aml oe wi ow td a ’ De Mi eo 5; ‘ roy) ara Dean a Loy eli Se a de 0) yale Hh eta OR nN, ; Ae) fi yan hia enon iy Bote ia pee ta es) ¥ 4 ite as my me Rees, 6 UR APA ROPE bod NEWLY WRITTEN THROUGHOUT. MY SiR RIS OF bw K EE PING HXPLAINED. CONTAINING THE RESULT OF THIRTY-FIVE YEARS’ EXPERIENCE, AND DIRECTIONS FOR USING THE MOY- ABLE COMB AND BOX-HIVE, TOGETHER WITH THE MOST APPROVED METHODS OF PROPAGATING THE ITALIAN BEE, BY M. QUINBY, PRACTICAL BEE-KEEPER, NEW STEREOTYPED AND ILLUSTRATED EDITION. NEW-YORK: ORANGE JUDD & COMPANY. 1866. wd. oN Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by M. QUIMBY, in the Clerk’s Office of the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of New-York. CONTENTS. CHAPTER I INTRODUCTORY REMARKS—17 Description of yueen.................. 17 BNE CLOLIQMCE Di iaes ceiver ieiesicieince HABSEOOES 18 Workers...... sence ais Hacosdpssodapedup tt) Age of worker............ KobSodaescodos 19 Preparations for swarming............. 20 Their nature should be understood.... 20 CHAPTER IT. PHYSIOLOGY AND BREEDING.—22 Imperfectly understood........... Soleenee When they begin te rear brood........ 22 How small colonies begin............. - 23 Different in large families... ... ... .. 23 AYAN Oh ee rcescn ce sise viele SSR aRaReCeNG 24 When the eggs hatch.......... eietocevas 25 MROUSHIFEALMEN Ec ecmicciccivle sine ciess elaine 25 Time before the young bee commences TEM gO)? cco occonud bon boceonoauencaccod aaetaeO) Terms applied to young bees. Bboote a Time from the egg to mature queen.. 27 Short cells usually taken for rearing CUMECNS Seine ivcletscicisralelsielonicsisiciers HOSSGeES Bo) When the queen leaves to meet the ROM Ch eaiccic velsiewielsis ste SF aierslemine viet 29 Number of eggs that a queen will lay. 30 When drones are reared..............00 33 When queens are reared in swarming UhWeh a abecicisen eapicao dene sOSHGCHansebeGe 83 When queens and drones are destroy- edibeforeiswarmling.: sen.csss seeds ace 34 Queen leaves with the first swarm.. .. 33 What becomes of the bees when no SWAT ISSUES. acters see tenance aiaee 35 When a young queen takes the place Ofsthe oldjonere.. sens scsae sees eee 35 When large numbers of droneal are TEAC Acaciccremiemeaeieiicrsioe Hoso"Ga60n0 35 Theory relative to drones eietals sopaobdad 36 vale WES 5 HCD oe suacoddesacas.6e) CHAP TER-ITL HIVES.—46 Satisfaction in having no patent....... 46 No difficulty in obtaining certificates SNGGPVLEM WMS eseeeeenen cece cieleneser ies Hives furnished for trial............... 48 Necessities of the bees..............0. - 48 Great discovery for patentvenders.... 49 Principles of different hives............ 49 CHAMDEN, DIV scinicecicieisis sisisuneclecicene e040, Suspended hive........... Inclined bottom board............... Dividing hive..... Boososeces wolsie -» 50 Changeable hive.... Ventilating hivesc:ie.os.sscceses Moth proof hive. Non-Swarmer.... eee ecccoree IV CONTENTS. Pra perisiZe OL NVC scccse resists GasiesieetOS: Directions for making box hive........ 61 Top of hive not fastened....... Seek ene, Best surplus boxes. ..........08 . 63 Directions for making boxes........... 63 Guidexcomb eee siinciess sciscisecsmece sls 64 Some desirable things not found in box Nive sesteserssts Snodhac ddanboogonboo0d oo. 6 Movable comb hives ssc caciseisisect renee Some of its advantages..............-.. 67 Movable comb hive as used by the au- Directions for making................ +. 68 Straw hive for wintering bees.......... 73 Observatory hive... vecelasieic/sioierstegnt eccsccer CHAPTER TY, BEE PASTURAGE—%6 Substitute for pollen............-.-0.02- 76 Substitute for Homey... cscs ecesevcsewes Cl Manner of packing pollen............. 7 Flowers that yield first pollen.... .... 78 IIS tMONG Vic iclelsieicie eisieciclae Meccan Steielul) Fruit flowers important... 79 Red raspberry a favorite.. Honey from red clover..............2006 Catnip one of the best honey yielding DIAMES cate starcticyecicis niiaicie cieweleletel(ele/eieraleye 80 Singular fatality attendant on Silk- SWIEE Cicer stein ste Maleeasteisiciscies eicvoleinteicieeoiers 82 Bass-wood very important...........66 83 Fone y-CeO Wis ceecclercdiecisicivisiecisisleler cio see's OO Unusual secretion ............. Buck wheatie cis. cscs ceccisasiesanceeceeenee, Do bees injure the grain ?.........0000. 89 Bees necessary to insure a crop..... Bao) Two kinds of pollen stored in one cell 92 No test of the presence of a queen,.... 93 Bee-bread seldom packed in drone cells 94 Manner of discharging pollen..... dopon Les Discharging honey............0ss006 see. 94 Some cells contain honey for daiiy use 95 Combs constructed as needed......... . 96 Best seagon for honey.............eeee0s 96 How many stocks may be: Kepticccscce Ot Principal sources of honey.......... Bop ct) Distance a bee will go for honey.......100 COPEL AG aby abu.» We THE APIARY.—100 TO CATION eerste sioc\s eletererenieleleireclele sodcusobe 100 Location marked... .....seeceseees ++ -L02 Should not be moved..........0...2+--0102 Space between stands.......... eelcieceelOS Small matters...... Piomieloteeteyele svaleiontnisieiels 103 Gheap Stan sercseccascccciccincletle sccm elec chOL Disadvantage of standing too high....105 IBEStCOVET as ccwieiooests sloie slelsalowisieoe cinerea Ont Bee-house unprofitable........0... .-..107 Some will have them... i... 3s... 0cceLOT Hives should be of different colors....107 REPIACING: WEEMS... @ Keep brood together. ......ccscscceee 200 PIII CRW eM stercleisielsicierenisieisielsisie's Rear ate Oe eae CAUTLO Meee cmerer hie maicercecninsossee OS FLO WALOC Obie cs ciocccisccc- cieie win seaescieecQ00 CO HVAR TD EORe xe, SAGACITY OF BEES.—263 MOOMMALVE]LOUSteiccsiccieiiseens sitsciosiestcioe 263 No part of the hive inaccessible.......265 Instances of sagacity.........0.-+-208- 264 Weshould be content with facts.......266 OBEAL IO IMIR, Ose CIE SELECTING COLONIES FOR WINTER.—266 PBUTSHICATE Sciinciclecisciecincls Bererenicieieise C00 Season LoOperaternceccsce oricisecieiseejemato hl Strong colonies inclined to rob cadaeadd 267. Paralyzing: bees. .......< Gasadonog pecodee 271 Requisites of good stocks..... ure 207 Description of fumigatior....- eieeietaaisiato rexel Disadvantage to kill bees.............. 208i LO WatOnOpehabese sss etncnancsvers sihernrarerete 272 Cause of poor colonies varies in differ- How bees were wintered in a scarcity @uly WECHONEL CAacodooonecconnenadoup aoe of honey ..... HeBassouasodcoaD eereteiciclets 274 Poor stocks may be united... Advantage of transferring,............. 274 SWATE TIBI GMISIMO LD EStieccnetsics cc seis cece Uniting comb, honey, and bees........275 Two swarms united, eat less then when When it is best to feed...........00200..00 SCM ALALC ela lieteteiciativersisle/eisteseie Ogcooode0 270 C7 AVP, Heke Xe LT STRAINING HONEY AND WAX.279 Removing combs.............+- coscee--2(9 Making: wax..... SooaddosueoeD aatceisislelsiaieacoe How to strain ...... paaosoDe “do eeeeciisse 279 Quantity wasted.......c.ccccs.-.-+ on «208 Metheglln and vinegar..,..©... . ..28l AVS CHUAN LILICS yateracicielcieibielelersieleleicieteiclese(a 283 Feeding refuse honey.............. .... 281 Cre ASP Pon k= exer xenle ele WINTERING BEES.—284 Different methods................. Beer eod a SC LOIN COU bee eatce soduGsoEBe Seeaeeeneeeot Warmth requisite..... Quddonddcossdnace- 284 Oe ei eeee lily Vi — fo a Heaeee se yo ae i y Yl D) ; diy. =~ ey . i = é Lily: yy eRe > eeee: S, q Y Yy, Wy “iy Shy Tip Ly; o Mon, Oe gE Ly Y jl eS De D Qk Coens » ae ) Cee Y Lig Y ae eioee Y iy pn 7 Ly iy Loe ee, | Y liy > ry el) q KEL ey Mp Ny Sad (ly, liy Y, Ze”) ie Hy. Vane UTIL pe uy WH: Fig. 85.—no. 84 INSERTED IN A COMB READY FOR THE REARING. BOX. centre of the comb, and having carefully cut out a queen- cell, put it in this space, without bruising or rudely shak- ing it. The bees accept this instead of brood, and they will have a queen ten days sooner by the operation. In about one-third of the cases, the bees will destroy such cell; the operation must then be repeated. It would insure safety in all cases, if the cell, with three or four bees from the rearing box, and a small quantity of honey in a cup of tin-foil or some convenient material, could be THE ITALIAN OR LIGURIAN BEE. 325 enclosed in a wire-cloth cage, and remain thus until the queen hatches, and they have become reconciled to her presence. It will not do to postpone the removal of these cells for more than ten days if ae wish to be sure of saving Oy. Recta iy: oe oe < oy aes oO NA 4 a “\ D oeeees Ay TN o . ms Coe it sole rc \\ Ky aN Ke : ec Oe ces cee Ne 0 ee OO. ee ay XG ai. oe ercceceee weal As iN), 4 \ cr At INVA oe ee AN be eee Dy. waa aN Ae i < Stn £\ Nek NAL Uri Wa all the me The eae the oldest one to come out of her cell, and destroy all the others in ten days from the time they commenced rearing them. HOW TO OBTAIN BEES FOR REARING QUEENS. The bees to rear queens, should, when practicable, be obtained from hives at least a mile and a half from the place where the queens are to be raised. Take them from a strong colony. If from the box-hive, invert it and drive out a quart or two into an empty hive or box, look out the queen if among them, and put her back. If they a20 THE ITALIAN OR LIGURIAN BEE. are to be taken from the Movable Comb Hive, take out two or three combs and shake the bees off beside the box, into which they will run if it is set down with one edge raised a little, taking care all the time to not get the queen. Shut up the bees by tying a cloth over. Have an inch hole in the top of the box containing them, and when the small box, with comb, brood, etc., is all ready, set it over it, and the bees will enter at once. Not find- ing a queen, in a few hours they will commence rearing one or more, by converting common cells into queen-cells, and worker-larve into queens. If the bees have been taken from a colony at home, it will be necessary to con- fine them from thirty-six to forty-eight hours, otherwise they may return to the old colony. If taken from a colony at a distance, less time will answer. They should be fed when shut up, unless some of their combs are filled with honey. By obtaining the bees in the middle of the day while the old ones are out foraging, a large proportion will be young bees that have never left the hive, which are considered by many to be better for this purpose than old ones; at least they cannot know the way-to their homes. BLACK BEES AS NURSES. Much has already been said relative to the propriety of having black bees as nurses to raise Italian queens. Some allege that they impart some taint to the young queen, which affects all her future progeny. Mr. Lang- stroth, who is entitled to as much confidence as any one, thinks it makes but little difference which variety rears the queen, provided there is a goodly number and plenty of honey. I have never been able to detect any difference. The largest and best queens are reared near the swarming season. I have observed that a larger proportion of dark and undersized ones are raised in cool weather in the fall. THE ITALIAN OR LIGURIAN BEE. By 6 I have raised nineteen in twenty beautiful queens from one mother, in July and August; and from the same in Octo- ber, three out of four would be black and small. Mr. Langstroth suggests that the cause of this lies in their being reared by weak colonies. After close observa- tion, I have failed to discover much in confirmation of this view. Weak nuclei with abundance of honey, in warm weather, raise fair queens; strong ones in cool weather raise very poor ones. BEST TIME TO OBTAIN BROOD. From noon till 3 P. M. is decidedly the best time in the day to obtain the brood. While busy at work, the bees have not time to notice what is going on. Go to the hive, containing your best Italian brood, and take out different combs, till you find brood of the right age, and with a sharp knife, cut out suitable pieces. Have at hand some empty clean brood comb, from which cut pieces to ex- actly replace them. The bees will soon fasten them in place. In these cases it is well to have some smoke on. hand, in case of emergency, but it is seldom necessary. Care must be observed not to allow brood or a queen-cell to become chilled. The rearing boxes, being small, will be affected by the changes of the weather, more than hives, and on some occasions will need some protection. Throw a blanket over the box, or take it in the house for the night. it is unnecessary to raise queens before there are any drones to meet them. It is said by some that the drone should be at least two weeks old. About the fifth or sixth day after the queen leaves the cell, she issues for the pur- pose of meeting the drone; if successful, she commences laying about the eighth day. This rule, however, like oth- ers, is liable to exceptions. The queen may be safely in- troduced to the native stock, by taking the following pre- 828 © THE ITALIAN OR LIGURIAN BEE. cautions. A laying queen is received better than a virgin. The colony to receive her should be prepared a few days previously by removing its queen. FINDING BLACK QUEEN. She is most easily found in the middle of the day when the workers are abroad. If you can take out the frames without alarming the bees, your chances of success are more certain. Protect the face, and proceed without smoke. Pry loose the propolis fastenings, and raise off the top with the utmost caution, without jarring or thumping the hive sufficient to give alarm. Have an empty hive near, in which to put the frames as you take them out. Examine the centre combs, or those filled with brood first, when you can conveniently. Look over each one carefully; if not disturbed, the bees will be spread evenly over the surface, and her majesty is easily distinguished, when she can be readily taken up with the fingers. But if an alarm is raised, she is the most timid of any, and will get away in the corners of the hive, or among a mass of bees, where it will need close scrutiny to detect her.* In such case, you can either return the whole, and try it again some other time, or divide, putting one half the contents in the empty hive, and if possible the largest share of bees. Separate the combs in each, putting them only in the alternate spaces. If several hives are used, they can be still farther separated, which will be of some advantage. They be- come quiet ina few minutes, and the queen will venture out in sight. The bees on the comb with her will be quiet, while the others will manifest considerable uneasi- ness. This will direct your attention to the proper comb. To return the combs to the hive, in the relative position before occupied, number them before any are removed. There is still another method of finding the queen which * The Italians are seldom much alarmed, and the queen is easier found. THE ITALIAN OR LIGURIAN BEE. O29 may be preferred. Make a box about one foot square, having one of its sides in the form of a door, with hinges, and a catch to hold it shut. “Let another side be made of narrow slats or strips five thirty-seconds of an inch apart. These strips are better made of zinc, cut very accurately, but wood will answer. Shake the bees from the combs and let them enter this box, close the door, and. sift the bees—shaking them lengthwise off the bars. The workers pass through the spaces, the queen, and drones, if any, areretained. Ifshaken in front of the hive, the bees enter as they drop out. The shaking confuses them so that they are not disposed to sting.* The bees, when returned to the hive destitute of a queen, will at once commence operations to remedy the loss, by converting some of the worker larve into queens. Tn about seven days all the eggs left will have passed the period when it is possible to change them thus. Now take out the combs again, and cut off aii royal cells that con- tain larve. The safety of the queen introduced, depends greatly on their entire removal. The queen might be introduced in less time than this, and be accepted, at least without being stung imme- diately, yet being so different from the old mother, they are not always satisfied, and when they have means, will sometimes rear another, notwithstanding her presence. It is best to allow them no such opportunity. INTRODUCTION OF QUEEN. Introduce the queen thus. Secure her with two or three of her workers, and a little honey in a wire-cloth cage, and insert it among the combs. At the end of twenty-four hours, she may be let out among the bees, and when the foregoing preliminaries are observed—will be— * When the hives from which the bees are taken for rearing boxes, contain black drones, they may be separated very readily by this method of sifting. 300 THE ITALIAN OR LIGURIAN BEE. as far as my experience extends—well received. I have succeeded with equal satisfaction, and much less trouble with the following method,*due to Mr, L. A. Aspinwall. It is simply to immerse the queen in a little honey— slightly warmed, if necessary—and drop her among the bees, which immediately commence licking her off, and forget that she is ausurper. This is so much less trouble that I prefer it, and consider myself very anes indebted to him for the suggestion. I would remark that if the Italian queen is introduced in the swarming season, when the bees are gathering abundance of honey, and the colony is strong enough to divide—making two—it would be well to do so, as it saves the trouble of looking up more than one queen for two hives, and you can find this one with much less trouble. (Directions for dividing may be found in the chapter on artificial swarms.) _ITALIANIZING THE BOX HiVE. There are some who will still continue to use the box hive, who will wish to furnish them with Italian queens. It can be done, but involves a little more trouble, and the bees are kept a little longer without a laying queen ; there is also a delay of some weeks, before you are certain of success. The process is as follows: Drive out the bees, find and remove the queen, allow- ing the bees to return immediately. According to the rule, in twelve days they will mature a successor, and the first one that hatches will destroy the others before they mature. In eight days she will commence laying. This must not be allowed, but as soon as it is certain that she has destroyed all her royal sisters, which will be in two or three days at farthest, and before she begins laying, she herself must be destroyed—Any immature queens found about the entrance will indicate the des- THE ITALIAN OR LIGURIAN BEE. aol truction of her rivals. Drive out the bees again, find and kill the queen, and again return them. ‘There is no possibility of their rearing another queen, and the Italian may be introduced in three days without much risk, if the usual precautions are taken. Should the first queen that matures in such case, lead out a swarm instead of destroying her royal sisters, (which she would be likely to do, at any time near the swarming season,) it will be some days later before they are killed, and unless the colony is very strong, it would be best to return the swarm. Hive it, and set it near the parent stock till the next morning, then set the bees to running into the old hive, and secure the queen. When the piping entirely ceases, it may be taken as evidence that but one queen remains, and that it is time to operate. If it is desired to introduce a queen into a stock that has swarmed it can be done on the same principle. The only important point is to secure the queen remaining after the destruction of the others, before she has. begun to lay. Any hive that loses its queen by her coming out to meet the drone, may be supplied by simply taking the trouble to introduce one. A neighbor has successfully introduced them to the box hive, at the beginning of the swarming season. As soon as a stock can spare a swarm, and before any queen- cells are finished preparatory to swarming, he drives out in the middle of the day a small swarm, and removes the old hive a few feet and places the new one on its stand. The old bees, that are acquainted with the old place, re- turn there and make it strong. Two days afterward the young bees that are hatching readily accept of any queen that is given them. Old bees would be likely to destroy them when given under similar circumstances. Queens may be introduced into the box hive by another process, in October or November, after the queen is done Soe THE ITALIAN OR LIGURIAN BEE, laying, or at any time ‘when there is no brood in the combs from which to rear queens. Drive out the bees, remove the old queen, and return them. At the end of a week introduce the Italian, and all will be right. If there is any risk of eggs or larvee remaining, keep the bees out of the hive for a weck; keeping the box containing them with a little food, in the cellar or any safe place, till it is too late to rear a queen from their own means; then return them, and at the proper time introduce the queen. I will give a method by which, with only one movable comb-hive, a small apiary may be Italianized in one season. Firstly, introduce an Italian queen into a colony occupy- ing such hive. Drive out all the bees of some good stock into an empty hive, and set this on the stand. Take the hive from which the bees were driven, with its contents, to the stand of the one with movable combs. Lift out the combs and shake or brush the bees down by the box-hive, which they will immediately enter. Now take the mov- able comb-hive with contents to the other stand, and put that colony in it, and your colonies have simply traded hives, and each will carry on its usual operations, the same as if it had always been there. The one with movable combs can now be controlled. Aftera few hours, when the bees have become quiet, take out the combs, find and destroy the common queen. In a week cut out all queen cells, and give them an Italian queen, and when she has filled the comb with eggs, four or five days after, this colony may be transferred also. Continue the process until all are changed. The cells cut out being Italian, may be put in the rearing boxes to hatch. .« TRANSPORTING QUEEN. A queen with a handful of bees can, with proper care, be sent safely one thousand miles by express. To pack PURCHASING STOCKS AND TRANSPORTING BEES. 333 her properly, have a box just a little larger in length and depth than one of the small frames in the rearing boxes; width about two inches inside. The bottom should be square; top the width of the box, and held by screws. The comb should be old and tough, and contain honey enough for the journey. CHAPTER XXV. PURCHASING STOCKS AND TRANSPORTING BEES. QUALIFICATIONS FOR AN APIARIAN. If the reader has no bees, and yet has had interest or patience to follow me thus far, it is presumptive evidence that he possesses the perseverance requisite to take charge of anapiary. He must, however, remember the inevitable anxieties and perplexities, and the amount of time that proper care requires, as well as the advantages and profit. But if he is disposed to try the experiment, some initiatory directions may very likely be acceptable. LUCK. The apparent uncertainty of success in bee-keeping has encouraged a general belief in the old tradition of “luck,” and in no particular must the ‘‘fickle dame” be conciliated so much, as in the manner of obtaining the bees. Concerning this important operation, there seems to be a variety of opinions. One will assert that favor is secured by stealing one or two stocks to begin with, and returning them at some future time. Another, a little more conscientious perhaps, says, that you must take them without Jiderty, but leave an equiva- lent in money on the stand. 334 PURCHASING STOCKS AND TRANSPORTING BEES. A third assures us, that the only way to secure an effectual charm, is to exchange sheep for them; and a fourth affirms that bees must always be a gift. ‘These methods have all been recommended to me, with gravity enough to make an impression. But another method has been discovered, which works very well, and that is, when you want bees, go and buy © them, and pay for them, in dollars and cents, or some other equivalent. And you need not depend on any mysterious charm, for success,—if you do, I can but pre- dict failure. It is true that a few believers in “luck” will occasionally prosper, but it must be the result of accident, for where the true principles of management are not ob- served, how can it be otherwise? It is a saying with © some that “ one man can have luck but few years at once,” and others, none at all, although he tries the whole routine of charms. Thirty years ago, when my respected neigh- bor predicted a “turn in my luck, because it was always so,” I could not understand the force of the reasoning, unless it belonged to the nature of bees to deteriorate, and consequently run out. I at once determined to as- certain the truth for myself. T could understand how a farmer would often fail in raising his crops, if he depended on chance or luck, in- stead of upon the fixed principles of nature. It seemed to me quite possible-that the same reasoning would apply to the culture of bees. I observed that in good seasons the majority of bee-keepers were “lucky,” and in poor seasons, the reverse; and when two or three of the latter occurred in succession, they always “lost their luck.” It was evident then, that if my bees could by any means survive the poor seasons, they would do well enough in good ones. The result has given me but little reason to complain. My advice therefore, is, that reliance be placed on PURCHASING STOCKS AND TRANSPORTING BEES. 335 ‘proper management, alone, and that all superstitious no- tions of propitiating some mystic power be thrown to the winds.* It is quite common for beginners to take bees “on shares” as it is termed; it is a cheap way to begin, and there is no risk of loss in capital. The general rule is this: one or more stocks are taken for a termof years, the person taking them, finding hives and boxes, and bestowing the necessary care, and re- turning the old stocks to the owner, with half the increase - and half of the annual profits. Yet, if bees prosper, the interest on the money paid for them is a mere trifle compared to the value of the increase, and there is the same trouble. On the other hand, the owner can afford to take care of a few hives more, for the half of the profits which he has to give, if another takes them. There are yet a few persons-who refuse to sell a colony of bees, because it is “bad luck.” There is often a foun- dation for this notion. Suppose a person has half a dozen hives, three extra good—the others, the opposite. He sells the three good ones, for the sake of the better price; there is but little doubt but his “luck” will go too. But had he sold the poorer ones, the result would doubtless have been very different. But sometimes apiarians have more bees than they wish too keep, and such are the ones of which to buy. Purchasers seldom want any but first-rate stocks—such are generally cheapest in the end. » * T receive scores of letters, detailing the continued success of the writers, till they can count their colonies by hundreds, arising from the adoption of a common sense method of management, 306 PURCHASING STOCKS AND TRANSPORTING BEES. PURCHASE THE BEST. , Firstly then, select first-class stocks; it will make but little difference whether they are obtained in fall or Spring, if winter management is understood. I have al- ready said that the requisites for winter were, a numer- ous family and plenty of honey, and that the cluster of bees should extend through nearly all the combs. AVOID DISEASED STOCK, To avoid diseased brood, make your purchases, if pos- sible, in an apiary where it has not made its appearance. There are some who have lost bees from this cause—and yet were totally ignorant of the fact. It is well there- fore, to inquire if any stocks have been lost, and trace out the cause, being careful not to mistake the immedi- ate occasion a the loss, for the penuany one—which may be disease. OLD STOCKS NOT OBJECTIONABLE. If you are satisfied that there is no foul brood, you need not object to stocks two or three years old, they are as good and sometimes better than others, especially if they have swarmed the season previous, because such always have young queens, which are said to be more prolific than the old ones, which are nearly always found in first swarms. When no apiary from which to purchase can be found except those in which the disease prevails, you cannot be too cautious in making a selection. It would be saf- est in this case to take none but young swarms, as it is very uncommon for any to be affected the first season. Old stocks are as prosperous as any, as long as they are healthy, but they are more liable to become diseased than young swarms. If you are not allowed to take all young stocks, ex- PURCHASING STOCKS AND TRANSPORTING BEES. 337 amine them in pretty cold weather, as the bees will be farther up among the combs, and give an opportunity for inspecting them. About November, all the healthy brood will be hatched. Sometimes a few young bees may be left that have matured, and have been chilled by sudden cold weather, but these are not diseased— the bees will remove them the next season, and no bad results will follow. In warm weather, a satisfactory in- spection can be made, only with the use of smoke. Be particular to reject all that are affected with the disease in the least; do without, rather than begin with such. (A full description of the disease has been given in Cuap. XIv.) A neighbor once purchased thirteen hives; six were old ones, the others swarms of the previous season. He probably knew nothing of foul brood, and as the old hives were heavy, he thought them good, but five of the six were badly affected. Four were a total loss, except the honey; the fifth lasted through the winter, and then had to be transferred. He had flattered himself that they were obtained very cheaply, but when he estimated the cost of the good ones, he found no great reason for congratulation. Another point is worthy of consideration: endeavor to get hives as near the right size as possible, (viz.) 2000 cubic inches,—better too large than too small. If too large, they may be cut off, leaving them the proper size, although this often makes the shape ungainly. But as the shape probably makes no difference in the prosperity of the bees, when extremes are avoided, the appearance is the eeeae objection.* * A hive may be cut off with very little trouble inacold day. Turnit over— the bees will soon find it too cold to venture out—mark it the right size, and saw it off, Lift off the piece, and trim off the combs even with the bottom of the hive. Use smoke to drive the bees from the ends of the combs, 308 PURCHASING STOCKS AND TRANSPORTING BEES. TRANSPORTING BEES. In transporting your bees, avoid, if possible, the two extremes of very cold, or very warm weather. In the latter the combs are so nearly melted, that the weight of the honey well bend them, bursting the cells, spilling the honey, and besmearing the bees. In very cold weather, the combs are brittle, and easily detached from the sides of the hive. When it is necessary to move them in winter, they should be put up an hour or two before starting. The agitation of the bees on being disturbed will create considerable heat, which imparted to the combs, will make them less brittle. Have ready some carpet tacks, and pieces of thin muslin about half a yard square. Invert the hive, put the cloth over, neatly folded and fastened with a tack at the corners, and another in the middle of each side. Crowd the tack in about two-thirds of its length; it is then convenient to pull out when required. If the bees are to be taken some distance, and must be confined for several days, the muslin will hardly be sufficient, and wire-cloth must be substituted. New comb will break more easily than old. Probably the best mode of conveyance is in a wagon with elliptic springs. A wagon without springs is bad, especially for young stocks; yet I have known them to be moved safely in this way with care in packing hay or straw under and around them, and careful driving. When there is good sleighing, a sleigh will answer very well, and some prefer this method of transportation. Whatever conveyance is employed, the hive should be inverted. The combs will then rest on the top, and are less liable to break than when right end up, because in the latter case the whole weight of the combs must come upon the fastenings at the top and sides, and these are easily broken, PURCHASING STOCKS AND TRANSPORTING BEES. 339 It is considerable trouble to prepare the movable comb hive to be turned over, yet for long journeys, it is abso- lutely necessary. Put sticks on each side of each comb, in about two places, to hold it steady, (see directions for transferring combs in Cuap. xrx,) then lay on the top of the frames, cross-wise, thin strips to hold them in place —and fasten on the honey board with screws. Turn the hive over, and cover the bottom with wire- cloth. With proper care they may besent by Rail Road one thousand miles. I can devise no convenient way of fastening the combs in hives that have permanent bot- tom-boards, such as Mr. Langstroth and some others use. Some other patent hives, like Mr. Hazen’s, cannot be inverted for transportation. Such must of necessity be carried right side up. : I sometimes transport movable comb hives in this manner for very short distances, but with much fear of breakage. When I send off a colony of Italians, I dare not risk them thus. . When bees are moved, thus inverted, they will creep upward; in stocks part full, they will often nearly all leave the combs and get upon the covering. In a short time after being set up, they will return, except in very cold weather, when a few will sometimes . freeze, consequently, they should be put in a warm room for a short time. After carrying them a few miles the disposition to sting is generally gone. When bees are confined in moderate weather, they manifest a persevering determination to find their way out, particularly after bemg moved, and somewhat disturbed. I have known them to bite holes through muslin in three days. The same difficulty is often experienced in attempting to confine them to the hive, by cloth, when in the house in winter. Should any combs become broken, or detached from 340 CONCLUSION. their fastenings, by moving, rendering them liable to fall when set up, the hive may remain inverted on the stand, till warm weather if necessary, and the bees have fastened them, which they will do soon after commencing work in the spring. If they are so badly broken that they bend over, rolls of paper should be put between them to preserve the proper distance, till secured. While the hive is inverted it is essential that there is a hole in the side, through which the bees may work. A board should fit closely over the bottom, and be covered with a roof to effectually exclude all water, etc. When they com- mence making new combs it is time to turn the hive right end up. : CHAPTER XXXVI. CONCLUSION. In conclusion I would say that the apiarian who has followed me attentively, and has added nothing of value to his stock of information, possesses an enviable ex- perience. It has been said, that “three out of five who commence - bee-keeping must fail;” but we must suppose that the fault arises from ignorance or inattention, and is not in- herent in the bees. To the beginner, then, I would say: if you expect to succeed in obtaining one of the most delicious of sweets for your own consumption, or its equivalent value in dollars and cents, you will find some- thing more to be requisite than merely “holding the dish to catch the porridge.” ‘SEE YOUR BEES OFTEN,” and and know at all times, their actual condition. This one precept is worth more than all others that can be given; CONCLUSION. 241 it stands at the head of all the duties of the apiarian. Even the grand secret of successful resistance to the worms “KEEP YOUR BEES STRONG’ is subordinate to this. With proper and persevering application of the above motto, you cannot fail to realize all reasonable expecta- tions. Avoid over-anxiety for a rapid increase; be satisfied with one good swarm from a stock annually— your chances of future success are better than with a sudden increase of numbers. You will probably be obliged to discard some extravagant ideas of profits from the apiary. Yet you will find one stock trebling, per- haps quadrupling its price or value, in products, while one beside it does nothing. In particularly favorable seasons your stocks collectively will yield a profit of one or two hundred per cent,—in others hardly make a return for trouble.- I have known the proceeds of a single co- lony in one season to amount to $35.00; and an apiary of ninety stocks to produce over $900, some of which added not a farthing to the amount. A bee-keepcr in an adjoining county reports a profit of $1,800 from one hundred and thirty hives in a single season. ‘The proper estimate can be made only after a number of years, when, if they have been judiciously managed, and your anti- cipations have not been too extravagant, you will be fully satisfied. I do not wish to induce any one to begin bee-keeping, and relinquish it in disgust and disappointment. But I would encourage all suitable persons to try their skill in bee-management. I say suitable persons, because there are many, very many, not qualified for the charge. The careless, inattentive man who leaves his bees un- noticed from October till May, is the one who will be likely to complain of want of success. Whoever cannot find time to give his bees the needed care, but can spend an hour a day in gossiping at the 342 CONCLUSION. neighboring bar-room, is unfit for this business. But how can he, who has a home, and finds his interest divided be- tween that and the idle attractions of the tavern, and - wishes to withdraw from unprofitable associates, employ his time with a better prospect of success than im the care of bees? They make ample returns for every attention. And the gain may not be altogether pecuniary. A great many points in their natural history are yet undiscovered, and the truth of many others disputed. Would it not be a source of satisfaction to be able to contribute a few more facts upon this interesting subject, and thus hold a share in the general fund of scientific knowledge ? Granting all the mysteries pertaining to their economy to be discovered and elucidated, precluding all necessity of further investigation, would the study be dry and mo- notonous? On the contrary, the daily verification of es- tablished facts would be so fascinating and instructive, that we could not avoid a sentiment of pity for the condi- tion of that man who finds gratification only in the gross and sensual. It has been remarked that “he who cannot find in this and other branches of natural history a salutary exercise for his mental faculties, inducing a habit of observation and reflection, a pleasure so easily obtained, unalloyed by any debasing mixture—tending to expand and harmonize his mind, and elevate it to conceptions of the majestic, sublime, serene and beautiful arrangements instituted by the God of Nature, must possess an organization sadly deficient, or be surrounded by circumstances indeed. la- mentable.” I would recommend the study of the honey- bee, as one best calculated to awaken the interest of the indifferent. What can arrest the attention like their or- ganism—their diligence in collecting stores for the future —their secretion of wax and formation of it into struc- tures with a mathematical precision astonishing the pro- CONCLUSION. 043 foundest philosophers—their maternal and fraternal affec- tion in regarding the mother’s every want, and assiduous care in nursing her offspring to maturity, and their un- accountable display of instinct in emergencies, filling the beholders with wonder and amazement? ‘The mind thus contemplating such wondrous operations, cannot avoid looking beyond these results to their Divine Author, Therefore let every mind that receives one ray of light from nature’s mysterious transactions, and is capable of deriving the least enjoyment therefrom, pursue the path still inviting onward. Every new acquisition will yield an additional satisfac- tion and renewed courage for the next attempt which will be made with a constantly increasing zest; and he will arise from the contemplation, a wiser, better, nobler being; far superior to those who have never looked beyond mere animal gratifications. rs Is there in the whole circle of nature’s exhaustless store- house, any one science more inviting, more refining, and more exalting than this? INDEX. A ACEP PUDIUIM......cceececccsceseees weleeeius Se SACCHDATINUM ae slo ele wiose/o cele SOae ao 9 After-swarms, How issuing.........+..- 178 ne Queens Of... co. 6 alto “ Leaving hive... ...... . 179 iy Not choosing weather. .179 & Size of, etc.........5.... 175 tf To return them......... 180 Alder, Common or Candle......... sboe-t) AInNUS S€rrulata........cecceeeecee awe 8 Alsike or Swedish White Clover....... 81 6 Lost ON SNOW....seceec cree rece 12.000 “ Manner of feeding. ..124, 126, 127, 129 _ © Nature of........-0-8- BS abet ot Ransee Rea y, Italianizing HIKE noosobodeucodod 322 “Necessary to insure a Crop....... 91 i) SERB Cian ctzag bi paccetaots 100 | « wWNecessities Of......4.+.+ ieren e048 Location marked........ Spvono! lp “ ine 7 yl PSST aS Fins Paralyzing........++..+ sreistels}els Setee tl z 2 fe eisie Oe “ Protection against........ ..-.0..227 Asclepias Cornuti.,.............. . 82 “ Rough treatment of young...... 95 PAS DOT eevieteluisicisishstetclelertictelntelelecste slaleieicisteletersi= 13 *)) “Garacity Of. ..-.cecc ne eeeee B “ Starvation of, in winter. “Sting of..........65 gees Basswo0d.........0.- apndondsopE seen e838, 99 Swarming Of........- sees Bee, Italian or Ligurian.. ..225, 308, 311, 818 “ Terms applied to young...... se Disposition Of............5 314 s Transferring... .......e.-6 259, 260, “262 ie Ct MESUT TU Ys OLeretcteisietsielalelestelereiers 318 S i advantages of....... 294 a “ Robbing Propensities of..313 “ Transporting. .......+...ee0+-8d0, 835 bY SESW ALIMNIN CY Often secleuelicoLO 6% Warm room for. .........0---seeee 294 Bee-bread in drone cells..... ....++-.4+ 94 Water for..........00-0e os oe eertOey ROR Bee-charms..... ......7: DEAN IRE IER 225 “When boxes are taken off........141 Ree OUBESeeaee ee nencissiciisctasts ri dade 11 “ ‘When no swarm issues.. ....... . 35 ‘ Unprofitable........... ... 107 G6 WANT TIN Geiecle erence cee nfeleiwieisiele 2. 284 Bee-mOth yn cca oiler me oats Natacsietatt 129, 234 : oc after scarcity ofhoney 274 Bee-pasturag cseceeceetessececceeieise 76 a sf Cellar for... . 7... 5... 295 Bees, INEGNGSE daanodasdboneseaddsaousdoded 201 $ ry Straw-hive for...... po ( INDERIP WI? HacbucaboodooooaGcOAdeGG 221 “With dysentery...... Beanies 16 28E MBP AETLES OL soe ctistel eee G anhidacaesing 421 | Bottom board, Inclined...............- 50 “ Before young commence labor.. 26 Box, Making holes in when full....... 187 “ Black, for nurses........... el 826 SV ESL Mp leeie icici sielelvloreisieielsisie\ejvlolelsiais oe BOS SOS PY IN Oy eeetecent-te at arnt ve vseeees 299 | Boxes, Advantage of glass......... +e. A939 Bees, Driving in cold weather......... 207 ‘Enemies Of.2....-.00.60-- Seupesae eRe “ Bqualization Of.........ssereceee 120 Examination Of-i-.ccxeese Yi 49) So" Peedin ge? Of. oo wepjen ese ere eaal 273 “For raising QUeENS........25- 2001829 SS OUSIN Oy:,. fxs Sak eek eee nile) Ee aie seeoO “ How they attack...........--- oor eerd sf “ “to get rid of....... specdcdode 141 ‘* Tmprovyement of,.... anita ceperineole © Injuring grain........... ei leciseteete 89 «In moth-webs. .....--.e6- 002 20ly ROO 6) TSSUINE 00. c ec ec weeneescnye aeieelets LO «Killing INDEX. Boxes, Putting on and taking off.......185 “Too easy of access...........-5. 138 “To prevent queen entering....139 See D TAN SLELN CAs teieic ciel vise uaa badsh oo 193 “When to take off. 22 jcc. 2erice 140 Breeding and physiology............... 22 ss In large and small colonies.. 23 Brood, Best time for..... pa danDas ranALaS 327 Sem IS CASCC cic sisicieiatcsiniecielareies PusgeneeelO “ “ cause and remedy,....212 G a description of.....211, 216 ve cf examination of........ 218 eae se Mr. Wagner’s view of..217 “¢ When they begin to rear....... 22 IBSTICI WHC AU ccs .iciosisevlscise reins siecinse Gono. BS WUEOM-DALT. cate nterela cieite(s'e wlcie sucishictctslatsleeicle 88 c WADING encircles eceacs cassie ceteesceoO Catnip............ cobb bodobosscuubeoen meso lOO) Cells, Containing honey for daily us use.. 95 SP eOICLOUMES se cieaicalce cisions ROL oC MOM Tearing QUeeNS se cccexscwce rt) Some UTITOMIMILY Olesisictseccteine cinco meses 252 Cephalanthus occidentalis...... ....... 88 Chamberhive.....0..50.0..5-..66 ATGOBBR 49 Cherry, Wild..... opdoSabaen nosasabcocKDG 79 Chickens eat drones... eee... ccc eee 280 Chrysalis...... SbdpdonooadoRadensaspabanes 27 ClO eran cce se eG CHORMNOuS Renal 80, 81, 99 Clustering bushes: .......5.....:.cccseee 161 Colonies, Deserting when destitute....124 ot IMClinedsto robles ses e es 267 se Selecting for winter.......... 266 ss Sizerolecmcccscecescsisene caters 285, se Wihtentto feedice se ace qudauop 124 Conclusion. e532) wesc e es ce en's bateonose 340 Comb, Commencement of......... eaeis eee © Constructed as needed..,....... 96 “ Crooked..... ApdoObHobotaRe 250 “Melting of.. 2254 “« Removing.... 2219 Straight. <....2...-.. po08e5006 +000 D Dandelion..... GOndsOOS Diervilla trifida....... sloletcielajatelstereleeiste) siete EDISCASE Ss cmesicie ss sisieiesfeieicelsls aiefeisieteleroes ele ‘© Cause and remedy......... ecole Le, * Description of........ Rflsinioleyeiere are 211 “ Mannex of spreading... 216 . * Mr. Wagner's view of.......... ras Diseased brood, Knowledge of.........220 Drone and worker-combs..............191 Drone cells...... derefosifeters ate roles slayer Beene PD TOMEC-COMD vee iieisis/sisielsieeiclectecteeieniae wee 0L9D Drone-combs, TOO Many..........+00 00192 1* 345 Drone eggs, Theories about unimpreg- nated.......... Cito shies 39, 40 “ 6 COLON YSLOR. Siiccectsvicie csieretejois pooad “ Destroyed before swarming.... 33 “ Eaten by chickens............+. 23 SEEN COCEG .:sineitveciectafeisciolasicenstsacte S62 NUMID CIOL ).0- ocieei corsiete Sewleesinerente (OO “Theories relative tO........:..-+. 36 © When met by queen..........+. 29 StS SWNEM CATE Oi aa ties ieclste/sere tenis 83 se Why sometimes killed,.........152 Dysentery among bees............. Rennes EK Eggs, Number laid by queen...... 20000, SL “ Of drones, When laid..... We ele 100 s° When they. hatch. .c..c.088 20 Ee Feeding, A last resort.... 2. 122 ss Carein....... cbuoda Ueeeneciielao se Mannernofecesiccsrcee sbascoenal el) a Object ofssaestiesersceseeses 127 40 Promiscuous............ Bodcoey) oe When best......... wielste sissies te: ae Refuse honey,.......seseee++e QOL Flowers of fruits................- eat) ws Yielding pollen first.... do. tis) Fruit flowers, Important....... Sot) Fumigator...... BaSOHOS Sancoaosacecducccs 271 G Glass boxes, Advantage of............-.109 Grub yececiseriiele ppasood Saiatelavclsersicne +2 20 Guide-comb......,.....- acileleveleieielelelereld -. 64 EH Hamamelis Virginiana............+20+- 86 SEN Accessibility Of......:...0..000 += 200 Chambericrricccissclceisie's Seoooscao0 CY) so Changeable... ccccees SO «DL * Common box..... soaoaer das 58, “61, “304 “ Dividing..... spodobobuDS Speba50 00 SCOMEMATIN CLS cet ecctersteiateteciericeleeiseieicls 57 “ In cold weather..... SoC seonac Ks se ettaliani Zino. GOe DOR ctaceeeesenie 330 “© Moth-proof. . is caisiclelesleinice OTeLOe on MAOELNE comb.. mreleleiete(ohestelovetote sociqe se 00 sf : How made.. . 68 G oe “ To use. 17, 191, “194 6 NON-SWATMEY. ..c.ceseccerceeese-+ OU $6 ODSETVAtOTY.......c0cceeeceeeoeies UD “ Of straw, for winter........... 346 Hive, Proper Size Ofsv. sje’ sisleev'e's sie eet ee DS S- Setting out......c. au05 weno Ss) Suspended... ic. sieces « . 50 “ Top of, not fastened... - 62 Ventilating... 03.2... . 54 IVES eceisises Biale char chataielerere late olsneis elotoicietelaisis 46 SUB ESU: COVED MTOR: aac detslemicsilensiale iets 107 “ Certificates and premiums for.... 47 &: Cheap stand: fori sccikes diseacne se 104 “ Desirabilities of...... diabadaotcscd 65 “ Discovery about...... eleteein Neel 49. “ Furnished for trial..... RiNeaer as cts 48 SS Housed! for, Winters cies eeteskvitie +o 167 “ Making holes in when full....... 293 SS No patent Lote tecasw@eeweece s+. 6 46 % Of different COlOTS8.:. ec... ese cece h09 SELIM CLDLESHOR. aoe cateneaeileta Boe) “ Remedy when crowded.... SOC LUM SHOUD sieve tielcierss ae CO ISTBENG Weta oh Disses SEMIN eke | ae Should De TEAAY s.cic.j00 eis cine 154 i DACE DELWECN ss ccnle ce ces Shewelsiee OS rea OLE UW iia ctelercoieis Nemelsren Meosacoon . 300 pohieeliO O eh a Nees crectreyee «105 “ With inclined bottoms.. . 50 soot VWWLONTOS TVA saiaceesieisfessiine veces senda Hoarhoun di 2308 cas ee civrcis nicjere . 80 Hollyhock.cecccoee: AB GOnbASS . 8 Honey-boxeS:.2 i. seeccece Bae) ee Uo ETANSLOLNE Ose. seetciete sles +2193 Honey and wax, Straining..............27 se BESt SCASOMSLOMs Misvesivcisie sis set ee 96 Cease DISCHAY SING Lye aecerecicleile ae. 94 ‘«« Distance bees will go for....... 100 “Feeding refuse............ 22 ASL “From buckwheat... Boo teh) ERO MEO CIS WALI iets ra/eteieteistalstel el 250 “In boxes in the hiye..... ...... 192 ea elnu Cell spor allyguse@rrsceceiisicelertoo “« Principal sources of.. “Substitute for......... qT Somme IRI OMALIS tratemtercarcieite wcloiesiciteciatctersats "9 “To secure from worms......... 143 Honey-dew......... aaeielseials ita rate alee Rep tes) Honeysuckle, Bush.............0:- Pi deic MOL I Introductory..... sdoocadesacebaroouakeaa: els K King-bird, A word for......ccccaveeeee 0229 L TEATVas 4. ae tede eos ad saga dodccs pabesounn 66 OU TUS VAIO cen cistenforchcieiole tte caadesseoadonan 24 Leonurus Cardiaca.....ccccccercecssees OU Leucanthemum vulgare.......eeeeeeees Ol Linaria vulgaris.......cesccessesseceeees GL | Pupa... Tn den’. iracaainccilliatclan oa Wola ROL Liriodendron Tulipifera....... OAS. Seseesa) Locust...:.. Paes pdasrauunadpoobodaee. 7) M Making box-hives........ selecilebiiaxcte cured Ol: -hHhoney-boxes..... Uistalcismrcrlelersiers 63 “movable comb-hives........... 68 MBM OWS sense sisce ones Maeineisioce AGp65. tt) Malva rotundifolia sielotels Be cloe cioeee Beetle) Maples Redis.'<.ctastedeons Badgcwascaosd 78 fo Sugareac a Marrubium/vyulgare,....... Babeoogacodts 80 Metheglin and vinegar... ......c0. teens 281 MICO rctcictecigstec's sanbed naeihtiolesteenncrs salentesie 304 Mice and rats..... HBnaouEGenboce Aer) MignOmettes vaca uesiesicicereseretnctne Suook: tls Milkweed, Singular fatality of. . 82 Moth..... Heieaitciicaneninene sioieceavejsle peiteioon 5+ DESLEUGCLION Olam oneeaaecmeceias 224d SIN NLV.eSe cer aodnes 243 sv Remedies for-.) sa. é .. 44 «Where deposits its eggs. Bow agaererics 236 Moth-proof hives..... aokpsowda te ...d4, 134 Moth-worm, Destruction of.... ....... +e Found in best stocks......12 3 Fears the bees........ 130 of How destroyed..... wldL Wy In centre of comb.. ceeot: In old stocks.......... 2000 239 ce Bize (OL. Sanaeewesenoeeies 240 ‘ Troubles small colonies. .181 Motherwort....... seivensistaraions pislefaletslaiatetelsie 80 Mustard 84 N Nepeta Cataria........ .... aBRBoece Raton! ANFY TID DIN siefels suevercistetere cteietets Conic tietenie Badorocds. ey oO Ox-eye, Daisy............ Lae eeneR eae elenoL Pe Pasturage for bees...............00- Scare Physiology and breeding...:.... AuaaSe 22 BlAnt-lOUSC se. inc =. cielec/eisiejewteriisteler Seseitce Pollen, flowers yielding first:........... 78 “Manner of discharging........ . 94 “Manner of packing............. V7 & Substitute Lory. ces ceisealee cee 16 “Two kinds in one cell.......... 92 Populus tremuloides.......... pacanron ae 13) BrOpolis spn cuactew cect cset ls « Abundance of tO Wax InSteadiOr ena. .uccteilainets 257 IPRUDID Sy. cecevicincaerets Prunus serotina....... Se ny INDEX. 347 Q ] Queen, Age and office Of.........00.055 4g | Salix Vitellina......... ccc sees eee ee II) OO Description Pay ies Ar ona biti Baaly) SHAG... sees ee eiesese eee eee eee ee nee ee B05 “Finding black....... vesecessaeee399 | Silkweed, Singular fatality of..... sesee 82 “ Introduction of.........++++..-.829 | Simapis nigra....... . 84 “Leaves hive to meet drone..29,196 | Skunk-Cabbage.. tees viene B so Maturing Of......sccssceeecevees 27 SMOKED Go. chee nlag doe casio cals leek 6 Number of eggs will 1ayisaceae. 80 Snap-dragon... ofe'e’elerale aieateoannsoeen choeelet OL 6 One destroys others PS AS vee e 184 SOITCL. 1.0. .cessseeseeseceersen esses eeeee 80 “ Piping Of eececsecccccineea. esl Spiders..... stereletetetelaiee Sead avidaune coe cen eok “Presence Of.....2+.+++++ +32 93, 331 | Stand for hives, Cheap............+.++.+.104 “ Question about her leaying....196 Sting of bee....... LSieees Aecashad Rioteleisters 226 “ Regard of workers for.. 18 Stings, Remedy LOPS EAS eeccece 22% “ Similarity of eggs with orice! 98 Stocks, Causes of weakness..... Kopond -268 “ Time to lay C2g8..u.5.0c0e0e0- 193 “How many to Keep............ 9 “ ‘Transporting the................882 =. Old not objectionablenss215.3536 ss When the old leaves...... ..85, 153 2 Purchasing BOCOOOD abogoooGKOOeeeeS ‘“ Young takes place of the old Requisites OLS hase soesees oes 263 ONC Secisenct cies weise.sivierne/acjeinisaten eon UDI See eee eee ce eee ee 21S Queen-cells, Introduction of.......... 190 “Uniting poor.....-......4......269 “ Artificial ........ Baar aE Her 38 Straining honey and wakx........ Sonuao 209 - 66 Black bees nurses fOTs se occ 0+e B26 SUMACH ee rersitcidaseescee ns RECROBHOSDNe RS te. Queens, cells for rearing....u...2..0+5 . 29 Swarm-Clusters.........sceccccscees Hapa kOo BEeveat Hefore: swarming... 33 | SWarm, honey from one........ seen e en 2200 “ aying,. SONA cg eae 94 | Swarming........ st eeeee ees sent eeceee ee L46 66 Loss of.. ian wna}, 200, 203 wp HOW tO Othe... ccc edee LOD he Loss of Fav remedy........201, 203 ss Indications of... serpeeees 148, 154 fr Mixing Of isos Sinan 90% ons S2l 7, RTA er POSH ESA) “ Obtaining bees for............ 325 os Preparations for...... g++ +220, 150 Sie Ovaries Olver atc ecten GS eA “When commences............147 “ Raising and introducing...... 393 Swarms, HMB uniting.......... GodaAcou ter « Reared in swarming hives.... 33 = troublesome........... -182 “ Replacing...... Sonnbonaosoodca My is “rule for........ teveee es ABB * Time of leaving................199 i “how issuing. .......-.-. 178 “To obtain bees for.............325 ¥ _ number of queens of. .179 * Variations in color of...,......319 % “not choosing weather..179 SOMME WICMOEt Cc acess. essasseresveec106 : 7, UNE S HERON Nap Th se “to return them,........180 a SmRSIZCVOL SCLC sacle siicierefersie liad) R “Artificial... 6 ERS +o 0185 oo se perplexities with....185 RATS ANGIMICE auiiel ceilsecpcississiore seacseee a a WOLK Wellitases see slene 186 PLCC COV Elirecielelsisiriciecioisie'siclsiclelcicisicieeieccie OO sf s first experience with.186 Red Raspberry...........0008 80 oe how to make....... 188 Removing combs....... dd500 ooccomsnodetk) ch placing stands for. ..189 Renewing COMDS...........-ecceeeeveeeeQlO Hn ss queen-cell for........190 RESCH AOAOLALA ccsvsiselciccccceleesseisese CO bt ¢ drone-combs for....191 mnustslaprareecsccecdse sce Ghodoonnosoadestes st Re with movable combs Robbers, when to look out for..........116 ep ameees degeleis «-..191, 194 “ First indication of............117 G Choosing weather. secenee LT4, 1705 s Remedies for..........00.c.e0-.118 se Clustering bushes for..........161 Robbing, Not understood....... opoooco!b} se Driving in cold weather......207 se Difficulty in deciding........117 ss First enough............. eee 16D Wy Weak colonies in danger of..115 s How far they will go..........164 Ropiniapeseudaciazcccensmecdencestieen to G) How to divide......... poosonpo att Rubus strigosus;........i..scccseeescees OO RumexX Acetosella....c,ccecsecesesseeee GO a How to keep separate........166 G Loss of, by flight.........,.. 182 348 Swarms, Second, size of...........- apace ee se when expected....... 1%5 Ss Selecting a home.............. 164 | a Shade important for.......... 160 | se Should all be made to enter. .159 ef Sometimes return,..........+ 178 “ Times of issuing..........--- 177 ce To divide in movable comb- MUUVCS ara cincsiciesisctesssisinin cies aly ia ee To put in movable comb- hives.... ° Water necessary for D When on the wing ne When they issue...........65- 151 Swedish white Clover or Alsike....... 81 Symphoricarpus foetidus.............+ . 8 T Theory, Mr. Wagner’s, of drone-eggs... 39 “ "Mr. Harbison’s, dO............. 40 Tilia AMeCYVICADD......-eeeeeeeee Beteigieis\s 83 WMoyiKeSAGancouda pooogas Beara ete cuokelsiclereis casiete 2B1 TOAG-AK. cise sicccecie Bonpooo50 abnonueesda 8 Transferring DCCS......ceeececscnees 259-262 Transporting bees......... Be peheccce +2008 st QUCED. 0... cecereeeseree ee sOUd Vv Vinegar and metheglin.......-..0.++04 281 j woe B04, 285 Waspy D1ack........cccccccrcesceence eee ROR asthe Becoacseed “ Abundance of......... Ae vrais eyelets 258 “ Honey consumed for............-- 53 sO O Wi ODtaile dines cascroceisine ceils 246 “ Instead of propolis..........0.000- 257 SEIS EN TUK 9 ee an clclel ste eereectetietetraesteterels 282 EUPIA SLE Cues ee tcicts ciserstelisetatcrettstelche 251, 282 White clover....... NPB GOUON BN ONGUa! coo 80 Wihite-Wo00Gces2e crewed sconce see bites 83 Witch-hazel, Unusual secr etion of..... 86 SWilllOWiScelcsc cients cies nate aterercta Packs 8, 85 se Golden... -.....602 sa nraerslom deisierels "9 Wintering bees)... 0.02... cee cee cee 284, 295 8 “ Building for...... ee eeoS ae “ Straw-hives for......... 73 Worker and queen-eggs....,.... --..0 28 Workers....... ata wa cla aietereletstae isos iaints Baiciavers 19 ca Aste eieiscele 19 Worm, Destruction of..... RAR AACING EL MR tte isle 289 Se WAH) Menem aHSncooBabHuECOULSS 240 Worms, How they get in....... Waters 144 “ — Incentre of comb..............23 oar AMNUINIVES aspera DE aioe twee 243 M6 SRURENT CC Ys LOM. zissariere crelcrcelelate 145, 244 “To secure honey from.........143 Wren, Box f0r......scccccecececseccessslod THE MODERN HORSE DOCTOR: CONTAINING PRACTICAL OBSERVATIONS “ON THE CAUSES, NATURE, AND TREATMENT OF DISEASE AND LAMENESS IN HORSES EMBRACING THE MOST RECENT AND APPROVED METHODS, ACCORDING TO AN ENLIGHTENED SYSTEM OF VETERINARY THERAPEUTICS, FOR THE PRESERVATION AND RESTORATION OF HEALTH, WITH ILLUSTRATIONS. By GEORGE H. DADD, M. D., VETERINARY SURGEON, aSHOR OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE HORSE, AND THE REFORMED CATTLE DONTOD TWELFTH THOUSAND, “NEW-YORE: ORANGE JUDD & CO., 41 PARK ROW 1866. THE GRAPE: GUL TUS A TREATISE ON THE CULTIVATION OF THE NATIVE GRAPE ANDREW S. FULLER, PRACTICAL HORTICULTURIST. Price, $1 50. SENT BY MAIL, PREPAID, ON RECEIPT OF THE PRIOE. NEW-YORK : ORANGE JUDD & CO. 41 PARK ROW. 1866. THE ILLUSTRATED STRAWBERRY CULTURIST: CONTAINING THE HISTORY, SEXUALITY, FIELD AND GARDEN CULTURE OF STRAWBERRIES, FORCING OR POT CULTURE, HOW TO GROW FROM SEED, HYBRIDIZ- ING; RESULTS OF EXTENSIVE EXPERIMENTS WITH SEEDLINGS, AND ALL OTHER INFORMATION NXUESSARY TO ENABLE EVERYBODY TC RAISE THEIB OWN STRAWBERRIES } TOGETHER WITH A FULL DESCRIPTION OF NEW VARIETIES AND A LIST OF THE BEST OF THE OLD SORTS. WITH RECEIPTS FOR DIFFERENT MODES OF PRESERVING, COOKING, AND PREPARING STRAW: BERRIES FOR THE TABLE. FULLY ILLUSTRATED BY Rew und Valuable Gngravings. By ANDREW 8S. FULLER, WPorticulturist, TENTH THOUSAND. Bonbtless God could have made a better = but doubtless God never did.—Izaac Watt", NEW-YORK: ORANGE JUDD & CO., 41 PARK ROW. 1866. DOMESTIC POULTRY: BEING A Practical Creatise PREFERABLE BREEDS OF FARM-YARD POULTRY, THEIR HISTORY AND LEADING CHARACTERISTICS WITH COMPLETE INSTRUCTIONS FOR BREEDING AND FATTEN- ING, AND PREPARING FOR EXHIBITION AT POULTRY SHOWS, Erc., Erc.; DERIVED FROM THE AUTHOR’S EXPERIENCE AND OBSERVATION BY SIMON M. SAUNDERS. OO WER, EVO ea, Slade OS Ar). OO NEW-YORK: ORANGE JUDD & CO., 41 PARK ROW. — 1866. } Se Ls ave HN ey ya ae een. VO Ge ck ene na aie veoh ( ae =a )