THE LIBRARY

OF

THE UNIVERSITY
OF CALIFORNIA

LOS ANGELES

INDEX

OF THE

Mycological Writings

OF

C. G. LLOYD.

VOL. V.

1916-1919.

CINCINNATI, OHIO, U.S.A.

ARRANGEMENT.

(Binding is advised in this order.)

Index Vol. V.

Mycological Notes Nos. 42-60.

The Genus Radulum, May, 1917.

The Geoglossaceae, May, 1916.

Synopsis Genera Large Pyrenomycetes, January, 1917.

Large Pyrenomycetes (2nd Paper), July, 1919.

Xylaria Notes No. 1, September, 1918.

Xylaria Notes No. 2, December, 1918.

Myths of Mycology, December, 1917.

Letters Nos. 62-69.

Missing numbers to complete sets will be sent as long as the
supply lasts, on request to the Lloyd Library, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Missing numbers will only be sent, however, to the exchanges of
the Lloyd Library, to those who supply specimens for study, or
those who for some other reason we think are entitled to them.

ABBREVIATIONS

The following abbreviations are used in the Index :

M. N. — Mycological Notes (number and page).

Let. — Letters (number and note).

Geog. — Geoglossaceae (page).

Rad. — Genus Radulum (page).

Xyl. — Xylaria Notes (page).

Pyr. — Large Pyrenomycetes (page).

Myths — Myths of Mycology (page).

Syn. — After a species indicates that the name in my opinion
is a synonym and without value. The species, however, is not
necessarily a synonym in its proper genus.

Miss. — After a species indicates a mis-determination.

398415

PERSONAL.

Ames, Frank H., Portrait JJ. N. 51

Atkinson, Geo. F., Portrait M. N. 5V

Burt, Edward A., Portrait M. N . 4/

Cleland, Dr. J. Burton, Portrait M. N. 48

Dearness, John, Portrait M. N. 55

Durand, Elias T, Portrait Geoglossaceae

Fairman, Dr. Chas. E., Portrait M. N. 60

Fries Natal Species Let- ™

Hariot, Paul 1 1 M. N. 60, 876

Karsten, P. A,. Portrait M. N. 50

Kauffman, C. H., Portrait M. N. 46

Kauffman, C. H., Agaricaceae of Michigan,

Let. 69; M. N. 60, 862

Lister, Arthur, Portrait M. N. 58

Lloyd, C. G M. N. 60, 876; Let. 68, 731

Macbride, Thos. H., Portrait M. N. 54

Massee, George Let. 65, 568

Morris, Geo. E., Portrait M. N. 43

Murrill, Wm. A M. N. 42, 585

Over-holts, L. O M. N. 42, 586

Ramsbottom, J., Portrait M. N. 57

Rex, Geo. A., Portrait M. N. 56

Rick, Rev. J., Portrait M. N. 53

Ricken, A., Blatterpilze Let. 63, 500

Saccardo, P. A., Portrait M. N. 52

Schweinitz, L. O. von. Portrait M. N. 44

Seaver, Fred J., Portrait M. N. 42

Spegazzini, Carolus, Portrait M. N. 49

Thaxter, Roland. Portrait M. N. 45

MISCELLANEOUS.

Advertisements, value of Let. 68, 730

Baeomyces roseus M. N. 54, 773, fig. 'l!63

Fungus, curious M. N. 55, 789, fig. 1 185

Fungus indeterminable Let 63 480

Kaiser, a rival .'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.' .'Let 66,' 643

Myths, comments on M j^ 54 779

New species ..'.'.. '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.U. N. 49, 692

olyporus, unnamed species Let 62 447

STu0 iCnata M.' N.' 48, '682, fig. 'l018

Ihelebolus hgnicola M. N. 52, 737, fig 1103

\\ hite ants' nests M. N. 42, 584, fig. 825 ; Let 65 550

Index of Mycological Writings.

AGARICACEAE.

Cfr. M. N. 58, 816

. .M. N. 58, 815, fig. 1358

M.N. 58,816

M. N. 58, 816

. . M. N. 53, 762, fig. 1144
...M. N. 47, 66 1, fig. 949
M. N. 47, 662

.... Let. 68, 729

Campanella
agaricina .
cucullata ..
purpurea .
pustulata .

Cantharellus
clavatus . .
pallidus ...
partitus . .

Coprinus
picaceus . .

Cortinarius

Berlesianus (bull) Myths 16

Lentinus
chordalis .... M. N. 58, 823, fig. 1377

Cyathus, syn M. N. 47, 666

dealbatus Let. 65, 555

fasciatus.. .M. N. 55, 796, fig. 1199

flavidus, syn M. N. 47, 666

Guaraniticus Let. 65, 508

radicosus, syn M. N. 47, 666

rivulosus . . . M. N. 57, 840, fig. 1401

scleroticola, syn M. N. 47, 666

squarrosulus Let. 69, 795

tuber-regium M. N. 47, 666,

fig. 959; Let. 68, 740
syn M. N. 47, 666

Woermann:
Lenzites
albida. syn.
Beckleri...
betulina .

Let. 69, 759

M. N. 56, 805, fig. 1253
. M. N. 59, 852, fig. 1427

corrugata Let. 69, 759

discolor, syn Let. 69, 759

Earlei, syn M. N. 50, 709

glabra M. X. 56, 8n, fig. 1264

Guineensis. . .M. X. 45, 626, fig. 890

Japonica Let. 69, 790

repanda Let. 62, 437

saepiaria Let. 65, 566

sinensis, syn Let. 66, 623

styracina.. .M. N. 59, 860, fig. 1443

subferruginea M. N. 53, 762,

fig. 1145, 1146

tenuis M. N. 50, 709, fig. 1061

trabea Let. 62, 424

tricolor Let. 66, 623

ungulaformis M. N. 56. 811,

. fig- 1265

viahs, syn Let. 62, 424

zonata, syn Let. 69, 759

Naucoria

arvalis. . Let. 68, 721; M. N. 51, 722
(as scleroticola) fig. 1078;
M. N. 50, 708 (scleroti-
um) fig. 1059.

scleroticola, syn Let. 68, 721

tuberosa, syn Let. 68, 721

Panus

levis, syn M. N. 52, 746

strigosus M. X. 52, 746,

fig. 1 120, 1121 ; Let. 67, 691
tahitensis Let. 68, 718

Paxillus

aureus M. X. 43, 595, fig. 837

Pleurotus

sapidus. . . .M. X. 54, 776, fig. 1171

Polyphleps

chloroleucus, syn....M. X. 58, 815

Rimbachia

cyphelloides M. X. 56, 802,

fig- 1245

paradoxa M. X. 56, 803

pezizoidea. . M. X. 58, 817, fig. 1362
vitellina. . . . M. X. 56, 803, fig. 1247

Stropharia

tuberosa. . .M. X. 53, 751, fig. 1125

Tricholoma

Shiitake Let. 68, 714

POLYPORUS (STIPITATE).

Polyporus

Albertinii Let. 67, 662

antilopus. . . M. X. 56, 810, fig. 1263

aquosus, syn Let. 69, 796

arcularius Let. 63, 476

auriscalpium Let. 69, 773

Berkeleyi.Let. 63, 466; Let. 66, 627
Boucheanus (sense of Berke-
ley) syn Let. 66, 646

bruneolus Let. 65. 572

calcigenus Let. 68, 747

camerarius Cfr. M. X. 56, 812

capensis Let. 63, 459

Let 66 638

Chuling, syn

. . Let. 63, 498

conjunctus. .
Cowellii, syn
cristatus. . . .
Curtisii. .....
discoideus. .
dispansus. . .
dorsalis. . . . J
Let
formosissimi

fornicatus . . .

M. X. 56

'll. N'. 47.
. 68, 745
s

. . . Cfr.

812, fig. 1266
M. X. 46 647
. . Let. 66, 624
. Let. 66, 597
. Let. 69, 796
.Let. 66, 621
658, fig. 939;
; Let. 69, 799
Let. 63, 481;
Let. 68, 745
M. X. 47. 6;8

INDEX OF MYCOLOGICAL WRITINGS

fractipes, syn M. N . 56. &°5

fusco-maculatus. syn . . Let. 09, 796

globocephalus M. X. 46. 652,

fig- 932

Goetzii Let. 66. 582

Gossweilerii Let. 67, 678

grammicola Let. 66, 587

Grantii M. X. 53. 763, fig- 1 147

graveolens Let. 68, 726

Greenii M. X. 57, 843. fig- 1410

griseus Let. 62, 438

guaraniticus Let. 63, 483

Henningsii, syn M. X. 45. 627

hispidus Cfr. Let. 67, 662

humilis M. X. 56, 805. fig. 1252

infulgens M. X. 47. 656, fig. 938

inopinus M. X. 56. 802, fig. 1244

lentinoides Let. 69. 796

lentus Let. 68, 744

lenzitoides Let. 69. 796

leptopus Cfr. M. X. 45, 627

leucomelas Let. 62, 438

lucidus M. X. 47, 662, fig. 951 ;

cfr. M. X. 47, 658; Let. 63. 459;

65, 520; 65, 560; 67. 694; 69, 799

megaloporus M. X. 48, 684,

fig. 1024; Let. 68, 710

meleagris Let. 69, 797 i

Murrillii...M. X. 59, 857, fig. 1438 ;
myclodes. . . M. X. 54, 773. fig. 1164

myclodes, syn M. X. 54, 773

obniger M. X. 45, 632. fig. 901

oregonensis Let. 67, 695

osseus Cfr. M. X. 53, 763 ,

palensis, syn M. X. 56, 811

pallido-sporus Let. 63. 492 |

Peckianus Let. 62, 429

picipes Let. 66, 638

perturbatus Let. 68, 745

poculus.. . .M. X. 4;. 624, fig. 886:

Let. 68, 701

praeguttulatus Let. 69, 796

renidens Let. 68, 745

Rhipidium Let. 65, 532

rosettus M. X. 43, 601, fig. 859

rubidus Let. 65, 571

rubritinctus Let. 65, 573

rudis Let. 68, 739

rugosissimus M. X. 59, 855,

fig- 1431
rugosus Cfr. Let. 68, 739;

Let. 66. 593

salebrosus.M. X. 56. 807, fig. 1257;
M. X. 49, 693; Let. 67, 683

Sprucei Let. 68, 746

squamosus... Cfr. M. X. 54, 773;

Let. 65, 557

subrenatus Cfr. M. X. 56, 802

tristiculus Cfr. M. X. 45, 633

trulliformis Cfr. Let. 69. 773;

Let. 69. 806

Tuberaster Let. 67, 663

udus Let. 69. 796

umbellatus Let. 63, 498

umbraculus. . M. X. 45, 627. fig. 891
unitus ...... M. X. 49, 699, fig. 1045

Vanderystii.M. X. 53. 758. fig. 1137
Vera-Crucis (miss)..M. X. 59, 857

vibecinus Cfr. M. X. 56, 81 1

violaceo-cinerascens.. .Let. 69, 785

Zelleri. svn M. X. 53, 763

Zenkeri '. Cfr. M. X. 53- 759

POLYSTICTUS (STIPITATE).
Polystictus

affinis Let. 68. 755 :

affinis-concinnus M. X. 44, 618,

fig- 877

Japonica (as var.)...M. X. 45.
Lahorensis (as var. )..Let. 65,

arenicola.. ..M. X. 46. 651, fig. 930 !

arenicolor Cfr. M. X. 46, 651 !

Baurii M. X. 49. 698, fig. 1043

brachypus Let. 65, 570

brunneo-maculatus,

Cfr. Let. 69, 772

cinnamomeus Let. 65 526 '

cinerescens Let.' 65,' 580

Clemensiae Let. 65. 574 I

Didnchsenii Let. 65. 569 '

flabelliformis M. X. 45 623 j

fusco-zonatus Let. 69,' 772

gallopavonis Let. 65, 575

glabratus....M. X. 45. 626, fig. 889

lignicolor. . . M. X. 49, 696, fig.
luteus ................ Let. 68,

melanopilus. syn Let. 68,

meleagris Let. 65,

modestus Let. 65,

Montagnei Cfr. M. X. 46

murinus Let. 65,

pterygodes (miss). . .M. X. 45.

rigidus M. X. 44.

scopulosus.M. X. 57, 843, fig.

Thwaitesii Let. 65,

vibecinus M. X* 49

vittatus Let. 65,'

xanthopus-concinnus,

M. X. 44, 618. fig.

623
526

1039
755
755
577
570

, 652
576
623
613

1411

876

Fomes
applanatus.

australis.. .
Bakeri.. .

FOMES.

••Let. 65, 545;

Let. 69, 807

- . . Let. 69. 807

••Let. 65, 528

cal

nosus Let. 69. 794 ;

Let. 67, 674
cinereus..Let 65, 534: Let. 65, 565

Clelandn Let. 68 705

cuneatus M. X 50 714

INDEX OF MYCOLOGICAL WRITINGS

dependens. . . .
floccosus, syn .
fomentarius. . .
fulvo-umbrinus
gibbosus. . .M.

. . Cfr. Let. 65, 546
Let. 67, 664
Let. 63, 503
, syn. . . Let. 63, 489
N. 59, 859, fig. 1441
Let 65 537

hemitephrus. . .

hornodermus..
Let.
igniarius

Let. 65, 516;
Let. 67, 657
Let. 66, 599;
67,657; Let. 68, 735
Let 63 503

Juniperinus. . .
Kermes
lamaoensis

Let. 66, 640
........ Let. 67, 656
Let 65 559'

malvenus
marginatus.M.
martius
melanoporus .
Meliae
nontostus, syn
ochroleucus ..

Let. 69, 793
Let. 66, 594
N. 54, 775, fig- u68
Let. 65. 516
Let. 65, 534
Let. 69, 812
Let. 68, 736
M. N. 50,714,
fig. 1070

Ohiensis Let. 65, 554;

Let. 62, 439; Let. 68, 748

olivaceus, syn Let. 65, 565

perlevis Let. 69, 798

pinicola Cfr. M. N. 54, 775

pseudosenex Let. 65. 546

pyrrhocreas Let. 67, 656

rheicolor Cfr. Let. 66, 610

Robinsoniae, syn Let. 62, 420

robustus Let. 65, 528

roseotubulus Let. 67, 674;

roseus Let. 62, 435

senex Cfr. Let. 65, 546

setulosus. .M. N. 50, 713, fig. 1069;
Let. 67, 667

squarrosus, syn Let. 67, 667;

62, 420
sulcatus. syn.. Let. 66, 599; 68, 735

Thwaitesii, syn Let. 65, 579

tornatus, juggle Let. 69, 807

turbinatus, syn Let. 65, 554

velutinosus, syn Let. 66, 642

POLYPORUS (APUS).

Polypcrus

agrocuticularis, syn.. ..Let. 67, 661
albidus. .Let. 63, 477; M. N. 48, 679

alboluteus Let. 67, 686

albospongia Let. 68, 709

altocedronensis Let. 68, 709

alutaceus Let. 65, 527

Amygdalinus Let. 63, 495 ;

Let. 67, 690
anceps. . M. X. 47, 655, fig. 933, 934;

Let. 63, 499

Armitii. syn Let. 66, 647

atrohispidus . M. N. 58, 823, fig. 1376

.M. N. 51, 731,
fig. 1099
..Let. 66, 591
. . . Let. 66, 609
. . . Let. 65, 509
. . . Let. 63, 499
. . .Let. 63, 501
. . . Let. 62, 422
. . . Let. 67, 659
..Let. 68, 734;
66. 616 (error)
conchatus. .M. N. 49, 700, fig. 1048

conchoides • • • • Let. 62, 450

corruscans Let. 63, 472 ;

Let. 67, 688

crispellus Let. 63, 499

Curreyanus, syn Let. 67, 672

dichrous Let. 62, 450

dissitus Let. 67, 672

dryadeus.Let. 63, 453; Let. 69, 776

Elmeri Let. 66, 616 (error)

eucalyptorum Let. 67. 654

fissilis M. N. 56, 810

fumoso-olivaceus Let. 69, 792

atrostrigosus

aureus

australiensis. . .
bataviensis, syn

cerifluus

cervinus, syn. .
cingulatus, syn

citreus

Clemensiae ....

fusco-velutinus Let. 67, 661

fuscus M. N. 59, 859

gilvus..Let. 65, 537; Let. 68, 737;
Let. 66, 630

glorneratus Let. 65, 512;

cfr. Let. 66, 592
.... Let. 68, 754

griseo-durus . .

hispidus

inamoenus

induratus

introfuscus. . .

..Let. 69, 777
• • • Let. 65, 537
... Let. 68. 743
. Let. 69, 787

isidioides, syn Let. 66, 631

labyrinthicus, syn...M. N. 51, 724

laetus ......

lateritius. . . .

lenis ........

lignosus .....

ludovicianus.

Manilaensis.

Mollerianus. M. N. 47, 660. fig. 944

mollis ................ Let. 67, 687

obtusus .............. Let. 69, 81 1

ochrolaccatus ......... Let. 63, 465

ochroleucns .......... Let. 62 439;

Let. 68, 748; M. N. 50, 714
osseus .............. M. N. 58, 819

. Cfr. Let. 67, 656
. . . .Let. 67, 656

Let. 68, 706

Let. 67, 682

Let. 67, 661

.Let. 68, 754

ossiculus
ostreiformis
paluster..M. N.

M. N. 58, 819
Let. 68, 754
679, fig. 1014;
Let. 65. 515
Let. 68, 738

Patonillardii

perplexus, syn ....... M. N. 53, 755

pertusus. . .M. N. 58, 827, fig. 1383
polychromus ......... Let. 68, 741

profissilis. .M. N. 56, 810, fig. 1262
pubertatis ............ Let. 65, 517;

Let. 69, 804

INDEX OF MYCOLOGICAL WRITINGS

radiatus

Radula

rheades....M. X.

robiniophila

rubidus •

rusticus. . . . M. X.

rutilans

Schulzeri

scruposus

secernibilis

semilaccatus

setiger M. X

smaragdinus

stereoides

stipticus

.... Let. 62, 425
.... Let. 67, 652
53- 755, fig- II29

Let. 63, 455

Let. 68, 734

53- 751, fig. 1 124

Let. 67, 658

Let. 69, 811

....Let. 66, 631

Let. 69. 788

....Let. 63. 486;
Let. 63. 493
. 58. 823. fig. 1375,
Let. 68, 704
..M. X. 58. 819.
fig- 1365

Let. 63. 501

Let. 63. 499

straminea, syn Let. 69, 786

suaderis M. N. 59, 859, fig. 1442

sublilacinus, syn Let. 65, 563

submurinus Let. 66. 608

substygius Let. 62, 448

terebrans Let. 63, 491

tsunodae.. .M. X. 55- 792, fig- U93

ursinus Let. 67, 687

velutinosus Let. 66, 642

vinosus M. X*. 47, 660

volvatus Let. 67. 689:

M. N. 47. 661, fig. 948

vulpinus (miss) M. X. 42. 580

\Vahlbergii, syn Le^t. 66. 630

\Yilsonianus : M. X". 55, 787.

fig. 1182, Let. 69.803
Xerophyllaceus, syn . . . Let. 63. 462

POLYSTICTUS (APUS).

Polystictus

abietinus Let. 69, 757

adustus....M. X. 49- 695. fig- 1038
anomalous.. M. X. 55, 791, fig- "90

azureus Let. 68. 713

badius Let. 67, 666

balsameus Let. 65, 533

biformis M. X. 42. 580. fig. 817

bruneo-albus, syn . . . . M. X. 47, 664

bruneo-leucus M. X. 47, 664

fig. 954: Let. 69. 80 1

byrsinus cfr. M. X. 59, 856

caesio-glaucus Let. 68, 713

cervino-gilvus .... Cfr. Let. 67, 680

cladophorus M. X*. 55,

fig-

cladotrichus M. X'. 50.

..Let. 62.

coccineus

conchifer

conglomerus . . .

corrugatus

crocatiformis. . .

cryptomeniae

..Let. 63.
. . M. X. 50
fig-

....Let. 65
-M. X. 59.
fig.
• M.X.53,

790,
1189
704
440
461
706
1056
.523
856.
M33

I1O"

cuneatus . . . M. X. 43, 600. fig
M. X. 53

dialeptus.. M. X. 51, 729 fig.
Drummondii (miss)..M. X. 50

Dybowskii Let. 67

elongatus Let. 67,

Fehpponei. . M. X. 57. 842. fig.

hmbriatus, syn M. X. 50,

5?v"s Let. 67,'

Formosae...M. X. 45,632. fig.
Fnesti....Let. 69. 765: Let. 62.

glabratus M. X. 45

Hanotianus. syn M. X 50

helveolus.Let. 63, 458: Let. 66
heteromorphus. syn ... Let. 62
nexagoniformis, syn.M. X. 59

,764
1095
, 704
,677
696
1409
704
680
899
449
626
704
605

hexagonoides M. X. 58. 820,

fig- 1371

hirteHus M. X. 51, 724. fig. 1079

hirsutus Let. 66, 625

imbricatus. .M. X. 55, 791, hg. 1191

luteo-olivaceus M. X*. 51, 732

(stipitate forms)

maximus M. X. 51, 724

Meyenii (as obstinatus),

M. X. 51, 723

nebularis Let. 69, 764

obstinatus. syn M. N. 51. 723;

Let. 67, 669

ochraceo-stuppeus Let. 63, 464

ochraceus Let. 67, 651

oniscus Let. 62, 449

orientalis Let. 66, 622

pallido-cervinus, syn. . M. X. 42, 581
pallido-fulvellus. syn . M. X. 42, 581

Parishii Let. 69. 762

pellucidus (error) Let. 65. 553

pergamenus Let. 65. 536

phaeus M. X. 48, 481, fig. 1016

pinsitus M. X. 57, 841. fig. 1405

planus . . . . ! cfr. M. X*. 47, 664,

Let. 69, 801

platypilus. syn Let. 65, 523

polyzonus Let. 63. 488

sanguineus Let. 62. 440

Sequoiae, syn M. X. 53. 764:

M. X. 43. 600

smuosus M. X. 45. 626. fig. 888

Spegazzini. syn M. X. 50. 704

stereoides . . . M. X. 53. 760, fig. 1 143
subchartaceus. syn.... Let. 65. 536

torridus Let. 67. 670

venustus. syn M. X. 50. 704

versatilis. .M. X. 50. 703. fig. 1049.
1050: Let. 69, 767: Let. 68, 749

versicolor Let. 63. 474

versipora Let. 66. 581

villosus (miss) M. X. 50, 704

INDEX OF MYCOLOGICAL WRITINGS

MISCELLANEOUS POLYPOROIDS.

villosus (syn.) M. X'. 57, 841

Cyclomyces

Greenii M. X". 45, 633, fig. 902 ;

cfr. M. X. 57, 843

Javanicus, syn M. X. 45, 633

turbinatus. syn M. X. 45, 633

Daedalea

albida, syn Let. 62, 423

ambigua Let. 62, 437

Eatonii. . .Let. 68, 724; Let. 62, 422

Sprucei Let. 65, 564

stereoides. . M. X'. 53, 760, fig. 1142
stereoides (Europe) syn.,

Let. 67, 693
styracina, syn ....... M. X. 59, 860

tenuis, syn M. XT. 50, 710

subcoriacea.. .Let. 63, 484 (error=
Irpex) syn. M. X. 54, 776

ungulata Let. 65, 566

Favolus

brasiliensis M. X. 58, 822

caespitosus.M. X. 58, 821, fig. 1372

caperatus Let. 68, 756

caperatus (in error as dermopo-

rus) Let. 67, 700

cycloporus, syn M. X. 57, 832

dermoporus (error) .. Let. 67, 700;
Let. 68, 756

europaeus M. X. 47, 659;

Let. 69, 781

fimbriatus Let. 67, 676

Kauffmanii, syn....M. X*. 44 615;
Let. 66, 646

manipularis M. X. 46, 646

peponinus Let. 66, 646

pusillus (Mont, not Fr.) syn.,

M. X. 57, 833

reniformis, syn Let. 68, 756

Sprucei, syn M. X. 57, 833

squamiger M. X". 47, 665,

fig- 957, 958
subcaperatus, syn Let. 68, 756

tessellatus. . . .
Whetstonei . . .

Hexagona

atrosanguinea
ciliata, syn. . .

Let. 63, 490

, M. X. 44, 615
(anomalous)

. . . Let. 66, 604
M. X. 50, 703

cladophora, syn M. X. 55, 790 ,

crassipora. . M. X. 50, 714, fig. 1071

discopoda. syn Let. 66, 607 !

Dybowskii, syn Let. 67, 677 )

Gunnii Let. 65, 540

mirabilis Let. 67, 699

niam-niamensis, syn.. Let. 63, 457;
Let. 65, 513 1

olivacea, syn Let. 65, 540

rigida Let. 67, 660

similis Let. 67, 660 I

Smallii M. X. 52, 748, fig. 1123

speciosa M. X. 48. 679:

M. X. 50. 715; Let. 65, 513

tricolor Let. 66, 607

Laschia, The genus M. X. 46, 645

M. X. 57, 831 (Synonyms there
given are not listed here.)

alba cfr. M. X. 58,816

auriscalpium M. N. 57, 835,

fig- 1395

Baumanniana M. N. 46, 646

caerulescens, syn.. ..M. N. 58, 816

caespitosa M. X. 46, 646.

fig. 921, 922; Let. 65, 509

calamicola M. N. 57, 836

cantharelloides. .cfr. M. X:. 58, 816

celebensis, syn M. N. 58, 815

cinnabarina M. X. 57, 837

citrinella, syn M. N. 58, 816

cucullata, syn M. X. 58, 815

Curtisii Cfr. M. X. 58, 816

delicata, syn M. X. 55, 784

Dussii Cfr. M. X. 58, 816

Friesiana M. X. 57, 833

Gaillardii M. X. 57, 838

gogolensis, syn M. X". 46, 647

gracilis M. X. 46, 647, fig. 923

intestinalis, syn M. X. 50, 708

Javanica, syn M. X. 58, 815

lamellosa Cfr. M. X. 58, 816

Lauterbackii, syn M. X. 46, 646

longicellulis M. X. 57, 837

manipularis, syn M. X*. 46, 646

micropus Cfr. M. X. 58, 816

nigro-striata M. X. 57, 837

papulata..M. X. 57. 832, fig. 1390:
Let. 68, 722

pensilis, syn M. X. 58, 816

pezizoidea . . M. XT. 57, 836, fig. 1396

purpurea, syn M. X. 58, 816

pustulata, syn M. X. 58, 816

pustulosa..M. X. 57, 834, fig. 1393

reticulata M. X. 57, 838

rubra M. X. 57, 836

saccharina M. X. 57, 837,

fig. 1397, 1398

Sprucei M. X. 57, 833, fig. 1391

Staudtii M. N. 46, 645, fig. 920;

Let. 66, 647

subcaerulea, syn M. N. 58. 816

testudinella M. N. 57, 835

Thwaitesii. .M. X. 57, 834, fig. 1392
Tonkinensis.M. X. 57, 835, fig. 1394
Torrendii. . . M. X. 57, 838, fig. 1399

Mycodendrcn

paradoxum (bull) Myths 9

Merulius
castaneus .. .M. X. 56, 809, fig. 1259

Corium Let. 68. 703

cucullata, syn M. X. 58, 815

cuticularis, syn M. X. 58, 815

giganteus Cfr. Let. 67. 685

lacrymans. . M. X. 44. 616. fig. 872;
Let. 65, 539; Let. 69, 782

INDEX OF MYCOLOGICAL WRITINGS

pallens -Let, 68. 703

pezizoideus, syn M. -V Do, 803 -

M. N. 50, 017

pseudo-lacrymans.Cfr. Let. 67. 685
similis. . . . Let. 67, 685: Let. 69, 789

Poria

Andersonii, syn Let. 66, 592

Archeri Let. 69. 802

cylindrispora Let. 65. 53=>

limbriata -M. N*. 5-2- 740.

fig. 1108, 1109

fulvo-umbrina. syn . . . Let. 63. 489:
Let. 69, 798

sinuosa M. X. 45, 626

subiculosa . . . M. X. 45- 630, fig. 896

subsinuosa. syn Let. 62, 451

Weirii Let. 62, 436 (error as to

locality): Let. 65. 505

xanthospora Let. 66. 592 :

Let. 69. 760
xylina M. X. 45. 630. fig. 895

Pcrothelium

fimbriatum M. X. 52, 740

Friesii, syn M. X". 52, 740

hydnoideum (frustule).

M. X. 52. 740

lacerum, syn M. X*. 52, 740

papillatum. syn M. X*. 52. 740

pezizpides. syn M. X. 52. 740

reviviscens Cfr. M. X. 52, 740

rngosum (bull) M. X. 52, 740

Stevensonii (bull)..M. X. ^2. 740:

M. X. 52. 74i

variabile (bull) . . . . . M. X". 52. 740

Ptychogaster

Japonicus M. X. 48, 681

lucidus M. X. 49. 699, fig. 1046

Strobilcmyces

pallescens. . . M. X. 47. 663. fig. 952

Trametes

albida, syn M. X. 59, 850:

Let. 62, 423
albotexta. ..M. X. 44. 614. fig. 868

argyropotamica M. X. 54. 772.

fig- 1161, 1162

asPera Let. 63. 462

avellanea Cfr. Let. 68. 736

badia Let. 63.462

ca™ea Let. 62. 435

cf.i:v!n.a- Let. 67. 693

cihcioides. syn M. X. 50, 703

cingulata ( Fr. not Berk.) syn. '

M. X. 51 724

cingulata. Let. 69. 784: Let. 69 791

cornea, syn M. X. 51. 723

£'<*'"*" Let. 65. 521

Epilobu, syn ...M. X. 59. 851

ep.tephra . . . M. X. 59. 856. fig. 1434

Eucalypti, syn M. X. 48 684

Jeei M. X. 48, 684

flavescens, syn Let. 65 507

floccosa Let. 67 664

fuscella Let. 63. 462

glaberrima, syn Let. 63. 460

hvdnoides Let. 66. 632:

M. X. 44, 612

heteromorpha M. X". 59, 848,

fig. 1415: Let. 62, 451

heteropora Let. 63, 462

hexagoniformis. syn M. X. 59, 848:

Let. 62. 451

hispidula Let. 68. 749

hololeuca. syn Let. 63. 460

hystrix M. X. 44, 612

Krekei Let. 69, 780

incana. syn Let. 63, 460

incondita Let. 68, 751 ;

cfr. M. X. 50, 710

Taponica Let. 68, 751 ;

cfr. M. X. 59. 854

lacerata. syn.. . .M. X. 43. 604; fig.

854: M. X. 59- 850 : Let. 68, 720

lactea.. ..Let. 62. 437: Let. 63, 460

lactinea . . . Let. 67, 665 : Let. 63, 460

levis. syn Let. 63, 460

lilacino-gilvus M. X. 48. 683

malicola Let. 65, 507

Meyenii Let. 67, 669

micans, syn Let. 69. 815

minima M. X. 59, 850, fig. 1421

mollis. 53-11 Let. 63, 501:

Let. 67, 693

Morganii Let. 69. 815

Moritziana. syn Let. 63, 460

nubila Let. 69. 791

obstinata. syn Let. 67, 669

ocellata M. X. 44. 612. fig. 866

ochrolignea Let. 63, 456

pergamena Let. 65. 536

Persoonii Cfr. Let. 65. 523 :

Let. 66. 598

pertusus. syn M. X". 58, 827

piceina Let. 65, 535

picta Let. 69, 784

populina, syn M. X. 42, 581

praetervisa Let. 65. 561

pnrpurea Let. 65, 531

pusilla M. X. 54. 774, fig. 1165

pyrrhocreas M. N. 44, 613

rufescens Let. 69, 814

semitosta Let. 68, 736

sensitiva . . . M. X. 50, 710, fig. 1062:

Let. 68, 75 1
sepium M. X. 59, 850, fig. 1420:

Let. 62. 423

serpens M. X. 59, 851, fig. 1422.

1423. 1424: Let. 66. 603

Stephensii. syn M. X. 59. 851

stereoides. syn M. X. 53. 761 :

Let. 67, 693
Stowardii, syn M. X. 48, 683.

fig. IO22

straminea Let. 69. 786

strigata Let. 63, 462

suaveolens Let. 66, 598

INDEX OF MYCOLOGICAL WRITINGS

subflava Let. 66, 585

subsinuosa, syn M. N. 59, 848

Sycomori Let. 63, 460

trabea M. X. 52, 748, fig. 1122;

Let. 62, 424
truncatospora M. X. 59, 853

ungulata . . . M. N. 53, 759, fig. 1138;
Let. 65, 566

versatilis, syn M. X. 50, 703

versiformis Let. 66, 598

vitrea Let. 69, 810

vittata, syn Let. 65, 578

Zollingeriana, syn...M. X. 50, 704

HYDNACEAE.

lineata
mappa

Eichleriella

Kmetii, syn Rad. i r

Gleoradulum

hydnoideum, syn Rad. 9

Gramnothele
cineracea . . . . M. XT. 42, 581, fig. 821

M. X. 42, 581, fig. 820

.M. X. 42, 581, fig. 8i8and
819
Grandinia

sudans M. X. 52, 741, fig. mo,

Hydnum

amicum Let. 63, 496

auriscalpium Let. 63, 497

australe Let. 69, 768

basiasperatum. syn . . . M. X. 56, 801

Blackfordae . Let. 68, 716;

Let. 69, 758

casearium, syn Rad. 9

fimbriatum, syn M.X1. 53, 753,

fig. 1126, 1127

friabile Let. 65, 510

helvolum Let. 65, 529

Henningsii M.X. 43, 597

meruloides, syn M. X. 45, 625

olidum . . . Let. 65, 524; Let. 66, 612

pulcherrimum Let. 65, 548:

M. N. 57, 840, fig. 1402; Let. 69, 768

Rawakense Let. 65. 529

repandum Let. 62, 443

rufescens Let. 62, 443

septentrionale Let. 65, 548

Sprucei, syn M. XT. 60, 865

sudans, syn M. X. 52, 741

Thelephorum, syn . . . . M. X. 59, 859

Uleanum Let. 65, 562

vellereum, syn Let. 63, 496

villipes M. X. 56, 8or, fig. 1243

violascens Let. 66, 617

Irpex

brevis, syn M.X. 45, 625

caespitosus . . M. X. 59, 85.2, fig. 1426
cingulatus . . . M. X. 55, 795, fig. 1 197

consors M.X. 45, 625. fig. 887

crassus, syn Let. 69, 769

cucullatus cfr. M. X. 59, 1426

decurrens, syn M.X. 45, 625

flavus, syn Let. 67, 680

iyoensis, syn M. X. 45, fig. 903 ;

Let. 66. 619

lamelliformis M. X. 50, 716,

fig. 1073

maximus, syn M. N. 5 1, 724

XToharae . . . . M. N. 50, 716, fig. 1074
(in error M. X. 43, 601. fig. 851)

Owensii M. X. 44, 616, fig. 873 ;

Rad. 10, fig. 979 (as Radulum,
Rad. 12)

pachylon Let. 69, 769

purpureus . . . M. X. 50, 715, fig. 1072
saepiarius . . . M. X. 48, 682^fig. 1019

subcoriaceus M. N. 54, 776,

fig. 1169; Let. 69, 813

tabacinus Let. 66, 619

tabacinoides Let. 68, 712

Tanakae Let. 66, 613

vellereus M. X. 42. 582, fig. 823 :

M.X. 43. 598, fig. 844:

M. X. 55, 791

versatilis . . . . M. X. 50, 712, fig. 1068

zonatus M. X. 43, 602. fig. 852 ;

M. X. 55, 795
Kneiffia

gelatinosa, syn M.X. 59, 857

Lopharia

Javanicus, syn Rad. 3

lirellosum, syn Rad. 3

Mucronella

tenuipes M. X. 55. 789,

fig. 1186, 1187

togoensis, syn M. XT. 55, 790

Odontia

lateritia, syn Rad. 9

Radulum

(The synonyms given in our
pamphlet, "The Genus Radu-
lum," are not listed here.)

Ballouii Rad. i

casearium Rad. 8, fig. 977

cuneatum . . Rad. 2, fig. 961 ; Rad. 12,
fig. 984; Let. 62, 434

fagineum Rad. 8, fig. 976

hydnoideum Rad. 9. fig. 978

Kmetii Rad. 10. fig. 980

laetum Rad. 7, fig. 9/5

mirabile Rad. 3, fig. 964

molare Rad. 6, fig. 973

orbiculare Rad. 3, fig. 965

Owensii, syn Rad. 12

pallidum Rad. 2, fig. 963

quercinum . Rad. 6, fig. 970, 971, 972

spongiosum Rad. 2, fig. 962

tomentosum Rad. 7, fig. 974

Aleurodiscus (Thelephoraceae)

corneus M.X. 47, 656, fig. 935,

936 and 937 (as Cytidia)

INDEX OF MYCOLOGICAL WRITINGS

THELEPHORACEAE.

caperatum (bis), syn.. . Let. 63, 502

vitellinus . . . . M. N. 52, 736, fig- 1 102

Asterostroma
epigaeum . . . M. N. 5«, 709, tig. 1060

Cladoderris

australica, syn Let. 65, 541

dendritica Let. 65, 541

infundibuliformis Let. 66, 606

spongiosa . Let. 65, 541 ', Let. 63, 469
Thwaitesii . . M. N. 54, 774, fig- "<>7

Coniophora
Matsuzawae -

Craterellus

clavatus. syn M. N. 53, 762

dubius Let. 63, 494

Cyphella

fulvodisca . . M. N. 59, 856, fig. 1435,
1436 (in error as fuscodisca)

nabambissoensis Let. 67, 675

vitellina, syn M. X. 52, 736

Cristella
cristata, syn M. X. 52, 744

Cytidia
cornea, syn M. X. 47, 656

Exobasidium
mycetophila, syn M. X. 47, 662

Heterobasidium
chlorascens (bull) Myths 15

Hymenochaete

medicum Let. 65, 542

Mougeotii Let. 68, 708

philippensis, syn Let. 65, 542

Phlebia

hydnoidea, syn Rad. 9

lateritia, syn Rad. 9

merismatoides Let. 63, 479

radiata Let. 68, 707

tremelloides, syn M. X. 59, 859

Sebacina

Amesii M. X. 42, 576, fig. 810;

M. X. 53, 755, fig. 1130

dendroidea (bull) M. X. 42. 583

incrustans . . M. X. 52, 744, fig. 1115;

Let. 68, 728

spongiosa . . . M. X. 54, 779, fig. 1 174

Septobasidium

Collation of species.. M.X 51 721
pedicellatum M. N. 51, 720,

Stereum fig' IO77

albobadium Let. 66, 601

annosum .. .Let. 68, 723; M. X. 696

(in error as frustulosum)

atropurpureum M. X. 50, 712,

Bolleanum Let. fe'sp?

Bresadoleanum Let 67 681

caperatum Let. 63, 482 •

Let. 66, 606; Let. 65, 54 1

contrarium, syn M. N. 44, 619

corruge M. N. 58, 826, fig. 1382

crucibuliforme (bull) Myths 15

Curreyii (bull) Myths 15

cyathiforme (bull) Myths 14

deceptivum ..M. N. 55, 786, fig. 1180

elegans M. N. 43, 598, fig. 843 ;

Let. 68, 732; M. N. 47, 660,
fig. 946

fastidiosum . . M. N. 52, 743, fig. 1 1 16
frustulosum (error) . . M. N. 49, 696,

fig. 1040
frustulosum . M. N. 49. 697, fig. 1041

illudens M. N. 55, 785, fig. r 178,

1179

insolitum M. N. 47, 665, fig. 956

Leichardtianum Let. 68, 742

lilacino-fuscum Let. 68, 715

lobatum . . Let. 62, 421 ; Let. 67, 692

liratum M. N. 53, 764, fig. 1148

membranaceum Let. 63, 478

Mougeotii Let. 68, 708

occidentale Let. 69. 778

percome Cfr. M. X'. 58, 826

phoca M. N. 55, 786, fig. 1 181

plicatum M. N. 56, 807. 1256

princeps Let. 69. 763

radiato-fissum M. X. 52, 746,

fig. 1119

rufum (miss) Rad. 1 1

semilugens Let. 63, 467

sepia Let. 68, 750

sendaiense. syn M.X'. 48, 680,

fig. 1015; Let. 68, 715
Sowerbyi .... M. N. 44, 618, fig. 875

spadiceum (juggle) Let. 66, 639

spectabile . . . M. N. 52, 745, fig. 1 1 18

spiniferum, syn M. X. 55, 786

spongiaepes . M. N. 56, 807, fig. 1256

subpileatum Let. 66, 634

sulcatum .... M. X. 44, 619, fig. 8/8,
879

tenebrosum Let. 67, 692

Thozetii Let. 67, 697

tiibodensis, syn Let. 66, 634

turgidum Let. 63, 502

vellereum Let. 66, 584

venosum Let. 66, 639

zonarium M.X. 47, 664, fig. 955

Thelephora

actinaeformis, syn M. X. 60, 869

Commersonii, syn M. X'. 60, 868

congesta. syn M.X'. 45. 624

fimbriata .. . . M. XT. 52, 744, fig. 1117

flabellaris M.X. 45, 634, fig. 904

Japomca, syn M.X. 43. 597.

fig. 841 : Let. 65. 530
myriomera . . . M. N. 45, 629. fig. 893
padinaeformis, syn M. X. 59, 859

INDEX OF MYCOLOGICAL WRITINGS

papillosa Let. 65. 530

terrestris Let. 69, 770

trachodes, syn Let. 60, 869

Tremellodendron

candidum

merismatoides .

. .. .Let. 65. 547
. . M. X. 60, 865

CLAVARIACEAE.

Clavaria
avrantio-cinnabarina.
Cfr. Let. 63, 452
laeta Let. 63, 452

aurantiaca, syn M. X. 60, 869

Bresadoleana M. X. 60. 868.
fig. 1480
capillaris M. X. 60, 867, fig. 1477
Commersonii M. N. 60, 868.
fig. 1482
densissima . . M. X. 60, 865, fig. 1469
dichotoma M. X. 60, 863
durissima M X 60 865

nigricans ... M. X. 51, 729, fig. 1093,
1094
tenax. syn M. X. 60, 865
Dendrocladium fas Lachnocladium)

exserta M. N. 60, 866,

congestum . . .M. X. 45, 624, fig. 884
Guadeloupe M. X. 60, 870
hirsutum M. X. 60, 870
jurtiensis M. X. 60, 8/0
Lachnocladium
ambiginosum M. X. 58, 828
Archeri (syn.) M. X. 45, 624,
fig. 884
brasiliense . . M. X'. 58, 827, fig. 1384
congestum, syn M. X. 45. 624,
fig- 885
himalayense, syn M. X*. 55, 793 ;

Kunzei, syn M. X'. 45, 624

fig. 1475, 1476
fascicularis .. M. X. 60, 865, fig. 1470
fruticum . . . M. X. 60, 867, fig. 1478;
M. X. 58, 822, fig. 13/3
Himalayensis M. X*. 60. 867
hirsuta syn . M X 60 870

humilis syn M X 60 866

importata syn M X 60 866

Mannii M. X. 60, 867;
M. X. 55. 793- fig- ii94
multifida . . . M. X. 60. 863,

fig. 1464. 1465
penicellata ... MX 60. 863,

fig. 1466, 1467
pennata M. X. 60. 865, fig. 1471
plumosa M. N. 60, 864. fig. 1468
pungens M. X. 60, 866, fig. 1472
setosa M. X. 60, 865
simplex M. N. 60. 866. fig. 14/3
Sprucei, syn M. X*. 60, 865
subsimplex, syn M. X*. 60, 866
subulata, syn M. X. 60, 863,
fig. 1463
taxiformis .. . M. N. 60, 866, fig. 1474
tenuissima," syn M. X*. 60, 866
togoensis, syn M. XT. 60, 866
trachodes .. . . M. X. 60, 869, fig. 1484
tropica M. X. 60, 869, fig. 1483
Uleana M N. 60, 867, fig. 1479
\Yinkleriana. syn M. X. 60. 866

samoense, syn M. X*. 58, 828
taxiforme, syn M. X'. 60, 866
Phaeopterula, syn.
juruensis, syn M. X. 60, 870
Physalacria
inflata M. X. 48, 682, fig. 1020
rugosa, syn M. X*. 48, 682
Pterula
(Genus) . . M. XT. 60, 863. Synonyms
there given are not repeated here,
aciculaeformis M. X. 60, 868,

fig. 1481
actinaeformis M. X. 60, 869,

fig- 1485

TREMELLACEAE.

Auricularia

( Genus ) M. X. 55, 783

auricula-Judae M. X. 55, 783,

fig- H75

auricularis Let. 66, 637

(as Hirneola)

brasiliensis M. X'. 55, 785 ;

Let. 66,637

cornea Let. 69, 766

delicata . . . . M. X. 55,784, fig- H77;
Let. 66, 595

Emini, syn Let. 65, 514

Hunterii M. X. 56. 808, fig. 1258

intestinalis .

lobata, syn. .
mesenterica

Moellerii .. .

ornata

papyracea ..
polytricha . .

reflexa

squamosa . . .

M. X. 50, 708. fig. 1058;
M.X.55,/85

M. X. 60, 873

M.X.55,785;

M. X. 60, 873, fig. 1400
. M. N. 55,784, fig. 1176
. M. N. 60, 872, fig. 1489
Let. 68, 752

M. X. 55, 783

Let. 67, 653

M.X.55-/85;

Let. 65. 514

INDEX OF MYCOLOGICAL WRITINGS

Calccera v „

____ Cfr. M. N. ;<2, /4-

glossoides".: ..... Cfr. M.X. 52. 741
Clavariopsis

hispanica, syn..
Dacryomyces

aurantia

deliquescens . .
digressus M

..M.N.6o,872

hyalinus . .
pallidus ...
tostus. syn.

....Let. 66.618

Let. 62. 442

M.X. 44. 620. fig. 882;
Let. 66. 635
M. X. 58, 828. fig- 1385
M.X. 58, 825. fig- 1379
. . Let. 62. 442

Dacryomitra

depallens . . .M. X. 56,803. hg. 1248,

1249, 1250 ;M. X. 57- 840.

fig. 1403. 1404

clubia M. X. 52. 74-', hg. 1114:

M.N. 58, 825, fig. 1381

M. X. 52. 741-

fig. 1112,1113

Dacryopsis

brasiliensis

nuda

Ductifera

M. X. 60. 874.

fig. 1493

M.X. 57.841.

fig. 1406. 1407. 1408

Milleii . M. X. 50, 710. fig. 1063. 1064

Exidia

agaricina, syn M. X*. 58. 816

Candida . . M. X. 44. 620. fig. 880, 88 1
Janus . . M. X. 60, 873, fig. 1491, 1492

Japonica M. X. 43. 599,

fig. 845- 846, 847

spiculosa M. X. 43. 599

Uvapassa ...M.X. 54. 774. fig. 1 166
vitellina, syn M. X. 52. 737

Exiodopsis
alba, syn M. X. 45. 629

Guepinia

bicolor. syn M. X- 58, 825

biformis. syn M. X. 58, 825

elegans M. X. 58. 825, fig. 1378

helvelloidea, syn M. X. 60. 871

jurulensis, syn M.X. 58. 825

occidentale . . . M. X*. 43, 600, fig. 849

pezizaeformis M.X. 47, 658.

fig. 940.941,942

spathularia Let. 63, 47 1

Heterochaete

gelatinosa . . . M. X. 59- 857, fig- M39
Hirneola, syn. (see Auricularia).

M.N. 55.784
vitellina. syn M. X. 52, 737

Hormomyces

aurantiaca . . M. X. 50. 7*2, Jig. Io65

callorioides, syn M. X. 50, 712

fragiformis, syn M. X. 50, 712

Naematelia

encephala . . Let. 66. 641 : Let. 68, 719
Japonica Let. 68, 719

Pseudohydnum

guepinoides . M. X. 59, 858. Jig. 1440
Thelephorum, syn M. X. 59, 858

Seismosarca

alba Let. 62, 431 : M. X. 45, 629

hvdrophora .. M. X. 45- 629. fig. 894;
Let. 62, 431

Tremella

albida. syn M. X . 44, 620

Candida M. X. 59. 851, fig. 1425

compacta . . . M. X. 58. 825. fig. 1380

fimbriata Cfr. M. X. 55, 794

foliacea M. X. 55, 793

frondosa .. . .M. X. 55, 793,_fig. 1195

fuciformis M. X. 55, 790,

fig. 1 1 88

fusca M.X. 48, 683, fig. 1021

glaira M. X. 60. 874

helvelloidea, syn M. X. 60, 871

hispanica . . . M. X. 60. 872. fig. 1487

Janus, syn M. X. 60, 874

marmorata . . M. X. 53. 757, fig- IT33

mellea M.X. 58. 818, fig. 1364

''mycetophila" M.X. 47, 662.

fig- 950

samoensis M.X'. 60, 875.

fig. 1495, U96
sarcoides . . . M. X. 60, 875. fig- U94

undulata ( juggle) M. X. 48. 683

vesicaria . . . . M. X. 60. 871, fig. 1486

PHALLOIDS.

Anthurus
aseroeformis
MacOwanae, syn.
Aseroe
rubra M. X

Let. 66, 590
Let. 66, 590

45, 631, fig. 898

Calathiscus
sepia (bull)

Myths 9

Clathrus
Americanus, syn...
camerunensis

...M.X. 42, 585
..-M.X. 53. 754,
fig. 1128

cancellatus . . M. X. 57. 839, fig- HOO

crispus M. X. 42, 585, fig. 827

pseudo-crispus, syn. . . M. X. 42, 585

Colus

hirudinosus . . M. X. 47, 664. fig. 953 ;
M.X. 50, 705, fig. 1053
Dictybole
Texense (bull) Myths 14

Lysurus

Beauvaisii. syn Let. 66, 645

Gardneri . . . . M. X. 43. 594, fig. 835:
M. X. 55, 792. fig. 1192

INDEX OF MYCOLOGICAL WRITINGS

Mokusin M. X. 42, 586, fig. 828; |

M.X. 46, 647, fig. 924;
Let. 66, 645; Let. 65. 544

sinensis M. X. 51,718, fig. 1075,

1076; M. X. 53, 764
Mutinus
bambusinus . .M. N. 45, 629, fig. 892

Phallogaster
globosus . . . . M. X. 52, 739, fig. 1 106

Phallus

indusiatus Let. 67, 668

rugulosus Let. 66, 644

Prctophallus

jamaicensis Cfr. M. X. 52, 739

Pseudocolus

fusiformis, syn M.X. 49, 690

Javanicus, syn M. XT. 49, 690:

M. X. 42, 586

Mauritianus M.X. 49, 689,

fig. 1030

Rothae M. X. 42, 586. fig. 829;

M. X. 48, 679, fig. 1012, 1013;
M. X. 50, 704, fig. 1052.

rugulosus, syn M. X*. 49, 689 :

M. X. 42, 586

"PUFF BALLS."

Arachnion

(Genus) M. X. 46, 643

album M. X. 46. 644. fig. 917

bovista M. X. 46, 644

giganteum . . . M. X*. 46, 645, fig. 919

rufum M. X. 46, 644

Scleroderma M. X. 46, 644

Areolaria

strobilina, syn M. X. 52, 736

Battarrea

arenicola (bull) Myths 15

phalloidea Let. 67, 649

Bovista

argillacea, syn Let. 67, 671

brunnea Let. 65, 567

cervina, syn Let. 67. 671

nigrescens Let. 66, 602 ;

Cfr. Let. 63, 463

pila Let. 66, 602

"pusilla", syn Let. 67, 671

uruguayensis, syn Let. 67, 671

Bovistella

echinella M.X. 43, 603, fig. 853

oblongispora M. X'. 45, 632,

fig. 900
pusilla, syn M. X. 43, 604

Calvatia

arctica, syn M. X. 46, 650

borealis. syn M. X. 46, 650

craniiformis Let. 68, 733:

Let. 67, 698

crassa, syn Let. 68, 733

cretacea M. X. 46, 650, fig. 929;

Let. 66, 633

Gardnerii, syn Let. 67, 698;

Let. 68, 733

pachyderma Let. 65, 558;

Let. 66, 614; Let. 62, 444

polygonia Let. 62, 444

sculpta .... Let. 66, 615 : Let. 69, 775

sericella, syn Let. 68, 733

versispora Let. 68, 711

Catastoma

anomalum . . . M. X'. 44, 610, fig. 862:
M.X. 45, 631

ater M. X. 53, 756. fig. 1131

Brandegeii . . Let. 65, 511

circumscissum Let. 67, 671

levisporum . . M. X. 59. 853, fig. 1428

magnum M. X. 45. 631. fig. 897

pedicellatum Let. 62, 433 :

Let. 63, 463
Zeyheri Let. 65, 519

Chlamydopus

clavatus, syn Let. 67, 655

Meyenianus Let. 67. 655

Diploderma

album Cfr. M. X'. 46, 643

avellaneum . . M. X. 46, 641, fig. 913
' castoreum (error for radicatum),
M.X. 46, 642; Let. 65, 55 1

fumosum, syn M.X. 46, 643

glaucum, syn M. X. 46, 643

insolitum . . . . M. X. 46, 641. fig. 914

melasporum, syn M. N. 46, 643

pachythrix. syn M. X. 46, 642

radicatum . . . Let. 65, 551 : M. X. 46.
642, fig. 916 (in error as cas-
toreum)

sabulosum, syn M.X. 46, 642

suberosum Cfr. M. X. 46, 643

tuberosum, syn M. X. 46, 642

Ungerii, syn M. X. 46, 642

Durogaster
brunnea M. X. 58, 816. fig. 1359

Geaster

Clelandii ....M.X. 55. 794, fig- 1 196

fimbriatus Let. 69. 771

pectinatus Let. 69, 800

saccatus Let. 69, 771

stipitatus . . . . M. X. 56, 801, fig. 1242

striatulus Cfr. M. X. 55, 795

tomentosus M. X. 58, 919.

fig- 1363
trichifer M. N. 56, 804, fig. 1251

Gyrophragmium
Delilei

Lanopila

bicolor syn Let. 66, 583

Wahlbergii Let. 66, 583

Let. 65, 556

INDEX OF MYCOLOGICAL WRITINGS

Lasiosphaera
Fenzlii Let.67,684

Lycoperdon
albidum (error) M. N. 42, 582;
Let. 65, 549
albinum M. X. 42. 582, fig. 822
(in error as albidum )
Bonordenii, syn Let. 69. 783
cepaeforme M. X. 51, 730.
fig. 1096, 1097
cretaceum, syn M. X. 46, 650
cruciatum .... M. X. 44, 6lO, tig. 863
djurense Let. 66, 636
endotephrum, svn Let. 66. 030
piriforme Let. 69, 783
pisiforme . ..M. N. 55, 795, ng. 1198
pusillum Cfr. M. X. 43- 604
sericella, syn Let. 68, 733
stellatum, syn M. N. 44- OIO
\\"arneri, syn M. N. 44, 617

Mesophellia
(Genus) . M. X. 46, 639

Podaxon
elatus, syn Let. 63. 473
loandensis Let. 63, 473
mossamadensis Let. 63, 473
strobilaceus (bull) Myths 15;
Let. 65, 556
Polyplocium
Californicum, syn Let. 65, 556
inquinans, syn Let. 65, 556

Sclercderma
columnare . . M. X. 53, 759. fig. 1 139
fragile, syn Let. 65, 558
laeve Let. 63, 468

lanosum M X. 53 759, fig. 1141

nitidum M. X. 53, 759vfig- i T4»
sinnamariense M. N. 54, 772,
fig. 1 160
strobilinum, syn M. X*. 52, 736

Secotium

acuminatum M. X*. 44, 617.
fig- 874
australe M. X. 55. 788, fig. 1 184
coarctatum M. X. 55, 789
decipiens, syn Let. 65, 556
erythrocephalum Let. 67, 648
pedunculatum M.X. 55, 788,
fig. 1183
russuloides M. X. 55, 788
Szabolcsense, syn. . . . M. X*. 44, 617
tenuipes . M. X. 55, 788

arenaria M.X. 46, 639, fig- 9™
castanea M.X. 46, 640, fig. 912
pachythrix M. X. 46, 640
sabulosa M.X. 46, 639, fig. 91 1

Mitremyces
aeruginosus (bull) Let. 62, 427
fuscus Let. 62, 427
luridus syn Let 6? 4^7

Texense, syn Let. 65, 556

Tylostoma
mammosum Let. 63, 470;
Let. 65, 518
maximum, syn Let. 67, 655
Meyenianum, syn Let. 67, 655
obesum Let. 62, 446
simulans, syn Let. 65. 518

Xylopodium
ochroleucum, syn M. XT. 52, 736

AND TUBERACEAE.

Hysterangium
Phillipsii M. X. 44, 6 1 1, fig. 865
(but probably an error)
Rhizopogon
maculatum Let. 68, 725

viridis (bull) Let 6? 427

Mycenastrum

fragile syn Let 65 558

Paulia
resinacea ... M. X. 43, 595, fig. 838 ;
Let 66,626
Phellorina
strobilina . . . M. X. 52, 735, fig. 1 101

HYMENOGASTERS

Elaphomyces
Japonica M. X. 44, 609, fig. 861
Endogone
pulvinata . . . M. X. 56, 800. fig. 1240
tuberculosa .. M. X. 56, 799. fig. 1239
Gauteria
monticola Cfr. Let. 66, 588
morchelliformis Let. 66, 588
Hymenogaster
Behrii Let 60 770

rubescens Let. 66, 600
Splanchonomyces

BIRD NES

Cyathus

dasypus, syn Let 67 673

T FUNGI.

Nidula
macrocarpa . M. X. 51. 731, fig. 1098
Thelebolus
sudans (bull) M.X*. 52, 741

Earlei Let. 62', 445
vernicosus Let. 67. 673

16

INDEX OF MYGQLOGICAL WRITINGS

DISCOMYCETES.

Apostemidium
Guernisaci . .
leptosporum
Bulgaria
sarcoides . . .
Coryne
sarcoides . . .

Geog. 19. fig. 807
Geog. 20

M. X. 60. 875
M. X. 60, 875

Cudonia

Geog 17 fig 800

convoluta . .
Japonica . . .

lutea
ochroleuca . .
orientalis . .
Cyttaria
C Genus) .

.Geog. 1 8. fig. 803,804,
805; Let. 63, 504
. . . .Geog. 17, fig. 801;
Let. 65, 620
Geog. 17
Geog. 17
.Geog. 18; Let. 63, 504

M X 48 671

Berterii. svn.

. . M. N. 48. 671

disciformis, syn. . . .
Espinosae . . .M. N.

Gunnii M. N.

Hariotii

Berteroi M. X. 48, 671

Darwinii M. X. 48, 671,

fig. 992, 993
. . M. X. 48, 674
48. 673, fig. 995 ;
Let. 66. 628
48,672, fig. 994;
M. N. 42, 578, fig. 814
M. N. 53, 764

M. N.48,673

Hookeri . . M. X. 48, 674, fig. 996, 997

Purdiei. syn M. N. 48, 674

Reichei, syn M. X. 48, 674

Geoglossaceae. The synonyms listed

in the pamphlet are not re-listed

here.
Geoglossum

affine

alveolatum

arenarium . .

. . . Geog. 9
... Geog. it
. . . Geog. 8
. . . Geog. 8
. . .Geog. 10
. . . .Geog. 12, fig. 794

Geog. ii

Geog. 9, fig. 790

Geog. 7

Geog. 13

Geog. 7

. . . .Geog. ID, fig. 791

Geog. 9

. . .Geog. 12, fig. 793:
M. X. 49, 700, fig. 1047

intermedium Geog. 1 1

irregulare Geog. 6, fig. 787

atropurpureum

Barlaea

capitatum ....
cohaerens . . .

difforme

elegans

Farlowii ....
fumosum ....

glabrum

glutinosum . .
hirsutum . .

longisporum Geog. 7

luteum Geog. 6, fig. 788, 789

nigritum Geog. 10

oblivaceum Geog. 8

paludosum Geog. 1 1. fig. 792

pygmaeum Geog. 1 1

robustum Geog. 8

velutipes Geog. 12

viride Geog. 8

viscosum Geog. 9

Walteri Geog. 13; Let. 68, 702

Helvella

Ephippium Cfr. Let. 65. 525

Fargesii Let. 65, 525

Leotia

atrovirens Geog. 16, fig. 799

chlorocephala Geog. 16

Japonica Let. 65. 543

lubrica Geog. 15. fig. 798

marcida Geog. 15

Mitrula

cucullata : . Geog. 15. fig. 797

gracilis Geog. 15

paludosa Geog. 14, fig. 796

Mcrchella

angusticeps Let. 63, 475

Peziza

cerea M. X. 44, 61 1, fig. 864

Phillipsia

polyporoides Let. 62. 432

Rhizina

inflata (juggle ) Let. 69, 805

rhytidia, syn M. X:. 49, 695

undulata Let. 69. 805

Rickella

tra-nsiens . . . M. X. 56, 800, fig. 1241

Sarccsphaeria

coronaria . . . M. X. 56, 806, fig. 1255

Spathularia

flavida Geog. 13, fig. 795

rufa Geog. 13

Trichoscypha

Hindsii M. X. 59, 847, fig. 1413;

Let. 67, 679

instititia M. X. 59, 847, fig. 1413

tricholoma . . M. X. 59, 848. fig. 1414

Urnula

campylospora M. X'. 49, 695.

fig- 1037

Vibrissea

foliorum Geog. 19

truncorum ..;.... Geog. 19, fig. 806

HYPOCREACEAE.

Cordyceps
Aphroph
capitata .....

Aphrophorae, syn ...... Let. 69, 809

. X. 44, 608. fig. 855;
M. X. 42, 576

capitata var. canadensis (error)

M. X. 44, 609, fig. 860 (see

Japonica)

cinerea, syn Let. 66. 629

'7

INDEX OF MYCOLOGICAL WRITINGS

coccigena Cfr. M. X. 43, 593

Cockerelli, syn M. X. 43, 49 1

Doveii M. X. 49, 691, fig- 1034

entomorrhiza Let. 66, 629

Hawkesii. syn M. X. 49, 691,

tig. 1033

isarioides, syn M. X. 43, 592

Lloydii M. X. 59. 856. fig. 1437

locustiphila, syn M. X. 43- 592

Moellcri. syn M.N. 43, 592

nutans M.N.44,6o7

ophioglossoides M. X. 44. 609,

fig. 856, 857; Let. 66.61 1

ophioglossoides (error for Ja-

ponica) M.N. 50,009

pachybasis, syn M X. 43, 593

pistillariaeiormis. syn.,

M. X. 43. 593
Robertsii.Let.65, 522; M.X. 49.692

sinensis M.X. 54. 766. fig. 1 149

sobolifera . - . M. X. 42. 584. fig- 826:

M. X. 42. 575. fig- 808; Let. 67, 650

M. X. 44, 607

Sphaeocephala Let. 63, 485 ;

Let. 66, 629

Sphingum M. X. 43, 590,

60.830,831

tarapotensis M. X. 43, 592

Tricentri. . M. X. 44, 607 ; Let. 69, 809

Uleana. syn M. X . 43, 592

Hypocrea

citrina Let. 63. 454; Let. 66, 589

sulphurea Let. 66, 589

Isaria

Barberi, syn Let. 63, 487

Buntingii .... M. X. 44, 615, hg. 871
cosmopaltriae . . M. X. 56, 806. 1254

Japonica M. X. 50, 707. fig- 1057

(on Melolontha) . . . . M. X. 47, 660,
fig- 945

Mokanshawii M. X. 59, 854,

fig- 1430

Ritchiei M. X. 59. 855%fig. 1432

sphecocephala M. X. 54, 778,

fig- H73
Ophicnectria

Cockerellii, syn M. X. 43- 59 1

Cordyceps . . M. X. 49, 692, fig. 1035
Pcdocrea

cornu-damae M. X. 56, 810,

fig. 1261; M. X. 57. 844
Xylarioides . . M. N. 57, 844, fig. 1412

PYRENOMYCETES.

Camillea

Africana. syn Pyr. 26

bacillum Pyr. 3, fig. 827

bomba .... Pyr. 8, fig. 844, 845, 846;
M. N. 54, 778, fig. 1172

cyclops Pyr. 4. fig. 834

globosa Pyr. 8, fig. 847

labellum Pyr. 4, fig. 829

Leprieurii Pyr. 3, fig. 826

mucronata Pyr. 3, fig. 828

poculiformis Pyr. 9, fig. 848 '

Sagraena .. Pyr. 7, fig. 838, 839, 840, j
841 ; Let. 69, 808 !

sulcata M. X. 54, 771, fig. 1159 |

surinamensis, syn Pyr. 7 !

turbinata .... .".Pyr. 4, fig. 830. 831, i
832,833

Carncstroma

Thyrsus Pyr. 27, fig. 1461, 1462

Colletomanginia
paradoxa, syn Pyr. 15

Corynelia
poculiformis, syn Pyr. 10

Daldinia

albozonata Pyr. 25, fig. 1456;

M. X. 58,822, fig. 1374 i

angolensis Pyr. 26. fig. 1457 ; I

M.N. 49, 688, fig. 1028,1029

argentmensis. syn Pyr. 26 I

aspera, syn... .Pyr. 26; M. X. 42. 579

asphaltum. syn Pyr 24 i

Bakeri pyr. 25 |

barbata. syn Pyr. 26

caldarium Cfr. Pyr. 24

californica . . Pyr. 24, fig. 1452, 1453

cingulata, syn Pyr. 25;

M.X. 43, 604

clavata Pyr. 26

cognata, syn Pyr. 25

concentrica ..Pyr. 23, fig. 1450, 1451

confluens Pyr. 25

corrugata Pyr. 25, fig. 1454

durissima, syn Pyr. 24:

M.X. 43- 604

Eschscholtzia, syn Pyr. 24

Gollani. syn Pyr. 24

granulosa Cfr. Pyr. 26

intermedia Pyr. 25

loculata. syn Pyr. 24;

M. N. 43. 604
microspora (as var. vernicosa)

syn Pyr. 25

platensis Cfr. Pyr. 24

stratosa, syn Pyr. 24

Thouarsiana, syn Pyr. 26

vernicosa Pyr. 25. fig. 1455 :

M.X. 43, 604
vernicosa (bis.), syn Pyr. 26

Engleromyces

Goetzei Pyr. 15, fig. 856, 857

Glaziella

splendens Pyr. 29, fig. 1459

vesiculosa. syn Pyr. 29;

Cfr. Pyr. 30

INDEX OF MYCOLOGICAL WRITINGS

"Glaziella"
aurantiaca

Henningsinia

durissima, syn

Pyr. 30, fig. 1460
Pyr. 4

Hypoxylon

angolense, syn ............ Pyr. 26;

M. N. 49, 688
atropunctatum ........ Let. 62, 426

bomba, syn ................ Pyr. 8

cerebrinum . . . M. N. 42, 579,fig. 815
compuncta, syn ............ Pyr. 29

herculeum, syn ....... M. N. 42, 579

macromphalum ........ Cfr. Pyr. 6

melanaspis ............ Cfr. Pyr. 3

micropus ............. Cfr. Pyr. 22

poculiformis, syn .......... Pyr. 10

sulcatum, syn ........ M. N. 54, 771

turbinatum, syn. . . .
viride

Pyr. 4

Let. 68, 717

Isaria

byssoidea . . .M. N. 53, 757, fig. 1132

flabelliformis .... Xyl. 12, fig. 1225 ;

Xyl. 32; Let. 65, 506;

M. N. 45, 635, fig. 905

Kretzschmaria

aggregata Cfr. Pyr. 23

angolensis, syn. .. Pyr. 23; Pyr. 26;
M. N. 49. 688

Cfr. Pyr. 20

Cfr. Pyr. 20

. . Pyr. 20, fig. 1445
. .Pyr. 21, fig. 1446
..Pyr. 20, fig. 1444

Berkeleyana
bulgarioides
caenopus .. .
cetrarioides

clavus

Colensoi .. .
confusa ....
congestum .
contracta . .
divergens ..
gomphoidea
guaranitica
heliscus . .

. Cfr. Pyr. 23

Cfr. Pyr. 20

Cfr. Pyr. 23

Cfr. Pyr. 23

Cfr. Pyr. 20

Cfr. Pyr. 22

Cfr. Pyr. 23

. .Pyr. 22, fig. 1449
Kurziana . . Cfr. Pyr. 21 (but error)

lichenoides Pyr. 21, fig. 1447

lichenoides (bis) Cfr. Pyr. 23

mauritanica Cfr. Pyr. 20

microcephala Cfr. Pyr. 22

micropus Cfr. Pyr. 23

novo-guineensis, syn Pyr. 20

paradoxa Pyr. 22, fig. 1448

proxima Cfr. Pyr. 21

Puiggarii Cfr. Pyr. 20

pusilla Cfr. Pyr. 22 (error)

rugosa Cfr. Pyr. 20 (error)

scruppsa Cfr. Pyr. 22

sessilis Cfr. Pyr. 22

truncata . . . Cfr. Pyr. 22 (but error)
Xylarioides Cfr. Pyr. 22

Nummularia

cinerea, syn Let. 62, 426

Leveilleana

(Genus), syn Pyr. 7

Penzigia

compuncta, syn.. .

obovata, syn

Polyporus, syn.. . .

Ridleyi

Phylacria

globosa. syn. . .

Pyr. 29

Pyr. 26

..Let. 69, 774
. Cfr. Pyr. 26

Pyr. 8

poculiformis, syn Pyr. 10

Porpdiscus

Rickii M. N. 58, 819,

fig. 1366 to 1370
Poronia

agariciformis . . . Xyl. 14, fig. 1231
Pyrenopplyporus

Hunteri M. N. 50, 706,

tig. 1054, 1055; Let. 69, 774
Rhizomorpha

(Genus), syn Pyr 14

Sarcoxylon
aurantiacum, syn.. . .Pyr. 29 (error)

compunctum Pyr. 28, fig. 1458

Le Rati Pyr. 29 ; M. N. 47, 668,

fig. 960

...Cfr. Pyr. 4
Pyr. 29

Sphaeria

caelata

compuncta, syn
Thamnomyces

camerunensis Pyr. 1 1, fig. 850

(in error as Chamissonis)
Chamissonis (error for cam-
erunensis) Pyr. n, fig. 850

chordalis Pyr. 12, fig. 851

fuciformis Pyr. 12, fig. 852

rostratus, syn Pyr. 12

Xylaria

acuminata (var. polymorpha)

Cfr. Xyl. 24

adnata Cfr. Pyr. 14

adscendens Cfr. Xyl. 26

albomaculata M. N. 51, 725,

fig. 1081

allantoidea Xyl. 6, fig. 1207

anisopleura .Xyl. 24, fig. 1338, 1339;

M. N. 45, 636 (in error as

Schweinitzii)

annulata Cfr. Pyr. 14

annulipes Pyr. 14, fig. 14

Apeiba Cfr. Xyl. 26

apiculata .. . .Xyl. 20, fig. 1331, 1334;

M. N. 48, 676, fig. 1003, 1004,

1005, 1006

arbuscula . . . Xyl. 21, fig. 1332, 1333

argentinensis Cfr. Xyl. 24

aristata (miss) Pyr. 14

aurantiaca, syn Pyr 30

axillaris Cfr. Pyr. 14

bataanensis, syn Pyr. 32

bipindensis Xyl. 29, fig. 1350

botrys Cfr. Xyl. 21

carpophila Let. 62, 428

castorea Xyl. 17, fig. 1324, 1325

cavernosa . . . M. N. 51, 728, fig. 1092

INDEX OF MYCOLOGICAL WRITINGS

chordaeformis Xyl. 18,

hg. 1327. J328

chordalis, syn Pyr- I2

clavata (juggle) Pyr. 32

clavus M. N. 49, 687, tig. 1027

columnifera Xyl. 7, fig- 1211

comosa M. N. 51, 7^6, fig. 1086

compuncta, syn Pyr. 29

concursa . . . . M. N. 48, 678, hg. 1009
(conidial) .. . . M. N. 43, 597, fig- 842

Cookei Xyl. 25, fig. 1342

Copelandii, syn Pyr. 32

corniculata Cfr. Xyl. 25

Cornu-Damae Let. 62, 430

coronata Cfr. Xyl. 21

cristulata Xyl. 31, fig. 1357

ciibensis Xyl. 4, fig- 1204, 1205

cudonia Let. 64. fig. 987, 988

Ctilleniae Cfr. Xyl. 26

dealbata Xyl. 8, fig. 1212

diceras Cfr. Xyl. 21

dichotoma Cfr. Xyl. 26

digitata Let. 62, 430 (error)

discoidea . . .Xyl. 13, fig. 1226. 1227,

1228, 1229

ectogramma .Xyl. 15, fig. 1234, 1235

euglossa Xyl. 21

exalbata, syn M. N. 46, 649

excelsa, syn Pyr. 27

fasciculata Cfr. Xyl. 21

faveolis, Xyl. 9, fig. 1214, 1215. 1216;

Xyl. 31, fig. 1354

Fejeensis Cfr. Xyl. 25

fibula M. N. 51, 728,fig. 1089

filiformis Xyl. 18, fig. 1326;

Xyl. 19, fig. 1330

fimbriata . . . M. N. 51, 726, fig. 1083,
1084, 1085

fistulosa Cfr. Xyl. 10, fig. 1218

"flabelliformis" M.N. 45. 635,

fig. 905

fraganaeformis Cfr. Xyl. 24

fragilis Cfr. Pyr. 14

fuciformis, syn Pyr. 12

Fuckelii, syn Let. 62, 428

fulvella, syn Let. 64, fig. 989

furcellata, syn M. N. 51,727,

fig. 1087

fusca M. X. 54, 770, fig. 1 155

geoglossum Let. 64, fig. 986

gomphus Xyl. 15, fig. 1236

gracilenta, syn Pyr. 32

gracillima . . . M. N. 54. 771, fig. 1 158

gracilis M.N. 48, 678, fig. 1008

grammica Cfr. Pyr. 32;

M.N. 46, 648, fig. 925
guyanensis . . . M. N. 46, 649, fig. 927

hemiglossa M. X. 51,728

herculea Xyl. 21. fig. 1335

Herculea Cfr. Xyl. 21

nispidissima Cfr. Pyr 14

Huberiana Cfr. Xyl. 24

lanthino-velutina, syn Pyr. 32;

Xyl. 26

involuta (miss) Xyl 21

juruensis, syn Pyr. 32; Xyl. 26

laevis Xyl. 8

lancea Cfr. Pyr. 27 ; Xyl. 27,

fig. 1346

lignosa Cfr. Xyl. 21

Longiana Let. 66, 586

luxurians Xyl. 29, fig. 1348

luzonensis, syn. . . . Pyr. 15 ; Pyr. 32

marasmoidea, syn Pyr. 14

melanura Pyr. 14, fig. 855

Mellisii Xyl. 14, fig. 1232, 1233

monilifera Cfr. Xyl. 26

moriformis Xyl. 30, fig. 1353

mucrqnata Let. 64, fig. 985

multifida, syn Xyl. 25

multiplex Xyl. 25, fig. 1343

Neilgherries M. N. 46, 650

nigrescens Xyl. 8, fig. 1213

nigripes Xyl. 10, fig. 1219, 1220,

1221; Cfr. Pyr. 26

obesa Xyl. 26, fig. 1344

obovata M. N. 51, 728, fig. 1090

ocellata Xyl. 6, fig. 1209

ophiopoda, syn M. N. 54, 769

ovata Xyl. 9, fig. 1217

oxycanthae, syn Let. 62, 428

pallide-ostiolata Xyl. 29,

fig. I35i, U52

pannosa Xyl. 8

partita M.N. 48, 675, fig. 1002

Patagonica Cfr. Pyr. 15

patrisiae Cfr. Xyl. 26

Pattersqnii Cfr. Xylaria 21

persicaria. syn Let. 62, 428

pistillaris Xyl. 19, fig. 1329

plebeja M.N. 49, 687, fig. 1026

Poiteani, syn Let. 64

Poitei Let. 64, fig. 990

polymorpha. M. N. 54, 768, fig. 1150

pyramidata Xyl. 14, fig. 1230

radicans . . . . M. N. 51, 725, fig. 1080

regalis, syn Let. 64

reniformis .. .M. N. 51, 727, fig. 1088

Ridleyi Xyl. 12, fig. 1223, 1224;

Cfr. Pyr. 26: M.N. 51, 728,

fig. 1091

rostrata, syn Pyr. 12

ruginosa Cfr. Xyl. 21

Schwackci Cfr. Pyr. 15

Schweinitzii Cfr. Xyl. 24

M. N. 45, 635, fig. 908 (error for

anisopleura)

scopiformis . M. N. 48, 675. fig. 1001

scruposa Xyl. 23, fig. 1336, 1337

setocephala, syn Pyr. 32

setosa Pyr. 13, fig. 853

siphonia Xyl. 5

.splendens, syn Pyr. 29

strobiliformis Cfr. Xyl. 24

stromatica . . M. N. 54. 770, fig. 1157
tabacina Xyl.- 3, fig. 1200

INDEX TO CONTRIBUTORS' NAMES

Theiszenii ..

Thwaitesii . .
thyrsus, syn.
titan, syn. . .

Xyl. 28, fig. 1347;
M. N. 48, 677, fig. 1007
Cfr. Xyl. 32

turberiformis .

M N 48 678

fig. IOIO

\r N A- f\tfi

Pvr 27

vermiculus, syn . . .
Warburgii

fig. 909
Pyr. 14

Cfr Pyr 15

Let. 64

torcjuescens
trianae
tuberculosa

Xyl. 25, fig. 1340
Cfr. Xyl. 21

M N. 54 760

Xylobotryum

andinum

Cfr. Pyr. 23

fig. 1153,1154

INDEX TO CONTRIBUTORS' NAMES.

The liberality with which my friends and correspondents have
sent specimens for study has been the chief means of advancing my
knowledge of the subject. It is only through an abundance of
specimens from various localities that' any subject can be learned.
The numbers in the following list refer to the letters where de-
tailed account of the specimens will be found.

Bunting, R. H., Africa 63

Burke, Dr. R. P., Alabama 66

Burnham, Stewart H., New York,

62, 63, 65. 66, 67, 69

Cave, G. H., India 69

Cheel, E., Australia 63, 67

Cleland, Dr. J. Burton, Australia.

62, 63, 65, 67, 68, 69

Clemens, Mrs. Joseph, Texas. .65. 66
Coker, W. C, North Carolina. .68, 69
Cradwick, Wm., Jamaica. . .60, 63, 65
Crawford. Prof. D. L., California,

63, 65, 66
Davis, Simon, Massachusetts,

63, 65, 66, 68
Dearness, John. Canada. .. .63, 65,66

Demange, V., China 67, 69

Demetrio. C. H., Missouri 66,69

Dessenon, M. E., France 63

Dobbin, Frank, New York 62

Dodge, C. W., Missouri 65

Dupret, H., Canada 63, 66

Dupret, H., New Hampshire 63

Duthie, Miss A. V., South Africa.

63,65,66,67

Dutra, Dr. J., Brazil 65

Eastwood, Miss Alice, California.

68,69

Eich, Otto, Ohio 63

Ell, Herbert, Ohio 68

Emerton, J. H., Massachusetts. . .66
Espinosa, M. R.. Chile ... 65, 66, 67, 69
Esterbrook, E. M., Massachusetts. 66
Evans, I. B. Pole, South Africa, 62, 66
Felippone, Dr. F., Uruguay. . .62, 68

Fisher, Geo. L.. Canada .63

Fisher, Geo. L.. Texas,

62, 63, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69

Fitzpatrick H. M., New York 66

Flockton. Miss Margaret, Austra-
lia .... 66

Foerste, A. F., Ohio 67

Adams, J., Canada 65

Allen, Miss Lizzie C., Massachu-
setts 63,67

Ames, Frank H., New York... 62, 65
Archer, W. A., New Mexico. . . .63,65

Archer, W. A., France 69

Babcock. D. C, Ohio 63,66,67

Baker, Chas. H., Florida,

63, 65, 66, 67, 68
Ballou, Dr. W. H., New York,

63, 65, 66. 67, 68, 69

Barbier, M., France 63

Barker, W. E., New Zealand. ..65,67

Bartholomew, Elam, Kansas 62

Bartholomew, Elam, Nebraska. . .65
Bartholomew. Elam, Washington. 69
Beardslee, Prof. H. C, North

Carolina 69

Benson, Berry, Georgia 62

Benson, Berry, South Carolina. . . .63

Benson, Chas. G., Nevada 67

Benvindo, Dr. Samuel, Brazil 63

Bethel, E.. Colorado 63,66,67

Bethel, E., New Mexico 66

Bewley, Miss Anna K., Pennsyl-
vania 62, 66

Bijl, P. van der, South Africa,

62, 63, 65. 66, 67, 69
Blackford, Mrs. E. B., Massachu-
setts 63

Bonansea, Dr. S., Mexico. .63, 65, 68

Bourdot, Rev. H., France 62, 66

Boutlou. Rev. A., West Virginia,

65, 66, 67, 68, 69

Boyer, Rev. A., Maryland 66, 67

Brace, L. J. K.. Bahamas. .63, 66, 67
Brenckle. Dr. J. F., Arkansas. .68, 69
Brenckle, Dr. J. F., North Dakota,

62, 63, 69
Brittlebank Chas. C, Australia,

62,63
Brown, George, New Zealand. .63, 65

INDEX TO CONTRIBUTORS' NAMES

Forbes, C. N., Hawaii 62

Froggatt, West Australia 63

Gee, N. Gist, China 66, 67, 69

Gilbert, Henry C, Oregon 65

Gono, M., Japan 63.65

Gossweiler. John W., Africa, 63, 67, 69

Govvdey, W., Africa 67. 69

Grant, J.M., Washington, 62,63,66,67

Grelet, Rev. L. J., France 69

Griffin D. B., Vermont,

63, 65, 66, 67, 69
Griffiths, David, District of Col-

lumbia 62,69

Griffiths. David, Washington

State 62

Guillemin, Henri, France 65

Hadley, Mrs. A. M., Vermont,

63, 66, 67

Hanmer, C. C., Connecticut 66

Hedgcock, Geo. G., Florida 62

Hibbard, Miss Ann, Massachu-
setts 62. 63, 66, 69

Hill, H., New Zealand 65,66

llinckle, Fred. Ohio 67

Hone, Miss Daisy, Minnesota. .. .63
Humphreys, C. J., Wisconsin ... .63

Hunter, T., Africa 66, 68, 69

Huntington. J. W., Massachusetts. 68
Johnston, Dr. I. M. California,

66, 67, 68, 69
Jones, Kate A., New Hampshire,

65, 67, 68

Kashyap, Shiv Ram. India 65

Kauffman, Dr. C. H., Kentucky

and Tennessee 65

Kauffman, Dr. C. H., Michigan. 62, 65
Kauffman, Dr. C. H., Washington. 62

Kawamura, S., Japan 62

Keihner, Robert M., Pennsyl-
vania 63

Kirkwood, Mrs. A. V.. Australia. .63
Knaebel, Ernest. District of Co-
lumbia 65

Kreke, Rev. Marcus. Indiana 69

Krieger, L. C. C. California. . .63, 66

Lange, Jakob E., Denmark .66

Latham, Roy, New York.

62,65.66,67,69

Leeper, Burtt, Ohio 63 67

Lewis, John E. A., Japan . . .65, 67', 69
Long. W. H., New Mexico... 62 63
Lowe, Mrs. F. E., Massachusetts. .63
Lowe, Mrs. F. E., Florida 6^

MacClement, W. T.. Nova Scotia. .66
MacClement. W. T., Ontario.... 68
McDougal, W. B., Illinois.

McFarland, Frank T., ^Ke'n- '

Frank T., Michigan, '

Maclnnes, F. Jean, Minnesota. ,3'. 67
Macoun, John, British Columbia 68
Mams, E. B., Indiana...

Maire, Leon, France 66

Maire. Rene, North Africa 62

Marloth, R., South Africa 62

Merrill E. D., Philippine Islands,

67, 68, 69

Mignault, Rev. J. B., Canada 66

Mille. Rev. Louis, Ecuador,

66, 67, 68, 69

Miyabe, K., Japan 63

Moxley, Geo. L., California, . . .65, 66

Nead, J. D.. Minnesota 66

Nelson N. L. T., Florida 62, 63

Nelson, N. L. T., Texas 69

Noble, Mrs. M. A., Florida,

63, 65, 66, 68

Nunez, Nelson, Ecuador 68

Nunez, Gabriel M., Ecuador 67

O'Connor, C. A., Mauritius 67

O'Connor, C. A., South Africa.. ..67

Oleson, O. M.. Iowa 67

Overholts, L. O., Alabama 63

Overholts, L. O., New Hampshire. 69

Overholts, L. O., New York 65

Overholts, L. O., Pennsylvania.

62,63,65.66,68,69

Owens, C. E., Oregon 63, 65, 66

Paige, F. W.. Iowa 67

Parish, S. B., California. .. .66, 68, 69
Patterson, Mrs. Flora W., Colo-
rado 63

Patterson, Mrs. Flora W., Dis-
trict of Columbia 67,68

Paul, J T., Australia 62, 66, 67

Payson, Edwin, Wyoming 66

Pearson, Arthur A, England 69

Peckolt, Gustavo, Brazil 63

Fetch, Professor T., Ceylon 69

Fetch, Professor T., Mauritius. . . .69

Piper, C. V., Mississippi 68

Plitt, C. C, California 66

Plitt, C. C, Maryland 68

Reinking, Otto A., Philippine

Islands 69

Rhoads, A. S., District of Colum-
bia 67

Rhoads, A. S., New York 65

Rick, Rev. J., Brazil, 63, 66, 67, 68, 69
Ritchie, A IT., Jamaica ... .63. 66, 69

Robinson, R. G., New Zealand 62

Rodway, L., Tasmania 67, 68, 69

Rosen, H. R., Arkansas 69

Rosen, H. R.. Cuba 66

Rosen, H. R. and Elliott, Arkan-
sas 68

Scarfe, W. A., New Zealand,

63, 66, 67, 68

Schumo, S. L., Pennsylvania 63

Seaver, Fred J., New York 62

Shantz. H. L., Eastern Colorado. .62

Silveira, A. A. de, Brazil 67

Simmonds, J. H., Australia 67

Small, John K., New York 63

Small, W., Africa 66

Sprague, S. L., Ohio. . . ...62

INDEX TO CONTRIBUTORS' NAMES

Sterling, E. B., New York 69

Stevens, F. L., Illinois ..68

Stevenson, John A.. Porto Rico,

62, 63, 65, 66, 67, 68
Stevenson. Wm. C., Jr., Florida.. 63

Stillinger, C. R., Oregon 66

Stocker, Dr. S. M., Minnesota,

63, 65, 66, 67
Steward, Dr. F. M., Australia,

63, 65, 66. 67

Streeter, Mrs. Hannah, Pennsyl-
vania 62

S wanton. E. W., England 67

Taylor, Rose M., Colorado 66

Torrend, Rev. C., Brazil,

63, 65, 66. 67, 68

Torrend, Rev. C., Australia 68

Torrend, Rev. C., Madagascar ... .68
Trask, Mrs. Blanche, California. ..62

Tsou, P. W., China 67

Tucker. Mrs. Susan, Washington. 65

Umemura, J., Japan 63, 66, 67

Van Breda, de Haan, J., Java 65

Vanderyst, P. Hyac., Africa 66

Weir, Dr. James R., Idaho.

62, 63, 66, 67

Weir, Dr. James R., Indiana 67

Weir, Dr. James R., Montana,

62, 65, 67, 69

Weir, Dr. James R.. Java 67

Weir, Dr. James R., Peru 67

Weir, Dr. James R., Philippines. . .66
Werkenthin, F. C., New Mexico. . .63

West, Erdman; New Jersey 69

West, Erdman, Pennsylvania 65

Whetstone, Dr. M. S.. Minnesota,

63, 66, 67, 68

Wilber, Miss Ruby B., Connecti-
cut 63

Wilson, James, Australia 65

Yasuda, Professor A., Japan,

63. 65, 66, 67, 68, 69

Yoshinaga, T., Japan 65

Zeller, S. M., Missouri 67

Zenker, Dr. Georg, Africa . .67, 68, 69
Zimm, L. A., New York 63, 67

MYCOLOGICAL NOTES

And Other Publications Issued by C. G. Lloyd.

The following publications comprise those that have been issued to date.
We cannot supply sets of back numbers, but are often able to furnish a
few missing numbers to complete sets.

C. G. LLOYD.

309 West Court Street.

Cincinnati, Ohio.

Vol. i. Mycological Notes, Nos. 1-18, 1898-1904.

A compilation of the Volvae of the United States, 1898.

The Genera of Gastromycetes, 1902.

The Geastrae, 1902.

The Lycoperdaceae of Australia and New Zealand, 1905.

Notes on the Amanitas of the Southern Appalachians (by H. T.
Beardslee), 1902.

Letters Nos. i, 2. and 3, 1904.

Plates, 1-39.
Vol. 2. Index, Vol. 2.

Mycological Notes, Nos. 19-31, 1905-1908.

The Tylostomeae, 1906.

The Nidulariaceae, 1906.

The Phalloids of Australasia, 1907.

Letters Nos. 4-24, 1905-1908.

Plates Nos. 40-123.
.Vol. 3. Index. Vol. 3..

Mycological Notes, Nos. 32-37, 1909-1911.

Mycological Notes, Old Species, Series No. r, 1908.

Mycological Notes, Polyporoid Issue, Nos. 1-3, 1908-1910.

Synopsis of the Known Phalloids, 1909.

Synopsis of the Genus Hexagona, 1910.

Synopsis of the Section Microporus, Tabacinus and Funales of the
Genus Polystictus, 1910.

Synopsis of the Section Ovinus of Polyporus, 1911.

Synopsis of the Stipitate Polyporoids. 1912.

Letters Nos. 25-38, 1909-1911.
Vol. 4. Index. Vol. 4.

Mycological Notes, 38-41, 1912-1916.

Synopsis of the Genus Cladoderris 1913.

Synopsis of the Stipitate Stereums,' 1913.

Synopsis of the Genus Fomes, 1915.

Synopsis of the Cordyceps of Australasia. 1915.

Synopsis of the Section A pus of the Genus Polyporus, 1915.

Letters 39-61, 1912-1916.
Vol. 5. Index, Vol. 5.

Mycological Notes, Nos. 42-60.

The Genus Radulum, May, 1917.

The Geoglossaceae, May. 1916.

Synopsis Genera Large Pyrenomycetes, January, 1917.

Large Pyrenomycetes (2d Paper) July, 1919

Xyana Notes, No. i, September, '1918.

*/ Lla Notes- No- 2- December. 1918.

Myths of Mycology, December, 1917.

Letters Nos. 62-69.

MYCOLOGICAL NOTES.

BY O. G. L-L-OYD.
No. 42.

CINCINNATI, O. JUNE, 1916.

FRED. J. SEAVER.
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA

AT LOS A '•!?:." £LE •'
I A!\! O

FRED. J. SEAVER.

We present on the front page a photograph' of a rising young
American mycologist, who gives promise of doing good work in con-
nection with the subject. Mr. Seaver was graduated from Miami Uni-
versity, and his attention was first drawn to the fungus subject by
Dr. Fink. His first work in connection with the subject was a pub-
lication on the Discomycetes of Iowa, in 1904, in the Bulletin from
the Laboratories of Natural History, Iowa. The Discomycetes is a
section of American mycology that has only been well worked up
in part by Prof. Durand. The greater part of it is still in a chaotic
condition. Mr. Seaver's work on the Iowa species is really the only
good, systematic account we have, and his work only embraced a few
species. In this paper, Mr. Seaver is to be commended for using the
established names. Shortly before his paper appeared, an article on
the same subject relating to the Cincinnati species was published by
Morgan. It was one of Morgan's last papers. It was, from beginning
to end, simply a name juggle. Unfortunately, during the latter years
of his life Morgan seemed to have become infatuated with this method
of seeking notoriety. Therefore, much to Mr. Seaver's credit, he did
not in a single instance, in his Iowa work, follow this line. Mr.
Seaver is specializing on the Discomycetes and is engaged, we under-
stand, in reviewing the subject for the North American Flora. We
hope he will be conservative in his work for his owrn sake and for
American mycology.

ADDITIONAL NOTES ON GORDYCEPS.

I am particularly interested in Cordyceps. They are most
curious plants, usually developed from the bodies of some insect,
larva, or pupa. I trust any one who finds specimens will favor me
by simply drying and sending them to my address. The host should
always be dried and sent with the Cordyceps attached. If the species
is small and several are found, I should like a liberal collection. The
tropical species are very imperfectly known.

574

CORDYCEPS SOBOLIFERA (FIG. 808). FROM S. KAWA-
MURA, JAPAN. —We reproduce a photograph and interesting notes
of the species furnished by Mr. Kawamura. We received nine spec-
imens, all immature but one. The immature specimen shows mostly

Fig. 80S.

Cordyceps sobolifera.

a cluster of clubs near the apex of the stem. In the one fertile speci-
men all the clubs are abortive except one. This raises the question
if it is the same species as Cordyceps sobolifera,
originally from the West Indies. Tulasne's ac-
count and picture, which are all that is known
about the West Indian species, represent a
simple club. But it appears from his remarks
that the fertile club is borne in the same way as
shown in Mr. Kawamura's photograph. The peri-
thecia are prominent, but slightly imbedded
(Fig. 809, x6). The secondary spores are 2x8
linear, exactly as shown in Tulasne's figure (T. 1,
fig. 33). W7e think the Japanese and West Indian
species are the same, but we wish we could get
some specimens that grow on the Cicadidae in
the W'est Indies. Mr. Kawamura's account is as
follows:

"Three days ago I sent you several speci-
mens of Cordyceps sobolifera. This fungus occurs
in summer in house grounds under persimmon or
some other trees on which Cicadas like to sing.
The fungus is not rare, but rather common
through this country, as Cicadas outbreak very
abundantly in Japan. In summer everywhere we
go we find the Cicadas on trees singing noisily, and boys like to
catch the male ones (they do not like the female one, for it does not
sing at all) with long bamboo rods applied with bird's lime. I have

575

Fig. 809.

30 or more specimens of this fungus collected at several places. The
photograph enclosed here is of dry specimens or specimens preserved
in alcohol.

"Cordyceps nutans is the special product of Fukuoka prefecture
in Japan."

See additional account of Cordyceps sobolifera on page 585.

CORDYCEPS CAPITATA IN JAPAN. — In our last issue we did not in-
clude this as a species recorded from Japan. We note a drawing of the plant (Figs.
11, 12, Plate 13) in Illustrations of Japanese Fungi, published by the Bureau of
Forestry, and received since our article was written. The figure is evidently cor-
rectly named, though not as good as most of the figures of this excellent series.
The color is too dark, the fresh plant is much more yellow, also the tuber (host) at
base of the plant appears as though it were a part of the Cordyceps. They are
quite distinct from each other, and do not merge as those in the figure.

RARE SPECIES OF FUNGI RECEIVED FROM
CORRESPONDENTS,

SEBACINA AMESII (Fig. 810).— Pileus fleshy, pithy, tu-
bercular or compressed globose, 3-5 cm. in diameter, about one cm.
thick. Context white, 5-10 mm. thick, light and pithy, composed of
loosely woven hyphae. Surface appressed tomentose with soft,
agglutinate hairs, (Fig. 811 enlarged). Hymenium inferior, a thin,
fleshy layer contrasting in texture with the pithy context (Fig. 812

enlarged), warm buff color,
40 to 100 mic. thick, with
the numerous basidia im-
bedded at various depths.
Basidia (Fig. 813) globose,
12-16 mic., pale with gran-
ular contents, and finally
septate. Spores pyriform,
8x12 mic. hyaline, opaque,
smooth with a lateral api-
culus.

This characteristic and
evidently very rare species
departs from the genus Se-
bacina, as now considered,
in not being resupinate, but
having a thick, subglobose
pileus. On this account it
might well be made a new

, c . genus, but it is evidently

so close to Sebacma in structure and so similar to the common species,
bebacina mcrustans, in appearance, and particularly the hymenium,

genus * ^ ^ t0 S° °laSS h and enlarge the limits of the

Fig. sis.

-• iviy mena froicssor McGinty does not tal-«> tv. t • u -c

made now it will be as soon as «nmo view. He says if a "new genus" is not

sJHis^^

in which it was discove^ ^ulhlTecTrlffi^S^ ^K611^0113^ ^ ma"ner

576

Sebacina Amesii is evidently a very rare species. We received it
from Frank H. Ames, Brooklyn, N. Y. It does not occur in Prof.
Hurt's recent comprehensive accrtont of the species with "longi-

Fig. 810.

Sebacina Amesii.

Fig. 811.

Hairs on surface (X 6).

577

tudinally septate basidia" nor have I ever received it from any cor-
ndent excepting Mr. Ames. Both Miss Wakefield, at Kew, and
Rev Bourdot to whom I sent specimens, concur in the opinion that
it should be classed as a Sebacina. Rev. Bourdot kindly prepared
the fieur- (813) of the basidial structure.

In a recent letter, Mr. F. H. Ames gives an additional account of
it He states: "It grew in the grass on moss and presented a light,
frothv appearance. The most of it was in an old road or path that
had not been traveled for a long time and in rather thin, but moist
woods The weather was quite wet, or had been just previously. 1 he
color when fresh was white with a yellowish color in the hymenium
In drying it turned darker and took on a brownish hue. \\hen Iresn
it had a very perceptible odor of slippery elm."

CYTTARIA GUNNII (FIG. 814), FROM R. G. ROBIXSOX,
NEW ZEALAND.— The genus Cyttaria occurs only in the Southern
Hemisphere. Originally it came from Terra del Fuego and Darwin
gave an extended' notice of it. It occurs abundantly and is used as

Fig. 814.

Cyttaria Gunnii.

food by the natives of that country, but I think those poor devils
would eat most anything. It always grows on the branches of the
native beech. Six species are named, five of them from South America.
Cyttaria Gunnii is the only species in Australasia, and there I believe
only in Tasmania and New Zealand. It grows on Nothofagus Men-
ziesii. The South American species are solid and described mostly
as deep yellow or orange. Cyttaria Gunnii is hollow and the dried
specimen is white; slightly yellow when moistened. The spores are
incorrectly given and figured in Cooke's account as ellipsoid. They
are perfectly globose, measure 10-12 mic. smooth, hyaline, and are
filled with granular matter. The base of the plant is smooth, and
sterile, usually small, but in some specimens (as one photographed)
the smooth portion is over one third the fruit. The honeycombed
portion is the fertile portion, bearing the spores in asci lining the
pores. The asci are soon absorbed and not found in the old speci-
mens. This is the fourth collection I have of Cyttaria Gunnii, all
from New Zealand.

578

Fig. 815.

Hypoxylon cerebrinum.

HYPOXYLON CEREBRINUM (FIG. 815), FROM J. B.
HART, TRINIDAD.— We received this fine specimen from Mr.
Hart many years ago, but at that time we had not worked at
all on the large Pyrenomycetes. We sent it to Ellis, who advised
us that it was a new species, and proposed the name Hypoxylon
herculeum, but he never published it. It would have been a good
name. The plant was named by Fee from Brazil many years ago,
and it seems to me there must have been
some transposition of the type, or the descrip-
tion in Saccardo. I have not seen the original
publication. It is difficult to understand how
he could have described it as "Stipes connate
at the base," "Clubs with the apices dilated."
The description as compiled in Saccardo must
apply to Xylaria. However, his type is at

Paris, broken in pieces, and it is undoubtedly this plant. There are
also fragments at Kew (Fig. 816). As the name is quite applicable to
it, and is definitely fixed by the type in the museum at Paris and
Kew, there is nothing to do but continue it. Massee got a specimen
from Trinidad, which he named Daldinia aspera. It never was a
Daldinia, and as the original pieces of Fee's plant are at Kew, it
should not have been renamed there.

579

The generic position is a question. The context is carbonous,
not with concentric zones, hence not a Daldinia. The perithecia are
peripherical, the spores elliptical, deep color (10x28-32), and in its
structural features it is simply a giant Hypoxylon as classed by Cooke.
It is stretching things to call a plant as large as this an Hypoxylon, but
it is the best classification in my mind. I noted but two specimens
in the museums of Europe, viz., the original that Fee named Sphaeria
cerebrina, and the one from Trinidad, that was named Daldinia aspera.
Mr. Hart's specimen sent me seems to be the third of what is evi-
dently a very conspicuous but probably rare species.

POLYSTICTUS BIFORMIS (FIG. 817), FROM P. VAN DE
BIJL, SOUTH AFRICA. A SMOOTH FORM.— This is a very com-
mon species in the United States, but our plant has usually appressed
fibrils on the surface. As to pores, texture, color, spores, etc., it is

Fig. 817.

Polystictus biformis (smooth form).

very rare

580

Variable

, Irpex' Spores
none. In Europe it is a

<!* American p,aPnt is not
has been recorded under such

names as Trametes populina, Polyporus vulpinus (in error) and
Daedalea Schulzeri. From Cuba it was called Polyporus pallido-
cervinus, changed to pallidofulvellus, a useless change, as the Cuban
plant is the same as our common American plant. In Africa it ap-
pears rare, but this is the second collection I have, both smooth
surface. I do not know that this smooth form has a name, nor do I
feel that it should have a distinctive name.

Fig. 818.

Gramnothele mappa.

Fig. 819.

Same enlarged.

Fig. 820.

Gramnothele line

pines (G. cineracea).

Fig. 821.

Gramnothele cineracea.

GRAMNOTHELE MAPPA,
FROM P. VAN DE BIJL, SOUTH
AFRICA. — This is an ambiguous,
tropical genus, lying between Hyd-
naceae and Polyporaceae. It is
classed in the former in Saccardo,
but the hymenium is sometimes
decidedly polyporoid, as in a species
recently named from the Philip-
The surface is covered with minute granules,

visible to the eye. The genus was originally from Cuba and embraced
four species (all probably the same), the different hymenial aspects be-
ing due probably to different positions of growth. I am not sure that
the South African plant is the same as the Cuban. It should be com-
pared under the microscope. But to the eye it is the same. On sec-

581

tioning the South African plant, clavate, hyaline bodies are seen,
which I presume are basidia, also there are bodies of about the same
size and shape, filled with colored contents, which I presume are
gloeocvstidia, but nothing that resembles the "emergences figured
by Patouillard, hence there is a doubt if the South African is the
same as the Cuban species.

We present figures of authentic Gramnothele mappa (big. 818),
and Gramnothele lineata (Fig. 820) from Cuba, also an enlarged
figure of the hymenium of Gramnothele mappa (Fig. 819). We also
present figure of Gramnothele cineracea (Fig. 821) (recently named
from the Philippines), which is simply a granular Poria. The latter
species, which is quite distinct from the Cuban plant, is peculiar in
the way in which it affects the wood, as shown in our figure, the
most notable character the plant has, but not mentioned in the
original description.

LYCOPERDON ALBIDUM (FIG. 822), FROM JOHN A.
STEVENSON, PORTO RICO.— I believe this is the first time I have
gotten it, and the types at Kew are so poor I could tell but little

from them, and they should never
have been named. I am glad they
were, however, for it gives us a name,
and a quite suitable one, and from
Mr. Stevenson's specimens we derive
a clear idea of the characters of the
plant.

Lycoperdon albidum grows gre-
Fig 822 gariously on logs and has a strong,

mycelial development, resembling very

much unopened specimens of Geaster mirabilis. Peridium globose,
white, about a cm. in diameter. Cortex furfuraceous. Gleba pale
olive color. Sterile base none. Capillitium scanty, represented by a
few hyaline hyphae. Spores very pale under the glass, globose or ir-
regular, 4-5 mic. not apiculate, smooth. The surface of spores is uneven,
but not tubercular. Lycoperdon albidum was named in mss. by
Cooke from two imperfect specimens from Brazil. It was published
in Massee's monograph, with a short description about as imperfect
as the specimen. The two leading features of the plant are the
abundant mycelial development and the almost entire absence of
capillitium. I do not recall any other species with such scanty
threads.

IRPEX VELLEREUS (FIG. 823), FROM P. VAN DE BIJL,
SOUTH AFRICA. — This species is remarkable for the soft, spongy
flesh, also characterized by dense encrusted metuloids on the hy-
menium. It was named from Ceylon, but I only have it from South
Africa. The hymenium of this specimen is more polyporoid than
irpicoid, and it would be better classed as Polystictus. However, it
varies in this respect, and the previous specimens were not badly
classed as Irpex.

582

Fig. 823.

Irpex vellereus.

SEBACINA DENDROIDEA.— I sent a specimen of this mys-
terious plant (cfr. Myc. Notes, p. 538) to Rev. Bourdot, and here
present his interesting report. It will be noted that Rev. Bourdot
suggests that it is not an autonomous species, but a "mycelial ex-
pansion" of the Fomes on which it is found. It is a new theory, and
one that impresses me as having some basis.

"Votre Sebacina? ? dendroidea est bien curieux. Ce n'est pas
un Sebacina surement! Je crois que c'est une expansion myceliale
conidifere du Ganoderma. Remarquez
que les hyphes (Fig. 824) ont la meme -~\
forme, la meme ramification, et don-
nent les memes reactions, que les
hyphes hyalines qui recouvrent la
marge du Ganoderma applanatum, et
tapissent I'interieur des tubes. Le
mode de formation das conidies sur
ces filaments ne sont pas bien nets
pour moi. Le point d'attache doit
§tre tres fragile. II y a de rares cas
d'adherence que j'ai cru observer. II
y a des points ou les extremites de ces
hyphes sont tellement serries et enche-
vetrees, qu'on ne distingue plus rien; et c'est la precisement que les
conidies du Ganoderma sont le plus abondantes.

Apres Thelephora, Hymenochaete, Sebacina, c'est une nouvelle
hypothese: Ganoderma, que je vous soumets." — H. Bourdot.

Fig. 824.

583

Fig. 825.

A FUNGUS?— I received from H. L. Hammerstein, German
East Africa, a curious thing (Fig. 825) that looks something like a
dried phalloid, but I doubt if it is a fungus
at all, although I can not suggest what it
is. It forms a lattice work like a Clathrus,
with granular surface. When soaked, the
tissue is composed of these granules,
loosely coherent, and easily crumbled
under pressure. Mashed under the mi-
croscope, these granules are seen to be
formed of thick, short, tubular hyphae,
12 mic. in diameter, with thick walls, and
similar to the hyphae of a fungus. Ad-
herent to the surface like the gleba of a
phalloid, is a dark, amorphous substance
that under the microscope is not resolved into any definite structure,
and has nothing analogous to spores, basidia or asci. The thing is a
mystery to me, and I publish a photograph hoping it may come to
the notice of some one who is informed on the subject and can throw
some light on it.

CORDYCEPS SOBOLIFERA (Fig. 826).— Since our article on
the Japanese Cordyceps sobolifera (page 575) has been in type we
were most agreeably gratified to receive from L. J. K. Brace, Ba-
hamas, a fine specimen (Fig. 826) of this species from the West Indies,
the original home. Cordyceps sobolifera was named
(Clavaria sobolifera) and figured crudely by Watson
in Philosophical Transactions in 1761. He called it
"The Vegetable Fly," and to illustrate the crude ideas
they had of the nature of Cordyceps in those early
days we reproduce his remarks: — "The Vegetable Fly
is found in the Island Dominica, and (excepting that
it has no wings) resembles the drone, both in size and
colour, more than any other English insect. In the
month of May it buries itself in the earth and begins
to vegetate. By the latter end of July the tree ar-
rives at its full growth and resembles a coral branch,
and is about three inches high, and bears several little
pods which dropping off, become worms, and from
thence flies, like the English caterpillar."

Cordyceps sobolifera is peculiar among the
species of Cordyceps in its method of bearing fruit.
__ Tulasne mentions it indefinitely, but his figure which
a. 826. was ma(ie from an imperfect specimen, does not
show it. The fertile clubs are three, as shown in our figure, but
usually only one, and generally deformed. The secondary spores are
very narrow, about 1x8-12 mic. At the base of the fertile clubs
bearing these ascus spores are a cluster of abortive processes To the
eye they are same texture and color as the fertile clubs, but the mi-
croscope shows that they bear only conidial spores. These are hyaline,
narrowly elliptical, about 4x8 mic.

584

Recently Cordyceps sobolifera has been found in Japan (cfr.
page 575) by S. Kawamura, and an abundant collection sent to me.
The Japanese specimens were all, with one imperfect exception, im-
mature, but in the photograph that Mr. Kawamura sends (Fig. 808)
a perfect specimen is shown. The host, and microscopic details of
the West Indian and Japanese plant are the same, and there can be
no question of the identity of the species. The only difference I can
note is that the West Indian is much darker color.

There were other references to the plant in old works of Natural
History of West Indies all more than a hundred years ago. Since
those old days Berkeley and Tulasne have both received specimens
and given accounts and figures, Berkeley in 1845 and Tulasne in
1865. No specimens are now preserved in either of their herbariums,
nor in any museums of Europe as far as I have found. The plant is
usually abortive or deformed and there is much variation in the old
crude cuts. There is no evidence that such a perfect specimen as
Mr. Brace sends was ever before collected.

CLATHRUS CRISPUS (Fig. 827).— Two hundred years ago
Plumier gave a crude figure of a phalloid which has been recognized
as evidently the same as Clathrus crispus,
which was finely, though it appears not
accurately, figured by Turpin, Dictionaire
des Sciences Naturelles, Atlas, plate 49,
about 1820. This figure (cfr. Syn. Phal-
loids, (Fig. 76) is perfectly globose with
large, isometric meshes. I have never seen
any specimens corresponding to this figure.
Father Schupp, from Brazil, sent me a
photograph of a phalloid with same upper
meshes, but the lower greatly elongated.
This photograph was reproduced in Syn-
opsis of Phalloids, Fig. 71, and called
Clathrus Americanus. Mr. L. J. K. Brace
has just sent me a dried specimen (Fig.
827) which has the meshes equal on one
side and elongated on the other. There is
no doubt it is the old, lost Clathrus crispus
and it is also Clathrus Americanus. It also explains the Clathrus
pseudo-crispus of the Phalloid pamphlet (Fig. 77). The truth in
mycology is very elusive, but it finally filters out. Our best thanks
are tendered to Mr. Brace for the specimen clearing up this subject.

HELP! HELP! ! HELP! ! !

A general alarm has been sent out by the New York Botanical
Gardens for four species of Agarics that mysteriously escaped having
Murrill's name affixed in a recent issue of their publication. It was
the intention to add the name Murrill to all 311 species, but by some
slip four got away. A liberal reward will be paid to any one who
will capture one of these mavericks and bring it back into the fold.

Fig. 827.

LYSURUS MOKUSIN IN THE UNITED
STATES— We present (figure 828) a photograph of
this species dried, which was found growing in a green-
house at Chico, California, by Mr. David Griffiths, and
forwarded to us through the kindness of L. C. C.
Krieger, of California. An imperfect figure of the
plant was given in our Phalloid Synopsis (page 37).
In this specimen (Fig. 828) the volva has broken cir-
cumscissally and the top carried up covering the arms.
The home of Lysurus Mokusin is China and Japan.
It is one of the first foreign phalloids known and was
figured in 1774 by Father Cibot, a missionary in China.
It was no doubt introduced into the greenhouse at
Chico with foreign plants. Our best thanks are ex-
tended to Mr. Griffiths and Mr. Krieger
for the specimen and record.

PSEUDOCOLUS ROTHAE.— We
have from Prof. Yasuda, Japan, a draw-

ing (Fig. 829) and description of this
species as follows: — "The fungus is 4-6
cm. high. Three arms are joined at the
apex, of reddish orange and obtusely tri-
angular, wrinkled, porous-celled, 2.5-4
cm. long. Stipe light yellow, 7 mm.
thj^ sometimes not extending be-
yond the volva. Volva whitish 2x1.8 cm. with a ,
long root. Spores long — elliptical, smooth, hyaline, •
2x5 mic."

This answers well to the original description of
Bailey (cfr. Phal. Australia, p. 20) also crude figure
at Kew (cfr. Syn. Phal. Fig. 69). It is surely same
plant as Pseudocolus Javanicus (Myc. Notes, page
456, Fig. 272), also probably the original from Java
by Penzig (cfr. Syn. Phal. Fig. 66), although the
figure is misleading in its reticulate surface, if that is
the case. Also I think without question, it is same
as Pseudocolus rugulosus (Syn. Phal., page 52, Fig. 67)
based on an old figure from Java. It is probably the
only species of Pseudocolus in the East. Fig 829

POLYPORACEAE OF THE MIDDLE- WESTERN UNITED STATES.
BY L. O. OVERHOLTS.

It is extremely gratifying to me to be able to give strong approval to a work
issued on mycology. It is an excellent work. It is the first comprehensive and
reasonably accurate account that has been given of the subject. Mr. Overholts
has selected his names, in most instances, I think, with good judgment, and prac-
tically all are of established usage. There are a few of his names that are, accord-
ing to my ideas, not meritorious, but compared with the great bulk of the work,
they are not worth quibbling over.

Mr. Overholts has abandoned the genus Polystictus and refers all species to
586

Fig. 828.

the genus Polyporus. In a work covering a restricted territory and with a limited
number of species, this is practically the best and easiest thing to do. There are
no distinct lines between Polyporus and Polystictus, and to call them all Polyporus
is an easy way of avoiding several embarrassing species. The only logical ground
on which Polystictus can be maintained is that Polyporus has a 'large bulk, and
that any plan cutting it up to a reasonable extent helps it along, and Polystictus
is well established by custom.

Mr. Overholts has introduced a new method of citing authorities that is new
to me, and while I think it may be criticised and is cumbersome, it is much prefer-
able to the old method that has been used. Thus, we read Fomes scutellatus, Schw.
ex. Cooke, Fomes ohiensis, Berk. ex. Murrill, Fomes pini, Thore ex. Lloyd, etc.
While I consider it is an immaterial detail, it is at least honest, and far less confus-
ing than the way some of our English friends would cite the same things, namely,
Fomes scutellatus, Cooke, Fomes ohiensis, Murrill, Fomes pini, Lloyd. It also
looks better than the old method of putting the author's names in parenthesis and
then adding the name of the man who puts it in a genus. Thus, Fomes scutellatus,
(Schw.), Cooke. This is the usual way of citing, and it is objectionable, for it looks
on the face of it as though Schweinitz was a side issue and Cooke was the main part.
The whole system is in the process of decay, and I am glad to see the "ex." in Mr.
Overholts' work, because it is a preliminary step to the exit of Mr. Cooke and
others who have gotten so much dead-head advertising in this way. According to
my opinion, the name Fomes scutellatus is all that need be cited regarding the name
of the plant.

Mr. Overholts' method of name citing is also, in many instances, misleading
to anyone who does not know the facts in the matter. Thus, " Polyporus rheades,
Persoon, ex Fries" may look well and be according to form, but the truth is, Fries
knew nothing about Polyporus rheades of Persoon, did not recognize it when he saw
it, but discovered it as a "new species." What practical good there is therefore in
citing Mr. Fries' name to Polyporus rheades even as "ex," I am unable to understand.
I have no doubt Mr. Overholts is thoroughly conscientious in his citations, and
probably thinks he has added something to the subject, but there is so much in his
publication that is gratifying that it is not worth while debating over immaterial
matters.

Very few works on mycology have ever been issued with as few errors as there
are in this work of Overholts' (excepting the errors of his advertisements, which
would be of no value if they were correct), and very few have ever been issued that
will prove so practical and useful.

The publication forms one of the Washington University studies, and I believe
is not on sale. The only unfortunate fact about it is that it is not published in book
form, for I believe a work of such merit should be in considerable demand.

DISCREPANCIES IN MR. OVERHOLTS' PAPER.

We give above a notice of Mr. Overholts' latest work on Polyporus. As we
state, we believe it is not only the best, but the only practical and sensible work
published, and devoted to the American species. Most of the work, the descrip-
tions, the microscopic details, was original with Mr. Overholts and was most ex-
cellently and accurately done. In his conception of the species and the names he
uses he is in the main in accord with me. Of the hundred and thirty-two species
considered, he takes one hundred and seventeen in the same sense that I do and
uses exactly the same names that I do. It is quite evident that he has been a close
student of my publications, and has followed me in the main. Of course, that is
quite gratifying to me, particularly as in his first paper, under the influence of Prof.
Fink, who did not know the first elements of the subject, he, after getting the most
of his information from me, and from my museum, repudiated as a whole my idea
of employing the established nomenclature. We itemize below the few (fifteen)
instances where Mr. Overholts does not accord with me in the names used for the
plants. All of them were well known to Mr. Overholts and most of them are simply
questions of choice between two synonyms which is preferable to use. Mr. Over-
holts has done perfectly right to choose the one that appeals to him, and I believe
the only way that nomenclature will finally reach stability is for authors to use
this discretion and omit their advertisements. In a few instances I may change
and follow Mr. Overholts, as in the case of Polyporus humilis for Polyporus frac-

587

398415

does for it must be admitted it is a kind of nonsense to call a plant "fractipes"
because the type specimen happened to have had its stipe broken. As Mr Over-
holts does not in a single instance resort to that old, fraudulent argument, the chief
stock in trade of all professional name jugglers, "the rights of priority," we are not
disnosed to quibble with him over minor differences of opinion. We itemize the few
discrepancies for the benefit of those who are sending plants to us for identification,
and who are fortunate enough to have Mr. Overholts' work for study and reference.

Polyporus Bartholomaei is velutinus.

Polyporus pennsylvanicus is palhdus as named by Peck and probably correct.
It is much closer to squamulosus than to any other species.

Polyporus humilis is fractipes. Humilis is the best name, for fractipes was

p'olyporus planellus is only a juggle for Polyporus planus. Romell claims it is
stereoides of Europe. (Cfr. Note 358.)

Polyporus Lloydii is Polystictus Greyn.

Polyporus guttulatus is Polyporus alutaceus.

Polyporus fibrillosus is Polyporus aurantiacus.

Polyporus Tsugae is Polyporus lucidus. The original author (Murrill) thought
it was not lucidus because he thought lucidus had pores in strata. That was only
a bull. In the sense of Overholts it is the acerous wood form of lucidus, and I do
not believe it can be distinguished without knowing the host.

Polyporus resinosus. I call this fuscus now for reasons stated many times in
detail. Resinosus is much used, but is a very bad name for it.

Polyporus nidulans is Polyporus rutilans.

Fomes albogriseus is surely only young officinalis.

Fomes Ellisianus is for me same species as Fomes fraxinophilus on a different

"Fomes fulvus Scopoli ex Gillet " is a different plant from "Fomes f ulvus Scopoli
ex Fries," which is still a different plant from " Fomes fulvus Scopoli ex Marcucciana, "
which is still a different plant from "Fomes fulvus Scopoli ex Schaeffer," which is
still a different plant, etc., etc., etc. I believe there are six different men who have
passed on "Fomes fulvus Scopoli," each with a different plant, and I am forced to
the conclusion that none of them really know much about what Scopoli did name.
Why Mr. Gillet should be singled out as the wise one of the lot I do not know.

Fomes lobatus was based on a distortion. The author had no idea, however
vague, concerning it as a species. Mr. Overholts takes it in the sense as pointed
out by Morgan as a species, and Morgan was the first to formulate a specific idea in
connection with it. I do not set myself up as a model of honesty, but I think there
are few more dishonest things done than to take your ideas of a species from one
man and your names from another who happened to stumble over a distortion.

Trametes rigida. I judge Overholts has the species right, but record of dis-
tribution is based on a different plant. I doubt if Trametes rigida occurs in either
of the states mentioned.

Trametes Peckii. When Peck was groping around for names for the common
things he found, he sent several specimens to Kalchbrenner, which are still pre-
served at Berlin. Kalchbrenner's determinations were only a joke. Thus he de-
termined Fomes pini as Daedalea confragosa and others about the same way. He
discovered that the common Trametes hispida was a "new species" which he called
Trametes Peckii. Every one who has seen the specimen at Berlin, Bresadola, Mur-
rill and myself, has referred it to Trametes hispida, but Mr. Overholts evidently
considers we were all mistaken. I would not object to holding Trametes Peckii as
the light colored form of Trametes hispida (corresponding to Daedalea ochracea
as a color form of Daedalea unicolor), but it is a mistake to substitute it for
Trametes hispida.

Lenzites vialis is Lenzites trabea in the sense of Orth and European my-
cology, whatever it may be in sense of Persoon.

Favolus rhipidium is called also Polyporus rhipidium and Gloeoporus rhipi-
dium, and it is not very good as either. It is a poorer Favolus, however, than either
of the other two. I observed it fresh in Florida last winter and concluded it would
not be bad in the genus Gloeoporus if I thought that the genus Gloeoporus was
worth maintaining. The entire plant when fresh is somewhat "waxy," but that is
: idea from Gloeoporus with fleshy context and gelatinous pores.

588

MYCOLOGICAL NOTES.

BY C. G. LLOYD.

No. 43.

CINCINNATI, O. SEPTEMBER, 1916.

I

GEORGE E. MORRIS.
UNIVERSITY OF CAT. IF'

AT f/K A

JAN 201942

GEORGE E. MORRIS.

On the first page of this pamphlet we present a photograph of
the late George E. Morris, who on July 5th, died at his home at
Waltham, Mass. For many years Mr. Morris was a leader in
matters both botanical and mycological in the East, and probably
no one had a better knowledge of the indigenous plants of his region
in Massachusetts. He was a teacher of drawing and an artist of ex-
cellent abilities, as well as a botanist. These accomplishments enabled
him during his lifetime to prepare colored drawings of the greater
part of the flowering plants and agarics of his region. These draw-
ings we have never seen, but are told that they are of excellent merit
and very extensive as to number. We do not know what arrange-
ments have been made for their preservation and use, but hope they
will be preserved in connection with the mycological work at Harvard.
It is quite likely that Dr. Farlow's splendid set of exsiccatae and draw-
ings will be left to Harvard, and if Mr. Morris' drawings are also
secured they will make a collection unequaled in any other institution.

Mr. Morris was 63 years of age at the time of his death. The
photograph that we present was taken about fifteen years previous.
He was one of my esteemed correspondents, and as fine a collector
as ever placed specimens before me. I always looked forward to the
receipt of a fine lot of rare specimens from him every year. On the
date of his death, a full account of his life and works was given in
the Daily Press and Tribune, of Waltham, Mass., which is preserved
in the Lloyd Library.

CORRECTION.

FRED J. SEAVER. — In my article concerning Mr. Seaver in
the last issue of Mycological Notes, I made an error which I take
pleasure in correcting, as advised by Mr. Seaver.

"I graduated first from the Morning Side College, Iowa, later
from the State University of Iowa, and began work in mycology
under the direction of Professor Macbride. I never attended Miami
University, and have never been a student of Dr. Fink's, although I
have always been associated with him in an indirect way."

590

ADDITIONAL NOTES ON CORDYCEPS.

I am particularly interested in Cordyceps. They are most
curious plants, usually developed from the bodies of some insect,
larva, or pupa. I trust any one
who finds specimens will favor me
by simply drying and sending to
my address. The host should
always be dried and sent with the
Cordyceps attached. If the species
is small and several are found, I
should like a liberal collection.
The tropical species are very im-
perfectly known.

Fig. 830.

Cordyceps Sphingum. Fig. 830, from Tula

Fig. 831.

Fig. 831, clubs enlarged 6 i

CORDYCEPS SPHINGUM (Figs. 830 and 831).— We have re-
ceived for inspection, from Archibald H. Ritchie, Government En-
tomologist of Jamaica, a cotype specimen of what Ellis called, from
the West Indies, Cordyceps Cockerellii (originally Ophionectria
Cockerellii), and it proves to be typically the well-known Cordyceps
Sphingum which was well illustrated by Tulasne. Schweinitz found
a conidial growth on a sphinx moth which he named Isaria Sphingum.
Tulasne found a Cordyceps on the same moth, on insects from West
Indies, in the museum at Paris, and assuming that it was the perfect

591

form of Schweinitz? species, called it Torrubia Sphingum. Berkeley
received specimens from Cuba of Tulasne's plant which he records
as Cordyceps Sphingum, and had the nerve to write "B. & C."
after it.

It seems not to be a rare species in the West Indies, and I only
know it from southern United States. Ellis referred here a Cor-
dyceps growing on a cocoon in New Jersey. I have not seen it, but
as Ellis did not know Cordyceps Sphingum when he received it grow-
ing on the true host from the "type locality," he probably did not
correctly determine it when he found something on a different host,
and in a region from which no one else ever found the species. Cooke
states that Cordyceps Sphingum has been found in Switzerland, but
I do not know the source of this statement. We present a figure
originally from Tulasne, showing the moth bearing the Cordyceps
clubs. These are slender, quite numerous, and proceed from differ-
ent portions of the body of the insect. The perithecia are superficial
and scattered along the stroma. We also present a figure (831) of
the separate clubs enlarged (x6). This photograph was made from
the Cuban collection at Kew.

SYNONYMS. — As previously stated, Cordyceps Cockerellii (the cotype) is
typically Cordyceps Sphingum. The type at New York has shorter clubs, merely
a variation, on which was based the "species." Moeller gives a fine figure of Cor-
dyceps Sphingum bearing the perithecia more collected near the middle of the
stroma, under the name Cordyceps Moelleri, discovered by Hennings. There is a

Fig. 832.

my mind that Cordyceps locustiphila, Cordyceps tarapotensis
rj Lieana, all Henmngs discoveries from Brazil, although growing on
AVU ' a?, a11 vanatlons of Cordyceps Sphingum.
Fie 83 iM?} nfr T16 his a^Cle> he found in Berkeley's herbarium a specimen
which Curtt h/H C°rdyc,ePs bPh"?g"m with well developed contiguous perithecia,
with the u-nalhnll«Te^ (mSS) Cuor^ceP.s »sarioides. He proceeded to publish it

\\Iln tne USU3,1 DUllS. I HP «nr»r^c V»o rl^c-^^IK^,, „„ ^! m-r --T-t

592

CORDYCEPS CLAVULATA (Figs. 833 and 834).— Mr. Ritchie
also submits specimens of the Black scale (Saissetia nigra) with im-
perfect clubs of a Cordyceps, no doubt undeveloped Cordyceps
clavulata, the only species known to occur on a scale insect in America.
The history of the species is as follows:

Schweinitz (1834) under the name Sphaeria clavulata described
a plant growing on oak branches. No specimen exists in his herba-
rium, and although he took the dead host for the subiculum, the
description can refer to nothing but this plant as no doubt correctly
interpreted by Peck (1876). Peck found it growing on scale insects
on Ash, and his specimens were distributed in de Thumen's exsicc.
1258, and Roumeguere, 4782. In the meantime Berkeley (1861) had
found it in Britain on the Wych-elm growing
on a "sclerotoid substance" which Cooke
states is a female Coccus. Berkeley named

•JU

Fig. 833. Fig. 834.

Cordyceps clavulata Fig. 833, the scale insect bearing the clubs. Fig. 834, same enlarged 6 diameters.

it Cordyceps pistillariaeformis and gave his usual scanty description,
but a very good figure in Ann. & Mag., Plate 16 (1861). Cooke
recognized Berkeley's specimen as the same as Peck's collection, but
employed Berkeley's name. This is the only collection known from
England. I did not find it at Kew, but Cooke states in his day it
was preserved and labeled by Berkeley, Cordyceps pachybasis. In
this country it has also been collected by Dearness in Canada, Seaver
in North Dakota, but it is so small that it is rarely found. In Europe
fine specimens have been recently collected in Austria on Lecanium
and distributed (Wien, No. 1817). Our illustration (Fig. 833) is
made from these collections. The best developed specimens we have
noticed are in Peck's museum from which our enlargement (Fig. 834)
was made. As our figures tell the whole story, there is no use describ-
ing it.

I believe there is but one other Cordyceps recorded on scale
insects, viz., Cordyceps coccigena, which was beautifully illustrated

593

by Tulasne from a species of Coccus from New Guinea, 50 years ago.
Nothing is known of it excepting Tulasne's account, and no material
is in Tulasne's herbarium. The heads are globose, differing in shape
from those of Cordyceps clavulata, but it may develop in time that
they are variations of the same thing.

LYSURUS GARDNERI.

LYSURUS GARDNERI (Fig. 835).— We present herewith a
sketch of Lysurus Gardneri, recently sent us by C. C. Brittlebank,
Melbourne. In our Phalloid Synopsis, we
^^jV presented nine species of Lysurus, and the

v^tv-'^ lk evidence since is. that four of them, viz.,

Lysurus Gardneri (Ceylon), Lysurus Austra-
liensis (Australia), Lysurus borealis (United
States) and Lysurus Clarazianus (Argentina)
are all one and the same thing. We have be-
lieved it for a long time, and there was no
longer any room for doubt on the appearance
of "Notes on Australian Fungi No. 2,"
August, 1915, by Dr. Cleland and Edwin
Cheel. We suspected it from the first, but
Professor Fetch main-
tained that Lysurus
Gardneri had its arms
joined by a membrane
at the apices, which
was not the case as far
as known in the other
species. Messrs. Cle-
land and Cheel have
satisfactorily ex-
plained this. In Aus-
tralia, while the arms
are usually free, they
are sometimes "united
at the apex by a thin
membrane which gives
the specimen a some
what clathrate appear-
ance." The figure 836
which we reproduce
from Messrs. Cleland
and Cheel presents the top of a young specimen with two of the
arms joined. Mr. Brittlebank's sketch (Fig. 835) shows the arms
connivent, as they are at first. They afterwards spread out, as
shown in the fine photograph by Hollis Webster, published in
Mycological Notes, page 513.

There is a long story connected with the species. First it was
sent Berkeley from Ceylon and named Lysurus Gardneri. It is rare

594

Fig. 835.

in Ceylon, but recently collected by Professor Fetch. One collection
reached Kew from Australia (Bailey, Brisbane River) which Cooke
named Lysurus Australiensis, and gave in the Handbook a most
inaccurate and exaggerated drawing of it. It seems to not be common
in Australia, though there are twelve collections in the National
Herbarium, Sydney. Fischer gives a very good figure of it from
Argentina under the name Lysurus Clarazianus. The European and
American history is all recent, for it is supposed to be introduced into
both these countries. With us it was first collected at East Galway,
New York, by Professor Burt in 1893. He published it as Anthurus
borealis, under a misconception of the genus Anthurus. A few sta-
tions were added from time to time (cfr. Myc. Notes, pp. 183, 219 and
515), and of late years it is sometimes found in abundance. It seems
to grow where sod has been turned and rotted. In Europe it has
been collected once in Germany and twice in England (cfr. Syn.
Phalloids, p. 40), no doubt adventitious. The native home of the
species is probably the East (Ceylon and Australia). Cleland and
Cheel consider that Mutinus pentagonus (Syn Phalloids, Fig. 28) is
the same plant. I examined the specimens at Kew and I thought
the arms were consolidated in one piece. If they separate, then I
think it is Lysurus Mokusin of China, which differs from Lysurus
Gardneri in having an angular, fluted stem.' Petch in his latest
work insisted that the Ceylonese plant and Australian are not the
same.

RARE SPECIES OF FUNGI RECEIVED FR3M
CORRESPONDENTS.

PAXILLUS AUREUS, FROM J. B. CLELAND, AUSTRALIA

(Fig. 837). — Resupinate, or
rather pileate and dorsally ad-
nate. Pileus with pale yellow
context, and raised, pubescent
margin. Gills strongly venose
connection. Spores small, sub-
hyaline, l>^-2 x3-4.

In its habits, appearance,
color, context and spores this
is so close to Merulius aureus,
that there is a suspicion in my
mind it is a hymenial variant of

it, but no similar plant occurs in Europe. The gills are similar to
those of Paxillus panuoides.

The old system of fungus classification on hymenial configuration
is the best that can be devised, but it is not entirely natural. When
we become familiar with them we often recognize very close relation-
ships between plants of widely different genera.

PAULIA RESINACEA, FROM J. T. PAUL, AUSTRALIA
(Figs. 838, 839 and 840).— Many curious fungi reach me, but nothing
ever before as novel as this. I hardly know where to place it, though

595

I do not doubt it should be classed in the Gastromycetes. There is
nothing similar in any respect.

Plant 4-5 cm. high, 2 cm. thick. Peridium brittle, resinous,
bearing little grains of resinous substance like lac, apparently an
exudation. Columella of pale tissue, reaching beyond the middle.
Hymenial plates carbonous, black, closely packed, proceeding from
the columella and terminating in brown apices, not reaching the

Fig. 839.

Fig. 840.

Paulia resinacea. Fig. 838. natural size. Fig. 839, section. Fig. 840, surface (enlarged).

peridium. Spores globose, 6 mic. pale brown color with minutely
tubercular surface, are borne densely covering the carbonous plates.
It is difficult to suggest an analogy for this curious thing. There
are no other genera of true Gastromycetes with carbonous plates.
In the genera Gyrophragmium and Montagnites we have somewhat
similar plates, but these genera do not have true peridia, and are in
tact nearer to Agarics than to Gastromvcetes. Nor do I know of
any other fungus with such curious exudation. It looks like lac, but
it is neither a true resin nor a gum, for it is soluble in neither boiling
alcohol nor water. I have no information as to its habits, but hope
Mr. Paul will advise me further in this respect.

596

THELEPHORA JAPONICA, FROM A. YASUDA, JAPAN
(Fig. 841). — I think a good
species, as named by Professor
Yasuda. Close to Thelephora pa-
pillosa (Letter No. 54). Same hy-
menium and spores, the latter
typically Thelephora spores. Dif-
fers in its dark, fibrillose surface,
and apparently in its method of
growth. These two species, both
from Japan, are the only Thele-
phoras known to me with per-
manent, papillate hymenium.

Fig. 841.

A CONIDIAL XYLARIA (?) (Fig. 842).— Some years ago
we received from Dr. Mary Whet-
stone, Minnesota, a curious and ev-
idently rare fungus that we have
never been able to satisfactorily ex-
plain. It consisted of pale, woody,
clavate bodies proceeding from a hard
sclerotoid base. We assume that it
is the earlier or conidial stage of some
Xylaria, but no Xylaria is known in
this country or Europe that is de-
veloped from a sclerotium. In the
East there is a species Xylaria nig-
ripes, that is produced from a sclero-
tium and usually (always, perhaps)
found on the ant hills. Prof. Fetch
has published very full accounts of
it. We do not give it a name, for we
do not believe in naming things when
one does not know what they are,
but it is very curious, and we hope
will come again to the notice of some
of our correspondents. The sclero-
tium is very hard and the specimen
has the appearance of having been split off from a larger mass.

HYDNUM HENNINGSII, FROM MISS A. V. DUTHIE,
SOUTH AFRICA.— This is the first well-developed specimen of this
species that has been collected. The original was resupinate with
deformed tubercules. This is dimidiate, four inches in diameter,
yellow when fresh and evidently conspicuous when growing. The flesh
of the dried plant is bright, but pale yellow. The teeth well formed,
but brown, contrasting with the yellow flesh. Spores are 4x6, ellip-
tical, smooth, colored. Hydnums with colored spores are rare. None
occur in Europe or the United States. But four are known to me,
one from South America, one from China, this one from South Africa,
and an unnamed species from Cuba that I saw in the museum at
Paris. I have previously received Hydnum Henningsii from I. B.
Pole Evans, Pretoria, South Africa, which, however, was resupinate.

597

STEREUM ELEGANS, FROM
MRS. A. V. KIRKWOOD, AUS-
TRALIA (Fig. 843).— We have re-
ceived from Mrs. Kirkwood, Australia,
a fine specimen of this species (Fig.
843), with a long tap root. The spe-
cies is frequent in warm countries,
particularly in Australia. We have
about 20 collections, but no other has
this long root feature. WTe do not
know that it is a constant character.
Some collections appear to have had
the root broken off, but others do not
appear to have had it.

Fig. 843.

Fig. 844.

IRPEX VELLEREUS, FROM P.
VAN DER BIJL, AFRICA (Fig.
844). — Young condition with the hy-
menium in radiate ridges, hence a
Radulum in this state. We gave in My-
cological Notes No. 42, a photograph
of the developed plant. Notwith-
standing the very different appearance
of the hymenium, the context, surface,
and all other features are exactly the
same, and we can not question that it
is a younger development of the same
plant.

598

EXIDIA JAPONICA, FROM PROFESSOR A. YASUDA,
JAPAN (Figs. 845, 846 and 847).— Gyrose, applanate. Color dark,
almost black. When moist (Fig. 845) 2-3 mm. thick. When dry
(Fig. 846), a thin, ridged membrane less than a mm. thick. Tissue

Fig. 845.

Exidia Japonica

Fig. 846.

hyaline with a few dark hyphae inter-
posed, which are dense, forming a thin,
dark surface layer. Surface densely
covered with fasciculate bundles of pro-
jecting hyphae (papillae) which when
moist are dark, but when dry are white.
Basidia 7-8 x 8-10, cruciate, imbedded
in the dark surface layer. Spores not
found.

There are several species of Exidia
with similar structure, viz., the common
Exidia glandulosa, Exidia truncata and
Exidia spiculosa (in the sense of Tu-
lasne). The latter is not for me the same
as Exidia glandulosa, as usually re-
ferred.

Exidia Japonica is close to Exidia
glandulosa. It is more firm, dries in
a thicker layer, the tissue is hyaline (colored in Exidia glandulosa),
and it is the only species known to me with white papillae when
dry. The papillae of other species are concolorous and are hardly
noticeable on dried specimens. The structure of Exidia spiculosa
was first correctly shown by Tulasne (1873). Our enlargement
(Fig. 847) will show the dense, white papillae on which the species
rests.

599

Fig. 847.

Fig. 848.

POLYSTICTUS (OR TRAMETES) CUNEATUS, FROM
J. M. GRANT, WASHINGTON (Fig. 848).— I took the types at
New York, as Mr. Grant suggests, to be
same as Polystictus Sequoiae, but these
are better specimens and show them to be
quite different. This species has same
surface, texture and similar pores to Tra-
metes hispida, and should be classed to-
gether, though Trametes hispida is a bet-
ter Polystictus than Trametes. The con-
text is pure white, and at first I considered
the probability of it being a white form of
Trametes hispida. But I found the spores
globose, 5-6 mic. transparent with a large,
opaque gutta, with no suggestion of the
cylindrical spores of Trametes hispida. I
therefore consider (now) Polystictus cun-
eatus to be a good species, though the
name has no application whatever to these
specimens.

GUEPINIA OCCIDENTALIS, FROM
J. M. GRANT, WASHINGTON (Fig.
849). — Color light yellow, pale lemon yel-
low when soaked. Obconic with a short

stipe. Disc flat, 3 mm. Stipe short, merging into the cup. Exter-
nally glabrous, but under the glass surface of hyaline, palisade, inflated
cells. Basidia forked, with yellow, guttulate contents. Spores sub-
cylindrical, arctuate, 5-6 x 20
mic., septate when old, with
granular, pale yellow con-
tents.

The genus Guepinia con-
sists of stipitate, tremellaceous
plants with forked basidia,
and subcylindrical spores
which are septate when old.
It has the hymenium on one
face only. We have in the
eastern United States one
common species, G. spathu-
lata, one fairly common, G.
elegans, one very rare, G.

firolf ; I}?™ ,thC Wef tW° Spedes have been distributed, G. mon-

rnenf ?> ^ " addition' G' lut?a is named from Alaska,
all ™X P ^entails, alpma, lutea and Peziza are similar species,
felturi 'Th f°Wmg °n Pine" They differ mainly in the grosser
talked T latter 'wo are lo«g stalked, the former two short

half as laSo°CCH '? qmtC d°Se tO G" alPina' with a disc one

It as large and spores about double the size. I know alpina only

600

from description, and perhaps they are the same species. As all
these yellow Guepinias on pine are rare plants, we are particularly
glad to get this nice collection from Mr. Grant.

As to basidia and spores, Guepinia is same as Dacryomyces, and
the reason this is not a Dacryomyces is that the hymenium covers
one face only. Still the distinction in some specias of Dacryomyces
is not marked, and these obconic Guepinias are perhaps better called
Dacryomyces. Our figure (849) is a specimen soaked out and en-
larged six diameters.

POLYPORUS ROSETTUS, FROM MRS. A. V. KIRKWOOD,
AUSTRALIA (Fig. 850).— Submerismatoid. Proceeding frorn a hard,
woody base, it divides above into a number of short, irregular lobes.

Fig. 850.
Polyporus rosettus. (Showing top and section.)

Pores small, round, irregular, white. Context very hard, white.
Surface fuliginous. Spoies 3x5, hyaline, piriform.

The method of development is unlike any other species known
to me. It is not a true Merismus, but we would place it for convenience
in that section. The feature of the species is the hard, woody context
similar to Polyporus Spraguei and Polyporus ostreiformis and Poly-
porus osseus in texture. We have gotten it before from W. W. Froggatt,
Sydney (No. 7), and Dr. J. B. Cleland (No. 71).

IRPEX NOHARAE, FROM K. MIYABE, JAPAN (Fig.
851). — This species named from Japan, we have from Mr. Miyabe for

601

not know thatlrpex takes Ss lenzitoid form excepting m Japan
(Compare Irpex Tanakae, page 4, Letter 51).

Fig. 852.
Irpex zonatus (from the type).

The original specimens of Irpex Noharae were semiresupinate,
but this collection is all pileate. Irpex Noharae has such a close re-
semblance to Irpex zonatus, a misnamed plant from Ceylon (Fig. 852
photograph of the type) that there is a suspicion they are virtually
the same species. However, Irpex zonatus does not have in its type
form the peculiar teeth of the Japanese plant. Still they may be the
same thing. While hymenial configuration is the basis of fungus
classification, it is not always the test of a species. Polystictus pel-
lucidus (Myc. Notes, p. 554) is another plant that is quite close in
its leading features.

BOVISTELLA ECHINELLA, FROM J. F. BRENCKLE,
N. DAKOTA (Fig. 853).— We have noted this unique little species

602

several times before (Cfr. Myc. Notes, pages 262, 286, 452) and the
receipt of a collection from Dr. J. F. Brenckle, N. Dakota, leads to
some additional remarks. The species is exceptional in several
respects. It is the smallest and perhaps the rare t puff ball known.
It is widely distributed and there are but nine collections known as
follows: Ecuador, type, also Rev. F. Mille; Jamaica, W. Jekyll;

Fig. 853.

Bovistella echinella. The upper natural size. The lower enlarged six fold to show the mouth.

Mexico, J. N. Rose; Denmark, Rev. J. Breitung; Lapland, R. E.
Fries; Michigan, B. O. Longyear; Washington, W. N. Suksdorf;
North Dakota, Dr. J. F. Brenckle. All these nine collections are in
our museum and but one (the type) in any other as far as I have
ever noted.

The species is peculiar in another feature. It has a definite, pro-
truding mouth (see lower figure 853), a character ccmmon in Geasters
and Tylostomas but found on no other closely related plant such as
Bovistella, Bovista, or Lycoperdon. This mouth has led to an im-
portant (to McGinty) historical discovery. Patouillard named it

603

Bovista echinella, but Batsch named it a hundred years before
Patouillard saw it, Lycoperdon pusillum, and gave a characteristic
figure of it, showing the protruding mouth which no other similar
plant has. In the meantime an entirely different and very common
plant has acquired the name Lycoperdon pusillum and ^ hundreds of
specimens have been so labeled, not forgetting to add "Batsch. I
presume I have so named a hundred collections myself for corres-
pondents. Prof. McGinty expresses his horror of such kind of work,
and proposes to restore the name Bovistella pusilla (Batsch) Mc-
Ginty according to the sacred principle of priority.

TRAMETES LACERATA, FROM JAMES R. WEIR, MON-
TANA (Fig. 854). — Resupinate white, without distinct margin,

Fig. 854.

closely adnate to the host. Pores white, large, 1-2 cm. irregular-
rigid, with thin, lacerate pore walls. Spores 2^x5-6 narrow, ellip,
tical, hyaline, smooth. This grows on Alder. It reminds one some-
what of resupinate Lenzites heteromorpha, but the pores are different.

DALDINIA VERNICOSA, FROM BERRY BENSON,
SOUTH CAROLINA.— A fine collection, typically as named by
Schweinitz, but I question if it is really distinct from the common
Daldinia concentrica of the entire world. In the type idea D. verni-
cosa differs from D. concentrica in its turbinate form and more shin-
ing surface, while D. concentrica is more globose and of duller sur-
face. The spores (6-8 x 10-14) and perithecia are the same. As pointed
out by Ellis the latter are monostichous, not polystichous as stated
in Saccardo.

There are 24 species of Daldinia given in Saccardo, mostly from
the tropics. For the most part they are Daldinia concentrica, a
common and widely distributed plant. We get it from almost every
country in the world, and in Australia it takes large size, two or three
inches in diameter. In Europe Daldinia durissima was proposed by
Fries many years ago, but no one else ever found it, and a type at
Kew is the only common D. concentrica. Leveille discovered two
species in the United States, D. cingulata and D. loculata, both the
common D. concentrica. Massee discovered Daldinia aspera in the
West Indies, which is not a Daldinia at all (cfr. Myc. Notes, p. 579).

604

MYCOLOGICAL NOTES.

BY C. G. L LOYD.
No. 44.

CINCINNATI, O. DECEMBER, 1916.

LEWIS DAVID VON SCHWEINITZ.

UNIVFFTTTY OP CAT IFORNIA

i A M o n in /to

MYGOLOGIGAL NOTES

Issued by C. G. LLOYD.

224 West Court Street, - CINCINNATI, OHIO.

SUBSCRIPTION PRICE.— A little personal interest on the part
of the recipient in picking up and sending to my address, specimens of
the larger fungi. All are desired excepting specimens of fleshy Agarics.
Simply dry the specimens and send them in.

LEWIS DAVID VON SCHWEINITZ.

The subject of our photograph, on the preceding page, is the
pioneer mycologist of America. He it was who hewed the trail that
has since been followed. Schweinitz was born at Bethlehem, Pa.,
February 13, 1780. His father came from Saxony, and was very
active in establishing the Moravian church in this country. In this
church young von Schweinitz was destined for the ministry, his edu-
cation being acquired in the theological institutions of this denomina-
tion. When eighteen years of age, his father was called to Germany,
and young Schweinitz was placed in college at Nisky, in what is
now Silesia (Prussia). There he came in contact with Professor J. B.
de Albertini, and the two enthusiastically pursued the study of the
fungi of that region. At that time, mycology in Europe was in its
formative stages, Persoon being the acknowledged authority. Al-
bertini and Schweinitz, in 1805, published a work devoted to fungi,
entitled Conspectus Fungorum in Lusatiae, which, with the exception
of Persoon's works, was the first important, systematic publication
on the subject. Although a rare book in the markets, it is to this
day an authority on European plants, being quoted under the familiar
title of "A. & S." The book is illustrated with twelve colored plates,
picturing ninety species. These were drawn by young Schweinitz,
and they are very good. I am not informed whether or not the col-
lection of plants made by Albertini and Schweinitz is still in existence.
They are not in the collection in Philadelphia, the only specimens I
have ever seen being a few in Persoon's herbarium.

In 1812 Schweinitz returned to America, and was appointed
general agent of the Moravian church in the Southern United States,
with headquarters at Salem, X. C. Although much occupied with
clerical duties, he still continued his work with fungi, and about ten
years later, (1822), published at Leipsic, under the auspices of Schwae-
gnchen, his Synopsis Fungorum Carolinae Superioris. 1,373 species
were listed in this work, of which 315 were claimed to be new.

In 1822 Schweinitz removed to his natal town, Bethlehem, Pa..
where he resided until his death. February 8, 1834. at the age of
iftv-four years. In 1831 he presented to the Philadelphia Academy

606

a paper, Synopsis Fungorum America Boreali, listing 3,098 species,
of which 1,203 were named by Schweinitz. This paper was published
in 1834, the year of his death, but whether or not it appeared before
he died, I do not know.

During Schweinitz ' life there was considerable activity in Europe
in fungus work. Fries was then a young man, in the prime of his
work. But in this country Schweinitz was absolutely alone, no one
else apparently knowing even that such things as fungi grew. Schwein-
itz' herbarium is preserved in the Academy of Natural Sciences, in
Philadelphia. It is in good condition, and fairly complete.

Schweinitz had four sons, all of whom were Moravian ministers.
A number of his descendants still reside in the neighborhood of Beth-
lehem, and one, Dr. George von Schweinitz, is a prominent physician
in Philadelphia. The most complete biography of Schweinitz was
published in The Popular Science Monthly, April, 1904, and from this
much of the data for this article has been taken. We are indebted
to Mr. Eugene Rau, Bethlehem, Pa., for a copy of the photograph
that we reproduce.

ADDITIONAL NOTES ON GORDYCEPS.

I am particularly interested in Cordyceps. They are most
curious plants, usually developed from the bodies of some insect,
larva, or pupa. I trust anyone who finds specimens will favor me by
simply drying them and sending to my address. The host should
always be dried and sent with the Cordyceps attached. If the species
is small and several are found, I should like a liberal collection. The
tropical species are very imperfectly known.

CORDYCEPS SOBOLIFERA, FROM J. UMEMURA, JAPAN.
— This is the fourth collection we have received of this species, and
as far as we noted there is not a specimen in any museum of Europe.
We gave a full account of the plant in Mycological Notes No. 39.
Mr. Umemura's plants are finely developed and confirm its identity
with the West Indian plant. It is curious that the plant is only
known from Japan and the West Indies, and illustrates the uneven
distribution of fungi, or perhaps our imperfect knowledge of it.

CORDYCEPS NUTANS AND CORDYCEPS TRICENTRUS.
FROM PROF. A. YASUDA, JAPAN.— These two species, which
have the same form and similar hosts, are strongly distinct species,
essentially different in their spores as well as their coloration. Prof.
Yasuda has supplied from observation of the fresh plant the follow-
ing notes :

CORDYCEPS NUTANS. — "Stroma very long. Head nodding or erect, fusiform, orange, J-8.5
x 1-2 mm. Stipe black, except 7-14 mm. of the uppermost portion, which is orange. 5.5-17 cm. x 9.5-1
mm. Perithecia somewhat prominent. Asci slender, cylindrical, very long, 250-270 x 7-8. Asco-
spores filiform, at length many-celled, and then separating; separated cells cylindrical. Truncated at
both ends, smooth, hyaline, 9-14 x 1.5 mic."

CORDYCEPS TRICENTRUS. — "Stroma very long, pale yellow. Head nodding, 5-10 x 1 mm.
Stipe slender, 4-14 cm. x 0.4-0.5 mm. Perithecia not prominent. Asci cylindrical, slender, 120 x 5-6.
Ascospores filiform, at length many celled, and then separating; separated cells needle-shaped, pointed
at both ends, smooth, hyaline. X-10 x 1-5 mic."

607

Fig. 855. F^- 85*- Fig. 857.

Cordyceps capitata. Cordyceps ophioglossoides

CORDYCEPS CAPITATA AND CORDYCEPS OPHIOGLOS-
SOIDES . — Most species of Cordyceps are developed from insects,
but these two are peculiar in their host, always occurring on hypo-
gaeal fungi, viz., species of Elaphomyces. But two species are known
with this habitat. Both are rather frequent in the United States and
Europe. Massee would put these two species into a separate genus,
on account of their host, which is hardly a logical stand for the author
of Cordyceps lignicolum (sic) to take.

The distinction between Cordyceps capitata and Cordyceps
ophioglossoides is not a distinction of shape, as is generally supposed,
but there are two essential differences, stem attachment and spores.

CORDYCEPS CAPITATA (Fig. 855), grows directly from the

^^ host. The secondary spores (Fig. 858) are cylindrical,

3 x 12-16 mic. long. I think never 25-40, as stated in

Saccardo, which record was probably based on segments

that were not finally divided. The heads are usually

^ . subglobose (Fig. 855), though rarely clavate in the form

called var. Canadensis, as shown in figure 860. This

Fig. sss. ciavate form was named Cordyceps Canadensis by Ellis,

but it is a form at the most, not a species.

608

CORDYCEPS OPHIOGLOSSOIDES (Figs. 856 and 857) is at-
tached to the host by attenuated, root-like fibrils. The
secondary spores (Fig. 859) are subcubical 2-3 x 3-4.
As to shape, it is always club form as far as I know. It
never takes the capitate form of the previous species. Fig. 859.

Our figure 857, which shows the characteristic root attachment
of Cordyceps ophioglossoides, was made from the specimen in Tulasne's
herbarium at Paris.

CANADENSIS, FROM

CORDYCEPS CAPITATA VAR
J. UMEMURA, JAPAN.— The usual
form of Cordyceps capitata is shown in
our figure 855. It occurs in Japan also,
for it was well illustrated in Illustrations
of Japanese Fungi, plate 12, figure 13.
At first sight it would appear that Mr.
Umemura's plant was Cordyceps ophio-
glossoides, with which it closely agrees
in form, instead of Cordyceps capitata.
The spores and host attachment, how-
ever, are those of Cordyceps capitata,
and it is only a form. It was named
as a species by Ellis, and the local
name he gave it is not very applicable
to a plant growing in Japan. While
both the type form and the variety of
Cordyceps capitata occur in Japan, the
corresponding species Cordyceps ophio-
glossoides is not recorded, though it no
doubt occurs there.

ELAPHOMYCES JAPONICA,
FROM J. UMEMURA, JAPAN.—

The Elaphomyces from Japan, on
which Cordyceps capitata var. Can-
adensis was growing, impresses me at Flg- 86°-

once as being different from what I had seen. The exoperidium
(cortex) (Fig. 861) had peeled away and separated from the inner
peridium, a feature I never noted on an Elaphomyces
before. In the nature of the warts, color of gleba.
and spores, it seems the same as Elaphomyces varie-
gatus of Europe, which, however, always has the
cortex closely adnate to the inner peridium. The
inner peridium, about 1 mm. thick, is only about
one half as thick as that of Elaphomyces variegatus,
and of a different texture. The European species has
a peridium as hard as a rock. This has much softer and thinner per-
idium, which cuts readily. It is probably best held as a form of the
European plant, but it is different in the features noted.

Elaphomyces variegatus seems to me to belong to the same sec-
tion as granulatus and asperulus, but has much larger warts and thicker

609

Fig. 861.

Fig. 862.

peridium. I fail to see on dried specimens the "variegated cortex"
from which it gets its name. Nor can I make out from my specimens
the difference between granulatus and asperulus.

CATASTOMA ANOMALUM, FROM MISS A. V. DUTHIE,
SOUTH AFRICA (Fig. 862). — The occurrence of this peculiar little
species in South Africa is of much interest.
It is the only Catastoma with a definite, pro-
truding mouth and is unique in this respect.
Heretofore it has been known principally
from Australia, where it is apparently the
most frequent species. The South African
form is not exactly the same as the usual
Australian. The mouth of these specimens is
merely mammiform, while in the Australian
plant it is usually definitely tubular. Also the color of the Australian
plant is usually a rich brown, while the African specimens are less
colored. The spores are smaller, measuring 4-5 mic., and about 6 mic.
in the Australian. Of course, the South African plant would be a "new
species" for some, but it is the same as the unique Australian species
in its main characters, and is best so referred.

LYCOPERDON CRUCIATUM, FROM F. STOWARD, AUS-
TRALIA (Fig. 863). — Lycoperdon cruciatum is a common species in
the United States (cfr. Myc. Notes, pp.
214, 231, Plate 51), and it is not infre-
quent in Europe. We get it from South
America, but this is the first specimen
we have received from Australia, where
it must be very rare. We never had it
from Africa, and it seems to be replaced
in South Africa by Lycoperdon endote-
phrum, which has the same peculiar cor-
tex, but violaceous gleba. Excepting
these two species there is no other Lyco-
perdon where the cortex peels off in
flakes. At Kew there is a single specimen
of Lycoperdon cruciatum from Australia,
We included and illustrated it in our
Lycoperdacese of Australia, page 32, under this name, stating at the
time it was probably Lycoperdon cruciatum, a fact of which we are
now assured from Dr. Steward's specimens. It has the same gleba
color, spores, capillitium, diaphragm, distinct sterile base, and similar
*ough stronger cortex, and paler and firmer endoperidium. The
slight differences do not make a species. The distribution of fungi is
most peculiar. This species so common with us in the United States,
is evidently most rare in Australia. On the other hand, Lycoperdon
pratense, absent from the great portion of the United States, and
known only trom a small region in our Northwest, is the most frequent
species they have in Australia.

610

Fig. 863.

called Lycoperdon stellatum.

PEZIZA CEREA, FROM MR. S. L. SPRAGUE, OHIO (Fig.
864). — We present a photograph of a very rare species, at least in
this country. It grew on some woods dirt that had been brought
with plant from Massachusetts. The fresh specimen was brought
to us by Mr.
Sprague. Peziza
cerea is well
named, for it has
the appearance as
though it were
made of wax. It
was illustrated by
Sowerby (t. 3). In
England, according
to the records, it
occurs usually on
spent tan bark. In
this country I have
noted no record ex-
cepting Seaver,
Iowa, which ap-
pears to me an
error for the com-
mon Peziza vesi-
culosa.

Color very-
light pinkish buff
of Ridgway, waxy
in appearance.
When moist, con-
colorous, both sur-
faces, but on partially drying, the external surface becomes white,
furfuraceous. Cups 2-3 inches in diameter, repand, laterally divided
or somewhat unilateral, tapering to a short, thick, lacunose stem-like
base. Asci 240 mic. long. Spores elliptical, 8x12 hyaline, smooth.
Paraphyses slender, very slightly thickened, hyaline, straight.

There has been no good figure of Peziza cerea given. Sowerby's
is characteristic as to shape, but lacks the "waxy" effect. Cooke,
p. 244, has but little resemblance to it in either shape or color. Price,
fig. 80, is fair. We doubt if a drawing could be made to represent it
as well as does our photograph.

HYSTERANGIUM PHILLIPSII, FROM J. UMEMURA,
JAPAN (Fig. 865). — The Hymenogasters are fungi that grow mostly
beneath the surface of the ground. A few of them are partly emergent.
In Europe the subject has been finely worked by the best workers in
Europe, viz. Tulasne and Vittadini, who published splendid mon-
ographs of them. In the United States, Harkness did a lot of work
on the subject. The usual mycologists rartly see them, and the
foreign species are practically unknown, though they no doubt occur
in all countries, though not collected, for are not observed.

611

Fig. 865.

The species Mr. Umemura sends from Japan has small, hyaline
spores iy2 x 4, like the spores of a Rhizopogon. It cannot be either

of the European species, all of
which have large spores 10 mic.
or more. It seems to me to agree
with Harkness' account of Hys-
terangium Phillipsii, though of
course all determinations made
from descriptions are more or less
doubtful. Harkness has a figure
showing fibrous rootlets, not on
the Japanese specimen, but they
may have been broken off. The
spores are also given 2x5, which
is narrower than in the Japanese, but taken as a whole, the description
and figure agree very well with the Japanese plant.

TRAMETES OCELLATA, FROM REV. TORREND, BRA-
ZIL (Fig. 866). — This I hold as a form of Trametes hydnoides. No

commoner plant occurs in
the American tropics than
Trametes hydnoides with
its rigid, black surface hairs.
Trametes ocellata is similar,
the same as to context and
form, but the surface hairs
are softer and brown, not
black. It is rare, and at
first appears quite different.
There is a plant in Africa, sim-
ilar to Trametes hydnoides,
which H e n n i n g s always
referred to Trametes hyd-
noides. The African plant
has always larger pores, and
is Trametes hystrix, as
named by Cooke. Another
(or the same) African plant
has still larger pores, then it
becomes Hexagona hirta
(cfr. Syn. Hexagona, page
7). In fact, there is a con-
tinued series, all with the
coarse, dense, surface hairs,
same context color, texture,
but differing in size of pores,
running as follows, from Tra-
jetes hydnoides with minute pores, to hystrix with larger pores, then
lexagona hirta still larger, and finally 'Hexagona apiaria with very-
large pores. The latter three are African and Eastern plants. Tra-

612

Fig. 866.

metes hydnoides is the only American one, I believe. Trametes pyr-
rhocreas of Australia, known only from type at Kew, is close, if not the
same as hydnoides.

POLYSTICTUS RIGIDUS, FROM E. CHEEL, NEW SOUTH
WALES (Fig. 867).— Pileus erect, spathulate, flabelliform (incurved
and cup shape in type). Surface scabrous, hirsute, finely zoned.
Context white. Stipe short (1 cm.), distinct from pileus. Pore
surface smooth, pale. Pores very minute, hardly visible to the eye.
Spores not found.

Polystictus embraces mostly flexible plants. This rigid, stiff
species has no analogue in the other species with white context. The
section (Petaloides 23) Microporus with brown context is similar as
to texture. We would enter it in Section 22, though quite different
from all others in this section. The pores are so minute that to the
eye the plant appears to be a Stereum. The general resemblance to
Stereum hydrophorum is close.

Fig. 867.

TRAMETES ALBOTEXTA, FROM P. VAN DER BIJL, AF-
RICA (Fie. 868).— Pileus sessile, 2-3x4-5 inches, an inch thick.

surface reddish
brown, dull, matt,
soft. Context red-
dish brown, thin,
soft. Pores rigid,
small, round, an
inch long. Pore
tissue white, con-
trasting with the
brown hymenium
so that a section is
variegated. Cysti-
dia none. Spores
pale brown, small,
elliptical-subglo-
bose, 3-4 x 4-5.
The coloration of
the surface, pore
surface and context
is reddish brown, the tissue of the pores white. I know no other
Trametes or polyporoid with this peculiar color pore contrast. The pale
colored spores might be the basis for a "new genus," but I think that
would be "inutile."

ABNORMAL FAVOLUS.— Plants that impress me as being
anomalies or sports not infrequently reach me. We present two
below that we think are derivatives from Favolus europaeus, though
they have no resemblance to each other, and little to the usual form
of Favolus europaeus. Nor can we explain why we think they are
sports of this species, but we do.

FAVOLUS KAUFFMANII (Fig. 869).— Pileus pale liver color,
smooth. Pores favoloid, with thick walls. Spores 4 x 12-14 hyaline,
with lateral apiculi.

Based on a collection (No. 31) from Dr. C. H. Kauffman, Mich-
igan. I think it is a variation of Favolus europaeus, but Dr. Kauff-

Fig. 868.

Fig. 869.
614

man does not agree with me. It differs, as indicated above, and the
color is quite different. The cuticle is closely adnate, and does not
peel away as it does in the normal form. I once made in Kentucky
a collection showing the same difference as to color, but that collec-
tion had normal pores. I have never considered it
other than a variation of Favolus europaeus.

FAVOLUS WHETSTONEI (Fig. 870).— Stipi-
tate, with large, angular, thin pores decurrent on the
stem. Spores 4 x 10, hyaline, laterally apiculate.
Pileus surface white, with faint indications of the
reddish color of fresh Favolus europaeus. Based on
a single specimen from M. S. Whetstone, Minneapolis.
It is so different from the normal Favolus europaeus
that we hardly expect others to agree with us in re-
ferring it as a sport.

Fig. 870.

ISARIA BUNTINGII, FROM R. H. BUNTING, AFRICA

(Fig. 87 1)/ — The genus Isaria is supposed to be the conidial or pre-
liminary fruiting
stages of Cordy-
ceps. (cfr. Cordy-
ceps of Australasia,
pages 4 and 5.)
The perfect Cordy-
ceps is a subse-
quent develop-
ment. But four
large Isarias are
known to me on in-

, sects or cocoons,

i viz., Isaria farinosa

j (Cord. Aust., Fig.

! 613), Isaria atypi-

| cola Japan (cfr.
Myc. Notes, p.

, 568), Isaria gigan-

1 tea Cuba, which

i has never been il-
lustrated, and the
above from Africa.
We present a

i photograph of Isa-
ria Buntingii,
which was made by
Mr. Bunting, and which tells the whole story as far as known. It
, differs from other species in having the fruit branches, forming a
capitate cluster at the apex of the stem. As will be seen, it grows
from cocoons buried in the fallen leaves. We hope Mr. Bunting will
favor us with specimens of the plant, and we particularly trust that
he will watch out for the subsequent (Cordyceps) clubs that no doubt
;develop from the same host.

615

PILEATE MERULIUS LACRYMANS, FROM JOHN DEAR-
NESS, CANADA (Fig. 872).— We present photographs of what we

take to be pileate Meru-
lius lacrymans. In all
our books and in all
specimens we ever saw,
Merulius lacrymans is a
resupinate plant, and it
seems impossible that it
could develop a pileate
form. At the same time
it is no more improbable
than that the two speci-
mens we photographed,
one sessile apus, the
other stipitate, should be
the same thing, and they
grew from the same my-
celium and were differ-
ent developments of the
same plant. We know
our reference will be re-
ceived with incredulity,
but with the same con-
text, same tissue, same
hymenium, same spores,
same habitat, we believe
we are correct in so re-
ferring them. There are
more strange things un-
der the sun, Horatio,
than are dreamed of in
your philosophy.

Prof. Dearness states
that he collected forty
pileate specimens, apus,
pleuropus, mesopus, all
with good pileate de-
velopment

IRPEXOWENSII.
FROM J. M. GRANT,
,P. 0,7, WASHINGTON

fig. S/J).— In a pamphlet on the genus Radulum, now in type, but

not printed, we include under the
name Radulum Owensii, speci-
mens received from C. E. Owens
(No. 2028 on Quercus). It was a
good "Radulum." In fact, we mis-
took it for Radulum hynoideum

616

Fig. 872.

when received. The plants just at hand from Mr. Grant have the
teeth so much better developed that it is an Irpex instead of a Rad-
ulum, which shows how one can be mistaken as to the genera. We
would describe it as follows:

Resupinate. Mars orange (when dry). Teeth at first tubercular
with irregular protuberances. When developed irregular, compact,
rigid, poroid at base, hence could be classed also as Poria. Cystidia
none. Basidia subhyaline in a palisade layer. Subhymenial tissue
deeply colored. Spores 3-4 x 6-8, hyaline, smooth.

SECOTIUM ACUMINATUM, FROM F. W. STOWARD,
AUSTRALIA (Fig. 874). — The Gastromycetes of Australia are re-
markable, not only on account of the
many endemic species and genera not
found in other countries, but the appar-
ent absence of some common species (as
Geaster hygrometricus) that occur
widely distributed elsewhere in most
countries. Secotium acuminatum is re-
corded in Australia and found in the
Handbook, but like many records of
this uncertain publication, there is little
basis for it. The little fragments on
which the determinations were made
more than fifty years ago, are entirely
inadequate. Many specimens of Gastro-
mycetes have reached me from Aus-
tralia, ten times more than in all the
other of the museums of the world,
but never before has any one from this
country sent me this species! It is a
species, however, frequent in the United
States and Eastern Europe.

As will be seen from the photograph,
Secotium acuminatum is a misnamed
plant. This specimen not only is not
acuminate, but it is obtuse, and with

Fig. 874.

us the specimens are never more than "obtusely acute," if the ex-
pression can be allowed. This led to a most amusing position,
that our own Prof. Peck held for many years. When he received the
plant from Wisconsin, he was innocent of any knowledge of the ex-
istence of the genus even, but it did not deter him from discovering
that it was a "new species" of Lycoperdon, to which genus it has not
even a suggestion of an analogy. He called it Lycoperdon Warneri.
Hazslinsky, a local collector in Hungary, who was quite busy
promulgating new species of Gastromycetes, none of them of any
value as far as I ever learned, also discovered that it was a new species
which he called Secotium Szabolcsense. He was quite indignant that
Prof. Peck had renamed his species, and published his protest, though
before he got through "indignating" he admitted that both his plant

617

and that of Peck were Secotium acuminatum, and that Montague
had beautifully illustrated it. Peck admitted the genus but for
many years maintained that our American plant could not be Seco-
tium acuminatum, for it was never acuminate. As a matter of fact.

neither is the European plant, nor
Montagne's figure, nor the original
specimen which was from Algeria.
Montagne simply misnamed it,
for at the best the plant is never
more than "obtusely acute." The
plant has an older name (from
Russia), which date dictionary
jugglers have tried to substitute,
but as it is about as bad as acu-
minatum, not much success has
rewarded their efforts.

STEREUM SOWERBYI.
FROM J. M. GRANT, WASH-
INGTON (Fig. 875).— (Compare
Stipitate Stereum, page 20.) This
is a very rare plant in Europe,
and these are the first specimens
I have seen from this country.
The species is very close to Ste-

F.£ 875 reum diaphanum, but differs in

being a slightly thicker plant, not

so pale, and the upper surface is marked with darker, radiate fibrils.

The photograph (Fig. 875), enlarged to show these fibrils, which are

the main distinguishing features.

POLYSTICTUS XAXTHOPUS-CONCINNUS, FROM P. VAN
DER BIJL, SOUTH AFRICA (Fig. 876).— Intermediate between
these two species. Polystictus xanthopus (cfr. Stip. Pol. p. 173) is
an abundant species in Africa and the East. I presume I have fifty
collections. Every one of them is perfectly glabrous, both stem
and pileus. Polystictus concinnus is same plant, except dark color,
and pileus and stem are covered with fine, velvety pubescence. This
specimen has the pubescent stem of concinnus and the nearly glabrous
and pale colored pileus of xanthopus. In nature there is no "such
animal" as species with definite limitations as mycologists profess.

POLYSTICTUS AFFIX IS-CONCINNUS, FROM MR. VAN
DER BIJL, SOUTH AFRICA (Fig. 877).— A pleuropodial plant, ex-
actly same in color and pubescence as the preceding plant. Surely
both are the same species, although in our system of classification they
go in different sections of the genus. We refer the latter to Polystictus
affinis. but it is not exactly that, for affinis is glabrous.

618

Fig. 876.

Fig. 877.

STEREUM SULCATUM, FROM JAMES R. WEIR, IDAHO

(Fig. 878). — This species was named by Burt, but as it has been pub-
lished by Peck, I suppose it is public

property now. It is a hard, rigid plant,

with a reflexed pileus and white hy-

menium, which turns red when bruised.

Context white, hard, with a yellowish

cast. Spores globose 5-6 mic. , hyaline,

smooth. Cystidia few, but large, typ-
ical, thick-walled metuloids. I do not

make out any ducts found in most Ste-

reums that bleed, but no doubt they are

present.

The species is a "Lloydella," but

the author does not take Bresadola's

views on "Lloydella" as seriously as he

does Cooke's similar views on "Hy- »

menochaete." Logically, both genera

have the same value, which is not much

in either case for me. Stereum sulcatum

grows on spruce and hemlock. My best

thanks are extended to Mr. Weir for the specimen.

We have recently gotten Stereum
sulcatum (Fig. 879) from Prof. A. Yasuda.
Japan (376). It agrees with our Ameri-
can plant in every character. It is a
Lloydella for those who recognize the
genus. This is similar to Stereum an-
nosum and Stereum ferreum, both of
which, however, have brown context.
Both are " Lloydellas " and both are pileate
species, though based on resupinate frag-
ments and classed in Saccardo in the
resupinate section. Stereum stratosum is

a similar, thick plant with pale context, but it has no metuloids.

Stereum contrarium, named from Japan, from the description, could be

taken for this plant, but it is Stereum princeps.

619

Fig. 878.

Fig. 879.

EXIDIA CANDIDA FROM J. M. GRANT, WASHINGTON

(Figs. 880 and 881) . — Applanate, white with grayish, cerebriform lobes.
Basidia 16-20 mic. oblong or globose, with gran-
ular contents. Spores 8x16, hyaline, slightly
curved, with granular contents, laterally apicu-
late. Imbedded ducts, none. Papillae, none.
The basidia are borne near the surface, not
Fig. 880. deeply imbedded as in most tremellaceous

plants. It has much resem-
blance to Exidiopsis alba. (Note
48) (not Exidia albida of Europe)
but differs entirely in its spores.
Years ago in England a
white, tremellaceous plant was
named Tremella albida, and
since it is the fashion to so call
all white, tremellaceous plants.

/.^MQBMBrajag^ «» Two quite different species have
^Lfyil ^PjRfflM^nPj ' generally passed under this name

AN»SBK*W^ > ..'• U;t>. -\0te 48), viz. Exidia albida
(BjBB^BMaB^BKnih k * , of Europe, and Exidiopsis alba
•fc«™^* of the United States. I am con-

fident that this species, quite
different from either, would be
so referred by the older namers.
We present herewith, figure
880, the dried plant as received
by me. Figure 881 as it soaked out after a short time in water. No
class of fungi make poorer dried specimens than tremellaceous plants,
but none are more satisfactory to work with, for a few minutes soak-
ing restores them to the same condition as when freshly collected.
We hope our correspondents in tropical countries will collect
every tremellaceous plant they note, and dry it. It is a mistake to
send them preserved in formaline, which destroys their color and
often turns them into an amorphous mass.

DACRYOMYCES DIGRESSUS FROM
DUTHIE, SOUTH AFRICA (Fig.
gelatinous, cerebriform. Color pale,
dirty yellowish. Basidia forked. Spores 6x12
slightly curved, laterally apiculate, hyaline, smooth'

This resembles Tremella lutescens but has en-
tirely different basidia. It departs from the usual
Uacryomyces, being larger with aspect of a Tremella.
Stat£W TV, °ne °ther' viz' Dacry°myces aurantius of the United ;
found non sP°re*are those of Dacryomyces as to shape, but I

StttTM!^™ in this genus- They probably be-

Fig. 881.

Fig' 882'

620

MYCOLOGICAL NOTES.

BY C. G. LLOYD.

No. 45.

CINCINNATI, O.

JANUARY, 1917.

PROFESSOR ROLAND THAXTER.
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA

AT I .OS ANGELEP

IM r» A «o A r»

MYCOLOGIGAL NOTES

Issued by C. G. LLOYD.

224 West Court Street, - - CINCINNATI, OHIO.

SUBSCRIPTION PRICE.— A little personal interest on the part
of the recipient in picking up and sending to my address, specimens of
the larger fungi. All are desired excepting specimens of fleshy Agarics.
Simply dry the specimens and send them in.

PROFESSOR ROLAND THAXTER.

The photograph we present is that of the best known of
specialists working on American mycology. Professor Thaxter occu-
pies the chair of Cryptogamic Botany at Harvard University, where
he graduated in 1882. For about twenty-five years he has had charge
of the students in mycology in Harvard University. Professor
Thaxter is the world's authority on the class of fungi known as
Laboulbeniaceae. These fungi are minute species, attaching them-
selves to the bodies of beetles, flies and other insects. They were
practically unknown to the world until Professor Thaxter became
interested in them, and he has devoted his life to their study. He
has discovered, named and illustrated several hundred species, and
is not only the world's authority on the subject, but he is the only
one who really knows anything about it at all. In pursuit of his
studies he has worked over not only the mycological section in the
museums of Europe, but also the entomological section, and has
traveled and collected extensively in foreign countries, such as the
West Indies and South America. In addition to this, he has in-
dustriously collected Cordyceps and hypogeal fungi, and has ac-
cumulated more material in these families than can be found in any
other collection. He has never published on these subjects, but has
in view a publication, when he has finished with the Laboulbeniaceae.

Professor Thaxter is now in his fifty-ninth year, quiet and re-
served. It is always a pleasure to meet him. On our rare visits
to Harvard we have always enjoyed a visit with him. The photo-
graph that we present was taken four or five years ago, but is an ex-
cellent likeness of him to-day.

622

RARE OR INTERESTING SPECIES OF FUNGI RE-
CEIVED FROM CORRESPONDENTS.

POLYSTICTUS FLABELLIFORMIS VAR TAPONICA
FROM J. UMEMURA, JAPAN. Polystictus flabelliformis (cfr!
Stipitate Polyporoids, page 143) is a common species in the East. It
is the only one in this section I found in Samoa. It usually corresponds
to the type idea from Mauritius with a lateral stem, one half to an
inch long. A subsessile form is the common form in Japan. It is
paler color, the pores are whiter, and it is a fairly constant form in
Japan, but not elsewhere. We have specimens as follows- Umemura
15, 73, 76, 154, 175; Yasuda, 115, 253. (We have one collection
from Madagascar.) Professor Yasuda writes, "These sessile, villose

Fig. 883.

specimens appear to run gradually into stalked, smooth specimens."
The stalked, smooth plant is known as Polystictus affinis, but the
whole group is really one species. Where a plant has a fairly distinct
character (subsessile in this case) in connection with geographical dis-
tribution (Japan in this case), we feel that it is entitled to a dis-
tinctive name as a variety at least. In the past we have referred
some of these Japanese collections to Polystictus pterygodes, but this
species (very rare) has in its type idea a shiny, glabrous pileus, the
same as Polystictus xanthopus, but sessile.

LACHNOCLADIUM CONGESTUM, FROM E. CHEEL,
NEW SOUTH WALES (Fig. 884).— Berkeley named this plant as
Thelephora. There is in warm countries a type of dendroid plants
that should be classed in Clavariaceae, viz., the hymenium is amphi-
genous and they resemble Clavarias excepting that they are tough
in texture and in their spores. The true Thelephora genus has its
hymenium on one surface only (though there are exceptions). The

623

spores of this species are 6x8, colored, slightly irregular in outline,
and very slightly tubercular. Each has a large gutta. The proper
generic classification is a question. As to color and spores it is close
to Theleohora As to general form and amphigenous hymemum it
is Clavariaceae. It is not a true Lachnocladium excepting in a broad
sense including both hyaline and colored spores. No species ol this
type of plants occurs in Europe or the United States, hence we are
not troubled with the question of its proper classification in our own

Lachnocladium congestum seems fairly common in Australia. We
have gotten it before, but these are the first good specimens. Ladi-

nocladium Archeri (Thelephora for Berkeley) is a very similar plant,
but more slender and only known from the type. We present a photo-
graph of Lachnocladium congestum (Fig. 884), also Lachnocladium
Archeri (Fig. 885), both from the types at Kew. We judge from our
photographs that Lachnocladium Kunzii from Java is the same as
Lachnocladium congestum. Why Berkeley called one Lachnocladium
and the other Thelephora, I do not know.

POLYPORUS POCULUS, FROM MISS A. V. DUTHIE,
SOUTH AFRICA (Fig. 886).— A fine collection, and the first time
ever collected in Africa. A full account was given, Myc. Notes, Old
Sp. Ser., p. 45. This unique little species was originally from the
United States, and, until I investigated, it was supposed to grow
nowhere else. It is rare in foreign countries, but in the museums of
Europe I dug up four collections (cfr. Myc. Notes, Pol. No. 3, p. 44),
French Guiana, Australia, Brazil and Japan. I have since gotten
fine collections from Japan (A. Yasuda). Now that Miss Duthie has
found this curious species from Africa, it is known from every con-
tinent excepting Europe. With us it usually grows on chestnut bark;
Miss Duthie found it on eucalyptus.

624

Fig. 886.

IRPEX CONSORS, FROM J. B. CLELAND, AUSTRALIA

(Fig. 887). — Irpex censors (1877) from Japan, Irpex brevis (1855)
from New Zealand, Irpex decurrens
(1891) from Japan, and probably
Hydnum meruloides (1883) from
Australia, are all, I believe, one and
the same species. All were named
by Berkeley, but Irpex decurrens
was only a mss. name for the col-
lection that Berkeley published as
Irpex censors. Fifteen or twenty
years after Berkeley had named it
(for the third or fourth time), Cooke
dug up the same collection from
Japan which he published as Irpex
decurrens. Lately I have gotten
several collections from Japan (which
I referred to Irpex censors), and on
comparison I find in all things the
same as the Australian plant. It
does not occur in the American
flora.

Fig. 887.

POLYSTICTUS SINUOSUS, FROM JOHN A. STEVENSON,
PORTO RICO (Fie. 888).— This is the same plant as Poria smuosa,
excepting it develops a narrow, reflexed pileus. Pons smuosa in
Europe Ld the Unfed States is always resupmatc It is very close
to Polystictus pinsitus, but the sinuate hymemum (Fig 888) is of a
differenf type. -If is also quite close to Polystictus Blumei of the
East.

POLYSTICTUS GLABRATUS, FROM PROF. A. YASUDA,
IAPAN (Fie 889).— Pure white, drying white. Pileus spathulate or
cuneiform from a short, stipe-like base. Context thin, white^ Surface
uneven, glabrous, very faintly zoned. Pores small, round, fleshy, en-
tire. Cystidia, none. Spores allantoid, 1>£ x 4-5.

Fig. 889.

A Polystictus with glabrous surface is rare. We have one in the
United States (P. Grayii) which differs in form and texture. The
description of Polystictus cuneiformis from the Philippines is the
same as to the pileus, but the spores (unless they are in error) are
entirely different. Berkeley has a Polystictus sub-pellucidus from
Japan which is close. The type at Kew is quite poor and was de-
scribed as silky, hirsute. Polystictus elongatus, a common plant in
the East, is also close, but differs as to texture, surface and pores.
Type, Yasuda, No. 372.

LENZITES GUINEENSIS, FROM P. VAN DER BIJL,
SOUTH AFRICA (Fig. 890).— T>is is another of the old Friesian
species, originally named from South Africa, of which no type exists,
and is determined from the description. Fries gives a figure in Re-
liquias Afzelianae which corresponds closely enough. Surely it is
only a form of Lenzites betulina (as originally referred by Fries), with
the same surface and context color (white), but it is a more rigid form
than the European, and has thick, rigid gills. It differs from the
description, as the edges of the gills are not "dark, cinereous," but
it is not worth while embarrassing the subject with a new name
because of a little discrepancy of this kind. We have gotten the

626

Fig. 890.

Lenzites Guineensis.

plant before from Miss Duthie, South Africa, and it seems to be, as
far as we know, a form peculiar to this region.

POLYPORUS (GANODERMUS) UMBRACULUS, FROM
J. GOSSWEILER, AFRICA OCCIDENTALS (Fig. 891).— This
was named by Fries from Afzelius' collection from Sierra Leone about
ninety years ago, and I did not find a specimen in any museum of
Europe. While no type is known, coming from the same locality,
agreeing with the description, and agreeing with the figure that Fries
cites, there is no question of its identity. When Persoon published
the fungi of Gaudichaud's collection, he figured a Polyporus (t. 2, f. 2),
which in grosser features is the same as this plant. Persoon named it
Polyporus leptopus. It came from the East Indies, and the type is
preserved at Paris. Fries referred this figure to his previously pub-
lished Polyporus Umbraculus, and Patouillard accepted it, but in
my work I demurred, for we knew what Polyporus leptopus was, and
we did not know what Polyporus Umbraculus was. I feel that the
receipt of the 'specimen from the "type locality," agreeing exactly
with the figure and description, and differing entirely in spores from
Polyporus leptopus, justifies my conclusion. Both species have the
same strongly laccate, black stem, fragile and hollow, and the same
pileus and pores, but are quite different in their spores.

Polyporus leptopus has globose spores, 12 mic., strongly rough
and without apiculus. It belongs in section Amaurodermus (6b).
Polyporus Umbraculus has obovate spores, tapering to a strong
hyaline, apiculate base, about 12 mic. long and 10 at the broadest
part. They are also strongly rough and are very abundant in the
specimens. It belongs in the section (3) Ganodermus. Polyporus
Henningsii (cfr. Stip. Pol., page 105, fig. 401) is probably the same as
Umbraculus — a short-stemmed form of it.

It affords me more gratification to get one of these ^ old puzzles
settled than it would to receive a hundred "new species."

627

MUTINUS BAM BUS IN US, FROM J. GOSSWEILER, WEST
AFRICA. — It is a question whether the tropical plant that passes
for Mutinus bambusinus is really distinct from the Mutinus
caninus of Europe. The specimen from Mr. Gossweiler,
Fig. 892, is smaller and more slender than our figure of
Mutinus bambusinus (cfr. Syn. Phalloids, fig. 26). The
coating of gleba is thick and is separated at the base, giving
it a pileate appearance. The plant has no pileus, however,
the gleba is borne directly on the stem. The "species" of
Mutinus have few distinguishing characters, excepting
general size and shape, but we would not like to propose a
new name for a collection that is only smaller and more
slender than usual.

THELEPHORA MYRIOMERA, FROM E. CHEEL,
NEW SOUTH WALES (Fig. 893).— I judge from descrip-
tion it is this plant which
was named from Australia. Flg 892
It is not a European form,
although it might be taken for a
lacerate form of Thelephora ter-
restris. It is a true Thelephora as
to color and spores, with hymenium
on the lower side only. No type of
Thelephora myriomera exists, and I
FIg-893 think we are justified in taking this

name for a plant from the same
country, and answering the description.

SEISMOSARCA HYDROPHORA, FROM DR. J. B. CLE-
LAND, AUSTRALIA (Fig. 894).— Additional specimens clear up
the mystery that surrounded this plant (cfr. Note 431). The hairs
that I supposed were on the surface are
really, I think, "gloeocystidia," and im-
bedded in the jelly. The basidia are ob-
long, cruciate, divided, with four long
sterigmata. The spores are 6x12, ellip-
tical, pale yellow tint. The hairs and
basidia, both in a mashed piece, appear
on the surface, but I believe they are im- Fig. 894.

bedded in a very transparent mucilage.

The color of the plant is pale amber. The structure of this plant is
similar, and it is cogeneric with the common plant we have, called
Exidiopsis alba (Letter 44, Note 48).

The genera of Tremellaceae are not all clear as yet. We believe
Seismosarca to be same as Exidiopsis in sense of Moeller, but not
of Brefeld. In this view our American plant becomes Seismosarca
alba (not Exidiopsis alba as in Note 48). There is no doubt of the
identity of Cooke's genus, notwithstanding that Cooke did not in
his account and figure present a single feature correctly and did not

629

have the genus in its real character. The "setae" which Cooke shows
as rigid, sharp, colored spines are in reality obtuse, colored bodies
imbedded in the thin, gelatinous outer layer so that they appear on
the surface, but have no resemblance, however .remote, to Cooke's
figure. The basidia are typically those of an Exidia as shown by
Brefeld, and well known, with no resemblance to the clavate basidia
of Cooke's figure, which no true tremellaceous plants have. The
spores are elliptical, 6x12, -pale yellow tint, and similar to Exidia
spores. There are species of Dacryomyces with as deeply colored
spores, and there was no basis for a genus on the color of spores.
Cooke represented them as "bright brown," which I have always
thought was a bull, for no tremellaceous plant is known with deeply
colored spores. The spores that Cooke described and figured are
found on the specimen at Kew, but they are accidental, probably
from some Coniophora, as I suspected when I saw them, and of which
I am now assured.

PORIA XYLINA, FROM A. YASUDA, JAPAN (Fig. 895).—
Pure white, soft cottony, with broad, soft margin. Tissue of hyaline,
loosely woven hyphae. Pores large, angular, oblique. Cystidia none.

Spores abundant, ellip-
tical, 6x8, transparent
hyaline, with a large
gutta.

This is not a Euro-
pean nor an American
species, and probably
not named. The speci-
men is resupinate, hence
a Poria, but it has a
nodular effect, as though
it might develop a pileus,
in which case it would
be a Polyporus. It is
too soft for a Trametes.

PORIA SUBICU-
LOSA. FROM MR. C.
J. HUMPHREYS,
WISCONSIN (Fig.
896). — We present a
photograph as it is a rare
species. Heretofore it
Fig. 895. has been collected but

,„ . , once by Peck in 1879

and does not occur in Europe. It belongs to the ferruginous section
and is characterized by its large pores, soft, loosely adnate subiculum.
i ne plant has no setae and spores are globose, hyaline 5-6 mic.
'fessor Humphrey found it on very rotten hemlock

630

Fig. 897.

Fig. 896.

Poria subiculosa.

CATASTOMA MAGNUM, FROM GEORGE BROWN, NEW
ZEALAND (Fig. 897). — This is only a large form of Catastoma anom-
alum (cfr. Lye. Aust. page 27, Myc. Notes, page 319). But in addition
to its large size it differs in other respects. The
exoperidium is thick and leathery. In the
type form of Catastoma anomalum it is thin
and papery. The spores are 6-7 mic. and
strongly rough, in anomalum they are slightly
rough. Usually they are apedicellate, some-
times with a short, hyaline pedicel, 4-5 mic.

We consider it only a form of Catastoma
anomalum, but it differs in the same degree
that Catastoma subterraneum differs from Ca-
tastoma circumscissum. Neither Catastoma
subterraneum nor Catastoma magnum are distinct species from the
corresponding Catastoma circumscissum or Catastoma anomalum
for me.

ASEROE RUBRA. FROM GEORGE BROWN, NEW ZEA-
LAND.— We present a photograph of this plant (Fig. 898) made from

a dried specimen sent by
Mr. Brown. It shows how
characteristic phalloids
are when carefully dried.
This figure presents the
plant almost as well as
the photograph of the
fresh plant we produced
on page 522 which was
from Australia. This New
Zealand plant has a
shorter, thicker stem than
the Australian plant pho-

Fig- 898- tographed, but surely the

same species. In fact it has become very well established now that

, . t , 1 1 , 1 _ T T 1

e species of Asei
carries three (including a

631

acuuc species, in lact it nas oecoine very wen csLaunsiicu u
there is but one species of Aseroe in Australasia, although the Hand-
book ""*«-.Ww'M

Fig. 899.

Polystictus formosae.

POLYSTICTUS FORMOSAE, FROM A. YASUDA, JAPAN

(Fig. 899). — Pileus thin, pale, glabrous, rugulose, with narrow darker
zone. Context white. Pores large, rigid, angular, shallow.

A single specimen, No. 391, from Formosa. The pores are ex-
actly the same as those of Polystictus Persoonii, and while I can not
assert it, I have a feeling that it is an extreme form of this species.
Type Yasuda, 391, Formosa.

BOVISTELLA OBLONGISPORA, FROM MISS A. V. DU-
THIE, SOUTH AFRICA.— Peridium thin, glo-
bose 1-2 cm. in diameter. Cortex furfuraceous.
Gleba compact, olive then umber. Sterile base
none. Capillitium deep colored, long, intertwined,
much branched, about 3 mic. in diameter. Spores
(Fig. 900) regular 4x6 mic. oblong, dark colored,
smooth, with a short, thick, permanent, subhya-
line pedicel 4-5 mic. long.

This species belongs to the 4th section of the
genus (Myc. Notes, page 285) and is the only
species of Bovistella known with oblong spores.
The plant is quite similar to Lycoperdon oblongisporum in several
respects, but the latter does not have pedicellate spores.

POLYPORUS OBNIGER, FROM DR. F. STOWARD, AUS-
TRALIA (Fig. 901).—
Pileus (about 2x3x7
cm.) with a short lateral
stipe, thick, rigid. Sur-
face smooth, black.
Context pale isabelline.
Pores minute, round,
with greyish cinerous
mouths (when dry), de-
current to base of stem.

Fig. 900.

Fig. 901.

Cystidia none. Spores

. not found.

This has the aspect of a Melanopus, but there is no indication of
-t nn ti,* ef0™ it goes }n Section Petaloides 19 of my Stipitate
632

black on the stem.

Polyporoids pamphlet, but if I were rewriting it I would rearrange
this section 19, uniting subsection a with previous subsection and re-
numbering 196. From the description one might take this to be Poly-
porus tristiculus of South America, but to me plants have little rela-
tion excepting the arrangement.

CYCLOMYCES GREENII, FROM J. UMEMURA, JAPAN
(Fig. 902). — The occurrence of this rare plant in Japan is of the
greatest interest. For many
years it was looked upon as
among the rarities of the
United States and it is not
often collected with us. A
full account was given in My-
cological Notes, (page 488).
We reproduce a figure to give
the Japanese collectors an
idea of this 'curious fungus.
The gills are concentrically
arranged directly contrary to
the usual way gills are placed.
Mr. Umemura's plant is
undeveloped but is un-
questionably the same as our
American plant. Only twice
before has Cyclomyces
Greenii been collected in the
East and both times discov-
ered to be a "new species."

Fig. 91(2.

First by Hooker in India sixty years

ago, and called by Berkeley Cyclomyces turbinatus, then it was sent
to Patouillard from Java twenty years ago, and called Cyclomyces
Javanicus. This is the first time we have ever gotten it excepting
from United States. When the truth is learned about fungi, it is
found that the species are relatively few, the distribution wide.

IRPEX IYOENSIS, FROM A. YASUDA, JAPAN (Fig. 903).—
As named by Professor Yasuda. Effused with reflexed pileus. Sur-
face faintly zonate, dark. Spines 2-3 mm.
long, irregular, connate at base. Hyme-
nium dense, pubescent with short (8-12
mic.) subhyaline, projecting hairs, and with
rare long (projecting 30-35 mic.), deep col-
ored setae. Spores no doubt hyaline, not
found. There are numerous small, hyaline,
globose bodies 2-3 mic. which I take to be
conidial spores.

Irpex iyoensis is closely related to the
common Irpex cinnamomeus of the United States, which however,
never develops a pileus, and which has exactly the same colored
spines, but abundant setae. The spines of the two species are same
-color and appearance to the eye. I know no other species with cin-

633

Fig. 903.

namon colored spines. The pileus of specimens received is dark col-
ored, but appears to me as though weathered, and I presume the
natural color is cinnamon. The plant came from the province of lyo
and I suppose the name is lyo latinized. In this connection, it is
strange that our most abundant Irpex cinnamomeus has not been
found in Europe or Japan.

THELEPHORA FLABELLARIS, FROM DR. M. S. WHET-
STONE, MINNESOTA (Fig. 904).— This is a rare form. With
same texture and surface as Thelephora caryophyllea, it is cut into

Fig. 904.

Thelephora flabellaris.

narrow segments. Berkeley who collected it in England, followed
Fries in holding it as an "irregular branched frond" of Thelephora
caryophyllea. I doubt it although it is so rare, it is hard to say. I
never saw but three specimens, the English plant at Kew, a collection
from O. M. Oleson, California, and this one from Mrs. Whetstone.

THE TROPICAL XYLAR1AS.

The principal published work on the foreign Xylarias has been
done by Cooke, who arranged and illustrated a series of figures. It
is needless to say to those who have checked up after Cooke's work
that it was very inaccurately done, and that many of his figures
were simply reconstructed. The more recent workers, Rehm and
Theissen, who have not studied the authentic types, have evidently-
reached many of these conclusions, mainly from Cooke's work, with
the natural result that they have still further added to the con-
fusion. I have never given the subject the detailed study in the
museums that I would have wished, but I have photographed all the
type specimens I found, and with these photographs and with the
published accounts I think I can reach much more correct con-
clusions than have been previously recorded.

I shall be very glad if my correspondents will collect and send
me the Xylarias that they note. These plants have a young, conidial

634

condition, usually white or partially white. The specimens should be
collected when they are mature, that is, when they are all black
They never get too old to collect and furnish all the data, but they
are often gathered too young.

"XYLARIA" FLABELLIFORMIS.— In our article on Isaria
flabelliformis, Myc. Notes, p. 547, we state that we think no one
but Schweinitz ever claimed to have found any but conidial spores
We forgot to mention it, but we were aware that Cooke had figured

Fig. 995.

Isaria flabelliformis (from nature).

the fruiting body of "Xylaria flabelliformis" Grevillea, Plate 171,
Fig. 153 (reproduced, Fig. 906). Of course, Cooke was a wonderfully
talented man. It takes something more than ordinary genius for a
man to draw a picture of a fungus that he never saw. We present
above a photograph (Fig. 905) from nature
of "Isaria" flabelliformis, a frequent plant
with us. Schweinitz claims that it had a
perithecioid stage, and we reproduce his fig-
ure (907), which, while crude, was evidently
intended to represent the plant. Fries stated,
on the basis of Schweinitz's figure, no doubt,
that it was the conidial state of Xylaria corni-
formis. I do not believe that there is any
ground for that, but it was taken up and ap-
pears in Ellis' N. A. Pyrenomycetes. And finally Cooke was able,
with his wonderful talent, to construct (in his imagination) a perfect
plant (Fig. 896) which no one but Cooke (in his imagination) ever
saw.

XYLARIA SCHWEIXITZII, SENT BY DR. SYLVIO BO-
NANSEA, MEXICO. — This species was originally collected in Surinam
by Dr. Hering, of Philadelphia, and given to Schweinitz. Schweinitz did
not publish it, but named it in manuscript Spheria capitata. After
Schweinitz's death his herbarium was sent to Berkeley (Note). Ber-

635

Fig. 907.

keley published this as "Xylaria Schweinitzii, Berkeley and Curtis, '
thus advertising the three middlemen, none of whom had much to do
with it excepting to pass it along. The original collector was left

out in the cold in this advertising
scheme, and the clerical trinity gath-
ered all the glory.

Xylaria Schweinitzii is the same
type of plant as Xylaria polymorpha.
It has the same stroma, and similar
perithecia. When fully developed,
it has a subglobose head, and a
slender stipe. The spores, 10 x 28,
average broader, but it belongs close
to polymorpha.

Fig. 908.

NOTE— We have noted this statement some-
where in print since our Letter No. 50 was pub-
lished. At that time we reached the same conclu-
sions, but only by inference, which, however, proved
to be correct.

XYLARIA VARIABILIS, FROM J. GOSSWEILER, AFRICA
OCCIDENTALS (Fig. 909). — We determine this purely on the
principle of the doctrine of probabilities. It came
from the "type locality." While it has not much
resemblance to the picture that Currey gave, it is
about as near as most pictures that are supposed to
represent Xylarias, nearer than many of them. In
addition, it agrees with a remark of Currey 's, "The
inner tissue collapses in drying (as is the case with
many Xylarias), leaving the bark (so to speak) in
the form of a brittle, detached integument." This
is shown in our photograph (but not in Currey's
picture), and it is a better character than Mr. Currey
thought. We have photographs of most of the his-
torical specimens in the museums, excepting the rela-
tively few that are in the British Museum. The
facilities for photographing there were not as con-
venient for me as in other museums. Mr. Gossweiler's
specimens also agree with the "type" in another
feature — they are immature.

The perithecia are arranged in lines, on the order
of those of the well-known Xylaria grammica of the
American tropics, and the two species will go in the
same group, if indeed they are not finally referred to
the same species.

The determination of species by deduction is not
very satisfying, as must be admitted, but it is better
than past work that has been done on tropical species,
most of which was pure guess work. We do not
believe any portion of mycology is in a worse condi-
tion than that of the foreign Xylarias.
636

Fig. 909.

MYCOLOGICAL NOTES.

BY C. G. LLOYD.

No. 46.

CINCINNATI, O.

FEBRUARY, 1917.

PROFESSOR C. H. KAUFFMANN.
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA

AT f.n^ A

9 fl 1CM9

MYCOLOGICAL NOTES

Issued by C. G. LLOYD.

224 West Court Street, - - CINCINNATI, OHIO.

SUBSCRIPTION PRICE.— A little personal interest on the part
of the recipient in picking up and sending to my address, specimens of
the larger fungi. All are desired excepting specimens of fleshy Agarics.
Simply dry the specimens and send them in.

PROFESSOR C. H. KAUFFMANN.

The photograph this month is of Professor C. H. Kauffmann, who
is well known among the mycological workers of this country. He is
a graduate of Harvard University, and is a professor in botany and
curator of the Cryptogamic herbarium of the University of Michigan.
Professor Kauffmann is one of the few American mycologists who has
systematically studied our American agarics. He specialized on the
genus Cortinarius, and is, we think, the only one in this country who
has any knowledge of this difficult genus. We met Professor Kauff-
mann some years ago in Sweden, where he was making a special study
of the Swedish Cortinarii. He is a close and careful student, and a
liberal contributor to our museum. Rarely a season passes that we
do not get from Professor Kauffmann a nice sending of rare and
critically studied species.

Professor Kauffmann's ancestors were of the good old Pennsyl-
vania Dutch stock, that has produced such workers as Schweinitz
and Dr. Herbst. Some years ago we spent several weeks visiting Dr.
Herbst in the section where the Pennsylvania Dutch reside, and we
have a warm place in our heait for anyone who has sprung from this
stock. Professor Kauffmann has written a number of interesting
works, and has now in press a systematic arrangement of the agarics
of Michigan, which we hope will be shortly published.

Professor Kauffmann is a conservative mycological worker, not
tinctured with the ideas of the modern name-jugglers, and we hope
his forthcoming work can be used as a basis for a manual of American
agarics. Excepting the monographs of Professor Peck, there 'is very
little now on the subject of much value.

638

THE GENUS MESOPHELLIA.

As we have previously stated in our Lycoperdaceae of Australia,
the genus Mesophellia_is the most curious genus known of the Gaster-
omycetes. It has in its center a hard, white core of the texture of
the finest grained hard wood. The gleba lies between the core and
the peridium. In all species heretofore known the gleba is greenish
olive: in a species recently received from C. C. Brittlebank it is pinkish
buff, with no green tint. Also in all species heretofore known the core
is joined to the inner peridium by ligaments of the same hard tissue
that proceed from the core. In this species there are no ligaments.
The genus Mesophellia is only known from Australia, and excepting
the specimens in our museum, most we have seen are at Kew. There
are four species well enough represented to be named.

MESOPHELLIA ARENARIA (Fig. 910).— Exoperidium of
coarse, fibrous tissue. Endoperidium thin. Gleba greenish olive.
Spores elliptical, 5x10 mic.,
smooth. Core attached by
ligaments. Although we
have no specimens of tnis
species, it is the best repre-
sented at Kew. It was the
original species, collected in
Tasmania, by Archer, and
well illustrated by Berkeley
in the Trans. Linn. Soc.,
Vol. 22. Afterwards Ber-
keley received it from
Mueller, a more abundant
collection by Muir ("Gar-
den River, West Australia"), and tried to change its name to
Inoderma, but to no avail. The bull made by Dr. Hollos in con-
nection with the plant is explained in our Australian Lycoper-
daceae in a note on page 40. Hollos discovered it was a "new
genus" about twenty years after it was named. Cooke also got
specimens and named it Diploderma glauca. The genus Diploderma
of Cooke was made up of Mesophellias, Gallacea, and unopened
Geasters, plants without the slightest resemblance or affinity to each
other. Oui figures, (910), made from specimens at Kew, show a
specimen with the outer peridium, also a section with gleba and a sec-
tion showing the core and ligaments attaching it to the inner pe-
ridium, the gleba having been dissipated.

MESOPHELLIA SABULOSA (Fig. 911).— Exoperidium in the
nature of an agglutinate sand case, other characters as those of
M. arenaria. This was named by Cooke as Diploderma sabulosum.
I have a specimen from J. G. O. Tepper, but it is evidently a rare
plant. It may be the same as Mesophellia arenaria, but the texture
of the exoperidium appears to me quite different. Our figure 911

639

shows the core in situ in the peridium with the ligaments binding
them together. The gleba has been dissipated. Also a figure of the
core separate.

Fig. 911.

MESOPHELLIA PACHYTHRIX. This also may be Meso-
phellia arenaria, but the type (all that is known) has capillitium of a
different color, much coarser, being compared in color and texture to
the fiber of the outer shell of a cocoanut. The spores also appear
minutely waited. It is only known from one collection at Kew,
called Diploderma pachythrix, by Cooke.

MESOPHELLIA CASTANEA, FROM C. C. BRITTLEBANK,
AUSTRALIA (Fig. 912).— Peridium of thick, hard, woody tissue.
Surface smooth, pale. Gleba pale pinkish color. Capillitium slender,
matted, subhyaline threads about 3 mic. in diameter. Spores elliptical,
5 x 10 mic. smooth, subhyaline. Core hard, woody, not attached to
the peridium by ligaments.

The species of Mesophellia hitherto known all belong to the
same group with greenish gleba, thin endoperidium, and core at-
tached by ligaments. This specimen from C. C. Brittlebank, Mel-

Fig 912

bourne (No. 19) differs in several respects, the gleba color, the free
core, and the thick, uniform, hard peridium. If the specimen ever had
an outer peridium no trace remains. Excepting as to color, it is
about the size and appearance of an Italian chestnut. Our figure
(912) shows an outer view, a section with the core and gleba in situ,
and the core separate.

EFFETE MATTER.

640

THE GENUS DIPLODERMA.

The genus Diploderma was based on the idea of a puff ball that
does not open, and we have decided to use the generic name, not-
withstanding that the original and most of the proposed species of
Diploderma are bulls. (Cfr. Myc. Notes, p. 181.) About a hundred
years ago Link proposed the genus Diploderma, basing it on an un-
opened specimen of Geaster hygrometricus, still preserved at Berlin.
Seven species from Australia and one from Hungary have since been
added, most of which are unopened Geasters.

It was Cooke, in his Australian Handbook, who brought the
"genus" into prominence and disrepute. He defines it as having a
"central, woody nucleus," which definition belongs to Mesophellia
(see previous genus), not to Diploderma, and then as evidence of
the care that Cooke bestowed on his work, after so defining the genus,
two-thirds of the "species" he includes do not have "central, woody
cores." He includes six species; two are Mesophellias, two are un-
opened Geasters, and two, D. suberosum and D. album, are imma-
ture, but probably good species of something, if they were adequately
known. Both have globose spores, but otherwise appear as though
they may be cogeneric with Diploderma avellaneum.

The genus, excluding the Mesophellias and unopened Geasters
that do not belong to it, could be defined as follows :

Peridium double, the inner usually hard and rigid. Dehis-
cence none, or at least unknown. Sterile base or central core none.
Capillitium hyaline. Spores elliptical or globose, very pale color or
hyaline.

This genus, only known from Australasia, is close to Meso-
phellia, differing in having no central core.

DIPLODERMA AVELLANEUM, FROM C. C. BRITTLE-
BANK, AUSTRALIA (Fig. 913).— Peridium 1 to 2 cm. injdiameter,
globose, about the size
and color of a hazel nut.
Outer peridium thin,
closely adnate. Inner
peridium thick, hard,
woody, white. Gleba
pale buff color (near
chamois ; R i d g w a y ) .
Columella or core, none.
Capillitium scanty, cob- Fig. 913

webby, hyaline. Spores
elliptical, 5-6 x 8-12, pale ochraceous, subhyaline, minutely warty.

Two specimens (Fig. 913) were received from Mr. Brittlebank
(No. 2). Neither shows any signs of dehiscence.

DIPLODERMA INSOLITUM, FROM C. C. BRITTLEBANK,
AUSTRALIA (Fig. 914).— Plant 2-3 cm. in diameter, without root-
ing base. Exoperidium thin, but rigid, pale. Gleba filling the peridium,
pale, rosy color. Capillitium cobwebby, of hyaline, flaccid threads.
Spores varying 7-8x12-16, elliptical, pale, subhyaline, minutely

641

rough. Cystidia (Fig. 915) large, thick-walled cells, varying much

as to shape, but usually stalked at the base.

The permanent cells found in the gleba are unusual. I have

been examining the gleba of Gastromycetes for many years, and I

never before noted simi-
lar bodies in the ripe
gleba. Miss Wakefield,
to whom I sent a speci-
men, suggests that they
are cystidia, and I be-
lieve she is right. We
know that there are spe-
cies of Gastromycetes

such as Secotium, that do have cystidia in the hymenium, and

"new genera" are even based on

them. But they disappear in deli-
quescence, and are not found in

the ripe gleba. That these bodies

in the ripe gleba of Diploderma

insolitum are cystidia is probable,

but it is strange that they do

Fig 914

not disappear like the basidia
and hypheal tissue, in deliques-
cence. As far as I know, there
is no other analogous case, except-
ing perhaps the curious cells of
Battarrea. Type from C. C.

Brittlebank, Melbourne, Australia Fig. 915.

(No. 3).

DIPLODERMA CASTOREUM (Fig. 916).— Peridium double,
about of equal thickness, smooth, fibrous, tough. (Dehiscence?)

Fig 916.

Diploderma castoreum.

642

Gleba pale, filling the cavity. Capillitium interwoven, hyaline, tor-
tuous threads. Spores elliptical-fusiform, 8 x 16, hyaline, or pale
greenish color, rough.

This has a strong, rooting base (Fig. 916), and was named Cas-
toreum radicatum. In its peridium, gleba, capillitium and spore
features it agrees with Diploderma, and should be united to this
genus. "Puff balls" are not classified by their "roots." It is known
from a couple of specimens at Kew collected at St. George's Bay,
Tasmania, by G. Wintle. One of the specimens, as shown in our
figure, is double, but that is probably not usual. The collector states
that the plant is "eaten by kangaroos and bandicoots." We con-
sidered this plant in our Lycoperdaceae of Australasia. It must be
a rare plant, and probably does not occur in Australia, for it never
reached me from any collector.

DIPLODERMA SUBEROSUM. — This was based on an immature specimen
(gleba not fully deliquescent), with a thick, pale exoperidium and a thin, black
endoperidium, no core, no sterile base. Capillitium scanty, hyaline. Gleba color
pale olivaceous. Spores globose, 4 mic. hyaline, very slightly rough. Only known
from a specimen collected by Broome, Brisbane, Australia.

DIPLODERMA ALBA.— This is extremely doubtful. It departs from the
idea of the genus in having a columella like some unopened Geasters. The type is
very immature, the gleba not yet deliquesced. Spores globose, hyaline. We should
consider it an unopened Geaster, but doubt if any Geaster, even immature, has
hyaline spores. Naturally, it is known only from the type locality, "Cudgegong
River, Australia."

EFFETE MATTER.

Diploderma fumosum, Cooke, Australia; Diploderma melasporum, Cooke, Australia; Diplo-
derma Ungerii, Schulzer, Austria; Diploderma tuberosum. Link, Germany, are unopened geasters.
Diploderma glaucum, Cooke, Australia, is Mesophellia arenaria. Diploderma sabulosum, Cooke.
Australia, and Diploderma pachythrix are Mesophellias, close, if not the same as Mesophellia arenaria,

THE GENUS ARACHNION.

The receipt of a "giant" Arachnion from Miss A. V. Duthie,
South Africa, has led us to a review of this curious genus.

The genus can be briefly described as being puff-balls within
puff-balls. The entire interior of a ripe specimen is filled, not with
dust (spores and capillitium), as most puff-balls, but with a granular
substance that feels "gritty" when rubbed between the fingers.
These granules are peridioles, little sacks containing spores. They
are small, but can be seen undei a hand-glass, and even with the
naked eye. They are of the color, and appear as if the puff-ball were
filled with ashes. The name Arachnion refers "to a spider sac filled
with eggs."

The genus Arachnion has always a very thin peridium with
a smooth cortex. It breaks irregularly, and is so fragile that it
is difficult to keep entire ripe specimens in the herbarium. There is
no sterile base. The gleba consists of little granular masses of spores
called peridioles, which in the type species are each surrounded with
an imperfect web of hyphae, analogous to the capillitium of other
"puff-balls," and for convenience called capillitium. In Arachnion
rufum, of Australia and in a form of Arachnion album from Brazil,
the peridioles are almost devoid of hyphae, almost naked, little balls
of spores. The spores are borne on slender sterigmata, which in some

643

specimens (not species, I think) are partially persistent as pedicels.
Usually these pedicels are absorbed in the process of deliquescence,
and it is not unusual to note spores in the same specimens with vary-
ing remains of the sterigmata.

HISTORY. — Up to last year the known species of Arachnion were really one
species, originally named Arachnion album, by Schweinitz, who noted the pecu-
liarities on which the genus rests. It is so small and rare that it is not often col-
lected, but we receive it occasionally from the United States, West Indies, South
America, Australia, and South Africa. One correspondent (Miss A. V. Duthie) re-
ports it very common in South Africa (Note 191). In Europe it is known to this
day from a single collection sent me in 1905 by Rev. L. Badet, from Salussola, Italy.
Last year Miss Duthie added from South Africa a very peculiar species Arachnion
Scleroderma (Myc. Notes, p. 538), and now sends a giant species, which was
entirely unexpected in this genus of heretofore pigmy puff balls.

ARACHNION ALBUM (Fig. 917).— Peridium smooth, thin
and fragile, never opening by a definite mouth, but breaking irreg-
ularly, pale in color, pure white when young. Gleba composed of
little grains called peridioles, each con-
sisting of a mass of spores surrounded
by a few, loose, hyphae threads (capil-
litium). Spores smooth, globose, 5-6
mic., sometimes with fragments of the
persistent sterigmata attached. Gleba

Fig. 918.

color in the type form ash gray. Our figure 917 is this plant, natural
size. Fig. 918 a section enlarged about six diameters to show the na-
ture of the peridioles.

We gave in Mvcological Notes, page 253, the slight variations we have noted
in this plant from different localities. They do not merit distinctive names, except-
ing perhaps as to the following.

Arachnion bovista (Chile), same exactly as Arachnion album, excepting the
gleba is brown instead of ash gray.

Arachnion rufum (Australia, M. N., p. 254) is a more robust plant than Arach-
nion album with a thicker, reddish brown peridium and brown gleba It is onlv
known from one collection from D. McAlpine.

ARACHNION SCLERODERMA FROM MISS A V
DUTHIE, SOUTH AFRICA.-Peridium globose, M^ cm in di-
ameter, with a strong, rooting base. Sterile base none. Peridium
thin, with large, irregular warts on the order of the warts of Sclero-
derma aurantiacum. Gleba greenish olive. Peridioles irregular, both
in size and shape, from globose to narrowly elongated, or obtusely
triangular, 60-300 mic. in diameter. Spores globose, or slightly oval,
smooth, mostly pedicellate, with slender pedicels; 6-20 mic. long.

644

In internal characters this is much like Arachnion album, but the
peridium characters are so different that I at first took it foi a Sclero-
derma. The only collection is from Miss A. V. Duthie, South Africa.
(Cfr. Myc. Notes, page 538, where a figure of the plant is given.)

ARACHNION GIGANTEUM, FROM MISS A. V. DUTHIE,
SOUTH AFRICA (Fig. 919).— Plant 5 to 7 cm. in diameter, globose,
with a few mycelial roots.
Peridium thin, fragile,
smooth, dark fuliginous.
Gleba ash gray, like grains
of sand. Peridioles with
rather firm walls, globose
or oblong, 200 to 400 rm'c.
in diameter. Spores glo-
bose, 8 mic. in diameter,
smooth, very pale colored,
without pedicels.

We have been so ac-
customed to consider
Arachnion as our genus of
smallest puff-balls that
when we first saw this
large specimen (Fig. 919,
natural size) we did not
believe it would prove to
be an Arachnion. It was
very fragile, and was
largely broken up before
we could photograph it. The specimen is from Miss A. V. Duthie,
South Africa, and is the second species that she has added to the
genus.

THE MESOPODIAL LASGHIAS.

The genus Laschia embraces the gelatinous, poroid species.
Most of them are quite small, and ses-
sile or pleuropodial. The mesopodial
species are very few, only four being
known as follows:

LASCHIA STAUDTII (Fig.
920). — Pure white, glabrous, gelati-
nous. Stipe 1-2 inches long, meso-
podial, white, smooth. Pileus con-
vex, smooth. Pores medium, shallow.
Cystidia and crested cells none.
Spores oblong, 4x6 mic. The collec-
tion sent by Dr. Cleland is the first
made in Australia and the second
known. A collection reached Hen-
nings from Kamerun, Africa, and was
named as above. It is preserved in
alcohol at Berlin, and our photograph
645

Fig. 919.

Fig. 920.

is from the specimen in a jar. Dr. Cleland sent his specimens preserved
in formalin, and they are exactly the same as the African collection.
Illustration, Engler & Prantl, page 185, very good.

LASCHIA. B \UMANNIANA.— Scantily known from the type in alcohol at
Berlin It came from Africa, and is recorded as yellow when fresh. It is same shape,
but smaller and more slender than Staudtii. The microscopic features are not
known.

LASCHIA CAESPITOSA, FROM DR. J. B CLELAND,
AUSTRALIA (Fig. 921).— Pileus conical, smooth, pale when dry,
white (?) when fresh. Stipe slender, mesopodial, caespitose, and
coalescent at base. Pores small, angular, very deep and long.

This seems to be a frequent species in Ceylon, Australia, New
Caledonia, and New Pomerania, but unknown to me from other

Fig. 921.

Fig. 922.

Eastern countries. It is recorded from Philippines, but I have seen
no specimens. Berkeley first got it from Ceylon and named it Favolus
manipularis. At that time Berkeley's ideas of the genus Favolus was
Laschia of the present day. Afterwards Berkeley modified his view of
the genus, and when he received the plant some years later from Aus-
tralia he called it Laschia caespitosa, a better name for it. In recent
years it has been named Laschia gogolensis and Laschia Lauterbackii
by Hennings, and Polyporus mycenoides by Patouillard. As it is unique
in its long pores, differing in this respect from all other species, it
should not have had so many names. It grows caespitose "50 or
more" in a clump, it is said, on rotten logs. In general aspect it re-
sembles an Omphalia. Our photograph (Fig. 921) is from the type at
Kew, and also (Fig. 922) a section through a piieus (somewhat en-
larged) of a specimen sent by Dr. Cleland.

LASCHIA GRACILIS (Fig. 923).— Pileus thin, subgelatinous,
pale. Pores minute, white, gelatinous. Stipe mesopodial, slender,
smooth, reddish when dry. Cystidia none. Spores (P.) globose,
5 mic. apiculate, hyaline, smooth.

646

This seems to be the only mesopodial
Laschia in the American tropics. It was named
Polyporus gracilis by Klotzsch years ago, and
as such appears in our Stipitate Polyporoids.
Patouillard published it as Laschia clypeata,
and only recently Murrill discovered it to be
a "new species," and called it Polyporus
Cowellii. It is not rare in the American
tropics. Rick has collected and distributed
it. His specimens show some variations in size
of pores, some being larger pored than others.

LASCHIA (?) SILVESTRIS. Holt^tian from Java gives
a figure that is probably a Laschia, and prapltbly Laschia caespitosa,
but he discovers it to be a "new genus/T^ Van Romburghia," and
does not give the essential fact, the nature of the tissue, to decide
whether it belongs to Laschia or not-/^om his imperfect record the
classification of the plant is onlyywguess, but from his figure the
plant is probably Laschia caespitcJ^t.

Fig 923.

THE EMBRYOLOGY OF LYSURUS MOKUSIN

Phalloids could be divided into two families or "natural orders"
on the attachment of the young plant to the volva. We considered
this in detail in Myc. Notes, page 512, in connection with young
Lysurus Gardneri (there called Lysurus borealis). We have received
from L. C. C. Krieger some preserved eggs of Lysurus Mokusin, an
introduced phalloid that occurs in the hot houses at Chico, Cal.
(Cfr. Myc. Notes, page 586). We present a figure (924) enlarged,

of a transverse section
through an egg, showing
the gleba entirely surround-
ing the arms, excepting, of
course, when the arms are
joined to the volva by the
umbilical plate. As the em-
bryonic structure of Ly-
surus Mokusin is exactly the
same as that of Lysurus
Gardneri, considered in de-
tail in Mycological Notes,
page 512, we will not en-
large on it here. A figure
purporting to be a section
through an egg of Lysurus
Mokusin was given in Jour,
de Bot., 1890, page 257, but
it impresses me as having
been an inaccurate conception and presentation of the subject.

There are a number of phalloids whose relations are not known.
We would be most glad to receive the eggs of the following genera:
Aseroe, Anthurus, Pseudocolus, Colus, and Kalchbrenneri. These
five are the only genera in which the embryonic relations are not
known, at least by analogy. We infer that the last three will be

647

Fig. 924.

found to belong to the clathroid alliance, but the relations of Aseroe
and Anthurus are in doubt. It is a simple matter to send phalloid
eggs so as to reach me fresh. Pack them in cotton, moistened with
formalin, in a glass tube or wide mouthed bottle. I hope those who
reside in countries where these phalloids grow, particularly my
Australian and South African correspondents, will bear this in mind
when they find the eggs.

NOTES ON THE XYLARIAS.

We shall be very glad to receive from any correspondents, particularly from
tropical countries, specimens of Xylarias. We have done considerable work on the
genus, and have photographs of all the historical specimens we noted in the various
museums of Europe. Xylarias will be found abundantly in every locality, usually
growing on rotten logs.

Fig. 925

Fig. 926.

Xylaria grammica (Fig. 925). This seems to be a characteristic
species, readily known by its striate, greyish black surface. The
stipe (2-4 cm. x 3-4 mm.) is black, smooth. Each bears one or usually
two clubs (5-8 cm. x 8-10 mm.), usually obtuse, cylindrical. The
surface is a thin, dark greyish crust with black lines. Internally
there is a fuliginous stroma (3-4 mm. thick), pithy in the center and
finally hollow. In drying the clubs often contract and split. The
penthecia are globose, black, arranged in lines. Spores 6 x 12.

Xylaria grammica, originally from South America, is said to be
very common. It is recorded from West Indies, Australia, and
Atrica. We are not assured that the Eastern plant is the same as
the American. Our African collection, Xylaria variabilis (cfr. Myc.
JNotes, page 636), is young. The clubs are more slender, striations
not nearly so prominent, and the "bark" is loose and separates from
the stroma which it does not do in the American plant. This African
plant is also called Xylaria torquescens. The Australian plant we

648

do not know, but it was first called Xylaria ectogramma by Berkeley
and afterward referred to grammica. Xylaria exalbata, from Ceylon,
referred to grammica as a synonym, from our photograph, seems quite
different. We present (Fig. 925) a photograph of this characteristic
species from specimen received from Dr. J. Dutra, Brazil. Also an
enlargement (Fig. 926) to show the nature of the striations.

SPECIMENS.— We have fine collections from Brazil: Rev. Rick (310), Rev. Torrend (394)
and Dr. J. Dutra. AlsD from Angola, Africa. J. Gossweiler, young specimen of Xylaria variabilis.

RELATED SPECIES.

XYLARIA VARIABILIS (cfr. Myc. Notes, page 636).— This is quite close to
grammica, perhaps same species. The clubs are more slender, the lines not so
prominent, the "bark" separable from the stroma, and on comparison they seem
different, though on basis of our immature collection, no just estimate can be made.
We have specimens from J. Gossweiler, Angola, Africa.

XYLARIA ZELANDICA, from New Zealand (not Xylaria Zeylanica from
Ceylon), is a small species with a slender stipe; said to have large, fusiform spores
10 x 32-35. The figure shows similar lines on the club, but we can not make them
out on our photograph of the type.

XYLARIA STRIATA, from China is figured as being about same stature as
Xylaria grammica and having similar lines. The clubs are more acute, stems thicker,
and spores 5-8 x 15-20. Our photograph of the type, however, does not agree with
the published figure by any means.

Fig. 927. Fig. 928.

XYLARIA GUYANENSIS (Fig. 927)— Clubs 3-4 cm. x 6-7
mm., with short stipe l-l^ cm. x 4 mm., solid, with white stroma,
disposed to become hollow in the center when old. When young,
covered with a thin, black crust; when old, smooth, even. Peri-
thecia regular, rather distant, immersed in the stroma. Ostioles sur-
rounded by a white disk. Spores 4-5 x 8-12.

The peculiarity of this species, the white ring around the ostiole,
was noted by Montagne. The perithecia are also more distant and
regular than in most species, and at first the mouths are papillate,
viz., covered with a thin crust. The white ring does not show until
the crust peels off. We are indebted to Dr. Brenckle for examination

649

of the specimen that we photograph. Our enlargement (Fig. 928)
shows the white ring around the ostioles.

SYNONYMS. — This plant was distributed by Theissen as Xylaria Hypoxylon var. tropica,
but it does not seem to be published under this name. It is too obese for X. Hypoxylon, besides, I
think the white rings are characteristic of a species. Xylaria exalbata, Ceylon, Berkeley, is surely
the same plant, and is marked in same way as noted by Berkeley. Xylaria Neilgherries, a mss. name
at Kew, is also same species.

RARE SPECIES OF FUNGI RECEIVED FROM
CORRESPONDENTS

CALVATIA CRETACEA, FROM PROF. JOHN DEARNESS,
CANADA (Fig. 929). — Plant globose, 2-3 inches in diameter. Some-
times with a short, rooting, sterile base. Cortex a thick, furfuraceous
coat, which breaks into pyramidal warts and finally largely disap-
pears. In some specimens the cortex is much less developed than
shown in our photograph. Peridium breaking irregularly in dehis-
cence. Gleba dark, purplish brown. Spores globose, 5-7 mic., apic-
ulate, distinctly rough, with small, echinulate points. Capillitium
rigid, interwoven, threads 5-12 mic. in diameter, mostly 8-10, usually
broken in short pieces, deep colored.

Fig. 929.

This is a peculiar arctic species, only known from extreme
northern regions. It first reached Berkeley, collected by Captain
Feilden, on Bellot Island, August 14, 1876. Bellot Island is up near
the North Pole somewhere. Berkeley named it Lycoperdon creta-
ceum, and published it in his usually imperfect way (1878) in his
account of the fungi of the Arctic expedition. It is the only collec-
tion at Kew, and as will be seen from our photograph (Fig. 929), is
in good condition. We fail to see any application of Berkeley's name
and are much tempted to use the later and better name.

650

In 1914 I received fine specimens of the plant from Thore C. E.
Fries, collected in Lapland, where it is said to be very common in
the mountains. Mr. Fries sent it under the name "Calvatia bore-
alis, n. s.," which I advised him was correct (cfr. Letter No. 49), as
I had overlooked the specimen at Kew. I do not know that he ever
published it. The several specimens from Mr. Fries showed marked
difference in the cortex, the warts of some specimens of same collec-
tion being much smaller. Also the sterile base though scanty, is
evident in some and absent in others. In 1910 there was published
and figured in the Fungi of Denmark Expedition to Greenland, under
the name Calvatia arctica, a plant that, from the description, is
doubtless the same species. I have never seen the figure. It was
collected in East Greenland, Lat. 77 degrees. The main description
accords, though there are a few discrepancies from the plant as I
know it, viz., "Spores yellowish. Capillitium rarely 7j^ mic. in
diameter." We believe it will prove to be the same plant, described
from not fully matured specimens.

The specimens from Prof. Dearness were collected at Kay Point
in the Arctics, August, 1914. It is the fourth collection known.

Fig. 930.

Polystictus arenicola.

POLYSTICTUS ARENICOLA, FROM CHAS. H. BAKER,
FLORIDA (Fig. 930).— Pileus 6-8 cm., broad, surface ,snow white,

651

as if whitewashed, faintly zonate, with raised zones, context very
thin, ferruginous. Pores small to medium, >•£ cm. long, with ferru-
ginous tissue and mouths. Stipe mesopodial, ferruginous, short, two
to three cm. long, abruptly bulbose at base. Setae none. Spores
(Fig. 931) abundant, narrowly oblong,
4x12 mic., very pale colored, smooth.

This plant grows in the sand. It is
very striking in the strong contrast of the
snow white surface and ferruginous con-
text. At first I considered the possibility
of its being decolored specimens of some
other species, for we know that the related
Polystictus perennis often has a decolored
surface, due to age and exposure to light.
But no other similar species has same spores.

Fig 931 Polystictus Montagnei, which is the closest

and agrees in tissue, color, and general

stature, has spores 7 x 10, much broader, and differs essentially in
shape. We would class the plant in Section 17a of our Stipitate
Polyporoid pamphlet, and were we rewriting it we would remove
Polystictus Montagnei to same section.

The plant could be named dealbatus most appropriately, but
unfortunately the name is occupied by a species not very suitable
to the name. There is now a Polystictus arenicolor, and some one
may wish to change this on that account. However, "sand dwelling"
and "sand color" are entirely different ideas, and it is not practical
to select names in all cases "fool-proof," so we will let it go.

Mr. Baker is fortunate in finding this novelty, for unnamed
Polyporoids (excepting Porias) are rare nowadays in the United
States.

POLYPORUS GLOBOCEPHALUS, FROM REV. TORREND,
BRAZIL (Fig. 932). — Pileus hemispherical, about 1 cm. broad,
fleshy, white. Surface smooth. Flesh soft, white. Stem
mesopodial. black below, white above. Pores minute,
decurrent on the stem. Cystidia none.

This is the first Melanopus I have seen with hemi-
spherical head. I would class it in Section 49, though it
differs from all others in this section. On account of the
soft flesh, it might go in Section 44 of Ovinus, but these
little plants would not be sought in Ovinus. Rev.
Torrend sends a specimen in formalin, from which our Fi^-932-
photograph and description are drawn. It would not be possible to
give a description from the dried specimen.

MYCOLOGICAL NOTES are published on very liberal
terms. Read the subscription price on page 638. We
should be glad to receive specimens in payment for sub-
scription, particularly from those residing in tropical
countries. Every one should aid in this work. Address
C G LLOYD, 224 West Court Street, Cincinnati, Ohio.
(United States.) -

MYCOLOGICAL NOTES.

BY C. G. LLOYD

CINCINNATI, O.

APRIL, 1917.

PROFESSOR EJ^A.RD, ANGUS > BURT.

* I I/'!1-- A

JAN 2 0 1942

MYCOLOGICAL NOTES

Issued by C. G. LLOYD.

224 West Court Street, - - CINCINNATI, OHIO.

SUBSCRIPTION PRICE.— A little personal interest on the part
of the recipient in picking up and sending to my address, specimens of
the larger fungi. All are desired excepting specimens of fleshy Agarics.
Simply dry the specimens and send them in.

PROFESSOR EDWARD ANGUS BURT.

We hold Prof. Burt to be one of the few really earnest, scholarly
men at work on American mycology. To his specialty, the Thel-
ephoraceae, he has given years of careful and close study. The
Thelephoraceae, particularly the resupinate species, demand the
most patient application and labor. The recent use of the micro-
scope in this field has made of it a new world. The old workers, with
scant material and superficial examinations and their obsessions for
"new species," made a mess of it. Xot a quarter of the species were
named, and of those named, few could be identified. Our species
are no doubt mostly the same as those in Europe, but no one had
any way of knowing what those in Europe are, much less those of
this country.

Fifteen or perhaps twenty years ago, Prof. Burt spent a season
in Europe, studying such specimens as he collected, or found at Kew
or Upsala. It is to be regretted that he did not go to Leiden, the
home of Persoon's specimens, where are to be found the "real" types
of many of these species. I have not much sympathy with the idea,
now "legal," of starting with Fries, particularly in the cases where
he did not get Persoon's species right, and there are many cases of
this kind among the resupinates.

Prof. Burt has been slow in publishing, and it is only in the last
two or three years that we have had much benefit from his studies.
We trust that his work will not be interrupted, until finished. In
our opinion, the resupinates will never be a very popular study, as
long as they involve as much work as at present, sectioning each
specimen. We think the study can be made more practical, but that
is for the future.

Prof. Burt and Bresadola are, we believe, the only two con-
654

scientious "priorists" living. This very quality, indeed, has led
Bresadola into many illogical conclusions as to the names he uses,
and judging from Hurt's troubles with "Septobasidium pedicellatum,"
he will meet the same difficulty. "Use," in my opinion, not "priority"
alone, is the natural law of all languages, and the man who holds to
the contrary is in the same position as the man who would refuse
to employ the word "December," because it is not now the tenth
month.

Prof. Burt is a very careful, safe, conservative man, a thorough
scholar, a patient worker, a graduate of the best mycological college
in our country (Harvard), and he is working on the most difficult
problem existing in connection with American mycology. We have
always felt it to be most fortunate that a man of his character be-
came interested in this work, for he will undoubtedly place it on a
safe and permanent basis. And he is not only the first, but he is the
only man who knows, or for that matter, has ever known, anything
about resupinate Thelephoraceae in this country.

POLYPORUS ANCEPS, FROM JAMES R. WEIR, MON-
TANA (Fig. 933). We take this in the sense as named by Mr. Weir,
for with him it is a com-
mon plant on hemlock, and .».

I have never been able to _,, ^ . v

decide a name for it. This
is a white, hard plant with
a "reddish tendency" (sec-
tion 84). I have always
doubted it being anceps, for
I noted no "reddish" change
on the type. But as it grows

on hemlock, and answers well Fig. 933.

the description, I think it

best to take Peck's name in the sense of Weir. The most prominent char-
acter is the way it affects the host, the peculiar "rot" shown in our fig-
ure 934. WTe gave in Note 499 a synopsis of the similar and related spe-
cies, but they are very puzzling and as yet are not all straightened out.

Fig. 934.

655

CYTIDIA CORNEA, FROM MISS A. V. DUTHIE, SOUTH
AFRICA (Figs. 935 and 936). Dried plant discoid with recurved
margin, 8-10 mm. in diameter, pale flesh color. Tissue hard, horny,

Fig. 935.

Fig. 936

cuts with difficulty. When soaked it is pure white, firm, with smooth,
shiny hymenium on upper surface only. Context white, firm. Basidia
clavate, hyaline, with long sterigmata. Spores globose, large, 14-16
mic., pale yellowish tint, surface uneven. Context hyphae hyaline,
slender, similar to the hyphae of a Tre-
mella. Cystidia crested.

It is customary nowadays to refer
to Aleurodiscus all Thelephoraceae with
large spores and basidia. This is not a
Thelephora in fact. It is neither cartila-
ginous nor fleshy, but subgelatinous with
such firm texture that gelatinous does not
express it, but it swells on absorbing mois-
ture, and the hyphae are same nature as
gelatinous plants.

It is quite embarrassing to refer this
plant to any established genus. It lies
between Cytidia and Aleurodiscus. The
hymenial structure is of the latter, the gela-
tinous tissue that of the former. It is
neither in fact. I was inclined towards
Aleurodiscus, but I sent the plant to Rev.
Bourdot, and he decides on Cytidia. To
include it in either genus, the limitation
of the genus must be stretched. Our figure
935 represents the dried specimen as re-
ceived from Miss Duthie. Figure 936 is

same after it is soaked out. We present a figure (937), kindly pre-
pared by Rev. Bourdot, to show its hymenial character. It will be
noted that it has the large spores, basidia and crested cystidia of
Aleurodiscus. Crested cystidia are chiefly known in Aleurodiscus.
They are called "dendrophysen" by the Germans, "hyphes para-
ph ysoides" by the French.

POLYPORUS (AMAUR.) INFULGENS, FROM REV. C.
TORREND, BRAZIL (Fig. 938). Pileus with a dull surface, color
of applanatus. Stipe pleuropodial, concolorous. Context pale.

656

Fig. 937.

Flft. 93h. Fig. 939.

Fig. 938, Polyporus infulgens. Fig. 939, Polyporus dorsali

657

Pores minute, round, with white mouths. Spores globose, strongly
rough, reticulate, 10 mic.

We were at first disposed to refer this to Polyporus subrenatus,
named from a single specimen from British Honduras which has the
same spores. On a recent visit to New York we compared them and
they are not possibly the same. The leading features, however, the
dull, non-laccate surface, the pale context, and particularly the globose,
reticulate, strongly rough spores which are exceptional in this group of
plants, are the same. These peculiar spores only found in one other
related species, are not mentioned in the original "description"
of Polyporus subrenatus. Both species belong in Section 6a (Amau-
rodermus) of our Stipitate Polyporoids.

POLYPORUS (CAN.) DORSALIS, FROM REV. J. RICK,
BRAZIL (Fig. 939). This corresponds to Pol. lucidus, excepting
in the stipe insertion which is dorsally attached. Pol. lucidus never
has a stipe attachment like this. As lucidus, it is a "light weight"
species. Polyporus fornicatus has the same shape and attachment
exactly (cfr. Stip. Pol. fig. 398), but is a "heavy" species, that is, it
has minute, heavy, hard pores, and belongs to a section corresponding
to "Ponderosus" in our Fomes pamphlet (section 74, page 269).
On form alone, both are same, but in nature of pores they are quite
different. The stipe is much longer than our figure, which is taken
to show the stipe attachment.

While our figure of Polyporus dorsalis (939) has a close resem-
blance to the figure of Polyporus infulgens (938), they are quite
different plants. Polyporus dorsalis belongs to Section Ganodermus
with strong laccate surface and truncated spores. Polyporus in-
fulgens belongs to Section Amaurodermus with dull surface and
globose spores. Polyporus dorsalis is probably best held as a form of
Polyporus lucidus, but I believe the stipe attachment is of more im-
portance than most characters on which species are based.

GUEPINIA PEZIZAEFORMIS, FROM J. B. CLELAND,
AUSTRALIA (Figs. 940 to 942). We are very much pleased to
receive this little species from Dr. Cleland. It is the first we have

Fig. 940. Fig 94i

gotten It is scantily represented at Kew, also a collection from
Australia at Berlin. It is not known from any other country. Gue-
pima pezizaeformis is not well named, for it is not pezizaeform.
Ine dried specimens curl up and Berkeley may have carelessly taken
them for little cups, but they are not. They are about same form

658

as the little Polyporus pusillus (Rhipidium) attached by a lateral
point, and the hymenium on the under side. The color described
as "red" is yellow or perhaps orange yellow, with far more yellow
than red. It is a typical Guepinia with the hymenium inferior,
furcate basidia, and hyaline unilateral
spores, 6 x 12-14, guttulate, and probably
septate in germination. The color resides
in a cortical, palisade layer of cells, quite
distinct from the hyaline tissue of the plant.
I do not recall any other tremellaceous
plant with a similar, distinct, cortical layer
of bright colored cells. Cooke's figure (96)
in the Handbook has no resemblance how-
ever remote to either size or shape of plant.
He no doubt drew it from his imagina-
tion, drawing his picture to suit the name.
Our figure 940 represents the dried plant,
natural size; 941, a single specimen soaked
out and enlarged; and 942 several speci-
mens partially soaked. The little plants
curl up and roll inward in drying, and only
take the flattened form after" prolonged
soaking. Fig. 942.

FAVOLUS EUROPAEUS (?), FROM J. E. A. LEWIS, JAPAN.
(Fig. 943.) It has always appeared to me strange that I have never
gotten Favplus from Japan, and the genus is not recorded from
Japan. It is a common genus with us, and not rare in the alpine

regions of Europe. Favolus europaeus
was considered and illustrated on page
18 of our Polyporoid issue. We have
over a hundred collections of it from
the United States. When fresh it is
of a bright color, with a thin cuticle,
which peels off as it gets old, and then
the plant becomes white. This speci-
men from Mr. Lewis is white, with no
evidence of ever having had a colored
cuticle. Of course, I cannot state that
it ever had a colored cuticle, but I as-
sume that it did, in which case it is
Favolus europaeus. If it were always
white then it is unnamed I think. As to shape, texture, pores, it is the
same as we sometimes find Favolus europaeus here. I hope our
Japanese correspondents will watch out particularly for Favolus.
I believe that Favolus europaeus must grow in Japan for it is common
with us in America and occurs in Europe. It cannot be mistaken
from our photograph of the pores. Just a few days ago, I received
from M. Gono, Japan, a specimen of Favolus, which was so badly
eaten I could not venture as to its species, but it was not Favolus
europaeus.

Fife. 943.

Fig. 944.

POLYPORUS MOLLERIANUS,
FROM J. E. A. LEWIS, JAPAN (Fig.
944). This is the stipitate form of Poly-
porus vinosus, same exactly as to color,
context, pores, etc., but spathulate and
stipitate (cfr. Apus Pol., page 342).
Originally it was from Africa, and we
have heretofore only seen African speci-
mens. It is a new record in Japan. We
have previously gotten, however, the
usual form of Polyporus vinosus from
A. Yasuda, Japan.

ISARIA, FROM J. E. A. LEWIS,

JAPAN (Fig. 945). On Melolontha Japonica, as named by Mr.

Lewis. Not many of the Isarias have

specific names, and they should not have,

for most if not all of them are preliminary

stages of a Cordyceps. There are good

grounds to suspect when one finds an

Isaria on an insect, that the same host

develops a Cordyceps. We know of no

Cordyceps on Melolontha in Japan. We Fig. 945.

have in the United States a Cordyceps

called Cordyceps Melolonthae, and it is our largest species. With

us this is developed from the
larva, not the perfect insect.
We hope our Japanese cor-
respondent will specially
watch for a Cordyceps on
Melolontha.

STEREUM ELEGANS
IN JAPAN. FROM J. E.
A. LEWIS, (Fig. 946). This
specimen is so much more
rigid and firm that we are
very much in doubt as to
the reference. Also it seems
to grow from the earth later-
ally, not with a central root
as illustrated on page 598,
Mycological Notes. Also the
pileoli are not as distinctly
stalked as usual.

Stereum elegans, that
Fig- 946. had not crystallized into any-

thing definite until we wrote

our Stereum pamphlet, proves to be a frequent species in the East,
originally from Surinam. We have specimens as follows:

660

Fig. 947.

Australia, 14; India, 1; Ceylon, 3; West Indies, 3; South America,

2. We have also a small but typical collection

from A. Yasuda, Japan (Fig. 947). While the plant

from Mr. Lewis is different from the usual plant, it

will probably prove in time to be due to conditions

of growth.

POLYPORUS VOLVATUS, FROM J. E. A.
LEWIS, JAPAN (Fig. 948).— A fine collection.
Forty years ago Peck named this unique thing,
although it is common now in sections of the United
States, and a number are in our museum. It is also
found in China and Japan. We have it from Prof.
A. Yasuda, Japan. By comparing the photograph of the Japanese

specimen (Fig. 948), sent by Mr.

Lewis, with our photographs of the
American plant (Myc. Notes,
Polyp. Issue, page 25) it will be
noted that they are absolutely the
same in every respect. It should
open the eyes of those who look
upon fungi as "local" and mostly
"new species" when a species as
unique as this occurs in the United
States, Japan, and China. Other
wise it is not known in any country.
A full account of the plant was
given in our Polyporoid Issue, No.
2, page 25.

CANTHARELLUS PAL-
LI DUS, FROM A. YASUDA,

JAPAN (Fig. 949). — Pleuropodial, fleshy, spathulate, or lobed, thick,
with obtuse gills. Color described when fresh, very pale, almost
white. Specimens now discolored. Spores
4x8 mic., hyaline, smooth.

Two specimens were received. One
was lobed, as shown in our photograph,
the other slender, and but little enlarged
above, resembling in a general way
Clavaria pistillaris. Our figure made
from a dried specimen soaked out of
course does not give a correct presenta-
tion of the plant such as a photograph
of a fresh specimen would.

Pleuropodial Cantharelli are very
rare. This is the first we have ever
gotten. Eight are listed in Saccardo.

Fig. 949.

Three in Europe, all un-
known to me except from illustrations, and no possibility of being
this plant. Berkeley named a Cantharellus flabellatus from Japan,
but as he described it as having narrow gills, and thin, it is prob-

661

ably not this species, which is thick, fleshy, and has obtuse gills.
I never looked up the type. The two American species by Schweinitz,
one, C. viridis is unknown from any specimen, and from description is
probably not a Cantharellus; the other, C. olivaceus, is a Paxillus.
The last species in Saccardo Cantharellus ramealis, from Java, is a
Guepinia. In addition, there is a species of pleuropodial Cantharellus,
which has been named as Craterellus as follows:

CANTHARELLUS PARTITUS. This is a thin, small plant about a cm.
growing on wood. It is only known from an old type, at Kew from " New Ireland."
It is black now, probably discolored in drying. I believe it to be misnamed "par-
titus " for it is not parted. It has never been recognized since named and probably
never will be.

"TREMELLA" MYCETOPHILA, FROM S. H. BURNHAM,

NEW YORK (Fig. 950). — This is really a fungus without a name.

It is not rare, always found on Collybia

dryophila. Peck called it Tremella my-

cetophila, but it is only a Tremella in gen-

eral resemblance. The texture is not tre-

mellose and it has the ordinary clavate

basidia in both characters entirely foreign

¥ v^« to a Tremella. Burt in 1901 proposed to

<JB put it in the genus Exobasidium, although

9L about as different from the other species

J ^^k , of Exobasidium as it is from a Tremella.

J ^•M In his latest writings Burt excludes it from

S ^^L Exobasidium as he now considers it "a

^^P teratological production of Collybia dry-

^HL ophila induced by protracted wet weather

^La during development of the frutification."

Hence he leaves it without a name at all.

We do not claim to know anything about

j^f j what it really is. We only know it is not

Fig. 95o. rare in this country and that it does not

occur in Europe, and that Collybia dry-

ophila as well as "wet weather" are both common in Europe. It
looks like the same conditions would produce the same efiect on the
same plant in both countries.

Daisy M. Hone had an extended article on this plant in 1909.
She found it forming large masses on the pileus and stems of the
Collybia. She considers it "a true parasite." If Burt's theory is
correct, it is an exceptional case. We have sometimes noted evident
teratological development of Agarics forming abortive pilei on top of
the normal pileus like the celebrated Poria agaricicola that a German
savant discovered on Amanita (cfr. Myc. Notes, page 459). But we
think there is no other case where an Agaric habitually develops an
entirely different and constant fruiting form, in addition to the
normal gills.

T7ToOL™£°RUS LUCI°US (ABNORMAL), FROM JAMES R.
WEIR, MONTANA (Fig. 951).— We present a figure of this ab-

662

Fig. 951.

Polyporus lucidus (abnormal)

normal specimen of Polyporus lucidus from a photograph sent by
Mr. Weir. It shows what a strange shape a plant will take under
some abnormal conditions. Of course our figure shows only the
shape, for the specimen was many times larger, measuring more than
a foot and a half long.

Fig. 952.

Strobilomyces pallescens.
(Top of pileus.)

STROBILOMYCES PALLESCENS, FROM REV. J. WILSON,
AUSTRALIA (Fig. 952).— This is evidently the most frequent Stro-
bilomyces in Australia, and the only species known from other than
the "type locality." It is a very characteristic plant and will readily
be known from our photograph of the top of the pileus showing the
peculiar scales. The plant has elongated spores, hence not a Strobil-
omyces in the original sense, but the subject was fully covered in
our note No. 82. In the United States we have but one common
species, Strobilomyces strobilaceus, and in Australia the common
species is Strobilomyces pallescens. It is curious, however, that in
the United States, there is but one collection known of the common
Australian plant fcfr. Note 322 when carelessly published as Strobil-
omyces pallidus).

663

Fig. 953.

COLUS HIRNUDINOSUS (?), FROM J. B. CLELAND,
AUSTRALIA (Fig. 953).— This may be Colus hirnudinosus, but
there is some doubt. Cooke gives it in the Hand-
book, and a good figure (for he copied from Mon-
tagne). There is no specimen on which to base it
at Kew. From this dried specimen it does not
seem as clathroid as Colus hirnudinosus, but I
believe it is the same thing. I should like very
much to have a photograph of this Australian
plant made from fresh specimens. If it prove that
Colus hirnudinosus does occur in Australia, it is of
great interest, for at present it is only known from
the Mediterranean region.

POLYSTICTUS BRUNEO-LEUCUS, FROM
J. B. CLELAND, AUSTRALIA (Fig. 954).— This
is the first specimen I have ever gotten, and the
only other collection known to me is the type at
Kew. We present a photograph of the type (Fig.
954). It was from Tasmania. The character is
the thin, rigid, glabrous brown pileus and usually the contrast of
the white (or greyish) pores.
This contrast, however, is not
shown in this specimen, which
appears to be old and discolored.
Polyporus bruneo-leucus has
notably larger pores, but other-
wise exactly the same as Poly-
stictus planus (cfr. Note 358), a
rare plant of the United States
and Europe. I have a feeling
that they are the same thing,
merely geographical pore varia-
tions, but until the small pored
plant comes from Australasia we
would maintain both names.
Polyporus bruneo-leucus was
published by Berkeley in 1845.
Fries lists it in Nov. Symb.
1851, as bruneo-albus, either a
slip of the pen or an unwar-
ranted change. Saccardo com-
piles it under Fries' name,
though what reason Fries had
to change it, if done intention-
ally, I do not know. Fig. 954

Z?NARIUM, FROM J. B. CLELAND, AUS-
(Hg 955) —Pileus sessile to a reduced base, thin, rigid,
smooth, reddish brown (Brussels Brown Ridgway), with
664

Fig. 955.

narrow, strong, darker zones. Context tissue brown. Hymenial
layer white, distinct from the context layer, and often but partially
developed over the surface. Basidia clavate, forming a palisade
layer. Cystidia none. Spores 3x5, hyaline, smooth.

Stereum with smooth pilei are very rare. In fact, we know but
one other well authenticated, viz., Stereum versicolor, in its true
sense. (Cfr. Note 53, Letter 44, and Note 159, Letter 53.)

STEREUM INSOLITUM, FROM FRANK T. McFARLAND
KENTUCKY (Fig. 956).— Pileus ungulate, spathulate, with a short
stipe rooting in the ground. Sur-
face pale, gray, striate. Hymen-
ium dark, cinereous. Cystidia
none. Spores globose, 4-5 mic.,
smooth, hyaline.

We have two species, Ste-
reum Sower by i and Stereum Bur-
tianum, both rare, and both close
to this, though usually meso-
podial and also differ in the color
of the hymenium. The adustus Fig 956'

hymenium suggests a Thelephora at first, in fact the plant in general
appearance is much like Thelephora multi-
partita. It must be very rare, for never before
sent to me. I would enter it in section 9 of my
Stipitate Stereums.

FAVOLUS SQUAMIGER, FROM REV.
J. WILSON, AUSTRALIA (Figs. 957 and 958).
— We doubt very much if
this is the same as Ber-
keley named, but it is bet-
ter to give an old indefinite
name a meaning than to
propose a new name.
Favolus squamiger is
known only from the old
type at Kew, a mesopodial

Fig. 957.

Fig. 958.

specimen, and is probably only arcularius. However, the name is
very applicable to this plant, and as it is very close to arcularius, it

665

seems well to so apply it. This specimen is pleuropodial, with exactly
same pores as arcularius, and with little fasciculate squamules on the
pileus. It is evidently a rare thing. The spores about 3x6, a
little smaller than arcularius. It is a true Favolus for me, and so is
arcularius in reality, although classed as Polyporus.

LENTINUS TUBER-REGIUM, FROM J. B. CLELAND,
AUSTRALIA (Fig. 959).— We do not adopt Berkeley's name Len-
tinus Cyathus for the Australian plant, for, as will be developed
later, we doubt if there is more than one species of Lentinus which
develops from a sclerotium, and in that case it will take the older
and better known name Lentinus Tuber-regium. Our photograph
(Fig. 959) tells the whole story, and there is no need to describe it.
In the original description Berkeley makes no mention of the sclero-
tium, merely referring to the "rooting base," though, if our memory
serves us right, the sclerotium is preserved on the same sheet at
Kew. There have been six species of Lentinus described that have
sclerotia, viz., Lentinus Tuber-regium. Amboy Rumphius (1750);
Lentinus Cyathus, Berkeley, Australia (1879) ; Lentinus scleroticola
Samoa, Murray, 1886; Lentinus flavidus Africa, Massee, 1901; Len-
tinus Woermanni Cohn Africa, 1891; and Lentinus radicosus, New
Caledonia, Patouillard, 1902. In our opinion, they are all the same.
Ramsbottom (1913) holds that there are three valid species, viz.,
Tuber-regium, Cyathus and scleroticola, stating that they "are quite
distinct from one another," but what the difference is he does not
state and we do not know. We have specimens in our museum from
Africa, Australia, and Samoa of this plant, and on comparison there
is no material difference. There may be some difference in the scle-
rotia. We cannot say, as we have only a sclerotium from Samoa, but
we doubt it.

Many years ago (1750) before plants had specific names, Rum-
phius published a crude figure from the East Indies showing six
agarics growing on what seems a piece of earth, but which Rumphius
says is ^a tuber. The plants he calls "Boleti," the tuber "Tuber-
regium," as he probably thought they were different, though he states
that the "tuber" produces the "boleti." Fries named Rumphius'
figure Lentinus Tuber-regium, although Fries never saw a specimen.
The plant seems fairly common in Africa, Australia, and Pacific
Islands, but no specimen reached Europe for more than a century.
Berkeley got it from Australia (1879), together with a tuber, if we
mistake not, but if we are correct in our memory, he overlooked the
little matter of it having a sclerotium. Hennings got it from Africa,
and good specimens are at Berlin. Hennings failed to discover it was
a "new species," which is strange but true. I also remember seeing
fine collections at Leiden. I have no notes, but I believe they were
from Java. The other specimens (mostly) that I have seen, viz., at
museum at Paris named by Patouillard, British Museum named by
Murray, Kew named by Massee, Germany named by Cohn, I think
are all the same, although each author "discovered" something
"new" about them, if nothing else a "new" name.

666

Fig. 959.

Lentinus Tuber-regium.

The original crude figure shows six specimens from the tuber,
and on the fine figure recently published by Ramsbottom, there are
eight. We found the plant several times in Samoa, mostly with a
single fruit from each sclerotium, in one instance two. We had an
idea that this was the difference between the Samoan plant, and
Tuber regium, but all the specimens we have noted in the museums
have one, or at the most, two fruits, and we believe the several
fruits from one sclerotium is an unusual development. Our photo-
graph, made from a specimen at Kew from Africa, shows one fruit
and young ones just starting.

SARCOXYLON LE RAT I, FROM J. B. CLELAND, AUS-
TRALIA. (Fig. 952.) This grew from an underground tuber and
was named Squamotubera Le Rati by Hennings (in 1903) from New
Caledonia. It is very similar in several re-
spects to the more frequent Sarcoxylon com-
punctum originally from Java, but which also
occurs in Australia and was well figured in
Cooke's Handbook (fig. 196). I found the
latter abundantly in Samoa, growing on fal-
len tree trunks, particularly where they had
lodged off the ground and were not much
decayed. Sarcoxylon Le Rati is a rare plant,
heretofore only known from New Caledonia.
Patouillard got it also from New Caledonia
and considersd it a " transformation " of Sar-
coxylon compunctum. Surely that is wrong.
Plants that normally are globose and grow
usually pendant from tree trunks, do not
"transform" into cylindrical club shape
plants growing erect from sclerotia buried in
the ground. I hope Dr. Cleland will send me
some of the sclerotia and also more mature
specimens for the specimens sent are the
conidial state and very immature.

In Cooke's Handbook, page 287 is a short
account of " Xylaria gigas?" growing on
"stumps &c." New South Wales. It has
been omitted in Saccardo. Possibly it is Sar-
coxylon Le Rati but until more is known
about it and its habits nothing can be decided.
Cooke made his usual bull as to the genus
Sarcoxylon which he proposed, and described
the perithecia as membranaceous. They are
carbonous and the genus is close to Xylaria.
Indeed since Junghuhn (1838) figured the curious "Sphaeria com-
puncta" from Java there has been constant discord as to its generic
classification. Montagne and Fries put it in Hypoxylon, Berkeley in
Xylaria, and Saccardo in Penzigia. I think it is further from Pen-
zigia in the type idea than from either of the others.

668

Fig. 960.

T.8.BRANDEGEE

MYCOLOQICAL NOTES.

BY C. G. L-LOYD.

No. 48.

CINCINNATI, O.

JUNE, 1917.

. DR. J. BARTON CL1

MYCOLOGICAL NOTES

Issued by C. G. LLOYD.

224 West Court Street. - - CINCINNATI, OHIO.

SUBSCRIPTION PRICE.— A little personal interest on the part
of the recipient in picking up and sending to my address, specimens of
the larger fungi. All are desired excepting specimens of fleshy Agarics.
Simply dry the specimens and send them in.

DR. J. BARTON CLELAND.

We present this month the photograph of Dr. J. Barton Cleland,
probably the most active worker in the Australian mycological flora.
In a private letter he writes that it is very difficult to reach definite
conclusions regarding the Australian fungi, particularly the fleshy
agarics. Literature concerning Australian species, and particularly
Cooke's Handbook of Australian Fungi, is so inaccurate and imper-
fect, as to make research in that direction exceedingly discouraging.
Species of polypores, puff balls, tremellaceous plants and other fungi
that retain their characters, when dry, can be identified by sending
them to some one who has made comprehensive and comparative
studies in this direction, but it is not possible to classify agarics from
dried specimens. The only practical thing for Dr. Cleland to do with
the Australian fungi, in our opinion, is to determine as many as
possible from Fries' Hymenomycetes and the illustrated books of
Europe, describe as new species those he has been unable to deter-
mine, and then issue a practical handbook of the Australian species,
on the plan of Peck's monographs. This method will at least give
the Australian workers names for their agarics, which is the first step,
and one of great advantage. General workers, such as myself, may
help with advice, but the real work on a local flora must be done by
local observers. Dr. Cleland is a very liberal contributor to the
Lloyd Museum, and we feel that the publication of many notes,
based on the specimens received from him, has added much to our
knowledge of Australian fungi. Such publications, however, do not
have the practical value of a systematic work based on field observa-
tion, such as we hope Dr. Cleland will publish. We are very glad to
help in the development of local fungus floras, but the real work must
be done on the ground. We are particularly glad to see Dr. Cleland
taking such an active interest in the study of the Australian myco-
logical flora. He is exceedingly active in his work, and has written
numbers of articles. He has worked over the phalloids of Australia,
and so far as Australia is concerned, has brought the subject of phal-
loids into very good condition.

670

THE GENUS GYTTARIA.

The receipt of specimens, both dried and in preservative, of two
South American species from Marcial R. Espinosa, Chief of the
Cryptogamic Section of the National Museum, Santiago, Chile, has
induced us to revise the species of this curious genus. It is known
only from Australasia and southern South America. We gave a
notice of the Australasian species in Mycological Notes, page 578,
and there made the erroneous statement that the South American
species were all solid. We gathered that from the illustration, but
the specimens on hand show that we were mistaken.

The genus Cyttaria was published by Berkeley (Trans. Linn.
Soc., Vol. 19, 1841), and based on specimens brought by Darwin
from Terra del Fuego. They grow there in great quantity in the
"beech woods" on trees that are much diseased. The Cyttaria is a
parasite, and causes large excrescences and deformation of the wood
which bear the fungus. In the Cryptogamic Museum at Harvard
there are fine specimens of these excrescences, on exhibition, that
were collected by Dr. Thaxter. The fungi are gathered and eaten by
the natives, but their substance is tough, and from accounts are not
very palatable, but the primitive races of this region eat most any-
thing. In his original account Berkeley described and figured the
two following species.

CYTTARIA BERTEROI (compiled in Saccardo as Cyttaria
Berterii) was described by Berkeley in his original account of the
genus. He did not find the spores. His figure looks much like his
figure of Cyttaria Darwinii, th only distinction he was able to point
out is that the cups' mouths have lacerate remains of the pore cover-
ings. We would not hold that of much importance, but Spegazzini
distinguishes it from Cyttaria Darwinii by the same characters and
smaller spores 5-6 x 15, and reports it as rare. Monsieur Hariot did
not find it. The color is bright orange.

CYTTARIA DARWINII, FROM M. R. ESPINOSA, SAN-
TIAGO (Fig. 992). — This is the original species from the extreme

south of Chile. Mr. Espinosa does

jfj£+> ^ n°t give the locality, but I presume

V% 4c£ ^HHfe*"' they Srow in the neighborhood of

*"x'^r' B&£- ' Santiago. How far north the species

^Bfiuip'' extends I do not know.

As shown in our photograph it

w^ is a hard, globose body when dry,

with distant pores. The color is
bright orange when fresh. Asci

line the pores (excepting the bottom of the pores) in a palisade layer
but in specimens I received the spores are immature. They are given
by Fischer as 10-15 x 20 mic. hyaline, smooth. By Spegazzini as
8 x 14-16. The characters of Cyttaria Darwinii are its thick, tough
flesh and the few distant pores. We present photographs of the two
specimens received from Mr. Espinosa. One is a young specimen with

671

Fig. 993.

Cyttaria Darwinii (in situ)

the pore mouths covered. The pores open, but the exact manner is
not stated in any of the accounts. \Ve present also a photograph that
we made in the Museum at Paris, of a cluster of young fruit, as they
grow on the branch. These were brought from Cape Horn by Mon-
sieur Hariot.

CYTTARIA GUXNII (Fig. 994).— This is the Australasian
species, named by Berkeley in 1848. It is the only species known
except from South America, and it is only known from New Zealand
and Tasmania. It is quite similar to the above two species, hard and
heavy when dry, but the pores are closer and still separated by thick
walls. The color of the dried plant is white, but when soaked is pale

Fig. 994.

Cyttaria Gunnii.

yellow, which is the color when fresh. When fresh it is evidently
much paler color than the preceding species. The spores are globose,
10-12 mic. hyaline, smooth. We gave an account of the species in
Mycological Notes, page 578. We have specimens from W. A. Scarfe,
H. W. Laing, R. S. Robinson and one unknown contributor, all from
New Zealand.

672

CYTTARIA HARIOTIL— This is a white species, very similar
in appearance to the New Zealand species. It was collected by
Monsieur Hariot at Cape Horn, and described and figured by Fischer
from specimens he saw in the Museum at Paris. It is evidently rare.
The difference between it and Cyttaria Gunnii appears to me only a
spore difference. The spores are cuboid, 10 mic. in diameter. The
figure was reproduced in Engler & Prantl. We failed to note the
specimens when we were in Paris.

CYTTARIA ESPINOSAE (Fig. 995).— In the specimens from
Marcial R. Espinosa, we find a species quite different from those
heretofore known. The others are hard and heavy when dry, with
thick flesh and distant pores and thick dissepiments. This is light
and thin, with contiguous pores and very thin dissepiments. We do
not know the color of the fresh specimens, but it soaks out light pink,
and was probably orange when fresh. The coloring matter is contained
only in the epidermal cells. In size and shape it is similar to the
others, globose, with a short, tapering base. The pores are contigu-
ous, with very thin walls in which feature it differs from all other
species. A palisade layer of asci and paraphyses line the sides of the

Fig. 995.

pores, but not the bottom of the tubes. The interior of these speci-
mens is filled with a light, pithy substance, and it is the only species
that we have examined where the pith is found in old specimens. All
others we have seen are hollow, though, no doubt, pithy when young.
The spores are hyaline, elliptical, smooth, and in this collection
probably immature. Those I found were about 5x8 mic. I presume
the specimens were collected by Mr. Espinosa in the vicinity of
Santiago, Chile.

Fig. 996.

Cyttaria Hooke

673

The preceding species are all similar in many features, but the
following is so different in shape and arrangement of the pores that
a "new genus" has on two occasions been suggested, but not proposed.

CYTTARIA HOOKERII (Fig. 996).— This little species was
named and figured by Berkeley from Cape Horn in 1847. We repro-
duce the figure, also a section (Fig. 997).
We think the figure is so characteristic,
there can be no trouble in recognizing the
plant, although his description calls for
"cups" and the figure does not show
"cups," but cavities. The plant is evident-
ly very abundant at Cape Horn and so
reported by both Hariot and Spegazzini.
The latter states that the "loculi" are first
closed then lacerate, dehiscent. He de-
scribes the spores as elliptical, 10 x 15 mic. and the color of the fresh
plant as yellowish cinnamon.

Synonyms. — Cyttaria Purdiei, figured by Buchanan from Xew Zealand, is surely Cyttaria
Gunnii.

Cyttaria Reichei from Chile, as figured and described by Hennings, was based evidently on
a large specimen of Cyttaria Darwinii.

Cyttaria disciformis, named by Leveille from Chile, is said to be not a Cyttaria, though if any-
one knows what it is he has not stated.

RESUME. — We present below photographs of the three species we have in
our museum, which show at a glance the difference on which they are based.

Fig. 998 is Cyttaria Espinosae, Fig. 999 is Cyttaria Gunnii, and Fig. 1000 is
Cyttaria Darwinii. The following appear to be the principal facts as to the genus,
as far as known. It occurs only in Xew Zealand, Tasmania and southern South
America. It grows only on the native beech or Xothofagus as now classed. Two

Fig. 997.

Fig. 998.

Fig. 999.

Fig. 1000.

species, viz., Darwinii and Hookerii, are common at Cape Horn. Berteroi is rare
there, and Espinosae is known only from further north (Santiago). Cyttaria Gunnii
only occurs in Xew Zealand and Tasmania.

We hope this article may interest others and lead to additional specimens
and information. Simply dry the specimens. It is an unnecessary expense and
trouble to send in formalin and in most cases useless, as they usually disintegrate
into an amorphous mass before reaching me. Dried specimens can be soaked, and
will resume their original size, shape and characters.

,,

m

o£ld like to know how the CUPS OP6"- The>' are closed at first- but

cup as one piece> or is ;t a membrane that p**'5 away from

as com
you

-LOST LOCALITY —Berkeley states that a specimen of a Cyttaria is in Delessert's herbarium,
Sin nrpT.?eUnl°n ^b?Ur M° yiars a-go- Berke'ev thinks it is an error of location. Attention,
who are lucky enough to live in Reunion.— Does this genus grow with vou?

674

NOTES ON XYLARIAS

We continue our consideration of foreign Xylarias, and trust that
those residing in tropical countries, particularly, will collect and send
us such as they find.

Xylarias are abundant everywhere, especially in the tropics, but
the species are less known than those of most any other section of my-
cology. They grow usually on wood, sometimes in the ground, and
may be known at sight, being black, carbonous plants that can not
be mistaken. If you will look around you will find many Xylarias.

XYLARIA SCOPIFORMIS, FROM J. A. STEVENSON,
PORTO RICO (Fig. 1001). — Clubs slender, with an acute point 4-5 cm.
long, 2 mm. broad, fragile, almost entirely carbonous,
with scanty, white stroma (or none). Usually
simple, rarely branched. Stipe filiform, \-\Yi cm-
with a small pad of dark pubescence at base.
Perithecia partially imbedded, forming a nodu-
lar, moniform club. Spores 5 x 10 rarely 6 x 12.

This seems frequent in American tropics. We
have it abundantly from Cuba. We take for it the
only sure name we know and our figure is from the
type. It was distributed by Kunze and cited by
Montagne, though we believe not formally de-
scribed under this name.

Fig. 1001.

SPECIMENS. — Stevenson, Porto Rico (3483); Torrend, Brazil (384); Lloyd, Cuba (54) I
Rick, Brazil (408); Mousset, Java (39).

SYNONYMS. — Xylaria caespitulosa, Cesati from his type at Kew although Cooke's figure
(127) has not the most remote suggestion of it. It is probable that the old Xylaria tuberosa, named
by Persoon from the Gaudichaud voyage, is the earliest name, but the type is young and doubtful,
t also has a forked club and Xylaria scopiformis is usually simple. It is also probably Xylaria gra-
illima of Fries' description, but not as understood by Berkeley and Montagne. It was included in
'hiessen's work as a variety, tuberosa, of Xylaria Hypoxylon, the varietal name taken from Persoon
nd for me no form of Xylaria Hypoxylon. Xylaria inaequalis, Berkeley, the cotype at Paris which
eems correct, is this plant, although, unless I have made some error in my photographing, there is
ome confusion as to the specimens so labeled at Kew.

XYLARIA PARTITA, FROM J. A. STEVENSON, PORTO
RICO (Fig. 1002). — Stem simple or branching, or as in specimen
photographed with
the club, proliferous.
Clubs 1/2 to 1 1/2 cm.
long, i mm. thick,
black, fragile, nodu-
lar, with a filiform,
smooth stipe. Spores
5-6 x 10-12.

We have con-
cluded that we will
name and label the
specimens of Xylaria Fig. 1002.

for which we are un-
able to find names, and not fill our museum with unnamed specimens
as we have in the Polypores. We have a feeling, however, that
Xylaria partita is only a branching, proliferous form of Xylaria

675

scopiformis, with which it agrees in the slender, fragile, nodular
clubs and spores. It appears to be same as Theissen figures as Xylaria
carpophila var. luxurians, attributed to Rehm, but it does not agree
either with Rehm's figure or spores.

XYLARIA APICULATA, FROM JOHN A. STEVENSON,
PORTO RICO.— Clubs black, Y2-i cm. long, apiculate, rarely obtuse.
Surface with fine, raised lines. Stipe black, filiform, about I mm.
thick, smooth, varying much as to length, ^ to 4 cm. Spores mostly
6 x 12-14 rarely up to 24 mic. long, when young with a large gutta;
when old with an indistinct septum.

This is a common plant in the American tropics. Our illustration
(Fig. 1003) is the usual size, but it varies much as to length, both as
to stipe and clubs. Usu-
ally it is simple, rarely
there are two clubs on
the same stem, and
more rarely a stem bears
four or five little fas-
ciculate clubs. The real
character of the species
is the raised lines on the

clubs, as shown in our enlargement (Fig. 1006). We take a name
for the plant proposed by Cooke and the type photograph seems to
be same as our figure 1003. It is the most suitable name, though
originally the type is from New Zealand and described as having

Fig. 1004.

Fig. 1005.

Fig. 1006

larger spores than the American plants usually have. We think it is
same species however. It is probable that Xylaria trachelina, named
by Leveille from West Indies, is the same plant, from description,
but we have found no type.

sameW hint "^ qUeSti°n but that the following were based on the
Xylaria hypoxylon var. mucronata, as Berkeley labeled a speci-
t has no relation to Xylaria hypoxylon and the name
676

mucronata can not be used, as it certainly is not Schweinitz's plant
so illustrated (in Letter 64, Fig. 985), although nothing is known of
Schweinitz's plant excepting his figure. Cooke gives a good figure
under the name Xylaria mucronata, but he gets his idea from Berke-
ley's plant and his name from Schweinitz. Berkeley never connected
the two.

Xylaria Zealandica is very similar as to clubs, and Cooke empha-
sizes the lines on the clubs, but describes the spores as 10 x 32-35,
which is very much larger than in the American plant. Probably it
is the same species. It is the only similar species where these lines
have been noted in the description. Theissen evidently considers it
a simple form of Xylaria arbuscula, as named by Saccardo from
some adventitious plants in a hothouse in Italy. In the original
sense this is a much larger plant with multiplex, fasciculate clubs,
and I think it is not proven that it takes simple forms like this. The
spores in the American plant are mostly 12-14 mic- l°ng- A few we
note 16-18 mic. and we saw one spore over 24 mic. It is evident that
the exact size of Xylaria spores is not important. Species based on
spore size alone are not of much value when one can find spores less
than 12 mic. and more than 24 mic. on the same slide.

XYLARIA THEISSENII (Fig. 1007).— Stem
long, 7-10 cm. slender, smooth, \-\Yi mm- thick,
rooting at base (from the ground). Club short
i-i]/2 cm-> tipped with a slender, filiform apex.
Perithecia partially imbedded, or almost free, form-
ing a tubercular club. Spores 9-10 x 24-28.

This is a rare plant only known from Brazil.
We have seen only Theissen's exsiccata (No. 235),
kindly loaned us by Dr. Brenckle. Theissen labels
it, and includes it in his work as the second form
of Xylaria Thyrsus, but it has no analogy what-
ever to Xylaria Thyrsus, known only from Java
and India, and which has no carbonous crust, but
an entirely white, fleshy stroma, and is in fact not
a Xylaria. Nothing like "Xylaria" Thyrsus is
known from Brazil. In general appearance Xylaria
Theissenii approaches Xylaria filiformis, but is a
larger plant with much larger spores. We did not
break the specimens, and we do not know, but
we think probably that, like Xylaria filiformis,
it has no white stroma at all.

If we were revising the genera of the large
Pyrenomycetes, we should propose a "new genus"
for "Xylaria" Thyrsus for it is entirely out of
place in the genus Xylaria. If this were done,
those who depend for determinations on the
"literature" would not make the mistake of re-
ferring to the species a true Xylaria.

Fig. 1007.

677

Fig. 1008.

XYLARIA GRACILIS, FROM MARCIAL R. ESPIXOSA.
CHILE (Fig. 1008). — Stem slender, smooth, rarely simple, usually
branched, bearing three or four clubs.
Clubs i-il/2 cm. long, acute, 2-3 mm. thick,
fragile. Stroma white, well developed.
Perithecia partially imbedded, forming a
tubercular club. Spores 6-7 x 20.

We saw but one other Xylaria in the
museums that branches near the base,
bearing several clubs, viz., Xylaria Gard-
neri, which has no relation to this. Cooke
figures two other such species, viz., Xylaria
caespitulosa and Xylaria rhizomorpha, but
both were purely fanciful, the types having
simple unbranched stems. Theissen (t. 10,
fig. 4) figures what appears to be this plant
under the name Xylaria fasciculata, but there is nothing in the
original of this description to indicate that it is branched. Xylaria
gracilis was named in manuscript by Klotzsch (cfr. Sacc., Vol. I, p.
317), and the type, all heretofore seen by me, is at Kew. It is an
old collection by Humboldt from South America.

XYLARIA CONCURSA, FROM MARCIAL R. ESPINOSA,
CHILE (Fig. 1009). — Stem branching and bearing one or two fertile
clubs and one or two conidial clubs.
Clubs 13/2-2 cm. by 3 mm. cylindrical,
even, acute, or rounded at the apex.
Perithecia imbedded, not protruding.
Stroma white, scanty. Spores 6-7 x 14.

I know but one other species that
branches at the base in this manner,
viz., Xylaria gracilis (cfr. above), which
has rugulose, not even, clubs. There is
no other species I believe that bears
conidial and ascigerous clubs or separate
clubs, but concurrent. Still it is possible
that Xylaria gracilis and Xylaria con-
cursa are different stages of the same
species. Fig. 1009.

XYLARIA TUBERIFORMIS. FROM J. B. CLELAND,

Spores 8 x 1 6 described

AUSTRALIA, as named from New Zealand,
as 25 mic. We present
Fig. 10 10 the type, also
Fig. 1011, specimens from
Dr. Cleland which show
that it is not always "tu-
beriform." Xylaria clavu-
lus as illustrated by Cooke
seems the same plant, but Fig. 10i0.

the type has no resemblance to it. Xylaria globosa, named by Fries
as Hypoxylon, and described by Rehm as Xylaria, is the same to the

678

Fig. 1011.

eye, but has narrow spores 6-7 x 18-24. Xylaria haemorrhoidalis
from Ceylon, also similar to the eye, has very large spores, 10 x 25-40.
We have a suspicion that Xylaria tuberiformis will finally be found
to be depauperate Xylaria castorea.

THE GLAUCESCENSE OF HEXAGONA PORES.

From some freshly collected specimens of Hexagona speciosa,
recently received from P. van der Bijl, South Africa, I solved what
was to me a mystery when I wrote the Hexagona pamphlet (cfr page
4) ; why some pores of Hexagona are glaucescent and others are not.
The glaucescence is the hymenium. It is probable I would have
found that out before if I had taken the trouble to section the pores.
The hymenium of brown Hexagonas of the tropics seems to be developed
irregularly or perhaps disappears from old specimens. I have eight
specimens of Hexagona Pobequini, mostly old, and only a few pores
of one specimen are glaucescent.

A section shows the white hymenium forming a uniform layer
over the brown hyphae tissue. It consists of a palisade layer of
obtuse club-shape basidia, in the specimen examined apparently
young basidia, for I found no sterigmata nor spores, and each had a
large, globose nucleus, suggestive of young basidia.

RARE OR INTERESTING PLANTS RECEIVED
FROM CORRESPONDENTS

PSEUDOCOLUS ROTHAE, FROM J. B. CLELAND. AUS-
TRALIA.— We present a photograph (Fig. 1012) of the dried speci-
men which gives some idea of the
plant, but a photograph of the fresh
plant is much desired. \Ve present
also a photograph (Fig. 1013) of the
same species dried, from A. Yasuda,
Japan.

In this connection we call the
attention of our Australasian friends
to the fact that the following phal-
loids, well authenticated in these
countries, have never been satisfac-
torily illustrated and that photo-
graphs of the fresh plants are spe-
cially desired, Pseudocolus Rothae,
Pseudocolus Archeri and Clathrus
pusillus.

Dr. Cleland considers Pseudocolus Archeri to be the same plant
as Anthurus aseroeformis, as illustrated in our Phalloid Synopsis,
Fig. 46. There is a discrepancy somewhere, for the plant we received
from W. G. Gardner (Note 86) is surely not the plant of our Fig. 46.

POLYPORUS PALUSTER, FROM S. H. BURNHAM,
NEW YORK (Fig. 1014).— In our Apus Polyporus we referred to
this plant incidentally on page 383, but did not include it in the body

679

Fig. 1012.

Fig. 1013.

of the book, as it was doubtful to us. Mr. Burnham's collection first
locates it definitely. Polyporus paluster is a pure white plant and dries
white. The surface is rather smooth, the flesh hard and the spores about

Fig. 1014.

3 x 10, are cylindrical, mostly pointed at both ends. It grows on
pine and is quite close to Polyporus albidus (on Abies) in Europe, but
differs as noted above, and chiefly in its larger spores. We are very
glad indeed to locate definitely another species in this puzzling white
Apus section.

STEREUM SENDAIENSE, FROM PROF. A. YASUDA,
JAPAN (Fig. 1015). — As named by Yasuda, I believe it is a good
species. I find nothing in
my photographs or notes
like it. To the eye it is the
same as Stereum membra-
naceum, a common plant of
the tropics, same color and
habits. But the "struc-
ture" is different. It has Fi^- 1015-
no metuloids. A section shows a very loose, hyaline basal layer on
which reposes a more compact and thicker, hyaline layer (the hyphae
bearing abundant conidia) and a thin, colored, hymenium layer. I
do not make out basidia nor spores. Surely the basidia are not in a
palisade layer like the usual Stereum. If some day it should turn
out to be an "Eichleriella" like Stereum Leveillianum I should not
be at all surprised. That is one advantage of modern classification,
no one but a basidial expert can tell the genera now with any security.
If one does not find basidia in his specimen, and on certain classes of
plants they are very difficult to find, he can no longer refer them to
a genus even. The old fellows w^ere not bothered with that, and the
new ones are having their troubles. Witness the case of Bresadola
with ' Radulum Kmetii" or Burt with "Septobasidium spongiosum"

680

Fig. 1016.

or Patouillard with "Thelephora Schweinitzii." We do not under-
value microscopic features in classification, but we are firm believers
in the saying "N'abusez pas du microscope."

POLYSTICTUS PHAEUS, FROM PROF. A. YASUDA,
JAPAN (Fig. 1016). — Pileus rigid, thin, sessile, or subresupinate.
Surface dark, mummy brown, ve-
lutinate, zonate. Context brown.
Pores relatively large and shallow,
Yi mm. with thin edges. Setae
none. Spores (hyaline) not found.

This is quite close to Poly-
stictus phocinus of Ceylon. Same
general color context and surface,
but pores much larger. While I
think it is best classed as Polystic-
tus it could be called Hexagona
with as much reason as Hexagona
variegata is so called. In fact, the
plant is close to Hexagona variegata. (Cfr. Hexagona pamphlet,
page 12.) I believe its best classification is with Polystictus phocinus
and caperatus. Similar species with brown context are not many.
One was recently named from Japan, Polystictus umbrinellus, but
as it is described as glabrous, I judge it is not the same as this. Of
course, I do not know that this is phaeus; which is not known in the
flesh, but it answers the description, and we might as well use the
name. It has the same color, surface and pores as Leveille described,
and the relatively large pores are unusual.

PTYCHOGASTER JAPONICUS, FROM PROF. A. YASUDA,
JAPAN (Fig. 1017). — White, soft, fleshy, growing on the bare
ground. Tissue of large,
irregular, rigid fibrils,
which project, forming
pubescent nodules. Coni-
dial spores not found.

Ptychogaster (cfr.
Myc. Notes, Polyporoid
Issue, page 30) is not an
autonomous genus, but a
modification of Polypo-
roids, and the species
should not be named ex-
cepting for convenience in
keeping them in the mu-
seum. This plant is very
similar to Ptychogaster albus (cfr. 1. c.), but is entirely different
in habits (on ground) and also form. The absence of conidial
spores (usually so abundant in Ptychogasters) throws doubt on
its "genus," but probably they are not formed in the specimens,
which appear to be young.

681

Fig. 1017.

Fig. 1018.

PSORA CRENATA. FROM MRS. JOSEPH CLEMENS.
TEXAS (Fig. 1018). — Determined by Prof. Bruce Fink. When I
first saw it I thought it was a very novel
fungus, but when I sectioned it I found
it was a lichen. I sent it to Prof. Fink,
who is our best authority on the lichens,
and he determined it as above. I
often receive lichens for fungi, and
can usually tell them at a glance, but
this one deceived me. It grew on the
bare ground, and its general resem-
blance to a fungus is very close. We
apologize to our readers for presenting
in "Mycological" Notes a figure of a
lichen, but the species may puzzle others,
as it puzzled me.

IRPEX SAEPIARIA, FROM DR. J. B. CLELAND. AUSTRA-
LIA (Fig. 1019). — Resupinate with reflexed pileus. Pileus coriaceous,
dark brown (Brussels)
smooth. Context con-
colorous. Teeth dense,
2-3 mm. long, concol-
orous, irregular. Hy-
menium white. Setae
densely covering the
teeth, projecting 20-30
mic. Spores globose, 5 mic., smooth.

In Mycological Notes, page 633, we noticed a very similar plant,
trpex iyoensis from Japan. To the eye they are much alike, but the
setae characters are different. There occurs in the Handbook a
record of Irpex tabacinus, an American species, in Australia. The
probabilities are the record was based on this same plant, but Irpex
tabacinus, while somewhat similar, is quite different. All these
plants belong to a section of Irpex corresponding to "Hymenochaete."
There is no "generic" name for this section now, although they are
included with others under the generic term "Hydnochaete." We
considered this "genus" in Myc. Notes, page 559, but there restricted
it to species with granular or tubercular hymenium.

PHYSALACRIA INFLATA, FROM REV. C. TORREND,
BRAZIL (Fig. 1020).— We gave in Myc. Notes (old Spec. Series,
page 4) a full account and history of this unique
and rare little species. We are much pleased to
have it come in to us from Brazil. I believe the
plant has been reported from the Philippines,
but I have only heretofore known it from the
United States.

There has been recently a species (Physalacria

Fig. 1019

Fig. 1020.

rugosa) named from Brazil, which I judge from the description is the
same as our United States' species.

682

Fig. 1021.

TREMELLA FUSCA, FROM REV. C. TORREND, BRAZIL
(Fig. 1021). — Cerebrine, reddish brown, 2-3 cm. in diameter. Basidia
globose, with brownish contents,
mostly cruciately divided, 12 mic.
in diameter. Spores narrow, obo-
vate, tapering to the base, hyaline,
4-5 mic. broad at upper end, 10-12
mic. long.

The trcmelloid plants that
grow in the tropics are particu-
larly desired. The temperate re-
gion species are very well known,
but little has been done on the
tropical species. Moeller wrote on the Brazilian species, and his
work was so well done that they may be recognized, which is some-
thing that can rarely be said about mycological work. I hoped to
find this species in Moeller, but I did not. The only brown species
he records are Tremella auricularia and Tremella frondosa (the
latter under the name juggle, Tremella undulata) and both differ in
form (foliaceous) and spores (more globose). In fact this is the
only Tremella I have met with narrow, obovate spores. Most Tre-
mellas have subglobose, or at the best, pear-shaped spores. Moeller
has named a number of tremellaceous plants from Brazil, and de-
scribed and figured them so that they may be recognized. We should
like very much to get them in our museum.

TRAMETES STOWARDII, FROM DR. F. STOWARD, \V.
AUSTRALIA (Fig. 1022).— A form of lilacino-gilva. This is the
same plant as described in
our Fomes pamphlet, page
226, as to context and other
features, but the surface is
so strongly rugose that it is
entitled to a name as a form.
We present Fig. 1022, the
upper surface of Trametes
Stowardii, and in contrast
Fig. 1023, Trametes lilacino-
gilvus, the usual species in
Australia with pink con-
text. The photographs do
not show the contrast that
the specimens do. Fig. 1022.

TRAMETES FEEI IN AUSTRALIA.— On going over our
specimens we note one which we received from E. Cheel (No. 8), with
an even pileus. This is Trametes Feei of the American tropics,
is rare in Australia, and we were under the impression it was replaced
by Trametes lilacino-gilva, but we shall have to revise our views
now. Mr. Cheel's specimens can not be told from the Brazilian
plant. The two species are very close. The Australian, in addition,
usually has larger pores, but that is only relative. Trametes Euca-
lypti, of our Fomes pamphlet, should be deleted. It is surely only
Trametes Feei.

POLYPORUS MEGALOPORUS, FROM J. B. CLELAND,
AUSTRALIA (Fig. 1024). — Pileus suborbicular, 2-3 cm., laterally
attached by a short stipe-like base. Color pale alutaceous. Surface
with patches of brown branched hairs. (Fig. 1025.) Context and

Fig. 1024.

Fig. 1025.

pore tissue pale alutaceous. Pores large, round or slightly elongated,
about Yi mm. in diameter. The pore mouths bear brown branched
setae, shown in Figs. 441 and 442 of our Stipitate Polyporoid pam-
phlet. Spores 6 x 12, cylindrical, elliptical, hyaline, transparent,
guttulate, smooth.

If I were revising my Stipitate Polyporoids I would remove to
one section those species which are characterized by the peculiar,
branched setae shown in the figures cited. Although these peculiar
setae are the most prominent features of several species (or forms),
they were never considered or apparently noted until my pamphlet
appeared.

On receipt of this specimen I was disposed to give it a name on
account of its pale color and small size, but on comparison with other
specimens of Polyporus megaloporus I find it is too close to be held
as distinct. The species is usually much larger and of a darker color.
In addition, I find I have a previous specimen from F. M. Bailey,
Brisbane, which is typical. I have the species now from Henri Perrier
de la Bathie, Madagascar, Rev. J. Rick and Gustavo Peckolt, Brazil,
F. M. Bailey and Dr. Cleland, Australia. I only noted one collection
in all the museums of Europe, which is the type at Paris.

684

T.8.BRANDEGEE

MYCOLOQICAL NOTES.

BY O. G. L-L-OYD.

No. 49.

CINCINNATI, O.

JULY, 1917.

CAROLUS SPEGAZZIXI

UNIVERSITY OF C:

MYCOLOGICAL NOTES

Issued by C. G. LLOYD.

224 West Court Street. - - CINCINNATI, OHIO.

SUBSCRIPTION PRICE.— A little personal interest on the part
of the recipient in picking up and sending to my address, specimens of
the larger fungi. All are desired excepting specimens of fleshy Agarics.
Simply dry the specimens and send them in.

CAROLUS SPEGAZZINI

En presentant ici a nos lecteurs le portrait de Carolus Spegazzini,
nous regrettons de n'avoir que quelques notes personnelles a y ajouter.
Spegazzini a depuis plusieurs annees public de nombreuse travaux
sur les champignons de 1'Amerique du Sud qu'il etudie specialement.
Avant de venir en Amerique il avait aussi fait paraitre plusieurs
etudes sur la mycologie d'ltalie, son pays d'origine. Depuis il s'est
surtout attache aux especes qu'il considerait comme nouvelles.
Suivant nous toutefois, cette facon d'etudier une region determinee
ne peut aboutir a des resultats permanent. C'est un fait desormais
bien reconnu que les fungi du monde entier appartiennent a des
especes dont la distribution geographique a une immense etendue;
il est devenu tres difficile d'etablir si Ton a affaire a une espece vrai-
ment nouvelle a moins de connaitre parfaitement les especes analogues
des autres regions. Une simple description permet rarement de bien
identifier une espece et tout mycologiste qui croit avoir decouvert
une "nouvelle espece" devrait se faire une regie absolue d'obtenir une
bonne representation par croquis ou cliche de 1'espece en question et
de 1'ajouter a ses notes; de la sorte d'autres mycologistes pourront
juger en connaissance de cause de la valeur de la decouverte. Plu-
sieurs des "especes nouvelles" identifiees par Spegazzini sont vraiment
telles, nous n'en avons nul doute; mais il se peut aussi que plusieurs
ne le soient pas et nous n'avons nul moyen de controler ses conclusions.

Si Spegazzini avait la bonne pensee d'envoyer une serie de ses
nouveaux specimens soit a Kew, soit a toute autre institution du
genre en Europe ou en Amerique, nous sommes convaincus que tout
mycologiste s'empresserait d 'adopter les noms par lui donnes aux
especes d'un merite reconnu. Quelques echantillons des nouveaux
champignons de Spegazzini sont parvenus en Europe et on peut les
voir dans une des ^ collections d'exsiccatae de Balansa. • C'est a peu
pres tout ce que 1'on connait d'une fagon certaines des decouvertes
de Spegazzini. Spegazzini, semble t'il, considere ses travaux comme

686

de peu d'interet pour tout autre mycologiste que ceux d'Amerique
du Sud. Qu'il se detrompe. Comme nous 1'avons deja dit, les fungi
Sud-Americains ne different guere de ceux du reste du globe; les
especes vraiment endemiques sont relativement rares; en consequence
elles seraient fort interessantes a connaitre.

Cinq mycologistes de renom se sont occupes des champignons
speciaux a 1'Amerique du Sud: Berkeley, Patouillard, Hennings,
Moeller et Spegazzini, et tout ont donne des noms specifiques aux
nouvelles especes qu'ils ont cru reconnaitre. Les trois premiers ont
envoye aux musees d' Europe des specimens qui y sont soigneusement
conserves et catalogues sous les noms donnes par ces auteurs. Ces
noms sont desormais acquis et continueront d'avoir cours bien que
probablement Spegazzini en ait fait la decouverte anterieurement et
leur ait deja donne un tout autre nom specifique. La nomenclature
de Spegazzini eut eu un droit certain de priorite si les mycologistes
d'Europe et d'ailleurs avaient le moyen de reconnaitre ses especes.
Seul Moeller en publiant ses etudes sur les fungi Sud-Americains a
pris la peine d'y ajouter des croquis et photogravures qui permettent
de les identifier. II serait fort a desirer que son exemple fut generale-
ment suivi.

NOTES ON XYLARIAS

We continue our consideration of foreign Xylarias and trust
that those residing in tropical countries, particularly, will collect and
send us such as they find.

Xylarias are abundant everywhere, especially in the tropics, but
the species are less known than those of most any other section of my-
cology. They grow usually on wood, sometimes in the ground, and
may be know^n at sight, being black, carbonous plants that can not
be mistaken. If you will look around you will find many Xylarias.

XYLARIA PLEBEJA, FROM T. HUNTER, AFRICA (Fig.
1026). — This agrees with the cotype at Kew which was from Borneo.
For me it belongs to the polymorphum
section of the genus with solid, white
stroma and rugulose surface. Its character
is its caespitose habits and small spores
5-6 x 10-12. I can not agree with Thies-
sen's interpretation of Xylaria plebeja,
when he applies it to a hollow plant of
the same caespitose habits and spores. I
think the strongest character for grouping
the Xylarias is the nature of the stroma.
Xylaria plebeja is close to Xylaria castorea
of New Zealand in its spores and stroma,
but differs in its habits. We present figure
1026 of the specimen from Mr. Hunter.
Our photograph of the type at Kew could
hardly be told from this figure.

687

Fig. 1026

Fig. 1027.

XYLARIA CLAVUS, FROM J. P. MOUSSET, JAVA
(Fig. 1027). — Plant 1-3 cm. high, with a dull, black surface: capitate
tapering to the base, sometimes with slender stipe.
Context solid, white, firm. Perithecia imbedded,
near the surface of the head only. Spores 7 x
20-22, dark, rather acute at the end.

We have had this among our unnamed Xyla-
rias for several years, and have concluded to name
it in connection with Daldinia angolensis, which
it resembles in shape. This is, however, a true
Xylaria with white, hard, fleshy context. It re-
sembles a nail, hence the name. Fries named
from Brazil in 1830 a Sphaeria Clavus which is
now included in Kretzschmaria and must not be confused with this
plant.

DALDINIA ANGOLENSIS, FROM T. HUNTER, AFRICA

(Fig. 1028). — This is the first time we have received this species, or
have seen specimens. It was figured fifty
years ago by Currey from Angola, Africa
(cfr. note 473), and named Hypoxylon
angolense. It was compiled in Saccardo,
Vol. I, as Daldinia angolensis, but Cooke
arranged it in Rhopalopsis and later Sac-
cardo changed it into the latter genus
under the name Kretzschmaria. He had
better have left it where it was. Both
Saccardo and Cooke were guessing, and
Saccardo made the best guess. It is a
typical Daldinia as to spongy, zonate con-
text, and Daldinia rests on this character.
It is the first species, however, of Daldinia
where the stipe is strongly distinct from
the fruiting portion. Dal-
dinia vernicosus has a
stipelike base, but not
strongly distinct. The
plant is capitate, tapering
to the base, and in shape
resembles a round headed
nail. The surface has a
black, shiny crust. The
texture of the stipe is hard, black, carbonous; of the head is soft,
spongy, greyish, with a zone of harder black tissue beneath the perithe-
cia, which are imbedded near the surface of the head. Spores are
6-7 x 12-14, obtuse, dark, when young paler and guttulate. We pre-
sent a figure 1028 natural size and 1029 enlarged. As far as known,
this species only occurs in tropical Africa. We have, very rarely, in
our southern United States a similar plant (externally), known as
Xylaria Cudoma, which may prove to be the same species. (Cfr.
Letter I\o. 64, page 3.)

Fig. 1028.

Fig. 1029.

PHOTOGRAPHS OF PHALLOIDS

We are pleased to publish a new photograph of a new (?)phalloid
received from C. A. O'Connor, Mauritius.

PSEUDOCOLUS MAURITIANUS (Fig. 1030).— We present a
photograph of an interesting phalloid received from C. A. O'Connor,
Mauritius. There were no notes as to color with it, but it was no
doubt red. The photograph, which was made from the fresh speci-

Fig. 1030.

men by D. d'Emmercy, is so characteristic that it will permanently
fix it, and we hope others will find it and confirm it. Mr. O'Connor,
who is leaving Mauritius shortly on military service, writes me that
specimen will be delivered to my English address.

We propose a new name for it, although we have a suspicion that
the plant now has three names.

Pseudocolus Mauritianus has five columns united by connecting
arms at the top. It belongs to the clathroid alliance, and has a general
relation to Clathrus Treubii (Phal. Syn. Fig. 72), of Java.

Pseudocolus rugulosus (Phal. Synopsis, Fig. 67), with three columns directly
united at top, is known only from a very old drawing at Kew (from Java), and it
may be same species.

689

Pseudocolus fusiformis (Phal. Synopsis, Fig. 68), known only from an old
drawing at Paris from the neighboring island of Reunion, may be a crude and inac-
curate conception of the same species.

Pseudocolus Javanicus (Phal. Synopsis, Fig. 66), known only from Penzig's
drawing and based on a single specimen from Java, has three arms directly united
at top, but may be same species. It appears much smaller, however, though the
figure cited is enlarged twofold.

It is impossible to state from these old, vague figures what the plants really
are. The phalloids of the tropics are gradually, by the aid of photographs, reaching
a definite and permanent status, and everyone who aids with a good photograph
of a rare form adds to real knowledge. The main trouble with the phalloid subject
is to interpret the crude and inaccurate figures of the past.

It is the duty, we believe, of the staff of all Botanical Gardens
in tropical countries to have a series of photographs of the phalloids
prepared. Even if they are not directly interested in mycology, they
should aid by photographing the curious phalloids when they are
noted growing. Only by this means will a final, accurate knowledge
of the subject be attained. We shall be glad to receive the photo-
graphs, name them, and if a good photograph of the specimen has
not been published, we will publish it.

THE EMBRYOLOGY OF ANTHURUS

Miss A. V. Duthie, South Africa, must must have anticipated
our request for an egg of Anthurus (cfr. the recent Myc. Notes,
page 647), for she sends an egg in alcohol. A section,
figure 1032, shows that it is entirely different from
Lysurus, with which it has been confused.

Lysurus has the arms in the egg connected with
the volva by a thin plate (which we call umbilical),
and the gleba entirely surrounds the arms, excepting,
of course, where the plates are
attached. (Compare Myc. Notes,
page 647.) Anthurus does not
have plates connecting the arms
(or rather lobes) and volva, and
the gleba is placed in the center
and on the sides of the arms.
There is no gleba on the back of
the arms. Lysurus belongs to the
Clathrus group, and Anthurus to the Phalloid group. Some day the
phalloids will be divided into two groups on the structure of the
eggs.

Our figure 1031 represents a longitudinal section of an egg.
figure 1032, a cross section of a half through the lobes.

ADDITIONAL NOTES ON GORDYCEPS

We ask all of our readers who find Cordyceps to simply gather
them with the hosts attached, dry them, and send to us. There has
been a great deal written about Cordyceps, more or less true, but
there are very few specimens in the museums.

690

Fig. 1031.

Fig. 1032.

CORDYCEPS HAWKESII. PHOTOGRAPH FROM L.
RODWAY, TASMANIA (Fig. 1033).— This is a dubious species,

of which no specimen
has been seen by me,
none being found in
either of the two muse-
ums of London. It is
quite close to Cordyce.ps
Gunnii, and in my pam-
phlet I suggested that
it was a short, clubbed
form of that species, and
I still think its relations
to that species are too
close. Mr. Rodway ad-
vises me that it differs

from Cordyceps Gunnii in that only the fertile
portion is yellow and is entirely distinct from the
stipe, also the ostioles are more prominent. The
figure that we present herewith of Mr. Rodway's
photograph is natural size, and it is made from
probably the only specimen in existence. By refer-
ence to Cooke's figure reproduced in our Synopsis it
will be noted that Cooke took his usual liberties
in drawing his figure, and that there are several
discrepancies. The most glaring one is that the
Cordyceps is represented as growing from the
back of the host. Cordyceps Hawkesii grows from
the same host as Cordyceps Gunnii, which is the
larva of a species of Pielus. By reference to our
figures of Cordyceps Gunnii it will be noted that
it grows in the same manner, and does not differ
from either figure of Cordyceps Gunnii more than
each figure differs from the other. I believe it is
Fig. 1033 IBB best referred as a synonym for Cordyceps Gunnii.

CORDYCEPS DOVEII. PHOTOGRAPH FROM L. ROD-
WAY, TASMANIA (Fig. 1034). — This is another of the rare species
of Australasia which is not known to me from any specimens. We
presented in our pamphlet a copy of the original
drawing found at Kew% and it will be noted by
comparison with the photograph of the specimen
sent by Mr. Rodway that the drawing is quite
characteristic. The species was originally from
Mr. Rodway and the only specimen that exists is
probably in Mr. Rodway's possession. It has
never been found by anyone else. Our figure is
natural size. As we stated in our Cordyceps of
Australasia, there is no other similar Cordyceps
known. In the figure prepared by Mr. Rodway
(Cfr. Synopsis, Fig. 62o)there is a detail drawing
of the clubs and perithecia that gives a better idea
of the plant than this photograph. Fig 1034

691

A PARASITE ON A PARASITE

We have a most valued correspondent in New Zealand, Mr. H.
Hill, Napier, who sends us fine collections of the curious Cordyceps
Robertsii, which seems frequent in this country. This Cordyceps is
a parasite on a large larva, killing its host, and flourishing at the
expense of the animal tissue.

We gave an account and photograph of it in our Cordyceps of
Australasia, page 5, figure 616. In a fine collection recently received
of this Cordyceps, we noticed two clubs that were infected by some
parasitic, fungal species. This is a section of mycology about which
we know little, but we were curious to know its nature and examined
"au microscope." It is strange, but we found it to have exactly the
same spores as the Cordyceps has, and would be classed in the same
section as Cordyceps, viz., the genus Ophionectria, at least according
to key characters, although the perithecia are not "bright-colored."
For convenience in our museum we have
labeled it Ophionectria Cordyceps.

Mr. Seaver, to whom we sent a portion
of a specimen, suggests the possibility of the
Cordyceps having produced a second crop of
perithecia on an old fruiting club. WTe hardly
think this is an explanation for the second layer
of perithecia are only produced where the club
is diseased, and the greater part of each infected
Cordyceps club is not diseased and has normal
perithecia.

We present a photograph of a portion of
the Cordyceps club (enlarged) bearing the
Ophionectria. This parasite seems to abort
the perithecia of the Cordyceps and produces
its own perithecia which have the same spores.
Fig 1035 ^n ^act) ^ 'ls a kind of a vegetable cuckoo.

A parasite growing on another parasite
illustrates the old rhyme:

"Great fleas have little fleas upon their backs to bite 'em,

And little fleas have lesser fleas, and so ad infinitum,

And the great fleas themselves, in turn, have greater fleas to go on;

\\hile these again have greater still and greater still, and so on."

— De Morgan: A Budget of Paradoxes.

NEW SPECIES

I hope my readers will not infer from my publications that I
have degenerated into a "new species" hunter. I get so many plants
from regions where there have been but little collected, and so many
species unknown to me come in, that there is nothing for me to do
but to either give them a name or pile them up unnamed in our
museum. I have been pursuing the latter course so long that my
museum is becoming clogged with unnamed plants. Of the two evils
I think the former is preferable, although I have not much idea that
it will be of much practical service, excepting in my own collection
and to my correspondents.

692

I am not looking for "novelties." I should much prefer the old
species, but I can not help if I get plants that I do not know. There
are more foreign plants come to me 'every few months than Fries got
during his life. Naturally in these quantities, and from uncollected
regions, there are a number that I can not name. The real study of
Mycology is the classification, distribution and relative abundance
of the species. "New species" are an incidental part of this work, but
there are very few "new species" now that are at all common. They
are the rarer local plants. In puff balls, we were not troubled with
many "new species." During six years spent on the work, we did
not propose one a year. But the polypores are either more variable,
so that we can not always recognize the old species, or the species
are more numerous. We get an embarrassingly large number for
which we do not have names.

We sometimes get letters from correspondents regretting that
they have probably not sent any novelties. We are more glad to
get the "old species" than we are those we can not name. The more
we handle specimens the better wre learn the species, and not infre-
quently something "new" develops about "old" species. We do not
deny that we are much gratified to receive such striking novelties as
Sebacina Amesii from F. H. Ames, New York, Paulia resinacea from
J. T. Paul, Australia, Mesophellia castanea and Diploderma insolitum
from C. C. Brittlebank, Australia, Arachnion Scleroderma and
Arachnion giganteum from Miss A. V. Duthie, South Africa, Pyren-
opolyporus Hunteri from F. H. Hunter, Tropical Africa, etc. But
none the less are we pleased to receive the species that have been
named, but which were imperfectly known, such as Cordyceps sobo-
lifera from S. Kawamura, Japan, Hypoxylon cerebrinum from J. B.
Hart, Trinidad, Ganodermus umbraculus from J. Gossweiler, Africa,
Seismosarca hydrophora from J. B. Cleland, Australia, Daldinia
angolensis from T. Hunter, Tropical Africa, etc. Rarely a collection
comes to hand that we do not find something of interest, but it is by
no means the "novelties" that are of the most interest.

RARE OR INTERESTING PLANTS RECEIVED
FROM CORRESPONDENTS

POLYPORUS (AMAURODERMUS) SALEBROSUS. FROM
W. SMALL, AFRICA. This was published in 1912, Letter 42,
specimen from Hyac Vanderyst, Congo Beige. It is the second col-
lection received, and is a much better collection than the types. The
species of the section Amaurodermus are rare and most of them are
known only from the type collections. We are therefore much inter-
ested whenever we receive one.

Polyporus salebrosus, as shown by this fine collection, varies
from an inch to four inches in diameter, with a slender stem from
6 to 8 inches. The stem which has a dull surface is deep rooting (4
inches in one specimen), and probably proceeds from a rhizome. I
have often thought that the earth-growing species of tropical Amau-
rodermus and Ganodermus proceed from rhizomes, but it has never

693

Fig. 1036.

Polyporus salebrosus.

694

been proven, as collectors usually just "pull them up." The surface
of the pileus is dull, unicolorous, or with a few darker zones. The
spores of this species are exceptional in the group. Usually they are
deeply colored, but in this specimen so faintly colored, that if we did
not know the relations of the plant we might suppose them hyaline.
We present a photograph of a medium and a small sized specimen of
this fine collection from Mr. Small, and also a figure showing the
rooting base of a stem.

URNULA CAMPYLOSPORA, FROM J. B. CLELAND, AUS-
TRALIA.— We include this under the name as found in Cooke's
Handbook where a good figure
(165) of it is given. According
to Massee, who also gives a good
figure of it (Jour. Linn. Soc.,
Vol. 31, PI. 1 6, f. 17), Berkeley
named it four different times, and
it is found in Saccardo under four
different genera, as follows: Ma-
cropodia campylospora, Geopyxis
cinerea-nigra, Rhizina reticulata,
and Peziza rhytidia. We have
not done enough work with this
class of plants to have definite
ideas of generic distinctions, but
we believe it is cogeneric with
our common Urnula Craterium. It seems frequent in Australasia.

POLYSTICTUS ADUSTUS, FROM MRS. SUSAN TUCKER,
WASHINGTON (Fig. 1038). — Pileus thin, sessile, dimidiate, growing
imbricate. Surface minutely pubescent, adustus, sometimes with a

Fig. 1037.

Fig. 1038.

dark reddish brown zone at base. Context white, stupeus. Pores
minute, round, with white tissue, and usually adustus mouths.

The nearest ally of this species is Polystictus hirsutus, notwith-
standing the entirely different surface. It has the general bearing
of a thin Trametes.

695

POLYSTICTUS (SECT. PELLOPORUS) LIGNICOLA,
FROM REV. C. TORREND, BRAZIL (Fig. 1039).— Entire
plant cinnamon brown, 2
to 3 inches in diameter
(one specimen sent 7 inches
in diameter), mostly pleu-
ropodial, rarely mesopo-
dial. Stipe 1-2 inches,
solid, covered with short
cinnamon tomentum. Sur-
face hard, rugulose. Con-
text thin, concolorous.
Pores rigid, with thin walls,
medium 2 to mm. round
or somewhat elongated.
Mouths and pore tissue
concolorous. Hymenium
velutinate with subhyaline
projecting hyphae, some-
what colored, but without
the true setae of similar
species. Spores not found.

The feature of the
species is the rigid, trame-
toid pores, hardly suggest-
ing other plants of this Fig. 1039.
section (Pelloporus 373)

where we would classify it. The plants are lignicoline, differing in
habits from others of the section. Rev. Torrend kindly suggests, in
sending it, the name Pelloporus Lloydii, which we are unable to use
in keeping with rules we made some years ago.

STEREUM FRUSTULOSUM, FROM W. SMALL, AFRICA

(Fig. 1040). — This species occurs very commonly in the United
States and Europe, and
I have it from Japan.
With us it always grows
on hard, oak logs that are
but little decayed. It is
resupinate, tubercular, as
if broken into little pieces,
hence the name. Our fig-
ure 1041 gives an accurate
representation of it that
can not be confused. Fries
describes it as date brown,
and so I found it in
Sweden, but with us it has

usually brown con text and Fig. 1040.

white hymenium. The

696

statement in the books that it is "pulverulent with cinnamon spores"
is an error, for the spores are hyaline. They measure about 3^ x 5.
Everyone seems to have known Stereum frustulosum, excepting one
German writer, Hartig, who gave an excellent account of the peculiar
way in which the fungus affects the wood, but who called it Thelephora
perdix. No wonder the English author who translated the book

Fig. 1041.

states "it is not known as British." It is known as British very com-
monly, but not as Thelephora perdix. And this has not been corrected
even in as late a book as Saccardo, Vol. 20, 1911. Stereum frustulosum
has peculiar cystidia. The}7 have little spiny processes, as shown on
our figure 565 of Letter 51 of an Australian species. I do not know,
but presume they have been noted before in connection with this
species.

We have from W. Small, Africa, a form of Stereum frustulosum
(Fig. 1040), which forms a continuous layer, with a few cracks, but
not broken into little frus-
tules, as the plant always is
with us. With the same
peculiar microscopic fea-
tures, and the same peculiar
method of attacking the
wood (Fig. 1042), there can
be no question of the
identity of the fungus. Fig. 1042.

697

POLYSTICTUS BAURII, FROM W. SMALL, AFRICA

(Fig. 1043). — Pileus alutaceous, glabrous, tapering to a short dilated,
glabrous stipe. Pores minute, alutaceous. This is another case
where we fit a plant to an old description, when no specimen is known,
rather than to propose a new name. The plants answer the descrip-

Fig. 1043.

tion fairly well, excepting that the plants evidently did not grow
horizontally, but they might do so. They came from the same
country, and it is better to put an old name into use than to propose
a new one. In this sense Polystictus Baurii belongs to Section 13
of our Stipitate Polyporoids.

POLYSTICTUS VIBECINUS, FROM W. SMALL, AFRICA
(Fig. 1044). — WG disposed of this species in our Stipitate Polyporoids
as "No type exists. From description it is close to grammocephalus."
We have resurrected the name and apply it to this plant, which is
better than to propose a new name, though, of course, it is not certain.
It came from the same country, however, and fits fairly well the
description.

Fig. 1044.

Pileus alutaceous, with a smooth, striate surface. S.tipe lateral,
short, dilated, of a soft texture, and the substance seeming to overflow

698

the base of the pileus. Pores minute, alutaceous. It is the first
time we have seen the species. So many of Fries' African specimens
have disappeared, that the only thing to do is to fit the names to the
species where they fit the best. It belongs, however, in Section 22
of my pamphlet, not the grammocephalus section. The specimens
disagree with the description, for pores do not extend to base of stipe,
but in one of the specimens there is an indication of pores on the
stipe.

POLYPORUS UNITUS, FROM W. SMALL, AFRICA

(Fig. 1045).— Pileus infundibuliform, thin, fleshy, dark reddish
brown. Surface glabrous,
unicolorous, slightly stri-
ate, ridged. Stems several
from a rooting base, brown,
about an inch long, united
above to form one perfect
pileus. Pores fleshy, dark,
small, but usually elongat-
ed. Cystidia none. Spores
abundant, compressed glo-
bose. 10 x 12, hyaline,
smooth.

This is based on a
single specimen, and it is
difficult to believe that it
is the usual manner of
growth. If we knew any
species from which it could
be derived, we should con-
sider it an accidental
growth. But it seems pe-
culiar that it should send

Fig. 1045.

up several stems from a rooting base, which produce one perfect,
infundibuliform pileus. It seems that is the character of the species.
It sometimes happens, when two different plants grow contiguous,
that the pilei fuse, but generally clearly show the line of joining. This
plant with several stems (5) from one root, forms a single, perfect
pileus, with no marks or indications of not being one plant. The
species is entered in our Section Lentus 45c.

PTYCHOGASTER LUCIDUS, FROM REV. C. TORREND,
BRAZIL (Fig. 1046). — We do not know that Polyporus lucidus ever
takes, in temperate regions, a Ptychogaster form, but Rev. Torrend
sends the normal, tropical form, with the Ptychogaster form growing
from the same mycelium. We gave in Mycological Notes, Polyporoid
Issue, No. 2, page 31, an account of Ptychogaster albus, which in
Europe is the most frequent Ptychogaster known. No one has
explained why or under what conditions the Ptychogasters are formed.
All that is known is that certain specimens, instead of developing the
normal spores, and basidial spores, produce in great quantities conidial

699

spores, borne direct from the hyphae, and that the pores are oblit-
erated. Sometimes these spores are borne in such numbers that the
specimen is simply a mass of spore powder, with not enough hyphae

Fig. 1046.

to hold them together. The shape of these spores is never, as far as
I know, the same as that of the normal spores. In this form, Ptycho-
gaster lucidus, they are deeply colored, globose, smooth and vary in
size from 4 to 12 mic. Hardly any two are the same size.

GEOGLOSSUM HIRSUTUM, FORM DEPAUPERATUM,
FROM J. UMEMURA, JAPAN (Fig. 1047).— This is a little form,
hardly a cm. high, growing on dry ground
in moss. Notwithstanding its small size
and different habits, I should prefer to
refer it as a form of Geoglossum hirsutum.
The spores (colored, no mic. 15 septate),
paraphyses, and setae are the same. Geo-
glossum hirsutum is our most frequent
species in the United States, but with us
I do not know it to take this depauperate
form. The photograph we present was
made in situ by Mr. Umemura. Fig. 1047.

POLYPORUS CONCHATUS, FROM P. VAN DER BIJL,
SOUTH AFRICA (Fig. 1048).— Largely resupinate, but with re-
v vw ... - flexed pileus, conchoid. Color

**' -^ttilk'l^ (also of context) pinkish buff.

Surface dull mat. Pores medi-
um, round or elongated on por-
tion growing vertical. Cystidia

^^QHHMW^^*^^ none. Spores abundant, 4-5 x
^*iii*>' 8-10, hyaline, surface uneven.

Fig. io48. This belongs in Section 91 of

the Apus Polyporus, and closely
related to Polyporus rugoso-porus. The color is entirely different.

700

MYCOLOQICAL NOTES.

BY C. G. L-UOYD.

No. 50.

CINCINNATI, O.

OCTOBER, 1917.

P. A. KARSTEN

U:--r -v OFCA'TFORKIA

•}i',\ r

JAN 2 01342

MYCOLOGICAL NOTES

Issued by C. G. LLOYD.

224 West Court Street, - - CINCINNATI, OHIO.

SUBSCRIPTION PRICE.— A little personal interest on the part
of the recipient in picking up and sending to my address, specimens of
the larger fungi. All are desired excepting specimens of fleshy Agarics.
Simply dry the specimens and send them in.

P. A. KARSTEN

Through the kindness of Lars Romell we are enabled to present
to our readers a photograph of Professor Karsten, who died recently,
April 22, 1917. Professor Karsten was born in 1834 and he was in
his 83d year at the time of his death. The photograph which was
procured for us by Mr. Romell from Dr. K. Starback was taken some
fifteen or twenty years ago, or perhaps longer.

Karsten has been very active in the study of fungi and was a
practical field collector. He has written a great deal on the fungi of
Finland, most of it systematic. In his earlier works he followed the
classification of Fries, and personally, we think, it is unfortunate
that he did not so continue until the end. However, like a few others,
he imagined that he could get up a classification that would supplant
Fries, but I think it was a failure and that but few mycologists pay
any attention to it. It is unfortunate that men like Karsten, Quelet
and others, who were the most active field workers and attained the
best knowledge of their local plants, should have lessened the value
of their work by attempting to impose a lot of useless names in which
no one else is interested Karsten collected in practically the same
region as Fries and had he been content to work as a commentator and
illustrator of Friesian plants, his work would have been of great value,
for Karsten had the advantage of the use of the microscope, which
Fries never employed to any extent.

Karsten's work has been very useful in adding to the knowledge
of the plants of that region, not only by his publications, but by his
exsiccatae, which are found in almost every museum of Europe. He
was evidently a very active collector and student.

We wish to extend our thanks to Mr. Lars Romell and through
him to Dr. Starback for the loan of the photograph. It is perhaps
well to state that our photo-engraving being an enlargement, has a
rugged and unpolished appearance, due to the enlargement, but the
features of the original are well presented.

702

THE VARIATIONS OF POLYSTICTUS VERSATILIS

One must learn Polystictus versatilis by familiarity with it,
by handling it. By drawing the line closely a half dozen "species"

could be made of it. Like
most fungi it is a widely
distributed plant. We
have it from Alabama (i),
Brazil (7), Cuba (i), Nic-
aragua (2), Straits Settle-
ments (i), Madagascar (2),
Java (2), India (i), Japan
(2). It was named from
the Philippines, and hence
the "type form" occurs
in the East. This form
(Figs. 1049 and 1050) gen-
erally has large, thin, elon-
gated pores and their color
is purplish, sometimes quite
dark. But the color of

the pores varies and we have collections with no purplish cast, but
tending to ochraceous. The pores are always thin walled, and rarely
the walls are pro-
longed, becoming
somewhat irpicoid.

In the American
tropics the plant
sometimes takes the
Eastern form, but
usually has smaller
pores (Fig. 1051).
Rarely the American
plant has the pores
elongated. The spe-
cies is light weight,
and made up of loose
hyphae. The upper
surface, usually pale,
is always strongly his-
pid. The hymenium
has hyaline, fusoid,
thin walled cystidia,
often capitate, but

Fig. 1050.

this feature varies, and often the projecting hyphae of the hymenium
are longer, slender and not specialized. Notwithstanding the
variation of Polystictus versatilis it is easily recognized when one
knows it, but the only way to learn it is to become familiar with it.
HISTORY AND SYNONYMS.— This frequent species seems to have been
first collected in the Philippines and distributed by Cummings (2026). It was named
Trametes versatilis by Berkeley, and the same collection called Trametes cilicioides,
by Fries. It was also called, from a Philippine collection, Hexagona ciliata, by

703

Fig. 1051.

Klotzsch. It was referred by Leveille to Polystictus fimbriatus and named by
Berkeley from Cuba, Polystictus cladotrichus, and from Ceylon (a denuded specimen)
Polystictus venustus. Spegazzini named it Polystictus Hariotianus and also referred
it to Polystictus Drummondii, which Bresadola in "honor" of his mistake named
Polystictus Spegazzini, and afterward acknowledged it. Zollinger's Java collection
(1386) on which Leveille based Trametes Zollingeriana is this species. Murrill
misreferred the American plant to Polystictus villosus, but he got it right from the
Philippines. So while Polystictus versatilis is a variant species, it does not present
as much "variation" as the fellows who have named it.

NOTES ON AUSTRALIAN PHALLOIDS

PSEUDOCOLUS ROTHAE (Fig. 1052).— Through the kind-
ness of Dr. J. Barton Cleland, we present herewith drawings of

Pseudocolus Rothae, which were
made by Phyllis Flockton-Clarke
and are evidently so accurate
and so characteristic that they
answer the purpose as well as
a photograph. Pseudocolus
Rothae has been imperfectly
and inaccurately known before,
and we are glad to get such
characteristic figures. From the
appearance of the figure it
could be classed in the genus
Laternea, but as we understand
T*l« it, the columns are consolidated

into a stem at the base con-
tained in the volva. The genus
Pseudocolus is only a stipi-
tate Laternea. There are rare
records of Laternea columnata
occurring in Australia. It is
a very common species in the
American tropics, but it is
not known from Australia, and
it is probable that the Austra-
lian record is based on Pseudo-
colus Rothae.

Fig. 1052— Pseudocolus

704

COLUS HIRUDINOSUS IN AUSTRA-
LIA.— We have received from Dr. J. Barton
Cleland a very fine drawing of Colus hirudinosus,
which was made by Phyllis Flockton-Clarke
(Fig. 1053). The drawing is so characteristic
that there can be no question of the occurrence
of Colus hirudinosus in Australia. Its authen-
tic occurrence there is of great interest in the
distribution of phalloids, for heretofore it has
only been known from the Mediterranean
regions. Dr. Cleland informs us that it is a
very rare phalloid in Australia and only known
to him from two localities, Milson Island,
Hawkesbury River, and Byron Bay, both
located in New South Wales, but about 300
miles apart. The history of Colus hirudinosus
in Europe is rather interesting. It was first
found on the Island of Corsica, growing in
manured places and on manure, but it was
later found by Rev. Torrend, in Portugal,
growing in the sand and in unmanured places.
It is not known from other sections than the
Mediterranean regions and from New South
Wales.

We should like very much to see a photo-
graph of this Australian plant, for the drawing
is not exactly the European plant.

Fig. 1053.

Colus hirudinosus.

THE GENUS PYRENOPOLYPORUS

Fig. 1054.

Pyrenopolyporus Hunte

705

A most curious genus reached me from T. Hunter, Africa, viz.:
a Pyrenomycete simulating a Polyporus. When I first saw it I thought
it was a Polyporus belonging to the section 93 Apus Polyporus.
although I could not account for carbonous context in a Polyporus.

PYREXOPOLYPORUS.— Stroma pileate, with a smooth surface,
and carbonous tissue simulating the pileus of a Polyporus. Growing
horizontal, sessile, attached with a small attachment. Perithecia con-
tiguous, forming a layer on the under side of the stroma and simu-
lating the pores of a Polyporus.

PYREXOPOLYPORUS HUNTERI (Fig. 1054).— Stroma (pile-
us) 3-4 inches in diameter, a cm. thick, sessile horizontal, black, with
an even, dull, upper surface. Context black, carbonous. Perithecia
contiguous, carbonous, forming a layer 2 mm. thick on under surface
of the stroma.

Fracture of the perithecia glaucous to the eye. Mouths covered
by a thin, carbonous layer. Asci not seen, probably evanescent as

in the genus Camillea. Spores
6 x 12, colored, guttulate
when young, resembling the
spores of Hypoxylon and
Xylaria.

We present a photo-
graph of the top of the pileus
of a half specimen, also an
enlargement (Fig. 1055) of
a section showing the layer
of perithecia. There is no
genus heretofore known to
which this can even be com-
pared.
Fig 1055 Type from T. Hunter,

Africa (No. 71).

We have also from Mr. Hunter what appears to be a resupinate
part of this plant. If this has reached Europe it has probably been
named as Xummularia, a genus that we have not looked up in'detail.
But Nummularias grow on top of logs with the hymenium up, and
Pyrenopolyporus when resupinate must grow on the under side of logs,
with the hymenium facing the ground. This, to my mind, is an
essentially different, generic idea.

RARE OR INTERESTING FUNGI RECEIVED
FROM CORRESPONDENTS

™V^~° CONGLOMERUS, FROM CHAS. C. PLITT,
BALIIMORE (Fig. 1056).— Pileus, thin, rigid, developed from a
hard, white, conglomerate, myceloid base. Surface unicolorous,
between isabellme and honey yellow, velvety with soft hairs, faintly
zoned. Pores minute, rigid, alutaceous. Spores 3x5 hyaline

706

Fig. 1056.

Polystictus conglomerus.

The feature of this plant is the method of development from a
conglomerate base, unknown to me in any other species. The rigid
pileus and pores point to Trametes, but it is customary to refer such
thin plants to Polystictus. In grouping it we would put the species
in the same section as versicolor. The specimens were sent to Mr.
Plitt by Dr. H. E. Hone, from California.

ISARIA JAPONICA, FROM PROF. A. YASUDA, JAPAN
(Fig. 1057). — As named by Prof. Yasuda.
To the eye this is so similar to Isaria farinosa,
our most common species, that our figure
(1057) could be taken for either. The spores
are different — 2 x 4-5 reniform, curved, in the
Japanese plant, iM x 5 straight in our species.
Isaria farinosa is known to be a conidial form
of Cordyceps militaris, which species is un-
recorded in Japan. I hope Prof. Yasuda
may be enabled to correlate this Isaria with
its Cordyceps form in Japan.
707

Fig. 1057.

LASCHIA INTESTINALIS

(Or Poroauricula intestinalis, as it may be called.)

This must be a rare plant as this is the first specimen or record I

have seen, excepting the type at Kew. It was originally from India,
named seventy years ago as Favolus
intestinalis and still so found in Saccardo.
Certainly it is not a Favolus which does
not have gelatinous texture and is not a
true Laschia in the present sense. The
basidia appear to me to be of the "pluriloc-
ular" type and it is related to "Auricu-
lariella" section in Saccardo, Vol. 6, page
407. This section comprises now three
"species" (all of which are the same,
"Laschia" delicata) and really a different
"genus" from this. In "Laschia" delicata
the hymenium is universal over a folded
surface. Laschia intestinalis has definite
pores like a Hexagona, and the hymenium
is on the sides of the pores only. The
bottom of the pores is sterile. We do
not like to multiply the genera, but McGinty
proposed for it Poroauricula. We present
a photograph (Fig. 1058) of the type at
Kew, the only specimen heretofore seen
by us. Specimen from E. D. Merrill,

Philippines (Luzon, H. S. Yates, 25824). We believe it has not been

previously collected in the Philippines.

"Laschia" delicata, a very similar plant, but with folds instead of

pores, is frequent in tropical countries. It is better called Auricularia

delicata.

AN INTERESTING SCLEROTIUM FROM REV. BOUT-
LOU, WEST VIRGINIA (Fig. 1059).— What is undoubtedly the
sclerotium of some fungus was
sent me in quantity by Father
Boutlou. It grew in manured
places, and as shown in our
photograph, sometimes reaches
a diameter of an inch. The
surface is smooth and black and
the context hard and white.

There are in the tropics
several species of fungi that are
known to be produced by sclero- Fig- 1059'

tia. The best known species are the Lentinus Tuberregium (Cfr.
Myc. Notes, page 666), Polyporus sacer in Africa (Cfr. Stipitate
Polyporoids, page 122), Polyporus tuberaster in Europe (Cfr. Stipitate
Polyporoids, page 166), and several others. We do not, however,
as far as known, have in the United States any species of fungus

708

Fig. 1058.

developed from a large sclerotium, although there is an unnamed
species of Lentinus in the arid region of our southwest.

A number of very complete papers on the sclerotia of Europe have
been published by Leveille, Bommer and others, and in looking them
over I do not find any description that seems to apply to Father Bout-
lou's specimen. While the specimens grew in the ground under a
manure pile, they are undoubtedly the sclerotia of some manure
loving species. I only recall one in this connection, namely, Coprinus
stercorarius, but that proceeds from sclerotia not larger than peas and
can not possibly be these specimens. We hope that Father Boutlou
will succeed in growing a fungus from the sclerotium and solve this
interesting mystery.

ASTEROSTROMA EPIGAEUM, FROM PROF. A. YASUDA,
JAPAN (Fig. 1060). — Resupinate, growing on bare ground. Thick,
hard, woody. Context brown, of densely
woven, dichotomously branched hyphae, with
divaricate, spiny tips (hence Asterostroma for
me, Asterostromella for v. Hohn. but probably
Stereum for any one else). Cystidia none.
Spores abundant, globose, 5-6 mic., minutely
rough and I believe with a faint tinge of color,
but almost hyaline.

This species resembles to the eye Stereum
duriusculum, but has brown context and isabelline surface. It would
be classed in the Friesian system in the genus Stereum.

LENZITES TENUIS, FROM PROF. A. YASUDA, JAPAN
(Fig. 1061). — This was named by Leveille from Guadaloupe and the
specimen is at Paris. It was recently named Lenzites Earlei from
Cuba. The character of the plant is the narrow, close, crisped gills
(Fig. 1061). The West Indies plant is white and glabrous, and this

Fig. 1060.

•BtfL

Fig. 1061.

Japanese collection has a minutely downy surface arid a faint, pinkish

709

surface color, hence not exactly the same, but too close for a new
name I believe. There was a "Daedalea tenuis" named by Berkeley
from the East, which is really a Lenzites, and as it is yellow, and same
as Lenzites flavida (and about forty other names) it should not
embarrass the use of Leveille's name for this white species. Lenzites
tenuis is a rare plant in the West Indies, and I have heretofore only
known it from the two "type localities."

TRAMETES SENSITIVA, FROM PROF. A. YASUDA,
JAPAN (Fig. 1062). — Resupinate, irregular, thick, rigid, probably
pileate when well developed. Surface and the crust reddish brown.
Context and pores pure white, unchangeable in drying. Pores minute,
rigid, round. Cystidia none. Spores not found.

Fig. 1062.

Trametes sensitiva.

This reminds me so much of Trametes incondita (of South
Africa, Cfr. Myc. Notes, page 551, Fig. 756) that until I compared
them I thought it was probably the same. It has the same irregular,
indefinite habits of growth. It is the second polyporoid, known to
me, with a marked chemical test. (The other is Polyporus rutilans.)
When Trametes sensitiva is touched with an alkali, it changes at
once to red, which color shortly disappears.

DUCTIFERA MILLEII, FROM REV. LOUIS MILLE,
ECUADOR. — The genera of Tremellaceae are not all defined.
Since the microscope came into use, they are based on the basidia.
These were first clearly pointed out by Tulasne, but as he was a stu-
dent and not an inventor of names, it was left for subsequent savants
to propose names based on the features that Tulasne demonstrated.
Brefeld went into the basidia and structure of tremellaceous plants in
the greatest of detail. We have in the United States and South
America, and no doubt other countries, tremellaceous plants with
structural features not known as to European species. The most

710

marked feature is that of species that have large, colored imbedded
ducts. This is the third species that has come to my notice. (Cfr.
Seismosarca hydrophora, Myc. Notes, page 629, Seismosarca alba,
as Exidiopsis, Note 48.) The two previous have globose, cruciate

Fig. 1063.

Fig. 1064.

basidia. This has cylindrical basidia, hence must form a "new genus,"
for it would not do nowadays to put tremellaceous plants with differ-
ent types of basidia in the same genus.

DUCTIFERA. — Gelatinous, foliaceous or cerebrine. Hymenium
amphigenous. Basidia cylindrical. Gloeocystidia deeply colored,
imbedded ducts. Spores hyaline, curved.

DUCTIFERA MILLEI I. —Gelatinous, when soaked out pale
brown, but drying darker, cerebrine, lobed. Tissue of fine hyaline
hyphae. Ducts (Fig. 1065) deeply colored,
6-8 mic. thick, irregular, often broken, dense
near the surface, forming a cortical por-
tion. Basidia not clearly made out by me,
but no doubt cylindrical.* Spores 6 x 12
hyaline, guttulate, curved.

This grew on rotten wood near Quito,
Ecuador (Rev. Mille No. 4). In coloration
it is about the same as Tremella frondosa,
in form Tremella mesenterica, but in structure
it does not accord with any other species
Fig. 1065. known to me.

We present two figures natural size. Fig. 1063 is the plant
soaked out; Fig. 1064 is the dried plant as received.

*NOTE. — Of the three types of basidia found in tremellaceous plants the
globose, cruciate and the furcate are always readily seen and easily found. The
third type, cylindrical, septate, we have never been able to clearly see, as shown in
the figures. We see indefinite, cylindrical bodies, no doubt the basidia, but although
we have tried often, we have never clearly made out the sterigmata nor the sep-
tation (excepting in Platygloea cfr. Note 263), but it is a safe proposition if one
does not find the basidia to be of the first two types, they belong to the third type.

711

Fig. 1066.

HORMOMYCES AURANTIACUS, FROM REV. A. BOUT-
LOU, WEST VIRGINIA. — Applanate, tubercular, soft, gelatinous,
drying hard, cartilaginous. Color scarlet (Ridg.).
Entire fungus seems to be composed of branched
chains of catenate spores (Fig. 1066). It was named
and figured by Bonardon who described it as orange,
and gave a characteristic figure of its spores. The
American plant was called Hormomyces fragiformis
by Cooke, apparently on account of its "purple"
color rather than orange, but "purple" in sense of Cooke is scarlet of
Ridgway. I have collected it both in Europe and the United States
and both are of the same color, and no doubt the same species, and
also doubtless the South African species, Hormomyces callorioides,
described as "rose" color. The plant has the appearance of the
plasmodium of some Myxomycete.

Saccardo classes it with tremellaceous plants, suggesting that it
is the conidial state of some Dacryomyces, and Patouillard and
Hennings take the same view. I think there is no basis for that,
for there is no species of Dacryomyces of the same color, nor are there
any other tremellaceous plants known with similar spores. No one
ever found it that it did not have these catenate spores, and until
something more is known about it, I should consider it an autonomous
species.

STEREUM ATROPURPUREUM. FROM MISS MARGARET
L. FLOCKTON, AUSTRALIA (Fig. 1067).— Sessile, dimidiate,
thin, rigid, with a thick coat of dark,
purplish tomentum. Hymenial face
smooth, dark (almost black). Basidia
unknown to me, hence it is not possible
(for me) to refer it to a genus (Cfr.
Myc. Notes, page 680).

About two-thirds of a section is
made up of loose, coarse, colored hyphae,
which are really the tomentose covering,
and one-third of very fine, pale (not-
withstanding the hymenial face appears
dark to the eye) colored hyphae (cartilaginous tissue), bearing abund-
ant small conidial spores. I do not know, but I do not doubt that it
belongs to the same "genus" as "Stereum" lugubre, whatever that
may be. (Cfr. Letter 46, page 7.)

There are at Kew two collections from Malay. The first was
called Stereum aterrimum" by Cooke, in 1884, and the second called
Stereum aterrimum nov. spec." by Massee, in 1899. I did not
section either one of them, but judging by the eye, I thought they
were the same, and they are probably the same as this plant from
Australia, although (at present) both the Malay plants are well
named aterrimum" and this plant is distinctly purplish.

™ R™?TY.ERSATILIS' FROM MISS MARGARET L. FLOCK-
TON, COLLECTED BY P. F. CLARKE, AUSTRALIA.— Pileus

712

Fig. 1067.

dimidiate, thick, rigid. Surface hirsute, strigose (denuded in Fig.
1068). Context brown. Teeth mouse grey, irregular, tubercular,
somewhat daedaloid. Basidia hyaline, forming a palisade layer.
Cystidia similar to basidia, but longer, hyaline, thick walled, smooth.
Spores 4x8, hyaline. The subhymenial hyphae are deeply colored.

Fig. 1068.

The general position of the plant is doubtful. It is perhaps a
better Radulum and it might be called Daedalea. While I would
not suggest that it is a variant of Polystictus versatilis, I am satisfied
that there is some relation between the two plants that I can not
explain.

FOMES SETULOSUS, FROM MISS MARGARET L. FLOCK-
TON, COLLECTED BY MR. BLAKELEY, AUSTRALIA. (Com-
pare Synopsis Fomes, page 243.) The
presence or absence of setae on the
hymenium is usually considered of
specific importance in the Fomes with
brown context. Indeed in our Synopsis
of the genus, we grouped the species
on this character. Species that have
setae like Fomes conchatus, Fomes
torulosus, Fomes Everhartii, Fomes
senex, etc., seem to always have them.
Others, like Fomes ribis, Fomes fomen-
tarius, never have setae.

But we are convinced that Fomes robustus of Europe and the
United States is the same species as Fomes setulosus of Ceylon and
Australia, although with us the species never has setae to my knowl-
edge. From Australia we get collections sometimes without setae,
sometimes with a few setae, and sometimes with abundant setae
(Fig. 1069) as in the specimen just received from Miss Flockton.
In every other feature the plants are the same, and we believe are in
reality the same species.

713

Fig. 1069.

There are other similar cases. Thus Fomes Yucatensis is for me
Fonies rimosus with setae, but we never find setae on the common
Fomes rimosus in the United States. In interpreting the "species"
of nature, it does not do to lay down any rigid laws. Nature makes
her own laws. It seems that in some species which vary in presence
or absence of setae, the setae are absent from specimens of temperate
countries, and often present in those of warm countries.

FOMES OCHROLEUCUS, FROM J. T. PAUL, AUSTRALIA

(Fig. 1070). — We considered this plant in our Apus Polyporus pamph-
let as Polyporus, stating
that sometimes it takes
"Fomes" forms. This speci-
men from Mr. Paul is a
true Fomes with nine an-
nual layers distinctly
shown. The plant can
never be mistaken from
its abundant large, trun-
cate, hyaline spores. The
older portion of the plant
has turned black, which is
a feature of the species as
we have published. The
shape of the specimen is
narrow, ungulate, cuneate.
We saw at Kew a New
Zealand collection with
white context and this
peculiar shape, and on it
we based Fomes cuneatus
(Fomes Synopsis, page
217). We did not find

•* ., . , spores, which is strange,

1 it is the same species as this, which it may be. This species must

not be confused with Fomes ochrolaccatus, another peculiar species

recently found in Australia.

fv HEX^GONA CRASSIPORA, FROM T. HUNTER, AFRICA
fig. 1071) —Notwithstanding its very remarkable pore forms, I
ook upon this as a variation of Hexagona speciosa. There seems to

be in Africa a group of species (or forms) with the following essential
laracters Surface smooth, faintly zonate. Context color Dresden

brown to Cinnamon brown. Pores glaucous, without setae or cvstidia.

1 he original of this group was named from Africa, Hexagona speciosa

Ur Hexagona pamphlet, page 21). The collections differ, thick

i/2 cm. to thin 1/2 cm. and in the pore sizes (Cfr. Hexagona Smallii).

I0^TCr Saw *lIJeM8°1S* before with Pores like this specimen (Fig.

reJt hr 1 °m M?Y Hunter" With their thick walls and £

than H fi ?' Y ^ °ne m°re °f Cavitles in the context rather
than definite pores. Since this specimen has been received from Mr.

714

Hunter, we have gotten a second collection (No. 75). This, while
it has thick pore walls is not markedly different from the usual Hexa-

Fig. 1071.

gona pores, and is a connecting link between Hexagona crassipora
and the normal Hexagona speciosa.

IRPEX PURPUREUS, FROM JAPAN, AS NAMED BY
PROF. A. YASUDA (Fig. 1072).— Pileate from an effused base.

Pileus purplish brown, with
soft, appressed, fibrillose sur-
face. Teeth slender or de-
formed, irregular, often com-
pound. Sometimes near the
margin deformed and re-
duced to Radulum-like tu-
bercules: dark purplish
brown, velutinate to the
eye. Cystidia dense, hya-
line, smooth, mostly blunt,
5-7 mic. thick. Spores (if
correctly seen) globose, hya-
line, smooth, 5-6 mic.

The character of the
species is the velutinate,
purplish hymenium, remind-
ing one of the hymenium of
Stereum membranaceum.

We present a photograph (Fig. 1072). showing the general habits
of the plant.

IRPEX LAMELLIFORMIS, FROM J. UMEMURA, JAPAN
(Fig. 1073). — We have gotten this plant several times from Japan,
viz.: J. Umemura, J. E. A. Lewis, H. Miyabe, T. Yoshinaga, and
perhaps others. We misreferred it to Irpex Noharae (Cfr. Myc.
Notes, page 601) from our record, but on a recent visit to New York
we again examined the type of Irpex Noharae and found it different.
There are three species in Japan with lamelliform teeth, and it is

715

Fig. 1072.

curious that we do not know this type of Irpex teeth excepting in
Japan.

Fig. 1073.

Irpex lamelliformis.

Irpex lamelliformis has the teeth arranged in lines (lamelliform),
in fact it might be classed as an irpicoid Lenzites. The whole aspect
of the plant and coloration of the teeth, and the microscopic details
remind one of Polystictus abietinus. There is an intimate relation
between these two species, although the hymenial configuration is
so different.

Irpex Noharae (Fig. 1074) to which we formerly referred it,
differs in texture and surface, and coloration. The surface is more
pubescent, on the order of Daedalea unicolor. The teeth are more
rudimentary. It is evidently rare in Japan, for only known from the
type collection.

716

T.S.BRANDEGEE

MYCOLOQICAL NOTES.

BV C. G. L-l-OYD.

No. 51.

CINCINNATI, O. NOVEMBER, 1917.

FRANK H. AMES
UNIVERSITY OF CALIF:.

AT LOS ANfSE:

JAN 9. ntq/9

MYCOLOGICAL NOTES

Issued by C. G. LLOYD.

224 West Court Street, - - CINCINNATI, OHIO.

SUBSCRIPTION PRICE.— A little personal interest on the part
of the recipient in picking up and sending to my address, specimens of
the larger fungi. All are desired excepting specimens of fleshy Agarics.
Simply dry the specimens and send them in.

FRANK H. AMES

We present on the first page of this pamphlet a photograph of the
late Frank H. Ames, who died in Cambridge, Mass., on August I of
this year. Mr. Ames was a teacher the greater part of his life, and
for the past twenty years was connected with the schools in Brooklyn,
N. Y. He was an enthusiastic lover of nature and well informed on
various branches of Natural History, but of course it is in connection
with his study of Mycology that we came in touch with him. He was
a fine collector and often sent to our museum a nice selection of the
rare fungi.

He was born October 8, 1852, hence was in his sixty-fifth year.
The photograph that we present was taken about ten years ago.

Mr. Ames published nothing on the subject, but was well informed
on classification, and his specimens were always accompanied with
critical notes that added much to their value. Although we did not
know him personally, we feel a personal loss in his death.

Mr. Ames' name will be preserved in connection with the Ameri-
can fungi through Sebacina Amesii, that was published in Mycological
Notes, page 576.

AN INTERESTING PHALLOID FROM CHINA

LYSURUS SINENSIS, FROM G. GISH GEE, CHINA.— The
entire plant about three inches high. Stem fluted with five angles,
about a cm. in diameter; hollow, composed of large, cellular tissues.
Stem bearing five angular arms, which are connivant, but distinct from
each other, except where they are united at the top into a tip about
2 cm. long.

The second foreign phalloid that was named is Lysurus Mokusin,
which was published from China 137 years ago and crudely figured by
Father Cibot, a Jesuit missionary, then located in China. The
specific name refers to a Chinese province, and for more than a hundred
years the world's knowledge of the plant rested on Father Cibot's

718

original account. In recent years the plant has been found in Japan
and called Lysurus Beauvaisi, and we have a drawing of the plant
made in Japan by Mr. M. Gono. Recently, also, it has appeared
adventitiously in some warm houses in California. In addition there
is one similar collection from Australia which was illustrated as Mu-
tinus pentagonus, under the belief that the arms are united and
consolidated into one piece. It is probable that when this Australian
plant is again found, it will develop that it is the same species as
Lysurus Mokusin.

Fig. 1075

Fig. 1076

In the original account and figure of Lysurus Mokusin by Father
Cibot, the arms are shown and described as connivant, but as not
united at the top. When we first received this plant from Mr. Gee,
we thought it was the same species that had previously been illustrated
from China, and although we noted that the arms are united into a
tip, we thought that there was probably a discrepancy in Father
Cibot's account. But on again going over his work carefully, we
concluded that there is no possibility of Father Cibot's having over-
looked this feature, and we concluded that the plant from Mr. Gee,
with the consolidated tip, can not be the same species as the plant
from Father Cibot without the tip. It may develop in time that we
are mistaken in one or both of these assumptions, but until further is
learned of the subject, we shall have to hold Mr. Gee's plant as distinct.

719

The specimen was received from Mr. Gee in alcohol and had the tip
bent over as shown in one of our figures, but we presume that the tip
is naturally erect, as shown in the other figure where it has been
straightened out before photographing. In figure 1076 we give a
section through the stem and section through the arms, and the tip
of the plant showing how it is joined to the arms. The arms, as it
will be noted from the section, are entirely distinct from each other
and surrounded by the gleba.

We hope Mr. Gee will continue to observe the Phalloids of his
locality, and from his observation we have no doubt that it will be
decided whether there is one or two species of Lysurus in China.
It is possible, of course, that the tip may be grown by some specimens
and not by others, although that is not probable. Mr. Gee, by obser-
vation of the plants as he finds them, will be able to decide this point.

THE GENUS SEPTOBASIDIUM

SEPTOBASIDIUM PEDICELLATUM, FROM P. VAN DER
BIJL, SOUTH AFRICA. — The genus Septobasidium is very imper-
fectly known as to foreign species. Recently the United States species
have been carefully worked over by Prof. Burt and mostly named as
"new species." They are very difficult to work with, for it is rarely

Fig. 1077

Septobasidium pedicellatum.

that they are found in fruit and there is little to go on except the general
appearance, habits and color. We have but one common species in
the United States named Septobasidium pedicellatum, or Thelephora
pedicellata, as named by Schweinitz. There is no question in my
mind as to the identity of Schweinitz species that he records as "fre-
quent, for we all know in the United States what the frequent species

is. Prof. Burt would change the name on the strength of a scant
specimen found in Schweinitz' herbarium, but as I look at it, that is
basing nomenclature on accident rather than facts. Schweinitz'
herbarium does not always represent Schweinitz' views as proven in
a number of cases.

The genus Septobasidium is common, particularly in the tropics.
It always occurs on living branches and is not saprophytic nor is it
parasitic on the wood. It has been known for many years that there
is some connection between species of this genus and scale insects.
In fact it was mentioned by Fries, and Fetch has recently stated that
the earlier stages are parasitic on colonies of scale insects (Cfr. Note
42). The genus Septobasidium was named from the peculiar shape of
the spore bearing organs, which are similar to those found in some of
the tremellaceous genera. As a matter of fact, however, we feel
confident as to a great many species of Septobasidium, of which we
know nothing whatever about the basidia. Museum specimens are
rarely fertile, and when they are it is a most difficult, microscopic
problem to find the basidia. The tropical species of Septobasidium
have never been separated. They are found in our literature, usually
as Thelephora, but also as Daedalea, Hymenochaete, Hydnum,
Corticum, Helicobasidium, etc.

I have a list of forty-six supposed species that I found in about
a half dozen different genera in the museums of Europe, which, I
venture, from their habits and appearance will eventually be classed
in Septobasidium. We have in the United States two very similar
species named Septobasidium pedicellatum and Septobasidium
castaneum, which differ chiefly in color. Our common species is
pedicellatum. Castaneum, which is a darker species, is of a more
southern range. On comparison, Mr. Bijl's specimens are closer in
color to pedicellatum than castaneum, but as a rule I think the speci-
mens that I noted abundantly in the museums and which were by
Berkeley referred to Thelephora pedicellata, mostly approximate
Septobasidium castaneum in color. I think it will prove eventually
that Septobasidium castaneum is the most common species of the
tropics.

The following plants that I have (mostly) noted in the museums will finally,
I believe, be classed as Septobasidium:

Septobasidium albidum, So. Amer., Patouillard, as Septobasidium.
abnormale, Brazil, Hennings, as Corticium.
atratum, West Indies, Patouillard, as Septobasidium.
Bagliettoanum, Fries, Europe, as Hypochnus.
bogoriense, Java, Patouillard, as Septobasidium.
capnodes, Ceylon, Berkeley, as Thelephora.
Cavarae, Europe, Bresadola, as Septobasidium.
Carestianum, Europe, Bresadola, as Septobasidium.
cinchonae, Java, Raciborski, as Septobasidium.
coffeicola, Africa, Hennings, as Septobasidium.
crinitum, Brazil, Fries, as Thelephora.
dictyodes, Ceylon, Berkeley, as Thelephora.
fisso-lobatum, Brazil, Hennings, as Hymenochaete.
frustulosum, Cuba, Berkeley, as Hymenochaete.
Henningsii, Java, Patouillard, as Septobasidium.
humilis, Java, Raciborski, as Septobasidium.

721

Septobasidium Leprieuri, So. Amer., Montagne, as Corticium.
lichenicola, Ceylon, Berkeley, as Thelephora.
Michelianum, Italy, Calderi, as Hypochnus.
Mompa, Japan, Raciborski, as Helicobasidium.
paulense, Brazil, Hennings, as Septobasidium.
protractum, Sydow, as Septobasidium.
pteruloides, Montagne, as Hydnum.
radiosum, New Guinea, Hennings, as Hymenochaete.
rameale, Ceylon, Berkeley, as Lachnocladium.
retiforme, Cuba, Berkeley, as Thelephora.
rhabarbarinum, So. Amer., Montagne, as Daedalea.
rubiginosum, Java, Patouillard, as Septobasidium.
scopiforme, Brazil, Patouillard, as Septobasidium.
septobasidioides, So. America, Hennings, as Hymenochaete.
suffultum, Ceylon, Berkeley, as Thelephora.
ussanguensis, Africa, Hennings, as Hymenochaete.
velutinum, So. America, Patouillard, as Septobasidium.

The foregoing list is simply copied from my notebook of specimens in the mu-
seums. I have not confirmed it even as to the genera under which the species were
originally named.

Thelephora spongia, Cuba, classed by Patouillard and Burt as Septobasidium,
did not appear to me to be a fungus. I was told by a lichenologist at Kew that it is a
lichen belonging to the genus Dichonema.

A NAUCORIA FROM A SCLEROTIUM

NAUCORIA SCLEROTICOLA, FROM REV. BOUTLOU,
WEST VIRGINIA (Fig. 1078).— We gave in Mycological Notes,
page 707, an account of a sclerotium found by
Rev. Boutlou in the ground under some
manure. It was of particular interest, as
evidently the sclerotium of some fungus, and
excepting some small sclerotia, we know of
no fungus produced from sclerotia in the
United States. Rev. Boutlou has just sent
us an Agaric with this sclerotium attached,
and it opens up another question as mys-
terious as the sclerotium \vas originally. Had
the Agaric been sent to us separately, we
should have said that it was the common
Naucoria semiorbicularis, and now as we
have them side by side we can not see any
difference, excepting that Rev. Boutlou's
plant is produced from a sclerotium. We will
therefore not "describe" Naucoria scleroticola
except to state that it is the same as Naucoria
semiorbicularis produced from a sclerotium.

No more common agaric grows than
Naucoria semiorbicularis, and every wet
season it comes abundantly in the lawns and
pastures and manured places, and it is wide-
spread. We have it from Japan, Australia.
. Samoa, and as to Europe it is as frequent as it is

; I mted States. We were puzzled for years as to whether Naucoria

722

semiorbicularis and Naucoria pediades were the same plant or not.
Fries evidently called it Naucoria pediades when he found it growing,
which he stated "vulgatissimus," but he also maintained semiorbi-
cularis, distinguishing the former as convex, the latter as hemi-
spherical, and by the color. Cooke gave illustrations of differently
colored plants and transposed the colors, giving to semiorbicularis
the color of pediades and to the latter the (reputed) color of the
former. My work with the agarics in Sweden convinced me that it
was Naucoria pediades of Fries, and then later when I found it in
France I was convinced it is semiorbicularis, as was much better
figured than named, by Bulliard. We have a feeling that Naucoria
scleroticola is Naucoria semiorbicularis from a sclerotium, but we do
not know whether the sclerotium is an occasional occurrence, or
whether the plant habitually has sclerotia. If the latter, it is a strange
oversight for mycologists to make for a hundred years for such a com-
mon species.

Father Boutlou wrote us, "all the Naucorias in my garden have
sclerotia."

In a subsequent letter he advises, "since I wrote, the Naucorias
have dried up and disappeared, the sclerotium has emptied itself and
the hard skin alone is left."

POLYSTICTUS OBSTINATUS, MAXIMUS AND
HIRTELLUS

POLYSTICTUS OBSTINATUS, FROM W. SMALL, AFRICA.
We have gone over our specimens of this rather frequent species,
in connection with Mr. Small's sending. It is an Eastern species and
occurs in Java, Samoa, Philippines, Africa, but not in the American
tropics. Mr. Murrill confused it with Polystictus maximus of the
American tropics and his Philippine determinations under the latter
name should be corrected to Polystictus (or Trametes) obstinatus,
it being about as good a Trametes as it is a Polystictus. The context
is always slightly colored, very pale in some Java collections, but usu-
ally about buff-yellow. In one collection that we have from Dr.
Braun, German Africa, it is darker, about aniline yellow. When
young as some of Mr. Small's collections, the surface is unicolorous,
with a matted tomentum which partly disappears from older speci-
mens leaving glabrous, bay zones. Old collections such as we made in
Samoa, have smooth, hard, dark, indurate surface. As to the name
we shall continue to use the name given by Cooke in 1883, although it
is not possible that such a common plant could be a "new species"
at such a late date. A species, of which 30 collections have been
received by us in ten years, must have reached Europe before 1883.
The old fellows must have had it although what they called it we do
not know. Polystictus Meyenii, named by Klotzsch from Philippines
in 1843. is said to be the same plant, though the type at Berlin is
endorsed as being Polystictus occidentalis, and when we noticed it
we thought this was correct. Trametes cornea, as named by Patouill-
ard from China, is surely the same, if Roumeguere's distribution (sup-
posed to be cotype) is correct.

There is an intimate relation between this plant and Daedalea
Eatonii of South Africa, but we believe them to be distinct.

POLYSTICTUS MAXIMUS.— This plant of the American
tropics is the analogue of Polystictus obstinatus of the East, but is
not the same, I think, as has been held. The surface has similar,
hirsute covering, which first takes glabrous, bay zones and finally
becomes glabrous in very old plants. The context is always white.
The pores are not so rigid and are disposed to become irpicoid when old.
The spores, recently observed fresh in Cuba, are cylindrical, 4 x 12
straight. The whole plant is more flaccid than the Eastern plant,
never takes the rigid Trametes form. This is a common species in
American tropics. First called Polyporus labyrinthicus by Montagne,
it was changed to Irpex maximus when Berkeley pointed out that it
could not be the former. What Fries called it I do not know, but it is
probably his Trametes cingulatum from Brazil.

Fig. 1079.

POLYSTICTUS HIRTELLUS (Fig. 1079).— The abundant
collections of Polystictus maximus in the Botanical Garden at New
York, appear to me to include two species. The small plants with
unicolorous, soft, cottony pubescence I refer as above. It is possible
that they are the young of Polystictus maximus, but I believe not.
Of course no one knows what Polystictus hirtellus of Fries was, but
it came from this region (Mexico) and appears to answer the descrip-
tion.

NOTES ON THE XYLARIAS

We shall be very glad to receive from any correspondents, particularly from
tropical countries, specimens of Xylarias. We have done considerable work on the
genus, and have photographs of all the historical specimens we noted in the various
museums of Europe. Xylarias will be found abundantly in every locality, usually
growing on rotten logs.

724

XYLARIA RADICANS, FROM P. HYAT VANDERYST,
CONGO, BELGE (Fig. 1080).— Clubs i—ilA cm. long by 4-5 mm.
thick, obtuse, all fertile, sessile, or rather there
is no distinct stipe from the rooting base.
Rooting base 2-3 cm. long, 3 mm. thick.
Surface even, greyish black, the perithecia
protruding but little. Spores 5 x 12. This
species evidently grew in the ground, the
clubs on the surface. The rooting bases are
all broken and they were probably attached
to a buried stick. I have no notes of any
species with this habit, excepting Xylaria
radicata (bis) which, with its rooting base
"a cm. thick," this can not be. There is an
African species that I do not know, except-
ing from accounts that it has the habit of
growing from buried sclerotia formed in termite nests. It is repre-
sented as having a long, uniform, cylindrical club. Perhaps this is a
variation of that species (Xylaria nigripes).

XYLARIA ALBOMACULATA, FROM M. R. ESPINOSA,
CHILE (Fig. 1081). — Clubs slender, strongly rugulose with the pro-
truding perithecia, spotted with little white discs (over the mouths of
the perithecia?). Fertile portion 2-3 cm. long, 2 mm. thick, some-
times tipped with a slender, sterile apex of equal length. Stroma

Fig. 1080.

Fig. 1081.

Fig. 1082.

white, scanty. Stipe filiform, smooth, 1-2 cm. long. Perithecia only
partially imbedded. Spores 7 x 14. This reminds one very closely
of Xylaria scopiformis (Cfr. Myc. Notes, p 675), but it is characterized
by the white discs which appear to be around the mouths of the
perithecia. Other species have similar white discs (Cfr. Xylaria
Guyanensis Myc. Notes, p. 649). We present a figure of the plant,
natural size, also an enlargement (Fig. 1082), to show the little white
spots from which it gets its name.

725

XYLARIAS WITH CONIDIAL SPORES BORNE
ABOVE THE CLUBS

XYLARIA FIMBRIATA, FROM J. A. STEVENSON, PORTO

RICO. I have a photograph, made at Kew, of the conidial state

(Fig. 1083) of this plant, labeled as above. As far as I know it was
never published. If Xylarias were intelligently classed, one section,
and a small one, would be devoted to the species that bear their
conidial spores on branches above and develop the ascus spores on a
club below the conidial branches. At present the section would em-
brace but two species Xylaria fimbriata and Xylaria comosa.

Fig. 1083.

Fig. 1084.

Fig. 1085.

The ripe specimens of Xylaria fimbriata (Fig. 1084), sent by Mr.
Stevenson, are the first mature specimens we have seen. It must be
a rare species for, excepting a few conidial plants at Kew, I did not find
it in any museum of Europe, nor is it included in Theissen's or Star-
back's recent account of South American species. The species grows
from the ground with a slender, rooting base. The clubs are cylin-
drical, rough with the prominent perithecia. The apex is crowned
with the white remains of the conidial branches. Spores are small,
about 4x8. Mr. Stevenson sends also the conidial state (Fig. 1085).
The conidia are borne on fimbriate branches at the end of the club.
Our best thanks are extended, to Mr, Stevenson for material which
enables us to get this species straight.

XYLARIA COMOSA (Fig. 1086).— In connection with Xylaria
fimbriata we consider this species, which bears its conidial spores on
branches above in a similar manner. It was named by Montagne,
who gave a characteristic though diagrammatic figure. The type is
still preserved at Paris. It seems to be not rare in South America,
though not recorded from the West Indies. Our figure, made from
specimens distributed by Rev. Rick, is characteristic The clubs,
usually ovate or short, cylindrical are quite distinct from the stipe.
They are usually marmorate with little white spots. Spores (teste
Theissen) large, 7-11 x 26-38.

726

Fig. 1086.

Fig. 1087.

SYNONYMS (AND ALLEGED). — Theissen gives the following synonyms: Xylaria tigrina,
as distributed by Rick is this species whatever it may be in original sense. Also Xylaria barbata as
illustrated by Starback. Xylaria ramuligera is a conidial state apparently. Xylaria collabens, we
know only from Montagne's account and figure. We found no type at Paris. But from the figure
it can not possibly be this plant. Xylaria eucephala is also known only from the figure from Malay,
which has no resemblance to Xylaria comosa. I think comosa is confined to the American tropics.

XYLARIA FURCELLATA.— We present a photograph (Fig. 1087) of this
"species," all that is known, which was "described" from India thirty years ago,
and to this day is only known from the "type locality." Berkeley got it years
before, but it was so poor he would not publish it, but Cooke dug it out and gave
it to "science." He also improved on nature by making a drawing of it that in
no way resembles the plant. Needless to say, nothing is known about Xylaria
furcellata except that it appears to have its conidial spores borne above. Myco-
logical literature would be better off if it were not encumbered with it.

THE GLOBOSE XYLARIAS

There is a small section of Xylaria, characterized by globose
or subglobose form. Most Xylarias are club shaped. It is probable
that some of these globose Xylarias have in old times been classed as
Hypoxylons, but as we have never worked over this genus we do not
know. This introduces the question of what is the distinction between
globose Xylaria and Hypoxylon. The only difference we are able
to point out is that Xylaria is stipitate and Hypoxylon sessile and
usually broadly attached. Most Hypoxylons that we know have
carbonous stroma, and Xylarias white stroma, but I do not know
that that applies to all Hypoxylons. We have specimens of three
subglobose Xylarias as follows:

XYLARIA RENIFORMIS, FROM M. R. ESPINOSA, CHILE

(Fig. 1088). — Plant black, with
a short, smooth, glabrous stipe.
Club depressed, globose with
concave base, rugulose in dry-
ing. Stroma hard, white, be-
coming hollow. Spores 6-8
x 28-30. This, known only
from South America, was named
by Starback. Theissen refers it
in error to Xylaria obovata.

727

Fig. 1089.

XYLARIA HEMIGLOSSA, as illustrated from New Caledonia has same size
and shape as Xylaria reniformis, but small spores 5 x 7-8.

XYLARIA FIBULA (Fig. 1089).— We present

a figure of a specimen at Kew, labeled Xylaria
fibula, by Massee, but not the plant published by
him under this name. The plant he so published he
labeled Phacostroma fibula, and in my opinion it is
not a Xylaria and should I publish it I would use
Massee's generic name, leaving the name Xylaria
fibula open for this plant. The genus Phacostroma
is a flat sessile, cushion shape plant, with soft, fibrillose,
carbonous tissue, quite different from the genus
Xylaria. I do not know why Massee, after so labeling
his specimens, should publish it under a different name.

Xylaria fibula has a concave base, similar to Xylaria reniformis. It differs
in the smooth, even surface. I have no memorandum of the locality whence it
came, as when I photographed it I supposed (naturally) that it was the plant
he had so published.

XYLARIA OBOVATA, FROM T. S. BRANDEGEE, MEXICO,
AND T. J. COLLINS, GUATEMALA (Fig. 1090).— Plant dark
brown, obovate or globose, tapering into a
short, concolorous stipe. Surface even, glabrous,
nOt ruSu'ose m drying. Stroma white or alu-
tuceous, soft, pithy, becoming hollow. Spores
6-8 x 28-32. In the West Indies we judge this

is not rare. It is quite distinct from all related

species by its soft stroma.

Fig. 1090.

SYNONYMS.— Xylaria tuberoides, discovered in Brazil by Rehm. Xylaria collabens as illus-
trated by Cooke, which, however, has no resemblance even remote to Montagne's illustration and
ran not possibly be his plant, although no one knows what it is. Penzigia obovata, as juggled by
SpegazZim. The plant is a true Xylaria, with no relation to Penzigia in the type idea. Xylaria Duchass-
aiingn, named by Rehm from Guadaloupe, is surely (and fortunately because of its barbarous name)
the same as Xylaria obovata.

ALLEGED SYNONYMS.— Xylaria dealbata from South America, not possible. Hypoxvlon
I or Xyllria^ea^bata0' "^ ^ M probable' Penzigia actinomorpha from Brazil is for me a synonym

XYLARIA RIDLEYI
Kew, from Singapore,
appears to me to be
same as Xylaria
obovata. The stroma
in the specimens
photographed a p -
pears to be curiously
two lobed, remind-
ing me of a coffee
berry. Of course if
this is a feature of
the plant it is not a
synonym of Xylaria
obovata. The spores
are given smaller
also, 4-5 x 18-20.

(Fig. 1091) as named at

Fig. 1092.

XYLARIA CAVERXOSA, FROM J. P. MOUSSET,
JAVA (Fig. 1092).— Club globose, black, wrinkled.
Context white, hard, hollow. Stipe distinct, black,

Fig. 1091.

smooth. Based on a single, immature specimen, we name
it simply to have a name for it in our museum. It was
referred for us to Xylaria obovata, but that is not possible.

728

RARE OR INTERESTING FUNGI RECEIVED FROM
CORRESPONDENTS

CLAVARIA NIGRICANS, FROM M. ESPINOSA, CHILE

(Fig. 1093). — Simple, erect, i-i^ cm. high, black. Stipe 2 x 5-7 mm.
quite distinct from the fruiting portion. Head thicker than the stipe,
rugulose plicate. Cystidia none. Spores 6 x 10, hyaline, smooth,
laterally apiculate, guttulate.

Fig. 1093.

Fig. 1094.

We have never worked over the Clavarias, but are unable to find
a description that fits it. It is an ambiguous Clavaria, for we know
no other species that is black, and Clavarias are not supposed to have
distinct stipes nor plicate heads. There is a record of a black Clavaria
in Europe, but in the sense of Fries at least, it turns out to be a Geo-
glossum. This little plant grew in the ground and has the general
appearance of a Geoglossum and we supposed it was a Geoglossum
until we examined it "au microscope." A "new genus" might be
made for it, or it might be put in Physalacria but it does not fit either
in Clavaria or Physalacria very well. Our Figure 1094, which is
enlarged sixfold, will give a correct idea of this little plant, and suggest
the advisability of inventing a new name for the genus.

POLYSTICTUS DIALEPTUS, FROM T. HUNTER, AFRICA

(Fig. 1095). — Pileus thin, flaccid, dimidiate, largely resupinate.
Surface appressed, tomentose, with raised zones, brown. Context
thin, brown. Pores fleshy, minute brown. Setae none. Spores
oblong, abundant, 6 x 12, hyaline, smooth.

These are the first specimens I have seen and it is referred to
Fries' species (of which no type exists) from the description, which
it answers in a way, and which was from the same region. It is a

729

plant that goes in same section as Polystictus occidentalis. The
abundant spores, unusual in this class of plants will easily fix it. Of
course, in absence of types nothing positive can be stated as to the

identity of the old species, but I think it well to refer plants to old
descriptions rather than propose new names. This is doubtful how-
ever, for it does not have "an incurved blackish margin" nor are the
pores "pale yellow."

LYCOPERDON CEPAEFORME, FROM MISS MARGARET
L. FLOCKTON, AUSTRALIA.— This collection (Fig. 1096) shows
in a remarkable way the rooting system of the species in Australia.

The plant comes frequently to me from Australia and generally the
specimens have a large tap root. We have often noted this and also
that the same species from Europe and the United States (where it is

likewise common) usually has a small root about as shown in Figure
1097. We can not explain this. The different soil may have some-
thing to do with it, but we believe that the large rooting system is a
natural habit that the species has acquired in Australia.

f r

Fig. 1097.

Lycoperdon cepaeforme, with shiny surface, from Miss Margaret
L. Flockton, Australia. When we first opened this package and saw
the smooth, shiny surface of the specimens we thought we had some-
thing new. But when we came to compare it with Lycoperdon
cepaeforme we found it same in every other respect. Of course this
collection could be named for it is quite distinct from the usual col-
lection, but we think it better to record that in Australia, Lycoperdon
cepaeforme very rarely has a smooth, shiny surface and the color is
also darker than usual, with no yellowish tint.

NIDULA MACROCARPA, FROM M. ESPINOSA, CHILE

(Fig. 1098). — Cups about a cm. high, 6-7 mm. thick at summit, at
first appressed tomentose, becoming smooth
and brown when old. Peridioles a scant mm.
brown, smooth. Spores abundant, hyaline,
smooth, 5-6 x 12-16 mic.

The genus Nidula is an excellent genus
proposed by Miss White, from Northern
United States and Canada, only a fewr years
ago. It has the cups and epiphragm of Cruci-
bulum and the peridioles of Nidularia. (Cfr.
Nidulariaceae, page 10.) It has since reached me from Australia,
Japan. India, though everywhere rare. This species is very close to
Nidula microcarpa, with same cups and peridioles, but spores about
twice as large. It is probably best classed as a large spored form.

POLYPORUS ATROSTRIGOSUS, FROM W. A. SCARFE,
NEW ZEALAND (Fig. 1099). — Sessile, dimidiate, fleshy. Surface
black, rough. Flesh white, with pale greyish tinge.
Pores irregular, medium. Spores I x 5, allantoid,

With the same color, flesh and same spores,
this is close to Polyporus caesius, but the peculiarity
of the black surface contrasting with the white
flesh is such that we have no hesitation in referring
it. We would include it with Polyporus caesius in
We considered it incidentally on page 375 of our Apus

731

Fig. 1098.

Fig. 1099.

Section

Polyporus pamphlet, but the type specimen we thought inadequate
to give a correct idea of it. Mr. Scarfe's specimen, while small, definite-
ly fixes it.

POLYSTICTUS LUTEO-OLIVACEUS, (STIPITATE FORM)
FROM W SMALL, AFRICA (Fig. noo).— Petaloid, with a short,
thick lateral stem, unicolorous, tawny olive (Ridgway). Pileus thin,
rigid suborbicular. Surface smooth, dull. Context soft, concolorous.
Stem a cm. thick, dilated at base, soft texture. Surface concolorous
and similar to that of the pileus. Pores very minute, shallow, regular.
Spores not found.

Fig. 1100.

Polystictus luteo-olivaceus (stipitate form).

If Mr. Small had cut off these pilei from the stems and sent them
separately they would have been referred to Polystictus luteo-pli-
vaceus to which they accord perfectly in every character excepting
they are thinner. It is very strange that a species known from many
sessile collections, and growing flat, attached by a broad base to the
host, should take a form produced from a stipe. When we first received
the plant we could not believe that it was a form of Polystictus luteo-
olivaceus, and proposed to call it Polystictus pedatus. We have
since noted where a stipitate form is recorded as common in Africa, by
Miss Wakefield, growing with the ordinary form, and there is no
further question in our mind. But before we received these speci-
mens, we had seen many specimens of Polystictus luteo-olivaceus,
and never a sign of a stipe.

732

. T'S.BRANDEGEE

MYCOLOGICAL NOTES.

BV C. G. L-L-OYD.

No. 52.

CINCINNATI, O.

DECEMBER, 1917.

UNIV.

JAN 2 0 1942

MYCOLOGICAL NOTES

Issued by C. G. LLOYD.

224 West Court Street, - - CINCINNATI, OHIO.

SUBSCRIPTION PRICE. — A little personal interest on the part
of the recipient in picking up and sending to my address, specimens of
the larger fungi. All are desired excepting specimens of fleshy Agarics.
Simply dry the specimens and send them in.

P. A. SACCARDO

About ten years ago we gave in Mycological Notes, page
a small portrait of Prof. Saccardo taken in 1891. We are g)'
able to present a larger, and more recent photograph, m
ten years ago, 1906. Prof. Saccardo was born in 1845 and i~
of age at present.

Few men have been able to accomplish as much work
time as has been done by Saccardo, who has issued 22 * iumes of
Sylloge Fungorum, containing Latin descriptions of 72,438 fungi,
translated from every language of the world. We are advised thai
another volume is now under way.

As we gave in our previous notice of Prof. Saccardo an expression
of the magnitude of this work and the thoroughness with which it
has been done, we will not repeat it here. We will only add that
we doubt if any other branch of science has as thorough, accurate
and complete a summary of the proposed species as has mycology
in the twenty-two volumes that have been issued. We hope that
Prof. Saccardo has many years ahead of him to continue the work,
and we doubt if anyone else would have the courage or the facilities
to undertake it.

PHELLORINA STROBILINA

FROM MISS A. V. DUTHIE, SOUTH AFRICA

Miss Duthie does have the luck to get a lot of rare "puff balls."
This is the fourth rarity that she has sent me. Phellorina strobilina
has heretofore been known from two collections, both from Australia.
One is at Berlin, named as above (1880), the other at Kew, named
Xylopodium ochroleucum, by Cooke (1887). This is the first speci-
men I have ever received, and the first specimen collected in Africa,
nor has it been collected in Australia for thirty years.

734

Phellorina strobilina (Fig. noi) is a very remarkable plant, the

peridium has large, thick, pyramidal scales and the plant was well

named in reference to a pine cone. The dehiscence is no doubt by

the breaking apart of these thick scales. It has no sign of a columella,

and i<* filled with a uniform, pale, brownish gleba. The spores are

6-7 mic. and tuberculate. They are ver pale color under

It has no true capillitium, but shreds of a hyaline membrane

Hy mixed with the spores. The "capillitium thread," as

Cooke's figure, as well as the "allantoid, sporiform cor-

chat he imagined and showed, are conspicuous by their

Fig. 1101.
Phellorina strobilina

HISTORY.— Mueller, who forty years ago was very active and prominent
in Australian botany, but did not know anything about fungi, sent a lot of fungi
to Germany. I do not know that I have it straight, but I think they were sent to
de Thuemen, who turned them over to Kalchbrenner, who was a prominent amateur
worker, and was just about as competent to name foreign fungi as I would be t(

735

write a treatise on music, and I do not know one note from another. Th:-
was collected by Thozet (722) and the specimen is stilt at Berlin,
published it iGrevillea, 1874) as Scleroderma strobilinum, although he should
known it was not a Scleroderma, had he known much about the unateU

he gave it a good specific name. Afterwards Kalchbrenner got into -
Cooke, to whom he sent a number (mostly little frustules) of iht
This particular specimen I did not find at the Kew Museum.

Under the joint name of Kalchbrenner and Cook. \:
mostly Cooke), these Australian fungi were rehashed in GreviH
sequent issues) and in this paper the plant is called Phellorina st
correctly classed.

In 1887, Cooke got a young specimen from the Ehirling Rivei
although he had correctly named the plant seven years before, he d
a new species and called it Xylopodium ochroleucum. !
name, gave an excellent figure (Fig. 155, plate 16) in the Handb-
the microscopic characters which were all incorrectl'.

In 1886, Forquignon, who seems to have been a protf
at Dijon, France, wrote a little work which he entitled "'
rieurs," with a chapter on "genres exotiques." As all he k
figures prepared by Quelet, and probably never saw a sp
life, naturally he discovered some wonderful "new genvra'
based on a figure that no one to this day knows any

When De Toni compiled the seventh volume of Sarcardo
bilina in Forquignon's genus and called it Areolaria strobilina. »
"species," and no two of the three belong to the same genus.
Engler and Prantl puts the species back in Scleroderma. \vhere i*
and gives an "original" figure which looks very much li'^e a pr
has no resemblance, however remote, to this plant. Cooke i
very peculiar bodies that he calls "allantoid, sporiform corp
where he got the idea, for there is nothing whatever in the
suggest them even. But Cooke, as I have often remat i ,, wa> a
in drawing things that do not exist.

The specimen sent by Miss Duthie was collected in Rhodesia,
men of a very similar plant, and possibly the same, has '.e
States and called \Vhetstonia strobiliformis. It appears to differ, howe<
permanent cells in the gleba. (Cfr. Mycological Notes, page 270.)

ALEURODISCUS VITELLINUS

FROM M. R. ESPINOSA, CHILI!

We adopt the above name for the plant as it is perhaps th<
of several genera to which it has been referred. At the same ti

think it is better in Cyphella, thoug

widely differs from the main character o(
i^fej^ both genera. A "new genus" should be made
^ •Ij^B f°r it. and it is a monutypic genus, as no sini-

^1 ilar plant as far as known occurs elsewfo

JB ^^ than in Chile. The g---nus "Aleurodisr:

^I^H H modern writers is only ,in artificial product,

^^^B and includes all Basidiomycetes that have

I ^^^^ large spores and large A more

incongruous assortment could not be gotten
together. In the main Alcurodiacus ar«j

btereums or Corticiums with no analogy to thi- plant either in appear-
ance shape or texture. Excepting under the microscope this plant
resembles a Peziza in flesh, form and habits

736

viany years ago Gay sent a collection of Chilean specimens to

Both Montagne and Leveille worked with it. The latter

ahed this plant Exidia vitellina, though why an Exidia I do not

t was not an Exidia even in those crude days. Montagne

ood illustration of it in Flora Chilena. Berkeley referred

from Tasmania, evidently from Montagne's picture.

1 the specimen at Kew, but judging from Berkeley's

•K s something entirely different.

••^ in Saccardo as Hirneola vitellina taken from Fries
y never saw Leveille's specimen, but was only guessing
e's short account. Patouillard first called it Cyphella
'?ter Aleurodiscus vitellinus. As previously stated it
nblance to other species of either genus, and to the
ng large spores and basidia. I am particularly
t with an interesting history from Mr. Espinosa.
itellinus "egg yellow" does not well express its
A ;a informs me that when fresh it is orange and the
more brown. Until I sectioned the plant, I took it
JUT photograph (Fig. 1102) is made from a specimen
-cd.

rJIELEBOLUS LIGNICOLA

' STEWART H. BURNHAM, NEW YORK

AH a cei tury ago (1790) Tode published a work with
*cr crude it is true, but many species, especially the old
t their names from this work of Tode. Among others a
nous plant (his fig. 56) that Tode represented as ejecting
atinous ball, somewhat in the same manner as Sphaerobolus
Cfr. Mycological Notes, p. 431). Tode named his plant
, and Fries put all these genera that had the spores in
i is" together as a family. The structure of these "balls,"

Fig. 1103.

however, is quite different. In Sphaerobolus the "ball" is a peridiole
with the same structure as the peridioles of other Nidulariaceae, as
now classed. (Cfr. our pamphlet on Nidulariaceae). Thelebolus is
still included in Saccardo in Nidulariaceae, but as we could not get
any information on it -when we wrote our pamphlet, we omitted it.
We are therefore particularly glad to get this collection from Mr.
Burnham, as we get our first definite idea of the genus from these
specimens. Thelebolus has no place in the Nidulariaceae. The
nature of the peridiole is entirely different.

737

Thelebolus lignicola, as we
nous plant (Fig. 1103, natural
apex, and a small viscid, closed,
seed, is squeezed out. Our Fig. I
and Fig. 1105, one that has thrc
this peridiole as ejected with
confirm. The structure of th«
by recent writers. Brefeld .v
only. While a good microscc
borne in asci, each containim
asci are very thin and trano
in one mount we mad" • ndc.
could be seen streamin,.
show the structure cr _y.

call these sp^ :rn

size). As "•

white ba!x t of a

04 show, )f the plants (enla»ged;

• "l idiole. Tode represents

ce, which we are unable to

oie has been differently shown

s it as a cavity filled with spores

ne was in error. The spores are

•nerous spores. The walls of the

t, and are seen with difficulty, but

e influence of the water, the spores

the asci. Zukal and Heimerl both

Fig. 1104.

Fig. 1105.

In the most recent works Thelebolus is classed in the Ascoboleae
in the section with hyaline spores and close to Ryparobius, which
has the same spores arranged in the ascus. Of course, it is stretching
a point to class in the Discomycetes, a plant that has its asci not in
a disciform receptacle, but in a closed peridiole.

THELEBOLUS LIGXICOLA.— Small, gelatinous, pale, almost
white, about 2-3 mm. high. Rupturing at the apex and exuding a
small (i mm.), white, gelatinous peridiole. Spores hyaline, 3^ x
4-4^ mic., smooth, borne many (about 60—100) in each ascus.

It grows gregariously on rotten wood. There have been five
species of Thelebolus listed, all little, yellow plants on manure. We
are unable to reconcile this pale (almost white) species on rotten
wood with either, and have therefore proposed a new name for it.
Mr. Burnham sent us an ample fresh collection. We doubt if we
could have done anything with it from dried material.

738

AT.LOGASTER GLOBOSUS

A. SCARFE, NEW ZEALAND

Globose, hollow, ^ x "ding fr n strong mycelial, rooting strands.
Surface smooth, dark! a'n k. Flesh about a mm. thick, of

three layers; a thin cortical
l-'yer, an intermediate, fleshy
,eiitinous layer, and a thin
black, tenacious, gelatinous lin-
ing layer. The latter bears the
>ores, and under the micro-
.-.cof :s resolved into a mass
opores, with a few delicate
subhvaline hyphae. The spores
are hyaline, smooth and straight
iJ/£ x 5 mic.

I do not know, but I pre-
sume that the plant is related
to the Phalloids. While the
gleba has no odor, the spores are
the same and the gleba suggests
a Phalloid.

There is a well known
species of Phalloid (or better a
related family), Phallogaster sac-
catus, which bears its gleba as
a Gasteromycete (Cfr. Phalloid,
Synopsis, page 71). While there
are strong differences between
Mr. Scarfe's plant and Phallo-
gaster, I think it better to refer the plant to this genus for the time
being at least, until we learn more about it. If Mr. Scarfe will watch
for the plant and send some very young specimens in formalin before
the gleba has deliquesced, its exact relation to Phallogaster can be
solved. Our Fig. 1106 represents the plant,
natural si<ce, and Fig. 1107 the inside of a
section. Mr. Scarfe sent the plant wrapped
in cotton soaked in formalin, and it reached
me in perfect condition.

A few years ago Mr. Murrill found in
Jamaica a similar plant, which he published
(Mycologia, Vol. 2, p. 25) as Protophallus
jamaicensis. While I have not seen the plant, a close reading of his
description indicates to me that it may have been better to have
referred this to the genus Phallogaster.

Fig. 1106.

Fig. 1107.

739