineteen-year period, owing to the constant shifting of accepted names as knowledge regarding them accumulated. Probably the list in- cludes about one hundred species, as they are now rated, or nearly twice as many as they would at first have been listed, and of this number about eight were heteroecious to one autoecious, Of the heteroecious species some twenty were verifications of com- binations previously established, mostly by European investiga- tors, while about sixty-five provided alternate hosts for species whose life cycle was before unknown, most of these being grass and sedge forms not known outside of North America. - When viewing the present location of the New York Botanical Garden many years ago, it then being a rolling meadow without buildings of any kind, my companion, Professor L. M. Under- wood, remarked that some day I might be called, upon to supply the rust portion for the projected North American Flora, and added that if I did so he had no doubt that I would greatly reduce the number of species. The culture studies have enabled me to do this, but not quite in the way Professor Underwood ARTHUR: CULTURES OF UREDINEAE, I1899—-IQI7 235 and others at that time had in mind. In many cases the first re- sults have been to increase the number of species. Thus Puc- cinia alternans and P. obliterata were described as new species as result of cultures, but as the studies proceeded were reduced to synonyms of the long recognized P. Agropyri, together with Aecidium Aquilegiae, A. Clematidis, Puccinia tomipara, P. Pan- iculariae, and some others. But on the whole, as the cultures have largely dealt with heteroecious species, there has been a re- duction in names as the alternate forms were brought together, and sometimes by the recognition as races of forms that were once thought distinct species. The nomenclature of the reports has been made as conserva- tive as possible, in order to give them reasonable uniformity. The new generic names proposed by the writer in 1906 at the . Vienna Congress scarcely find an echo in them, while on the other hand the terminology for spore-forms, brought out in 1905, was put into use in the second report following, and proved highly serviceable. In the various reports of the cultures, and as a result of them, the following thirteen specific names were transferred to other genera: Aecidium magnatum Arth. and A. Silphii Sydow to Ur- omyces, Aecidium Ceanotht Peck, A. Impatientis Schw., A. Ja- mesianumt Peck, A. macrosporum Peck, A. monoicum Peck, A. Pammelu Trel., A. Phrymae Halst., A. pustulata Curt., A. Sam- buct Schw. to Puccinia, and Biceisa tumidipes Peck and P. V ernomiae Berk. & Curt. to Bullaria. Also as the result of the cultures the following sixteen species were described as new: Gymnosporangium corniculans Kern, G. exterum Arth. & Kern, G. trachysorum Kern, and on the author- ity of the writer Puccinia albiperidia, P. alternans, P.. Caricis-— Asteris, P. Caricis-Erigerontis, P. Caricis-Solidaginis, P. Eato- niae, P. Koeleriae, P. obliterata, P. patruelis, P. universalis, Uro- myces effusus, U. Solidagini-Caricis, and U. Stetronematis, but as the result of further studies most of these were subsequently buried in synonymy. 234 MycoLoGIA CORRECTIONS In making corrections the consecutive page numbers used are those explained below at the beginning of the index, while the original pages are given in parentheses. A few of the correc- tions are typographical errors, or slips of the pen, but many are necessitated by information variously acquired after the reports were written and printed. Evident and inconsequential errors are not included. To save space the following abbreviations are used in the parentheses: B.G. for Botanical Gazette, J.M. for Journal of Mycology, and My. for Mycologia, and are followed by the original volume and page number. Pages 5, 9 (B.G. 29: 272, 276), under 7 and 3 respectively, for “ Ameri- cana Lagh.” and “ Americana,” read Andropogonis Schw. and Andropogonis, respectively, and for “‘ Andropogi Schw.” and ‘“ Andropogi,”’ read Ellisiana Thum. and Ellisiana, respectively. Pages 7, 9, 22, 28. (B.G.,29: 274,°276; 35: 16,22), for — ikem ete aoe. & K. Pages 8, 31, 51, 60, 67, 75, 76,77, 78; 83, 103, 106; 114, 127, 2400S O.00, 164, 174 (B.G: 29: 275; J.M. 10% 93032 57; 66; 12 06, 2402 eae emetor 102; 14: 14,.17,,.25;-My., 1: 236, 2555 2): 221, 225, 220,230) nem mlcmameencs of Spartina, given as “ cynosuroides ”’ or ‘‘ cynosuroides Willd.,” read Michaux- iana or Michauxiana Hitche. The two species of grass were for a time con- fused and one name used for both. Pages 11, :'65,.77,.86, 94 (J.M. 8:.52; 12: 14,-26;° 197-196 -2@4)) tot species of Carex, for “tetanica” and “ tetanica Schk.,” read blanda. and blanda Dewey, respectively. Pages’ 17,45.) 40, (50.60 (B.G. 35: 21; J.M: ir: 51; Ssh gop Go) enon te species of Lepidium, given. as “apetalum’” and “apetalum Willd.,” read den- siflorum and densiflorum Schrad., respectively. Page 26 (B.G. 35: 20), the Aecidium mentioned under 5. P. AMPHIGENA was subsequently found not to be A. Smilacis Schw. Pages 41, 42 (J.M. 10: 19, 20). The supposed infection in 1903 of Bromus ciliatus by the application of aeciospores from Dirca palustris was the most serious error that occurred in the nineteen years of culture work. The grass used for the culture was undoubtedly infected before the sowing was made, as explained on pages 56 and 57 of the report following. The combination of aecia and telia under the name “ Puccinia hydnoidea,” was unwarranted. The Aecidium hydnoideum was under close observation during the whole culture period, and there were a score of attempts to find the alternate host, but even to the present writing no progress has been made. ih Pages 49, 50 (J) M. 11: 55, 56), under no. 4, for the species of Sophia from Nebraska, given as “incisa (Engelm.) Greene,” read intermedia Rydb. Pages 49, 60, 68, 77 (J.M. 11: 55, 66; 12: 17, 26), for the species of Sophia from Indiana used in the cultures, given as “incisa” and “incisa (Engelm.) y Greene,” read brachycarpa and brachycarpa Rydb. ARTHUR: CULTURES OF UREDINEAE, I899Q—1917 235 ieAgecwai 00,007,777, 103, 1F4, 127, 146,/160, 174, (J.M. 117 57,.66; 12: 16, 201A A, 25; My. 1: 236, 255; 2: 225, 239), after Puccinia fraxinata, for “ Schw.,” read Link. Rages62, first line of reprint, for “1,” read 12. Page 64 (J.M. 12: 13), under no. 6, for “ Schw.,” read Desmaz. Pages 66, 77 (J.M. 12: 15, 26), under no. 7, for specific name “ aquatialis ” and “aquatilis Wahl.,” read nebraskensis and nebraskensis Dewey. On page 66 the comparison of the large, thick-walled urediniospores (common on this host, the form being known as Puccinia Garrettii Arth.) to the amphispores of P. Caricis-stictae was an error. It may be pointed out here that the same mistake regarding name of the host also occurs in Sydow, Uredineen 2115, Barth. Fungi Columb. 2357 and 3838. Carex nebraskensis is a very common sedge about Denver and Boulder, Colo., while C. aquatilis is rare or possibly absent. Pages, 85, 92, 94 (J.M. 13:.195, 202, 204); under Lactuca, for “ virosa,’”’ read scariola. Pages 93, 95, 107, 114, 130, 146, TOs Zor (eV ra 208) 2O5 pATAtT 16,6255 My. 1: 239, 255; 4: 26, 32), under Gymnosporangium, for “ Nelsoni Arth.,” read juvenescens Kern, and also delete the last sentence under no. 19 on page 107 (J.M. 14: 18). Gymnosporangium Nelsoni and G. juvenescens were for a time confused. Both produce aecia on Amelanchier and Sorbus, but the former gives rise to woody galls, often very small, while the latter is foliicol- ous. 66 Page 96, first line of the reprint for “ 1907,” read 1908. “ montanen- Pases 100, 180 (J.M. 14: 11; My. 4: 11), under Puccinia, for sis Ellis,’ read Agropyri Ellis & Ev., as pointed out on page 263 (My. 8: 139). Pages 109, 115: (J.-M. 14: 20, 26), under no. 2, for “ Cryptandri Ellis & Barth.,” read substerilis Ellis & Ev., and for “ Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) MesGray. read Stipa viridula Trin. Pages. ni2, 115 (J:.M: 14: 23, -26),-under. no..6, for “mutabilis Ellis & Gall.,” read Blasdalei Diet. & Holw., for ‘ reticulatum Fraser,” read Brande- gei S. Wats., and for “ recurvatum Rydb.,” read cernuum Roth. Page 123 (My. 1: 232), under no. 11, for “ Aster arenarioides D., C. Haron, read Erigeron arenarioides A. Gray. Pages 129, 130, 146 (My. 1: 238, 239, 255), the small form of Gymnospor- angium on Juniperus virginiana, which gave rise to pycnia and aecia on Cra- taegus punctata, should have been referred to G. floriforme Thaxter. Page 133 (My. 1: 242), delete the entire paragraph beginning “ The aecia of this species,” etc., except the first sentence. Base 147 (My. 1: 256), under=-no. 8, for Page 173 (My. 2: 238), under no. 1, change the reading thus: Teliospores 6 ’ ‘glomerata,”’ read mexicana (L.). on Carex lanuginosa Michx., sown on Onagra biennis (L.) Scop., and on C. trichocarpa Muhl. sown on Gaura biennis L. Pages 178, 180 (My. 4: 9, 11), 19th and 6th line from bottom respectively, , for “ Douglasii,’ read spartioides. anc OOM TSO mT O7,. 200, 7.23 Tn My. Ate 11,20, 28) 3 7: 72) as a species of Senecio, for “lugens” or “lugens A. Gray,’ read spartioides or spartioides T. & G., respectively. 236 MycoLocia Pages 197, 202 (My. 4: 28, 33), under no. 2, the material in hand from Isle au Haut, Me., was Puc. quadriporula (P. Grossulariae), but the results of infection were obtained from.stray spores of Uromyces perigynius, as ex- plained at page 235 (My. 7: 76) in the report of cultures for 1912. Pages 256, 265 (My. 8: 132; 141), under no. 4, for “Agropyr: Bice Ev. (P. ulternans Arth),” read Cockerelliana Bethel. This distinctive species was not recognized, and had not been named until long after the cultures were made. Pages 257, 265, (My. 8: 133, 141), under no. 5, for “ Anchusa officinalis,” read Lycopsis arvensis. 6 Pages 261, 263, 265 (My. 8: 137, 139, 141)} under no. 3, for avontanen- sis Ellis” and “ montanensis,”’ read apocrypta Ellis & Tracy and apocrypta, respectively. On page 262 three species are confused. Puccinia apocrypta is not a synonym of P. Agropyri. The characters given for P. apocrypta are those of the true P. montanensis, for which the type is the collection cited. Pages. 274, 275 (My.:.9: 302, 303);-under‘no. 2, for “ B.C." read srw. SUMMARY OF CULTURES In order to give a clearer perspective of the work)andmto make the data more readily available, the following tabulation is given of the heteroecious species that were successfully grown on alternate hosts. Autoecious species, and heteroecious species grown from urediniospores or amphispores only, have not been included. The years.are those in which successful cultures were carried out. Only such synonymy is given as will account for the names used at different times in the reports. The page num- bers are those explained below at the beginning of the index. Pages in broad faced type indicate the host from which spores were taken for culture, while pages in common type indicate the host on which the culture was successfully established. ARTHUR: CULTURES OF UREDINEAE, 1899-1917 237 Year Rust Telial host Aecial host 1904. |Puc. Sorghi Schw. Zea Mays 59, 68 Oxalis corniculata (O. 1905 cymosa) 59, 68 1909 |Puc. Ceanothi (KF. & K.) Andropogon Hallit 168 |Ceanothus americana Arth. | 168 1912 |Puc. Ellisiana Thiim. ‘Andropogon sp. 230 Viola cucullata 230 V. Nuttullti 230 1899 |Puc. Andropogunts | 4+dropogon scoparius |Pentstemon hirsutus (P. 1903 Schw. (P. americana 5, 6, 33, 87, 186 pubescens) 5, 6, 33, 87, 1906 Lagerh.) \A. virginicus 186 186 1910 | P. alpinus 186 1903 |Puc. pustuluta (Curt.) ‘Andropogon furcatus 39,|Comandra umbellata 39, 1905 Arth. 67, 186 67, 186 1910 A. scoparius 39 1904 |Puc. Pammelit (Trel.) \Panicum virgatum Euphorbia corollata 50, 1905 Arth. (P. Panici _ 50, 67, 105 67 1907 Yiet.) | FE. marginata 105 1901 |Puc. poculiformis Agropyron pseudorepens|Berberis vulgaris 12, 51, IQ04 (Jacq.) Wettst. (P. 162 68, 88, 105, 162, 187, IQO5 egraminis Pers.) A. repens 51 270 1906 |A. Smithti 2'70 1907 A. tenerum 51, 105, 187| 1909 Agrostis alba 68, 88, 187) IQ10 Avena sativa 105 IQI6 (Cinna arundinacea 12 ‘Elymus canadensis 51, | 88, 270 'Hordeum vulgare 88 ‘Sitanion longifolium | 162, 187 Sporobolus cryptandrus | |s4:2'70 (Triticum aestivum (T. | vulgare) 88, 162 1917 |Puc. Majanthae 'Phalaris arundinacee Iris versicoior 278 (Schum.) Arth. | 278 1904 |Puc. Stipae Arth. ‘Koeleria cristata 189 Aster ericoides 58, 188 IQIO Stipa comuta 231 A. multiflorus 58, 188 . IQI2 ‘S. sparteu 58, 188 A. Novae-Angliae 58, 188 Grindelia squarrosa 188 Gutierrezia Savothrae Dene Senecio spartioides 189, 225 \Solidago canadensis 188 238 MvycoLocia Rust Puc. Sporoboli Arth. Puc. verbenicola (KE. & K.) Arth. (P. Vilfae Arth. & Holw.) ‘Puc. subnitens Viet. Puc. Muhlenberziae Arth. & Holw. (P. tostu Arth.) Puc. amphigene Diet. Puc. nionoica (Peck) Arth. Puc. Rhamni (Pers.) Wettst. (P. coronata Corda) Telial host’ Sporobolus heterolepis 280 by 4? Sporobolus longifolius 22, 50, 67 'Distichlis Spicata 25, 49, | 68, 87, 104, 126, 160, 188, 208, 259, 273, 278 Muhlenbergia gracillima 271 M. mexicana 142 M. racemosa (M. glom- evata) 161, 187 Schedonnardus panicu- latus 272 Sporobolus asperifolius 240, 241 Calamovilfa longifolia 26, 33, 67, 104, 160, 187 Koeleria cristata 234 Trisetum majus 2%3 T. subspicatum 213, 234 Agrostis sp. 271 Avena sativa 52 Calamugrostis canaden- sis 187 Aecial host Allium cernuum 280 A. Nuttallit 280 |Lilium umbellatum 280 Verbena stricta 7, 22 ¥Y. urticzfolia, 225.50; 64 Abronta fragrans 273 Atritlex hastata 126, 160, 208 Bursa Bursa- pastoris 68, 104 Chenopodium album 25, 87, 104, 126, 140, 188, 208, 250, 278 Cleome spitiosa 49, 208 Erysimum asperum 9, 68 Lepidium densiflorum (L. apetalum) 49 L. virginicum 49, 68 Polygonum aviculare 273 Sercobatus vermiculatus 87, 126 Sophia brachveurpa 49, 68 Callirhoe involucrata TA2 TOL, TO7 Malvastrum coccineum Dyfi DG 2: Sphaeralcea digitata 241 S. incana 249 S. lobata 241 Smilax herbacea 26 S.. PASPidas 20,2337 .07, 104, 160, 187 Aruabts sp. 213, 234 Rhamnus alnifolia 187 R. caroliniana 52 R. cathartica 52 R. lanceolata 52 R. Purshiana 271 ARTHUR: CULTURES OF UREDINEAE, I899Q—I9Q17 239 Rust Puc. fraxinata (Link) Arth. (P. peridermi- ospora Arth.) Puc. Distichlidis E. & E. (P. Kelseyi Syd.) Puc. Seymouriana Arth. Puc. Jamesiana (Peck) Arth. (P. Bartholo- muet Diet.) Puc. Phragmitis (Schum.) K6Grn. Puc. simillima Arth. Puc. Windsoriae Schw. Puc. Eatoniae Arth. Puc. Koeleriae Arth. Puc. Liatridis (Of. & A.) Bethel Puc. Crandallii Pam. & Hume Puc. Cockerelliana Bethel Puc. Asperifolit (Pers.) Wettst. Puc. apocryfta Ellis & Tracy Telial host Spartina Michauxiuna (not S. cynosuroides) 8, 51, 67, 103, 160 S. polystachya 127 S, Sivicla 127 Spartina Michauxiana 261, 271 Spartina cynosuroides 259 S. Michauxiana (not S. cynosuroides) 75, 12%, 188, 258 Bouteloua curtipendula (Atheropogon curti- pendulus) 24, 188 Phragmites communis (P. Phragmites) 2, ™04, 160, 208 Phragmites communis (P. Phragmites) 26, 104 Aecial host Fraxinus lanceolata (F. vividts) 8, 51, 67, E03, 1277-8 kO.O Steironema ciliatum 261, reese | Ft en Apocynum cannabinum 258 Asclepias syriaca 259 Cephalanthus occident- UltS- 7 54, L275. LOS Asclepiuis incarnata 24 An SVU1aCd 24,188 Rumex crispus 2, 160, 208 R. obtusifolius 2 104, Anemone canadensis 104 Tridens flavus (Triodia cuprea, Tyvicuspis ses- lerioides) 6, 22, 50, 260 Fatonia pennsylvanica 49 Koeleria cristata 138 Koeleria cristata 2°73 Festuca confinis 196 Festuca Thurberi 256 Secale cereale 128%, 257 Agropyron tenerum 262 Elymus virginicus 262 Ptelea trifoliata 6, 22, 50, 260 Ranunculus abortivus 40 Mahonia 138 Aquifolium Lacintaria punctata 273 Symphoricarpos race- MOSUS 195 Thalictrum dioicum 256 Lycopsts arvensis 128, 257 Hydro phyllum capi- talum 262 MycoLocia Rust Puc..Clematidis (C.) obliterata Arth.) Puc. Impaiientis (Schw.) Arth. Puc. obtecta Peck Puc. angustata Peck Puc. Eriophort Thiim. \Puc. cancliculata (Schw.) Lagerh. Puc. Eleocharidis Arth. Puc. macrosporae (Peck) Arth. Puc. Grossulariae (Pers.) Lagerh. (P. albiperidia Arth.), Lagerh. (P. Agropyri| FE. &. E., P. tomiparu Trel., P. cinerea Arth. P. alternans Arth., P. Telial host A gropyron biflorum 140 A. pseudorepens 105 A. Smithit 232 A. sp, 161 Bromus purgans 87, 127 B,. ciliatus 56 \B. Portert 139 Elymus canadensis 232 Fi. virginicus 242 Puccinellia atroides 137, 208 Hlymus canadensis 162 E. striatus 161, 162 F.. virginicus 25, 162 33, 51, Scirpus amevicunus 109 ra Scirpus atrovirens 6, 12, 52, 86, 103, 186, 230 S. cyperinus 125, 208 E-vio phorum viridicuri- natum 255 Cyperus esculentus 74 Eleocharis palustris 74, 87, 124 Carex comosa 134 Carex urctata 226, 254 C. blanda 65, 86 C. crinita 53, 86, 102, 226 C. flexuosa (C. tentis) 182, 226, 254 C. gracillima 33, 53 C. pallescens 182 , C. pubescens 12, 225 C. squarrosa 86 C.Sp.23'7, —=— Aecial host Anemone cylindrica 232 Aquilegia canadensis I40, IOI Clematis Drummondii 242 C. ligusticifolia 232 C. virginiana 56, 87, 105, iD] Oxygraphis Cymbalaria (Ranunculus Cymba- lavia) 137, 208 Thalictrum alpinum 161 T. dioicum 139 Viorna, Scottii 105 Impatiens aurea 25, 33, 51, 161, 162 Bidens connata 10g B. frondosa 109 Lycopus americanus 6, T2; 52), 80,) L937. 1a0, 208, 230 uniflorus (L. MuNnis) 125 ie com- Senecio aureus 255 Xanthium ‘‘canadense”’ 74 Eupatorium perfoliutum 74, 87, I24 Smilax his pida 134 Ribes aureum 53 R. Cynosbuti 12, 33, 53, 86, 102, 182, 225, 226, 237, 254 R. gracile 65, 86 R. rotundifolium 53, 86 R. uva-crispa 33, 53 bisa Sai ey | : ARTHUR: CULTURES OF UREDINEAE, 1899-IQI7 241 1902 1904 1905 1906 1908 1909 IQIO IQII 1906 1908 IQL0 Rust Puc. Caricis (Schum.) Schroet. Puc. minutissima Arth. Puc. universalis Arth. —— 2h Puc. Phrymae (Ualst.) Arth. Kern (P. extensicola Plow., P. Caricis-As- teris Arth., P. Caricis- Erigerontis Arth., P: Caricis-Solidaginis Arth., P.. Dulichii syd.) Pue. Peckiit (Del.) Kellerm. Puc. patruelis Arth. (P. Opizii Arth. not Bubak) Puc. Asterum (Schw.) Telial host Carex aristata 158, 186 C. nebraskensis 66 C. riparia 22, 103 C. slipata 66, 103 C. stricta 11, 22, 186 Aecial host Urtica gracilis 11, 22, 66, 103, 158, 186 Decodon verticillatus 245 Carex flifolia 270 C. steno phyllu 110, 159, 185 Carex longirostris Li1 Carex festiva 159, 185 C. festucacea 13, 22, 52 1\C; foenea.13; TA, 21 Jamesti 27 retrorsa 228 rosea 102 scoparia 184, 228, 229 spurganioides 66, 124 stipata 27 sp. 102 vulpinoidea 238, 240 Dulichium arundi- naceum 240, 254 (Ge Cc uC. C ce. Cc. C. G: eae: lunuginosa 52, 66, 85, 158, 184, 208 IC. stipata 20, 124 C. trichocarpe 20, 21, 52, 85, 158, 184 Carex pratensis 136 C. siccata 185 C. sp. 85 Artemisia drucuncu- loides 119, 159, 185 A. gnaphalodes 270 Phryma leptostuchya 111 Aster adscendens 159, i85 ey A. cordifolins 1A, 102 A. paniculatus 13, 14, 28. LO2,:228 LVUSEV ON GNHUUSLES; 22, 52 E. philadelphicus 22 Euthamia graminifolia 184, 229 Leptilon canadense 22 Solidago caesia 27 S. cunudensis 27, 66, I24, 238, 240, 254 . glaberrima 238 . mollis 238 .rigida 27 . VUgOSA 238 . Servotinad 27 . ulmifolia 27 Nnnnnn Gaura biennis 158 Meriolix serrulatu 184 Onagra biennis (Oenothera biennts) 20:27, 525.00, 55, 224, 158, 184, 208 A goseris glauca 136 Lactuca cunadensis 85, 185 L. sativa 85, 185 LL. virosa 85 242 MycoLocia Rust Puc. Sambuci (Schw.) Arth. (P. Atkinsoni- ana Diet., P. Bolley- ana Sacc.) Puc. Polygoni-amphibit Pers. Puc. argentata (Schultz) Wint. Urom. Andropogonis Tracy Urom. seditiosus Kern (U. Aristidae Auth. not: 2.62.2.) Urom. Sporoboli FE. & E. Urom. Hordeit Tracy Urom. Peckianus Farl. Urom. Polemonii (Peck) Barth. (U. acumina- tus Arth., U. Spar- tinae Farl., U. Steir- onematis Arth., U. magnatus Arth.) Urom. Scirpi (Cast.) Burr. Urom. perigynius Halst. (U. Solidagini- Caricis Arth.) Telial host Aecial host Carex Frankii 85 C. lupiulina 65 Crlurida. 25, 124 C. trichocarpa 14, 21, 52 Sambucus canadensis 14, 21, 52, 65, 85, 124 Polwgonum emersum 53,\Geranium maculatum 69, 53 53, 69 Impatiens aurea 189 Adoxa Moschatellinua 189 Andropogon virginicus |Violu cucullata 163 163 Aristida busirumea 279 |Plantago wvristata 279 A. oligantha 23 P. lanceolata 279 — P. Rugelit 23 Be stellatum 274 Sporobolus virginae- florus 274 Hordeum pusillum 263 |Nothoscordium striatum | 263 Atriplex hastata 209 Distichlis spicata 209 Collomia linearis 236 Polemonium reptans 198 Polygonatum bifliorum 282 P. commutatum 282 Stetronema ciliatum 76, 106, 164 S. lanceolatum 164 Vagnera stellata 282 Spartina Michauxiana 76, 106, 164, 198, 236, 282 Scirpus fluviatilis 89, 106, 128, 242 Cicuta maculata 89, 106, 128 Sium cicutaefolium 242 Aster ericoides 190. A. paniculatus 190, 234 A. Tweedyi 242 Rudbeckia laciniata 279 Solidago cuesia 37 S. canadensis 37, 234 S. flexicaulis 37 S. serotind 37 S. rugosa 190 Carex deflexa 190 C. intumescens 190, 234 C. sparganioides 279 C. tribulotdes 242 C. varia 37 ARTHUR: CULTURES OF UREDINEAE, I899-I9I7 243 Year _ IQIO IQI2 1907 IQII 1909 1908 IQIO 1906 1907 1908 IQ1O Rust Urom. Junci (Desm.) Pal: Urom. Silphit (Syd.) Arth. Urom. houstoniatus (Schw.) Sheldon Gym. Libocedri (P. Henn.) Kern Gym. inconspicuum Kern Gym. exiguum Kern Gym. Davisii Kern Gym. guvenescens Kern Gym Gym. trachysorum Kern Gym. Botryapites (Schw.) Kern f Gym. nidus-avis Thax. . Kernianum Bethel Telial host Aecial host Ambrosia artemtside- folia 191 A. psilostachya 191 A. trifida 191 Caiduus Flodmanit 191, 236 Juncus ballicus 191, 236 \Silphium perfoliatum 92, 106 Juncus tenuis 92, 106 Sisyrinchium gram- ‘Houstonia caerulea 129 tneum 120 Amelanchier vulgaris 211 Crataegus cerronis 211 'C. Pringlet 143 'C. tomentosa 211 Libocedrus decurrens 143, 211 |'Amelanchiter erecta 113 Juniperus utahensis A. vulgaris 211 I13, 211 Juniperus virginiana Crataegus Pringlet 169 169 Juniperus sibirica 132, Aronia arbulifolia 194 194 |A. nigra 132, 194 Amelanchier canadensis 93, 107 A. erecta 107, 130, 195 A. intermedia iA. Botryapium) 107 Sorbus americana 93, O77. 0 Juniperus scopulorum 93, 107, 130 J. virginiana 195 Juniperus utahensis 216 Amelanchier vulgaris 216 Crataegus ceyronis 172 C. coccinea 172 C. punctata 172 Juniperus virginiana 172 Amelanchier canadensis 242, 243 A. intermedia 131 Amelanchier erecta 210 A. vulgaris 194, 242 Crataegits Pringlet 165 Cydonia vulgaris 194 Malus coronaria 129, 210 M. Malus 108, 129 M. icensis 165 Chamuecy parts thyoides Tia, 242) 243 Juniperus virginiana 108, 129, 165, 194, 210, 242 244 MYcoLocia Year Rust Telial host Aecial host —. np a ee —. - —-_ 1907 |Gvm. clavipes C. & P. Juniperus stbirica Amelanchier erecta 1908 | 107, 164, 193 107, 164, 193 1909 J. virginiana 130 A. intermedia 107 IQ1O | Cratuegus punctata 164 C. tomentosa 193 GC. sp. 120 1908 |Gym. cornutum (Pers.) | Juniperus sibirica | Sorbus americana 131, 1909 Arth. 131, 165, 194 165, 194 {L910 S. aucupuria 165 1908 Gym. exterum Arth. & |Juniperus virginiana Porvteranthus stipulatus 1909 Kern 144, 166 144, 166 IQII |Gym. juniperinum (L.) |Juniperus sibirica 211 |Sorbus americana 211 Mart. (G. tremei- loides Hartig) Ma Fs | tess TS ee aes 1911 |Gym. gracilens (Peck) |Juniperus monosperma |\Philudelphus coronarius 1912 Kern & Bethel ae 27 BET) 28de as : J. utahensis 237 P. Keteleerii 237 TOIL |Gym. efiusum Kern Juniperus virginiana Aronia arbutifolia 217 217 1907 |Gym. clavariueforme Juniperus sibirica 108, |Amelanchier erecta 130, 1908 Gacq.).- DC. | 130, 194, 210, 238 194, 210 IQIO | A. intermedia 108 IQII Crataegus cerronis 238 1913 C. punctata 194 1914 |Gym. Ellisii (Berk.) Chamaecy paris thyoides |Myrica cerifera 246 Farl. | 246 1907 |Gym. Betheli Kern Juniperus scopulorum |\Crataegus cerronis 1908 |. £2, BES: Tone ros. 165, 195 1909 195, 237 C. coccinea 112 IQIO C. cordata 113 IQ1I2 GC. Pringlei 224) 1906 |Gym. globosum Far}. 1907 1908 1909 Gym. Nelsoni Arth. Juniperus virginiana | 90, 107, 130, 164 Juniperus scopulorum 237 J. utahensis 215 C. punctata 112 C. sp. 131 Sorbus americana 112, Lizuies. | Crataegus coccinea 164 C. Pringlei 90, £30 Malus coronaria 90 M. Malus (Pyris Malus) 107 Sorbus americana 9o Amelanchier cunadensis 237 A. vulgaris 215 aa a te oh Year Se ee ARTHUR: CULTURES OF UREDINEAE, 1899-1917 245 Rust Gym. corniculans Kern Gym. floriforme Thax. Gym. Juniperi- virginianae Schw. Trang. punctata (Pers.) Arth. (Puc. Pruni- spinosae Pers.) Mel. Medusae Thiim. Mei. albertensis Arth. S:) Arth. S.) Arth. S.)-Kiom: Schroet. Coleos. Vernoniae B. & LOR Mel. Bigelowit Thiim. Mel’sis abietina (A. & Mel'cila elatina (A. & Calyp. columnaris (A. & Cron. Quercus (Brond.) Telial host Juniperus horizontalis 170 Juniperus virginiana 129, 166 Juniperus virginiana 64, 90, 106, 129, 193 Prunus pumila 89 P. serotina 71, 89 Populus celtoides 35, 46, 64 P. tremuloides 47, 133 Populus tremuloides 198, 212 Salix amygdaloides 54 Salix sp. 84 Ledum groenlandicum 195 Cerastium oreophilum 212 Vaccinium pennsyl- vunicum 166 Quercus Phellos 238 QO. rubra 195, 238 QO. velutina 84 Vernonia crinita 198 V. fasciculata 239, 243 V. gigantea 211 Aecial host Amelanchier canudensis 170 A. erecta 170 Crataegus coccinea 166 C. punctata 129 Malus coronuria 90, 129 M. Malus (Pyrus Malus) 64, 106, 129, 193 Hepatica ucutiloba 71, 89 Larix decidua. 35, 46, 47, 64 L. laricina 46, 64, 133 Pseudotsuga mucronata LOS; 202 Larix decidua 54, 84 \Piceu mariana 195 Abies lusiocarpu 212 Abtes Fraseri 166 ‘Pinus virginiana 84, 195 P. taeda 238 Pinus palustris 239 P. tueda 198, 211, 239, 243 246 MycoLoGIA INDEX A consecutive paging of the reports has been adopted in order to simplify the index. It corresponds to the original paging as follows: Pages 1-9 (Botanical Gazette 29: 268-276). “10-15 (Journal of Mycology 8: 51-56). “16-29 (Botanical Gazette 35: 10-23). 30-43 (Journal of Mycology 10: 8-21). “44-61 (Journal of Mycology 11: 50-67). “62-78 (Journal of Mycology 12: 11-27). “79-95 (Journal of Mycology 13: 189-205). “ 96-115 (Journal of Mycology 14: 7-26). “116-147 (Mycologia I: 225-256). “148-175 (Mycologia 2: 213-240). “176-202 (Mycologia 4: 7-33). 203-219 (Mycologia 4: 49-65). 220-248 (Mycologia 7: 61-89). “249-265 (Mycologia 8: 125-141). “266-284 (Mycologia 9: 294-312). “285-296 (Mycologia 13: 12-23). “279-329 (Mycologia 13: 230-262). Names in italics are synonyms. Numbers in broad-faced type indicate successful cultures. Numbers in square brackets refer to pages (1) where the com- mon name is used for the species instead of the Latin name, or (2) where the name occurs but is not the species intended and not a synonym (e.g., Anchusa officinalis for Lycopsis arvensis), or (3) where the name does not occur but some other name not a synonym (the error being due to wrong identification, e.g., Gymnosporangium Nelsoni used for G. juvenescens, or to com- mon but erroneous usage, e.g., Spartina cynosuroides for S. Michauxiana). ! ARTHUR: CULTURES OF UREDINEAE, 1899-1917 247 Funcus INDEX Aecidium abundans (Puc. Crandal- lii) 197 albiperidium (Puc. Grossulariae) aie ts alliicolum (Urom. Sporoboli) 273, 275 Asterum (Puc. extensicola) 13, 15 Berberidis (Puc. poculiformis) 15 Blasdaleanum (Gym. Libocedri) 143 Calystegiae (Puc. Convolvuli) 9 Ceanothit (Puc. Ceanothi) 168 Cephalantht (Puc. Seymouriana) 75 | Clematidis or Clematitis (Puc. Agropyri) 57 compositarum Silphii (Urom. Sil- phii) 92 cornutum (Gym. cornutum) 132 Dracunculi (Puc. universalis) 110 elatinum (Melampsorella_ elatina) 212 erigeronatum (Puc. extensicola) 13 re Euphorbiae (Urom. Euphorbiae) 9, 15 Progim: (Puc. fraxinata) 8, 9 fumariaceum (Puc. subnitens) 278 hepaticatum (Puc. Pruni-spinosae) 1 SR houstoniatum (Urom. houstoniat- us) 128 Hydrophylli (Puc. apocrypta) 262, 265 hynoideum 41 Impatientis (Puc. Impatientis) 24 Iridis (Puc. Majanthae) 253 Jamesianum (Puc. Jamesiana) 24 leucospermum (Urom. Lespedezae- procumbentis) 36 Liairidis (Puc. Liatridis) 273 Eycop: (Puc: angustata)—6, 9, 15 macrosporum (Puc. macrospora) 2135 fas) magnatum (Urom. magnatus) 282 ~malvicola (Puc. Muhlenbergiae) 272 monoicum (Puc. monoica) 213 Napaeae (Puc. Muhlenbergiae) 142 Nesaeae (Puc. minutissima) 245 obesum (Puc. Seymouriana) 258, 265 occidentale (Puc. Agropyri) 57 Oxalidis (Puc. Sorghi) 59 Pammelii (Puc. Pammelii) 50 Peckit (Puc. Peckii) 19 Pentstemonis (Puc. Andropogonis) 5, 9 Phrymae (Puc. Phrymae) 111 Polemonit (Urom. acuminatus) 198 Pteleae (Puc. Windsoriae) 6, 9, 22 punctatum (Puc. Pruni-spinosae) 70 pustulatum (Puc. pustulata) 39 Ranunculi (Puc. Eatoniae) 40 rubellum (Puc. Phragmitis) 3, 9 wanvbucr., (Pics. sambuci) 114, - 15; 20 sanguinolentum (Puc. Polygoni- amphibii) 32, 53, 69 sclerothecioides (Puc. Stipae) 189 Silphii (Urom. Silphii) 92 Solidaginis (Puc. extensicola) 27 Uriucae (Pie, Caricis)* 35.0, 215 verbenicola (Puc. verbenicola) 7, On222. Bullaria tumidipes 260 Vernoniae 274 Caeoma erigeronatum (Puc. exten- sicola) 13 miniata (Phrag. speciosum) 4, 9 occidentale (Melampsora alberten- sis) 199 Ulmariae (Triphragmium Ulmari- ae) 9 ‘Calyptospora columnaris 166, 175 Coleosporium Campanulae 46 Vernoniae.198,'202,. 211, 210," 230; 243, 248 - ; Cronartium Quercus 84, 94, 195, 202, 239, 248 Ree Gymnoconia interstitialis 207 248 MyYcoLocia Gymnosporangium Betheli 112, 115, Medusae 35, 42, 46, 60, 64, 77, 131, 147, 165, 174, 194, 201, 237, 133, 147 247 paradoxa (M. Bigelowii) 55 biseptatum (G. Botryapites) 131 Botryapites 131, 147, 242, 248 clavariaeforme 108, 115, 130, 146, 193, 201, (210, 218, (236,247 clavipes 107, 115; '130,: 146, 104, 174, 193, 201 } corniculans 170, 171,70 75 cornutum 131, 147, -165, 174, 194, 201 ; Davisit 192, 147,151, 2194,..201 durum (G. Nelsoni) 215, 219, 237, 2471, effusum 216, 219 Ellisii 245, 248 exiguum 169, 175 exterum 144,147, )160;.175 floriforme [129], [146], 166, 174 globosum 90, 95, 107, 114, 130, 146, 164, 174 gracilens 217, 219, 237, 247 inconspicuum 113, 115, 211, 218 juniperinum 211, 219 Juniperi-virginianae 64, 77, 90, 95: 106, 114, 129, 146, 193, 201 juvenescens [93], [95], [z1o7], feral, brgel, 3 Br46i. bres, zor 2716 Kernianum 216, 219 Libocedri 143, 147, 211, 219 macropus (G. Juniperi-virginianae) O59... Nelsoni [93], [95], [107], [114], [rg0l1,. shiaoly seckro54; 420ml, 215, 219, 237, 247 Nidus-avis 108, 115, 165, 174, 194, 201, 210, 218; 242,; 248 speciosum (G. gracilens) 217 trachysorum 172, 175 tremelloides (G. juniperinum) 122, 21,0, w2ro Lecythea macrosora (Mel. Bigelowii) 55 Melampsora albertensis 198, 202, 212, 219 Bigelowii 54, 61, 84, 94 Lini QI, 95 Melampsorella elatina 212, 219 Melampsoropsis abietina 195, 202 Nigredo Polemonii 282 Peridermium carneum (Coleos. Ver- noniae) 198, 211, 239, 243 Cerebrum (Cronart. Quercus) 84, 195 fusiforme (Cronart. Quercus) 238, 248 Phragmidium speciosum 4, 9, 23, 28, 47, 60, 106, 114 Puccinia Absinthii 134, 147, 190, 201 Agropyri ‘Licol, 1049" ss 04l 232, 241, 247, 252, [256], L265], 276, 292, 293 albiperidia (P. Grossulariae) 12, 15, 33, 42, 52, 61, 65, 77, 86, 94, 102, 113, 184,226, 227,) 237 eno, 290 alternans (P. Agropyri) 139, 147, [256], [265], 293 americana (error for P. Andro- pogonis) [5], [9] amphigena 26, 29,33, 42; 67, 77, 104, 114, 160, 173, 187, 200, 250 Andropogonis [5], [9], 33, 42, 87, 94, 186, 200 angustata 6, 9, 12, 15, 52, 61, 86, 94, 103, 114, 125, 146, 186, 200, 208, 218, 229, 247 Anthoxanthi 180 apocrypta (partly error for P. mon- tanensis) [261], 262, [263], [265] argentata 189, 201 Arundinariae 100 Asperifolii 127, 146, 257, 265 Asteris 123 Asterum 288 Atkinsoniana (P. Sambuci) 11, 20, 21 Bartholomaei (P. Jamesiana) 24 Blasdalei [112], [115] Bolleyana (P. Sambuci) 14, 15, ZO TZ 52 canaliculata 74, 78 ARTHUR: CULTURES OF UREDINEAE, 1899-1917 249 Caricina 11, 293 Gacicis: 3,9, II, 15,22, 28, 66, 77, #O3,-113,' 158, 173, 186, 200, 293 Caricis-Asteris (P. extensicola) Mawes 20, 20, LO2, 113,° 159, W7gpelSs, 197, 190; 228, 246, 287 Caricis-Erigerontis (P. extensi- Cola) 12,05, 21, 28, 52, 61, 287 Caricis-Solidaginis (P. extensi- Cola) 627,..29; 66, 77, 124, 146, LOA) £90, 228, 246, 287 Caricis-strictae 66 caulicola 36, 42 Ceanothi 168, 175 Chloridis 18 cinerea (P. Agropyri) 137, 147, 208, 218, 292, 293 Clematidis 293 Cockerelliana [256], [265] Convolvuli 3, 9 Crandallii 64, 100, 196, 202 Cryptandrr E109], [115], 223, 280 Distichlidis 154, 180, 260, 265, 271, 275, 201 Dulichiy (P. extensicola) 121, 240, 246, 254, 264 Eatoniae 40, 42, 295 Eleocharidis 17, 74, 78, 87, 94, 124; 42146 Eilisiana: 99, 122, 155, 178,. 230, 247 Eimaculata TT, 916,92, 63, 82, 100, L20,. 224, 251, 276 Eriophori 255, 265 exvitiosa (P. transformans) 73 extensicola 229, 238, 230, 246, 254, 264, 288, 289 ftaxinata 51,60, 67, 77, 103, 114, 127, 140, 160,174 graminis (P. poculiformis) 295, 296 Grindeliae “72,78 Grossulariae 182, 199, 225, 246, 254, 265, 290 lelianthi 23, 28, 34, 42, 47,60; 69, 78, 287 hydnoidea (error) 41, 42, 57 Impatientis 25, 29, 33, 42, 51, 60, TOT, 174, - 202 Isiacae 294 Jamesiana 24, 28, 188, 200 Kocleriae 138, 147 ‘“Kuhmide 74, 78, 124, 145 lateripes 69, 78, 294 Liatridis 273, 275, 292 Lithospermi 197, 202 ludibunda 46 Lygodesmiae 212, 219 macrospora 135, 147 Majanthae 277, 284 McClatchieana 223 minutissima 245, 248 monoica 215, 219, 234, 247 montanensis (partly error for P. apocrypta). liteb).. rsod, «267 262, [263], [265] Muhlenbergiae +17, 142, 147, 161, 174, 187, 200, 241, 247, 271, 275 mutabilis [112], -[rz5] mgrescens (P. caulicola) 37. nodosa 244, 248 obliterata (P. Agropyri) 141, 147, 160, 174, 293 obtecta 109, 115 Opiew (P. patruelis) 84, 94, 185, 200 Pammelii 50, 60, 67, 77, 105, 114 Panici (P. Pammelii) 50 Paniculariae (P. Agropyri) 18 patruelis 136, 147 Recliiet 1 atO 125, - 52,01, (004.777, 85, 94,°124, 145, 157, 173, 184, 199, 208, 218 peridermiospora (P. fraxinata) 8, 9 perminuta (P. Impatientis) 178 Phragmitis 2;-9,.104, 114, 160, 174, 208, 218 Phrymae 11r, 115 poculiformis 12, 15, 51, 61, 68, 77, 38, 04, 105, Tid, 122, 162,: 174, 187,200, °270,.275 Podophylli 59, 61 Polygoni-amphibii 18, 31, 53, 61, 69, 78, 82 Pruni-spinosae (Tranzschelia punc- tata) 70, 78, 89, 94 purpurea 18 pustulata 40, 42. 67, 77, 186, 200 250 Wadriporiuls (P. Grossulariae) 197, 202, /235, 246 quadriporula (error for Urom. peri- gynius) [197], [202], 235 Rhamni 52,°61, 167,)200)- 252,271, 275 Ribesti-Caricis (P. 228 Grossulariae) rubigo-vera 11,128; 1154,. 201, «203 Ruelliae 294 Salviae-lanceolatae (P. caulicola) 37 Sambuci 21, 28, 52, 65, 77, 85, 94, 124, 146 Schedonnardi (P. Muhlenbergiae) 17, (02 100, 122) 17Or 2075027, 27.5 Seymouriana 75, 78, 127, 146, 188, 200, 249, 258, 265 silphii 72, 78;°88; 94 simillima 26, 29, 104, 114, 251 Solidaginis 73, 78 Sorghi 59, 61, 68, 78 Sporoboli 18, 279, 284 splendens 244, 248 Stipae 18, 57, 59, 61; 188, -200, 231, 247 striatula (P. Majanthae) 154 subnitens 25, 29, 48, 60, 67, 77, 87, 94, 104, 114, 12551140, 100,0173; 187, 200, 208, 209, 218, 259, 265, 272, 275, 278, 284, 289, 293, 294 substerilis 75,78; Lro9l;. Errs5d; 1545 163), 074, Sydowiana (P. verbenicola) 7 tenuistipes 102 tomipara (P. Agropyri) [arf, 56, 61, 87, 94, 127, 146, 233, 293 tosta (P. Muhlenbergiae) 32, 63, 1795. 206, 1240, 247. transformans 73, 78, 88, 94 triticma (P. Agropyri) 276; 2092, 293 tumidipes 260, 265 uniporula (P. Grossulariae) 226, 227, 254, 265 universalis I10, 115, 159, 173, 185, 200, 270, 275 MycoLociA verbenicola [7], 60, 67, 77 Vernoniae 274.5275 [od,22) 28,50, vexans 32, 109, 115, 122 Vilfae (P. verbenicola) 7, 9, 22 virgata 90, 1524," 179 vulpinoidis (P. 238, 246, 288 Windsoriae 6, 9, 22, 28, 50, 60, 259, 265 Xanthii 71, 78, 88, 94 Pucciniastrum Hydrangeae 277 Roestelia Betheli (Gym. Betheli) 113 cornuta (Gym. cornutum) 118, 150 extensicola) 120, Harknessianoides (Gym. inconspi- cuum) 113 hyalina (Gym. hyalinum) 150 penicillata (Gym. juniperinum) TPS, 132 Tranzschelia punctata (Puc. Pruni- spinosae) 139 Tremella juniperina (Gym, juniper- inum) 132 Triphragmium Ulmariae 4, 9 Uredo O-xytropi (Urom. Astragati) 192 rubigo-vera (Puc. Agropyri) 19, 28 Uromyces acuminatus 31, 75, 78, 83, 106, 114, 156, 198, 202, 236, 247, 283 Andropogonis 123, 163, 74 Archerianus 253 Aristidae (U. seditiosus) 23, 28 Astragali 192, 201 Caricis (Puc. Caricis-strictae) 66 effusus 83, 93 elegans 244, 248 Eleocharidis 83, 181 Euphorbiae 3, 9, 10, 15, 18, 28, 287 graminicola 64, 123, 155; 11, 260 Halstedii 17 Hordei 263, 265 houstoniatus 128, 146 Jaci 7 eOAOGe 201, 235, 247 Lespedezae-procumbentis 36, 42 magnatus 283, 284 TOU; TS 5 ier, ARTHUR: CULTURES OF UREDINEAE, 1899-1917 Medicaginis 193, 201, 210, 218 Murrilli (U. houstoniatus) 128 Orobi tor Peckianus 181, 209, 218, 289 perigynius 38, 190, [197], 234, 242, 247, 279, 284, 288, 293 Phaseoli 36, 42 Polemonii 282, 291 201, Rhyncosporae 101, 224 Scitpi. 89,:94, 106, 114, 128, 146, 251 242, 247, 253 seditiosus 278, 284 Silphii 92, 93, 95, 106, 114 Solidagimi-Caricis (U. perigynius) 38, 42 Spattinae 164, 174; 161, 283 Sporoboli 17, 273, 280 LOZ 2255 27 5. Steironematis 283 uniporulus 183, 291 Host INDEX Abies alba 167 Dalsamiea 17, 167, 277 concolor 167, 277 Fraser: 166, 167, 175 lasiocarpa 212, 219 magnifica 167 nobilis 167 Abronia-fragrans 155,273, 275, 278 umbellata 121, 223 metacavalba 46. 51;°81, 82, 99,;.122, PS4,.002, 179,223 rubra 81 Adelia acuminata 51, 67 ligustrina 51, 127 segregata 51, 127 Adoxa moschatellina 189, 201 EO, (087. Ol. OG, 00; TOO 1Olp 5/5, 180,481; 206, 207, Aesculus glabra 224 Agoseris glauca 136, 147, 159 Agropyron biflorum 140, 142, 147 caninum 142 glaucum 276 pseudorepens 105, 114, 162, 174 Fepens 51, 61, Tor, 163 Smith 232,°247, 270, 275, 276 Sp. 105, 160, 174 fenerum 51, 61, 105, 114, 163, 187, 200, 262, 265 Agrostis alba 68, 77, 88, 94, 163, 187, 200 hyemalis 178 perennans 178 Sp. 271, 275 Allium Brandegei [112], [115] canadense 274, 280 cernuum [112], [115], 280, 284 Nuttallii 280, 284 recurvatum [112], [115] reticulatum [112], L1t5] 225, 274 stellatum, 273, 275, 278, 280 Althaea. rosea. $1, $82, 123, 155, 161, 187 Ambrosia artemisiaefolia 63, 76, 92, 236 psilostachya 192, 235, 236, 247 CriidaeOet to ene Qe Ate OG 7 Te 81) 134, 1533-154, 168, LSo, 191, 290, 247 Amelanchier Botryapium 65, 107, 133 canadensis 93, 95; 107, 108, TOO, -103}) 114143, 165; 160; 170, 171, 175, 217, 237, 242, 243, 247, 248 enecta 107, 1 is,4 Lid, 05,130, 132, T46,° 157, TOAw 165, 170, 171.4174, £75,194) 105, 201,.207, 210, 211, Z10,.217 216 82. O02)" T0l,.11 20, “121,, 122, 10d, intermedia 107, 108, 114, 115, 131, TAZ) ely t sp. 90 — Vill Satis 1335-104, 201; “221, 275, 210,217,210, 210, °2A2, 248 Amorpha fruticosa 121, 179, 181 Nanay 168,5170,). 1560; 162 Amsonia salicifolia 243, 258 Amygdalis communis 70 persica 71, 89 Anchusa officinalis [257], [265] Andropogon furcatus 6, 39, 42, 67, 77, 186, 200 glomeratus 123, 155 252 Hallii 168, 169, 175 scoparius’ 5, 6;.'33;.30, 42°87) 04, 99, 122, 155, 178, 186, 200 sp. 186, 230, 247 : virginicus 163, 174, 186, 200 Anemone canadensis 17, 19, 26, 29, 64, 104, 114, 252 coronaria 70 cylindrica :26, (232,.)247, s25 i=. 2525 256,276 pennsylvanica 32 ranunculoides 71 Virginiana 17,20, of rod. 122 Anemonella thalictroides 81, 82, 98, 178 Anthoxanthum odoratum 180 Apios Apios (A. tuberosa) 46, 81, 82, 123, L7Onp Lorue2s Apocynum cannabinum 17, 24, 32, LOl, 122) 953) 176, £70), Loos Lon, 182, 197, 224, 258, 265 hypericifolium 258 . Aquilégia caerulea 101, 141, 232 canadensis 64, 140, 147, 178, 242, 256 elegantula 141 flavescens 141, 232, 242 formosa I41 Sp. 252 truncata I4I Arabis Drummondii 214 Holboellii 120, 154, 159, 179, 189 : 180, retrofracta 215 SP. 99, IOI, 213, 214, 219, 234, 247 Aragallus Lamberti 192, 201 Arisaema triphyllum 91 Aristida basiramea 279, 284 oligantha 23, 28 ramosissima 279 APnICAe SP. 2155.0 1791 TUCO, Oe. 1oO, TOL, LOO Aronia arbutifolia 108, 157, 194, 201, 247, 200, 242 nigra. 93, 130, 132, 147, 105; ,1Q4, 201 rotundifolia 133 Artemisia canadensis I11 MycoLoctia ’ dracunculoides 99, 110, 111, 115, 121, 134, 147, 154, 159, 173, 185, 190, 200, 201, 269 dracunculus 110, 111 frigida 111 gnaphalodes 270, 275 kansana III longifolia 159 ludoviciana 190 serrata 99 Sp. 190, 201 Arundinaria macrosperma’ 100 Asclepias incarnata 24, 28, 45 pulchra 258 syriaca 24, 28, 188, 200, 258, 250, 265 | verticillata 225 Asclepiodora decumbens 24 Asprella Hystrix 262 Aster adscendens 159, 173, 185, 199 arenarioides [123] cordifolius: 11, 13, 24, 58; 1O2,;,115 Drummondit 32;> 58) 460; 1250124. 124, 153, 178;,100, 2300240. 9242 éricoides 32,58, 59, Gi, 75,254, 188, 190, 200, 201, 231 lateriflorus 279 multiflorus 57, 58, 59, 61, 75, 123, 153, 154, 188,0 200.0224 Novae-Angliae 58, 59, 61, 75, 188, 200; 221 paniculatus 11, 12, 13, 14.) u0Micon 21; 28, 32, 58) 66, 100m tO2 aanar, 113,°120, 121, 123,424, ) 158,00; 182, 184, 190, 197, 201, 202, 224, 228, 220, 234, 235, 238, 240, 242, 243, 246, 247, 254 prenanthoides 20, 32 sericeus 58 Shortii 19 | Tripoli 229 Tweedyi 153, 159, 185, 240, 242, 247 Astragalus canadensis 182 carolinianus 192, 201 sulphurescens 192, 201 Atheropogon curtipendulus 24, 28, 109, I15, 122, 188, 200 ARTHUR: CULTURES OF UREDINEAE, 1899-1917 Atriplex confertifolia 206 hastata 126, 146, 160, 173, 208, 209, 218, 289 Avena sativa 52, 61, 88, 105, 114, 163 Baptisia bracteata 225 leucantha 110 tinectoria.45, 142, 155, 168 Berberis Aquifolium 138 repens 138 vulgaris 12, 51, 61, 68, 77, 88, 94, BOS a bids 122,138, 162, 174, 180, 187,200, 270, 271, 275 Berula angustifolia 89 Bidens connata 109, 115 frondosa 17, 101, 109, 110, 115 Boehmeria cylindrica 153, 158, 162, 168, 179, 186, 197 Boltonia asteroides 18, 32, 81, 99, 1205) 170, 181, 1897-269, 270 Bouteloua curtipendula (see Atherop- ogon) 24, 32 racemosa 10Q, 122 Brauneria purpurea 18 Brodiaea pauciflora 244, 248 Bromus ciliatus 11,-19, 41, 42, 56, 57, 61,1276 Porteri-139;-140, 147 Pumpellianus 139, 140 purgans 57, 87, 94, 127, 146 Richardsoni 140 Bursa bursa-pastoris 68, 77, 87, 100, 104, 114, 209 Gacalia seniformis 81, 120; 121, 123 canadensis 154, 187, Calamagrostis 200 Calamovilfa longifolia 26, 29, 33, 42, G75a77 5 104, 124, 160, 173; 187, 200, 250 Callirhoe: digitata 223, 224, 240, 241 invelucrata 32; 81, 82; 83, 120, 123, 1425 147,154, 155, 161, 174, 187, 200, 207, 224,, 240, 241 Callistephus hortensis 123 Campanula americana 46 Campsis radicans 73 Capnoides montanum 277, 278 Cardamine bulbosa 100, 126 . T8Oi4 FOr, Carduus Flodmanii 201, 236, 247 192, 253 undulatus 154, 158, 168 Carex aquatilis (error for C. nebras- kensis) [66], [77] arctata 178, 226, 246, 254, 265 aristata 158, 173, 186, 200 Backil 153, 269 blanda (see tetanica) Bonplandii minor 153 brunnescens 197 cephalophora 3 comosa 119, 134, 136, 147 crinita 53, 61, 86, 94, 102, 113, 220, 246 defiexa 190, 191, 201 Douglasii 99 durifolia 255, 269 extensa 229 festiva 159, 173, 185, 199 festucacea 13, 21, 28, 52, 61 filtfolia. 270; 275 filiformis 245, 248 foeneia 13, 14, 21, 28 Frankii 85, 94 Goodenovii 197, 202, 235 gracillima 33, 38, 39, 42, 53, 61, 183 gravida 32,46, 81,99, 121 intumescens 190, I9I, 201, 234, 247 Jamesii 27, 29, 66, 255 lanuginosa 37, 38, 39; °52, 61, 66, 77, 85, 94, 157, 173, 184, 199, 208, 218 longirostris III, 112, 115 lupulina 65, 77, 85 lutidavrt, 21,28, 85, 124, 146 maritima 221 nebraskensis (under C. aquatilis) - [66], [77] pallescens 182, 183, 199 pennsylvanica 32) s45, 63, 81.) 08; 120;,170, 175 praecox 158 pratensis 136, 137, 147 pubescens..12,.38, 39, 183, 225, 226, 246, 254 retrorsa 228, 246 ripatia 22, |28, 103, 113 rosea 102, 113 254 scoparia 184,- 191, 199, 228, 220, 246 siccata 154, 185, 200 sparganioides 66, 77, 124, 146, 279, 284 sp. 85,94, 102, 121, 208,: 237 squarrosa 86, 94 stellulata 178 stenophylla rmo, 111, 115, 134, 159, 17.3;7105, 200,270 Stipata20, (27) 285):20,) 166; 77,0 103, 113, 124, 145 j stricta 3, II, 22, 28, 66, 186, 200 tenella 153, 178 tenuis 153, 182, 183, 199, 226, 246, 254, 265 tetanica (error for blanda) 11, 65, 77, 86, 94 tribuloides 242, 247 trichocarpa 11, 14, 19, 20, 21, 28, 52,01; 85, 94; 158; 173, 204) 199 trisperma 178 waria (37, 395.39; 42) (L1e2i: itor4 virescens 38, 39 vulpinoidea 120, 238, 240, 246 Cassia, chamaccrista 17,118, 32) 164,- 76, 81, 833, 99,100; TOL, 56; 16S; 150, 1S1, 225 thalictroides 82, 99, 122) 162 a17.0 Caulophyllum Ceanothus americanus 17, 32, 81, 82, 99; (142) 154,.0155,. 108, u75 ovatus 168 Cephalanthus occidentalis 75, 78, 127, 146, 188, 200, 258 Cerastium oreophilum 212, 219 Chamaecyparis thyoides 131, 147, 242, 245, 248 Cheiranthus Menziesii 213 Chelone glabra 120, 154, 155, 178, 2231224 Chenopodium album 25, 29, 49, 50, 60, 87, 94, 104, 114, 126, 146, 160, 173, £07, 188, 200, 208,° 200,208, 253, 259, 265, 278, 284, 293 glaucum 50 hybridum 126 leptophyllum 2s, 50 MycoLocia Chionanthus virginica 51 Chrysopsis villosus 231 Chloris elegans 253 verticillata 18 Chrysopogon avenaceus 99, 154, 179 Chrysothamnus nauseolus 73 Cicuta maculata 32, 53, °8q,..90, 94, 106, 114; 128, 146,, 242 Cimicifuga americana 51 racemosa 51 Cineraria palustris 255 Cinna arundinacea 12, 163 Clematis Douglasii 57, 232, 242 Drummondii 57, 241, 242, 247, 276 Flammula 276, 292 ‘Fremontii 56, 57 lasiantha 57 ligusticifolia 57, °105,. 292, 234,247, 252, 256, 276, 2o2 Scotti (S05 60.57; viorna 56, 57 virginiana 51, 56, 57, 61, 87, 94, 105, 114, 127, 146; 160) 232,249, 242.270; 202 vitalba 104, 276 Cleome serrulata 49, 50 spinosa 32, 49, 60, 208, 209, 218 Cleomella parviflora 50 Collomia linearis 236, 247 Comandra pallida 39 umbellata. 39, 142, 075777. 126. 186, 200 Convallaria majalis 180, 278 Convolvulus sepium 3, 5 Corydalis aurea 160, 187, 225 glauca 160 montana 209 sempervirens 160, 188 Crataegus apiifolia 172 157, 165, 172, 174, 175, 195, 201, 211, 216, 210, 236,02ae coccinea 6s, II2, 115, 157, 164, 166, 172,174, 2195 cordata 113, 115, 173 flavo-carius 173 cerronis Marshallii 172 Phaenopyrum 173 Pringlei 90, 93, 95, 130, 143, 146, ARTHUR: CULTURES OF UREDINEAE, I899Q—-IQI7 b47; , 260 Parthenium integrifolium 82, 92 Pastinaca sativa 89 Pentstemon alpinus 186, 200 barbatus 186 hirsutus (P. pubescens) 5, 6, 32, 33; 30,425" 07;..07, 04, £225 123,460, 200 Petalostemon purpureus 154, 155, 168, 170, 160) 151 Phacelia bipinnatifida 101, 122, 154, 155 heterophylla 179, 232 tanacetifolia 223 Phalaris arundinacea 180, 278, 284 Phaseolus diversifolius 36 Philadelphus | 219, 237, 247 Keteleerii 237, 247 Phleum pratense 122 Phlox divaricata 17, 81, 181, 1908 subulata 81 coronarius 216, 217, MycoLociaA Phragmites communis (P. Phrag- mites) 2, 26, 29, 104, 114, 160, 174, 206, 218, ‘250,.204 Phryma leptostachya 99, III, 115, 178 Physalis heterophylla 32 pubescens 225 sp. 180 Physalodes Physalodes 17, 32 Picea canadensis 17, 277 mariana 195, 202 Pinus palustris 239, 248 rigida 46 taeda 198, 202, 211, 219, 238, 239, 243, 248 virginiana 84, 94, 195, 202 Pisum sativum 182 Plantago aristata 24, 279, 284 eriopoda 24 lanceolata 23, 279, 284 Purshii 24 Rugelii 23, 28, 279 virginica 23, 24 Poa compressa 19 longiligula ror Podophyllum peltatum 59, 61 Polemonium reptans 32, 45, 64, 65, 76, 81, 82, 90, LOI, H22,0u5 Ot O2, 179, 181, 197, 1QS,7202,020m Polygala Senega 45, 75, 76, 81, 82, 83, 99, 101, 154, 155; 162, 181, 182 Polygonatum biflorum 154, 278, 282, 284 commutatum 180, 278, 282, 284 Polygonum amphibium 82 aviculare 268, 273, 275 emersum 18, 31, 53, 61, 69, 78 pennsylvanicum 18 scandens 81 virginianum 18 Polymnia canadensis 82, 92, IOI Populus angulata 36 angustifolia 36 balsamifera 36 canadensis 36 deltoides 17, 35, 36, 42, 46, 60, 64, TH, grandidentata 36 ARTHUR: CULTURES OF UREDINEAE, 1899-1917 259 Medusae 36 212,225, 237, 246, 254, 265; 269, monilifera 36 270 ‘remuloides 36, 47, 60, 133, 147, floridum, 190}; 20, 22,33, 53,103; 107; 198, 202, 212, 219 254 trichocarpa 36 gracile, 12,17) 10, 227 05, 77; ©6,; Porteranthus stipulatus 117, 120, 144, 94 HAS, 147, 157, 106, 175 Grossularia 42 Prunus americana 71 longiflorum 254 Cerasus 71 rotundifolium 53, 61, 66, 86, 94 divaricata 70 rubrum. 53; 65, 86; 103, 133 pumila 89, 94 Uva-crispa 20, 22, 33, 42, 53, 61, 65 _ serotina 71, 78, 89, 94 Roripa sinuata 49, 50 spinosa 70, 71 Rosa arkansana 47, 60, 106 virginiana 71 carolina 47, 60 Pseudotsuga mucronata 198, 199, 202, humilis 23, 28, 47, 60 2124-216 lucida 47 Psoralea QOnobrychis 18, 64, 76, 81, nitida 47, 60 96; -100,TOL, 122; 162, 168 pratincola 106, 114 Ptelea trifoliata 6, 8, 22, 28, 50, 60, Sp. 4 260, 265 Rubus allegheniensis 207 Puccinellia airoides 137, 147, 208, 218 Rudbeckia laciniata 63, 64, 65, 76, 81, Pulicaria dysenterica 101, 155, 156 S202 T2Z0 non tA2. Seti 7a, Pulsatilla hirsutissima 26 EST 2O2,= LO7y 62775) 27Q,0 204, Pyrus, cOomMmMuUNIS 113, 131, 157, 194, triloba 63, 64, 178, 179, 180 217 Ruellia ciliosa 69, 70, 78, 294 japonica 93 strepens 69, 70, 78, 224, 294 Quamasia hyacinthina 18 Rumex crispus 2, 104, 114, 160, 174 Quercus alba 84 208, 218 Phellos 239, 248 obtusifolius 2 rubra 195, 202, 238, 239, 248 Rynchospora a!ba io: velutina 84, 94 Salix amygdaloides 54, 56, 61 Ranunculus abortivus 40, 42, 215, 295 Bigelowii 54, 35 acris 252 brachystactys 55 bulbosus 252 discoler 1” cymbalaria 137, 292 herbacea 56 recurvatus IOI longifolia 5 sceleratus 251, 252 repens 56 septentrionalis 26, 98, 155 sp. 84, 94 Rhamnus alnifolia 180, 187, 200 Salsola Tragus 49, 50 caroliniana 52, 61 Salvia lanceolata 36, 42 cathartica 52,61, 180, 252 Sambucus canadensis 14, 19, 21, 22, lanceolata 52, 61 285532; 52,055 77) 05; 943-124, 146, Purshiana 252, 271, 275 159, 150 Ribes aureum 17, 22, 32, 33, 37, 53; Sarcobatus vermiculatus 87, 104; 61, 65 126, 146, 208 Cynosbati 11, 12, 18,19, 20, 22, 32,' -Schedonnardus paniculatus 17, 100, 33; 37, 38, 42, 53, 61, 86, 94, 9u, 122,179, 207,271, 275 £O2,011T, 113, 133, 178, 182, 190, Scirpus americanus 109, 115 260 atrovirens 6, t2, 52, 61, 86, 94, 103, 114, 125, 186, 200, 229, 247 cyperinus 125, 146, 208, 218 Eriophorum 230 fluviatilis 89, 90, 94, 106, 114, 128, 146, 242, 247, 253 maritimus 90 Microcarpus 223, 230 rubrotinctus 223, 230 sylvaticus 223, 230 Scolochloa festucacea 252 Secale cereale 88, 127, 146, [257], 265 Senecio aureus 255, 256, 265 cacaliaefolius 255 Douglasii (error for S. spartioides) ductoris 256 lugens (error for S. spartioides) obovatus 175,18); 32,81, 82, 92,90; LOT, 120, eis 240 palustre 255 spartioides [178], [180], [189], [1971]; l2col,slagri. 247 Sidalcea oregana 155, 179, I9I, 207 Speror Sieglingia seslerioides 6 Silphium integrifolium 72, 78, 82, 88, 92, 94 laciniatum 93 pertoliatuim 32, 38) 05,. 72,7 82)..363; 88, 92, 93, 94, 95, 101, 106, 109, TTA, 236 terebinthinaceum 82, 88, 92, 94 Sium cicutaefolium 90, 242, 247, 253 latifolium 89 Sisyrinchium gramineum (S. gramin- oides) 128, 129, 146 Sitanion elymoides 262 longifolium 162, 163, 174, 187, 200 Smilacina stellata 99, 282 Smilax herbacea 26, 29, 81 hispida, 26,420; °33;.42, 67,77; 100; LO4 = 14st, ose, eA os, 147,,160,/173, 187,200, 251 rotundifolia 134, 135 Solidago caesia 27, 29, 38, 42, 178 canadensis 11, 14, 19, 20, 27, 29, 32, 37, 38, 39, 42, 45, 66, 73, 77, 78, MycoLocia 98, 99; TOL, OZ. 4 nie; tual, exo4e 146, 153, 178, 182, 184, 188, 190, 200, 224, 229, 231, 234, 238, 240, 242, 243, 246, 247, 254, 264, 279 -. flexicaulis 37, 42 glaberrima 238, 246 lanceolata 184 MISSOULIENSIS 238 mollis 231, 238, 246 nemoralis 184, 190 rigida 18, 27; 20) 32, 38, 179 rugosa 184, 190, 201, 238, 242, 246 serotina. Il, (20,) 20,4 27.e zope amos a: 42 trinervata 73, 78 ulmifolia 27, 29, 46 Sophia incisa (error for S. brachy- carpa) [49], [60], [68], [77] incisa (error for S. intermedia) [49], [50] Sorbus americana 90, 93, 95, 107, 112,113, 114)> Tag et gO. aes 132, 146, 147, 157,2105% 166, 174, 194, 201, 211, 219 Aria, 133 aucuparia 133, 105, 0745021 mea hybrida 133 torminalis 133 Spartina cynosuroides (partly for S. ~ Michauxiana) [8], [31], [51], [60], 167], b751, Eyed hz, bet, [83], [x03], -[ro61, Har4at alre7 1: [146], [156], [160], [164], [174], [181], 258, 265 gracilis 154 Michauxiana (partly under S. cyno- suroides) [8], [31], [51], L[6o], [671, [75], 1761, L771, b7siybesi, [103], [106], [114], [127], [146], [156], L160], 2164), 417415 nox, 188, 198, 200, 202, 236, 247, 258, 261, 265, 271,275, 20m, 2os zed patens 181 polystachya 127, 146 stricta 127, 146 sp. 180 Sphaeralcea incana 223, 240, 247 lobata 223,:224, 241, 247 100, ARTHUR: CULTURES: OF Spiraea lobata 5 stipulata 145 Sporobolus asperifolius 63, 179, 206, 240,247 cryptandrus (partly error for Stipa vitidula)= [frog], [115], 223, 270, 275, 280 heterolepis 18, 279, 284 longifolius 7, 17, 22, 28, 50, 60, 67, 775 225 neglectus 32, 182, 274 vaginaeflorus: 273, 275, 280 Stanleya pinnata 50 Steironema ciliatum 46, 63, 65, 66, 76, 78, 93,106, 114, 156, 157, 164, IZA UCT, 108,230; 201, 265, 267, 271, 275, fanceolatum 76, 83, 156, 157, 164, 174, 236, 282 Stenolobium molle 73 stans 73, 78, 88, 94 Stipa comata 75, 231, 247 spartea 18, 57, 61, 163, 188, 200 viridula (partly under Sporobolus cryptandrus) 75, 78, [10g], [115], 5457463, 174, 213 sp. 188, 200 Strophostyles helvola 36, 42 Stylophorum diphyllum 17 282, 283 Symphoricarpos oreophilus 197 parviflorus 168 pauciflorus 45, 153, 154, 179 racemosus’ 17, 18, 32, 45, 63, 98, 99, 100, TOT, 122,,154, 155; 179, 180, 181, 189, 196, 202 Syringa vulgaris 51 faraxacum Taraxacum 13 Tecoma mollis 73 radicans 73 stans 73 Thalictrum alpinum 154, 161, 174, 232 diozcum 64; 76; 81, 82, 99, 122, 127; sO, 140, 147, 154, 161; 168,. 178, 233, 242, 256, 265 Fendleri 140, 223, 232, 242, 256 occidentale 140 polygamum 101, 122, 179 UREDINEAE, 1899-1917 261 purpurascens 154 sparsiflorum 139, 140 venulosum 140 Tissa canadensis 180, 181, 188, 190, 209 Tithymalis arkansanus_ coloradensis 154 Tridens flavus (Tricuspis seslerioides, Triodia cuprea) 6, 22, 28, 50, 60, 259, 265 Trifolium carolinianum 244, 248 medium 193, 210 pratense 182, 193, 210 repens 193, 210 Trillium cernuum 180, 278 recurvatum, 37, $1, 82, 08, 282 Triosteum perfoliatum 81, 100, 101 Tripsacum dactyloides 18 Trisetum majus 180, 213, 219 subspicatum 213, 214, 219, 234, 247 Triticum vulgare I9, 28, 88, 94, 162, LOS 17 Ase 70 Troximon glaucum 136 Tsuga canadensis 91, 277 Ulmaria rubra 5 Urtica gracilis 11, 19, 22, 28,.52, 63, 067557771) 2035 100); 1.13, (134, 2156, 1505, 173, 260,107, 200, 260,°270 Uvularia) erandiflora 179; 180,4278, 280, 282 perfoliata 45 Vaccinium pennsylvanicum 166, 175 Vitis-idaea 167 Vagnera racemosa 278, 282 stellata 180, 278. 282, 284 Verbena stricta 7,17, 22,.28 Uurticifolia. 18, 22°28, 50°60, 67,77, 122 225, Vernonia arkansana 121 crinita 198, 202 fasiculata 239, 243, 248 gigantea 211,210 Sp. 274, 275 Viola cucullata 11% 32,737, 81, 90) 100, FOT,..120) 1235°155, £63, 174; 230; 247 Nuttallii 230, 247 262 papilionacea 63, 76 pubescens 82 primulaefolia 164, 230 septentrionalis 180 sororia 154 striata 98, 90; 231 Viorna Douglasii 180 Scottii 105, 114 PURDUE UNIVERSITY, LAFAYETTE, INDIANA. MycoLociA Xanthium canadense 11, 14, 17, 18, 19,: 22, 32, 46) 7%, Ange eco sp. 88, 94 Xanthoxylum americanum 18, 32, 50. 63, 100, 142, “168. 170% 200), 207. 225 Zea Mays 18, [59], 61, 68, 60, 78 NOTES AND BRIEF ARTICLES [Unsigned notes are by the editor] Professor F. S. Earle spent the summer months at his home in western Cuba, but expects to return to Porto Rico in September. Dr. H. E. Thomas has resigned his position at Cornell Uni- versity to accept one with Professor Kern at Pennsylvania State College. Dr. F. J. Seaver accompanied Dr. Britton to. Trinidad last February and returned with a splendid collection of fungi, in which the parasitic forms especially are well represented. Mr. Rush P. Marshall, formerly Pathological Inspector, Office of Investigations in Forest Pathology, has been engaged to work on the potato wart disease for the Federal Horticultural Board. Dr. Alfred H. W. Povah has resigned as assistant professor of Forest Botany and Pathology in the New York State College of Forestry to accept the position of associate professor of Plant Pathology and associate pathologist at the Alabama Polytechnic Institute, Auburn, Alabama. Mr. Paul V. Siggers has accepted the position of Pathologist for the United Fruit Company and will be stationed at Changuin- ola, Panama, investigating diseases of the cocoanut palm and cacao. He.was formerly Scientific Assistant for the Office of Investigations in Forest Pathology. Mr. E. J. Wortley has resigned his position as Director of Agriculture in Bermuda to accept a similar one in Nyasaland. Mr. E. A. McCallan, a native Bermudian and a graduate of the Ontario Agricultural College, succeeds him as Director at the Agricultural Station in Bermuda. 263 264 MYyYcoLocIA Professor A. de Jaczewski, of the Institut de Mycologie at Petrograd, is on a visit to the United States after being cut off from the outside world about six years. He called at the Garden August 11, shortly after his arrival, and expects to spend two months in various parts of the country. | JoHN Macoun Professor John Macoun, the distinguished Canadian natural- ist, died July 18, 1920, at Sidney, British Columbia, at the ad- vanced age of 89. He was born near Belfast, Ireland, and came to Canada in 1850 with his mother and two brothers. After pre- liminary scientific training in teaching, he was engaged for many years in botanical and zoological explorations in western Canada for the Canadian Government and at length became attached to the Geological and Natural History Survey. His scientific work covered a wide range, both in botany and zoology, and he was ably assisted by his son, the late James M. Macoun. Many of the plants collected by them are in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden. W. A. MurriLi At the request of naturalists generally throughout Canada, the Ottawa Field-Naturalists’ Club has decided to receive subscrip- tions for a permanent memorial in honor of the late Professor John Macoun, who died on July 18, 1920. Many of his friends have thought that the memorial should take the form of a painted portrait to be hung in the Victoria Memorial Museum. Such a> memorial has now been decided upon and the painting will be made by Mr. Franklin Brownell, of Ottawa, the well-known por- trait painter. The expenses in connection therewith will be about $700. Subscriptions to this fund should be forwarded to Mr. Arthur Gibson, Dominion Entomologist, Ottawa, Canada. EDWARD T. HARPER Dr. Edward T. Harper died at his home in Geneseo, Illinois, January 14, 1921. He was born at Sabula, Iowa, September 28, Notes AND BriEF ARTICLES ASN, 1857; graduated from Oberlin College in 1881 and from the Chicago Theological Seminary in 1887; took a Ph.D. degree in Semitics at Leipzig in 1891; received the honorary degree of D.D. at Iowa College in 1902 and Oberlin in 1908; and for nine- Beem years, irom 1892 to 191i, held the chair of Semitics and Comparative Religion at the Chicago Theological Seminary. From the time he retired because of ill health until shortly be- fore his death, he was actively engaged in botanical studies, and had always been an ardent lover of plants. His botanical col- lections, which have been deposited in the Field Museum at Chicago, include a very full series of superb photographs and stereoscopic views of the fleshy fungi. Readers of MycoLocia will remember an article on Hypholoma contributed by him in 1918; while his handsomely illustrated papers on Pholiota, Stropharia, and Hypholoma, published in the Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, 1912-1914, are well known to all students of the gill-fungi. Dr. Harper’s sustained activity in mycology and his ‘success in this field were due in part to the sympathetic interest and help of his brother, Robert A. Harper, Professor of Botany in Columbia University. W. A. MurriLy A long list of Long Island fungi, prepared by Burnham and Latham, appeared as a “second supplementary list” in Torreva for January-February, 1921. Most of the species included be- long to inconspicuous groups. | “The Fungal Diseases of the Common Larch,” by W. E. Hiley, contains over 200 pages, 23 plates, and 28 figures. The work includes a discussion of the various larch diseases, a sum- mary of the relations of the.larch to its diseases, and an extensive bibliography. Bacterial wilt of the castor bean forms the subject of a well- illustrated paper by E. F. Smith and G. H. Godfrey published in the Journal of Agricultural Research for May 16, 1921. Dis- eased plants were first received from Townsend, Georgia, where 266 MycoLocra the loss was sometimes as high as 30 per cent. The disease was later found at many points in Florida and elsewhere. The causal organism appeared to be Bacterium solanacearum, which attacks a number of different plants. “ A Handbook of British Lichens,’ by Annie Lorrain Smith, containing 158 pages of text and go text figures, has just been published by the British Museum. The object of the book is to supply a portable guide to the determination of lichens in the field. ‘The 128 genera included are briefly described, while the species are distinguished by keys only. There is an introduction in which the morphology, ecology, etc., of lichens are discussed, and a glossary of the chief terms employed. | “Insects Injurious to Deciduous Shade Trees and Their Con- trol,’ by Jacob Kotinsky, published as Farmers’ Bulletin 1169 of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, is of interest to mycologists because of the close connection found to exist between insects and fungi when it comes to the treatment of diseases. In the gall-insects, which rarely affect the vitality of a tree, the con- nection between insect and host is exceedingly close. In one group the mother inserts an acid with the egg, but in all other groups it is the growth of the larva that provides the stimulus, the contact between the insect and the surrounding plant tissue being very intimate. Last January I secured, near Greenville, South Carolina, sev- eral specimens which Dr. Burt, of the Missouri Botanical Garden, identified as Tricholoma terreum. One of the specimens which I kept in Greenville had been pierced by a pine mecdle a me other specimens kept well for a week or more, seeming to have the consistency of a Russula, but this pierced specimen rotted where the needle pierced it. Instead of the smell being objection- able it was sweet and would have made a good cologne odor. I do not know whether the fungus produced this odor from the pine needle or whether the needle caused the mushroom to give the odor. The needle was of the long variety peculiar, I believe, to the Piedmont section.—E£. D. Hailock Notes AND BriEF ARTICLES 267 On’ July 11 Mrs. John R. Delafield sent to the Garden, from her lawn in Riverdale, an unusually large specimen of Grifola gigantea, a polypore that grows in tufted form from buried roots, stumps, and about the base of trees, the mycelium being parasitic on the roots of oak and other deciduous trees in this region. This particular specimen measured two feet across and one foot in height and developed from a stump which had been cut off close to the ground. It was nearly white when young and fresh, becoming grayish on developing and smoky-blackish on drying. Another large fungus, Grifola Berkeleyi, similar in shape to G. gigantea, occurs about oak trees in the eastern United States, but may readily be distinguished by its creamy color and the lack of blackish tints on drying. Spike disease of. sandalwood in India has been discussed by several investigators in recent years. Some believe that it is caused by ultra-microscopic organisms, and perhaps disseminated by insects, while its spread from centers favors the infection theory. Experiments at Komattiyur and Andiappanur gave re- sults entirely opposed to the theory that spike is caused by an unbalanced circulation of sap. Transmission of infection over the long distances observed has not been explained, however. Birds, insects, or flying foxes may act as carriers, but carriage through other plants is considered more probable. Spike de- velops more rapidly in some areas than in others, and is more rapid in seedlings and saplings than in older trees. May to July is the most favorable portion of the year for its extension. Spike does not progress regularly from branch to branch. The pre- ventive measures proposed include mainly isolation and destruc- tion of the trees infected. The North American species of Stereum were discussed by E. A. Burt in the Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden issued in December, 1920. Seventy-seven species are recognized in this difficult genus, while several are imperfectly known and many now belong in Aleurodiscus, Thelephora, etc. Vhe main divi- sions of the genus are based on the presence or absence, or 268 MycoLociA attachment of the stipe, but these differences are not considered sufficient to divide the genus. Five thickly crowded half-tone plates add greatly to the value of this excellent paper of 160 pages of text and 48 text figures. Species described as new in this paper are as follows: Stereum caespitosum, Jamaica, Murrill; S. savitas, Mexico, Murrill—also Jamaica, Johnson; S. pubescens, Montana, Mrs. Fitch; S. coni- cum, Cuba, Wright; S. patelliforme, Washington, Suksdorf— also California and New Mexico; S. Earles, Jamaica 2arle. S- magnisporum, Jamaica, Murrill; S. spumeum, New York, Burn- ham—also Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Louisiana, and Mexico; S. erumpens, District of Columbia, Shear—and known to occur from Rhode Island to Alabama and west to Washington and Oregon; S. sepium, Georgia, Humphrey—and known to occur from Pennsylvania to Mexico and Colombia; S. heterosporum, Mexico, Matthews—and known on the Pacific coast as far north- ward as Oregon; and S: durum, Mexico, C: Ly Saugh. In Bulletin 933 of the U. S. Department of Agrichinine "om Black Walnut, by F. S. Baker, the following statement is made regarding the diseases caused by fungi: Black walnut is moderately free from tree diseases and is as resistant to injury as any of its associates. Red butt rot is found in a small percentage of trees, mostly old trees of northern growth, although it is very bad in parts of central Kentucky. As a rule the rot extends only a short distance up the tree, and “butting off’ the lower 3 or 4 feet of a hollow tree will usually remove most of this defect. The “doty” zone that surrounds the advanced decomposition at the center is generally narrow; it is frequently possible, in fact, to saw boards within an inch of an open hollow before any discoloration appears. A white top rot is found, limited almost entirely to southern logs, particularly from Oklahoma and Texas. Its presence is indicated by punky knots and occasionally by conks on the upper trunk. This rot extends a greater distance up and down the trunk than the red butt rot and is a much greater detriment to NotTES AND BriEF ARTICLES 269 the logs, especially if they are to be used for sawing into lumber. A large log with a defective center might be made to furnish a large amount of first-class veneer, but could not to advantage be sawed into lumber. The relation of the health of the host and other factors to in- fection of Apium graveolens by Septoria Apit is discussed at length by H. E. Thomas in the Torrey Bulletin for January, 1921. According to the author, “students of immunity and sus- ceptibility have been slow to recognize any fundamental distinc- tions in the relations of host and parasite in the great group of organisms which cause disease in plants and animals, and yet the concepts of saprophyte, semi-saprophyte, and obligate parasite have been current at least since the time of DeBary. Under the influence perhaps chiefly of Ehrlich’s side chain theory of im- munity, degrees of resistance have been regarded on the one hand as inversely parallel to the virulence of the attacking organism, and on the other hand as directly parallel to the vigor of the host. In plant pathology this view has been particularly prominent in the literature of the facultative parasites. With the development of the science of immunity, the animal pathologist has gone so far as to regard the interactions of host and parasite as specific in each case. It is becoming increasingly apparent that the speci- ficity in the relation of plant pathogens with their hosts must be reckoned with. The saprophytic fungus may be able to live on dead tissue from a wide range of plants, sometimes showing little preference for any one of them. ‘The semi-saprophyte may or may not be more limited in its food range on dead material and attacks from one to a considerable number of living plants with varying degrees of virulence and with variable results to the hosts. The obligate parasite is usually still more restricted in its host range and is much more closely adapted to the living host, having completely lost the ability to grow on dead tissue, even that of its most common host. In the more highly specialized forms the relation may become specific to such a degree that a comparatively slight change in either host or fungus will com- pletely change the virulence of the parasite or the effect on the 270 MycoLoGIa host. It is to be expected, after the long period of association necessary for the close adaptation of fungus to host, that both would be more or less similarly influenced by their environmental conditions. I shall present data to show that the infection of Apiwum graveolens by Septoria A pii is favored by conditions which accelerate the growth of the host. The comparatively narrow specialization of the Sepzoria on celery sug:zests a promising out- look for experiments in breeding for resistance. More intensive work in this direction is needed.” Is AMANITA PANTHERINA EDIBLE OR POISONOUS? Tt will interest mycologists to note that Dr. Raebiger* has ex- perimented toxicologically with Amantia pantherina, a species usually regarded with fear. Raebiger fed the plant raw to guinea pigs, while rabbits. were given material, in part raw, in part cooked. Two goats and two pigs were supplied with daily ‘rations of ten German pounds of parboiled material for a period of six weeks. In the case of the pigs, other poisonous and sus- picious species were included in the rations. In none of these animals was it possible to observe any impairment of their health. The author states further that he has for years gathered this species for his own consumption without experiencing the slight- est poisonous effects. He admitted no other species into his messes of A. pantherina, and, before cooking, would remove the ¢ d cuticle of the pileus, the “cortex” of the stem, and then parboil, throwing away the water. We know that edibility for this species, after preliminary pre- cautions such as Dr. Raebiger took, has been claimed by Michael,’ who says that it is excellent, cooked, or as a pickle. Ford? re- gards it as mildly poisonous. Inoko* and Boehm® have made 1 Raebiger, Dr., Zur Kenntnis der Gift und Nutzpllze. Berliner klin. Wochenschrift, No. 38. 1919. 2 Michael, E., Fuehrer fuer Pilzfreunde. Ausgabe ‘B,’ Gruppe 76. 1918. 3 Ford, W. W., The Distribution of Poisons in the Amanitas. Jour. of Pharm. and. Exper. Therap. Vol. 13) Nov 2. ps277: Aug. 1909; and, A Clin- ical Study of Mushroom Intoxication. The Johns Hopkins Bull., XVIII, No. 193, pp. 124 (14) and 129 (20). April, 1907. 4TInoko, Y., Ueber die giftigen Bestandtheile und Wirkungen des Japan- NotTes AND BriEF ARTICLES DER be rather exhaustive chemico-toxicological examinations. Amanita pantherinoides Murrill, a related species, “was eaten by two | persons with almost fatal results.’’® With several European forms, a Japanese form, with our own more or less closely allied species (A. cothurnata Atk., A. vela- tipes Atk., and A. pantherinoides Murrill), and with the um- brinoys form of 4A. muscaria entering into the complex all too ’ frequently called “A. pantherina,” it would appear that results, ‘in a toxicological examination of this “species,” are likely to prove inconclusive unless considerable systematic acumen is per- mitted to supervene. I Cr Cx IRRIECER ischen Pantherschwammes. Mittheil. aus der Medic. Fac. der Kaiserl. Jap. Univ., Tokio, Bd. I, No: 3, pp. 277-306. 1889; and No. 4, pp. 313-331. 1890. 5 Boehm, R., Beitraege zur Kenntnis der Hutpilze in Chemischer und toxi- cologischer Beziehung .... II. Amanita pantherina.. Archiv fuer exper. Pathol. u. Pharmac. v. Naunyn u. Schmeideberg, XIX. 1885, p. 60; see also Be- richte d. Deutsch. Chem. Gesell., XIX. 1886. Refer. p. 34. 6 Murri', W. A., in Mycologia 10: 289. Nov., 1918. INDEX TO AMERICAN MYCOLOGICAL LITERATURE Adams, J. F. Notes on plant diseases in Pennsylvania for 1916. Ann. Rep. Pennsylvania State Coll. 1916-1917: 3209-336. f. 2-I2, 1919. Adams, J. F. Observations on wheat scab in Pennsylvania and its pathological histology. Phytopathology 11: 115-124. Dl 2; 2 ft, Vir oat : Arthur, J. C. Origin of potato rust. Science II. 53: 228, 220. Ir Mr 1gar. Barrett, J.T. Apricot fruit spots. Univ. Calif. Jour. Agric. 3: 346-349. My 1916. [Illust.] | Barss, H. P. Apple tree anthracnose. Rep. Board Hort. Ore- gon 16: 127-130.. 9921. | Mlust-] Blakeslee, A. F. A graft-infectious disease of Datura resembling a vegetative mutation. Jour. Genet. 11: 17-36. pl. 2-6. 21 Ap 1921. ) Bruner, S. C. Lista preliminar de las enfermedades de las plantas de importancia economica pora Cuba. In Calvino, N., Informe de las anos 1918-1919 y 1919-1920 de la FEstaceion Experimental Agronomica 723-763. 1920. [Lllust.] | Bryan, M. K. A bacterial budrot of cannas. Jour. Agric. Res. 21: 143-152. pl. 31-38. 2 My 1921. : Caused by Bacterium Cannae, sp. nov. Burgeff, H. Sexualitat und Parasitismus bei mucorineen. Ber. Deutsch) Bot. Ges/382 396-327. j.41>, “12 Jasoze Burger, O. F. Variations in Colletotrichum glocosporioides. Jour. Agric. Res. 20: 723-736. pl. 86, f, 1,)2. 0h eee - Burger, O. F., & Swain, A. F. Observations on a fungus enemy of the Walnut Aplus in southern California. Jour. Econ. Entom. 11: 278-288. pl. 9. 1918. Burkholder, W.H. The bacterial blight of the bean: a systematic disease. Phytopathology 11: 61-69. F 1921. 272 INDEX TO AMERICAN MycOLOGICAL LITERATURE AT oa Chambers, W. H. Studies in the physiology of the fungi. XI. Bacterial inhibition by metabolic products. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 7: 249-289. f. 1-11. N 1920. Chardon Palacios, C. E. Un nuevo “smut” de Puerto Rico. Nevista Agric. Puerto Rico.64: 21-23. 30 Ap 1921. _ [Illust.] Thecaphora pustulata Clinton, sp. nov. Coker, W. C. Notes on the Thelephoraceae of North Carolina. Jour, Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 36: 146-1096. pl. 14-35. 1921. Includes 1 new species of Aleurodiscus. Dunn, G. A. A comparative study of the two races of Rhizopus mgricans. Physiol. Researches 2: 301-339. f. 7. Ap 1921. Earle, F. S. The year’s experience with sugar-cane mosaic or yellow stripe disease. Jour. Dept. Agric. Porto Rico 3. no. 4: 3-33. ©! 1910. Edgerton, C. W., & Moreland, C.C. Eggplant blight. Louisiana Asie. Pxper, Sta, Bull. 178: 1-44. f. 1-15. Ja 1921. Elliott, J. A. A mosaic of sweet and red clovers. Phytopa- - thology 11: 146-148. f. 7. Mr 1921. Enlows, E. M. A., & Rand, F. V. A lotus leaf-spot caused by Alternaria Nelumbii sp. nov. Phytopathology 11: 135-140. pl. PIOr i ft 1921. Etter, B. E. Field-cultures of wood-rotting fungi in agars. Phy- topathology 11: 151-154. Mr 1921. Fawcett, H. S. Citrus diseases of Florida and Cuba compared with those of California. Calif. Agric. Exp. Sta. Bull. 262: 153-210. f. I-24. IQI15. Faweett, H. S. Fighting a fungus, Pythiacystis citrophthora, in the Citrus orchards. Univ. Calif. Jour. Agric. 3: 339-343, 356. f. 1-3. My 1916. Fink, B. Notes on the powdery mildews of Ohio. Ohio Jour. Set 2h: 271-210, Ap. 1927. Fries, R. E. Die Myxomyceten der Juan Fernandez-Inseln. Nat. Hist. Juan Fernandez & Easter Isl. 2: 55-58. 1920. Gardner, M. W., & Kendrick, J. B. Bacterial spot of tomato. Jour. Agric. Res. 21: 123-156. pl. 24-28. 15 Ap 1921. Gardner, M. W., & Kendrick, J. B. Tomato bacterial spot and Beec disinrection. < Bull. Purdue Univ: Agric. Exp, Sta) 251; F055. 1-10.) 1021: 274 MycoLocia Gilbert, W. W. Cotton diseases and their control. U. S. Dept. Agric. Bull. 1187: 3-32. f. 1-18. Mr 1921. Godfrey, G. H., & Harvey, R. B. Motion pictures of zoospore production in Phytophthora, Phytopathology 11: 145, 146. pl. 6:2 Wht fO2iT: Haenseler, C. M. ‘The effect of salt RY and concentra- tion on the growth of Aspergillus niger. Am. jour, “aor. 147-163. f. I-O. 1921. Harter, L. L. Amylase of Rhizopus Tritici, with a considera- tion of its secretion and action. Jour. Agric. Res. 20: 761- FOO. TF 1O2m: 7 Hurd, A. M. Seed-coat injury and viability of seeds of wheat and barley as factors in susceptibility to molds and fungicides. Jour. Aeric. Res. 202 99-122. pl. 13-23. 15 Ap 1921. Jagger, I. C. A transmissible mosaic disease of lettuce.’ Jour. Agric, Res...203°737-740; ph 672) 15 ozs) Jagger, I. C. Bacterial leafspot disease of celery. Jour. Agric. Res, 21: 185-188. pl. 46, 47. 2 My 1921. Caused by Pseudomonas Apii, sp. nov. Kauffman, C.H. Jsoachyla, a new genus of the Saprolegniaceae. Amt, Jour; Bot. 8% 231-237) pl 13. 14.) OZ: Includes J. toruloides, sp. nov., from Michigan. Korstian, C. F., Hartley, C., Watts, L. F.. & Hahn, G.G. A chlorosis of conifers corrected by spraying with ferrous sul- phate. Jour, Agric. Res. 21: 153-171. f. 1-4. 2 My tear Lee, H. A. The increase in resistance to citrus canker with the advance in maturity of Ciirus trees. Phytopathology 11: 70- 72. 5 VEO E. : Lehman, S. G. Soft rot of pepper ane Phytopathology 11: 85-87. F 1921. Lendner, A. Un Champignon parisite sur une Lauracée du genre Ocotea. Bull. Soc. Bot. Genéve II. 12: 122-128. f. I, 2. 31 ja 192i: Cryptobasidium, gen. nov., from Costa Rica. Levin, I., & Levine, M. Malignancy of the crown- -gall and its aie to animal cancer. Jour. Cancer Res. 5: 243-260. f. I-15. 1920. Massey, L. M. Experimental data on losses due to crown-canker of rose. Phytopathology 11: 125-134. Mr 1921, INDEX TO AMERICAN MycoLoGIcAL LITERATURE Pay 5) Matz, J. Infection and nature of the yellow stripe disease of cane (mosaic, mottling, etc.). Jour. Dept. Agric. Porto Rico 3. no, 4: 65-82. f. I-11: O 1919. Matz, J. Observaciones en la gomosis de la cana en Puerto Rico. Revista Agric. Puerto Rico 64: 33-39. 30 Ap rg2r. [lllust.] McLean, F. T. A study of the structure of the stomata of two species of Citrus in relation to citrus canker. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 48: 101-106. ee O21: | McLean, F. T., & Lee, H. A. The resistance to citrus canker of Citrus nobilis and a suggestion as to the production of resistant varieties in other Citrus species. Phytopathology II: I1og-114. for. Sr TO2T. Miles, L. E. Leaf spots of the elm. Bot. Gaz. 71: 161-1096. pl. 6-10. 17 Mr 1921. Includes 2 new species of Gloeosporium. Morse, W. J. The transference of potato late blight by insects. _ Phytopathology 11: 94-96. F 1921. Murrill, W. A. A double mushroom. Mycologia 13: 119-122. leit, V2 1: Agaricus campester. Murrill, W. A. Two species of Fuscoporia. Mycologia 13: 1109. 1g21. 2 new combinations. Murrill, W. A. The genus Tinctoporia. Mycologia 13: 122, L23. Includes 2 new combinations. Pritchard, F. J.,. & Porte, W. S. Collar-rot of tomato. Jour. pveric. Res. 21; 179-184. pl. 41-45. 2 My 1921. Includes Verticillium Lycopersici, sp, nov. Puttemans, A. Gloeosporium Bombacis, n. sp. Bull. Soc. Path. Neer 7A, 75.. I: 1920: Puttemans, A. Sur l’Oidium du Chéne au Bresil. Bull. Soc. Batis Veep. 37-40. 1 Je 1920. | | Rathbun, A. E. Methods of direct inoculation with damping-off ™ fungi. Phytopathology '\11: 80-84. f. 1-3. F 1921. Reinking, 0. A. Higher Basidiomycetes from the Philippines moa tei hosts. IV. .;-Philpp. Jour. Sci; 17: 363-274. O 1920. 276 MyYcoLoGiA Rosen, H. R. Further observations on a bacterial root and stalk rot of field corn. Phytopathology 11: 74-79. f. 1-4. F 1921. Rosen, H. R. The behavior of telia of Puccinia granumts in the south. Mycologia 13: 111-113. 1921. Rudolph, B. A., & Franklin, H. J. Studies of cranberries during storage. Fungi studies Massachusetts Agric. Exper. Sta. Bull. 198: 88-92. f. 7,2: 2S’ 1920. Saccardo, P. A. Mycetes Boreali-Americani a cl. Doct. J. R. Weir (Spokane, Washington) an. MCMXIX communicati. Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital 1).-27 :-75-838;- DD 102e: Includes 30 new species. Scofield, C. S. Cotton rootrot in the San Antonio rotations. Jour. Agric. Res. 21:.117-125.. 2° My 1921. Shunk, I. V. Notes on the flagellation of the nodule bacteria of Leguminosae. Jour. Bact. 6: 239-246. pl. I. 1921. Smith, E. F., & McKenney, R. E. B. A dangerous tobacco dis- ease appears inthe United States. U.S. Dept Asrie Dene: Circ: 742 1-Os~ GAprie21,.3 Snell, W. H. The relation of the moisture content of wood to its decay, with special reference to the spraying of log piles. Pulp and Paper Mag. 19: 531-533. f. I, 2. 19 My 1921. Speare, A. T. Massospora cicadina Peck. Mycologia 13: 72- O2) pli, 570... TO21. A fungous parasite of the periodical cicada. Stevenson, J. A. Enfermedades del citro en Puerto Rico. Rev. Agric. Puerto Rico 4. no. 3: 34-46; no. 4: 25-36; no. 5: 22- 27, = 1020. Stevenson, J. A. Enfermedades del citro en Puerto Rico. Re- vista Agric. Puerto Rico 4°: 9-19. Je 1920. | Corrected’, reprint. Sydow, H. & P. Novae fungorum species XVI. Ann. Mycol. 18: 155-160. Ap 1921. Includes new American species in Septobasidium (1), Uromyces (1), Aecidium (1), Catacauma (1), and Taphrina (1). Taubenhaus, J. J. A study of the black and the yellow molds of ear corn. Bull. Texas Agric. Exper. Sta. 270: 3-38.73 1-2. O 1920. ) Taubenhaus, J. J., & Mally, F. W. Pink root disease of onions INDEX TO AMERICAN MycoLoGICAL LITERATURE 2 adams control in Texas. Texas Agric. Exper. Sta. Bull. 273: 1-42. f. 1-3. Ja 1921. Thom, (OK & Church, M. B. Aspergillus flavus, A. Oryzae, and Bes@ciated species. Am..Jour: Bot. 8: 103-126, f.. I. 192%. Thomas, R. C. Botrytis rot and wilt of tomato. Bull. Ohio meric. Exper. Sta. 6: 59-62. Ap 1921. [Illust.] Thurston, H. W., Jr. A note on the corrosive sublimate treat- ment for the control of Rhizoctonia. Phytopathology 11: 150- Mokena 1O2T; : Wakefield, E. M. Mosaic diseases of plants. West Indian Bull. 18: 197-206. [1921.| Walker, J. C. Onion smudge. Jour. Agric. Res.‘20: 685-721. pl. 80-85 & f. I-10. 1 F 1921. Walker, J. C. Rust of onion followed by a secondary parasite. Phytopathology 11: 87-90. f. 1, 2. F.1921. Weir, J. R. Thelephora terrestris, T. fimbriata, and T. caryo- phyllea on forest tree seedlings. Phytopathology 11: 141-144. Ol. 5. Mir 1927. Weston, W. H.- Another conidial Sclerospora of Philippine miaize). Jour. Agric. Res. 20; 669-684. pl. 76-79. 1 F 1921. Williams, C. B. Report on the Froghopper blight of sugar-cane im Frinidad. Mem. Dept. Agric. Trinidad and Tobago 1: I- IO, pl. I-11. f. I-32. Ja 1921. Considers also “ The root disease of sugar cane” caused by fungi. Pramctom, J. KR. Tear-stain of Citrus fruits. U.S. Dept.. Agric. ull 024% 1-12, pl. 1, 2. 26 Ja 1921. Zillig, H. Unsere heutigen Kenntnisse von der Verbreitung des Antherenbrandes (Ustilago violacea (Pers.) Fuckel). Ann. Mycol. 18: 136-153. Ap 1921. —— < di Studi es in nee : tae 42}, eee * BPP! itional Philippi West ns North Carolina, by ¥ te =f n, b: eal orth Ar nee ae FT: ver Peg ina le The nae of the ¢ Ants at G Grasses Ye the United States, es, by ee incline Greenland, the West’ Indies, and Centr. “Jj poral of the New. York sian: Garden, . ing notes, news, and non-technical. articles of members. of the, Garden. To bide 10 2 i “Mycologia, bimonthly, illustrated 4 ppb lichens ;: Li Werptikd technical arti le year: single copies “not for sale, ; [Not thirteenth volume. : : ‘ Addisonia, adatedy: devoted mrclietiely to ae : » popular descriptions of flowering plants ; eight plat - in each volume. Subscription: Price, $10. 00 a Yat ‘Now. in its-sixth volume... if Bulletin a the Wew York Botanical Garden, members of ‘ie Garden : -to lee aoa a per ses hy ms North American Flora. Descriptions of the. wild pl ‘completed in 34 volumes. Roy. 8vo, Each volume | ides Cuirenn lien ed vee per. part; a yep Vol. 3; part 1, 1910, Vol. 7, part 1, 1006; Ee, oo) 1907! veg 3; 1912; ai 1921. Ustilaginaceae~Accidiaceae (pars), separately. ) ‘Vol..9 (now complete), parts ee Toot (pars). (Parts 1-3 no longer. sold separately.) Vol. 10, part 1,.1914; parts\2. and 3, 1917. aay Vol.-15, parts 1 and 2, 1913. . Sphagnaceae—Leucobryacea Vol. 16, part’ 1, 1909. Ophioglossaceae—Cyatheat ae (pa: Vol. 17, Part. Loe 1909; part a cca Sues os 19 $: T : (pars). reat Vol. an, part iy 1916 part 2 39175 part 3, 1918. Che hiaceae. i . Vol. 22, parts’ 1 and 2, 1905; er parts 3 and 4 1908 p i Podostemonaceae—Rosaceae. 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York tani “the ninth volute. i a a - PRANKLIN s. ‘EARLE y | ae ROMELL | BRUCE FINK —s—<“asi‘ B97 \5e>- y, 18o1. There have been thus far only four collections of Herpotrichia made from the island: two of them collected by Stevenson and two by the writer. Stevenson (37) refers one of his collections to H. albidostoma and the other to H. diffusa. All four collections have been examined by the writer and it has become evident that they belong to a single species. This conclusion was reached after measuring accurately 100 spores from each specimen and plotting curves which coincide. A wide range in spore lengths, 26 to 40 up, was observed. The specimens agree with material collected by Langlois in Louisiana and distributed (Ellis & Everh., Fungi Columbiani, No. 1035) under the name of Herpotrichia diffusa var. rhodomphala. The Porto Rican material, however, is re- ferred here to H. albidostoma, the type of which has been exam- ined at the New York Botanical Garden. MATERIAL EXAMINED: On shells and debris of Cocos nucifera L. Herbarium Insular Experiment Station (Stevenson), No. 2626, Espinosa, Mar. 6, 1915; Cornell University Explorations of Porto Rico (Chardon), No. 1230, Mayaguez, July 14, 1920. On decaying wood. Herbarium Insular Experiment Station (Stevenson), No. 5586, Rio Piedras, July 4, 1916; Cornell Uni- versity Explorations of Porto Rico (Chardon), No. 959, Coamo, Aug. 26, 1920. | _XYLARIACEAE HyPoxyLON ANNULATUM (Schw.) Mont., Syll. Crypt.: 213. _ This very common species resembles a Rosellinia, since the peri- thecia are sometimes free. Individual perithecia are large, black and bear the papilliform ostiolum at the center of a small disk - (ige5). 296 MycoLoGIa MATERIAL EXAMINED: On dead wood. Herbarium Insular Experiment Station (Ste- venson), No. 2989, Palo Seco, Apr. 24, 1915; Cornell University Explorations of Porto Rico (Whetzel & Olive), No. 764, Maricao, Mar. 13, 1916; id. id. (Chardon), Nos. 953, 063, Coamo, Aug. 23, 1920; id. id. (Chardon), No. 961, Coamo, Aus. 267 1620: NUMMULARIA CINCTA Ferd. & Wee., Bot. Tidsk. 29: 15. 1909. This form might be confused easily with N. Bulliards in that the stroma is erumpent and pushes the bark to the sides. It differs in that the stroma lacks marked punctulations and is not so char- acteristically convex: (fig. 17). MATERIAL EXAMINED: On dead and decaying wood. Herbarium Insular Experiment Station (Stevenson), No. 3464, Rio Piedras, Dec: 12, 191 3)7adid- (Johnston & Stevenson), No. 1253, Martin Pena, Jan. 25, 1914; Porto Rican Fungi (Fink), No. 691, Rio Grande, Dec. 7, 19153 Cornell University Explorations of Porto Rico (Chardon), No. 977, Penuelas, July 21, 1920. The material examined was compared with a fragment of the type kindly supplied by Docter Ferdinandsen. NUMMULARIA PUNCTULATA (B. & R.) Sacc., Syll. Fung. 1: 390. 1882. This is a very common and characteristic species on account of its smooth and polished stromata. The stroma is broadly effused, 3-10 cm. or more in length and projects but slightly above the bark. Most of the collections are sterile (fig. 16). MATERIAL EXAMINED: On dead wood. New York Botanical Garden, Explorations of Porto Rico (Schafer), No. 3687, Sierra de Naguabo, Aug. 10-15, 1914; Herbarium University of Illinois, Porto Rican Fungi (Stevens), No. 112, Dos Bocas, July 8, 1915; Porto Rican Fungi (Fink), No. 974, Mayaguez, Dec. 18, 1915; id. id. (Fink), No. 1785, Aibonito, Jan. 3, 1915; Cornell University Explorations of CHARDON: PYRENOMYCETES OF Porto Rico 297 ome intco (Chardon), No. 976, Penuelas, July 28, 1920; id. id. (Chardon), No. 979, Penuelas, Aug. 7, 1920. NUMMULARIA REPANDA (Fries) Nitsch. Pyren. Germ: 57. 1867. Very similar in habit to N. discreta, but with ellipsoidal spores, TI-13.5 X 4.5-6.5 pm. MATERIAL EXAMINED: On dead wood. Herbarium Insular Experiment Station (John- Suom) aN, 676, El Yunque, Dec. 12, 1912; Cornell University Explorations of Porto Rico (Chardon), No. 981, Coamo, Aug. 27, 1020. . DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, CORNELL UNIVERSITY, ItHacAa, NEW York. LITERATURE CITED i, atmaud,,G. ies Astérinées. Ann. Ecol. Nat. Agr. Montp. 16: 1-288. pis. I-5I. 1918. 2. Arthur, J. C. Uredinales of Porto Rico based on collections by F. L. Stevens. Mycol. 7: 168-196, 227-255, 315-332. 1915. id. 8: 16-33. 1916. 3. Arthur, J. C. Uredinales of Porto Rico based on collections by H. H. Whetzel and E. W. Olive. Mycol. 9: 55-104. 1917. 4. Atkinson, G. F. Steps toward a revision of the linosporous species of North American graminicolous Hypocreaceae. Bul. Torr. Bot. Club 255. 222-225. 1894. 5. Atkinson, G. F. The genera Balansia and Dothichloe in the United States with a consideration of their economic importance. Jour. Mycol 11: pls. 81-88. 1845. 6. Chardon, C. E. A list of the Pyrenomycetes of Porto Rico collected by H. i. Whetzel and:E.. W. Olive. Mycol. 12: .316—321.. 1920. . Earle, F. S. Some fungi from Porto Rico. Muhlenbergia 1: 10-23. 1900. 8. Earle, F. S. Mycological Notes. II. Bul. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 3: 289-312. HO13: 9. Ellis, J. B., and B. M. Everhart. The North American Pyrenomycetes. 1892. 10. Ferdinandsen, C., and O. Winge. Fungi from the Danish West Indies collected by C. Raunkiaer. Bot. Tidsk. 29: 1-25. pls. I-2. 1909. 11. Ferdinandsen, C., and 0. Winge. Fungi from Professor Warming’s ex- pedition to Venezuela and the West Indies. Bot. Tidsk. 30: 211. 7 figs. 1910. 12. Fink, B. The distribution of fungi in Porto Rico. Mycol. 10: 58-61. 1918. N 298 MyYcoLoGIa 13. 14. 20. 22. 37: 38. Fitzpatrick, H. M. Rostronitschkia, a new genus of Pyrenomycetes. Mycol. 11: 163-167. 1919. Fitzpatrick, H. M. Monograph of the Coryneliaceae. Mycol. 12: 206— 267. pls. 12-18. 1920. . Gaillard, M. A. Note sur le genre Lembosia. Bul. Soc. Myc. France 9: 122-123. 1893. . Garman, P. Some Porto Rican parasitic fungi. Mycol. 7: 333-340. pl. EZE, MiG. oh Gr Ss . Griffiths, D. The North American Sordariaceae. Mem. Torr. Bot. Club Il: 1-134. pls. I-19. 190T. . Klotzsch, J. Schwanecke collection of fungi. Linnaea 25: 364-366. 1852. . Léveillé, M. J. H. Champignons exotiques. Ann. Sci. Nat. III (Bot.) 3: 38-71. 1845. Lindau, G. MHysteriineae in Engler und Prantl ‘‘ Die Naturliche Pflan- zenfamilien ” Teil I. abt. 1: 265-278. 1897. . Miles, L. E. Some new Porto Rican fungi. Trans. Illinois Acad. Sci. 103: 249-255. 1917. Olive, E. W., and H. H. Whetzel. Endophyllum-like rusts of Porto Rico. Amer. Jour. Bot. 1: 44-52. pls. I-3. 1917. . Saccardo, P. A. Sylloge Fungorum 1. 1882. . Seaver, F. J. Hypocreales. North Amer. Flora 3: 1-56. 1910. . Seaver, F. J. Notes on North American Hypocreales IV. Aschersonia and Hypocrella. Mycol. 12: 93-98. pl. 6. 1920. . Sintenis, P. Pilsen auf der insel Portorico 1884-1887 gesammelten. Engler Bot. Jahr. 17: 489-501. 1893. . Spegazzini, C. Fungi Guaraniti 1: 132. 1883. | . Stevens, F. L. The genus Meliola in Porto Rico. Illinois Biol. Monog. 2: 475-553. pls. I-5. 1916. . Stevens, F. L. Porto Rican fungi, old and new. Trans. Illinois Acad. Sci. 10: 162-218. 1917. . Stevens, F. L. Some meliocolous parasites and commensals from Porto Rico. Bot. Gaz. 65: 227-249. pls. 5-6, 5 figs. 1918. . Stevens, F. L. Dothidiaceous and other Porto Rican fungi. Bot. Gaz. 69: 248-257. I3-I4. 1920. . Stevens, F. L. New or noteworthy Porto Rican fungi. Bot. Gaz. 70: 399-402. 4 figs. 1920. . Stevens, F. .L., and N. Dalbey. New or noteworthy Porto Rican fungi. Mycol. 11: 4-9. pls. 2-3. 1919. . Stevens, F. L., and N. Dalbey. Some Phyllachoras from Porto Rico. Bot. Gaz. 68: 54-59. pls. 6-8. 1919. . Stevens, F. L., and N. Dalbey. A parasite of the tree fo (Cyathea). Bot. Gaz. 68: 222-225. pls. 15-16. 1919. . Stevenson, J. A. A check list of Porto Rican fungi and a host index. Jour. Dept. Agr. P. R. 2: 125-264. 1918. Theissen, F. Lembosia-Studien. Ann. Mycol. 11: 425-467. pl. 20. 1913. Theissen, F., und N. Sydow. Dothideazeen-Studien. Ann. Mycol. 12: 176-194. 1914. CHARDON: PYRENOMYCETES OF Porto RIco 299 39. Theissen, F., und H. Sydow. Die Dothideales. Ann. Mycol. 13: 149-746. pls. I-6. 1915. 40. Theissen, F., und H. Sydow. Synoptische Tafeln. Ann. Mycol. 15: 389- AGT. 19017? 41. Sydow, H. et P. Contribution a l'étude des champignons parasites de la Colombie in Fuhrmann, O et E. Mayor. Voyage d’exploration scien- tifique on Colombie. Mem. Soc. Neuch. Sci. Nat. 5: 435. 1913. EXPLANATION OF PLATES PrATE. a3 Fig. 1. Lembosia microspora sp. nov. Group of ascomata; notice there is no evidence of a superficial mycelium. X 11. ' Fig. 2. L. microspora. Two mature asci; notice the small size of the ascospores when compared with those of the other two species. XX 300. Fig. 3. L. microspora. Portion of a leaf of Ocotea leucoxylon showing groups of ascomata. X 8/11. Fig. 4. Lembosia melastomatum Mont. Colonies on a fragment of a leaf ‘of Miconia prasina. X 8/11. Tete 5. L. melastomatum. Group of ascomata on the same leaf; notice the profuse development of aerial mycelium. x 11. Fig. 6. L. melastomatum. A mature ascus. XX 300. Fig. 7. Lembosia tenella Lévy. Group of ascomata on a leaf of Cocco- loba uvifera. XX 11. Fig. 8. L. tenella. An ascus with immature ascospores to the left and two mature ascospores to the right. > 300. Fig. 9. JL. tenella. Portion of a leaf of Coccoloba uvifera showing characteristic colonies. X 8/11. PLATE «14 Fig. 10. Ophionectria portoricensis sp. nov. A group of perithecia. 3s Fig. 11. Podostroma orbiculare sp. nov. Two stromata; the one to the left is shown side view and shows the stipitate character. X 3/2. Fig. 12. Dothichloe atramentosa (B. & C.) Atk. Characteristic stromata on leaves of Chloris petraea. X 8/11. Fig. 13. Dothichloe Aristidae Atk. Culms of Aristida portoricensis with stromata completely encircling them. ™X 8/11. Fig. 14. Dothichloe subnodosa sp. nov. Stromata on culms of Ichnan- thus pallens; notice the location of the stromata just beneath the nodes. xX 8/10. Fig. 15. Hypoxylon annulatum (Schw.) Mont. Perithecia. x 6. Fig. 16. Nummularia punctulata (B. & R.) Sacc. Stromata on dead wood showing effused character; notice also the smooth polished surface of the stroma. x 8/11. ‘Fig. 17. Nummularia cincta Ferd. & Wee. Stromata on dead wood showing characteristic erumpent habit. ™& 8/11. 300 MyYcoLocia PLATE ens Fig. 18. Phyllachora Serjantucola sp. nov. Stromata on leaves of Ser- jania polyphylla. X 8/11. Fig. 19. Dothidina peribebuyensis. (Speg.) Chardon. Stromata on por- tion of a leaf of Miconia sp. X 8/11. Fig. 20. Trabutia Guazumae sp. nov. Fragment: of a leaf of Guazuma ulmifolia covered with numerous stromata. xX 8/11. Fig. 2r. Trabutia conica sp. nov. Characteristic stromata on leaves of Drepanocarpus lunatus. X 8/11. Fig. 22. Trabutia Bucidae sp. nov. Leaf of Bucida buceras with stro- mata; notice the stromata have a tendency to crowd themselves in colonies. airey/ Git Fig. 23. Phyllachora canafistulae Stevens & Dalby. Stromata on leaves of Cassia grandis... 8/21. Fig. 24. Phyllachora Wheizelu sp. nov. Leaves of Eugenia sp. with stromata; notice the circular shape of the stromata. X 8/11. VOLUME 13, PLATE 13 MYCOLOGIA LEMBEOSIA yo MYCOLOGIA VOLUME 13, ERATE 14 HYPOCREALES AND SPHAERIALES VOLUME 13, PLATE I5 MYCOLOGIA DOTHIDEALES CALIFORNIA HYPOGAEOUS FUNGI— : TUBERACEAE Harotp E. Parks The hypogaeous fungi of America form a large, important and little known group. Practically nothing is known of the range of species or their distribution, their edibility cr their life histories. Their occurrence in most cases has been noted rather by accident than through any careful or systematic search for them. In Calli- fornia there has been some definite attempt at extensive collection and study of the many different species. The work was pioneered by Dr. H. W. Harkness. His work was left incomplete, however, at the time of his death and subse- quently much of it was lost. It was successful in demonstrating the great variety and extent of the group. The work was then fakenwup by Dr. W. A. Setchell and Prof. N. L. Gardner, of the University of California, at Berkeley. The only literature avail- able as a guide to the Californian species is the paper of Dr. Hark- ness, which is, unfortunately, not easily procured. The work is of little value in many ways, as the descriptions have been abbrevi- ated. Dr. Helen M. Gilkey has made a careful “ Revision of the ’ Tuberales of California,’ which is an excellent account of asco- mycetous forms. Drs. Zeller and Dodge have also recently pub- lished some accounts of the various Hymenogastrales in which are included numerous Californian species. Pilot. the recent publications will in time have to be revised more or less to include numerous additional species and allow of a modification of the published species. Aside from the paper of Dr. Harkness, there is no literature published which would be of service to the collector in the:field. As in the case of the writer, the collectors:must go at the work more or less blindly until ex- perience has been gained. With all due allowances for seasonal differences, it is hoped that the following account will be of value to other collectors. 301 6 302 MycoLoGIa The collection of the hypogaeous fungi of the Santa Cruz Mountains, of California, is based upon a deliberate, carefully planned and systematic search. The writer has now the experi- ence of six seasons’ intensive exploration of the mountains ad- jacent to San Jose. It is a deliberate search that few would per- sist 1n season after season over the same ground, yet it becomes a most fascinating game at which to play. : The work begins with the coming of the fall rains and con- tinues all through the winter months and up to the beginning of summer, when the ground becomes too dry for any fungus growths. If the ground is thoroughly covered, it frequently means the crawling into wet thickets on hands and knees and includes all the brambles, briars, poison oak and wood ticks that go along with such experiences. Sometimes the rewards from a mycological standpoint are well worth the effort. The most productive season comes in warm spring months if there has been a fair amount of rain. In some seasons there is little to be found owing to drought. Even if a goodly amount of rain has fallen and a sudden, pro- tracted hot spell follows, the fungi will quickly disappear. Californian Tuberaceae have been considered in the past to con- tain no aromatic species. Many of the species are easily detected in the soil by their conspicuous color, but some are rather difficult to find for the same reason. None were supposed to closely re- semble the so-called “ queen truffles” of Europe. A few resemble closely the white European species. Many are.very small and a few attain to some size. Many are of no economic value, while some are large enough and abundant enough to be used for food. Some have a fine nutty flavor, others are apt to be a bit disagree- able. A small black Tuber has been found differing widely from any previous species found here and which developed a very strong odor. This last species was found in a spot in which I have collected different specimens every year for the last five seasons. Differing from all other previously collected forms, it turns alcohol to a deep purple color. The methods of collecting the Tuberales and the Hymenogas- trales are the same. The two groups are found frequently grow- rt Parks: CALIFORNIA HypoGAEous FUNGI o038 ing intermingled and sometimes are difficult of determination. The latter group forms a most important portion of the hypogael. They are often large fructifications and are frequently produced in large numbers, and, above all, are strongly aromatic. ‘These aromatic species provide a large amount of food for the rodents, the woodrats (Neotoma) being especially active in the search for them and leaving many signs of their work. The study of these signs is of value to the truffle hunter. Many of the Tuberales appear to be without a conspicuous mycelium, but the Hymenogastrales are usually associated with an abundant white mycelial growth. The exposure of this my- celium will often quickly lead to the desired plants. One or two species of the Hymenogastrales are affected by parasites which leave masses of golden spores under the leaves. The presence of these spores serves as a guide to other species which are frequently associated with the host plants. Excavations made by the rodents for the different species, together with the many fragments left among the leaves, serve as an additional guide. Sometimes on warm, quiet days certain odors may be traced directly to certain species. In the end, however, instinct and experience in selecting favorable locations serve to secure the many different species, and then very often the plants appear in unexpected places where ex- perience shows they should not appear. Adjacent to San Jose there are ideally wooded hills of mixed oaks both in dense forest and in open scattered groups, and in other places not too far away there are fine forests of conifers and other trees which give the greatest variety of country and timber to work over. ‘This district has been the scene of operations for the last six years. And even when one knows the ground thor- oughly it is surprising how little of it may be covered on a day of good collecting. Frequently two or three hours will be spent in working over the ground under a single large oak, and on several occasions an entire afternoon has been spent in one place. The collector may pass rapidly from one place to another, as experience shows the ground to be barren, but though a place is barren one day, it may within a week or so be producing an abundance of fungi. : 304 MycoLocia At Guadaloupe Mines there is a spot where the ground is moist yet warm, beneath a cluster of live oaks, which every season may be depended upon to supply numerous species over a long season. As an illustration of succession of fungi that may be found and the necessity for a constant going over the same ground, my collec- tions for this season will be of value. In November, Hysteran- gium species; January, Gautiecria species; February, Genea species ; March, Tuber species, and April, Tuber species and Hydnobolites species. All these were more or less abundant and occurred within an area of less than one hundred square feet. In other seasons this same spot has yielded many other species. In another location where intensive search was made two seasons ago with success the same ground was recently gone over with great care and tubers collected that are probably the most important yet found in the United States. At Saratoga under a single tree that produced a number of species two seasons ago there was collected in February of this year on a single day nine genera and fourteen species. The equipment of the truffle hunter is important. I use a wheel on many trips, as the roads are excellent and the stops are very frequent in some places. It is easily hidden in the brush when I leave the roadways and take to the high hills, and it makes accessi- ble places otherwise out of one’s reach. To the wheel is strapped a small combination rake and hoe with a four-foot handle. This implement is very useful in climbing, raking and digging and fur- nishes good protection in a snake country, as I well know. A short-handled hoe useful for work in thick brush, a trowel, knife, tweezers, lens, kodak, plenty of newspapers and a large number of small pasteboard cartridge boxes obtained at a shooting gallery. These small boxes are very useful in handling the many small specimens or single individual specimens, while large collections are wrapped in the paper. Lunch and thermos bottle complete the outfit, and all are packed compactly in the large canvas bags used by newsboys. These bags ride comfortably with a large load evenly distributed over the shoulders. In the earlier parts of the season the edges of the forests and the small groups of trees are usually the best places for operations, although frequently the dense forest will yield good specimens. 7 PARKS: CALIFORNIA HypoGAEous FUNGI 305 Late in the season the best places are to be found deep in the forest, where the ground retains more moisture. When the col- lector finds a favorable place for operations the rake comes into use and a small area is raked free of leaves and humus. Watch must be kept in the leaves for certain species of Hymenogaster and of Melanogaster are to be expected and occur frequently. These are dark-colored species and are easily missed. Other species will appear entirely exposed on the surface of the earth and some will be just beneath the surface and out of sight. Ex- cavation may be continued to a depth of a foot, at which depth most species will cease to be found. Care should be taken at all stages, especially near the surface, to avoid injury to specimens, but they will often be injured in spite of it, and many of the dark- colored species will require very careful search and sifting of the soil. The rewards are more often blistered hands and an aching back than truffles, but there are also some intensely exciting moments. ; Any account of the underground fungi of the state of California . must of necessity be very incomplete, as a large number of the species have not as yet been determined. The large collections already listed are being continually added to with additional species and variations of the older ones. The variations alone are adding many difficulties to the work of final determination. One benefit has accrued in the many collections, and that is the large number of immature specimens which will provide valuable material for life history studies. Where there has heretofore been a very defi- nite lack of such material, it has seemed at times more readily secured than the mature forms. : Genea compacta Hk. originally collected in Marin County, Cali- fornia. Rare. Ascocarps minute, 5-7 mm., reddish brown, glo- bose with oval opening at apex protected by mass of long inter- mingled dark-colored hairs which arise in clusters and spread fan- like from a series of pyramidal projections arranged at regular intervals around the edge of the apical openings. Minutely and sharply verrucose. Mycelial attachment inconspicuous. Found singly and in large numbers in the vicinity of Alma, spring of 1919. In clay at a depth of over six inches and in light soil among 306 MycoLocia rocks in thick madrone forest at a depth of two inches. Not easily detected, owing to the color, which resembles the dead dry madrone leaves. Harkness describes the plant as minute, up to one centimeter. Dr. Gilkey describes it as 7-10 cm., which is, I think, an error in printing. Very few tubers reach this size. It is noticeable that the hairs protecting the apical opening to the simple cavity disappear as the plant matures and the opening is enlarged. The same arrangement is seen in another Genea re- cently collected. Genea arenaria Hk. described from a single collection made by Harkness. Collected subsequently by Prof. Gardner in the vicinity of Berkeley and appearing occasionally among other species in the collections made in the Santa Cruz Mountains. Not abundant, but widely scattered. Habitat favored is the moist clay soil well under large live oaks, plants appearing singly and among other species on the surface of the soil, but well covered with leaves. Ascocarps light brown, very irregularly folded, sharply verrucose; cavities are very complex owing to the folding of the tissue. Plants attain a size of 2-3 cm. in favorable seasons. Very difficult to see in the ground, as the color often blends with the debris on the surface where it appears. Care is necessary in collecting to avoid damage to specimens growing close to the surface of the soil. A faint brown mycelium is evident around the base of the plant, but is very much localized. ~ Genea Harknessu is widely distributed and very common early in the season. Ascocarps small, black and more or less simple and globose to occasional specimens very complexly folded. Sharply verrucose to the touch, appearing in groups on the surface of the soil well under leaves, under all kinds of shrubs, abundant in old trails and roads overgrown with Baccharis sp. Plants are often missed or damaged unless care is taken to avoid the soil surface with the excavating implement. It has been found here on the surface of the ground without leafy covering, on the edge of a hard-beaten road under madrones. Also found in leafy humus under Arctostaphylos sp. This species has a very distinguishing feature in its earlier stages in the presence of a white floccose mycelial covering, enveloping the entire plant, and with hyphal threads penetrating the chambers. jie PARKS ? CALIFORNIA HiyPoGAEous. FUNGI SOM It is not to be seen in old specimens and very quickly disappears after the plants are taken from the ground. Whether this is a parasite is yet to be determined, but the mycelium of the species is scant and dark colored. I find, however, nearly all plants have this covering, while it is not to be seen in other species so far collected. Genea Gardnerii appears rarely among the specimens of G. Harknessu, but usually somewhat later in the season. It is so close in resemblance to the former species that it is difficult to determine offhand. It is black, verrucose and more complexly folded. It appears on the surface of the ground, but well covered with leaves and in places similar to the preceding form. Genea cerebriformis is collected over wide areas throughout a very. long season. It appears in all kinds of soil, but more abun- dantly in clay soil under oaks. Over one hundred have been col- lected in the month of January in wet clay soil and in the same ground again in April. Plants are minute, usually under one centimeter, but some of nearly 2.5 cm. have been recently found. The plants are white, rarely simple and globose, but more often a formless mass of complex chambers. Usually found below the surface to a-depth of one to three inches, but are rather con- spicuous in spite of the very small size. Recent specimens were found to have a very strong odor and to depart radically in size from the description. Hydnotrya ellipsospora is described from a single collection made in 1909 at Pacific Grove by Prof. N. L. Gardner. It was again reported in March, 1917, when several plants appeared in collections made here. From these the original descriptions were verified. The type of this species is very small, but subsequent collections over four seasons have proven that the type is not rep- resentative of the size of the species. It appears in all localities under numerous trees and in various ways. The fresh plants are a very delicate purple color with a delicate ‘‘ peach bloom” on the surface. This color very rapidly fades and in two or three days is gone, the plants becoming a dull brown. It is frequently found in soft, moist earth at a depth of several inches, but the plants are _ small. They are often very complexly folded, with very large 308 MyYcCOoLOGIA empty cavities. The flesh is very much like certain forms of Peziza. At Alma under pines there were collected a dozen plants in the month of March in very wet ground. These plants were all partly exposed at the surface of the ground and without any leafy covering. The plants in this collection were all over five centimeters in size and one measured nine centimeters in its largest diameter. At Saratoga the species was found under a great depth of humus and again proved to be of very large size, 7 cm., and still later in the season it was found at-Guadaloupe Mines in open rocky ground under oaks. While numerous smaller plants fully matured have been found, these large plants seem to be very com- mon, in so far as this rather rare species may be called common. I think, from my experience, that the plant is widely distributed and abundant in moist years and is rare only for lack of those to collect it. This is large enough and abundant enough to be of value for food purposes, although it is not aromatic. | Tuber californicum is widely distributed and in some seasons -very abundant, especially under oaks in moist clay soil. It is to be found on the surface of the soil or just below the surface. Many specimens are to be had by raking over the leaves of solitary oaks or on the edges of oak forests. Frequently the species attains a size of four or five centimeters, which is rather larger than described. It is white and very conspicuous, globose or roughly lobed, frequently irregular in shape and is sometimes deeply cracked in developing. The gleba is at first white, but later ap- pears to be brown. This effect is seen as the spores arrive at maturity, when it appears to be filled with tiny grains of pepper. Its maturity 1s detected without the aid of a lens. Although this species is edible, it is a trifle astringent to the taste. Aside from this it has no particular flavor. One of the difficulties in collecting ~ this plant for food 1s the fact that small slugs attack it in its early stages and riddle the gleba, leaving in the end only the peridium as an empty shell. Nematodes and larvae of a tiny black fly also infest the plants once they are opened by the slugs. At Alma I have found dozens of the small immature plants in very wet soil early in the season, but later, when they should have reached maturity, not one plant could be seen. Spore dispersal is secured _ ‘by means of the slugs. PARKS: CALIFORNIA. HypocGAnous FUNGI 309 Tuber candidum is the most commonly collected and widely dis- tributed truffle in this State. It is particularly abundant in some seasons in wet clay soil at the Guadaloupe Mines, generally under, the live oaks, but frequently under other trees. It appears late in the winter and continues into the late spring or early summer. April and May seem to produce the greatest amount of mature plants. In places where it is collected in abundance one year it seems to be three or four seasons before it occurs in any large amounts again. The ascocarps are very smooth, pale brown or with a slightly pinkish color, or sometimes, when young, of a dark gray. It is variable as to color and shape. Generally globose or with two or three large.lobes, it is sometimes found with deep furrows traversing the surface; occasionally it is cracked to a depth of several millimeters. The peridium is thick, the gleba is at first white, turning to a pale purple color and finally a rich brown, with a tinge of yellow as it reaches maturity, and the yellow spores fill the tissue. The asci may be seen for a long time during the development of the ascocarp, but the spores are slow to mature. In the middle of March I examined a certain piece of ground and found it barren. ‘T’wo weeks later I collected a pint of mature specimens in it, and repeated two weeks later with some very large specimens. At the next visit, two weeks later, nothing was to be seen but a few empty peridia left by the slugs. Plants are rarely on the surface of the soil, but are just beneath and down to a depth of several inches, and are easily raked up, but care must be used to avoid damaging them ‘or missing them altogether if they are not abundant. Usually they are rather con- spicuous if reddish brown, but if very pale or dull gray they are hard to find. Frequently single plants appear over wide areas, but generally they are in considerable numbers in a small area. They frequently are found in clusters of three or four plants, appearing to arise directly from the spores without any great _ mycelial growth. The mycelial growth seems to be very scant and the plants show no basal point of attachment. Many specimens show where loose, fine hyphae traverse the surface of the ascocarp, but these disap- pear when the plants are removed from the ground. The dis- 310 MycoLocia persion of the spore is secured by the slugs that infest the plants and also by the rodents that sometimes use them for food. The plants have no odor, but are rather nutty of flavor and are abun- dant enough to be useful for food. Specimens this year have measured over three centimeters, which is larger than described for the species. It has been found abundantly in one vineyard near the Guada- loupe Mines, and at Alma I found some fine large plants among the grass roots in a pasture adjacent to live oaks. Tuber lignarium, or what has passed for that species, as col- lected in this district is perhaps the most interesting form so far collected. Described originally as Terfeziopsis lgnaria by Dr. Harkness, the collector, it has been recently placed in the genus Tuber by Dr. Gilkey on a very careful study of the original collec- tion. In its general appearance it is very close to T. candidum. The plants found here differ somewhat from the description of the type, although they have the typical spores with the recurved spines. During the past season it has proven more abundant than T. candidum and is to be found over a wide area and over a long season. 7 Considering its previous appearance in but one collection its occurrence here is of exceptional interest. In the spring of 1917 a small dark brown tuber, always immature, appeared in collections made all through this district. Plants occurred invall eiadsnos ground and under many trees, but generally in association with the oaks. Plants are uniformly a dark brown with areas of a lighter color where the venae externae open to the surface. The plants appeared in abundance on the warm upper slopes of the hills, where the growth is more open and the soil moist and light. Plants are found close to the surface, but usually down to a depth of three or four inches. A long drought occurred and tubers of all kinds were very scarce until the winter of 1918-19. This drought was broken by a prolonged storm early in September of 1918. Over twelve inches of rain fell in three days at the Guadaloupe Mines. Fol- lowing this rain there came a warm, humid spell lasting over a month, which was ideal for the growth of fungi. On the PaRKS: CALIFORNIA HypoGAEous FUNGI oat 27th of September, in an old road well covered with leaves, I col- lected about a dozen small brown tubers fully matured and grow- ing closely together on the surface of the ground. These were typical specimens of Tuber lignarium on the appearance of the spores. The same conditions repeated to some extent in Novem- ber, 1920, and mature tubers were again collected in the same place. These tubers had fully matured since the rains ceased on the 12th of the month. In February of the present year the same brown tubers began to appear under the oaks, and in March they were to be found every- where on the warm upper hillsides, and in April they reached the greatest abundance and maturity. Many of these plants reached a size well over 2 cm. They are very rough in appearance, gen- erally globose or very much lobed, occasionally flattened with the venae externae converging at the apex. ‘The peridium appears to be rough without being verrucose; the tissue cf the gleba is at first white, then becoming a faint purple, and finally brown as the mature spores appear all through the tissue. It is very much like T. candidum in taste and is without odor. There is very little sign of any mycelium and no point of attachment visible. Plants ex- amined in the ground show only a few fine threads traversing the surface of the plant. Frequent clusters of four plants are found together, apparently arising from spores in the same ascus. In cases like this there is a development of one plant at the expense of the others, it seemingly absorbing its food from the surrounding moist ground, so that one will hardly grow at all, the next but little, the third less than average, while the one may be considerably above the average. Geopora Harknessu occurs regularly in the winter and early spring in some abundance usually under the pines all through the mountains. I have found it rarely under the oaks. Globose or irregular in shape, roughly folded tissue, with a very dark brown tomentose peridium and reaching a size of 4-5 centimeters if con- ditions are favorable. The plants are not easily seen under the wet leaves owing to the color. Frequently found on the surface of the ground, but well covered with the pine needles, but very often is to be collected in clay soil fully exposed at the surface. Bre MycoLociIA Hydnotryopsis Setchelli is one of the rarest forms found. It was described from one of the Harkness collections and not re- ported again until found with other rare forms at Guadaloupe. The plants are small and of a clay color with a white gleba. Found in wet clay soil at a depth of three inches. Material col- lected here was sufficient to verify all details of the descriptions which were made from long-preserved material. There have been some additional collections and one that would indicate that the species attains a size of over three centimeters. Delastria rosea has been collected twice, once in an earthy pocket among rock ledges under laurel and once this last season under pines. It is a small inconspicuous plant tinged with red and re- sembles very much one of the small rosy-colored Hymenogasters. It is, in spite of its color, a very rare and difficult plant to collect. The last collection was made in a bed of purple mycelium which was producing a large amount of a species of Elaphomyces. To — be expected under all kinds of trees. Hydnobolites californicus occurs 1n abundance apparently under all kinds of trees and begins to develop very early in the winter and remains up till the first of June. Very slow in maturing and quickly riddled by the slugs. It appears in a vein of coarse white mycelium, to which it is attached by a long, thick rhizomorph, which breaks away very easily. The point of the attachment is easily seen, however. It is a dirty white, compactly developed globose or irregular ascocarp without a thick protecting peridium as in the various species of Tuber. The venae externae open in numerous places to the surface and are very conspicuous in the young plants. It becomes dry and gristly in age, turning to a light brown color. | Several large plants collected late in the season possessed a very. strong musty odor without being in any way decayed. These were found in a bed of mycelium about two inches below the surface of the soil under oaks. As the plants matured they pushed farther toward the surface and finally were severed from the mycelium altogether as they reached the surface of the soil, where they were covered very slightly with dry leaves. Pseudobalsamia magnata occurs. early in the season in wet clay PARKS: CALIFORNIA HypoGAEous FUNGI les soil under oaks and pines, usually at a depth of one or two inches, in close association with a conspicuous mycelium, and usually with a large number of plants in close relation, although not seen in clusters. Although the plants are, as a rule, less than two centi- meters in size, they are conspicuous in color and easily seen. Plants more or less globose or flattened at the apex where the venae externae converge. The peridium is sharply verrucose, somewhat variable in color, gleba white with large asci and spores easily identified. Some plants collected in May and June of this year appear to be this species, but were larger and of a very bright orange color. A variety of this species, var. nigra, has been collected rarely and is little known. What has appeared to be this form appears scattered and solitary on the surface of the ground under laurels. A recent collection of what appeared to be this species, however, gives asci and spores of a very distinct nature and is probably a distinct species, although the general shape is typical of the species. Pachyphloeus citrinius is not at all well known and the collec- tions are all referred with some doubt. It has appeared twice dur- ing the last season in ground that has been searched for the last six years. Just under the surface of the soil under oaks and Heteromeles sp. The surface of the plant is covered with minute warts, is of a dark red color, with several folds near the base, a definite mycelial attachment. Plants are globose and with a very deep opening at the center of the apex where the venae externae converge. The tissue of these plants was blood red. Elaphomyces varicgatus is found at various points pretty well buried in the loose soil. It appears in a conspicuous bed of yellow mycelium and is at maturity a large yellow plant very conspicuous in appearance. It is found from January to June following the moisture zones down the hillsides in dense forests. It develops from two to ten inches deep in the soil and reaches a size of 3-4 centimeters, and is globose, roughly warted, with large cells filled with a colorless tissue making up the gleba. The asci dissolve at a very young stage. In maturity the gleba becomes a powdery dark mass of spores resembling a form of Scleroderma. Endogone macrocarpa occurs in many places as isolated plants, 314 MycoLoGia but occasionally a considerable number will be found several inches deep in the soil under an oak. The plants are dirty white or tinged with a faint rosy color at first, globose, 1-2 cm. in size, and when cut open have the appearance of being filled with grains of sand. In one place I have watched for three seasons for a recur- rence of hypogaei under an oak where this form was found in considerable abundance in March, but nothing of any kind has been found that would throw light upon the future development of this species. DEPARTMENT OF BoTANy, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA. THE HETEROECISM OF PUCCINIA MONTA- NENSIS, P. KOELERIAE, AND P. APOCRYPTA* E. B. MAINS (WitH TExT FIGURES 1-4) Puccima montanensis Ellis, P. Koeleriae Arth., and P. apocrypta Ellis & Tracy belong to the group of grass rusts having long- covered telia to which P. triticina Erikss. and P. secalina Grove (P. dispersa Erikss.) belong. In connection with the investigation of the last-named rusts, which is being conducted by this laboratory in cooperation with the Office of Cereal Investigations of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, some attention has been given to a study of the related rusts of this group as a part of the general rust investigations of the laboratory, for the help which such a study will afford in the solution of cereal rust problems. In con- nection with this work considerable taxonomic study of the mate- rial in the Arthur herbarium has been necessary, which has re- sulted in a partial realignment of the rusts involved and has formed the basis for the treatment of these as finally published in the North American Flora.’ PUCCINIA MONTANENSIS Of the three rusts Puccinia montanensis is perhaps the most dis- tinctive. It was described by Ellis* from a collection upon Elymus 1 Contribution from the Botanical Department of the Purdue University Agricultural Experiment Station. This work is in part a result of the studies being conducted cooperatively between that Department and the Office of Ce- real Investigation, Bureau of Plant Industry, U. S. Department of Agriculture. Read before the Mycological Section of the Botanical Society of America at Chicago, Ill., on Dec. 29, 1920. 2 Arthur, J. C., & Fromme, F. D. Dicaeoma on Poaceae. North Ameri- caneElora 73 325, 330 and 332. 1920. 3 Ellis, J. B. Descriptions of Some New Species of Fungi. Journ. Mycol. He 274. 1893. 315 316 MyYcoLocIa condensatus made by Rev. F. D. Kelsey at Helena, Montana, July, 1891. An examination of the type (Ellis & Ev., N. Am. Fungi 2892) shows that this rust is to be distinguished from the other grass rusts having long-covered telia by the arrangement of the uredinia and telia in lines, by the broad teliospores and the abun- dant thin-walled paraphyses bordering the uredinia (fig. 1). In Fic. 1. Teliospores, urediniospore and uredinial paraphysis fronr the type specimen of P. montanensis (x 400). 1915 Arthur* sowed aeciospores from Hydrophyllum capitatum, obtaining uredinia and telia upon Agropyron tenerum and uredinia — upon Elymus virginicus. This material was determined as Puc- cinia montanensis, and on this basis the Hydrophyllaceous and Boraginaceous aecia of the United States have been considered as belonging to this species. AECIAL RELATIONSHIP OF PUCCINIA MONTANENSIS In the spring of 1919 two collections of Puccinia montanensis, one upon Elymus canadensis and the other upon Agropyron sp., made by H. S. Jackson at Boulder, Colo., Nov. 12, 1918, were found to be viable. On the assumption that they should produce aecia upon Boraginaceous or Hydrophyllaceous species, these col- lections were sown on Myosotis palustris, Phacelia Purshu, Nyc- telea Nyctelea, and Hydrophyllum sp. without obtaining infection. Later in the same summer Mr. E. Bethel sent collections of a rust on Agropyron tenerum, Agropyron Smithii and Hordeum jubatum which he had collected with Dr. G. H. Coons at Mancos, Colo. Accompanying this material was a collection of aecia on Berberis Fendleri, which he stated was so closely associated with the grass rust as to suggest relationship. Such an association did not neces- 4Arthur, J. C. Cultures of Uredineae in 1915. Mycologia 8: 137-139. 1915. MAINS: HETEROECISM OF PUCCINIA sarily mean. a connection between the two forms, as the grass rust _ may have come from aecia upon a plant which had died down and disappeared earlier in the season. Mr. Bethel remarked that the situation was made the more difficult to explain by the absence of Koeleria cristata, the grass host supposedly connected with the Berberis aecia. On this account, and because of the insistence of Dr. Coons that there must be some connection between the aecia upon Berberis Fendleri and the associated grass rust, he sent the material for culture and study. An examination of the material showed that the rust on Berberis Fendlert was Aecidium Fendleri Tracy & Earle, and that on the grasses was Puccinia montanensis. As such a. connection would add an entirely new aecial host in a genus rather far removed from Hydrophyllum, it became impor- tant to establish or disprove this by cultures. The aeciospores, proving viable, were sown and produced infection upon Hordeum jubatum and Hystrix Hysirix. Inthe meantime Mr. Bethel made a sowing in his garden at Denver, Colo., from a part of the same collection of aecia and obtained infection upon Agropyron tenerum. Mr. Bethel was kind enough to send some of this material to me for study. Further evidence of this connection was obtained from cultures made in the spring of 1920. Four collections gave infection upon Berberis Fendlerit. Of these, three were from Mancos, Colo., on Agropyron tenerum, A. Smithu and Agropyron sp., rusted grasses associated with the Berberis Fendleri used in the aecial culture mentioned above. .The fourth culture was from telia obtained by Mr. Bethel at Denver by sowing the above aecial material on Agropyron tenerum. ‘Ten other collections, eight from Colorado and two from Indiana, were sown on Berberis Fendleri without infection. In most of these cases the teliospores germinated weakly, and this may account, in part at least, for the negative results. A careful comparison was made of the material obtained from the above cultures with the type of P. montanensis. It was found that all the material, shown by these cultures to be connected with aecia on Berberis Fendleri, agreed closely with the type of P. mon- tanensis. The uredinia are cinnamon-brown and are provided 318 MycoLoGIa with an abundance of thin-walled, peripheral paraphyses (fig. 2), giving the sori a fringed appearance under the binocular. The : Fic. 2. Urediniospore, uredinial paraphyses and teliospores of P. mon- tanensis obtained from culture of Aecidium Fendleri on Hystrix Hystrix (X 400). urediniospores are 19-26 by 21-34 » and have brown walls and 8-10 scattered germ pores. The teliospores are broad, 18-34 by 325-64 mp (fig. 2), and have rather thick walls. On the other hand, a comparison of the above material with that resulting from the cultures with Hydrophylium aecia mentioned above (Arthur |. c. 4) showed points of marked difference. The uredinia and telia connected with the Hydrophyllum aecia are scat- tered or loosely grouped. The uredinia are yellow and without paraphyses. The urediniospores are 13-21 by 19-25 p» and have pale yellow or colorless walls with 6-8 scattered germ pores. The teliospores are narrow, 13-23 by 32-48 yp, with thin walls except for the apical thickening (fig. 3). On the basis of the above cul- Fic. 3. Urediniospores and teliospores of P. apocrypta on Elymus vir- gimicus obtained by culture with aeciospores from Hydrophyllum capitatum (X 400). tures, therefore, Berberis Fendleri must be considered as the only proven aecial host of this rust. That other aecial hosts exist is a possibility. The geographic distribution of P. montanensis, as indicated by specimens in the herbarium, is British Columbia, Wis- MAINS: HETEROECISM OF PUCCINIA 319 consin, Indiana, southward to New Mexico and southern Cali- fornia, while Berberis Fendleri is limited in its distribution to the mountains of Colorado and New Mexico. Such a difference in distribution, however, would be explained if this rust is not de- pendent upon its aecial stage, but is able to overwinter in the uredinial stage. Mr. Bethel has made observations in Colorado which indicate that such an overwintering may occur there. It 1s probable, however, that part of the negative results obtained by culturing P. montanensis on Berberis Fendleri can be explained only by the presence of races in this rust going to different aecial — hosts. From present information it is impossible to foretell what these hosts may be. They may be other species of Berberis or Mahoma or possibly species of some closely allied family. For the present the most that can be said is that Puccimia montanensis, in part at least, has Berberis Fendleri as its aecial host. AECIA OF PUCCINIA MONTANENSIS A study to determine the identity of the aecia on Berberis Fend- leri obtained from the above-described cultures resulted in finding that they agree with the type cf Aecidium Fendleri Tracy & Earle. This type also was collected at Mancos, Colo., and Mr. Bethel assures me it was collected at the same place where the material used in the above cultures was obtained. The culture material and the type agree in having aeciospores 18-23 by 20-30 p. As aecia on Berberis Fendleri and the closely related Mahonia Aqui- folium have been considered as belonging to Puccinia Koeleriae Arth., it became necessary to make a study of the latter rust in comparison with P. montanensis. PuccINIA KOELERIAE Puccima Koeleriae Arth.’ (p. 247) was based on material result- ing from cultures in which aecia were produced upon Mahonia Aquifolium (Pursh.) Nutt. from teliospores on Koeleria cristata. An examination of the type of this species which was collected by E. Bethel at Ouray, Colo., Aug. 23, 1907, shows that it has scat- 5 Arthur, J. C. Cultures of Uredineae in 1908. Mycologia 1: 225-256. 1909. 320 M YyCoLoOGIA tered uredinia and telia, uredinia with thick-walled (1.5-3 ,), peripheral paraphyses (fig. 4), and narrow teliospores, 15-21 by 45-55 w. In these characters of the uredinia and telia, therefore, Puccinia Koeleriae shows a number of important differences from Fic. 4. Teliospores, urediniospore and uredinial paraphyses from the type specimen of P. Koeleriae. (X 400). P. montanensis and must be considered as a distinct species, while showing relationship in that both possess abundant paraphyses and urediniospores with brown, thick walls and 8-10 scattered pores. PUCCINIA APOCRYPTA A study was made of the rust used by Arthur (1. c. 4) in the cultures of the Hydrophyllum aecia mentioned above, in order to establish its identity. As the result of this study it was decided that the rust in question probably was Puccimia apocrypta Ellis & Tracy. This rust was described by Ellis & Tracy® from material col- lected by Tracy at Cafion City, Colo., Aug., 1887, on “Asprella Hys- trix,’ which host determination Arthur’ (p. 138) has shown prob- ably was an error for Sitanion elymoides. An examination of this material shows that Puccinia apocrypta is very distinct from both P. montanensis and P. Koeleriae, being distinguished by its smaller, paler urediniospores having fewer germ pores and by the absence of paraphyses in the uredinium. Still further cultural evidence of the aecial relationship of this rust was obtained when, in June, 6 Ellis, J. B., and Tracy, S. M. A Few New Fungi. Journ. Mycol. 6: 76-77. 1890. 7 Arthur, J. C. Cultures of Uredineae in 1915. Mycologia 8: 125-141. 1916. /\ — MAINS: HETEROECISM OF PUCCINIA Bval 1919, Mr. G: R. Hoerner sent a collection of aecia on Hydro- phyllum obtained at Corvallis, Oregon. Aeciospores from this collection were sown, obtaining infection upon Elymus virginicus, with a slight development on Elymus canadensis and Triticum aestivum, both of the latter, however, proving not to be congenial hosts. A study of the Elymus virginicus material showed that it agreed with the other material of P. apocrypta. DISCUSSION The foregoing work, while by no means settling the complete aecial relationships of these rusts, has resulted in a realignment of them, which, it is felt, is more in keeping with their morphology. Puccinia montanensis, so long as it was considered as having its aecia on Hydrophyllum, invited comparison with such species as Puccima bromina Erikss. on Bromus and P. secalina Grove (P. dispersa) on rye, both of which have their aecia on the closely allied family, Boraginaceae. From both of these species P. mon- tanensis is distinguished, among other characters, by possessing abundant paraphyses in the uredinium, these being practically lack- ing in both P. bromina and P. secalina. Puccinia montanensis with aecia on Berberis, however, invites comparison with other species of rust with long-covered telia having aecia on species of the Berberidaceae. Such species are Puccinia Koeleriae in North America with aecia on Mahonia Aquifolium and Puccinia Arrhena- thert in Europe with aecia on Berberis vulgaris. Both the latter rusts agree with Puccinia montanensis in possessing abundant para- physes in the uredinium. In Puccinia apocrypta, on the other hand, having Hydrophyllum for its aecial host, we have a rust which with its lack of paraphyses, at least, agrees with P. bromina and P. secalina. It is true that P. apocrypta differs from both of the latter in its smaller urediniospores with lighter colored walls, but similar differences can be found in the grass rusts among those having species of Ranunculaceae for their aecial hosts. It is difficult, of course, to say what other species may serve as aecial hosts for the above rusts besides those shown by culture. It would appear that Puccinia montanensis consists of several races, one of which goes to Berberis Fendleri. It is not possible at the oe MYye€o0LocIa present time to say what the aecial hosts of the other race or races may be, but they are likely to be some other species of the Ber- beridaceae or some closely allied family. Puccimia apocrypta pre- sents a somewhat similar situation. As this rust, however, has been cultured only by sowing aeciospores from Hydrophyllum on grass hosts, no cultures having been successfully made by sowing teliospores upon a series of Hydrophyllaceous and Boraginaceous species, the aecial host range for this species can not be given with certainty. It is probable, however, that besides Hydrophyllum capitatum, which has been shown by culture to be an aecial host, other species of Hydrophyllum and species of Phacelia and Nyc- telea will be found to belong here, possibly connected with different races. Whether the Boraginaceous aecia of this country also be- long here can only be settled definitely by cultures. . It seems prob- able, however, that a part of these aecia will be found to be con- nected with rusts identical with or very similar to Puccinia bromina and Puccima secalina, and presumably will be found to have their connections with Bromus and Agropyron rusts. Puccinia Koe- leriae offers but little information as to its host range, as its aecial connection is founded on only one culture to Mahonia Aquifolium, and it is likely that other Berberidaceous species will be found to serve as hosts. A thorough understanding of these species can be reached only through the gradual accumulation of field evidence of associations such as those obtained by Mr. Bethel and Dr. Coons and by cultures to determine both grass and aecial hosts of such rusts. The presence or absence of races and their limitations within the species and the limitations and relations of the species to each other can be determined only by such methods. To Prof. H. S. Jackson the writer is indebted for helpful sug- gestions from his knowledge of western rusts. Dr. J. C. Arthur especially has given many helpful suggestions, drawn from his large acquaintanceship and work with this group. The writer also is indebted to Mr. E. Bethel and Dr. G. H. Coons for their dis- criminating field observations and for material. DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY, AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION, LAFAYETTE, INDIANA. NEW JAPANESE FUNGI NOTES AND TRANSLATIONS—X TYOZABURO TANAKA Hypopermopsis THEAE K. Hara sp. nov. in Chagyokai (Tea Joarnal) 147: 13-14. T. 8, vu, July,,1919. (Japanese. ) Caulicolous, spots orbicular or irregular, large, light reddish- brown; perithecia superficial, scattered or gregarious, flat, orbicu- lar, elliptical or oblong, simply elongated or slightly curved, black or lacquer-black, later lacerate from the middle giving a somewhat hoary appearance, usually veiled with epidermal tissue of the host, 400-700 » broad, 130-150 pw high, length irregular, wall black, parenchymatous, 40-50 p, thick; asci clavate, oblong-ovoid or short- cylindrical, rounded at the apex, pedicellate at the base, 50-66 x 20-23 p, paraphysate, octosporous ; paraphyses filiform, not forked, equal to or slightly longer than the asci, I-1.5 » across; ascospores oblong-ovoid, oblong or pyriform, both ends rounded, multi- nucleate, 4—6-septate, hyaline, 18-23 x 6-7.5 p. j Parasitic on the trunks and branches of Thea sinensis. Type localities: Shidzuoka-ken. Hamana-gun Huikuma-mura, Nov. 12, 1918 (K. Hara) ; Shidzuoka-ken Abe-gun Chiyoda-mura, Bee @, 1918. CK. Hara.) Spots occur on the woody part of the tea-plant as light reddish- brown, round or irregular patches at least 5 cm. in diameter. Such spots increase their size in various directions, often running to- gether in large irregular patches entirely surrounding the branches. Black perithecial bodies appear on the diseased spots as scattered or crowded minute dots of 0.5 mm. to 1.0 mm. across. The in- fected branches die out in a short time. The Japanese name of the disease: Chaju no Kasshoku Azabyo. (Brown ‘spot of the tea-plant. ) Illustrations: One half-tone plate showing the diseased spot, cross-section of a perithecium, asci (with a paraphysis) and asco- suones.- (Higs. 1, 5, .6°and 8.) 325 324 MycoLociIa STAGNOSPORA THEAE K. Hara sp. nov. in Chagyokai (Tea Jour- nal) 147: 14-15. 1.8, vii, July, 1910. \(Japameses Pyenidia scattered, globose or depressed-globose, 100-150 p in diam., wall parenchymatous, composed of dark brown polygonal cells 4-8 » in diam.; ostiola even or warty, opening round, 15-20 p across; pycnospores elongate-cylindrical or sub-clavate, both ends rounded, 6—11-septate, hyaline, 18-35 x 4-5 p»; pedicels of pyenospores short, arising from the base of pycnidial chamber, 4-6 X 2-2.5 p. Saprophytic on the trunks of Thea sinensis. Type locality: Shidzuoka-ken Iwara-gun Eyjiri-cho, Nov. 24, LOLS. | Ke aray) Illustrations : One half-tone plate showing diseased spots, section of a pycnidium, pycnospores and pedicels (Figs. 13-16). LEPTOSPHAERIA Hottar K. Hara sp. nov. in Chagyokai (Tea Journal) 14°814-15. 1.8, ix, Sept. 1910. \( japameses) Leptosphaeria Hottai K. Hara nom, subnud. in Byocht-gai- Zasshi (Journal Plant Prot.) 6*: 27. T. 8 1y)Ayomiioaes: ( Japanese. ) Spots orbicular or irregular, large, brown, with greasy luster, later darker with minutely crowded dots of perithecia; perithecia superficial, nearly always covered by epidermis, globose or de- pressed-globose, 350-500 pw in diameter, wall carbonaceous, black, thick, especially so at the place touching the host epidermis so as to show more or less clipeus-form, ostiolate at the apex; opening of ostiola round, 30-45 p across; asci clavate or cylindric, apex round, base short pedicellate, 60-70 x 8-10 p, paraphysate, octo- sporous; paraphyses filiform, considerably longer than the asci, usually simple, hyaline, I-1.5 ms across; ascospores biseriate or obliquely tri-seriate, ellipsoid, oblong-ovoid or fusoid, at first unt- cellular and 4-nucleate, later 3-septate with one-sided middle septum, constricted, flavescent, 12-18 x 4.5-5.5 p. Parasitic on the trunks of Thea sinensis. Type localities: Ejiri, Hikuma, Mitsuke and Takabe in Shi- dzuoka Prefecture. The shape and size of the ascospores resemble Leptosphaeria Contothyrium forma Theae, but the shape of the perithecia differ greatly from this species, so a different name is given. — Japanese name: Kuroazabyo (black spot disease). TANAKA: NEW JAPANESE FUNGI 325 This disease was at first discovered by Masazo Hotta at Aratama district, Inasa-gun, Shidzuoka-ken, and reported in the Annual Re- port of Shidzuoka-ken Agricultural Experiment Station (for the fiscal year T.5, 1916). Hara in the Bydcht-gai Zasshi states that the disease is serious in the vicinity of Hamamatsu and also occurs inthe Mie Prefecture. Illustration: One half-tone text figure showing asci, paraphyses and ascospores. (Fig. 6.) SILLIA THEAE K. Hara sp. nov. in Chagyokai (Tea Journal) t4--rre 16, 1, 8; ix, Sept., 19ro. »( Japanese.) Stromata scattered or gregarious, at first immersed, later erum- pent, pillow-shaped or wart-like, sometimes confluent, afterwards with rounded margin adhering to substratum, 0.8—5 mm. in diam., surface orange-yellow or dirty-yellow, rugose with black perithecial spots, inside orange-yellow, somewhat membranaceous in structure, with imbedded perithecia; perithecia globose or ovoid, dark-col- ored, 300-350 x 180-300 p, wall carbonaceous or parenchymatous, dark-colored; ostiola terminal, forming wart-like protrusions on the surface of stroma, opening one, round, 80-100 w across; asci cylindrical or clavate, apex rounded or somewhat mamelon-shaped, base tapering to pedicel, 150-170 x 20-25 p, paraphysate, octo- sporous; paraphyses filiform, forked, longer than or equal to the asci, I-I.5 sw across; ascospores biseriate or irregularly tri-seriate, fusoid, cylindrical or clavate, rounded at both ends, straight, bent or curved, or more or less lunate, with numerous biseriate oil globules, giving the appearance of a septum, 6—II-septate, con- stricted or straight, hyaline, 35-44 x 8-9 p, germinating at both ends. ; Parasitic on trunks and branches of Thea sinensis. Type locality: Shidzuoka-ken Hamana-gun Hikuma-mura, No- vember 11, 1918. (K. Hara.) The affected area first appears on one side of branches or trunks as a spot of dark pink or gray color, and by increasing its size it entirely surrounds the bark, simultaneously spreading upwards and downwards. The stroma then makes its appearance as dirty- yellow or in some rare instances pinkish-yellow spots, raised from the diseased surface like warts or a pillow-shaped elevation or sometimes a button-shaped swelling of o.8-8 mm. in diameter. Perithecial bodies are formed on the stromata as elevated or flat 326 Myco.ocia black spots round in shape. Such spots are solitary or run to- gether to form warts of irregular outline. The dying out of the diseased portion is rather slow, occurring two or three years after the infection. The surrounding area of stromata often develops a greenish color which looks attractive in comparison with pink stromatic bodies. Suggestions for control: (1) Diseased branches should be re- moved and destroyed by fire; (2) infected areas on trunks should be peeled off and disinfected with grafting wax or a similar sub- stance; (3) to prevent the disease the woody part of the tree» should be washed with Bordeaux mixture. Japanese name of the disease: Chaju no Samehada-byo (Shark- skin disease of the tea-plant). Illustration (Fig. 7, on p. 16): One half-tone text figure show- ing asci, paraphyses and ascospores (one germinating). AscocHyTa THEAE K. Hara sp. nov. in Chagyokai (Tea Jour- nal) 141°: 13-14. T.8, x, October, 1919. ~Clapanesey Pyenidia punctiform, globose or depressed-globose, 80-120 ph, wall membranaceous, consisting of dark-brown carbonaceous po- lygonal cells 5-10 pw in diam. ; ostiola apical, even or papillate, open- ing simple, 10-12 mw across; pycnospores ellipsoid, cylindric or subovoid, both ends rounded or truncate, uniseptate, dividing into homogenous or slightly unequal locules, provided with a large oil globule in each locule, not constricted at the septum, hyaline, J=iO X33. 5-4. 504. Parasitic on the leaves of Thea sinensis. Type locality: Shidzuoka-ken Abe-gun Okawa-mura, October 24, 1018, C§Keehiare.) Found occurring on tea leaves infected by Exobasidium reticu- latum. ¥ Illustration: One half-tone text figure showing pycnospores. (Fig. 8, on p. 14.) VatsA THEAE K. Hara sp. nov. in Chagyokai (Tea Journal) 14/1: 15-16. ‘F: 8, xi, November, ro19, (Japaneses) Stromata scattered, at first immersed, later erumpent, black, punctiform to the naked eye, conical, apex projecting, black, typ1- cally Valsa-like; perithecia annular, 5-10 or more on one stroma, Ny TANAKA: NEW JAPANESE FUNGI 327 globose or depressed-globose, 200-350 mw broad, 130-170 yw high, wall fungoid-parenchymatous, black, 12-15 mu in thickness; ostiola separate but grouped, elongate, 30-300 pw long; asci clavate’ or cylindrical, rounded at the apex, narrowed into pedicel at the base, 25-30 X 4—5 p; aparaphysate, octosporous ; ascospores distichous or irregularly distichous, cylindrical, rounded or truncate at both ends, usually curved in one direction, rarely straight, hyaline or flavescent, 5-10 X I.5-2 p. Parasitic on weakened trunk of Thea sinensis. Type locality: Shidzuoka-ken Hamana-gun Hikuma-mura, De- eetamert2, 1918. . (K.. Hara.) Illustration: One half-tone text figure showing cross-section of a stroma with perithecia, asci and ascospores. (Fig. 9.) Notes: There are two species of Valsa found on the tea-plant, but it is still undetermined which causes the die-back of the trunk. The other species not described here has no stroma, though it re- sembles this species in other respects. The latter is left unnamed until its characters are more fully studied. DraTryPE THEAE K. Hara sp. nov. in Chagyokai (Tea Journal) mero 1.8, xi, November, 1919. (Japanese. ) Stromata subepidermal, later erumpent, oblong or linear, 1-2 mm. long, 0.5-1 mm. wide, cross-section oblate-urceolate, slightly rounded at the upper part, flat or somewhat concave at the base, with a broad neck at the top, cinereous, more or less parenchyma- tous; perithecia deeply immersed in the stroma, globose or ovoid, 300-330 pw high, 100-170 p in diam., wall parenchymatous, dark colored, 15-30 » thick, long ostiolate; ostiola penetrating the stro- matic neck, opening round, 20-25 p» across; asci clavate or obovoid, apex usually narrowed, rarely swollen and rounded, base tapering very much into a filiform pedicel, 20-40 x 6-8 p, aparaphysate, octosporous; ascospores cylindrical or fusoid, rounded at both ends, straight or curved, plane or nucleate at both ends, hyaline or flavescent, 7—-II x 2-2.5 p. Saprophytic on the trunks ef Thea sinensis. Type locality: Shidzuoka-ken Abe-gun Okawa-mura, October BATTS. - (KX; Hara.) Differs from Diatrype stigma (Hoffm.) Fr. in the shape of the stromata, also from D. Hochelagae E. & E. in the aparaphysate asci. The former is found in the same village where the present species was discovered. | 328 | MyYCOLOGIA Illustration: One half-tone text figure showing infected trunk, cross-section of a stroma, asci and ascospores (Fig. 12). HENDERSONIA THEAE,K. Hara sp. nov. Chagydkai (Tea Jour- nal) 14'?:; 22-23. .T. 8, December, 1919. (Japanese) Pycnidia globose or depressed-globose, 60-130 » in diam., im- mersed, later slightly erumpent, pycnidial wall parenchymatous, composed of angular cells of 4-7 in diam., apically ostiolate; ostiola papillate or warty, with opening II-I5 m across; pycno- spores broad-ellipsoid or broad-fusoid, broadest near the middle, narrowed toward both ends, at first hyaline, finally changing to yellowish-brown, 3-septate, somewhat constricted, 7-10 x 4-5 uw. Parasitic on the leaves of Thea sinensis. Type locality: Shidzuoka-ken Abe-gun Okawa-mura, October 24, 197S.* Key Elara:) Folicolous, appearing mostly at the leaf tips on spots that in- crease their area downward by degrees toward the leaf base with definite but undulating border lines. The infected area is at first dark brown, but later it changes color, becoming gray, and minute spottings of fungus bodies appear somewhat sparsely on the sur- face. The lower surface of the diseased area is light brown in color. | Illustration: One half-tone text figure showing an infected leaf, a section of a pycnidium and pycnospores. (Fig. 13, nos. I, 2, 3.) Since March, 1919, Kanesuke Hara has been publishing in - Chagyokai (Tea Journal) a series’ of papers dealing with the diseases of the tea-plant, 1n which he describes a number of new species of fungi. The translations given here and in the last num- ber of New Japanese Fungi (Mycologia 12°: 330-332) -cover nearly all of those published in 1919; the rest of his new species will be given in the subsequent numbers of this series. BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY, WASHINGTON, D. C. irate ‘bis SOME OF THE WAYS OF THE SLIME-MOULD Tuomas H. MAcBRIDE A recent volume by Professor D’Arcy W. Thompson, bearing the terse title “ Growth and Form,” seems to me for the mycologist very suggestive, and to that extent, at least, one of the most useful among the books of later years. A paragraph from its pages might form the text for the discussions of the present paper. After developing at length and very clearly the various problems of tension, particularly as determined by molecular attractions, in liquids mass-tensions, surface-tension and their interactions, the author applies to 4thalium, a common slime-mould, the same principles applicable to so much water, assuming the myxomycete to have the same specific gravity, and both liquids placed for ex- periment under similar conditions. The paragraph, too long for quoting here, is noteworthy for two reasons: in the first place it presents, as is believed, the first citation of a slime-mould anywhere or at any time in a court of physical research; and in the second place, it is the first attempt, so far as I have noted, to refer the phenomena especially characteristic of the organisms in question to forces purely physical in nature—i.e., to such as are familiar to the laboratories of purely physical science. In these days of refined and beautiful physical research chemical and physical reactions are so interrelated that only the most accom- plished expert in either or both fields may venture their mention,. not to:say discussion. The present writer makes no pretension; but there are in the life history of the slime-moulds certain pecu- liar facts, patent to ordinary observation, always worthy of study and, as it would seem, deserving, for thorough apprehension, not to say comprehension, all the help that physical science may afford. Professor Thompson’s argument is very helpful, and yet—as illus- trating the way of the slime-mould—permit me to summon the chief offender. In 1876 Sachs in the one-time classic Physiology, discussing 329 300 3 MyYcCOLoGIA protoplasm, refers to 4thaliwm and goes on to say: “It may happen that the substance creeps up the stems of plants a metre high and moves in the form of thin threads becoming collected above on large leaves as thick cakes the size of the hand... . There remains no doubt whatever that we have here to do with a structure which resembles in every detail the circulating protoplasm in living plant cells, only its mass is relatively extraordinarily large.” What we have to account for is the continuous stream that car- ries on until apparently the source of supply is exhausted, and accumulates at considerable elevation masses to be weighed in ounces, say, half a pound. It matters not that ascent was made a meter high; a centimeter high would do just as well, as far as that goes. I have photographed the same thing, eight feet above its base of operations, seated in the crotch of a vigorous bur-oak tree. It is an old story. Men have been watching the phenomenon for two hundred years. Linné saw the-mucors, as he called them, but was less a student. The greater man by far, the greatest mycologist the world has known, devotes pages to our problem. Fries says in Systema Mycologicum: “Often have my eyes, not without peculiar pleasure, watched the transition from weak be- ginnings to the perfection of complete development. The celerity in most of them is marvellous. At one time (for safe carriage) I deposited the plasmodium of a Diachea in my hat, and within the space of one hour it had covered the greater part of it with its elegant white net work.” It must not be supposed that the outer head of the great Swedish student, no matter how brilliant the brain it covered, left the inner surface of the hat any less free from what, for cytoplasm, printers might term “ objectionable matter,” than would be the case did the hat cover the best brushed and tended human capital to be found in Chicago, and yet I have no doubt whatever of the accuracy of the Friesian narrative. Permit me to cite a more recent observation: On the shore of an Jowa lake, not far from the water edge, I found one morning in July, 1909, a plasmodium emerging from beneath a boulder and ae MACBRIDE: WAYS OF THE SLIME-MOULD SH beginning the ascent of the overhanging face. Over the boulder I turned a tight, wooden box. In course of a few hours I found on the summit of the boulder, eight or ten inches high, as fine an 4ithalium as anyone could wish to see. At the same time the vertical box wall showed plenty of belated, ascending streams, no doubt intended for a second 4#thalium somewhere within the over- turned box. I have cited this last example because it seems to me to afford the simplest illustration we are likely to have, at least in the field, of the problem with which biophysics has to deal. The plasmo- dium, 1.e., the 4thalium of the physicist, in every case, we may assume, the same,—a mass of naked protoplasm, made up of myriads of minute, almost undifferentiated living cells, so associated as to be undistinguishable, at least in life,—is to the physicist a fluid, homogeneous, only slightly more dense than water, if at all; subject to desiccation, but not at all aquatic, requiring for translative move- ment, not a wet surface, not at all,—such perhaps in a measure pro- hibitive-—but probably best an invisible film, such as the moist atmosphere of summer might lend to any slightly cooler surface; too dry, doubtless as a matter of course, unfavorable. Of course, there can be no movement here as elsewhere, unless there is re- sistance, some point d’appui; so having considered the athlete, let us now consider the Matterhern of his ambition. | Of the three instances of accomplishment, the second, the Fries- ian episode, may be now neglected as offering no special matters of distinction; if we are to overcome gravitation at all, the living stem of the growing plant would seem to afford highway most practicable, covered, we may suppose, with inequalities, points, projections of every sort as it surely is. This seems really of small advantage, if not a hindrance, to be surmounted; the glaucous glabrous shaft of /impatiens found in practice, useful for ascent as any other. Let us study, then, the lake-side case. Here the journey was made around the blunt edge of an overhanging shelf; the action of gravity not only contrary to the general course of progress, but also in part (vertically) athwart it, as if to pull the climber from its hold. . Nevertheless, as stated, and in abundant measure, the oon MycoLocIa journey was accomplished, no doubt on schedule time. Just why this journey was made it is hard to say, in view of the patent fact that for the plasmodium many another was quite open; much easier of accomplishment one would say, since other courses lay on the level, or even, gravity now favoring, downward amid recesses of rotting leaves and wood, whence the fountain welled. ABthalium is surely not geotropic, nor hydrotropic, since it now moved from these directions; neither was it heliotropic, ner even phototropic, in its turning; the gloom of the overshadowing box affected not the culmination of some overmastering push with which the move- ment started. Thermotropism there may have been, but the heat difference between the upper exposed portion of the boulder and that buried slightly in the forest mould could hardly have been great. In any case, light and warmth had been for days quite as tempting as in the hour the movement started; the impulse must have some other probably internal physiologic origin; doubtless some change molecular, since the outcome is maturity and fruit. The biologist might go on to say that since the myxo is repro- duced by spores distributed by air currents, or perchance the wind, only such fruits as rise above the general, local level have superior chances in the game of life; success is with those that climb; how the climbing is accomplished the biologist does not say. But here the physicist may help us much. He steps in to say that every fluid drop or mass meets its environment by a skin, a film in tension, surface-tension, and this in case of your plasmodic stream holds fast sufficient to prevent gravity from pulling your hardy climbers from the Matterhorn, even from the overhanging. shelf; while some internal, molecular changes in the cytoplasm itself, doubtless of physiologic import as the biologist suggests, sends the climber up and on to the fulfilment of physiologic function. But 4thalium. furnishes a special case. Not every myxo is by any means so rich either in material or equipment, but all aspire; generally speaking, all, even the most minute, show strange ambi- tion, strive to reach upward or outward, if but a little way toward the open air. The behavior of thalium (most students say Fuligo) is strange enough, but the fruiting performance of some a hal MACBRIDE: WAYS OF THE SLIME-MOoULD BOO of the more delicate species is more wonderful, more marvelous still. The keen-eyed Swede, in what he could see with the lenses of a hundred years ago, never ceased his expressions of wonder; they are on every page: According to his theory, vegetation is always a matter of expansion, fruiting of contraction. And so when the plasmodium of some Trichia, Craterium or Arcyria, oozing up from its hidden nutritive base, began to spread before him in hun- dreds of thread-like streams covering the whole upper surface of some forest-shaded log or some bed of smouldering leaves, he was charmed ; sat watching hour by hour, until over the whole field the threads began to break; rallying points not distant far from one another appearing along each filmy line, he was delighted; con- traction succeeded expansion and he was satisfied. But when he returned perhaps on the following day to find that from every point a tiny stem had arisen, each surmounted by a glistening spherule large enough, unless perfectly erect, to bear the little stem to earth, his admiration knew no bounds; he said, “I find nothing more wonderful in all the world of plants.” We of today, seeing so much better and knowing so much more exactly the substance with which we have to deal, may, if we stop to reflect, be no less surprised than was our old-time master. We, far better than did he, know the nature of that thready stream, and may be moved perhaps to greater wonder when it ascends and stiffens several millimeters above the general level, and ends by bearing a sphere upon the expanded summit. I am free to confess that I watched the procedure long before I learned its methods. 3 Any such mass of naked protoplasm as that we now discuss shows to ordinary observation a differentiated ectosarc, in appear- | ance not very different from that which it incloses, but still dis- tinct. This ectosarc, then, above occupies no doubt the field of surface-tension. As the physicist has taught us surface- and mass- tension are and remain in relative equilibrium as obedient to some internal force, the currents of the plasmedium push their varied way. But onée in the physiologic history of the organism, the tension equilibrium is at any point disturbed in favor of the mass, BVA MycoLoGIa the ectosarc at that point yields; the inner cytoplasm follows, usually in direction normal to the basic surface, aided, of course, now by relatively increased surface-tension pressure on each side. As the ectosarc is thus carried up, it becomes, by desiccation per- haps, steadily fixed, from below upward, in position as in form, becomes indeed a capillary tubule closed entirely above by a film of ever-diminishing thickness. Against this continues the mass- pressure of the inner cytoplasm, spore-plasm it shall be, squeezed by increasing surface-tension from below, helped now no doubt by the capillarity of the hollow stem, until the upper remaining mem- brane, stretched to extreme tenuity by uniform pressure, becomes spherical in shape, and receives, so far as possible, all the cytoplasm from below, ready for conversion into spores. That we have hit upon the correct solution of our problem is, in this case, further evidenced by the circumstance that sometimes the surface-tension at the base begins to lessen before all the spore- plasm has reached the summit and, equilibrium attained, part of the more vital endosare remains below, lodged in the hollow stem. Here, with such success as may be, spore formation takes place as in the camera above, and the discerning taxonomist then writes, “stipe stuffed with spores, cells, capillitial threads, etc.” Such are some of the ways of the slime-mould, some of the devices by which it uses earth’s various forces and conditions. The botanist tells us what he can see, viz., what his favorites can do, and possibly why they do it;'the man of hydrostatics tells us how, once started, they effect their wonders; but of the molecular energy which still, over and over again, sends flood to fructifica- tion, and fruiting back again to flood, by constant, predetermined ways and paths, we still say little; that remains no doubt the gen- eral resultant of all those multifarious actions, reactions, attrac- tions and repellings, which everywhere condition the manifestation of what we know and feel as life, and know and say no more. STATE UNIVERSITY oF Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa td rca NOTES AND BRIEF ARTICLES [Unsigned notes are by the editor] Professor Arthur H. Graves, formerly of Yale University, has been called to the Brooklyn Botanic Garden to take charge of the Department of Public Instruction and to devote as much time as possible to mycological work. | Mr. E. J. Butler, Director of the Imperial Bureau of Mycology, Kew, England, who has made a tour of parts of the United States in the interest of pure mycology, visited the Garden on August 18 and sailed shortly afterward for England. Dr. K. Miyabe, Professor of Botany in the Imperial University at Sapporo, Japan, called at the Garden August 20 and 22 on his fet from tie Conference of Cereal Diseases held at St. Paul, Minnesota. He sailed from San Francisco September 17, having been in the United States since the first of July. Dr. E. A. Burt, of the Missouri Botanical Garden, visited the Garden on August 16 to examine certain species of Clavaria in the mycological herbarium. He had examined material of this genus at Albany, Cambridge, and elsewhere, and returned to St. Louis by way of New York and Philadelphia. Mr. A. A. Pearson, Treasurer of the British Mycological So- ciety, visited the Garden early in October before he sailed home to England. He was much interested in our native fungous flora and made several excursions into the woods to collect and study the more conspicuous forms of fleshy and woody fung1. Dr. G. R. Bisby has applied for leave of absence from the Man1- toba Agricultural College at Winnipeg, beginning October, 1921, to accept a position with the British Imperial Bureau of Mycology, 33) | 306 M YCOLOGIA of which Dr. E. J. Butler is Director, with headquarters at Kew Gardens, London. The address is 17 Kew Green, Kew, Surrey, England. A disease of English ivy caused by Bacterium Hederae has been studied and described at Paris by Arnaud (Compt. Rend. for 1920). The symptoms are said to resemble those produced on beans in America by Pseudomonas Phaseolh. Isoachlya, a new genus of the Saprolegniaceae, was described by Kauffman in the American Journal of Botany for May, 1921. Three species are included, J. toruloides Kauffm. & Coker being new and the other two transferred from Achlya and Saprolegnia. Professor Buller has recently sent me a reprint of his article, entitled “ Die Erzeugung und Befreiung der Sporen bei Coprinus sterquilinus,” which was published in the Jahrb. f. Wissensch. Bot. in 1915. It contains 30 pages of text and 2 handsome double plates. Mr. Weir finds that not only Thelephora terrestris, but also T. fimbriata and T. caryophyllea, are injurious to coniferous seedlings in the Northwest, owing to their habit of growing up about them and strangling them. See Phytopathology for March, 1921. Miss Bessie Etter has published in Phytopathology for March, 1921, an article describing the equipment necessary for making successful field cultures of various wood-rotting fungi. Corn- meal agar and malt agar gave the best results for initial inocula- tions. Miss Wakefield, the mycologist at Kew, has recently published a paper of 20 pages on the “ Fungi of New Caledonia and the Loyalty Islands.” She was assisted by Mr. Massee on certain ; groups and Mr. Cotton named the Clavarias. Eight new species are described. NoTES AND BrIeF ARTICLES ° Son Plans for the summer field: meeting of cereal pathologists, July Ig-22, at University Farm, St. Paul, Minnesota, included excur- sions to grain fields, elevators and mills in the vicinity of Minne- apolis and Fargo. A number of foreign plant pathologists were in attendance. Professor Massey, of Cornell University, has found by an ex- periment covering a period of three years that crown canker, _Cylindrocladium scoparium Morg., causes a loss in the case of Ophelia roses grown under glass of about ten blossoms, or one dollar, per plant. See Phytopathology for March, 1921. Barlot has experimented with various chemicals for color reac- tions to distinguish poisonous and non-poisonous species of Ama- nita. (Compt. Rend. 170: 679-681. 1920). For example, he found that three deadly species turned black when treated with drops of fresh blood to which potassium ferrocyanide had been added. A paper by Saccardo, entitled “ Mycetes Boreali-Americani,”’ which appeared in the Nuovo Giornale Botanico Italiano for 1920, includes notes on 98 species oi fungi sent by Weir from the North- west for determination. Thirty of these species were described as new, most ‘of them in the groups with which Saccardo was familiar. ——__—___. Investigations of Cronartium ribicola in 1920 by Pennington and others brought out two very important points: that species of Ribes are often killed by intensive outbreaks of the fungus in a definite area, and that the aeciospores may be blown an indefinite number of miles and cause new infections on Ribes. See Phyto- pathology for April, 1g2t. A glume blotch of wheat, caused by Septoria nodorum Berk., has been under observation for three seasons about Fayetteville, Arkansas, and Mr. H. R. Rosen has now published an account of it in Bulletin 175 of the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Sta- tion. He considers it next in importance to leaf rust as a disease of wheat in Arkansas. 338 MycoLociIa Povah has studied poplar canker, caused by Cytospora chryso- sperma, in an area near Syracuse, New York, where the trees were weakened by fire, and he finds that in this area 68 per cent. of the poplars were infected and over 30 per cent. killed. Three species of poplars were observed and subjected to inoculation ex- periments. See Phyiopathology for April, 1921. A long illustrated paper en “Cultural Studies of Species of Actinomyces,’ by S. A. Waksman, appeared in Soil Science for - August, 1919. This is a notable contribution to our knowledge of soil organisms, the importance of which is being more and more recognized. The paper contains a key to the species of Actino- myces based chiefly on biochemical characters. Mr. Paul C. Standley has called my attention to an article by Hans Schinz, entitled ‘Der Pilzmarkt der Stadt Zurich der Jahre 1918 und 1919 im Lichte der stadtischen Kontrolle,” published in Vierteljahr. Naturf. Gesell. Ziirich, vol. 56, p. 530. The control of mushroom markets must come in this country as soon as wild mushrooms are offered for sale in any quantity. A dangerous tobacco disease has appeared in the southern United States, according to Smith and McKenney, apparently due to Peronospora Hyoscyami, which was originally described by DeBary from the black nightshade of Europe. This downy mil- dew attacks the tobacco seedlings in the plant beds, causing great havoc. In Florida, Bordeaux has proven more effective than in Australia, but spraying experiments are still incomplete. Entoloma albidum Murrill, a species originally described from Stockbridge, Massachusetts, is reported by Dr. H. D. House as the cause of violent illness when eaten by a family of five in Albany late in August, 1921. Specimens were submitted to me for identi- fication. Entoloma lividum, of Europe, is dangerously poisonous, and American species of this genus are naturally under suspicion, but few of them have been tested. NoTES AND BRIEF ARTICLES Sire) “The Fungi of Our Common Nuts and Pits” is the title of an interesting and important paper recently contributed by Dr. C. E. Fairman to the Proceedings of the Rochester Academy of Science. Both saprophytic and parasitic fungi are included among the hun- dred or more species listed. About thirty species and one genus are described.as new. The six plates are unfortunately rather poor, but doubtless serve their purpose. Silver-leaf disease, caused by Stereum purpureum, occurs on a variety of trees and shrubs in England, the hyphae of the fungus being always present in the stem and roots of plants that are at- tacked, but never in the leaves. Infection takes place through wounds. There is a false silver-leaf disease, apparently not due to fungous attack, which must be carefully distinguished. See Bintner in Kew Bull. Misc. for 1919. I am sending under separate cover some specimens of Calostoma Ravenelu which I collected on my farm near Conway, Kentucky. The plants were growing in a clay bank along a wooded roadside where the soil had been disturbed within a year or two. The farm lies between the blue grass and the foothills. I had never seen a Calostoma before and was wonderfully interested in the find. The collection was made September 6, 1921.—Bruce Fink. A fine specimen of what appears to be the rare Stereum peta- lodes Berk. has recently come in from Las Ninfas, Cuba, collected there by Brother Hioram in midwinter. Professor Burt, to whom a part of the specimen was sent, writes me: “] presume it must be this species, as you determined. I have not seen the authentic specimen of this species at Kew, but should I ever cross the water again I have noted this specimen for comparison with the original.” The correspondence of Schweinitz and Torrey, the two domi- nating figures in American botany during the early part of the nineteenth century, has been collected and published by C. L. Shear and N. E. Stevens as a memoir of the Torrey Botanical Club, dated July 16, 1921. There is also included a list of the 340 MyYcCOLoGIA publications cited, prepared by Florence P. Smith, and biographical notices of persons mentioned in the correspondence, contributed by. J. Ey ‘Barnhart: A new leaf-spot of the so-called Egyptian lotus caused by Alter- naria Nelumbu is described and figured by Enlows and Rand in Phytopathology for March, 1921. It appears as very small, smooth, reddish-brown flecks, which increase to a diameter of © 5-1omm. No perfect stage was discovered, but the conidial stage appears to possess great longevity. This disease was first observed by Rand in 1913 at Kenilworth, D. C., and at the New York Botanical Garden. : In Department Circular 177 of the U. S. Department of Agri- culture, prepared by Martin and others, a method of treatment is outlined for ornamental pines affected by blister-rust. It is claimed that “infected ornamental pines can be saved by properly cutting out the diseased parts, if the work is done in time. The best results will be obtained in the spring, and success depends upon finding and completely removing the cankers. Tree surgery of this kind can be performed by the owner at small cost.” Farmers’ Bulletin 1187 of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, by W. W. Gilbert, deals in a popular way with the chief diseases of cotton and their control. Wilt, caused by Fusarium vasin- fectum, is controlled by the use of resistant varieties and crop rota- tion. Anthracnose, due to Glocosporium Gossypi, also requires rotation and resistant varieties, care being taken to use only per- fectly healthy seed. Bacterial blight requires the same treatment as anthracnose. Other minor fungous diseases are also described in this bulletin. A’ new budrot disease of Cannas due to Bacterium Cannae is described and figured by Mary K. Bryan in the Journal of Agri- cultural Research for May 2, 1921. Infection takes place through the stomata and spreads through the intercellular spaces of the parenchyma of leaf-blade, petiole and stalk. The disease is most NoTES AND BriEF ARTICLES 341 destructive early in the season, that is, on young plants. It begins in the hothouse and continues in the open beds. It destroys the buds, forms large unsightly spots on the leaves and ruins the blos- som clusters by blighting the flower buds or by decaying the stalk. No means of control has yet been worked out. T received from Dr. Overholts last August a fresh specimen of Poria semitincta which was colored a beautiful, delicate lilac (lilacmus) on the margin for a centimeter or more, while the hymenium was entirely white or with dirty pale-yellowish-white stains. The following note accompanied the specimens: “T am sending you under separate cover a fresh specimen of Poria semitincta Peck. I do not know how familiar you may be with the fresh coloration in good specimens of this species, and it is worth seeing. The color gradually fades in herbarium speci- mens, and a collection of October, 1919, with colors as in this specimen has now almost faded out. This is my fourth collection, and I have had it twice from correspondents.” An excellent professional paper of one hundred pages on “ Damping-off in Forest Nurseries,’ by Carl Hartley, appeared last June as Bulletin 934 of the U. S. Department of Agriculture. Damping-off in nurseries is caused mainly by seedling parasites which are not specialized as to host; Pythium Debaryanum and Corticium vagum are probably the most important of these. The most serious losses in conifers are ordinarily from the root-rot type of damping-off, occurring soon after the seedlings appear above ground and while the hypocotyls are still soft. The best control method appears to be the disinfectant treatment of the seed- bed soil before or immediately after the seed is sown. Sulphuric acid has been found very useful for conifers, as they are appar- ently especially tolerant of acid treatment. Broad-leaved tree seed- lings rarely suffer seriously from the attacks of damping-off fungi. The British Mycological Society is interested in a collection of type cultures to be assembled and maintained at the Lister Insti- tute, Chelsea Gardens, London. It is proposed to collect and BAZ MyYcoLoGIA maintain cultures of fungi of importance in phytopathology, medi- cine, veterinary science, technology and soil biology. types useful for teaching purposes and any rare or interesting species. The cooperation of bacteriologists and mycologists is earnestly invited, and in return every effort will be made to supply the needs of applicants for cultures. In the case of fungi it is necessary at present to restrict the collection to fully identified species. Cul- tures will be supplied on demand, so far as possible, to workers at home and abroad, and, as a rule, a small charge will be made to defray the cost of media and postage. Annual lists of the fungi in the collection will be published in the Transactions of the British: Mycological Society. The Journal of Agricultural Research for April 15, 1921, con- tains an important illustrated article by Annie May Hurd on seed- coat injury and viability of seeds of wheat and barley as factors in susceptibility to molds and fungicides. An unbroken seed coat ordinarily affords absolute protection against attack of living seeds by Penicillium or Rhizopus, while the location of a break in the seed coat determines the ability of these and other saprophytic fungi to invade seeds, either in the soil or in storage. If the mjury is over the endosperm, 100 per cent. fatal infection results when the spores of Penicillium or Rhizopus are present; but if it 1s over the embryo, the seeds remain practically immune. The vitality of seeds is also a factor in determining the ability of Penicillium and Rhizopus to attack them. The damage that will be done to seed wheat by the copper-sulphate treatment for smut and by sapro- phytic fungi can be predicted by examination of the physical con- dition of the seed. All these troubles can be reduced by greater care in threshing the seed wheat so that the seed coats are not so badly broken. According to Korstian and others in the Journal of Agricultural Research for May 2, 1921, chlorosis has been the most serious problem encountered in the successful production of coniferous nursery stock at a nursery in southern Idaho. The disease affects all coniferous species grown in this nursery. With chlorosis were NoTES AND BRIEF ARTICLES 343 associated poor growth of roots, stems and leaves, failure to form normal terminal buds, and susceptibility to winter injury. Chlorosis in western yellow pine at the Pocatello Nursery has been definitely corrected by spraying with ferrous sulphate at 10- day intervals. Similar, though less decisive, results were obtained with Douglas fir. A one per cent. solution in amounts sufficient ~ to wet the tops thoroughly proved the most satisfactory treatment. A two per cent. solution ultimately caused chemical injury to prac- tically all the plants. In a region of more frequent rains the stronger solution might be better. The control of chlorosis in jack pine and western yellow pine at the Morton Nursery in Nebraska by spraying with a one per cent. solution of ferrous sulphate has given such evidence of success that it has been adopted as a part of the regular nursery practice. “The Relation of Plant Pathology to Human Welfare” was presented by F. L. Stevens as an invitation paper at the Chicago meeting last winter and published in the American Journal of Horny tor june, 1921. The author deals ina very interesting and convincing way with some of the achievements of plant pathology, as well as with some of the problems still to be solved. The following extracts may awaken interest and lead to a careful perusal of the entire paper: The magnitude of the annual loss incurred in the United States alone through plant disease in diminution of yield and loss of produce is far greater than it is generally conceived to be. In 1919 the total loss with fifteen principal food products is estimated at nearly a billion and a half dollars. Among the late continental arrivals is the pine blister rust, which 1s under such headway that it seems to be impossible of extermination. The value of the susceptible pines is such that the loss may readily reach a hundred million dollars. ‘The chestnut-bark disease caused a loss of $25,- 000,000 from 1904 to 1911. Much more serious is the loss to be borne as it invades the great chestnut forests of the Appalachians Citrus canker, imported from Japan about 1910-1 i bidsstair to ruin large industries. As increased long-distance communication gives intercontinental transport to disease, so congestion of crop o44 MyYCOLOGIA population creates a bridge by which the casual organism may more readily pass from plant to plant or from farm to farm. In these two conditions, facility of transportation and congestion of crop, we find, to a large degree, explanation of the fact that plant dis- eases are more prevalent now than formerly. What is the nature of the return that plant pathology has given ¢ The achievements may be summarized briefly as falling within seven great categories demonstrating the value of: protective ap- plications, sprays and dusts; excision; seed steeps; general sanita- tion leading to diminution of infective material; breeding for dis- ease resistance; modifications of agricultural practice; quarantine restrictions. Of all the categories mentioned, perhaps the least dependent upon science and the most empirical is that relative to disease resistance, since some of our most valuable resistant va- rieties have been given to us by farmers, while many of the’ most susceptible have been eliminated naturally. During recent years, however, knowledge of Mendelism and of biologic specialization has added a very important, truly scientific aspect to this somewhat empirical subject. | It is to be observed that the great discovery of the parasitism of the fungi and the founding of bacteriology and the development of its methodology, together with the early foundations laid through the years in histology, mycology, taxonomy and physi- ology, have furnished the bases on which plant pathology has made its advance. Aside from these there have been few, if any, great fundamental contributions. The problems of disease résistance and wherein it lies are obviously important. Enzymes and toxins will repay much study. That group of mysterious diseases includ- ing the mosaics and peach yellows holds a secret the discovery of which may well be revolutionary in pathology. But since the problems now before us are more intricate than those of the past generation, they demand concentration, larger breadth of equip- ment, longer periods of sustained research on a given problem, in a word, greater specialization, and this often needs to be accom- panied by cooperation of widely separated branches of science or of distinct sciences. eng) adie aan ial NoTES AND BrireF ARTICLES 345 In Research Bulletin 48 of the Agricultural Experiment Station ‘of the University of Wisconsin, devoted to Fusarium Resistant Cabbage, Professor Jones and his co-workers summarize the pres- ent status of this important series of investigations as follows: “Tt is evident that individual variation in degree of suscepti- bility or resistance to Fusarium has been found to occur with every variety of cabbage tested on ‘yellows sick’ soil. Experi- ence to date justifies our confidence that this resistance is due to heritable differences and that, therefore, through the selection of such resistant heads from ‘sick’ soil, a Fusarium-resistant strain may be secured of any of the standard cabbage varieties. Our experience indicates, moreover, that through careful and repeated selection this resistance may be combined with any of the other desired qualities of the standard commercial varieties, such as season of maturity, length of stem, tenderness of leaf, shape and compactness of head. In other words, resistance does not seem to be incompatible with any other of the commonly recognized varti- ables of the cabbage. All our experience indicates that Tisdale’s conclusions relative to the flax wilt hold true for the cabbage, that resistance 1s probably determined by multiple factors. The degree of resistance is, therefore, duc to the combination of these, and in all cases in our experience it is partial or relative, not absolute. Moreover, this explanation is consistent with our experience that after proceeding to a certain stage with our present methods of selection little or no further progress as to disease resistance is made. ‘This is also consistent with our general experience that the best results have in each case been secured through growing a selected head in isolation and thus securing seed through self- pollination, but that when the benefits were once secured in this way with our best selections mass culture has been followed to advantage. , “Our plan of procedure, justified alike by theory and practice, is as follows. After securing a strain showing a satisfactory de- gree of resistance, combined with the other desired characteristics, we release it for commercial distribution. Thereafter our interest is primarily confined to such cooperation as is required for the maintenance of these essential standards. To this end we con- 346 MYcCOLOGIA tinue to grow each year a few hundred plants of each of these types in trial rows on soil that is ‘sick,’ 1.e., thoroughly infested ° with the cabbage Fusarium. From these plants further selections are made with the aim of maintaining the best standards both as to type and disease resistance. Of course, there is opportunity for minor gains in this way, but our experience has not indicated that much improvement is to be expected in this direction. The sur- plus seed thus obtained is placed in the hands of the local cabbage growers’ committee for commercial increase in such manner as will best maintain general standards of excellence.” REVIEW OF KLEBAHN ON LIFE HISTORIES OF ASCOMYCETES Haupt-und Nebenfruchtformen der Askomyzeten. Eine Darstellung eig- ener und der in der Literatur niedergelegten Beobachtungen tiber die Zusam- menhange zwischen Schlauchfruchten und Konidienfruchtformen, von Hein- rich Klebahn. Erster Teil Eigene Untersuchungen, Leipsig, Verlag von Gebriider Borntraeger, 8, 1918, pp. 395. text figs. 275. This is one of the papers prepared for the memorial volume to Dr. Ernst Stahl in celebration of his seventieth birthday. The author is already well known for his investigations of the life histories of ascomycetes as well as rusts. As an introduction, previous work on this subject from the Tulasne Brothers and Fuckel down is briefly reviewed. The life histories of the fungi covered in this part of the work, including about 40 species and varieties, mostly pyrenomycetes, have been determined or verified by the author. The second part, which is promised later, is to cover similar work of other investigators on this subject. This work will be of great value to all mycologists and pathologists, as the various papers which have been published on life history studies are much scattered and frequently inaccessi- ble to students and sometimes to investigators. Most of the life histories reported are based upon pure cultures from ascospores. In many cases inoculation experiments were also made. The genus Mycosphaerella is taken up first and the life histories of 7 species, occurring on various hosts, are described. In some of the species Septoria was found to be the pycnidial stage; in others the form produced was Phleospora. ‘The author suggests NotTES AND BrieEF ARTICLES 347 that the form genera Septoria and Phleospora, though separate, are very closely related, and hence keeps their ascogenous forms together. In certain other species of Mycosphaerella, as M. punc- tiformis, M. Fragariae and M. maculiformis, Ramularia is shown to be the conidial form; while in other species, as M. cerasella, a Cercospora is produced. The author concludes, therefore, that in spite of the morphological similarity of the ascogenous forms of the various species of Mycosphaerella they are no more closely related than their corresponding lower spore forms. Cercospora is said by the author to be closely related to Ramularia, but is con- sidered distinct in lacking chains of conidia and in the color of the mycelium when young. In culture Cercospora is said to be strik- ingly different from Ramularia. On account of these differences: in the lower forms found in the species of Mycosphaerella studied, three new generic names are proposed: Septorisphaerella, Ramu- larisphaerella and Cercosphacrella. This is an innovation in nomenclature which needs serious con- sideration. The purpose of these compound names is evidently to suggest at once the life history of the fungus by combining the names of the perfect and imperfect stages. In the first place this plan seems to set aside all claims of priority for previous generic names and apparently proposes the substitution of entirely new names for genera as fast as their life histories are known. This. alone is a radical departure from established usage. It would also - lead to frequent violation of the rule against sesquipedalian names.. To be consistent in the application of this method it would be: necessary to combine the names of the various form genera in cases where 3 or 4 spore stages or form genera are known to belong to the life history of a single organism. The combination of so many different generic names in one would evidently be impracticable. Supposing, however, that the plan were feasible; in the present state of uncertainty as to the types of genera and the application of generic names such combinations would be un- certain in their significance arid would not mean the same thing to different mycologists. The reviewer is forced to conclude, there- fore, that however laudable the author’s purpose in adopting these new names, there is much more to be said against the plan than LOG it. 348 : MycoLocia Another fact might well be considered in this connection. The author recognizes that there are species of Mycosphaerella which have been found to have Ascochyta or Diplodina and Cylindro- sporium as lower spore forms, and he also finds Phyllosticta pycnidia present in species of his Septorisphacrella and Ramulari-— sphaerella. ‘The experience of the reviewer has shown that in Glomerella, Melanops and other ascomycetes the same species will sometimes produce one form of conidial or pyenidial fructification and at other times another form, and occasionally two or three forms in succession ina single culture. It appears, therefore, that, in pure cultures from single ascospores, there is at present no cer- tainty of securing all the spore forms belonging to the life history of the organism in a single culture, or in a few cultures. Some- times no lower spore form is obtained, as the author indicates in some of his species, and he concludes as a result that the species possesses no such form. He cites in support of this conclusion the fact that in closely related rusts certain spore forms are lack- ing, whereas in others they are present. Evidence of this sort is entirely untrustworthy in the reviewer’s opinion. It seems much more reasonable to expect that, if at one time we obtain a Ramu- laria or Cercospora and at another time, from the same or a very similar species, obtain a Septoria or Phleospora, both the conidial and pycnidial form may belong to both species; but for some un- known reason have not both developed in either case. Potebnia, a former worker in Klebahn’s laboratory, also expresses this view in discussing Mycosphaerella cerasella, in which only a Cercospora type was produced. He says that by analogy we must assume the existence of the Phleospora-Septoria type in this species also. The reviewer has demonstrated (in MSS.) that such cases occur in Melanops, where in one series of cultures from ascospores only a Dothiorella is produced and in another series from the same species, so far as can be determined by morphological characters, and from the same host, only a Sphaeropsis or Diplodia spore form is produced. It is a notorious fact that ascocarps are rarely produced in cul- ture when the conidiospores or pycnospores are used as a starting point; but one would scarcely feel justified in concluding from Notes AND BrieF ARTICLES o49 this that all of the forms behaving in this way are autonomous and have no ascospore stage. Until we know vastly more about the factors which determine the sequence and development of the various spore forms, it is futile to predict that, when cultures from ascospores produce ascocarps directly, the species lack lower forms; or that, when they produce pycnidia or conidia, this is the only lower spore form they possess. The author very aptly remarks that there are many unknown factors yet to be determined in regard to the behavior of these organisms under cultural conditions. The life histories of various species of Gnomonia follow, the author including under this genus what have been called Ophio- gnomonia, Gnomoniella, Linospora and Hypospila. The conidial forms of most of these species are referred to the form genera Gloeosporium, Marssonina, Asteroma and Leptothyrium. The only conclusion he is able to draw from the great variety of lower spore forms obtained is that, if the various intermediate states which occur between conidial and pycnidial fructifications are rec- ognized, it may be said that the lower forms of Guomonia all be- long to the Melanconiaceae. It seems evident that much more study and comparison of the — morphological characters and the correlation of further life history studies are needed in order to determine the generic and specific relationships of the species and genera discussed. In conclusion the author discusses and illustrates the life his- tories of several discomycetes, including Entemopeziza S oraueri, Pseudopesiza ribis, P. Populi-albae and P. salicis. Asa result he concludes that species of Gloeosporium, Marssonina and Eniomo- sporium are conidial conditions of these fungi, and that also species of Gloeosporium, Marssonina and similar fungi belong to species of Gnomonia. He, therefore, is of the opinion that the relation between these discomycetes and the pyrenomycetes mentioned is very close. ida | The reviewer believes, however, that this relation is not nearly so close as suggested, and that the author’s conclusion is perhaps due to a misinterpretation of the form genera mentioned. Gloeo- sporium, for example, as used by Saccardo and others, includes a 350 MyYcoLoGIa most heterogeneous group of spore forms having only the most superficial and general characters in common, and the large num- ber of so-called species when carefully studied morphologically and in culture are: found to consist of very different organisms which should be placed in very different genera on the basis of a thorough knowledge of their morphological characters alone. The author expresses the belief, however, that an improvement of the present taxonomy of the imperfect fungi can only be ex- pected when their connection with their perfect stages is known. The phytopathological importance of such knowledge is also indi- cated, as the ascogenous form found on dead plant parts, and hence usually regarded as a saprophyte, may carry the parasite over winter and be the source of new and unsuspected infections in the spring. As to which was the primitive spore form, he says: “ Little is known as to whether the original form of fructification was ascog- enous or conidial.” Brefeld’s views regarding the relation of asci to sporangia he does not consider tenable in the light of our present knowledge. The evidence thus far accumulated by the author and others would seem to justify the belief that further studies of the life histories of the ascomycetes and of the morpho- logical and cultural characters of the various spore forms or stages will furnish most important clues to the taxonomy and phylogeny of this great group of fungi and make it possible to present a more natural system of classification than we have at present. The numerous clear text figures given are indispensable in inter- preting the work and getting exact ideas of the forms discussed. The text is less involved and more easily read than that of many German scientific writers. It is to be hoped that the author will continue these valuable studies and that the second part of the work may soon appear. CLaSHpar ry e a i INDEX TO AMERICAN MYCOLOGICAL LITERATURE Adams, J. F. Rusts on conifers in Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania mer. Exp. Sta. Bull. 160: 3-30. f. r-ro. D 1919. Adams, J. F. Sexual fusions and development of the sexual or- gans in the Peridermiums. Pennsylvania Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 160: 31-76. pl. 1-5 & text fig. I-S. D 1919. Allen, R. F. Resistance to stem rust in Kanred wheat. Science ieshares75, 570. 24.Je 1921. Barrus, M. F. Physiological diseases of potatoes. Rep. Quebec Soc: Protect. Plants 9: 45-53. 1917. [lIllust.| Bryce, P. I. A fungus club attacking the oak scale. Rep. Que- peer oee, 1 rotect. Plants 9: 110; Til. 10917. Bryce, P. I. Can we improve potato storage methods? Rep. @uebee Soc. Protect. Plants 11: 53-58. 1. 8. ‘1910. Burlingham,G.S. Some new species of Russula. Mycologia 13: 129-134. pl. 7 & f. 1-6. 1921. Six new species from New England. Cook, M. T., & Martin, W. H. Potato diseases in New Jersey. Never, xp. Sta. Circ, 122: 1-39.\ f. I-27. F 121. Cook, M. T., & Poole, R. F. Diseases of sweet potatoes. N. J. Neen. Sta, CITC.123 7 1-24. 7; 1-17. Ap 1927. Coons, G. H. Cherry leaf spot or yellow leaf. Mich. Agr. Coll. Guar Bull. 3: 92-96.. F 1921. | lust.] Dickson, B. T. Some plant diseases in the greenhouse. Rep. Quebec Soc. Protect. Plants 11: 46-48. pl. 3, 4. 1910. DuPorte, E. M. Insect carriers of plant diseases. Rep. Quebec Soc. Protect. Plants 11: 59-65. 1919. : Durand, E. J. New or noteworthy Geoglossaceae. Mycologia 13> 164-187., 1921. | Includes 2 new species of Trichoglossum. Fawcett, H.S. Some relations of temperature to growth and in- fection in the Citrus scab fungus Cladosporium Citri. Jour. Piotr. Res, 21; 242-253. 216 My ro2t. dol Don: MycoLoGIA Fawcett, H. S. The temperature relations of growth in certain parasitic fungi. Univ. Calif. Publ. Agr. Schsqvaes-232: I-in, 20 My 1921. : Folsom, D. Potato. leafroll. Maine Agr. Exp.-Sia, Buller: 37-52. f. 26-35. Ap 1921: Fromme, F. D., & Wingard, S.A. Varietal susceptibility of beans to rust. Toe Agr. Res. 21: 385-404. pl. 690-73. 15 Je 1921. Garman, P. The relation of certain greenhouse pests to the trans- mission of a Geranium leafspot.. Univ. Maryland Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 23°: 57-80. f: 1-8. © 1920. Glover, W. 0. Blister canker of apple and its control. N. Y. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 485: 1-71. pl. 1-15 & f. 1-8. Ja 1921. Harter, L. L., & Weimer, J. L. Respiration of sweet potato fungi when grown on a nutrient solution. jour. Agr. Res. 21: 211- 220 TO ew lyeatO2 te Hartley, C. Damping-off in forest nurseries. U.S), Dept en. Bull. 934; 1-09, pl. 1 GY 1-20, 16 Je 192m, Herre, A. W. C. T. Supplement to the lichen flora of the Santa Cruz Peninsula, California. Jour. Washington Acad. Sci. 2: 380-386. I9 S 1921. Includes Thelocarpon albomarginatum sp. nov. Jamieson, C. 0., & Wollenweber, H. W. An external dry rot of | potato tubers caused by Fusarium trichothecioides Wollenb. Jour. Washington Acad. Sci. 2: 146-152. f. z. 19 Mr 1912. Jones, L. R., Walker, J. C., & Tisdale, W. B. Fusarium resistant cabbage. Univ. Wisconsin Agr. Exp. Sta. Res. Bull. 48: 1-34. f. 1-10. N 1920. Kniep, H. Uber Urocystis Anemones ( Pers.) Winter. Zeitschr. Bot: 13:/280=e810. plese o1e2r. Krieger, L. C. C. Common mushrooms oi the Licuen States. Nat. Geog. Mag. 37: 387-439. pl. 1-16 & 38 figures. My 1920, Krout, W.S. Treatment of celery seed for the control of Septoria blight. Jour: Agr: Res, 217 360-372 ° 71 Je.n02m Kunkel, L. O. A possible causative agent for the mosaic disease of corn. Bull. Exp. Sta. Hawaiian Sugar Pl. Assoc. 3: I-15. pl. 4-15. & fF t,.24 0 I r02h. Lee, H. A. Black spot of citrus fruits caused by Phoma citricarpa INDEX TO AMERICAN MycCoLoGICAL LITERATURE - tah MeAlpime. Philipp. Jour. Sci. 17: 635-641. pl. r-4.. 20 Ap TOA. Lee, H. A. The relation of stocks to mottled leaf of Citrus trees. Philipp. Jour. Sci. 18: 85-93. pl. 1-3. Ja 1921. Long, W. H. Notes on new or rare species of rusts. Bot. Gaz. 9230744. 16. Jl 1921: Includes new species in Gymnosporangium (1), and Ravenelia (3). Martin, W. H. Studies on tomato leaf-spot control. N. J. Agr. Peeps ota. Bull. 345: 1-42. pl. r & f. tr. N 1920. Matz, J. La enfermedad de la raiz en el café. Puerto Rico Dept. fe.y. (rab. Circ. 32::1-10. © 1920. — [Iilust.] Matz, J. Ultimos desarollos en la pathologia de la cana de azurcar. Piterto!| Rico Dept: Agr. y Trab. Circ. 33: 32-36. D 1920. McCulloch, H. L. A bacterial disease of Gladiolus. Science II. aids, 110, 5Au 192T. Bacterium marginatum sp. nov. McMurran, S. M. Walnut blight in the eastern United States. Pree eWept. Aor. Bull. 611: 1=7: pl. 1,2. .10 D. 1957. Moxley, G. L. Some vacation lichens. Bryologist 24: 24, 25. TO2T. Orla-Jensen, S. The main lines of the natural bacterial system. Jour. Bact. 6: 263-273. My 1921. Osterhout, W. J. V., Thaxter, R., & Fernald, M. L. Lincoln feare middie, Science Il.-54: 9. a) Jl-192T. Patouillard, N. Clathrotrichum, nouveau genre d’hyphomycétes. Bulle Soc. Myc. Prance 37 323-35. 15 Ap 102i. Priore, G. L. Il verderame dei tabacchi occidentali.. Boll. Tecn. he diguit. Sci. -operim:. | abacco'18:.3—11... Mr 192t. Pritchard, F. J. Relation of norse nettle (Solanum carolinense ) to leafspot of tomato (Septoria Lycopersict). Jour. Agr: Res. 21: 501-5006. pl. 95-99. 1 Jl 1921. Rand, F. Vi, & Cash, L. C. Stewart’s disease of corn. Jour. mien Ives. 21: 267, 204, 16. My 1927. Rapp, C. W. Bacterial blight of beans. Oklahoma Agr. Exp. Sta, ull 137 :.1-30. fo—27.. “Jl1920. Reinking, 0. A. Citrus diseases of the Philippines, southern Cina, Indo-China and Siam: Philipp. Agr. 9: 121-1709. pl. I-I4. 10921. | 354 Mycowocia Reinking, 0. A. Diseases of economic plants in Indo-China and Siam. Philipp. Agr. 9: 181-183. °F 192m. Richards, B. L. Pathogenicity of Corticium vagum on the potato as affected by soil temperature. Jour. Agr. Res. 21: 482-495. pl. S8-93. 1 Jl 1g2t. Schmitz, H., & Daniels, A.S. Studies in wood decay. I. Labo- ratory tests on the relative durability of some western coniferous woods, with particular reference to those growing in Idaho. School Forestry Univ. Idaho Bull. 1:.1-11. Jl 1921. Schmitz, H. Studies in‘ wood decay. II. Enzyme action in Polyporus volvatus Peck and Fomes tgnarms (L.) Gillet. Jour. Gen. Physiol. 3: 795-800. 20 Jl 1921. — Shear, C. L., & Dodge, B. O. The life history and identity of “Patellina Fragariae,’ “ Leptothyrium macrothecwum,”’ and “ Pesziza Oenotherae.’ Mycologia 13: 135-170. pl. 8-10 & f. I-5: 1921. Shear, C. L., & Stevens, N. E. [Editors.] The correspondence of Schweinitz and Torrey. Mem. Torrey Club 16: 119-300. Aly O57.. mou ieo2t. Smith, E. F., & Godfrey, G. H. Bacterial wilt of Castor bean (Ricinus communis L.). Jour. Agr. Res. 21: 255-262. pl. 55- 67: f:2. S10 My re2 Smith, E. F.. & McKenney, R. E. B. The present status of the tobacco blue-mold (Peronospora) disease in the Georgia-Florida district. U.S. Dept. Agr. Circ. 181: 1-4. 7 fe oat Spegazzini, C. Algunas observaciones relativas a las hojas de Coca (Erythroxylon Coca Lam-).. Anal. Soc) Cienieireen- tina 90: 23-32. 1920. Includes new species in Sphaerella (1), Ravenelula (1), and Protomyces COE Spegazzini,C. Sobre algunas enfermedades y hongos que afectan las plantas de “agrios” en el Paraguay, Anal: Socwirene Argentina 90: 155-188. 1920. [IIlust.] Includes Amylirosa, Ephelidium, Pseudohaplosporella, Pseudodiplodia, gen. nov. and new species in Odontia (1), Eutypella (1), Eutypa (1), Cryptospo- rella (1), Ustulina (1), Didymella (1), Melanomma (2), Lophidiopsis (1), and Amylirosa (1). Stahel, G. De Sclerotium-ziekte van de Liberiakoffie in Suriname hy % x 7? aS INDEX TO AMERICAN MycoLocicAL LITERATURE 300 veroorzaakt door Sclerotium coffeicolum nov. spec. Dept. Landb. Suriname Bull. 42: 1-34. pl. 1-171. Ja 1921. Stevens, F. L. Bacteriology in plant pathology. Trans. Am. Meron SOc. 307~-5-12.. Ja 1917. Stevens, F.L. ‘The relation of plant pathology to human welfare. Am. Jour. Bot. 8: 315-322. 1921. Sydow, H. & P. Notizen uber einige interessante oder wenig bekannte Pilze. Ann. Mycol. 18: 178-187. Ap 1921. Includes Rhizogene gen. nov. Thaxter, R. Preliminary descriptions of new species of Rickia and Trenomyces. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts & Sci. 48: 365-386. FOL. . Includes new American species in Rickia (1), and Trenomyces (4). Tisdale, W. H., & Griffiths, M. A. Flag smut of wheat and its eammol l.-S.-Dept.- Agr. Farm. Bull. 1213: 1-6. f. 1, 2. My 1921. Tisdale, W. H., & Jenkins, J. M. Straighthead of rice and its control, U.S. Dept. Agr. Farm. Bull..r212: 1-16. f: 1-6.- Je 1Q2I. Weimer, J. C., & Harter, L. L. Glucose as a source of carbon for certain sweet potato storage-rot fungi. Jour. Agr. Res. 21: 189-210. 16 My 10921. Weir, J. R., & Hubert, E. E. Forest disease surveys. U.S. Dept. Mer Bull, 658: 1-23. f: 1-23. 12 Je'1918. Weiss, H. B. Diptera and fungi. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 34-85-88. 30 Je 1927. Weston, W. H. The occurrence of wheat downy mildew in the Wied States. -U..S:-Dept. Agr. Circ. 186: 1-6. Je 1921. Zundel, G. L. Smuts and rusts of northern Utah and southern Idaho. Mycologia 13: 179-183. 1921. INDEX TO: VOLUME OGuM New names and the final members of new combinations are in bold face type Abies, 92; lasiocarpa, 103 Abronia, 21 Acef, ‘140, 154; 157% campesire: 1527 rubrum, 165 Acetabula, 218; ancilis, 69 Acetabularia, 217 Achras Zapota, 62 Achyla, 126, 336 Acrospermum, 64; Maxoni, 64 Actinomyces, 338 Adams, J. F., Observations on the in- fection of Crataegus by Gymno- sporangium, 45 Aecidium, 234, 276; Allenii, 108; Aquilegiae, 233; Ceanothi, 233; Clematidis, 233; -Rendleri, 317,- 316, 319; hydnoideum, 234; Impatientis, 233; JameSianum,” -233"0) macto- sporum, 233; magnatum, 233; mo- noicum, 233; Pammelii, 233; Phry- mae, 233; pustulata, 233; roesteli- Cides, 1024 Sambuci) 9233; (Siiphi, 233. 5 imllacis 234 Aethalium, 329, 330, 331, 332 Agaricus campester, I19, 275 Agave, 284 ATropyron, VO, 36,1317, 422° Smitnig, 316, 3173; spicatum, 104; tenerum, 104, 109, 316, 317 Agrostis palustris, 111 Aleuria )ancilis; ~ 60); sapicalata, 970); macropus, 229 Aleurodiscus, 199, 267, 273; macro- dens, 190 Alnus rhombifolia, 97 Alternaria Nelumbii, 273, 340; Solani, 126 Amanita, °63,. 1154 cothumnata: 127.1); muscatia, 271; -opantherina,. 270, 271; \pantherinoides, «271 ;> ‘vel tipes, 271 Amelanchier, 235; Jonesiana, 103, 107; mormonica, 102; oreophila, 108; polycarpa, 103; prunifolia, 107; utahensis, 107 Ampelopsis, 165; quinquefolia, 165 Amylirosa, 354 Anchusa officinalis, 236, 246 Anderson, P. J., and Ickis, M. G,, Massachusetts species of Helvella, 201 Andropogon leucostachys, 289 Anemone, 19 Anthostomella Rhizomorphae, 115 Antirrhinum majus, 109 Apium graveolens, 191, 199, 269, 270 Aquilegia, 19 Arabis, 22 Arctostaphylos, 306 Arcyria, 333 Aristida portoricensis, 288, 299 Armillaria mellea, 58, 64 Arthur, J. C., Memoranda and index of cultures of Uredineae, 1899- 1917, 230; Nineteen years of cul- ture work, 12 Aschersonia, 298 Ascochyta, 348; Theae, 326 Ascomycetes, Review of Klebahn on life histories of, 346 Aspergillus flavus, 2773) miger, 2745 Oryzae, 277 ‘Asprella Hystrix, 320 Aster, 16; arenarioides, 235 Asterina, 282 Asteroma, 349 Astragalus, 105; humistratus, 105; Sonorae, 106 Atriplex hastata, 16; spatiosa, 105 Auerswaldia, 290; Miconiae, 289, 290 Azalea, 64 rosea, 105; Baccharis, 306 *Tt has been considered unnecessary to include here the species listed in the four following articles, since they are already indexed or specially listed. Arthur: Memoranda and index of cultures of Uredineae, 1899-1917. See Dp. 237. Diehl: The fungi of the Wilkes expedition. Overholts: Some New Hampshire fungi. See p. 40. See p. 26. Zundel: Smuts and rusts of northern Utah and southern Idaho. See p. 179. 396 ies INDEX TO VOLUME XIII ONG Bacillus amylovorus, 58; radicicola, 189; radiobacter, 189 Bacterium Cannae, 272, 340; Hed- erae, 336; marginatum, 353; solana- cearum, 266; tumefaciens, 2, 3, 4, 6, Fao MO.) LO, 11 Bagnisiopsis, 289; peribebuyensis, 289 Balansia, 287, 288, 297; subnodosa, 287, 288 Behavior of crown gall on the rubber plant, I Behavior of telia of Puccinia graminis in the south, The, 111 Berberis, 317, 319, 321; Fendleri, 316, B74, a167319, 321; trifoliolata, 113; vulgaris, 321 Beta vulgaris, 105 Bolete from Porto Rico, A new, 60 Boleto-lichen, 204, 207; vulgaris, 219, 229 Boletus, 56, 204, 207; albus, 225, 228; incarnatus, 87; leucophaeus, 212, 229; lilacinus, 92; nitidus, 94; san- guinolentus, 90; vitellinus, 172 Botrytis, 277 Bouteloua curtipendula, 101; race- mosa, IOI Brachysporium Trifolii, 126 Brodiaea Douglasii, 110 PEOmMts, 0, 621, 2225 ciliatus, 234; tectorum, IOI Bryophyllum, 7 Bucida buceras, 291, 300 Bollaria, 233 Burlingham, G. S., Some new species of Russula, 129 Caeoma.confluens, 102; occidentalis, 107 California Hypogaeous fungi—Tuber- aceae, 301 Calostoma, 339; Ravenelii, 339 Cancers, Studies of.plant, 1 Ganew 05266, 17, 234-7 aquatilis, 235; gracillima, 17; lanuginosa, 235; ne- braskensis, 103, 235; pubescens, 17; trichocarpa, 235 Carpinus, 157 Cassia fistula, 293; grandis, 293, 300 Castanea, 158; dentata, 165; vesca, 155 Catacauma, 276 Cercis, 165; canadensis, 165 Cercosphaerella, 347 Cercospora, 347, 348 Ceriomyces communis, 194; flavi- porus, 194; subtomentosus, 194; tomentipes, 194; viscidus, 194 Ceuthospora, 156; concava, 155, 163, 164, 167; phacidioides, 156; Rubi, Tot. 163,104 Chamaesyce Greenei, 106; rugulosa, 106 ’ Chardon, C. E., A contribution to our knowledge of the Pyrenomycetes of Porto Rico, 279 Chenopodium, 20; album, 20, 105 Chloris petraea, 289, 299 Chrysopsis horrida, 107 Cicada septendecim, 82 Cicada, A fungous parasite of the, 72 Cirsium arvense, 109 Gitrusyys 95104,2097,.273).274) 275,277; 2353.5 NODIIIS)-275 Clavania 325 Cladochytrium, 114 Cladosporium Citri, 351 Clathrotrichium; 353 Clematis, 19; Flammula, 19; ligustici- Folia, 19, "F033 .vitginiana, To Cleome, 20 Clitocybe, 42; dealbata, 42, 44; su- dorifica, 44, 198 Clitocybe sudorifica as a poisonous mushroom, 42 Coccolobis nivea, 115; uvifera, 283, 299 Cocos nucifera, 295 Cogswellia, 104 Coleosporium, 63; Ribicola, 106 Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, 272 Conocephalum conicum, 196 Contribution to our knowledge of the Pyrenomycetes of Porto Rico, 279 Coprinus sterquilinus, 336 Cornus, 140, 165; canadensis, 165 Coronaria myrtifolia, 158 Corticium salmonicolor, 197; vagum, 125, 341, 354 Cortinarius, 118 Crataegus, 45, 48, 195; Calpodendron, 49; coccinea, 49; coccinioides, 49; Crus-galli, 49; Jesupi, 49; macro- sperma, 49; Margaretta, 49; neo- fluvialis, 49; pausiaca, 49; pruinosa, 49; punctata, 49, 235; straminea, 49; succulenta, 49 Crataegus, Observations on the infec- tion of, by Gymnosporangium, 45 Crateriun=333 Creonectria Bainii, 284; grammico- spora, 284; ochroleuca, 284; rubi- carpa, 285 Cronartiums 108: Comandrae,’ 106; filamentosum, 106; occidentale, 108; pyriforme, 106; ribicola, 64, 337 Crown gall on the rubber plant, 1 Crucibulum, 115, 116; vulgare, 65.115 Cryptobasidium, 274 Cryptosporella, 354 Culture work, Nineteen years of, 12 358 MycoLociIa Cultures of Uredineae, 1899-1917, Memoranda and index of, 230 Cup-fungi, Photographs and descrip- tions of, 67 Cupressus thyoides, 86, 95 Cyathea, 298 Cyathus, 115, 116; fascicularis, 65, 1155 Striatus, Oc tn 5 Cycloporus Greenei, 57 Cylindrocladium scoparium, 337 Cylindrocolla faecalis, 56, 62 Cylindrosporium, 195, 348 Cytospora chrysosperma, 124, 127, 338 Dacryomyces, 136, 153) 155 3 lythri, 152, °TO2) 163. 167 Daedalea, 177; sulphurella, 177 Datura. 272 Delastria rosea, 312 Dendrophoma, 62 Descriptions of cup-fungi, Photo- graphs and, 67 Diachaea, 330 Diatrype Hochelagae, 327; stigma, 227. nede. 327 Dicaeoma, 114 Didymella, 354 Diehl, Ws W, > ihe stunei’ of) the Wilkes expedition, 38 Diplodia, 125-348 > tapax,.125 Diplodina, 348 Dirca, 19; palustris, 234 Discina,. 67,685) ancilis, 708; OO.a719+ apiculata, 69, 70; convoluta, 69, 70, 713; helvetica, 69; leucoxantha. 68, 69, 71; perlata, 68, 69; Warnei, 69 Discina, North American species of, 67 Distichlis, 18; spicata, 16, 20 Dodge; .B..O., and Shear @-Gl.) the life history and identity of “ Patel- lina Fragariae,” ‘“ Leptothyrium macrothecium,”’ and “ Peziza Oeno- therae,”’ 135 Dothichloe, 286, 287, 288, 297; Aris- tidae, 287, 288, 299; atramentosa, 286, 287, 2805-200 > nigticans. 267.5 subnodosa, 287, 288, 299 Dothidina, 290; Miconiae, 289; peri- bebuyensis, 289, 300 Dothiorella, 348 Drepanocarpus lunatus, 292, 300 Duchesnia, 165; indica, 165 Durand, E. J., New or noteworthy Geoglossaceae, 184 Echinodontium tinctorium, 116 Elaphomyces, 302, 312; variegatus, 313 Elasmomyces, 194; russuloides, 193, 194 Elvela, 203, 204, 2073 \albella 210: fuliginosa, 219; infula, 209; Mitra, 212; monacella, 2r25 pallida, ero. Pineti, 204; spadicea, 225 Elvella, 204, 207 Elymus, 19, 112; nr3gnaustealise amr TI2, 113; canadensis, 104;'91@ 327; condensatus, 103, (104.3) se aa counii, 104; virginicus, 19, 316, 318, 321 Empusa Muscae, 82 Endogone macrocarpa, 313 Entoloma albidum, 338; lividum, 338 Entomopeziza Soraueri, 349 Entomophthora arrenoctona, 74; Au- licae, 80; caroliniana, 74; Muscae, 813; pseudococci, 80 Entomosporium, 349 Ephelidium, 354 Epichloe, 287, 288; nigricans, 288 Epilobium, “140, 147, ° 55, eos eeem= gustifolium, 165; spicatum, 142 Erigeron arenarioides, 235 Eriocoma cuspidata, 101 Erysimum, 20 Erythroxylon Coca, 354 Eucalyptus globulus, 165 Eugenia, 294, 300; vulgaris, 159, 165 Euphorbia, 110 Eutypa, 354 Eutypella, 354 Excipula, 136 Exobasidium reticulatum, 326 Favolus platyporus, 39 Ficus elastica, 1, 2,3, 7,10, 1Ojeh us 0s, 197 Fomes fraxineus, 55; fraxinophilus, 52; geotropus, I91; ignarius, 354; laricis, 124; pinicola, 124; ulmarius, IQI Fragaria, 140; 165); /miexicanas. mos. virginiana, 165; virginiana chiloen- Sis, 165 Fruit-disease survey, 50 Fuligo, 332 Fungi, New Japanese, 323 Fungi of the Wilkes expedition, 38 Fungi, Some New Hampshire, 24 Fungi, California Hypogaeous, 301 Fungoides, 204, 207 Fungous parasite of the periodical Cicadas 72 Fusarium, 126, 188, 197, 352; cubense, 56; oxysporium Nicotianae, 192; trichothecioides, 352; vasinfectum, 340 oe Fuscoporia, 119, 275; nebulosa, 119; tenerrima, 119 ean Ss aaa INDEX TO VOLUME XIII Ganoderma, 64 Garrett, A. O., Smuts and rusts of Utah—IV, 1o1 Gaultheria procumbens, 165 Gaura, 161; biennis, 165, 235 Gautieria, 304; morchelliformis, 193 “Genea, 62, 194, 304, 306; arenaria, 306; cerebriformis, 307; compacta, 305; cubispora, 62; Gardnerii, 193, 194, 307; Harknessii, 193, 306, 307 Geoglossaceae, New or noteworthy, 184 Geoglossum intermedium, 184; pumi- lum, 184; pygmaeum, 185; Rehmi- anum, 186 Geopora Harknessii, 193, 311 Geranium, 4, 165; maculatum, 160 Gladiolus, 353 Gloeosporium, 153, 157, 160, 167, 275, 349; Bombacis, 275; Gossypii, 340; rhoinum, 146, 154, 162; rhois Fuckelii, 154; tremellinum, 145, 153, 162 Glomerella, 167, 348 Gloniopsis Gloniopsis, 116 Gnomonia, 349 Gnomoniella, 349 Grifola Berkeleyi, 55; gigantea, 267 Grossularia inermis, FOS,'TOS, TOO Guazuma ulmifolia, 291, 292, 300 Guignardia Vaccinii, 190 Gymnosporangium, 46, 195, 235, 3533 Gorniculans, 233; exterum; 233; floriforme, 235; germinale, 46, 47, 48, 49; globosum, 46, 47, 48, 49; gracilens, 106; inconspicuum, 107 ; Juniperi-virginianae, 46, 48, 49; 267; flavovirens, 102; leptantlva, juvenescens, 108, 235, 246; Nel- soni, 102, 235, 246; trachysorum, 233 Gymnosporangium, Observations on the infection of Crataegus by, 45 Gymnosporium juniperinum, 109 Gyromitra, 205, 208, 209, 226; brun- nea, 209; costata, 228; esculenta, 206, 200, 228; gigas, 228; infula, 225, 228; sphaerospora, 229 Gyroporus Earlei, 60, 198 Hainesia, 137) 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, MeOysES2,. 153,154, 157,158, 167 3 Castanede,155, 163; Epilobii,.155, noses leythri, 136, 144,146, 1525-155, tev tsO, TOO; 162, 163, 164,. 107; POG thoina, 246, 154, . 163, 1643 Rostrupil, 155, 163; tremellina, 153 Hapalopilus gilvus, 97 Helianthus annuus, 14, 104 309 Heliotropium spatulatum, 105 Helminthosporium, 128; peduncu- latum, 116 Helvella, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207. ,.208,) 200; 2El, w2lsieel 7. 215; 221, 222512267227 --acaulis, 2207; ad- haerens, 208) 210) 222,223,225, 228); alba. 210. 226ealbella. 220: 22675 dibida, 206, 219, 7228 ; albipes, 221; Aika. 200. @ 2LOr.21O, “22siei22ou 220); capucinoides, 219, 221; costata, 228; crispa, 205,, 206, .207,.208, 200, 210, Be eae "214. "228. 1.220: Selastica, 2060, 207, 208," 200... 210; 210. 220; 221 (222. 223) .224-. 225, .220..,61as- tica fusca, 222, 224, 228; ephippium, 2063. 207,, 208,. 200,. 278, 210,224; 227, 226, 220 3 esculenta, 206, , 200, 228 3) fuliginosa,. 22835 Sigas, 228; Sfacilis;.210; 220, 221, 228 ; grandis, 225.226; hispida, 2285 intulas 200: 2239/0 225,. 2285) lacunosa,. 205; Z06,. 207, 200,200, 212) "273, 214, 215.217, 228,220; lacunosa: pallida, 210.3220; . leucophaea.-- 210, 2203 macropus; .206,. 207; 226;227) | 220; macropus brevis, 207, 227, 229; Mitra,’ -200,, 280, j219,. 229% mitta alba; 200, °220 4 mittan tulva,, 210, , 2203, mitra .pratensis,,/212 : \mona- cella, 229; Monachella, 206, 207, 210, 225, 2267 220 nigra, 200, 217, 220; NISTICANS, 223,220; nivea,210, 220i; palustitis;, 200,' 214). 210, 217, 229; pezizoides, 224; plebophora, 215, 220; Queletiana, 200; 215, 217, 229; spadicea, 229; sphaerospora,,. 22015, SubCOStata.) 217 4>sulcata, 212, 213,.214, 217,220 5 venosa. 215,.2201 Helvella, Massachusetts species of., 201 Hendersonia Theae, 328 Herpotrichia, 295; albidostoma, 2955 diffusa, 295; diffusa rhodomphala, 295 Heteroecism of Puccinia montanen- sis, P. Koeleriae, and P. apocrypta, 315 Heteromeles, 313 Heterotrichum cymosum, 290 Hevea braziliensis, 125 Hicoria glabra, 165 Hieracium griseum, 104 Hilaria Jamesii, 101 Himantia, 60 Hordeum caespitosum, 101; jubatum,, LO4; 3 .U0,73 07 Hydnangium, 194 Hydnobolites, 304; californicus, 312 Hydnotrya ellipsospora, 307 360 MYCOLOoGIA Hydnotryopsis Setchellii, 312 Hydrophytlum, ‘19, 316,1317, 31839320, 321,322 ; capitatum; 316,316,743 22 Hymenogaster, 194, 305 Hymenula, 145; rhoina, 154, 163, 164 Hypholoma, 265 Hypocrea, 286; atramentosa, 287, 289 Hypocrella, 286, 287, 298 Hypoderma, 137 Hypodermopsis Theae, 323 Hypogaeous fungi, California, 301 Hypolysus Montagnei, 121 Hyponectria Phaseoli, 115, 284 Hypospila, 349 Hypoxylon annulatum, 295, 299 Hysterangium, 193, 194, 304 Hystrix Hystrix, 317, 318 Ichnanthus pallens, 288, 299 Ickis, M. G., and Anderson, P. J., Massachusetts species of Helvella, 201 Idaho, Smuts and rusts of southern, 179 Identity. ‘of '“*.Patellina -Fragariae, ” “Leptothyrium macrothecium,”’ and “ Peziza Oenotherae,”’ 135 Impatiens, 19, 331 Index of cultures of Uredineae, 1899-— rou7 230 Index to American mycological litera- ture, 162,126,195, 272: 351 Infection of Crataegus by Gymno- sporangium, Observations on the, 45 Inocybe, 62, 115 Irpex, 177 Isoachlya, 274, 336; toruloides, 274, 336 Ivesia Gordonii, 103 Jambosa vulgaris, 159; 165 Japanese fungi, New, 323 Juniperus scopulorum, 102, 108; si- berica, 109; utahensis, 102, 107. virginiana, 45, 235 Kentrophyta impensa, 105 Klebahn on life histories of Ascomy- cetes, Review of, 346 Koeleria cristata, 19, 317, 31% Kunkelia, 63 Laboulbenia formicarum, 62 Lachnea macropus, 229 Laciniaria, 19 Lactaria atroviridis, 56; Indigo, 56 Lactuca, 235 Lembosia, 281, 282, 298; Agaves, 283; Coccolobae, 283; Dendrochili, 281, 282, 283, 284%. ‘dittusa, 282.7 283% Drymidis, 281; macula, 281; melas- tomatum, 282, 299; microspora, 282, 299; tenella, 281, 282, 283, 299 Lepidium, 20, 234; perfoliatum, 105 Leptopodia, 207, 208, 209; albella, 219, 220, 221, 228% abea saoae elastica, 219, 228 Leptosphaeria Coniothyrium Theae, 324-\Hottatas2e Leptothyrium, 137, 349; acerinum, 156; borzianum, 159, 163 ; Lunariae, 147; macrothecium, “137, 147.157, 158, 163, 164, 354; macrothecium rhois, 157; protuberans, 138, 158, 163, 1645: rhois, 4154, 157 “ Leptothyrium macrothecium,” The life history of, 135 Levine, Michael, Studies on-plant can- cers—II, The behavior of crown gall on the rubber plant (Ficus elastica), 1 Life histories of Ascomycetes, Review of Klebahn on, 346 Life history and identity of “ Patel- lina Fragariae,”’ ‘“ Leptothyrium macrothecium,” and “‘ Peziza Oeno- therae,”’ 135 Light-colored resupinate polypores— III, 833 —IV, 204)5 207 + crispus, -270;,,,228 ; lobatus, 210; monacella, 225, 229 Phaseolus, 115; adenanthus, 284 Philadelphus occidentalis, 106 Phleospora, 346, 347, 348 Phleum pratense, I11 Pholiota, 265 Phoma citricarpa, 352; protuberans, 158, 164 ; Photographs and descriptions of cup- fungi—IX. North American species of Discina, 67 T2603 “é O62 Phragmidium affine, 103; Horkeliae, 403 ;.. imitans, 109; .lvesiae, 103); montivagum, 103 Phragmites communis, 21 Phyllachora, 284, 289; biareolata, 294; canafistulae, 292, 293, 300; Cassiae, 293; duplex, 293; Guazumae, 291; peribebuyensis, 289; Phaseoli, 284; Serjaniicola, 293, 300; Whetzelii, 293, 300 Phytophthora, 63, 198, 274 Picea Engelmanni, 108; rubens, 26 Pilidium, ~156,°.158; aceninum;, 156! 157, 159 Pinus austriaca, 99; edulis, 108; pon- derosa scopulorum, 106; radiata, 97 ; sylvestris, 84, 88 Plant cancers, Studies on, 1 Plasmodiophora Brassicae, 60; vascu- larum,60,° 127 Pleurage arachnoidea, 294 Pluteus cervinus, 190; praerugosus, 198 Poa Fendleriana, 103 Podostroma, 286; orbiculare, 286, 299 Poisonous mushroom, Clitocybe su- dorifica as a, 42 Polygonum, 21; alpinum, 109 Polypores, Light-colored resupinate,— III, 83; —IV, 171 Polyporus albocarneo - gilvidus, 92; amarus, 114; applanatus, 64; atten- uatus. 83; aurantiopallens, 172; Bilyttu, 12.83%... bombyemus 3.72; Broomei, 87,; brunneolus, 39; Butt- neri, 123; byssoideus, 100; carneo- pallens, 84, 85; cavernulosus, 100; chrysobaphus, 173; cinctus, 87; col- labens, 83; cruentatus, 96; emol- litus, 83; epilinteus, 84, 85; euporus, . $35. Fendlert, (84.1859 Puligo, 123% haematodes, 95; incarnatus, 87; in- duratus, 55; laetificus, 96; leuco- lomus, 172; mutans, 97; nebulosus, 119; Obliquus, 96; odorus, 87; oxy- datus, 92; pineus, 98; pulchellus, 178; purpureus; 92; Ravenalae, 123 ; sanguinolentus, 90; salmonicolor, 96; Schweinitzii, 124; sorbicola, 95 ; spissus, 96; subliberatus, 87; sul- phurellus, 171; tenerrimus, 119; undatus, 87; vinctus, 84; violaceus, 92; vitreus, 88; volvatus, 354 Polystictus versicolor, 58 Poncirus trifoliata, 59 Populus caroliniana, 124; grandiden- tata, 124; nigta italied./165.; treniu- loides, 107, 124 Poria, 95, 98, 118, 194; albirosea, 85 ; albocincta, 122, 123%) attenuata.83, MycoLociIa 94; attenuata subincarnata, 86; au- rantio-canescens, 93; aurantiopal- lens, 172; aurantiotingens, 90; aurea, 171; Blyttii, 83; borbonica, 89; Bracei, 91; calcea sulphurea, 178; Calkinsil, 175; callosa, 87, 88;- Caryae, 99; casSicola, 85; cavernu- losa, 100; chrysobapha, 173 ; chryso- loma, 176; ) corticola eae, oo. cremeicolor, 178; crocipora, 96; Dodgei, 87; Dusenii, 100; eupora, 83, 85, 86, 94; fatiscens, 178; favil- lacea, 94; flavida, 174; flavilutea, 176; flavipora, 174; Fuligo auran- _tiotingens, 122; glauca, 123; graph- ica, 123; heteromorpha, 178; holo- xantha, 1783 incatnata-o7 165,10 certa, 172, 178; inetassata, 98; jalapensis, 177; lateritia, 90; leuco- lomea, 172; lilacina, 85; medulla- panis, 176,178; micans, 92; mutans, 93, 96, 97; mutans tenuis, 93, 94; myceliosa, 178; nebulosa, 119; ni- grescens, 87, 88; nitida, 83, 93, 94; nitida crocea, 94; ochracea, 174; Parksii, 175; pavonina, 94; phle- biaeformis, 96; pinea, 98; purpurea, 91, 92, 93; radiculosa, 178; salois- ensis, 98; sanguinolenta, 90; semi- tincta, 178, 341; spissa, 94, 96, 98; subacida, 171, 176, 178; subbadia, 93; subincarnata, 84, 86, 172; sub- radiculosa, 175; subrufa, 95; sub- sulphurea, 178; subundata, 86; subviolacea, 99; sulphurella, 171; taxicola, 92, 93, 95, 98; tegillaris, 173; tenerrima, 119; undata, 87, 88; vincta, 84, 94. 99; violacea, 91, 92, 95, 90); vitellinga,-172,.176); (vitrea, 88; xantha, 176; xantholoma, 178 Porto Rico, A contribution to our knowledge of the Pyrenomycetes of, 279 Porto Rico, A new bolete from, 60 Potentilla, 157, 159, 160; canadensis, 165; pulcherrima, 103 Protocoronospora nigricans, 128 Protomyces, 72, 354 Prunus, 161; serotina, 165 . Pseudobalsamia magnata, 193, 312; magnata nigra, 313 Pseudodiplodia, 354 Pseudohaplosporella, 354 Pseudomonas Apii, 274; Citri, 59, 198; Phaseoli, 336 Pseudopeziza, 167; Populi-albae, 3490; ribis, 349; salicis, 349 Pseudotsuga mucronata, 107 Ptilocalais tenuifolia, 105 Puccinia, 16, 233, 235; additicia, 191; Pease 2 INDEX TO VOLUME XIII Meropyci, 10, 20, 233, 236; albi- peridia, 17, 233; alternans, 20, 233, 236; amphigena, 234; Antirrhini, 109; apocrypta, 109, 236, 315, 318, 320, 321, 322; arcticum, 58; Arrhe- Hapwetrs.-421; Asterum, 15; bro- muima: 321,322; Burnettii, 102; car- jeima, 20% Caricis, 20, 103; Caricis- Asteris, 14, 233; Caricis-Erigeron- tis, 14, 233; Caricis-Solidaginis, 14, Bea Caticis-strictae, 235; Ceanothi, 231; cinerea, 19, 20; Clematidis, 20, 63, .103; dispersa, 315, 321; Dis- tichlidis, 18; Eatoniae, 22, 2333 ex- fetisieola, «15, 16;. fraxinata, 231, ee, Garrettii, 235; graminis, 22, PoMLOA NUT .I13, 124, 128, 198, 2706; Grindeliae, 107; Grossulariae, 17, 236; Helianthi, 14, 104; Hieracii, 104; hynoidea, 234; Impatientis, 19, 63; interveniens, 102; irrequisita, 191; Isiacae, 21; Jonesii, 104; Koe- fering) 233,315; 319, 320, 321, 322; lateripes, 21; Liatridis, 19; Mal- vastri; 105; Menthae, 104; micran- tha, 109; Monardellae, 104; mon- PAMensis, OA, 236, 315, 316, 317, BESO, 320,.321 ;- obliterata, .20, 2265. .paciica, 1o1; ~Paniculariae, 233 ;. patruelis, 233; Pattersoniana, 104, 110; peridermiospora, 231; quadriporula, 236; rubigo-vera, 18, 20; Ruelliae, 21; rugosa, 105; seca- iia. 915. 32%, 322; Sherardiana, 105; Stipae, 102;-suavolens, 109; substerilis, 105; subnitens, 16, 20, oie TOs +) tomipata, 20, 233; triti- Cina, 10, 20, 111,'315; Troximontis, 105; tumidipes, 233; wumniversalis, 233; Urticae, 103; Vernoniae, 233; vulpinoides, 15 Puccinia apocrypta, The heteroecism Oa, 355 Puccinia graminis in the south, The behavior of telia of, 111 Puccinia Koeleriae, The heteroecism Ole) 35 Puccinia montanensis, P. Koeleriae, and P. apocrypta, The heteroecism of, 315 Pucciniella, 19 Pycnoporus cinnabarinus, 189 Pyrenomycetes of Porto Rico, 279 Pyrenopeziza medicaginis, 160 Pythiacystis, 63; citrophthora, 273 Pythium, 60; Debaryanum, 341 Quercus, 147, 157; agrifolia, 193; alba, 165; rubra, 155, 165; velutina, 165 : 363 Ramularia, 347, 348 Ramularisphaerella, 347, 348 Ranunculus abortivus, 22; Cymbalaria, LO. 503 Ravenelia, 353; havanensis, 191 Ravenelula, 354 Resupinate polypores, Light-colored,— My 833-1 Ve 171 Review of Klebahn on life histories of Ascomycetes 346 Rhizina helvetica, 69; undulata, 228 Rhizoctonia, 60, 277 Rhizogene, 355 Rhizophora Mangle, 115 Rhizopus;, 138). 105, 342);. nigricans, 2735 ‘britici, 274 Rhododendron, 64 Rhus}139, 140), 142, 154, 157), 165); aromatica, 154; copallina, 154, 165% Cotinus, 154) vos; glabra, 141) 11545° 165% radicans, 155; Loxicodendrum, Tos *4ypbina, 165 RibeS: 17 ..520)4105, 337 5. AUreUmM 1008 ; cereum, 106, 108; inebrians, 106, 108; petiolare, 102; prostratum, 165 Ricinus, 4; communis, 354 Rickia. 355 Roberts, J. W., Clitocybe sudorifica as a poisonous mushroom, 42 Rosa, 156; 1573 neomexi¢ana, 103; puberulenta, 103; rugosa prostrata, 165 Rosellinia, 295 Rosen, H. R., The behavior of telia of Puccinia graminis in the south, III Rostronitschkia, 298 Rubber plant, The behavior of crown gall on the, 1 Rabus,i59), L27).130;5/137> 1305140) 145, 140, 586,,1573,100} 161, 165); caesius, 155, 160; idaeus, 165; occidentalis, 165; pubescens, 58; setosus, 165; strigosus, 58, 109, 165; strigosus idaeus, 165; thrysoideus, 161; tri- florus, 58; villosus, 165 Ruellia ciliosa, 21; strepens, 21 Rumex paucifolius, 109 Russula, 133, 266, 351.; aeruginea, 132; bifida, 130; cyanoxantha, 132; dis- -parilis, 129; fragiliformis, 132; het- erophylla, 130, 132; Hibbardae, 1209, I3I, 132, 134; praeumbonata, 131, © 134; purpurina, 134; ornaticeps, 129, 130, 131, 134; redolens, 131, 132,,9133. 1345, Sumulans, 1269; 134, 13d4cenUNCialis, e134): 5 Vatiata,..130; 132) wviridi-octilata, 120, 131, 132, 134 Russula, Some new species of, 129 364 Rusts of northern Utah and southern Idaho, 179 Rusts of Utah, Smuts and,—IV, ro1 Salix, 161; humilis, 365; Watsonii, 102 Saprolegnia, 336 Sarcoscypha macropus, 229 Scleroderma, 313 Sclerospora, 277 Sclerotinia, 196; cinerea, 65; minor, 189, 197 Sclerotiopsis, 140, 142, 147, 154, 155, 156,156, 100,\ 167 caustralasica, 147; 156, 1.59, 71635 Chen, 1563 con- Cava, 136, 147, 48, 149, 154, 155, 156; 157, 158,) 150, 160. store 163" 164,-167, 1705, Pelatgonits-142, 160) 163;..Potentillac, 150,54 100.5 roe Rubi; Heise TOO. 168 Sclerotium coffeicolum, 355 Seaver, F. J., Photographs and de- scriptions of cup-fungi—IX. North American species of Discina, 67 Senecio, 235 Septobasidium, 276 Septoria, 270, 346, 347, 348, 352; Apil, 191, 199, 269,270; Lycoper- SiC], 353; nodorum, 337 Septorisphaerella, 347, 348 Serjania polyphylla, 293, 300 Serpula rufa pinicola, 95 Shear, C. L., Review of Klebahn on life histories of Ascomycetes, 346 Shear, ©. and DodzeB. 10) “ithe life history and identity of “ Patel- lina Fragariae,’ ‘ Leptothyrium macrothecium,” and “ Peziza Oeno- therae,” 135 Shepherdia canadensis, 108 Sidalcea nervata, 102 Sila TPheade. 7325 Sitanion elymoides, 320; Hystrix, 1o1, ‘104° jubatum, 103 Slime mould, Some of the ways of the, 329 Smilax, 140; rotundifolia, 165 Smuts and rusts of northern Utah and southern Idaho, 179 Smuts and rusts of Utah——lV,-102 Solanum carolinense, 353 Solidago, 15, 16 Some New Hampshire fungi, 24 Some new species of Russula, 129 Some of the ways of the slime mould, 329 Sophia, 20, 234 Sorbus, 235 Sordaria fimicola, 294; humana, 294 Sorosporella agrotidis, 73; uvella, 73 MycoLoGIa Spartina, 18, 234; cynosuroides, 246; Michauxiana, 246 Speare, A. T., Massospora cicadina Peck, a fungous parasite of the periodical Cicada, 72 Species of Discina, North American, 67 Species of Helvella, Massachusetts, 201 Species of Russula, Some new, 129 Sphaeralcea arizonica, 105; dissecta, 105; pedata, 105; subrhomboidea, 105 Sphaerella, 354 Sphaeronema, 136, 144, 153; corneum, 138, 145, 153, 102, uog. u04 Sphaeropsis, 348; malorum, 128 Sporobolus cryptandrus, 235 Sporodinia grandis, 56 Sporonema, 160; Castaneae, 159; du- bium, 158, 159, 160, 163; phacidi- oides, 160; pulvinatum, 160, 163; quercicolum, 159, 163 Stagnospora Theae, 324 Steironema, 149, 160; ciliata, 165, 170 Stereum, 196, 267; caespitosum, 268; conicum, 268; durum, 268; Earlei, 268; erumpens, 268; heterosporum, 268; magnisporum, 268; patelli- forme, 268; petalodes, 339; pubes- cens, 268; purpureum, 339; saxitas, 268; sepium, 268; spumeum, 268; Willeyi, 116 Stilbocrea hypocreoides, 286; media, 286 Stipa Lettermanni, 105; minor, 102; viridula, 235 Stropharia, 265 Studies on plant cancers—II. The behavior of crown gall on the rub- ber plant (Ficus elastica), 1 Suillellus Eastwoodiae, 194 Survey, The fruit-disease, 50 Symplocos, 90; martinicensis, 90 inter- Tanaka, T., New Japanese fungi. Notes and translations—xX, 323 Taphrina,: 27.6 Teleutospora, 191 Telia of Puccinia graminis south, The behavior of, 111 Terfeziopsis lignaria, 310 Tetrazygia elaeagnoides, 290 Thalictrum, 19 Thea. sinensis, 323, 324,°325.4320) 3275 in the 328 Thecaphora pustulata, 273 Thelephora, 267; caryophyllea, 277, 336; fimbriata, 277, 336; lamellata, 38; terrestris, 277, 336 INDEX TO VoLUME XIII Thelocarpon albomarginatum, 352 Thielavia basicola, 53 Thuya occidentalis, 95 Tibicina septendecim, 72, 81, 82 Tinctoporia, 122, 275; albocincta, 122; aurantiotingens, 122; Fuligo, 122, 123; graphica, 122, 123 Tipula paludosa, 74 Trabutia, 292; Bucidae, 290, 291, 300; conica, 292, 300; Guazumae, 291, 300; portoricensis, I15 Trabutiella, 115; Cordiae, 115 Trametes carnea, 26; Pini, 124; ver- satilis, 100 Trenomyces, 355 Trichia, 333 Trichoglossum, 351; confusum, 18s, 186; Farlowi, 186; hirsutum, 187; hirsutum braziliense, 187; hirsutum variabile, 187; hirsutum Wrightii, 187; Rehmianum, 185; velutipes, 187; Walteri, 186; Wrightii, 187 Tricholoma terreum, 266 Trichostigma octandra, 115 Trifolium Kingii, 107 Trisetum, 22 Triticum aestivum, 321; dicoccum, 127); durum, 127; vulgare, 101, 104, 127 Tropaeolum, 105 Tsuga canadensis, 86 Suber, 194, 302,304, 310, 312; cali- fornicum, 194, 308; candidum, 193, 05,7310, 311 , Nenarium;<3ro, 311 Tuberaceae, California, 301 Tubercularia, 136, 144, 145; rhoina, 145;°rhois, 155, 163; zythioides, 155, 163 Tyromyces caesius, 56; Smallii, 99 Ulmus, 165; americana, 119 Uredineae, Memoranda and index to cultures of, 230 365 Urocystis Anemones, 352 Uromyces,’ 16;) 233, 2763: acuminatus, 231; Brodieae, 104, 1103; coordi- natus, 191; effusus, 233; Eriogoni, 106; Euphorbiae, 14, 106; fuscatus, 109; intricatus, 106; medicaginis, 110; oblongus, 107; Peckianus, 16; perigynius, 15, 20, 236; Polemonii, 18; proemineus, 106; punctatus, 105; Solidagini-Caricis, 233 ; Steiro- nematis, 231, 233; uniporulus, 18 Urophlyctis, 114; Alfalfae, 192, 197 Ustilago bromivora, 101, 179; Hier- onymi, 101; hypodytes, 101; Lo- Fentziana, 101s. Lritici; Tor? .Vvi0- lacea, 277 Ustulina, 354 Utah, Smuts and rusts of northern, 179 Utah, Smuts and rusts of,—IV, t1o1 Vaecinium, 165 ; 165 Valsa Theae, 326 Valseutypella, 127 Venenarius Wellsii, 63 Verticillium Lycopersici, 275 Vigna vexillata, 115 Vitis, 140; cordifolia, 165 macrocarpum, 160, Wilkes expedition, The fungi of the, 38 Xanthoporia Andersoni, 178 Xylomyzon taxicola, 95 Zundel, G. L., Smuts and rusts of northern Utah and southern Idaho, 179 Zythia Phaseoli, 115 ie ian mW rth eraainice Iypoerales : 2 a an Host Ind dex, yoni binant, thea including pus paeess Santainine oe arti : year; ‘single: copies | “not for. ‘sale, B thirteenth volume. |. as siete tifa Si ki : Addisonia, ‘quarterly, devoted exclusively to cok “in aah erie Subseription Price, net 00 a year. a Now invits sixth\ volume. an ‘Bulletin of the New York ‘Botanical Gecdou. co! of the Director-in-Chief and other official. documents, eimbodying the results of investigations carried out in th niembers. of the Garden; to others, $3. 00 per volume. © “No North American Flora. Descriptions of the wild plan ants 0 including. Greenland, the West Indies, and Central Ame rica, Pl completed in 34) volumes, Roy. 8vo, Each volume to . ‘parts. | Subscription: ‘price, $1.50 per part; a limited numbe will be sold for $2.00 each, [Not offered in exchange Mol, 3, part e 19TD. Nectriaceae—Fimetariaceae, © 1921, " Ustilaginaceae—Accidiaceac (pars). “Parts | a “and 2 0 separately.) - ee o> Molico (dow. earners: parts 1-9, 1907-1916. “Polypora / (pars). (Parts 1-3 no- longer’ sold separately.) _ cats Pesan U3 10, part 1, 1914; parts 2 and 4, 1917., prea ee (pa 3) Vol. 15,- pas. 1 and. 2, 1913, ee ; ceseeh a, part 1, “1909; ‘part ay ‘19125 ‘part a 1915 as ; Vol. aut part ty 1916; Part 2, 1947 5 part 3, 1918, “niaceae. © ae “0 Mol. 22, arte: ae ee 2, 1905; parts 3 and 4 1908 part Podostemonaceae—Rosaceae. ee) Ey Mol. 24, part. 1, 1919; part 2, 1920. Roberts _ 1 -Mol.25, part 1, ‘19073. part 2, 1910; part 3, 1911. . Vol.\29, part 1, 1914. | Clethraceae—Ericaceae. Ass Sera Vol, 32, part 1, 1918; part 2, 1o2zt. | ‘Rubiaceae pars Vol. 34, patt 1, 1014; part 2, 1915; ‘part 3, 1916, ’ Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden. ‘Garden, $1.50 per volume. To others, $3.00. A Not, offere Vol. I. ; An Annotated Catalogue. of the. Flora of Montan stone Park, by Per Axel Rydberg. ix + 492 pp., with deta Vol IL” The Influence: of Light and Darkness up . ment, by D. “T, MacDougal. xvi + 320 pp., with 176 fig -. Mol. TIT) Studies of Cretaceous Coniferous Rem: | New York, sh A. Hollie and E. ‘Ce Seige a si a 1909. fe De : rem en ‘viii ata Ae ‘pp.; la es 93 yao al +4 peeled Vol, V. Flora of the’ Vicinity of New York: A Cesena by. 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