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MYCOLOGIA

Volume VIII, 1916

Published by the aid of the

David Lydig Fund

Bequeathed by Charles P. Daly

MYCOLOGIA

IN CONTINUATION OF THE JOURNAL OF MYCOLOGY

Founded by W. A. Kellerman, J. B. Ellis, and B. M. Everhart in 1885

EDITOR

WILLIAM ALPHONSO MURRILL

Volume VIII, 1916

With 24 Plates

JOSEPH C. ARTHUR
HOWARD J. BANKER
GIACOMO BRESADOLA
FREDERIC E. CLEMENTS
JOHN DEARNESS

ASSOCIATE EDITORS

FRANKLIN S. EARLE
BRUCE FINK
ROBERT A. HARPER
THOMAS H. MACBRIDE
GEORGE MASSEE

NARCISSE PATOUILLARD
LARS ROMELL
FRED J. SEAVER
CORNELIUS L. SHEAR

PUBLISHED BIMONTHLY FOR
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

No. I. January

Page

North American Species of Ascodesmis, by Fred J. Seaver i

Fungi Producing Heart-rot of Apple Trees, by B. O. Dodge 5

Uredinales of Porto Rico Based on Collections by F. L. Stevens, by J.

C. Arthur i6

Myxoniycetes from South America, by William C. Sturgis 34

Studies in Porto Rican Parasitic Fungi — II, by Esther Young 42

Index to Illustrations of Fungi I-XXII, by William A. Murrill 47

Notes and Brief Articles 52

Index to American Mycological Literature 59

No. 2. March

Two Parasitic Mushrooms, by Edward T. Harper 65

Remarkable Fossil Fungi, by Edward W. Berry 73

Laboratory Tests on the Durability of American Woods — I. Flask Tests

on Conifers, by C. J. Humphrey 80

The Earth-inhabiting Species of Ascobolus, by Fred J. Seaver 93

New or Noteworthy Species of Fungi, by John Dearness 98

Notes and Brief Articles 108

Index to American Mycological Literature ii6

No. 3. May

Illustrations of Fungi — XXIII, by William A. Murrill 12 1

Cultures of Uredineae in 1915, by J. C. Arthur 125

Fungi of New Mexico, by Paul C. Standley 142

Note on Western Red Rot in Pinus ponderosa, by W. H. Long 178

Internal Uredinia, by J. F. Adams 181

Notes and Brief Articles 183

Index to American Mycological Literature 188

No. 4. July

Illustrations of Fungi — XXIV, by William A. Murrill 19 1

Photographs and Descriptions of Cup-fungi — III. Peziza domiciliana and

Peziza repanda, by Fred J. Seaver 195

Notes on the Myxoniycetes of the Curtis Herbarium, by William C.

Sturgis 199

Basidiomycetes Collected in Indo-China by C. B. Robinson, by Paul W.

Graff 214

Pleurotus, Omphalia, and Collybia Published in North American Flora, by

William A. Murrill 218

V

vi Table of Contents

Page

Notes and Brief Articles 222

Index to American Mycological Literature 227

No. 5. September

Illustrations of Fungi — XXV, by William A. Murrill 231

Photographs and Descriptions of Cup-fungi — IV. Peziza clypeata, by Fred

J. Seaver 235

A New Species of Endothia, by Stephen C. Bruner 239

Hermann Edward Hasse, Lichenist, by Bruce Fink 243

Some Kentucky Fungi, by L. O. and Mae F. Overholts 249

Bibliography and New Species of Philippine Fungi, by Paul W. Graff . . 253
Index to American Mycological Literature 289

No. 6. November

Fungi Collected at Arkville, New York, by William A. Murrill 293

Dothichiza populea in the United States, by George G. Hedgcock and N.

Rex Hunt 300

The Aecial Stage of Coleosporium ribicola, by W. H. Long 309

Notes and Brief Articles 312

Index to American Mycological Literature 319

Index to Volume VIII 323

MYCOLOGIA

IN CONTINUATION OF THE JOURNAL OF MYCOLOGY
Founded by W. A. Kellennan, J. B. Ellis,and B. M. Everhart in 1885

EDITOR

WILLIAM ALPHONSO MURRILL

Vol. VIII— JANUARY, 1916— No. 1

JOSEPH C. \RrHUR
HOWARD;. BANKER
GIACOMO BRSSADOLA
PREDBRIG E. CLESfENTS
JOHN DEARNESS

ASSOCIATE EDITORS

FRANKLIN S. EARLE
BRUCE PINE
ROBERT A. HARPER
THOMAS H. MACBRIDE i
GEORGE MASSEE

NARCISSE PATOUILLARD
LARS ROMELL
FRED J. SEAVER
CORNELIUS L. SHEAR

PUBLISHED BIMONTHLY FOR
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CONTENTS

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North American Species of Ascodesmis Fred J. Seaver i
Fungi Producing Heart-rot of Apple Trees B. O. Dodge 5
Uredinales of Porto Rico Based on Collections by F. L.

Stevens - - - - - J. C. Arthur 16

Myxomycetes from South America - William C. Sturgis 34
Studies in Porto Rican Parasitic Fungi — II Esther Young 42
Index to Illustrations of Fungi I-XXII

William A. Murrill 47

Notes and Brief Articles 52

Index to American Mycological Literature - - - 59

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Mvcologia

Plate CLXXII

1-5- ASCODESMIS MICROSCOPICA (CROUAN) SEAVER
6-9. ASCODESMIS PORCINA SEA\’ER

MYCOLOGIA

VoL. VIII January, 1916 No. i

NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF
ASCODESMIS

Fred J. Seaver

(With Plate 172, Containing 9 Figures)

During the month of January, 1915, the writer secured an ex-
cellent growth of a species of Ascodesmis on the excrement of
pigs sent from Porto Rico^ by Mr. George L. Fawcett. The spores
of this species were slightly ellipsoid and, when mature, were
strongly roughened, although they were never found to be reticu-
late. At first it was thought that this species might be distinct
from Ascodesmis nigricans in which species the spores are usually
described as reticulate. Later, however, it was concluded that
the apparent difference in spore characters was simply due to
variation and the Porto Rican plants were finally referred to
Ascodesmis nigricans, the only species known from North
America.

In November, 1915, an abundant growth of Ascodesmis nigri-
cans was obtained on the excrement of raccoon dog from the
Bronx Zoological Garden. Careful study of this species from

1 A collection of pig dung from New Jersey was placed in culture during
the present season in order to determine whether the Porto Rican species was
a geographical species or was governed by the substratum alone as is the case
with so many of the coprophilous discomycetes. On December ii, 1915, since
this paper was submitted, the species described here as new was found also
on the New Jersey material. In all essential points the New Jersey specimens
agree with the specimens grown on the same kind of material from Porto
Rico and both differ from Ascodesmis nigricans, which we have still growing
in the laboratory, as pointed out in the illustrations and descriptions accom-
panying this paper.

1

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Mycolocia

material derived from these cultures showed the spores to be
globose and at maturity perfectly and distinctly reticulate, the
ridges of the reticulations extending beyond the periphery of the
spore as minute spines.

After a comparative study of the spores of the two specimens of
Ascodesniis, the one grown on the excrement of pigs from Porto
Rico and the other on the excrement of raccoon dog from the
Zoological Garden, it was decided that they represented two dis-
tinct species.

So far as noted, the external characters of the two plants were
identical. The apothecia appeared on a superficial mycelium and
consisted of a tuft of asci without any well-developed excipulum.
The form and size of the apothecia in the two species is almost
identical. The spores of the Porto Rican species are slightly
ellipsoid, although they would pass as subglobose. The chief dif-
ference is in the spore markings, those of the Porto Rican species
consisting of tubercles or short interrupted ridges. In addition
to this, these spores are often marked with an irregular ridge of
meridial band which may be simple of occasionally branched.
Since several hundred spores have been examined and these char-
acters found to be constant and decidedly different from those of
Ascodesmis nigricans, the Porto Rican specimens are regarded as
new and described as Ascodesmis porcina. The differences in
spore characters are shown in the accompanying plate. The fol-
lowing is a synopsis of the genus as at present known for North
America.

ASCODESMIS Van Tiegh. Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 23: 271. 1876

Apothecia minute, less than i mm. in diameter, very simple,
consisting of a cluster of asci and paraphyses springing from a
clump of basal mycelium; excipulum almost entirely undeveloped ;
asci comparatively few to each plant, very broad, 8-spored ; spores
globose or subglobose, hyaline, then pale-brown to blackish, be-
coming rough at maturity ; paraphyses sparse.

Type species, Ascodesmis nigricans Van Tiegh.

Spores globose, reticulated.

Spores subglobose, rough but not reticulated.

A. microscopica.
A. porcina.

Seaver: North American Species of Ascodesmis 3

Ascodesmis microscopica (Crouan)

Ascobolus microscopiciis Crouan, Ann. Sci. Nat. IV. 7 ; 175. 1857.
? Ascobolus canimts Fuckel, Hedwigia 5: 3- 1866.

Ascodesmis nigricans Van Tiegh. Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 23: 275.
1876.

Boudiera microscopica Cooke, Grevillea 6: 76. 1877-

?Boudiera canina Schrot. Krypt.-Fl. Schles. 3":55- iS93-

Boudiera Claussenii P. Henn. Hedwigia 42 : (182). 1903-

? Ascodesmis retictilata Bainier, Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 23 : 137. 1907-

Apothecia minute, less than i mm. in diameter, scattered or
thickly gregarious, superficial, consisting of a tuft of asci and
very stout paraphyses, at first entirely white, becoming dotted
over with black specks, the ends of the asci filled with colored
spores, finally becoming entirely black ; excipulum almost wanting
or consisting of loose mycelium similar to the paraphyses ; asci
broad-clavate to ovoid, reaching a length of 80 /x and a diameter
of 30 /X, 8-spored; spores 2-seriate or irregularly crowded together,
perfectly globose, becoming pale-brown and reticulated, reaching
a diameter of 10-12 ;tx; reticulations net-like, the meshes reaching
a diameter of 3/x, the ridges of the reticulations thin and project-
ing about the periphery of the spore as minute spines ; paraphyses
hyaline, stout, scarcely enlarged above, reaching a diameter of
5-6 /X.

On excrement of dogs and tigers, less frequently on the excre-
ment of other animals.

’Type locality : Europe.

Distribution : New York ; also in Europe.

Illustrations: Ann. Sci. Nat. IV. 7: pi. 4, f. 20-2^; Zukal,
Mycol. Unters. pi. 2, f. 5-10; Hedwigia 42 : (182), /. 1-3.

Ascodesmis porcina Seaver, sp. nov.

Apothecia very small, scarcely visible, scattered or thickly gre-
garious, at first subglobose, expanding and becoming subdiscoid,
externally whitish or pallid, not exceeding 0.5 mm. in diameter ;
hymenium strongly convex, becoming dark, finally almost black
by reason of the dark colored spores; excipulum almost wanting;
asci broad clavate to ovoid, abruptly narrowed into a short stem-
like base, reaching a length of 75-90 /x and a diameter of 25-35 fi ;
spores 2-seriate or very irregularly bunched near the end of the
ascus, subglobose, at first hyaline and smooth, becoming pale-

4

Mycologia

brown and rough, reaching a diameter of 10-13 or occasionally
lo-ii X 12-13 ;u.; spore-roughenings very variable, consisting of
minute rounded wart-like projections, short interrupted ridges, or
often with one conspicuous simple or branched ridge extending
across the visible surface of the spore; paraphyses stout, grad-
ually enlarged at their apices, reaching a diameter of about 5 fi.

On excrement of pigs.

Type locality ; Grown in the laboratories of the New York
Botanical Garden on pig dung sent from Porto Rico.

Distribution : Cultivated on pig dung from Porto Rico and
New Jersey.

New York Botanical Garden.

Explanation of Plate CLXXII

Figs. 1-5. Ascodesmis microscopica (Crouan) Seaver.

Fig. I. Young asci and paraphyses.

Fig. 2. Asci and paraphyses showing different stages in their development.

Fig. 3. Ascus with young spores.

Fig. 4. Ascus with mature spores.

Fig. 5. Mature spores isolated.

Figs. 6-9. Ascodesmis porcina Seaver.

Fig. 6. Young and mature asci.

Fig. 7. Ascus with spores partially matured.

Fig. 8. Ascus and paraphysis with mature spores.

Fig. 9. Mature spores isolated.

FUNGI PRODUCING HEART-ROT OF APPLE

TREES

B. O. Dodge

(With Plates 173-176, Containing 10 Figures)

Any one familiar with the old apple orchards of the East is
aware that there must be specific causes connected with the rot-
ting of the trunks of the trees. When trees that ought to be in
the prime of life are found with huge knot-holes leading into
great hollows in the trunk, the pathologist feels perfectly certain
that some fungus has gained entrance to the wound caused by
the removal of a limb at this point.

At Camp Columbia, near Litchfield, Conn., and on the farms
in the vicinity, there are many old orchards that are especially
favorable for a study of diseases peculiar to the apple tree. Na-
ture is left to take its course in the abandoned orchard, with the
result that fungi directly or indirectly the cause of wood-rot are
given an opportunity to develop their fruiting bodies, without
which the identification of the disease is still more uncertain.
Some of these trees seventy-five or one hundred years old are still
bearing apples, although the trunk is a mere shell of sap-wood,
frequently only a part of the shell remaining. A large percentage
of the trees bear evidence of the presence of fungi commonly
known as heart-rots.

I have made an effort to collect various types of fungi growing
on living trees with the hope that something further might be
contributed toward the discovery of the particular fungi causing
these destructive heart-rots. I was greatly assisted in this work
of collecting and photographing the specimens by Mr. Paddock,
a student in botany at the camp.

The well-known rots of hickory, oak, maple, elm, etc., were
fairly common there. A number of bracket and encrusting forms
(Polyporiis versicolor, SchisopJiylhim commune, Irpcx lacteus,
etc.) were found on dead limbs and trunks of the apple, but as

5

6

Mycologia

these grow everywhere on all sorts of timber their presence on
apple is not particularly significant as causing the diseases of the
living trees. A perennial form resembling the fire punk {Fames
igniarius) occurs on a few apple trees just below the camp. On
one of the trees the fungus has developed the fruit bodies on the
cut ends of stubs of limbs, showing probably where the fungus
gained entrance in years past through faulty pruning.

But all these are doubtless comparatively secondary in causing
the very destructive heart-rots found in these old orchards. A
number of very conspicuous and striking forms which I have
found are beyond doubt the main causes which limit the life of
the orchard tree. This is not saying that these fungi are directly
parasitic, but by eating out the heart-wood of the tree they lead
to the breaking off of the larger branches and finally to the de-
struction of the trunk.

During the early part of August, Mr. Moldenke first called my
attention to a cluster of “mushrooms” growing on the side of
a living apple tree in an orchard through which the Columbia
student surveyors were “ running a railroad.” The fungus had
grown out from a small spot in the sap-wood and the line of decay
was found to lead into the heart- wood, which was very badly
rotted. Figure 2 on plate 173 shows such a punk as it grows on
the living tree. Professor Finch a few days later located a simi-
lar fungus oh a comparatively young apple tree near the cottage
at South View Inn. This one grew out from a crack caused by
the splitting of the trunk where a limb had been torn out (PI. 773,
/. j). It was a beautiful milk-white cluster, so fragile that the
slightest pull was sufficient to break off a piece. An old punk
just below this cluster, evidently a growth of the preceding year,
showed how discolored, hard, and leathery the fungus may be-
come as it dries out. Two very beautiful specimens (PI. 773,
/. 2, and PI. 174, f. 2) were found on a tree in Mr. Weik’s orchard.
Several others were brought in during the middle of August from
orchards in the vicinity. The specimens, while varying greatly
in form and size, appear to belong to the same species. It is a
form that first attracted the attention of Dr. Burt at Riverside,
Maine, in 1898. He sent it to Professor Peck, New York State

Dodge: Heart-Rot of Apple Trees

7

botanist, who recognized that it was a new species and described
it in the Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, Vol. 26, 1899,
under the very appropriate name, Polyporus admirabilis, “ the
wonderful polypore.” He added Dr. Burt’s remarks : “ The
fresh tufts of clear white trumpet-shaped pilei are suggestive of
clusters of giant calla lillies.” Peck originally described the fun-
gus rather inadequately because of the lack of a large number of
specimens at the time. He says : “ Pilei tufted, large, more or
less imbricated, nearly entire, centrally depressed or subinfundi-
buliform.” This would not cover the solitary, flatfish, nearly lat-
eral forms. Such forms are shown in PI. f. i. Professor
Underwood also found one of these flat forms on an apple tree at
Redding, Conn., in August, 1906, and another less distinctive
with much thicker flesh in 1907. These two specimens are in the
herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden.

Forms frequently occur that appear from a distance to be made
up of several individuals crowded together forming a “ cluster.”
Such specimens are shown in PI. //j, /. i, on the trunk, and PI.
IJ4, f. 2. These are simply one fungus body so lobed and folded
as to resemble a tuft or cluster composed of several individuals
growing close together. Figure 2, on plate 174, looks like three
punks (pilei), although it is only a peculiarly folded single speci-
men. There are, however, such clusters as Peck described made
up of individuals somewhat imbricated or fused together.

Another specimen of this species mentioned by Peck (Annual
Report 54, p. 154, 1901) came from Lake George. Of this one
he says : “ The specimen here recorded is less regular and deeply
depressed in the center than a typical form which was found
growing at the base of an apple tree in Maine.” In the original
description the surface is described as “ glabrous, white or slightly
tinted with pale yellow or cream color ; pores minute, rotund,
whitish; pilei 10-15 cm. broad, united at the base, forming tufts
30 cm. or more in diameter.”

The forms that I have found at Camp Columbia are beautiful,
large, vigorously growing punks, easily recognizable and con-
spicuous objects. One of their most characteristic features as
compared with the forms of another type to be mentioned later.

8

Mycologia

is the peculiar, smooth, “ glace kid glove ” feeling of the surface.
They justify Professor Peck’s characterization “ admirahilis” in
every respect.

With the aid of Dr. House, the state botanist, I was enabled to
examine all of Peck’s specimens of this fungus in the herbarium
at Albany. One specimen collected by S. H. Burnham on an
apple tree trunk at Pike Pond, New York, July, 1910, has a
margin that is beautifully and evenly scalloped. The surface is
even, light-straw-colored, and has characteristically a “ kid glove
feeling.” There are one or two faint zones near the margin
formed by depression but there are no color differences. There
is a slight tendency to splitting up or pileolation, there being one
accessory pileus. The stem is much reduced or even lacking.
There is another specimen from Crown Point, N. Y., collected by
Dr. Peck, which is a cluster of three plants now in very poor con-
dition. No host is given but it is evidently the same species.

I have found Polyporus admirahilis only on apple trees, but it
is to be noted that there are two specimens in the State Her-
barium under this name that are of special interest, since they
were collected on other hosts than the apple tree. • The one on
ash found by S. H. Burnham at V'aughans, N. Y., July 6, 1907,
and mentioned in the report for 1907, p. 12, is a dead-white form
with minute pores. Two plants are joined together at their mar-
gins. The stems are quite distinct and prominent. The other
specimen was collected by Mr. Burnham at the same place August
25, 1911, on a “living fallen butternut.” The stem is central or
slightly eccentric and more pronounced. All of these specimens
are pure-white with no trace of straw-color,- otherwise they re-
semble those growing on ash. These forms on the ash and butter-
nut appear to be somewhat different from those on the apple tree
and are certainly more like specimens of P. Underwoodii in IMur-
rill’s collections at the New York Botanical Garden, but whether
these differences would hold in a larger range of specimens and
whether the spores of these forms would grow on the apple tree,
are questions of considerable interest and must be further studied.
Another specimen in the Albany Herbarium, which plainly should
be called P. admirahilis, bears the name Polyporus Underwoodii.

Dodge: Heart-Rot of Apple Trees

9

This was collected by Mr. Burnham at Pike Pond, July 23, 1910,
on a fallen apple tree trunk. Just why this was called Polyporus
Underwoodii and the one on the ash collected by the same person
at the same place should be called Polyporus admirabilis is not
clear. This specimen corresponds very well with the text descrip-
tion of P. admirabilis and to many of the forms collected at Camp
Columbia. It shows distinctly the tendency both to bracketing
and clustering. The margin is finely and irregularly scalloped.
It has the “ glace kid finish ” but is further markedly ribbed and
streaked with faint zonations in form and color. The depressed,
funnel-shaped disk is somewhat flesh-colored. The stems are
quite conspicuous, though short, but the pores extend down to
the base on the under surface.

In connection with the question as to the group relationship of
these forms, a specimen of “Polyporus Underwoodii” from the
Albany collection is of considerable interest. Lloyd has evidently
noted the obvious resemblance of these apple tree forms to the
Melanopus, black stemmed, group of polypores in stating that
Peck’s P. admirabilis is a variety of P. varius, or belongs to that
group, though he does not state that any of his specimens of the
apple tree fungus show a blackening of the stem. This specimen
of P. Underwoodii found on a willow stump to which I refer was
collected by H. J. Banker at Schagticoke, N. Y., August 27, 1908.
It has the general form and size of P. admirabilis with the irregu-
larly scalloped margin and depressed center. The specimen is
somewhat weathered and the surface is roughened and blackish-
spotted. The pore characters are not different. It has a con-
spicuous, sterile, blackened, eccentric stem and, like a smaller
specimen of the same collection, bears some resemblance to a
much exaggerated and unusually thin form (for its size) of
P. varius.

Another specimen collected by Dr. Banker August 2, 1904, and
referred to by Peck in describing P. Underwoodii is still closer to
P. admirabilis in appearance, but it has the black, though very
short stipe. One specimen from this collection given to the New
York Botanical Garden has a central stipe but otherwise resembles
the 1908 specimen from the same regions. Further collections of

10

Mycologia

this type of fungus with the black stem but otherwise resembling
P. admirabilis may clear up the relation between the apple tree
form and those of the Melanopus group, and all these relation-
ships must be cleared up if the question of protecting the apple
tree against heart-rot is to be attacked with any degree of success.

In every case where such a punk was discovered on the apple,
it was found that the heart-wood was in a bad state of decay,
although in some cases one would say, judging from external
appearances, that the tree was perfectly sound. The pores in all
of these species are very small and those of P. admirabilis are
extremely minute. The tubes are 1-2 mm. long and the flesh
varies in thickness 1-2 cm. at most toward the point of attach-
ment. As I have noted, some of the specimens show lines or
streaks extending from the margin to the central depressed region
(PI. ip4, f. 2). The single fruit-hody shown at the base of the
tree in PI. jyj, /. i, measured eighteen inches along its greatest
diameter and weighed four and one half pounds. This is prob-
ably the largest specimen of the species yet recorded and it has
been placed in the Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden.
Dr. Murrill has confirmed the identification of the species.

So far as I find, there is little in the literature relating to fungi
that cause heart-rots of apple tree. Morse and Lewis of the
Maine Agricultural Station describe several diseases affecting the
leaves and fruit of apples and discuss briefly the wood-rots of the
apple tree, but they do not ascribe the rots to any particular fungi.
Craig has made extensive surveys of the apple orchards of New
York and has discussed the subject of pruning as connected with
the decay of trees. He does not mention having seen this fungus
or any other of its kind on the living trees. The punks of this
polypore are evidently either rare or have been overlooked, since
there are only the half dozen specimens described above in the
herbarium at Albany and two at the New York Botanical Garden.
It will be interesting to learn whether a long rainy season, such
as we had in July and August, 1915, is one of the conditions
necessary for the production of the punks.

We found another type of fungus growing from a decayed root
stub in Mr. Bennett’s grove near Camp Columbia. It is a white

Dodge: Heart-Rot of Apple Trees

11

polypore {PI. 174, f. i) three or four inches in diameter, de-
pressed or funnel-shaped and somewhat inequilateral. The sur-
face is radially split or cracked and somewhat lobed, and is also
broken up into concentrically arranged scale-like tufts. The tubes
are large and angular, running down on the stem, which is very
well marked. This plant is tough from the first, about the con-
sistency of the railroad tie fungus {Lentinus lepideus). It was
kept under observation for about three weeks. At the time the
photograph shown in PL 174, f. i, was taken, Mr. Paddock called
my attention to the spores that were being shed in little white
clouds. It is possible that this is a form of Polyporus admirabilis
that grows saprophytically on wood other than that of the apple
tree. The character of the surface, the large size of the angular
pores, and its place of growth, suggest more strongly, however,
that it is quite another species. Dr. Murrill, who has examined
this specimen, informs me that it is near P. Underwoodii, although
it does not have a black stem as do both the specimens at Albany
and as required by the description.

The apple grower is much more interested in the extent of
damage that is being wrought than in controversies over the iden-
tity of the fungus causing the disease. He wants to know how
to recognize the fungus, how to cure the diseased tree, and how
to prevent further infection. While it is the part of wisdom to
follow the most approved methods of pruning, it may be well to
consider whether the ordinary precautions that are taken to coat
the cut surface with paint is really of much avail in keeping out
the spores of these fungi. Freezing and thawing, wetting and
drying certainly will cause cracks to open up and, unless the sur-
face is kept well painted until a callus completely covers the
wound, there can be no certainty that some fungus will not gain
entrance. The fungus here_ under consideration causing the
heart-rot of apple trees could, perhaps, be more easily controlled
by the destruction of the spore-producing bodies themselves, since
they are large and conspicuous and easily removable.

Other Types of Punks Causing Heart-rot of Apple Trees

As I have noted previously, P. admirabilis belongs to the group
in which the fruit-body has a stem, although it may be very much

12

Mycologia

reduced. There is a series of other forms that were even more
common on apple trees during the past season, which are brackets
in form and are often placed one above the other and closely con-
nected. A beautiful example of this type {PI. 175, f. 2) was
found August 10 on a tree in the orchard near Robert Hill’s resi-
dence, a few miles from Camp Columbia. In color, size of pores,
zonation and consistency of flesh, I was unable to distinguish be-
tween it and such a form of P. admirabilis as is shown in pi. jyj,
/. j. The fact that the former is a shelving or bracketed punk,
however, suggests that it must be an entirely different species.
Further search has shown that many apple trees were infected
this year with a form resembling this one. It is impossible to say
what conclusion will be reached as to the number of species in-
volved until a more extensive study of these apple tree fungi has
been made. I have found similar punks in many old orchards in
New York, New Jersey, and in several localities in Connecticut,
and have a form collected by Professor Harper on a living apple
tree at Bedford City, Va., September 16. These forms are much
more abundant at Camp Columbia than P. admirabilis. Most
commonly the base of the tree would be quite covered on one
side with such punks as are shown in PI. 175, f. i. The heart-
wood as the result of the attack is usually very spongy or entirely
decayed. The fungi are so fragile that it is difficult to cut out
the bark and sap-wood bearing them without shattering the punks.
The upper surface in this particular type is soft and spongy, at
first somewhat “ foamy ” in appearance. They are sometimes
quite thin at the edge, thickening further back or even becoming
hoof-shaped (PI. 175, f. i). The only difference between this
form and the one found at Robert Hill’s appears to be the char-
acter of the upper surface and the texture of the flesh. The pores
are somewhat larger and the flesh thicker in the former. Both
forms were observed for several days as they were growing and
these differences were quite noticeable from the first.

A somewhat different type was found by Mr. R. R. Stewart at
New Rochelle, N. Y., September 21, and its pore surface is shown
in PI. 775, /. 5. This single specimen was growing on a living
apple tree about five or six feet from the ground. It is a thin.

Dodge: Heart-Rot of Apple Trees

13

flat form about four inches wide by six inches long, and not over
half an inch thick. The tubes are about one fourth of an inch
long, the flesh is zonate and about as thick as the tubes are long.
The fungus was white when fresh but it turned yellowish or
straw-colored on drying. We have further specimens of this type
of fungus, many of them growing on the inside of the hollow
trunks of the apple tree. Mr. Burgdorff called my attention to
one of this kind at Scarsdale, November 17. About five feet
above the ground there was a large knot-hole leading into the
hollow trunk of an apple tree about seventy-five years old. Sev-
eral overlapping, much divided brackets had developed inside the
trunk on the decayed heartwood about a foot above the opening
formed by the knot-hole. This led me to examine more closely
hollow trees in different localities and, in one orchard at Spring
Valley, N. Y., on November 26, we found six different trees that
had the same type of fungus entirely concealed within. In all
cases the color was masked by the pulverized wood, the tubes and
flesh were dingy or brownish. The upper surface especially was
a reddish-brown. The ones found at Spring Valley were hard
and dry and had evidently reached maturity several weeks pre-
viously. On December 7, Mr. Burgdorff brought in another
specimen of this same general type, although there are in this one
certain peculiarities that may serve to connect up many of the
forms that are found on the apple tree. It was late in the sea-
son, the fungus was in fairly good condition, and spores could be
found in abundance. It was about five inches long and six inches
wide, consisting of several shelving brackets grown together be-
hind, and the flesh was beautifully zonate and at least an inch
thick, thinning out toward the margin. The tubes were about
one fourth of an inch in length.

Professor Harper, as noted above, found quite another type
growing on an apple tree at Bedford City, Va., September 16.
This form, shown on PI. iy6, resembles the one shown on PI. 275
with respect to surface markings, etc., but it is a solitary form,
more hoof-shaped, and has flesh that is several inches thick and
strikingly zonate. The tubes are half an inch long and very
much larger than those of any other specimens previously men-

14

Mycologia

tioned. It is a heavy, soggy fungus, drying hard and horny.
Dr. Murrill identifies this form as Spongipellis fissilis.

We have thus several types of the second form of fungus caus-
ing a heart-rot of the apple trees. Just what is their identity
cannot be determined with certainty at present. Dr. Murrill, who
has seen some of our specimens from the vicinity of New York
City, identifies them as Spongipellis galactinus. There is a speci-
men at the New York Botanical Garden bearing this name col-
lected by F. C. Stewart from a living apple tree. His field notes
state : “ Pure white, inside a hollow apple tree. Redding, Conn.,
1907.” Murrill mentions this peculiarity in a note (Bull. Torrey
Club 32 : 476, 1905). He says: “One of its favorite hosts is the
apple tree, on which it has several times been found in New York
and Connecticut, growing inside partially decayed trunks or emerg-
ing from knot-holes in living trees. When fresh, it is pure-white
or watery-white and so full of water that this may be squeezed
out as from a sponge.”

This is a very interesting series of forms connected with the
destruction of orchards of the region. None of them has been
hitherto regarded as particularly damaging to the apple tree, but
there can be no question, in my opinion, that they are quite limited
to the apple tree. Mr. Lloyd reports twenty collections of this
second series of types, most of them from apple trees of the New
England States. A few are from chestnut. He calls them Poly-
porns spumeus var. malicolus. Lloyd evidently recognized this
form as particularly limited to the apple and mentions that they
are the cause of heart-rot of apple trees of New England.
Whether his identification of these forms is correct, is a question
that can be determined only by further study of the group, which
should, of course, include inoculation experiments.

Columbia University,

New York City.

Mycologia

Plate CLXXIII

FOLYPORUS ADMIRABILIS PECK

Mycologia

Plate CLXXIV

1. POLYPORUS sp.

2. POLYPORUS ADMIRABILIS PECK

Mycologia

Plate CLXXV

SPONGIPELLIS GALACTINUS (BERK.) PAT.

• *

Mycologia

Plate CLXXVI

SPOXGIPELl.lS FISSILIS (BERK & CURT.) MERRILL

Dodge: Heart-Rot of Apple Trees

15

Explanation of Plates CLXXIII-CLXXVI

All the specimens mentioned here were collected on living apple trees, with
the exception of that shown on PI. iy4, f. i.

Plate CLXXIII

Fig. I. An old apple tree that had been struck by lightning some time in
the past. Three punks matured August is, 1915. The one below on the
trunk was eighteen inches across. These are good specimens of Polyporus
admirabilis.

Fig. 2. Shows a cluster of the punks apparently growing from a healthy
limb. In reality the heart-wood was decayed. Specimens now in the her-
barium of the New York Botanical Garden.

Fig. 3. Polyporus admirabilis on a young apple tree at South View Inn.

Plate CLXXIV

Fig. I. A specimen of Polyporus near P. Utiderwoodii found on a decayed
root stub in Bennett’s grove.

Fig. 2. Polyporus admirabilis from Mr. Weik’s orchard. A much folded
specimen resembling a cluster of three individuals.

Plate CLXXV

Fig. I. These specimens have been identified by Dr. Murrill as Spongi-
pellis galactinus. [Would be called Polyporus spumeus var. malicolus by Mr.
Lloyd.

Fig. 2. The specimen from Robert Hill’s orchard near Camp Columbia has
many of the characters of P. admirabilis, yet is plainly one of the bracket
forms like those shown in Fig. i.

Fig. 3. Pore surface from a specimen found by Mr. Stewart at New
Rochelle, September 21, 1915.

Plate CLXXVI

A form found by Professor Harper on living apple tree at Bedford City,
Virginia, September 16, 1915, identified by Dr. Murrill as Spongipellis fissilis.

Fig. I. Shows the thick flesh, which is beautifully zonate, the long tubes,
and rough surface.

Fig. 2. View of the pore surface.

UREDINALES OF PORTO RICO BASED ON
COLLECTIONS BY F. L. STEVENS^

J. C. Arthur

Species Reported from Porto Rico Not Represented Above

no. Ravenelia portoricensis Arth., on Cassia emarginata L.
(Caesalpiniaceae) , Ponce, Dec. 3, 1902, A. A. Heller dipj.
Also in Jamaica on Cassia sp.

111. Hemileia vastatrix B. & Br. on Coffea arabica L. {Rubia-

ceae) , said to have once been found, and subsequently
exterminated.

1 12. Tranzsciielia punctata (Pers.) Arth. (Puccinia Priini-

spinosac Pers.), on Amygdalus persica L. {Amygdala-
ceae), Mayagiiez, May, 1903, F. S. Earle 8^. Also in Ber-
muda on same host.

1 13. Uromyces Cologaniae Arth., II, on Teraninus uncinatus

Sw. (Fabaceae) , Cayey, mountai nside north of city, Jan-
uary, 1911, E. W. D. Holway.

1 14. Uromyces Howei Peck, on Asclepias curassavica L. (Ascle-

piadaceae) , Comercio, February, 1911, E. W. D. Holway.

1 15. Uromyces Pavoniae Arth., on Pavonia racemosa L. {Mal-

vaceae), Mayagiiez and Joyua, June-July, 1901, L. M.
Underwood /pj.

1 16. Puccinia purpurea Cooke, on Helens Sorghmn L. (Sorghum

vulgare Pers.) (Poaceae) , La Carmelita, April, 1904, G. P.
Clinton; Rio Piedras, May, 1912, Cowgill & Johnston 505.
Also on same host in Cuba ; on Holcus halepensis L.
{Sorghum halepense L.) in Cuba and Jamaica; and on
Sorghum officinarum L. in Bermuda.

1 17. Puccinia Scirpi DC. {Aecidium Nymphoidis DC.), on

Scirpus lacustris L. {Cyperaceae) , in a meadow near
Guanica, Dec. 15, 1902, A. A. Heller 62pi. The aecia

1 Continued from Mycologia 7: 332. 1915.

1C)

Arthur : Uredinales of Porto Rico

17

were collected by Charles Wright on Limnanthemum
Grayanum Griseb. {Menyanthaceae) , in Pinar del Rio,
Cuba, December, 1857 or 1858. No other West Indian
stations are known.

1 18. Puccinia Cordiae sp. nov.

Uredinia hypophyllous, scattered, sometimes in coalescent
groups of a few sori each, round, 0.2-0.4 mm. across, dark cinna-
mon-brown; paraphyses peripheral, hyphoid, 10-18 by 4S~7Sl^>
the wall thin, i /x, colorless ; urediniospores broadly ellipsoid or
globoid, 21-25 by 28-35 /a; wall golden-brown, 1.5-2 /x thick, usu-
ally thicker above, 5-12 /*, often somewhat thickened at hilum,
closely verrucose, the pores indistinct, probably 3 or 4, equatorial.

Telia resembling uredinia but darker color, chestnut-brown;
teliospores ellipsoid, 19-26 by 37-55/^, rounded at both ends, not
constricted at septum; wall dark chestnut-brown, uniformly
thick, 2.5-3 /i, or slightly thicker above, very coarsely and sparsely
verrucose, especially above ; pedicel colorless, 6-9 by 30-40 fx,
hygroscopic near base, swelling in water to 20 fx in diameter.

On Ehretiaceae:

Cordia alliodora (R. & Pav.) Cham., Ponce, January, 1911,
E. W. D. Holway.

A rust on Cordia sp. from Peru has been described by Hen-
nings under the name Uredo Cordiae (Hedwigia 43 : 163. 1904).
The morphological characters are similar, but in habit it is said
to produce gall-like swellings in the leaves and shoots resulting in
witches-brooms, while the material from Porto Rico shows
nothing of this sort.

1 19. Puccinia Xanthii Schw. on Xanthium longirostre

Wallr. (Ambrosiaceae) , San Juan, Eebruary, 1914, Britton
and Cowell 148^; Santurce, February, 1914, J. R. Johnston
1338. Also in Cuba and St. Domingo on same host.

120. Uredo superior Arth. on Fimbristylis spadicea (L.) Vahl

(Cyperaceae) , low ground along the coast, eight miles
west of Ponce, Dec. 12, 1902, A. A. Heller 6279. Also
reported by Mayor (1. c., p. 581) from Haiti on same host.

121. Uredo Artocarpi B. & Br. (Physopella (?) Artocarpi

Arth.) on Artocarpus communis Forst. (Artocarpaceae) ,
Mayagiiez, April, 1904, G. P. Clinton 162. Only Ameri-
can station known.

18

Mycologia

122. Uredo gynandrearum Corda, on Habenaria maculosa L.

(Orchidaceae) , Catano, January, 1911, C. F. Millspaugh
257. Also on same host, El Yunque, Cuba, December,
1910, J. A. Shafer 7pp2. Both specimens were found in
the phanerogamic collection at the New York Botanical
Garden.

Species Reported from the West Indies but Not Known
FROM Porto Rico

123. CoLEosPORiUM Eupatorii Arth., on Eupatorium macro-

phyllum L. (Carduaceae) , Cuba.

124. Alveolaria Cordiae Lagerh., on Cordia cylindrostachya

R. & S. (Eliretiaceae) , Jamaica.

125. Ravenelia Humphreyana P. Henn., on Poinciana pul-

cherrima L. (Caesalpiniaceae) , Cuba, Jamaica.

126. Ravenelia papillifera Sydow, on Cassia angusHsiliqua

Lam. {Caesalpiniaceae) , Bahamas.

127. Calliospora Farlowii Arth., on Parosela domingensis

(DC.) Heller (Fabaceae) , Cuba.

128. Prospodium bahamense Arth., on Tecoma Leucoxylon

(L.) Mart. {Bignoniaceae) , Bahamas.

129. Prospodium plagiopus (Mont.) Arth. {Puccinia plagiopus

Mont.) on Tecoma lepidota (H. B. K.) DC. {Bignonia-
ceae), Cuba.

130. Nephlyctis transformans (Ellis & Ev.) Arth. {Puccinia

transformans Ellis & Ev., P. exitiosa Syd. & Holw.), on
Stenolobium Stans (L.) D. Don {Tecoma Stans Juss.)
{Bignoniaceae) , Bahamas, Cuba.

131. Gymnosporangium bermudianum (Farl.) Earle, on Juni-

perus bermudiana L. {Juniperaceae) , Bermuda, on /.
lucayana Britt., Bahamas.

132. Eriosporangium evadens (Harkn.) Arth., on Baccharis sp.

{Carduaceae) , Cuba.

133. Uromyces Medicaginis Pass. {Nigredo M edicaginis Axih..)

on Medicago denticulata Willd. {Fabaceae) , Bermuda.

134. Uromyces Trifolii (Hedw. f.) Lev. {Nigredo Trifolii

Arth.) on Trifolium repens L. {Fabaceae) , Jamaica.

Arthur: Uredinales of Porto Rico

19

135. PucciNiA Cladii Ellis & Tracy, on Mariscus jamaicense

(Crantz) Britt. (Cladium effusiim Torr.) (Cyperaceae) ,
Bermuda.

136. PucciNiA OxALiDis (Lev.) Diet. & Ellis {Argomyces ( ?)

Oxalidis Arth.), on lonoxalis Marticna (Zucc.) Small
(Oxalidaceae) , Jamaica.

137. PucciNiA OPULENTA Speg., on Exogottium arenarium

(Steud.) Choisy (Ipomoea arenaria Steud., I. Steudeli
Millsp.) (Convolvidcaeae) , St. Thomas, March, 1913, J.
N. Rose.

138. PucciNiA Spilanthis P. Henn., on Spilanthes oleracea

Jacq. {Carduaceae) , Martinique.

139. PucciNiA Spegazzinii DeT., on Mikania scandens (L.)

Willd. {Carduaceae), Martinique, Aug. 4, 1913, F. L.
Stevens sgpi.

140. Uredo Anthephorae Sydow, on Anthephora hermaphro-

dita (L.) Kuntze (A. elegans R. & S.) {Poaceae) , Cuba.

141. Uredo Heliconiae Diet., on Bihai psittacorum (L. f.)

Kuntze {Heliconia psittacorum L. f.) {Scitamineae) , Mar-
tinique, Aug. 4, 1913, F. L. Stevens 2g6p.

142. Uredo Wilsoni Arth., on Anastrophia bahamensis Urban

(Podostemaceae) , Bahamas.

Appendix

Since the study was completed of Professor Stevens’ Porto
Rican collections of 1 91 2-14, and a large part of the article in
type, additional collections made by Professor Stevens during
June, July and August, 1915, have come to hand. In this sup-
plementary lot of Porto Rican material there are some 254 num-
bers, representing about 78 species. A part of the new material,
as would be expected, duplicates that previously secured, but in
many instances it was obtained in new localities. In some cases
a species was found not previously known from Porto Rico, or
on an unrecorded Porto Rican host. The new material has, fur-
thermore, proved surprisingly rich in species heretofore quite un-
known to science.

In order to make the account of the Porto Rican rusts as com-

20

Mycologia

plete as possible, the species and hosts from the new material,
not mentioned in the preceding part as occurring in Porto Rico,
are here appended. In order to conserve space the remainder of
the 1915 material is not cited, although many additional localities
are represented.

Two species were added to the previous supplementary lists,
after the statistics on pages 170 and 171 were in type. One was
a Porto Rican species and the other from another West Indian
island. The collections of 1915 here recorded add 12 species to
the foregoing record of Porto Rican rusts. The total number of
species of rusts now known from Porto Rico is brought up to 135,
and from all the West Indian islands to 155. Of this large rust
flora Professor Stevens secured during his twenty-four months’
sojourn in the West Indies all but eleven of the known species
from Porto Rico, and all but thirty from the whole West Indian
flora. Truly a remarkable record. His collections supplied
twenty species new to science and an equal number of additional
species not previously recorded for North America, beside many
new hosts.

Additional Species from Porto Rico

143. Ravenelia Cebil Speg., on Piptadenia peregrina (L,.) Benth.

(Caesalpiniaceae) Pehuelas, July, 1915, II, pi39- No au-
thentic material of this South American species has been
seen, but the ample Porto Rican material, so far as uredinia
are concerned, agrees closely with Spegazzini’s excellent
description (An. Mus. Nac. B. Aires 19; 295. 1909).

The Porto Rican host, P. peregrina, is placed by Engler &
Prantl in the same third section of the genus Piptadenia
as the Argentine type host, P. macrocarpa, evidencing near
relationship. The assignment of the collection is, there-
fore, made with considerable confidence, although the telia
are absent.

144. Ravenelia cassiaecola Atks., on Chaniaecrista AescJiyno-

mene (DC.) Greene (Caesalpiniaceae), El Gigante, July
16, 1915, II, Sjoj. Heretofore this rust has been known
only from the southeastern United States.

145. PucciNiA Cynodontis DeLac., on Capriola Dactylon (L.)

Arthur: Uredinales of Porto Rico

21

Kuntze {Cynodon Dactylon Pers.), (Poaceae), Rio Pie-
dras, June ii, 1915, II, /oop, Mayagtiez, June 16, 1915, II,
7114.

146. Uredo pustulata P. Henn., on Stenorrhynchus lanceolatus

(Aubl.) Griseb. (Orchidaceae) , Las Marias, July 10, 19i5>
818^. The first record of this species for North America,
hitherto known only in Brazil.

147. Uredo Guacae Mayor, on Epidendrum difforme Jacq. (Or-

chidaceae), Jejome Alto, July 17, 1915, 8434, Bandera,
July 15, 1915, 8669. The same rust was collected on Epi-
dendrum rigidum Jacq. at Summit Pass, south of Cayey,
P. R., January, 1911, by E. W. D. Holway. It has not
before been recognized as a part of the North American
flora.

148. Uredo venustula sp. nov.

Uredinia hypophyllous, scattered, oblong or linear, o. 1-0.2 mm.
broad by 0.3-0.8 mm. long, early naked, chestnut-brown, rup-
tured epidermis evident ; paraphyses numerous, prominent up-
right, clavate-capitate, 16-20 by 40-55 the wall chestnut-brown
above, paler below, 1.5-3 /a along the stalk, 6-10 n above; uredi-
niospores broadly ellipsoid or globoid, 18-23 by 22-27 /x; wall
light chestnut-brown, 1-1.5/x thick, closely and finely echinulate,
the pores quite distinct, 4, equatorial.

On Poaceae:

Andropogon brez’ifolius Sw., Las Marias, July 10, 1915.
8147.

A distinctive rust, with prominent sori, due to the great abun-
dance of very dark paraphyses. The species is similar to Uredo
Kaernbachii P. Henn., on Andropogon Schoenanthus, known only
from the Bismark archipelago in the south seas. The color and
size of both urediniospores and paraphyses are not materially dif-
ferent in the two forms, but the West Indian species has much
thinner walls to the spores, and the sori are more prominent.
Although both are on tropical grasses of wide distribution, yet
they belong to different sections of the host genus, or to different
genera according to some authors.

149. Uredo Olyrae P. Henn., on Oplismeniis hirtellus (L.) R.

& S. (Poaceae), Las Marias, July 10, 1915, 8118. The

22

Mycologia

thick-walled and coarsely echinulate spores without para-
physes readily distinguish this species from related forms.
The type collection, with which the Porto Rican material
has been compared, is from Peru, and on an undetermined
species of Olyra. This is the second record for the
species.

150. Uredo Anthurii Hariot, on Anthurium scandens (Aubl.)

Engler (Araceae), El Alto, July 16, 1915, 8yi6. The host
ranges from Mexico to Brazil. The fungus was described
(Jour, de Bot. 1892, p. 458) from material collected on an
undetermined species of Anthurium in the greenhouses of
the Jardin des Plantes in Paris. The present record is
probably the first of a collection from the field. The
fungus on the Porto Rican material may be described as
follows : Uredinia chiefly hypophyllous, scattered, or some-
what grouped on slightly discolored spots, bullate, the
membranous epidermis tardily breaking away, pale, some-
what pulverulent, 0.5-0.8 mm. across; paraphyses and
peridium none; urediniospores irregularly obovoid, 18-26
by 29-37 />,; wall colorless or nearly so, thin, 1-1.5/14, mod-
erately echinulate, pores not visible.

151. Uredo globulosa sp. nov.

Uredinia chiefly hypophyllous, numerous over the whole length
of the leaf, 2-5 on well-defined, purplish-black spots, 0.5-1 mm.
across, or singly without discoloration, bullate, in cross-section
depressed-globose, 65-80 fi high by 1 50-325 /u, broad, somewhat
smaller when solitary ; peridium usually deeply discolored, sharply
delimiting the sorus from the rather loose leaf-tissue, opening by
a central orifice, the cells polygonal, with walls about 2/u, thick;
urediniospores stylosporic, broadly obovoid, 15-19 by 20-26 /u;
wall colorless or nearly so, thin, about 1.5 /u., finely and closely
echinulate, the pores obscure.

On Amaryllidaceae :

Hypoxis decumbens L., Las Marias, July 10, 1915, 812^
(type), Bandera, July 15, 1915, <5*577, ^<^30-
This distinctive rust is especially notable by reason of the pedi-
cillate spores borne in a delicate, sac-like peridium, which be-
comes filled with the detached spores, the whole structure lying

Arthur: Uredinales of Porto Rico

23

loosely in the tissues of the host, from which it is usually sharply
defined by a deep stain. Careful search was made for telia,
without success.

The same species of rust and on the same species of host was
collected by E. W. D. Holway in Jalapa, Mexico, October 3, 1898,

3090.

152. Uredo Piperis P. Henn., on Peperomia hernandifolia

(Vahl) A. Dietr. (Piperaceae) , Bandera, July 14, 1915,
82^3. The excellent material secured by Professor Stevens
is placed under this Brazilian species with some hesitation,
as the type has not been seen. The applicable description
(Hedw. Beibl. 38: 70. 1899), and the close relationship

of the two tropical host genera. Piper with its 600 species,
and Peperomia with its 400 species, however, seem to war-
rant the use of the name. There is a Uredo Peperomiae
P. Henn. from Brazil, which is a distinctly different fungus.

153. Uredo Sauvagesiae sp. nov.

Uredinia hypophyllous, grouped on blackish-purple spots, 1-3
mm. across, round, small, o.i mm. in diameter, ruptured epidermis
prominent, dark cinnamon-brown, subepidermal ; urediniospores
ellipsoid or obovoid, 17-20 by 24-27 /.i; wall cinnamon-brown,
thin, 1-1.5/t, closely and finely echinulate, the pores indistinct,
probably two and equatorial.

On Ochnaceae :

Sauvagesia erecta L., Jejome Alto, July 17, 1915, 83/6.
The host is a common tropical plant occurring around the world.
No rust has heretofore been reported upon it, or upon any member
of the family. The sorus is of the usual applanate sort common
to the Aecidiaceae, without paraphyses.

154. Uredo Hameliae sp. nov.

Uredinia epiphyllous, loosely grouped on indefinite, slightly
paler and unthickened spots 1-1.5 cm. across, applanate, round,
small, 0.2-0.4 mm. across, pale cinnamon-brown ; urediniospores
globoid or short obovoid, 15-21 by 19-24 ju,; wall pale yellowish,
thin, 1 fx, distinctly echinulate with points i-i.5ju. apart, the pores
uncertain, possibly 2 and equatorial.

On Rubiaceae :

H amelia erecta Jacq. {H. patens Jacq.), Lajos, June 17,

1915-

24

Mycologia

The material shows good development of this rather inconspicu-
ous rust. No closely related form is known. The host genus is
American ; the species extends from Mexico and the West Indies
to Patagonia.

155- PucciNiA FARiNACEA Long, on Salvia coccinea B. Juss.
(Lamiaceae) , El Gigante, July i6, 1915, 8jjo. The sec-
ond time the host has been reported for this rust, the first
collection of it being made in Texas in 1898.

Change in Name and Added Description

109a. Schroeteriaster fenestrala (Arth.) comb. nov.

Uredo fenestrala Arth., Mycologia 7; 332. 1915.

II. Uredinia, 1. c.

III. Telia hypophyllous, abundant, scattered, or somewhat ag-
gregated on yellowish, indefinite spots, punctiform, slightly ele-
vated, dark or even blackish brown, 0.1-0.25 mm. across, subepi-
dermal, lenticular, firm ; teliospores imperfectly catenulate in
chains of 2-4, closely compacted, oblong, 10-16 by 23-27 /x; wall
light cinnamon-brown, thin, 1-1.5/x, outer wall of terminal spores
thicker, 3-5 /x, smooth.

On Euphorbiaceae :

Phyllanthus grandifolius L., Martin Pena, Aug. ii, 1915,

• 9314-

It is most fortunate that Professor Stevens was able this season
to find more complete material of this interesting rust. The telia
on the present collection, which consists of about twenty leaves,
are abundant and well matured. They bear out the prediction,
made in the introduction (p. 170), as to the genetic position.

Additional Hosts for Porto Rican Species

15a. Argomyces Vernoniae Arth., on V ernonia albicanlis Pers.,
Bandera, July 15, 1915,9045’. This makes the third species
of host recorded for the rust.

i8a. Uromyces ignobilis (Syd.) Arth., on Sporobolns virginicus
(L.) Kunth, Camuy, Aug. 10, 1915, II, 9230. A new host
for this rust.

200. Uromyces Scleriae P. Henn., on Scleria canescens Boeckl.,
Jejome Alto, July 17, 1915, 8437, El Alto, July 16, 1915,
8684.

Arthur : Uredinales of Porto Rico

25

28a. Uromyces proeminens (DC.) Pass., on Chamaesyce hyper-
icifolia (L.) Small, Lajas, June 18, 1915, 7-^7^-

34a. Uromyces Bidentis Lagerh., on Bidens pilosa L., Arecibo
and Lares Road, June 21, 1915, 75/1, Rio Piedras, Aug. ii,
1915, p-?pz, Panama river, July 6, 1915, 7^PP, Maricao,
July 20, 1915, <?p7p.

38a. PucciNiA Cenchri Diet. & Holw., on Cenchrus carolinianus
Walt., Camuy, Aug. 10, 1915, II, 9232.

40a. PucciNiA Huberi P. Henn., on Panicum fascicnlatum Sw.,
Panama river, July 6, 1915, II, 7816.

41a. PucciNiA LEVIS (Sacc. & Bizz.) Magn., on Paspalum fim-
briatum H. B. K., Cabo Rojo, July 29, 1915, II, P074-

42a. PucciNiA SUBSTRIATA Ellis & Barth., on Chactochloa im-
berbis (Poir.) Scribn., without locality, August, 1915,
9182.

430. PucciNiA CANALicuLATA (Scliw.) Lagerh., on Cy perns
odoratus L., San Jose Lagune, Aug. 10, 1915, 922^, 9224;
Rio Piedras, Aug. ii, 1915, 9289; C. distans L., without
locality, 1915, 9192a.

440. PucciNiA Eleocharidis hrth., on Eleocharis ftaccida (Spr.)
Urban, Bandero, July 15, 1915, II, 9045; E. mntata (L.)
R. & S., Guanajibo, June 19, 1915, II, 7198, San Jose La-
gune, Aug. 10, 1915, 9192-, E. capitata (L.) R. Br., San
Jose Lagune, Aug. 10, 1915, 9227, Martin Pena, Aug. ii,
1915, 9301.

47a. PucciNiA Cannae (Wint.) P. Henn., Ca/at/ica lutea (Aubl.)
Mey. (Marantaceae) Mayagiiez, June 29, 1915, 7383. Phe
first record for a rust on this host.

67a. PucciNiA LATERiTiA Berk. & Curt., on Spermacoce riparia
C. & S., Aquadilla, June 20, 1915, 7237.

70a. PucciNiA Syndrellae P. Henn., on Neurolaena lobata (L.)
R. Br., Florida Adentro, July 7, 1915, 7639. Phe rust on
this host, heretofore only known from Cuba, was also
found by Mr. Percy Wilson in the phanerogamic her-
barium of the New York Botanical Garden on a specimen
from Panama, collected April 13, 1908, by R. S. Williams.

99a. Uredo Gymnogrammes P. Henn., on Adianturn latifolium
Lam., Las Marias, July 10, 1915, 8178.

26

Mycologia

I2ia. Uredo Artocarpi B. & Br., on Artocarpus Camansi Bhnco,
without locality, August, 1915, p//p. Some slight uncer-
tainty exists regarding the host, as no flowers or fruit
accompanied the material.

In order to make the foregoing rust flora of the West Indies
more serviceable as a reference work an index has been prepared
for the more than three hundred fungous names and the consid-
erably more than four hundred host names,

Index to Uredinales of the West Indies
New and newly combined names are in bold face

Aecidiella Triumfettae 71
Aecidium abscedens 76
Borreriae 77
Cestri 30
Cissi 78

circumscriptum 78
Clibadii 79

compositarum Eupatorii 44
decoloratum 79
desmium 6
detritum 72
expansum 80
favaceum 72
Hyptidis 62, 64
Leonotidis 61
luzoniense 72
Nymphoidis 117
passifloriicola 73
Phyllanthi 72
pulverulentum 76
Randiae 76
Rivinae 49
roseum 68
solaniphilum 75
Tournefortiae 74
tubulosum 75
tucumanense 62
Uleanum 75
Wedeliae 81
Alveolaria Cordiae 124
Argomyces insulanus 14
Oxalidis 134
Vernoniae 15, 15a
Calliospora Farlowii 127
Cerotelium Canavaliae 8

Coleosporium Elephantopodis i
Eupatorii 123
Ipomoeae 2
Plumierae 3
Dasyspora foveolata 56
Dicaeoma canaliculatum 43
cubense 70
deformatum 39
Eleocharidis 44
Paspali 41
pulcherrimum 54
Diorchidium leve 41
Endophyllum Rivinae 49
Eriosporangium evadens 131
Hyptidis 63
tucumanense 62

Gymnosporangium bermudianum 130
Hemileia vastatrix in
Klebahnia Bidentis 34
Kuehneola Fici 5
Gossypii 6

Milesia columbiensis 7
consimilis 7
Kriegeriana 7
Milesina columbiensis 7
Kriegeriana 7

Nephlyctis transformans 129
Nigredo appendiculata 24
Columbiana 33
Commelinae 21
Dolicholi 25
Eragrostidis 16
Hedysari-paniculati 26
Helleriana 31
leptoderma 17

Arthur : Uredinales of Porto Rico

27

Nigredo major i8
Medicaginis 132
Neurocarpi 27
profiminens 28
Rhyncosporae 19
Scleriae 20
Trifolii 133

Phakopsora Phyllanthi 109
Vitis 4

Physopella Aeschynomenis 106
Artocarpi 121
Fici 5
ficina 5
Vitis 4

Prospodium appendiculatum 13
bahamense 128
plagiopus 129

Puccinia appendiculata 13
Arechavelatae 52
Becki 14
Blechi 66
Cameliae 37
canaliculata 43, 43a, 81
Cannae, 47, 47a
Cenchri 38, 38a
Chaetochloae 42
Cladii 13s
compacta 56
concrescens 56
Convolvuli 32
Cordiae 118
crassipes 58
Cynanchi S7
Cynodontis 145
Cyperi 43
deformata 39
Dolichi 25

Eleocharidis 44, 44a
Emiliae 70
Euphorbiae 51
exitiosa 129
Eleutherantherae 70
farinacea 155
Fimbristylidis 45
Fuirenae 84
Gonolobi 57
Gouaniae 53
gouaniicola 53
gregaria 56

Puccinia hemisphaerica 95
heterospora 54
Huberi 40, 400
Hyptidis 63
inflata 50
insititia 64
Ipomoeae 58
Jambosae 55
Lantanae 59
lateritia 67, 670
leonotidicola 61
Leonotidis 61
levis 41, 41a
macropoda 48
medellinensis 62
obliqua 57
opulenta 135
Oxalidis 134
panicicola 17
Paspali 41
plagiopus 128
Pruni-spinosae 112
Psidii 55
purpurea 116
Raunkiaerii 49
Rivinae 49
Rompelii 55
rosea 68
salviicola 63
sanguinolenta 55
Scirpi 1 17
scleriicola 46
solida 70
Spegazzinii 137
sphaerospora 57
Spilanthis 136
substriata 42, 42a
Synedrellae 70, 700
tageticola 69
Thaliae 47
Thwaitesii 54
transformans 129
Tridacis 70
tucumanensis 62
Urbaniana 60
Vernoniae 14
Vernoniae-mollis 14
Xanthii 119
xanthopoda 46

28

Mycologia

Pucciniosira pallidula 71
Ravenelia Caesalpiniae 22
capituliformis 103
cassiaecola 144
caulicola 9
Cebil 143
Humphreyana 125
Indigoferae 10
Ingae ii
papillifera 126
portoricensis no
Stevensii 12
Rostrupia Scleriae 46
Schroeteriaster fenestrala 1090
Sphaeria canaliculata 43
Tranzschelia punctata 112
Uredo Aeschynomenis 106
Agerati 68
amaniensis 34
Anthephorae 138
Anthurii 150
Arachidis 90
Artocarpi 121, 121a
balaensis 66
bidenticola 34
Bidentis 34
biocellata 96
Bixae 102
Cabreriana 91
Cajani 25
Cameliae 37
cancerina 61
Cannae 47
capituliformis 103
Cephalanthi 94
Cestri 30
Chaetochloae 42
Commelinaceae 21
Commelinae 21
Commelyneae 105
concors 107
Cordiae 118
Cupheae 92
Desmodii-tortuosi 26
Dichromenae 83
Dioscoreae 85
Dolichi 25
Erythroxylonis 87
Eugeniarum 55

Uredo fallaciosa 93
fenestrala 109
Eici 5
ficicola 5
ficina 5
flavidula 55
Fuirenae 84
gemmata 32, 53
globulosa 15 1
Gossypii 6
Gouaniae 104
Guacae 147

Gymndgrammes 99, 990
gynandrearum 122
Hameliae 154
Heliconiae 139
Hymenaeae 88
ignobilis 18
Jacquemontiae 32
Janiphae 29
jatrophicola 108
Kyllingiae 43
leonoticola 61
Leonotidis 61
lutea 89
moricola 5
Myrtacearum 55
neurophyla 55
nigropunctata 86
Olyrae 149
pamparum 25
paspalicola 82
Phyllanthi 109
Piperis 152
proximella 95
pustulata
rubescens 101
sabiceicola 94
Sauvagesiae 153
Sparganophori 98
Stevensiana 100
striolata 48
subneurophyla 55
superior 120
superficialis 99
Teramni 107
venustula 148
Vialae 4
vicina 97

Arthur : Uredinales of Porto Rico

29

Uredo Vitis 4
Wilsoni 139

Uromyces appendiculatus 24
Arachidis 90
Bidentis 34, 34a, 35
Caesalpiniae 22
Cestri 30
Cologaniae 113
columbianus 33
Commelinae 21
densus 35
dichrous 29
Dolicholi 25
Eragrostidis 16
Euphorbiae 28
euphorbiicola 28
gemmatus 32
Hedysari-paniculati 26
Hellerianus 31
Howei 1 14
ignobilis 18, i8a
insularis 27

Uromyces jamaicensis 23
Janiphae 29
Jatrophae 29
leptodermus 17
major 18
malvacearum 54
malvicola 54
Medicaginis 132
Neurocarpi 27
Pavoniae 115
pianhyensis 36
pictus 54

proeminens 28, 28a
pulcherrimus 54
Rhyncosporae 19
Scleriae 20, 20a, 46
Sidae 54
solidus 26
Thwaitesii 54
Trifolii 133
Uromycopsis Cestri 30

Index to Hosts

Abena jamaicensis 60
Abutilon hirtum 54
periplocifolium 54
Acacia riparia 12
Acanthaceae 66
Adiantum latifolium 99a
Aeschynomene americana 106
sensitiva 106
Ageratum conyzoides 68
Aklema petiolaris 51
Alcornea latifolia 103
Amarantaceae 48
Amaryllidaceae 151
Ambrosiaceae 119
Amygdalaceae 112
Amygdalus persica 112
Anastrophia bahamensis 142
Andropogon brevifolius 148
Anemia hirsuta 99
Anthephora elegans 140
hermaphrodita 140
Anthurium scandens 150
Apocynaceae 3
Araceae 150
Arachis hypogea 90

Artocarpaceae 5, 121
Artocarpus communis 121
Camansi 1210
Asclepiadaceae 56, 57, 114
Asclepias curassavica 56, 114
Aspidium marginale 7
Axonopus compressus 100
Baccharis sp. 132
Basanacantha sp. 76
Bauhinia divaricata 21
Pauletia 23
Bidens andicola 34
leucantha 34, 35
pilosa 34, 34a, 35
tereticaulis 34

Bignoniaceae 13, 128, 129, 130
Bihai psittacorum 139
Bixaceae 102
Bixa Orellana 102
Blechum Brownei 66
Bletia patula 86
purpurea 86
Borraginaceae 74
Borreria levis 67
verticillata 67

80

Mycologia

Buettneria lateralis 91
Caesalpiniaceae 23, 88, 89, no, 125,
126, 143, 144
Cajan Cajan 25
Cajanus indicus 25
Calathea lutea 47a
Canavalia ensiformis 8
Canna coccinea 47
glauca 47
indica 47
portoricensis 47
Cannaceae 47
Capriola Dactylon 145
Cardiospermum Halicacabum 52
grandiflorum 52
microspermum 52

Carduaceae i, 14, 15, 33, 34, 35, 36,
68, 69, 70, 79, 80, 81, 96, 97, 98,
123, 132, 138, 139
Cassia angustisiliqua 126
emarginata no
quinquangulata 89
Cassiaceae 23
Cayaponia americana 31
racemosa 31

Cenchrus carolinianus 38a
echinatus 38
viridis 38

Cestrum laurifolium 30
macrophyllum 30
Chaetochloa brevispica 42
imberbis 42, 42a
onurus 42
purpurascens 42
scandens 37
setosa 37, 42
verticillata 42

Chamaecrista Aeschynomene 144
Chamaesyce hirta 28

hypericifolia 28, 280
prostrata 28
serpens 28
Cichoriaceae 95
Cissus sicyoides 78
Cladium effusum 135
Clibadium erosum 79
surinamense 79
Clitoria cajanifolia 27
glycinoides 27

Clitoria rubiginosa 27
Coffea arabica 1 1 1
Commelina elegans 21, 105
nudiflora 21
virginica 21, 105
Commelinaceae 21, 105
Convolvulaceae 2, 32, 58, 137
Convolvulus nodiflorus 32
Cordia alliodora 118
cylindrostachya 124
Cosmos caudatus 34
Cracca cinerea 9
Cucurbitaceae 31, 78
Cuphea Parsonsia 92
Cynodon Dactylon 145
Cyperaceae 19, 20, 43, 44, 45, 46, 83,
84, 117, 120, 13s
Cyperus cayennensis 43
distans 43a
laevigatus 43
mutisii 43
odoratus 43a
polystachus 43
radiatus 43
sphacelatus 43
surnamensis 43
Desmodium axillare 26
Scorpiurus 26
Dichromena ciliata 83
radicans 83
Diodia maritima 67
rigida 67

Dioscorea grandiflora 85
Dioscoreaceae 85
DoHcholus reticulatus 25
texanus 25
DoHchos Lablab 107
reticulatus '25
Dorstenia Contrajerva loi
Dryopteris patens 7, 99
Pointeana 99
Ehretiaceae 118, 124
Eleocharis capitata 44a
cellulosa 44
flaccida 440
geniculata 44
interstincta 44
mutata 44a

Elephantopus angustifolius i

Arthur: Uredinales of Porto Rico

31

Elephantopus mollis i
scaber i

Eleutheranthera ruderalis 70
Emilia sonchifolia 70
Epidendrum difforme 147
rigidum 147

Eragrostis tephrosanthus 16
Ernodea littoralis 67
Erytbrina glauca 91
micropteryx 91
Erythroxylonaceae 87
Erythroxylon areolatum 87
Coca 87
havanense 87
Eugenia Jambos 55
Eupatorium macrophyllum 123
polyodon 68
villosum 68

Euphorbiaceae 28, 29, 51, 72, 103, 108,
109

Euphorbia hirta 28
petiolaris 51
pilulifera 28

Exogonium arenarium 135
Fabaceae 8, 9, 10, 24, 25, 26, 27, 90,
91, 106, 107, 113, 127, 133, 134
Ficus Carica s
glomerata 5
laevigata 5

Fimbristylis diphylla 45
ferruginea 45
spadicea 120
Fischeria crispiflora 57
Frangulaceae 53, 104
Fuirena umbellata 84
Glycine reticulata 25
Gossypium barbadense 6
brasiliense 6
hirsutum 6

Gouania domingensis 53, 104
latifolia 53
lupuloides 53, 104
polygama 53, 104
tomentosa 53, 104
Habenaria maculosa 122
Hamelia erecta 134
patens 154

Heliconia psittacorum 141
Hemidiodia ocimifolia 67, 77

Heteropteryx sp. 55
Holcus halepensis 116
Sorghum 116
Hymenaea Courbaril 88
Hypoxis decumbens 151
Hyptis atrorubens 62
capitata 63
latanifolia 64
pectinata 62
suaveolens 62
Indigofera Anil 10
suffruticosa 10
Inga vera 11
lonoxalis Martiana 136
Ipomoea acuminata 58
arenaria 137
Batatis 2
Carolina 58
cathartica 58
littoralis 2
Nil 2

Steudeli 137
stolonifer 2
trichocarpa 58
triloba 58
Iresine elatior 48
paniculata 48
Jacquemontia nodiflora 32
tamnifolia 2
Jambos Jambos 53
Janipha Manihot 29
Jatropha Curcas 108
gossypifolia 108
Manihot 29
Juniperaceae 131
Juniperus bermudiana 131
lucayana 131
Kyllinga caespitosa 43
pumila 43

Labiatae 61, 62, 63, 64, 63
Lactuca intybacea 93
Lamiaceae 61, 62, 63, 64, 63, 133
Lantana aculeata 59
Camara 39
crocea 39
involucrata 39
odorata 39
stricta 39
trifolia 39

32

Mycologia

Lasiacis divaricata 17
Sloanei 17
Swartziana 17
Leonotis nepetaefolia 61
Limnanthemum Grayanum 117
Lythraceae 92
Malpighiaceae 50
Malvaceae 6, 54, 115
Manihot Manihot 29
utilissima 29
Manisuris granularis 41
Marantaceae 47, 470
Mariscus jamaicense 135
Medicago denticulata 133
Melanthera aspera 33
canescens 33
deltoides 33
hastata cubensis 33
Melothria guadalupensis 31
Meibomia axillaris 26
Scorpiurus 26
tortuosum 26
Menyanthaceae 117
Mesosphaerum atrorubens 62
capitatum 63
latanifolium 64
pectinatum 62
spicatum 62
suaveolens 62
Metastelma lineare 57
palustre 57
parviflorum 57
Schlechtendahlii 57
Mikania cordifolia 80
scandens 139
Mimosaceae ii, 12, 22
Mimosa ceratonia 22
MitraCarpum portoricensis 67
Moraceae loi
Muhlenbergia sp. 18
Myrica sp. 55
Myrtaceae 55
Nephrolepis rivularis 7
Neurocarpum cajanifoliiim 27
Neurolaena lobata 70, 70a
Ochnaceae 153
Olyra latifolia 39
Oplismenus hirtellus 149
Orchidaceae 86, 122, 146, 147
Oxalidaceae 136

Panicum barbinode 17
divaricatum 17
fasciculatum 40a
lanatum 17
molle 17
ovalifolium 40
Sloanei
trichoides 40
Parosela domingensis 127
Paspalum compressum 100
conjugatum 82
fimbricatum 41, 41a
Helleri 42, 100
Humboldtianum 82, 100
orbiculatum 42
paniculatum 42, 100
pilosum 41
plicatulum 41, 100
Schreberianum 42
Passifloraceae 73
Passiflora rubra 73
Pavonia racemosa 115
Peperomia hernandifolia 152
Petiveriaceae 49
Phaseolus adenanthus 24
prostratus 25
vulgaris 24
Philibertella clausa 57
Philibertia sp. 57
Phyllanthus distichus 109
grandifolius 109, 109a
nobilis 72
Phytolaccaceae 49
Piperaceae 152
Piptadenia peregrina 143
Pityrogramma calomelaena 99
Pluchea odorata 96
purpurascens 96
Plumiera alba 3
Krugii 3
obtusa 3
rubra 3

Poaceae 16, 17, 19, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41,
42, 82, 100, 1 16, 140, 14s, 148, 149
Podostemaceae 142
Poinciana pulcherrima 123
Poinsettia heterophylla 28
Polypodiaceae 7, 99
Psidium Guajava 55
Psychotria patens 93

Arthur: Uredinales of Porto Rico

33

Quamoclit coccinea 2
Rajania cordata 85
Randia aculeata 76
Rhamnaceae 53, 104
Rhynchosia longeracemosa 25
reticulata 25
Senna 25
texana 25
Rivina humilis 49
octandra 49

Rubiaceae 67, 76, 77, 93, 94, m, 154
Rynchospora aurea 19
cyperoides 19
distans 19
micrantha 19
polyphylla 19
Rytilix granularis 41
Sabicea aspera 94
Salvia coccinea 155
occidentalis 65
Sapindaceae 52
Sauvagesia erecta 153
Scirpus lacustris 117
Scitamineae 141
Scleria Baldwinia 46
canescens 200
hirtella 46
pauciflora 46
pterota 20
setacea 46
verticillata 46
Setaria scandens 37
setosa 37
verticillata 42
Sida glutinosa 54
humilis 54
nervosa 54
procumbens 54
spinosa 54
urens 54
Solanaceae 30, 75
Solanum torvum 75
Sorghum halepense 116
officinarum 116
vulgare 116

Sparganophorum Vaillantii 98
Spermacoce aspersa 67
riparia 67a
tenuior 67

Spilanthes oleracea 138
Sporobolus diandrus 18
indicus 18
virginicus i8a

Stachytarpheta jamaicensis 60
strigosa 60

Stemmodontia trilobata 81
Stenolobium Stans 13, 130
Stenorrhynchus lanceolatum 146
Stigmaphyllon lingulatum 50
periplocifolium 50
Sagraeanum 50

Struchium Sparganophorum 98
Synedrella nodiflora 70
Tagetes patula 69
Tecoma lepidota 129
Leucoxylon 128
Stans, 13, 130

Teramnus uncinatus 107, 113
Thalia geniculata 47
Tiliaceae 71

Tournefortia hirsutissima 74
Tradescantia multiflora 21
Tridax procumbens 70
Trifolium repens 134
Triopteris lingulata 50
Triumfetta grandiflora 71
Lappula 71
rhomboidea 71
semitriloba 71

Valerianodes jamaicensis 60
strigosa 60
Verbenaceae 59, 60
Vernonia albicaulis 14, 150
borinquensis 15
longifolia 14
phyllostachya 15
Vigna repens 24
vexillata 24
Vincetoxicum sp. 57
Vitaceae 4
Vitis vinifera 4
Wedelia carnosa 81
lanceolata 97
reticulata 36
trilobata 81

Wissadula periplocifolia 54
Xanthium longirostre 119
Xylopia sp. 56

Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana.

MYXOMYCETES FROM SOUTH AMERICA

William C. Sturgis

Our knowledge of the Myxomycetes of South America is com-
paratively meager. Spegazzini’s numerous articles upon the fungi
of Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, and Paraguay’^ contain references
to Myxomycetes and describe a number of new species, several
of which, however, appear, on closer examination, to be referable
to already known forms. R. E. Fries^ has listed 47 species from
Argentina and Bolivia. From Brazil, Berkeley and Curtis,® Hen-
nings,^ Jahn,® von Hohnel,® and Sydow’^ have published brief lists.
Johow® mentions a few species belonging to this group in his
Flora of Juan Fernandez, Chile. Ecuador is represented by a
small number included by Patouillard and Lagerheim in their
“ Champignons de I’fiquateur,”* while the former observer, in
collaboration with Gaillard, reports ii species of Myxomycetes
in his “ Champignons du Venezuela.”^® Although practically all
parts of South America are represented in the publications of the
above observers, the number of actual species of Myxomycetes
listed is surprisingly small. It is therefore gratifying to be able
to add materially to our knowledge in this field.

The following species were collected by Professor Roland
Thaxter in Argentina and Chile in 1905-06. The collection is
deposited in the Cryptogamic Herbarium of Harvard University,
and it is through the courtesy of Professor Thaxter and Dr. W.

1 Anal. Soc. Cient. Argentina, 1881, 1886, 1888; Bol. Acad. Nac. Ciencias,
1887, 1889; Rev. Facul. Agr. y Vet., 1896; Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires,
1899, 1909.

2 Arkiv. f. Botanik, 1906.

sjourn. Linn. Soc., Botany, 1877.

« Hedwigia, 1896. Idem, Beiblatt, 1902.

5 Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Gesellsch., 1902; Hedwigia, 1904.

6 Denkschr. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 1907.

t Ann. Mycol., 1907.

8 Estud. sobre la Flora d. 1. Islas de Juan Fernandez, 1896.

9 Bull. Soc. Myc. France, 1893.

19 Bull. Soc. Myc. France, 1888.

34

Sturgis: Myxomycetes from South America

35

G. Farlow that I have had the privilege of examining it and of
reporting the results. It will be noted that, although the list in-
cludes several interesting species, it has happily been unnecessary
to record any new species.

Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa (Muell.) Macbr. Punta Arenas,
Chile, March, 1906.

Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa (var. flexuosa List.). Corral,
Chile, December, 1905. This extremely delicate form is inter-
esting, but seems hardly worthy of even the varietal rank given
it in the Lister Monograph.

Badhamia panicea (Fr.) Rost. Buenos Aires, Argentina,
December, 1905. A somewhat scanty specimen, but fairly char-
acteristic.

Physarum globuliferum (Bull.) Pers. Corral, Chile, De-
cember, 1905.

Physarum dictyospermum List. Punta Arenas, Chile, Feb-
ruary, 1906. It is interesting to find this apparently very rare
species in Chile. The only other recorded gatherings are from
New Zealand, Switzerland and Australia. The specimen from
Punta Arenas agrees in every particular with the description and
figures furnished by Miss Lister, except that the slender, black
stalks are somewhat longer (0.7 mm.) and the black columella is
clavate and attains a height of one-half to two-thirds that of the
sporangium. The specimen consists of about twenty sporangia
growing on a mass of decayed vegetable matter.

Physarum viride (Bull.) Pers. Concepcion, Chile, Novem-
ber, 1905 ; Corral, Chile, December, 1905.

Physarum polycephalum Schw. Temperley, Argentina, April,
1906. This is the typical form, with undulate, yellow sporangia,
borne in clusters on fasciculate stalks.

Physarum penetrale Rex. Corral, Chile, December, 1905.
A fine gathering, which extends considerably the known range of
this species in the southern hemisphere.

Physarum brunneolum (Phill.) Mass. Punta Arenas, Chile,
March, 1906. An extraordinarily robust form of this species,
occurring in fair abundance on decayed wood. The dirty-white
or pale-tawny sporangia are borne on stout or slender reddish-

36

Mycologia

brown stalks, and measure i .3 to i .8 mm. in diameter. The thick,
somewhat cartilaginous wall is densely charged with lime, and
splits open in an irregular manner.

Physarum straminipes List. Punta Arenas, Chile, February,
1906.

Physarum didermoides (Ach.) Rost. Buenos Aires, Argen-
tina, April, 1906.

Physarum nutans (Bull.) Pers. Corral, Chile, November
and December, 1905.

Physarum lateritium (Berk. & Rav.) Morg. Corral, Chile,
December, 1905. This specimen shows dark, orange-red lime-
knots, instead of the yellow knots with red centers usually seen
in this species. But the character of both capillitium and spores
is that of P. lateritium rather than of P. rubiginosum, to which
otherwise the specimen shows a very close resemblance. It is
very doubtful whether these two forms can be regarded as dis-
tinct species.

Fuligo septica (Linn.) Gmel. Corral, Chile, December, 1905.
Punta Arenas, Chile, February, 1906.

Physarella oblonga (Berk. & Curt.) Morg. Palermo Park,
Buenos Aires, Argentina, March, 1906.

Leocarpus fragilis (Dicks.) Rost. Punta Arenas, Chile,
February, 1906.

Diderma hemisphericum (Bull.) Horn. Buenos Aires, Ar-
gentina, April, 1906.

Diderma spumarioides Fr. Punta Arenas, Chile, February,
1906.

Diderma niveum (Rost.) Macbr., subsp. Lyallii (Mass.).
List. Punta Arenas, Chile, February and March, 1906. These
gatherings are scanty and in rather poor condition, but the mate-
rial is sufficient to warrant its reference as above. In both cases
the whitish, densely calcareous sporangia are provided with stout,
concolorous stalks, and show whitish, more or less clavate colu-
mellae.

Diderma testaceum (Schrad.) Pers.? Punta Arenas, Chile,
March, 1906. A single gathering, consisting of a few crowded,
pulvinate sporangia, none of which are mature, is doubtfully re-
ferred to this species.

Sturgis: Myxomycetes from South America

37

Diderma simplex (Schroet.) List. Punta Arenas, Chile, Feb-
ruary, 1906. This is a single very large gathering consisting of
thousands of closely crowded, sessile sporangia of a pale ochra-
ceous-brown or tawny color, almost completely covering a mixed
substratum of moss, dead leaves and twigs. A specimen sub-
mitted to Miss Lister was determined by her as above.

Diderma Trevelyani (Grev.) Fr. Punta Arenas, Chile,
February, 1906. As compared with numerous gatherings of this
species made in the United States, this Chilean specimen shows
a remarkable divergence in the size of the sporangia. These
measure 1.5 mm. or more in diameter. In other respects, how-
ever, they are thoroughly characteristic of the species.

Diderma Antarctica (Speg.) Sturgis. Punta Arenas, Chile,
January, 1906. In 1887 Spegazzini^^ described as “ad truncos
cariosus Fagi antarcticae in silvis prope Punta Arenas,” a species
to which he gave the name Licea antarctica. This species. Miss
Lister (Mon. iMycet., p. 264) refers doubtfully to Perichaena cor-
ticalis Rost. I have not seen the type of Spegazzini’s species, but
the published description makes it quite evident that it does not
refer to a species of Licea, since it includes a distinct capillitium.
The gathering made by Professor Thaxter and here recorded,
consists of groups of ten to fifty or more closely aggregated, ses-
sile sporangia, subglobose or angled by mutual pressure and with
smooth walls of a dark reddish brown color. The thick wall,
brittle above, persistent and cartilaginous below, is closely lined
throughout with a delicate membranous layer densely beset with
minute, snow-white granules of lime. The columella is a rough,
indeterminate, calcareous mass of a pale yellow color. The cap-
illitium consists normally of scanty, coarse or .slender threads,
dark in the middle, hyaline ^t the extremities ; occasionally of
large, pale-brown, membranous, angular expansions, from which
the threads radiate. The spores, black in the mass, are dark
purplish-brown, paler on one side, minutely spinulose and often
marked with one or more raised bands, and measure 10.5-11.5/A
in diameter. That this description coincides very closely with
that of Licea antarctica there can be no doubt. The probability
that the two gatherings represent one and the same species is

11 Fungi Patagonici. In Bol. Acad. Nac. Ciencias, Cordoba, ii : 56.

38

Mycologia

emphasized by the fact that both occurred on Fagiis antarctica,
and in precisely the same narrowly limited localityd^ The speci-
men under consideration belongs in the Leangium group of the
genus Diderma, and I feel justified in uniting with it the form
recorded by Dr. Spegazzini.

Diachaea leucopoda (Bull.) Rost. Buenos Aires, Argentina,
October, 1905.

Diachaea leucopoda var. globosa List. Punta Arenas, Chile,
February, 1906. A remarkably fine gathering of this rare form,
showing both stipitate and sessile sporangia.

Didymium Clavus (Alb. & Schw.) Rost. Llavallol, Argen-
tina, April, 1906.

Didymium melanospermum (Pers.) Macbr. Buenos Aires,
Argentina, March, 1906.

Stemonitis fusca Roth. Corral, Chile, December, 1905 ;
Punta Arenas, Chile, February, 1906; Buenos Aires, Argentina,
March, 1906.

Stemonitis fusca var. dictyospora (Rost.). Afinegathering
of this variety, showing an imperfect surface net and spores
marked by raised bands forming a complete reticulation and a
distinct border. In the size and habit of the sporangia this speci-
men is precisely like normal S', fusca. The absence of a surface
net, and the spore-sculpture, however, connect it with Rosta-
finski’s S. dictyospora. Miss Lister applies to this form the name
S', trechispora. This name originated with Berkeley and first
appears in connection with a specimen collected in Venezuela by
Fendler. A portion of this gathering is in the Curtis Herbarium
at Harvard University and bears the label “Stemonitis trechi-
spora, B. & C.” Under his S', dictyospora, Rostafinski (Mycet.
Monog., App., p. 27) quotes three specimens, from Cuba, Ceylon,
and Venezuela, respectively. The *first-named was presumably
the type of the species, but I find no record of the existence of
this specimen. The second appears to be properly referable to
S', fusca var. rufesccns (cf. Lister, Mon. Mycet., Ed. 2, p. 145)-
The third is the gathering represented in the Kew, British Mu-
seum, and Curtis herbaria, and named by Rostafinski S', dictyo-
spora. Although this specimen bears the manuscript name S'.

12 Professor Thaxter informs me that there is only one wooded area readily
accessible from Punta Arenas.

Sturgis: Myxomycetes from South America

39

trechispora, that name was never published and is discarded by
Rostafinski except as a synonym for his S’, dictyospora. Tor-
rend (FI. Myx., p. 141) disregards Rostafinski’s authority in the
matter and reverts to the earlier name, although the latter was
evidently a nomen niidum. Massee (Mon. Myx., p. 84) rightly
accepts the name S', dictyospora Rost, for the Venezuela specimen,
while deploring the fact that Rostafinski did not see fit to validate
the earlier name. It seems to me that Massee’s conclusion is the
only correct one, though I can not concur with him in giving to
these banded-spored specimens anything more than a varietal
position.

Stemonitis splendens Rost. Punta Arenas, Chile, February,
1906; Palermo, Argentina, March and April, 1906.

Stemonitis splendens var. Webberi (Rex) List. Punta
Arenas, Chile, March, 1906.

Stemonitis herbatica Peck. Palermo, Argentina, March,
1906.

Stemonitis ferruginea Ehr. Corral, Chile, December, 1905 ;
Punta Arenas, Chile, February, 1906.

Comatricha nigra (Pers.) Schroet. Punta Arenas, Chile,
February and March, 1906.

Comatricha typhoides (Bull.) Rost. Corral, Chile, Decem-
ber, 1905 ; Palermo, Argentina, March, 1906.

Comatricha typhoides var. heterospora Rex. Punta Arenas,
Chile, March, 1906. A number of gatherings of this form show
the same date and locality. In most of them the sporangia are
of the usual narrowly cylindrical shape ; some, however, exhibit
tufts of rather dark sporangia, almost sessile, and measuring only
1.5 mm. in height by over i mm. in diameter. In these latter
specimens the spores have a faintly reticulated surface, but the
characteristic, scattered warts are barely, if at all, apparent. Such
specimens evidently approach the dwarf forms of Stemonitis
fiisca.

Enerthenema papillatum (Pers.) Rost. Punta Arenas,
Chile, February, 1906.

Clastoderma Debaryanum Blytt. Corral, Chile, December,
1905. This rare species is represented by a single very large
gathering in fine condition. It is typical in every respect.

40

Mycologia

Cribraria macrocarpa Schrad. Punta Arenas, Chile, March,
1906. A scanty gathering in poor condition.

Cribraria splendens (Schrad.) Pers. Punta Arenas, Chile,
February, 1906.

Cribraria pyriform is Schrad. Punta Arenas, Chile, March,
1906.

Dictydium cancellatum (Batsch) Macbr. Punta Arenas,
Chile, March, 1906. The single gathering of this common species
included in this collection is a remarkable one. The sixty or
more sporangia all show a very delicate, persistent, membranous
wall, imparting to the sporangia a certain degree of iridescence.
In most cases the wall is not thickened below to form a cup, but
in others the cup is one-third to one-half the height of the sporan-
gium and, in such cases, is marked with a network composed of
lines of plasmodic gramdes, which network is continued in the
upper part of the sporangium precisely as in the genus Cribraria.
In fact, such sporangia present a remarkable resemblance to C.
pyriformis. When the cup is absent, its place is taken by strong
ribs, occasionally connected by delicate cross threads as in typical
Dictydium, but usually anastomosing at acute angles below and
forming a typical Cribraria net above, either with or without
slightly thickened nodes. Such sporangia show a very near ap-
proach to Cribraria splendens. Only here and there in the gath-
ering is to be found a sporangium the structure of which is
throughout that of normal Dictydium.

Tubifera ferruginosa (Batsch) Gmel. Punta Arenas, Chile,
March, 1906.

Dictydiaethalium flumbeum (Schum.) Rost. Corral, Chile,
December, 1905. This is the gathering referred to by Miss Lister
(Mon. Mycet., p. 196). The specimen is badly weathered, being
detached entirely from the substratum, and showing only the per-
sistent apices and characteristic lateral portions of the sporangia.
The latter are peculiar in being unusually coarse (8-10 ju, diam.) ;
their length indicates that the aethalium measured 1.5 mm. or
more in thickness ; otherwise the specimen appears to be quite
normal.

Reticularia Lycoferdon Bull. Corral, Chile, December, 1905 ;
Punta Arenas, Chile, 1906.

Sturgis: Myxomycetes from South America

41

Lycogala flavo-fuscum (Ehr.) Rost. Llavallol, Argentina,
April, 1906.

Lycogala Epidendrum (Linn.) Er. Corral, Chile, December,
1905; Punta Arenas, Chile, Eebruary, 1906.

Trichia favoginea (Batsch) Pers. Punta Arenas, Chile,
Eebruary, 1905.

Trichia verrucosa Berk. Corral, Chile, December, 1905 ;
Punta Arenas, Chile, Eebruary, 1906.

Trichia affinis D. By. Corral, Chile, December, 1905.

Trichia persimilis Karst. Concepcion, Chile, November, 1905.

Trichia decipiens (Pers.) Macbr. Punta Arenas, Chile, Eeb-
ruary and March, 1906. These specimens vary considerably in
general appearance from that usually presented. The sporangia
are yellowish clay-colored, in some cases almost or quite sessile,
and the upper half of the wall breaks away in an even line, leav-
ing the lower portion as a well-defined cup. These crowded,
nearly sessile sporangia bear a peculiar resemblance to those of
Cribraria argillacea.

Trichia Botrytis Pers. Corral, Chile, December, 1905 ; Punta
Arenas, Chile, Eebruary, 1906.

Trichia Botrytis var. munda List. Corral, Chile, December,

1905.

Hemitrichia clavata (Pers.) Rost. Corral, Chile, Decem-
ber, 1905.

Arcyria cinerea (Bull.) Pers. Llavallol, Argentina, April,

1906.

Arcyria DENUDATA (Linn.) Sheldon. Corral,. Chile, Decem-
ber, 1905.

Arcyria insignis Kalchbr. & Cke. Llavallol, Argentina,
March, 1906. This specimen lacks the characteristic color, being
weathered to a dull-yellowish-brown. In other respects it is
typical.

Arcyria incarnata Pers. Concepcion, Chile, November, 1905 ;
Punta Arenas, Chile, March, 1906.

AIargarita metallica (Berk. & Br.) List. Punta Arenas,
Chile, March, 1906.

Cambridge, Mass.

STUDIES IN PORTO RICAN PARASITIC
FUNGI— II

Esther Young

In the May number of Mycologia, there appeared a report by
the writer of this article which was the first of a series on Porto
Rican Parasitic Fungi. A second article, by Mr. Garman, was
published in the November number of Mycologia. This is the
third of the series and is a report on the genus Cercospora. The
work was done according to the method used in work reported in
the first paper, when acknowledgments were made for valuable
assistance rendered. The specimens were all collected by Dr. F.
L. Stevens during the years 1912 and 1913 and the material is in
the herbarium of the University of Illinois.

1. Cercospora conspicua Earle, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Card. 3: 312.

1904

On leaves of Cleome in Porto Rico : Mayagiiez, 6728 ; , ig.

2. Cercospora portoricensis Earle, Muhlenbergia i: 15. 1901

On leaves of Piper hispidum in Porto Rico : Maricao, 4792,
4802 ; Rosario, 4804.

3. Cercospora Cajani P. Henn. Hedwigia 41 : 309. 1902

On leaves of Cajanus indicus in Porto Rico : Aquas Buenas,
294; Aquada, 5100; Maricao, 48^2; Anasco, 3356; Dos Bocas
below Utuado, 6372, 6038, 6029; Guayanilla, 3874; Luguillo
Eorest, 3608 ; Hormigueros, 226; Monte de Oro, 3733.

4. Cercospora Vaginae Kreuger, Walker & Went. Mededeel.
Profest. Suiker. West-Java 24: 8. 1896

On leaves of Saccharum officinalis in Porto Rico : Johnston
7001.

42

Young: Studies in Porto Rican Parasitic Fungi 43

5. Cercospora Mucunae Syd. Bibl. Hedwigia 42: 136. 1903

On leaves of Muciina pruriens in Porto Rico : Anasco, 3601;
San German, ^50; Utuado, 4685, 4691; Dos Bocas below Utuado,
d555» 6009; Mayagiiez, 3951; Anasco, 3535; Rosario, 3779, 4704;
Monte Alligrillo, 4779; Rosario, 4806; Utuado, 4929.

6. Cercospora rosicola (Pass.) Sacc. Fungi Ital. pi. 663
On leaves of Rosa in Porto Rico : Maricao, 3447, 737, 4806.

7. Cercospora Bloxami Berk. & Br.

Spots spherical to ovate, 2-5 mm. in diameter, sordid-white to
yellowish-brown, margin slightly darker ; conidiophores fascicu-
late, simple, fuscus, paler at the tips, conidial scars evident, 1-2-
septate, 75.6-162 X S-4-7-2 jU. ; conidia elongate-fusiform, acumi-
nate at one end, 5-7-septate, hyaline, 50.4-144 X 2.7-3.611.

On leaves of Brassica rapae and B. napi in Porto Rico ; Quebra-
dillos, 5121 ; Bayamon, 449.

This differs from C. Armoraciae and C. hrassicola in size and
shape of conidia, and in size of conidiophores.

The original description of Cercospora Bloxami on Brassica
is very meager, lacking in many of the essential characters and
measurements. The present emended description is drawn from
the Porto Rican specimens.

8. Cercospora H\tdropiperis (Thiim.) Speg. Anal. Soc. Sci.
Argent. 1 : 191. 1867

H elminthosporium Hydropiperis Thiim. Myc. Univ. n. 1087.
Cercospora Polygonorum Cooke, Hedwigia 17 : 39. 1878.

On leaves of Polygonum punctata in Porto Rico : Utuado, 4586,

4578; Coamo, 91; , 91; Corozal, 419; Ciales, 27; Mayagiiez,

1154-

9. Cercospora Lepidii Peck, Ann. Rep. N. Y. State Mus. 35 :

140. 1884

On leaves of Lepidium sp. in Porto Rico : Mona Island, 6332.

44

Mycologia

10. Cercospora Hibisci Tracy & Earle, Bull. Torrey Club 22 :

179. 1895

On leaves of Hibiscus tiliaceus in Porto Rico : Rosario, 3793;
Las Marias, 310; Dos Bocas below Utuado, 6618, 6364; Maricao,
4797 ; Rio Maricao above Maricao, 3630.

II. Cercospora Phyllitidis Hume, Bull. Torrey Club 27: 577.

1900

On leaves of Poly podium sp. in Porto Rico : Barros, 121.

12. Cercospora Amaryllidis Ellis & Ev. Jour. Myc. 3 : 14,

1887

On leaves of Hymenocallis sp. in Porto Rico ; Santurce, 244;
Coamo, 836.

13. Cercospora densissima Speg. 1899
On leaves of Sida sp. in Porto Rico : Mona Island, 6361, 6334.

14. Cercospora Cassavae Ellis & Ev. Bull. Torrey Club 22 : 438.

189s

On leaves of Cassava sp. in Porto Rico : Dos Bocas below
Utuado, 6337.

Our material differs slightly from the description in that the
conidiophores are longer, and sometimes septate, and are brown in
color with hyaline tips.

15. Cercospora Chamaecristae Ellis & Kellerman, Jour. Myc.

4: 7. 1888

On leaves of Cassia occidentalis and C. alata in Porto Rico : Dos
Bocas below Utuado, 6034; Santurce, 269a; Anasco, 3386; Maya-
giiez, 1276.

In our specimens, the host C. occidentalis has a definite spot ;
the length of the conidiophores is slightly different from the de-
scription, being as long as 216//,; conidia usually 3-5-septate.

16. Cercospora maricaoensis sp. nov.

Spots diffuse, brown, scattered over the leaf, amphigenous, more
numerous below ; conidiophores often branched, loosely fascicu-

Young: Studies in Porto Rican Parasitic Fungi 45

late, septate, pale-olivaceous, 54-144 X S-4-7-2//.; conidia oblong-
cylindrical, hyaline, sometimes slightly curved, 3-5 septate, 36-81

X 3-6-5-4/^.

On leaves of Teramnus uncinatus (L.) Sw. in Porto Rico:

Maricao, 764; Dos Bocas below Utuado, 6554 (type) ; , 5815;

Cabo Rojo, 22yi.

17. Cercospora boringuensis sp. nov.

Spots definite, amphigenous, reddish-brown, varying from
spherical to irregular, often coalescing and forming large, brown
patches on the leaves ; conidiophores fasciculate, simple, septate,
brown, 72-144 X 3-6-54/i; conidia clavate, slightly curved, hya-
line, 3-7-septate, 36-54 X 5.4-7-2|»..

On leaves of Calapogonhim orthocarpum Urban in Porto Rico:
Mayagiiez, 6752 (type).

18. Cercospora Stevensii sp. nov.

Spots amphigenous, reddish-brown above, black below, 1-2
mm. in diameter; conidiophores densely fasciculate, simple,
cylindrical, brown, septate, some peculiarly twisted ; conidia hya-
line, oblong-cylindric, often slightly curved, septate, granular,
32.4-72 X 3-6-6-3

On leaves of Andira sp. in Porto Rico : Dos Bocas below
Utuado, 600 (type), 6549.

19. Cercospora guanicensis sp. nov.

Spots amphigenous, spherical to ovate, yellow to greenish-
brown above, reddish-brown below, conidiophores, densely fas-
ciculate, septate, unbranched, 76-96 X 4-8 /x ; conidia oblong-
cylindric, subhyaline, slightly curved, 3-6-septate, granular, 39.6-

96 X 3-6-7.2 fi.

On leaves of Giiilandina crista in Porto Rico : Guanica, 6840
(type), 6845.

Associated with this is a species of Dothidella.

20. Cercospora Malachrae sp. nov.

Spots amphigenous, spherical, 2-5 mm. in diameter, scattered,
the centers white, surrounded by a black, slightly elevated mar-
gin, the portion of the leaf about the spot reddish-purple to
purplish-black, often large areas infected ; conidiophores fascicu-

46

Mycologia

late, dark-brown, few septate, 63-144 X 3-6-54 jn ; conidia hya-
line, cylindrical, 90-108 X 3-6 /x.

On leaves of Malachra rotiindifolia in Porto Rico : San Sebas-
tian, 5/pp (type) ; Ponce, 5003; Guanica, 338a; Yauco, 324.6;
San German, 5840; Vega Baja, 431, 381.

21. Cercospora Bradburyae sp. nov.

Spots amphigenous, varying from definite, spherical, 1-2 mm.
in diameter to diffuse, yellowish-brown to rusty-red ; conidio-
phores densely fasciculate, simple, fuscus, 12-36 X 3 -6-4.8 ;u ; co-
nidia elongate-cylindrical, hyaline, 5-7-septate, 48-96 X 24-3.6 /x.

On leaves of Bradburya pubescens in Porto Rico : Mayagiiez,
62p6, 3930, 429; Luguillo Forest, 5609; Dos Bocas below Utuado,
6558; San German, 5796, 5833, 3785; Guayama, 5412; Jayuya,
446a; Hormigueros, 223a; Caba Rojo, 6482; Rosario, 446 (type).

University of Illinois,

Urbana, Illinois.

INDEX TO ILLUSTRATIONS OF FUNGI

I-XXII

William A. Murrill

This series of twenty-two illustrated articles on the larger
fungi was begun with the first volume of Mycologia in 1909 and
has been continued regularly each year since. During this time,
184 species have been described and figured, 27 of them from
photographs and the remaining 157 from water-color paintings
prepared by Mr. Edward C. Volkert. The specimens used have
been mostly collected in the vicinity of New York City, but a few
came from Massachusetts. Many important edible and poison-
ous fungi have been included in the treatment.

Agaricus arvensis, 6 : 222. pi. CXXXVII, f. 2
cainpester hortensis, 6; 165. pi. CXXXIV
campestris, i ; 37. pi. Ill, f. i
campestris, i : 260. pi. XV, f. 4 (uncolored)
silvicola, 6: 222, pi. CXXXIX
Amanita cothurnata, 5 : 96. pi. LXXXVII, f. 6
flavorubescens, 5 : 95. pi. LXXXVII, f. 4, 7
Frostiana, 5: 96. pi. LXXXVII, f. s
muscaria, 5 : 94. pi. LXXXVII, f. 3
phalloides, i : 258. pi. XV, f. 2
phalloides, 5 : 93. pl- LXXXVII, f. i
rubescens, 6: i. pl. CXIII, f. i
Amanitopsis vaginata, i ; 85. pl. VII, f. 5
volvata, 5 : 94. pl- LXXXVII, f. 2
Anthurus borealis, 4: 167. pl. LXVIII, f. 8
Armillaria mellea, i : 2. pl. I, f. 2
Asterophora Clavus, 6: 163. pl. CXXIX
Boletinellus merulioides, 2 : 47. pl. XIX, f. 7
Boletus americanus, 5 : 3. pl. LXXX, f. 5
scaber, i : 3. pl. I, f. 5

Campanularius semiglobatus, 3: 103. pl. XL, f. 13
Ceriomyces auriporus, 5 : 2. pl. LXXX, f. 2
bicolor, 5 ; 4. pl. LXXX, f. 7
communis, 2 : 44. pl. XIX, f. 2
communis, 5 : 260. pl. XCII, f. 6
fumosipes, 5 : 259. pl. XCII, f. s
illudens, 5 : 260. pl. XCII, f. 7

47

48

Mycologia

Ceriomyces retipes, 7: 166. pi. CLX, f. 7
subglabripes, 5 : 4. pi. LXXX, f. 6
subsanguineus, 2 ; 45. pi. XIX, f. 4
subtomentosus, 2 : 46. pi. XIX, f. 6
Chanterel cinnabarinus, 5 ; 258. pi. XCII, f. 3
minor, 5 : 257. pi. XCII, f. i
Claudopus nidulans, 6 : 4. pi. CXIII, f. 6
Clavaria fusiformis, 7 : 225. pi. CLXIII, f. g
Clitocybe illudens, 7: 115. pi. CLVIII, f. i
multiceps, i : 3. pi. I, f. 4
Clitopilus abortivus, 4: 6. pi. LVI, f. 12
Collybia dryophila, 3: loi. pi. XL, f. 8
maculata, 6: 163. pi. CXXX
platyphylla, 7: 118. pi. CLVIII, f. 4
radicata, 6: 221, pi. CXXXVII, f. i, pi. CXXXVIII
velutipes, i : 39. pi. Ill, f. 6
Collybidium dryophiluni, 3; loi. pi. XL, f. 8
dryopliilum, 4: 164. pi. LXVIII, f. 3
luxurians, 3: 169. pi. XLIX, f. 7
zonatum, 4 : 4. pi. LVI, f. 8
Conocybe tener, 3; 100. pi. XL, f. 6
Coprinus atramentarius, 1 : 39. pi. Ill, f. 4
Brassicae, 4 ; 2. pi. LVI, f. 4
comatus, i : 38. pi. Ill, f. 3
micaceus, i : 39. pi. Ill, f. 5
Spraguei, 4: 5. pi. LVI, f. 9
sterquilinus, 3: 166. pi. XLIX, f. 3
Coriolus prolificans, 5 : 288. pi. CIII
versicolor, 5 : 287. pi. CII
Cortinarius anomalus, 7 : 223. pi. CLXIII, f. 5
erythrinus, 7 : 223. pi. CLXIII, f. 4
roseipallidus, 7; 221. pi. CLXIII, f. i
Cortinellus decorus, 7: 164. pi. CLX, f. 3
Craterellus cornucopioides, 4; 5. pi. LVI, f. 10
Crucibulum crucibuliforme, 3: 103. pi. XL, f. 12
vulgare, 3; 103. pi. XL, f. 12
Cyathia hirsuta, 3; 102. pi. XL, f. ii
Cyathus striatus, 3: 102. pi. XL, f. ii
Daedalea quercina, 5: 291. pi. CVI, f. 2
Dictyophora duplicata, i ; 260. pi. XV, f. 6 (uncolored)
duplicata, 2 : 3. pi. XVII, f. 5
Ravenelii, 2 : 3. pi. XVII, f. 4
Elfvingia megaloma, 5 : 291. pi. CVII, pi. CVIII, f. i
Entoloma Grayanum, 5 ; 259. pi. XCII, f. 4
Fistulina hepatica, 2 : 45. pi. XIX, f. 5
Flammula carbonaria, 4: :6s. pl- LXVIII, f. 5
Fomes ungulatus, 5 : 292. pi. CVIII, f. 2
Galera tener, 3: 100. pi. XL, f. 6
Grifola frondosa, 5 : 290. pi. CVI, f. i

Murrill : Index to Illustrations of Fungi

49

Gymnopilus farinaceus, 7 : 222. pi. CLXIII, f. 3
Gyroporus castaneus, 5; i. pi. LXXX, f. i
Hebeloma praecox, 3 : 166. pi. XLIX, f. 2
Hydrocybe caespitosa, 6 : 2. pi. CXIII, f. 2
pratensis, 6 : 2. pi. CXIII, f. 3
Hygrophorus ceraceus, 2: 160. pi. XXVII, f. 2
chlorophanus, 2; 160. pi. XXVII, f. 3
coccineus, 2; 162. pi. XXVII, f. 7
conicus, 2: 162. pi. XXVII, f. 8
eburneus, 6 : 164. pi. CXXXI
flavodiscus, 4 : 6. pi. LVI, f . 1 1
Laurae, 2; 163. pi. XXVII, f. 10
miniatus, 2; 163. pi. XXVII, f. 9
nitidus, 2: 161. pi. XXVII, f. 6
pratensis, 2; 159. pi. XXVII, f. i
pratensis, 6 : 2. pi. CXIII, f. 3
psittacinus, 2; 160. pi. XXVII, f. 4
puniceus, 2: 161. pi. XXVII, f. 5
Hypholoma aggregatum, 6 : 4. pi. CXIII, f. 5
appendiculatum, 4: i. pi. LVI, f. i, 2
Candolleanum, 7: 120. pi. CLVIII, f. 7
lacrymabunduni, 7: 116. pi. CLVIII, f. 2
perplexum, i : i. pi. I, f. i
Inocybe abundans, 3: 104. pi. XL, f. 14
Astoriana, 3: 104. pi. XL, f. 15
geophylla, 6 ; 224. pi. CXXXVII, f. 6
infida, 3 : 97. pi. XL, f. i
Lorillardiana, 3: loi. pi. XL, f. 9
rimosa, 4 : 4. pi. LVI, f. 7
Inonotus dryophilus, i ; 84. pi. VII, f. 3
Irpiciporus mollis, 5 ; 288. pi. CIV
Ischnoderma fuliginosum, i : 86. pi. VII, f. 6
Laccaria laccata, 3 : 99. pi. XL, f. 4

ochropurpurea, 6 : 223. pi. CXXXVII, f. 5
Lactaria Hibbardae, 7 : 225. pi. CLXIII, f. 8
piperata, 6: 164. pi. CXXXII, f. 2
plinthogala, 7: 164. pi. CLX, f. 2
subdulcis, 3: 168. pi. XLIX, f. 5
Volkertii, 7: 165. pi. CLX, f. 5
Lentodium squamosum, 7: 119. pi. CLVIII, f. 6
Leotia chlorocephala, 2 : 2. pi. XVII, f. 3
lubrica, 2: i. pi. XVII, f. i
stipitata, 2 : 2. pi. XVII, f. 2
Lepiota americana, 3: 168. pi. XLIX, f. 6
amianthina, 7: 118. pi. CLVIII, f. 5
brunnescens, 6 : 223. pi. CXXXVII, f. 4
naucina, 6; 165. pi. CXXXIII
procera, 5 : 257. pi. XCII, f. 2
Lycoperdon Bovista, 6: 16 1. pi. CXXVI

50

Mycologia

Lycoperdon cyathiforme, i: 257. pi. XV, f. i
gemmatum, i : 259. pi. XV, f. 3
giganteum, 6: 161. pi. CXXVI
pyriforme, 6: 162. pi. CXXVII
Wrightii, i; 261. pi. XV, f. 7
Marasmius magnisporus, 4: 166. pi. LXVIII, f.

oreades, 2 ; 44. pi. XIX, f. 3
Melanoleuca fumidella, 7: 165. pi. CLX, f. 4
melaleuca, 3: 167. pi. XLIX, f. 4
Russula, 7 : 222. pi. CLXIII, f. 2
sordida, 6 : 3. pi. CXIII, f. 4
Mutinus elegans, 2 : 4. pi. XVII, f. 6
Mycena praedecurrens, 4: 165. pi. LXVIII, f. 4
pura, 7: 1 17. pi. CLVIII, f. 3
succosa, 6 ; 225. pi. CXXXVII, f. 9
vexans, 4; 168. pi. LXVIII, f. 9
Naucoria pennsylvanica, 3: 102. pi. XL, f. lo
semiorbicularis, 3 : 98. pi. XL, f. 2
subvelosa, 4: 164. pi. LXVIII, f. 2
Nyctalis asterophora, 6 : 163. pi. CXXIX
Omphalia Campanella, 4: 168. pi. LXVIII, f. 10
Volkertii, 3 : 98. pi. XL, f. 3
Omphalopsis Campanella, 4: 168. pi. LXVIII, f.
Panaeolus retirugis, 3: 100. pi. XL, f. 7
solidipes, 7; 163. pi. CLX, f. i
Panus stypticus, 3: 105. pi. XL, f. 16
Pholiota adiposa, i: 83. pi. VII, f. i, 2
candicans, 3: 165. pi. XLIX, f. i
Johnsoniana, 7: 226. pi. CLXIII, f. 10
lutea, I ; 84. pi. VII, f. 4
praecox, 3; 165. pi. XLIX, f. i
Pleuropus abortivus, 4: 6. pi. LVI, f. 12
Pleurotus geogenius, 4 : 3. pi. LVI, f. 6
Pluteus cervinus, i : 38. pi. Ill, f. 2
Poronidulus conchifer, 5 : 289. pi. CV, f. i
Psathyrella disseminata, 6: 166. pi. CXXXII, f.
Psilocybe Foenisecii, 3 : 99. pi. XL, f. 5
Rostkovites granulatus, 5 : 3. pi. LXXX, f. 3, 4
subaureus, 5 : 3. pi. LXXX, f. 5
Russula bifida, 7: 224. pi. CLXIII, f. 7
crustosa, 7 : 224. pi. CLXIII, f. 6
emetica, 4 : 290. pi. LXXVI, f. 3
foetens, 4 : 292. pi. LXXVI, f. 7
furcata, 7 : 224. pi. CLXIII, f. 7
Mariae, 4: 290. pi. LXXVI, f. 2, 8
obscura, 4: 291. pi. LXXVI, f. 5
pectinatoides, 7: 167. pi. CLX, f. 9
rubriochracea, 4 : 292. pi. LXXVI, f. 9
sericeonitens, 4: 290. pi. LXXVI, f. i

Murrill; Index to Illustrations of Fungi

51

Russula stricta, 4: 166. pi. LXVIII, f. 6
sulcatipes, 4: 291. pi. LXXVI, f. 4
uncialis, 4 : 292. pi. LXXVI, f. 6
Scleroderma, 7: 167. pi. CLX, f. 8
aurantium, 2 : 4. pi. XVII, f. 7
Geaster, 2 : 5. pi. XVII, f. 9
verrucosum, 2 : 5. pi. XVII, f. 8
verrucosum, 6 : 224. pi. CXXXVII, f. 7
Scutiger griseus, 5: 289. pi. CV, f. 2
Sparassis Herbstii, 6: 162. pi. CXXVIII
Stropharia semiglobata, 4 : 2. pi. LVI, f. 3
Suillellus luridus, 4: 163. pi. LXVIII, f. i
Tremella lutescens, 6: 224. pi. CXXXVII, f. 8
Tricholoma equestre, 1 : 2. pi. I, f. 3
melaleucum, 3 : 167. pi. XLIX, f. 4
personatum, 2 : 43. pi. XIX, f. i
Russula, 7 : 222. pi. CLXIII, f. 2
sordidum, 6: 3. pi. CXIII, f. 4
Vaginata agglutinata, 5 ; 94. pi. LXXXVII, f. 2
farinosa, 4; 3. pi. LVI, f. S
Venenarius cothurnatus, 5: 96. pi. LXXXVII, f. -6
flavorubescens, 5 : 95. pi. LXXXVII, f. 4, 7
Frostianus, 5 : 96. pi. LXXXVII, f. 5
muscarius, 5 ; 94. pi. LXXXVII, f. 3
phalloides, 5 : 93. pi. LXXXVII, f. i
rubens, 6: i. pi. CXIII, f. i

New York Botanical Garden.

NOTES AND BRIEF ARTICLES

Excellent specimens of Polyporus amorpliiis collected at State
College, Pa., by C. R. Orton were sent to the Garden herbarium
in a fresh condition by Mr. L. O. Overholts on September 22.
They were found growing on dead pine wood and running over
pine needles on the ground. The species has no doubt been con-
fused with P. dichrons in this country.

A specimen of the rare Panaeolus epimyces on Coprinus coma-
tus was sent in from Pittsford, New York, on October 25, 1915,
by Mr. Fred S. Boughton, and a colored drawing of the plant was
obtained. The host was turbinate in general outline and de-
pressed about the stipe of the Panaeolus, resembling the enlarged
base of an Amanita with a conspicuous, thickened volva. Atten-
tion is called to Mr. E. T. Harper’s article in Mycologia 5 : 167.
1913, and to the papers he cites on this subject.

Auricularia Auricula (L.) Underw., commonly known as the
Jew’s ear fungus, has been studied by M. J. Le Goc in the vicinity
of Cambridge, England, where it is common on elder and less
common on elm. Pure cultures of the fungus grow readily on
elder, lime, and elm wood, producing rudimentary fructifications.
Penetration, delignification, and almost complete consumption of
the wood quickly follow natural infection with the fungus. In-
oculations on healthy living twigs of elder were often successful,
the hyphae penetrating slowly at first, but finally killing the twigs.

A collection of Thelephoraceae made in Jamaica in 1908 and
1909 by W. A. Murrill and Edna L. Murrill has recently been
determined by Dr. E. A. Burt, who is publishing a series of arti-
cles on this family in the Annals of the Missouri Botanical Gar-
den. Of the 45 species recognized, representing 12 genera, 8 of
them are new and some of the more difficult material in the' col-

52

Notes and Brief Articles

53

Iction remains to be investigated. Cyphella porrigens Burt, Ann.
Mo. Bot. Card, i : 368. 1914, and Thelephora magnispora Burt,

Ann. Mo. Bot. Card, i: 21 1. 1914, were described from this

collection.

A box of miscellaneous fleshy and woody fungi from Alberta,
containing nearly 100 specimens collected last season in the vicin-
ity of Banff by Mr. N. B. Sanson, Curator of the Dominion Gov-
ernment Museum, has recently been sent to the Garden herbarium.
Among the species in this collection are: Armillaria evanescens,
Ceriomyces viscidus, Clavaria pistillaris, Coprinus comatiis, Co-
rioliis pubescens, Corticium pezisoideum, Cortinelhis vaccinus,
Hydnum imbricatiim, Melanoletica melaleuca, Pholiota candi-
cans, Rostkovites gramdatus, Scutiger Whiteae, Dasyscypha arida,
Geopyxis vidcanolis, Helvetia crispa, Herpotrichia nigra, Hypo-
crea Richardson!, Morchella crassipes, and Otidea Auricula.

It is interesting to observe the gradual addition of new elements
in the fungous flora of the Garden as the introduction and devel-
opment of new shrubs and trees prepares the way for them.
Several years ago, a single hymenophore of Boletus luteus was
found under a young pine tree east of the large range of public
conservatories. The past autumn, about the middle of October,
a large basketful of very fine specimens was gathered there and
many more were found under the pines to the north of the range.
When Dr. Murrill collected on the Tacoma Prairies in Washing-
ton, he found an interesting series of fungi which had been intro-
duced after the land was occupied by scattered clumps of conifers.

Studies in the Agarics of Denmark, by Jakob E. Lange, are
appearing in parts in the Dansk Botanisk Arkiv. Part i appeared
in 1914 in the first volume of this periodical and included a gen-
eral introduction and a treatment of the genus Mycena. Part 2
appeared in 1915 and included Amanita (14 species), Lepiota
(31 species), and Coprinus (33 species), with keys and descrip-
tions of all species and two plates of illustrations. The author
considers Amanitopsis a subgenus of Amanita and Armillaria a

54

Mycologia

subgenus of Lepiota, while Psathyrella disseminata and P. im-
patiens are transferred to Coprinus, following the opinion of
Quelet. Three new species, Lepiota Cortinariiis, Coprinus Han-
senii, and Coprinus bisporus are described in this part.

A separate from the report of the New York State Botanist
for 1914 giving keys and descriptions of the species of Marasmius
occurring in the state appeared in December, 1915. This paper
was prepared by Professor L. H. Pennington, of Syracuse Uni-
versity, whose work on the species of Marasmius occurring in
temperate North America appeared in Volume 9, part 4, of
North American Flora, issued in April, 1915. Dr. Pennington
reported 71 species of this genus from temperate North America
and his list of species from New York includes 61 species. This
means that there are still many undescribed species in other states
to be discovered and published. Species of Marasmius aid
greatly in the formation of humus, and they very rarely cause
plant disease. The common fairy ring fungus, Marasmius caryo-
pliylleus, is a weak parasite of grasses, and this species is prac-
tically the only one in the genus which is used for food.

A very interesting and important list of the fungi of North
Elba, New York, which contains many additions to Peck’s list of
North Elba plants published in 1899, appeared in December, 1915,
as a separate from the report of the state botanist for 1914. This
list was prepared by Professor C. H. Kauffman, of the Univer-
sity of Michigan, after three weeks’ collecting in the vicinity of
Newman in September, 1914, assisted by Mr. E. B. Mains, who
gave special attention to the rusts and ascomycetes. The region
covered was small, but the season was unusually good. Two new
species are published in this paper, Boletus rubritubifer Kauffm.,
found under spruce trees, and Cortinarius clirysolitus Kauffm.,
found in a sphagnum swamp under balsam trees.

The chestnut canker is -reported in at least two localities in
Nebraska, having been shipped there with nursery stock. The
effect of the canker on chinquapin in Virginia is being observed

Notes and Brief Articles

55

and studied by Rogers and Gravatt, who find by inoculations that
this tree is no less resistant than the chestnut, but, being less sub-
ject to insect attacks and other injuries, it enjoys greater freedom
from the disease in the field. The chinquapin grows very poorly
in the latitude of New York City, but the few plants observed
here show a marked resistance to the canker. Among the new
plant introductions ready for distribution by the Bureau of Plant
Industry, are the Chinese chestnut, Castanea mollissima, collected
in northern China where the canker has probably existed for cen-
turies ; and a hybrid between the American chinquapin and the
Japanese chestnut produced at Chico, California, by Dr. Walter
Van Fleet. Both of these trees are said to be, as one would ex-
pect, highly resistant to the canker.

The annual report of the New York State Botanist for 1914,
distributed as Museum Bulletin 179, was issued in December,
1915. Two mycological contributions to this report, by Dr. Pen-
nington and Dr. Kauffman, were issued separately in advance and
have been noted above. Descriptions of many new and inter-
esting species of fungi are contributed by Dr. Homer D. House,
now State Botanist, among which are the following:

New species by Dearness and House: Aecidium Uni, Cerco-
spora argythamniae, C. namae, Cylindrosporium spigeliae, Laes-
tadia galactina, Macrophoma celtidicola, M. peckiana, Phyllosticta
baccharidis, P. maurandiae, P. medeolae, P. oakesiae, P. pachy-
sandrae, P. rhe.viae, Placosphaeria celtidis, Ramularia delpkinii,
Septoria darlingtoniae, S. erythraeae, S. tinctoria, and Thyridium
ceanothi.

New names and combinations: Hebeloma peckii House, nom.
nov., Melanopsamma waghornei House, nom. nov., and Phyllo-
sticta rani Dearness and House, comb. nov.

While collecting cacti in South America last year. Dr. J. N.
Rose picked up a number of fungi which are of special interest
as indicating the close connection existing between the flora of
tropical North America and that of Brazil. He obtained about
100 numbers ; most of them in the mountains about Rio de Ja-

56

Mycologia

neiro, while a few came from Argentina. Only one desert form
was found, a species of Tylostoma, represented by a single sporo-
phore. A few of the forest forms are listed below ;

Auricularia Auricula, Chlorospleniuni aeruginosum, Clado-
derris dendritica, Coriolopsis occidentalis, Coriolus haedinns, C.
membranaceus, C. pinsitits, C. sector, Daedalea amanitoides, Elf-
vingia tornata, Elfvingiella fasci-ata, Favolus variegatus, Fomi-
tella supina, Hapalopilus gilvus, Hexagona daedalea, Lentinus
crinitus, L. strigosus, Panaeolus campanulatus, Pogonomyces
hydnoides, Psathyrella disseminata, Pycnoporus sanguineus, Re-
supinatus subbarb at ulus, Rigidoporus surinamensis, Schizophyl-
Itis alneus, Simblum sphaerocephalum? , Stereum bicolor, and 6".
lobatum.

A New Family of Hymenomycetes

The genus Porothelium, erected by Fries in i8i8 on Boletus
fimbriatus Pers. and one other species, is out of place among the
Polyporaceae because of its spiny hymenium and cannot properly
be included in the Hydnaceae because its spines are hollow and
bear spores on their innec surface. The new family Porothe-
liaceae is therefore proposed to include hymenomycetes having
the hymenium composed of tubular teeth, the context being simi-
lar in general to that found in the two related families, the Poly-
poraceae and the Hydnaceae. The name of the genus on which
this family is based was originally written Porotheleum (Fries,
Obs. Myc. 2: 272. 1818), but was soon afterwards changed to

the form now in current use.

W. A. Murrill.

A New Genus of Resupinate Polypores
Xanthoporia gen. nov.

Hymenophore annual, epixylous, resupinate ; subiculum mem-
branous, dirty-white ; tubes long, angular, thin-walled, at first
whitish, soon colored by the spores, which are yellow, smooth,
ovoid, copious ; spines few, at first conic, then elongate.

Type species : Mucronoporus Andersoni Ellis & Ev.

Notes and Brief Articles

57

Xanthoporia Andersoni (Ellis & Ev.)

Mucronoporus Andersoni Ellis & Ev. Jour. Myc. 6 : 79. 1890.

Polyporns xanthosporus Underw. Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci. 1893 : 61.

1894.

This interesting species was first described from specimens col-
lected by F. W. Anderson under the bark of an oak log at New-
field, New Jersey, in April, 1890. Owing to its peculiar habitat,
the plant is rarely found, although the copious yellow spores,
which sift through cracks in the bark and cover surrounding ob-
jects, had probably been known for some time.

In October, 1893, Underwood collected this species in quantity
beneath the bark of dead poplar logs near Terre Haute, Indiana,
describing it as Polyporus xanthosporus. The following June
it was found on an oak trunk near Emma, Missouri ; and in De-
cember, 1895, C. G. Lloyd collected it on a dead elm or poplar log
near Cincinnati, Ohio.

W. A. Murrill.

Fink’s Ascomycetes of Ohio

A treatment of the ascomycetes of Ohio is begun in Volume 2,
No. I, of Ohio Biological Survey . The work has been under-

taken by Professor Bruce Fink and collaborators, of Miami
University.

The first part of this work consists of a preliminary discussion
of the classification of the ascomycetes. After a rather full dis-
cussion of the morphology and the various theories relating to
the origin of the ascomycetes, a tentative scheme is proposed for
the taxonomic treatment of the ascomycetes of Ohio. While the
work is undertaken as a local matter, the principal orders and
families of the ascomycetes are considered so that the scheme
with some modification will apply equally well in a much broader
sense to the ascomycetes of North America.

It is worthy of note that in this scheme Fink has followed the
modern trend of thought in disposing of the lichens by distrib-
uting them among the true fungi. In many cases they are simply
disposed of in large groups, each order or family being placed
in its proper place among the orders and families of fungi. Some

58

Mycologia

lichen genera are still further distributed by infiltrating them
into existing families of fungi.

The second part of the work consists of a treatment of the
Collemaceae of Ohio. Sixteen species of the family are recog-
nized for Ohio, three of which are described as new.

This and similar lists are not only of local value but are also
of inestimable value to the student of North American ascomy-
cetes, especially those who are concerned with monographic work
on the various groups of ascomycetes for North American Flora.

F. J. Seaver.

Testimonial to Professor Charles Horton Peck

The friends and colleagues of Professor Peck, who recently
retired from the position of New York State Botanist after nearly
fifty years of service, have expressed a wish to commemorate his
important labors in the field of mycology by placing in the new
rooms of the New York State Museum an exhibit of reproduc-
tions of the edible and poisonous fungi of New York. The
preparation of this series has been assigned to Mr. Henri Mar-
chand, whose reproductions from nature, both in structural detail
and in coloring are of extraordinary beauty and fidelity, and
twelve clusters of fungi have already been completed. It is
desirable to finish the work this winter, as preliminary casts have
already been prepared of a large number of subjects. Contri-
butions to this very worthy and important undertaking may be
sent to Dr. John M. Clarke, Director, State Museum, Education
Building, Albany, N. Y.

INDEX TO AMERICAN MYCOLOGICAL
LITERATURE

Atkinson, G. F. Morphology and development of Agaricus Rod-
mani. Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. 54 : 309-343. pi. 7~i3 + /•

S 1915.

Babcock, D, C. Mushrooms — edible and poisonous. Ohio Agr.
Sta. Circ. 153; 89-92. /. 1-3. i My 1915.

Bailey, F. D. Powdery scab of potatoes in Oregon. Science II.
42:424,425. 24 S 1915.

Bartholomew, E. T. A pathological and physiological study of
the black heart of potato tubers. Centralb. Bakt. Zweite Abt.
43 : 609-639. pi. 1-3. 4 Je 1915.

Blakeslee, A. F. Sexual reactions between hermaphroditic and
dioecious Mucors. Biol. Bull. 29: 87-102. pi. 1-3 f. i, 2.
Au 1915.

Brown, N. A. A bacterial disease of lettuce. Jour. Agr. Re-
search 4: 475-478. 16 Au 1915.

Bryan, M. K. A nasturtium wilt caused by Bacterium solana-
cearum. Jour. Agr. Research 4: 451-457. pi. 63-66 -\-f- i~3-
16 Au 1915.

Buller, A. H. R. Die Erzeugung und Befreiung der sporen bei
Coprinus stcrquilinus. Jahr. Wiss. Bot. 56 : 299-329. pi. 2,
3A-i-i,2. 1915.

Burt, E. A. The Thelephoraceae of North America — IV. Ann
Missouri Bot. Gard. 2: 627-628. pi. 21. S 1915.

Carpenter, C. W. Some potato tuber-rots caused by species of
Ftisarium. Jour. Agr. Research 5: 183-210. pi. a, b, 14-19.
I N 1915.

Chivers, A. H. A monograph of the genera Chaetomium and
Ascotricha. Mem. Torrey Club 14: 155-240. pi. 6-17. 10 Je

1915-

59

60

Mycologia

Compere, G. Blight-resistant pear stocks. Monthly Bull. Calif.
State Comm. Hort. 4: 313-315. /. 67, 68. J1 1915.

Dodge, B. 0, The effect of the host on the morphology of certain
species of Gymnosporangium. Bull. Torrey Club 42: 519-542.
pi. 28, 2Q-. N 1915.

Duggar, B. M. Rhisoctonia crocarum (Pers.) DC. and R. Solani
Kiihn (Corticium vagtmi B. & C.) with notes on other species.
Ann. Missouri Bot. Card. 2 : 403-458. /. J-p. S 1915.

Durfee, T. Lichens of the Mount Monadnock region, New
Hampshire. No. 6. Bryologist 18: 51. 21 S 1915.

Eastham, J. W. Powdery scab of potatoes (Spongospora siib-
terranea (Wallr.) Johns). Canada Agr. Exp. Farms Circ. 5;
7-13. /. 1-5. F 1914.

Edgerton, C. W. Citrus canker. Louisiana Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull.
150: i-io. pi. I, 2. O 1914.

Edgerton, C. W. Effect of temperature on Glomerella. Phyto-
pathology 5 : 247-259. /. 1-4. O 1915.

Edgerton, C. W., and Moreland, C. C. The bean blight and pres-
ervation and treatment of bean seed. Louisiana Agr. Exp.
Sta. Bull. 139: 1-43. pi. 1-6. Ja 1913.

Edgerton, C. W., and Moreland, C. C. The tomato diseases.
Louisiana Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 142: 1-18. /. i, 2. Ap 1914.

Fraser, W. P. The cereal rusts. Ann. Rep. Quebec Soc. for
Protection of Plants from Insects and Fungous Diseases 7:
116-120. 1915.

Gloyer, W. 0. Ascochyta clematidina, the cause of stem-rot and
leaf-spot of Clematis. N. Y. Agr. Exp. Sta. Tech. Bull. 44:
3-14. pi. 1-5. Au 1915.

Hasse, H. E. Additions to the lichen flora of southern Cali-
fornia. No. II. Bryologist 18:92-94. S 1915.

Hauman-Merck, L. Les parasites vegetaux des plantes cultivees
en Argentine et dans les r^ions limitrophes. An. Mus. Nac.
Buenos Aires 26: 163-225. /. 1-6. 1915.

Index to American Mycological Literature

61

Hawkins, L. A. The utilization of certain pentoses and com-
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Johnston, J. R. La enfermedad del platano en Cuba. Cuba
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o 1915-

Lloyd, C. G. Synopsis of the section Apus of the genus Poly-
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Ludwig, ’C. A. Notes on some North American rusts with caeoma-
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Includes Caeonia dubium sp. nov.

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Murrill, W. A. The genus Clitocybe in North America. Myco-
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Includes descriptions of three new species.

62

Mycologia

Murrill, W. A. Illustrations of fungi — XXII. Mycologia 7 :
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Cortinarius roseipallidus sp. nov., C. erythrinus, C. anomalus, Melanoleuca
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Murrill, W. A. Notes on Agaricus reticeps Mont. Mycologia
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1915-

O’Gara, P. J. Occurrence of Thielavia basicola as a root para-
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Osmund, A. V., and Anderson, P. J. Ring-spot of cauliflower.
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1915-

Index to American Mycological Literature

63

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Thirty-seven new species are described.

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This article is also published in English and German in the same bulletin

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Two Parasitic Mushrooms - Edward T. Harper 65
Remarkable Fossil Fungi - Edward W. Berry 73

Laboratory Tests on the Durability of American Woods
I. Flask Tests on Conifers - C. J. Humphrey 80

The Earth-inhabiting Species of Ascobolus

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Mycologia

Plate CLXXVII

A, B. VOLVARIA LOWEIANA

C. VOLVARIA PLUMPTLOSA

D. CLITOCYBE NEBULARIS

MYCOLOGIA

VoL. VIII March, 1916 No. 2

TWO PARASITIC MUSHROOMS

Edward T. Harper

(With Plates 177-179, Containing 14 Figures)

VoLVARiA Loweiana (Berk.) Pat.

Specimens of this parasite on Clitocybe nebularis were found
by a member of the Minnesota Mycological Society in the autumn
of 1915 and sent to me by the president of the Society, Dr. Mary
S. Whetstone. Several collections both of the parasite and the
uninfected host plant were received, from which the accompany-
ing photographs were made. The plants grew in an area about
ten feet square on the ground among leaves about a cluster of
waxberry bushes. The host mushrooms had been collected from
this locality and eaten for four years, but the parasite did not
appear until the present season.

The host plants are deformed by the parasite and become irreg-
ular masses, like the so-called abortive forms of Clitopilus abor-
tivus and Armillaria mellea. Whether their structure is similar
to that of the host of Pilosace algeriensis described below could
not be determined from my specimens. The illustrations of the
European plants show less malformation of the host. The Vol-
varia appears as small, white, spherical bodies on the pileus of the
host and has a normal development like that of Volvaria bom-
bycina.

The specimens agree in all essential characters with Maire’s
description in the Bull. Soc. Myc. de France, Tome XXVII, fasc.
4, and I can add little from my material. The spore measure-
[Mycologia for January, 1916 (8: 1-64), was issued January 21, 1916.]

65

66

My COLOG I A

ments agree with those given by Maire, 4-5 X 6-7 /x, much larger
than those reported in the Sylloge, by Stevenson, etc.

Pileus 1-2 inches broad, ovoid or globose, becoming companu-
late and expanded, obtuse, broadly umbonate, villous-silky, dry,
not striate, fimbriate on the involute margin, white ; flesh solid,
white or with a tinge of pink; lamellae slightly ventricose, atten-
uated in each direction but somewhat broader in front, free, white-
floccose on the edges, becoming pink and finally reddish with
spores ; stem about 2 inches long, 2-3 lines thick, slightly bulbous
at the base, equal or somewhat attenuated upward, solid, white,
fibrillose ; volva white, covering the bulbous base of the stem,
free margin short, lobed ; spores pink to reddish in mass, ovoid or
ellipsoid, 4-5 X 6-7 /x, membrane thick, vacuoles one or two ;
basidia club-shaped, enlarged below the apex, 7 X 30 /x, contents
granular ; cystidia numerous especially on the edges of the lamel-
lae, ventricose, accuminate above with a cylindrical obtuse apex,

8-15X45-70/1^.

Parasitic on Clitocybc ncbnlaris.

Quelet considered V olvaria Loweiana, as a luxuriant parasitic
form of V olvaria plumidosa Lasch. The latter grows on the
ground among humus in fir woods. Maire, who has studied both
forms, agrees as to the identity of the two species, though he finds
some minor differences between them. The most important dif-
ference is that the spores of V olvaria plumidosa are a little
broader and shorter than those of V olvaria Loweiana but, as both
Patouillard and Britzelmayr give the spore measurements of V ol-
varia pliimtdosa fully as long as those of V olvaria Loweiana, he
concludes that the size of the spores may be variable. IMaire
gives photographs of both the parasitic and terrestrial form. The
group includes V olvaria Loweiana (Berk.), V olvaria plumidosa
(Lasch), V olvaria parvula var. major Wein., and Volvaria hypo-
pitys Fries.

I collected plants of this group on the ground under coniferous
trees at Frankfort, Mich., in August, 1911, but did not secure a
photograph of the fresh plants. The dried specimens are shown
in pi. 777, /. C. They agree with Volvaria plumidosa as described
and illustrated by Maire. The plants were white with a villous,
silky pileus, even, not striate on the margin. The stem was silky-
fibrillose, solid, slightly bulbous at the base, where it was covered

Harper: Two Parasitic Mushrooms

67

by the white volva. The plants were less robust and a little
smaller than Volvaria Loweiana. Most of the spores were 4-5 X
5-6 /t agreeing with Maire’s observation though many spores 7/x
in length were to be found. The basidia and cystidia in the two
plants agreed exactly, which is especially significant in the case of
the cystidia which have a peculiar shape. The plants are cer-
tainly closely related, though cultures would be necessary to prove
their identity. This would be difficult to accomplish with such
rare plants. Worthington Smith succeeded in growing Volvaria
Loweiana on Clitocybe nebularis.

The limits of the group in this country are not well fixed. Sev-
eral forms should be kept in mind by collectors.

1. Volvaria villosa-volva Lloyd, Myc. Notes 4: 31 and photo-
graph No. 81. The plants were found among dead leaves of
deciduous trees and had the volva overgrown with white, my-
celioid hairs. Otherwise they agreed with Volvaria pluniulosa,
as they had an even pileus and solid stem. The spores are said
to be globose, 5 /x in diameter. The white, myceloid base of the
stem is not remarkable in plants growing among dead leaves.

2. Volvaria umbonata Pk. Bull. Torrey Club 26; 64-65. 1899.
The species was based on plants found in Ohio by Lloyd, which
grew in lawns and grassy places. It is illustrated by Hard, Fig.
ip4, who found it not uncommon at Chillicothe, Ohio. The species
is distinguished from Voh'aria phimulosa by its striate and slightly
viscid pileus. In these respects, it agrees with Volvaria parznila
Wein., from which it differs in the solid stem. The spores are
4-5 X 5-7 /A exactly like those of Volvaria Loweiana and the other
members of the group. Peck considers Volvaria umbonata as
akin to Volvaria media but distinguished by the larger spores.
The reports of the spores of Volvaria media may, however, be
incorrect.

3. Volvaria pusilla Pers. It has often been reported from this
country and is considered the same as Volvaria parvula Wein.
The pileus is striate and viscid and the stem hollow, so that it
represents the opposite extreme of tlie group from Volvaria
Loweiana. It is also the smallest member of the group. The
spores and basidia are characteristic of the group, as are in all

68

Mycologia

probability the cystidia also, the measurements of which are given
in the Sylloge as 6-7 X 50-55

All the members of the group agree in their fruiting bodies and
in general appearance and color. They differ in various combi-
nations of the characters, solid or hollow stem, even or striate
pileus, and dry or viscid surface. Volvaria Loweiana is a case
where parasitism has resulted in robust and luxuriant growth.

Volvaria Loweiana was collected by Prof. John Dearness at
London, Ontario, Canada, in October, 1896, and distributed in
North Amer. Fungi, No. 3509. In my specimen, the spores of
the parasite are 4-5 X 6-8/4. No part of the host is present, but
it is said to grow parasitic on Clitocybe. Prof. Dearness informs
me that the host is Clitocybe nebularis and that the spores of the
host measure about 2.75 X 5 /^- He never found it on any other
species. Lloyd’s note in Volvae that Volvaria Loweiana was
found on Clitocybe monodelpha is an error.

The host plant, Clitocybe nebularis, is very widely reported
from both Europe and America, but the limits of its group are
not well understood. Peck confines the species to plants with
small spores, 2-3 X 4~5 and reports it as rare in New York
State, having been found in only two or three localities. He
illustrated it in Ann. Rep. N. Y. State Mus. 48 : pi. 23, f. 8-1^.
Murrill in Mycologia, Sept. 1915, p. 268, says the spores of the
European plant are 5-7 X 8-10 /<, and that Peck’s illustrations are
not suggestive of the European form.

There were two forms of the host of Volvaria Loweiana, both
growing in the small area where the parasite was found. One is
shown in pi. lyS, f.'A, B. The pileus was convex, whitish or with
a slight tint of yellow, covered with a slight pruinosity, and often
disfigured by dirt and humus. The lamellae were decurrent,
adnate or even sinuate when young, becoming long-decurrent
when mature. The stem was short, much thickened and often
curved at the base. The spores were small, 3-4 X 5-6/4. The
plants agree with the figures of Gillet and Britzelmayr except that
the stems are shorter. Britzelmayr gives the spore measurements
as 4 X 6-8 /4. The second form is shown in pi. 177, f. D. It had
a more equal stem gradually tapering upward, and the pileus was
dark-smoky-gray. The spores were slightly smaller than in the

Harper: Two Parasitic Mushrooms

69

first form, 2-3 X 4~5 They agree with Peck’s njeasurements,
and also with those given in the Sylloge, 2.5-3 X 4-5 and by
Stevenson, 3X4 or 3 X 3-5 The plants also agree with
Peck’s illustration and in general with that of Massee in British
Fungi and Lichens.

A very closely related group is that which contains Clitocybe
robusta and Clitocybe nobilis of Peck, Clitocybe Candida of Bresa-
dola, and, in Quelet’s opinion, also Paxillus Lepista. These plants,
as I have seen them growing among leaves in open woods in Wis-
consin, can scarcely be distinguished from the form of Clitocybe
nebularis shown in pi. lyS, f. A. B. They have a thick, white,
convex to depressed pileus. The lamellae are adnate or sinuate to
long-decurrent. The stems are usually short with much enlarged,
often curved bases. The spores are, however, larger, 4-5 X 7~9
in my specimens, 4-5 X 6-8 /<. and often slightly ochraceous in
Clitocybe robusta, 4-5 X 7-8 fx. in Clitocybe nobilis, and 3 X 7 in
Clitocybe Candida.

PiLOSACE ALGERiENSis (Fries) Quel.

In Mycologia, May, 1913, pp. 167-169, I gave reasons to show
that the mushroom parasitic on species of Coprinus and described
in this country as Panaeolus epimyces Peck and Stropharia copri-
nophila Atk. was the same as that illustrated by Lanzi, Fung.
Mang, pi. 6y, and identified as Pilosace algericnsis. During the
past season. Dr. Mary S. Whetstone sent me several specimens of
the plant found near Minneapolis, Minn., and from them I se-
cured the photographs in pi. 178, f. C, D and pi. i7p,f.A. A com-
parison with Lanzi’s pi. 67, f. b, c, d, leaves no doubt that his
specimens were parasites and the description proves their identity
with the species before us. The lamellae of the parasite become
wholly free from the stem as the pileus expands. The substance
of the stem is not continuous with that of the pileus as can be
seen in pi. ijg, f. A, and the pileus easily separates from the stem.
The plant has a universal veil which leaves the pileus and the base
of the stem scaly, but there is no evident volva or annulus. The
spores have a purple or brownish tinge rather than clear black.
Hence the species is more naturally placed in Pilosace than in
Panaeolus or Stropharia as was recognized by Fries, Quelet, and

70

Mycologia

Lanzi. Pilosace algeriensis appears to be very rare in Europe.
Prof. i\Iaire informs me he has never seen the species.

In addition to -what has been said about the species by Peck,
Atkinson, McKenna, Miss Sherman, and in my former article,
some points regarding the effect of the parasite on the host plant
are shown in these illustrations.

The carpophores of the parasite grow from the center of the
pileus of the host either singly or in clusters. A comparison with
the normal forms of the host, pi. i/Q,f. C, D, shows that the para-
site has prevented the natural elongation of the stem. In very
young carpophores of Coprinus, before the stem has begun to
elongate, the gill chambers open outward and more or less down-
ward with their bases and outer ends in the substance of the
pileus, and their inner ends in that of the stem, although the exact
point where the stem ends and the pileus begins, is somewhat
arbitrary at this early stage of development. The mouths of the
chambers are closed by the tissue of the veil, which is continuous
with the trama of the gills. This is seen in Levine’s figures of the
young stages of Coprinus micaceiis, Amer. Jour. Bot. i : pi. jp, /.
13-14 and pi. 40, f. p. I have no photographs of the young stages
of Coprinus, but the sections of Agaricus arvensis, pi. lyp, f. E, F,
are similar in the position of the young gill chambers. In /. E,
the chambers point diagonally upward. Compare Atkinson’s
illustrations in the Amer. Jour. Bot. i : pi. i.

In normal non-parasitized plants of Coprinus atramentarius,
the elongation of the stem and the simultaneous epinastic growth
in the pileus results in a reversed position of the gill chambers so
that when the pileus is formed and ready to expand the chambers
lie in a vertical position with their bases outward and their edges
towards the stem as in /. D. In plants which are parasitized, the
elongation of the stem is inhibited and the enlarged gill chambers
still lie obliquely upward with their mouths outward in the posi-
tion which they have in the fully expanded carpophore of a mush-
room of which the pileus becomes obconic or infundibuliform.
Thus is formed the top-shaped mass of the host plant shown in
the illustrations.

The substance of the veil which is left near the base of the
stem in normal plants, pi. ipp, f. C, becomes greatly thickened and

Harper: Two Parasitic Mushrooms

71

enlarged and covers the mouths of the gill chambers up to the
margin of the pileus with a thick coat, pi. lyg, f. B, and pi. 178,
f. C. The base of the stem is also much thickened and does not
become hollow. In many cases, there is a solid mass of parasitized
stem, veil, and gill tissue and no annular gill cavity is formed, but
often a more or less evident slit appears between the gills and
veil as in pi. z/p, f. A. This is the cleft observed by Lanzi and
interpreted by him as connected with the formation of a ring.

The gills of the host plants attain nearly normal size and some-
times produce spores but are more or less parasitized. The sub-
stance of the pileus appears to be least affected and is not greatly
thickened in the plants observed. The mycelium of the parasite
causes the greatest deformation in the stem and the fruiting bodies
are produced from the apex of the stem. This would suggest
that the mycelium enters the host from beneath, but the method
b)- which the Copriniis becomes infected is unknown:

I can offer no suggestion as to the group to which Pilosace
algericnsis belongs nor to what non-parasitic mushroom it is
nearest akin.

Geneseo, Illinois.

Explanation of Plates CLXXV'II-CLXXIX

Plate CLXXVII

Fig. A. Two mature plants of Volvaria Lozveiaita growing from the de-
formed pileus of Clitocybe nebularis.

Fig. B. A single carpophore of the parasite showing the volva.

Fig. C. Two plants of Volvaria plumnlosa taken from dried specimens.

Fig. D. Form of Clitocybe nebularis with nearly equal stem and dark-
fuscouJ pileus.

Plate CLXXVII I

Fig. A. Large plant of the form of Clitocybe nebularis with thick bulbous
stem, white pileus, and decurrent gills.

Fig. B. Small plant with adnate or sinuate gills.

Fig. C. Deformed Coprinus with a single carpophore of Pilosace algeri-
ensis growing from the center of the pileus.

Fig. D. Section of the host showing the depressed pileus with the para-
site in the center, the enlarged base of the stem, and the thickened veil cover-
ing the edges of the gills.

Plate CLXXIX •

Fig. A. Vertical section of both the host and the parasite. The gill slit
has been pulled open slightly. Compare with PI. 178, f. D.

72

Mycologia

Fig. B. Outer surface of an infected host showing the junction of the
pileus and the thickened veil.

Fig. C. Young carpophore of Coprimis atramentarius unaffected by the
parasite.

Fig. D. Vertical section showing the position of the gills when the pileus
begins to expand.

Fig. E. Section of a young carpophore of Agaricus arvensis showing the
position of the gill chambers.

Fig. F. Section of a somewhat older carpophore in the growing state,
showing the lines of growth, position of the gills and the partial veil when
the stem begins to elongate.

Mycologia

Plate CLXXVIII

A, B. CLITOCVBE NEBULARIS
C. D. PILOSACE ALGERIENSIS

Mycologia

Plate CLXXIX

A, B. PILOSACE ALGERIENSIS
C, D. COPRINUS ATRAMENTARIUS
E. F. AGARICUS ARVENSIS

REMARKABLE FOSSIL FUNGI

Edward W. Berry

(With Plates 180—182, Containing 16 Figures)

Among the relics of former vegetation that carry the record
back many millions of years the remains of fungi are so rarely
found that their presence is always exceptional, although it is
obvious that many times during the long history of the earth the
environment has offered optimum conditions for their abundant
development. To mention but one such occasion, that of the for-
mation of the coal measures must have witnessed an exceedingly
abundant mycological flora. That these plants were present thus
early is indicated by the abundance of hyphae, and other traces of
fungal activity such as butyric fermentation, in the tissues of
Carboniferous vascular plants, and the scarcity of described forms
must be attributed to the perishable nature of most fungal tissues
and to the lack of systematic work by experienced mycologists on
the more or less obscure material available. To be sure, quite a
considerable number of fossil forms referred to Fungi have been
recorded from various geologic horizons but the vast majority of
these are leaf-spot types based upon real or fancied resemblances,
and found on impressions of foliage and without definite botanical
characters. Some undoubtedly represent fungal ravages, others
are due to insects, some are glandular, and others are purely
imaginary.^

Sometimes the traces of fungi preserved in petrified plant tissues
are fortunately disclosed in sections and a number of well authen-
ticated forms are known, principally from the Carboniferous,
their discovery being due almost entirely to the relatively large
amount of histological work that has been expended on the Car-
boniferous flora. Some of the more important of these will be
mentioned in the following pages. The exceptional conditions of

1 For a rather complete illustrated list of all of these forms down to the
year 1900 the student is referred to Meschinelli, A., Fungorum Fossilium
omnum Iconographia, 1902, 144 pp., 31 pis.

73

74

Mycologia

preservation afforded by the accumulations of amber at a time
long subsequent to the Carboniferous have given us a glimpse of
some few fungal types of the older Tertiary.

In the examination of a large series of petrified woods (the
majority of which are of Tertiary age) for the United States
Geological Survey, I have frequently noted the ravages of para-
sitic fungi as well as branching mycelia of both septate and non-
septate hyphae. Most of these are too indefinite for incorpora-
tion ,in the record, but it may be safely concluded that fungi were
obviously as abundant then as now, and among the remains dis-
covered several are so exceptionally well preserved that their de-
scription becomes important to both the botanist and geologist.

The first of these may be called Peronosporoides palmi sp. nov.,
not so much because T am certain that it is related to the modern
genus Peronospora, but because it resembles various living species
in that genus and I believe is clearly referable to the Peronospora-
cese. It may be described as far as the nature of the material
permits as follows :

INIycelium intercellular, freely branching, with fused cross
branches. Hyphae thin, .0025 mm. to .00375 diameter,

profusely septate, the lengths of the cells variable, no clamp con-
nections observed. Oogonia intercellular, numerous, relatively
large, spherical, terminal, about .0357 mm. in diameter. Antheridia
somewhat smaller, about .0238 mm. in diameter, subspherical.
Objects having all the appearance of oospores or zoospores are
distinctly visible in some of the ooginia. PI. 180, f. 2, shows two
partially collapsed antheridia in conjugation with oogonia and the
oogonia which are interpreted as containing oospores are found in
those oogonia as in PI. 180, f. 3, where the antheridium is com-
pletely collapsed and only a trace of it is left or where it has
entirely disappeared.

This form is exceedingly abundant and beautifully silicified in
a small stem (about 7 cm. in diameter) of Palmoxylon cellulosum
Knowlton from the lower Oligocene of Mississippi. Oogonia and
antheridia are plentiful both in the broken down fibro-vascular
bundles and in the intercellular spaces of the parenchymatous
ground mass of the stem. Several of the oogonia show what are
clearly to be interpreted as spores and after making a careful
survey of the literature I feel justified in asserting that this is the

Berry : Remarkable Fossil Fungi

75

best preserved fungus thus far discovered. It is true that this
Oligocene species is very similar to the type figures of Perono-
sporites antiquaria Worthington Smith* but his figures are evi-
dently idealized from his knowledge of recent fungi, if reliance
can be placed on Seward’s statement® that “ Prof. Williamson and
others have carefully examined the specimens, but they have
failed to detect any trace of reproductive cells enclosed in the
spherical sacs.” Whether this does or does not do an injustice to
the original describer of Peronosporites antiqiiarius I am unable
to state, but feel disposed to give full weight to Seward’s state-
ment since this form has been found to be quite abundant in the
scalariform tissues of Lcpidodendron and both Cash and Hick^
and Williamson® have described similar material. The latter
author states that an examination of Srhith’s type as well as ad-
ditional slides failed to show any oospores or any septation of the
hyphae and he states that its botanical relations are with the Sapro-
legnieae and not with the Peronosporaceae.

A form very similar to the English species has been described
from the French coal measures as Palaeomyces by Renault,®^ and
Coulter and Land^ have recently figured what appear to be an-

Coulter and Land, Bot. Gaz. vol. 51, 1911, p. 452, figs. 21—23.

theridia and oogonia which they found in rootlets that had pene-
trated a Lepidostrobus cone from the Carboniferous of Warren
County, Iowa. Jeffrey® has described and figured a fungus found
in the Tertiary lignites of Brandon, Vermont, which he calls
Sclerotites hrandonianus and which while he interprets it as a
sclerotium stage, is not unlike Peronosporoides palmi, although it
occurs in dicotyledonous instead of monocotyledonous wood and
is not nearly as well preserved as the latter species.

To avoid any possible errors of representation, I have therefore

2 Gardeners Chronicle, vol. 8, 1877, p. 499.

® Fossil Plants, 1898, p. 218.

* Cash and Hick, On fossil fungi from the Lower Coal-Measures of Hali-
fax. Proc. Yorkshire Geol. Polyt. Soc., vol. 7, 1878, p. 115.

5 Williamson, W. C. Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc., vol. 172, 1881, p. 300, pi.
48, figs. 36-38; pi. 54, figs. 28-33.

® Bassin houiller et permien d’Autun et d’Epinac, Fasc. IV, 2e partie, 1896,
PP* 439, 441, figs. 88, 89, 90.

* Jeffrey, E. C., Geol. Surv. Vermont, Rept. from 1905-1906, p. 200.

76

Mycologia

illustrated this species photographically, although drawings would
bring out the details to better advantage. I have submitted speci-
mens to the mycologists of the Bureau of Plant Industry and wish
to record my indebtedness to ]\Irs. Flora W. Patterson, the Mycol-
ogist in Charge of the Pathological Collections, for information
and suggestions. She has confirmed the presence of oospores in
some of the oogonia and was disposed to consider the form iden-
tical with Peronosporites antiquarius. In review of the state-
ments of Murray (in the Academy, Nov. 17, 1877), and of Wil-
liamson and Seward mentioned above, it is obvious that we are
dealing with a distinct form. Due weight must also be given to
the enormous time interval between the Carboniferous and Oli-
gocene, as well as the geographic interval between Yorkshire and
Mississippi. Moreover the oogonia of the American species are
more than twice the size of the supposed oogonia of Perono-
sporites antiquarius.

Regarding the botanical position of the present form it is clearly
a Phycomycete and belongs to the group Oomycetes. In the latter
group I cannot find any family of existing forms to which it can
be referred other than the Peronosporaceae. It is, of course,
necessary to consider whether the existing families extend back in
time some million of years, and on this point I am inclined to think
the endoparasitic forms have varied but little since they assumed
their present mode of life in their substantially unchanged environ-
ment. The Peronosporaceae are commonly thought of as exclu-
sively endoparasitic in leaves and as exserting their spore-produc-
ing apparatus into the air through stomata or dissolved cuticles,
thus producing the familiar downy mildews. A number of forms
have, however, been observed in which the older mycelial branches
in rotting tissues swell up and form antheridia and oogonia within
these tissues and it is a reasonable assumption that Peronospora-
like extinct genera, which perhaps if they could be studied with
the facility of existing forms would be referred to extinct fam-
ilies, have existed in past time. I have therefore proposed the
generic term Peronosporoides for forms like the present which
resemble the modern Peronosporaceae and are undoubtedly fili-
ated types.

9 Felix, J. Zeitz. deutsch. geol. Gesell., 1894, p. 276, pi. 19, fig. i.

Berry: Remarkable Fossil Fungi

77

The second form appears to be referable to the genus Clados-
porites proposed by Felix® in 1894 for an Eocene form from
Perekeschkul, Austria. It may be called Cladosporites oligocae-
nicum sp. nov. in allusion to its occurrence in wood of lower Oli-
gocene age. It is found in the same rotten stem of Palmoxylon
cellulosum Knowlton as Peronosporoidcs palmi. It shows a much-
branched intra-cellular mycelium with united side branches and
made up of fine, much-septate hyphae .0028 mm. in diameter.
These hyphae proliferate freely within the cells of the parenchyma
and occasionally are observed to send off haustoria to the walls.
They frequently show terminal conidia which are in linear pairs,
triplets or quadruplets, being generally in pairs or triplets. The
conidia are sub-spherical in form and range in diameter from .0035
mm. to .0054 mm. For example, in PI. 181, f. 4, the proximal
segment is .00357 X -004 mm. ; the middle segment is .0045
mm. X -0054 mm. ; and the distal segment is .0036 mm. X -004
mm. Associated with these well marked conidia and borne on
hyphae of similar size are the objects shown on Plate 18 1, fig. 2,
5, and 8, which it would seem can best be interpreted as zygospo-
rangia. They are without preserved contents and are not certainly
identified with Cladosporites oligocaenicmn. Cladosporites was
named by Felix from its resemblance to the members of the exist-
ing genus Cladosporium Link, but since the habit of forming
chains of conidia is a widespread one in the Fungi and the fossil
forms are all endoparasites in the vascular axis of trees, the pres-
ent species being an intra-cellular parasite, I am not prepared to
say that they should be referred to the Didymosporae of the
Hyphomycetes (Lindau) or just what their nearest existing rela-
tives should be considered to be. An additional species of Clado-
sporites was recently described by Whitford^® from the Pliocene
Snake Creek beds of Nebraska.

The third new species to which I wish to call attention may be
named Cladosporites fasciculatus sp. nov. It is found in exceed-
ing abundance in silicified specimens of lauraceous wood from the
middle Eocene (Yegua formation of the Claiborne group) of

10 Whitford, A. C., University Studies, Univ. of Nebraska, vol. 14, 1914,
3 pp., 2 pis.

78

Mycologia

Texas and is entirely unlike any previously recorded fossil forms.
I do not know its botanical affinity and rather than multiply gen-
eric terms of unknown botanical value I have preferred to refer
this and the preceding species to Felix’s genus Cladosporites, being
influenced in the case of the present species by its resemblance to
the existing Cladosporium herbarnni (Pers.) Link. It may be
incompletely described as follows : Mycelium intra-cellular, in the
vessels of the secondary wood, attached to the vessel walls by
haustoria, and forming small fasciculate apparently unbranched
tufts projecting freely in the vessel cavity. The hyphae are thin
and the majority are somewhat tapering distad although in some
cases they taper proximad. Septa were not observed. In only
one case was a distal branch observed (PL 182, f. i.) Although
there are some hundreds of tufts of this fungus in the slides
examined, only two of these show conidia (PI. 182, f. 2). The
latter are terminal, fusiform in outline and somewhat variable in
length. They appear to be simple and I am unable to assert
positively that they are cut off from the hyphae by septa although
I imagined that I saw such septation. The hyphae average about
.0013 mm. in diameter and the conidia range from .002 mm. X
.004 mm. to .002 mm. X -Oi2 mm. in diameter.

Associated with this species are rambling mycelial hyphae which
clamber over the vessel walls. These bear numerous antheridia
and odgonia or sclerotia and their characteristic appearance is
shown in PI. 182, f. 2. I do not consider it worth while to attempt
to name or describe them.

The three species that I have ventured to describe are so unique
and well preserved as well as so characteristic that I hope their
publication may incite some experienced mycologist to delve in
the field of fossil fungi which should prove to be a scientifically
fruitful as well as delightful occupation.

It has been abundantly proven that we knew but little of the
phylogeny of the vascular plants before their extinct ancestors
were considered and the same should prove true in the case of the
lower plants which are of so much more ancient a lineage.

The Johns Hopkins University,

Baltimore, Maryland.

Mycologia

Plate CLXXX

PERONOSPOROIDES PALMI BERRY

Mycologia

Plate CLXXXI

1-8. CLADOSPORITES OLIGOCAENICUM BERRY
9 II. PERONOSPOROIDES PALMI BERRY

Mycologia

Plate CLXXXII

CLADOSPORITES FASCICULATUS BERRY

Berry: Remarkable Fossil Fungi

79

Explanation of Plates CLXXX-CLXXXII
Plate CLXXX

Figs. 1-3. Peronosporoides palmi Berry. Showing mycelia, antheridia,
and oogonia in tissues of Pahnoxylon cellulosum Knowlton from the lower
Oligocene of Bayou Pierre, Mississippi. Fig. i, X 50; figs. 2 and 3, X 200.

Plate CLXXXI

Figs. 1-8. Cladosporites oligocaenicum Berry. Showing mycelia, zygo-
sporangia, and conidia in the tissues of Palmoxylon cellullosum Knowlton
from the lower Oligocene of Bayou Pierre, Mississippi. X 400.

Figs. 9— II. Peronosporoides palmi Berry.

Fig. 9. Mycelium with oogonium. X 400.

Fig. 10. Antheridium and oogonium. X 400.

Fig. II. Oogonium with oospores and traces of collapsed antheridium.
X 400.

Plate CLXXXII

Figs. 1, 2. Cladosporites fasciculatns Berry. Showing mycelia and conidia.
in vessels of Laurinoxylon from Middle Eocene of Westmorland Bluff, Trin-
ity River, Texas. X 400

LABORATORY TESTS ON THE DURABILITY
OF AMERICAN WOODS— I.

FLASK TESTS ON CONIFERS

C. J. Humphrey
(With Plate 183)

Introduction

Our present knowledge of the relative durability of American
woods has been, for the most part, derived from service or field
tests carried out by engineers or agriculturalists. Certain of the
larger wood users, such as railroads, telephone and telegraph com-
panies, have for several years past kept records on the durability
of ties, poles and other timbers as a basis for the selection of
durable material or for determining the expediency of applying
wood preservatives. Similar data have been secured through the
experimental work of the United States Forest Service and the
Agricultural Experiment Stations.

The conditions governing such tests can not be kept uniform or
in any way put under control. Hence, even for a single species
of timber, the data secured will be highly variable, depending upon
the character of the soil, drainage, air and soil temperature, pre-
cipitation, atmospheric humidity, and any other factors which
may influence the growth of wood-rotting fungi. Since environ-
mental factors offer great variations between different regions of
the United States, we can readily see why the natural durability
of timber in warm, humid regions, for instance, frequently falls
short of its resistance to decay in cooler, less moist localities.

The question of the presence or absence of certain of the more
destructive species of fungi in a given locality also influences nat-
ural durability. In regions long free of forests the soil may, for
instance, be comparatively free of wood-rotting fungi. The rela-
tive great abundance of decay-producing species and individuals
in the tropics is one factor in the rapid deterioration of timber in
those regions. It is but Nature’s way in maintaining the proper

80

Humphrey: Durability of American Woods

81

balance in plant life, for where trees develop luxuriantly they
must also rot rapidly.

The manner and rate at which different species of fungi act on
given kinds of wood is often highly variable, more or less a spe-
cific property of the fungus. Under natural conditions certain
species seem exclusively or predominantly to attack conifers, while
others confine their activities to hardwood (broadleaf) timber.
Still others may attack almost exclusively hardwood trees in one
region and conifers in another. In some cases this may be an
apparent rather than a real condition, however, since our judg-
ment as to the identity of a fungus rests upon the morphological
characters of the fruit-bodies which it produces and it is an oft-
observed fact that many decaying timbers fail to develop the fruit-
ing stage of the organism at all.

Laboratory Tests on Durability

Comparatively few laboratory tests on the durability of timber
are recorded either in European or American literature. The
European continent, however, has few timber species compared
with the great variety on the American side.

Through the activities of the United States Forest Service
strength values and other physical properties of our commercial
woods have been worked out, but this paper is the first of a series
on the relative resistance which the different timbers offer toward
different fungi. It is proposed to carry on the work from year to
year, using various wood-rotting fungi and adding new kinds of
timber as they are made available.

The work was begun about three years ago at the Forest Prod-
ucts Laboratory on material collected from all portions of the
United States primarily for timber test purposes. Both heart-
wood and sapwood were secured whenever possible, but since the
available material comprised in many cases only corners and slabs
remaining after sawing out the specimens for strength tests it was
not always possible to get everything desired. In the case of hem-
locks, firs and spruces heartwood and sapwood are poorly differ-
entiated as far as color changes go, the differences in physiological
functions in the living trees, however, are just as marked as in

82

Mycologia

other species of timber. Wood classed as heartwood was always
selected well within the sapwood ring.

The present paper comprises tests on 28 species of conifers and
presents data only on single specimens of wood for three different
test periods. As it consists in but one set of tests the figures should
be considered as preliminary and indicative rather than final.
Other tests now under way will throw further light on the ques-
tion and when sufficient data have accumulated generalizations
will become admissable. Due consideration to these facts should
be given in interpreting durability values. Also, the fact that dif-
ferent samples of the same kind of wood show different durabil-
ities, depending upon their physical, and possibly chemical, consti-
tution must be kept in mind in establishing a true conception of
the resistance which the woods offer to decay.

The very destructive and vigorous-growing fungus, Lentinas
lepideus Fr., which is abundantly distributed on coniferous timber
over practically the entire United States, was selected for this
first series of tests on account of its very rapid growth and the
vigor with which it is known to rot many species of conifers in
nature. The culture was secured from a tissue transfer taken
from a plant collected by the writer from a Douglas fir stump in
Montana in 1910. The purity of the culture is unquestioned; it
has produced typical, but, of course, reduced, fruit-bodies several
times during the course of the tests {Plate 18^.)

Method

All tests have been conducted in 2-liter Erlenmeyer flasks,
plugged rather tightly with absorbent cotton, and then capped with
thin muslin soaked in a dilute solution of mercuric chloride.

The flasks were prepared in triplicate, the original intention
being to examine the first at the end of three months, the second
after six months, and the third after nine months. Field work
interrupted this schedule somewhat, as noted by the tables.

The test woods were identified and the logs marked with a
stencil or paint in the forest by the various collectors. They were
then shipped to the laboratory in a green condition and sawn as
needed. The blocks for durability tests were cut ^ by ^ inch

Humphrey: Durability of American Woods

83

square and 2 inches long frorn clear material, free of defects. In
selecting heart and sapwood close attention was paid to getting
representative material. In order to determine the actual loss in
weight from decay, the blocks were dried in a steam-heated oven
for 48 hours at a temperature of 100° C., or close around that
point, and then weighed to the nearest .01 of a gram. On the
completion of the tests the blocks were again oven-dried in a
similar manner, the resulting weights compared with the original,
and the percentage loss, based on the dry weight of the sound
material calculated.

The flasks in which the experiments were carried out were pre-
pared as follows: Culture blocks^ from i to 2 inches long and of a
diameter sufficient to go through the neck of a wide-mouth flask
were cut from hemlock, boiled to saturation in tap water, and
given a preliminary sterilization of several hours at about 10
pounds pressure in the autoclave. This was for the purpose of
killing any latent fungi and of removing the excess water. On
removing from the autoclave a layer of these blocks was placed
in the bottom of each flask, resting on a layer of absorbent cotton^
saturated with water. The test blocks, usually ten different spe-
cies to a flask, were then inserted in a dry condition, taking care
to keep them well off the wet cotton. Another layer of hemlock
culture blocks was then added to about three-fourths of the height
of the flask, this being surmounted by another wad of saturated
absorbent cotton. The flasks were then tightly plugged with
cotton and sterilized in the autoclave, without pressure, for periods
of 45, 30, and 30 minutes, respectively, on three successive days.

After sterilization they were inoculated with a culture of Len-
tinus lepideus, growing on a bean pod, by emptying the bean
directly into the flask. When inoculating wood cultures it is
quite essential to use a generous quantity of infecting material.

The test blocks were grouped more or less according to their
supposed durability, heartwood and sapwood samples in every

1 The term “ culture blocks ” refers to the irregular hemlock blocks intro-
duced into the flasks as a medium to support a vigorous growth of the fungus
in order to secure a uniform and severe infection of the “ test blocks.”

- In later work the cotton has been omitted, as the test blocks often became
too wet.

84

Mycologia

TABLE I

Durability of Sapwood after 4 Months’ Test*

[An asterisk (*) denotes that the blocks became too wet for a fair test.]

Kind of Wood

Flask

Oven-Dry
Weight (Grams)

Loss

Remarks

No.

Before

Test

After

Test

Grams

Per

Cent,

Eastern hemlock

I

6.44

5-25

1. 19

18.5

Considerably rotted.

Mountain hemlock. . . .

I.

7-39

7.07

0.32

4-3*

Western hemlock

4

7.87

5-67

2.20

28.0

Seriously rotted.

Engelmann spruce

4

6-35

4-51

1.84

29.0

Seriously rotted.

Sitka spruce

4

5-49

4.61

0.88

14.2*

Red spruce

4

6.79

4.98

1. 81

26.7

Rotted at ends.

White spruce

4

6.25

4-51

1.74

27.8

Seriously rotted.

Alpine fir

4

6.19

4.76

1-43

23-1

Seriously rotted.

Grand fir

4

7-30

6.90

0.4

5-5*

Grand fir

4

5-98

4-58

1.40

23-4

Seriously rotted.

Noble fir

4

6.73

S-OS

1.68

25.0

Seriously rotted.

Douglas fir

7

7-36

5-42

1.94

26.4

Seriously rotted.

European larch

4

7.16

6.44

0.72

10. 0*

Western yellow pine. . . .

I

6.6s

S-03

1.62

24.4

Seriously rotted.

Lodgepole pine

I

6.80

5-37

1-43

21.0

Seriously rotted.

Longleaf pine

7

7-93

S-Si

2.42

30.5

Seriously rotted.

Shortleaf pine

7

8.46

6.34

2.12

25-1

Seriously rotted in
springwood.

Table mountain pine. . .

I

7-33

6.69

0.64

8.7*

Pitch pine

I

8.65

6-55

2.10

24-3

Seriously rotted.

White pine

I

4.12

3-o6

1.06

25-7

Seriously rotted.

Sugar pine

I

S-ii

3-94

1. 17

22.9

Seriously rotted.

Western white pine. . . .

I

6.40

S-30

1. 10

17.2

Considerably rotted.

White cedar

7

4-52

4-50

0.02

*

Western red cedar

7

4.76

4-65

O.II

2.3*

Port Orford cedar

7

6.52

5-23

1.29

19.8

Seriously rotted on
three sides.

California juniper

7

9-50

6.81

2.69

28.3

Seriously rotted.

Western juniper

7

6.77

S-30

1.47

21.7

Seriously rotted.

Bigtree

7

7-94

7.72

0.22

2.8*

case being tested in separate flasks. Each block was marked by
writing its name and number on two faces with a soft heavy-
leaded pencil. This system of marking has proven satisfactory
and has been adopted for all work of this nature.

The flasks were inoculated on January 29, 1914. In about a
month the contents were uniformly infected throughout. Flasks
II, 12, and 17, becoming contaminated with molds, were opened,
the test blocks again oven-dried for 24 hours and new culture
flasks prepared as before. All cultures were then kept in a glass
case in the diffuse light of the laboratory. The temperature fluc-

3 Data in this table and the following are based on single specimens of
each sample of wood.

Humphrey : Durability of American Woods

85

TABLE II

Durability of Heartwood after 4 Months’ Test

[An asterisk (*) denotes that the blocks became too wet for a fair test.]

Kind of Wood

Flask

Oven-Dry
Weight (Grams)

Loss

Remarks

No.

Before

Test

After

Test

Grams

Per

Cent.

Eastern hemlock

16

7-7S

6.12

1.63

21.0

Considerably rotted.

Mountain hemlock. . . .

16

8.25

4.90

3-35

40.6

Seriously rotted.

Western hemlock

13

7.19

S-3I

1.88

26.1

Seriously rotted.

Engelmann spiuce

13

7.10

3.65

3-45

48.6

Friable when dry.

Sitka spruce

13

6.81

4-43

2.38

34-9

Seriously rotted.

Red spruce

13

6.89

4.80

2.09

30.3

Seriously rotted.

White spruce

13

6.20

4.ri

2.09

33-7

Seriously rotted.

Alpine fir

13

6.22

3-73

2.49

40.0

Friable when dry.

Grand fir

13

7-23

5-04

2.19

30.3

Friable when dry.

Grand fir

13

5-93

2.79

3-14

53-0

Friable when dry.

Noble fir

13

7-44

511

2.33

31-3

Seriously rotted.

Douglas fir

10

7.12

4-73

2.39

33-6

Seriously rotted.

European larch

13

7-23

4.18

3-05

42.2

Seriously rotted.

Western yellow pine . . .

16

7.11

5.84

1.27

17.9

Considerably rotted.

Lodgepole pine

16

6.74

5-73

0.99

14.7*

Considerably rotted.

Longleaf pine

10

10.62

10.58

0.04

0.4

Sound.

Short leaf pine

10

ii.Si'

10.70

0.81

7.0

Slightly rotted in
springwood.

Table mountain pine. . .

16

10.50

10.12

0.38

3-6

Slightly affected.

Pitch pine

16

10.69

10.44

0.25

2.3“^

Norway pine

16

8.02

8.02

0

0 *

White pine

16

6.57

6.50

0.07

1. 1*

Sugar pine

16

5-95

5-10

0.85

14-3*

Western white pine. . . .

16

7.14

6.45

0.69

9.7*

Considerably rotted.

White cedar

10

5-07

5-10

0

0

Sound.

Western red cedar

10

5-o6

5-04

0.02

0.4*

Port Orford cedar

10

7-iS

7.06

0.09

1.3*

California juniper

10

9.88

9.90

0

0

Sound.

Western juniper

10

6.15

6.H

0.04

0.7*

Bigtree

10

8.10

8.04

0.06

0.7

Sound.

tuated considerably with the seasonal variations, usually around
20° C. in the winter and running up to 25 to 30° C. during the
warm summer months.

Eighteen flasks in all were prepared. Flasks 1,4, 7, 10, 13, and
16 were opened and examined on May 24, 1914, four months after
inoculation; flasks 2, 5, 8, and 14 were opened on August 4, after
six months’ test; flasks 3, 6, 9, 15, and 18 after twelve months;
flasks II, 12, and 17, which were remade and inoculated on March
24, 1914, were examined on the same date the following year.

In computing the actual period of test it should be kept in mind
that from three to four weeks are required to get a uniform infec-
tion after the inoculations are made. In the following tables.

86

Mycologia

TABLE III

Durability of Sapwood after 6 Months’ Test

[An asterisk (*) denotes that the blocks became too wet for a fair test.]

Kind of Wood

Flask

Oven-Dry
Weight (Grams)

Loss

No.

Before

Test

After

Test

Grams

Per

Cent.s

Remarks

Eastern hemlock

2

6-55

546

1.09

16.6*

Rotted at ends.

Mountain hemock

2

7.40

6.13

1,27

17.2*

Rotted at ends.

Western hemlock

5

8.SS

7-52

1.03

12.0*

Engelmann spruce

5

6. II

3-41

2.70

44.2

Well rotted.

Sitka spruce

S

5-74

2.68

306

53-3

Friable when dry.

Red spruce

5

6-43

3-39

3-04

47-3

Friable when dry.

White spruce

.■5

6.4s

3-21

3-24

50.2

Friable when dry.

Alpine fir

S

6.IS

3-40

2.75

44-7

Friable when dry

Grand fir

S

6.57

3-90

2.67

40.6

Well rotted.

Grand fir

.s

S-P.?

3-64

2.31

38.8

Well rotted.

Noble fir

s

6.53

3-80

2.73

41.8

Well rotted.

Douglas fir

8

7.67

3.96

3-71

48.4

Friable when drj\

European larch

5

7.40

3-73

367

49.6

Friable when drj-.

Western yellow pine. . .

2

7.27

3-45

3-82

52. 5

Well rotted.

Lodgepole pine

2

7.10

3-79

3-31

46.6

Well rotted.

Longleaf pine

8

8.78

3-85

4-93

56.1

Friable when dry.

Shortleaf pine

8

7.90

2.79

S-ii

64.7

Friable when dry.

Table mountain pine. . .

2

7.80

4-53

3-27

41.9

Well rotted in spring-
wood.

Pitch pine

2

8.92

7.60

1.32

14.8*

White pine

2

4.20

2.00

2.20

52.4

Friable when dry.

Sugar pine

2

S-ii

2.31

2.80

54-8

Friable when dry.

Western white pine ....

2

8.10

4-45

3-65

4S-I

Well rotted.

White cedar

8

456

4.07

0.49

10.7

Well rotted on sap
side — two- fifths
heartwood.

Western red cedar

8

4.86

1.96

2.90

59-7

Friable when dry.

Port Orford cedar

8

6.20

3.8S

2.35

37-9

Well rotted at ends.

California juniper

8

9S9

8.44

i-iS

12.0*

Western juniper

8

6.6s

3-40

3-25

48.9

Friable when dry.

Bigtree

8

8.39

5-24

3-15

37-5

Well rotted in spring-
wood.

however, the test period is considered as beginning with the date
of inoculation.

Tables I to VI present the essential data, giving the loss in
weight after the different test intervals, together with notes on the
condition of the test blocks.

In Table VII the preceding tables are summarized, averages be-
ing given for both the heartwood and sapwood of hemlocks,
spruces and firs and for the sapwood of the white and hard pine
groups. Where the test blocks were too wet they have been
marked by an asterisk and have been excluded from all averages.

Humphrey: Durability of American Woods

87

TABLE IV

Durability of Heartwood after 6 Months’ Test
[An asterisk (*) denotes that the blocks became too wet for a fair test.]

Kind of Wood

Flask

Oven- Dry
Weight (Grams)

Loss

Remarks

No.

Before

Test

After

Test

Grams

Per

Cent.

Western hemlock

14

7.14

330

384

53.8

Friable when dry.

Engelmann spruce

14

7-25

3-55

3-70

SI-0

Friable when dry.

Sitka spruce

14

6.29

3-6o

2.69

42.8

Friable when dry.

Red spruce

14

6.84

2.90

3-94

57.6

Friable when dry.

White spruce

14

6.13

3-20

2.93

47-9

Friable when dry.

Alpine fir

14

6.7s

3-55

3-20

47-4

Friable when dry.

Grand fir

14

7.04

3.8s

319

45-3

Friable when dry.

Grand fir

14

5-65

2.86

2.79

49-4

Friable when dry.

Noble

14

7.87

4-85

3-02

38.4

Friable when dry.

European laich

14

10.04

7.48

2.56

25-S

Well rotted in spring-
wood.

In drawing conclusions from the above data the moisture con-
dition of the test blocks should be given due weight. Such as
became obviously too wet for decay to progress at its maximum
rate have been indicated, but certain of the other blocks may have
varied around their optimum sufficiently to influence the results
somewhat. There is a strong indication that certain of the woods
vary in their hygroscopic properties, and would thus absorb more
moisture in a given time than other woods placed under similar
conditions in the same flasks.

In order to assist toward a proper conception of the prevailing
moisture condition the records made at the time of opening the
flasks are presented as follows :

Flasks II, 12, 1 6, and 17 were undeniably too wet. The re-
sults on flask 17 have not been used and flasks ii and 12 have only
been employed insofar as they appear of some value in forming a
tentative estimate of durability.

In flasks i, 2, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 18 the moisture conditions were
fairly good but rather in excess of the optimum.

Flasks 3, 5, 6, 13, 14, and 15 were in excellent condition, flask
13 apparently being the best of all.

In flask 10 the blocks of white cedar and California juniper
were lying close to the top and were only slightly overgrown.

The growth of the fungus was very luxuriant in all and the

88

Mycologia

TABLE V

Durability of Sapwood after 12 Months’ Test

[An asterisk (*) denotes that the blocks became too wet for a fair test.l

Kind of Wood

Flask

Oven- Dry
Weight (Grams)

Loss

Remarks

No.

Before

Test

After

Test

Grams

Per

Cent.

Eastern hemlock

3

7.40

2.39

5. 01

67.7

Friable when dry.

Mountain hemlock ....

3

8.08

2.47

5-6i

69.4

Friable when dry.

Western hemlock

6

7-9S

2.41

S-S4

69.7

Friable when dry.

Engelmann spruce

6

6.91

2.20

4.71

68.2

Friable when dry.

Sitka spruce

6

5-84

1.84

4.00

68.5

Friable when dry.

Red spruce

6

6.21

2,00

4.21

67.8

Friable when dry.

White spruce

6

7.26

1.78

5-48

7S-S

Friable when dry.

Alpine fir

6

5-95

2.0s

3-90

65-5

Friable when dry.

Grand fir

6

6.58

2.52

4.06

61.7

Friable w'hen dry.

Grand fir

6

6.37

1-93

4.44

69.7

Friable when dry.

Noble fir

6

6.52

2.04

4.48

68.7

Friable when dry.

Douglas fir

9

7-52

2.37

5-iS

68.5

Fiiable when dry.

European larch

6

7.16

2. II

5-OS

70.5

Friable when dry.

Western yellow pine . . .

3

8.18

2.38

5-8o

70.9

Friable when dry.

Lodgepole pine

3

7.13

2.30

483

67.7

Friable when dry.

Longleaf pine

9

8.13

2.49

5-64

69.4

Friable when dry.

Shortleaf pine

9

9-57

3-00

6.57

68.7

Friable when dry.

Table mountain pine. . .

3

8.00

2.40

5.60

70.0

Friable when dry.

Pitch pine

3

9.60

2.7s

6.85

71-4

Friable when dry.

White pine

3

4-75

1.47

328

69.1

Friable when dry.

Sugar pine

3

S.18

1.67

3-51

67.8

Friable when dry.

Western white pine. . . .

3

8.18

3-iS

S-03

61.5

Friable when dry.

White cedar

9

6.63

6.12

0.51

7-7*

Slightly rotted— two-
fifths heart.

Western red cedar

9

4.76

30s

1. 71

35-9*

Seriously rotted at
ends.

Port Orford cedar

9

6.93

2.30

4-63

66.8

Friable when dr.v.

California juniper

9

9-30

5-78

3-52

37-9*

Well rotted at ends.

Western juniper

9

7.21

6.00

1. 21

16.8*

Considerably rotted.

Bigtree

9

8.38

3.10

5.28

63.0

Friable when dry.

hemlock culture blocks were for the most part thoroughly rotted
except as they were too wet, particularly in the bottom of the
flasks in contact with the wet cotton.

For the sapwood of 19 species which were in good condition for
decay we find an average loss of 24.4 per cent, in 4 months. The
average for hemlocks, spruces, and firs (including Douglas fir)
was 24.9 per cent. It is thus seen that very little difference exists
in the durability of the sapwood of the species tested. An average
for the corresponding heartwoods is of no value, on account of the
wide differences shown, except for hemlocks, spruces and firs,
which average 34.8 per cent. loss. The apparent difference in
resistance of heartwood and sapwood in these latter genera, is

Humphrey: Durability of American Woods

89

TABLE VI

Durability of Heartwood after 12 Months’ Test

[An asterisk (*) denotes that the blocks became too wet for a fair test.]

Kind of Wood

Flask

Oven- Dry
Weight (Grams)

Loss

Remarks

No.

Before

Test

After

Test

Grams

Per

Cent.

Eastern hemlock

18

7-8S

3-17

4.68

S9-6

Friable when dry.

Mountain hemlock ....

18

8.61

308

SS3

64.2

Friable when dry.

Western hemlock

IS

7-94

3-o8

4.86

61.2

Friable when dry.

Engelmann spruce

IS

7-23

2.27

4.96

68.6

Friable when dry.

Sitka spruce

IS

4-33

1.63

2.70

62.4

Friable when dry.

Red spruce

IS

7.07

2.30

4-77

67-S

Friable when dry.

White spruce

IS

S.62

1.70

392

69.8

Friable when dry.

Grand fir

IS

7. TO

2.12

4.98

70.1

Friable when dry.

Noble fir

IS

7S3

2.25

S.28

70.1

Friable when dry.

Douglas fir

II

7.43

S-34

2.09

28.1*

Seriously rotted at
ends.

European larch

IS

7.88

4-SO

338

42.9

Well rotted.

Western yellow pine . . .

18

7.60

3-3S

4-2S

SS-9

Friable when dry.

Lodgepole pine

18

6.93

2.47

4.46

64.4

Friable when dry.

Longleaf pine

12

11,42

S-S9

S-83

Si-i

Friable when dry.

Shortleaf pine

II

12.25

9.72

2.S3

20.7

Seriously rotted in
summer wood.

Table mountain pine. . .

18

10.22

6.17

4-OS

39-6

Friable when dry.

Pitch pine

18

10.02

8.93

1.09

10.9*

Considerably rotted.

Norway pine

18

8.00

2.4s

s-ss

69.4

Friable when dry.

White pine

18

6.71

6.12

0.S9

8.8

Slightly rotted.

Sugar pine

18

6.06

2.SS

3-Si

S7-9

Friable when dry.

Western white pine. . . .

18

7.14

4-8S

2.29

32.1*

Well rotted at ends.

White cedar

12

S-40

S-ii

0.29

S-4*

Slightly rotted at
ends.

Western red cedar

II

S-i6

4.06

1. 10

21.3*

Seriously rotted at
ends.

Port Orford cedar

II

7.81

6.05

1.76

22.6*

Seriously rotted at
ends.

California juniper

12

10.66

10.31

0.3s

3-3

Slightly affected.

Western juniper

II

S-S8

4-73

0.8s

IS-2*

Seriously rotted ta
one end.

Bigtree

II

7.07

4-S9

2.48

3S-I

Seriously rotted.

considered as having no special significance beyond the fact that
little discrimination can be made between them or between the
different species represented.

For the six months’ period the average loss in the sapwood of
21 species (exclusive of white cedar) was 48 per cent., while the
average loss in the heartwood of hemlocks, spruces and firs was
49.6 per cent. These figures show that decay progressed at the
same rate during the second three months as during the first three
(allowing one month after inoculation for the fungus to become
uniformly distributed throughout the flasks).

90

Mycologia

Sapwood tests over a 12 months’ interval resulted in complete
decay for all species (23) which were not too wet. The average
loss for all was 68.2 per cent, and for hemlocks, spruces and firs

TABLE VII

Per cent. Loss in Dry Weight for the Different Test Periods
[An asterisk (*) denotes that the blocks became too wet for a fair test.]

Kind of Wood

Sapwood

Heartwood

4 Months

6 Months

12 Months

4 Months

6

Months

12

Months

Hemlocks

233

—

68.9

29.2

53.8

61.7

Spruces

27-S

48.7

69.7

36.2

49.8

67.1

Firs

23.8

4I-S

66.4

38.9

4S-I

70.1

White pines

21.9

S0.8

66.1

—

—

—

Hard pines

25.I

52.4

69.7

—

—

—

Western yellow pine. . .

24.4

52.5

70.9

17.9

—

55-9

Lodgepole pine

21.0

46.6

67.7

14.7*

—

64.4

Longleaf pine

30.5

56.1

69.4

0.4

—

5I.I

Pitch pine

24-3

14.8*

71.4

2.3*

—

10.9*

Norway pine

—

—

—

0 *

—

69.4

Shortleaf pine

25-1

64.7

68.7

7.0

—

20.7

Western white pine. . . .

17.2

4S-I

61. 5

9.7*

—

32.1*

Sugar pine

22.9

54-8

67.8

14-3*

—

57-9

Table mountain pine . . .

8.7*

41.9

70.0

3-6

—

39-6

White pine

25-7

52.4

69.1

1. 1*

—

8.8

European larch

10. 0*

49.6

70-5

42.2

25-5

42.9

Douglas fir

26.4

48.4

68.5

33-6

—

28.1*

Bigtree

2.8*

37-5

63.0

0.7

—

3S-r

Port Orford cedar

19.8

37-9

66.8

1.3*

—

22.6*

White cedar

0 *

10.7

7.7*

0

—

5-4*

Western red cedar

2.3*

S9-7

3S-9*

0.4*

21.3*

California jun per

28.3

12.0*

37-9*

0

—

3-3

Western juniper

21.7

48.9

16.8*

0.7*

—

15.2*

68.4 per cent. The corresponding loss in the heartwood of the
latter genera (exclusive of Douglas fir) was 65.9 per cent. In all
of these specimens the wood was so thoroughly rotted that it
could be pulverized between the fingers.

The 12 months’ test on heartwood of the remaining species
brings out considerable differences in durability, ranging from
3.3 per cent, loss in California juniper to 69.4 per cent, in Norway
pine. White pine was affected but little (8.8 per cent.), while
sugar pine was seriously rotted (57.9 per cent.). Lodgepole pine
(64.4 per cent.) fell in the class with hemlocks, spruces and firs.
The specimen of longleaf pine, which did not appear very highly
resinous, did not prove as resistant (51.1 per cent.) as shortleaf
pine (20.7 per cent.), which was of a good grade. Table mountain

Humphrey : Durability of American Woods

91

pine, a close relative of the shortleaf, and apparently quite resin-
ous, lost 39.6 per cent. The durability of bigtree wood (35.1 per
cent.) did not fully meet expectations. Other interesting fea-
tures of the tests were as follows :

The sapwood of white cedar proved highly durable, standing
out in marked contrast to that of any other species tested.

The sapwood of Port Orford cedar, bigtree, western red cedar,
junipers, and hard pines was very susceptible to decay.

The sapwood of Douglas fir fell in the same class as the true
spruces, firs, and hemlocks.

The heavy, hard, yellowish heartwood of California juniper was
considerably more durable than the softer, reddish heartwood of
western juniper.

Further tests on the heartwood of such species as Port Orford
cedar, white cedar, western red cedar, western juniper, Douglas
fir, pitch pine, and western white pine are necessary before safe
comparisons can be made.

The common names for woods listed above are, for the most
part, those recommended by G. B. Sudworth of the United States
Forest Service. The corresponding botanical names, source and
laboratory number are as follows :

White cedar, Thuja occidentalis L Wis. 124

Western red cedar, Thuja plicata Don Mont. 224—8

Bigtree, Sequoia washingtoniana (Winsl.) Sudw Cal. 40

Alpine fir, Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Niitt Colo. 15-1

Grand “ Abies grandis Lindl Mont. /

L 10-9-30

Noble “ Abies nobitis Lindl Wash. 77

Eastern hemlock, Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr Tenn. 226-9

Western " Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg Mont. 136

Mountain “ Tsuga mertensiana (Bong.) Carr Wash. 13-4

California juniper, Juniperus calif arnica Carr Cal. 142

Western “ Juniperus occidentalis Hook Cal. 121

European larch, Larix europaea D. C Wis. 126

Western yellow pine, Pinus ponderosa Laws Mont. 224-21

Lodgepole “ Pinus contorta Loud Mont. 10-2

Longleaf “ Pinus palustris Mill La. 176—38

Pitch “ Pinus rigida Mill Tenn. 136

Norway " Pinus resinosa Ait Wis. 127

Shortleaf “ Pinus echinata Mill Ark. 203-1

Western white " Pinus inonticola Dougl Mont. 224—2

Sugar “ Pinus lambertiana Dougl Cal. 122

92

Mycologia

Table mountain pine, Pinus pungens Michx. f Tenn. 226-80

White “ Finns strobus L Wis. 120

Port Orford cedar, Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (Murr.) Pari, Oreg. 98

Douglas fir, Pseudotsuga taxifolia (Lam.) Britt Cal. 38-6-2

Engelmann spruce, Picea engelmanni Engelm Colo. 15-25

Red " Picea rubens Sarg Tenn. 226-84

Sitka “ Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Trautv. &

Mayer Wash. 13-7

White “ Picea canadensis (Mill.) B. S. P N. H. 60

Investigations in Forest Pathology, Bureau of Plant Industry, in
Cooperation with the Forest Products Laboratory,

Madison, Wisconsin.

Mycolo(;ia

Plate CLXXXIII

TEST FLASK WITH SPORULATING FRUIT-BODY OP' LENTWUS
LEPWEUS GROWING UP THROUGH COTTON PLUG AND PUSHING
OFF THE MUSLIN CAP. CULTURE ABOUT 9 MONTHS OLD

THE EARTH-INHABITING SPECIES OF
ASCOBOLUS

Fred J. Seaver

(With Plate 184, Containing 8 Figures)

Most of the species of the genus Ascobolus, which genus is
characterized by the beautiful violet color of the spores, occur on
the dung of animals of various kinds. Those forms which occur
on other substrata are the exception rather than the rule. A few
species occur on damp soil and these are the species which are
treated in the present paper.

Of the earth-inhibiting species of Ascobolus, one species, Asco-
bolus carbonarius P. Karst, has been frequently collected in North
America. In 1905 a second species was collected by the writer on
damp soil along the banks of the Iowa River. This species was
referred to Ascobolus viridis Curr. Since that time, the same
species has been frequently collected on soil in New York State.
Dodge in his morphological studies of the Ascobolaceae has noted
the difference in the spores of the American and European speci-
mens and has considered the American plants a possible variety of
the European species. Comparative study of the two forms has
convinced the writer that they represent two distinct species. The
spores of the European plants are a third larger than those of the
American and have an entirely different form as shown in the
accompanying illustrations. The American plants are therefore
redescribed below as Ascobolus geophilus.

In August, 1914, a species of Ascobolus was collected on damp
soil in woods near Yonkers, New York, which was taken to be
Ascobolus viridis of American authors. The spores however
were almost globose. At first, this was thought to be only an
extreme variation of the common species. During September of
the same year, similar plants were collected in considerable quan-
tity on Staten Island where they grew on damp soil on the bank
of a little pond. In all of these plants the mature spores would
pass as globose. The young spores, however, are found to be

93

94

Mycologia

slightly ellipsoid. In addition to their form the spores when
mature are covered with crevices which are so deep as to give to
the outside of the spore a peculiar ragged appearance. As they
mature, the spores become so dark that they are almost opaque.
This species is also regarded as distinct and described below as
Ascobolus subglobosus.

In June, 1914, still another earth form had been collected which
differed from any listed above in the fact that the apothecia were
entirely white except the hymenium, which became darkened by
the maturing spores. The spores and asci of this species were
identical, so far as the writer could determine, with those of Asco-
bolus carbonariiis but both color and habitat seemed to distinguish
it from that species. Ascobolus carbonarius is restricted to burned
places while this species grew on soil where there was no trace of
fire. It may be that these plants represent only an albino form of
Ascobolus carbonarius and that the white color is due to the fact
that the plants have grown on an unfavorable substratum. The
form is here listed as Ascobolus albinus. The following is a syn-
opsis of the earth-growing species of Ascobolus as at present
known for North America.

Ascobolus Pers. in L. Syst. Nat. 1461. 1791.

Apothecia sessile, or stipitate, superficial or partially immersed
in the substratum, externally smooth or pilose ; hymenium con-
cave, plane or convex; substance soft, fleshy or waxy, usually
greenish ; asci cylindric to clavate or subovoid, 4-8-spored ; spores
becoming blue or purple, fading to brown or blackish, ellipsoid to
subglobose; smooth or rough; spore-roughenings very variable
often consisting of crevices or cracks which give to the surface
of the spore a reticulate appearance ; paraphyses slender and usu-
ally adhering together in fascicles or clumps.

Type species, Peziza stercoraria Bull.

Plants restricted to burned areas. 1. A. carbonarius.

Plants not restricted to burned areas.

Apothecia white, spores verrucose. 2. A. albinus.

Apothecia greenish to blackish, spores reticulate.

Spores ellipsoid. 3- geophilus.

Spores subglobose. 4- subglobosus.

Seaver: Earth-Inhabiting Species of Ascobolus 95

I. Ascobolus carbonarius P. Karst, Fungi Fennici
463. 1866

atro/MJCMj Phill. & Plow. Grevillea 2 : 186. 1873.

Ascobolus carbonicola Bond. Bull. Bot. Soc. Fr. 24: 310. 1877.

Phaeopezia NuttalHi Ellis & Ev. N. Am. Fungi 2908. 1893.

Apothecia scattered or more often crowded into congested
masses several cm. in diameter, at first globose or subglobose,
expanding and becoming scutellate, reaching a diameter of 4-5
mm., externally yellowish-green, becoming dark-brown, coarsely
granular ; hymenium plane or nearly plane with the margin slightly
elevated, at first greenish, becoming dotted over with the ends
of the protruding asci, gradually becoming darker, finally almost
black; asci clavate, gradually tapering below into a long slender
stem-like base, reaching a length of 200-225 a diameter of

23-27 /i, 8-spored; spores i-seriate or crowded together so as
to become partially 2-seriate, ellipsoid with the ends rather
strongly narrowed, thick-walled, the ends often capped with a
thickening of the epispore, giving the spore a truncate appear-
ance, hyaline, becoming violet, finally brown or brownish-black,
20-24 X 12-14 /i including roughenings; spore-roughenings taking
the form of wart-like projections, the spaces between appearing
lighter, giving rise to reticulate markings ; paraphyses about 3 ju. in
diameter and scarcely thickened above, embedded in greenish-
yellow mucilaginous substance.

On burnt places and on charcoal beds.

Type locality : Finland.

Distribution: New York to Iowa and West Virginia.

Illustration: Ann. Sci. Nat. V. 10: pi 5, /. 4 (as Ascobolus
viridis Curr.) ; Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa 6: pi. 2p,
f. i; Bull. Torrey Club 39 : pi. 10, f. p, JO, ii.

Exsicatti: Ellis & Ev. N. Am. Fungi 2po8 (as Phaeopesia
NuttalHi Ellis & Ev.).

2. Ascobolus albinus sp. nov.

Apothecia gregarious, at first subglobose, expanding and be-
coming scutellate, reaching a diameter of 4-5 mm., externally
pure white, minutely rough ; hymenium plane or nearly plane, at
first whitish, becoming darkened by the maturing spores ; asci
cylindric or subcylindric, 8-spored, reaching a length of about
200 /A and a diameter of about 25 /a; spores at first obliquely i-
seriate, becoming 2-seriate or irregularly crowded, ellipsoid, be-

96

Mycologia

coming purple then brown, 20-26 X 12 /x, rough; spore roughen-
ings consisting of minute warts ; paraphyses very slender, hyaline.

On damp soil in woods.

Type locality : Woods, near Yonkers, New York.

Distribution : Known only from the type locality.

3. Ascobolus geophilus sp. nov.

Apothecia scattered, gregarious, or more rarely crowded, at first
subglobose, expanding, becoming scutellate to discoid, reaching a
diameter of 5 mm., externally greenish-yellow, furfuraceous to
nearly smooth ; hymenium plane or slightly concave, similar in
color to the outside of the apothecium, roughened by the protrud-
ing asci and becoming darker as the spores mature, finally almost
black ; asci clavate, gradually tapering below into a stem-like base,
reaching a length 200-250/4 and a diameter of 15-18/4, 8-spored
but often with only 4 spores developed; spores i-seriate, becom-
ing 2-seriate or irregularly crowded, ellipsoid, at first hyaline,
becoming violet, then brown, 22-25 X 12-13/4, becoming rough;
spore-roughenings consisting of verrucose markings and reticula-
tions, the reticulations consisting of light lines which give rise to
an irregular net-work ; paraphyses very slender, sparingly
branched, reaching a diameter of 2 /x, scarcely enlarged above,
embedded in golden-yellow mucilaginous substance.

On damp soil.

Type locality : Europe.

Distribution: New York to Iowa.

Illustrations: Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa 6: pi.
30, f. I.

4. Ascobolus subglobosus sp. nov.

Apothecia gregarious or thickly crowded, at first nearly globose,
expanding and becoming almost discoid, reaching a diameter of
3-5 mm., externally smooth, greenish-yellow ; hymenium plane,
convex or irregularly convolute, at first similar in color to the
outside of the apothecium, becoming dotted over with the ends of
the protruding asci, finally entirely black; asci subcylindric to
clavate, gradually tapering below into a stem-like base, 8-spored ;
spores at first i-seriate, becoming crowded and partially 2-seriate
as they mature, at first hyaline and containing one oil-drop which
is often surrounded by numerous smaller ones, becoming violet,
finally almost black, and opaque becoming rough, reaching a di-
ameter of 18-20 /X or 18 X 20/4 ; spore-roughenings taking the form

Mycologia

Plate CLXXXIV

SPECIES OF ASCOBOLUS

Seaver: Earth-Inhabiting Species of Ascobolus 97

of numerous vein-like reticulations, which consist apparently of
crevices, the spaces between the crevcies giving rise to prominent
projections visible about the periphery of the spore, the spaces
between appearing as notches, giving the spore a very ragged
appearance; paraphyses scarcely enlarged above, embedded in
golden-yellow, mucilaginous substance.

On damp soil in woods and on the margin of a small pond.

Type locality: Woods near Yonkers, New York.

Distribution: Woods near Yonkers and Staten Island, New
York.

New York Botanical Garden.

Explanation of Plate CLXXXIV

All drawings are made with the aid of the camera lucida to a common scale.
1-2, Ascobolus geophUus Seaver; 3-4, Ascobolus viridis Curr. ; 5-6, Ascobolus
subglobosus Seaver ; 7-8, Ascobolus carbonarius P. Karst.

NEW OR NOTEWORTHY SPECIES OF
FUNGI^

John Dearness

DISCOMYCETES

I. Mollisia apiophila sp. nov.

Apothecia 0.3-1 mm. when fresh, hardly visible to the naked
eye when dry, flesh-color, subsessile, turbinate, height nearly
equaling width ; cells of hypothetical layer elongate, septate, 3-4 yu,
across, of ectal layer round to angular, thin-walled, 10-12 /*. Asci
with paraphyses making a yellowish-hyaline stratum 75-80 fi, p. sp.
45~52 X 10-12 yu,. Sporidia biseriate, 2-4 guttulate, hyaline, na-
viculate, 16-18 X 4-6 fi.

On preceding season’s stems of Apios tuherosa Moench. Lim-
ited to these stems and often associated with another thin sessile
Mollisia having much smaller sporidia and not limited to Apios.
London, Ont., /. Dearness 3943; observed annually, August and
September.

2. Belonidium Macounii sp. nov.

Apothecia cyathiform to ureceolate, sessile, dark-brown, i mm.
in diameter, gregarious, sometimes cespitose. Asci hyaline, cylin-
drical, 90-96 X 7 At, overtopped by the hyaline paraphyses, which
are enlarged at the tips. Sporidia elongate, hyaline, 3-septate,
20-30 X 3 /t, iu more than a single series.

On dead stems of Spiraea Mensiesii Hook'., Vancouver Island,
May-June, 1915, John Macoiin.

PYRENOMYCETES

3. Laestadia biennis sp. nov.

Perithecia epiphyllous, black, subglobose, perforate at or near
the summit, 1 80-360 yu,. Asci fusoid, sessile, aparaphysate, 40-50
X 7-9 yu.. Sporidia sub-biseriate, nucleate near each end or guttu-
late, continuous, oblong-elliptic, 8-1 1 X 3-4 M-

1 Examined cotypic material or microscopic mounts of the following
species will be sent to the Victoria Memorial Museum, Ottawa, Canada, the
National Herbarium, Washington, D. C., and the New York Botanical Garden.

98

Dearness: New Species of Fungi

99

On the preceding season’s basal leaves of Solidago juncea Ait.,
near Byron, Ontario, /. Dearness 3088, collected in 1904 and ob-
served annually since until date.

In autumn the infected leaves are extensively discolored, red-
brown to blackish-brown, usually the entire right or left half,
seldom both sides of the midrib. Black, subglobose “ sclerotia,”
mostly about 140 in depth and 240 /t in breadth, are thickly scat-
tered, 3 or 4 to the sq. mm., over most of the darkly discolored
area, prominent on the upper side but visible beneath, containing
a white mass of coarse parenchymatic cells about 7/4.

Specimens wintered out of doors began to show asci by the
middle of April. Sporidia issued freely in sections in water in
the latter half of May. This will be distributed in Fungi
Columbiani.

4. Trichosphaeria breviseta sp. nov.

Perithecia black, crowded, appearing to the naked eye as a con-
tinuous stratum, 3 but not quite 4 to the lineal mm., globose-
conic; bristles 15 to 20 ju, usually limited to the basal half of the
perithecia. Asci linear, 50-75 n, shorter than the abundant para-
physes. Sporidia uniseriate, nucleate at each end, hyaline, 6-7 X
3-3-5

On rotten coniferous wood, Victoria, B. C., April, 1915, John
Macoun.

5. Diaporthe Euonymi sp. nov.

(In Euporthe). Stroma widely effused, sometimes surround-
ing the stem or in small patches containing one or a few contig-
uous perithecia, whitening the substance of the bark and causing
it to adhere firmly to the wood which is marked by a black circum-
scribing line. Perithecia single or in small groups, 2 to 4, not
circinating, partly sunk in the wood, globose, 270-500/* in di-
ameter; the cylindric to conic ostiola 100 /* thick, erumpent
through the epidermis, 100-130/*, in richly fertile parts closely
ranked and appearing to the naked eye as black parallel lines.
Asci cylindrical to fusoid, sessile, 8-spored, paraphysate, 60-75 X
11-15/*. Sporidia obliquely uniseriate or sub-biseriate, oblong-
elliptic, not constricted, septum distinct, 12-15 X 6-7/*.

On dead stems of Euonymus atropurpureus Jacq., Delaware,
Ontario, June, 1913, /. H. Bowman.

100

Mycologia

6. Diaporthe Macounii sp. nov.

Stromata numerous, minute’, 0.5-0.8 mm., raising the substel-
lately ruptured epidermis into flattish pustules, sometimes decid-
uous, exposing the yellowish cortex and thus mottling the affected
twigs, not visible on the interior side of the bark although the
subjacent wood is perceptibly darkened to the pith; no black cir-
cumscribing line in either cortex or wood. Perithecia single or
2-6 in a stroma, 90-275 /a; ostiola very short, not visible under
lens. Asci fusoid, 30-35 X6-7/t. Sporidia irregularly biseriate,
hyaline, 8-9 X 2.5 fi, nucleate, very obscurely uniseptate, the cells
sometimes separating at the septum, the lower one smaller.

On dead stems of Spiraea Mensiesii Hook., Vancouver Island,
May, 1915, John Macoun.

7. Diaporthe columbiensis Ellis & Ev. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.

Phil. 1890: 233. 1890.

In the original description the host was said to be undetermined.
Dr. Macoun sends a Diaporthe on Nuttallia cerasif omits T. & G.,
collected near Victoria, B. C., April, 1915, which agrees with the
description of D. columbiensis E. & E.

8. Didymosphaeria Housei sp. nov.

Perithecia scattered, blackish-brown, raising the epidermis into
small subglobose pustules 0.3 mm. ; ostiola very short, almost
obsolete. Asci cylindrical, short-stipitate, 65-72 X 5-6 /x, para-
physate. Sporidia smoky-brown, i -septate, slightly constricted,
compactly uniseriate, 8-9 X 4-4-5 u, much smaller than in Didy-
mosphaeria Ceanothi Cooke & Hark.

On dead stems of Ceanothus americanus L., Albany, New
York, January, 1915, H. D. House.

9. Metasphaeria Macounii sp. nov.

Perithecia nearly black, thinly scattered, flattened at the base,
globose-conic, semi-immersed in the wood, oftener only the stout
conic ostiola visible, conspicuously punctating the whitened areas
of the decorticated stems, large, 0.5-.75 mm. in diameter. Asci
linear-cylindric, 135-170 X 7 u, abundantly paraphysate. Sporidia
hyaline, strictly uniseriate, rounded at the ends, endochrome 3-
divided, 16-22 X 6-7 /x.

On dead, decorticated stems of a species of wild rose (Rosa
sp.), Vancouver Island, B. C., June, 1915, John Macoun.

Dearness: New Species of Fungi

101

FUNGI IMPERFECTI
lo. Placosphaeria cornicola sp. nov.

The afifected leaves, or the affected areas thereof, turn bright
red, then gradually become cinnamon color, mottled on both sides
with the numerous black stromata. Stromata effused, less than i
sq. mm., tending to become confluent. Pycnidia epiphyllous, 1-9
or more in a stroma, 40-60 /a in diameter, their positions marked
by a pale-bordered perforation or stoma. Spores hyaline, oblong,
2-5-5 X 0.5-0.75 fi.

Attacking living leaves of Cornus Niittallii Aud., Vancouver
Isla’nd, B. C., September, 1914, John Macoun.

II. Sphaeropsis lineata Ellis and Dearness, sp. nov.

Pycnidia separate but so close together as to seem to the naked
eye to be in continuous parallel lines, hemispheric, closely invested
by the ruptured epidermis, 160-360 ju,; ostiola short, black with a
white center visible under the lens. Conidia brown, oblong-ellip-
tic, rounded at the ends, a median nucleus often giving under low
magnification the appearance of a septum, 19-24 X 9-12 ;u, on
basidia of about half their length.

On dead branchlets of Acer nigrum Michx. f., near London,
Ontario, November, 1903, I. Dearness 3046. The late Mr. J. B.
Ellis examined this species and pronounced it a new one, but he is
not responsible for any errors there may be in the above de-
scription.

12. Cytodiplospora parallela sp. nov.

Stromata erumpent, verruciform to elongate, 0.5-2 mm., some-
times scattered, but mostly in somewhat broken parallel lines,
when well developed containing 5 to 15 pycnidia or locules which
in tangential section are distinctly visible by their whiteness against
the black stromatic substance. Pycnidia wholly or partially im-
mersed,— in the latter case seeming cespitose, — papillate, 90-150 /u..
Conidia hyaline, pyriform, uniseptate, subsessile, 12 X 6/x.

On Acernigrum Michx. f., Byron, Ontario, October-November,
1903, /. Dearness 3206.

13. Ascochyta Achlydis sp. nov.

Spots scattered, numerous small ones 2 mm., mostly sterile and
a few large ones i cm. or more in diameter, all with a central,
sharply deliminated, thin, arid, deciduous area surrounded by a

102

Mycologia

dififiise, dark-red or purple-brown border 1-5 mm. in width. Pyc-
nidia nearly concolorous with the arid area, epiphyllous, although
visible from the under side, 1 50-200 Conidia hyaline, obscurely
i-septate, 2-3-nucleate, rounded at the ends, 14-20X5-6.5/4,.

On living leaves of Achlys triphylla DC., Vancouver Island,
June, 1915, John Macoun.

14. Diplodia constricta sp. nov.

Pycnidia thickly scattered mostly along one side of the stems,
small, 0.2-0.4 mm., showing the very short ostiola through a stel-
late or simply cleft rupture of the epidermis. Conidia dark-
brown, strongly constricted, 18-22 X 9-10 /i.

On dead stems of Spiraea Menziesii Hook., British Columbia,
June, 1915, John Macoun. Of the several Diplodias on species of
Spiraea this comes nearest D. Spiraeae Thiim. Sacc. Syll. III.
P- 342.

15. Diplodia Ulmi sp. nov.

Pycnidia thickly scattered, 250-400 /i, single or in small groups,
subglobose, immersed in the unaltered cortex, raising the epi-
dermis into small pustules which are scarcely visibly ruptured by
the minute ostiola. Conidia brown, elliptic, constricted, 15-17 X
9-10 /t.

On dead branchlets of Ulmus americana L., London, Ontario,
October, 1903,/. Dearness 3052. The bark externally is so slightly
altered in appearance that the presence of the fungus is apt to
escape notice, but in a tangential shaving the black shining pyc-
nidia strongly contrast with the pale cortex.

16. Diplodia Nuttalliae sp. nov.

Pycnidia seated around the lenticels through which the fungus
seems to have invaded the host, slaty-brown in section but the
basidial portion white, 0.5-1 mm. Conidia dark-brown when
fully mature, oblong-elliptic, even or but slightly constricted at
the septum, 18-24 X 7-9/^, on basidia 4/4. thick, sometimes longer
than the spore.

On Nuttallia cerasiformis Torr. & Gr. Victoria, B. C., April,
1915, John Macoun.

Dearness: New Species of Fungi

103

17- Stagonospora Spiraeae sp. nov.

Pycnidia scattered, nearly superficial, globose or elliptic, brown,
smooth, 0.3-0.6 mm. Conidia hyaline, 3-septate, 14-20, mostly

15X3/*-

On dead stems of Spiraea Mensiesii Hook., British Columbia,
May, 1915, John Macoun. On pale areas of the stems similar to
those bearing Belonidium Macounii Dearness described on a pre-
ceding page, and to which it may be related. Stagonospora
Physocarpi Ellis & Ev. has spores 25-35 X 3~4

18. Septoria adenocaulonis sp. nov.

Spots amphigenous, thickly scattered, on the upper side gray-
ish-brown, nearly concealed below by the pubescence of the leaf,
small, 2 to 3 mm., bounded by a sharply raised thin border. Pyc-
nidia epiphyllous, single or a small cluster near the center of the
spot, yellowish-brown, 60-75 wall very thin. Sporules straight,
continuous, 15-30 X i )»•, issuing as whitish cirrhi from many of
the pycnidia.

On living leaves of Adenocaulon bicolor Hook., British Colum-
bia, May, 1915, John Macoun. This is near Septoria Lapparurn
Sacc. whose spores are subfusoid.

19. Septoria angularis Dearness & Bartholomew, sp. nov.

Spots scattered over the leaf, numerous, brown, becoming arid,
limited when the pycnidia are well developed by a narrow, raised,
sharply defined, black border, angular, 2 to 5 mm. and becoming
confluent. Pycnidia black, epiphyllous, rather numerous, often
marked by a whitish cirrhi, 40-90 /x. Sporules straight to strongly
curved, continuous, 30-45 X 2 /x, mostly 35 /x.

On living leaves of Solidago latifolia L., Komoka, Ontario,
June, 1913,./. Dearness 3612.

This comes near S. fumosa Pk. on Solidago Canadensis L.
Affected leaves seem easily distinguishable and yet it might have
been better to consider this a species variety of S. fumosa.

20. Septoria lupincola sp. nov.

Spots grayish-brown, determinate above, paler and less definite
below, seldom crossing the midrib, 3 to 7 mm. Pycnidia dark-
amber color, epiphyllous, 75-180 /x. Sporules linear, continuous,
28-70 /X, mostly about 35 X 1-1-25 /x.

104

Mycologia

On living leaves of Lupinus percnnis L., Oakland, near London,
Ontario, July, 1911, J. Dearness 36^^. Associated with Asco-
cJiyta Pisi Lib. f . Lupini, fide Saccardo.

Septoria Lupini Hark, has sporules 4-5 /x thick. This is nearer
5'. Pisi West., but it differs in its pycnidial wall and shape and
length of sporules.

21. Septoria sanguinea sp. nov.

Spots rusty-brown, scattered, similar on both sides, circular,
about 3 mm. in diameter but extensively confluent on tips and
margins. Pycnidia hypophyllous, nearly concolorous with the
spot, hardly visible with the lens, wall thin, mostly about So /i.
Sporules continuous or 1-2-septate, 28-33 X 2 /x.

On living leaves of Ribes sanguineum Pursh, British Columbia,
September, 1914, John Macoun. Also at Manette, Wash.,
August, 1912, E. Bartholomezv.

2 1 a. Septoria Macrosporia sp. nov.

The pycnidia develop in indefinite areas of leaden color, opaque
when held to the light, amphigenous, innate, thin-walled, perforate,
darker than the surrounding surface, 90-180 jx. Sporules linear
to linear-clavulate, mostly straight, 0-8 septate, beaded or gut-
tulate, 60 X 3-4 extreme size 120 X 4-5

On living leaves of Chrysanthemum leucanthemnm L., London,
Ont., October, 1915, J . Dearness 3833. Cotypic material. Fungi
Columbiani 4774. The spores are much larger than those of 6'.
Chrysanthemi Halsted or of S. Chrysanthemi Cavarra. The
presence of a thin pycnidial wall separates this from Cylindro-
sporium Chrysanthemi Ellis & Dearness on Chinese chrys-
anthemum in the greenhouse.

22. Camarosporium coronillae Sacc. et Speg. var. Spirae.ve
Bauml. Sacc. Syll. Fung. 10 : 340. 1902.

Dr. Macoun sends a Camarosporium on Spiraea Menziesii
Hook, from Vancouver Island, British Columbia, with black, gre-
garious, semi-immersed pycnidia o. 5-0.7 mm., containing dark-
brown, muriform, oblong-elliptic conidia 14-17 X8-9)x, which
may be the above named variety. It does not agree with C.
Spiraeae Cooke.

Dearness: New Species of Fungi

105

23. Leptostromella conigena sp. nov.

Pycnidia elongate, 0.5-1. 5 mm., parallel to the fiber of the bract,
erumpent, carbonous, rather widely cleft. Conidia hyaline, ii-
45 X 2-2.5 mostly about 12 X 2.25 ^ on basidia of nearly equal
length.

On the outer side of bracts of cones of Picea abies (L.) Karst;
of the preceding season’s growth, London, Ontario, April, 1915,
/. Dearness, 3944.

24. Melanconium parvulum Dearness & Bartholomew, sp. nov:
Acervuli 1-2 mm. across, lodged on the cortex and closely

covered by the raised epidermis which opens by a circular perfora^
tion .3 mm. in diameter, through which usually the whitish core
of altered cortical tissue is apparent. Conidia pyriform, brown,
with a nucleus or pale center, 9-13 X 8-9 /x. on basidia 10-30 X 3

On dead banchlets of Betula populifolia INIarsh, southeast shore
of Lake Huron, Ontario, Canada, May 25, 1912, /. Dearness.
Barth. Fungi Col. 3823 is cotypic material.

25. Cylindrosporium Crataegi Ellis & Ev. Proc. Phil. Acad.

Nat. Sci. 1894: 372. 1894. brevispina var. nov.

Acervuli strictly hypophyllous, affected leaves red — pomegranate
purple (Ridg.) — at first then turning brown. Sporules thicker in
the proximal half, mostly straight, grumous-guttulate, obscurely
2-3-septate, 50-90 X 3-3 5 leaving when completely discharged
a distinct cavity in the mesophyll. As in the type the exuded
conidia make a white flocculent layer over and around the acervuli.

On Crataegus breznspina, British Columbia, September, 1914,
John Macoun.

26. Cylindrosporium Toxicodendri (Curtis in Herb.) Ellis &

Ev. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. 1893 : 460. 1893.

Septoria Toxicodendri Curtis; Peck, Ann. Rep. N. Y. State Mus.

29: 78. 1878. (No description.)

Gloeosporinm Toxicodendri Ellis & Martin; Ellis & Ev. Jour.
Myc. i: 1 16. 1885.

Septoria Toxicodendri (Curtis) Ellis & Martin, Jour. Myc. 3:
77. 1887. (Doubtless described from herbarium material.)

3/a wonmo ro.aVodmdn Magn. Hedwigia 45 : 90. 1906.

106

Mycologia

On living leaves of Rhus Toxicodendron and other species.

Exsicc. N. Am. Fungi 1898, 244'/ a & b; Fungi Col. 44^, 1350,
2635, 4429, 4430, 4734.

I have had the opportunity of studying what might be regarded
as two of the cotypes as well as specimens from several herbaria
and several collections of my own made in widely separated
localities, and find them all remarkably uniform in maculae and
acervuli and varying in conidia. The synonymy is quoted to il-
lustrate the difficulty of determining in some cases whether there
is a proper pycnidium. Curtis, Peck, Ellis, and Martin took this
plant to be a Septoria and the dark cells overlying the acervuli
might be supposed to be part of a pycnidial wall. It is to be
noticed that it was described both as a Septoria and a Gloeo-
sporium by the same authors. It also illustrates another diffi-
culty— that of determining the genus by the spore-form. In a
section through a single spot cutting three acervuli there were
conidia exhibiting the following variations ;

21 X 4 i-septate

18 X 5 • ■ • • o-septate

Conidia from extreme, isolated, examples might very well place
this species in Marsonia, or Septogloeum, or Cylindrosporium.
Four of the Fungi Col. numbers are labeled Marsonia as in the
above synonymy, but in one of them, on Rhus diversiloba, the
spores in my specimen are mostly nearly 50 ju., obscurely septate,
and one — the longest measured — was 78 X 3/^ in which, if there
were any septa, they were quite obscured by the nucleation. In
1893, Ellis stated that he had reexamined Gloeosporium Toxi-
codendri Ellis & Martin and found that the spores (“ 12-15 X
5-6 /x”) had been erroneously described in Jour. Myc. I: 115. I
have, however, seen short spores not far from these figures, but
the average spore of a large number of studies certainly places
this plant in Cylindrosporium.

51 X 3/^
60 X 3/^

3-septate

2-septate

Dearness: New Species of Fungi

107

27. Cryptosporium falcatum sp. nov.

Acervuli 40-260 ju,, gregarious in irregular patches, 2-6 cm.
across, erumpent in minute pustules, noticeable on account of the
white masses of ejected spores. Conidia hyaline, falcate, nucleate,
20-35 X 6-8 ft., mostly about 30 X 7

On bark of the trunks of unhealthy or dead Abies balsamea
(L.) Mill., near London, Ontario, April-May, 1915, /. Dearness
3797-

28. Ramularia Lapsanae (Desm.) Sacc.

Oidium fusisporioides f. Lapsanae Desm.

Collected on Lapsana communis L. at Flora, Ont., July, 1915,
J. Dearness 38^ The indefinite arescent areas caused by the
fungus are indistinguishable from the discolorations produced by
the red spider, Tetranychus telariiis. This may account for the
fact that this fungus has not hitherto been recorded here.

29. Stemphylium nemopanthes sp. nov.

Hyphae usually shorter than the conidia, hyaline, branched,
4.-3 ft thick, making with the conidia black, gregarious tufts, 100-
200/1. Conidia irregularly pyriform, acrogenous on the hyphae
and branches, 30-35 X 20-24 ft, made up of dark-brown shining
cells 3-4/1, not separating.

On outer bark of dead Nemopanthes mucronata (L.) Trek,
London, Ontario, June, 1915, /. Dearness 3823.

London, Ontario,

Canada.

NOTES AND BRIEF ARTICLES

Professor A. J. Pieters describes and illustrates Achlea Kleb-
siana sp. nov. and Saprolegnia Kauffmaniana sp. nov. in the De-
cember number of the Botanical Gazette.

Mr. R. C. Faulwetter, of Columbia University, has been ap-
pointed plant pathologist of the Agricultural Experiment Station
of South Carolina at Clemson College.

Professor Paul Sorauer, of the University of Berlin, widely
known for his work on plant pathology, recently died at the age
of seventy-seven years.

Professor H. H. Whetzel, of the department of plant pathol-
ogy, Cornell University, and Dr. E. W. Olive, of the Brooklyn
Botanic Garden, sailed for Porto Rico on February 19 to study
fungi and plant diseases.

Mr. Irving E. Melhus, formerly pathologist in the Bureau of
Plant Industry at Washington, is now associate professor of plant
pathology in the Iowa State College, at Ames, Iowa.

Dr. J. J. Taubenhaus, associate plant pathologist of the Dela-
ware Agricultral Experiment Station, has accepted the position
of head plant pathologist and physiologist at the Agricultural
Experiment Station, College Station, Texas.

At the meeting of the Society of American Bacteriologists held
at the University of Illinois at the end of December, Dr. Thomas
J. Burrill, formerly vice-president of the university, was elected
president of the society for the coming year.

Dr. W. J. Robbins, instructor in botany in the New York
State College of Agriculture, has been appointed botanist in the

108

Notes and Brief Articles

109

Alabama Polytechnic Institute to fill the vacancy made by the
resignation of Dr. J. S. Caldwell, who has been called to the
Washington Agricultural Experiment Station.

Miss Mary K. Bryan has found that the nasturtium is subject to
a bacterial wilt disease, which prevents blossoming, stunts the
plants, and finally kills them. The causal organism is Bacterium
solanacearum Erw. Sm. Miss Bryan’s results were published in
the Journal of Agricultural Research of August i6, 1915-

Associate Professor H. P. Barss has been promoted to be pro-
fessor of botany and plant pathology at the Oregon Agricultural
College in place of Professor H. S. Jackson, who recently re-
signed to accept the position of plant pathologist at Purdue Uni-
versity.

“A Honeycomb Heart-rot of Oaks Caused by Stereum sub-
pileatum,” by W. H. Long, appeared in the Journal of Agricul-
tural Research of December 6, 1915. The disease is rather widely
distributed in the southern United States and is one of the im-
portant heart-rots of our native oaks. The only known method
of control is the destructfon of all diseased timber containing the
rot.

A bulletin on the “ Phytophthora Disease of Ginseng,” by Joseph.
Rosenbaum, was published by the Department of Plant Pathology
of Cornell University in October, 1915. The fungus is said to
resemble most closely Phytophthora cactorum (Cohn & Leb.)
Schrot. The suggested methods of control include spraying, re-
moval of diseased plants, deep planting, crop rotation, sterilization
of the soil, and drainage.

The officers for the Botanical Society of America for the com-
ing year are: President, R. A. Harper; Vice-President, G. T.
Moore; Treasurer, Arthur Hollick ; Secretary, H. H. Bartlett.
The society voted to eliminate the class of membership heretofore
known as fellows, but failed to create a class of honorary member-
ship as outlined in a proposed amendment to the constitution.

no

Mycologia

In a recent circular on “ Wood Decay in Orchard Trees in Cali-
fornia,” by W. T. Horne, attention is called to the frequent occur-
rence of rots affecting orchard trees, in many cases apple and
stone-fruit trees being seriously attacked by wood-destroying
fungi. The author recommends cutting out, disinfecting, and
coating the wounds with asphaltum. The trees should be inspected
at the end of the summer and the disinfection renewed if necessary.

Dr. N. Patouillard has an article in the Philippine Journal of
Science for March, 1915, on fungi sent to him from the Philip-
pines by Professor C. F. Baker. The article contains a long list
of determinations and also the following new species : Septo-
basidium laxunt, Hymenochaete pavonia, Duportella velutina,
Duportella Raimundoi, Leucoporus ameides, Leptoporus Bakeri,
Leptoporus armatiis, Hexagona lachnochaeta, Elmerina foliacea,
Daedalea philippincnsis, Ganoderma Bakeri, Ganoderma plicatum,
and Crinipellis fragilis.

A bulletin on “ Insects as Carriers of the Chestnut Blight Fun-
gus,” by R. A. Studhalter and A. G. Ruggles, was recently published
by the Department of Forestry of Pennsylvania, in which experi-
ments with ants, spiders, beetles, flies,^ and other kinds of insects
are outlined, and it is shown conclusively that insects are largely
instrumental in the dissemination of the chestnut canker and many
other injurious fungi. The bulletin also contains an interesting
historical summary of the experiments thus far made with insects
as carriers of fungous spores.

Professor E. A. Burt, mycologist of the Missouri Botanical
Garden, visited the Garden February 12-17 to examine the col-
lection of Thelephoraceae in the mycological herbarium. He
has been publishing a series of papers on this important and
difficult family, which he hopes to complete within the next three
years. He will then prepare descriptions of the species for pub-
lication in North American Flora. Professor Burt’s visit was
made the occasion of a dinner to over twenty local mycologists
and other botanists, given by Professor Harp>er on the evening of
February 16 at the Columbia Faculty Club.

Notes and Brief Articles

111

At the seventh annual meeting of the American Phytopatho-
logical Society, held at Columbus, Ohio, from December 28 to 31,
the following officers were elected : President, Dr. Erwin F.
Smith, Bureau of Plant Industry, Washington, D. C. ; Vice-presi-
dent, Dr. Mel. T. Cook, New Jersey Agricultural Experiment
Station, New Brunswick, N. J. ; Secretary-Treasurer, Dr. C. L.
Shear, Bureau of Plant Industry, Washington, D. C. ; Councilor,
Dr. F. D. Kern, Pennsylvania State College, Pa. Dr. W. A.
Orton was elected one of the chief editors of Phytopathology,
and Professor H. T. Giissow, Dr. C. W. Edgerton, Dr. E. C.
Stakman, and Dr. V. B. Stewart were elected associate editors.

A bulletin on “ Melaxuma of the English Walnut,” by .H. S.
Fawcett, has recently been published by the California Horticul-
tural Commission. This disease causes black cankers and exuda-
tion of black sap on the large limbs and trunks of English walnut
trees in Santa Barbara County and certain other counties in Cali-
fornia. It is infectious, being caused by a species of Dothiorella
which also attacks a willow in that vicinity, poles of which are
often used to drop the lower limbs of the walnut trees. If not
too far advanced, it may be controlled by cutting out the cankers
and dead limbs and treating the wounds with strong lime-sulphur
or with Bordeaux paste.

An important professional paper on “ The Toxicity to Fungi of
Various Oils and Salts, Particularly Those Used in Wood Preser-
vation,” by C. J. Humphrey and Ruth M. Fleming, recently ap-
peared as Bulletin No. 227 of the United States Department of
Agriculture. The authors conclude that the common molds are
more resistant to poisons than the true wood-destroying fungi, and
even among the latter group the different species show a great
difference in susceptibility. The results of tests on eighteen wood
preservatives at the Forest-Products Laboratory, against two
wood-destroying fungi, Pomes annosus Fr. and F. pinicola (Sw.)
Fr., are given. Preservatives act in a considerably different man-
ner on these two organisms, the former being, as a rule, far more
resistant.

112

Mycologia

Another bulletin on “ Citrus Canker,” by H. E. Stevens, has
been published by the Agricultural Experiment Station of the
University of Florida. This bacterial disease, caused by Pseudo-
monas Citri Hasse, has proved to be the worst plant disease that
has appeared in Florida and seriously threatens the citrus industry
of the state, as well as of the entire South. It affects all parts of
the tree above ground and attacks most of the varieties of Citrus
grown in Florida. The bacteria are capable of considerable desic-
cation and retain their vitality for long periods. The complete
destruction of all infected trees is the only known effective method
of checking the spread of the disease, and this must be done very
promptly if it is to be successful.

The February number of Phytopathology, which is both large
and attractive, contains a long list of important articles and also
abstracts of all the papers presented at the Seventh Annual Meet-
ing of the American Phytopathological Society at Columbus, Ohio,
December 28-31, 1915. Among the articles, the following may
be mentioned : “ Mordecai Cubitt Cooke,” by H. T. Giissow, “ The
leaf blotch disease of horse-chestnut,” by V. B. Stewart, “ Some
bark diseases of citrus trees in Florida,” by J. G. Grossenbacher,
“ International phytopathology,” by Otto Appel, “ Identity of
Peridermium montanum with Peridermium acicolum,” by George
Grant Hedgcock, and “ The control of experimental conditions in
phytopathological research,” by Alden A. Potter.

An article on the discovery of the chestnut canker {Endothia
parasitica) in Japan by Mr. Frank N. Meyer appeared in Science,
February 4, 1916, contributed by C. L. Shear and Neil E. Stevens.
About two years ago, Mr. Meyer discovered the chestnut canker
in China. In a letter dated September 20, 1915, Mr. Meyer
stated that the chestnut canker was quite common in Japan, at
least around Nikko, Tokio, and Yokohama, both wild and culti-
vated trees being attacked but showing considerable power of
resistance. Mr. Meyer sent some of his collections to Dr. Shear,
who found them to be absolutely identical with material collected
in the United States on the wild chestnut tree. On January 8,

Notes and Brief Articles

113

1916, Dr. Shear received a specimen of chestnut canker from Dr.
Yamada, of the Morioka Imperial College of Agriculture and
Forestry, who attributed his discovery of the disease to a
familiarity with the fungus gained on a recent visit to the United
States. Endothia radicalis is also indigenous in Japan on various
hosts and has been confused with the true chestnut canker, which
it very much resembles.

An Attractive Species of Melanoleuca from Oregon
Melanoleuca olivaceiflava Murrill, sp. nov.

Pileus fleshy, convex to subexpanded, solitary, 2.5-3 broad ;
surface smooth, dry, opaque, subtomentose, soft like a kid glove,
not striate, very dark olivaceous, margin concolorous, entire, in-
flexed on drying : lamellae sinuate-adnexed, crowded, broad,
ventricose, flavous : spores oblong-ellipsoid, smooth, hyaline,
12-16 X 4~5-5 /A : stipe short, thick, tapering downward, solid,
fleshy, flavous, becoming brownish when bruised, 2 cm. long,
8 mm. thick.

Type collected on the ground in mixed woods at Corvallis,
Oregon, November 6-1 1, 1911, W. A. Murrill ^48 (herb. N. Y.
Bot. Card.). This species is very conspicuous on account of its
dark-olive pileus and bright-yellow lamellae and stipe. The
spores are also quite remarkable, being very long and narrow.
The plant is known only from the original collection.

W. A. Murrill.

Insects and Mushrooms

In Henri Fabre’s “ The Life of the Fly,” a translation of which
has been published by Dodd, Mead, and Company, there is a
chapter devoted to insects and mushrooms, in which reference is
first made to the widespread belief that mushrooms eaten by
insect larvae are safe for human beings. The author then pro-
ceeds to describe in an interesting way what he observed in the
neighborhood of Serignan.

Of the chewing insects, he mentions four beetles and a moth-
caterpillar. One of the beetles specializes on Pholiota aegerita,
one attacks Polyporiis hispidus, and the o.ther two are partial to
truffles. The caterpillar, about one fifth of an inch long, is the
habitual boarder of all kinds of fleshy agarics and boleti. The

114

Mycologia

chewers, to which group may be added the snails, all dig clean
passages and break their food into minute particles. The flies,
on the other hand, when in the maggot stage liquefy the flesh of
the mushroom, dissolving it by means of a special pepsin as do
the bluebottle maggots of meat.

The caterpillar and the maggots, as observed by Fabre, greedily
devoured Boletus Satanas, but refused all species of Amanita,
whether edible or poisonous; while the mild Lactaria deliciosa
and the acrid Lactaria torminosa, the poisonous Pleurotus phos-
phoreus and the edible Pleurotus Eryngii, proved equally attrac-
tive to these insects. The author concludes that the selection of
mushrooms by insects is no criterion for the human mycophagist.

Then follows a very inaccurate and dangerous statement, to
the efifect that no one was ever poisoned at Serignan by eating
mushrooms because it was the custom to “ blanch ” them, or bring
them to the boiling point in water with a little salt added, and then
to rinse them a few times in cold water. The “poisonous”
species mentioned as treated in this way are Armillaria mellea,
Boletus Satanas, Lactaria sonaria, Amanita pantherina. Amanita
muscaria, and Pleurotus phosphoreus ; some of which are entirely
harmless, some are rendered harmless by boiling, and the rest
contain as their active poisonous principle the alkaloid muscarin,
which is soluble in hot water. If Amanita phalloides had acci-
dentally come into the experiment, the conclusion would have been
very different. Romell, of Sweden, doubted Entoloma lizndum
and tried boiling it for five minutes and throwing the water
away ; — he narrowly escaped death.

Attention is called to Dr. Clark’s note on this subject in
Mycologia for July, 1912, which closes with the following state-
ment: “Amanita phalloides still preserves its toxic principle un-
changed after being heated to boiling for some time ; in the dried
■State its toxicity is not weakened after standing a year nor has
it lost its poisonous properties after remaining dry for six years ;
the poison is still held in the tissues of the mushroom after boiling
with water.

“ Therefore it is very ununse to spread broadcast the erroneous
idea that all poisonous mushrooms may be rendered harmless by
boiling with zvater and then zvashing repeatedly in cold water.”

W. A. Murrill.

Notes and Brief Articles

115

Marasmius on Sugar Cane

Fulton in Bulletin No. loo of the Louisiana Experiment
Station reported Marasmius plicatus on sugar cane. His descrip-
tion of “ stipe whitish ” differs so much from that of the original
M. plicatus Wakker as to lead one to suspect another fungus. My
own dried material of Marasmius on sugar cane from Louisiana
and Texas answers to the description of M. stenophyllus or its
synonym M. semiustis. As I recall the form in the field, the pileus
occasionally presents a purplish color. This corresponds with
material occurring on sugar cane in Cuba and common on certain
varieties of banana. Dr. Murrill identified my material from
sugar cane and banana as M. stenophyllus.

Unfortunately, no one in this part of the world has been able to
compare material with the original M. plicatus described by Wakker
and Went, from Java, but nevertheless all the available evidence
seems to show clearly that the species of Marasmius parasitic on
sugar cane in the Southern United States and occasionally para-
sitic on sugar cane and common on bananas in Cuba is M. steno-
phyllus.

The more common species of Marasmius on sugar cane is com-
monly known as M. Sacchari. This answers well to the original
description by Wakker and Went, and, moreover. Went identified
material in Trinidad as such (see Went, “ Waarnemingen en op-
merkingen omtrennt de Rietsuiker industrie in West Indie”).
M. Sacchari appears to occur throughout the West Indies as a
parasite of sugar cane and to its damage is assigned the main
reason for giving up the Bourbon cane and the adoption of seed-
ling and other varieties. M. stenophyllus is reported on bananas
in many West Indian islands, but has not been reported before on
sugar cane.

These two species are very similar, although M. stenophyllus
occasionally has a purplish pileus, while M. Sacchari never does
so far as I know. The only safe criterion for separating the spe-
cies is the spore form and size, the spores of M. stenophyllus
being ellipsoid, 7-9 X 5-6 and the spores of M. Sacchari being
irregularly elongate, often slightly curved, larger at one end than
at the other, and 16-20 X 4~5 1^-

J. R. Johnston.

INDEX TO AMERICAN MYCOLOGICAL
LITERATURE

Arthur, J. C. New species of Uredineae — IX. Bull. Torrey
Club 42: 585-593- 13 N 1915.

Includes ii new species in Uropyxis (i), Uromyces (2), Puccinia (6),
Uredo (i), and Aecidium (i).

Arthur, J. C., & Fromme, F, D. New species of grass rusts.
Torreya 15: 260-265. 3° ^ 1915.

Includes 7 new species in Uromyces (2), Puccinia (4), and Uredo (i).

Barrus, M. F. An anthracnose-resistant red kidney bean. Phyto-
pathology 5 : 303-311- /- 1-4- N 1915.

Blakeslee, A. F. Zygospores and Rhizopus for class use. Sci-
ence II. 42 : 768-770. 26 N 1915.

Boncquet, P. A., & Hartung, W. J. The comparative effect upon
sugar beets of Eutettix tenella Baker from wild plants and
from curly top beets. Phytopathology 5: 348, 349. /. i. N.

1915-

Burrill, A, C. Insect control important in checking fire blight.

Phytopathology, 5 : 343-347. N 1915.

Burt, E. A. The Thelephoraceae of North America-V. Tre-
mellodendron, Eichleriella, and Sebacina. Ann. Missouri Bot.
Card. 2: 731-770. pi. 26, 27. N 1915.

Includes descriptions of ii new species.

Claassen, E. Caloplaca pyracea (Ach.) Th. Fr.^ eine Krustin-
flechte auf den Sandstein-Fussteigen zu East Cleveland, Cuya-
hoga County, Ohio. Hedwigia 54: 217, 218. 10 F 1914.

Cook, M. T. Report of the plant pathologist. Ann. Rep. New
Jersey Agr. Exp. Sta. 1914: 467-504. 1915.

Includes articles by H. C. Lint, G. W. Martin, and Cook & Martin.

Cook, M. T., & Wilson, G. W. The influence of ether on the
growth of Endothia. Bot. Gaz. 60: 412, 413. 15 N 1915-

Cook, M. T., & Wilson, G. W. The influence of the tannin content
of the host plant on Endothia parasitica and related species.
Bot. Gaz. 60: 346-361. 15 N 1915.

116

Index to American Mycological Literature 117

Crabill C. H. Dimorphism in Coniothyrium pirinum Sheldon.

Am. Jour. Bot. 2: 449-467. f. 1-15. 16 D 1915.

Edgerton, C. W. A new method of selecting tomatoes for resist-
ance to the wilt disease. Science II. 42 : 914, 915. 24 D 1915.
Carman, P. Some Porto Rican parasitic fungi. Mycologia 7 •
333-340. pi. 17 1. N 1915.

Gortner, R. A., & Blakeslee, A. F. Observations on the toxin of
Rhizopus nigricans. Am. Jour. Physiology 34: 353-367. i
J1 1914.

Heald, F. D. Preliminary note on leaf invasions by Bacillus amy-
lovorus. Washington Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 125: 1-7. /. z-j.
S 1915.

Heald, F. D., & Studhalter, R. A. Seasonal duration of asco-
spore expulsion of Endothia parasitica. Am. Jour. Bot. 2 :
429-448. /. 1-6. 16 D 1915.

Heald, F. D., & Woolman, H. M. Bunt or stinking smut of
wheat. Washington Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 126: 1-24. /. z-5.
N 1915.

Hedgcock, G. G., & Long, W. H. Two new hosts for Peridermium
pyriforme. Jour. Agr. Research 5: 289, 290. pi. 27. 15 N

1915-

Hotson, J. W. Eire blight on cherries. Phytopathology 5: 312-
216. pi. 14. N 1915.

Hotson, J. W. Enemies of the Rhododendron. The Moun-
taineer 8: 75-77. D 1915. [Illust.]

House, H. D. Report of the State botanist, 1914. N. Y. State
Mus. Bull. 179: 1-107. 15 D 1915. [Illust.]

Includes articles by L. H. Pennington and C. H. Kauffman here indexed
separately.

Howe, R. H. The genus Teloschistes in North America. Bull.

Torrey Club 42: 579-583. f- A I3 N 1915.

Jehle, R. A. El Tizon tardio y la pudricion de la papa. Cuba
Estac. Exp. Agron. Circ. 48: 1-6. /. 1-6. 1915.

Kauffman, C. H. The fungi of North Elba. N. Y. State Mus.
Bull. 179: 80-104. 15 D 1915.

Includes Boletus rubritubifer and Cortinartus chrysolitus, spp. nov.

118

Mycologia

Lizer, C. Quelques notes pour servir de complement au recueil de
Mr. L. Hauman-Merck sur “ Les parasites vegetaux des plantes
cultivees en Argentine et dans les regions limitrophes. Anal.
Soc. Cien. Argentina 78: 5-17. Au 1914.

Long, W. H. A honeycomb heart-rot of oaks caused by Stereum
subpileatum. Jour. Agr. Research 5: 421-428. pi. 41. 6 D

1915-

Lyman, G. R., & Rogers, J. T. The native habitat of Spongo-
spora siibterranea. Science II. 42: 940, 941. 31 D 1915.
Melchers, L. E. The grouping and terminology of plant diseases.

Phytopathology 5 : 297-302. N 1915.

Melhus, I. E. Germination and infection with the fungus of the
late blight of potato (Phytophthora infestans). Wisconsin
Agr. Exp. Sta. Research Bull. 37: 1-64. /. 1-6. Au 1915.
Murrill, W. A. Preliminary list of Upper St. Regis Fungi. My-
cologia 7: 297-306. pi. i6y-i6p f. 1-4. N 1915.

Murrill, W. A. A visit to the pine barrens. Torreya 15: 247,
248. N 1915.

O’Gara, P. J. A Podosporiella disease of germinating wheat.

Phytopathology 5: 323-326. pi. 15, 16. N 1915.

Orton, C. R., & Adams, J. F. Collar-blight and related forms of
fire-blight. Pennsylvania Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 136: 1-23. f.
1-13. Au 1915.

Overholts, L. 0. Comparative studies in the Polyporaceae. Ann.

Missouri Bot. Card. 2: 667-730. pi. 25-25. 1-8. N 1915.
Pennington, L. H. New York species of Marasmins. N. Y.

State Mus. Bull. 179: 52-79. 15 D 1915.

Petch, T. Citrus mWA&w. Phytopathology 5 : 350-352. N 1915.
Pieters, A. J. The ferax group of the genus Saprolegnia. My-
cologia 7: 307-314. pi. 170- N 1915.

Pieters, A. J. New species of Achlya and of Saprolegnia. Bot.
Gaz. 60: 483-490. pi. 21. 16 D 1915.

Achlya Klebsiana and Saprolegnia Kaufmanniana, spp. nov. are described.

Pieters, A. J. The relation between vegetative vigor and repro-
duction in some Saprolegniaceae. Am. Jour. Bot. 2 ; 529-576.
/. /, 2. D 1915.

Index to American Mycoiogical Literature

119

Rand, F. V. Dissemination of bacterial wilt of Cucurbits. Jour.
Agr. Research 5: 257-260. pi. 24. 8 N 1915.

Preliminary note.

Rees, C. C., & Macfarlane, W. A bibliography of recent litera-
ture concerning plant-disease prevention. Illinois Agr. Exp.
Sta. Circ. 183: 2-78. My 1915.

Rosenbaum, J. Pathogenicity and identity of Sclerotinia liber-
tiana and Sclerotinia smilacina on ginseng. Jour. Agr. Re-
search 5: 291-298. pi. 28, 2p-{-f. I. 15 N 1915.

Smith, E. F., & Bryan, M. K, Angular leaf-spot of cucumbers.

Jour. Agr. Research 5: 465-476. pi. 43-49. 13 D 1915.

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ogy 5 : 327"334- N 1915.

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Theissen, F., & Sydow, H. Die Dothideales. Ann. Myc. 13 :
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MYCOLOGIA

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EDITOR

WILLIAM ALPHONSO MURRILL

Vol. VIII— MAY, 1916—No. 3

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Illustrations of Fungi — XXIII - William A. Murrill 121
Cultures of Uredineae in 1915 - - J. C. Arthur 125

Fungi of New Mexico - - Paul C. Standley 142

Note on Western Red Rot in Pinus ponderosa.

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]\lYCOLOr.IA

Plate CLXXXV

ILLUSTRATIONS OF FUNGI

MYCOLOGIA

VoL. VIII May, 1916 No. 3

ILLUSTRATIONS OF FUNGI— XXIII

William A. Murrill

In Mycologia for January, 1916, an index was given to the
species illustrated in the first 22 articles of this series, the draw-
ings of which were prepared by Mr. Edward C. Volkert. The
plate accompanying the present article is from original studies by
Miss Mary E. Eaton ; and the descriptions are largely taken from
Dr. Burlingham’s monograph of the American species of Rus-
sula recently published in Volume 9, part 4, of North American
Flora. For descriptions of the 13 species of Russula previously
figured in this series, see Mycologia 4 ; pi. 68, 76, and 7 : pi. 160,
163.

Russula delica Fries
Short-Stemmed Russula

Plate 185. Figure i. X i

Pileus fleshy, of medium thickness, firm, broadly convex-um-
bilicate, then spreading, and at length infundibuliform, 8-16 cm.
broad; surface white, sometimes with yellowish stains when the
pileus has brought soil up with it, easily staining yellowish in dry-
ing, dry, glabrous or sometimes under the lens appearing obscurely
tomentose from the pulling apart of the fibers in the outer layer ;
margin even, involute, late in expanding; context firm, white,
unchanging where bruised, slowly becoming slightly acrid ; lamel-
lae white, the edges often becoming faintly glaucous-green when
mature or in the process of drying, becoming yellowish where

[Mycologia for March, 1916 (8: 65—120), was issued April ii, 1916.]

J21

122

Mycologia

rubbed, some equal, some forking, narrowed at both ends, decur-
rent, subdistant to distant, rather narrow ; spores subglobose,
hyaline, tuberculate, lo X 9/^; stipe white, sometimes with a glau-
cous-green ring at the apex, glabrous or sometimes slightly downy
at the apex under a lens, 2-5 cm. long, 1-2 cm. thick.

Found commonly in dry woods, especially under conifers, from
jMaine to Alabama and west to Colorado. It very much resembles
Lac t aria piperata, but is without milky juice and the hymenium
is usually tinged with glaucous-green. Peck includes it in his list
of edible fungi and remarks that it is excellent fried in butter.
It is more compact and lasts longer than most species of Russula.

Russula flava Romell
Yellow Russula

Plate 185. Figure 2. X 1

Pileus fleshy, broadly convex, becoming plane or slightly de-
pressed at the center, 5-8 cm. broad ; surface flavous or golden-
yellow, sometimes discolored with age, viscid when wet, glabrous ;
margin even to slightly striate when mature; context white, be-
coming gray with age and in drying, the taste mild ; lamellae white,
becoming pale-yellow, then gray with age, equal, not forking,
adnexed, close, broader at the outer ends ; spores pale-yellow,
globose, echinulate, 8-9 [x in diameter ; stipe white, becoming more
or less gray with age or in drying, nearly equal, obscurely reticu-
late-rivulose, spongy, 5-8 cm. long, 1-2 cm. thick.

Found in mixed woods from New England westward to Michi-
gan. Unfortunately, neither this species nor the two other beau-
tiful yellow species. Russula lutea and Russula flavida, are very
abundant.

Russula virescens (Schaeff.) Fries
Green Russula

Plate 185. Figure 3. X i

Pileus fleshy, globose, becoming convex, then nearly plane and
often centrally depressed, 5-12 cm. broad; surface green or gray-
ish-green, dry, with small, flocculose patches or warts resembling

Murrill: Illustrations of Fungi

123

those of Venenarius; margin even, rarely slightly striate in old
specimens ; context white, mild to the taste ; lamellae white, a few
short ones present, some forking, narrow toward the stipe and
nearly or quite free, rather crowded ; spores subglobose, echinulate,
hyaline, 8X7/*; stipe white, firm, nearly equal, 2.5-5 cm. long,
1.2-2 cm. thick.

Found in oak, maple, or mixed woods from Maine to Virginia
and westward to Michigan and Ohio. This beautiful species has,
long enjoyed a reputation for edibility, but, unfortunately, it is
rather rare and its flavor is not really of first rank. It may be
recognized by the greenish color and warted appearance of its
pileus. The pileus of Russula furcata, a bitter species formerly
considered poisonous, is green but not warted. The green form
of Venenarius phalloides and the poisonous Entoloma lividum,
both common in Europe, are easily distinguished by other char-
acters.

Russula obscura Romell

Obscure Russula
Plate 185. Figure 4. X i

A paler form of this species was figured and described in
Mycologia for November, 1912. The color is usually dull-dark-
red as here represented, the disk often being blackish. The species
usually occurs on the ground in coniferous woods and is known
from New England, New York, and Mississippi.

Russula compacta Erost & Peck
Compact Russula

Plate 185. Figure 5. X i

Pileus fleshy, broadly convex, sometimes umbilicate, becoming
centrally depressed or infundibuliform, 7.5-15 cm. broad; sur-
face white or whitish, becoming rusty-ochraceous, dry or sub-
viscid after heavy rains, unpolished, glabrous, margin even; con-
text compact, white, mild or slightly and tardily acrid, the odor in
drying strong and disagreeable ; lamellae white, becoming reddish-
brown where wounded and smoky-brown in drying, unequal, oc-

124

Mycologia

casionally forked, rather crowded to subdistant, adnate or slightly
rounded behind; spores globose to subglobose, nearly smooth,
hyaline, 7/u, in diameter; stipe white but becoming stained with
reddish-brown in handling or where wounded, and sometimes
changing color like the pileus, equal or nearly so, solid, 3. 5-6.5
cm. long, 1. 2-2. 5 cm. thick.

Found in pine groves or mixed woods in New England, New
York, and New Jersey. Peck says it is edible. The flesh is firm
as in R. deltca, R. nigricans, and other members of the Com-
pactae.

New York Botanic.\l Garden.

CULTURES OF UREDINEAE IN 1915^

J. C. Arthur

The present article is the fourteenth of a series of reports* by
the writer upon the culture of plant rusts, beginning in 1899 and
completing seventeen consecutive years. With this report it is
proposed to bring the series to a close. Hereafter the record of
such cultures as may be undertaken will be made in whatever con-
nection may be found advantageous. To render the work brought
together in the present series more readily accessible, and to
make clear the changing point of view dominating the work, it
is proposed to prepare an index and a brief historical statement,
to be issued in the early future.

During the year 1915, little traveling was undertaken for the
purpose of securing culture material and information. Two trips
were made by the writer, the first one in April, the second in June,
the first one in company with Mr. H. E. Ford, in order once more
to explore the Kankakee marshes, in the northern part of Indiana,
especially to gather information about Puccinia Seymouriana on
Spartina. The rust was found in the greatest profusion, and
specimens were taken from different parts of the region. Only
one of these specimens showed viability, without much strength,
and no infection was obtained from it. It is difficult to surmise
what could cause such low viability, especially as the winter was
mild and favorable to vegetation.

Correspondents in various parts of the country, as in previous
vears, have sent material for cultures, of both the rusts and the
living host plants. A number of correspondents took extra
trouble to respond to requests for particular species, and to such

1 Presented before the Botanical Society of America at the Columbus meet-
ing, December 30, 1915.

2 See Bot. Gaz. 29:268-276; 35:10-23; Jour. Myc. 8:51-56; 10:8-21;
II : 50-67; 12:11-27; 13:189-205; 14:7-26; Mycol. 1:225-256; 2:213-240;
4: 7-33, 49-65; 7: 61-89.

125

126

Mycologia

especially not only the writer feels much indebted but the scien-
tific public is placed under obligation. Among those who con-
tributed in more or less degree to the studies of the present year
the following are especially entitled to mention : Messrs. F. McAl-
lister, I. M. Lewis and B. C. Tharp, Austin, Texas ; W. A. Archer,
Mesilla Park, N. Mex. ; J. M. Bates, Red Cloud, Neb.; E. Bar-
tholomew, Stockton, Kans. ; E. Bethel, Denver, Colo. ; J. F.
Brenckle, Kulm, N. Dak.; H. L. Bolley, Fargo, N. Dak.; J. J.
Davis, Madison, Wis. ; A. O. Garrett, Salt Lake City, Utah ; H.
D. House, Albany, N. Y. ; H. S. Jackson, Corvallis, Ore. ; C. H.
Kauffman and E. B. Mains, Ann Arbor, Mich. ; Roy Latham,
Orient, N. Y. ; W. H. Long, Albuquerque, N. Mex. ; C. R. Or-
ton, State College, Pa; J. L. Weimer and H. H. Whetzel, Ithaca,
N. Y.

To indicate the extent of the work in making the cultures here
reported the following statistics may be given. There were avail-
able Ii8 collections with resting spores, and i8 with active spores,
i. e., taken from growing plants. Over 240 tests were made in a
hanging drop to determine the germinating condition of the spores.
Only 48 collections of resting teliospores could be brought to
germination, from which no sowings were made, and 16 infec-
tions secured. From the 18 collections of fresh spores 34 sow-
ings were made, and 3 infections obtained No extra assistant
was employed for the work, as has been customary in preceding
years, but it was carried forward by the regular staff of the labora-
tory, the larger share falling to Mr. H. C. Travelbee.

Negative Results. — A number of collections giving good ger-
mination of spores produced negative results when sown upon
hosts which are presumably aecial hosts for the species, but pos-
sibly not adapted to the racial material in hand. A few collec-
tions of species, for which no definite suggestions were available,
were sown upon the seemingly most likely aecial host. In both
cases the lack of positive results appears worth recording.

I. PucciNiA AMPHiGENA Diet., On Calamovilfa longifolia
(Hook.) Hack., collected by Mr. E. Bethel at Colorado Springs,
Colo., Oct. 18, 1914, and sent immediately to Lafayette, Ind.,

Arthur: Cultures of Uredineae in 1915 127

was sown March 31, on Sniilax hispida; another collection from
the same locality, made May 16, 1915, was sown on another plant
of the same host May 24, both without infection. The leaves
of the two collections sent by Mr. Bethel were thickly covered
with the prominent, blackish telia. The teliospores germinated
well, especially so in the October collection. Mr. Bethel stated
on the label of the latter specimen that although the rust was very
abundant, there were no Smilax plants in the region. In sending
the May collection he stated on the label that the aecial stage oc-
curred on Leucocrintim, but desired to have the material tested on
Smilax. In the accompanying letter of same date he says : “ I
am inclosing Puccinia amphigena on Calamovilfa longifolia, which
I wish you would sow on Smilax, which I believe you give as host
in the east. I have fine young plants of native Smilax, but have
failed to inoculate them. With us this does not normally belong
to Smilax, and may be another race. It belongs to Leucocrinum,
on which it is epidemic everywhere this year.” This species of
rust was first cultured on Smilax in 1902, from telial material
gathered at Callaway, Neb., and in the year following from ma-
terial gathered at the type locality in Chicago, 111. It has been
cultured altogether six times,® the westernmost locality for telial
material 'being central Nebraska, on the plains, some two hundred
miles from the foothills of the Rocky Mountains, where this
season’s material was obtained.

2. Puccinia emaculata Schw., on Paniciim capillare L., col-
lected at Lafayette, Ind., was sown. May 21, on Euphorbia corol-
lata, having shown strong germination, but without results. The
reasons for this attempt, with citation of other trials, are given in
the previous report of cultures.*

3. Puccinia simillima Arth., on Phragmites communis Trin.,
collected by Dr. J. F. Brenckle, at Wiedmer’s Lake, N. Dak., on
April II, 1915, was sown May 14, on Anemone cylindrica and
Ranunculus acris, without infection. It was sown again June 18
on two plants of Ranunculus sceleratiis, but with no infection.

3 See Bot. Gaz. 35:20. 1903; Jour. Myc. 10: ii. 1904; 12:16. 1906;

14:15. 1908; Mycol. 2:225. 1910; and 4:18. 1912.

* Mycol. 7 : 65. 1915.

128

Mycologia

This species was successfully cultured in 1902 and again in 1907
on Anemone canadensis.^ A recent monographic study of Amer-
ican grass rusts confirms the early opinion® that this species is
similar, morphologically and in host requirements, to P. Mag-
nusiana of Europe, which has been found to have aecia on Ra-
nunculus acris and R. bulbosus. Aecia were collected by Dr.
Brenckle on R. sceleratus, May 30, 1908, near Kulm, N. Dak.,
which are structurally similar to the American form on Anemone,
as well as to the European form on Ranunculus. An appeal to
Dr. Brenckle for living plants of R. sceleratus was met with some
difficulty upon his part, but successfully, and telial material also
was sent from a locality not far away from the place where aecia
on R. sceleratus had been obtained, but nothing definite has been
proven. It still seems probable, however, that P. simillima is but
a racial variant of P. Magnusiana, and that a race may finally be
found in America with aecia on Ranunculus, although the common
form is on Anemone.

4. PucciNiA Rhamni (Pers.) Wtttst., on Nothoholcus lanatus
(L.) Nash (Holcus lanatus L.), sent by Prof. H. S. Jackson from
Corvallis, Ore., was sown April 2 on Rhamnus cathartica and
Lepargyraea canadensis, with no infection. Another collection
of the rust on Scolochloa festucacea (Willd.) Link, sent by Dr.
J. F. Brenckle from Kulm, N. Dak., was sown May 8 on Lepar-
gyraea canadensis and Eleagnus argentea, and again May 21 on
Rhamnus cathartica, all without infection. ■ Aecia are known to
be common about Corvallis on Rhamnus Purshiana, but not found
on Lepargyraea, the host being absent from the region, while at
Kulm aecia are common on Eleagnus, but whether the latter
belong to a race of P. Rhamni, or to an independent species is not
yet known.

5. PucciNiA Agropyri E. & Ev., on Hordeuni jubatum L.,
sent by Dr. Brenckle from Wiedmer’s Lake, N. Dak., was sown
May 13 on Anemone cylindrica, Clematis ligusticifolia, and Aqui-
legia sp., without infection. Recent monographic study of the

5 Bot. Gaz. 35:20. 1903; and Jour. Myc. 14; 13. 1908.

8 Arthur, The Uredineae occurring upon Phragmites, Spartina and Arundi-
naria in America. Bot. Gaz. 34: 18. 1902.

Arthur: Cultures of Uredineae in 1915

129

grass rusts has shown the probability that this form, usually re-
ported under the name P. ruhigo-vera, is a part of the compre-
hensive species, P. Agropyri, with aecia on different Ranuncula-
ceous hosts, forming well defined races J

6. Uromyces Scirpi (Cast.) Burr., on Scirpus fluviatilis
(Torr.) A. Gray, sent by Dr. J. F. Brenckle from Kalmbach Lake,
Lamoure Co., N. Dak., was sown March 26 on Stum cicutaefolium
and Hydrocotyle australe, and again May 19 on other plants of
the same two species, without infection. The species apparently
is made up of races, a study of which was the aim in this attempt
at cultures.®

7. Uromyces Archerianus Arth. & Fromme, on Chloris ele- .
gans H. B. K., collected Nov. 12, 1914, and again Feb. 7, 1915,
by Mr. W. A. Archer, at Mesilla Park, N. Mex., was sown April
15, each collection on a different plant of Cheno podium album,
with no infection. This new species of rust was discovered in
abundance upon the campus of the New Mexico Agricultural
College, with no distinctive aecia in the vicinity. Because of its
morphological resemblance to Uromyces Peckianus, it was tried
upon Chenopodium.

8. Aecidium Iridis Ger., on Iris versicolor L., from the Ren-
wick Swamp, Ithaca, N. Y., was sent by Mr. J. L. Weimer in
abundance and in excellent condition, and on July i, the third day
after collection, was sown on a large and especially thrifty plant
of the same species of Iris, but gave no infection. A test of the
spores showed that seventy-five to ninety per cent, were in ger-
minating condition. Field observations have given little or no
grounds for considering this rust autoecious, and the present trial
further emphasizes this view. However, up to the present time
no one has detected a probable alternate host.

Successful cultures supplementing previous work. — The
facts derived by growing the following species of rusts supple-
ment in a variety of ways the facts obtained from previous cul-
tures in this series from cultures recorded by other American

7 For previous attempts at cultures see Mycol. 2: 219. 1910.

8 For previous culture work see Jour. Myc. 13: 199. 1907; 14: 17. 1908;

Mycol. 1 : 237. 1909; and 7:83. 1915.

130

Mycologia

or European investigators. The extension of aecial hosts for
Puccinia Seymouriana to two families not closely related to the
one previously known is especially important, and the behavior of
rye rust upon Anchusa appears to have significance.

1. Puccinia extensicola Plowr. (P. Dulichii Syd.). — A col-
lection of this rust on Dulichitim arundinaceum, made at DeMotte,
in the Kankakee marshes of northern Indiana, by Mr. H. E. Ford
and the writer on April 6, 1915, was sown April 19, on two
plants of Aster paniculatus, one brought from the spot where the
collection was made, and the prevailing plant at the place, and also
on a plant of Solidago canadensis. Abundant pycnia began to
show on the Solidago April 26, and aecia May 9, while the two
Aster plants were unaffected. The result agrees with the facts
obtained in 1914® with similar material from Florida.

2. Puccinia Grossulariae (Schum.) Lagerh. — Material col-
lected by Mr. Roy Latham at Greenport, Long Island, N. Y., on
Carex tenuis, was sown March 25 on Ribes floriduni with no in-
fection, and March 31 on R. Cynoshati, giving rise to pycnia April
13, and aecia May 4. The aeciospores thus produced were sown
]\Iay 4 on Carex pubescens, with no infection. Another collec-
tion made by C. H. Kauffman and E. B. Mains at Lake Placid,
N. Y., on Carex arctata, was sown March 15, on Ribes Cynos-
bati, giving a few pycnia March 26, but failing to develop further
on account of injury to host. The same material was sown again
March 26 on another plant of the same sort, giving pycnia April
2, and aecia April 26, the growth being slow. Both the original
telial collections gave many urediniospores, all of which appeared
to have but one basal pore, and they may be considered pure rep-
resentatives of Puccinia uniporula Orton. The aecia were not
distinguishable from those grown in previous years from material
showing equatorially three-pored urediniospores. It was hoped
that aecia so grown might be carried back to the telial host, and
the character of the resulting urediniospores ascertained, but al-
though an attempt was made, it failed.

A collection of aecia on Ribes longiflorum sent from Denver,
Colo., by Mr. E. Bethel, was sown June 4, two days after collec-

9 Mycol. 7 : 81. 1915.

Arthur: Cultures of Uredineae in 1915

131

tion, upon Carex durifolia, a species from which the aecia were
supposed to have been derived, and also upon C. Jamesii, with no
infection.^®

3. PucciNiA Eriophori Thiim. — Observations by Dr. H. D.
House of the New York State Museum, made near Oneida, N.
Y., in June of this year, led to the recognition of this species of
rust in America and the discovery of the alternate stage. On
June 27 Dr. House wrote that “of thousands of plants of Senecio
in the marsh practically every one is affected by the Aecidium.”
He found that of the numerous marsh plants the one having a
corresponding abundance of rust on the dead leaves from the
preceding year was Eriophorum viridi-carinatiim. At the same
time he sent growing plants of both the Senecio and Eriophorum,
the former with leaves well spotted with aecia. All the plants
continued to flourish.

On June 30 a sowing of aeciospores from Senecio aureus was
made on the young leaves of Eriophorum viridi-carinatum. After
twenty-four hours a test of the spores remaining on the leaves of
the Eriophorum showed that from twenty to forty per cent, of
them were germinating. Daily observation of the plant was not
made, but on July 15 both uredinia and telia were found to be
present. The rust on American species of Eriophorum is mor-
phologically very similar to Puccinia angustata Peck on various
species of Scirpus, and usually has been listed under that name.
As P. angustata has its alternate stage on the labiate, Lycopus,
the same had been supposed to be true of the rust on Eriophorum,
and thus to differ from the similar rust in Europe.

TranzscheP^ has reported the infection in 1907 of Ligularia
sibirica (Senecio cacaliaefolius) and Senecio paluster (Cineraria
palustris) from teliospores on Eriophorum angustifolium, and has
listed the European stations for the rust, showing that it is quite
rare. In America it has been taken on Eriophorum angustifolium
Roth, at Decorah, Iowa, June 29, 1884, E. W. D. Holway, Ken-
nedy, Neb., July 20, 1892, /. M. Bates, Newfane, Vt., Oct. 16,

10 For previous cultures see Jour. Mycol. 12: 58. 1905; 12: 14. 1906; 13:

196. 1907; 14: 13. 1908 ; Mycol. 4 : 13. 1912 ; and 7 ; 66, 78. 1915.

11 Beitrage zur Biologic der Uredineen, III.

132

Mycologia

1892, A. J. Grout; on E. polystachyon L., Mt. Hood, Ore., at 5,000
feet altitude, July 23, 1915, H. S. Jackson; on E. tenellum Nutt.,
at Isle au Haute, Me., Sept, ii, 1899, /. C. Arthur; on E. vir-
ginicum L., at Avilla, Ind., August, 1884, W. B. VanGorder,
Granville, Mass., August 1889, A. B. Seymour (Seym. & Earle,
Econ. Eungi 54), Isle au Haute, Me., Sept. 6, 1899, /. C. Arthur,
Central Village, Conn., Aug. 20, 1900, John L. Sheldon, Jackson,
Ind., July 28, 1905, C. C. Beam, Elm Lake, Wis., Sept. 12, 1907,
C. L. Shear, Winona Lake, Ind., Aug. 26, 1914, G. N. Hoffer;
on E. viridi-carinatum (Engelm.) Eernald, at Avilla, Ind., Aug^ist,
1884, W. B. VanGorder, Oneida, N. Y., June 27, 1915, H. D.
JJouse; on Senecio aureus L., at Buffalo, N. Y., without date, G.
W. Glinton, Decorah, Iowa, June, 1883, D. Holway, Ann

Arbor, Mich., June 8, 1898, C. H. Kauffman, Mt. Chocorua, N.
H., July 3, 1906, W. G. Farlow, Radisson, Wis., July 6, 1906, /. J.
Davis, Merrimac, Wis., June 19, 1912, Davis & Arthur, Oneida,
N. Y., June 27, 1915, H. D. Jiouse; on S. ductoris Piper, Mt.
Hood, Ore., at 5,000 feet altitude, July 23, 1915, H. S. Jackson.
It is evident that the rust is widespread in America, especially
northward, but not particularly abundant, and the aecia have been
collected over nearly the same territory as have the telia.

The morphological differences between P. angustata and P.
Eriophori are very considerable in the aecia, and while less marked
in the uredinia and telia are yet noticeable. The urediniospores
of P. Eriophori are more globoid, while the teliospores are some-
what shorter ( 35-60 jx long, against 42-67 /x in P. angustata) and
the apex thinner (4-10/A, against 7-16/11 in the other) with more
tendency to acuteness.

4. PucciNiA Agropyri E. & Ev. (P. alternans Arth.) — A col-
lection on Festuca Thurberi Vasey, sent from Lake Eldora, Colo.,
by Mr. E. Bethel, was sown May 13, on Anemone cylindrica,
Aquilegia canadensis, Glematis ligusticifolia, and Thalictrum
dioicum. Infection was obtained on the last named host only,
which began to show pycnia May 23, and aecia May 30. In send-
ing this material Mr. Bethel wrote that he thought it had been
derived in the field from aecia on Thalictrum Fendleri, which the
culture confirms as highly probable. The first collection of this

Arthur: Cultures of Uredineae in 1915 133

kind sent the writer by Mr. Bethel was dated Sept. 17, 1910, and
was intended for cultures on Thalictrum. This could not be
made to germinate when time for culture work arrived, nor could
a half dozen other collections sent subsequently at various dates.
With a specimen dated April 5, 1912, Mr. Bethel states that he
has “ proven by most positive field cultures ” that it goes to
Thalictrum Fendleri. Again in May, 1915, Mr. Bethel sent fine
materia! from his garden, showing the telia that had been brought
there and the aecia on Thalictrum derived therefrom. The rea-
sons for listing the Thalictrum form under P. Agropyri were
stated in the last report.^^ The aecia are especially large and
prominent in this particular race on Festuca, as shown by a num-
ber of collections sent from the same locality.

5. PucciNiA Asperifolii (Pers.) Wettst. — Two plants of An-
chusa officinalis L. were given ample space in the experimental
garden of the Indiana Experiment Station and attained a fine de-
velopment, each plant measuring five or six feet across. On July
2, the weather being especially damp with occasional light showers,
stems of rye, heavily infested with rust, were laid upon the two
plants in the garden, doubtless a hundred or more stems to each
plant. The plants were not covered in any manner. The date of
the appearance of the first pycnia was not recorded, but on July
13, the plants were conspicuously dotted with yellow spots bear-
ing groups of pycnia. About a week later careful search brought
to light two groups of aecia. Although the vigor of the plants
and the condition of the weather seemed favorable, and the great
numbers of yellow spots with their groups of pycnia continued to
show, yet no further development of the rust took place.^®

The reason why the infection should have started out with such
marked vigor and yet failed to mature aecia is not at all apparent.
The weather for the whole period was favorable for aecial growth.
It is possible, and yet scarcely probable, that the explanation lies
in the lessened vigor for the American rye rust, which is propa-
gated by repeating spores alone, the aecial hosts being practically
wanting in America.

12 Mycol. 7 : 74. 1915.

1® For a previous culture of similar character see Mycol. i : 236. 1909.

134

Mycologia

6. PucciNiA Seymouriana Arth. (Aeciditim obesum Arth.). —
This rust on Spartina at the time it was described in 1902 was
predicted upon morphological and geographical grounds to have
its alternate form upon the Rubiaceous genus Cephalanthus,'^* the
prediction being established by cultures in 1905, and confirmed
in subsequent seasons.^® It was not until June, 1913, that addi-
tional suggestions came to light, when Rev. J. M. Bates wrote that
his observations in the field led him to believe that in Nebraska
this rust on Spartina was connected with an Aecidium on Apo-
cynum hypericifolium. He sent a specimen of the aecia, which
proved to be Aecidium obesum Arth. This collection was distrib-
uted as 41OS of Barth. Fungi Columbiani, and lyoi of Barth. N.
Amer. Ured. Later in the year a careful microscopic comparison
of these aecia with those on Cephalanthus established their essen-
tial similarity. Owing to adverse seasonal conditions Mr. Bates
was unable to supply culture material for the 1914 cultures, but
on May 8, 1915, he sent telial material on Spartina Michauxiana
from Eight Mile Creek, near Red Cloud, Neb. It was sown May
12, on Apocynum cannabinum, Amsonia salicifolia, Asclepias syri-
aca, and Cephalanthus occidentalis, producing a scanty infection
only on Apocynum, pycnia showing June 10, but without develop-
ing aecia.

A specimen of aecia on Asclepias pulchra, collected by INIr. Roy
Latham, of Orient, N. Y., June 29, 1914, w^as reported to the
collector upon cursory examination only, as aecia of Puccinia
Jamesiana, that being the only species at that time known to have
aecia with a limited mycelium on Asclepias, and it was suggested
that he search for telial material on Bouteloua. Not long after-
ward he wrote that Bouteloua was not known upon Long Island,
and that among the infected milkweeds, which occur on “a patch
about 100 feet in length by 25 in width, many plants being actually
covered from ground up, stem, leaves, and all,” the only grass or
sedge bearing r\.\sivias,Spartinacynosuroides,oi which he sent leaves
covered thickly with telia remaining over from the preceding year,
and young leaves of the season with uredinia. The Spartina rust

Bot. Gaz. 34: 13. 1902.

15 Jour. Myc. 12:24. 1906; Mycol. 1:236. 1909; 4: 19. 1910.

Arthur: Cultures of Uredineae in 1915 135

proved to be F. 5" and the aecia on resembled

those belonging to that species. Mr. Latham kindly sent viable
material for cultures, collected at the same spot June 2, 1915,
which was sown June 10 on plants of the four hosts used in the
previous culture. Only Asclepias syriaca became infected, show-
ing an abundance of pycnia June 17 and great numbers of aecia
June 23.

It may fairly be concluded that this species of rust is one com-
posed of well-marked races in accordance with the aecial hosts.
Besides the three races here indicated, another doubtless occurs
in connection with Amsonia, the characteristic aecia having been
found on this host from Missouri.

7. PucciNiA SUBNITENS Diet. — A collection of this rust on
Distichlis spicata, very common in alkaline regions, was sent by
Prof. H. S. Jackson from LaGrand, Ore., and sown April 15, on
Chenopodium album. Pycnia began to show April 25, and aecia
May 8, chiefly on the petioles of the leaves.^® Telial material
has now been cultured from the states of Nebraska, Colorado,
Delaware, Nevada, and Oregon, extending from the Atlantic to
the Pacific coasts.

8. PucciNiA WiNDSORiAE Schw. — Much attention has been
given to finding the telial host for the aecia on Dirca palustris,
beginning with the illusory success of 1903 and continuing to the
present time.^^ Many telial collections have been used, secured
from widely separated localities, and representing many species
of rusts. During the last year a search through the herbarium
for aecia on other hosts, having similar microscopic characters,
led to the possibility that it might be a racial part of the common
Puccinia Windsoriae. To test this hypothesis telial material was
secured near Lafayette, on Tridens flavus, from the vicinity of
Dirca bushes, annually showing the lemon-yellow spots carrying
the aecia. Sowings were made May 3, on Dirca palustris, May

16 For previous cultures see Bot. Gaz. 35:19. 1903; Jour. Myc. 11:54.

1905; 12:16. 1906; 13:197. 1907; 14:15. 1908; Mycol. 1:234. 1909;

2:225. 1910; and 4:18, 54. 1912.

IT For previous attempts see Jour. Myc. 10: 19. 1904; 11:56. 1905; 13:

191, 192, 196. 1907 ; 14 : 12. 1908. Mycol. 1 : 231. 1909 ; 2 : 219, 227. 1910 ;

4 : 9, 10, 1 1, 12. 1912 ; 7 : 64, 65. 1914.

136

Mycologia

22, on Dirca and Ptelea trifoliata, May 24, on Ptelea. Only on
Ptelea was infection secured, abundant pycnia showing from both
sowings June 2, and aecia June yd®

Successful cultures reported now for the first time. —
The following species have never before been cultivated in Amer-
ica or elsewhere, so far as the writer knows.

1. PucciNiA TUMiDiPES Peek. — Excellent telial material of this
species on Lycium pallidum, was sent by Mr. W. A. Archer, col-
lected in the Organ Mountains, N. Mex., on Oct. 9, 1914. As it
was found the teliospores would germinate, it was sown Dec. i,
1914, on plants of Lycium vulgare, giving a few pycnia only
by Dec. 18, with no further development, possibly owing to the
poor condition of the host plant. It was sown again on another
plant of the same sort Dec. 12, 1914, giving rise to a few groups
of pycnia by Dec. 21, and a single uredineal sorus Jan. 16, 1915-

Although the growth of the fungus was not vigorous, and did
not continue to the final stage, yet it seems safe to conclude that
the rust is autoecious, and without cupulate aecia. It clearly
belongs in the genus Bullaria, where it becomes B. tumidipes
(Peck) comb. nov.

2. PucciNiA Distichlidis Ellis & Ev. — This rust in the first
place was sent to Mr. Ellis in 1891 by F. D. Kelsey of Helena,
Mont., and labeled as on " Distichlis maritima,” but afterward was
shown by the writer^® to be on Spartina gracilis. On account of
this erroneous determination of the host plant, the rust was re-
named P. Kelseyi by Sydow.®® In a study of “ Correlation be-
tween certain species of Puccinia and Uromyces ” Orton^^ came
to the conclusion from a comparison of the morphological charac-
ters and geographical distribution of Uromyces Spartinae and the
rust in hand, that it was “ extremely probable that its aecial host
is some member of the primrose family, perhaps Steironema,’*
this being one of the aecial hosts for the Uromyces. It has been

18 For previous successful cultures see Bot. Gaz. 29: 273. 1900; 35: 16.

1903; Jour. Myc. 11:56. 1905.

19 Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. Univ. Iowa 5 : 324. 1902.

20 Sydow, Monog. Ured. i : 806. 1904.

21 Mycol. 4: 202. 1912.

Arthur: Cultures of Uredineae in 1915 137

difficult to locate this rust in localities from which culture ma-
terial could be secured. Dr. Brenckle sent material from Kulm,
N. Dak., from which cultures were attempted in 1909 1910^^

upon a score of different hosts, but not including Steironema.
Again material on 5“. Michauxiana was obtained from Dr.
Brenckle, collected April 8, 1915, at Kulm, N. Dak., and also from
Rev. J. M. Bates, collected April 20, 1915, at Loup City, Neb.

The North Dakota material was sown May 8, on Steironema
ciliatum, and pycnia began to show May 16, followed by an
abundance of aecia May 22. The Nebraska material was sown
May 8, on Steironema ciliatum and Polemonium reptans. The
Polemonium plant remained uninfected, but many pycnia began
to show on the Steironema May 14, followed by a great abundance
of aecia May 20. Although these cultures were exceedingly vig-
orous and in so far seemed beyond question, yet there exists a
possible small source of error. The correlated Uromyces is a
common rust, and occasionally grows upon the same leaves with
the Puccinia. In the Nebraska material no admixture could be
found, but there were sori of Uromyces on the North Dakota ma-
terial. Care was exercised, however, to avoid all sori with one-
celled spores in making the cultures, and as the two forms were
mostly on separate leaves, there is little reason to doubt that the
cultures were pure. Correctness of the general conclusion was
obtained from a wholly independent source, however, when Dr.
Brenckle sent a collection of aecia on Steironema ciliatum, made
by Prof. O. A. Stevens near Fargo, N. Dak., May 23, 1915. On
June 5 Dr. Brenckle accompanied Prof. Stevens to the spot where
the collection was made, to institute a search for Spartina, as Prof.
Stevens had reported that the grass did not grow within miles of
the place. Dr. Brenckle writes, June 16, that he “ found a small
isolated bunch of Spartina in the midst of the infected spot;
the rust on the Spartina was Puccinia! ” The collection of aecia
has been issued as Fungi Dakotenses j/d, under the name of
Puccinia Distichlidis. This is the only field collection of aecia
positively known to Felong to the Puccinia form.

3. Puccinia montanensis Ellis. — There has been much con-

22 My col. 2:219. 1910; 4:11. 1912.

138

Mycologia

fusion in the application of this name. Not until within the pres-
ent year has it been possible to secure a clearly defined set of
characters with which to delimit the species, especially to distin-
guish it from Puccinia Agfopyri E. & E., with which it often
grows, and which it resembles in gross appearance. It is now
found to be separable from P. Agropyri, by the slightly thinner-
walled urediniospores, having more pores (8 to lo, instead of 6
to 8 in P. Agropyri), sometimes accompanied by paraphyses, but
more especially by the far broader teliospores (i8 to 34/4 wide,
against 13-24 jx in the other species), which generally approximate
an oblong form with convex sides, in contrast with terete spores
usually with straight sides in P. Agropyri.

The rust in question has often been labeled P. apocrypta E. &
T. The type of P. apocrypta was collected at Canon City, Colo.,
August 21, 1887, and was recorded as on Asprella Hystrix. The
type collection is now in the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical
Garden, and has been carefully examined by a number of students
of the grasses. The specimen is scanty, and consists of leaves
only. It can not be the species of grass named, which does not
occur within the region. It seems most likely to be some species
of Sitanion possibly 5”. elyrnoides, a common species of the region
much resembling Hystrix. The rust is certainly P. Agropyri,
although the teliospores are rather broader than usual. The type
material of P. montancnsis, which is in the herbarium of the New
York Botanical Garden, has been examined and bears out the pub-
lished statement that it is on Elymus condensatus. It was col-
lected at Helena, Mont., July 25, 1891, by F. D. Kelsey.

The fortunate observation which led to the elucidation of this
species was made by Mr. A. O. Garrett, of Salt Lake City, Utah,
who wrote on May 23, 1915: “I am sending by this mail some
leaves of Hydrophyllum [capitatum] heavily infected with Aeci-
dhini Hydrophylli. I think this rust has the alternate stage on
Agropyron. I always find the Agropyron plant plentiful, and it
is afifected by the rust, wherever the Hydrophyllums grow.” The
aecia on Hydrophyllum sent by Mr. Garrett came in good condi-
tion, and were sown May 28, on Agropyron tencrum and Elymus
virginicus. Uredinia began to show in abundance June 7, on the

Arthur: Cultures of Uredineae in 1915 139

Agropyron, followed by telia June ii. On the Elymus only a
few uredinia developed, not observed until June 23. A study of
the uredinia and telia on the Agropyron disclosed the characters of
Pnccinia montanensis. Field observations by Dr. Brenckle of
North Dakota, Mr. Garrett of Utah, and Mr. Bethel of Colorado,
independently reported, associated aecia on Lithospermum, Onos-
modiuni, and Phacelia, with Agropyron and Elymus rust, but
material sent to establish the connection by cultures failed to
yield results. Subsequent herbarium studies leave little chance
for doubt that Puccinia Agropyri has its alternate form on Ra-
nunculaceous hosts, while P. montanensis has its alternate form
on Hydrophyllaceous and Borraginaceous hosts.

Two former attempts at culture of P. montanensis^^ are shown
by a reexamination of the original material to have been made by
using P. Agropyri, and not P. montanensis, as published.

4. Uromyces Hordei Tracy. — Telial material on Hordeum
pusillum Nutt., sent by F. McAllister and B. C. Tharp from Aus-
tin, Texas, was sown March 15, on Nothoscordium striatum and
Ornithogalum umbellatum, and again March 30 on the latter host,
with infection only on the N othoscordium, showing pycnia March
30, and aecia April 6, both strongly developed.

When the report of culture experiments for the years 1911 to
1913 by W. TranzscheF'* came to hand, the account of the success-
ful growth of barley rust on Ornithogalum umbellatum sug-
gested the renewal of a study of the correlated American species
of Uromyces, U. Hordei Tracy. There is no morphological dif-
ference between the uredinia and telia of the latter species and
those of Puccinia anomala Rostr. (P. simplex Eriks. & Henn.),
except that part, rarely all, of the teliospores of the Puccinia
are two-celled. Ornithogalum umbellatum is the Star-of-Beth-
lehem of the florists, and has escaped from gardens and become
a weed in the southern states as far northward as the Ohio river.
Aecia on it have not been reported for America, but they are
known on a near relative, N othoscordium bivalve (L.) Britton
{Ornithogalum bivalve L.), from Texas. An appeal to Dr. McAl-

23 Jour. Myc. 14: ii. 1908; and Mycol. i; ii.

24 Mycol. Centr. 4: 70. 1914.

1912.

140

Mycologia

lister and Mr. Tharp, of the University of Texas, made in No-
vember, 1914, soon placed in my possession resting telia on Hor-
deum pusiUiim and dormant bulbs of the Nothoscordium, which
were made to yield the above results.

In the meantime it was remembered that ]\Ir. W. H. Long had
reported this connection several years before. In a letter dated
Feb. 28, 1904, he says : “ I have successfully grown Uromyces
Hordei urediniospores from sowings of aeciospores that I find on
Nothoscordium striatum [N. bivalve].” Again on IMarch 24,
1910, Mr. Long wrote: “Since writing you last I have cross-in-
oculated teliospores on Nothoscordium striatum, and aeciospores
from it upon Hordeum nodosum [error for H. pusillum], and
got successful cultures in both instances.” Mr. Long kindly sent
material to illustrate his work and also material with which to
verify his conclusions. Unfortunately it was not possible to
bring about conditions for the cultures, and as Mr. Long’s work
was done in the open, and not verified by others, the results were
omitted from the North American Flora when this species was
reached.^®

In this connection it may be well to say that the statement in
the North American Flora that the species occurs in California
on Hordeum nodosum is erroneous. The species ranges from
Nebraska to Mississippi and Texas, which also includes the range
of the aecial host, although the aecia have only been taken in
Texas.

Summary

The following is a complete list of the successful cultures made
during the year 1915. It is divided into two series, species that
have previously been grown in cultures and reported by the writer
or other investigators, and species whose culture is now reported
for the first time.

A. Species Previously Reported

I. PucciNiA EXTENSicoLA Plowr. (P. DtdichU Syd.). — Telio-
spores from Didichium arundinaceum (L.) Britt., sown on Soli-
dago canadensis L.

25 N. Amer. Flora 7 : 228. 1912.

Arthur: Cultures of Uredineae in 1915

141

2. PucciNiA Grossulariae (Schum.) Lagerh. (P. uniporula
Orton). — Teliospores from Carex tenuis Rudge, and from C.
arctata Boott, sown on Ribes Cynosbati L.

3. PucciNiA Eriophori Thiim. — Aeciospores from Senecio
aureus L., sown on Eriophorum viridi-carinatum (Engelm.) Fer-
nald.

4. PucciNiA Agropyri Ellis & Ev. (P. alternans Arth.). —
Teliospores from Festuca Thurberi Vasey, sown on Thalictrum
dioicum L.

5. PucciNiA Asperifolii (Pers.) Wettst. — Teliospores from
Secale cereale L., sown on Anchusa officinalis L.

6. PucciNiA Seymouriana Arth. (Aecidium obesum Arth.). —
Teliospores from Spartina Michauxiana Hitchc., sown on Apo-
cynum cannabinum L., and from Spartina cynosuroides (L.)
Roth, sown on Asclepias syriaca L.

7. PucciNiA subnitens Diet. — Teliospores from Distichlis
spicata (L.) Greene, sown on Chenopodium album L.

8. PucciNiA WiNDSORiAE Schw. — Teliospores from Tridens
flavus (L.) Hitchc. (Tricuspis seslerioides Torr.), sown on Ptelea
trifoliata L.

B. Species Reported Now for the First Time

1. PucciNiA TUMiDiPES Peck. — Teliospores from Lycium pal-
lidum Miers, sown on L. vulgare Dunal, producing pycnia and
uredinia.

2. PucciNiA Distichlidis Ellis & Ev. — Teliospores from Spar-
tina Michauxiana Hitchc., sown on Steironema ciliatum (L.) Raf.

3. PucciNiA MONTANENSis Ellis ( Accidium HydropliylH Peck) .
— Aeciospores from Hydrophyllum capitatum Dough, sown on
Agropyron tenerum Vasey and Elymus virginicus L.

4. Uromyces Hordei Tracy. — Teliospores from Hordeum pu-
sillum Nutt., sown on N othoscordium bivalve (L.) Britton.

Purdue University,

Lafayette, Indiana.

FUNGI OF NEW MEXICO

Paul C. Standley

The flowering plants and vascular cryptogams of New Mexico
are now fairly well known and much has been published concern-
ing them. The collections upon which our knowledge is based
were begun as early as 1820, and some of the larger and more
important ones were made from 1846 to the middle fifties, al-
though most of our knowledge of the plants of the state results
from the extensive collections obtained in the last twenty-five
years.

Concerning the lower cryptogams of New Mexico, however,
only the most fragmentary information is available. The early
collectors paid little attention to any but the higher plants. August "
Fendler (1846-47) and Charles Wright (1851-52) gathered a
few mosses and hepatics, but even the most recent collectors have
taken little interest in those groups or in the lichens and fungi.
Dr. T. H. Macbride spent one season in New Mexico collecting
Myxomycetes and published- a list of 25 species which he obtained.
Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell, ever an untiring student of matters per-
taining to the natural history of the state, has collected many
specimens of cryptogams, and has published® the only list of New
Mexican fungi (46 species) which has thus far appeared. Sev-
eral mycologists — S. M. Tracy, F. S. Earle, David Griffiths, G. G.
Hedgcock, E. W. D. Holway, and perhaps others — have collected
in New IMexico. In the spring of 1914 Dr. J. C. Arthur and
Dr. F. D. Fromme visited the ^tate for the purpose of securing
material for their investigations -of the Uredinales. But the only
results from these explorations, so far as the literature of New
Mexican mycology is concerned, have been scattered descriptions
of new species or incidental references in various monographs.

1 Published by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.

2 Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 12 : 33-38. 1905.

3 Jour. Myc. 10:49-51. 1904.

142

Standley; Fungi of New Mexico

143

Although the present writer’s chief interest has always been in
the phanerogamic flora of New Mexico, soon after the beginning
of his studies in the state (in 1909) he began to collect such of
the lower cryptogams as he happened upon. It is to be regretted
that more attention was not devoted to them and much larger
collections obtained, as might easily have been done especially in
the southern part of the state. During three different years,
however, the writer has spent some time in searching especially
for parasitic fungi : in 1908 in the Santa Fe and Las Vegas moun-
tains; in 1911 in Rio Arriba and San Juan counties; and in 1914
in the vicinity of Brazos Canyon, Rio Arriba County. The pres-
ent paper is based chiefly upon the collections thus obtained.
There are also included references to many specimens obtained
by Mr. E. O. Wooton. Prof. Cockerell has very kindly furnished
a manuscript list of species of his collection not included in his
published list, while Dr. Arthur has made available material
which permits the inclusion of several species, as well as speci-
mens showing more ext'^nded distribution. Reference is made
also to such reliable data as have been found in literature, but no
doubt some published records have been overlooked.

Not being a mycologist, the writer has been obliged to turn to
others for the identifications of his collections and he takes pleas-
ure in acknowledging the generous interest and pains taken by
those who have named the material. Dr. J. C. Arthur has fur-
nished the identifications of the Uredinales ; Dr. G. P. Clinton
those of the Ustilaginales ; Dr. W. A. Murrill the Agaricales and
Lycoperdales ; and Dr. C. E. Fairman, Dr. David R. Sumstine,
and Prof. Guy West Wilson those of the other groups. Special
thanks are due Dr. Arthur upon whom fell the task of naming
the larger part of the specimens. Dr. Arthur has also furnished
supplementary material and data and has revised the manuscript
of the Uredinales.

Although the chief part of the present list consists of the
Uredinales and Ustilaginales, it seems worth while to publish the
lists of other groups, although they are evidently only fragmentary.
It is greatly to be desired that in the near future an adequate study

144

Mycologia

may be made of the Agaricales and Lycoperdales, of which the
New Mexico mountains will doubtless furnish many species.

CHYTRIDALES

Synchytrium fulgens Schrot.

On Anogra coronopifolia (T. & G.) Britton: Duke, Aug. 19,
1911, Standley 8106. Determined by Sumstine.

PERONOSPORALES

(Determined by Prof. Guy West Wilson, unless stated otherwise)
Albugo Bliti (Biv.) Kuntze

On Amaranthus Powellii S. Wats, (a new host) : Plains 35
miles south of Torrance, Aug. 10, 1909, Wooton (determined by
Sumstine) ; Pecos, Aug. 22, 1908, Standley 5191 ; Cedar Hill,
Aug. 15, 1911, Standley ypoo. On Amaranthus blitoides S. Wats. :
Torrance, Aug. ii, 1909, Wooton.

Albugo Candida (Pers.) Roussel

On Sophia incisa (Engelm.) Greene: Eilmore Canyon, Sept.
20, 1908, Standley; Winsor Creek, July 13, 1908, Standley 4340.
On Cheirinia sp. : Range Reserve, Dona Ana Co., May 14, 1913,
Wooton; San Andreas Mts., October, 1914, dEoo'ton.

Albugo Eroelichiae G. W. Wilson

Reported from New Mexico, on Cladothrix lanuginosa Nutt.
{Tidestromia lanuginosa (Nutt.) Standley^) by Wilson.®

Albugo Ipomoeae-panduratae (Schw.) Swingle

On Ipomoea hirsutula Jacq. : Round Mt., above Tularosa, July
22, 1897, Wooton.

4 Jour. Wash. Acad. 6: 70. 1916.

5 Bull. Torrey Club 35: 362. 1908.

Standley: Fungi of New Mexico

145

Albugo Trianthemae G. W. Wilson

On Trianthema Portulacastriim L. : Mesilla Valley, August,
1908, Standley.

The type was collected near Las Cruces by Wooton. The
species is known only from the Mesilla Valley.

Peronospora Lepidii (McAlp.) G. W. Wilson

On Sophia incisa (Engelm.) Greene (a new host) : Placitas,
Aug. 3, 1910, Wooton.

Peronospora parasitica (Pers.) Fries

On Sophia incisa (Engelm.) Greene; Beatty’s Cabin, Aug. 8,
1908, Standley 4842. On Sophia ochroleuca Wooton (a new
host) : Mesilla Valley, 1908, Standley ^886.

Physotheca Halstedii (Farl.) G. W. Wilson

On Ximenesia exauriculata (Rob. & Greenm.) Rydb. : Pecos,
Aug. 21, 1908, Standley 5154; Raton, June 22, 1911, Standley
6309.

Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) De Bary?

On Solanum tuberosum L. (cultivated) : White Mts., Aug. 15,
1908, Wooton. Determined by Sumstine.

SPHAERIALES

(Erysiphaceae determined by Prof. Guy West Wilson, the others
by Dr. C. E. Eairman, unless stated otherwise)

Asterina mexicana Ellis & Ev.

On Agave neomexicana Woot. & Standi.: Queen, July 31, 1909,
Wooton. “ Perithecia surrounded at base by mycelial threads.
Asci abruptly stipitate, 60 X 17-20 [i] or saccate or globose; about
25-30 ju, in diam. Sporidia: upper cell smaller and globose;
lower cell longer and oblong, 24-30 X 10-12 fi. This was orig-

146

Mycologia

inally collected in Mexico, and I do not know whether it has been
found in the States previously to the discovery of this specimen
or not.” (Fairman.)

Auerswaldia Pringlei (Peck) Sacc.

On leaves of Yucca macrocarpa (Engelm.) Coville: Mesa west
of Organ Mts., September, 1908, Standley. “Sporidia uniseriate,
hyaline then yellowish brown, oblong-elliptical, rounded at ends,
27-33 X 12-14 IX.” (Fairman.)

Claviceps purpurea Fr.

On Agropyron Smithii Rydb. : Near Ensenada, Sept. 10, 1914,
Standley & Bollman 112^2. On Elynius canadensis L. : Pecos,
Aug. 25, 1908, Standley 5319.

Dimerosporium Collinsii (Schw.) Thiim.

On Amelanchier oreophila A. Nels.: Brazos Canyon, Aug. 21,
1914, Standley & Bollman 10681. On Amelanchier polycarpa
Greene: Chama, July 9, 1911, Standley 6618.

Erysiphe Cichoracearum DC.

On Lactuca integ7'ata (Gren. & Godr.) A. Nels.: Farmington,
July 20, 1911, Standley 7150. (? Immature.) On Heliopsis

scabra Dunal: Gilmore’s Ranch, Aug. 15, 1897, IVooton. On
Madia gloinerata Hook.: Brazos Canyon, Aug. 31, 1914, Stand-
ley & Bollman 10972. On Chrysotharmms linifolius Greene (a
new host) : Shiprock, Aug. 12, 1911, Standley 7890. On Chryso-
thanmus Vaseyi (A. Gray) Greene (a new host) : Stinking Lake,
Aug. 21, 1911, Standley 8232. On Aster vallicola Greene (a new
host) : Santa Fe, July 23, 1908, Standley 4516. On Erigeroii
subtrinervis Rydb. (a new host) : Brazos Canyon, Sept. 6, 1914,
Standley & Bollman 11168. On Iva xanthiifolia Nutt.: Pecos,
Aug. 20, 1908, Standley 5141. On Artemisia dracunculoides
Pursh (a new host) : Winsor’s Ranch, Aug. 12, 1908, Standley
4894. On Hydrophyilmn Fendleri (A. Gray) Heller (a new
host) : Winsor Creek, July 5, 1908, Standley 4199; Chama, July

Standley; Fungi of New Mexico

147

9, 1911, Standley 66sg; ( ? Conidia) Brazos Canyon, Sept. 8, 1914,
Standley & Bollman 11200. On Mertensia pratensis Heller (a
new host) : Chama, July 9, 1911, Standley 672/j.. On Mertensia
sp. : Brazos Canyon, Aug. 25, 1914, Standley & Bollman lo'jg'p.
( ?) On Phacelia heterophylla Pursh : Beatty’s Cabin, Aug. 8,
1908, Standley 4855.

Reported by Cockerell from Pecos on Verbena Macdougalii
Heller.

Erysiphe Galeopsidis DC.

On Stachys scopulornm Greene (a new host) : Pecos, Aug. 22,
1908, Standley 5196.

Erysiphe graminis DC.

On Poa pratensis L. : Pecos, Aug. 22, 1908, Standley 5/7J.

Erysiphe Polygoni DC.

On Polygonum buxiforme Small (a new host): (? Conidia)
Pecos, Aug. 19, 1908, Standley 5106; Agricultural College, June
28, 1911, Standley 6^88; Placitas, Aug. 3, 1910, Wooton; Farm-
ington, July 18, 1911, Standley 7061. On Polygonum ramosissi-
mum Michx. : Pecos, Aug. 15, 1908, Standley 300^. On Pisum
sativum L. : Pecos, Aug. 22, 1908, Standley 5182. On Glycyr-
rhiza lepidota Nutt. : Pecos, Aug. 20, 1908, Standley 5142. On
Lathyrus leucanthus Rydb. (a new host) : Brazos Canyon, Aug.
30, 1914, Standley & Bollman 1092/.

Erysiphe sp.

On Polemonium molle Greene : Placitas, Aug. 3, 1910, Wooton.
Regarding this collection Prof. Wilson furnished the following
note. “ While E. Cichoracearum would be expected as the most
probable species on this host, the present collection does not be-
long to that species, but appears to be undescribed. As the
ascospores are very immature it does not seem wise to describe
the form as new without further material.”

Besides the specimens of Erysiphaceae listed above, several
packets examined by Prof. Wilson contained nothing but the

148

Mycologia

Oidiuni stage. These are listed here with Prof. Wilson’s sug-
gestions as to the possible perithecial form. Since the present
knowledge of the Erysiphaceae is not sufficient to warrant specific
determinations of the relationships of Oidia, and the perithecia
might prove the suggestions incorrect, the present determinations
are, of course, only tentative.

Erysiphe Polygoni?. On Oenothera procera Wooton & Stand-
ley : Ponchuelo Creek, July 28, 1908, Standley 4585. On Pisum
sativum L. ; White Mts., Aug. 15, 1908, Wooton.

Erysiphe Cichoracearum?. On Grindelia aphanactis Rydb. :
Dulce, Aug. 19, 1911, Standley 8081. On Verbena Macdougalii
Heller: Pecos, Aug. 22, 1908, Standley 51^4.

Uncertain. On Dugaldea Hoopesii (A. Gray) Rydb.: Chama,
July 10, 1911, Standley 6’jp,g. On Hiimulus Lupulus neomexi-
canus Nels. & Cockerell: Pecos, Aug. 25, 1908, Standley 530^.
On Xinienesia exauriculata (Rob. & Greenm.) Rydb.: Mesilla
Valley, Oct. 15, 1905, Wooton.

Microsphaera Symphoricarpi E. C. Howe

On Symphoricarpos rotundifolius A. Gray: Gilmore’s Ranch,
.\ug. 14, 1897, Wooton.

i

Ohleriella neomexicana Earle

The type was collected by Cockerell, Nov. 29, 1901, on “old
whitened woody stems,” at Albuquerque.

Phyllachora Dasylirii Peck

Reported by Cockerell from Soledad Canyon, Organ Mts., on
Dasylirion Wheeleri S. Wats.

Phyllachora graminis (Pers.) Fuckel

On Muhlenhergia neomexicana Vasey: San Andreas Mts., Oct.
6, 1912, Wooton.

Phyllachora Trifolii (Pers.) Fuckel

On Trifolium repens L. : Pecos, Aug. 25, 1908, Standley 52gn.
On Trifolium Eendleri Greene: Pecos, Aug. 19, 1908, Standley

Standley: Fungi of New Mexico

149

5102. On Trifolium Rydhergii Greene: Costilla Valley, Sept.
5, 1913, Wooton.

Physalospora aurantia Ellis & Ev.

On Helianthus fascicularis Greene: Pecos, Aug. 25, 1908,
Standley. Determined by Sumstine.

Plowrightia morbosa (Schw.) Sacc.

This is abundant on Padus melanocarpa (A. Nels.) Shafer,
wherever that species grows. I do not remember having seen it on
any of the other species of Padus but probably it occurs on them
also.

Plowrightia neomexicana Earle

The type was collected by Cockerell, July, 1902, between San
Ignacio and Las Vegas, on dead, withered stems of '' Ampelopsis
quinquefolia (?)” {Parthenocissus vitacea (Knerr) Hitchc.).

PoDOSPHAERA OxYCANTHAE (DC.) De Bary

• On Padus melanocarpa (A. Nels.) Shafer: Placitas, Aug. 3,
1910, Wooton.

Uncinula negator (Schwein.) Burr.

Reported from New Mexico by Salmon (Mem. Torrey Club 9:
100. 1900).

Uncinula polychaeta (Berk. & Curt.) Ellis & Ev.

On Ceitis reticulata Torr. : Filmore Canyon, Organ Mts., Sept.
20, 1908, Standley. Dr. Fairman states that this is a new host
for this beautiful parasite. It is very common upon the hack-
berry trees in the Organ Mountains.

Venturia Dickiei (B. & Br.) Ces. & De N.

On Linnaea americana Forbes : Horsethief Canyon, Pecos Na-
tional Forest, Aug. ii, 1908, Standley 4884. Ellis and Everhart
report this only from New Hampshire and New York. Linnaea
is known in New Mexico only from the collection cited.

150

Mycologia

PEZIZALES
Peziza regalis C. & E.

Mesilla, on an apple tree {Cockerell). Determination by Earle.

PSEUDOPEZIZA Medicaginis (Lib.) Sacc.

On Medicago sativa L. : Pecos, August, 1908, Standley 8056.
Determined by Sumstine. Reported also from Roswell by Cock-
erell.

UREDINALES

Aecidium Abroniae Ellis & Ev.

On leaves of Allionia melanotricha Standley: White Mts., 1897,
IV ooton.

Aecidium Allenii Clinton

On Lepargyrea canadensis (L.) Greene: Beulah, July, 1902,
Cockerell.

Aecidium Cockerellii Arthur, sp. nov.

0. Pycnia unknown.

1. Aecia hypophyllous, in circular groups 1.5 mm. across, cupu-
late, round when free, ellipsoid when crowded sufficiently, o.i to
0.3 mm. in diameter ; peridium pale, margin erect, erose ; peridial
cells rhomboidal, slightly longer than broad, 19-21 by 24-27 /n,
overlapping somewhat, outer wall 7-10 /x thick, smooth, inner wall
1. 5-2. 5 /X thick, closely and finely verrucose; aeciospores angu-
larly ellipsoid, oblong, or globoid, 15-18 by 18-23 /x; wall pale
yellow to colorless, 1.5 /x thick, occasionally thickened to 2 ju, at
angles, closely and very finely verrucose, appearing almost smooth
when wet.

On Solanaceae: CMmaesaracha Coronopns (Dunal) A. Gray,
near Las Vegas, New Mexico, 1899, T. D. A. Cockerell.

Aecidium Compositarum Auct.

On leaves of Dugaldea Hoopesii (A. Gray) Rydb. : Cloudcroft,
July 19, 1899, Wooton; Rio Pueblo, Aug. ii, 1910, Wooton;
Winsor Creek, July 28, 1908, Standley 4581.

Standley: Fungi of New Mexico

151

Aecidium Euphorbiae Am. Auct.

On Tithymalus Chamaesula (Boiss.) Woot. & Standi.: Pine
Cienaga, southwest of the Mogollon Mts., July 17, 1900, W ooton.
On leaves of Tithymalus luridus (Engelm.) Woot. & Standi.:
Tunitcha Mts., Aug. 8, 1911, Standley 7<5jp'.

Aecidium Eurotiae Ellis & Ev.

On Eurotia lanata (Pursh) Moq. : Organ, Sept. 28, 1896, Cock-
erell (Arthur in litt.).

Aecidium Physalidis Burr.

On leaves and stems of Physalis comata Rydb. : Sierra Grande,
June 19, 1911, Standley 6201.

Argomyces ( ?) OxALiDis (Lev.) Arthur

On leaves of lonoxalis violacea (L.) Small: Placitas, Aug. 3,

1910, Woo'ton.

Calliospora Petalostemonis Arthur

The type, on Petal ostemum oligophyllum (Torr.) Rydb., was
collected at Pecos in 1903 by Cockerell.

CoLEOSPORiuM RIBICOLA (C. & E.) Arthur

On leaves of Grossularia leptantha (A. Gray) Cov. & Britt. :
Placitas, Aug. 3, 1910, Wooton; Brazos Canyon, Aug. 27, 1914,
Standley & Bollman 10864. On leaves of Ribes Wolfii Rothr. :
Brazos Canyon, Aug. 26, 1914, Standley & Bollman 108^3.

Cronartium coleosporioides (Diet. & Holw.) Arthur

On leaves of Castilleja linariaefolia Benth. : Duke, Aug. 19,

1911, Standley 8iop; Tunitcha Mts., Aug. 8, 1911, Standley 7823.
On Castilleja Integra A. Gray: Tunitcha Mts., Aug. 8, 1911,
Standley 7823. On leaves of Castilleja confusa Greene: Brazos
Canyon, Aug. 31, 1914, Standley & Bollman 10P84. On leaves
and stems of Castilleja sulphurescens Rydb. : Brazos Canyon,
Sept. I, 1914, Standley & Bollman 11027.

152

Mycologia

Cronartium Comandrae Peck

On leaves and stems of Comandra pallida A. DC.: Tunitcha
Mts., Aug. 8, 1911, Standley 7764; Brazos Canyon, Sept. 10, 1914,
Standley & Bollman ii2^p.

E.vrlea speciosa (Fries) Arthur

(Phragmidium speciosum Fries)

On Rosa pecoscnsis in New Mexico, according to Arthur (N.
Am. FI. 7: 176. 1912). Another New Mexican plant on which
this occurs in Colorado is Rosa Fendleri.

Friosporangium punctato-striatum (Diet. & Neger) Arthur
On Baccharis glutinosa Pers. : Mesilla, June 1897, Cockerell.

Gymnosporangium gracilens (Peck) Kern & Beth.

I. On leaves of Fendlera rupicola Fngelm. & Gray: Organ
Mts., Sept. 28, 1902, Wooton. On leaves and fruit of Fendlera
falcata Thornber: Tunitcha Mts., August, 1911, Standley. On
Philadelphus microphyllus A. Gray: Rito de los Frijoles, August,
1912, Cockerell. On Philadelphus ellipticus Rydb. (=P. argyro-
calyx Wooton) in New IMexico, according to Kern (N. Am. FI.
7: 201. 1912).

III. On Jiiniperus monosperma (Fngelm.) Sarg. : Near Placi-
tas, June 29, 1908, Hedgcock. On Jnniperus pachyphloea Torr.
in New Mexico, according to Kern (1. c.).

Gymnosporangium inconspicuum Kern

I. On Amelanchier Bakcri Greene: Bear Mountain, Sept, i,
1903, Metcalf.

The telial stage is reported from Colorado upon Juniperus
utahensis, a species common in northwestern New Mexico.

Gymnosporangium juvenescens Kern

I. On leaves of Amelanchier mormonica Schneid. : Dulce, Aug.
20, 1911, Standley 8205.

Standley: Fungi of New Mexico

153

The telial stage occurs in Colorado on Juniperus scopulorum
Sarg., a common New Mexican species.

Gymnosporangium Nelsoni Arthur

I. On leaves of Amelanchier oreophila A. Nels. ; Brazos Can-
yon, Aug. 21, 1914, Standley & Bollnian 10662.

III. On Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. ; Brazos Canyon, Aug. 27,
1914, Standley & Bollman 108pp. Reported from Colorado also
upon J. utahensis and J. monosperma, common new Mexican
species.

Hyalopsora Cheilanthis (Peck) Arthur

On Notholaena sinuata Kaulf. : Dark Canyon, Guadalupe Mts.,
Aug. 5, 1909, Wooton. This species is known upon four other
ferns, Ceropteris triangularis, Cheilanthes Pringlei, Cryptogamme
Stelleri, and Pellaea andromedaefolia, none of which occurs in
New IMexico. Apparently it has not been reported before upon
a N otholaena.

Melampsora albertensis Arthur

On leaves of Populus aurea Tidestrom: Brazos Canyon, Aug.
20, 1914, Standley & Bollman 1062/. Reported by Arthur in the
North American Flora only from Alberta.

Melampsora arctica Rostr.

On leaves of Salix Bebbiana Sarg.: Brazos Canyon, Aug. 20,
1914, Standley & Bollman io6go, 10621; a new host. On Salix
Wrightii Anderss. : Mesquite, Aug. 15, 1914, W. A. Archer.

AIelampsora Bigelovii Thiim.

On leaves of Salix amygdaloides AndersS. : Shiprock, Aug. ii,
1911, Standley y866. On leaves of Salix Wrightii Anderss.:
Mesilla Valley, Nov. 15, 1903, Wooton; a new host. On leaves
of Salix Bebbiana Sarg.: Pecos, August, 1908, Standley; Pon-
chuelo Creek, July 30, 1908, Standley 45po. On leaves of Salix
spp.: Tunitcha Mts., Aug. 8, 1911, Standley 7712; Farmington,
July 22, 1911, Standley 7161. Reported by Arthur from other

154

Mycologia

states upon Salix exigiia, S. F endleriana, S. irrorata, S. lasiandra,
S. nigra, S. petrophila, and S. Watsoni, all of which occur in New
Mexico.

Melampsora Lini (Schum.) Desmaz.

On leaves of Linuni Lewisii Pursh : Chama, July 13, 1911,
Standley 68yo.

Melampsora Medusae Thiim.

On Populus Wisliseni (S. Wats.) Sarg. ; Agricultural College,
Sept. 22, 1914, W. A. Archer.

Melampsorella elatina (Alb. & Schw.) Arthur

Reported by Hedgcock as occurring in New Mexico (Mycologia
4: 145. 1912).

Melampsoropsis Pyrolae (DC.) Arthur

On leaves of Pyrola asarifolia Michx. : Winsor Creek, June 29,
1908, Standley 4028. On leaves of Pyrola secimda L. : Winsor
Creek, June 29, 1908, Standley 4029; Brazos Canyon, Aug. 31,
1914, Standley & Bollnian lopyd. Reported upon Moneses uni-
flora, Pyrola chlorantha, and P. elliptica, all of which are found
in New INIexico.

Nyssopsora echinata (Lev.) Arthur

On Ligusticum Porteri Coult. & Rose ; Sandia Mts., August,
1903, Hedgcock 107.

Peridermium coloradense (Diet.) Arthur & Kern

On leaves of Picea Parryana (Andr.) A. Gray: Winsor Creek,
July 28, 1908, Standley 4751; Rio Pueblo, Aug. 10, 1910, Wooton.

Peridermium Ephedrae Cooke®

On stems of Ephedra trifurca Torr. ; Mesa west of Organ Mts.,
Sept. 28, 1902, Wooton 3716; mesa near Las Cruces, July 5, 1897,

6 See Paul C. Standley, A witch’s broom of the desert, Plant World 13 :
61—63. 1909.

Standley: Fungi of New Mexico

155

Wooton 542. On stems of Ephedra Torreyana S. Wats.: Bu-
chanan, Aug. 12, 1909, IV 00 ton. This rust is extremely common
upon Ephedra trifurca in southern New Mexico. Because of its
large size and bright orange color it is very conspicuous. Dr.
Arthur states that no clue to the telial host has yet been obtained.

Phragmidium imitans Arthur

On leaves of Ruhus arizonicus (Greene) Rydb. : Cloudcroft,
Aug. 8, 1899, Wooton; Brazos Canyon, Aug. 31, 1914, Standley &
Bollman loppp.

Phragmidium montivagum Arthur

On leaves of Rosa Fendleri Crep. : Pecos National Forest, 1908,
Standley. On leaves of Rosa sp. : Brazos Canyon, Aug. 20, 1914,
Standley & Bollman 106^8. To be expected in New Mexico on
Rosa Maximiliani, upon which it has been found in Colorado.

Phragmidium occidentale Arthur

On leaves of Rubacer parznflorum (Nutt.) Rydb.: Winsor’s
Ranch, July 4, 1908, Standley 4178; Carrizo Mts., August, 1911,
Standley 7738a.

Phragmidium Peckianum Arthur

On leaves of Oreobatus deliciosus (James) Rydb. : Sierra
Grande, June 19, 1911, Standley 6203. This is the only New
Mexican locality known for this Oreobatus. Phragmidium Peck-
ianum is reported by Arthur from New Mexico also upon Oreo-
batus neomexicanus (A. Gray) Rydb. (N. Am. FI. 7: 165.
1912).

Phragmidium Potentillae (Pers.) Karst.

On leaves of Potentilla strigosa Pall. : Ensenada, Sept. 10, 1914,
Standley & Bollman J1227. The species is reported (from
Maine) upon Potentilla monspeliensis, a species common in New
Mexico.

156

Mycologia

PiLEOLARiA PATZCUARENSis (Holway) Arthur

On Schmaltzia Emoryi Greene in New Mexico according to
Arthur (N. Am. FI. 7: 149. 1912). The only other locality

known for the species is in Michoacan, Mexico, where it occurs
upon S. schmtdelioides (Schlecht.) Greene.

PoLYTHELis Thalictri (Chev.) Arthur

On leaves of Thalictrum Fendleri Engelm. : Tunitcha Mts.,
Aug. 8, 1911, Standley 7744; Chama, July 13, 1911, Standley
6826.

PuCCINIA Absinthii DC.

On Artemisia redolens A. Gray; Cloudcroft, Sept. 17, 1903,
E. W. D. Hoiway {Bartholomew 767). On leaves and stems of
Artemisia silvicola Osterh. : Brazos Canyon, Aug. 27, 1914, Stand-
ley & Bollman 10844.

Puccini A Aristid.ve Tracy

On leaves of Aristida bromoides H. B. K. : San Andreas Mts.,
Oct. 8, 1914, Wooton.

PuCCINIA Artemisiae DC.

On leaves and stems of Artemisia tridentata Nutt. : Dulce, Aug.
19, 1911, Standley 8065; Cedar Hill, Aug. 15, 1911, Standley 7903.
On leaves of Artemisia nova A. Nels.: Duke, Aug. 19, 1911,
Standley 8100. On leaves of Artemisia cana Pursh: Dulce, Aug.
19, 1911, Standley 8083.

PuCCINIA Asparagi DC.

III. On Asparagus officinalis L. : Mesilla, Dec. 28, 1915, W. A.
Archer 20.

PuCCINIA ATRO-FUSCA (Dudley) Holway

On leaves of Carex Douglasii Boott: Winsor’s Ranch, June
20, 1908, Standley 4093.

Standley: Fungi of New Mexico

157

PucciNiA CANALicuLATA (Schw.) Lagcrh.

On leaves of Cyperus esculentus L. : Mesilla Valley, Oct. ii,
1904, Wooton.

Puccini A Cirsii Lasch

On leaves of Cirsium pallidum Woot. & Standi. : Brazos Can-
yon, Sept. 2, 1914, Standley & Bollman On Cirsium un-

diilatum (Nutt.) Spreng. : Sandia Mts., June 2, 1914, Miss C. C.
Ellis. On leaves of Cirsium Wrightii A. Gray ( ?) : Cloudcroft,
Sept. 16, 1903, E. W. D. Hohvay {Bartholomew, N. Am. Ured.
131) (II, III).

PucciNiA Clematidis (DC.) Lagerh.

[Piiccinia Delphinii Diet. & Holw. ; Puccinia Agropyri Ellis &
Ev. ; Puccinia alternans Arthur; Puccinia obliterata Arthur.]

I. On leaves, stems, and sepals of Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt.;
Fresnal, Aug. 6, 1899, Wooton; Pecos, Aug. 25, 1908, Standley;
Placitas, Aug. 3, 1910, Wooton; Tunitcha Mts., Aug. 8, 1911,
Standley 7770; Farmington, July 17, 1911, Standley 68^3. On
leaves of Thalictrum Fendleri Engelm. : Winsor’s Ranch, June
29, 1908, Standley 4007; Chama, July 13, 1911, Standley 6829;
Beulah, July 10, 1962, Cockerell. On Halerpestes Cymbalaria
(Pursh) Greene: Las Vegas, June 7, 1902, Cockerell 43. On
Aquilegia caerulea James: Beulah, June 29, 1909, W. P. Cockerell.

On leaves of Elymus canadensis L. : Agricultural College, June
28, 1911, Standley 6383. On Delphinium Sapellonis Cockerell:
Sapello Canyon, Cockerell.

Puccinia Cressae (DC.) Lagerh.

On leaves of Cressa tru.villensis H. B. K. ; IMesilla Valley, Sept.
25, 1907, Standley; June, 1896, Wooton.

Puccinia Cryptandri Ellis & Barth.

On Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torn) A. Gray: Mesilla, Oct. 7,
I9i5> W. A. Archer 6; Las Vegas Hot Springs {Cockerell) .

158

Mycologia

PucciNiA Ellisiana Thiim.

I. On leaves of Viola pedatifida Don: Sierra Grande, June 20,
1911, Stand ley 6226.

PucciNiA Epilobii-tetragoni (DC.) Wint.

On stems of Epilobhwi adenocladon (Hausskn.) Rydb. : Brazos
Canyon, Sept. 2, 1^4, Standley & Bollman iio§j.

PucciNiA EXTENSICOLA Plowr.

[P. Caricis-Asteris Arthur; P. Caricis-Solidaginis Arthur.]

I. On leaves of Solidago Pitcheri Nutt.: Winter Eolly, Aug.
13, 1899, Wooton. On leaves of Aster laevis L. : Winsor’s Ranch,
July 4, 1908, Standley 4180; Chama, July 14, 1911, Standley 68^8.

PucciNiA Gayophyti (Billings) Peck

On stems of Gayophytum ramosissinum Torr. & Gray: Duke,
Aug. 19, 1911, Standley 8oy^.

PucciNiA Grindeliae Peek

On stems and involucral bracts of Gutierrezia tenuis Greene:
Mesa west of Organ Mts., September, 1908, Wooton & Standley
S86y. On stems and leaves of Gutierrezia sp. : Cactus Flat, July
5, 1906, Wooton. On Grindelia sp. : Santa Fe, 1898, Cockerell.
On leaves of Grindelia aphanactis Rydb. : Nara Visa, Oct. 2, 1907,
W. Belknap; Santa Fe, Oct. i, 1907, A. Boyle. On leaves of
Grindelia subalpina Greene: Raton, June 22, 1911, Standley 632/.

PucciNiA Grossulariae (Pers.) Lagerh.

I. On leaves of Grossularia leptantha (A. Gray) Cov. & Britt.:
Chama, July 9, 1911, Standley 6644; Winsor’s Ranch, July 3,
1908, Standley 4168.

PucciNiA Helianthi Scliw.

On leaves of Helianthus annuus L. : Mesilla Valley, August,
and Sept. 4, 1908, Standley; Agricultural College, June 28, 1911,

Standley: Fungi of New Mexico

159

Standley 6sp2; Tunitcha Mts., Aug. 8, 1911, Standley 7790;
Farmington, July 22, 1911, Standley 7175. On Helianthus cili-
aris DC.: Mesilla, Cockerell; Mesilla Park, May 9, 1915, W. A.
Archer (I) ; Las Cruces, Oct. 27, 1892, Wooton; Albuquerque,
December, 1914, W. A. Long 518s; Brazito, June 15, igi^, Archer
(I, II, III).

PucciNiA hemispherica Peck

On leaves and stems of Lactuca pulchella (Pursh) DC.: Raton,
June 21, 1911, Standley 6yoi (O, I) ; Cedar Hill, Aug. 17, 1911,
Standley 8057 (III).

PucciNiA intermixta Peck

I. On leaves of Iva axillaris Pursh: Las Vegas, June 2, 1900,
T. A. Williams.

PucciNiA Jamesiana (Peck) Arthur

On Asclepias galioides H. B. K. : Gray, July, 1900, Skehan.
On leaves of Asclepias brachystephana Engelm. (I) : Redlands,
Aug. 17, 1909, Wooton. On leaves of Asclepias latifolia (Torr.)
Raf. (I) : Redlands, Aug. 17, 1909, Wooton. On Bouteloua cur-
tipendula (Michx.) Torr.: Filmore Canyon, Organ Mts., Sept. 20,
1908, Standley. Reported (as Ae.cidium Brandegei Peck) from
Las Vegas, on ‘"Asclepias subverticillata (A. Gray) Vail” (ap-
parently A. galioides H. B. K.) by Johnson (Proc. Ind. Acad.
Sci. 1911 : 399. 1912).

PucciNiA Koeleriae Arthur

I. (Aecidium Fendleri Tracy & Earle). On leaves of Ber-
beris Fendleri A. Gray: Winsor’s Ranch, June 30, 1908, Stand-
ley 4078.

PucciNiA LOBATA Berk. & Curt.

On Disella iepidota (A. Gray) Greene: San Andreas Mts.,
Sept. 23, 1912, Wooton. On leaves of Disella hederacea (Dougl.)
Greene: Mesilla Valley, Oct. 15, 1901, Oct. 29, 1903, Wooton.
On leaves of cultivated hollyhocks {Althaea rosea L.) : Mesilla

160

Mycologia

Valley, Sept. 15, 1899, Oct. i, 1904, Wooton; Pecos, Aug. 26,
1908, Standley 5324.

PuCCINIA LUXURIANS Syd.

On Sporoholus airoides Torr. : Brazito, Sept, i, 1915, W. A.
Archer 13.

PucciNiA Menthae Pers.

On leaves of Mentha Penardi (Briq.) Rydb. : Brazos Canyon,
Sept. 3, 1914, Standley & Bollman imp. On leaves of Monarda
stricta Wooton; Brazos Canyon, Aug. 27, 1914, Standley & Boll-
man 10884. Reported by Cockerell from Pecos on the latter host.

PucciNiA MONOiCA (Peek) Arthur

I. On Arabic Fendleri (S. Wats.) Greene: Santa Fe, IMay, 1897,
Heller. On leaves of Arabic oxyphylla Greene: Grass Mt., July
16, 1908, Standley 4368. On “ Draba aurea” : Coolidge, June 20,
1887, Tracy & Evanc. Reported by Cockerell from Las Vegas,
on Sophia incica (Engelm.) Greene.

PucciNiA MONTANENSIS Ellis

[Aecidium Hydrophylli Peck; Aeciditim Phaceliae Peck.]

On some unidentified grass; Albuquerque, Nov. i, 1914, W.
H. Long. On leaves of Hydrophyllurn Fendleri (A. Gray) Heller
(I) : Winsor’s Ranch, July i, 1908, Standley 4128; Beulah, Cock-
erell. On leaves of Phacelia heterophylla Pursh (I) : Winsor
Creek, Aug. 4, 1908, Standley 47 4p; Chama, July 9, 1911, Stand-
ley 66ip; Beulah, Cockerell. On Koeleria crictata (L.) Pers.;
Organ IMts., Eeb. 22, 1914, Arthur & Fromme 3603.

PucciNiA JMuhlenbergiae Arth. & Holw.

(Aecidium Sphaeralccae Ellis & Ev. ; Puccinia tocta Arthur.)

On leaves oi Muhlenbcrgia repcnc (Presl) Hitchc. (Sporoboluc
utilic (Torr.) Scribn.) ; Mesilla Valley, Oct. 15, 1903, Wooton
3731. On leaves of Sporoboluc aeperifoliue (Nees & Mey.)
Thurb. : Mesilla Park, Eeb. 19, 1914, Arthur & Fromme 3304,

Standley: Fungi of New Mexico

161

5055; Agricultural College, June 28, 1911, Standley 6^82; Albu-
querque, December, 1914, W. H. Long 5181. On leaves of
Sphaeralcea lobata Wooton: Agricultural College, June 28, 1911,
Standley 6393; IMesilla, June 19, 1897, Wooton; Pecos, Aug. 22,
1908, Standley 5183. On Disella hederacea (Dougl.) Greene
(Sida hederacea (Dougl.) Torr.) : Hatch, June 22, 1914,
Archer; Mesilla Park, July 13, 1914, W. A. Archer. On Muhlen-
hergia squarrosa (Trin.) Rydb. : Las Vegas, Oct. 5, 1901, Cock-
erell.

The type of Aecidium Sphaeralceae was collected at Las Cruces
on “Sphaeralcea angustifolia Don” (S. lobata Wooton).

PucciNiA OBTECTA Peek

On Setrpus americanus Pers. : Mesilla, Oct. 5, 1915, W. A.
Archer ii.

PucciNiA Philibertiae Ellis & Ev.

The type was collected “ on leaves and follicles of Philibertui
viriflora? Britton and Rusby,” near Las Cruces, Wooton 43.

PucciNiA POCULiFORMis (Jacq.) Wettst.

[P. graminis Pers.]

On leaves of Triticum vidgare L. ; Pecos, Aug. 22, 1908, Stand-
5^7^‘ On leaves of Avena fatna L. : Pecos, Aug. 22, 1908,
Standley 3180. On leaves of Hordenm jnbatum L. ; Pecos, Aug.
25, 1908, Standley 3312. On leaves of Agropyron Smithii Rydb. :
Duke, Aug. 19, 1911, Standley 8oyg.

PucciNiA PSEUDOCYMOPTERI Holway

On leaves and stems of Pseudocymopterus montanus (A. Gray)
Coult. & Rose; Chama, July 10, 1911, Standley 6774; Duke, Aug.
20, 1911, Standley 8i6g; Brazos Canyon, Sept, i, 1914, Standley
& Bollman non.

PucciNiA PUNCTATA Link

On Galium asperrinnim A. Gray: Cloudcroft, Sept. 16, 1903,
E. W. D. Holivay (Syd. Ured. 2037) (Arthur in litt.).

162

Mycologia .

PucciNiA Sherardiana Kom.

On leaves of Malvastruni datum (Baker) A. Nels. ; Pecos,
Aug. 15, 1908, Standley 496^.

PuCCINIA SoRGHI Schw.

On leaves of cultivated maize (a Mexican variety) ; Pecos,
Aug. 25, 1908, Standley 5286.

PucciNiA Sphaeralceae Ellis & Ev.

On Sphaeralcea arenaria Woot. & Standi.: San Andreas Mts.,
Oct. 10, 1914, Wooton. On Sphaeralcea incana Torr. : Organ
Mts., Eeb. 22, 1914, Arthur & Fromme 5608, 5609. On leaves
and stems of Sphaeralcea marginctta York: Farmington, July 18,
1911, Standley yoi8. On leaves of Sphaeralcea lobata Wooton;
Pecos, Aug. 22, 1908, Standley 3184. On leaves and stems of
Sphaeralcea Fendleri A. Gray: Cedar Hill, Aug. 17, 1911, Stand-
ley 8046; Duke, Aug. 20, 1911, Standley 8164. On Disella hed-
eracea (Dougl.) Greene {Sida hederacea (Dougl.) Torr.) : Agri-
cultural College, October, 1915, W. A. Archer 22.

PucciNiA SPLENDENS Vize.

On leaves and stems of Hymenoclea monogyra Torr. & Gray:
Mesa west of Organ Mts., Oct. 6, 1904, Wooton 3793. The
fungus is very abundant upon this shrub in southern New Mexico,
forming great knots upon the branches suggestive of the black
knot of plums and cherries.

PucciNiA Stipae Arthur

I. On leaves of Solidago Pitcheri Nutt.: Gilmore’s Ranch, Aug.
17, 1908, Wooton.

PucciNiA SUBNITENS Dietel

On Salsola pestifer A. Nels.: Mesilla Park, April 25, 1915,
W. A. Archer. On leaves of Sophia incisa (Engelm.) Greene
(I) : James Canyon, June 26, 1899, Wooton. On Chenopodium
album L. : Mesilla Park, April 25, 1915, W. A. Archer (I). On

Standley: Fungi of New Mexico

163

Chenopodium pratericola Rydb. (I) : Mesilla Park, April 25,
1915, Archer. On young plant of Chenopodium Fremonti S.
Wats. (I) : Mesilla Park, April 26, 1915, Archer. On leaves of
Distichlis spicata (L.) Greene: Mesilla Park, Feb. 19, 1914, Ar-
thur & Fromme 5502; Albuquerque, Nov. 9, 1914, W. H. Long
3672; Mesquite Lake, June 14, 1908, Standley 3932; San Antonio,
Oct. 15, 1907, J. D. Tinsley; Farmington, July 17, 1911, Standley
6898. Reported (as Aecidiuni Lepidii Tr. & Gall.) by Cockerell
(Jour. Myc. 10: 51. 1904) from Hagerman, on Lepidium alys-

soides A. Gray.

PuCCINIA TaRAXACI Plow.

On leaves of Taraxacum Taraxacum (L.) Karst.: Chama, July
9, 1911, Standley 6697.

PuCCINIA TUBERCULANS Ellis & Ev.

On leaves of Isocoma heterophylla (A. Gray) Greene: Mesilla
Valley, Oct. 4, 1899, Wooton.

PuCCINIA TUMIDIPES Peck

On leaves of Lycium pallidum Miers: Farmington, July 19,
1911, Standley 7071; Carrizo Mts., July 30, 1911, Standley 7449.

PuCCINIA UNIVERSALIS Arthur

I. On leaves of Artemisia franserioides Greene: Beatty’s Cabin,
Aug. 8, 1908, Standley 4840.

PuCCINIA Veratri Clinton

On leaves of Veratum speciosum Rydb.: Brazos Canyon, Aug.
31, 1914, Standley & Bollman 10946. Reported by Cockerell
from Beulah.

PuCCINIA ViOLAE (Schum.) DC.

On leaves of Viola canadensis L. : Cloudcroft, Aug. 8, 1899,
Wooton. On leaves of Viola nephrophylla Greene: Brazos Can-
yon, Aug. 21, 1914, Standley & Bollman 10651.

164

Mycologia

PuCCINIA Xanthii Schw.

On leaves of Xanthium commune Britton; Mesilla Valley, Oct.
13, 1898, Wooton; Farmington, July 19, 1911, Standley 70^6;
Carrizo Mts., Aug. i, 1911, Standley 7492. Reported by Cock-
erell from Roswell.

PucciNiASTRUM Agrimoniae (Schw.) Tranzj

On Agrimonia striata Michx.: [Las Vegas?] Hot Springs,
Sept. 15, 1896, Holway.

PucciNiASTRUM Myrtilli (Schum.) Arthur

On leaves of Vaccinimn oreophilmn Rydb. ; Brazos Canyon,
Sept. 8, 1914, Standley & Bollman 11199.

PucciNiASTRUM PUSTULATUM (Pers.) Dietel

On Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop.; Brazos Canyon,
Aug. 20, 1914, Standley & Bollman 10635. On leaves and stems
of Epilohium novomexicanum Hausskn. ; Farmington, July 18,
1911, Standley 7045; Brazos Canyon, Aug. 31, 1914, Standley &
Bollman 10947.

Ravenelia mesilliana Ellis & Barth.

The type was collected at Mesilla, Nevy Mexico, on Cassia
baiihinioides A. Gray. The species is known only from this
locality.

Ravenelia versatilis (Peck) Dietel

On Acacia Greggii A. Gray; Rio Gila, Aug. 15, 1902, Wooton
3743. The species is confined, so far as known, to this host and
occurs also in Texas, Arizona, and California.

Tranzschelia punctata (Pers.) Arthur
[Puccinia Pruni-spinosae Pers.]

On cultivated apricots; Mesilla Valley, June, 1908, Wooton.

Standley: Fungi of New Mexico

165

Uredinopsis Pteridis Diet. & Holw.

On Pteridium aquilinum pubescens Underw. : Brazos Canyon,
Aug. 21, 1914, Standley & Bollman io6g>2. Arthur, in the North
American Flora, reports the species from California, Washing-
ton, and Florida.

Uromyces albus Diet. & Holw.

I. On leaves of Vida americana Muhl. : Sierra Grande, June
20, 1911, Standley 62ig; Winsor’s Ranch, July 8, 1908, Standley
4256; Chama, July 13, 1911, Standley 6825.

Uromyces appendiculatus (Pers.) Fries

On leaves and fruit of Phaseolus vulgaris L. (cultivated) :
Mesilla Valley, Oct. 10, 1905, Wooton. Reported by Arthur (N.
Am. FI. 7: 258. 1912) from New Mexico on Strophostyles sp.

Uromyces Archerianus Arthur & Fromme

III. On Chloris elegans H. B. K. : Mesilla Park, March 22,
1915, W. A. Archer.

Uromyces Astragali Sacc.

On Astragalus Wootoni Sheld. : Mesquite Lake, June 14, 1908,
Standley 3931; Range Reserve, Dona Ana Co., May 14, 1913,
Wooton. On Astragalus sp. : Las Vegas, June 2, 1900, T. A.
Williams. Reported by Arthur from Colorado or Arizona on
the following hosts, all of which are found in New Mexico:
Oxytropis Lamherti, Astragalus amphioxys, A. Bigelovii, A. cras-
sicarpus, A. mollissimns, and A. Thurheri.

Uromyces compactus Peck

On Leucosyris spinosus (Benth.) Greene: Brazito, Sept, i,
1915* Archer 3 (I) ; Brazito, October, 1915, Archer 24

(III).

166

Mycologia

Uromyces Eriogoni Ellis & Hark.

On leaves of Eriogontim racemosum Nutt. ; Tunitcha Mts.,
Aug. 8, 1911, Standley 77 S7; Dulce, Aug. 20, 1911, Standley 8221;
Chama, July ii, 1911, Standley 6814. Reported by Arthur from
other states on the following species which occur in New Mexico:
Eriogonum cernnum, E. ejfusnm, and E. lonchophylhim.

Uromyces Fabae (Pers.) De Bary

On leaves of Lathyrus leucanthus Rydb. : Dulce, Aug. 20, 1911,
Standley 8170; Brazos Canyon, Aug. 20, 1914, Standley & Boll-
man 106^6. On leaves and stems of Vida americana Muhl. :
Dulce, Aug. 20, 1911, Standley 8182; Brazos Canyon, August,
1914, Standley & Bollman 10667, iop86. The species may be
looked for in New Mexico on the following hosts upon which it
occurs elsewhere: Lathyrus arizonicus and L. decaphyllus.

Uromyces Gentianae Arthur

On all chlorophyll-bearing parts of Amarella heterosepala
(Engelm.) Greene: Brazos Canyon, Sept. 3, 1914, Standley &
Bollman iio8p. The species is reported from Colorado on Ama-
rella strictiflora and may be expected in New Mexico on the same
host.

Uromyces Glycyrrhizae (Rab.) Magn.

On leaves and stems of Glycyrrhiza lepidota Nutt.: Mesilla
Valley, Wooton; Agricultural College, June 28, 1911, Standley
6^p8; Pecos, Aug. 15, 1908, Standley 4p6g; Cedar Hill, Aug. 16,
1911, Standley 8oop; Taos, Aug. 9, 1910, Wooton.

Uromyces hyalinus Peck

On leaves and stems of Sophora sericea Nutt. : Mesilla Valley,
Tune 12, 1900, Wooton 37^6; Mesilla Park, May 31, 1914, W. A.
Archer. Reported from Las Vegas by Cockerell.

Standley: Fungi of New Mexico

167

Uromyces Limonii (DC.) Lev.

I. On Limonium limhatum Small: Roswell, June, 1899, J. D.
Tinsley; south of Tularosa [Cockerell). In the North America'n
Flora this is not reported from the region between California and
Mississippi.

Uromyces IMedicaginis Pass.

On leaves of Medicago sativa L. : Chamberino, Oct. 16, 1907,
/. H. Bruce. The species should be found in New Mexico on
Medicago lupulina, since it occurs elsewhere on that host.

Uromyces mysticus Arthur

On leaves of Hordeum jubatum L. : Farmington, July 22, 1911,
Standley 7172 (II); Shiprock, Aug. 12, 1911, Standley 7884.
Reported in the North American Flora only from Colorado and
Utah.

Uromyces occidentalis Dietel

On leaves of Lupinus ammophilus Greene: Duke, Aug. 20,
1911, Standley 82^4; a new host. On leaves of Lupinus Kingii
S. Wats.: G O S Ranch, 1911, J. M. Holzinger.

Uromyces plumbarius Peck

On all chlorophyll-bearing parts of Gaura induta Woot. &
Standi. : Pecos, Aug. 22, 1908, Standley 5176; Duke, Aug. 19,
1911, Standley 8102; Farmington, July 22, 1911, Standley 7173.
This species is reported from Colorado upon Gaura glabra Lehm.,
but the host is probably rather Gaura induta. Uromyces plum-
barius occurs in other states upon Gaura coccinea, G. parvifiora,
G. villosa, Pachylophus hirsutus, and P. inacroglottis, and should
be sought in New Mexico upon the same hosts. It may be ex-
pected to occur also upon some of our Oenotheras, for it is found
elsewhere on O. biennis.

Uromyces proeminens (DC.) Pass.

On leaves of Chamaesyce serpyllifolia (Pers.) Small: Farm-
ington, July 22, 1911, Standley 7160; Cedar Hill, Aug. 16, 1911,

168

Mycologia

Standley 8014 (III). Silver City Draw, July i, 1906, Wooton
3720. On leaves of Chamaesyce glyptosperma (Engelm.) Small:
Dulce, Aug. 20, 1911, Standley 8163. On Chamaesyce stictospora
(Engelm.) Small: San Andreas Mts., Oct. 6, 1912, Wooton; a
new host. On leaves of Zygophyllidiuni bilobatum (Engelm.)
Standley: Santa Rita, Aug. i, 1911, J. M. Holzinger; a new host.
To be expected in New Mexico upon the following hosts upon
which it is reported elsewhere : Chamaesyce albomarginata, C.
Fendleri, C. Geyeri, C. lata, C. petaloidea, C. serpens, Dichrophyl-
lum marginatum, and Poinsettia dentata.

Uromyces Psoraleae Peck

On leaves and stems of Psoralea micrantha A. Gray: Dulce,
Aug. 19, 1911, Standley 8o6g.

Uromyces Rudbeckiae A. & H.

On leaves of Rudbeckia laciniata L. : Brazos Canyon, Aug. 25,
1914, Standley & Bollman 10818.

Uromyces Silphii (Burrill) Arthur

On Junctis longistylis Torr. : Costilla Valley, Sept. 6, 1913,
Wooton. On Juncus interior Wiegand: McKinney’s Park, So-
corro Co., Aug. 23, 1903, Metcalfe.

Uromyces speciosus Holway

The type was collected by Holway at Clolidcroft, New Mexico,
on “ Prasera rnacrophylla.” Examination of a portion of the
type collection forwarded to the writer by Dr. Arthur shows that
the host is Prasera speciosa Dough

Uromyces Tranzschelii Syd.

On leaves of Tithymalus sp. : Near Fairview, July 18, 1904,
Wooton.

Uropyxis Amorphae (M. A. Curt.) Schrot.

On Amorpha nana Nutt.: [Las Vegas?] Hot Springs, Sept. 13,
1896, E. W. D. Holzvay {Bartholomew 772'). On Amorpha call-

Standley: Fungi of New Mexico

169

fornica Nutt: Las Cruces, Oct. 27, 1892, Wooton; west of Ros-
well, Aug. 30, 1900, Earle Z77- species occurs elsewhere on

Amorpha canescens and may occur in New Mexico on that host.

Uropyxis Petalostemonis (Farl.) De Toni

II. On stems and leaves of Petalostemum oUgophyllum (Torr.)
Rydb. : Pecos, Aug. 15, 1908, Standley 4p6o. To be expected in
New Mexico upon P. pnrpureuni, since it is reported from other
states upon that host.

Uropyxis sanguinea (Peck) Arthur

On leaves of Odostemon repens (Lindl.) Cockerell: Chama,
July 10, 1911, Standley 6767; Winsor’s Ranch, June 30, 1908,
Standley 4085; Duke, Aug. 20, 1911, Standley 8181 ; Brazos Can-
yon, Aug. 30, 1914, Standley & Bollman iops7-

Uropyxis Wootoniana Arthur

II, III. On leaves of Odostemon haematocarpus (Wooton)
Heller:' Organ Mts., Dec. 23, 1903, Wooton (type); Filmore
Canyon, Organ Mts., Nov. 9, 1908, Wooton; Queen, Aug. i, 1909,
Wooton. The species might well be expected on a closely re-
lated species occurring in New Mexico, Odostemon Fremontii.

USTILAGINALES

(Determined by Dr. G. P. Clinton, unless otherwise noted)

CiNTRACTiA Caricis (Pers.) Magn.

On Carex sp. : Winsor’s Ranch, July 3, 1908, Standley 4161;
Chama, July 10, 1911, Standley 6778.

Entyloma australe Speg.

On Physalis neomexicana Rydb. : Pecos, Aug. 19, 1908, Stand-
ley 5100. Determined by Sumstine.

170

Mycologia

Entyloma Compositarum Farl.

On Bidens tenuisecta A. Gray (a new host) : Pecos, Aug. 19,
1908, Standley 5opy. Determined by Wilson.

SOROSPORIUM CONSANGUINEUM Ellis & Ev.

On Aristida sp. : Mesa west of the Organ Mts., Oct. 6, 1904,
IVooton 2794. Dr. Clinton states that the spores are larger than
in the type ; consequently the determination is somewhat doubtful.

SOROSPORIUM CONTORTUM Griff.

On Heteropogon contortus (L.) Beauv. : Agricultural College,
Oct. 5, 1904, Wooton; mesa west of Organ Mts., Oct. 15, 1904,
Wooton 2791. Reported previously only from Arizona and from
Jalisco, Mexico.

Thecaphora deformans Dur. & Mont.

On Astragalus Wootoni Sheld. : Range Reserve, Dona Ana Co.,
May 14, 1913, Wooton; a new host. Reported from adjacent
states upon Astragalus bisulcatus, A. Drummondii, A. Nuttal-
lianus, and A. missouriensis, all of which occur in New Mexico.

Tilletia asperifolia Ellis & Ev.

On Sporobolus asperifolius (Nees. & Mey.) Thurb. : Ojo Ca-
liente, Zuni Reservation, July 28, 1904, IVooton.

Tolysporella ( ?) Nolinae Clinton

On Nolina microcarpa S. Wats.: Near San Luis Pass, south-
western corner of New Mexico, June 21, 1906, Wooton. Re-
ported previously only from the type locality, the Rincon Mts.,
Arizona.

Urocystis Agropyri (Preuss) Schrot.

On Elymus canadensis L. : Ojo Caliente, Zuni Reservation, July
28, 1904, Wooton. Reported by Clinton (N. Am. El. 7: 58.
1906) from New Mexico on Agropyron occidentale (=A. Smithii
Rydb.).

Standley: Fungi of New Mexico

171

Urocystis Anemones (Pers.) Wint.

Reported from New Mexico on Pulsatilla hirsutissima (Pursh)
Britton by Clinton (N. Am. FI. 7: 55. 1906).

UsTiLAGO Avenae (Pers.) Jens.

On Avena saliva L. : Shiprock, Aug. ii, 1911, Standley 7870,
in part; Ponchuelo Creek, July 30, 1908, Standley 4592.

UsTiLAGO BROMivoRA (Tul.) Fisch. de Waldh.

On Bromus polyanthus Scribn. : Pecos, Aug. 25, 1908, Stand-

^ey 5317-

UsTiLAGO Buchloes Ell. & Tracy

The type (on Bulbilis dactyloides) was collected at Coolidge
(now known as Guam), New Mexico. The species is reported
also from Nebraska.

USTILAGO CALCARA Griff.

The type was collected at Roswell, New Mexico, May 4, 1903,
on Bouteloua breviseta Vasey. The species is reported only
from this state.

UsTiLAGo Hieronymi Schrot.

On Bouteloua eriopoda Torr. : East of Dona Ana Mts., Sept.
6, 1908, Wooton; mesa west of Organ Mts., Oct. 25, 1904,
Wooton. On Bouteloua breviseta Vasey: Roswell, according to
Griffiths (Bull. Torrey Club 31 : 87. 1903 ; Clinton, N. Am. FI. 7 :
13, 1906). Also reported by Clinton (1. c.) from New Mexico on
Bouteloua oligostachya (= B. gracilis (H. B. K.) Lag.). The
species occurs in adjacent regions on Bouteloua curtipendula
(Michx.) Torr., B. aristidoides (H. B. K.) Griseb., B. barbata
Lag., Dasyochloa pulchella (H. B. K.) Willd., and Pappophorum
Wrightii Munro, all of which are found in New Mexico.

172

Mycologia

UsTiLAGO Hilariae ElHs & Tracy

On Hilaria mutica (Buckl.) Benth. : East of Dona Ana Mts.,
Sept. 6, 1908, Wooton. The type was collected at Albuquerque,
New Mexico, on Hilaria Jamesii (Torr.) Benth.

UsTiLAGO Hordei (Pers.) Kellerm. & Swingle.

On cultivated barley: Mora, Aug. ii, 1910, Wooton.

UsTiLAGO HYPODYTEs (Schlecht.) Fries

On Stipa Vaseyi Scribn. : Pecos, Aug. 22, 1908, Standley yiSp;
Raton Mts. (Griffiths, Bull. Torrey Club 31: 86. 1903). On
Distichlis spicata (L.) Greene; Roswell (Griffiths, op. cit. 87.
1903). Reported from adjacent states on Oryzopsis hymenioides
(R. & S.) Ricker and Sporobolus cryptandnis (Torr.) A. Gray,
two grasses abundant in New Mexico.

UsTiLAGO LEVIS (Kellerm. & Swingle) Magn.

On Avena sativa L. : Shiprock, Aug. ii, 1911, Standley p8yo,
in part; Pecos, Aug. 19, 1908, Standley 50/y; Farmington, July
18, 1911, Standley 7051.

UsTiLAGO Muhlenbergiae P. Henn.

The type was collected at [Las Vegas?] Hot Springs, New
Mexico, on “ Muhlenhergia Pringlei.” That species is not known
to occur in New Mexico. The same smut is reported from Ari-
zona on Muhlenbergia Portcri Scribn., a species common in New
Mexico.

UsTiLAGO Zeae (Beckm.) Unger.

On cultivated maize: Pecos, Aug. 25, 1908, Standley gzSj.

AGARICALES

Agaricus campestris L.

Reported by Cockerell from Pecos.

Standley: Fungi of New Mexico

173

Claudopus nidulans (Pers.) Peck

On spruce log: Brazos Canyon, Sept. 2, 1914, Standley & Boll-
man iio^p. Determined by Murrill.

CoPRiNUS ATRAMENTARius (Bull.) Fries

Reported from Pecos by Cockerell.

CoPRiNUS MiCACEUs (Bull.) Fries

Reported from Pecos by Cockerell.

CoRiOLUs ABiETiNus (Dicks.) Quel.

On spruce log: Brazos Canyon, Sept. 7, 1914, Standley & Boll-
man 11184. On dead fir: Brazos Canyon, Aug. 30, 1914, Stand-
ley & Bollman io8pj. Determined by Murrill.

CoRiOLus LiMiTATus (Berk. & Curt.) Murrill

[Trametes limitata Berk. & Curt.]

The type is said to have been collected in New Mexico by
Bigelow. It may, however, have come, from Arizona, as Bigelow
did not distinguish the two states.

CORIOLUS VERSICOLOR (L.) Qucl.

Lookout Mine, Sierra Co., June 14, 1904, 0. B. Metcalfe.
Determined by Murrill.

Fomes Ellisianus F. W. Anders.

Reported from New Mexico by Murrill (N. Am. FI. 9: 98.
1908). It grows upon living branches of Lepargyrea argentea
(Nutt.) Greene.

Hypholoma pecosense Cockerell

The type was collected at Pecos, June, 1903, by Dr. M. Grab-
ham.

POLYPORUS ARCULARius (Batsch) Fries

Reported from Pecos by Cockerell.

174

Mycologia

Pyropolyporus Earlei Mur rill

The type was collected by Earle, August, 1900, on “ a standing
trunk of Juniperus,” in the Capitan Mts.

Pyropolyporus igniarius (L.) Murrill

Collected in New Mexico by Earle (probably in the Capitan
Mts.) according to Murrill (Bull. Torrey Club 30: iii. 1903).

Pyropolyporus praerimosus Murrill

The type was collected by Earle, July, 1900, “on Quercus un-
dulata,” in the Capitan Mts., at an altitude of 2100 meters.

SXROPHARIA STERCORARIA Fries

A specimen so determined by Mrs. F. W. Patterson was col-
lected at Pecos by Cockerell.

LYCOPERDALES

Battarea laciniata Underw.

The type was collected at Mesilla Park by Cockerell.

Chlamydopus clavatus Speg.

Three collections from Las Cruces and Mesilla Park are re-
ported by White (Bull. Torrey Club 28: 437. 1901).

Cyathia hirsuta (Schaeff.) White

Brazos Canyon, Aug. 26, 1914, Standley & Bollman
Determined by Murrill.

Geaster floriformis Rit.

Reported from Las Vegas Hot Springs by Cockerell.

Geaster hygrometricus Pers.

Reported from Soledad Canyon, Organ Mts., by Cockerell.

Standley: Fungi of New Mexico

175

Tylostoma fimbriatum Fries

White (Bull. Torrey Club 28: 434. 1901) reports a specimen

collected in New Mexico by Wright. The collection may have
come from New Mexico, or it may have been collected in Ari-
zona, Sonora, Chihuahua, or western Texas, for many of Wright’s
plants labeled “New Mexico” came from those four states.

Tylostoma gracile White

The type was collected at Las Cruces by Wooton.

Tylostoma pedunculatum (L.) Schrot.

Reported from New Mexico (3 collections without specific
localities) by White (Bull. Torrey Club 28: 429. 1901).

SPHAEROPSIDALES

(Determined by Dr. David R. Sumstine, unless otherwise noted.)

Ampelomyces quisqualis Cesati

On Erysiphe Cichoracearum on Mertensia sp. : Brazos Canyon,
Aug. 25, 1914, Standley & Bollman lO'pg'p. On Erysiphe Cichorace-
arum? on Phacelia heterophylla Pursh: Beatty’s Cabin, Aug. 8,
1908, Standley. Determined by Wilson.

Darluca filum (Biv.) Cast.

Las Vegas {Cockerell). Determined by Earle.

Didymaria Clematidis Cooke & Hark.

On Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt: Ensenada, Sept. 3, 1914, Stand-
ley & Bollman iioyS. Determined by Wilson.

Phoma Lupini Ellis & Ev.

On Lupinus aduncus Greene: Tunitcha Mts., Aug. 8, 1911,
Standley jSsj. Determined by Fairman.

176

Mycologia

Phyllosticta Atriplicis Desm.

On Chenopodium album L. : Pecos, Aug. 15, 1908, Standley
5024.

Phyllosticta cruenta Tr.

On Vagnera aniplexicauUs (Nutt.) IMorong; Winsor Creek,
Aug. 4, 1908, Standley 4751.

Phyllosticta Symphoricarpi Wint.?

On Symphoricarpos oreophilus A. Gray: Brazos Canyon, Aug.
30, 1914, Standley & Bollman 10Q28 (immature).

Septoria emaculata Peck & Clinton
On Lathyrus decaphyllus Pursh : Pecos, August, 1908, Standley.

Septoria Pisi Westd.

On Pisuni sativum L. : Pecos, Aug. 22, 1908, Standley 518^.
Determined by Wilson.

Septoria Polygonorum Desm.

On Polygonum buxiforme Small: Pecos, Aug. 21, 1908, Stand-
ley 5157-

Septoria Ribis Desm.

On Ribes inebrians Lindl. : Duke, Aug. 19, 1911, Standley
8097.

Septoria Rudbeckiae Ellis & Hark.

On Ratibida columnifera pulcherrima (DC.) Woot. & Standi.:
Pecos, Aug. 25, 1908, Standley 529^.

MONILIALES

(Determined by Dr. David R. Sumstine.)

Cladosporium herbarum (Pers.) Link

On Dugaldea Hoopesii (A. Gray) Greene: Chama, July 10,
1911, Standley 6761. On Quercus sp. : Brazos Canyon, Aug. 31,

Standley; Fungi of New Mexico

177

1914, Standley & Bollnian iop88. On Lepargyrea canadensis
(L.) Greene: Brazos Canyon, Aug. 31, 1914, Standley & Boll-
man iop8/.

Macrosporium Solani Ell. & Mart.

On cultivated canteloupe: Mangas Springs, Aug. ii, 1902,
IV 00 ton.

Microstroma album (Desm.) Sacc.

On Quercus sp. : Durfey’s Well, July 19, 1904, Wooton 3744.

Microstroma Juglandis (Bereng.) Sacc.

On Juglans major (Torr.) Heller: 10 miles north of Her-
mosa, July 15, 1904, Wooton 3749.

PoLYTHRiNciUM Trifolii Kunze

On Trifolium repens L. : Near Ensenada, Sept. 3, 1914, Stand-
ley & Bollnian 11082.

Ramularia decipiens Ellis & Ev.

On Rumex crispus L. : Pecos, Aug. 25, 1908, Standley 5300.

Ramularia Grindeliae E. & K.

On Grindelia aphanactis Rydb. : Pecos, Aug. 25, 1908, Standley
5302.

Ramularia sambucina Peck

On Samhucus microbotrys Rydb. : Beatty’s Cabin, Aug. 8, 1908,
Standley 4841.

Trichothecium roseum Fries

Reported by Cockerell from Mesilla, on dead wood of Sam-
hucus mexicana Presl.

Tubercularia vulgaris Tode

Reported by Cockerell from Placita, near Las Vegas, on Padus
melanocarpa (A. Nels.) Shafer.

United States National Museum,

Washington, D. C.

NOTE ON WESTERN RED ROT IN PINUS
PONDEROSA

W. H. Long

In the National Forests of Arizona and New Mexico, a vary-
ing percentage of the trees of western yellow pine {Finns pon-
derosa) is affected by a heart-rot, known locally as “ red heart,”
“ red rot,” “ gray rot,” “ top rot,” and “ heart rot.” The amount
of this rot present varies materially with the exposure, slope, and
soil on which the yellow pine is growing, as well as with the age
of the timber itself.

This heart-rot is called in this paper “ western red rot ” in order
to distinguish it from the true “ red heart ” or “ red rot,” a very
similar heart-rot common in many species of conifers. True
“red rot” or “ring scale” is caused by Trametes pini, while
“ western red rot ” is produced by an entirely different fungus.

Western red rot has three stages in its development; (i) An
initial stage in which the affected heartwood is firm but shows
reddish to dark brown discolored areas; (2) an intermediate
stage in which the diseased heartwood is whitish or gray in color
and is more or less delignified; and (3) a final stage in which
much of the heartwood has disappeared due to the absorption of
the delignified portions, while the wood particles left are brittle
and easily crumble when handled.

The fungus which causes “ western red rot ” never forms brown,
woody, perennial fruiting bodies on the boles of living affected
pine trees as Trametes pini does, but forms annual fruiting bodies
which usually develop as white encrusting layers on the underside
of logs. However, fruiting bodies have been found which have
distinct and well-formed pilei. The pileate form of the fungus
resembles very closely Polyporus Ellisianus {Tyromyces Ellisi-
anns of Murrill in North American Flora) and is probably this
species.

t

178

Long; Western Red Rot in Pinus ponderosa 179

Western red rot is exceedingly common throughout the western
yellow pine regions of Arizona and New Mexico. Specimens
of the fungus have also been examined from Vermont, New
Jersey, Washington, and Idaho, while a photograph of the rot in
western yellow pine has been seen from South Dakota. It is
therefore highly probable that the fungus is widely distributed
throughout the western states and to a limited extent at least in
the northeast.

The western red rot fungus enters the living tree through the
heartwood of dead branches in the crown. It first attacks the
sapwood of the dead branch, then the heartwood ; it then travels
down the dead branch into the heartwood of the living tree.

In order to throw some light on the presence of western red rot .
in western yellow pine and its probable influence on the rotation
period, studies were conducted on certain areas in the Santa Fe
National Forest, N. Mex., where both tie trees and sawtimber
were being cut. These areas were especially suitable for a study
of this character, since an unusually large percentage of the black
jack (30 to 50 per cent.) and nearly all of the yellow pine (85 to
100 per cent.) were being cut. A marked difference was found
in the percentage of black jack (young western yellow pine be-
fore it reaches the age of 125 to 150 years) and of yellow pine
affected by western red rot on these areas. Of 1815 felled mer-
chantable black jacks examined, only 29 or 1.59 per cent, had
this rot, while out of 563 yellow pines, 77 or 13.6 per cent, were
attacked by it. The above data show that during the black jack
period, the trees are practically free from western red rot but as
they grow older, the increasing number of dead branches make
them more subject to the attacks of the fungus.

On the areas examined, western yellow pine trees up to 125 to
150 years old were rarely attacked by western red rot, while trees
over 200 years old showed a much higher percentage of rot than
the younger trees (black jack). It therefore follows that a short
rotation will be better for the future health of the forest as far
as heart rots are concerned than a long one. It is a fundamental
fact that the older a tree is, the more liable it is to be attacked by
heart-rotting fungi.

180

Mycolcgia

It was also found that western yellow pine trees growing on
very thin soil, on steep south or east slopes where growth condi-
tions are poor have a higher percentage of western red rot than
trees situated where the growth conditions are good.

Office of Investigations in Forest Pathology,

Bureau of Plant Industry,

Albuquerque, N. Mex.

INTERNAL UREDINIA^

J, F, Adams 1

(With Plate i86, Containing 2 Figures)

The spores of the Uredinales are developed usually in sori just
below the cuticle or epidermal layer and are liberated by early
rupturing or by the weathering away of the overlying tissue in
the case of some resting spores. There are deviations from this
development in certain resting spores which are sometimes buried
singly in the host tissues which are dependent for liberation also
upon the weathering away of the overlying tissues. Exception to
the usual development of sori has been reported by Wolf, Reddick,
Edgerton, and others.

Internal aecia were first reported by Wolf* in Puccinia angus-
tata Peck upon Lycopus virginicus L., as appearing in the younger
tissues of the stem or petiole, being similar in origin, structure,
size, and form to those which are erumpent at maturity. Atkinson
and Edgerton* have observed Nigredo Caladii ( Schw.) Arth. ( Uro-
myces Caladii Earl.) to form internal cluster cups in Peltandra
virginica (L.) Kunth and Reddick* has observed them in the fruits
of barberry.

Internal uredinia of Dicaeoma poculiforme (Jacq.) Kuntze
{Puccinia graminis Pers.) liberating the urediniospores into the
interior of the hollow stem of rye have been observed by Red-
dick.* Another aberrant case has been found in the production
of internal uredinia of Nigredo caryophyllina (Schrank.) Arthur
(Uromyces caryophilinus Schroter) in the leaves of Dianthus
caryophyllus L. Specimens of the rust-infected leaves were col-
lected from plants growing in the greenhouse of the Pennsylva-
nia State College. The leaves are succulent and are favorable

1 Contribution from the Department of Botany, Pennsylvania State College,
No. 4.

2 Wolf, F. A., Internal Aecia, Mycologia, Vol. V, No. 6.

181

182

Mycologia

for wide ramification of the rust mycelium. In many instances,
the uredinia are found to rupture on opposite surfaces of the
leaves and under such conditions internal uredinia were found in
the central portion of the mesophyll and occurred as well-devel-
oped sori with mature spores. In some instances they were ob-
served to develop adjacent to the bundle tissues.

The mycelium of the internal sori was abundant and could be
traced easily to the subepidermal sori. The internal sori appear
somewhat spherical and the mycelium produces rather a pseudo-
parenchymatous layer crowding the adjacent cells of the meso-
phyll. In some sections, pockets or masses of mycelium were
found which evidently were immature sori. The matured spores
were similar in size and color to those produced subepidermally.

Since the development of the uredinial stage is supposed to
be subepidermal as a rule, this deviation seems worthy of note.
Such a deviation from the usual method probably represents an
abnormal rather than a typical condition. In this species the de-
velopment of the internal uredinia is favored by the abundant
mycelium from the upper and lower subepidermal sori and by
the texture of the leaf which allows wide ramification of the rust
mycelium.

State College, Pa.

Mycologia

Plate CLXXXVI

H

Jfnv

CROSS SECTION OF CARNATION LEAF WITH THREE INTERNAL
SORT ONE OF WHICH IS ENLARGED IN THE LOWER FIGURE

NOTES AND BRIEF ARTICLES

Mr. A. S. Rhoads, assistant in forest botany at Syracuse Uni-
versity, visited the Garden April 20-23 to consult the collection
of Polyporaceae in the mycological herbarium.

Mr. C. C. Hanmer, of East Hartford, Connecticut, has sent in
a very interesting specimen of Russula flava Romell collected by
him at Kineo, Maine, in August, 1911. The specimen grew alone
beneath a log covered with clusters of Armillaria mellea and one
of the “ shoestring cords ” of this fungus came in contact with
the moist upper surface of the Russula and developed a tiny
hymenophore of the Armillaria, which in the dried state is nearly
2 cm. high. Spores from the Armillaria clusters fell plentifully
upon the Russula and the stipe of the young Armillaria was partly
imbedded in the surface of the Russula, strongly suggesting to Mr.
Hanmer at first glance that it had developed in some unusually
rapid way from one of these spores. A tiny bit of black “ cord ”
projecting from the base of the young stipe tells' the story. It
might be interesting to students to follow this up with a few ex-
periments.

The subject of edible mushrooms has become very popular of
late and many inquiries have been received regarding reliable lit-
erature. It can now be stated that there is in press and very soon
to appear a large colored chart and a descriptive handbook con-
taining the principle edible and poisonous species of fungi found
in America. It is hoped that much safe and useful information
will be disseminated by means of this long desired publication.

A New Species of Colus from Pennsylvania
Colus Schellenbergiae Sumstine, sp. nov.

Volva dark-brown, smooth, globose, 2-3 cm. in diameter, break-
ing at maturity into several irregular segments ; receptaculum

183

184

Mycologia

stipitate, the stipitate portion cylindric, hollow, reticulate-pitted,
white below, orange-colored above, slightly enlarged upward, di-
viding into three arms ; arms arched outward, united at the apex,
transversely wrinkled, cylindric or sometimes compressed so as
to appear triquetrous, orange-colored, attenuate upward, 3-6 cm.
long; gleba dark-green, borne on the inner side of the arms,
foetid ; spores hyaline, ellipsoid-ovoid, 4. 5-5. 5 X 2-2.5.

Growing in the yard of Mrs. F. F. Schellenberg, Pittsburgh, Pa.,
July, 1915. Type specimens have been deposited in the Carnegie
Museum, Pittsburgh, Pa., and in the New York Botanical Garden.
Plants developed from eggs removed from the ground had very
long arms, but the stipitate portion of the receptaculum was very
short. The description of Coins javanicus Penzig agrees in a
general way with my plants. The former are smaller. I do not
have access to the original description, and Saccardo in the Sylloge
does not give the color of C. javanicus, so I have not been able to
compare the two species with respect to color.

David R. Sumstine.

Review of Kniep’s Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Hymeno-

MYCETEN, IIP

Kniep in his previous reporP on the question of the origin of the
binucleated cells in the Basidiomycetes mentioned the appearance
of small bodies in the clamp connections which appeared to him
to be disintegrating nuclei. In his present paper he makes these
indefinite bodies the basis of a new theory in explanation of how
the binucleated cells in the Basidiomycetes arise. In accordance
with his new view, he accepts the fact that the binucleated cells
arise before the anlage of the carpophore is formed. While his
previous observations are correct, he now interprets them as ab-
normalities. The present article deals with a cytological study
of Corticium varians sp. nov. and Corticium serum Pers. These
species have a single nucleated spore and the nucleus divides after
the spore germinates. A young mycelial cell has but a single
nucleus but at the time a clamp connection is formed the nucleus

1 Kniep, Hans, Bot. Zeit. 7 : 369-398, pi. 2, fig. i-20.

2 Kniep, Hans, Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Hymenomyceten I, II. Bot.
Zeit. 5: 594-637, Pl- 2-4, f- I- 1913.

Notes and Brief Articles

185

divides. Kniep holds that the clamp is budded from the mycelial
cell at some point between the two nuclei. So soon as the clamp
is sufficiently large one of the nuclei moves into it while the other
comes to lie near its base. Conjugate division of the nuclei now
takes place. The daughter nuclei arrange themselves so that two
non-sister nuclei move to the apical portion of the cell, one re-
mains in the basal portion while the fourth is left in the clamp
connection. Kniep finds that the cross wall of the mother cell
does not appear until after the clamp has budded out and that it is
formed directly below the origin of the clamp connection. Later
a second wall appears at the base of the clamp separating it from
the apical cell. The result of these processes is a binucleated
apical cell, a uninucleated basal cell, and the clamp with a small
nucleus. Fusion of the basal cell and the clamp connection now
takes place and the nucleus of the clamp connection passes into
the basal cell. Thus making the basal cell also binucleated.
When a branch is formed, practically the same sequence of
phenomena occurs. One nucleus remains in the mother cell, the
other migrates to the new branch and a clamp connection is
formed between them. In old mycelial cells fusion of the clamp
connection and the basal cell takes place quite regularly. Kniep
found this peculiar type of conjugate division also in Panus stip-
ticus, Clitocybe flaccida, and Polyporus destructor, but unfortu-
nately he gives no figures in spite of the fact that these forms have
been studied by other cytologists who failed to find such divisions.

Kniep also takes up the question of the phylogenetic significance
of the clamp connection. Kniep claims that the binucleated my-
celial cells are the homologues of the ascogenous hyphae. He
also contends that the penultimate cell of the ascogenous hyphae
is the homologue of the apical mycelial cell, and the clamp con-
nection is the homologue of the end cell in an ascogenous hypha.
The question that naturally suggests itself is: Does the apical
mycelial cell of the Basidiomycetes become the basidium as the
penultimate cell becomes the ascus in the Ascomycetes? Kniep
claims to have traced the hyphae in a number of forms and found
that there is a clamp connection between every two adjacent
binucleated cells and there is likewise a clamp connection at the
base of each basidium. But in Lactarius piperatus Scop., Tricho-

186

Mycologia

loma imbricatum Quel., and Amanitopsis vaginata Roze, no such
clamp connections appear. According to Harper (Bot. Gaz.
1902), there are no clamp connections between the basidia and the
subhymenial cells in Hypochnus siibfilis and Coprinus ephemerus.
Buller (Researches on Fungi, 1909) figures no clamps at the
bases of the basidia in a number of Coprinus species. My own
studies on Coprinus micaceus, C. ephemerus^ and C. stercorarius
(unpublished) fail to show clamp connections on the basidia of
these forms. In over twenty species of Boleti (Bull. Torr. Club,
1913) no clamp connections were observed on the basidia. Yates’s
figures of his histological studies of certain Boletaceae (Univ.
Calif. Publ. 1916) also show no clamp connections.

Kniep fails to trace the hyphae in the trama and to tell definitely
whether or not he found clamp connections in these hyphae.
Kniep’s theory of the clamp cell is not supported by sufficient evi-
dence and it still remains to trace out the origin and the history
of the binucleated hyphae through to the basidia. This un-
doubtedly will clear up many questions on the morphology of the
higher Basidiomycetes. Michael Levine.

A Very Dangerous Mushroom

The poisonous mushroom described below was brought to me
for critical examination on May i, 1916, by Mrs. Rufus Hatch,
of Pelham Manor, New York. It grew plentifully in her mush-
room beds the past winter, almost to the exclusion of the com-
mon cultivated mushroom, and was eaten by Mrs. Hatch and
four members of her household with nearly fatal results. A full
description of the effects will be published; but it is considered
important to send out a warning immediately that poisonous
mushrooms may apparently develop from commercial spazvn and
that grozvers must be careful to eat or sell from their mushroom
beds only the common mushroom zvith zvhite cap and pink gills,
Agaricus campester.

Panaeolus venenosus sp. nov.

Pileus thick, fleshy, hemispheric when very young, sometimes
hatshaped, at length expanded, cespitose, 3-5 cm. broad ; surface

Notes and Rrtef Articles

187

moist, slightly viscid when very young, hygrophanous, bay be-
coming fulvous or isabelline according to age and moisture condi-
tions, glabrous, smooth on the umbo, rugose and folded on the
broad rim when in the hat-like stage ; margin entire to lobed, not
projecting, smooth, entirely free from fibrils or remnants of a
veil, incurved when young, marked with a water-soaked, dark-
fulvous zone about 3 mm. broad ; context white or slightly yel-
lowish, very thick at the center and very thin toward the margin,
the odor and taste resembling that of the common mushroom ;■
lamellae squarely adnate, without sinus or decurrent tooth, plane,
somewhat semicircular in shape, at least when young, inserted,
fuliginous, gray or whitish on the edges, not distinctly marbled,
purplish-fuliginous when viewed from below, of medium dis-
tance, about 8 mm. broad ; spores ellipsoid or ovoid, somewhat
pointed or narrowed at both ends, black, smooth, opaque, 11-13
X 7-8.5 fi ; cystidia not found ; stipe thick, fleshy, sometimes equal
but often much enlarged upward, whitish or rosy-isabelline,
not polished, longitudinally striate at the apex, whitish, pruinose
above, whitish-tomentose below, conspicuously hollow, 6-10 cm.
long, 5-10 mm. thick.

Type collected by Mrs. Rufus Hatch in her mushroom beds at
Pelham Manor, New York, May i, 1916 (herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.).

At first sight, the specimens suggested the genus Psilocybe,
since the gills were purplish-brown and the margin did not pro-
ject beyond them; but the spore-print proved to be black and
the spores typically those of the genus Panaeoliis. The species
is aberrant and might be placed in a different group or subgroup
with species like Panaeoliis digressus Peck and Panaeoliis acidus
Sumstine. Other species of Panaeoliis have been considered
somewhat poisonous, but apparently none have exhibited such
poisonous properties as this.

W. A. Murrill.

INDEX TO AMERICAN MYCOLOGICAL
LITERATURE

Anderson, H. W. A new leaf spot to Viola cucullafa. Proc. In-
diana Acad. Sci. 1914: 187-190. 1914.

Appel, 0. International phytopathology. Phytopathology 6 :
55-63. 9 F 1916.

Arthur, J. C. A Gymnosporanginm with repeating spores. Am.

Jour. Bot. 3 : 40-45. f. i. 5 F. 1916.

Arthur, J. C. Uredinales of Porto Rico based on collections by
F. L. Stevens. Mycologia 7: 315-332. N 1915; 8: 16-33.
Ja 1916.

Includes 17 new species in Puccinia (i), Uredo (15), and Aecidittm (:).

Barrus, M. F. Observations on the pathological morphology of
stinking smut of wheat. Phytogathology 6: 21-28. /. 1-3. 9

F 1916.

Bartram, H. E, A study of the brown rot fungus in northern
Vermont. Phytopathology 6: 71-78. 9 F 1916.

Bartram, H. E. Effect of natural low temperature on certain
fungi and bacteria. Jour. Agr. Research 5: 651-655. 3 Ja

1916.

Brooks, A. B. Chestnut blight and its control in West Virginia.
Bien. Rep. West Virginia State Crop Pest Comm, i : 90-94.
f. 20. S 1914.

Brown, H. B., & Ranch, E. M, Forage poisoning due to Clavi-
ceps Paspali on Paspalum. Mississippi Agr. Exp. Sta. Tech.
Bull. 6; 1-35. /. i~i8. E 1915.

Cook, M. T. The pathology of ornamental plants. Bot. Gaz. 61 :
67-69. 15 Ja 1916.

Coons, G. H. Factors involved in the growth and the pycnidium
formation of Plenodomus fnscomaculans. Jour. Agr. Research

5: 713-769- 17 Ja 1916.

Crabill, C. H. Note on the white spot of alfalfa. Phytopath-
ology 6; 91-93. /. 1,2. 9 F 1916.

Crabill, C. H. & Thomas, H. E. Stippen and spray injury.
Phytopathology 6: 51-54. 9 F 1916.

188

Index to American Mycological Literature 189

Dodge, B. 0. Fungi producing heart-rot of apple trees. Myco-
logia 8: 5-15. pi. i'/3-i‘p6. 21 Ja 1916.

Fromme, F. D. Violet root rot of alfalfa in Virginia. Phyto-
pathology 6 : 90. 9 F 1916.

Gassner, G. Die Getreideroste und ihr Auftreten im subtropi-
schen dstlichen Siidamerika. Centralb. Bakt. Zweite Abt. 44 :
305-381. 28 Au 1915.

Giddings, N. J., & Berg, A. Apple rust. West Virginia Agr.

Exp. Sta. Bull. 154: 1-73, pi. i-io. Au 1915.

Giddings, N. J., & Berg, A. New or noteworthy facts concerning
apple rust. Phytopathology 6: 79, 80. 9 F 1916.
Grossenbacher, J, G. Some bark diseases of Citrus trees in Flor-
ida. Phytopathology 6; 29-50. /. i-g. 9 F 1916.

Giissow, H. T. Mordecai Cubitt Cooke. Phytopathology 6 : 1-4.
pi. I. 9 F 1916.

Hall, J. G. “ Fire blight ” of pear and apple. Washington Agr.

Exp. Sta. Pop. Bull. 56: [1-8.] /. 1-4. II S 1913.

Harter, L. L. Sweet-potato scurf. Jour. Agr. Research 5; 787-
792. pi. 57, 58. 24 Ja 1916.

Monilochaetes infnscans.

Heald, F. D., & Woolman, H. M. Bunt or stinking smut of wheat.

Washington Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 126: 1-24. /. j-5. N. 1915-
Hedgcock, G. G. Identity of Peridermitim montanum with Peri-
dermium acicolum. Phytopathology 6: 64-67. 9 F 1916.

Jones, L. R., & Bartholomew, E. T. Apple rust and its control
in Wisconsin. Wisconsin Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 275 : 3-30. /.
1-T4. J1 1915.

Jones, L, R., & Gilman, J. C. The control of cabbage yellows
through disease resistance. Wisconsin Agr. Exp. Sta. Research
Bull. 38; 1-70. /. 1-23. D 1915.

Ludwig, C. A. Continuous rust propagation without sexual re-
production. Proc. Indiana Acad. Sci. 1914: 219-230. 1914.

Meinecke, E. P. Peridermium Harknessii and Cronartium quer-
cuum. Science II. 43 : 73. 14 Ja 1916.

Hunger, T. T. Parch blight on Douglas fir in the Pacific north-
west. Plant World 19: 46, 47. F 1916.

Murrill, W. A. Illustrations of fungi. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Card.
17: 7-^3- Ja 1916.

190

Mycologia

Murrill, W. A. Index to Illustrations of Fungi I-XXII. Myco-
logia 8: 47-51. 21 Ja 1916.

Murrill, W. A. A new family of Flymenomycetes. Mycologia
8 : 56. 21 Ja 1916.

Porotheliaceae.

Murrill, W. A. A new genus of resupinate polypores. Myco-
logia 8; 56, 57. 21 Ja 1916.

Nowell, W. Fungoid and bacterial diseases. West Indian Bull.

15: 133-143- 1915-

O’Gara, P. J. A fungus of uncertain systematic position occur-
ring on wheat and rye. Science II. 43 : 1 1 1, 1 12. 21 Ja 1916.

O’Gara, P. J. A Phonia disease of western wheat-grass. Science
II. 43: no, III. 21 Ja 1916.

O’Neal, C. E. Some species of Nummularia common in Indiana.

Proc. Indiana Acad. Sci. 1914; 235-249. pi. 1-4. 1914.

Pierce, R. G., & Hartley, C. Horse-chestnut anthracnose. Phy-
topathology 6 : 93. 9 F 1916.

Pipal, F. J. Oat smut in Indiana. Proc. Indiana Acad. Sci.
1914: 191-196. 1914.

Potter, A. A. The control of experimental conditions in phyto-
pathological research. Phytopathology 6; 81-88. 9 F 1916.

Robbins, W. W., & Reinking, 0. A. Fungous diseases of Col-
orado crop plants. Colorado Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 212: 1-54.
pi. i-ip. O 1915.

Rosenbaum, J. Disease of ginseng. Cornell Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull.
363: 65-106. /. 1-18. O 1915.

Seaver, F. J. North American species of Ascodcsmis. Myco-
logia 8: 1-4. pi. 172. 21 Ja 1916.

Ascodesniis porcina sp. nov. is described.

Shear, C. L., & Stevens, N. E. The discovery of the chestnut-
blight parasite (Endothia parasitica) and other chestnut fungi
in .Japan. Science II. 43: 173-176. 4 E 1916.

Stakman, E. C. Spore germinations of cereal smuts. Minne-
sota Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 133: 1-52. pi. 1-25. J1 1913.
Stewart, A. Notes on the anatomy of Peridermimn galls. Am.

Jour. Bot. 3: 12-22. pi. I. 5 F 1916.

Stewart, V. B. The leaf blotch disease of horse-chestnut. Phy-
topathology 6: 5-19. pi. 2~4-\-f. I. 9 F 1916.

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MYCOLOGIA

IN CONTINUATION OF THE JOURNAL OF MYCOLOGY

Pounded by W. A. Kellerman, J. B. Bllis,and B. M. Everhart in 1885

EDITOR

WILLIAM ALPHONSO MURRILL

Vol. VIII— JULY, 1916— No. 4

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HOWARD J. BANKER
GIACOMO BRBSADOLA
^ FREDERIC E. CLEMENTS
' JOHN DEARNESS

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BRUCE PINK
ROBERT A. HARPER
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FRED J. SEAVER
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ki PUBLISHED BIMONTHLY FOR

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CONTENTS

rAGB

Illustrations of Fungi — XXIV - William A. Murrill iqi
Photographs and Descriptions of Cup-fungi — III. Peziza
domiciliana and Peziza repanda - Fred J. Seaver 195
Notes on the Myzomycetes of the Curtis Herbarium.

William C. Sturgis 199

Basidiomycetes Collected in Indo-China by C. B. Robinson

Paul W. Graff 214

Pleurotus, Omphalia, and Collybia Published in North
American Flora - - William A. Murrill 218

Notes and Brief Articles 222

Index to American Mycological Literature - - - 227

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Mycologia

Plate CLXXXVII

ft

ILLUSTRATIONS OF FUNGI

MYCOLOGIA

VoL. VIII July, 1916 No. 4

ILLUSTRATIONS OF FUNGI— XXIV

William A. Murrill

The species figured on the accompanying plate all belong to the
genus Lactaria, which has been monographed, so far as the North
American species are concerned, by Dr. Gertrude S. Burlingham.
The drawings were made by Miss Eaton from specimens col-
lected in or near New York City. For descriptions of the five
species of Lactaria previously figured in this series, see Myco-
logia 3 : pi. 49, 6 : pi. 1^2, and 7 : pi. 160, 16^. The writer is in-
debted to Dr. Burlingham for generous assistance with this article.

Lactaria atroviridis Peck
Dark-green Lactaria

Plate 187. Figure i. X i

Pileus fleshy, nearly plane, soon depressed at the center, 6-10
cm. broad ; surface olivaceous, azonate, dry, scabrous-hairy, some-
times cracking into small areas, margin involute, at length spread-
ing to uplifted; context compact, white; latex white, staining the
lamellae green after some time, acrid ; lamellae whitish, becoming
mottled with green, especially where injured, sometimes forking
near the stipe, crowded, adnate to slightly decurrent, rather nar-
row; spores creamy-white, subglobose, echinulate, 7-8/1.; stipe
colored like the pileus or paler, spotted, equal, dry, glabrous, firm,
soon hollow, 2-5 cm. long, 1-2 cm. thick.

Very rare in deciduous woods from New York to the District
of Columbia. The specimens figured were collected by Dr. W. S.

[Mycologia for May, 1916 (8: 121-190), was issued May 23, 1916.]

191

192

Mycologia

Thomas at Plandome, Long Island, September 15, 1912. The
color of fresh specimens somewhat resembles that of Russula
virescens, but the surface is darker green and both pileus and stipe
are spotted, glabrous to the unaided eye, reticulate-appressed-fibril-
lose under a lens. The lamellae are white, becoming olivaceous
in spots ; the latex at first mild, slowly becoming decidedly acrid.

Lactaria hygrophoroides Berk. & Curt.

Lactaria distaus Peck
Distant-gilled Lactaria

Plate 187. Figure 2. X i

Pileus fleshy, convex, then plane, depressed at the center, some-
times becoming infundibuliform, 4-10 cm. broad; surface yel-
lowish-bufif, bistre, or fulvous, azonate, dry, very minutely
pruinose-velvety, appearing as though pulverulent, sometimes
rugose, sometimes rimose-areolate ; margin involute, then spread-
ing or uplifted ; context firm, whitish, odorless, edible ; latex
white, unchanging, not staining the flesh or lamellae brownish,
mild ; lamellae whitish to cream-colored or yellowish-buflf, not
discoloring where injured, not forking, distant, sometimes con-
nected by rugose elevations, adnate to slightly decurrent, about 3
mm. broad ; spores white, globose to broadly ellipsoid, minutely
echinulate, 8-10 /x in diameter ; stipe of the same color as the
pileus, nearly equal, glabrous, sometimes pruinose, stuffed and
firm, 2-5 cm. long, 0.5-1. 5 cm. thick.

On the ground in mixed woods throughout most of the eastern
United States, but not so abundant as Lactaria lactiflua, which it
much resembles. Its bright colors, velvety' surface, distant gills,
and lack of odor should distinguish it. The flesh is of good flavor
and edible ; the latex white, unchanging, mild, and very abundant.
Lactaria luteola and Lactaria, suhvelutina are other closely related
species. The poisonous Lactaria rufa is bay-red to rufous and
very acrid.

Lactaria testacea sp. nov.

Pale-brick-colored Lactaria
Plate 187. Figure 3- X 1

Pileus convex to expanded, deeply depressed at the center, soli-
tary, 7 cm. broad; surface distinctly viscid, glabrous, smooth.

Murrill: Illustrations of Fungi

193

slightly zonate, testaceous to ferruginous-orange; context rather
thin, white, somewhat acrid ; lamellae narrow, adnexed, many
times inserted, of medium distance, cream-colored ; latex not ob-
tained, either from context or lamellae, but the latter became
stained as though a latex were present ; spores subglobose to
broadly ellipsoid, echinulate, hyaline, 7~9l*- stipe subcylin-

dric, glabrous, smooth, white, suffused with dark-cremeous stains,
solid, white within, 4 cm. long, 14 mm. thick.

Type collected on the ground in deciduous woods near the New
York Botanical Garden in September, 1911, by W. A. Murrill.
Not found since.

Lactaria maculosa sp. nov.

Mild-flavored Spotted Lactaria

Plate 187. Figure 4. X i

Pileus convex to subexpanded, decidedly depressed at the cen-
ter, reaching 10 cm. broad ; surface smooth, glabrous, somewhat
viscid, blotched or spotted, avellaneous-isabelline ; context rather
thick, white, unchanging, mild ; lamellae adnate, arcuate, narrow,
inserted, crowded, dull-whitish to rosy-isabelline ; latex white,
becoming slightly yellow on exposure, perfectly mild ; spores glo-
bose or subglobose, strongly echinulate, hyaline, 8-10 /x in diam-
eter ; stipe short, sharply tapering downward, similar to the pileus-
in color and surface markings but with more white intermixed,,
hollow, white within, except at the base, where it is lilac-tinted,.
5 cm. long, 2 cm. thick.

Type collected on the ground in woods near the New York Bo-
tanical Garden, September 7, 1911, by W. A. Murrill. Found!
only once. In general appearance this species resembles Lactaria:
maculata, but the latex of the latter is acrid and unpleasant.

Lactaria torminosa (Schaeff.) Pers.

Woolly Lactaria

Plate 187. Figure 5. X i

Pileus fleshy, convex, depressed at the center, finally nearly
infundibuliform, 4-10 cm. broad; surface pale-pinkish-yellow or
pale-ochroleucous or ochraceous tinged with incarnate, often
zoned with deeper color, sometimes nearly white and azonate,
viscid when wet, glabrous at the center; margin involute at first,
then merely deflexed, persistently covered with long, white tomen-

194

Mycologia

turn; context firm, white, not changing color, poisonous; latex
white, unchanging, very acrid; lamellae whitish or cream-yellow
tinged with pale-incarnate, some forking near the stipe, crowded,
decurrent, thin, 5 mm. broad ; spores hyaline, broadly ellipsoid,
echinulate, uniguttulate, 8-10 X 6-8 /x; stipe paler than the pileus,
sometimes faintly spotted with yellow, equal or tdpering down-
ward, glabrous or pruinose, smooth, stuffed, becoming hollow,
3-7 cm. long, 2 cm. or less thick.

Not uncommon in deciduous or coniferous woods from Maine
to Alabama and west to Colorado. The specimens figured are
rather small, but they serve to illustrate the chief characters of
the species, which should be readily recognized by its persistently
woolly margin and very acrid taste. It differs from L. cilicioides
in being azonate with tomentose disk and white to flesh-colored
tinged with fuscous. In the raw state, this species causes pain-
ful gastro-intestinal disturbance in man, but the poison is said
to be destroyed by heating. Ford has studied its action on
animals and has demonstrated that it can produce an acute intoxi-
cation with only a few of the characteristic muscarin symptoms.

New York Botanical Garden.

PHOTOGRAPHS AND DESCRIPTIONS OF
CUP-FUNGI— III. PEZIZA DOMICILIANA
AND PEZIZA REPANDA

Fred J. Seaver

(With Plates i88 and 189, Containing 4 Figures)

The above species of fungi, on account of their superficial re-
semblance, have been frequently confused. Indeed there might
be some difference of opinion as to whether the two represent
different species or only forms of the same species whose differ-
ences are due entirely to the difference of habitat.

Pesisa domiciliana was originally described by Cooke from
specimens found growing on the walls, ceilings, and floors of a
house which had been partly destroyed by fire. The specific name
is a very appropriate one, since, from our own observations, the
species usually occurs about the cellars of houses and in caves.

The species was first encountered by the writer in Iowa, where
it was found growing in the basement of one of the college build-
ings at Iowa Wesleyan University. There it grew on piles of
damp coal-dust which had been left over from the winter’s supply.
The plants were described and illustrated in Iowa Discomycetes
under the name of Pesisa repanda Pers.

The species was next found in the basement of tbe museum
building of the New York Botanical Garden where the ground
was kept moist by the drip from an ice-box. The plants grew
on sandy or gravelly soil, as indicated by the particles adhering
to the base of the apothecia.

On March 10, 1914, the writer received still other specimens
from Mr. Carl A. Schwarze, of the New Jersey Agricultural Ex-
periment Station. These plants, which were found growing in
the sand of a cutting bench in one of the greenhouses, were ac-
companied by the following description : “ First of all the plants
were gregarious, had a short but distinct stem, cups concave,
nearly white and translucent when young, a yellowish-brown

195

196

Mycologia

when old, later becoming repand and umbelicate, and more or
less angular. The stem is obscured by the expanding disc. The
largest disc became convex and measured at least lo cm.”

In April of the same year, similar specimens were collected by
Mr. L. O. Overholts in a mushroom cellar in Missouri. These
specimens, which were referred to the writer, were accompanied
by the following description : “ Cups 3-8 cm. broad, somewhat
stipitate, margin involute, depressed in the center, hymenium
smooth, ochraceous-buff (Ridgw.) or somewhat more brownish,
exterior covered with white meal.”

All of the American specimens referred to above agree well
with specimens of Peziza domiciliana from the herbarium of
Cooke, so far as we can judge from dried specimens. According
to Cooke, the apothecia are sessile, although in our American
specimens they are, at least when young, short-stipitate. Also we
have not noted any of the violet tints referred to by Cooke,
although in his original description he allows for a rather liberal
range of color. The spore measurements of the American and
European specimens are identical. The young plants are always
pure-white and usually the flesh when broken turns golden-yellow.
This fact was noted by Bresadola and was found to be true of
specimens collected in New York. Whether this character is
constant, we are unable to say, since no attention was given to
this in some of the plants when fresh. From the studies which
have been made, the writer feels safe in referring our American
plants to Peziza domiciliana Cooke, and also in regarding this
species as distinct from Peziza repanda Pers.

Peziza repanda was described by Persoon, the original descrip-
tion being accompanied by an excellent colored figure. Although
the species was originally reported on the ground by Persoon,
subsequent authors have usually reported them on rotten logs.
Whether Persoon’s species actually grew on soil which was un-
mixed with wood it is impossible to determine, although it is not
difficult to believe that the species might grow on either. Aside
from this incident, Persoon’s description and illustration fits the
plants which are usually referred to this name. The following
descriptions and illustrations will give a fair idea of our concep-
tion of the two species.

Seavsr: Descriptions of Cup-Fungi

197

Peziza domiciliana Cooke, Gardener’s Chronicle 41 : 793. 1877

?Octospora varia Hedw. Descr. 2 : 22. 1788.

Peziza Adae Sadler; Cooke, Trans. Bot. Soc.. Edinburgh, 13 : 45.
1877.

Peziza odorata Peck, Bull. Torrey Club 23 : 420. 1896.

Peziza varia f. typica Bres. Fungi Trid. 2: 75. 1898.

Apothecia gregarious or occasionally cespitose, usually short-
stipitate when young, at first concave, soon becoming repand,
leaving a depression in the center, at first rounded, becoming
irregular and often decidedly angular, externally white, the mar-
gin entire or occasionally splitting, reaching a diameter of 10 cm.,
the substance when broken often turning golden-yellow ; hy-
menium at first concave, becoming plane or convex and distinctly
umbilicate, at first white, becoming dingy buff or brownish ; stem
not exceeding i cm. in length, thick, irregular, white, becoming
obsolete with age ; asci cylindric or subcylindric, reaching a length
of 225 or 250 /X and a diameter of 15/^; spores ellipsoid, hyaline
when young, often containing two small oil-drops, 13-15X8-10
/a; paraphyses slender, septate, slightly enlarged above.

In cellars, mushroom-caves, and occasionally in greenhouses,
usually growing on plaster, sand, gravel and coal-dust.

Type LOCALITY : Europe.

Distribution : New York to Iowa and Missouri.
Illustration: Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 13: pi. 3, /. a-4;
Cooke, Mycographia, pi. P7, /. S4p; Bres. Fungi Trid. pi. 188;
Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa 6: pi. 75, f. 2 (as Peziza
repanda Pers.).

Peziza repanda Pers. Ic. Piet. Fung. 49. 1806

Peziza pallidnla Cooke & Peck ; Cooke, Bull. Buffalo Acad. Sci. 2 :
288. 1875.

Peziza repanda amplispora Cooke & Peck ; Cooke, Bull. Buffalo
Acad. Sci. 2 : 288. 1875.

Peziza amplispora Cooke, Mycographia 167. 1877.

Aleuria repanda Gill. Champ. Fr. Discom. 43. 1879.

Peziza Stevensoniana Ellis; Rehm Ascom. Lojk. 3. 1882.

Geopyxis pallidula Sacc. Syll. Fung. 8 : 70. 1889.

198

Mycologia

Geopyxis amplispora Sacc. Syll. Fung. 8: 71. 1889.

Discina repanda Sacc. Syll. Fung. 8; 100. 1889.

Pile aria repanda Rehm ; Rab. Krypt.-Fl. i® ; 1007. 1896.

Pustularia Stevensoniana Rehm; Rab. Krypt.-Fl. i® : 1019. 1896.

Peziza varia f. lignicola Bres. Fungi Trid. 2:76. 1898.

Apothecia sessile or very short-stipitate, at first cup-shaped, the
margin even or crenate, externally white or whitish, expanding
and becoming repand, the margin remaining entire or splitting,
regular in outline or irregularly revolute, reaching a diameter of
8-10 cm. ; stem short, stout, usually only a few mm. long or en-
tirely wanting : hymenium concave, becoming plane or convex, pale-
brown, becoming darker with age, even or convolute ; asci cylindric
or subcylindric, reaching a length of 225 and a diameter of 12-
15 /A ; spores ellipsoid, hyaline, smooth, 14-16 X 8-10 /x ; paraphyses
slender, slightly enlarged above, yellowish or brownish.

On rotten logs or occasionally on soil or chip piles.

Type locality: Europe.

Distribution: New York to Iowa and Maryland; also in
Europe.

Illustration: Pers. Ic. Piet. Fung. pi. 20, f. 2; Cooke, Myco-
graphia pi. 62, f. 240; Bres. Fungi Trid. pi. i8p; Minn. Bot.
Studies 4 : pi. 15 ; Minn. PI. Diseases f. 64.

New York Botanical Garden.

Mycologia

Plate CLXXXVIII

PEZIZA DOMICILIANA Cooke

Mycologia

Plate CLXXXIX

PEZIZA REPANDA Pek=.

: ' '*• if

NOTES ON THE MYXOMYCETES OF THE
CURTIS HERBARIUM

William C. Sturgis

The Curtis Herbarium possesses a unique interest for Ameri-
can taxonomists by reason of the fact that very many of the speci-
mens are almost certainly co-types of species published by Berke-
ley. The only element of uncertainty in this respect is the rather
remote possibility that more than one species may have been
present in the same original gathering; but in the case of the
Myxomycetes this is so remote as to be practically negligible, and
we may feel certain that in examining the specimens of this group
in the Curtis Herbarium we are dealing in many cases with mate-
rial used by Berkeley in describing his species. Some of the
specimens appear to be now in better condition than the cor-
responding material in the Berkeley herbarium at Kew. In
the Curtis collection the specimens show only too plain evi-
dence of having been brushed over, at some time, with an alco-
holic solution of corrosive sublimate, and Miss Lister informs me
that the same is true of the Berkeley specimens. Notwithstand-
ing this treatment, however, most of the specimens are still fairly
recognizable, and although Miss Lister’s observations on the ma-
terial at Kew and in the British Museum are of the utmost possi-
ble accuracy, a carefully annotated examination of the corre-
sponding material in America may not come amiss to future
students. This is the more desirable in that every examination
entails a certain degree of loss of material, and though this loss
may be partly compensated for by the preparation of permanent
microscopic mounts, most observers, lacking any careful notes on
the minute details of a specimen, prefer to secure such details for
themselves from the actual specimen rather than to depend alto-
gether upon a microscopic mount. Hence the depletion gradually
proceeds to the vanishing point — a deplorable result where val-
uable type-material is concerned.

Through the courtesy of Dr. W. G. Farlow, I have been per-

199

200

Mycologia

mitted during the past eighteen months to spend as much time as
seemed necessary upon a most careful study of every specimen
of the Myxomycetes in the Curtis herbarium. The following
notes are the result. As will be seen, most of the specimens re-
ferred to are of species published under the authority of Berkeley,
Curtis, or Ravenel either separately or in collaboration. Of the
125 species contained in the collection, 39 come under this head.
There are, however, a dozen or more Schweinitzian species repre-
sented by specimens from the Schweinitz herbarium, and there-
fore of special interest. In recording these notes, I have followed
the order in which the specimens occur in the Curtis herbarium
as at present arranged. The labels and such notes thereon as are
of value, I have copied precisely as they stand, except that in
certain cases where Curtis has transcribed the name incorrectly,
I have used the correct form.

“ Didvmium chrysopeplum B. & C. (1202) ad fol; dej : ma-
dida. June. Society Hill, S. C.”

Through a clerical error Curtis writes chrysoseplon.” The
specimen is in wretched condition, but the white, calcareous stalk,
small conical columella, and the “ peridio globoso, exteriore fur-
furacea fulvo ” of the original description, are characters appli-
cable only to Physarum melleum (B. & Br.) Mass. The spores
in the Curtis specimen are pale brown, almost smooth, 7.3-8.4/a
diam.

“ 226. Didymium columbinum B. & C. Venezuela coll.
Fendler.”

This name was never published by Berkeley ; but Rostafinski
(Monog., App., p. 13) refers to this Venezuelan specimen and
calls it Tihnadoche columhina (Berk.). Miss Lister states (in
litt. 6/21, ’15) that she has no doubt that this specimen is Physa-
rum compactum (Wing.), basing her judgment on the very slen-
der capillitium and the absence of a columella. Of the Curtis
specimen little remains except a number of white stalks with
chalky fracture, and the remnants of a delicate, persistent capil-
litium with small rounded lime-knots ; the violet-brown spores are
minutely and irregularly spinulose and measure 8.5-10.5/1 diam.
Under the circumstances, the absence of a central ball of lime in

Sturgis : Myxomycetes of Curtis Herbarium 201

the remnants of the capillitium is easily explained, and the refer-
ence of the specimen to P. compactum seems fully justified.
Such being the case, however, it is evident that the name Physarum
columbinum (Rost.) takes precedence of Physarum compactum
(Wing.).

“Didymium curtisii Berk. (1179) ad gram: & herb: viv: in
Savannis. July, 1847. Society Hill, S. C.”

As stated by Lister, this is typical Badhamiariibiginosa (Chev.)
Rost. The dark, rather strongly spinulose spores measure lo-i 1.5
fjL diam.

“ Didymium dealbatum B. & C. Venezuela, coll. Fendler.”

This specimen is undoubtedly a portion of the type of Chon-
drioderma subdictyospennum Rost. It corresponds precisely with
Rostafinski’s description. The earlier name was never published.

“(3510) Didymium luteogriseum B. & C. Penna., 1851.
Dr. Michener (484).”

This specimen, together with another similarly labelled in
Michener’s handwriting and bearing the same number (484) are
apparently co-types, although the original note on the species
(Grevillea, 2: 65, 1873) does not give the number of the speci-
men referred to, nor does Rostafinski in referring to the same
species later. The specimen labelled by Michener himself is in
fine condition and is typical Physarum polycephalum Schw. It
is interesting to note, however, that most of the sporangia in this
specimen are single and therefore are of the so-called variety

obrusseum.”

“Didymium megalosporum B. & C. (1205) ad folia dejecta.
June. Society Hill, S. C.”

The specific name appears on the label as “ megalospermum”
but Berkeley wrote '‘megalosporum.” The specimen is typical
Didymium eximium Pk. Lister relegated this species to varietal
rank under D. nigripes (Lk.) Fr., and applied to the variety the
designation “ eximium.” This being the first name to be applied
to the form after its transfer to varietal rank, it remains valid in
accordance with Article 49 of the Vienna Rules of Nomenclature.
If, however, Didymium eximium Pk. is regarded as a distinct

202

Mycologia

species, as it is by Macbride, evidently the name ” megalosporum
B. & C.” takes precedence of “ eximitmi Pk.”

“5701 Didymium nectriaeforme Berk. & Curt, fob mort.
Querc. coll. D. Murray. Mass. Sprague (828).”

This is a fairly abundant specimen of Physarum virescens
Ditm., in good condition.

“ Didymium obrusseum B. & C. ad folia. Cuba. C. Wright
(799) B. & C. Fung: Cub; 532.”

Two specimens are referred to under the original description
(Journ. Linn. Soc., 10: 348, 1868) i.e. Nos. 664 and 799 of
Wright’s Cuban Fungi, of which the first mentioned is the type.
Both of these numbers are found in the Curtis herbarium, as well
as the specimen collected by Lindheimer on leaves of Gonolobus
in Texas and referred to under the second description of the spe-
cies (Grevillea 2; 53, 1873). Fortunately the co-type. No. 664,
is in fairly good condition and is easily referable to Physarum
polycephaluni Schw., var. obrusseum (B. & C.) List. Through
a clerical error on Curtis’ part, the specific name on the Texas
specimen appears as obfuscum.”

“(2987) Didymium, straw, leaves, sticks, etc.. Sept. 1850.
Santee Canal, S. C. Ravenel (1100).”

To this label Curtis has added the note, “ D. xanthopo prox:
sed floccis albis.” The specimen is a co-type of Didymium proxi-
murn B. & C., which Berkeley differentiates from D. xanthopus
on the ground of a difference in the color of the capillitium. ft
is, however, unquestionably the latter form.

“Didymium pruinosum B. & C. 530. on sticks. Jan., 1857.
Cuba, coll. Wright (269).”

Nothing remains of this specimen except one or two slender
black stalks. The capillitium has disappeared. The few spores
remaining are bright purple brown, minutely spinulose, and
measure 10-11.5/A diam. Lister refers it, doubtless correctly, to
Physarum compressum A. & S.

“Didymium pusillum B. & C. (1345) ad Herb, corrumpent.
Septr. Society Hill, S. C.’’

The specimen shows a few crushed sporangia with delicate.

Sturgis: Myxomycetes of Curtis Herbarium 203

reddish stalks 0.75 mm. in height ; membranous wall, venulose be-
low ; and pale brownish spores, almost smooth, and measuring
10-11.8/* diam. Miss Lister (Monog., Ed. 2, p. 65) notes the
confusion caused by the existence of two species under the one
number in Berkeley’s herbarium. The single specimen in the
Curtis herbarium shows only Physarum pusillimi.

“Didymium radiatum B. & C. ad fob gram. Cuba. C.
Wright (733). B. & C. Fung: Cub: 529.”

A quantity of the circular, whitish bases of stalks and two or
three stalks filled with crystalline nodules of white lime are all
that is left of this specimen. Miss Lister refers it to Didymium
squamulosum (A. & S.) Fr.

“Didymium ravenelii B. & C. Aest. 1852. Sulphur Springs,
N. C. Ravenel (1513).”

The few perfect sporangia show stout, brown or black stalks ;
a capillitium of delicate threads with pale, reddish, fusiform lime-
knots ; and pale violet-brown spores, very minutely spinulose and
measuring 8.5-9. 5 diam. It is evidently a faded specimen of
Physarum pulcherripes Pk. I have elsewhere discussed the rela-
tionships and the synonomy of this species,^ but the conclusion
therein stated that the specific name Ravenelii might be retained
was a mistaken one, since the name given by Peck antedates the
other by three months. That name was written ‘'pulcherripes,”
and the original orthography should be retained. In connection
with this species it is interesting to note the range of color exhib-
ited in species of the “ P. globuliferum” group, including the red
of “pulcherripes,” the brown of “ murinum,” the purple of “ pul-
cherrimum.” I have recently seen specimens collected by Mr.
Hugo Bilgram, of Philadelphia, which are of a pinkish lilac
color, and Professor Macbride has collected a pale blue form. In
all of these the distinctions are based practically on color alone.

“Didymium tenerrimum B. & C. 533. “grayish.” fob Til-
landsia etc. June 1857. Cuba. Coll. Wright (267).”

This is a co-type of Physarum polycephalum Schw. var. obrus-
seum (B. & C.) List.

1 Transac. Conn. Acad. A. & S. Vol. X, Pt. 2, p. 468-470, 1900.

204

Mycologia

“6364 Didymium terrigenum B. & C. ad terram argillaceam
nudam. Julio. 1857. Hillsborough, N. C.”

This very scanty and weathered specimen consists of a mem-
branous hypothallus on which, originally, were seated closely
crowded sporangia, now reduced to the remains of a capillitium
consisting of rounded or angular, pale yellow lime-knots, con-
nected by abundant slender threads. The spores are violet- or
umber-brown, almost smooth, and measure 7.5-8 /x diam. Lister
appears to me to have been correct in referring this to Physartim
' virescens Ditm. (Monog.,Ed. i,p. 60) rather than to P.lateritium
as is done in Ed. 2 of the same work.

“ Enteridium cinereum Schw. insuper putridas herbas effu-
sum. Bethl. Herb. Schw. = ejus Lachnobolus.”

“ Lachnobolus cinereus Schw. insuper stipites dejectos.
Bethl. Herb. Schw. = ejus Enteridium.”

Both of these specimens are typical Fnligo cinerea (Schw.)
Morg.

“ Spumaria licheniformis Schw. cort. trunc. dejec. Robiniae.
Bethl. Herb. Schw.”

This is typical Physarmn didermoides (Ach.) Rost.

“ Physarum caespitosum Schw. Herb. Schw.”

Many years ago I wrote in reference to this species : “ So far
as I know, there is no authentic specimen in existence.”^ This
specimen in the Curtis herbarium, however, must be considered
as at least authentic. Unfortunately, practically nothing remains
of it except traces of a thin, membranous, pale straw-colored
hypothallus, and, mingled with these, numbers of spores of a pale
umber color, very minutely and irregularly punctate and meas-
uring 8-9.5 diam. These spores seem to me a sufficiently
distinguishing feature so far as the connection of this species with
Physarum citrinellum Pk., is concerned. They are certainly not
the spores of the latter species. I can therefore only repeat,
though with more assurance, my previous statement (1. c.) that
Physarum caespitosum Schw. is identical with P. virescens Ditm.
There is nothing in Schweinitz’s original description which mili-
zTransac. Conn. Acad. A. & S. Vol. X, Pt. 2, p. 472, 1900.

Sturgis: Myxomycetes of Curtis Herbarium 205

tates against this view, and the character of the spores in the
specimen under consideration supports it.

“(5191) Physarum chrysotrichum B. & C. lign. putr. Aut.
1854 Ala. Peters (704).”

The label reads “ chrysostictum,” evidently a clerical error. In
the original description of the species (Grevillea, 2: 66. 1873)

the specimen number is given as 5091, but in Curtis’ original MS.
list it is 5191. Lister’s reference of this species to Badhamia
decipiens (Curt.) Berk, seems based on fairly sufficient evidence.
The Curtis specimen shows nothing but the basal portions of a
number of sessile, golden-yellow sporangia and a few violet-
brown, minutely spinulose spores, 1 1 /a in diameter, or slightly
smaller.

“Physarum cupripes B. & R. Ravenel (1645) & Peters

(1157)”

Again by an error, the label reads " cupriceps.” Both speci-
mens are in wretched condition. The single sporangium found
shows a very delicate capillitium with scanty and small, yellowish
lime-knots, and violet-brown spores, almost smooth, and measur-
ing 8/jl diam. A very fine specimen is to be found in Ravenel’s
Fung. Car. Exsicc., Ease. Ill, No. 76, under the name P. cupri-
ceps Berk. & Rav. Both Lister and Macbride correctly refer this
species to Physarum flavicomum Berk.

“(6072) Physarum petersii B. & C. Ala. superiore, Peters
(982).’’

This specimen, referable to P. pulcherripes Pk., is in compara-
tively good condition, though the sporangia are crushed down
upon the soft substratum. Careful treatment exhibits a columella
not peg-like, such as is usually seen in the " globuliferum” group,
but varying from broadly conical to subglobose and giving rise to
the columella from all parts of its surface, very much as in Didy-
mium nigripes (Lk.) Fr. var. eximium (Pk.) List. The speci-
men of P. pulcherripes distributed in Ellis & Everhart, N. A. F.,
No. 3300, shows the same form of columella, and even in the
case of typical P. globuliferum (Ell. & Ev., N. A. E., No. 1120)
the columellae are large and columnar, measuring 0.8-1. 5 mm. in

206

Mycologia

height and 0.3-0.5 mm. in thickness. In both specimens of P.
pulcherripes above referred to, the stalks are slender and bulging
with globular, red masses of plasmodic material, i8;u, in diameter,
largely replacing the usual lime.

“ Physarum vermiculare Schw. Salem. Herb. Schw.”

This is a fairly good specimen of typical Perichaena vermicu-
laris (Schw.) Rost.

“(1972) Diderma pallidum B. & C. Pine leaves and straw
on the ground. Aug. 1848. Santee Canal, S. C. Ravenel (788).”

Berkeley (Grevillea, 2: 52, 1873) referred this specimen to
“ Angioridium valvatiim Fr.,” a combination which apparently
never existed. What Fries wrote (Index Syst. Myc., p. 51) was
"Angioridium sinuosum Gr. {Diderm, valvat.l Phys. sin.?).”
Berkeley {1. c.) also wrote " Diderma pallidum B. & C.” in connec-
tion with this specimen, but since he added no description, both
names are nomina nuda, and Physarum bogoriense Racib. takes
precedence. Moreover, the specimen numbered 1972 in the Berke-
ley herbarium differs essentially from the common Angioridium
sinuosum of Greville, according to Miss Lister (Monog., Ed. 2,
p. 78). The scanty remains of the corresponding specimen in the
Curtis herbarium throw no further light on the subject except in
so far as the pale violet-brown, almost smooth spores, measuring
9-10/A diam., differ from those of P. sinuosum.

“Physarum decipiens B. & C. (1333) ad Trunc. Querc. viv.
Aug : Sept. Society Hill ; S. C.”

This is a comparatively fine specimen consisting of a number
of globose or elongated sporangia, 0.5 mm. in diam., sessile, ru-
gose, reddish-orange ; capillitium of yellow branching lime-knots
with no connecting threads ; spores free, pale umber, minutely
spinulose, 13-15 /a diam. It is, of course, Badhamia decipiens
(Curt.) Berk.

“ Badhamia papaveracea cort ; Quercus. Aiken, S. C. Rave-
nel (1768).”

This specimen is a co-type and, though somewhat scanty, shows
admirably the characters distinguishing it from B. capsulifera,
i. e., the short, stout, brown stalks on which the sporangia are borne

Sturgis: Myxomycetes of Curtis Herbarium 207

either singly or in pairs, and the spore-clusters consisting of only
about 8 or 9 spores.

“(3578) Tricamphora oblonga B. & C. Penn^ 1851. Dr.
Michener (407).”

This is a fine co-type, consisting of about eight sporangia, well
preserved and perfectly characteristic.

“Ophiotheca pallida B. & C. Fung. Cub. 544. (413) Herbis
mucidis. July, Hillsborough, N. C.”

The label bears this name written in pencil, in Curtis’ hand-
writing, over the name Trichia serpula Pers. Berkeley twice
refers to this specimen (413), and each time as the type of a
separate species, first under Ophiotheca pallida (Journ. Linn.
Soc. 10: 350, 1868), and again under O. umbrina (Grevillea 2:
68, 1873). It is a well-preserved and perfectly characteristic
specimen of Perichaena vermicularis (Schw.) Rost.

“ B. & C. Fung. Cub. 544 Ophiotheca wrightii B. & C. dead
wood, Cuba, C. Wright (673).”

This is a fine specimen of Perichaena chrysosperma (Curr.)
List.

“(2991) Craterium minimum B. & C. in quisquiliis. Aug.
1850. Santee Canal, S. C. Ravenel (1055).”

Miss Lister (Monog., Ed. 2, p. 96) refers this to “var. cylin-
dricum” of Craterium leticocephalum (Pers.) Ditm. Macbride
considers it a distinct species. The designation “cylyndricum
(Mass.)” being the first to be applied to this form as a variety,
remains valid ; but Macbride, regarding the form as of specific
rank, rightly retains the original specific name, ‘'minimum B. &
C.” A careful examination of the specimen under consideration
reveals no points of difference between it and typical C. leuco-
cephalum, except the smaller and somewhat more cylindrical
sporangia of the former. 1 should hardly regard these differ-
ences as more than varietal.

“ Craterium porphyrium Schw., Herb. Schw.”

Of this specimen there remain only traces of a dark purple-red
hypothallus ; a reddish capillitium marked with indistinct spirals.

208

Mycologia

minutely spinulose and with many free, pointed ends ; and pale
reddish spores. It is unquestionably Hemitrichm Vesparinm
(Batsch) Macbr.

“ Stemonitis digitata Schw. Herb. Schw.”

Except for the fasciculate habit, there is nothing to distinguish
this specimen from Arcyria cinerea (Bull.) Pers.

“ Stemonitis maxima Schw. Herb. Schw.”

The marked difference of opinion between the leading students
of Myxomycetes as to the characteristic features of Stemonitis
fusca Roth are due, of course, to the loss of that specific type.
Rostafinski describes what he considers as Roth’s species and
states that the spores are smooth. Macbride accepts this dictum,
and therefore applies the name S. fusca (Roth) Rost, to fuscous
forms having smooth or slightly warted spores. To similar forms
having reticulated spores he applies the name 6". maxima Schw.
Lister, however, after examining the specimens established by
Rostafinski as 5". fusca Roth, pronounces the spores to be not
smooth, as stated by Rostfinski, but delicately reticulated. It
seems difficult, therefore, to escape the conclusion that forms
showing reticulated spores should be placed in the ‘'fusca”
group. It is here that 6’. maxima Schw. belongs. The specimen
in Herb. Curtis consists of a few crushed and weathered spo-
rangia about lo mm. in height; surface net reddish, small-
meshed, meshes angular, 6-15 /x. diam. ; spores pale smoky brown,
closely and faintly reticulate, 7/x diam.

“(1967) Stemonitis porphyra B. & C.,ad lign. muscos. Pini.
Maio 1849. Santee Canal, S. C. Ravenel (744).”

Miss Lister (Monog., Ed. 2, p. 165) refers this species doubt-
fully to Lamproderma columhinum (Pers.) Rost., for which ref-
erence the original description (Grevillea 2; 69, 1873) certainly
gives some grounds. The specimen, however, is a very different
thing. Though in poor condition, it shows a number of brittle,
calcareous, purple stalks, 0.9 mm. long and 0.08-0.09 mm. thick,
and a capillitium of the “ globuliferum” type, but with small
reddish purple lime-knots ; the spores are very pale reddish,
smooth, and measure 7.8 /x, diam. This is evidently Physarum

Sturgis : Myxomycetes of Curtis Herbarium 209

ptdcherrimum B. & R. Unfortunately the original description
quotes no herbarium-number, so that it is impossible to determine
what specimen is the type. Berkeley merely writes (/. c.) “on
pine wood”; Curtis’ MS. list says, under No. 1967, “lign: putr.
Pini ” ; the Curtis specimen is on coniferous wood. Through the
kindness of Miss A. L. Smith, of the British Museum, I am as-
sured that of four Ravenel specimens in the Museum herbarium,
all numbered 744, three were originally labelled Stemonitis por-
phyra B. & C., which name is crossed out and Physarum pul-
cherrimum B. & R. substituted, while the fourth bears only the
latter name. Ravenel’s No. 77 in Fung. Car. Exsicc., Ease. II, is
labelled Physarum pulcherrimum B. & R. ; the index to the same
fascicle gives Stemonitis porphyra B. & R., over which is pasted
a label bearing the same name as the specimen. From these facts
there would seem to be little doubt but that ^‘Stemonitis por-
phyra B. & C.” is Physarum pulcherrimum B. & R., and that one
of these Ravenel specimens served Berkeley as a type notwith-
standing the fact that the authority for the former name is given
as “B. & C.” and not “ B. & R.”

“Stemonitis tenerrima M. A. C. (1343) Ad Herb: corrump.
Sept. Society Hill, S. C.”

From this very scanty specimen a single sporangium is nar-
rowly cylindrical and tapering in shape, 1.7 mm. high; stalk, 0.4
mm. long ;■ spores pale brownish, very minutely punctate, 5.8-7.2
ju, diam. It is Comatricha pulchella (Ch. Bab.) Rost.

“ Stemonitis trechispora B. & C. Venezuela. Coll. Fendler.”

I recently took occasion® to state my reasons for accepting, as
applied to this specimen, Rostafinski’s designation, “ dictyo-
spora,” whether the form were of specific or merely varietal rank.
Since that time, however. Miss Lister has kindly called my atten-
tion to the fact that this is a case similar to those cited above
{Didymium columbinum and D. megalosporum) , in which Article
49 of the Vienna Rules is applicable. Lister first reduced the
banded-spored forms to varietal rank under S. fusca Roth, and
applied to them the name “ trechispora.” That name, therefore,
is to be accepted as the proper varietal designation. In case.

3 Mycologia 8: 38. 1916.

210

Mycologia

however, these banded-spored forms are considered as of specific
rank, they should bear the name Stemonitis dictyspora Rost.
The specimen before us represents the extreme limit of departure
from typical Stemonitis fusca, the sooty-black sporangia showing
hardly a trace of any surface net and the large, dark spores, meas-
uring 11.5-13.5/4 diam. and being marked with a network of
raised bands, which form a distinct border to the spore when seen
in profile.

“(2992) Cribraria ei.egans B. & C. ad. lign. putr. Aug:
1855. Santee Canal, S. C. Ravenel (1044).”

This specimen agrees perfectly with the published descriptions
of the species.

“(2717) Cribraria minima B. & C. Pine boards after rain.
Julio 1849. Society Hill, S. C.”

The label reads “ Cribraria microscopica” but the number is
the one referred to in Grevillea 2 : 67 as the basis for the descrip-
tion of C. minima. The specimen is typical C. minutissima Schw.,
though very scanty.

“(1182) Cribraria microscopica B. & C. Underside of old
shingles and on old rails of pine. July 1847. Society Hill, S. C.
Yellow.”

This specimen is in even worse condition than the preceding.
The most diligent search fails to reveal a single sporangium. The
published description applies to C. minutissima.

“Arcyria bicolor B. & C. ad ram: deject: Cuba. C. Wright.
B. & C. Fung : Cub : 542.”

This is in poor condition, but is distinctly referable to the " digi-
tata” form of Arcyria cincrea.

“Arcyria globosa Schw. Herb. Schw.”

Though a very scanty specimen, enough remains to show the
distinctive features of the species.

“ Arcyria minor Schw. Herb. Schw.”

Miss Lister (Monog., Ed. 2, p. 242) refers this doubtfully to
Arcyria incarnata Pers. The specimen before us shows a capil-
litium free from the cup, and marked with a very open spiral of

Sturgis: Myxomycetes of Curtis Herbarium 211

blunt ridges — characters which appear to confirm Miss Lister’s
opinion.

“Arcyria pallida B. & C. ad lign: putridum. Aug. 1848.
Society Hill, S. C.”

This is undoubtedly A. cinerea (Bull.) Pers., though of a yel-
lower color than usual.

“ Craterium floriforme Schw. Herb. Schw.”

Berkeley (Grevillea 2: 67) writes “ C. floriforme Schwein. is
a Trichiaf’ Miss Lister includes it under Hemitrichia V esparium,
though doubtfully. The free, rarely branching, dark red elaters
terminating in a long point, the solid stalk, and the orange spores
ii/i. diam., place it distinctly under Trichia Botrytis Pers. var.
lateritia (Lev.) List.

“Licea artocreas B. & R. Cort: Juniperi. Martio 1850.
Ravenel (1459).”

This name is attached to the specimen No. 82 in Ravenel’s
Fung. Car. Exsicc., Fasc. II, but the combination was never pub-
lished. When Berkeley described the species, he placed it under
the genus Perichaena, where it belongs (Grevillea 2: 68, 1873).
It is typical P. depressa Lib. Berkeley’s description of the spores
as “ fusiform ” is due to the fact that they are shrunken. Proper
treatment readily restores them to their normal form.

“ Perichaena irregularis B. & C. subter ram. dej. putrid.
Jan. 1848. Society Hill, S. C. (2478).”

This again is typical P. depressa Lib.

“(6081) Licea applanata B. subter ram. Querc. alba. 1856.
Ala. superiore. Peters (1009).”

Two descriptions of this species were published by Berkeley,
the second of which (Grevillea 2: 68, 1873) cites this specimen.
It is normal Dictydiaethaliiini plumbeum (Schum.) Rost., except
that the corner-strands measure nearly 7/4 diam. and are greatly
thickened along the outer edge. This causes the strands to coil
up like a spring when detached. A similar feature characterizes
a specimen collected by Professor Roland Thaxter in Chile.

212

Mycologia

“ Licea macrospora Schw. in peponibus putridis. Herb.
Schw.”

An examination of this specimen confirms Miss Lister’s refer-
ence of the species to Didymium difforme (Pers.) Duby.

“ Licea microsperma B. & C. (4695) in trunc. cavo. Aug. 1853.
Nova Cesarea : Laning (56).”

Through a clerical error the label reads " mtcroscopica.” Miss
Lister refers the species to Tubifera ferruginosa (Batsch) Gmel.,
but the stipitate habit and the smaller spores (4. 3-4.7 /x diam.)
bring it plainly under T. stipitata (B. & R.) Macbr.

“ Licea rubiformis Berk. & Curt. Japan U. S. Pac. Ex. Ex.

(315)-”

This is a poorly developed specimen of Tubifera ferruginosa
(Batsch) Gmel.

“Licea spermoides B. & C. (4867) ad fol. deject, putresc.
Alabama: Beaumont (349)-”

This specimen is certainly referable to var. simplex of Lind-
bladia effusa (Ehr.) Rost, rather than to Cribraria argillacea
Pers. (cf. Lister, Monog., Ed. 2, p. 175).

“ Licea stipitata B. & R.”

The herbarium contains three specimens under this name, la-
belled respectively :

I. “ Rotten logs. Oct. 1854. Bonin. U. S. Pac. Ex. Ex.

(314)”

II. “Ad lign. cariosum. Cuba. C. Wright (678). B. & C.
Fung: Cub. 551.”

III. “Autumno. Santee Canal. H. W. Ravenei (1305).”
These specimens correspond respectively with three published

descriptions, i. e. :

I. Berkeley & Curtis, Proc. Am. Acad. Arts & Sc., 4: 125,
1858.

II. Berkeley, Journ. Linn. Soc., 10: 350, 1868.

III. Berkeley, Grevillea, 2 : 68, 1873.

The Cuban specimen is so crushed as not to show the true habit,
but the others are typical in this respect and all are characterized
by small spores (4.7-5 /x diam.).

Sturgis: Myxomycetes of Curtis Herbarium 213

“ OsTRACODERMA SPADiCEUM Schw. ram. dej. Mori albae. Herb.

This name appears to have been overlooked by the monograph-
ers. It was published in Syn. Fung. Am. Bor., p. 262, 1831. The
specimen is normal Dictydiaethalium plumbeum (Schum.) Rost.

From the above notes it will be seen that my observations are,
in most cases, merely corrobrative of those recorded by the Lis-
ters. The few instances in which I have been obliged to dissent
from their opinion or in which further study has resulted in
changes in the hitherto accepted synonomy, are as follows :

Didymium megalosporum B. & C. (ut. var.) =Didymium ni-
gripes (Lk.) Fr. var. eximium (Pk.) List.

Didymium terrigenum B. & C. = Physarum virescens Ditm.

Lachnoholus cinereus Schw. = Fuligo cincrea (Schw.) Morg.

Craterium minimum B. & C. (ut. var.) =Craterium leucoceph-
alum (Pers.) Ditm. var. cylindricum (Mass.) List.

Stemonitis porphyra B. & C. — Physarum ptdcherrimum B. & R.

Craterium floriforme Schw. = Trichia B otrytis Pcrs. var. lateritia
(Lev.) List.

Stemonitis trechispora B. & C. (ut. sp.)= Stemonitis dictyo-
spora Rost.

Stemonitis trechispora B. & C. (ut. var.) — Stemonitis fusca
Roth. var. trechispora (B. & C.) List.

Licea microsperma B. & C. = Tubifera stipitata (B. & R.) Macbr.

Ostracoderma spadiceum Schw. — Dictydiaethalium plumbeum
(Schum.) Rost.

University Museum,

Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Schw.”

Didymium columbinum B. & C.
Tilmadoche columbina Rost.

Physarum columbinum
(Rost.) Sturgis.

Syn. P. compactum
(Wing.) List.

BASIDIOMYCETES COLLECTED IN INDO-
CHINA BY C. B. ROBINSON^

Paul W. Graff

This small collection of Basidiomycetes was made by Dr. C. B.
Robinson, of the Bureau of Science, Manila, while on a short
vacation trip of fifteen days to Nha-trang, Annam, Indo-China.
All the specimens were collected near the town of Nha-trang, be-
tween March ii and 26, 1911. The collection was merely an
incidental one and no attempt was made to gather other fungous
specimens than those which conspicuously presented themselves ;
hence the smallness of the number. These specimens are in the
herbarium of the Bureau of Science, Manila. As one might sup-
pose from the casual collecting, only fairly common material was
obtained. The value, therefore, of the collection is not in the
citation of new material but in extending the range of forms
already known.

Fomes Fries

Fomes rimosus (Berk.) Fr. Nov. Symb. Myc. (1851) 66

Polyporus rimosus Berk. Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 4 (1845) 54-
Polyporus ignaritis Fr. var. scaber Berk. Ann. Nat. Hist. 3
(1839) 324.

Robinson 1489.

Reported from Guiana, South Africa, and the Philippines.
PoLYSTiCTUS Fries

PoLYSTicTus BOGORiENsis (Holterm.) Sacc. & Syd. ex Sacc. Syll.
Fung. 16 (1902) 157

Polyporus bogoriensis Holterm. Mykol. Unters. aus den Tropen
(1898), 94, pi. p, fig. 1-8.

Robinson 1417.

1 Contribution from the Botanical Section of the Biological Laboratory,
Bureau of Science, Manila, Philippine Islands.

214

Graff: Basidiomycetes Collected in Indo-China 215

Originally described from Javan material. Collected also in
the Philippines.

PoLYSTicTus FLOCCOSUS (Jungh.) Fr. Epicr. Myc. (1836) 480

Polyporus floccosus Jungh. Flor. Crypt. Java (1838) 49.
Trametes aciitus Cooke, Grevillea 10 (1882) 32.

Polystictus acutus Sacc. Syll. Fung. 6 (1888) 243.

Robinson 1458.

Previously reported from the island of Java, Australia, and the
Philippines.

Polystictus meyenii (Klotz.) Cooke, Grevillea 14 (1885) 79

Polyporus meyenii Klotz. Nov. Act. Acad. Nat. Cur. 19 (1843)
Suppl. 236.

Robinson 1417a.

The species was originally described from Philippine material
collected by Meyen in 1831. This collection extends its habitat
to the Asiatic coast.

Polystictus sanguineus (L.) Fr. Nov. Symb. Myc. (1851) 75

Boletus sanguineus 1^. Sp. Plant. Ed. 2 (1762) 1646.

Xylometron sanguineum (L.) Paul. Icon. Champ. (1793), pi. 3,

fig- 3> 4-

Agaricus ruber Lamk. Encyc. Meth. Bot. i (1783) 50.

Polyporus sanguineus (L.) Mey. Flor. Esseq. (1818) 304.
Polyporus flaccidus Pers. ex Gaud. Bot. Ereyc. Voy. Uranie
(1826) 160.

Polyporus ampliporus Fr. Elench. Fung, i (1828) 99.

Polyporus argentatus Cooke, Grevillea 15 (1886) 20.

Pycnoporus sanguineus (L.) Murr. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 31
(1904) 421.

Robinson 1286.

This species is of universal distribution throughout the tropics
and one of the most common. It is very probable that it and
Polystictus cinnabarinus (Jacq.) Fr., which is of as common dis-
tribution in the temperate zones, are but forms of the same
species.

216

Mycologia

PoLYSTicTus XANTHOPUS Fr. Nov. Symb. Myc. (1851) 74

Polyporus xanthopus Fr. Obs. Myc. 2 (1815-1818) 255; Syst.
Myc. I (1821) 505.

Boletus katui Ehrenb. ex Nees Hor. Phys. Ber. (1820) 93, pi. ip,
fig. 12.

Polystictus saccatus Pers. ex Gaud. Bot. Freyc. Voy. Uranie
(1S26) i6g, pi. I, fig. 3.

Polystictus cupro-nitens Kalchbr. Thum. Myc. Univ. n. 1702.
Polystictus crassipes Curr. Flor. Pug. p. 122.

Robinson 1388.

A species of very general tropical distribution. One of the
species belonging to the Polystictus perula group, which also in-
cludes such related species as P. affinis, P . fiahelliformis, P. luteus,
P. nepholodes, P. pterygodes, etc., all commonly found in the
Asiatic tropics and the Pacific islands.

Daedalea Pers.

Daedalea flavida Lev. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. Ill, 2 (1844) 198

Polyporus lenziteus Lev. ex Zoll. Vers. (1854) 17.

Robinson 1405a.

The spores of the specimens of this collection are slightly
smaller than those of the same species collected in the Philippines.
Otherwise, however, the material from both localities appears to
be identical. The fungus was first described from material col-
lected in Borneo by Korthals.

The species has, till now, only been reported from the two
localities, Borneo and the Philippines.

Daedalea palisoti Fr. Syst. Myc. 2 (1821) 335

Daedalea amanitoides Beauv. FI. Owar. i (1804) 44, pi. 25.
Daedalea repanda Pers. ex Gaud. Bot. Freyc. Voy. Uranie (1826)
168.

Daedalea applanata Kl. Linnaea 8 (1833) 481.

Lenzites palisoti Fr. Epicr. Myc. (1838) 404.

Lenzites repanda Fr. in 1. c.

Lenzites applanata Fr. in 1. c.

Graff: Basidiomycetes Collected in Indo-China 217

Daedalea indica Jungh. Flor. Crypt. Java (1838) 74.

Lenzites pallida Berk. Lond. Journ. Bot. i (1842) 146.

Lenzites platypoda Lev. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. Ill, 2 (1844) 180.
Robinson 1405.

This species is of very general tropical distribution.

Daedalea lurida Lev. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. Ill, 2 (1844) 198
Daedalea subconfragosa Murr. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 35 (1908)

415-

Robinson 1421.

Robinson’s collection has been compared with co-type material
of D. subconfragosa with which it agrees perfectly and they are
undoubtedly identical with Leveille’s species from Java.

Java and the Philippines seems to be the limit of distribution
as yet published.

Hexagonia Fries

Hexagonia tenuis (Hook.) Fr. Epicrisis (1836) 498

Boletus tenuis Hook, ex Knuth, Syn. Plant. (1822-1825) 10.
Boletus reticulatus Hook, in 1. c., page 9.

Polyporus tenuis Kl. Linnaea 8 (1833) 482.

Robinson 1487.

Previously reported from Central America, Natal, Mauritius,
India, and Malacca.

Lentinus Fries

Lentinus exilis Klotz. ex Fr. Syn. Lent. (1836) 10; Fr. Epicr.
Myc. (1836) 393

Robinson 1420.

Basidia cylindrical 6.5 by 33.0 /a, sterigmata slightly curved
3.3 /X, spores 2.2 to 2.6 by 6.6 fi, cylindrical to sausage shaped,
hyaline.

A species of probably general tropical distribution. Known
from Cuba, Australia, Mauritius, Ceylon, and the Philippines.

Mount Vernon, N. Y.

PLEUROTUS, OMPHALIA, MYCENA, AND
COLLYBIA PUBLISHED IN NORTH
AMERICAN FLORA

William A. Murrill

Volume 9, part 5, of North American Flora, by William A.
Murrill, appeared June 7, 1916, with descriptions of the follow-
ing genera and species :

Genera Total Species New Species

Lentodiellum i

Geopetalum 22 5

Crepidopus 9

Micromphate 8 2

Leptomyces 5

Omphalopsis 32 14

Galactopus 4

Prunulus 106 52

Omphalina 31 15

Gyninopus 93 45

311 133

Those preferring currently accepted generic names may use the
following new combinations proposed for their benefit :

Geopetalum geophilum
Geopetalum albescens
Geopetalum subelatinum
Geopetalum subhaedinum
Geopetalum tremelliforme
Gymnopus agricola
Gymnopus avellaneigriseus
Gymnopus avellaneidiscus
Gymnopus badiialbus
Gymnopus cinchonensis
Gymnopus cremeimelleus
Gymnopus densifolius
Gymnopus dentatus
Gymnopus denticulatus
Gymnopus domesticus
Gymnopus Earleae
Gymnopus Eatonae
Gymnopus farinaceus

= Pleurotus geophilus
= Pleurotus albescens
=: Pleurotus subelatinus
= Pleurotus subhaedinus
=: Pleurotus tremelliformis
= Collybia agricola
= Collybia avellaneigrisea
= Collybia avellaneidisca
= Collybia badiialba
= Collybia cinchonensis
= Collybia cremeimellea
=: Collybia densifolia
= Collybia dentata
= Collybia denticulata
= Collybia domestica
= Collybia Earleae
= Collybia Eatonae
= Collybia farinacea

218

Murrill: Genera Published in North America Flora 219

Gymnopus fimetarius
Gymnopus flavescens
Gymnopus fulvidiscus
Gymnopus fulvipes
Gymnopus Glatfelteri
Gymnopus griseifolius
Gymnopus jamaicensis
Gymnopus ludovicianus
Gymnopus marasmiiformis
Gymnopus monticola
Gymnopus musicola
Gymnopus nigritiformis
Gymnopus oculatus
Gymnopus orizabensis
Gymnopus pallidus
Gymnopus roseilividus
Gymnopus setulosus
Gymnopus sinuatus
Gymnopus squamiger
Gymnopus subavellaneus
Gymnopus subflavescens
Gymnopus subflavifolius
Gymnopus sublatericius
Gymnopus subnivulosus
Gymnopus subrugosus
Gymnopus tenuifolius
Gymnopus tortipes
Gymnopus trullisatus
Gymnopus unakensis
Gymnopus virginianus
Gymnopus Volkertii
Gymnopus xuchilensis
Micromphale badium
Micromphale fulvifibrillosum
Micromphale subexcavatum
Omphalina acuminata
Omphalina coccinea
Omphalina collybiiformis
Omphalina cremea
Omphalina cuspidatella
Omphalina Dawsonii
Omphalina Earlei
Omphalina hypobrunnea
Omphalina incarnata
Omphalina jalapensis
Omphalina lenta
Omphalina luteicolor
Omphalina miniata
Omphalina niveicolor

= Collybia fimetaria
= Collybia flavescens
= Collybia fulvidisca
= Collybia fulvipes
= Collybia Glatfelteri
= Collybia griseifolia
= Collybia jamaicensis
= Collybia ludoviciana
= Collybia marasmiiformis
= Collybia monticola
= Collybia musicola
= Collybia nigritiformis
= Collybia oculata
= Collybia orizabensis
= Collybia pallida
= Collybia roseilivida
= Collybia setulosa
= Collybia sinuata
= Collybia squamiger
= Collybia subavellanea
= Collybia subflavescens
= Collybia subflavifolia
= Collybia sublatericia
= Collybia subnivulosa
= Collybia subrugosa
= Collybia tenuifolia
= Collybia tortipes
= Collybia trullisata
= Collybia unakensis
= Collybia virginiana
= Collybia Volkertii
Collybia xuchilensis
= Pleurotus badius
= Pleurotus fulvifibrillosus
= Pleurotus subexcavatus
= Omphalia acuminata
= Omphalia coccinea
= Omphalia collybiiformis
= Omphalia cremea
= Omphalia cuspidatella
= Omphalia Dawsonii
= Omphalia Earlei
= Omphalia h3ipobrunnea
= Omphalia incarnata
= Omphalia jalapensis
= Omphalia lenta
= Omphalia luteicolor
= Omphalia miniata
= Omphalia niveicolor

220

Mycologia

Omphalina Sequoiarum
Omphalina subcartilaginea
Omphalina subscyphoides
Omphalina tepeitensis
Omphalopsis Bakeri
Omphalopsis californiensis
Omphalopsis convexa
Omphalopsis cuticolor
Omphalopsis distantifolia
Omphalopsis McMurphyi
Omphalopsis myceniformis
Omphalopsis petasiformis
Omphalopsis praedecurrens
Omphalopsis pseudogrisea
Omphalopsis roriduliformis
Omphalopsis subavellanea
Omphalopsis subimmaculata
Omphalopsis translucentipes
Omphalopsis turbinata
Prunulus Abramsii
Prunulus adirondackensis
Prunulus alcaliniformis
Prunulus argillaceus
Prunulus atribrunneus
Prunulus atridiscus
Prunulus aurantiacus
Prunulus auranthdiscus
Prunulus avellaneigriseus
Prunulus avellaneus
Prunulus brevipes
Prunulus caesiialbus
Prunulus carbonicola
Prunulus cervinialbus
Prunulus cinchonensis
Prunulus cinereiavellaneus
Prunulus collybiiformis
Prunulus farinaceus
Prunulus flavicitrinus
Prunulus fuliginosus
Prunulus fumosiavellaneus
Prunulus fusipes
Prunulus gracillipes
Prunulus Grantii
Prunulus latericius
Prunulus lepiotiformis
Prunulus leucophaeus
Prunulus longipes
Prunulus ludovicianus
Prunulus magnus
Prunulus margarita

= Omphalia Sequoiarum
= Omphalia subcartilaginea
= Omphalia subsc5iphoides
= Omphalia tepeitensis
= Omphalia Bakeri
= Omphalia californiensis
= Omphalia convexa
== Omphalia cuticolor
= Omphalia distantifolia
= Omphalia McMurphyi
= Omphalia myceniformis
= Omphalia petasiformis
= Omphalia praedecurrens
= Omphalia pseudogrisea
= Omphalia roriduliformis
= Omphalia subavellanea
= Omphalia subimmaculata
=: Omphalia translucentipes
= Omphalia turbinata
= Mycena Abramsii
= Mycena adirondackensis
= Mycena alcaliniformis
= Mycena argillacea
=: Mycena atribrunnea
= Mycena atridisca
= Mycena aurantiaca
= Mycena aurantiidisca
= Mycena avellaneigrisea
= Mycena avellanea
= Mycena brevipes
= Mycena caesiialba
= Mycena carbonicola
= Mycena cervinialba
= Mycena cinchonensis
= Mycena cinereiavellanea
= Mycena collybiiformis
= Mycena farinacea
= Mycena flavicitrina
= Mycena fuliginosa
= Mycena fumosiavellanea
= Mycena fusipes
= Mycena gracillipes
= Mycena Grantii
= Mycena latericia
= Mycena lepiotiformis
= Mycena leucophaea
= Mycena longipes
= Mycena ludoviciana
= Mycena magna
= Mycena margarita

Murrill: Genera Published in North America Flora 221

Prunulus

MELLEIDISCUS

= Mycena

melleidisca

Prunulus

MINUTISSIMUS

= Mycena

minutissima

Prunulus

MURINUS

= Mycena

muiina

Prunulus

MYCELIOSUS

= Mycena

myceliosa

Prunulus

NIVEIPES

= Mycena

niveipes

Prunulus

OCCIDENTALIS

. Mycena

occidentalis

Prunulus

OCHRACEICINEREUS

= Mycena

ochraceicinerea

Prunulus

PALUDICOLA

- Mycena

paludicola

Prunulus

PARVULUS

= Mycena

parvula

Pjiunulus

PECTINATUS

; Mycena

pectinata

Prunulus

PLUMBEIBRUNNEUS

= Mycena

plumbeibrunnea

Prunulus

PUBESCENS

= Mycena

pubescens

Prunulus

ROSEIPALLENS

= Mycena

roseipallens

Prunulus

ROSEOLUS

= Mycena

roseola

Prunulus

RUTILANTIFORMIS

= Mycena

rutilantiformis

Prunulus

Sabali

= Mycena

Sabali

Prunulus

SCABRIPES

: Mycena

scabripes

Prunulus

subfumosus

= Mycena

subfumosa

Prunulus

SUBPULVERULENTUS

= Mycena

subpulverulenta

Prunulus

SUBTENUIPES

= Mycena

subtenuipes

Prunulus

SYRINGEUS

- Mycena

S3n:ingea

Prunulus

TENUICULUS

= Mycena

tenuicula

Prunulus

TESTACEUS

= Mycena

testacea

Prunulus

TROJANUS

= Mycena

trojana

Prunulus

VIRIDIGRISEUS

= Mycena

viridigrisea

New York Botanical Garden.

NOTES AND BRIEF ARTICLES

Dr. Heinrich Rehm, of Munich, the world’s greatest authority
on Ascomycetes, died on April i in his eighty-eighth year.

In the Punjab hills in India, where the practice of lopping is
prevalent, a serious outbreak of Trametes Pini has occurred
which is causing severe loss in the case of Finns excelsa in par-
ticular. More resistant species are recommended, as well as
mixed plantings.

In the February number of the Journal of Agricultural Re-
search, H. S. Jackson reports the presence of an Asiatic species
of Gymnosporangium, G. koreaense, in Oregon. The telial stage
occurs on Juniperiis chinensis and the pycnia and aecia on various
Pomaceae.

Professor George M. Reed, of the department of botany of
the University of Missouri, has been appointed research fellow
at the Brooklyn Botanic Garden for the summers of 1916 and
1917, in place of Professor W. H. Rankin, of Cornell University,
who has undertaken an investigation of the white-pine blister rust
in New York State. The problem to be investigated is the dis-
eases of trees and shrubs of Prospect Park.

Forest pathology in forest regulation is discussed by E. P.
Meinecke in Bulletin 275 of the Bureau of Plant Industry at
Washington, with the white fir as the chief example. The author
is now at work upon the pathology of other important western
timber trees.

Professor H. H. Whetzel, of Cornell University, spent May
5-13 at the Garden working over the large and important collec-
tion of rusts and other parasitic fungi obtained by him and Dr.
Olive in Porto Rico during the past winter. Professor Arthur

222

Notes and Brief Articles

223

paid the Garden a flying visit to examine some of the rusts in this
collection.

Dr. Arthur Harmount Graves, formerly Assistant Professor of
Botany in the Sheffield Scientific School of Yale University, and
Instructor in Forest Botany in the Yale Forest School, has been
appointed Associate Professor of Biology in the new Connecticut
College for Women, at New London, Connecticut. Dr. Graves
will have charge of the instruction in botany, beginning work next
September.

A disfiguring and rotting disease of mangoes caused by Bacillus
Mangiferae is described as having appeared in South Africa in
recent years. The infection is carried partly by water dripping
from affected portions of the plant, but a more important carrier
is found in air movements. Dignified tissues are not affected, but
the organism invades parenchymatous tissues, wedging apart and
killing the cells and causing dark, angular spots on the leaves.
Other soft portions of the plant are also attacked. Sprays seem
to have no effect.

Dr. Thomas J. Burrill, who has been connected with the Uni-
versity of Illinois since 1868, died April 14, in his seventy-eighth
year. He was born in Pittsfield, Massachusetts, and, after being
graduated from the Illinois State Normal University in 1865,
later received honorary degrees from Northwestern University
and the University of Chicago. Dr. Burrill was formerly pro-
fessor of natural history, botany, and horticulture at the Uni-
sity of Illinois, from which he retired as professor emeritus in
1912. For many years he was vice-president, and for four years
acting president of the University of Illinois.

The Prickly-Pear Traveling Commission of Australia came to
the conclusion that disease does not play any important part any-
where in checking the growth of prickly pear when growing under
normal conditions. Only one organism, Gloeosporium lunatum,
is regarded as of sufficient value to warrant its introduction.
This is common in Texas and on warm, moist days causes rapid

224

Mycologia

and considerable destruction of young segments and of older
joints if previously attacked. Another fungus, Sclerotium Opun-
tiarum, causes a disease which is somewhat serious in Argentina.

Bulletin 371 of the New York Agricultural Experiment Station
contains a description of the cause and control of the leaf blotch
of horse chestnut. The disease causes the leaves to turn brown
and die. It is so destructive to young seedlings that it is difficult
to grow the trees from seeds and consequently most of the trees
are imported, adding greatly to the expense. The disease is
caused by the fungus known as Guignardia Aesculi. The destruc-
tion of the old leaves will do much to retard the fungus, although
this is not sufficient to check it entirely. Dusting with a mixture
of sulfur and arsenate of lead is a very effective means of con-
trolling the fungus, the dusting being considered preferable to
treatment with liquid spray.

“Edible and Poisonous Mushrooms,” by W. A. Murrill, ap-
peared June 26, 1916. This work consists of a large colored chart
and a handbook containing descriptions of the chief edible and
poisonous species in North America, together with a discussion of
edible and poisonous fungi in general and methods of preparing
and cooking mushrooms. The treatment is brief, requiring only
about seventy-five pages, but it covers the ground in a practical
and safe way and will enable the intelligent mushroom-loving
public to enjoy many of our native wild species without fear of
unpleasant consequences. The author has erred rather on the
side of safety, failing to figure and recommend for food the royal
agaric, the bjushing amanita, the sheathed amanitopsis, and many
other species which are excellent and often eaten.

The chart was prepared under the author’s direction by a very
careful artist and is suitable for hanging on the wall in libraries
and schools, as well as in botanical museums. Different back-
grounds are used for the edible and poisonous species, which are
separated and plainly labeled so that no mistakes can occur. The
maximum of safety lies in accurate figures and descriptions not
only of species that may be safely eaten but also of all the dan-
gerous species that should be avoided.

Notes and Brief Articles

225

Professor A. H. R. Buller in his article on “ The Fungus Lore
of the Greeks and Romans,” reprinted from the Transactions of
the British Mycological Society, recalls and discusses a number of
very interesting matters connected with edible and poisonous fungi
and the dawn of mycology proper. For example, the first known
illustration of a fungus is said to be one of Lactarius deliciosus,
preserved in a mural decoration at Pompeii ; the Boletus of Pliny
and other Latin authors was really Amanita Caesarea; the Ro-
mans obtained fire by rubbing two pieces of wood together and
lighting tinder obtained from Pomes fomentarius ; and the stone
fungi of the ancients were probably simple corals with radiating
plates resembling mushroom gills.

After discussing at some length the fungi known to the an-
cients, the author concludes, as follows : “ We have now come to
an end of this first chapter in the history of Mycology. We have
seen that the Greeks and Romans were familiar with a good many
kinds of edible and poisonous fungi, that the Romans in particular
developed elaborate recipes for cooking the most desirable spe-
cies, that means were taken for dealing with cases of accidental
poisoning, and that certain fungi had been discovered to possess
medicinal properties. On the other hand, so far as the origin
and mode of reproduction of fungi are concerned, the ancients
were in complete ignorance. In general, they were contented to
accept a theory of spontaneous generation, and they never even
suspected that fungus fruit-bodies are simply reproductive organs.
The spore dust, except doubtless in the Puffballs, appears to have
entirely escaped observation.”

A Known Species of Smut on a New Host^

In March, 1916, Mr. Paul C. Standley collected at Fort Myers,
Florida, a smut on Cy penis Gatesii Torr., which produces similar
symptoms and has the same mycological characters as Cintractia
leucoderma (Berk.) P. Henn. The smut just mentioned has been
described as attacking several species of Rynchospora and has
been collected in Florida on at least two of these. It is to be
noted that Rynchospora is a genus of the Cyperaceae and there-
fore related closely to Cyperus.

1 Published by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.

226

Mycologia

According to Clinton^ the sorl of this fungus surround pedun-
cles, pedicels, bases of rachises, and sometimes stems. On Cy-
perus, however, the sori are mostly found surrounding portions
of the stems and sometimes running up on the leaf sheaths. They
measure i to 4 cm. in length and when young are covered with a
white fungal membrane which flakes away at maturity and reveals
a dark agglutinated spore mass. The spores are dark-brown and
verruculose, and have the form of spheres which have been com-
pressed or concaved on one side ; they thus appear to be spherical,
subspherical, reniform, or irregular, depending on the side from
which they are seen. Their larger diameter measures 16 to 20
microns and the compressed diameter 8 to 12 microns. These
characters agree with those given by Clinton for Cintractia
leucoderma.

H. R. Rosen.

2 North Am. FI. 7; 35-36. 1906.

INDEX TO AMERICAN MYCOLOGICAL
LITERATURE

Abbott, F. H. The red rot of conifers. Vermont Agr. Exp. Sta.
Bull, igi : 3-20. pi. j-j + f. I, 2. N 1915.

Trametes pint.

Atkinson, G. F. Origin and development of lamellae in Coprinus.

Bot. Gaz. 61 : 89-130. pi. 5-11 + /. 1-6. 19 F 1916.

Berry, E. W. Remarkable fossil fungi. Mycologia 8 : 73-79*
pi. 180-182. II Ap 1916.

Three new species are described.

Bessey, E. A., & McClintock, J. A. Some ginseng troubles. Ann.

Rep. Sec. Michigan Board Agr. 54: 267-279. /. j-5. 1915.

Boyce, J. S. A note on Cronartium pyriforme. Phytopathology
6 : 202, 203. Ap 1916.

Brooks, C., & Fisher, D. F. Brown-rot of prunes and cherries in .
the Pacific northwest. U. S. Dept. Agr. Bull. 368 : i-io. pi. 1-3.

6 Mr 1916.

Chapman, G. H. Effect of colored light on the mosaic disease of
tobacco. Science II. 43 : 537, 538. 14 Ap 1916.

Cook, M. T. Common diseases of beans. New Jersey Agr. Exp.
Sta. Circ. 50: 1-4. 1916.

Cook, M. T., & Helyar, J. P. Diseases of grains and forage crops.

New Jersey Agr. Exp. Sta. Circ. 51 : 1-8. 1916.

Crabill, C. H. Note on apple root- rot in Virginia. Phytopathol-
ogy 6 : 159-161. /. /. Ap 1916.

Dearness, J. New or noteworthy species of fungi. Mycologia
8: 98-107. II Ap 1916.

Twenty-five new species are described.

Doolittle, S. P. A new infectious mosaic disease of cucumber.

Phytopathology 6: 1 45-1 47. Ap 1916.

Fawcett, H. S. Report of former plant pathologist. Ann. Rep.
Florida Agr. Exp. Sta. 1912 : ixiv-xcii. Mr 1913.

Includes further report on stem-end rot, Photnopsis citri.

Garman, H., & Didlake, M. Six different species of nodule bac-
teria. Kentucky Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 184: 343-363. /. 1-7.
Au 1914.

Gassner, G. Untersuchungen fiber die Abhangigkeit des Auf-
tretens der Getreideroste von Entwicklungszustand der Nahr-
flanze und von ausseren Baktoren. Centralb. Bakt. Zweite Abt.
44:512-617. 10 D 1915.

227

228

Mycologia

Gilbert, W. W. Cucumber mosaic disease. Phytopathology 6 :
143, 144- pl- 5- Ap 1916.

Greene, L. An apple orchard survey of Mills County. Iowa
Exp. Sta. Bull. 153: 253-316. /. 1-35. N 1914.

Includes notes and illustrations of the blister canker and other diseases
of apples.

Grossenbacher, J. G. Sour scab of Citrus in Florida, and its pre-
vention. Phytopathology 6: 127-142. /. 1-4. Ap 1916.
Harper, E. T. Two parasitic mushrooms. Mycologia 8: 65-72.
pl. 777-/79. II Ap 1916.

Harter, L. L. Sweet-potato diseases. U. S. Dept. Agr. Farmers’
Bull. 714: 1-26. /. 1-21. II Mr 1916.

Higgins, B. B. Plum wilt, its nature and causes. Georgia Agr.

Exp. Sta. Bull. 1 18: 1-29. /. 7-25. Ja 1916.

Howe, R. H. An interesting tropical lichen new to the United
States. Torreya 16 : 50. 26 F 1916.

Laurera niadreporiformis comb. nov.

Howitt, J. E., & McCubbin, W. A. An outbreak of white pine
blister rust in Ontario. Phytopathology 6 : 182-185. Ap 1916.
Howitt, J. E., & Stone, R. E. A troublesome disease of winter
tomatoes. Phytopathology 6 : 162-166. Ap 1916.

Humphrey, C. J. Laboratory tests on the durability of American
woods — I. Flask tests on conifers. Mycologia 8 : 80-92. pl.
183. II Ap 1916.

Jackson, H. S. An Asiatic species of Gymnosporangium estab-
lished in Oregon. Jour. Agr. Research 5 : 1003-1010. pl. yS, 79.
28 F 1916.

Jagger, I. C. Experiments with the cucumber mosaic disease.

Phytopathology 6: 148-151. Ap 1916.

Johnson, J. Resistance in tobacco to the root-rot disease. Phy-
topathology 6: 167-181. f. 1-6. Ap 1916.

Johnston, J. R. Causa de la enfermedad elamada pudricion del
cogollo del cocotero. Cuba Estac. Exp. Agron. Bull. 27 ; 1-106.
pl. 1-15. Ap 1915,

Kopeloff, N., Lint, H. C., & Coleman, D. A. A new method of
separating fungi from Protozoa and bacteria. Bot. Gaz. 61 :
247-250. 15 Mr 1916.

Letourneau, F. Encore une plaie ! Le Naturliste Canadien. 42 :
113-118. F 1916.

Includes notes on “La brulure ” (Bacillus amylovorus).

Index to American Mycological Literature 229

Lloyd, C.G. Mycological notes 39 : 525-540. /. D1915.

Includes notes on several species of Cordyceps ; the genus Mucronella;
Polyporus Mylittae ; Xylaria axifera; Cladoderris floridana ; Exidia; Sebacina
dendroidea ; Strobilomyces pallidus.

Manns, T. F. Some new bacterial diseases of legumes and the
relationship of the organisms causing the same. Delaware Agr.
Exp. Sta. Bull. 108: 1-44. pi. 1-21. Ap 1915.

McCubbin, W. A. Fruit tree diseases of southern Ontario. Can-
ada Dept. Agr. Exp. Farms Bull. 24: 1-77. f. 1-70. 1915.

McMurphy, J. A Phytophthora on oats. Science II. 43 : 534-
14 Ap 1916.

Meinecke, E. P. Forest pathology in forest regulation. U. S.

Dept. Agr. Bull. 275 ; 1-62. 7 Ap 1916.

Murrill, W. A. An attractive species of Melanoleuca from Ore-
gon. Mycologia 8: 113. ii Ap 1916.

Melanoleuca olivaceiflava sp. nov.

Peltier, G. L. Sclerotium Rolfsii in Illinois. Phytopathology 6 :
201, 202. Ap 1916.

Pool, V. W., & McKay, M. B. Climatic conditions as related to
Cercospora beticola. Jour. Agr. Research 6: 21-60. pl.^,4-\-f.
i-io. 3 Ap 1916.

Pool, V. W., & McKay, M. B. Relation of stomatal movement to
infection by Cercospora beticola. Jour. Agr. Research 5 ; loi i-
1038. pi. so, 5/ -f- f. 1-6. 28 F 1916.

Riddle, L. W. The lichens of Bermuda. Bull. Torrey Club 43 :
145-160. 20 My 1916.

Includes description of six new species.

Scott, W.M. Fighting orchard insects and diseases. Am. Fruit-
Grower 2: 3-5. Mr 1916. [Illust.]

Seaver, F. J. The earth-inhabiting species of Ascobolus. Myco-
logia 8: 93-97. pi. 184. Mr 1916.

Three new species are described.

Smith, C. 0. Cottony rot of lemons in California. Calif. Agr.
Exp. Sta. Bull. 265 : 237-258. f. i-ii. Ja 1916.

Sclerotinia libertiana.

Smith, C. 0. Preliminary studies on the resistance of Primus to
artificial inoculation with Bacterium tumefaciens. Phyto-
pathology 6 : 186-194. (5. Ap 1916.

Spaulding, P. The blister rust disease of white pine. Am. For-
estry 22 : 97, 98. /. A-D. F 1916.

230

Mycologia

Stevens, H. E. Report of plant pathologist. Ann. Rep. Florida
Agr. Exp. Sta. 1914: Ivii-lxxiv. Ap 1915.

Includes report of work on gummosis and melanose.

Stevens, N. E. Recovery of a tree from a lightning stroke.

Phytopathology 6: 204-206. Ap 1916.

Stewart, V. B., & Leonard, M. D. Further studies in the role of
insects in the dissemination of fire blight bacteria. Phyto-
pathology 6: 152-158. Ap 1916.

Sydow, H., & Sydow, P. Fungi amazonici a cl. E. Ule lecti.
Ann. Myc. 14: 65-97. 20 F 1916.

Includes six new genera and 60 new species in Uredinaceae (14), Ustilagl-
neae (i), Ascomycetes (38), and Fungi imperfecti (7).

Sturgis, W. C. Myxomycetes from South America. Mycologia
8: 34-41. 21 Ja 1916.

Taubenhaus, J. J. Soil stain, or scurf of the sweet potato. Jour.

Agr. Research 5 : 995-1002. pi. "j6, 77. 21 F 1916.

Temple, C. E. Diseases and insect pests of the potato. Idaho
Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 79: 40-67. /. 1-14. Ap 1914.

Travelbee, H. C. Correlation of certain long-cycled and short-
cycled rusts. Proc. Indiana Acad. Sci. 1914: 231-234. 1914.

Weir, J. R., & Hubert, E. E. Inoculation experiments with Peri-
dermium montanum. Phytopathology 6 : 68-70. E 1916.
Weir, J. R., & Hubert, E. E. A serious disease in forest nur-
series caused by Peridermium filamentosum. Jour. Agr. Re-
search 5 : 781-785. 24 Ja 1916.

Whetzel, H. H., & Rosenbaum, J. The Phytophthora rot of ap-
ples. Phytopathology 6 : 89, 90. F 1916.

Wilson, G. W. An Exobasidium on Armillaria. Proc. Iowa
Acad. Sci. 22 : 134. 1915.

Wolf, F. A. Further studies on peanut leafspot. Jour. Agr. Re-
search 5 : 891-902. 7 F 1916.

Wolf, F. A. Citrus canker. Jour. Agr. Research 6: 69-100. pi.
8-1 1 -f- /• 1-8. 10 Ap 1916.

Yates, H. S. The comparative histology of certain Californian
Boletaceae. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6 : 221-274. pi. 21-24. 25
F 1916.

Young, E. Studies in Porto Rican parasitic fungi — II. Myco-
logia 8: 42-46. 21 Ja 1916.

Six new species of Cercospora are described.

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MYCOLOGIA

IN CONTINUATION OF THE JOURNAL OF MYCOLOGY
Founded by W. A, Kellcmian, J. B. Blli8,and B. M. Everhart in 1885

EDITOR

WILLIAM ALPHONSO MURRILL

Vol. VIII— SEPTEMBER, 1916— No. 5

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FACE

Illustrations of Fungi — XXV - William A. Murrill 231
Photographs and Descriptions of Cup-fungi — IV. Peziza

cl3rpeata _ - _ . Fred J. Seaver 23f

A New Species of Endothia - Stephen C. Bruner '39
Hermann Edward Hasse, Lichenist - Bruce Fink 243
Some Kentucky Fungi - L. O. and Mae F. Overholts 249
Bibliography and New Species of Philippine Fungi.

Paul W. Graff 253
Index to American Mycologiceil Literature - - - 289

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Mycolocia

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ILLUSTRATIONS OF FUNGI

MYCOLOGIA

VoL. VIII September, 1916 No. 5

ILLUSTRATIONS OF FUNGI— XXV

William A. Murrill

Several species of the genus Venenarius, formerly called Ania~ •
nita, were figured in Mycologia 5 : pi. 87. The accompanying
plate shows additional varieties of the deadly amanita and an-
other species which is quite rare. The drawings were made by
Miss Eaton from specimens collected in or near New York City.

Venenarius solitarius (Bull.) Murrill
Amanita solitaria Fries

Warted Amanita Pine-cone Amanita

Plate 190. Figure i. X i

Pileus subglobose or convex, to plane, solitary, 5-20 cm. broad ;
surface dry, usually white or slightly yellowing, rarely cinereous or
murinous, densely pulverulent, or pelliculose adorned with seced-
ing, angular warts that may be soft, floccose, and flattened, or Arm
and erect, often becoming glabrous with age, margin smooth, at
times appendiculate ; context firm, white usually of mawkish flavor
and odor resembling that of chlorin ; lamellae usually adnexed and
rather narrow, occasionally free and rounded behind, more or less
crowded, white ; spores ellipsoid, smooth, hyaline, very variable
in size, 7-14X5-9/^; stipe subequal, usually radicate, bulbous
or enlarged or equal below, concolorous or paler, mealy above,
squamulose or imbricate-squamose below, solid or slightly
spongy, 4-15 cm. long, 1-4 cm. thick; annulus white, apical, fragile
or lacerate, often appendiculate or evanescent ; volva white, usually
friable, rarely remaining as concentric, margined scales or a short
limb at the base of the stipe.

[Mycologia for July (8: 191-230) was issued July 15, 1916.]

231

232

Mycologia

An exceedingly variable species, usually white and scaly and
often with a chlorin odor, occurring in the open or in thin
woods throughout most of the United States. It has been
considered edible, but Ford finds that it contains a small quantity
of the deadly amanita-toxin found in V enenarins phalloides and
it should therefore never be eaten. The variety here figured is
one of the rarest forms assumed by this species in America,
representing Agariciis echinocephalits Vitt. and Agaricits oniistus
Howe.

Venenarius glabriceps (Peck) Murrill
Smooth-capped Amanita

•Plate 190. Figure 2. X i

Pileus thin, ovoid, becoming broadly convex or centrally de-
pressed, 5—10 cm. broad; surface glabrous, viscid when moist,
rarely adorned when young with a few patches of the ruptured
volva, white or yellowish-white, sometimes slightly brownish at
the center, margin usually finely striate ; context white ; lamellae
thin, crowded, free, unequal, white ; spores globose, smooth,
hyaline, 7.5 ju. ; stipe long, slender, stuffed, glabrous or floccose-
squamulose, white, bulbous at the base, 7.5—15 cm. long, 6-12
mm. thick ; annulus thin, white, sometimes appendiculate or
evanescent ; volva adnate, marginate, definitely circumscissile.

This rare and elegant species occurs among fallen leaves in
woods in New York state. The surface is usually glabrous
from the first,, as in white and yellow forms of V. phalloides.
Peck says his Amanita phalloides striatiila is a small variety of
this species.

Vaginata albocreata (Atk.) .Murrill
Amanitopsis albocreata Atk.

White-booted Vaginata

Plate 190. Figure 3. X i

Pileus convex to expanded, 5-8 cm. broad ; surface viscid, with
floccose volval patches which usually mostly disappear with age,
white with yellow center, or at times entirely pale-yellow, margin
finely striate and minutely tuberculate ; context thin, white ; lamel-
lae free or slightly adnexed, rounded in front, narrowed behind,
floccose on the edges; spores globose, smooth, hyaline, 7—10/4;
stipe cylindric or slightly tapering upward, abruptly bulbous,
minutely floccose or farinose, white, hollow, 10-13 cm. long, 6-12

Murrill: Illustrations of Fungi

233

mm. thick ; bulb ocreate, with limb narrow, as in V. pantherinus,
and sometimes very slight ; volval patches may occur in concen-
tric lines on the lower part of the stipe.

Rare in open grassy places or thin woods from New York to
Alabama. This species very much resembles Vcnenarius glahri-
ceps, but is without an annulus. The volva is white and fits the
base of the stipe closely like a stocking. Peck called this species
A. nivalis.

Lepiota aspera (Pers.) Quel.

Spiny Lepiota

Plate 190. Figure 4. X i

Pileus fleshy, hemispheric to convex and expanded, obtuse, at
times depauperate, usually 7-12 cm. broad; surface appressed-
tomentose, pale-ferruginous, decorated, especially near the center,
with brown, compact, sometimes pointed, wart-like, separable
scales ; context moderately thick, white or yellowish ; lamellae
rather narrow, closely crowded, sometimes forked, white or yel-
lowish, tapering behind, free, approximate; spores 5-10 X 2— 4/x;
stipe thick, tapering upward from the bulbous base, fistulose or
fibrous-stuffed, white and pruinose above the annulus, tomentose
or fibrillose-scaly and ferruginous below, usually 8-12 cm. long,
8-12 mm. thick at the apex, and 1&-25 mm. thick at the base ; veil
usually large, white, membranous, persistent, adherent in places
to the margin of the pileus and annulate upon the stipe, at times
reduced and fibrillose.

A rather frequent species in rich soil or humus in shaded places
throughout most of the United States, and known under several
names, such as Lepiota acutesquarnosa, L. Friesii, L. asperula,
and L. eriophora. It varies considerably in size and in the char-
acter of the spines, which are often reduced to mere wart-like,
readily separable scales.

Venenarius phalloides (Fries) Murrill
Amanita phalloides Quel.

Deadly Amanita Destroying Angel

Plate 190. Figure 5. X 1

Pileus convex or campanulate to expanded, 3-15 cm. broad;
surface smooth, slightly viscid when moist, glabrous or decorated
with scattered patches of the volva, varying in color from pure-
white to yellow, yellowish-green, green, gray, brown, or blackish,

234

Mycologia

margin rarely striate ; context extremely poisonous, white, not ob-
jectionable to the taste but having at times a somewhat disagree-
able odor ; lamellae white, unchanging, broad, ventricose, rounded
at the base and free or adnexed ; spores globose, smooth, hyaline,
7-10 /x; stipe subequal, bulbous, long, smooth or floccose-scaly,
usually white, stuffed or hollow, 6-15 cm. long, 0.5-1. 5 cm. thick;
annulus superior, membranous, thin, ample, persistent or at times
becoming torn away, usually white ; volva white, adnate to the
base of the large, rounded bulb, the limb usually free, conspicuous,
lobed, thick and fleshy, persistent, but at times breaking partly or
wholly into irregular patches that are either carried up on the sur-
face of the pileus or remain at the base of the stipe.

This most deadly species, for which no antidote is known,
occurs widely distributed in many forms and colors, but is al-
ways distinguished by the presence of a distinct volva or death-
cup at the base of the stipe. See Mycologia 5 : pi. 8p, f. i for an
illustration of the common white form known as the destroying
angel. The brown form figured on the accompanying plate is
very rare about New York City but quite common farther north,
where it attains a larger size.

It is frequently stated that poisons may be removed from mush-
rooms by boiling them in water and throwing the water away.
This may be true of some species, but it is by no means true of
the deadly amanita. This species has only recently been sub-
jected to severe tests with both dry heat and steam without dis-
organizing or extracting the poison from the substance of the cap.

The variety of colors assumed by this species — white, yellow,
green, gray, brown, blackish — and the fact that the annulus and
the limb of the volva may sometimes be lost, make it necessary
to use great caution in selecting any white-gilled species with
bulbous stipe for food, whether an annulus is present or not.
All species of Venenarius and Vaginata, and several species of
Lepiota, must be examined with great care.

New York Botanical Garden.

PHOTOGRAPHS AND DESCRIPTIONS OF
CUP-FUNGI— IV. PEZIZA CLYPEATA

Fred J. Seaver

(With Plate 191, Containing 2 Figures)

Among the fleshy cup-fungi, there are few which have been the
subject of more confusion and misunderstanding than Peziza
clypeata Schw. The species was originally described by Schwei-
nitz from material collected in North Carolina.

A specimen collected October, 1883, by the late A. P. Morgan
was sent to Mr. J. B. Ellis with the following note; “I enclose
what I take to be Peziza clypeata Schw. Do you find this species ?
The substance is quite thick and firm ; it spread out flat upon the
wood ; it grows on old rotten logs with a damp smooth surface.”
A note appended to this specimen apparently by Mr. Ellis states,
— “ probably = N. A. F. 568.” This number had already been
distributed under the name of Psilopezia nummularia. From
this time the two species seem to have been confused.

In the “ Discomycetes of the Miami Valley,” l\Ir. Morgan^ in
referring to Peziza clypeata Schw. says : “ I had always taken
this for Psilopezia nummularia until I got Massee’s work.” In
the same paper, referring to Psilopezia nummularia, he says :
“ Although the type of this species was sent from Cincinnati by
Mr. Lea, I do not appear to have collected it, my specimens exam-
ined by Mr. Massee being pronounced Peziza adnata B. & C.”
Mr. Morgan, in the same paper, regarded this as a synonym of
Peziza clypeata Schw. which it undoubtedly is, if Massee was
correct in his determination of the Ohio specimen. Peziza ad-
nata, a tropical plant described from Cuba, is said to have rough
spores. This may be due to faulty observation, for the two
species agree perfectly in other characters. At any rate, Peziza
clypeata and Peziza adnata have come to be regarded as syno-
nyms.

Although Mr. Morgan says that he had always regarded his

1 Jour. Myc. 8: 189. 1902.

235

236

Mycologia

Ohio plants as Psilopezia nummularia Berk, until Massee’s work
caused him to change his mind, the letter referred to above
written in 1883 by his own hand shows that he originally sus-
pected that this was Schweinitz’s plant and he was doubtless
misled by the wrong determination of plants distributed by Mr.
Ellis. ^ In his later paper on the “ Discomycetes of the Miami
Valley,” it will be noted that his early suspicions were confirmed.
To ]\Ir. Morgan, therefore, probably belongs the credit of having
worked out the identity of Pcziza clypeata Schw.

In 1879, Dr. Peck redescribed this plant as Bulgaria bicolor.
Later having apparently decided that it was not a Bulgaria, he
transferred it to the genus Pcziza. The specific name was un-
tenable in this genus since it was preoccupied and the name Pcziza
orbicularis was used. I have examined the type of this species
and find it identical with Pcziza clypeata.

With the single exception of the specimen sent to Mr. Ellis
in 1883, all of the plants of this species which have been studied
in our collection — and the species has been collected frequently —
have been called Psilopezia nummularia Berk, or Pcziza orbicu-
laris Peck. The object of the present paper is to call attention
to the identity of the plant and its synonyms.

Except for a slight difference in the color of dried plants,
Psilopezia juruensis P. Henn. does not seem to differ. Speci-
mens of this species from* South America have been examined.

The fact that these plants occur on much decayed wood renders
it difficult to determine its substratum with certainty. Dr. Peck
reports his plants on deca3nng birch. Our own appeared to be
growing on decaying soft maple. In most cases the plants are
reported simply on rotten wood.

While Psilopezia nummularia Berk, is usually regarded as a
distinct species, there is enough similarity between the two to
partly justify the confusion which has existed. The two are
similar in spore characters and color. Both are adnate to the
wood on which they grow. In Psilopezia nummularia, how-
ever, the plants appear to be smaller — they were originally de-
scribed as one third of an inch in diameter — and always entirely
adnate and surrounded by a white mycelial border. The margin

2North American Fungi 568

Seaver: Cup-Fungi

237

appears never to be elevated in young plants as it is in Pesisa
clypeata Schw. Psilopesia nummiilaria has not been so fre-
quently collected and probably for this reason its characters are
not so well known.

The following description of Pezisa clypeata Schw. is based on
a study of fresh plants which have been collected and studied
for the past three or four seasons. Colored sketches of the plants
in all stages have also been preserved. The accompanying illus-
trations were made from fresh plants and show both the old and
young stages of development.

Peziza clypeata Schw. Schr. Nat. Ges. Leipzig i ; 117. 1822

Peziza adnata Berk. & Curt. Jour. Linn. Soc. 10: 365. 1868.

Bulgaria bicolor Peck, Ann. Rep. N. Y. State Mus. 32 : 49. 1879.

Peziza orbicularis Peck, Bull. N. Y. State Mus. 2 ; 20. 1887.

Discina adnata Sacc. Syll. Fung. 8: 100. 1889.

Discina clypeata Sacc. Syll. Fung. 8; loi. 1889.

Discina orbicularis Sacc. Syll. Fung. 8: 103. 1889.

IPeziza Barlaeana Bres. Fungi Trident. 2 : 74. 1892.

Psilopezia jiiruensis P. Henn. Hedwigia 43; 273. 1904.

IPachyella Barlaeana Bond. Hist. Class. Discom. Eu. 50. 1907.
Psilopeziza orbicularis Dodge, Trans. Wise. Acad. Sci. 17: 1052.

1913-

Apothecia gregarious but not usually crowded, at first gfobose,
gradually opening, soon becoming shallow cup-shaped, later dis-
coid, regular in outline or occasionally more or less distorted when
old, becoming closely adnate to the substratum to the extreme
margin or with a narrow margin free and slightly upturned, vary-
ing in size from a few mm. when young to 3 or 4 cm. when ma-
ture ; hymenium at first dark reddish brown, smooth and glisten-
ing, later assuming an olive tint and losing its luster, when old
greenish-black (almost entirely black when dried), splitting in old
specimens, giving rise to whitish vein-like markings, the splitting
due to the unequal shrinkage of the apothecium and the sub-
stratum, substance soft, inclined to waxy ; asci cylindric, reaching
a diameter of ly fi, often spirally twisted when dry; spores
I -seriate, ellipsoid, smooth, hyaline, with i or 2 large oil-drops,
12-14X25-27, or rarely 30-33//.; paraphyses adhering together,
septate, strongly enlarged above, reaching a diameter of 7 or 8//,
densely filled with yellowish-brown coloring matter.

On much decayed deciduous logs of various kinds which are
saturated with water.

238

Mycologia

Type locality: North Carolina.

Distribution: New York to Wisconsin, North Carolina and
Cuba ; also in South America.

Illustrations : Peck, Bull. N. Y. State Mus. 2 : pi. 2, f. 4-6 ;
Hedwigia 43 : 273, /. j-3 : ( ?) Boud. Ic. Myc. pi. 310; ( ?) Bres.
Fungi Trident, pi. i8y.

Exsiccati : Ellis, N. Am. Eungi 368 (as Psilopezia nummiilaria
Berk.).

New York Botanical Garden.

Mycologia

Plate CXCI

PEZIZA CLYPEATA SCHW.

A NEW SPECIES OF ENDOTHIA

Stephen C. Bruner

(With Plate 192, Containing s Figures)

On the grounds of the Estacion Experimental Agronomica and
elsewhere in the vicinity of Santiago de las Vegas, the writer
has found an Endothia to be quite common on several species of
Eucalyptus and on the mango {Mangifera indica). IMicroscop-
ical and cultural studies have shown this form to be distinct
from any previously described species. On Eucalyptus, the
fungus is usually found on the bark of dead or injured trees.
It is also sometimes seen on the outer layers of rough bark on
large healthy trees. On mango, the fungus has been found only
on dead branches lying on the ground. No perithecia have yet
been obtained from this source, but in culture this form is indis-
tinguishable from that on Eucalyptus. The pycnidial stage of the
fungus has also been observed on the avocado {Per sea gratis-
sima) and the jobo (Spondias mombin). A specimen on the
last was collected near Herradura in the province of Pinar del
Rio by Dr. C. L. Shear, of the United States Department of Agri-
culture, and kindly presented to the writer by him. This is the
only instance so far known of the occurrence of this Endothia
on a native tree, although the fungus itself is undoubtedly of
Cuban origin.

In general characters, the fungus rather closely resembles
Endothia radicalis (Schw.) DeNot. However, the ascospores
are larger and slightly different in form, and in culture the color
reactions of the two are quite distinct.

Cultural Characters

Boiled rice, sterile Eucalyptus twigs, and potato agar were the
media found most satisfactory in studying this fungus, although
others were used to some extent. These were prepared accord-
ing to the following formulae :

Rice. Place 3 grams of dry commercial rice and 10 cc. of dis-

239

240

Mycologia

tilled water in test tubes and autoclave at 115° C. for one-half
hour.

Eucalyptus twigs. Select twigs of Eucalyptus botryoides about
% inch in diameter, and by alternate diagonal and transverse
cuts divide into sections approximately inches long. Place
with the slanted surface upward iii test tubes containing 2 or 3
c.c. of distilled water. Autoclave for 15 minutes at 115° C.

Potato agar. Boil 250 grams of sliced potato in 1000 cc. of
distilled water for i hour. Filter through cotton. Restore loss
due to evaporation, etc. Add 115 grams of shredded agar; steam
until thoroughly dissolved. Filter through cotton. Tube and
autoclave for 15 minutes at 115° C.

All cultures were incubated under ordinary laboratory condi-
tions, the mean temperature during the period being 21.5° C.

Cultures on Rice. — On this medium the behavior of the fungus
is character^ized by a rather tardy and scant production of pig-
ment— a character which readily distinguishes it from the other
known species of Endothia occurring in North America and the
West Indies. Within three or four days after inoculation, there
is a somewhat short cottony growth of mycelium over the upper
surfaces of the medium. After five to seven days, small points
of orange-yellow appear in places where the pycnidia are begin-
ning to form and the older aerial mycelium changes to ivory-
white or pale-buff. In about fifteen days, the rather large yellow
pycnidia mature and exude moist masses or tendrils of bright-
yellow or orange-colored spores. No marked submerged color
changes of any kind take place, the medium merely turning to a
pale-dirty-buff as growth proceeds. The aerial mycelium re-
mains white or pale-buff and the yellow color is seen only where
the pycnidia have developed. No further changes occur except
that in old cultures pycnidia formed against the sides of the
tubes often become dark-brown.

Cultures on Eucalyptus Twigs. — Cultures five days old show a
thin web-like growth over the cut surfaces, with here and there
small masses of yellowish mycelium where pycnidia are begin-
ning to form. Two days later, a few pycnidia mature and the
exudation of spore masses begins. Pycnidia continue to form on
the cut surfaces and later on the bark. The surface growth re-

Bruner: New Species of Endothia

241

mains rather thin and clinging, becoming pale-buff when old.
Cultures fifteen days old show numerous large pale-yellow or buff
pycnidia on the cut surfaces and a smaller number scattered over
the bark. These in many cases exude moist masses or tendrils
of orange-yellow spores. Further changes consist mainly in the
formation of additional pycnidia and a somewhat heavier growth
of surface mycelium.

Cultures on Potato Agar. — Single ascospores when transferred
to tubes of potato agar produce in one week hyaline growths which
extend on the surface from 4 to 10 mm. from the point of inocula-
tion. The submerged growth is somewhat less extensive. The
advancing edges are irregularly denticulate and slightly undulate
in outline, and the surface presents a gently contoured, somewhat
fluted appearance. In from 8 to 10 days after inoculation num-
bers of yellow pycnidia are formed in a group on the lower por-
tion of the slant. These are more or less connected by a short
cream white growth of surface mycelium. Except for a small
amount of dowuiy wdiite mycelium at the upper edge of the
medium and an occasional tuft at the point of inoculation, no
other surface grow'th of any kind is developed. The pycnidia
soon after their formation emit masses of orange-yellow' spores.
No submerged color is produced and, except for the gradual dry-
ing of the medium, there are no further changes of any kind.

Endothia havanensis sp. nov.

Stroma innate, then erumpent, gregarious, at first bright-yellow',
later orange-colored, finally yellow'-brown when very old, in-
terior immediately surrounding perithecia lighter in color than
outer layers, cream-white or pale-buff in newly formed stromata,
commonly roundish wart-shaped to sub-elongate, 2-15 X 2-4
mm., varying according to the situation in which formed. Peri-
thecia black, globose with long necks, deeply imbedded in stroma,
usually 275—400 fji in diameter ; ostioles dark, distinct, exserted
on slender protuberances of varying lengths, these commonly 200—
1000X90-135/^; asci sub-clavate, eight-spored, aparaphysate,
33-41 X 5-7-5/^; ascospores subdistichous, fusoid, tw^o-celled, con-
stricted at the septum, usually minutely guttulate, hyaline, often
slightly inequilateral, 7.47-9.54 X 2.92-4.15 /u, ; pycnidia formed
as irregular cavities in the stroma ; pycnospores minute, rod-
shaped with rounded ends, hyaline, 2.9-4. 5 X .83-1.66 /x; erupt-
ing from indefinite ostioles in yellow or orange-yellow tendrils.

242

Mycologia

Habitat in dead bark of Eucalyptus occidentalis Endl., E. hotry-
oides Sm., E. rostrata Schlecht., E. microphylla Willd., E. robusta
Sm., Persea gratissima Gaertn. f., and Mangifera indica L., near
Santiago de las Vegas, Havana, and Spondias mombin L., near
Herradura, Pinar del Rio, Cuba.

The writer is indebted to Dr. C. L. Shear for supplying cul-
tures and specimens of Endothia longirostris Earle and to Mr.
R. H. Feild of Taylorsville, N. C., for specimens of Endothia
radicalis (Schw.) DeNot.

Estacion Experimental Agronqmica,

Santiago de las Vegas, Cuba.

Explanation of Plate CXCII
Endothia havanensis Bruner

Fig. I. Sectional view of stroma showing perithecia.

Fig. 2. An ascus.

Fig. 3. Ascospores.

Fig. 4. Section of young stroma showing pycnidial cavity.

Fig. 5. Pycnospores (see Fig. 3 for scale).

All figures drawn with the aid of a camera lueida.

Mycologia

Plate CXCII

ENDOTHIA HAVANENSIS BRUNER

i.Vl*

•* >"

Mycologia

Plate CXCIII

DR. H. E. BASSE

HERMANN EDWARD HASSE LICHENIST

Bruce Fink

With the passing of Doctor Hasse, October 15, 1915, botanical
science lost the man who has added, it seems, the largest number
of lichens to our North American flora, through his own collect-
ing, since the days of Tuckerman. In a letter to the present
writer, in 1905, Doctor Hasse said, referring to a mention of his
work, “ As to the very kind mention you have made of my very
unworthy self in the historical part of your paper, I must say
that I can scarcely deserve so much credit as you have awarded
me. It has been almost entirely a matter of muscle and luck
rather than brains in collecting species.” However, we must
still insist that the keen observation and the great pains and zeal
shown in collecting so many rare things as did the late Califor-
nian lichenist involve much more than “ muscle and luck.” This
is especially true since he entered the work after the conspicuous
species had been named, and his new species were almost entirely
obscure ones. But again we may call attention to the fact that
Doctor Hasse’s best work was accomplished, as will be seen,
after the date at which he wrote the above statement.

The present writer began with Doctor Hasse, soon after his
first paper on lichens appeared in 1895, a correspondence which
extended through two decades. Doctor Hasse was an isolated
worker and was more communicative by letter than are most
botanists. Thus it comes that through this correspondence of
twenty years, we have before us the main facts regarding the life
of the subject of our sketch. He wrote in one letter of his birth
in Freiburg, Germany, in 1836, and of his migration to America
at nine years of age. Ten years later he began to work for “a
druggist, a thorough chemist and botanist, to whose instruction,”
he says he owed “the predilection for the latter science.” He
began the study of medicine in St. Louis in 1856, but went to
Europe the following year, where he continued the study for four
years, mainly at Leipzig, with short periods of study at Prague

243

244

Mycologia

and Wurzburg. Returning to America in i86i, he served
throughout the entire Civil War as surgeon to the 9th and the
24th \\hsconsin Infantry Regiments. Throughout the war, he
carried a copy of the 1857 edition of Gray’s jNIanual, which he
kept to his last days as a cherished souvenir, well filled with an-
notations about plants observed.

After the war. Doctor Hasse practiced medicine in Wisconsin,
Missouri, Arkansas, and California, entering the last State in
1879. Ten years later, he was appointed surgeon to the Soldier’s
Home near Santa Monica, California, and it was in this position
that botanists came to know him as a student of lichens. He re-
signed in 1905 and, for the last ten years of his life, gave his
attention largely to the study of his favorite plants. He says in
one of his letters, “I took up with lichens about- 1880. But the
real incentive was given about 1890, by a circular from the late
Doctor Stizenberger, in which he desired contributions of Pacific
Coast lichens.” So it appears that Doctor Hasse worked as a
collector for fifteen years before botanists became aware of him
through his papers, and was at work for thirty-five years instead
of merely the twenty years during which his papers were appear-
ing frequently.

As is well known, our Californian collector and student of
lichens began his work at a time when it was difficult to get much
help in America. By that time he was needing help badly.
Tuckerman was dead, and Willey was beyond his active years.
Writing in 1896 he said, “ Professor Farlow has, with great kind-
ness, helped me out, but I am fearful of encroaching too much
upon his time.” Aside from this help. Doctor Hasse had no
choice but to continue to send his material to Doctors Stizenber-
ger, Nylander, and Zahlbruckner in turn. Hence the early new
species were named entirely by these three European lichenists,
though Doctor Hasse has in recent years named a considerable
number of his new species for himself, working against the handi-
cap of lack of literature and large collections of specimens. The
three European lichenists frequently sent the names of new
species with very brief diagnostic notes or none at all. In some
instances descriptions were written later by themselves, or per-
haps more often by Doctor Hasse as we infer from his state-

Fink; Hermann Edward Hasse

245

ments in letters to the present writer. How many of these still
remain imdescribed, could only be determined by a comparison of
Doctor Flasse’s correspondence with the three lichenists named
with the lists of new species published as a result of his many
years of collecting.

Doctor Hasse’s work grew constantly in interest and impor-
tance from 1895, when his first contribution appeared until the
time when his largest contribution appeared in 1913. The genus
Hassea and several species were dedicated to him. The total
number of new species resulting from. his collecting in southern
California in twenty-five years is not far from 75. “The lichen
flora of Southern California,” published in 1913 by the Smith-
sonian Institution, a manual of 145 pages, containing descriptions
of about 400 species of lichens, with good keys, is a fitting monu-
ment to his industry and his knowledge of the lichen flora of the
region covered. As will be noted in the list of titles to follow, a
number of additions to the flora of the region were made after
the appearance of this work.

In 1906, Mr. John I. Kane presented to the New York Botan-
ical Garden about 3,000 species and many duplicates from Doctor
Hasse’s herbarium. After the death of Doctor Hasse, a large
collection of lichens was purchased for the Cryptogamic Her-
barium of Harvard University from Mrs. Hasse. The collection
now at Harvard must be the one used by Doctor Hasse in his
final work on the lichen flora of Southern California.

List of Papers by Doctor Hasse

Lichens of the vicinity of Los Angeles. I. Erythea 3: 41-44. 1895.

A list of 90 lichens with habitats. Rinodina angelica and Verrucaria
plumbaria were named by Doctor Stizenberger.

Lichens of the vicinity of Los Angeles. II. Erythea 4; 96—98. 1896.

A list of 29 lichens with habitats, determined by Doctor Stizenberger.
Lichens of the vicinity of Los Angeles. III. Erythea 4: 106-108. 1896.

A list of 56 lichens with habitats. Lecanora redimita and Biatora
phaeophora were named by Doctor Stizenberger.

Lichens of the vicinity of Los Angeles. IV. Erythea 4: 150, 151. 1896.

A list of 17 lichens, mostly determined by Doctor Farlow.

New species of lichens from Southern California as determined by Dr^ W.
Nylander and the late Dr. Stizenberger. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 24; 445—
449. 1897-

Descriptions of 19 new lichens as follows: Parmelia subolivacea Nyl.,

246

Mycologia

Heppia terrena Nyl., Lecanora pleistospora Nyl., L. pleiospora Nyl., L.
rediunta Stiz., L. obpalens Nyl., L. {Placodium) subpyraceella Nyl., L.
stenospora Stiz., Rinodina angelica Stiz., Lecidea dolodes Nyl., L. sub-
plebia, L. catalinaria Stiz., L. {Biatora) phaeospora Stiz., L. squalida
pcrsimilans Nyl., Arthonia subdisjuncta Nyl., Verrucaria plumbaria Stiz.,
V. submiiralis Nyl., V. squamella Nyl., and V. inductula Nyl.

Lichens of Southern California. Pamphlet, i— 18. Los Angeles, R. R.
Baumgartner and Company, 1898.

A list of 307 lichens with notes, being a second edition of the portion
on lichens in McCletchie’s Seedless Plants of Southern California, 1897.
New lichens named by Doctor Nylander are Homodium microdium, Col-
lemopsis segregata, Pannularia ruderatnla, Heppia leptopholis, Lecanora
{Placodium) peludella, L. stibdispersa, L. praecrenata, L. glaucopisma,
Arthonia pruinosella, Lecidea admiscens, L. atrolutescens, L. fuscaioatra,
and Verrucaria bacillosa.

New species of lichens from Southern California determined by Professor W.
Nylander. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 25: 632, 633. 1898.

The species described are four: Lecanora praecrenata, Arthonia prui-
nosella, Thelopsis subporinella, and Lecidea triphragmioides.

The genus Dirina in North America. Bull. So. Cal. Acad. Sci. 13; 26, 27.
1902.

Notes on Dirina rediunta (Stiz.) Zahlbr. and D. Hassei Zahlbr.

The lichen flora of San Clemente Island. Bull. So. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2 : 54,
SS- 1903.

A list of 22 lichens with habitats.

Contributions to the lichen flora of the California Coast Islands. Bull. So.
Cal. Acad. Sci. 2: 23-26. 32-35. 1903.

The two lists contain somewhat more than too lichens with localities.
Additions to the lichen flora of Southern California. Bull. So. Cal. Acad.
Sci. 2: 52-54. 58-60. 71-73. 1903-

Lists of about 120 lichens with notes. Nineteen lichens are spoken of
as new. Of these 15 had been previously described, while Buellia
triphragmioides appears as a nomen nudum. New and described by
Nylander are Lecidea dolodes, Verrucaria discordans, and V. dacryodes.
Contributions to the lichen flora of Southern California. Bull. So. Cal, Acad.

Sci. 5: 38-45- 1906. •

A list of 98 lichens with notes.

A few lichens picked up on San Jacinto Mountain. Bull. So. Cal. Acad. Sci.
4: 123-125. 1906.

A short list with notes.

Unreported plants from the vicinity of Los Angeles, California. Muhlen-
bergia 3: 114. 1907.

Consists of notes on two rare seed plants.

Lichens collected in the Tehachepi Mountains, California. Bryologist 11:
55-57- 1908.

A list of 56 lichens with notes.

Additions to the lichen flora of Southern California. Bryologist 11 : 6, 7.
1908.

A list of 16 lichens with notes Lecanactis salicina Zahlbr. appears
as a nomen nudum.

k

Fink : Hermann Edward Hasse

247

Lichens collected in the Tehachepi Mountains (a correction). Bryologist ii :
74. 1908.

A note correcting two citations of authors in the previous paper.

Additions to the lichen flora of Southern California. Bryologist 13 : 60-62.
1910.

Descriptions of five lichens, of which Bacidia dementis Hasse and
Haematomma pacifica Hasse are new species.

Additions to the lichen flora of Southern California. No. 4. Bryologist 13 .
Ill— 112. 1910.

The paper consists of descriptions of three lichens, of which Lecanora
marginalis Hasse is new.

Additions to the lichen flora of Southern California. No. 5. Bryologist 14:
2-4. 1911.

Descriptions of five lichens, of which Biatorella terrena Hasse, Acaro-
spora peltata Hasse, and Caloplaca verrucosa Hasse are new.

Additions to the lichen flora of Southern California. No. 6. Bryologist 14 :
100— 102. 1911.

The paper consists of descriptions of the following new species, named
by Hasse : Heppia Zahlbruckneri, Bacidia Kingmani, Dirina catalinariae,
and Caloplaca Rosei.

Additions to the lichen flora of Southern California. No. 7. Bryologist 15:
45-48. 1912.

Descriptions of nine rare lichens, of which Lecidea bullata Hasse and
Mycoporellum Hassei Zahlbr. are new.

Additions to the lichen flora of Southern California. No. 8. Bryologist 16:
I, 2. 1913-

The paper consists of descriptions of four lichens, of which Maronea
constans sublecideina Zahlbr. and Dermatocarpon Zahlbruckneri Hasse
are new.

The lichen flora of Southern California. Cont. U. S. Nat. Herb. 17: I-XIH.
1-132. 1913.

This publication contains good keys, and descriptions of about 400
lichens, of which about 65 were discovered in the region covered. New
species are Microglaena subcorallina Hasse, Endocarpon lepidallum Nyl.,
Thelopsis subporinella Nyl., Mycoporellum epistigmellum Hasse, M. Has-
sei Zahlbr., Lecidea fuscatoatra Nyl., L. subplebeia Nyl., and Acarospora
aeruginosa Hasse.

Report of the lichen department for 1913. Bryologist 17: 15. 1914.

A new Reinkella from Mexico, Reinkella Parishii Hasse. Bryologist 17; 45,
46. 1914.

Additions to the lichen flora of Southern California. No. 9. Bryologist 17 :
61-63. 1914-

Lecania fructigena Zahlbr., Acarospora californica Zahlbr., Placole-
cania Hassei Zahlbr., and Lecanora peltastictoides Hasse are new.

A new species of Blastenia. Bryologist 17: 92. 1914.

Doctor Hasse describes Blastenia Herrei from Washington.

Report of the lichen department for 1914. Bryologist 18: 15, 16. 1915.

Additions to the lichen flora of Southern California. No. 10. Bryologist 18;
22, 23. 1915.

248

Mycologia

Two of Doctor Zahibruckner’s new species are described, Rinodina
dirinoides and R. euryspora.

A note on Blastema Herrei Hasse. Bryologist i8: 29. 1915.

The note states that this species is a synonym for Lecanora atro-
sanguinea Merrill, previously described.

Additions to the lichen flora of Southern California. No. ii. Bryologist 18:
76-79. 1915.

A list of species with notes.

Miami University,

Oxford, Ohio.

SOME KENTUCKY FUNGI

L. O. AND Mae F. Overholts

In the summer of 1915, the writers spent three days, July 10-
12, collecting fungi in Madison County, Kentucky. The first
place visited was Richmond, where only a few collections were
made in the limited time available. The journey was then con-
tinued to Berea, at the base of the Cumberland Mountains, where
the remainder of the time was spent. The region west and south
of Berea is extremely rough, and the hills and valleys yielded a
great profusion of fleshy fungi after the copious rains of sev-
eral previous weeks.

Very little attention has been given to the fungous flora of
Kentucky. In 1909, Dr. Bruce Fink spent portions of the months
of August and September in this same region. He made about
seventy-five collections of Boletaceae, representing about thirty
species. These were identified by Dr. Murrill and the list pub-
lished by him in Mycologia for November of that year. A few
collections belonging to families other than the Boletaceae were
subsequently turned over to the senior writer and are included
in the present list. Aside from the above mentioned brief ac-
count, no local check list has ever been published from any local-
ity within the state.

The fungous flora of Kentucky is of particular interest in that
it combines the flora of the, north central prairie states with that
of the Appalachian Mountains. In addition, we may expect to
find within the state a considerable number of typically southern
species. It was thought that the present list might be of interest
to workers within the state, or might stimulate collectors in other
parts of the state to publish their results, for it is only through
the united efforts of a large number of local collectors that we
can become acquainted with the fungous flora of any large region.

The present list is recognized to be extremely incomplete and
perhaps it does not represent as much as one-tenth of the number
of species that may be expected to occur within the state. Most

249

250

Mycologia

of the collections were made either on the wooded campus of
Berea College or else in Cow Bell Hollow, a wooded tract also
owned by the college and distant about four miles from the town.
Big Hill, another station, is in the same locality. Specimens of
all but a few of the species listed here are preserved in the her-
barium of the senior writer. We are under special obligation
to Professor C. D. Lewis, of Berea College, for supplying facili-
ties for drying the specimens in the biological laboratory.

ASCOMYCETES

Leotia chlorocephala Schw. On the ground by stream. Cow Bell Hollow.

BASIDIOMYCETES

I. Tremellaceae

Tremella albida Fries. On oak wood. Berea College Campus. At least this
is the plant that goes by the above name in this country.

2. Thelephoraceae

Craterellus cantharellus Schw. ex Fries. On the ground under oaks. Berea
College Campus.

C. cornucopioides L. ex Pers. On the ground in woods. Cow Bell Hollow.
Stereum fasciatum Schw. On oak log. Cow Bell Hollow.

Thelephora anthocephala Bull, ex Fries. On the ground in oak woods.
Berea College Campus.

T. palinata Scop, ex Fries. On the ground in woods. Cow Bell Hollow.
Tremellodendron pallidum Schw. On the ground in woods. Cow Bell Hol-
low. (= Thelephora Schweinitsii.)

3. Clavariaceae

Clavaria fusiformis Sow. On the ground in woods. Big Hill, August 18,
1909, Dr. Bruce Fink. Three other collections of Clavaria were made,
none of which have been positively identified. ■

4. Hydnaceae

Hydniim adustum Schw. On oak limbs. Cow Bell Hollow.

H. erinaceum Bull. Dried specimen found in Botany laboratory of Berea
College. Data unknown.

H. sonatum Batsch. ex Fries. On mossy ground. Cow Bell Hollow.

S. Polyporaceae

Pomes applanatus Pers. ex Wallr. On oak log. Cow Bell Hollow.

F. lobatus Schw. ex Cooke. Around old stump. Cow Bell Hollow.

F. rimosus Berk. On living black locust. Richmond.

Polyporus Berkeley! Fr. On the ground at base of oak tree. Berea College
Campus.

OvERiioLTs : Some Kentucky Fungi

251

P. cinnabarintts Jacq. cx Fries. On oak log. Cow Bell Hollow.

P. cinnamomeus Jacq. ex Fries. On mossy bank. Cow Bell Hollow.

P. Curtisii Berk. Around stump. Cow Bell Hollow.

P. gilvus Schw. ex Fries. On oak wood. Berea College Campus.

P. hirsutus Wulfen ex Fries. On dead wood. Berea College Campus.

P. pargamemts Fries. In wounds on living oak. Berea College Campus.

P. robiniophilns Murrill ex Lloyd. On living black locust. Richmond.

P. semipileatus Peck. On dead oak limbs. Cow Bell Hollow.

P. luUpiferus Schw. ex Overholts. On dead oak limbs. Berea College Campus.

P. versicolor L. ex Fries. On dead branches and on old stumps. Berea Col-
lege Campus.

Trametes cornea Nees ex Cooke. On dead pine logs. Big Hill, August 25,
1909, Dr. Bruce Fink.

6. Boletaceae

Boletus auriporus Peck. On the ground in oak woods. Berea College Campus.

B. felleiis Bull. On the ground in open woods. Cow Bell Hollow.

B, retipes Berk. & Curt. On the ground in woods. Cow Bell Hollow.

Fistulina hepatica Fries. At base of living chestnut. Cow Bell Hollow.

Strobiloinyces strobilaceus Scop, ex Berk. Around a rotten log. Cow Bell

Hollow.

7. Agaricaceae

Amanita Caesarea Scop, ex Fries. On the ground in oak woods. Cow Bell
Hollow.

A. Frostiana Peck. On a rotten log in mixed woods. Cow Bell Hollow.

A. phalloides Fries. On the ground in oak woods. Berea College Campus.

A. rubescens Fries. On the ground in oak woods. Berea College Campus.

Amanitopsis albocreata Atk. On the ground in oak woods. Berea College
Campus.

A, agglutinata Berk. & Curt. On a clay bank. Cow Bell Hollow.

Cantharellus cibarius Fries. On the ground in mixed woods. Cow Bell
Hollow.

C. cinnabarinus Schw. On the ground in oak woods. Berea College Campus.

C. minor Peek. On the ground in mixed woods. Cow Bell Hollow.

C. infundibuliformis Scop, ex Fries. On the ground in mixed woods. Cow
Bell Hollow.

Clitocybe illudens Sehw. Around an oak stump in mixed woods. Cow Bell
Hollow.

C. laccata Scop, ex Fries. On the ground in mixed woods. Cow Bell
Hollow.

C. infundibuliformis Schaeff. ex Fries. Among leaves in mixed woods. Cow
Bell Hollow.

Collybia platyphylla Fries. On an old log in mixed woods. Cow Bell Hollow.

C. radicata Relh. ex Fries. On the ground in clearings. Cow Bell Hollow.

Hygrophorous miniatus Fries. On the ground in woods. Cow Bell Hollow.

Hypholoma incertum Peck. On the ground under oaks. Berea College
Campus.

Lactarius Gerardii Peck. On the ground in woods. Cow Bell Hollow.

L. lactiflua L. ex Burl. On the ground in woods. Cow Bell Hollow.

L. subdulcis Pers. ex Fries. On the ground in oak woods. Berea College
Campus.

252

Mycologia

L. trivialis Fries. On the ground in woods. Cow Bell Hollow.

Lepiota Morgani Peck. On grassy ground along street. Berea.

Marasmius siccus Schw. Among leaves on the ground under oaks. Cow
Bell Hollow.

Paxilhis corrugatus Atk, On a dead pine log. Cow Bell Hollow. August
i8, 1908, Dr. Bruce Fink.

Pleurotns petaloides Fries. On rotten wood. Cow Bell Hollow.

Psathyrella disseminata Pers. ex Fries. On the ground by roadside. Cow
Bell Hollow. '

Russula crustosa Peck. On the ground under oaks. Berea College Campus.
R. foetens Pers. ex Fries. On the ground in woods. Cow Bell Hollow.

R. lactea Pers. ex Fries. On the ground under oaks. Berea College Campus.
Department of Botany,

Pennsylvania State College.

BIBLIOGRAPHY AND NEW SPECIES
OF PHILIPPINE FUNGI^

Paul W. Graff2

In 1906, Ricker,® of the United States Department of Agri-
culture, in his article entitled, “ A List of Known Philippine
Fungi,” appended a bibliography which, while lacking in titles
by about one third, was still of interest to one interested in that
locality. Since that date the number of articles on the region
has greatly increased and the numbers of types of both genera
and species is so large that this paper is published with the hope
that it may be an aid to those interested in the fungi of the
Pacific islands, especially the Philippines and their neighbors.
It has been the endeavor to include in this enumeration all pub-
lications on Philippine fungi, so far as the writer has been able
to locate them, appearing prior to January, 1916. In the short
note under each title will be found a list of such species as are de-
scribed as new ; the name given being that used by the author of
each paper. This is deemed more useful than to endeavor to
make them conform to any one system of classification. Prac-
tically all of these references may now be found in the library
of the Bureau of Science at IManila.

1820

Ehrenberg, C. G. Fungos a viro clarissimo Adelberto de

Chamisso de Boncourt, sub auspiciis Romanzoffianis in itinere

circa terrarum globum collectos, in Nees ab Essenbeck’s Horae

Physicae Berolinenses, pp. 79-104, pi. 17-20, fig. 1-17.

On the visit of the Romanzoff Expedition to the Philippines
with Chamisso as botanist a number of plants were collected but
among them only one fungus is reported. This is described as

1 Published with the permission of the Director of the Bureau of Science,
Manila, P. I.

2 Contribution from the Botanical Section of the Biological Laboratory,
Bureau of Science, Manila, P. I.

3 Philip. Journ. Sci. i: Suppl. 277-294.

253

254

Mycologia

a new species, Sphacria cschscholzii, and figured in plate i8, fig.
8. The species is a Daldinia and closely related to D. concen-
trica. It has since been collected in these islands and reported
by Rehm as Daldinia esclischolzii. This is the first report of any
fungous collection having been made in the Philippines.

1830

Nees von Essenbeck, C. J. Fungi, in Presl’s Reliquias Haen-
keanae, p. 1-2.

In March, 1792, Thaddeus Haenke reached IManila in his
travels, begun in 1789, and remained in the Islands about six
months. He visited the provinces of Bulacan, Ilocos, Pampanga,
Sorsogon, Cavite and Mindanao, making some considerable col-
lection of the island flora. The fungi of his entire travels, how-
ever, number but three species which were identified by Nees
von Essenbeck. But one of these, Polyporns sanguineus Fr., is
reported as having been collected in Luzon.

1837

Blanco, P. Fr. Manuel, Flora de Filipinas, pp. 845-846.

This work makes almost no mention of fungi. After men-
tioning the fact that there are numerous species of Agarics to be
found in the Islands, the name of one fungus is given. This is
cited as Sclerotimn subteraneum, but is in reality a species of
Xylaria ; probably Xylaria nigripes (Klotz.) Sacc., an interesting
species cultivated by the termites in their underground nests and
used by them as food.

1842

Berkeley, M. J. Enumeration of Fungi Collected by H. Cuming
Esq., F. L. S. in the Philippine Islands. Lond. Journ. Bot. i :
142-157, pi. 6, 7.

The second reported collection of fungi of any importance to
be made in these islands was that of Cuming made during the
years 1836 and 1840, and, on being sent to England, were de-
termined by Berkeley who published their descriptions in 1842.
Meyen made a collection in 1831 but his “ Observationes ” were
not published until 1843. This present list of Cuming’s material
gives a total of thirty-five species, all Basidiomycetes with the

Graff: Philippine Fungi

255

exception of five belonging to the Ascomycetes. Of this list
twenty-three are described as new species. These are cited as
follows :

Agaricus (PsalHota) philippinensis, Lentinus connatus, Panus badius,
Lenzites pallida, L. acuta, Polyporus (Mesopus) cumingii, P. (Pleuropus)
grammocephalus, P. (Pleuropus) philippinensis, P. (Apus) elongatus, P.
(Apus) intybaceus, Trametes versatilis, T. badia, Daedalea inconcuma, D.
tenuis, Stereum perlatum, Corticium hydnatinnm, Clavaria serculus, Sphaeria
(Cordyceps) pileiformis, 5‘. (Caespitosae) examinans, S. (Pertusae) micra-
spira, Tulostoma pusillum, and Dichonema erectum.

Montagne, Camille. Plantes Cellulaires Exotiques Novelles,
Dec. V-VIII. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. II. i8 : 241-282.

One species is described as new ; Polyporus (Apus perennis)
ochreo-laccatus, collected by Cuming and which was omitted by
Berkeley from his descriptions of Cuming’s collection.

1843

Klotzsch, J. F. Fungi, in F. J. F. Meyen’s Observationes
Botanicae. Nov. Act. Acad. Caes. Nat. Cur. 19, Suppl. i :
233-246.

IMeyen’s collections w'ere made while on a journey around the
world between 1830 and 1832. The expedition visited IManila
from September 16 to October 15, 1831, between two stops in
China. The small collection of nine specimens was the first of
any consequence made in the Islands ; the only other collections
from here being Chamisso’s, Blanco’s and Haenke’s single speci-
mens previously noted. While Berkeley published his enumera-
tion of Cuming’s material prior to this the actual collecting was
done about six years later. Of the nine species from the Philip-
pines six are described as new : Hexagotm ciliata, Polyporus
meyenii, Stereum spectahile, Dictyophora speciosa, and Actino-
stroma as a new genus with A. infuudibuliforme and A. crassum.
In his same volume Meyen mentions eighteen Philippine lichens
collected in the vicinity of Manila, four of which he describes as
new species.

1844

Berkeley, M. J. Decades of Fungi. Fond. Journ. Bot. 3 : 185-
194, pi. 5, 6.

256

Mycologia

In this article Berkeley gives six additional numbers from
Cuming’s collection of Philippine plants omitted from his previ-
ously mentioned article. Of these five are Basidiomycetes and
one an Ascomycete. Three of the Basidiomycetes are described
as new species. These include Poly poms (Pleuropus) hrtin-
neohts, P. (Apus) tostus, and Hydnum webii.

Leveille^ J. H. Champignons Exotiques. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot.
III. 2 : 167-221.

Of the 210 species of Basidiorriycetes mentioned from the
tropical Pacific in this article twelve are from the Philippines and
all but three of these are described as new species. The new
species are described under the following names ;

Agarictis (Pleuropus) noctihicens, Lenzites platypoda, Polyporus micro-
loma, Trametes dermatodes, T. incana, Favolus fibrillosus, Thelephora
(Mesopus) paradoxa, Stereuin adustum and Cladoderris blumei.

Most of this material was collected on the voyage of the Bonite
between 1836 and 1837, by Gaudichaud-Beaupre, and is in the
herbarium of the Paris Museum.

Blanco, P. Fr. Manuel. Flora de Filipinas, Ed. II, pp. 583—584.

There are no additions to the fungus flora of the Islands in
this edition. The description of Sclerotium siibterraneum and
the general statement regarding Agarics remains unrevised.

1845

Leveille, J. H. Champignons Exotiques. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot.
111.3:61-67.

But one species is mentioned from the Philippines in this
paper. This was collected by Cuming in the vicinity of IManila
and is described as Chaetominm cumingii, a new species related
to C. amphitricha Corda.

1846

Leveille, J. H. “ Champignon,” in Gaudichaud-Beaupre’s
Voyage de la Bonite i : 164—204.

The voyage of the Bonite took place in the years 1836-1837,
with Gaudichaud-Beaupre as botanist of the expedition. A con-
siderable amount of botanical material was collected by him

Graff: Philippine Fungi

267

throughout the tropics. The fungi of this expedition were de-
termined by Leveille, who published diagnoses of several new
species in a previously cited article.'* This publication contains a
list of ten fungi which were collected during the stay at Manila.
All of these are previously described species. In the same
volume of the “Voyage” are published the “Algae” and
“ Lichens ” by Montagne, in which he mentions three lichens
from the vicinity of Manila.

1851

Calzado, P. Fr. Antonio L. A. Fragmentos de Algunas Plantas
de Filipinas, pp. 115-116.

This little publication contains notes on a number of plants
not included by Blanco in his “ Flora de Filipinas.” Nine
species of Basidiomycetes are listed and followed by the state-
ment that, “ Hay otras muchas especies y variedades de hongos
que seria largo enumerar.” One of the nine species, Meruliiis
conicus, is described as a new species. This, from the meagre
Spanish description accompanying it, one would be inclined to
place as a Coprimts.

1862

Curtis, ]\I. A. and Berkeley, 1\I. J. “ Fungi,” in the Wilkes
United States Exploring Expedition 17 : 195-202.

As far as fungi are concerned, this paper makes almost no
mention of the Philippines. But one species, Polyporus brim-
neolus Berk., is given as having been collected in the Islands.

1878

Berkeley, M. J. Enumeration of the Fungi collected during
the Expedition of H. M. S. “ Challenger,” 1874-1875. (Third
Notice.) ' Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 16: 38-54.

These fungi were collected in the southern part of the Archi-
pelago, from Camiguin, JMalanipa, and Malamon, between Janu-
ary 30th and February 4, 1875. There are here listed thirty
Philippine species of which twenty-nine are Basidiomycetes and
one an Ascomycete. Two numbers from “ Little Ke ” are in-

* Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. Ill, 3 (1844) 167-221.

258

Mycologia

eluded in this list by mistake. Ten new species and one new
variety are described including:

Lentinus abnormis, Polyporus (Anodermi) laeticolor, P. (Anodermei)
ostreaeformis, P. (Placodermei) zonalis Fr. var. semilaccatus, P. (Placo-
dermei) caliginosus, P. (Placodermei) endothejus, Trametes conchatiis, Hexa-
gona albida, H. flabelliformis, H. cladophora, Stereum moselli.

1879

Blanco, P. Fr. Manuel. Flora de Filipinas, Ed. III. 3 : 265-266.

In this enlarged edition of his work, Blanco makes no revision
in that portion in which he deals with the fungi. While he claims
there are many in the Islands, he confines all his studies to the
flowering plants.

1889

Patouillard, N. La Genere Ganoderma. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr.
5: 64-80, pi. 10, II.

Forty-eight species of Ganoderma are enumerated in this ar-
ticle, of which seven are described as new. Two species, neither
of which are new, are cited as from the Philippines ; Ganoderma
ochrolaccatum and G. amboinense.

1892

Magnus, P. Ueber eine neue Epichloe aus dem ostindischen
Archipelago. Atti Congr. Bot. Intern., pi. 8.

This article devotes several pages to the discussion and descrip-
of a new species of Epichloe (£. warburgiana) . This fungus
was collected by Warburg at Cabongenam, Luzon, during the
year 1888, as a parasite in the inflorescence of Clinogyne sp.,
and sent to Magnus for determination.

1893

De Berard, Rapport sur un maladie des Cafeiers aux iles Philip-
pines. Bull. Minist. Agr. (Paris) 8: 1008-1024.

This report discusses the very common disease of the coffee
plant caused by the fungus Hemileia vastatrix Berk. & Br., and
considers its spread and the damage caused by this blight in the
Philippines.

Graff: Philippine Fungi

259

Hennings, P. Fungi Warburgiana. Hedwigia 32 : 216-227.

In 1888 Dr. O. Warburg visited the Philippines during a jour-
ney which included among its stopping places localities in India,
China, Korea, Japan, the Philippines, islands of the IMalay and
Bismark Archipelagos and Australia. This journey was taken
between the years 1885 and 1889 and during it considerable col-
lections were made in all groups of plants. Each group being
assigned to a specialist, Hennings undertook the determination
of the fungi and with a small amount of additional material
from other sources, published a list of thirty-one species from
the Philippines. This list contains five fewer names than appear
later in his list in Warburg’s “ Monsunia ” but contains three,
Lachnocladitim sp?, Polystictus sanguineus (L.) IMey., and P.
flabelliformis Klotz., which are not published there. There ap-
pears but one new species, Xylaria (Thamnomyces) luzonensis.

1899

Massee, George. Fungi Exotici, II. Kew Bull. IMiscel. Inf.
pp. 164-185.

In this article which enumerates a considerable number of
fungi from the tropics, chiefly Asiatic, there are listed nine
species collected by Loher in Luzon, mostly from the vicinity of
Manila. Among these is but one, Favolus purpureus, which is
described as new.

1900

Delacroix, E. G. Les maladies et les ennemis des Cafeiers,
p. 42.

In this treatise on coffee diseases the author reports Hemileia
vastatrix on both Coffea arabica and C. libcrica in the Philippines.

Hennings, P. Fungi, in Warburg’s IMonsunia i : 1—38.

Thirty-six fungi are listed from the Philippines, the greater
number of which were collected by Warburg in 1888. Of the
lot but six are described as new species: Aecidium luzoniense,
Nectria (Plaeonectria) manilensis, Ustilaginoidea ochracea,
Aschersonia cinnabarina, A. confluens, and Fusariiim paspali-
cola. These six new species as well as Pilocratera hindsii
(Berk.) P. Henn., and P. tricholoma (IMont.) P. Henn., did not

260

Mycologia

appear in the previous list of Warburg’s material published by
Hennings in Hedwigia.

1903

Sydow, H. and P. Neue und kritische Uredineen. Ann. Myc.

i: 324-334-

Among a number of new species of Uredineae described is one,
Uromyces deeringiae, from the Philippines. It is probable that
this is a hitherto unpublished species from Warburg’s collection.

1904

Thaxter, Roland. Notes on the Myxobacteriaceae. Bot. Gaz.
37 : 405-416.

Among several pages of remarks on this interesting group
of plants, in which some eight new species from various locali-
ties are described, one collection from the Philippines is recorded.
This species, Chondromyces aurantiacus (B. & C.) Thaxt., was
collected in the Islands by IMr. Reade and communicated by him
to the author.

1905

Copeland, E. B. Fungi Esculentes Philippinenses. Ann. Myc.
3 : 25-29.

Diagnoses of twenty-one species of Basidiomycetes are pub-
lished under the following names ;

Lycoperdon todayense, Coprinus confertus, C. ater, C. ornatus, C. bryanti,
C. concolor, C. volutus, C. revolutus, C. rimosus, C. pseudo-plicatus, Panaeolus
pseudopapilionaceus, P. panaiensis, Agaricus (Psalliota) boltoni, A. (Ps.)
merrillii, A. (Ps.) argyrostectus, A. (Ps.) manilensis, A. (Ps.) perfuscus,
Lepiota chlorospora, L. Candida, L. manilensis, and L. elata.

Copeland, E. B. New Species of Edible Philippine Fungi.
Gov’t Lab. Publ. 28: 141-146, 3 pi.

An English translation of the preceding paper in which the
diagnoses appeared in latin'.

Usteri, a. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Philippinen und ihrer
Vegetation, etc. Inag. Diss. Ph. D. Zurich, p. 136.

Contains a list of sixteen fungi from the island of Negros.
All belong to the Hymenomycetes and were sent to Hennings for
determination. There are no new species enumerated and the
list only includes common tropical forms.

Graff: Philippine Fungi

261

igo6

]\Iassee, George. Revision of the Genus Hemileia, Berk. Kew
Bull. ]\Iiscel. Inf. pp. 35-42.

In the portion of this article covering Hemileia vastatrix, the
fungus is reported from the Philippines on Coffea arahica and
C. liberica.

Sydow, H. and P. Neue und kritische Uredineen, IV. Ann.
Myc. 4 : 28-32.

In this short paper, in which are described new species of
Uredineae from various parts of the world, five are described
as new from the Philippines. These include the following :

Uromyces hezvittiae on Hezvittia bicolor, Uredo davaoensis on Cyanotidis
sp., U. hygrophilae on Hygrophila salicifolia, U. philippinensis on Cyperus •
polystachyiis and U. zvedetiae-bifiorae on Wedelia biflora.

Ricker, P. L. A List of Known Philippine Fungi. Philip.
Journ. Sci. i : Suppl. 227-294.

In this article the author attempts to bring together in a single
list all species so far credited to the Archipelago, addhig a few
names from the determination of a collection of sixty numbers
sent him from the Islands. There are but five new species de-
scribed in the list of 156 fungi: Phyllachora nierrillii, Niimmii-
laria philippinensis, Trematosphaeria- palaqnii, Stereum liisoni-
ense and Thelepliora diamesa. At the end is appended a bib-
liography of sixteen references.

Sydow, H. and P. Novae Fungorum Species, III. Ann. Myc.

4 : 343-345-

Anerszvaldia copelandi collected on leaves on Caryota sp., in
the vicinity of Zamboanga, Mindanao, is described as new. It
is the only species cited in this article from the Philippines.

1907

Massee, George. Philippine Myxogastres. Philip. Journ. Sci.
Bot. 2 : 113-115.

Of the eighteen species listed none prove to be new but are,
for the most part, very cosmopolitan. Nine genera are repre-
sented in this small collection and are from various provinces of
the Archipelago. This is the first reported collection of species
from this group of the fungi known from the Philippines.

262

Mycologia

Murrill, W. a. Some Philippine Polyporaceae. Bull. Torr.

Bot. Club 34: 465-481.

This article gives a considerable addition to the known species
of Polypores from these islands. There are included collections
made by Mr. R. S. Williams, mainly on the slopes of Mount
Mariveles in Bataan Province, and by ]\Ir. E. D. IMerrill and
]\Ir. A. D. E. Elmer in Luzon, Mindoro, Leyte, Culion, Palawan
and IVIindanao. Of the sixty-seven species listed, twenty-four
are described as new species and nineteen are made new com-
binations. The nomenclature of a number of these species has
been revised by Bresadola in later papers to bring them in accord
with the “ Vienna Code.” The following is the list of species
published as new :

Coriolus ctaieatiformis, Funalia philippinensis, Hapalopihis subrnbidus,
Inonotus elmerianus, Microporellus subdealbatus, Polyporus coracinus, P.
palensis, Spongipellis, luzonensis, Trametes caespitosa, T. lainaensis, T. luzon-
ensis, T. subacuta, T. 'willianisii, Tyromyces elmeri, Amauroderma elmerianum,
Elfvingia elmeri, Fames luzonensis, F. philippinensis, Ganoderma subtorna-
tum, G. williamsianum, Pyropolyporus lamaensis, P. merrillii, P. williamsii,
and Gloeophyllum edule.

Rehm, H. Ascomycetes Novi. Ann. Myc. 5: 516-546.

In this article, which includes descriptions of new species of
fungi from various parts of the world, a single species, Mollisia
(Pseudotapesia) copelandi, is described from the Philippines.
The fungus was collected on leaves of Caryota sp. at Zamboanga,
Mindanao and communicated to Rehm for identification.

1908

Murrill, W. a. a Collection of Philippine Polypores. Leaf!.

Philip. Bot. i: 262-271.

In this paper thirty-six species are enumerated. They were
collected in three localities. Mount Mariveles in Bataan Prov-
ince, Mount Banajao in Laguna Province and in Tayabas Prov-
ince, in Luzon and at Palo in Leyte, by Mr. A. D. E. Elmer.
No new species are described but a number of these were de-
scribed as new in an article by the same author appearing in the
Bull. Torr. Bot. Club of the previous year.

Copeland, E. B. Bud Rot of the Cocoanut. Philip. Agrl. Rev.

1 : 210-220.

Graff: Philippine Fungi

263

This paper is a report of personal investigation of an attack
of the Bud Rot disease in the cocoanut region of Laguna and
Tayabas Provinces. Whether it is the West Indian bacterial
disease or the Pythium disease, reported by Butler as being the
cause of the trouble in India, was not ascertained.

Robinson, C. B. Sugar-cane Smut. Philip. Agrl. Rev. i : 295—
297.

The investigation of an attack of Ustilago sacchari, on sugar-
cane in the Province of Laguna in Luzon, is reported in this ar-
ticle and suggestions given for the prevention of the trouble in
the Islands.

Hennings, P. Fungi Philippinenses. Hedwigia 47 : 250-265.

Of the 1 12 species published in this paper, sixty-two or more
than half are described as new species. The greater number of
these were collected by E. D. IMerrill with a less number by Fox-
worthy, Whitford and Mrs. Clemens. As to locality, the islands
of Luzon, Mindoro, Panay, Samar and Mindanao are repre-
sented. The specimens are distributed among the following
groups : Five belonging to the Ustilagineae, twenty-one to the
Uredineae, sixty-two to the Ascomyceteae and twenty-four to
the Deuteromyceteae. One new genus is described, Merrillo-
peltis with M. calami as the type. The new' species described
include :

Cintractia merrillii, C. cyperi-polystachyi, Pnccinia merrillii, Coleosporium
merrillii, Uredo anthraxonis-ciliaris, U. castaneae, U. knoxiae, U. abri,
Aecidium plucheae, A. blumeae, A. uvariae-rufae, Dimerosporium mindana-
ense, Calonectria copelandii, Hypocrella schizostachyi, Phyllachora fici-mitia-
liassae, P. canarii, P. ardisiae, P. macarangae, P. pongamiae, P. luzonensis, P.
parkiae, Auersivaldia merrillii, A. derridis, Scirrhia luzonensis, Roumegueria
ichnanthi, Rosellinia cocoes, R. bambusae, Apiospora luzonensis, Physalo-
spora ramosii, Ophiobolus nipae, O. livistonae, Gibberidea nipae, Julella luzon-
ensis, Bndoxyla mangiferae, Diatrype mindanaensis, Hypoxylon hibisci, H.
nucigenum, H. apoense, Xylaria copelandii, X. bataanensis, Asterina derridis,
Lembosia dipterocarpi, Parmularia hymenolepidis, Hysterium hoyae, Trybli-
diella mindanaensis, Merrillopeltis calami, Rhytisma viburni, R. lagersiromiae,
Leptopeziza mindanaensis, Phyllosticta acoridii, Placosphaeria merrillii, P.
tiglii, Sphaeropsis pandani, Coniothyrium coffeae, C. gmelinae, C. oroxyli,
Diplodia gmelinae, D. hibisci, D. fructus-pandani, Brachysporium pini-instt-
laris, Cercospora tiglii, Sporocybe pliilippinensis.

264

. Mycologia

Henninss, P. Fungi Philippinenses. Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot.
3 : 41-58.

This article is a repetition of the one published by him in
Hedwigia a month prior and aside from listing 112 species instead
of no and describing one other new species, Cercospora helmin-
thostachydis, the papers are identical.

Murrill, W. a. Additional Philippine Fungi. Bull. Torr. Bot.

Club 35 ; 391-416.

This paper includes determinations of a considerable number
of species sent to the New York Botanical Garden for that pur-
pose in the early part of the year. The material was collected
in various parts of the Archipelago by E. D. iMerrill, A. D. E.
Elmer, H. N. Wliitford, Mrs. Mary S. Clemens, and others.
Ninety-eight species are listed, forming a very material addition
to the fungus flora of the Islands, from various parts of the
island of Luzon, from Mindoro, Negros, Panay, Balabac, Min-
danao and the Babuyanes. Of these thirty-eight species are de-
scribed as new. One new genus, Whitfordia, is described, with
W. warburgiana (P. Henn.) as the type. The following includes
the names of the new species as published :

Coltricia benguetensis, Coriolopsis copelandi, C. bataanensis, C. melleo-
flavtis, C, subcrocata, Coriolus clemensiae, C. currani, C. perpusillus, C. rubri-
tincHis, C. subvernicipes, Cycloporellus barbatus, Favolus resinosus, F. sub-
rigidus, Hapalopilus ramosii, He.xagona lusonensis, H. pertenuis, Inonotus
clemensiae, Trametes conglobata, T. insularis, Tyromyces merrittii, T. sub-
chioneus, T. utiguliformis, Whitfordia warburgiana, Amatiroderma asperu-
latum, A. bataanense, A. clemensiae, A. ramosii, Fomes subresinosus, F. sub-
ungulatus, Ganoderma balabacense, G. currani, Pyropolyporus subextensus,
P. tenuissimus, P. tricolor, Daedalea isabellina, D. subconfragosa, Gloeophyl-
lum nigrozonatum, Lenzites clemensiae, and L. submurina.

1910

Sydow, H. and P. Fungi novi Philippinenses. Ann Myc. 8:

36-41.

This short article is composed entirely of descriptions of new
species. Twenty-two species are included the greater part of
which were collected by E. D. Merrill. All belong to the Micro-
mycetes and comprise the following :

Puccinia mesomorpha, Uredo manilensis, Meliola hyptidis, Valsella pin-
angae, Rosellinia procera, Nummularia gracilenta, Hypoxylon minutellum, H.

Graff: Philippine Fungi

265

lilliputianum, Xylaria gracilenta, Phyllachora aggregatula, P. circinata, P.
lepida, Homostegia fusispora, Hypocrella botryosa, Seynesxa scutellum, Lem-
hosia congregata, Mollisia ravida, Bulgaria pusilla, Cytospora calami, C. lirclla,
Melasmia exigua and Septogloeum aureum.

Sydow, H. and P. Fungi Philippinenses. Philip. Journ. Sci.

Bot. 5: 163-166.

Forty-nine species of fungi belonging to various groups are
listed in this article. No new species are described. Of this
number sixteen have already been mentioned as from the Philip-
pines in the preceding paper by the same author where they were
described as new species.

1911

Lister, Arthur. A Monograph of the IMycetozoa. Ed. II, pp.

1-302, pi. 1-200.

Sixteen of the species and one variety are mentioned as being
found in the Philippines. The specimens cited are to be found
in the herbarium of the British Museum and belong to the ma-
terial previously listed by IMassee in 1907 in the Philip. Journ.
Sci. Bot. 2: 113-115. The nomenclature has been changed and
but three are to be found under the names previously cited.

Robinson, C. B. Corn Leaf-Blight in the Philippines. Philip.

Agrl. Rev. 4 : 356-358.

The leaf-blight of corn caused by H elminthosporiiim turcicum
Pass., is reported from the Mountain Province on “ Mexican
June ” but as H. inconspicuum C. & E. The disease was not
imported with the seed as this was the third generation grown in
the Islands and neither of the two preceding showed any signs
of the malady. The same fungus has been reported as doing
considerable harm to the corn crop in Japan.

Sydow, H. and P. Notes and Descriptions of Philippine Eungi,

I. Leaf!. Philip. Bot. 4: ii 53-1 159.

In this article notes and descriptions of twenty-two species col-
lected in various parts of the Archipelago by A. D. E. Elmer
are given. Of these the following eleven are described as new :

Pseudomeliola placida, Stigmatea bullata, Asterina escharoides, A. di-
aphana, A. elaeocarpi, A. ehneri, Phyllachora glochidii, P. elmeri, P. apoensis,
Darwinella orbicula, and Placosphaeria d\<rionis.

266

Mycologia

Sydow, H. and P. Novae Fungorum Species, VI. Ann. !Myc.

9 : 142-146.

Of this collection of fifteen fungi, mostly tropical, four new
species are described from the Philippines. These include Me-
lampsora ciiigeiis on Bridelia sp., Ustilago flagellata on Rottboel-
lia exalta'ta, Peroneiitypella cocoes on Cocos nucifera, and Rosel-
linia dolicJiospora on Phragmites karkae.

Bresadola, J. Basidiomycetes Philippinenses. Hedwigia 51 :
306-326.

The greater portion of this paper is devoted to the polyporace-
ous fungi. There are 102 species included of which eleven are
described as new. One new genus, Elmerina with Hcxagonia
cladophora Berk., as the type, is described. Hcxagonia vespacea
Pers., is also transferred to this new genus. The new species
include Lent inns chncri, Cantharellns merrillii, Volvaria escii-
lenta, Ponies pachydermus, Polystictus untbrinus, Poria strami-
nea, P. tricolor, Daedalca gilvidnla, Thclephora nigrescens, Cy-
athus elnieri and Cauloglossiiin saccatum. These fungi were, to
a large extent, collected by E. D. Merrill and A. D. E. Elmer in
jNIindanao, Negros and Mindoro.

Sydow, H. and P. Eungi from the Island of Palawan. Leaf!.
Philip. Bot. 5: 1533-1547-

The twenty-nine species of this list were collected at Puerto
Princessa and Brooks’ Point, Palawan by A. D. E. Elmer. Of
these, twenty-four, or nearly five-sixths, are described as new
species. These include :

Puccinia leochroma, Dimeriuin scabrosum, Nematothecium vinosum, Meli-
ola aliena, M. confragosa, M. diplochaeta, M. elnieri, M. laevigata, M. niacro-
chaeta, M. patens, M. palawanensis, Asterina decipiens, A. irregularis, A.
lobata, A. porriginosa, A. trachycarpa, A. transversalis, Micropeltis aequalis,
Laestadia festiva, Anthostomella elnieri, Acrospermum latissimuin, Calonectria
limpida, Vermicularia pandani and Discosiella cylindrospora. Two new genera
are described, Nematothecium, with N. vinosum, and Dioscosiella, with D.
cylindrospora, as the type.

1912

Sydow, H. and P. Novae Eungorum species, VII. Ann. Myc.
10: 77-85.

Eight new species from the Philippines are described, seven

V

Graff: Philippine Fungi

267

from the vicinity of Manila and one from Bontoc Snbprovince,
Luzon, as follows : Usfilago isaclines, U. manilensis, U. rosnlata,
Tolyposporiiim philippinense, Piicdnia citrata, Meliola gymno-
sporiae, M. tamarindi, and M. callicarpae.

Sydow, H. and P. Fungi Exotici Exsiccati, Ease. I. Ann. Myc.

10 : 351-352.

This published list of the fungi distributed in Fascicle I of this
series includes fifteen Philippine numbers, five of which are
types of new species. The types are as follows : Meliola tama-
rindi, Mycosphaerclla alocasiae, Gloeosporimn graffii, Cercospora
ptimil'a, and Heterosporiiim coryphae.

Bresadola, J. Basidiomycetes Philippinenses, II. Hedwigia •
53 : 46-80.

Of the 168 species listed in this paper there is but one de-
scribed as the type of a new genus, three as new species and two
new varieties. The genus Copelandia is described as new with
Agariciis papilionacens Bull., as the type. The new species in-
clude Cantharellus philippincnsis, Pomes megregori and Poly-
stictus melanospihis and the varieties, atypus Lev., var.

exeratns, and Pomes spacideus (Berk.) Cooke var. halconensis.
The list represents general collecting from all parts of the Islands
and while mostly Polypores other divisions of the Basidiomycetes
are represented.

Sydow, P. and H. Monographia Uredinearum 3 : 80.

One new species of Philippine rust is described, Hamaspora
acutissima, on Riibus rolfei. This fungus had previously been
collected in Australia and Java but was reported under the name
of Hamaspora longissima from which it, however, differs suffi-
ciently, according to Sydow, to warrant specific distinction.

1913

Brown, W. H. and Graff, P. W. Factors Influencing Fungus
Succession on Dung Cultures. Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 8: 21-
29.

In this article it is concluded that the succession of fungus life
on dung cultures is due to the action of microorganisms rather

268

Mycologia

than toxins and that this may possibly be a clue to the cause of
the succession of higher plants in a given locality. Four species
of fungi are mentioned which had not previously been reported
from the Islands: Absidia caernlea Bain., Mncor racemosa Fres.,
Coprinus stercorarius Fr., and C. plicatilis Fr.

Sydow, H. and P. Novae Fungorum Species, IX. Ann. IMyc.
II : 54-65.

In this article which deals mostly with species from Japan and
Formosa there are a few from the Caucasus and German East
Africa and two new species described from the Philippines.
These are Linospora pandani on leaves of Pandaniis sp.*, and
Gloeosporiiim catechu on dead fruits of Areca catechu.

Rehm, H. Ascomycetes Exsiccati, Fasc. 52. Ann. Myc. ii:
166-171.

In this fascicle, containing Nos. 2026 to 2050 of Rehm’s ex-
siccati, are distributed two numbers from the Philippines neither
of which are new. This is the first Philippine material sent out
by Rehm in these sets. The two species are Sphaerulina smilacin-
cola Rehm and Phyllachora pahitdiae Syd., collected in Laguna
Province, Luzon.

Sydow, H. and P. Fungi Exotici Exsiccati, Fasc. II and III.
Ann. Myc. ii: 207-208.

In this list of specimens distributed in Fascicles II and III of
this series are included twenty Philippine species. The material
of six of these numbers is cotype of new species. These include
the following: Dimerina graffii, Meliola pulchcrrima, Mycosphae-
rella roureae, Asterina cassiae, Hysterostomella psychotriae, and
Gloeosporiiim canavaliae.

Rehm, H. Ascomycetes Philippinenses Collecti a Clar. C. F.
Baker. Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 8: 181-194.

There are enumerated in this article forty-seven species.
Twenty of these are described as new and one as a new variety.
All were collected either at Los Banos, Province of Laguna, or
on Mount Maquiling in the vicinity. Trichosphaeria regulinoides
Sacc., var. arengae is described as a new variety. The follow-
ing are described as new species :

Graff: Philippine Fungi

269

c

4 Melipla cylindrophora, M. quadrifurcata, Ophionectria erinacea, Phylla-

1 chora atrofignrans, Gnignardia freycinetia, Sphaerulina smilacincola, Didy-

^ mosphaeria minutelloides, Merrilliopeltis hoehnelii, Ceratosphaeria philip-
\ pinarum, Nummularia urceolata, Hypoxylon disjunctum, H. fulvo-ochraceum,

Diatrype megale, Seynesia clavispora, Lenibosia pothoidei, Ombrophila san-
‘ guinea, Humaria raimundoi, and Lachnea albo-grisea.

I‘

Sydow, H. and P. Descriptions of Some New Philippine Fungi.

Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 8 : 195—196.

This short paper gives descriptions of five new species of fungi
under the following names : Puccinia paullula, Mycosphaerella
t alocasiae, Gloeosporiiim graffii, Cercospora pumila and Hetero-
f sporitim coryphae. Cotype material of the last four was distrib-
uted in Sydow’s “Fungi Exotici Exsiccati, Fasc. I.”

♦

^ Sydow, H. and P. Novae Fungorum Species, X. Ann. Myc.

5 II : 254-271.

^ Of the thirty new species of fungi described in this article seven

form the types of new genera. Eight of the descriptions are ac-
companied by text figures. The new Philippine species number
I thirteen and are as follows :

Graphiola cylindrospora, Meliola pulcherrima (fig.), M. arborescens (fig.),
Aithaloderma clavatisporum (fig.), Physalospora hoyae, Phyllachora schoeni-
cola, Schizochora elmeri (fig.), Cyclodothis pulchella (fig.), Diedickea singu-
lars (fig.), Gloeosporium hoyae, Coniosporium extremorum, Cercospora stizo-
lobii, and C. subtorulosa.

Aithaloderma, Schizochora, Cyclodothis and Diedickea are de-
scribed as new genera of which the types are Philippine species
listed above. A larger portion of the remaining species described
in the article are from Japan and hence, from the nearness of
the two localities, of considerable interest to one interested in the
Philippines or their vicinity.

Rehm, H. Ascomycetes Philippinenses, II. Philip. Journ. Sci.

Bot. 8: 251-263.

In this article forty-six species of Ascomycetes are listed to-
gether with descriptions of seventeen new species. The speci-
mens enumerated were collected in the vicinity of Los Banos,
Province of Laguna, Luzon. Those which are described as new
include :

i

270

Mycologia

Meliola tivariae, M. acalyphae, M. merremiae, M. hewittiae, Dimerium
pseudo-perisporioides, Microthyrium elafum, Micropeltis corrnscans, Stigma-
tea cinereomaculans, Leptosphaeria ambiens, Cryptosphaeria philippinensis,
Valsaria consors, Botryosphaeria bakeri, Daldinia lusonensis, Xylaria giganto-
chloae, Lembosia eugeniae, Haematomyces carneus, Ombrophila helotioides
and one new variety, Anthostomella grandispora Penz. & Sacc., var. schiso-
stachyi.

Sydow, H. and P. Enumeration of Fungi, with Notes and De-
scriptions of New Species, Part I : INIycromycetes. Philip.

Journ. Sci. Bot. 8: 265-285.

Thirty-eight new species of Ascomycetes and Imperfecti are
described among this list of 109 species enumerated from the
Philippines. One new genus is described and formed by raising
Teplirosticta, a subgenus of Trichosporella, to generic rank. The
larger part of the fungous material was collected in the vicinity
of Manila, on Mount iMaquiling in Laguna Province and Mount
Mariveles, Province of Bataan. The new species described in
this enumeration include the following ;

Microstroma philippinense, Tilletia opaca, Puccinia philippinensis, Meliola
intricata, Dimerina graffii, Dimerosporina pnsilla, Mycosphaerella pericampyli,
M. roureae, Pleosphaerulina phaseolina, Teplirosticta ficina, Ophiobolus seria-
tiis, Anthostomella calocarpa, Rosellinia lamprostoma, Amphisphaeria bam-
busina, Hypocrea degenerans, Hysierostomella psychotriae, Asterina cassiae,
A. laxiuscula, Phyllachora afzeliae, P. dischidiae, P. pahudiae, P. roureae, P.
lagimensis, P. sacchari-spontanei, Dothidea pterocarpi, Dothidella albicaiae,
Phyllosticta bakeri, Septoria bakeri, Lasmenia ficina, Ephelis caricina, Gloeo-
sporium canavaliae, Colletotrichum euchronum, C. pandani, Cercospora gliri-
cidiae, C. bakeri, C. biophyti, C. pantoleuca, and C. litseae-glutinosae. Besides
these, one new combination is made by the transfer of Dothidella yapensis
P. Henn., to the genus Phyllachora.

Saccardo, P. a. Notae Mycologicae. Ann. Myc. ii : 312-325.

There are included in tliis article the enumeration of sixteen
species new to the Philippines. Among these are described two
new genera, Traversoa with T. excipuloides as the type and Stig-
matomyces with A. bakeri as type. Aside from these there are
described eleven new species :

Phyllosticta siphonodontis, P. graffiana, Macrophoma punctiformis, M. seri-
afa, Traversoa dothiorelloides, Botryodiplodia anceps, Diplodia durionis, Conio-
sporium liniolatum, Podosporium gigasporum; Aspergillus periconioides and
Stigmella manilensis ; and two new varieties; Traversoa excipuloides var.
distans, and Pestalozzia microspora var. philippinensis. All the species
enumerated in the article were collected on the island of Luzon.

Graff: Philippine Fungi

271

Sydow, H. and P. Fungi Exotici Exsiccati, Ease. IV. Ann.

Myc. 1 1 : 388.

In this list of fifty numbers, distributed as Fascicle IV of
Sydow’s exsiccati, nineteen are from the Philippines and of these
one is cotype of a new genus and eight of new species. These
include the following :

Aithaloderma davatisporum nov. gen. and sp., Microstroma philippinense,
Anthostomella calocarpa, Phyllachora roureae, Gloeosporium lebbeck, Colleto-
trichum pandani, Aspergillus periconioides, Trichosporium olivatuin, and
Stigmella manilensis.

Sydow, H. and P. Notes and Descriptions of Philippine Fungi,

II. Lead. Philip. Bot. 6: 1919-1933.

There are included in this enumeration forty-five species col-,
lected by A. D. E. Elmer, mostly from the islands of Palawan
and Mindanao. Fourteen of these are Basidiomycetes one of
which, Septohasidium molliiiscnliim, is described as a new species.
Twenty-eight are Asconiycetes, among which are described two
new genera, Schisochora with S. clmeri and Cyclodothis with C.
piilchella as types, and thirteen additional new species.

The remaining three are listed as Fungi Imperfecti. Here one
new genus is described, Diedickea with D. singidaris as the type,
and Marsonia pavonia is described as a new species. The new
Asconiycetes include :

Meliola acutisecta, M. affinis, M. araneosa, M. arborescens, M. hetero-
triclia, M. opaca, M. opposite, M. parvula, M. vilis, Asterina opposite, A.
subinermis, Phyllachora oblongispora, Cyclodothis pulchella, and Acrospermum
elmeri.

Rehm, H. Asconiycetes Exsiccati, Fasc. 53. Ann. Myc. ii :
391-395-

In this fascicle, containing No. 2051 to 2075 of Rehm’s ex-
siccati, are distributed eight species from the Philippines col-
lected on the island of Luzon. None represent new species.

Sydow, H. and P. Novae Fungorum Species, XI. Ann. Myc.

1 1 : 402-408.

In this article, in which are described eighteen new species of
micromycetous fungi, eleven are from the Philippines. One new
genus, Micropcltella with M. clavispora as the type, is described
from material collected on Memecyclon lanceolatum from Pan-
gasinan, Luzon. The other ten new species are as follows :

272

Mycologia

Aecidium banosense, Mycosphaerella oculata, M. caricae, Venturia litseae,
Microthyriella philippinensis, Macrophoma cyaiiwpsidis, Gloeosporium alchor-
neae, Cercosporina barringtoniae C. carthami, and C. faccae. These ten
species were all collected in the vicinity of Los Banos, Province of Laguna,
Luzon.

Graff, P. W. Additions to the Basidiomycetous Flora of the

Philippines. Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 8: 299-307, pi. 8-10.

An enumeration of Philippine Basidiomycetes divided as fol-
lows; Tremellineae, two species one of which, Exidia lagunensis,
is described as new : Polyporeae, eight species with one, Laschia
philippinensis, described as new ; Agaricineae, seven species with
four, Lentinus candidns, L. lagunensis, Volvaria priiinosa and
Naucoria manilensis, new ; Gasteromyceteae, sixteen with one
new species, Bovista jonesii. Of thirty-three species, seven are
described as new and three of these, Lentinus candidus, L. lagu-
nensis and Volvaria pruinosa are illustrated by plates.

Rehm, H. Ascomycetes Philippinenses, III. Philip. Journ. Sci.
Bot. 8: 391-405.

Ffty-two species are included in this enumeration, all from
the island of Luzon. Of these, twenty-five are described as new :

Meliola sandorici, M. sidae, M. maesae, M. telosmae, M. horrida, Myio-
copron bakerianum, Micropeltis consimilis, M. applanata, Limacinula malloti,
Lisea spatholobi, Auerswaldia decipiens, Phyllachora lagunae, P. pseudcs, P.
pterocarpi, P. valsiformis, Dothidella canarii, Anthostomella mindorensis, A.
donacina, Apiosporella coryphae, Hypoxylon coryphae, Metasphaeria macu-
lans, Melanomma mindorense, Lophodermium passiflorae, Coccomyces canarii
and Biatorina sublutea. Several new varieties are also included, as follows;
Micropeltis vagabunda Speg. var. calamincola, Apiospora curvispora (Speg.)
Rehm var. rottboelliae, Stictis stellata Wallr., var. philippinensis, Psorothe-
ciopsis decipiens Rehm var. bispora, and Huinaria granulata (Bull.) Quel.,
var. microspora.

Rehm, H. Ascomycetes Philippinenses, IV. Lead. Philip. Bot.

6: 1935-1947-

Of forty species which are enumerated here, thirteen are de-
scribed as new. All were collected by C. F. Baker in the vicinity
of Los Banos, Province of Laguna, Luzon. The new species
include the following:

Nectriella philippina, Rhopographns bhaneanus, Rosellinia fuscomaculans,
Zignoella arengae, Rhynchostoma sanguineo-atrum, Didymosphaeria blumeae,
Metasphaeria rainmndoi, Amphisphaeria leucaenae, Eutypa macropun-ctata.

Graff: Philippine Fungi

273

Hypoxylon lianincolum, Vizella passifiorae, Micropeltis bauhiniae, and Scole-
copeltis garciniae. With the exception of two species belonging to the Dis-
comycetes, all listed belong to the Pyrenomycetes.

Saccardo, P. a. Notae ]\Iycologicae. Ann. Myc. ii: 546-568.

Included in this article are notes and comments on twenty-five
species of Philippine fungi gathered by several collectors in a
number of localities on the island of Luzon. Among these one
new genus is described, Melanographiiim with M. spleniosporum
on Bambusa blumcan-a as the type. The remaining new species
are twelve in number and include :

Cryptovalsa philippinensis, Phoma sabdariffae, Phomopsis dioscoreae,
Dothiorella crastophila, Haplosporella manilensis, Diplodia synedrellae, D.
caricae, D. artocarpi, Botryodiplodia curta, Canipsotrichum heterochaetum,
Helminthosporiurn inversum, and Hymenula copelandi.

1914

Baker, C. F. The Lower Fungi of the Philippine Islands.

Leafl. Philip. Bot. 6: 2065-2190.

This publication includes a very complete check-list of the
micromycetous fungi reported from the Islands and, while many
corrections must be made in a future work of the kind, it will
undoubtedly prove of great assistance in any work on the sub-
ject. In it some 215 genera and 638 species are listed. A con-
siderable percentage of these have been added to the known flora
of the Archipelago but recently. Ricker, in 1906, reports but 71
genera and 156 species in all groups of fungi then known from
the Philippines.

Sydow, H. and P. Enumeration of Philippine Fungi with Notes

and Descriptions of New Species, II. Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot.

8: 475-508.

This extensive enumeration of lower forms of Philippine fungi
includes a list of 129 species, fifty of which are described as new.
Four new genera are described under the following names :
Bulgariastrmn, Calopeziza, Sirosphaera and Lasiothyrium. The
collectors were several and the fungi gathered in a number of
localities throughout the Archipelago. The larger portion, how-
ever, were collected on the island of Luzon. The new species
described include :

274

IMycologia

Puccinia erebia, Uredo opercuHnae, U. nerviseda, Aecidium lagunense, Di-
meriella cyathearum, Meliola witragynes . M. merriUii, M. peregrina, M. per-
pusilla, M. pelliculosa, Guignardia creberrima, Hypospila ambigua, Merrillio-
peltis daemonoropsis, Anthostomella discophora, Rosellinia megalosperma, R.
merriUii, Apiosporella aberrans, Diatrypella psidii, Micropeltella megasperma,
Micropeltis semecarpi, Seynesia ipomoeae, Asterina pnsilla, Asterinella obesa,
A. loranthi, A. lusonensis, A. htgtibris, A. distiiigiienda, Trichothyrium orbicu-
lare, Gibberella creberrima, Hypocrella melaena, Phyllachora phaseolina, P.
rottboelliae, Discodothis lobata, Glonium bambusinum, BiUgariastrum caespi-
tosum, Calopeziza mirabilis, Dasyscypha merriUii, Erinnella philippinensis,
Phyllosticta manihoticola, Phomopsis bakeri, P. gliricidiae, Sirosphaera
botryosa, Leptothyrium circumcissum, Pycnothyrium lobafum, Lasiothyrium
cycloschizon, Gloeosporium lebbeck, Cylindrosporiuni exiguum, Melanconium
merriUii, Oospora obducens, Catenularia vehitina, Cladosporium oplismeni,
and Cereospora tabernaemontanae.

Thaxter, Roland. Laboulbeniales Parasitic on Chrysomelidae.

Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts Sci. 50: 17-50.

Among thirty-four species of these curious and interesting
fungi, all but three of which are described as new and nearly all
of which were collected in tropical countries, are included three
from the Philippines. Two of these Lahoulhenia pliilippina on a
chrysomelid near Rhemhastns and L. oedionychi on Oedionyclius
sp., both collected by C. S. Banks in the vicinity of Manila, are
described as new species. The other is a previously described
species, L. nodostomae, and was collected on Nodostoma sp., on
the island of klindanao.

Reiim, H. Ascomycetes Exsiccati, Ease. 54 and 55. Ann. Myc.
12: 165-175..

Among these notes and descriptions of new species distributed
in these fascicles, fourteen are enumerated from the Philippines.
None of these are new species but are previously described and
from the following genera: Meliola 5, Didymosphaeria i, Tricho-
sphaeria i, Paranectria i, MerrilUopeltis i, Gillctiella i, Asterina
3, and Calopeziza i.

Sydow, H. and P. Novae Eungorum Species, XII. Ann. Myc.

12: 195-204.

Of the thirty-two new species described here, twenty-one are
of Philippine origin. Among these is described one new genus,
Theissemtla, with T. clavispora on Schizostachyinn acutiflorum
as the type. The other new species include :

Graff: Philippine Fungi

275

Septobasidium minutulum, Kuehneola garugae, Coleosporium exact,
Aecidium parile, Entyloma oryzae, Mycosphaerella brideliae, M. reyesi
Gnomonia litseae, Myiocopron conjuncfum, Lophodermittm rotundatum,
Brachysporium bakeri, Cercospora alpiniae, C. artocarpi, C. batthiniae, C.
canavaliae, C. lagerstromiae, C. pachyderma, C. pahudiae, C. puerariae, and
Sporodesmium bakeri.

Sydow, H. and P. Fungi Exotici Exsiccati, Ease. V and VI.

Ann. Myc. 12 : 238-239.

In this list of a hundred numbers distributed in these two
fascicles twenty-eight are from the Philippines. Of these the
following: Uredo operciilinae, Meliola pelliciilosa, Guignardia
creberrima, Phyllachora sacchari-spontanei, and Asterina laxiu-
sciila, are cotype material of new species. Three numbers are
cotype of new Philippine genera, as follows : Diplochorella fer-
tilissima on Xylnpia aethiopica, Calopesiza mirabilis on Premna
odorata, and Lasiothyrhim cycloschizon on Aegiccras cornicu-
latns.

Rehm, H. ‘Ascomycetes Philippinenses, V. Lead. Philip. Bot.

6: 2191-2237.

Over one third of this enumeration of 130 species of Philip-
pine Ascomycetes consists in the description of new ones. These,
numbering fifty-four, are described under the following names :

Meliola callista, M. tincariae, Guignardia sterculiae, G. fuscocoriacea, G.
arengae, Anthostomella atronitens, A. copelandi, A. lichenoides, Rosellinia
rachidis, Massarinula cordiae, Amphisphaeria clerodendri, A. coronata, Meta-
sphaeria abundans, M. consociata, M. hibiscincola, M. gigantochloae, Herpo-
trichia pliilippinensis, Leptosphaeria simillima, Clypeosphaeria gigantochloae,
Ustulina placentiforinis, Nummularia papyracea, Poronia hypoxyloides, Xy-
laria bacillaris, Calosphaeria inconspicua, Eutypella preinnae, Entypa slangii,
E. capparidis, Diatrype clerodendri, Anthostoina flagellariae, Valsaria dis-
coidea, V. colludens, Holstiella eutypa, Kalmusia philippinarum, Phyllachora
congruens, P. atronitens, P. orbicula, P. donacina, Phaeodothis gigantochloae,
Scirrhia gigantochloae, Rhopographella reyesiana, Trichonectria bambusicola,
Seynesia alstoniae, Asterina lophopetali, Micropeltis aeruginaceus, M. pometiae,
Lophoderminm passiflorae, L. aleuritis, L. reyesianuin, Huinaria conforinis,
Plicaria bananincola, Trichaleurina polytricha, Linhartia luzonica, L. philip-
pinensis, and Bilimbia rhapidophylli.

Aside from these new species, there are described eleven new
varieties. All of this material was collected in the vicinity of Los
Banos, Province of Laguna.

276

Mycologia

Patouillard, N. Champignons des Philippines, I. Leafl.

Philip. Bot. 6 : 2239-2255.

An enumeration of seventy-seven Basidiomycetes communi-
cated by C. F. Baker. Of these, seven are described as new
species as follows :

Septobasidium bakeri, Hexagona reyesii, Hydnum insulare, H. copelandii,
Laschia simulans, Dictyopanus copelandii and Porolaschia raimundoi. Three
new forms of Hexagona thwaitesii are described, sinuata, resnpinata, and'
retropicta respectively. The collections were all made in the vicinity of
Los Banos, Province of Laguna, Luzon.

Sydow, H. and P. Fungi from Northern Palawan. Philip.

Journ. Sci. Bot. 9; 157-189.

This enumeration represents the results of a collection made by
E. D. ]\Ierrill on the island of Palawan, largely in the vicinity of
Taytay and Lake Manguao, during April and INIay, 1913. There
are included no species. Among these are described nine new
genera with the following as types :

Microdothella cuhnicola, Heterodothis leptotheca, Palawania grandis,
Stigmatodothis palawanensis, Actinodothis piperis, Aulacostroma palawanense,
Stephanotheca micromera, Phellostroma hypoxyloides and Ischnostroma
merrillii.

Also there are described as new the following thirty-nine species : Septo-
basidium subolivaceum, Meliola aglaiae, Balladyna melodori, Dimerosporina
dinochloa, Henningsomyces philippinensis,' H. pusillimus, Peroneufypella
graphidioides, P. arecae, Didymella acutata, D. pandanicola, Merrilliopeltis
parvula, Ophiobolus licnalae, Anthostomella, bicincta, A. cocoina, Rosellinia
truncata, Amphisphaeria palau'anensis, Melanomma philippinense, Phylla-
chora connari, Palawania cocoes, Dictyothyriuni giganteum, Micropeltella
merrillii, Asterina nodulifera, A. dilleniae, A. lobulifera, Asterinella pala-
wanensis, A. ramuligera, A. calami, Lembosia nervisequia, L. inconspicua,
Morenoella memecyli, Phomopsis arecae, Centhospora garciniae, Pycnothy-
riuni pandani, Aschersonia macularis, Colletotrichum arecae, Cereospora
licualae, Cercosporina helicteris, Stigmella palawanensis, and Exosporium
calophylli.

Graff, P. W. Philippine Basidiomycetes, II. Philip. Journ.

Sci. Bot. 9 : 235-254, pi. 2. '

This article contains an enumeration of sixty-eight species of
Basidiomycetes divided among the various groups as follows :
Tremellineae 3, Thelephoreae 2, Polyporeae 22, Agaricineae 31,
and Gasteromyceteae 9. Among these are described the follow-
ing six new species ; Lepiota sulphopenita, TricJioloma tenuis,

Graff : Philippine Fungi

277

Lentinus macgregorii, Agariciis liizonensis, Stropharia radicata,
and Coprinus flos-lactiis.

Lepiota pulcherrima is suggested as a nomen novum to replace
Morgan’s L. Candida, which is antedated by Copeland’s Philip-
pine species of the same name. Several new combinations are
also made including Polyporus benguetensis, Pomes subchin-
onetis, F. unguliformis and Trametes elmeri. Lentinus macgreg-
ori is illustrated by a plate.

Rehm, H. Ascomycetes Philippinenses, VI. Lead. Philip. Bot.
6: 2257-2281.

The eighty-three species enumerated in this article were col-
lected on Mount Maquiling, Mount Banajao and in the vicinity
of Los Banos in Laguna Province, Luzon. In the Stictidiaceae,
one new genus is described, Propoliopsis, with P. arengac on
Arenga saccharifera as the type. The following thirty-four
species are also described as new :

Guignardia albicans, Otthiella cyathoidea, Lentoinita philippinensis, Antho-
stomella donacis, A. sacchariferae, Amphisphaeria schisostachyi, A. notabilis,
Metasphaeria pseudostromatica, Massaria raimundoi,.M. nigroviridula, Acerbia
donacina, Atlescherina strebli, Eufypa megalosonia, E. inconspicua, Eutypella
leucaenae, Diatrype polygoneia, D. albizsiae, Peroneutypa discriminis, P.
philippinartim, Peroneutypella adelphica, P. cypheloides, Diaporthe citrincola,
Valsaria strebli, V. citri, Hypoxylon nummularioides, Auerswaldia pandani, A.
lophiostomacea, Nectriella ptychospermatis, Hypocrea mellea, Gillotiella late-
maculans, Cenangella gliricidiae, Propoliopsis arengae, Dasyscypha cyathea,
and Urnula philippinarum.

Saccardo, P. a. Fungi Philippinenses, in Notae Mycologicae.

Ann. Myc. 12: 303-314.

Of the fifty-three species enumerated from the Philippines the
larger portion are described as new. One new genus is described,
Pirostomella, with P. raimundi on Ficus nota as type. There
are also described forty-one new species. These include :

Dimerosporium lussoniense, Guignardia nianihoti, Rosellinia umbilicata,
Didymella lussoniensis, Metasphaeria reyesii, Ophiobolus graffianus, Phyllo-
sticta circumsepta, Phoma sesamina, P. bakeriana, P. fallaciosa, Phomopsis
myriostica, Cytospora aberrans, Vermicularia fallax, V. horridula, V. breviseta,
V. merrilliana, V. sesamina, Diplodia ricinicola, D. daturae, D. artocarpina,
D. coicis, T>. phaseolina, D. manihoti, D. solanicola, D. moringae, Hender-
sonia coicis, Stagonospora various, Gloeosporium macrophonioides, G. aleurit-
icum, Colletotrichiim lussoniense, Pestaloszia pauciseta, Dendrodochium lus-

278

Mycologia

soniense, Cercosporella uredinophila, Goniosporium unilaterale, Dichotomella
areolata, Sarcinella raimundi, Helminthosporium caryopsidum, Cladosporium
lineolatuni, Cercospora bakeriana, C. lussoniensis, and Torula anisospora.

Baker, C. F. The Lower Fungi of the Philippine Islands.

Leafl. Philip. Bot. 7: 2417-2542.

This extensive check-list appears as a supplement to one previ-
ously published by the same author in Elmer’s “ Leaflets ” at the
beginning of the year. To the 638 species listed in the previous
report, the addition is made of 320, bringing the total of these
forms known from the Islands up to 958 species. This large
addition in so short a time shows an indication of the possibili-
ties for the future, when more complete and extended collections
have been made, of a very extensive fungous flora. An addi-
tional host-index is appended to the article.

Bresadola, G. and Sydow, H. Enumeration of Philippine

Basidiomycetes. Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 9 : 345-352.

Among the ninety-three species listed but two are described
as new. The specimens were collected in various parts of the
Islands and by a number of collectors. Both new species belong
to the genus Hynienochaete and under the names H. subferru-
ginea and H. deflectens.

Sydow, H. and P. Diagnosen neuer philippinischer Pilze. Ann.

Myc. 12 : 545-576.

The diagnoses of sixty-five new species are given and with
them appear also eight new genera. The following are described
as the types of new genera ; Rizalia fasciculata on leaves of Dio-
spyros sp., Meliolina radians on leaves of Eugenia xanthophyllum,
Pycnoderma bambusinmn on leaves of Bambusa vulgaris, Angatia
eiigeniae on leaves of Eugenia perpallida, Odontoschizon parvu-
luni on leaves of Quercus ovalis, Manilaea bambusina on dead
culms of Bambusa blumeana, Exotrichum leucomelas on living
leaves of Sumbavia rottleroides and Psalidosperma mirabile on
leaves of Mitrephora sp.

Aside from these the species described as new include ;

Septobasidhim phyllophilum Aithaloderma longisetum, Balladyna uncinata,
Meliola subapoda, M. hamata, M. sacchari, M. fagraeae, M. champereiae, M.
linocierae, M. canarii, M. gliricidiae, M. bataanensis, M. scaevolae, M. risal-

Graff: Philippine Fungi

279

ensis, M. ramosii, M. panicicola, M. micromera, Physalospora bullata, Myco-
sphaerella ditissima, M. aristolochiae, Chaetosphaeria meliolicola, Acantho-
stigma vilae, Asterina anisopterae, A. camarinensis, A. densa, A. grammocarpa,
A oligocarpa, AsterineUa anamirtae, A. dipterocarpi, A. gracilis, Morenoella
anisocarpa, M. anisopterae, M. lagunensis, M. ramosii, M. tenuis, Lembosia
decolorans, Microthyrium imperatae, Micropeltella camarinensis, M. ramosii,
Pycnocarpon nodulosum, P. fimbriatum, Hypomyces sulphureus, Phyllachora
premnae, Telimena graminella, Ellisiodothis pandani, Uleopeltis bambusina,
Myriangium philippinense, Taphrina linearis, Coccomyces memecycli, Phyl-
losticta sumbaviae, Macrophoma euphorbiae, Psalidosperma mirabile, Pirosto-
tnella major, Gloeosporium merrillii, Colletotrichum sumbaviae, Cercospora
macarangae, Vermicularia ananassae and Microcera merrillii. Meliola clado-
triclia, M. pulclierrima, and M. arborescens are transferred to the genus
Meliolina.

1915

Sydow, H.- and P. Fungi Exotici Exsiccati, Fasc. VII-IX.

Ann. Myc. 13 : 68-70.

Of the 150 numbers issued in these three fascicles, one half
are Philippine specimens. Four numbers are cotype material of
new genera. Aulacostrorna palawancnse on Pandaniis Merrillii
and P. tectorius, Pycnoderma bamhusinnm on Bambusa vulgaris
and Schicosfachyuin sp., Exotrichum leitcomelas on Sumbavia
rottleroides and Ischnostroma merrillii on Talaitma sp. Cotype
material of new species are also represented in generous numbers.
Of these twenty-one appear under the following names :

Mohortia drepanoclada, Aithaloderma longisetum, Balladyna uncinata,
Meliola champereiae, M. linocicrae, M. ramosii, M. risalensis, Chaetosphaeria
meliolicola, Telimena graminella, Pycnocarpon nodulosum, Micropeltella
ramosii, Microthyrium imperatae, Lembosia decolorans, L. inconspicua,
Asterina densa, A. oligocarpa, AsterineUa gracilis, Taphrina linearis, Phyllo-
sticta sumbaviae, Ceuthospora garciniae, and Cercosporella uredinophila.

Bresadola, J. Basidiomycetes Philippinenses, III. Hedwigia

41 : 289-308.

This third article of Bresadola’s series includes an enumeration
of loi species of Basidiomycetes and has appended eight species
of Ascomycetes and two Hyphomycetes. Among the Basidio-
mycetes the following twenty-two are described as new :

Panus murinus, Xerotus vinoso-fuscus, Polyporus spadiceus, P. graffianus,
P. crustulinus, P. fusco-badius. Pomes fusco-pallens, F. validus, Poria lurida,
P. porphyrophaea, Hexagonia umbrina, Grammothele cineracea, G. delicata,
Hymenochaete variegata, H. mollis, H. livens, Veluticeps philippinensis, Corti-
cium hinnuleum, Gloeocystidium lacticolor, Septobasidium merrillii, Pterula

280

Mycologia

jrncticola, and Heterochaele pallida. Two species of Ascomycetes arc also
described as new under the names Eutypa polygramma and Nummularia
inerrillii.

Patouillard, N. Champignons des Philippines Communiques

par C. F. Baker, II. Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. lo ; 85-98.

An enumeration of ninety-four species is included in this ar-
ticle. Among these one new genus appears, Duportella, with
two new species, V. velutina and D. raimnndoi, under it. Ten
other species are also described as new including :

Septobasidium laxum, Hymenochaete pavonia, Leucoporus ameides, Lepto-
porus armatus, Hexagona lachnochaeta, Elmerina foliacea, Daedalea philip-
pinensis, Ganoderma bakeri, G. • plicatum, and Crinipellis fragilis. The
specimens listed were all collected in the Province of Laguna, Luzon.

Saccardo, P. a. Fungi Philippinenses, in Notae Mycologicae.

Ann. Myc. 13: 126-128.

Notes on eight Philippine species are here given. Of these,
seven, Uredo claoxyll, Limacinia biseptata, Microxyphiuni
dubiiim, Didymosphaeria caespitulosa, Massarinula obliqua,
Rhabdospora synedrellac and I llosporitim tabacinum are described
as new. The eighth is described as a new form under the name
Phomopsis palmicola (Wint.) Sacc. iorma are cae.

Theissen, F. and Sydow, H. Die Dothideales. Ann. Myc. 13 :

149-746, pi. 1-6.

In this monograph of the Dothideales, Theissen and Sydow
cite numerous species as being found in the Philippines. Among
these should be noted the following, DarivincUa orbicula is made
the type of a new genus, Elmer ococcum, Romnegueria ichnanthi
is made the type of the new genus Phragmocarpella to which
Homostegia fusispora is also transferred and Munkiodothis is
described as a new genus with M. melastomata from Java and the
Philippines as the type. The genus Catacanma receives the fol-
lowing : C. circinata, C. elmeri, C. lagnnensis, C. valsiforme, C.
apoense, C. sangiiineiim, C. aspideum and C. pterocarpi, which are
transferred from the genus Phyllachora. Catacanma garciae,
Trabutia vernicosa, and T. elmeri are described as new species
from the Philippines.

A number of Philippine species hitherto assigned to this group

Graff: Philippine Fungi

281

are excluded. The species Aiterswaldia decipiens, A. pandani,
A. gigantochloae, Dothidella derridis, Scirrhia lusoncnsis, and
Phaeodothis gigantochloae are said to belong to the Sphaeriales.
Hysterostomella alsophilae and Gilletiella late-maadans are also
excluded, the former being a Discomycete and the latter a Lichen.

Rehm, H. Ascomycetes Philippinenses, VII. Lead. Philip.

Bot. 8: 2921-2933.

The seventh contribution of this series presents a list of thirty-
three species and contains descriptions of seventeen wdiich are
described as new. These include :

Hypoxylina philippinensis, Nectria flavido-carnca, N. leucaenae, Broomella
zeae, Parametria luxurians, Lophodermium planchoniae, L. aleuritis, Cocco-
myces dubius, Briardia niaquilingiana, Cenangium bltaneanum, Lagerheima
dermatoidea, Niptera grewiae, Trichobelonium melioloides, Pezizella ombro-
philacea, Hutnaria caballina, Plicaria tropica, and Leinbosia pandani.

New York Botanical Garden.

INDEX TO NEW GENER.\ AND SPECIES

Acanthostigma vilae, 279
Acerbia donacina, 277
Acrospermum elmeri, 271
latissimum, 266
Actinodothis, 276
piperis, 276
Actinostroma, 255
crassum, 255
infundibulifornie, 253
Aecidium banosense, 272
blumeae, 263
lagunense, 274
luzoniense, 239
parile, 273
plucheae, 263
uvariae-rufae, 263
Agaricus argyrostactus, 260
boltoni, 260
luzonensis, 277
manilensis, 260
merrillii, 260
noctilucens, 236
perfuscus, 260
philippinensis, 233
Aithaloderma, 269

clavatisporum, 269, 271
longisetum, 278, 279
Allescherina strebli, 277
Amauroderma asperulatum, 264
bataanense, 264
clemensiae, 264
elmerianum, 262
ramosii, 264

Amphisphaeria bambusina, 270
clerodendri, 273
coronata, 273
leucacenae, 272
notabilis, 277
palawanensis, 276
schizostachyi, 277
-Angatia, 278

eugeniae, 278

Anthostoma flagellariae, 273
Anthostomella atronitens, 273
bicincta, 276
calocarpa, 270, 271
cocoina, 276
copelandi, 273
discophora, 274
donacina, 272
donacis, 277
elmeri, 266
lichenoides, 273
mindorensis, 272
sacchariferae, 277
-Apiospora luzonensis, 263
Apiosporella aberrans, 274
coryphae, 272

Aschersonia cinnabarina, 239
confluens, 239
macularis, 276

Aspergillus periconioides, 270, 271
Asterina anisopterae, 279
camarinensis, 279
cassiae, 268, 270
decipiens, 266

282

Mycologia

densa, 279
derridis, 263
diaphana, 265
dilleniae, 276
elaeocarpi, 265
elmeri, 265
escharoides, 265
grammocarpa, 279
irregularis, 266
laxiuscula, 270, 275
lobata, 266
lobulifera, 276
lophopetali, 275
nodulifera, 276
oligocarpa, 279
opposita, 271
porriginosa, 266
pusilla, 274
subinermis, 271
trachycarpa, 266
transversalis, 266
Asterinella anamirtae, 279
calami, 276
dipterocarpi, 279
distinguenda, 274
gracilis, 279
loranthi, 274
lugubris, 274
luzonensis, 274
obesa, 274
palawanensis, 276
ramuligera, 276
Auerswaldia copelandi, 261
decipiens, 272
derridis, 263
lophiostomacea, 277
merrillii, 263
pandani, 277
Aulacostroma, 276

palawanense, 276, 279
Balladyna melodori, 276
uncinata, 278, 279
Biatorina sublutea, 272
Bilimbia rhapidophylli, 275
Botryodiplodia anceps, 270
curta, 273

Botryosphaeria bakeri, 270
Bovista jonesii, 272
Brachysporium bakeri, 275
pini-insularis, 263
Briardia maquilingiana, 281
Broomella zeae, 281
Bulgaria pusilla, 265
Bulgariastrum, 273
caespitosum, 274
Calonectria copelandii, 263
limpida, 266
Calopeziza, 273

mirabilis, 274, 275
Calosphaeria inconspicua, 275
Campsotrichum heterochaetum, 273

Cantharellus merrillii, 266
philippinensis, 267
Catacauma garciae, 280
Catenularia velutina, 274
Cauloglossum saccatum, 266
Cenangella gliricidae, 277
Cenangium blumeanum, 281
Centhospora garciniae, 276
Ceratosphaeria philippinarum, 269
Cercospora alpiniae, 275
artocarpi, 275
bakeri, 270
bakeriana, 278
bauhiniae, 275
biophyti, 270
canavaliae, 275
gliriciliae, 270
helminthostachydis, 264
lagerstromiae, 275
licualae, 276
litseae-glutinosae, 270
lussoniensis, 278
macarangae, 279
pachyderma, 275
pahudiae, 275
pantoleuca, 270
puerariae, 275
pumila, 267, 269
stizolobii, 269
subtorulosa, 269
tabernaemontanae, 274
tiglii, 263

Cercosporella uredinophila, 278, 279
Cercosporina barringtoniae, 272
carthami, 272
helicteris, 276
taccae, 272

Ceuthospora garciniae, 279
Chaetomium cumingii, 256
Chaetosphaeria meliolicola, 279
Cintractia cyperi-polystachyi, 263
merrillii, 263
Cladoderris blumei, 256
Cladosporium lineolatum, 278
oplismeni, 274
Clavaria serculus, 255
Clypeosphaeria gigantochloae, 275
Coccomyces canarii, 272
dubius, 281
memecycli, 279
Coleosporium exaci, 275
merrillii, 263

Colletotrichum arecae, 276
euchronum, 270
lussoniense, 277
pandani, 270, 271
sumbaviae, 279
Coltricia benguetensis, 264
Coniosporium extremorum, 269
liniolatum, 270
Coniothyrium coffeae, 263
gmelinae, 263

Graff: Philippine Fungi

283

oroxyli, 263
Copelandia, 267
Coprinus ater, 260
bryanti, 260
concolor, 260
confertus, 260
flos-lactus, 277
ornatus, 260
pseudo-plicatus, 260
revolutus, 260
rimosus, 260
volutus, 260

Coriolopsis bataanensis, 264
copelandi, 264
melleoflavus, 264
subcrocata, 264
Coriolus clemensiae, 264
cuneatiformis, 262
currani, 264
perpusillus, 264
nibritinctus. 264
subvernicipes, 264
Corticium hinnuleum, 279
hydnatinum, 255
Crinipellis fragilis, 280
Cryptosphaeria philippinensis, 270
Cryptovalsa philippinensis, 273
Cyathus elmeri, 266
Cyclodothis, 269

pulchella, 269, 271
Cycloporellus barbatus, 264
Cylindrosporium exiguum, 274
Cytospora aberrans, 277
calami, 265
lirella, 265

Daedalea gilvidula, 266
inconcuina, 255
isabellina, 264
philippinensis. 280
subconfragosa, 264
tenuis, 255

Daldinia luzonensis, 270
Darwinella orbicula, 265
Dasyscypha cyathea, 277
merrillii, 274

Dendrodochium lussoniense, 277
Diaporthe citrincola, 277
Diatrype albizziae, 277
clerodendri, 275
megale, 269
mindanaensis, 263
polygoneia. 277
Diatrypella psidii, 274
Dichonema erectuni. 255
Dichotomella areolata, 278
Dictyopanus copelandii, 276
Dictyophora speciosa, 255
Dictyothyrium giganteum, 276
Didymella, acutata, 276
lussoniensis, 277
pandanicola, 276

Didymosphaeria blumeae, 272
caespitulosa, 280
minutelloides, 269
Diedickea. 269

singularis, 269, 271
Dimeriella cyathearum, 274
Dimerina graffii, 268, 270
Dimerium pseudo-perisporioides, 270
scabrosum, 266
Dimerosporina dinochloa, 276
pusilla, 270

Dimerosporium lussoniense, 277
mindanaense, 263
Diplochorella, 275
fertilissima, 275
Diplodia artocarpi, 273
artocarpina, 277
_ caricae, 273
coicis, 277
daturae, 277
durionis, 270
fructus-pandani, 263
gmelinae, 263
hibisci, 263
manihoti, 277
moringae, 277
phaseolina, 277
ricinicola, 277
solanicola, 277
synedrellae, 273
Discodothis lobata, 274
Discosiella, 266

cylindrospora, 266
Dothidea pterocarpi, 270
Dothidella albizziae, 270
canarii, 272

Dothiorella crastophila, 273
Duportella, 280

raimundoi, 280
velutina, 280
Elfvingia elmeri, 262
Ellisiodothis pandani, 279
Elmerina, 266
foliacea, 280
Elmerococcum, 280
Endoxyla mangiferae, 263
Entyloma oryzae, 275
Ephelis caricina, 270
Epichloe warburgiana, 258
Erinnella philippinensis, 274
Eutypa capparidis, 275 ,
inconspicua, 277
macropunctata, 272
megalosoma, 277
polygramma, 280
slangii. 275

Eutypella leucaenae, 277
prcmnae, 275
Exidia lagunensis. 272
Exosporium calophylli, 276
Exotrichum. 278

leucomelas, 278, 279

284

Mycologia

Favolus fibrillosus, 256
purpureus, 259
fesinosus, 264
subrigidus, 264
Fomes fusco-pallens, 279
luzonensis, 262
mcgregori, 267
pachydermus, 266
philippinensis, 262
subresinosus, 264
subungulatus, 264
validus, 279

Funalia philippinensis, 262
Fusarium paspalicola, 259
Ganoderma bakeri, 280
balabacense, 264
currani, 264
plicatum, 280
subtornatum, 262
williamsianum, 262
Gibberella creberrima, 274
Gibberidea nipae, 263
Gillotiella late-maculans, 277
Gloeocystidium lacticolor, 279
Gloeophyllum edule, 262
nigrozonatum, 264
Gloeosporium alchorneae, 272
aleuriticum, 277
canavaliae, 268, 270
catechu, 268
graffii, 267, 269
hoyae, 269
lebbeck, 271, 274
macrophomoides, 277
merrillii, 279

Glonium bambusinum, 274
Gnomonia litseae, 275
Goniosporium unilaterale, 278
Grammothele cineracea, 279
delicata, 279

Graphiola cylindrospora, 269
Guignardia albicans, 277
arengae, 275
creberrima, 274, 275
freycinetia, 269
fuscocoriacea, 275
manihoti, 277
sterculiae, 275

Haematoniyces carneus, 270
Hamaspora acutissima. 267
Hapalopilus ramosii, 264
subrubidus, 262
Haplosporella manilensis, 273
Helminthosporium caryopsidum, 278
inversum, 273
Hendersonia coicis, 277
Henningsomyces philippinensis, 276
pusillimus, 276

Herpotrichia philippinensis, 275
Heterochaete pallida, 280
Heterodothis, 276
leptotheca, 276

Heterosporium coryphae, 267, 269
Hexagona albida, 258
ciliata, 255
cladophora, 258
flabelliformis, 258
lachnochaeta, 280
luzonensis, 264
pertenuis, 264
reyesii, 276

Hexagonia umbrina, 279
Holstiella eutypa, 275
Homostegia fusispora, 265
Humaria caballina, 281
conformis, 275
raimundoi, 269
Hydnum copelandii, 276
insulare, 276
webii, 256

Hymenochaete deflectens, 278
livens, 279
mollis, 279
pavonia, 280
subferruginea, 278
variegata, 279
Hymenula copelandi, 273
Hypocrea degenerans, 270
mellea, 277

Hypocrella botryosa, 265
melaena, 274
schizostachyi, 263
Hypomyces sulphurous, 279
Flypospila ambigua, 274
Hypoxylina philippinensis, 281
Hypoxylon apoense, 263
coryphae, 272
disjunctum, 269
fulvo-ochraceum, 269
hibisci, 263
lianincolum, 273
lilliputianum, 265
minutellum, 264
nucigenum, 263
nummularioides, 277
Hysterium hoyae, 263
Hysterostoniella psychotriae, 268, 270
Illosporium tabacinum, 280
Inonotus clemensiae, 264
elmerianus, 262
Ischnostroma, 276
merrillii, 276
Julella luzonensis, 263
•Kalmusia philippinarum, 275
Kuehneola garugae, 275
Laboulbenia oedionchi, 274
philippina, 274
Lachnea albo-grisea, 269
Laestadia festiva, 266
Lagerheima dermatoidea, 281
Laschia philippinensis, 272
simulans, 276
I.asiothyrium, 273

cycloschizon, 274, 275 ■

Graff: Philippine Fungi

285

Lasmenia ficina, 270
Lembosia congregata, 265
decolorans, 279
dipterocarpi, 263
eugeniae, 270
inconspicua, 276
nervisequia, 276
pandani, 281
pothoidei, 269
Lentinus abnormis, 258
candidus, 272
connatus, 255
elmeri, 266
lagunensis, 272
macgregorii, 277
Lentomita philippinensis, 277
Lenzites acuta, 255
clemensiae, 264
pallida, 255
platypoda, 256
submurina, 264
Lepiota Candida, 260
chlorospora, 260
data, 260
manilensis, 260
sulphopenita, 276
Leptopeziza mindanaensis, 263
Leptoporus armatus, 280
Leptosphaeria ambiens, 270
simillima, 275

Leptothyrium circumcissum, 274
Leucoporus ameides, 280
Limacina biseptata, 280
Limacinula malloti, 272
Linhartia luzonica, 275
philippinensis, 275
Linospora pandani, 268
Lisea spatholobi, 272
Lophodermium aleuritis, 275, 281
passiflorae, 272, 275
planchoniae, 281
reyesianum, 275
rotundatum, 275
Lycoperdon todayense, 260
Macrophoma cyamopsidis, 272
euphorbiae, 279
punctiformis, 270
seriata, 270
Manilaea, 278

bambusina, 278
Marsonia pavonia, 271
Massaria nigroviridula, 277
raimundoi, 277
Massarinula cordiae, 275
obliqua, 280

Melampsora cingens, 266
Melanconium merrillii, 274
Melanographium, 273
spleniosporum, 273
Melanomma mindorense, 272
philippinense, 276
Melasmia exigua, 263
Meliola acalyphae, 270

acutisecta, 271
affinis, 271
aglaiae, 276
aliena, 266
araneosa, 271
arborescens, 269, 271
bataanensis, 278
callicarpae, 267
callista, 275
canarii, 278
champereiae, 278, 279
confragosa, 266
cylindrophora, 269
diplochaeta, 266
elmeri, 266
fagraeae, 278
gliricidiae, 278
gymnosporiae, 267
hamata, 278
heterotricha, 271
hewittiae, 270
horrida, 272
hyptidis, 264
intricata, 270
laevigata, 266
linocierae, 278, 279
macrochaeta, 266
maesae, 272
merremiae, 270
merrillii, 274
micromera, 279
mitragynes, 274
opaca, 271
opposita, 271
palawanensis, 266
panicicola, 279
parvula, 271
patens, 266
pelliculosa, 274, 275
peregrina, 274
perpusilla, 274
pulcherrima, 268, 269
quadrifurcata, 269
ramosii, 279
rizalensis, 278, 279
sacchari, 278
sandorici, 272
scaevolae, 278
sidae, 272
subapoda, 278
tamarindi, 267
telosmae, 272
uncariae, 275
uvariae, 270
vilis, 271
Meliolina, 278
radians, 278
Merrilliopeltis, 263
calami, 263
daemonoropsis, 274
hoehnelii, 269
parvula, 276
Merulius conicus, 257

286

Mycologia

Metasphaeria abundans, 275
consociata, 275
gigantochloae, 275
hibiscincola, 275
maculans, 272
pseudostromatica, 277
raimundoi, 272
reyesii, 277

Microcera merrillii, 279
Microdothella, 276
culmicola, 276
Micropeltella, 271

camarinensis, 279
clavispora, 271
megaspenna, 274
merrillii, 276
ramosii, 279

Micropeltis aequalis, 266
aeruginaceus, 275
applanata, 272
bauhiniae, 273
consimilis, 272
corruscans, 270
pometiae, 275
semecarpi, 274

Microporellus subdealbatus, 262
Microstroma philippinense, 270, 271
Microthyriella philippinensis, 272
Microthyrium elatum, 270
imperatae, 279
Microxyphium dubium, 280
Mohortia drepanoclada, 279
Mollisia copelandi, 262
ravida, 265

Morenoella anisocarpa, 279
anisopterae, 279
lagunensis, 279
memecyli, 276
ramosii, 279
tenuis, 279
Munkiodothis, 280
melastomata, 280
Mycosphaerella alocasiae, 267, 269
aristolochiae, 279
brideliae, 275
caricae, 272
ditissima, 279
oculata, 272
pericampyli, 270
reyesi, 275
roureae, 268, 270
Myiocopron bakerianum, 272
conjunctum, 275
Myriangium philippinense, 279
Naucoria manilensis, 272
Nectria flavido-carnea, 281
leucaenae, 281
manilensis, 259
Nectriella philippina, 272
ptychospermatis, 277
Nematothecium, 266
vinosum, 266
Niptera grewiae, 281

Nummularia gracilenta, 264
merrillii, 280
papyracea, 275
philippinensis, 261
urceolata, 269
Odontoschizon, 278
parvulum, 278

Ombrophila helotioides, 270
sanguinea, 269
Cospora obducens, 274
Ophiobolus graffianus, 277
licualae, 276
livistonae, 263
nipae, 263
seriatus, 270

Ophionectria ennacea, 269
Otthiella cyathoidea, 277
Palawania, 276
cocoes, 276
grandis, 276

Panaeolus panaiensis, 260
pseudopapilionaceus, 260
Panus badius, 255
murinus, 279

Paranectria luxurians, 281
Parmularia hymenolepidis, 263
Peroneutypa discriminis, 277
philippinarum, 277
Peroneutypella adelphica, 277
arecae, 276
cocoes, 266
cypheloides, 277
graphidioides, 276
Pestalozzia pauciseta, 277
Pezizella ombrophilacea, 281
Phaeodothis gigantochloae, 275
Phellostroma, 276

hypoxyloides, 276
Phonia bakeriana, 277
fallaciosa, 277
sabdarihfae, 273
sesamina, 277
Phomopsis arecae, 276
bakeri, 274
dioscoreae, 273
gliricidiae, 274
myriostica, 277
Phragmocarpella, 280
Phyllachora afzeliae, 270
aggregatula, 265
apoensis, 265
ardisiae, 263
atrofigurans, 269
atronitens, 275
canarii, 263
circinata, 265
congruens, 275
connari, 276
dischidiae, 270
donacina, 275
elmeri, 265
fici-minahassae, 263
glochidii, 265

Graff: Philippine Fungi

287

lagunae, 272
lagunensis, 270
lepida, 265
luzohensis, 263
macarangae, 263
merrillii, 261
oblohgispora, 271
orbicula, 275
pahudiae, 268, 270
parkiae, 263
phaseolina, 274
pongamiae, 263
premnae, 279
pseudes, 272
pterocarpi, 272
rottboelliae, 274
roureae, 270, 271
sacchari-spontanei, 270, 275-
schoenicola, 269
valsiformis, 272
Phyllosticta acoridii, 263
bakeri, 270
circumsepta, 277
graffiana, 270
manihoticola, 274
siphonodontis, 270
siimbaviae, 279
Physalospora bullata, 279
hoyae, 269
ramosii, 263
Pirostomella, 277
major, 279
raimundi, 277

Placosphaeria durionis, 265
merrillii, 263
tiglii, 263

Pleosphaerulina phaseolina, 270
Plicaria bananincola, 275
tropica, 281

Podosporium gigasporum, 270
Polyporus brunneolus, 256
caliginosus, 258
coracinus, 262
crustulinus, 279
cumingii, 255
elongatus, 255
endothejus, 258
fusco-badiiis, 279
graffianus, 279
grammocephalus, 255
intybaceus, 255
laeticolor, 258
meyenii, 255
microloma, 256
ochreo-laccatus, 255
ostraeformis, 258
palensis, 262
philippinensis, 255
spadiceus, 279
tostus, 256

Polystictus melanospilus, 267
nmbrinus, 266
Poria lurida, 279

porphyrophaea, 279
straminea, 266
tricolor, 266

Porolaschia raimundoi, 276
Poronia hypoxyloides, 275
Propoliopsis, 277
arengae, 277
Psalidosperma, 278
mirabile, 278, 279
Pseudomeliola placida, 265
Pterula fructicola, 279
Puccinia citrata, 267
erebia, 274
leochroma, 266
merrillii, 263
mesomorpha, 264
paullula, 269
philippinensis, 270
Pycnocarpon fimbriatum, 279
nodulosum, 279
Pycnoderma, 278

bambusinum, 278, 279
Pycnothyrium lobatum, 274
pandani, 276

Pyropolyporus lamaensis, 262
merrillii, 262
tenuissimus, 264
tricolor, 264
subextensus, 264
williamsii, 262

Rhabdospora synedrellae, 280
Rhopographella reyesiana, 275
Rhopographus blumeanus, 272
Rhynchostoma sanguineo-atrum, 272
Rhytisma lagerstromiae, 263
viburni, 263
Rizalia, 278

fasciculata, 278
Rosellinia bambusae, 263
cocoes, 263
dolichospora, 266
fuscomaculans, 272
lamprostoma, 270
megalosperma, 274
merrillii, 274
procera, 264
rachidis, 275
truncata, 276
umbilicata, 277
Roumegueria ichnanthi, 263
Sarcinella raimundi, 278
Schizochora, 269
elmeri, 269, 271
Scirrhia gigantochloae, 275
luzonensis, 263

Scolecopeltis garciniae, 273 •

Septcbasidium bakeri, 276
laxum. 280
merrillii, 279
minutnlum, 275
molliusculum, 271
phyllophilum, 278

288

Mycologia

subolivaceum, 276
Septogloeum aureum, 265
Septoria bakeri, 270
Seynesia alstoniae, 275
clavispora, 269
ipomoeae, 274
scutellum, 265
Sirosphaera, 273
botryosa, 274
Sphaeria eschscholzii, 254
examinans, 255
micraspira, 255
pileiformis, 255
Sj)haeropsis pandani, 263
Sphaerulina smilacincola, 268, 269
Spongipellis luzonensis, 262
Sporccybe philippinensis, 263
Sporodesmium bakeri, 275
Stagonospora varians, 277
Stephanotheca, 276
micromera, 276
Stereum adustum, 256
luzoniense, 261
moselli, 258
perlatum, 255
spectabile, 255
Stigmatea bullata, 265

cinereomaculans, 270
Stigmatodothis, 276
palawanensis, 276
Stigmatomyces, 270
bakeri, 270

Stigmella manilensis, 270, 271
palawanensis, 276
Stropharia radicata, 277
Taphrina linearis, 279
Telimena graminella, 279
Tephrosticta, 270
ficina. 270
Theissenula, 274
clavispora, 274
Thelephora diamesa, 261
nigrescens, 266
paradoxa, 256
Tilletia opaca, 270
Tolyposporium philippinense, 267
Torula anisospora. 278
Trabutia elmeri, 280
vernicosa. 280
Trametes badia, 255
caespitosa, 262
conchatus, 258
conglobata, 264
dermatodes, 256
incana. 256
insularis, 264
laniaensis, 262
Inzonensis, 262
subaciita, 262
versatilis. 25
williamsii. 262
Traversoa, 270

dothiorelloides, 270

excipuloides, 270
Trematosphaeria palaquii, 261
Trichaleurina polytricha, 275
Trichobelonium melioloides, 281
Tricholoma tenuis, 276
Trichonectria bambusicola, 275
Trichosporium olivatum, 271
Trichothyrium orbiculare, 274
Tryblidiella mindanaensis, 263
Tulostoma pusillum, 255
Tyromyces elmeri, 262
merrittii, 264
subchioneus, 264
unguliformis, 264
Uleopeltis bambusina, 279
Uredo abri, 263

anthraxonis-ciliaris, 263
castaneae, 263
claoxyli, 280
davaoensis, 261
hygrophilae, 261
knoxiae, 263
manilensis, 264
nerviseda, 274
operculinae, 274, 275
philippinensis, 261
wedeliae-biflorae, 261
Urnula philippinarum, 277
Uromyces deeringiae, 260
hewittiae, 261

Ustilaginoidea ochracea, 259
Ustilago flagellaita, 266
isachnes, 267
manilensis, 267
rosulata, 267

Ustulina placentiformis, 275
Valsaria citri, 277
colludens, 275
censors, 270
discoidea, 275
strebli, 277

Valsella pinangae, 264
Veluticeps philippinensis, 279
Venturia litseae, 272
Vermicularia ananassae, 279
breviseta, 277
fallax, 277
horridula, 277
merrilliana. 277
pandani, 266
sesamina, 277
Vizella passiflorae, 273
Volvaria esculenta, 266
pruinosa, 272
Whitfordia, 264
Xerotus vinoso-fuscus, 279
Xylaria bacillaris, 275
bataanensis, 263
copelandii. 263
gigantochloae, 270
gracilenta, 265
luzonensis, 259
Zignoella arengae, 272

INDEX TO AMERICAN MYCOLOGICAL
LITERATURE

Adams, J. F. Internal uredinia. Mycologia 8: i8i, 182. pi. 186.
23 My 1916.

Anderson, P. J., & Rankin, W. H. Endothia canker of chestnut.
Cornell Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 347: 533-618. pi. 26-40 -\-f. 77-
loi. Je 1914.

Arthur, J. C. Cultures of Uredineae in 1915. Mycologia 8:
125-141. 23 My 1916.

Bartholomew, E. T. Observations on the fern rust Hyalo psora '
Polypodii. Bull. Torrey Club 43; 195-199. /. i-3- 22 My
1916.

Beardslee, H, C. Boletus rubinellus. In Lloyd, C. G., Myco-
logical Notes 40: 543. 544- /• 745- F 1916.

Blankinship, J. W. Conditions of plant life in the Selby smoke
zone, January i to July i, 1914. U. S. Dept. Int. Mines Bull.
98: 381-397- pi- 29-21 + f- 4- J1 1915-

Includes notes on fungus diseases.

Bourdot, H. New Porias from France. In Lloyd, C. G., Myco-
logical Notes 40: 543. f. 742, 744- F 1916.

Poria mellita and P. mollicula.

Carpenter, C. W. The Rio Grande lettuce disease. Phytopa-
thology 6; 303-305, /. I. Je 1916.

Cook, M. T. Common diseases of the grape. New Jersey Agr.

Exp. Sta. Circ. 55: 1-8. /. i, 2. 15 Ja 1916.

Crabill, C. H. The frog-eye leaf spot of apples. Virginia Agr.
Exp. Sta. Bull. 209; 1-16. /. 7-5. D 1915.

Sphaeropsis malorum.

Cunningham, G. C. Studies in club-root. II. Disease resistance
of crucifers ; methods of combating club-root. Vermont Agr.
Exp. Sta. Bull. 185 : 67-96. pi. 1-9. N 1914.

Eriksson, J. Fortgesetzte Studien fiber Rhisoctonia violacea DC.

Arkiv. Bot. : 1-31. /. i-i2- 8 J1 1915.

Gilkey, H. M. A revision of the Tuberales of California. Univ.
Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 275-356. pi. 26-30. 31 Mr 1916.

289

290

IMycologia

Graff, P. W. Fungi. [In iMerrill, E. D., An enumeration of
the plants of Guam.] Philip. Jour. Sci. 9: (Bot.) 37-40. Ap
1916.

Includes Cladosporium Clemensiae Graff.

Harter, L. L. Rhizoctonia and Sclcrotiurn rolfsii on sweet pota-
toes. Phytopathology 6; 305, 306. Je 1916.

Hawkins, L. A. Effect of certain species of Fusarhim on the
composition of the potato tuber. Jour. Agr. Research 6: 183-
196. I My 1916.

Hawkins, L. A. The influence of calcium, magnesium and potas-
sium nitrates upon the toxicity of certain heavy metals toward
fungus spores. Physiol. Researches i ; 57-92. /. 1-6. Au

1913-

Hotson, J. W. Observations on fire blight in the Yakima Valley,
Washington. Phytopathology 6: 288-292. pi. 7, 8. Je 1916.
Jones, F. R. Pleosphaerulina on alfalfa. Phytopathology 6 :
299. 300. Je 1916.

Kern, F. D,, & Orton, C. R. PhytophtJiora inf esfans on tomatoes.

Phytopathology 6: 284-287. /. /, 2. Je 1916.

Lloyd, C. G. The genus Hydnocliacte. Mycological Notes 41 ;
559-572. /. 766-781. ^Ir 1916.

Lloyd, C. G. H. C. Beardslee. Mycological Notes 41 : 58. Mr
1916.

[Portrait]

Lloyd, C. G. Mycological Notes 40: 541-556. f- 743-7^5 +
frontispiece. E 1916.

Long, W. H. Note on western red rot in Piniis ponderosa.

Mycologia 8: 178-180. 23 My 1916.

Lyon, H. L. Eungi. [In Rock, J. E., Palmyra Island with a
description of its flora.] College of Hawaii Publ. Bull. 4: 33.
19 Ap 1916.

Martin, G. W. The common diseases of the pear. New Jersey
Agr. Exp. Sta. 52: 1-12. f. 1-6. i D 1915.

Meier, F. C. Watermelon stem-end rot. Jour. Agr. Research
6: 149-152. pi. 17. 24 Ap 1916.

Meinecke, E. P. Pcridermium Harkncssii and Cronartinm Qiier-
cuiim. Phytopathology 6: 255-240. /. i, 2. Je 1916.

Index to American Mycological Literature 291

Metcalf, H. Spread of the chestnut blight in Pennsylvania.

Phytopathology 6: 302. Je 1916.

Murrill, W. A. Illustrations of fungi — XXIII. Mycologia 8:
121-124. pi. i8j. 23 My 1916.

Russula delica, R. flava, R. virescens, R. obscura and R. compacta are
illustrated.

Murrill, W. A. A very dangerous mushroom. Mycologia 8 ;
186, 187. 23 My 1916.

Panaeolus venenosits sp. nov.

Pierce, R. G. Pinus resinosa, a new host for Peridermium aci-
colum. Phytopathology 6: 302, 303. Je 1916.

Robbins, W. J. Influences of certain salts and nutrient solu-
tions on the secretion of diastase by Penicillium Camembertn.
Am. Jour. Bot. 3: 234-260. /. /-j. 26 My 1916.

Rock, J. F. Palmyra Island with a description of its flora.
College of Hawaii Pub. Bull. 4: 1-53. pi. 1-20. 19 Ap 1916.

Published with the cooperation of O. Beccari, A. Zahlbruckner, U. Martelli,
H. L. Lyon, and M. A. Howe.

Rosenbaum, J. Phytophthora disease of ginseng. Cornell Agr.

Exp. Sta. Bull. 363; 65-106. /. 2-18. O 1915.

Smith, C. 0. Cottony rot of lemons in California. Phyto-
pathology 6: 268-278. /. T-5. Je 1916.

Smith, E. F. Crown gall studies showing changes in plant struc-
ture due to a changed stimulus. Jour. Agr. Research 6: 179-
182. pi. 18-2 J. 24 Ap 1916.

Preliminary note.

Spaulding, P. Foresters have a vital interest in the white pine
blister rust. Proc. Soc. Am. Foresters ii : 40-47. Ja 1916.
Spegazzini, C. Segunda contribucion al conocimiento de las
Laboulbeniales italianas. An. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos
Aires 27: 37“74- /• 1-3S. I9IS-

Includes the new genera Parahydraeomyces and Thripomyces and 31 new
species in various genera.

Standley, P. C. Fungi of New Mexico. Mycologia 8; 142-177.
23 My 1916.

Includes Aecidium Cockerellii Arthur sp. nov.

Stevens, F. L. & Peterson, A. Some new strawberry fungi.
Phytopathology 6: 258-266. /. 1-26. Je 1916.

Includes descriptions of Sphaerondemella Fragariae and PatelHna Fra-

gariae, spp. nov.

292

Mycologia

Swingle, D. B. Fruit diseases in Montana. Montana Agr. Exp.
Sta. Circ. 37 : 263-329. /. 1-21. F 1914.

Taubenhaus, J. J. A wilt disease of the columbine. Phytopa-
thology 6: 254-257. f. I, 2. Je 1916.

Thom, C., & Ayers, S. H. Effect of pasteurization on mold
spores. Jour. Agr. Research 6: 153-166. /. /-j. 24 Ap 1916.

Weir, J. R. Hypoderma deformans, an undescribed needle fun-
gus of the western yellow pine. Jour. Agr. Research 6 : 277-
288. pi 32-\-f. 1-4. 22 My 1916..

Weir, J. Rj Pathological observations on the chestnut in south-
ern Indiana. Am. Rep. Indiana State Board Forestry 1915 :
14(^163. /. 26-32. 1915.

Werkenthin, F. C. Fungous flora of Texas soils. Phytopathol-
ogy 6 : 241-253. Je 1916.

Wolf, F. A. Dissemination of bur clover leaf spot. Phytopa-
thology 6: 301. Je 1916.

Wolf, F. A. Neocosmospora vasinfecta Erw. Sm. on potato and
adzuki bean. Phytopathology 6: 301. Je 1916.

Wolf, F. A. Sclcrotiiim rolfsii Sacc. on Citrus. Phytopathology
6: 302. Je 1916.

No. 17. The Tylostomaceae of North America, by V, S. White.

No. 24. The Nidulariaceae of North America, by V. S. White.

No. 27. Some Mt. Desert Fungi, by V. S. White.

Nos. 29, 32, 35, 38, 41, 49, 52, 56, 60, 65, 69, 70 and 74. The Polyporaceae
of North America, I-XIII, by W. A. Murrill.

No. 90. Studies in North American Peronosporales — I. The Genus Albugo,
by Guy West Wilson.

No. 95. Studies in North American Peronosporales — II. Phytophthoreae and
Rhysotheceae, by Guy West Wilson.

No. 99. Some Philippine Pol)rporaceae, by W. A. Murrill.

No. no. Additional Philippine Polyporaceae, by VV. A. Murrill.

No. III. Boleti from Western North Carolina, by W. A. Murrill.

No. 114. The Boleti of the Frost Herbarium, by W. A. Murrill.

No. 1 15. Some North Dakota Hypocreales, by F. J. Seaver.

No. 1 17. Studies in North American Peronosporales — IV. Host Index, by
G. W. Wilson.

No. 1 19. North Dakota Slime-Moulds, by F. J. Seaver.

No. 122. Notes on North American Hypocreales — II. Ncctria Peziza, by
F. J. Seaver.

No. 133. Iowa Discomycetes, by F. J. Seaver (special price 50 cents).

No. 167. The Identity of the Anthracnose of Grasses in the United States, by
Guy West Wilson.

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MYCOLOGIA

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WILLIAM ALPHONSO MURRILL

Vol. VIII— NOVEMBER, 1916— No. 6

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Fungi Collected at Arkville, New York.

William A. Murrill 293

Dothichiza populea in the United States.

George G. Hedgcock and N, Rex Hunt 300

The Aecial Stage of Coleosporium ribicola - W. H. Long 309

Notes and Brief Articles 312

Index to American Mycological Literature - - - 319

Index to Volume VIII 323

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MYCOLOGIA

VoL. VIII November, 1916 No. 6

FUNGI COLLECTED AT ARKVILLE, NEW

YORK

William A. Murrill

While spending a vacation of two weeks at Arkville, August .
6-20, 1916, I took daily excursions into the surrounding forests
and secured a very representative collection of the fleshy fungous
flora of the region for that season of the year. If a similar col-
lection could be secured during late September, many other spe-
cies, particularly in the rusty-spored and brown-spored groups,
would undoubtedly be added to the list here published.

Arkville is a small village in the edge of Delaware County at
the southwest corner of the Catskill region. Mt. Pakatakan,
3,000 feet above sea-level, overlooks the village on the south,
while a lower range called the Hogback rises precipitously to the
north. The headwaters of the Delaware River are in these and
neighboring mountains, the elevation of the valleys around Ark-
ville being about 1,400 feet. Arkville is interesting to many
botanists in New York City because it is included within the local
flora range.

The principal forest trees of the region are hemlock, sugar
maple, beech, yellow birch, butternut, white elm, ash, hop horn-
beam, linden, red maple, and aspen. A few chestnuts are found
on Hogback, but these will soon be exterminated by the canker,
which is spreading rapidly through the Catskills from the Asho-
kan Reservoir region. Several of the aspens were found to be
seriously attacked by the poplar canker. A local wood alcohol
plant consumes fifteen cords of wood daily. Practically all the

[Mycologia for September (8: 231-292) was issued September 14, 1916.]

293

294

Mycologia

north side of Mt. Pakatakan has been denuded of its original
forests, but on some small estates near the base of the mountain
and in a few deep ravines stretches of virgin timber remain which
contain old beeches and sugar maples and hemlocks of unusual
size.

In comparing the forests about Arkville with those of Lake
Placid and the Upper St. Regis, the most striking difference is
the absence in the Arkville region of balsam and spruce and all
other conifers except hemlock, and the relatively greater abund-
ance of deciduous trees. This would indicate the absence of cer-
tain fungous elements which are common in the Adirondacks
and a larger proportion of species found about New York City.
It may well be true that the fungous flora of the Catskills taken
as a whole is very similar to that of the Adirondacks, but this
general statement would hardly apply to Arkville without modi-
fication. Peck’s Catskill collections were mostly obtained from
Phoenicia, Tannersville, Haines Falls, Summit, and neighboring
stations in the eastern part of the Catskills.

If sphagnum bogs occur at Arkville, I did not happen to find
one, but there is a remarkable development of Polytrichum com-
mune on Hogback, where many species of Hygrophorus and
other species of moss-loving fungi were found. Clavaria fusi-
formis occurred there in much greater abundance than I have
ever before seen it.

Mrs. Margaret H. Newton, of the Pakatakan Inn, where iMrs.
Murrill and I established our headquarters, very generously
afforded us every facility for drying and caring for the speci-
mens, while a large number of the guests became interested in
hunting for fungi and aided us materially in building up the col-
lection. The following deserve special mention and our best
thanks : Miss Clara Grass, Miss Margaret Grass, Miss Lisetta
Arlitz, Miss Marian Forsyth, Miss M. E. McOuat, Mr. Gerald
Taber, Mr. James Hopkins, Mr. Marvin Tappan, Fraulein Fuchs,
Mr. and Mrs. Charles Petrie, Mrs. Clark, Miss Wiggins, Miss
Eleanor Browning, Miss Martha Harlow, Miss Shannon, and
Miss Marguerite Budd.

In the following list, the abundance of a given species as ob-
served during my stay at Arkville is indicated by an exponent, the

Murrill: Fungi Collected at Arkville, N. Y. 295

numerals 1-5 denoting a definite number of times collected and
the letters 71, nn, and nmi meaning “ frequent,” “ common,” and
“ very common,” respectively. Critical species of Marasmius
were referred to Dr. Pennington and the discomycetes to Dr.
Seaver for determination.

A.

Ciboria nebulosa'7
Cudonia lutea^

Cytospora chrysospermai
Daldinia concentrica^
Galactinia succosa^f
Helotium citrinum'‘

Hypomyces apiculatusi
Hypomyces hyalinus"
Hypomyces lactifluorum'^
Lachnea lusatiaeT-
Lachnea scutellatd^
Lasiosphaeria hispidai

ASCOMYCETES

Leotia lubrica^
Macropodia macropus^
Macropodia fuscicarpa^-
Microglossum rufum^
Neotiella albocincta'^
Otidea alutacea^f
Pezisa repanda^
Podostroma alutaceai
Tapesia fusca^-
Xylaria Hypo.vylon^
Xylaria polymorpha^

B. HYMENOMYCETES
(a) Tremellales

Gyroceplialus rufus^. On leaf-mold in a forest road.
Tremella lutescens-
Tremellodon gelatinosums

(b) Agaricales
I. Thelephoraceae

Craterellus Cantharellus^. Found in large quantity near West Hurley by Miss
M. E. McOuat, but not seen at Arkville. The odor on drying is similar
to that of Chanterel Chantarellus.

Craterellus cornucopioides^

Lachnocladium MichenerP

Lachnocladium SchweinitziP

Peniophora cinereal

Stereum lobatunP

Stereum rugosumt. On a sugar maple log.

Stereum sericeunt^

2. Clavariaceae

Clavaria cristata'‘

Clavaria fusiformiP"'". Abundant in Polytrichum commune and other mosses
on Hogback.

Clavaria KunzePf A delicate, pure-white species found in hair-cap moss.
Dr. Coker says this is labeled C. Kunzei at Albany, but that European
specimens appear different.

Physalacria inflata^

296

Mycologia

3. Hydnaceae

Hydniim repandum""

4. Polyporaceae

Bjerkandera adusta^

Cerrena unicolor^

Coltricia cinnamomea^

Coltricia perennisi
Coriolus abietinns"

Coriolus nigroinarginatiis"

Coriolus versicolor"'"^

Daedalea confragosa"

Elfvingia fomentaria". On aspen, as well as on beech and birch.

Elfvingia megaloma""

Pomes populinus-. Found once on sugar maple and once on beech, the latter
tree being a very rare host.

Pomes ungnlahts"

Ganoderma Tsugae""

Gloeophyllu m h irsutu m""

Grifola Berkeleyi^. A single large cluster was found by Mrs. Clark. A few
red oaks occur at Arkville and this tree was probably the host.
Hapalopilus rutilans'^-
Plexagona alveolaris"

Plexagona sfriatula^

Irpiciporus lacteus"

Lensites betulina^

Polyporus elegans"

Polyporus fagicola'^-. On a fallen beech limb in woods. More than twice as
large as the type specimen found on the top of a beech log in Maine, and
not showing a radial arrangement of fibrils. This is the second time the
species has been collected.

Poronidulus conchifer. On fallen elm branches.

Pycnoporus cinnabarimis'^-

Pyropolyporus conchatus'^. On a sugar maple log.

Pyropolyporus igniarius*. On hop hornbeam, butternut, and elrn, but not
seen either on birch or beech.

Tyromyces chioneus^

Tyromyces guttidaius'^. On a hemlock log.

Tyromyces semi pile at xis"

5. Boletaceae

Boletinellus porosus'^. In a moist forest road on Mt. Pakatakan at about 2,000
ft. elevation.

Ceriomyces bicolor^

Ceriomyces communis"

Ceriomyces illudens'^

Ceriomyces retipes"". Only the typical yellow form was found.

Ceriomyces viscidust
Gyroporus castaneus"

Gyroporus cyanescenst. On a roadside bank in a rather exposed position.
Strobilomyces strobilaceus^

Murrill: Fungi Collected at Arkville, N. Y. 297

Suillellus luridus^

Tylopilus felleus"

Tylopilns gracilis^

6. Agaricaceae

Twenty or more rosy-spored species and a dozen with rusty spores are not
listed here because these groups are being overhauled for North American
Flora.

Agaricus campestris^'‘ . This species is usually common in the meadows about
Arkville in September. It had not yet appeared when I was there.
Agaricus placomycest-
Camarophyllus basidiosust
Camarophyllus Cantharellus"

Camarophyllus pallidust-
Chanterel Chantarellus-
Chanterel floccosust-

Chanterel infundibuliformist. Found in great abundance on a hillside in beech
and sugar maple woods. This variety was very dark, resembling Crater-
ellus cornucopioides both in form and color, but having distinct lamellae.
Clitocybe adirondackensis^

Clitocybe eccentrical
Clitocybe infundibuliformis^

Clitocybe lactariiformis^

Coprinus atramentarius silvestris-. This species occurred at the base of sugar
maples in woods.

Coprinus micaceus^

Cortinarius armillatust
Cortinarius semisanguineust-

Crepidopus ostreatus^. A quantity was found on a single sugar maple stump
sufficient to serve twenty persons at lunch.

Crepidotus calolepist
Galactopus succosus^

Galera Hypnorum^

Galera tener^

Geopetalum sp.

Gymnopus chrysopeplus^

Gymnopus dryophihis^

Gymnopus myriadophyllust
Gymnopus oculust
Gymnopus platyphyllus"

Gymnopus radicatus'""'. All forms of this species were represented. Beech
seems to be its favorite tree.

Hydrocybe ceracea''

Hydrocybe chlorophana''

Hydrocybe flammea"

Hydrocybe laeta"

Hydrocybe miniata"

Hydrocybe nitida't-
Hydrocybe Peckiit
Hydrocybe punicea^

298

Mycologia

Hypholoma appendiculatum'^f On fallen branches in woods.

Inocybe spp. Only a half dozen or more species were found. Inocybe geo-
phylla was collected twice.

Laccaria laccata*

Laccaria striatula^

Lactaria cinereal
Lacfaria Hibbardae^

Lactaria hygrop!wroides'‘"

Lactaria lactifliia-
Lactaria lignyota'^

Lactaria piperata^"". Frequently parasitized by Hypomyces Lactiflorum.
Lactaria subdiilcis"

Lent inns carneotomentosust
Marasmius alliatus^

Marasmitis caryophylleus^

Marasmius confluens'^

Marasmius delectans^

Marasmius dichrous^

Marasmius foetidus^

Marasmius glabellus^

Marasmius resinosus°"

Marasmius rotula^'^^

Marasmius siccus"

Marasmius subnudust

Melanoleuca albissima". Growing in large groups under hemlocks. The speci-
mens were invariably bitter.

Melanoleuca alboflavida'^. In an open field. The single specimen found is
not typical, having points in common with M. melaleuca.

Melanoleuca melaleuca'^

Omphalina chrysophylla'^

Omphalopsis campanella"""

Omphalopsis fibula^

Panaeolus campanulalus^. In pastures.

Panellus stypticust

Paxillus involutus'^. The unusual scarcity of this species may have been due
to the season. Very few rusty-spored agarics of any kind were found
during my stay.

Phylloporus rhodoxanthus'i-

Pleurotus dimidiatus'^. In a hollow sugar maple stump.

Prunulus cyaneobasist
Prunulus Leaianus'^

Russula bifida"". Found especially under beech trees. The color varied from
green to dark-mottled-greenish, and the lamellae were conspicuously
forked.

Russula brunneolat
Russula chamaeleontina^

Russula emetica"

Russula, near R. flava"". This beautiful yellow species occurred abundantly
under beech trees.

Murrill: Fungi Collected at Arkville, N. Y. 299

Russula foetens"°''. Especially under beech trees, occurring in large groups.
Russula granulata^

Russula Mariae^'^'^

Russula ochroleuca^

Russula pectinata'^

Russula stricta^

Russula suhusta'^

Russula uncialis'^

Russula^'^'^ red, under beech, becoming somewhat acrid.

Schisophyllus alneus'^

Stropharia semiglobata-

Vaginata plumbea^'^. The gray and yellow forms were equally common.
Vaginata plumbea straiigulata^. No intermediates were found between this
and the gray form of V. plumbea.

Venenarius Frostianus”’"'. The slender and robust forms were both common
under beech trees.

Veneuarius muscariusi

Venenarius phalloides'^. The white and umbrinous forms were equally common.
Venenarius rubensu. Under beeches and sugar maples. Often parasitized by
Hypomyces hyalinus.

Venenarius solitarius's. A single specimen was found of the form described
as Amanita onusta.

Puffballs were not abundant, except Scleroderma aurantium, the hard-
skinned puffball.

Bovista pila'^

Crucibulum vulgare^

Geaster saccatus^. On a much decayed log.

Lycoperdon gemmatumt

Lycoperdon separans-. Grassy places in the open.

Lycoperdon subincarnatum^

Nidularia pisiformis'^. On a fallen dead branch.

Scleroderma aurantiuin'"''^. Abundant under all kinds of trees.

C. GASTEROMYCETES

Principal Poisonous and Bitter Species Collected

Melanoleuca albissima
Panaeolus campanulatus
Panellus stipticus
Russula emetica

Russula foetens
Suillellus luridus
Tylopiltis felleus

Venenarius muscarius

Venenarius phalloides

New York Botanical Garden.

DOTHICHIZA POPULEA IN THE UNITED

STATES

George G. Hedgcock and N. Rex Hunt
(With Plates 194 and 195, Containing 6 Figures)

A New Fungus Outbreak in the United States

The black poplar {Populus nigra L.), especially the variety
known as the Lombardy poplar, is one of our most beautiful
ornamental trees. It is, however, subject to diseases which
shorten its life. In the United States these diseases apparently
have not been studied to any extent, as there is a lack of litera-
ture on the subject. During the spring of 1916, many reports
were received by the United States Department of Agriculture
concerning a serious blight of newly transplanted black poplars.
In one instance, every tree in a lot of thirty was killed back by
cankers. In a second instance, nearly all of 630 trees were badly
infected with cankers, and at least one fourth of them were killed
back to tbe point of the infection.

An examination of cankers from the trees mentioned above
and from other localities showed that in a great majority of cases
only one fungus was present in the cankers. This fungus has
been isolated and studied. Morphologically it is identical with
Dothichiza populea Sacc. & Briard.

A number of nurseries in the eastern United States have been
examined with reference to the presence of this disease. In
some instances, varieties of the black poplar were found very
much diseased, thus accounting for the specially bad outbreak
among recently transplanted nursery stock. It was also ascer-
tained that in a number of localities adjacent to the infected nur-
series nearly all the black poplars and some of the Canada pop-
lars, or cottonwoods {Populus deltoides Marsh), had been at-
tacked by the disease.

At the same time a hasty preliminary survey was made of sev-
eral localities for the presence of the disease on poplars planted

300

Hedgcock and Hunt : Dothichiza populea in the U. S. 301

for shade or ornament. In some of these localities, black pop-
lars, mostly recently planted, were found to be seriously diseased.
In three cases only, a few large trees were found, not only of the
black but also of the Canada poplar, which had apparently been
diseased for several years. A future study of the cankered areas
on the trunks of these trees will probably establish approxi-
mately the date of their formation.

In 1915 two specimens of diseased black poplar were sent by
Joseph L. Richards to the Plant-Disease Survey of the Depart-
ment of Agriculture, one from West Lynn, Mass., and the other
from Hanover, N. H. Both specimens have since proved to be
attacked by Dotliicliisa populea. Mr. Richards reported a badly
diseased condition of poplars in both localities in 1915.

Earlier Outbreaks of the Fungus in Europe

Dothichiza populea was first described and named in 1884 by
Saccardo and Briard (4; 672),^ who reported the fungus as
occurring as a saprophyte on the dead branches of Popidus at
Troyes, France.

Krieger^ later distributed specimens of Dothichiza populea col-
lected on limbs of Populus nigra near Konigsten, Saxony, March
28, 1893, one of which has been examined by the writers.

Delacroix (i), in 1903, was the first to make a careful study
of Dothichiza populea and to note its real effect on poplars. He
not only ascertained that the fungus was parasitic in its nature,
but also that it was the cause of a serious disease in France.
Among the varieties of poplars attacked, he mentions Populus
virginiana (a synonym for Populus deltoides), Popidus nigra,
and Populus holleana. The disease was found in a number of
localities and had been observed for several years previous to
the time of publication. In 1906 (2), he published an additional
article on the disease, adding to the data on its distribution and
to the knowledge of the fungus, at the same time giving direc-
tions for its control.

Voglino, in 1907 (6: 193, 196), reported Dothichiza populea

1 The figures in parentheses refer to “ Literature cited ” at the end of this
paper.

2 Krieger, K. W. Fungi Saxonici Exsiccati. No. iioo. Konigstein.a.E.,

1895.

302

Mycologia

as causing a disease of Canada poplars near Turin and in other
localities in Italy. In 1910 (7: 285-287) and 1911 (8; 325-337)
he published additional articles, which contain the results of a
lengthy investigation of both the disease and its causal fungus.
He reported proof both by cultural studies and by inoculations
that Dothichiza popiilea Sacc. & Briard is the pycnidial form of
the ascomycete Cenangium populneum (Pers.) Rehm. He found
that the fungus is the cause of a very serious disease of poplars,
especially the Canada poplar, in various parts of Italy.

From the foregoing data, it appears quite possible that Dothi-
chiza popiilea has been imported, though not very recently. A
great quantity of nursery stock has been brought to this country
from Europe, and the fungus could easily have been brought in
previous to the enforcement of the present inspection laws.

On the other hand, the fact that this disease has not been re-
ported previously from this country by any of the state patholo-
gists and that earlier specimens of Dothichiza popiilea have not
been collected by the pathologists of the United States Depart-
ment of Agriculture indicates that it is a somewhat recent disease
in the United States.

This assumption is further strengthened by the absence of
Dothichiza popiilea from the exsiccati that have been collected in
this country and the fact that there is apparently no mention of
it in our literature.

Description of the Disease Caused by Dothichiza populea

Dothichiza popiilea attacks the trunk, limbs, and twigs of both
the black and the Canada poplars. It primarily causes the for-
mation of cankers, which at first appear as depressed, slightly
darkened areas in the bark, usually on the trunk around the base
of a small limb or twig {pi. ip4, f. 2, j). The cambium is killed
and turns brown {pi. 795, /. 3). Pustules of the fungus soon
appear on the canker, giving the surface a roughened appearance
{pi. IQ4, f. 2, 3). In trees that have become well established in
the soil a marked resistance of the host to the fungus frequently
takes place. In such cases the growth of the fungus is checked,
the canker limited to a small patch of varying shape and size, and
the bark is frequently cracked at the edge of the canker by the

Hedgcock and Hunt : Dothichiza populea in the U. S. 303

rapid growth of the cambium in the callus that is now formed
{pi. ip4, f. 2). As the canker becomes older, the bark sloughs
off, leaving an open wound on the trunk, surrounded by appar-
ently healthy bark. Meanwhile, the fungus attacks the limb or
twig around the base of which the canker was formed, spreading
very rapidly through it, forming pustules over a large portion of
the bark.

Cankers much like those on the trunk are frequently formed on
the lower limbs and twigs of diseased trees. On the larger limbs,
their formation and appearance are much like those on the trunk.
When the fungus attacks smaller limbs and twigs the canker
usually extends around each limb or twig and very soon kills it
{pl.i94,f.i).

In trees recently transplanted and in trees heeled in for early
planting in the spring, the fungus spreads most rapidly. Trans-
planted trees may become badly diseased by cankers formed from
fresh infections between October and the following May {pi.
195, f. 1,2).

Dothichiza populea is the most rapidly growing canker-produc-
ing fungus known to the writers. One canker selected from a
number produced on black poplars between October, 1915, and
May, 1916, was twelve inches long and encircled the trunk of
the tree for nearly two thirds of the length of the canker. In
the same lot of trees, out of 100 examined 90 were diseased either
in limbs or trunk, 27 were girdled at the trunk by cankers which
had killed the tops of the trees, and 13 more had distinct trunk
cankers which had not yet encircled the trunks.

Dothichiza populea causes but slight outward discoloration of
the bark in the cankers it produces, the color being slightly darker.
The fruiting bodies (pycnidia) of the fungus are formed be-
neath the surface of the bark and cause marked elevations or
pustules to appear on the cankers soon after they develop {pi.
195, /• T ^)- These pustules are smooth on the surface at first
and have the same color as the adjacent bark. At maturity they
rupture near the center of the top and small cream-colored ten-
drils are exuded, which gradually assume a tawny olive to a
walnut-brown color. These are composed of millions of pycno-
spores, which spread the disease to adjacent trees. According to

304

Mycologia

Delacroix, these spores are wind disseminated ; but as they are in
a somewhat sticky mass at first, insects or birds might carry them,
as in the case of the chestnut-blight fungus (Endothia parasitica
(Murrill) Anderson & Anderson) as reported by Heald and
Studhalter (3), and Studhalter and Ruggles (5).

Effect of the Disease on Poplars

Dothichisa popitlea at first kills a few limbs here and there on
younger trees in the nursery rows. The cankers on such trees,
owing to the fact they are not conspicuous at first, are easily
overlooked. When the disease becomes well established many of
the lower limbs are killed and rapidly growing sprouts are sent
up from the bases of the trees below the cankered areas. These
sprouts, though vigorous, are soon infected by the fungus and
are likely to be removed and used for cuttings, under the impres-
sion that they are healthy.

On older trees in nursery rows and on well-established shade
trees the lower limbs are killed by the fungus and scars are soon
formed by cankers on the trunks, which are thereby rendered
unsightly. At the same time tufts or clusters of rapidly growing
sprouts are sent out near or below diseased areas. These in turn
are killed by the fungus, which gradually spreads to all parts of
the tree, finally killing it.

In case of freshly transplanted trees, the disease is much more
virulent. Cankers may encircle either the trunks or main limbs
of the trees, killing them. In the case of black poplars, the beau-
tiful tapering cone-shaped outline of the tree is destroyed. Trees
once attacked apparently never recover their' former beauty, even
where the dead parts have been carefully removed.

In France, Delacroix (2) reports the disease as especially se-
vere on nursery stock and younger trees and of less importance
on old-established trees. There, as in the United States, it de-
stroys the beauty of the black poplars. It also causes consider-
able loss to growers of Canada poplars who raise the trees for
saw logs.

The disease in Europe is reported both by Delacroix (i, 2) and
by Voglino (6, 7, and 8) as especially severe on Canada poplars,
but in the United States, so far, it has been found in a serious
form only on black poplars.

Mycologia Plate CXCIV

DOTHICHIZA POPULEA Sacc. & Briard

Hedgcock and Hunt : Dothichiza populea in the U. S. 305

Description of the Fungus

The following description of Dothichisa populea Sacc. &Briard
is based on specimens from ten different collections from seven
different states. The spore measurements are based on lOO
spores, lo from each collection.

Pycnidia, numerous in the bark, at first in pustules covered by
the epidermis of the host, rupturing at the top when mature, the
tops of the pustules later breaking away, leaving pseudo-acervuli,
lens shaped to subspheroid before rupturing, often irregular in
shape, ^ to Ij4 mm. in diameter; walls black, with irregular sur-
face at the base on the inside; spore masses ejected in cylindric
tendrils, usually short, creamy to tawny olive or walnut brown in
color ; spores subglobose to ovoid, or rarely ellipsoid, smooth,
hyaline when viewed singly, smoky in mass; 9.5-17 X 6.7-12.7/u.,
averaging 12. i X8.6/.t; germinating at the smaller or basal end.

Spores of Dothichiza populea from No. 1100, Krieger, Fungi
Saxonici Exsiccati, on Popuhts nigra, measure as follows: lo.i-
12.2 X 7-3-10.2 /A, averaging 11.6 X 9-i It m.ust be noted that
these spores were measured from dried material mounted in
water, while those on which our description is based contain the
measurements from five fresh specimens, three partially dried
specimens, and two thoroughly dried specimens. The dried
specimens yielded slightly smaller measurements.

Distribution of the Fungus

Dothichiza populea has been collected in the United States on
the following hosts :

Popidus nigra

New Hampshire: Hanover, by J. L. Richards, June, 1915
(P.D.S.^ 662).

Massachusetts: West Lynn, by J. L. Richards, June, 1915
(P.D.S. 611).

New Jersey : IMorrisville, by George G. Hedgcock, June, 1916
(F.P.^ 22353).

Pennsylvania : Delaware Water Gap, by N. M. Goodyear, May,
1916 (F.P. 22362). By George G. Hedgcock in 1916, West

3 P.D.S., Plant-Disease Survey.

4 F.P., Forest Pathology.

306

Mycologia

Chester (F.P. 22369, 22370, 22371, 22372, and 22373) ; Frazer
(F.P. 22374) ; Wayne (F.P. 22378) ; Wynnewood (F.P. 22381) ;
Rosemont (F.P. 22382) ; Haver ford (F.P. 22393) > Allen Lane
(F.P. 22391) ; Chestnut Hill (F.P. 22385, 22387) ; also by S. B.
Detwiler (F.P. 22395).

Delaware: Wilmington, by G. S. Mattingly, May, 1916 (F.P.
22281) ; by George G. Hedgcock, June, 1916 (F.P. 22357, 22358,
and 22359).

Maryland : Baltimore, by J. A. Byrne, May, 1916 (F.P. 20877) 5
by George G. Hedgcock, May, 1916 (F.P. 22303).

Ohio: Cincinnati, by George G. Hedgcock, June, 1916 (F.P.
22316).

New Mexico: Estancia, by F. C. Werkenthin May, 1916 (F.P.
22363 and 22364).

Popiiliis deltoides

In Pennsylvania : By George G. Hedgcock, June, 1910, Ber-
wyn (F.P. ; Wayne (F.P. 22379) i Chestnut Hill (F.P.

22388) ; Haverford (F.P. 22393).

From the foregoing, it will be seen that the fungus has been
widely distributed in the United States, since its present known
range is from New Hampshire to New Mexico. However, a
preliminary survey indicates that many localities are free from
the disease.

Dothichisa populea has been reported from Europe as follows :

In Erance, according to Delacroix (i), Dothichiza poptdea was
well established as early as 1903. He reported it at that time in
Monterau (Seine et Marne), Villeneuvre-la-Guyard (Yonne),
Montauban, Agen, and Paris.

In Italy, according to Voglino (8), Cavaglia in 1901-1902
noted cankers, apparently caused by Dothichiza poptdea, on
Canada poplars near Santena. In 1906 Zoppa noted the disease
near Crema. In 1907 Voglino, in addition to the localities pre-
viously mentioned, received numerous reports of the disease from
various regions in Italy, as well as from Sardinia and from
Switzerland.

In Germany no outbreaks of the disease have been reported.

The writers so far have not found Cenangimn popidneum
(Pers.) Rehm on poplars in the territory investigated, either

Mycologia

Plate CXCV

DOTHICHIZA POPULEA Sacc. & Briard

Hedgcock and Hunt : Dothichiza populea in the U. S. 307

alone or in association with Dothichiza populea Sacc. & Briard.
The relationship of the two fungi in the United States will be
made the subject of further investigation. It has, however, been
collected on Populus tremuloides as follows : At Middlebury, Vt.,
by E. A. Burt, April, 1896,® and at Orono, Maine, by P. L. Ricker,
May 14, 1898.®

Suggestions for the Control of the Disease

This disease apparently has its main centers of infection in our
nurseries, and it is here that the first work of control should
begin. All poplar trees that are blighted in the twigs or limbs or
that show cankers should be dug out and burned. It will be
better for the nurseryman to err on the side of caution than to
allow this disease to gain a foothold in his nursery. A small
infected twig on an otherwise healthy tree may infect all the trees
in a bundle of transplants, and once infected the trees are ruined,
as the fungus kills them back and spoils their beauty.

Poplars planted as ornamentals that become badly diseased
should be dug up, removed, and burned. This treatment may
seem to be severe, but in view of the fact that the disease appears
to be a dangerous one it is the only safe course to pursue if it is
to be exterminated. This disease has been under observation for
a short time only, and no experiments for its control have been
made.

Delacroix, among other suggestions, recommends the following
treatment for the disease, but does not report its effect : The de-
struction of all diseased trees or diseased material; the disinfec-
tion of tools used in this work ; the disinfection of the clothing
and hands of workmen thus engaged ; and the dipping of cuttings
before planting in an acidulated Bordeaux mixture containing at
least 10 per cent, of copper sulphate.

The writers would be glad to receive specimens of this and of
other poplar diseases from as many localities as possible.

Bureau of Plant Industry,

U. S. Department of Agriculture.

5 Ellis, J. B., and Everhart, B. M. North American Fungi. No. 3536.
1898.

6 Ricker, P. L. Flora of Maine. No. 388. 1898.

308

Mycologia

LITERATURE CITED

1. Delacroix, Georges, 1903. Sur le parasitisme de Dothichiza populea Sacc.

et Briard sur diverses especes de Peupliers. In Bui. Soc. Mycol.
France, v. 19, fasc. 4, pp. 353-355, 3 %s.

2. , 1906. Une maladie du Peuplier de la Caroline. In Bui.

Mens. Off. Renseig. Agr. (Paris), t. 5, No. ii, pp. 1355-1363. Also in
Bui. Soc. Mycol. France, v. 22, fasc. 4, pp. 239-252, i pi.

3. Heald, F. D., and Studhalter, R. A., 1914. Birds as carriers of the chest-

nut-blight fungus. In Jour. Agr. Research, v. 2, no. 6, pp. 405-422, 2
figs., pis. 38-39. Literature cited pp. 421-422.

4. Saccardo, P. A., 1884. Sylloge Fungorum . . . v. 3 Patavii.

5. Studhalter, R. A., and Ruggles, A. G., 1915. Insects as carriers of the

chestnut-blight fungus. Pa. Dept. Forestry Bui. 12, 33 pp., 4 pis. Lit-
erature cited, pp. 28-32.

6. Voglino, Piero, 1907. I funghi parassiti delle piante osservati nella pro-

vincia di Torino e regioni vicine nel 1906. In Ann. R. Accad. Agr.
Torino, v. 49, 1906, pp. 175-202.

7. , 1910. I parassiti delle piante osservati nella provincia di

Torino e regioni vicine nel 1909. In Ann. R. Accad. Agr. Torino, v.
52, 1909, pp. 277-306.

8. , 1911. I nemici del Pioppo canadense di Santena. Nemici

vegetali. In Ann. R. Accad. Agr. Torino, v. 53, 1910, pp. 325-377,
figs. 1-4.

Explanation of Plates
Plate CXCIV

Fig. I. The top of a black poplar affected and killed by Dothichiza populea.
Fig. 2. Section of a trunk of a young black poplar recently transplanted,
showing a young canker caused by Dothichiza populea. The fungus entered
through a twig.

Fig. 3. Front view of the canker shown in f. 2.

Plate CXCV

Fig. I. Section of the trunk of a black poplar showing an older canker
produced by Dothichiza populea.

Fig. 2. A canker still older than that shown in f. i.

Fig. 3. A section of the trunk of a black poplar from which the bark has
been peeled, showing two browned, dead areas caused by cankers of the fungus.

THE AECIAL STAGE OF COLEOSPORIUM
RIBICOLA

W. H. Long

On a recent field trip to Bear Canyon, located in the Sandia
Mountains about twelve miles from Albuquerque, New Mexico,
the writer found a Peridermium on the needles of pinon {Finns
edulis). The infected pinons were growing in close proximity
to Ribes leptanthum, which is rather common near the bottoms of
canyons. Several days later, a trip was made to Tejano Canyon,
about twenty-eight miles from Albuquerque, where the Perider-
mium was again found on pinon in close association with Ribes
plants.

Inoculations under control conditions were made on two spe-
cies of Ribes from both of the collections. Sowings of aecio-
spores from the Bear Canyon material (F.P. 21164) were made
April 29 on Ribes leptanthum and R. longifolium. On May 16
the uredinia of a Coleosporium appeared on the lower surface of
the leaves of R. leptanthum (theR. longifolium plants which were
inoculated damped off). Sowings of the aeciospores from the
Tejano Canyon material (F.P. 21165) were made May 3 on R.
leptanthum and R. longifolium. Uredinia appeared May 18 on
the lower side of the leaves of both of the species of Ribes inocu-
lated. The control plants of each set of inoculations remained
free from the rust.

The Coleosporium obtained by inoculating the Ribes plants
with the aeciospores of the Peridermium from pinon proved to
be identical in all its characters with Coleosporium ribicola (E.
& E.) Arthur. This infection of the Ribes leaves by the pinon
Peridermium, thereby producing the typical uredinia of C. ribi-
cola, proves that this Peridermium is the aecial stage of C. ribi-
cola and should be called Peridermium ribicola.

A technical description of the aecial stage of this fungus is
given below.

309

310

Mycologia

Peridermium ribicola

0. Pycnia amphigenous, scattered, sparse, low, conoidal, sub-
corticular, noticeable, dehiscent by a longitudinal slit, chestnut-
brown, 0.5-1 mm. long by 0.3-0.5 mm. broad, about 100 ju, tall.

1. Aecia from a limited mycelium, amphigenous, one to several
on each leaf, not forming spots on leaves, erumpent from a nar-
row slit, flattened laterally, 0.5 to i mm. long by 0.5 to 0.8 mm.
high ; peridium colorless, fragile, cells slightly or not at all over-
lapping, outer walls smooth to slightly granular, inner moderately
verruculose, lower peridial cells elliptical, lanceolate or oval,
33-50 by 16-24 ;ii, walls 2-3 /x thick, upper peridial cells approxi-
mately isodiametric, irregularly orbicular, 18-30/x across, walls
2-4 /X thick; aeciospores elliptical-oblong, oval or obovate, 20-28
X 30-43 /X, average size for ten spores 23.7 X 36.2 /x ; walls color-
less, 2-3 jx thick, verrucose, with rather coarse irregular warts,
which are tardily deciduous, without a smooth area on spore
walls.

Both collections of Peridermium ribicola were made at an ele-
vation of about 7,500 feet near the upper limit of the range of
pihon in these two canyons (Bear and Tejano). Snow was still
on the ground in the upper portion of the canyons and the ground
was still frozen on some of the more protected slopes in the im-
mediate vicinity of the infected pinons. The season was so early
that a snow storm occurred while the writer was collecting the
rust. Both collections had already discharged most of their
spores. The above facts indicate that the peridia of this Perider-
mium were probably well developed before all of the snow had
disappeared from under the pinons.

No indications of the aecial stage of this fungus were found
below 6,500 feet elevation, although the pihon was still abundant.

The comparatively high altitude (for the aecial host) at which
this Peridermium occurs and its very early appearance in the
spring will probably explain why it has not been discovered
before.

The coleosporial stage occurs at much lower elevations than
the aecial since the writer found the rust on Ribes plants in Albu-
querque (4,950 feet elevation). The coleosporial stage evidently
reaches these lower altitudes through the successive infection of
the Ribes plants throughout the summer months by the uredinio-
spores, thereby materially extending the range of the rust beyond
that of its aecial stage.

Long: Aecial Stage of Coleosporium ribicola 311

The coleosporial stage of this rust has been reported on the fol-
lowing species of Ribes: R. grossularia Linn., R. inebrians Lindl.,
R. leptanthum A. Gray, R. longifolimn Nutt., R. pumilum Nutt.,
R. ptcrpusHKoehne, and R.valicola Greene, and from three states,
Colorado, New Mexico, and Wyoming. The writer has collected
this Coleosporium on R. mescalerimn Coville in Amole and La
Junta Canyons, Santa Fe National Forest, New Mexico, October,
1914 (F.P. 21162 and 21161) and on R. longifoliiim, Albu-
querque, New IMexico, October, 1914 (F.P. 21163).

Pinus edulis, tbe aecial host, occurs in Colorado, western
Texas, eastern Utah, southwestern Wyoming, northern and
central Arizona, New Mexico, and southward into Mexico. The
known distribution of the coleosporial stage of this rust is, there-
fore, well within the range of its aecial host (P. edulis) and it is
very probable that Peridermium ribicola will also be found to
have practically the same general range.

Office of Investigations in Forest Pathology,

Bureau of Plant Industry,

Albuquerque, New Mexico.

NOTES AND BRIEF ARTICLES

Professor Thomas H. Macbride has been elected president
emeritus of the State University of Iowa upon his retirement
from the presidency at the age of sixty-eight.

Professor E. J. Durand, of the University of Missouri, spent
part of the summer collecting in Wyoming.

Mr. Paul C. Graff has been appointed instructor in botany at
the University of Montana, Missoula, Montana. He entered
upon his new duties September 15.

Dr. W. A. Murrill has found that Melanoleuca anomala Mur-
rill, published in Mycologia 5: 214. 1913, has pale-yellowish-

brown spores instead of hyaline spores, and he therefore trans-
fers the species to the genus Inocybe, the new combination being
Inocybe anomala Murrill.

Dr. Donald Reddick, professor of plant pathology, Cornell
University, and chairman of the editorial board of Phytopathol-
ogy, has been granted sabbatic leave and will spend the ensuing
academic year in special work in the laboratory of plant physiol-
ogy, Johns Hopkins University.

Dr. Gertrude S. Burlingham, who contributed the descriptions
of Russula for volume 9, part 4, of North American Flora, finds
that Russula subfragilis Burl., on page 233, is preoccupied by R.
subfragilis P. Henn. (in Warb. Monsunia i : 149. 1899), and she

suggests Russula fragiliformis Burl, as a new name for this
species.

We learn from Science that Professor J. C. Arthur was as-
sisted during July in the preparation of the remaining parts of
the Uredinales for North American Flora by F. D. Kern, C. R.

312

Notes and Brief Articles

313

Orton, F. D. Fromme, and C. A. Ludwig, all former members of
Dr. Arthur’s laboratory staff.

An article recently published by Mr. L. O. Overholts in the
Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden contains descriptions
and illustrations of four new species of gill-fungi : Claudopus
subnidulans, Panaeolus reticulatus, P. rtifus, and P. variabilis.

. All of the species were collected by Mr. Overholts in the vicinity
of St. Louis, Missouri.

Volume 6 of the Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden
contains thirty-seven papers presented at the celebration of the
twentieth anniversary, among them “ The development of Lepiota
cristata and L. seminuda,” by G. F. Atkinson, “ Japanese species
of Gyninosporangium,” by F. D. Kern, “ Chemotropic reactions
in Rhizopiis nigricans,” by A. H. Graves, and “ Bermuda fungi,”
by F. J. Seaver.

Dr. S. M. Stocker, of Duluth, Minnesota, contributes the fol-
lowing note: “On September 7, 1916, I found a specimen of
Pluteus cervintis so much larger than any heretofore seen by me
that I measured it. The outline of the cap was oval, not circular,
and the measurements were 93^ X 7 inches. Perhaps this is not
unknown, but it seems to me worth letting you know.”

A fine fresh specimen of Thelephora vialis has been sent in for
determination by Mr. Timothy E. Wilcox, of Washington, D. C.
It is large, many times lobed, rosy-smoke-colored below and
cream-colored to honey-yellow above, with a somewhat disagree-
able odor in drying which is very noticeable. Dr. Burt reports
a former collection of this species at Washington by ]\Ir. F. J.
Braendle.

The July number of the Journal of Agricultural Research con-
tains an article on the disease of potatoes known as “ leak,” by
Lon A. Hawkins. The disease usually appears after the crop
has been harvested and according to Hawkins is caused by the
fungus Pythiurn debaryanum Hesse. Rhiso pus nigricans Khrcnh.

314

Mycologia

also causes a rot of potatoes similar to but not identical with this
disease.

In the April number of Phytopathology, J. E. Howitt and W.
A. McCubbin published an account of an outbreak of white-pine
blister rust, Cronartium ribicola, in Ontario. The Peridermium
stage has been found on both native and imported white pine and
the Cronartium stage on five cultivated and four wild species of
Ribes. Black currants have in several instances suffered severe
injury from the disease.

Number four of the second volume of Illinois Biological Mono-
graphs consists of an account of the Porto Rican species of the
genus Meliola by Professor F. L. Stevens. The number of spe-
cies listed is 95, of which 56 are described as new. Six varieties
are also recognized, all new. The paper contains five plates, con-
sisting of photomicrographs, the most conspicuous feature of
which is the absence of all detail. It is to be lamented that in a
paper of this size and importance more time and attention has
not been devoted to the matter of illustration.

Among specimens of fungi recently collected in Surinam by
Mr. Jacob Samuels are the following: Amauroderrna Chaperi,
Auricularia Auricula, Auricularia nigrescens, Cladoderris den-
dritica, Coriolopsis caperata, Cycloporellus iodinus, Earliella cor-
rugata, Elfvingia tornata, Elfvingiella fasciata, Eomes Auberia-
niis, Eomitella supina, Eidvifomes extensus, Guepinia spathu-
laria, Lentinus strigosus, Pogonomyces hydiioides, Rigidoporus
siirinamensis, Stereum elegans, Trametes cubensis.

The University of Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station
Bulletin No. 189 contains the results of an extensive study of the
parasitic species of Rhizoctonia in America. There are at pres-
ent recognized two parasitic species of this genus, R. No/anf Kuhn
andR. Crocorum (Pers.) DC. About 165 plants have been listed
in the United States as subject to the attacks of Rhizoctonia
Solani, including many floricultural plants, vegetables, and field
crops. The disease produces damping-off of seedlings or rotting

Notes and Brief Articles

315

of stems and roots, etc., the nature of the infection being essen-
tially the same in different plants.

Two excellent illustrated papers on the Polyporaceae have been
published during the past year by Mr. L. O. Overholts. The first
is a treatment of the Polyporaceae of the middle^western United
States, which appeared in Washington University Studies for
July, 1915. The second, entitled comparative studies of the
Polyporaceae, was printed in the Annals of the Missouri Botani-
cal Garden for November, 1915. Students of this family of
fungi should not fail to add these papers to their library.

Professor T. Petch has been studying the sclerotia of Lentinus
found on stumps of Hevea, and he says that in addition to species
possessing a true sclerotium, there appear to be others whose
mycelium merely binds together the earth in a large compact
mass, while Lentinus similis and L. infundibtdiformis exhibit a
third type in which the skeleton of the pseudosclerotium consists
of the wood of the host plant. It is considered as still an open
question whether these types are definitely associated with dif-
ferent species of Lentinus or are merely stages which may be
assumed by the sclerotium in any given species.

In an article published in the July number of the American
Journal of Botany, W. B. McDougall makes the following state-
ment regarding mycorrhizal relations existing between mush-
rooms and the roots of forest trees :

“ Three of the species of trees used in the present investigation
produce ectotrophic mycorrhizas, the oak (Quercus) , hickory
(Carya) and linden (Tilia). The mycorrhizas of the oak are
due to Russula foetentula Pk., those of the linden to Scleroderma
vulgare Fr., and those of the hickory probably to Laccaria ochro-
purpurea (Berk.) Pk., though this last has not been definitely
proven. In all of these cases no mycorrhizas were formed in the
spring, but after the first of July mycorrhizas were formed when-
ever the roots were growing well.”

Dr. E. A. Burt’s valuable articles on the Thelephoraceae of
North America are appearing regularly in the Annals of the Mis-

316

Mycologia

souri Botanical Garden. His fourth article contains a treatment
of Exobasidium and the fifth a treatment of Tremellodendron,
Eichleriella, and Sebacina. The following new species are pub-
lished in these genera: Tremellodendron tenue Burt, collected in
Jamaica by Murrill ; T. simplex Burt, collected in Porto Rico by
Johnston ; Eichleriella Schrenkii Burt, collected in Texas by
Schrenk ; E. gelatinosa Murrill, collected in Jamaica by Murrill
and Harris ; Sebacina chlorascens Burt, collected in Florida by
Thaxter ; 5". Shearii Burt, collected in Washington, D. C., by
Shear ; S', monticola Burt, collected in Colorado by Hedgcock ;
S', cinnamomea Burt, collected in Maryland by Shear ; S', adusta
Burt, collected in Idaho by Weir; S', plumbea Burt, collected in
Washington by Suksdorf ; and S', atrata Burt, collected in Massa-
chusetts by Farlow. There are also many new combinations.

Preparation of manuscript for the fungous parts of North
American Elora is proceeding very satisfactorily. Dr. Arthur
will soon complete another part on plant rusts. Dr. Seaver will
send a part to press within a few months. Mrs. Flora W. Pat-
terson, who is monographing the Exoascales, has received prompt
and generous responses to her requests for material and will soon
be able to complete her researches in this group. Mr. L. O.
Overholts has undertaken the genus Pholiota, which he hopes to
complete within a year. Dr. C. H. Kauffman has practically
completed Cortinarius and will now take up Inocybe. He would
be glad to receive material for the study of this difficult genus.
Professor W. C. Coker has undertaken the Clavariaceae and has
already spent some time at the Garden and also at Albany study-
ing herbarium material. Professor E. A. Burt will be prepared
to publish his researches on the Thelephoraceae in North Ameri-
can Elora as soon as the series of papers which he is publishing
in the Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden have been com-
pleted, which may require two or three years. A part on lichens
has been arranged for by the cooperation of Professor Bruce
Pink, Professor Lincoln W. Riddle, Professor A. H. Chivers,
and Mr. W. C. Barbour.

Notes and Brief Articles

317

North American Flora, Volume 9

This volume closes with parts 6 and 7, containing a treatment
of Clitocybe and Hygrophorus by W. A. Murrill and a bibliog-
raphy by J. H. Barnhart. In order to facilitate the use of the
volume, the following indexes have been prepared : Index to
Families and Tribes, Index to Recognized Genera and Species,
Index to Species, and General Index.

As explained in the “ Corrections ” in part 6, the use of Lepto-
myces in part 5 was an error. The correct name of this genus
is: Hiatula (Fries) Berk. Ann. IMag. Nat. Hist. II. 9: 193. 1852.

The type species is Agariciis discretus Fries, and the 5 species
described on pages 309 and 310 should be corrected as follows :

1. Hiatula discreta (Fries) Sacc. Syll. Fung. 5: 307. 1887.

2. Berk. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. II. 9 : 193. 1852.

3. Hiatida ciliatula (Fries) Sacc. Syll. Fung. 5: 306. 1887.

4. Hiatida purpurascens Berk. & Curt. Jour. Linn. Soc. 10:

293. 1868.

5. Hiattda Bensonii (Fries) Sacc. Syll. Fung. 5: 305. 1887.

An Experiment with Panaeolus papilionaceus

The following note was recently received from Mr. J. E. Fries,
of Ampere, New Jersey :

“ Last Sunday morning I had great difficulty in finding any
mushrooms whatever, so I was happy when I finally came across
a few specimens of Coprinus mixed in with a few of Panaeolus
papilionaceus. I have never tried this last mushroom, but, as
Mr. Mcllvaine says that in small quantities they are harmless
and contain a very mild intoxicant only, I did not hesitate to let
them join the Coprini in the pot. The results, however, were
very startling. IMrs. Fries could not possibly have eaten more
than two or three of the caps and yet she exhibited all the signs
of violent opium poisoning only five or six minutes after having
eaten this mushroom. For a while she had difficulty in breathing
and all the sensations in the brain described under acute opium
poisoning. Drowsiness crept over her, but we took a walk and in
about three to four hours it was all over save for a great feeling
of weakness.

318

Mycologia

“I ate about five times as much as Mrs. Fries and in the be-
ginning felt nothing. It took between one and two hours before
the poisoning took effect on me. My respiratory organs were
not affected at all, but for several hours, in fact, lasting from
about 3 o’clock in the afternoon until 8 o’clock at night, I had
all the queer mental as well as ‘ moral ’ sensations described in
the ‘ Confessions of an Opium Eater.’

“ If such small quantities of this mushroom can act so power-
fully, it seems to me dangerous in the extreme to speak of its
qualities in such light manner as Mr. Mcllvaine does and I think
the public should be strongly warned against using this species
at all.”

Lamprospora detonia sp. nov.

Plants scattered, 5 to I2 mm. in diameter, sessile, plate-like,
with margins elevated about 0.7 mm., slightly incurved and free
from substratum, regular in form, becoming convolute on drying ;
hymenium smooth, concave to plane, dark-brown to black with a
green tint, the margin distinct and raised about o.i mm. from the
apothecium, externally brown, rough and verrucose ; asci cylin-
dric, about 1 5 in diameter, up to 300 fi long, hyaline ; spores 8,
I -seriate, crowded into the upper third or one fourth of the ascus,
at first smooth, with a large oil-globule, dilutely colored, becom-
ing minutely warted, brown and opaque so as to appear black
under the microscope, 12 to 15 /a in diameter; paraphyses slender,
yellowish, the apex thickened and colored.

Among moss on shaded ground, in woods on the banks of the
Cheyenne River, near Anselm, N. Dak. This species differs from
L. trachycarpa by the greenish tint of the hymenium and the
smaller, minute, wart-like markings of the spores. When the
plants are first raised from the shaded ground into sunlight, in a
moment, a discharge of spores takes place. A small dust-cloud
almost an inch high shoots up from the hymenium. The phe-
nomenon may be explained by the warming and expansion of the
air or gases in the lower two thirds of the asci. The spores,
crowded into the upper end, are pressed against the operculum
until it gives way and are then shot into the air.

J. F. Brenckle.

INDEX TO AMERICAN MYCOLOGICAL
LITERATURE

Allard, H. A. Some properties of the virus of the mosaic disease
of tobacco. Jour. Agr. Research 6: 649-674. pi. pj. 24 J1
1916.

Briggs, L. J., Jensen, C. A., & McLane, J. W. Alottle-leaf of
Citrus trees in relation to soil conditions. Jour. Agr. Research
6 : 721-740. pi. H, p6, p7 + /. 1-4. 7 Au 1916.

Burnham, S. H. The admirable Polyporiis in the flora of the
Lake George region. Torreya 16: 139-142. 15 Je 1916.

Cook, M. T., & Lint, H. C. Potato diseases in New Jersey. New
Jersey Agr. Exp. Sta. Circ. 53: 1-23. /. z-p. 1916.

Coons, G. H., & Levin, E. The Septoria leaf spot disease of
celery, or celery blight. Ivlichigan Agr. Exp. Sta. Special Bull.
77: 1-8. /. z-p. Mr 1916.

Douglas, G. E. A study of development in the genus Cortinarins.

Am. Jour. Bot. 3 : 319-335- pl- S-i3+f- i- I5 J1 1916.
Duggar, B. M. Rhizoctonia Solani in relation to the “ Mopo-
pilz ” and the “ Vermehrungspilz.” Ann. ]\Iissouri Bot. Card,
3 : i-io. F 1916.

Duggar, B. M. The Texas root rot fungus and its conidial stage.

Ann. Missouri Bot. Card. 3; 11-23. /. z-5. F 1916.

Durfee, T. Lichens of the Mt. Monadnock region, N. H. — No.

7. Bryologist 19 : 65, 66. J1 1916.

Erwin, A. T. Late potato blight in Iowa. Iowa Agr. Exp. Sta.

Bull. 163 : 287-305. /. 1-8. Ap 1916.

Evans, A. W. Lichens and Bryophytes at Cinchona. Science
II. 43 : 918. Je 1916.

Gilman, J. C. Cabbage yellows and the relation of temperature
to its occurrence. Ann. Missouri Bot. Card. 3 : 25-82. pi. i,
2 + /• 1-21. F 1916.

Cabbage yellows caused by Fusarium conglutinans.

Gloyer, W. 0., & Fulton, B. B, Tree crickets as carriers of Lep-

319

320

Mycologia

tosphaeria coniothyrium (Fckl.) Sacc. and other fungi. N. Y.
Agr. Exp. Sta. Tech. Bull. 50: 3-22. pi. 1-4. Mr 1916.

Graff, P. W. Basidiomycetes collected in Indo-China by C. B.

Robinson. Mycologia 8: 214-217. 15 J1 1916.

Grose, L, R. The alternate hosts of the white pine blister rust.

Am. Forestry 22 ; 469-471. Au 1916. [Illust.]

Harder, E. C. The occurrence of bacteria in frozen soil. Bot.

Gaz. 61 : 507-517. /. I, 2. 15 Je 1916.

Harter, L. L. Storage-rots of economic aroids. Jour. Agr. Re-
search 6: 549-572. pi. 81-83 -[-f. I. 10 J1 1916.

Hawkins, L. A. The disease of potatoes known as “ leak.” Jour.

Agr. Research 6: 627-640. pi. go~\-f. i. 24 J1 1916.

Jones, D. H. Some bacterial diseases of vegetables found in
Ontario. Ontario Dept. Agr. Bull. 240: 1-24. pi. i-io. Je
1916.

Howitt, J. E. Grape diseases. Ontario Dept. Agr. Bull. 237 :
44-48. Mr 1916.

Levin, E. The leaf-spot disease of tomato. Michigan Agr. Exp.

Sta. Tech. Bull. 25: 1-51. pi. i-p + /. i, 2. IMr 1916.

Lloyd, C. G. Mycological notes, 42; 574-588. f. 808-8 2Q. Je
1916.

Murphy, P. A. The black leg disease of potatoes caused by Ba-
cillus S olanisaprtis Harrison. Canada Dept. Agr. Exp. Farms
Circ. II : 1-8. /. A-D. 1916.

Murphy, P. A. Late blight and rot of potatoes. Canada Dept.
Agr. Exp. Farms Circ. 10: 1-13. /. A, B. , 1916.

“ Caused by the fungus Phytophthora infestans, de Bary.”

Murrill, W. A. (Agaricales) Agaricaceae (pars). Agariceae
(pars). N. Am. FI. 9: 297-374. 7 Je 1916.

Includes Geopetalum albescens, G. geophilum, G. subelatinum, G. tremelli-
forme G. subhaedinum, Micromphale badium, Omphalopsis translucentipes, O.
turbinata, O. psendogrisea, eleven other new species in this genus and 53 in
Prunuhis, 15 in Omphalina and 44 in Gymnopus.

Murrill, W. A. Edible and poisonous mushrooms. 1-76. Col-
ored Chart. New York. 26 Je 1916.

Murrill, W. A. Illustrations of fungi — XXIV. Mycologia 8 :
191-194. 15 J1 1916.

The following species are illustrated in color: Lactaria atroviridis, L. hygro-
phoroides, L. testacea, sp. nov., L. maculosa sp. nov. and L. torminosa.

Index to American Mycological Literature

321

Murrill, W. A. Pleurotus, Omphalia, Mycena, and Collybia,
published in North American Flora. Mycologia 8: 218-221.
15 J1 1916.

Norton, J. B. S, Internal action of chemicals on resistance of
tomatoes to leaf diseases. Maryland Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 192;
17-30. /. Ja 1916.

Olive, E. W. Report of a trip to study and collect rusts and other
parasitic fungi of Porto Rico. Brooklyn Bot. Card. Record
5: 1 17-122. /. 8. J1 1916.

Orton, C. R. The diseases of the potato. Pennsylvania Agr.

Exp. Sta. Bull. 140: 4-37. /. /-i’J. My 1916.

Overholts, L. 0. New or interesting species of gill fungi from
Missouri. Ann. Missouri Bot. Card. 3: 195-200. pi. 6-\-f. i.
F 1916.

Includes Clandopus subnidulatis, Panaeolus reticulatus, P. rufus, and P.
variabilis, spp. nov.

Peltier, G. L. Parasitic Rhizoctonias in America. Illinois Agr.

Exp. Sta. Bull. 189: 283-390. /. z-23. Je 1916.

Peltier, G. L. A serious disease of cultivated perennials caused
by Sclerotium Rolfsii. Illinois Agr. Exp. Sta. Circ. 187 : 1-3.
/. I. J1 1916.

Pratt, 0. A, A western fieldrot of the Irish potato tuber caused
by Fusarium radicicola. Jour. Agr. Research 6: 297-310. pi.
34-37- 29 My 1916.

Price, D. J., & McCormick, E. B. Dust explosions and fires in
grain separators in the Pacific northwest. U. S. Dept. Agr.
Bull. 379: 1-22. pi. i-ii. 4 Au 1916.

Rand, F. V., & Enlows, E. M. A. Transmission and control of
bacterial wilt of cucurbits. Jour. Agr. Research 6 : 417-434.
pi- 53, 54 + f- 1-3- 12 Je 1916.

Rangel, E. Contribuigao para e estudo dos Puccinias das Myrta-
ceas. Archiv. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 18: 147-156. pi. 1-4.
1916.

Includes descriptions and illustrations of four new species.

Rangel, E. Fungos do Brazil, novos ou mal conhecidos. Archiv.
Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 18: 157-164. pi. 5-7. 1916.

Includes descriptions of fifteen new species in Puccinia (i), Uromyces (3),

322

Mycologia

Uredo (4), Mycosphaerella (i), Laestadia (2), Phyllosticta (i), Coniothyrium
(i), Septogleum (i), Cercospora (i), and Phaeophleospora eugeniae gen. et
sp. nov.

Reed, G. B. The powdery mildews of Avena and Triticum.

Missouri Agr. Exp. Sta. Research Bull. 23 : 1-19. Je 1916.
Rosen, H. R. A known species of smut on a new host. Myco-
logia 8; 225, 226. 15 J1 1916.

Cintractia leucoderma on Cyperus Gatesii.

Rumbold, C. Pathological anatomy of the injected trunks of
chestnut trees. Proc. Ani. Philos. Soc. 55 : 485-493. pi. 15-18.
10 J1 1916.

Saccardo, P. Notae mycologicae, Series XX. Nuovo Giorn.
Bot. Ital. 23 : 185-234. Ap 1916.

Includes Meliola pitya, Chorostate Peckiana, Hypoderma fenellum, Phae-
angium Peckianum, spp. nov., and Microascus americanus gen. et sp. nov.

Schultz, E. S. Silver-scurf of the Irish potato caused by Spon-
dylocladium atrovirens. Jour. Agr. Research 6 : 339-350. pi.
45-48- 5 Je 1916.

Seaver, F. J. Photographs and descriptions of cup-fungi — III.
Peziza doniiciliana and Peziza repanda. Mycologia 8 : 195-
199. pi. 188, i8g. 15 J1 1916.

Smith, E. F. Further evidence as to the relation between crown
gall and cancer. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 2 : 444-448. Au 1916.
Smith, E. F. Further evidence that crown gall of plants is can-
cer. Science II. 43 : 871-889. 23 Je 1916.

Smith, E. F. Studies on the crown gall of plants ; its relation to
human cancer. Jour. Cancer Research i : 231-309. pi. 1-25.
Ap 1916.

Spaulding, P. The white-pine blister rust. U. S. Dept. Agr.

Farmers’ Bull. 742: 1-15. pi. -! + /• i~4- 9 Je 1916.

Stakman, E. C., & Tolaas, A. G. Fruit and vegetable diseases
and their control. Minnesota Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 153: 7-67.
f. 1-32. Ja 1916.

Stakman, E. C., & Tolaas, A. G. Potato diseases and their con-
trol. Minnesota Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 158: 7-47. f. 1-28. F
1916.

INDEX TO VOLUME VIII

New names and the final members of new combinations are in bold face type

Abies balsamea, 107; grandis, 91;

lasiocarpa, gi ; nobilis, 91
Acacia Greggii, 164
Acer nigrum, loi
Achlea Klebsiana, 108
Achlys triphylla, 102
Adenocaulon bicolor, 103
Adiantum latifolium, 25
Aecial stage of Coliosporium ribi-
cola, The, 309
Aecidiaceae, 23

Aecidium, 131, 134; Abroniae, 150;
Allenii, 150 ; Brandegei, 159 ; Cock-
erellii, 150; Compositarum, 150;
Euphorbiae, 15 1; Eurotiae, 151;
Fendleri, 159; Hydrophylli, 138,
141, 160; Iridis, 129; Lepidii, 163;
lini, ss ; Nymphoidis, 16; obesum,
134, 141 ; Phaceliae, 160; Physa-
lidis, 151; Sphaeralceae, 160, i6i
Agaricaceae, 251, 297
Agaricales, 172

Agaricus arvensis, 70, 72 ; campes-
ter, 172, 186, 297; discretus, 317;
echinocephalus, 232 ; onustus, 232 ;
placomyces, 297; ruber, 215
Agave neomexicana, 145
Agrimonia striata, 164
Agropyron, 138, 139; occidentale,

170; Smithii, 146, 161, 170; tene-
rum, 138, 141

Albugo Bliti, 144; Candida, 144;
Froelichiae, 144; Ipomaeae-pan-
duratae, 144; Trianthemae, :4s
Aleuria repanda, 197
Allionia melanotricha, 150
Althaea rosea, 159
Alveolaria Cordiae, 18
Amanita, 52, 53, 114, 231; Caesarea,
225. 251; Frostiana, 251; mus-
caria, 114; nivalis, 233; onusta,
299; pantherina, 114; phalloides,
ii4i 233, 251; phalloides striatula,
232; rubescens, 251; solitaria, 231
Amanitopsis, 53; agglutinata, 251;

albocreata, 232, 251; vaginata, 186
Amaranthus blitoides, 144; Powellii,
144

Amarella heterosepala, 166; stricti-
flora, 166

Amauroderma Chaperi, 3:4

Ambrosiaceae, 17

Amelanchier Bakeri, 152; mormon-
ica, 152; oreophila, 146, 153; poly-
carpa, 146

American mycological literature. In-
dex to, 59, 1 16, 188, 227, 289
American species of Ascodesmis,
North, I

Amorpha californica, 169; canescens,
169; nana, 168
Ampelomyces quisqualis, 175
Ampelopsis quinquefolia, 149
Amsonia, 135; salicifolia, 134
Amygdalaceae, 16
Amygdalus persica, 16
Anastrophia bahamensis, 19
Anchusa, 130; officinalis, 133, 141
Andira, 45

Andropogon brevifolius, 21 ; Schoe-
nanthus, 21

Anemone, 128; canadensis, 128; cyl-
indrica, 127, 128, 132
Angioridium sinuosum, 206 ; valva-
tum, 206

Anogra coronopifolia, 144
Anthephora elegans, 19; hermaphro-
dita, 19

Anthurium, 22 ; scandens, 22
Apios, 98 ; tuberosa, 98
Apocynum, 134; cannabinum, 134,
141 ; hypericifolium, 134
Apple trees. Fungi producing heart-
rot of, 5

Aquilegia, 128; caerulea, 157; cana-
densis, 132

Arabis Fendleri, 160; oxyphylla, 160
Araceae, 22

Arcyria bicolor, 210; cinerea, 41, 208,
210, 21 1 ; denudata, 41; globosa,
210; incarnata, 41, 210; insignis,
41; minor, 210; pallida, 21 1
Argomyces Oxalidis, 19, 151 ; Ver-
noniae, 24

Aristida bromoides, 156
Arkville, New York, Fungi collected
at, 293

Armillaria, 53, 183; evanescens, 53;

mellea, 65, 114, 183
Artemisia cana, 156; dracunculoides,
146; franserioides, 163; nova, 156;
redolens, 156; silvicola, 156; tri-
dentata, 156

323

324

Mycologia

Arthur, J. C., Cultures of Uredineae
in 1915, 125 ; Uredinales of Porto
Rico based on collections by F. L.
Stevens,! 16
Artocarpaceae, 17

Artocarpus Camansi, 26 ; communis,

17

Arundinaria, 128
Asclepiadaceae, 16

Asclepias, 134, 135; brachystephana,
159; curassavica, 16; galioides,
159; latifolia, 159; pulchra, 134;
syriaca, 134, 135, 141 ; subverticil-
lata, 159

Ascobolus, 93, 94; albinus, 94, 95;
atrofuscus, 95 ; caninus, 3 ; carbo-
narius, 93, 94, 95, 97 ; carbonicola,
95 ; geophilus, 93, 94, 96, 97 ; mi-
croscopicus, 3 ; subglobosus, 94,
96, 97 ; viridis, 93, 95, 97
Ascobolus, The earth-inhabiting spe-
cies of, 93

Ascochyta, 104; Acblydis, 10 1 ; Pisi,
f. Lupini, 104

Ascodesmis, i, 2; microscopica, 2,
3, 4; nigricans, i, 2, 3; porcina,
2, 3, 4 ; reticulata, 3
Ascodesmis, North American species
of, I

Ascomycetes, 295
Ascomycetes of Ohio, Fink’s, 57
Asparagus officinalis, 156
Asprella Hystrix, 138
Aster, 130; laevis, 158; paniculatus,
130; vallicola, 146
Asterina mexicana, 145
Astragalus, 165; amphioxys, 165;
Bigelovii, 165; bisulcatus, 170;
crassicarpus, 165 ; Drummondii,
170; missouriensis, 170; mollissi-
mus, 165; Nuttallianus, 170; Thur-
beri, 165; Wootoni, 165, 170
Attractive species of Melanoleuca
from Oregon, An, 113
Auerswaldia Pringlei, 146
Auricularia Auricula, 52, 56, 314; ni-
grescens, 314

Avena fatua, 161; sativa, 171, 172

Baccharis, 18; glutinosa, 152
Baccilus Mangiferae, 223
Bacterium solanacearum, 109
Badhamia capsulifera, 206 ; decipiens,
205, 206 ; panicea, 35 ; papaveracea,
206; rubiginosa, 201
Based on collections by F. L. Stevens,
Uredinales of Porto Rico, 16

Basidiomycetes collected in Indo-
China by C. B. Robinson, 214
Battarea laciniata, 174
Belonidium Macounii, 98, 103
Berberis Fendleri, 159
Berry, Edward W., Remarkable fossil
fungi, 73

Betula populifolia, 105
Biatora phaeophora, 245
Bibliography and new species of Phil-
ippine fungi, 253

Bidens pilosa, 25 ; tenuisecta, 170
Bignoniaceae, 18
Bihai psittacorum, 19
Bjerkandera adusta, 296
Boletaceae, 249, 251, 296
Boletinellus porosus, 296
Boletus, 225; auriporus, 251; felleus,
251; katui, 216; luteus, 53; reticu-
latus, 217; retipes, 251; rubritubi-
fer, 54; sanguineus, 215; Satanas,

1 14; tenuis, 217

Boudiera canina, 3 ; Claussenii, 3 ;
microscopica, 3

Bouteloua, 134; aristidoides, 171;
barbata, 171 ; breviseta, 171 ; cur-
tipendula, 159, 171 ; eriopoda, 171 ;
gracilis, 17 1 ; oligostachya, 171
Bovista pila, 299
Bradburya pubescens, 46
Brassica, 43 ; napi, 43 ; rapae, 43
Brenckle, J. F., Lamprospora detonia
sp. nov., 318
Bromus polyanthus, 171
Bruner, Stephen C., A new species of
Endothia, 239
Bulbilis dactyloides, 171
Bulgaria bicolor, 237
Bullaria, 136; tumidipes, 136

Caesalpiniaceae, 16, 18, 20
Cajanus indicus, 42
Calamovilfa longifolia, 126, 127
Calapogonium orthocarpum, 45
Calathea lutea, 25

Calliospora Farlowii, 18; Petaloste-
monis, 151

Camarophyllus basidiosus, 297 ; Can-
tharellus, 297 ; pallidus, 297
Camarosporium, 104; coronillae var.

Spiraeae, 104; Spiraeae, 104
Cantharellus cibarius, 251 ; cinna-
barinus, 251; infundibuliformis,
251 ; minor, 251
Capriola Dactylon, 20
Carduaceae, 18, 19

Carex, 169; arctata, 130, 141 ; Doug-
lasii, 156; durifolia, 131 ; Jamesii,

1 This article contains an index to the Uredinales of the West Indies and
also an index to their hosts.

Index to Volume VIII

325

131 ; pubescens, 130; tenuis, 130,
141

Carya, 315
Cassava, 44

Cassia, 16; alata, 44; angustisiliqua,
18; bauhinioides, 164; emarginata,
16; occidentalis, 44
Castanea mollissima, 55
Castilleja confusa, 151; integra, 151;
linariaefolia, 151 ; sulphurescens,

151

Ceanothus americanus, 100
Celtis reticulata, 149
Cenangium populneum, 302, 306
Cenchrus carolinianus, 25
Cephalanthus, 134; occidentalis, 134
Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa, 35 ; fruticu-
losa flexuosa, 35

Cercospora, 42 ; Amaryllidis, 44 ;
Amoraciae, 43; argythamniae, 55;
Bloxami, 43 ; borinquensis, 45 ;
Bradburyae, 46 ; brassicola, 43 ;
Cajani, 42 ; Cassavae, 44 ; Chamae-
cristae, 44 ; conspicua, 42 ; densis-
sima, 44 ; guanicensis, 45 ; Hi-
bisci, 44 ; Hydropiperis, 43 ; Lepi-
dii, 43 ; Malachrae, 45 ; mari-
caoensis, 44 ; Mucunae, 43 ; na-
mae, 55; Phyllitidis, 44; Polygo-
norum, 43 ; portoricensis, 42 ; rosi-
cola, 43 ; Stevensii, 45 ; Vaginae,
42

Ceriomyces bicolor, 296 ; communis,
296 ; illudens, 296 ; retipes, 296 ;
viscidus, S3, 296
Ceropteris triangrularis, 153
Cerrena unicolor, 296
Chaetochloa imberbis, 25
Chamaecrista Aeschynomene, 20
Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, 92
Chamaenerion angustifolium, 164
Chamaesaracha Coronopus, 150
Chamaesycealbomarginata, 168 ; Fend-
leri, 168; Geyeri, 168; glyptosper-
ma, 168; hypericifolia, 25; lata,
168; petaloidea, 168; serpens, 168;
serpyllifolia, 167; stictospora, 168
Chanterel Chantarellus, 297 ; flocco-
sus, 297 ; infundibuliformis, 297
Cheilanthes Pringlei, 153
Chenopodium, 129; album, 129, 135,
141, 162, 176; Fremonti, 163; pra-
tericola, 163

Chlamydopus clavatus, 174
Chloris elegans, 129, 165
Chlorosplenium aeruginosum, 56
Chondrioderma subdictyospermum,
201

Chrysanthemum leucanthemum, 104
Chrysothamnus linifolius, 146; Va-
seyi, 146

Chytridales, 144
Ciboria nebulosa, 295
Cineraria palustris, 13 1
Cintractia Caricis, 169; leucoderma,
22$, 226

Cirsium pallidum, 157; undulatum,
157; Wrightii, 157
Citrus, 1 12
Cladium effusum, 19
Cladoderris dendritica, 56, 314
Cladosporites, 77, 78 ; fasciculatus,
77. 79 : oligocaenicum, 77, 79
Cladosporium, 77; herbarum, 78, 176
Cladothrix lanuginosa, 144
Clastoderma Debaryanum, 39
Claudopus nidulans, 173 ; subnidu-
lans, 313

Clavaria cristata, 295 ; fusiformis,
250, 294, 295 ; Kunzei, 295 ; pistil-
laris, S3

Clavariaceae, 250

Claviceps purpurea, 146

Clematis ligusticifolia, 128, 132, 157,

175

Cleome, 42

Clitocybe, 68, 317; adirondackensis,
297 ; Candida, 69 ; eccentrica, 297 ;
flaccida, 185; illudens, 251; infun-
dibuliformis, 251, 297; laccata,

251; lactariiformis, 297; mona-
delpha, 68; nebularis, 65-69, 71;
nobilis, 69 ; robusta, 69
Clitopilus abortivus, 65
Coffea arabica, 16

Coleosporium Eupatorii, 18; ribicola,

151, 309

Coleosporium ribicola. The aecial
stage of, 309

Collections by F. L. Stevens, Uredi-
nales of Porto Rico based on, 16
Collybia agricola, 218; avellanei-
disca, 218; avellaneigrisea, 218;
badiialba,2i8 ; cinchonensis,2i8 ;
creraeimellea, 218; densifolia,
218; dentata, 2:8; denticulata,
218; domestica, 218; Earleae,
218 ; Eatonae,2i8 ; farinacea,2i8 ;
fimetaria, 219; flavescens, 219;
fulvidisca, 219; fulvipes, 219;
Glatf elteri, 219; griseif olia, 219;
jamaicensis, 219; ludoviciana,
219; marasmiiformis, 219 ; mon-
ticola, 219; musicola, 219; ni-
gritiformis, 219; oculata, 219;
orizabensis, 219; pallida, 219;
platyphylla, 231; radicata, 251; ro-
seilivida, 219; setulosa, 219;
sinuata, 219; squamiger, 219;
subavellanea, 219; subflaves-
eens, 219; subflavifolia, 219;

326

Mycologia

sublatericia, 219; subnivulosa,
219; subrugosa, 219; tenuifolia,
219; tortipes, 219; trullisata,
219; unakensis, 219; virgin-
iana, 219; Volkertii, 219; xuchi-
lensis, 219

Coltricia cinnamomea, 296 ; peren-
nis, 296

Colus Schellenbergiae, 183; java-
nicus, 184

Colus from Pennsylvania, A new
species of, 183
Comandra pallida, 152
Comatricha nigra, 39 ; pulchella, 209 ;
typhoides, 39 ; typhoides var. het-
erospora, 39

Conifers, Laboratory tests on the
durability of American woods — I.
Flask tests on, 80
Convolvulcaeae, 19
Coprinus, 53, 54, 70, 71, 186; atra-
mentarius, 70, 72, 173 ; atramen-
tarius silvestris, 297 ; bisporus, S4 >
comatus, 52, 53; ephemerus, 186;
Hansenii, 54; micaceus, 70, 173,
186, 297; stercorarius, 186
Cordia, 17; alliodora, 17; cylindro-
stachya, 18

Coriolopsis caperata, 314; occiden-
talis, 56

Coriolus abietinus, 173, 296; haedi-
nus, 56; limitatus, 173; membrana-
ceus, 56 ; nigromarginatus, 296 ;
pinsitus, 56; pubescens, 53; sector,
56; versicolor, 173, 296
Cornus Nuttallii, loi
Corticium pezizoideum, 53 ; serum,
184; varians, 184

Cortinarius, 316; armillatus, 297;

chrysolitus, 54; semisanguineus, 297
Cortinellus vaccinus, 53
Crataegus brevispina, 105
Craterellus Cantharellus, 250, 295 ;

cornucopioides, 250, 295
Craterium floriforme, 211, 213; leu-
cocephalum var. cylindricum, 207,
213; minimum, 207, 213; porphy-
rium, 207

Crepidopus, 218; ostreatus, 297
Cressa truxillensis, 157
Cribaria, 40; argillacea, 41, 212; ele-
gans, 210; macrocarpa, 40; micro-
• scopica, 210; minima, 210; minu-
tissima, 210; pyriformis, 40; splen-
dens, 40

Crinipellis fragilis, no
Cronartium, 314 ; coleosporioides, 151 ;

Comandrae, 152; ribicola, 314
Crucibulum vulgare, 299
Cryptogamme Stelleri, 153
Cryptosporium falcatum, 107

Cudonia lutea, 295
Cultures of Uredineae in 1915, 125
Cup-fungi — III. Peziza domiciliana
and Peziza repanda, 195 ; IV. Pe-
ziza clypeata. Photographs and de-
scriptions of, 235

Curtis Herbarium, Notes on the
Myxomycetes of the, 199
Cyathia hirsuta, 174
Cycloporellus iodinus, 314
Cylindrosporium, 106; Chrysanthemi,

1 04 ; Crataegi var. brevispina,
105 ; spigeliae, 55 ; Toxicodendri,

105

Cynodon Dactylon, 21
Cyperaceae, 16, 17, 19
Cyperus, 225 ; distans, 25 ; esculentus,
157; Gatesii, 225; odoratus, 25
Cyphella porrigens, 53
Cytodiplospora parallela, 101
Cytospora chrysosperma, 295

Daedalea, 216; amanitoides, 56, 216;
applanata, 216; confragosa, 296:
flavida, 216; Palisoti, 216; philip-
pinensis, no; repanda, 216
Daldinia concentrica, 295
Dangerous mushroom, A very, 186
Darluca filum, 175
Dasylirion Wheeleri, 148
Dasyochloa pulchella, 171
Dasyscypha arida, 53
Dearness, John, New or noteworthy
species of fungi, 98
Delphinium Sapellonis, 157
Descriptions of cup-fungi — III. Pe-
ziza domiciliana and Peziza re-
panda. 19s ; IV. Peziza clypeata.
Photographs and, 235
Diachaea leucopoda, 38 ; leucopoda
var. globosa, 38
Dianthus caryophyllus, 181
Diaporthe, 100; columbiensis, 100;

Euonymi, 99; Macounii, 100
Dicaeoma poculiforme, 181
Dichrophyllum marginatum, 168
Dietydiaethalium plumbeum, 40, 211,

213

Dictydium, 40 ; cancellatum, 40
Diderma, 38; antarctica, 37; hemi-
sphericum, 36 niveum, 36 ; niveum
Lyallii, 36 ; pallidum, 206 ; simplex,
37; spumarioides, 36; testaceum,
36; Trevelyani, 37
Didymaria Clematidis, 175
Didymium, 202 ; chrysopeplum, 200 ;
Clavus, 38 ; columbinum, 200, 209,
213 ; curtisii, 201 ; dealbatum, 201 ;
difforme, 212; eximium, 201, 202;
luteogriseum, 201 ; megalosporum,
201,202,209,213; melanospermum.

Index to Volume VIII

327

38; nectriaeforme, 202; nigripes,
201 ; nigripes var. eximium, 205,
213 ; obrusseum, 202 ; pusillum, 202 ;
proximum, 202 ; pruinosum, 202 ;
radiatum, 203 ; Ravenelii, 203 ;
squamulosum, 203 ; terrigenum,
204, 213; tenerrimum, 203; xan-
thopus, 202

Didymosphaeria Ceanothi, 100;
Housei, 100

Dimerosporium CoIIinsii, 146
Diplodia constricta, 102; Nut-
taliae, 102; Spiraea, 102; Ulmi,
102

Dirca, 135, 136; palustris, 135
Discina adnata, 237 ; clypeata, 237 ;

orbicularis, 237; repanda, 198
Discomycetes, 98

Disella hederacea, 159, 161, 162; lepi-
dota, 1S9

Distichlis maritima, 136; spicata,
13s, 141, 163, 172

Dodge, B. O., Fungi producing heart-
rot of apple trees, 5
Dothichiza populea, 300-308
Dothichiza populea in the United
States, 300
Dothidella, 45
Dothiorella, in
Draba aurea, 160
Dugaldea Hoopesii, 148, 150, 176
Dulichium arundinaceum, 130, 140
Duportella Raimundoi, no; velutina,
no

Durability of American woods — I.
Flask tests on conifers. Labora-
tory tests on the, 80

Earlea speciosa, 152
Earliella corrugata, 314
Earth-inhabiting species of Ascobo-
lus. The, 93
Ehretiaceae, 17, 18
Eichleriella, 316; gelatinosa, 316;
Schrenkii, 316

Eleagnus, 128; argentea, 128
Eleocharis capitata, 25 ; flaccida, 25 ;
mutata, 25

Elfvingia fomentaria, 296 ; mega-
loma, 296; tornata, 56, 314
Elfvingiella fasciata, 56, 314
Elmerina foliacea, no
Elymus, 139; canadensis, 146, 157,
170; condensatus, 138; virginicus,
138, 141

Endothia, 239, 240; havanensis,

241; longirostris, 242; parasitica,
112. 304; radicalis, 113, 239, 242
Endothia, A new species of, 239
Enerthenema papillatum, 39
Enteridium cinereum, 204

Entoloma lividum, 114, 123
Entyloma australe, 169; Composi-
tarum, 170

Ephedra Torreyana, 155; trifurca,
154, IS5

Epidendrum difforme, 21 ; rigidum,
21

Epilobium adenocladon, 158; novo-
mexicanum, 164
Erigeron subtrinervis, 146
Eriogonum cernuum, 166; effusum,
166; lonchophyllum, 166; racemo-
sum, 166

Eriophorum, 131 ; angustifolium, 13 1 ;
polystachion, 132; tenellum, 132;
virginicum, 132; viridi-carinatum,
131, 132, 141

Eriosporangium evadens, 18; punc-
tato-striatum, 152

Erysiphe, 147; Cichoracearum, 146-
148, 17s; Galeopsidis, 147; grami-
nis, 147 : Polygoni, 147, 148
Eucalyptus, 239 ; botryoides, 240, 242 ;
microphylla, 242 ; occidentalis, 242 ;
robusta, 242 ; rostrata, 242
Euonymus atropurpureus, 99
Eupatorium macrophyllum, 18
Euphorbia corollata, 127
Euphorbiaceae, 24
Eurotia lanata, 151
Exoascales, 316
Exobasidium, 316
Exogonium arenarium, 19
Experiment with Panaeolus papilio-
naceus. An, 317

Fabaceae, 16, 18
Fagus antarctica, 38
Family of Hymenomycetes, A new, 56
Favolus variegatus, 56
Fendlera falcata, 152; rupicola, 152
Festuca, 133 ; Thuberi, 132, 141
Fimbristylis spadicea, 17
Fink, Bruce, Hermann Edward
Hasse, — Lichenist, 243
Fink’s Ascomycets of Ohio, 57
Fistulina hepatica, 251
Flask tests on conifers. Laboratory
tests on the durability of American
woods — I, 80

Fomes, 214; annosus, in; applana-
tus, 250; Auberianus, 314: Ellisia-
nus, 173; fomentarius, 225; igni-
arius, 6 ; lobatus, 250 ; pinicola,
in; populinus, 296; rimosus, 214,
250 ; ungulatus, 296
Fomitella supina, 56, 314
Fossil fungi. Remarkable, 73
Frasera macrophylla, 168; speciosa,
168

328

Mycologia

Fuligo cinerea, 204, 213; septica, 36

Fulvifomes extensus, 314

Fungi — XXIII, 12 1 ; XXIV, 19 1 ;

XXV, 231 ; Illustrations of
Fungi Collected at Arkville, New
York, 293

Fungi, New or noteworthy species
of, 98

Fungi of New Mexico, 142
Fungi producing heart-rot of apple
trees, 5

Fungi, Remarkable fossil, 73
Fungi — II, Studies in Porto Rican
parasitic, 42

Galactinia succosa, 295
Galactopus, 218; succosus, 297
Galera Hypnorum, 297 ; tener, 297
Galium asperrimum, 161
Ganoderma Bakeri, no; plicatum,
no; Tsugae, 296
Ganolobus, 202
Gasteromycetes, 299
Gaura coccinea, 167; glabra, 167; in-
duta, 167; parviflora, 167; villosa,
167

Gayophitum ramosissimum, 158
Geaster floriformis, 174; hygrometri-
cus, 174; saccatus, 299
Genus of resupinate polypores, A
new, 56

Geopetalum, 218, 297; albescens, 218;
geophilum, 218; subelatinum, 218;
subhaedinum, 218; tremelliforme,
218

Geopyxis amplispora, 198; pallidula,
197; vulcanalis, 53
Gloeophyllum hirsutum, 296
Gloeosporium, 106; lunatum, 223;

Toxicodendri, 105, 106
Glycyrrhiza lepidota, 147, 166
Graff, Paul W., Basidiomycetes col-
lected in Indo-China by C. B. Rob-
inson, 214; Bibliography and new
species of Philippine fungi,2 253
Grifola Berkeleyi, 296
Grindelia, 158; aphanactis, 148, 158,
177; subalpina, 158
Grossularia leptantha, 151, 158
Guepinia spathularia, 314
Guilandina crista, 45
Guinardia Aesculi, 224
Gutierrezia, 158; tenuis, 158
Gymnopus, 218; agricola. 218: avel-
laneidiscus, 218; avellaneigriseus,
218; badiialbus, 218; chrysopeplus,
297; cinchonensis, 218; cremei-
melleus, 218; densifolius, 218;
dentatus, 218; denticulatus, 218;

domesticus, 218; dryophilus, 297;
Earleae, 218; Eatonae, 218; fari-
naceus, 218; fimetarius, 219 ; flaves-
cens, 219; fulvidiscus, 219 ; fulvipes,
219; Glatfelteri, 219; griseifolius,
219; jamaicensis, 219; ludovici-
anus, 219; marasmiiformis, 219;
monticola, 219; musicola, 219;
myriadophyllus, 297 ; nigritiformis,
219; oculatus, 219; oculus, 297;
orizabensis, 219; pallidus, 219;
platyphyllus, 297 ; radicatus, 297 ;
roseilividus, 219; setulosus, 219;
sinuatus, 219; squamiger, 219;
subavellaneus, 219; subflavescens,
219; subflavifolius, 219; sublateri-
cius, 219; subnivulosus, 219; sub-
rugosus, 219; tenuifolius, 219; tor-
tipes, 219; trullisatus, 219; una-
kensis, 219; virginianus, 219;
Volkertii, 219; xuchilensis, 219
Gymnosporangium, 313; bermudia-
num, 18; gracilens, 152; incon-
spicuum, 152; juvenescens, 152;
koreaense, 222; Nelsoni, 153
Gyrocephalus rufus, 295
Gyroporus castaneus, 296 ; cyanes-
cens, 296

Habenaria maculosa, 18
Halerpestes Cymbalaria, 157
Hamelia erecta, 23

Hapalopilus gilvus, 56 ; rutilans, 296
Harper, Edward T., Two parasitic
mushrooms, 65

Hasse, — Lichenist, Hermann Edward,

243

Heart-rot of apple trees. Fungi pro-
ducing, 5

Hebeloma peckii, 55
Hedgcock, George G., and Hunt, N.
Rex, Dothichiza populea in the
United States, 300

Helianthus annuus, 158; ciliaris, 159 ;

fascicularis, 149
Heliconia psittacorum, 19
Heliopsis scabra, 146
Helminthosporium Hydropiperis, 43
Helotium citrinum, 295
Helvella crispa, 53
Hemileia vastatrix, 16
Hemitrichia clavata, 41 ; Vesparium,
208, 211

Hermann Edward Hasse, — Lichenist,

243

Herpotrichia nigra, 53
Heteropogon contortus, 170
Hevea, 315

Hexagona alveolaris, 296 ; daedalea.

2 This article contains an index to new genera and species.

Index to Volume VIII

329

56; lachnochaeta, no; striatula,

296

Hexagonia, 217; tenuis, 217
Hiatula, 317; Benzonii, 317; cilia-
tula, 317; discreta, 317; minima,
317; purpurascens, 317
Hibiscus tiliaceus, 44
Hilaria Jamesii, 172; mutica, 172
Holcus jalapensis, 16; lanatus, 128;
Sorghum, 16

Hordeum jubatum, 128, 161, 167; no-
dosum, 140; pusillum, 139-141
Host, A known species of smut on a
new, 225

Humphrey, C. J., Laboratory tests on
the durability of American woods
— I. Flask tests on conifers, 80
Humulus Lupulus neomexicanus, 148
Hunt, Rex N., and Hedgcock, George
G., Dothichiza populea in the
United States, 300
Hyalopsora Cheilanthis, 153
Hydnaceae, 250, 296
Hydnum adustum, 250 ; erinaceum,
250; imbricatum, 53; repandum,
296; zonatum, 250
Hydrocotyle australe, 129
Hydrocybe ceracea, 297 ; flammea,

297 ; laeta, 297 ; miniata, 297 ; ni-
tida, 297 ; Peckii, 297 ; punicea, 297

Hydrophyllum, 138; capitatum, 138,
141 ; Fendleri, 146, 160
Hygrophorus, 294, 317; miniatus, 231
Hymenocallis, 44
Hymenochaete pavonia, no
Hymenoclea monogyra, 162
Hymenomycetes, 295
Hymenomycetes, A new family of, 56
Hypholoma appendiculatum, 298 ; in-
certum, 251; pecosense, 173
Hypochnus subtilis, 186
Hypocrea Richardsoni, 53
Hypomyces apiculata, 295 ; hyalinus,
295, 299 ; lactifluorum, 293
Hypoxis decumbens, 22
Hystrix, 138

Illustrations of fungi — XXIII, 121,
XXIV, 19 1, XXV, 231
Illustrations of fungi I-XXII, Index
to, 47

Index to American mycological lit-
erature, 39, 116, 188, 227, 289, 319
Index to illustrations of fungi
I-XXII, 47

Indo-China by C. B. Robinson, Basi-
diomyctes collected in, 214
Inocybe, 298, 312, 316; anomala,
312

Insects and mushrooms, 113
lonoxalis Martiana, 19; violacea, 131

Ipomoea arenaria, 19; hirsutula, 144;
Steudeli, 19

Iris, 129; versicolor, 129

Irpex lacteus, 3

Irpiciporus lacteus, 296

Isocoma heterophylla, 163

Iva axillaris, 139; xanthiifolia, 146

Johnston, J. R., Marasmius on sugar
cane, 113

Juglans major, 177

Juncus interior, 168; longistylis, 168

Juniperaceae, 18

Juniperus, 174; bermudiana, 18; cali-
fornica, 91; chinensis, 222; luca-
yana, 18; monosperma, 132, 133;
pachyphloea, 131; occidentalis, 91;
scopulorum, 133; utahensis, 132,
IS3

Kentucky fungi. Some, 249
Kniep’s Beitrage zur Kenntnis der
Hymenomyceten, III, Review of,
184

Known species of smut on a new
host. A, 225
Koeleria cristata, 160

Laboratory tests on the durability of
American woods — I. Flask tests on
conifers, 80

Laccaria laccata, 298 ; ochropurpurea,
313; striaUila, 298

Lachnea lusatiae, 293 ; scutellata, 293
Lachnobolus cinereus, 204, 213
Lachnocladium Micheneri, 293 ;
Schweinitzii, 293

Lactaria, 19 1 ; atroviridis, 19 1 ; cili-
cioides, 194; cinerea, 298; deliciosa,
1 14, 223 ; distans, 192 ; Gerardii, 231 ;
Hibbardae, 298 ; hygrophoroides,
192, 298; lactiflua, 192, 231, 298;
lignyota, 298; luteola, 192; macu-
losa, 193; piperata, 122, 183, 298;
rufa, 192; subdulcis, 231, 298; sub-
velutina, 192; testacea, 192; tormi-
nosa, 1 14, 193; trivialis, 232; zo-
naria, 114

Lactuca integrata, 146; pulchella, 139
Laestadia biennis, 98; galactina, 33
Lamiaceae, 24

Lamproderma columbinum, 208
Lamprospora detonia, 318; trachy-
carpa, 318

Lapsana communis, 107
Larix europaea, 91
Lasiosphaeria hispida, 293
Lathy rus arizonicus, 166; decaphyl-
lus, 166, 176; leucanthus, 147, 166
Laurinoxylon, 79
Leangium, 38

330

Mycologia

Lecanora redimita, 245
Lentinus, 217, 315; carneotomento-
sus, 298; crinitus, 56; exilis, 217;
infundibuliformis, 315 ; lepideus, 1 1,
82, 83; similis, 315; strigosus, 56,

314

Lentodiellum, 218

Lenzites applanata, 216; betulina,
296; lurida, 217; pallida, 217; pa-
lisota,2i6; platypoda,2i7 ; repanda,
216; subconfragosa, 217
Leocarpus fragilis, 36; lubrica, 295
Leotia chlorocephala, 250
Lepargyraea, 128; argentea, 173;

canadensis, 128, 150, 177
Lepidium, 43; alyssoides, 163
Lepidodendron, 75
Lepidostrobus, 75

Lepiota, 53, 54, 234 ; acutesquamosa,
233 ; aspera, 233 ; asperula, 233 ;
Cortinarius, 54; cristata, 313; erio-
phora, 233 ; Friesii, 233 ; Morgani,
252; seminuda, 313
Leptomyces, 218, 317
Leptoporus armatus, no; Bakeri, no
Leptostromella conigena, 105
Leucocrinum, 127
Leucoporus ameides, no
Leucosyris spinosus, 165
Levine, Michael, Review of Kniep’s
Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Hyme-
nomyceten. III, 184
Licea, 37; antarctica, 37; applanata,
211; artocreas, 211; macrospora,
212; microsperma, 212, 213; rubi-
formis, 212 ; spermoides, 212 ; stipi-
tata, 212

Lichenist, Hermann Edward Hasse,

243

Ligularia sibirica, 131
Ligusticum Porteri, 154
Limnanthemum Grayanum, 17
Limonium limbatum, 167
Lindbladia effusa var. simplex, 212
Linnaea, 149 ; americana, 149
Linum Lewisii, 154
Literature, Index to American myco-
logical, 59, 116, 188, 227, 289
Lithospermum, 139

Long, W. H., Note on western red
rot in Finns ponderosa, 178; The
aecial stage of Coliosporium ribi-
cola, 309

Lupinus aduncus, 175; ammophilus,
167; Kingii, 167; perennis, 104
Lycium pallidum, 136, 163, 141 ; vul-
gare, 136, 141

Lycogala Epidendrum, 41 ; flavo-
fuscum, 41
Lycoperdales, 174

Lycoperdon gemmatum, 299 ; sepa-

rans, 299 ; subincarnatum, 299
Lycopus, 131; virginicus, 181

Macrophoma celtidicola, 55 ; peck-
iana, 55

Macropodia macropus, 295 ; pubida,

29s

Macrosporium Solani, 177
Madia glomerata, 146
Malachra rotundifolia, 46
Malvaceae, 16
Malvastrum elatum, 162
Mangifera indica, 239, 242
Marantaceae, 25

Marasmius, 54, 115, 295; alliatus,

298 ; caryophylleus, 54, 298 ; con-
fluens, 298 ; delectans, 298 ; di-
chrous, 298 ; foetidus, 298 ; gla-
bellus, 298; plicatus, 115; resino-
sus, 298 ; rotula, 298 ; Sacchari,
ns; semiustis, 115; siccus, 252,
298; stenophyllus, 115; subnudus,
298

Marasmius on sugar cane, 115
Margarita metallica, 41
Mariscus jamaicense, 19
Marsonia, 106

Marssonina Toxicodendri, 105
Medicago sativa, 150, 167; denticu-
lata, 18; lupulina, 167
Melampsora albertensis, 153 ; arctica,
153; Bigelovii, 153; Lini, 154;
Medusae, 154

Melampsorella elatina, 154
Melampsoropsis Pyrolae, 154
Melanconium parvulum, 105
Melanoleuca albissima, 298, 299 ; al-
boflavida, 298 ; anomala, 312; mela-
leuca, 53, 298; olivaceiflava, 113
Melanoleuca from Oregon, An at-
tractive species of, 113
Melanopsamma waghornei, 55
Melanopus, 10
Meliola, 314-
Mentha Penardi, 160
Menyanthaceae, 17
Mertensia, 175; pratensis, 147
Metasphaeria Macounii, 100
Microglossum rufum, 295
Micromphale, 218; badium, 219; ful-
vifibrillosum, 219; subexcavatum,
219

Microsphaera Symphoricarpi, 148
Microstroma album, 177; Juglandis,
177

Mikania scandens, 19
Mollisia, 98; apiophila, 98
Monarda stricta, 160
Moneses uniflora, 154
Moniliales, 176
Morchella crassipes, 53

Index to Volume VIII

331

Mucronoporus Andersoni, 56, 57
Mucuna pruriens, 43
Muhlenbergia neomexicana, 148 ; Por-
teri, 172; Pringlei, 172; repens,
160; squarrosa, 161
Murrill, W. A., An attractive species
of Melanoleuca from Oregon, 113;
Fungi Collected at Arkville, New
York, 293 ; Illustrations of fungi —
XXIII, 121; XXIV, 191; XXV,23i;
Index to illustrations of fungi
I-XXII, 47 ; A new family of Hy-
menomycetes, 56 ; A new genus of
resupinate polypores, 56; Pleuro-
tus, Omphalia, Mycena, and Col-
lybia published in North American
Flora, 218; A very dangerous
mushroom, 186

Mushroom, A very dangerous, 186
Mushrooms, Insects and, 113
Mushrooms, Two parasitic, 65
Mycena, 53 ; Abramsii, 220 ; adi-
rondackensis, 220 ; alcalini-
formis, 220 ; argillacea, 220 ;
atribrunnea, 220 ; atridisca, 220 ;
aurantiaca, 220 ; aurantiidisca,
220 ; avellanea, 220 ; avellanei-
grisea, 220 ; brevipes, 220 ;
caesiialba, 220 ; carbonicola,
220 ; cervinialba, 220 ; cincho-
nensis, 220 ; cinereiavellanea,
220 ; collybiiformis, 220 ; fari-
nacea, 220; flavicitrina, 220;
fuliginosa, 220 ; fumosiavel-
lanea, 220 ; fusipes, 220 ; gracil-
lipes, 220 ; Grantii, 220 ; lateri-
cia, 220 ; lepiotiformis, 220 ;
leucophaea, 220 ; longipes, 220 ;
ludoviciana, 220 ; magna, 220 ;
margarita, 220 ; melleidisca,
221; minutissima, 221 ; murina,
221 ; myceliosa, 221 ; niveipes,
221 ; occidentalis, 221 ; ochra-
ceicinerea, 22 1 ; paludicola, 221 ;
parvula, 221 ; pectinata, 221 ;
plumbeibrunnea, 221 ; pubes-
cens, 221 ; roseipallens, 221 ; ro-
seola, 221 ; rutilantiformis, 221 ;
Sabali, 221 ; scabripes, 221 ;
subfumosa, 221 ; subpulveru-
lenta, 221 ; subtenuipes, 221 ;
syringea, 221 ; tenuicula, 221 ;
testacea, 221; trojana, 221; vir-
idigrisea, 221

Mycological literature. Index to Amer-
ican, 59, 1 16, 188, 227, 289
Myxomycetes, 199, 200
Myxomycetes from South America,
34

Myxomycetes of the Curtis Herbar-
ium, Notes on the, 199

Nemopanthes mucronata, 107
Neotiella albocinta, 295
Nephlyctis transformans, 18
Neurolaena lobata, 25
New family of Hymenomycetes, A, 56
New genus of resupinate polypores,
A, 56

New Mexico, Fungi of, 142
New or noteworthy species of fungi,
98

New species of Colus from Pennsyl-
vania, A, 183

New species of Endothia, A, 239
New species of Philippine fungi. Bib-
liography and, 253
Nidularia pisiformis, 299
Nigredo Caladii, 181 ; caryophyllina,
i8i; Medicaginis, 18; Trifolii, 18
Nolina microcarpa, 170
North American Flora, Pleurotus,
Omphalia, Mycena, and Collybia
published in, 218

North American species of Asco-
desmis, 1

Notes on western red rot in Pinus
ponderosa, 178

Notes and brief articles, 52, 108, 183,
222, 312

Notes on the Myxomycetes of the
Curtis Herbarium, 199
Noteworthy species of fungi. New or,
98

Nothoholcus lanatus, 128
Notholaena, 153; sinuata, 133
Nothoscordium, 139, 140; bivalve,

139-141 ; striatum, 139, 140
Nuttallia cerasiformis, 100, 102
Nyssopsora echinata, 154

Octospora varia, 197
Odostemon Fremontii, 169; haema-
tocarpus, 169; repens, 169
Oenothera biennis, 167; procera, 148
Ohio, Fink’s Ascomycetes of, 57
Ohleriella neomexicana, 148
Oidium fusisporioides f. Lapsanae,
107

Olyra, 22

Omphalia acuminata, 219; Bakeri,
220 ; californiensis, 220 ; coc-
cinea, 219; collybiiformis, 219;
convexa, 220; cremea, 219;
cuspidatella, 219; cuticolor, 220 ;
Dawsonii, 219; distantifolia,
220; Earlei, 219; hypobrunnea,
219; incarnata, 219; jalapensis,
219; lenta, 219; luteicolor, 219:
McMurphyi, 220; miniata, 219;
myceniformis, 220 ; niveicolor,
219: petasiformis, 220; praede-
currens, 220 ; pseudogrisea, 220 ;

332

Mycologia

roriduliformis, 220 ; Sequoi-
arum, 220 ; subavellanea, 220 ;
subcartilaginea, 220 ; subim-
maculata, 220 ; subscypboides,
220 ; tepeitensis, 220 ; translu-
centipes, 220; turbinata, 220
Omphalina, 218; acuminata, 219;
chrysophylla, 298; coccinea, 219;
collybiiformis, 219; cremea, 219;
cuspidatella, 219; Dawsonii, 219;
Earlei, 219; hypobrunnea, 219;
incarnata, 219; jalapensis, 219;
lenta, 219; luteicolor, 219; miniata,
219; niveicolor, 219; Sequoiarum,
220 ; subcartilaginea, 220 ; sub-
scyphoides, 220 ; tepeitensis, 220
Omphalopsis, 218; Bakeri, 220; cali-
forniensis, 220 ; campanella, 298 ;
convexa, 220 ; cuticolor, 220 ; dis-
tantifolia, 220 ; fibula, 298 ; Mc-
Murphyi, 220 ; inyceniformis, 220 ;
petasiformis, 220 ; praedecurrens,
220 ; pseudogrisea, 220 ; roriduli-
formis, 220; subavellanea, 220;
subimmaculata, 220 ; translucen-
tipes, 220 ; turbinata, 220
Onosmodium, 139

Ophiotheca pallida, 207 ; umbrina,
207 ; wrightii, 207
Oplismenus hirtellus, 21
Orchidaceae, 18, 21
Oregon, An attractive species of
Melanoleuca from, 113
Oreobatus, 155; deliciosus, 155; neo-
mexicanus, 155

Ornithogalum bivalve, 139; umbella-
tum, 139

Oryzopsis hymenioides, 172
Ostracoderma spadiceum, 213
Otidea alutacea, 295 ; Auricula, 53
Overholts, L. O., and Mae F., Some
Kentucky fungi, 249
Oxalidaceae, 19
Oxytropis Lamberti, 165

Pachyella Barlaeana, 237
Pachylophus hirsutus, 167; macro-
glottis, 167

Padus, 149; melanocarpa, 149, 177
Palaeomyces, 75

Palmoxylon cellulosum, 74, 77, 79
Panaeolus, 52, 69, 187; acidus, 187;
campanulatus, 56, 298, 299; di-

gressus, 187; epimyces, 52, 69; pa-
pilionaceus, 317; reticulatus, 313;
rufus, 313; variabilis, 313; vene-
nenosus, 186

Panellus stypticus, 298, 299
Panicum capillare, 127 ; fasciculatum,

25

Panus stipticus, 185

Pappophorum Wrightii, 171
Parasitic fungi — II, Studies in Porto
Rican, 42

Parasitic mushrooms. Two, 65
Parmelia subolivacea, 245
Parosela domingensis, i8
Parthenocissus vitacea, 149
Paspalum fimbriatum, 25
Pavonia racemosa, 16
Paxillus corrugatus, 252 ; involutus,
298 ; Lepista, 69
Pellaea andromedaefolia, 153
Peltandra virginica, 181
Peniophora cinerea, 295
Pennsylvania, A new species of Colus
from, 183

Peperomia, 23 ; hernandiflora, 23
Perichaena, 21 1; chrysosperma, 207;
depressa, 21 1 ; vermicularis, 206,
207

Peridermium, 314; coloradense, 154;

Ephedrae, 154; ribicola, 309-31 1
Peronospora, 74; Lepidii, 145; para-
sitica, 145
Peronosporales, 144
Peronosporites antiquarius, 75, 76
Peronosporoides, 76 ; palmi, 74,
75, 77, 79

Persea gratissima, 239, 242
Petalostemum oligophyllum, 151, 169;
purpureum, 169

Peziza, 236; Adae, 197; adnata, 235,
237; amplispora, 197; Barlaeana,
237; clypeata, 235, 236, 237; domi-
ciliana, 195, 196, 197 ; pallidula,

197; odorata, 197; orbicularis, 236,
237; regalis, 130; repanda, 195,
196, 197, 29s; repanda amplispora,
197; Stevensoniana, 197; varia f.
lignicola, 198; varia f. typica, 197
Pezizales, 150

Phacelia, 139; heterophylla, 147, 160,

17s

Phaeopezia Nuttallii, 95
Phaseolus vulgaris, 165
Philadelphus argyrocalyx, 152; ellip-
ticus, 152; microphyllus, 152
Philibertia veriflora, 161
Philippine fungi. Bibliography and
new species of, 253
Pholiota, 316; aegerita, 113; candi-
cans, S3

Phoma Lupini, 175
Photographs and descriptions of cup-
fungi — III. Peziza domiciliana and
Peziza repanda, 195 ; IV. Peziza
clypeata, 235

Phragmidium imitans, 135 : montiva-
gum, 133 ; occidentale, 133 ; Peck-
ianum, 133; Potentillae, 133; spe-
ciosum, 132

Index to Volume VIII

333

Phragmites, 128; communis, 127
Phyllachora Dasylirii, 148; graminis,
148 ; Trifolii, 148
Phyllanthus grandifolius, 24
Phylloporus rhodoxanthus, 298
Phyllosticta Atriplicis, 176; baccha-
ridis, 55; cruenta, 176; maurandiae,
55; medeolae, 55; oakesiae, 55;
pachysandrae, 55; raui, 55; rhex-
iae, 55; Symphoricarpi, 176
Physalacria inflata, 295
Physalis comata, 15 1; neomexicana,
169

Physalospora aurantia, 149
Physarella oblonga, 36
Physarum bogoriense, 206 ; brunneo-
lum, 35 ; caespitosum, 204 ; chryso-
trichum, 205 ; citrinellum, 204 ; co-
lumbinum, 201, 213; compactum,
200, 201, 213; compressum, 202;
cupriceps, 205 ; cupripes, 205 ; de-
cipiens, 206 ; dictyospermum, 35 ;
didermoides, 36, 204 ; flavicomum,
205 ; globuliferum, 35, 203, 205 ;
lateritium, 36, 204 ; melleum, 200 ;
murinum, 203 ; nutans, 36 ; pene-
trale, 35 ; Petersii, 205 ; polycepha-
lum, 35, 201 ; polycephalum var.
obrusseum, 201, 202, 203 ; pulcher-
rimum, 203, 209, 213; pulcherripes,
203, 205, 206; pusillum, 203; rubi-
ginosum, 36 ; sinuosum, 206 ; stra-
minipes, 36 ; vermiculare, 206 ; vi-
rescens, 202, 204, 213; viride, 35
Physopella Artocarpi, 17
Physotheca Halstedii, 145
Phytophthora cactorum, 109; infes-
tans, 145

Picea abies, 105; canadensis, 92; en-
gelmanni, 92; Parryana, 154; ru-
bens, 92 ; sitchensis, 92
Pilosace, 69; algeriensis, 65, 69-71
Pileolaria patzcuarensis, 156
P’nus contorta, 91; echinata, 91;
edulis, 309, 31 1 ; excelsa, 222; 1am-
bertiana, 91 ; monticola, 91 ; palu-
stris, 91; ponderosa, 91, 178; pun-
gens, 92; resinosa, 91; rigida, 91;
strobus, 92

Pinus ponderosa. Note on western
red rot in, 178
Piper, 23 ; hispidum, 42
Piperaceae, 23

Piptandenia macrocarpa, 20 ; pere-
grina, 20

Pisum sativum, 147, 148, 176
Placosphaeria celtidis, 55; cornicola,

lOI

Pleurotus albescens, 218; badius,
219; dimidiatus, 298; Eryngii, 114;
fulvifibrillosus, 219 ; geophilus,
2:8; petaloides, 252; phosphorous.

1 14; subelatinus, 218; subex-
cavatus, 219; subhaedinus, 218;
tremelliformis, 218
Plicaria repanda, 198
Plowrightia morbosa, 149; neomexi-
cana, 149

Pluteus cervinus, 313
Poa pratensis, 147
Poaceae, 16, 19, 21
Podosphaera Oxycanthae, 149
Podostemaceae, 19
Podostroma alutacea, 295
Pogonomyces hydnoides, 56, 314
Poinciana pulcherrima, 18
Poinsettia dentata, 168
Polemonium molle, 147; reptans, 137
Polygonum baxiforme, 147, 176 ; puc-
tata, 43 ; ramosissimum, 147
Polypodium, 44
Polyporaceae, 250, 296, 315
Polypores, A new genus of resupi-
nate, 56

Polyporus, 15; admirabilis, 7-12, 15;
amorphus, 52; ampliporus, 215;
arcularius, 173; argentatus, 215;
Berkeley!, 250; cinnabarinus, 251;
cinnamomeus, 251; Curtisii, 251;
destructor, 185; dichrous, 52; ele-
gans, 296; Ellisianus, 178; fagi-
cola, 296; flaccidus, 215; floccosus,
215; gilvus, 251; hirsutus, 251;
hispidus, 1 13 ; igniarius var. scaber,
214; lenziteus, 216; meyenii, 215;
pargamenus, 251; rimosus, 214;
robiniophilus, 251; sanguineus, 215;
semipileatus, 251 ; spumeus mali-
colus, 14, 15; tenuis, 217; tulipi-
ferus, 251; Underwoodii, 8, 9, ii,
15; varius, 9; versicolor, 5, 251;
xanthopus, 216; xanthosporus, 57
Polystictus, 214; acutus, 215; affinis,
216; bogoriensis, 214; cinnabari-
nus, 215; crassipes, 216; cupro-
nitens, 216; flabelliformis, 216;
floccosus, 215; luteus, 216; meye-
nii, 215; nephalodes, 216; perula,
216; pterygodes, 216; saccatus,
216; sanguineus, 215; xanthopus,
216

Polythelis Thalictri, 156
Polythrincium Trifolii, 177
Polytrichum commune, 294
Populus aurea, 153: bolleana, 301;
deltoides, 300, 306; nigra, 300,301,
305; virginiana,30i ; Wislizeni, 154
Poronidulus conchifer, 296
Porotheleum, 56
Porotheliaceae, 56
Porothelium, 56

Porto Rican parasitic fungi — II,

Studies in, 42

334

Mycologia

Porto Rico based on collections by
F. L. Stevens, Uredinales of, i6
Potentilla monspeliensis, 15s; stri-
gosa, IS5

Producing heart-rot of apple trees,
Fungi, 5

Prospodium bahamense, 18; plagio-
pus, 18

Prunulus, 218; Abramsii, 220; adi-
rondackensis, 220 ; alcaliniformis,
220 ; argillaceus, 220 ; atribrunneus,

220 ; atridiscus, 220 ; aurantiacus,
220 ; aurantiidiscus, 220 ; avella-
neigriseus, 220 ; avellaneous, 220 ;
brevipes, 220 ; caesiialbus, 220 ;
carbonicola, 220 ; cervinialbus, 220 ;
cinchonensis, 220 ; cinereiavellan-
eus, 220 ; collybiiformis, 220 ; cya-
neobasis, 298 ; farinaceus, 220 ;
flavicitrinus, 220 ; fuliginosus, 220 ;
fumosiavellaneus, 220 ; fusipes, 220 ;
gracillipes, 220 ; Grantii, 220 ; la-
tericius, 220 ; Leaianus, 298 ; lepio-
tiformis, 220 ; leucophaeus, 220 ;
longipes, 220 ; ludovicianus, 220 ;
magnus, 220 ; margarita, 220 ; mel-
leidiscus, 221 ; minutissimus, 221 ;
murinus, 221 ; myceliosus, 221 ; ni-
veipes, 221 ; occidentalis, 221 ;
ochraceicinereus, 221 ; paludicola,
221; parvulus, 221 ; pectinatus, 221 ;
plumbeibrunneus, 221 ; pubescens,

221 ; roseipallens, 221 ; roseolus,
221 ; rutilantiformis, 221 ; Sabali,
221; scabripes, 221; subfumosus,
221; subpulverulentus, 221; sub-
tenuipes, 221 ; syringeus, 221 ; ten-
uiculus, 221; testaceus, 221; tro-
janus, 221 ; viridigriseus, 221

Psathyrella disseminata, 54, 56, 252 ;
impatiens, 54

Pseudocymopterus montanus, 16 1
Pseudomonas Citri, 112
Pseudopeziza Medicaginis, 150
Pseudotsuga taxifoli^, 92
Psilopezia juruensis, 236, 237 ; num-
mularia, 235-238
Psilopeziza orbicularis, 237
Psoralea micrantha, 168
Ptelea, 136; trifoliata, 136, 141
Pteridium aquilinum, 165
Puccinia, 137; Absinthii, 156; Agro-
pyri, 128, 129, 132, 133, 138, 139,
141, 157; alternans, 132, 141, 157;
amphigena, 126, 127; angustata,

131, 132, 181; anomala, 139; apo-
crypta, 138; Artemisiae, 156;
Aristidae, 156; Asparagi, 156; As-
perifolii, 133, 141 ; atro-fusca, 156;
canaliculata, 25, 157; Cannae, 25;
Caricis-Asteris, 158; Caricis-Soli-

daginis, 158; Cenchri, 25; Cirsii,
157; Cladii, 19; Clematidis, 157;
Cordiae, 17; Cressae, 157; Crypt-
andri, 157; Cynodontis, 20; Del-
phinii, 157; Distichlidis, 136, 137,
141 ; Dulichii, 130, 140; emaculata,
127; Eleocharidis, 25; Ellisiana,
158; Epilobii-tetragoni, 158; Erio-
phori, 131, 132, 141 ; exitiosa, 18;
extensicola, 130, 140, 158; farina-
cea, 24; Gayophyti, 158; graminis,
161, i8i; Grindeliae, 158; Gross-
lulariae, 130, 141, 158; Helianthi,
158; hemispherica, 159; Huberi,
25; intermixta, 159; Jamesiana,
134. 159; Kelseyi, 136; Koeleriae,
159; lateritia, 25; levis, 25; lobata,
159; luxurians, 160; Magnusiana,
128; Menthae, 160; monoica, 160;
montanensis, 137, 138, 139, 141,

160; Muhlenbergiae, 160; obliter-
ata, 157; obtecta, 161 ; opulenta,
19; Oxalidis, 19; Philibertiae, 161;
plagiopus, :8; poculiformis, 161 ;
Prunispinosae, 16, 164; Pseudo-

cymopteri, 161 ; punctata, 161 ; pur-
purea, 16; Rhamni, 128; rubigo-
verae, 129; Scirpi, 16; Seymouri-
ana, 125, 130, 134, 135, 141 ;

Sherardiana, 162; simillima, 127,
128; simplex, 139; Sorghi, 162;
Spegazzinii, 19 ; Sphaeralceae, 162;
Spilanthis, 19; splendens, 162;
Stipae, 162; subnitens, 135, 141,
162; substriata, 25 ; Syndrellae, 25 ;
Taraxaci, 163; tosta, 160; trans-
formans, 18; tuberculans, 163; tu-
midipes, 136, 141, 163; uniporula,
130, 141 ; universalis, 163; Veratri,
163; Violae, 163; Windsoriae, 13s,
141 ; Xanthii, 17, 164
Pucciniastrum Agrimoniae, 164; Myr-
tilli, 164; pustulatum, 164
Pulsatilla hirsutissima, 171
Pustularia Stevensoniana, 198
Pycnoporus cinnabarinus, 296 ; san-
guineus, 56, 215
Pyrenomycetes, 98

Pyrola asarifolia, 154; chlorantha,
154; elliptica, 154; secunda, 154
Pyropolyporus conchatus, 296 ; Earlei,
174; igniarius, 174, 296; praeri-
mosus, 174

Pythium debaryanum, 313

Quercus, 176, 177, 315; undulata, 174

Ramularia decipiens, 177; delphinii,
55 : Grindeliae, 177; Lapsanae,

107; sambucina, 177

Index to Volume VIII

335

Ranunculus, 128; acris, 127, 128;

bulbosus, 128; sceleratus, 127, 128
Ratibida columnifera pulcherrima,
176

Ravenelia cassiaecola, 20 ; Cebil, 20 ;
Humphreyana, 18; mesilliana, 164;
papillifera, 18; portoricensis, 16;
versatilis, 164

Red rot in Pinus ponderosa, Note on
western, 178

Remarkable fossil fungi, 73
Resupinate polypores, A new genus
of, 56

Resupinatus subbarbatus, 56
Reticularia Lycoperdon, 40
Review of Kniep’s Beitrage zur
Kenntnis der Hymenomyceten, III,
184

Rhamnus cathartica, 128; Purshiana,
128

Rhizoctonia, 314 ; Crocorum, 314 ; So-
lani, 314

Rhizopus nigricans, 313
Rhus diversiloba, 106; Toxicoden-
dron, 106

Ribes, 31 1, 314; Cynosbati, 130, 141;
floridum, 130; grossularia, 311;
inebrians, 176, 31 1; leptanthum,

309, 31 1 ; longiflorum, 130; longi-
folium, 309,311; mescalerium, 311 ;
pumilum, 31 1; purpusii, 31 1; san-
guineum, 104; valicola, 31 1 ; Wolfii,

151

Rigidoporus surinamensis, 56, 314
Rinodina angelica, 245
Rosa, 43, 100, iss; Fendleri, 152,
iSS : Maximilian!, 155; pecosensis,

152

Rosen, H. R., A known species of
smut on a new host, 225
Rostkovites granulatus, 53
Rot in Pinus ponderosa. Note on
western red, 178
Rubacer parviflorum, 155
Rudbeckia laciniata, 168
Rubiaceae, 16
Rubus arizonicus, 155
Rumex crispus, 177
Russula, 121, 122, 183, 299, 312; bi-
fida, 298 ; brunneola, 298 ; chamae-
leontina, 298; compacta, 123; crus-
tosa, 252 ; delica, 121, 124 ; emetica,
298, 299; flava, 122, 183, 298;

flavida, 122 ; foetens, 252, 299 ;

foetentula, 315; fragiliformis,
312; furcata, 123; granulata, 299;
lactea, 252 ; lutea, 122 ; Mariae,
299; nigricans, 124; obscura, 123;
ochroleuca, 299 ; pectinata, 299 ;
stricta, 299; subfragilis, 312; su-

busta, 299; uncialis, 299; vires-
cens, 122, 192
Rynchospora, 225

Saccharum officinalis, 42
Salix, 153; amygdaloides, 153; Beb-
biana, 153; exigua, 154; Fendler-
iana, 154; irrorata, 154; lasiandra,
154; nigra, 154; petrophila, 154;
Watsoni, 154; Wrightii, 153
Salsola pestifer, 162
Salvia coccinea, 24
Sambucus mexicana, 177; microbo-
trys, 177

Saprolegnia Kauffmaniana, 108
Sauvagesia erecta, 23
Schizophyllum commune, 5
Schizophyllus alneus, 56, 299
Schmaltzia Emoryi, 156; schmide-
lioides, 156

Schroeteriaster fenestrala, 24
Scirpus, 13 1 ; americanus, 161; fluvi-
atilis, 129; lacustris, 16
Scitamineae, 19
Scleria canescens, 24
Scleroderma aurantium, 299 ; vul-
gare, 315

Sclerotites brandonianus, 75
Sclerotium Opuntiarum, 224
Scolochloa festucacea, 128
Scutiger Whiteae, 53
Seaver, Fred J., Fink’s Ascomycetes
of Ohio, 57 ; North American spe-
cies of Ascodesmis, i ; Photographs
and descriptions of cup-fungi — III.
Peziza domiciliana and Peziza re-
panda, 195, IV. Peziza clypeata,
23s ; The earth-inhabiting species
of Ascobolus, 93

Sebacina, 316; atrata, 316; chloras-
cens, 316; cinnamomea, 316; mon-
ticola, 316; plumbea, 316; Shearii,
316

Secale cereale, 141

Senecio, 131 ; aureus, 132, 141 ; caca-
liaefolius, 131 ; ductoris, 132; pa-
luster, 13 1

Septobasidium laxum, no
Septogloeum, 106

Septoria, 106; adenocaulonis, 103;
angularis, 103 ; Chrysanthemi,
104; darlingtoniae, 55; emaculata,
176; erythraceae, 55; Lapparum,
103; lupincola, 103; Lupini, 104;
Macrosporia, 104; Pisi, 176;
Polygonorum, 176; Ribis, 176;
Rudbeckiae, 176; sanguinea, 104;
tinctoria, 55; Toxicodendri, 105
Sequoia washingtoniana, 91
Sida, 44; hederacea, 161, 162
Simblum sphaerocephalum, 36

336

Mycologia

Sitanion, 138; elymoides, 138
Slum cicutaefolium, 129
Smilax, 127; hispida, 127
Smut on a new host, A known spe-
cies of, 225
Solanaceae, 150
Solanum tuberosum, 145
Solidago, 130; canadensis, 103, 130,
140; fumosa, 103; juncea, 99; lati-
folia, 103; Pitcheri, 158, 162
Some Kentucky fungi, 249
Sophia incisa, 144, 145, 160, 162;

ochroleuca, 145
Sophora sericea, 166
Sorghum halapense, 16; ofificinarum,
16; vulgare, 16
Sorosporium contortum, 170
South America, Myxomycetes from,
34

Spartina, 125, 128, 134, 137: cyno-
suroides, 134, 141 ; gracilis, 136;
Michauxiana, 134, 141
Species of Ascobolus, The earth-
inhabiting, 93

Species of Ascodesmis, North Ameri-
can, I

Species of fungi. New or noteworthy,
98

Species of smut on a new host, A
known, 225

Spermacoce riparia, 25
Sphaeralcea angustifolia, 161 ; are-
naria, 162; Fendleri, 162; incana,
162; lobata, 161, 162; marginata,
162

Sphaeriales, 145
Sphaeropsidales, 175
Sphaeropsis lineata, 10 1
Spilanthes oleracea, 19
Spiraea Menziesii, 98, 100, 102—104
Spondias mombin, 239, 242
Spongipellis fissilis, 14, 15: galacti-
nus, 14, IS

Sporobolus airoides, 160; asperifo-
lius, 160, 170; cryptandrus, 157,

172; utilis, 160; virginicus, 24
Spumaria licheniformis, 204
Stachys scopulorum, 147
Stagonospora Physocarpi, 103 ; Spi-
raeae, 103

Standley, Paul C., Fungi of New
Mexico, 142

Steironema, 136, 137; ciliatum, 137,
141 ; Michauxiana, 137
Stemonitis dictyospora, 38, 39, 210,
213; digitata, 208; ferruginea, 39:
fusca, 38, 208, 210; fusca var. dic-
tyospora, 38 ; fusca var. rufescens,
38; fusca var. trechispora, 213;
herbatica, 39 ; maxima, 208 ; por-
phyra, 208, 209, 213; splendens.

39; splendens var. Webberi, 39;
tenerrima, 209 ; trechispora, 38, 39,
209, 213

Stemphylium nemopanth.es, 107
Stenolobium Stans, 18
Stenorrhynchus lanceolatus, 21
Stereum bicolor, 56; elegans, 314:
fasciatum, 250 ; lobatum, 56, 295 ;
rugosum, 295 ; sericeum, 295
Stevens, Uredinales of Porto Rico
based on collections by F. L., 16
Stipa Vaseyi, 172

Strobilomyces strobilaceus, 251, 296
Stropharia, 69 ; coprinophila, 69 ;

semiglobata, 299; stercoraria, 174
Strophostyles, 165

Studies in Porto Rican parasitic
fungi — II, 42

Sturgis, William C., Notes on the
Myxomycetes of the Curtis Her-
barium, 199; Myxomycetes from
South America, 34
Sugar cane, Marasmius on, 115
Suillellus luridus, 297, 299
Sumstine, David R., A new species
of Coins from Pennsylvania, 183
Symphoricarpos oreophilus, 176; ro-
tundifolius, 148
Synchytrium fulgens, 144

Tapesia fusca, 295
Taraxacum Taraxacum, 163
Tecoma lepidota, 18; Leucoxylon,
18; Stans, 18

Teramnus uncinatus, 16, 45
Tests on the durability of American
woods — I. Flask tests on conifers.
Laboratory, 80
Tetranychus telarius, 107
Thalictrum, 133; dioicum, 132, 141 ;

Fendleri, 132, 133, 156, 157
Thecaphora deformans, 170
Thelephora anthocephala, 250; mag-
nispora, 53; palmata, 250; Schwei-
nitzii, 250; vialis, 313
Thelephoraceae, 52, 230
Thuja occidentalis, 91; plicata, 91
Thyridium ceanothi, 55
Tidestromia lanuginosa, 144
Tilia, 315

Tilletia asperifolia, 170
Tilmadoche columbina, 200, 213
Tithymalus, 168; chamaesula, 151;
luridus, 15 1

Tolysporella Nolinae, 170
Trametes acutus, 215; carnea, 251;
cubensis, 314; limitata, 173; Pini,
178, 222

Tranzschelia punctata, 16, 164
Tremella albida, 250; lutescens, 295
Tremellaceae, 250

Index to Volume VIII

337

Tremellales, 295

Tremellodendron, 316; pallidum, 250 ;

simplex, 316; tenue, 316
Tremellodon gelatinosum, 295
Trianthema Portulacastrum, 145
Trichamphora oblonga, 207
Trichia, 211; affinis, 41 ; Botrytis, 41,
211; Botrytis var. lateritia, 213;
Botrytis var. munda, 41 ; decipiens,
41; favoginea, 41; persimilis, 41;
serpula, 207; verrucosa, 41
Tricholoma imbricatum, 186
Trichosphaeria breviseta, 99
Trichothecium roseum, 177
Tricuspis seslerioides, 141
Tridens flavus, 135, 141
Trifolium Fendleri, 148; repens, 18,
148, 177; Rydbergii, 149
Triticum vulgare, 161
Tsuga canadensis, 91 ; heterophylla,
91; mertensiana, 91
Tubercularia vulgaris, 177
Tubifera ferruginosa, 40, 212; stipi-
tata, 212, 213

Two parasitic mushrooms, 65
Tylopilus felleus, 297, 299 ; gracilis,
297

Tylostoma, 56; fimbriatum, 175; gra-
cile, 17s; pedunculatum, 175
Tyromyces chioneus, 296 ; Ellisianus,
178: guttulatus, 296; semipileatus.
296

Ulmus a.mericana, 102
Uncinula necator, 149 ; polychaeta,
149

Uredinales, 150

Uredinales of Porto Rico based on
collections by F. L. Stevens, 16
Uredineae in 1915, Cultures of, 125
Uredinopsis Pteridis, 165
Uredo Anthephorae, 19; Anthurii, 22 ;
Artocarpi, 17, 26; Cordiae, 17; fe-
nestrala, 24 ; globulosa, 22 ; Gua-
cae, 21; Gymnogrammes, 25; gy-
nandearum, 18 ; Hameliae, 23;
Heliconiae, 19; Kaernbachii, 21;
Olyrae, 21; Peperomiae, 23; Pi-
peris, ^3; pustulata, 21; Sauvage-
siae, 23; superior, 17; venustula,
21 ; Wilsoni, 19

Urocystis Agropyri, 170; Anemones,
171

Uromyces, 136, 137, 139; albus, 165;
appendiculatus, 165 ; Archerianus,
129, 165; Astragali, 165; Bidentis,
25 ; caryophilinus, 181 ; Cologaniae,
16; compactus, 163; Eriogoni, 166;
Fabae, 166; Gentianae, 166; Gly-
cyrrhizae, 166; Hordei, 139-141;
Howei, 16; hyalinus, 166 ; ignobilis.

24; Limonii, 167; Medicaginis, 18,
167; mysticus, 167; occidentalis,
167; Pavoniae, 16; Peckianus, 129;
plumbarius, 167; proeminens, 25,
167; Psoraleae, 168; Rudbeckiae,
168; Scirpi, 129; Scleriae, 241;
Silphii, 168; Spartinae, 136; speci-
osus, 168; Trifolii, 18; Tranz-
schelii, 168

Uropyxis Amorphae, 168 ; Petaloste-
monis, 169; sanguinea, 169; Woot-
oniana, 169
Ustilaginales, 169

Ustilago Avenae, 17 1 ; bromivora,

171 ; Buchloes, 171 ; calcara, 17:;
Hieronymi, 171; Hilariae, 172;
Hordei, 172; hypodytes, 172; levis,
172; Muhlenbergiae, 172; Zeae,

172

Vaccinium oreophilum, 164
Vaginata, 234 ; albocreata, 232 ; plum-
bea, 299 ; plumbea strangulata, 299
Vagnera amplexicaulis, 176
Venenarius, 231, 234; Frostianus,

299 ; glabriceps, 232, 233 ; mus-
carius, 299; pantherinus, 233;
phalloides, 123, 232, 233, 299; ru-
bens, 299; solitarius, 231, 299
Venturia Dichiei, 149
Veratum speciosum, 163
Verbena Macdougalii, 147, 148
Vernonia albicaulis, 24
Verrucaria plumbaria, 245
Vicia americana, 163, i66
Viola canadensis, 163; nephrophylla,
163; pedatifida, 138
Volvaria bombycina, 63 ; hypopitys,
66; Loweiana, 63-68, 71; media,
67; parvula, 67; parvula var. major,
66 ; plumulosa, 66, 67, 71 ; pusilla,
67 ; umbonata, 67 ; villosa-volva, 67

Western red rot in Pinus ponderosa.
Note on, 178

Woods — I. Flask tests on conifers,
Laboratory tests on the durability
of American, 80

Xanthium commune, 164; longiros-
tere, 17

Xanthoporia, 36; Andersoni, 37
Ximenesia exauriculata, 143, 148
Xylaria Hypoxylon, 293 ; polymorpha,
295

Xylometron sanguineum, 213

Young, Esther, Studies in Porto Ri-
can parasitic fungi — II, 42
Yucca macrocarpa, 146

Zygophyllidium bilobatum, 168

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