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{
om ae oes es 42 j. Brackenridge Clemens,
eres ote ROS oho : Died 1867.
ea es PHILIP P. CALVERT, Ph.D.,: Editor .
; a ce E. T. CRESSON, Jr., Associate Editor.
: HENRY SKINNER, M.D., Sc.D., Editor Emeritus.
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EZRA YT. CRESSON. J. A. G, REBN
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Ent. NEwsS, VOL. XXV. Plate VI.

Dr. GEORGE WILLIAMS PECKHAM.

(Courtesy of the Wisconsin Natural History Soctety.)

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION

ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA.

Vor. XXV.

APRIL, 1914.

No. 4.

CONTENTS:

Muttkowski—George Williams Peck-

Haworth and Record of Parasites

hams MCDA LADssicsacesssieesacs 145 (EL ym) sie os 2 <= 10min dnnisiaaeisieneisies 167
Girault—Overwintered Cocoon Sur- Rohwer—The Nearctic Species of the
viving Forest Fire (Lep.).........+ 148 Hymenopterous Genus Sympha
Banks—Neuroptera and Trichoptera Foerster: <ciece as seeeee setteeesess 168
FLOM COStapRiGae s/n iciee asics) ne oie 149 eet eS Sails a ia
Ellis—New American Bees of the Genus SORE BUT religios2 Linnaeus
: in Rochester, New York, in 1913
1s EIHCUTEN Os hai) Bee poneoogutecanaos 151 (Orthop )icies 1 eee eee ee 178
Girault—Length of the Pupal Stage of Editorial—The Ethics of Publication.. 179
Adalia bipunctata Linn (Col.)..... 155 Girault—Fragments on North Ameri-
Eyerand Menke—Adelocephala bisecta can Insects—VI (Hym., Lep.)....-. 180
(Lepid., Family Ceratocampidae) 156 | Entomological Literature ......-...... 180
Rowley and Berry—1913 as a Catocala Felt—Review of Kieffer’s Cecidomyiidae 185
Year (Lepid.) ........-...--.sse00s 157 Doings of Societies—Amer. Ent. Soc.

Girault—Supposed Diseased Eggs of

(Oxth:, Vep: OGOns rece. scsi eiein's 188

Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis Obituary—Charles S. Welles........... 192

George Williams Peckham, M.D., LL.D.

1845-1914.
(Portrait, Plate VI.)
Fahrt der Blitz aus Wolkenmitte,
Schlagt er wohl die starkste Eiche;
Tritt der Tod in unsre Mitte,
Schlagt den Starksten er zur Leiche.
—Musitkantenfahrt.

On January 10, 1914, Milwaukee’s circle of nature students
lost one of its most prominent members through death. Latent
heart trouble, with an attack of angina pectoris as the immediate
factor, ended the life of Dr. George Williams Peckham, patriot,
educator, scholar and scientist.

Dr. Peckham was born in Albany, New York, on March 23,
1845. In 1853 he came to Milwaukee, where he attended the
public schools and proved himself both mentally and physically

145

146 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ April, °14

a leader of men. At the outbreak of the Civil War he wished
to join the Union ranks, but it was not till 1863 that parental
consent was obtained. Within a month after his enlistment he
was made a sergeant, and later fought with such personal valor
in an artillery regiment, that he was made a first lieutenant at
the age of I9 and placed in charge of a battery.

After the war he went to Antioch College, in Ohio, and later
to the Law School in Albany, New York, where he was admit-
ted to the bar. In 1870 he enrolled in the medical course, at
Ann Arbor, Michigan, being awarded the degree of Doctor of
Medicine in 1872.

Fitted for both the professions of law and medicine, Dr.
Peckham decided to follow neither of the two, but took up
the teaching of Biology in the East Division High School, then
the only one in Milwaukee.

In 1880 he married’ Elizabeth Gifford; and from that period
date practically all of Dr. Peckham’s researches, most of them
collaborations with his devoted wife. Three children, now
living, proved the blessing of their union.

About 1888 Dr. Peckham was appointed principal of the
high school in which he taught. Four years later, in 1891, he
was made Superintendent of Public Instruction, which office
he held till 1897, when he accepted the office of Director of
the Milwaukee Public Library, where he remained till his re-
tirement, in IgIo.

In dealing with the work of Dr. Peckham, we cannot sepa-
rate therefrom the work of his wife and collaborator. From
the time of their marriage these two are inseparably linked in
all phases of their work, in their researches, in their travels,
in their very thoughts. Scientifically, their researches followed
two definite lines—each, in a way, logically the outcome of the
other, that of psychology of spiders and wasps, and that of
taxonomy of spiders.

In taxonomy the Peckhams dwelt exclusively with the
Attidae-group of spiders; the first of their many papers on
the subject appeared early in the eighties and was followed by
annual or biennial contributions of various length, the chief

EE re a

Vol. xxv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 147

of which appeared in the Proceedings, the Occasional Papers
and the Bulletin of the Wisconsin Natural History Society,
and in the Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences,
Arts and Letters.

The earliest contribution on what may be broadly termed
“Animal Psychology” appeared about 1883, in the Journal of
Morphology—a brief treatise on mental powers of spiders.
This was followed by several minor contributions in the publi-
cations of the Wisconsin Natural History Society, on both
wasps and spiders, a larger treatise on Sexual Selection and
Protective Resemblance (18090), and finally, by the epoch-
making work, “On the Instincts and Habits of Solitary Wasps.”
Bulletin No. 2, Wisconsin Geological Survey, pp. 4 & 245,
14 pls., 1808.

It is upon this last-named work that the Peckhams’ chief
claim to fame rests. Based upon years of difficult and la-
borious observations, it bore at once the impress of scientist,
scholar and poet: the scientist analyzed, the scholar synthe-
sized, and the poet idealized. Just as the “Origin of Species”
has its fixed place as a classic of Biological Science, so the
Peckhams’ “Habits of Solitary Wasps” bids fair to become
a classic of, at least, the psychological phase of animal study.

Before this, scientific recognition had come to Dr. Peckham
in the form of the presidency of the Wisconsin Natural His-
tory Society and of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts
and Letters ; in 1896, the University of Wisconsin honored him
with the degree of Doctor of Laws.

The trait of “nature student” dominated in Dr. Peckham’s
life. To this he sacrificed the careers of lawyer and physician ;
to this he sacrificed his vacations and what leisure hours he
could spare from his arduous duties. Dr. Peckham, as the
writer knew him, was a small man, somewhat bent with age,
rheumatism and the close application necessitated by his my-
opia. The scholarly stoop, the silvery white hair, and the mod-
erate gait impressed everyone as attributes of a man who has
made his mark on the world. On public or semi-public occa-
sions the thoroughness and breadth of Dr. Peckham’s infor-

148 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, 14

mation was surprising, even as the modesty and moderation
with which it was put forth won him innumerable friends.
Amiable, moderate, modest, kindly and scholarly,—in these
words his personality is best described.

There is one aspect of his work which is probably very little
known, or if known, appreciated. This is the literary aspect
of his work. ‘For literary attainment among modern writers
I look to Dr. Peckham,” a well-known professor of English
has said to the writer. “For clearness, elegance and simplicity
of style, combined with lucidity and aptness of diction, Dr.
Peckham merits a place among the best of modern literary men,
and certainly one of the very best among scientific men.”

With his retirement, in 1910, Dr. Peckham practically ceased
his scientific labors. It was then his intention, as stated re-
peatedly to the writer, to devote all of his time to his favorite
studies, but the revolutions in Mexico interfered with his
planned investigations in that country, and his severe rheuma-
tism would not permit much outdoor work at Milwaukee. The
year 1910 therefore practically marks the close of Dr. Peck-
ham’s career as educator and scientist.

As stated on a former occasion (Ent. News, 22, p. 460,
1911) Dr. Peckham’s types have been deposited chiefly in the
Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge, while the re-
mainder of his spider collections and the greater part of his
library on spiders have been donated to the Milwaukee Public
Museum.

Although Mrs. Peckham has expressed a contrary intention
to the writer, it is hoped that she will continue the work so well
begun and carried on with her collaboration. To her, the able
wife of an able husband, these meager words are dedicated.

R. A. MutrKowskI, Madison, Wis.

Overwintered Cocoon Surviving Forest Fire (Lepid).

Of several cocoons of Attacus cecropia obtained at Annapolis,
Maryland, during the winter of 1898, one had been exposed to a woods
fire, its outer covering burned off and the next cover very much
scorched. Still the adult emerged the following May in perfect con-
dition. Several others of the same species, obtained the next several
winters, were uninjured—A. A. GIRAULT.

Vol. xxv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 149

Neuroptera and Trichoptera from Costa Rica.
By NatHAN Banks, East Falls Church, Virginia.

Dr. P. P. Calvert sent me for determination a small collec-
tion of these insects which he made in Costa Rica, together
with two specimens given him by Mr. C. H. Lankester. As
few species have ever been recorded from that country, the
following records will be useful.

[I have added a few notes which are enclosed in square
brackets. Most of the specimens will be placed in the Academy
of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia——Puitie P. CaLvert.]

NEUROPTERA.
Corydalis crassicornis McLachl.

Cartago, at the street electric lights in May; Alajuela, Sept.
12, 1909. [According to the late Professor P. Biolley’s “Ele-
mentos de Historia Natural—Zoologia,” San Jose, 1899, the
Costa Rican name for Corydalis is Maria seca, dry Mary.]
Myrmeleon crudelis Walk.

Mangrove swamp, Puntarenas, 2 Feb., 1gro.

Myrmeleon mexicanum Banks.

Gachi;-21 Sept., roro (C. H. Lankester).

Brachynemurus fenestratus Banks, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xxxix,
p. 221, 1913.

In a rice field along the railroad between Turrucares and
Atenas, Dec. 21, 1909. Road from Hac. Guachipelin to Li-
beria, Jan. 17, 1910. The first-named locality is that of the
types of this species which were collected by Prof. J. F. Tris-
tan at the same time.

Colobopterus trivialis Gerst.

Juan Vifias, 3300-3500 ft., June 29, July 30, 1909. [The
specimen of June 29 was on a long freely-hanging vine in the
deep shade of the ravine of the little Rio Naranjo, the posi-
tion assumed being such as to give the insect a most stretched-
out appearance, as antennae, body, wings and hind legs were
held parallel to the vine, the wings folded over the back roof-
wise. On July 30 two of this species were pairing on a branch
over the “farther” waterfall. ]

Ululodes tuberculatus Banks.
Rio Tizate, Turrucares, 23 Dec., 1909.

150 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, 14

Leucochrysa sp.
Cachi, 22 Sept., 1910 (C. H. Lankester), near L. ceratica,

but the basal part of the antennae pale.

Leucochrysa calverti n. sp.

Pale yellowish, face unmarked, basal joint of antenne brown, and
a dark spot at outer tip, rest of antenne pale; a dark spot each side
on pronotum, and on anterior and lateral lobes of the thorax; a dark
spot on the second segment of the abdomen, and another toward tip;
legs pale. Wings hyaline, venation pale, costal end of costals, and
radial end of radial cross veins dark; gradates dark, and faintly bor-
dered, outer forkings dark, dark on cubital cross veins, and a rather
large spot on origin of radial sector; stigma dark; hind wings have
pale venation, stigma and outer cross veins faintly dark.

Pronotum plainly longer than broad, narrowed in front.

Wings of moderate size, fore wings rounded at tip, hind wings
acute; four to six gradates in each series of fore wings, five in each
series in the hind wings; in fore wings the outer gradates are about
as near to the inner as to margin, and inner about as near to radial
sector as to outer row; in hind wings inner series nearer to radial
sector than to outer series; the divisory veinlet reaches nearly to end
of third cubital cell.

Expanse, 23 mm.

Holanda Farm, Banana River District, 5 Nov., 1909 (Cal-
vert). Type in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila-
delphia.

Leucochrysa ceratica Navas.

Alajuela, 4 Sept., 1909.
Chrysopa effusa Navas.

Cartago, July 9, Aug. 20, 1909. [The specimen of July 9
was reared from a larva collected June 17. The larval cov-
ering, to which the maker had attached fragments of the
bodies of the insects on which it fed, had its free edge drawn
partly together with silk to form the pupa case.]

‘TRICHOPTERA.
Leptonema albovirens Walk.

Cartago, 13 July, 1909, in daylight; another specimen found
floating in the Rio Grande de Tarcoles, near the Cebadilla
electric plant, April 12, 1910.

Heteroplectron maculatum Banks.

Flying over river, close to water’s surface, just after sun-

set; Rio Liberia, Liberia, Guanacaste, 11 Jan., IgTIo.

Vol. xxv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. I51

New American Bees of the Genus Halictus (Hym.).
By Mrs. Marion Durpin E tis, Boulder, Colorado.

(Continued from page 104.)

Halictus pallidellus sp. nov.

@ Length 5.5 mm. MHead and thorax rather light metallic blue,
the mesonotum with a tinge of brassy green. Abdomen brown, the
margins of the segments pale testaceous.

Face round, a little broader than long, closely punctured except on
the vertex, which is very shiny, cheeks and face with abundant short
white hair. Flagellum testaceous.

Mesonotum very shiny, punctures only moderately fine, and well
separated, especially scattered just mesad of the parapsidal grooves,
median groove distinct. No rim around the disc of the metathorax.
Basal area without a true rim, the margin broadly rounded and very
shiny, a narrow crescent-shaped area lying next to the post-scutellum
finely roughened and with short indistinct plicae appearing very slightly
depressed near the middle. Tegulae pale testaceous, impunctate.

Wings milky white, stigma and nervures very pale yellow, costal and
marginal nervures light brown.

Legs dark brown, the tarsi testaceous.

Abdomen shiny brown, all the segments finely and sharply punctured,
all except the disc of the first and the middle of the second segment,
with abundant short white hair.

Pubescence not long but abundant throughout and everywhere pure
white.

Habitat—Roswell, New Mexico. 1 (type), and 1 cotype,
at flowers of plum, April 14 (T. D. A. Cockerell).

The affinities of this bee are uncertain; the shiny meta-
thorax, along with the very shiny mesonotum in which the
punctures become more scattered along the parapsidal grooves,
and the posterior margins of the segments, together with the
short face, seem to place it in the same group with H. sephyrus
Smith, H. semibrunneus Ckll., and H. crassiceps Ellis, from all
of which the milky wings and the abundant white pubescence
readily separate it. It is smaller than either H. pruinosiformis
Crawford, or H. albolirtus Crawford, both species with milky
wings and pale pubescence (H. pruinosiformis also has the dark
costal and marginal nervures), from which the non-rugulose
basal area of the metathorax also distinguishes it.

Prof. Cockerell compared H. pallidellus with the type of H.

152 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, 14

albohirtus Crwf. in the U. S. National Museum, and found it
considerably smaller and quite differently colored from Craw-
ford’s species. The following characters of H. albohirtus were
noted as distinctive on comparison with pallidellus: Head and
thorax yellow-green, almost golden green; front dull and
coarsely granular, vertex shining in contrast ; mesothorax very
yellow, shining, with strong, not dense punctures ; area of meta-
thorax rugulose, with median impressed line and shining rim
(area smaller, apical part hardly sculptured, in pallidellus) ;
white hair on apical part of abdomen very long and abundant ;
anterior wing about 4.75 mm. long (much less in pallidellus) ;
hind tarsi, knees and apices of tibiae clear light fulvous. The
color of the wings is about the same in both species.

Halictus microlepoides sp. nov.

@ Length 5.5 mm. Bright, metallic blue.

Face almost round, only the shiny, black, apical half of the clypeus
produced below the eyes; frons and vertex finely and closely punc-
tured, the punctures more scattered on the finely roughened lateral
areas of the face; clypeus and supraclypeal area shiny; cheeks very
shiny.

Thorax opaque; the mesopleurae with coarse punctures above and
coarse fovea above the middle; upper half of the metapleurae with
rather strong plicae. Mesonotum with fine scattered punctures and
sharp, close and rather coarse lineolations. Basal area of the meta-
thorax a little longer than the scutellum, with a low, rounded, faintly,
shiny rim extending well laterally; the surface finely lineolate and
with rather numerous, strong, reticulate rugae. Tegulae dark testa-
ceous, impunctate.

Wings hyaline, stigma pale testaceous, the nervures darker, costal ner-
vure piceous; second submarginal cell very little smaller than the
third.

Legs black, knees and tarsi dark brown.

Abdomen almost nude, very shiny throughout, discs of all of the
segments with very minute punctures; the narrow apical margins of the
segments dark testaceous.

Pubescence very scant, pale gray on the legs and under side of the
body.

Habitat—Organ mountains, La Cueva, New Mexico, alti-
tude 5300 feet, 1 (type) 5.5 mm. at flowers of Datura
meteloides DC., August 31 (Townsend) ; Mesilla Park, New

Vol. xxv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 553

Mexico, in the Agricultural College building, 1, cotype, May 8,
1895 (Cockerell No. 2930).

This species looks very like and is closely related to H.
pruinostfonmis Crawford, and H. lazulis Ellis, from which the
very sharp lineolation of the mesonotum clearly separates it.

Halictus eophilus sp. nov.

29 Length 6 mm. Head and thorax rather light bluish-green, clypeus
and supraclypeal area shiny and a little brassy; abdomen clear brown,
margins of the segments much paler.

Face round, clypeus somewhat produced, closely punctured, vertex,
between the ocelli, shiny; ocelli glassy white and larger than in H.
connexus Cresson (which is a much larger bee). Antennae dark brown,
paler beneath.

Mesothorax broad, disc rather shiny, with only very weak lineola-
tions, but with numerous, close, only moderately fine punctures,
which are quite evenly distributed over the entire mesonotum;
median groove distinct but not deep, parapsidal grooves rather indis-
tinct. Metathorax not strongly retracted, the truncation without a rim;
a distinct shiny rim around the basal area, widest immediately on either
side of the middle, and extending well laterally, truncating the strong,
crooked rugae. Tegulae clear, pale testaceous.

Wings whitish hyaline, stigma and nervures light testaceous, costal
nervure reddish brown.

Legs brown, testaceous on the knees and tarsi.

Abdomen shiny, but finely and scatteringly punctured, margins of the
segments testaceous; segments three to five and sides of one and two
clothed with a thin white pubescence.

Pubescence of the face, sides and legs white and very scant, a little
denser on the cheeks.

Habitat—La Cueva, Organ Mountains, New Mexico, alti-
tude 5300 feet, 1 (type), at flowers of Datura meteloides
DC., September 5, before sunrise (Townsend) ; 1, cotype, at
flowers of Datura meteloides DC., August 31 (Townsend) ; I,
cotype, at flowers of Nuttallia multiflora, September 2 (Town-
send); Las Cruces, New Mexico, 1, cotype, on Helianthus,
June 10, 1894 (Cockerell No. 917).

This species is clearly a near relative of H. perpunctatus
Ellis, and H. pruinosiformis Crawford, with which it shares
the rimmed and rugose basal area of the metathorax, and the
close even puncturing of the mesonotum. The light clear

154 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, 14

brown and totally nonmetallic abdomen, together with the very
pale tegulae separate it from every other species of the H.
perpunctatus group. Like every other species of this group,
unless H. sancti-vincenti Ashmead be admitted to it, A.
eophilus is a species of the Rocky Mountain region.

Halictus diversopunctatus sp. nov.

9 Length 6 mm. Bright olive green throughout, the metathorax
bluer.

Head broad, facial quadrangle square, narrowed below, clypeus but
little produced. Entire face rather shiny, although closely and finely
punctured above; front without a median carina below the antennae,
supraclypeal area almost impunctate in the middle, not marked off
from the lateral areas by a distinct sulcus, the face evenly
convex right across in this region, almost to the orbits; cheeks shiny but
finely punctured. -

Mesopleurae shiny, coarsely punctured; metapleurae opaque
with a very few faint plicae near the upper end. Mesonotum
somewhat shiny, with numerous rather fine and close punctures of
three distinctly different sizes, the very fine and the coarsest both less
abundant than the medium ones. The punctures especially crowded
on either side and just in front of the parapsidal grooves; median groove
obsolete. Basal area of the metathorax narrow, with a low rounded rim
limited to a short space immediately on either side of the middle, the
surface distinctly lineolate and with numerous, simple, strong plicae
reaching the truncation. Tegulae bright brown, impunctate.

Wings hyaline, very faintly yellow; stigma pale yellow, costal nervure
piceous, the other nervures light brown; second and third submarginal
cells subequal.

Legs dark brown, inner spur of the hind tibia with five well developed
teeth.

Abdomen blunt, discs of the segments with minute punctures, apical
margin of the segments narrow and testaceous; segments 3 to 5 covered
with short grayish hair.

Pubescence pale grayish and rather abundant on the face, cheeks and
thorax; faintly yellowish on the mesonotum and legs, white below.

Habitat—California, 1 (type), No. 930, collector and exact
locality unknown.

This species may be separated from all other species of the
genus found in North America, with a green abdomen, by the
character of the mesothoracic punctures and the configuration
of the supraclypeal area.

Vol. xxv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 155

Halictus proangularis sp. nov.

Q Length 6.5 mm. Head, thorax and abdomen rather dark, uniform
greenish blue, abdomen more shiny.

Head longer than wide, clypeus produced for half its length beyond
the eyes, the margin black and closely punctured. Face rather finely and
closely punctured; the narrow margin of the lateral area of the face,
along the supraclypeal area and clypeus shiny and unsculptured. An-
tennae dark brown, cheeks narrow.

Tubercles pointed and the antero-lateral angles of the pronotum
sharply projected, forming two broad angles on each side, somewhat
curved forward. Mesonotum finely lineolate and rather finely punc-
tured, the punctures rather close and crowded except along the median
groove and at its anterior end. Metathorax very short, the entire sur-
face closely lineolate, basal area narrow and crescent-shaped, slanting
sharply downward, with a low narrow rim extending well laterally, and
numerous weak, simple plicae that extend over the rim at the sides.
Tegulae pale brown, the anterior half with very fine punctures and rather
long yellowish hair.

Wings. dusky and pale brownish, stigma and nervures dark brown.

Legs light brown, somewhat paler towards the tarsi; covered with
rather dense, rich ochraceous hairs.

Abdomen broad and blunt at one end, the first segment almost
impunctate and very shiny, the rest of the surface finely punctured,
margins of the segments not testaceous. Segments three to five and
the sides of segment two with a thin, pale buffy pubescence.

Pubescence scant and ochraceous, a little paler on the face and
lower part of the pleurae.

Habitat—Bayamon, Porto Rico, 1 (type), January, 1899
(August Busck). In U. S. National Museum.

The relationships of this species are not clear. The sharp
tubercles and antero-lateral angles of the prothorax separate
it from all of the other North American green Halictus. The
uniform greenish blue color with the dark wings gives it a
superficial resemblance to H. aquilae Ckll., which, however, is
a much larger species, with a short face and a very different
metathorax.

Length of the Pupal Stage of Adalia bipunctata Linn. (Col.)

Two larvae of this species pupating on June 19, 1900, at Annapolis,
Maryland, emerged five and a half days later. Another pupating
May 27, 1900, emerged early in the morning of June 3, or after
six and two-thirds days. When disturbed, the pupa raises itself very
quickly to a perpendicular position—A. A. GrrauLr.

156 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, ’14

Adelocephala bisecta (Lepid., Family Ceratocampidae).
By Joun R. Ever and Cuester H. Menke, Greenville, Ohio.
(Plate VII.)

Adelocephala bisecta, together with its near relative A. bi-
color form the only two representatives of this genus in the
United States. These two show a remarkable similarity in
their larval habits, and as both feed on the same food plants
they have not, until very recently, been distinguished.

The moth of A. bicolor, in coloring and marking, resembles
very closely the female moth of Anisota senatoria. Yet the
males of the two may very easily be distinguishd, for bisecta
lacks the transparent spot on the fore wings which is so char-
acteristic of the male senatoria.

.The fore wings of bisecta are ochre-brown, speckled with
purplish dots and crossed by a purple border line. The dis-
cal dot, although white, is very small and inconspicuous. The
under wings vary from orange to carmine, but are most deeply
colored near the abdomen. The body is ochre-brown, and
very “furry.” Male and female are marked exactly alike, but
the wings of the male are more acutely cut. The antennae
of the male are pectinate at the base, and simple at the tip;
those of the female are simple.

In the Ohio valley bisecta is double brooded, the moths
being found late in May, and then again in July.

The eggs are light, brownish green in color, and very flat.
They are laid in mats or clusters, and may be distinguished
from those of bicolor by their brownish tinge. In nine days
the caterpillars can be seen through the egg-shell, and on the
eleventh day they hatch.

The little caterpillars are 1% inch in length, yellow green
in color, and bear eight dark colored, knobbed horns on the
second and third segments, as well as a smaller one on the anal
segment. They will feed on either honey locust (Gleditschia),
or Kentucky coffee-tree (Gymnocladus).

In about two weeks they moulted, coming out dark green,
with yellow horns and granules. Along each side they bore
a stripe composed of yellow granules. After the third moult

ENT, NEwS, VoL. XXV. Plate VII.

ADELOCEPHALA BISECTA—EYER & MENKE.

Vol. xxv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 157

they developed four silver-colored horns on the seventh and
ninth segments. Before, these were only rudiments resembling
large granules. In the last moult many of the granules, as
well as the last set of horns on the third segment, and the lines
on the anal segment, take on this silvery color. The eight
horns on the second and third segments vary from orange to
light blue. Along each side they bear a compound sublateral
line composed of a yellow and blue stripe running parallel to
one another.

When full grown the caterpillar is about 134 inches in length.
Its main distinguishing marks from the bicolor are its greater
number of silver horns and yellow granules, and in the lighter
color of the eight horns on the second and third segments.
Near pupation, the caterpillar burrows and, in the cell it forms,
turns into a very dark brown pupa about 1% inches in length
and heavy in proportion. The pupa resembles bicolor very
closely although it is not so rough on the wing cases. The
caterpillar period of bisecta is from 46-50 days. The pupae
are very inactive, yet are seldom diseased. The moths emerge
in late afternoon or early morning, and may be easily mated in
capitivity. They are night flyers and, as all the Ceratocampids,
fly very late.

i's.as a Catocala Year (Lepid.).
By R. R. Row ey and L. Berry, Louisiana, Missouri.

In the middle region of the Mississippi valley this has been
the best Catocala year since the summers of 1900 and Igo.
Like the season of 1900, the past summer was hot and rain-
less and a poor one for most butterflies. Even in August, when
the Papilios usually are plentiful along the streams, there was
an almost entire absence of them about their usual haunts.
In June, it is true, the Fritillaries were abundant through the
woods and at Asclepias bloom, but that was just as the drought
set in, and they were the only butterflies that were abundant
here in Pike County, Missouri, in 1913. There was a great
scarcity of the “Little Wood-Satyr,’ Neonympha eurytris,

158 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, 14

never scarce here before, and even the Monarch and the Vice-
roy were among the rarities. Scarcer than ‘hens’ teeth” was
the “Goat Weed Butterfly” and the drought actually burned
up its food plant, Croton capitatum. Hardly a Grapta was to
be seen and only an occasional ““Red Admiral.”

In September, when the rains came, a few Cloudless Sul-
phurs, Dwarf Yellows and Little Sulphurs, but not a mcippe,
flitted about the straggling flowers in the creek beds.

It was a great year for the Argynnids, as we said before,
and perfect clouds of them hung over the milkweed flowers,
magnificent Cybeles and occasional Idalias, those splendid “Sil-
ver Underwings.” At one sweep of the net one could take a
dozen Cybeles. Some of my school boys took a few of the
“Red-spotted Purples,” but, all in all, it was a gloomy butter-
fly year. However, the poet has told us that every cloud has
a silver lining, and the silver lining to the 1913 cloud was the
great abundance of Catocalae. The season began early with
the usual number of tlia, yielding some splendid varieties,
the “white spots,” “the pale front wings” and some with the
top side of the forewing almost black, but never a yellow hind
wing, such as the Senior Author took two years ago. Epione
was fairly common and residua in great numbers. IJnnubens
and its varieties came later than usual and scintillans outdid
itself in its varieties and beauty. One splendid specimen had
intensely black front wings with an almost white outer border
and lacking the suffused boundary. Habilis was very plentiful,
as also palaeogama, with its varieties, annida and phalanga.
Better than all else, the very giant of “Underwings,” viduata,
always heretofore scarce in central Missouri, was almost com-
mon. The Senior Author and Mr. George Dulany took quite
forty between the middle of July and the last of August. Perry
Glick took numbers of it in Caldwell County and shared equal-
ly with the Pike Countians in catches of the usually rare
nebulosa and junctura. It was distinctly an ilia-epione-residua-
palaeogama-habilis-viduata year.

From pupae of bred larvae, the first imagoes of illecta
emerged June the 14th and that was the “beginning of the

Vol. xxv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 159

fun.” In the woods searching for Cato-larvae from June 1oth
to the middle of the month no imagoes were flushed, but a quest
for winged creatures on the 2oth bagged several ilia. On the
following day, accompanied by Mr. George Dulany, the Senior
Author took two polygama, two ultronia, one illecta, two
innubens, four epione and twenty-eight fine ilia, five or six of
the latter being white spotted and one almost black. The day
was a close one, with a temperature of ninety degrees, and the
moths were at the bottoms of the trees.

June 25th was a sultry day after several showers, and Catos
were fairly abundant. Lowell Pinkerton was the companion
on this trip.

A “red-letter” day was June 28th, when Mr. Dulany and the
Senior Author added to the usual catches one each of coccin-
ata, dejecta and parta.

The first palaeogama was seen on July 3rd. We sugared
on the night of the 4th, but failed to get many moths. The
first residua from bred chrysalids appeared on the 5th and
specimens of that species and the first meogama in the woods
on the 6th. This was the trip on which the best of the scin-
tillans were taken. The first retecta was from a bred chrysalis,
July 11th. The first amica was taken on the 12th, along with
the first cara and many palaeogama and innubens.

George Dulany, Harold Davenport and the Senior Author
chased the “millers” on July 13th, taking many residua, neo-
gama, cara, palaeogama, innubens, scintillans, one retecta, two
grynea, a few polygama and ragged ilia and epione.

The first habilis was a bred specimen on July 16th. In the
woods the first habilis was taken on the 19th. At the same
time Mr. Dulany took the first cerogama, an imperfect junc-
tura and the first phalanga.

On the 21st day of July, the Senior Author took the first
viduata, some fine retecta and the second cerogama. July 23rd
was a hot day with a heavy atmosphere and Catocalas were
abundant, high and low, but nothing new was added to the
series taken on the 2Ist, except a snoviana.

With a heavy atmosphere after a shower and at a tempera-

160 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, 14

ture of go degrees, close and cloudy, we took many moths, in-
cluding half a dozen fine cara, two splendid wviduata, four
brand-new habilis, the first lacrymosa, besides the species men-
tioned on the 13th.

Alone in “Catocala Hollow,” on the 28th, Mr. Dulany took
two viduata, one lacrymosa and the first each of nebulosa and
amatrix.

With the thermometer at 100 degrees, close and dry, July

29th, Mr. Dulany and the Senior Author found the woods
alive with Catocala, along the branch and upon the bench and
side of the hill, imnubens, cara, palaeogama, neogama and
retecta, in the hollow, with residua, palaeogama and viduata
along the hill slope. The valuable catches were three widuata,
one cerogama, and the first vidua, as well as the first angust.
. July 30th yielded Mr. Dulany three nebulosa, one viduata,
one splendid carissima and numbers of cara, palaeogama, re-
tecta, etc.; two nebulosa, one vidua and the first lucetta on the
Bist:

August 2nd gave us three vidua, two viduata, one lucetta,
three lacrymosa and a ragged flebilis, the first of the season.
August 4th, one nebulosa, three viduata and one vidua. Cara,
innubens, palaeogama, residua, habilis and neogama were es-
pecially abundant. The day was close, dry, hot, 92 degrees.
On the 5th, took two fine lacrymosa, one splendid paulina, one
angusi and many habilis. The day was warm, close, cloudy
and threatening rain.

The “high-water” mark” of viduata was August 7th, when
four perfect ones were taken, besides one vidua, one angusi,
one lacrymosa and a number of good cara. The first piatrix
of the season was taken on this trip.

Another “‘red-letter day’”’ was August 11th, when the Senior
Author, accompanied by Dr. Roy Marsh, took a dozen cara,
one amatrix, one nebulosa, four vidua, four viduata, two angust,
two lacrymosa, neogama, palaeogama, retecta and residua.
There were Catocalas on almost every tree, high and low, in a
close, hot, moist atmosphere after a slight rain.

In company with Dr. Marsh again on the 13th, the record

Vol. xxv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 161

of the 11th was almost duplicated, the species taken embracing
nebulosa, vidua, viduata, lacrymosa, angusi and one ragged
flebilis.

One nebulosa and one piatrix on the 15th.

On the 16th, in company with Mr. George Dulany, took
two viduata, one lucetta, five lacrymosa, three of which were
paulina, one poor flebilis, the first robinsoni, a ragged female
nebulosa, seven vidua, etc. Added a lucetta on the roth.

Although the temperature was 94 degrees, warm and clear,
on the 20th, moths were few and nearly all high on the trees.
One viduata, one robinson, five vidua and one ragged lucetta.
On August 28th, took four robinsoni and other Catos. Moths
abundant and at the bases of the trees. Saw a vidua, a palae-
ogama, a residua and an innubens on the same tree. On the
30th, took two viduata, nine vidua, two robinsom, one lacry-
mosa and the last of the nebulosa, a very ragged male.

September Ist, in company with Mr. Dulany, found moths
plentiful. Took twenty-six robinsoni, thirteen vidua, four
piatrix, one amatrix, one ragged junctura. The moths were at
the bottoms of the trees and the temperature was 105 degrees
gtoo: P.M.

On September 5th, took three robinson, besides many other
ragged things. The day was like the Ist in every way, but
Catocalas were far less abundant.

Mr. George H. Hosenfelt, of St. Louis, reports September
7th as one of the best Cato days of the year. He took viduata,
phalanga, evelina, paulina, zelica and a splendid marmorata.
He captured the last named on the bare bark of a great elm.

September roth saw a few ragged robinsoni and vidua in
the woods and robinsoni again on the 18th.

On September 15th Mr. E. A. Dodge, of Santa Cruz, Cali-
fornia, reports taking Catocala hippolita on shade elms.

With the Junior Author, the Catocala season at Vinton,
Iowa, hardly began before August and was at its best about
the first of September, and the catches included muinuta,
ultronia, polygama, clintom, innubens, parta, cerogama, retecta,
palaeogama, neogama, piatrix, cara, amatrix, unijuga, relicta
and varieties, one coccinata, amica and mesket.

162 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, 14

Both of the authors are still somewhat puzzled over the
scarcity of Catocalas one day and it may be, their great
abundance the very next. On damp, sultry days, insects fairly
swarmed in the valleys, not only Catocalae, but other winged
hexapods, while on close, hot days the moths were usually
abundant and low on the trees everywhere. On cool or high-
windy days few moths were to be seen, high or low. The
puzzle is what becomes of all the Catos on such days. After
all, isn’t it barely possible that one year is quite as prolific of
moths as another and the supposed great abundance of some
years is merely the result of weather conditions that drive the
moths to the forest and low on the trees? At least, this will
account for the abundance or scarcity on certain days. Another
point, in observation on one species, namely, lacrymosa, that
this moth fluctuates in numbers from day to day, being fairly
common one day and almost totally absent the next, under the
same weather conditions. It is true, they may be high in the
trees and always fairly common during their season, but this
is hardly probable. One can imagine that they migrate from
place to place in the woods. The Junior Author found that
some species rare in the daytime were rather common at night,
as she sugared. The Dodges found that true of amatrix here
some years ago. Now, amatrix is a rare moth by daylight at
Louisiana, but not uncommon at bait in the late summer eve-
nings.

It was interesting to find, this summer, that several species
of Catocala feed at flowers and the observation was the result
of the accidental finding of the pollen grains of Asclepias
cornuti adhering to the legs of innubens, epione and residua.

Of female Catocalae, imprisoned in paper sacks for eggs,
numbers of retecta, residua, palaeogama, habilis, neogama and
vidua lived a month, supplied with crushed or bruised grapes
for food and with a change of air and food every day. Some
of these prisoners, fairly fresh, laid no eggs, while battered
specimens sometimes laid hundreds. Some specimens hardly
survived a week, dying with no apparent excuse.

In the forest, Catocala viduata proved to be easy game,

Vol. xxv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 163

rarely flying away from the hickory or white oak on which it
rested, even if disturbed, while /acrymosa took flight at the
slightest sound and was hard to trap.

Associated under the roots of trees overhanging the brook
were cara, amatrix, junctura and nebulosa, the last named
always out of sight, and the wariest of the Catocalae. Mr.
Dulany seemed to make a specialty of capturing epione, lacry-
mosa and nebulosa, and certainly became proficient in taking
them.

Residua, angusi and judith are always at rest on hickory and
usually the shell-bark variety.

Vidua, viduata, robinson, retecta and habilis on hickory or
white oak, and occasionally on sugar tree ; amica on white oak.

Both Mr. Ernst Schwarz and George Hosenfelt report the
capture of Catocala titania about St. Louis in the early part
of the season among the crabs and hawthorns.

On the collecting trips of June 21st, 28th, July 4th, 6th, 12th,
13th, 19th, 27th, 20th, 31st, August 2nd, 16th and September
Ist, Mr. George W. Dulany accompanied the Senior Author,
and it was his unerring eye and perseverance that made pos-
sible many of the best catches. As a Catocala hunter, he has
no superior.

Perhaps we should call attention to the entire absence of
Catocala subnata and insolabilis and the great scarcity of
flebilis, amatrix and piatrix in the neighborhood of Louisiana,
Mo., in the summer of 1913.

The attempt to feed the young larvae of Catocala aspasia on
willow was a failure and the caterpillars that hatched on May
5th lived nearly two weeks.

RESUME OF OBSERVATIONS IN IQI3.
June 15 illecta, rarely taken in the woods.
20 first ilia with the white spotted variety.
ai first ultronia, polygama, innubens, epione.
25 first scintillans.
26 minuta.
28 coccinata, dejecta, parta.

29 ultroma abundant.
29 aholibah (bred.)

164 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, 14

July 2 neogama (bred.)
3 verecunda (bred), first palaeogama.
5 grynea (bred) an.2 6 ee ess nebulosa, 1912.
6 mneogama, first in the woods............ insolabilis, 1912.
6 residua, first in the woods. Afterward very plentiful.
6 innubens and scintillans, suddenly become plentiful.
11 retecta (bred.)

12 first amica and cara. Innubens numerous.
13 retecta in the woods, grynea...........- viduata and pau-
lina, IgIt.
16 habilis (bred.)
19 habilis in the woods, cerogama, ragged junctura.
19 phalanga.
21 first viduata.
23 residua, palaeogama and cara, abundant.
23 cerogama, snoviana.
27 lacrymosa.
28 nebulosa, amatrix.
29 angust.
30 carissima.
31 first vidua, lucetta.
Aug. 2 ragged flebilis.
5 paulina.
7 first piatrix.
16 first robinsoni.
30 robinsoni and vidua fairly common and good.
Imagoes are worth taking for a month from first appearance. 1913
gave an abundance of epione, residua, palaeogama, habilis, viduata,
nebulosa, robinsont.

DESCRIPTIONS OF EARLY STAGES.

Catocala aholibah.

Eggs of Catocala aholibah, as well as those of the variety colora-
densis hatched on the Ist and 2nd of May and at one and a half days
of age were light grayish brown with dark brown heads and about
one-fourth of an inch in length. Lateral lines and stripes indistinct.
The larvae of both these forms indistinguishable throughout their
growth.

On the sth, the larvae of aholibah moulted for the first time and
were light in color, with large bi-lobed head, distinct tubercle and
short black bristles. Longitudinal body lines more distinct. The little
caterpillars after the first moult take to the twigs for color protec-
tion; i. e., lie lengthwise of the twigs.

The second moult occurred on the morning of the &th and the far-

iy

Vol. xxv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 165

vae were over half an inch long, dark gray with fine longitudinal
light lines. A strong hump over the sth abdominal segment. Head
large with facial white lines. Face flat, slightly lobed above. The top
of the abdominal hump black.

The third moult occurred on the 12th and 13th and the larvae were
about an inch long, dirty gray with a. big head, bearing a pair of
blunt-like tubercles above with yellow lunules in front. Body tuber-
cles yellow-brown. A sharp dark brown hump with a yellow point
over ‘the 3rd pair of prolegs. A pair of strong tubercles over the
7th abdominal segment.

After the fourth moult on the 16th, the caterpillars were from 1%
to 134 inches long, light gray with a yellowish tinge. Tubercles white
with black tips. Head large, flat in front, lobed above with yellowish
tips to the lobes and heavy black lines behind the lobes. Head a lit-
tle lighter in front than the rest of the body. A pale brownish band
just behind the hump over the 3rd prolegs. The hump is hardly dis-
tinguishable from the body color except it has a white top. The pair
of tubercles over the 8th abdominal segment have black tips and are
strong. The under side of the body light with round black spots.

By May aist, the larvae of aholibah were full grown and less than
three inches long, thick heavy caterpillars, gray with a brownish
tinge, black dots in encircling irregular white patches. Tubercles
black in a white basal spot. The cross band over the 3rd pair of pro-
legs light yellow brown. Hump with dark base and yellow tip. The
lateral row of setae rather short. The bristles on the top of the
tubercle short. Head bi-lobed above with a broad black band behind
the lobes. The true legs reddish brown with cross black bands at the
segments. Spiracles black with an encircling white patch or line. A
cross patch of lighter than body color over the first abdominal seg-
ment. The under side of the body pale or white with a midrow of
large black spots in red-brown or yellow-brown patches.

All of the coloradensis larvae died after the fourth moult and the
first of the aholibah began spinning on the 23rd. From a number of
chrysalids of aholibah but one imago emerged, a fine male, on June
29th, with a pupal period of over five weeks. The chrysalids were
killed, perhaps, by heat. The larvae of both aholibah and coloraden-
sis fed on bur oak.

Catocala faustina and var verecunda.

Eggs of Catocala faustina and variety verecunda hatched on the
4th and sth of May. The larva of verecunda at the first moult on the
afternoon of the 7th was one-third of an inch long, light color, with
almost white dorsum. Head light chestnut. Larva slender.

Just before the second moult on the roth, the larva of verecunda

166 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ April, ’14

is light greenish, much darker, almost black, along the abdomen be-
hind the hump to the rear end. Head light chestnut.

After a moult on the 14th, the iarva was over half an inch long,
pale brown with a cross black band and hump over the 3rd pair of
prolegs. Head flattened, body color much like the larva of Catocala
cara. On the 16th, the larvae were about three-fourths of an inch
long, very light brown, almost cream color, striped indistinctly. A
dark reddish brown band ‘crosses the body over the 3rd pair of pro-
legs. The hump slight. Head as in cara.

Moulted on the 17th. On the 28th, the larvae of both faustina and
verecunda were about grown. One of the latter was very light with
a tinge of brown. Another, a decided brown with pink tubercles.
Lateral setae very short. The cross band over the 3rd pair of pro-
legs very pale, obsolete on top. The dorsal hump small, pale straw
color. Head as in cara, flattened and lobed above with yellow-brown
lobes, behind which is a dash of black to the mouth, the dashes unit-
ing above. Under side of the body white with the central row of
black spots. Pinkish around the spots.

All of the verecunda larvae except two or three, could not slip
their tough skins at the last moult and so died. Either the food was
not damp enough, or’*the larvae lacked strength. The first larva of
verecunda began spinning on June 2nd and was two inches long, light -
brown with yellow tinge. Very short lateral setae. Tubercles red-
brown but dull. The longitudinal lines indistinct. The hump over
the 3rd pair of prolegs small and with a light straw colored top. The
cross band behind this tubercle, or hump, is only slightly darker than
the general color, and that only on the side. The crest over the 8th
abdominal segment slight with a dark line behind it that runs down
on the side to the spiracles. Spiracles small with a dark ring about
each. Head yellowish, strongly so at the lobes above. A dark encir-
cling line surrounds the face. Under side of the body greenish
white, with a midventral row of black spots with a slightly pinkish
border. Larvae fed on willow. No distinction between the larvae
of faustina and verecunda. ‘The first larva of faustina cocooned on
June sth. On the 3rd of July, one pupa of verecunda gave a moth,
twenty-seven days after beginning to spin. No other chrysalids of
either faustina or verecunda gave imagoes.

Catocala residua.

Eggs of Catocala residua hatched on May 4th, the same day that
the verecunda eggs hatched. On May 7th, before first moult, the lit-
tle caterpillars were I-5 to %4 of-.an inch long, light reddish brown
with small darker head. Slow growth. On the toth, larvae still
small, color dark gray, striped longitudinally with white. Head
small, dark.

Vol. xxv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 167

After moulting on the 17th, the larvae were three-fourths of an inch
long. Very dark brown, almost black, striped longitudinally with
light and black lines. Head round and colored as body. True and
prolegs light or flesh color. A mid-dorsal row of triangular whitish
spots. No dorsal hump.

After the moult on the 2Ist, the larvae were over an inch long,
dark brownish gray with large round head, slightly lighter, not dish-
ed in front as in aholibah, and the cara group. A line of small light
reddish brown mid-dorsal triangles with the vertical angle toward
the head. True legs cream color. No apparent row of lateral setae.

After moulting the last time, the larva was gray-brown with large
round head, white and brown mottled. True and prolegs flesh color.
Tubercles light reddish brown. Tubercular bristles rather strong.
No lateral setae.

The grown larva of residua is from 2% to 234 inches long, light
grayish brown, streaked longitudinally with black and cream color.
Whole surface with black dots and broken black lines. No dorsal
hump or lateral setae. Tubercles light straw color. True legs faint-
ly pinkish. Prolegs flesh or straw color. Head round, not lobed, and
with pale red brown linear mottling. The top of the crest over the
8th abdominal segment straw color. Under side of body white with
the usual row of mid-ventral round black spots with hardly a sur-
rounding tinge of red. The tubercular bristles strong.

The colony was fed on pecan. The first larvae began spinning June
6th. The first imagoes appeared July 5th, twenty-nine days from the
time the larvae began spinning. A larva of residua taken under
hickory bark in the woods was over two inches long, very light gray
with a mid-dorsal row of light triangles surrounded by dark brown,
almost black. A dark brown, almost black spiracular band. Head
light gray with pale reddish brown mottling. Stiff tubercular bris-
tles but no lateral setae. Under side of body whitish-green with the
mid-ventral row of smoky black spots. No humps. Prolegs faintly
greenish. True legs pale. No facial dash but with a black splotch
either side of the mouth. This larva was much lighter in color than
the brood of larvae bred from the egg but the imago differed little
from other residua.

Supposed Diseased Eggs of Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis
Haworth and Record of Parasites (Hym.)

Among a number of eggs of this species obtained during the winter
of 1900-1901 there were some which appeared to be diseased in other-
wise healthy masses. These were coffee-colored with irregular black-
ish markings, and afterward no evidences of eggparasitism by insects
were obtained. From many of the overwintered bags Catolaccus thyri-
dopterygis Ashmead was obtained and a few Smicra mariae Riley.
The latter seemed to be the host of the Catolaccus——A. A. GIRAULY.

168 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ April, 714

The Nearctic Species of the Hymenopterous Genus
Sympha Foerster.*
By S. A. RoHWER.

As far as the writer can learn no record of the host of any
species of the Dacnusine genus Sympha has ever been pub-
lished. Mr. C. T. Greene has bred a species, Sympha agromy-
zae, from the pupa of a species of Agromyza where it is a
primary parasite. The conditions under which the host lives
and some remarks on the parasite will be published by Mr.
Greene.

While studying these Nearctic species the writer studied the
literature dealing with the European species and judging from
it none of the species noted here are the same as any of the
European species, although sericea (Provancher) is evidently
closely allied to ringens (Haliday).

LABICH EO PDE) SPECIES:

Mesonotum coarsely sculptured, notauli not sharply defined; (head

rather densely and strongly punctured above antennae),
belfragei Ashmead
Mesonotum not coarsely sculptured, notauli well defined .......... I
I. Prescutum without a median furrow; head below the antennae
shining sand) impunctate) =2255--2-50h eo lucida Rohwer
Prescutum with a median furrow which is foveolate; head below
the’ ‘antennae’ tpunctuned= 2. 220A see aoe 2 ene ee 2
2. Head above the antennae impunctate; suture in front of the scutel-

lum without a strong longitudinal carina,

portlandica Rohwer
Head above the antennae with separate punctures; suture in front
of the scutellum with strong carinae 2: -225552..2eeeee 3
3. Dorsal and posterior aspects of the propodeum separated by a com-
plete oblique carina; (antennae 209-jointed, scape black; hind

tarsi. adusky)\ecsceeeeee te on cence nigricornis Rohwer

Dorsal and posterior aspects of propodeum not separated by
GATINat ws). oes he ee one PIs otra nos Reis eee eee 4

4. Hind tarsi dusky; antennae 27 to 29-jointed; median carina of first
ferpite complete: Tovaperx oc: tec. eae sericea Provancher

Hind tarsi pale; antennae 32-jointed; median carina of first tergite
not extending tOsapexme-eet ee oe eee agromyzae Rohwer

*A conbabation from the Branch of Forest Insects of the Bureau
of Entomology, Washington, D. C.

Vol. xxv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 169

Sympha belfragei (Ashmead).

Oenone belfraget Ashmead, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. Vol. 11, 1888,
p. 649.

Sympha belfragei Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym. Vol. 4, 1808, p. 30.

“Male and female—Length, 3 to 3 2-5 mm. Black, opaque, rugosely
punctate, covered with a sparse, white, sericeous pubescence; two
basal joints of antennae and legs flavo-testaceous. The head is
transverse, very short, about twice as wide as long vertically; the eyes
are oval and extend to the base of the mandibles; the clypeus pro-
jects much below the lower line of the eye, and with the short head
and the distended mandibles gives the insect a very peculiar appear-
ance. Antennae 31-jointed in the male, 29-jointed in the female; the
thorax is shorter than the abdomen, with distinct parapsidal grooves,
the middle lobe has a punctured longitudinal groove down the center;
metathorax areolated; abdomen oval, the sculpture having a longi-
tudinal direction, the first segment being more distinctly striated; in
the female it is 4-segmented, in the male 5-segmented, the terminal
segments being very small. Wings hyaline, iridescent; veins brown;
the recurrent nervure joins the Ist submarginal cell between the mid-
dle and the apex; the submedian cell is slightly longer than the me-
dian.

“Habitat —Texas.

“Described from four specimens, two male and two female,
in collection Belfrage.”” [Original description. ]

Type—Cat. No. 2978, U. S. N. M.

Sympha lucida new species.

Male—Length, 2.75 mm. Head entirely smooth, shining, impunc-
tate; anterior margin of the clypeus truncate; anterior margin of the
labrum obtusely pointed; ocelli not enclosed by a furrow; antennae
29-jointed, third joint about one-third longer than the fourth; meso-
notum shining, almost impunctate; prescutum without a median longi-
tudinal line; notauli finely foveolate posteriorly, where they unite,
strongly foveolate; suture between the scutum and scutellum with
four strong rugae; scutellum shining, almost impunctate; dorsal as-
pect of the propodeum shining, not separated from the posterior as-
pect by a carina, strongly reticulate; entire sides shining, almost im-
punctate; first tergite longitudinally striate and with nine longitudi-
nal rugae, second and third segments longitudinally striate, the striae
irregular and not as strong as on the first tergite; the posterior seg-
ments shining, impunctate.

Black; scape piceous beneath; legs ferruginous, the hind tarsi
slightly dusky; wings hyaline, iridescent; venation pale brown.

170 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ April, 714

Easton, Washington. Described from one male collected by
A. Koebele.

Type.—Cat. No. 16471, U.S. N. M.

Sympha portlandica new species.

Male—Length, 2.55 mm. Anterior margin of the labrum broadly
rounded; anterior margin of the clypeus subtruncate; head below the
antennae subopaque with fine, poorly defined and rather separated
punctures; head above the antennae shining, impunctate; ocelli not
surrounded by a furrow; antennae 25-jointed, the third joint subequal
with the following. Mesonotum shining, practically impunctate; pre-
scutum with complete longitudinal furrow which‘is finely foveolate;
notauli rather coarsely foveolate and forming a U posteriorly where
they are reticulate; suture between the scutum and scutellum with
two fine longitudinal rugae; scutellum shining, impunctate;- dorsal
and posterior aspects of the propodeum not separated by a carina,
both reticulate ; posterior part of the mesepisternum shining, impunc-
tate, anteriorly strongly reticulate; sides of the propodeum sculptured
like the posterior face; first tergite sculptured like the following two,
finely striato-reticulate with the striae predominating, no predominat-
ing carina on three basal tergites; the following tergites shining, im-
punctate.

Black; palpi piceous; legs below the coxae rufo-ferruginous; the
four posterior tarsi being dusky; wings hyaline, iridescent, venation
pale brown.

Portland, Oregon. Described from one male collected
April 28.
Type—Cat. No. 16472, U. S. N. M.

Sympha nigricornis new species.

Female—Length, 3 mm. Head below the antennae opaque, closely,
rather finely punctured; above the antennae shining, with well de-
fined punctures; ocelli enclosed by deep furrows; antennae 30-joint-
ed, the third and fourth joints subequal; mesonotum shining, sparsely
punctured with well defined punctures; prescutum with a complete
longitudinal foveolate furrow; notauli more coarsely foveolate, and
posteriorly V-shaped with the apex of the V reticulate so as to be
U-shaped; suture between the scutum and scutellum with five strong
rugae; scutellum shining, impunctate; dorsal aspect of the pro-
podeum finely reticulate on a granular surface and with two poorly
defined longitudinal carinae which extend posteriorly to the oblique
carina which separates the dorsal and posterior aspects; posterior as-
pect of the propodeum reticulate; posterior part of the mesepister-
num shining, sparsely punctured with well defined punctures; the an-

Vol. xxv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. I7I

terior portion granulato-reticulate; sides of the propodeum coarsely
reticulate; first tergite more coarsely longitudinally striate than the
following and with a complete, very prominent median carina; sec-
ond and third tergites with fine, well defined longitudinal carinae
which extend to the apex of the third tergite; following tergites
shining, impunctate.

Black; palpi ferruginous; mandibles, malar space, and scape pice-
ous; tegulae and legs rufo-ferruginous; wings hyaline, iridescent,
venation pale brown.

Described from one female from Colorado without definite
locality.

Type—Cat. No. 16473, U. S. N. M.

Sympha sericea (Provancher).

Oenone sericea Provancher, Addit. fauna Canad. Hym., 1888, p. 304.

Sympha sericea Dalla Torre, Cat. Hym. Vol. 4, 1898, p. 30.

Original Description. “?.—Long. .12 pce. Noire avec les pattes
jaune-miel. Les mandibules jaunes avec l’extrémité noire. Antennes
soyeuses, noires, le scape jaunatre en dessous; les écailles alaires
jaunes. Le mésothorax a 3 sillons bien prononcés, se réunissant avant
d’atteindre la fossette de la base de l’écusson, les 2 latéraux — crenélés;
le métathorax finement rugueux. Ailes hyalines, le stigma et les ner-
vures brun-foncé. Pattes jaune-miel sans aucune tache y compris
les hanches. Abdomen sans aucune tache, soyeux, seulement 3 seg-
ments; tariere a peine sortante—Ottawa (Harrington.)”

Additional Characters—Head below the antennae with fine, rather
close punctures, above the antennae with well separated and well de-
fined punctures; ocelli enclosed by a deep furrow; median, longi-
tudinal line of prescutum complete, well defined, foveolate; suture
in front of the scutellum with four strong rugae; dorsal aspect of the
propodeum irregularly reticulate on a granular surface, with two
raised, but poorly defined longitudinal lines; carapace sculptured to
apex, the following segments smooth.

Above characters taken from a female from the type local-
ity, collected by Harrington and now in collections of U. S.
N. M.

Sympha agromyzae new species.

Female—tlLength, 3 mm. Head below the antennae shining, sparse-
ly punctured with fine, well defined punctures; above the antennae
shining, punctured with sparse but well defined punctures ; ocelli en-
closed by a strong furrow; antennae 32-jointed, the third joint about
one-fourth longer than the fourth; mesonotum with fine, well defined

172 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, ’14

punctures; prescutum with a complete, longitudinally foveolate fur-
row; notauli foveolate, U-shaped posteriorly where they are more
strongly foveolate but are not depressed; suture between the scutum
and scutellum with three strong longitudinal rugae; scutellum shin-
ing, with a few fine punctures; dorsal aspect of the propodeum
coarsely reticulate and not separated from the posterior aspect which
is also coarsely reticulate; mesepisternum reticulate, more strongly
so anteriorly, with a rather small, shining, punctured spot on the
posterior part; sides of the propodeum strongly reticulate; first ter-
gite coarsely, longitudinally striato-reticulate, the striae predominat-
ing, no complete, well defined median stria; second and third tergites
sculptured similarly to the first, but not so strongly so; the apex of
the third tergite almost impunctate and shining, as are the follow-
ing tergites.

Black; palpi pale brown; mandibles, scape, pedicel, tegulae in part,
rufo-ferruginous; legs ferruginous; wings hyaline, iridescent, vena-
tion_pale brown, stigma dark brown.

Chain Bridge, District of Columbia. Described from one
female recorded under Bureau of Entomology Number Hopk.
U. S. 1o2tga, collected by Mr. C. T. Greene and reared from
species of Agromyza. A paratype from Ithaca, New York.

Type.—Cat. No. 16474, U. S. N. M.

New American Diptera.
By J. R. MAttocu.

The species included in this paper are described from types
in the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.

Hydrotaea cressoni, new species.

Male—Glossy black, with a distinct bluish tinge. Frontal lunule,
face and eye margins’ beneath level of antennae silvery pollinose.
Proboscis and palpi black. Mesonotum without any indications of
stripes or pollinosity. Abdominal segments 3, 4 and 5 with a very
distinct, elongate, anterior marginal spot on each side, forming an in-
terrupted white fascia on each segment. Legs black. Wings clear.
Calyptrae white, margins and fringe yellowish. Halteres yellow.

Eyes distinctly, but not thickly, pubescent; frontal stripe narrow;
third antennal joint not twice as long as second; arista with an elon-
gate swelling at base, microscopically pubescent; cheeks linear, bris-
tles numerous and moderately strong; palpi elongate, with numerous
hair-like bristles.

Vol. xxv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 173

Two pairs of presutural and four pairs of postsutural macro-
chaetae on mesonotum; acrostichals indistinguishable from the rather
long discal hairs.

Fore femur with a short, sharp, forwardly directed tooth at about
apical fourth on the postero-ventral surface, on the base of which,
on the posterior side, are 2 bristles; antero-ventral surface with an
elongate, ridge-like callosity slightly nearer to base of femur; bristles
at base on postero-ventral surface very long, decreasing in length to
middle; beyond the postero-ventral thorn there are 2-3 short bristles
on same surface; fore tibia attenuated at base, hollowed out on ventral
surface, the postero-ventral margin with a slightly raised ridge on
middle; one long bristle on apical third of postero-ventral surface,
one, shorter, on dorsal surface nearer to apex and another short one
at apex on almost the posterior surface: fore metatarsus as long as
next 3 joints. Mid femur thin, slightly curved, and except at near base
almost bare; mid tibia without any bristles. Hind femur elongated,
reaching slightly beyond apex of abdomen, curved, and slightly dilated
on beyond middle; ventral surface with two short, closely approxi-
mated thick thorns, which have the tips dilated; anterior surface with
a row of bristles which become longer and stronger, are more widely
placed and descend slightly as they approach apex of femur; postero-
ventral surface bare; hind tibia curved, apically becoming slightly
thicker, and four-fifths as long as femur; ventral surfaces on apical
half with numerous closely placed hair-like bristles which are at middle
rather more than equal in length to the tibial diameter, and rapidly
decrease in length to apex; dorsal bristle very long; antero-dorsal
surface with a series of short bristles from base to upper antero-
dorsal bristle.

Wings with veins 3 and 4 slightly convergent; last section of fourth
vein 2%4 times as long as penultimate section. Calyptrae with the
lower scale distinctly protruding. Length 4.5 mm.

Holotype: Cloudcroft, New Mexico, May 24, 1902, (H.
L. Viersck). Type No. 6053.

Allied to ciliata, Fabricius, but the absence of the very long
mid femoral apical bristles, so conspicuous in that species,
readily distinguishes it from ciliata.

Pseudostenophora bispinosa n. sp.
Female.—Black, subopaque. Antennae, tibiae and tarsi brownish-
yellow. Wings slightly grayish. Halteres yellow, knob black-brown.
Frons twice as broad as long; second row of bristles straight, one
pair of bristles only in first row; antennae normal in size; arista
nearly twice as long as width of frons, distinctly pubescent; palpi

174 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, ’14

slightly larger than third joint of antenna, with several end bristles;
proboscis thickened and enlarged, almost identical in form with that
of Aphiochaeta rostrata Brues.

Mesonotum with 1 pair of dorso-centrals; scutellum with 2 bristles.

Abdomen almost bare, anal organs hairy.

Fore tibia with 1 dorsal bristle before the middle; mid tibia with
the normal 2 on basal third very weak, and the one at apex not dis-
tinguishable; hind tibia without any bristle, or with a weak one on
antero-dorsal’ surface before middle.

Costa to about three-fifths the wing length, first division equal to
2 plus 3, 3 about three-fourths as long as 2; fourth vein leaving third
at about midway from fork to apex with a very decided curve (as
in Trupheoneura vitrinervis Malloch) and ending almost at wing tip;
seventh vein less distinct than the others, but complete; costal fringe
fine and close, its length equal to about twice the diameter of costal
vein. Length 1.5 mm.

Holotype 2, Westville, New Jersey, April 11, 1900. Type
No. 6054.

Paratypes: 6 specimens with same data.

I consider that this species belongs to the genus in which I
have placed it rather than to Trupheoneura with which it has
certain affinities. The species in the latter forms have the
seventh vein interrupted except in the case of the female of
lugubris Meigen, which has that vein complete, but indistinct.
There is a close resemblance between certain species in Tru-
pheoneura and others in Pseudostenophora, but so far as I
have seen the following set of characters may be relied upon
to distinguish the species of the latter forms from all other
Phorid genera: Frons much broader than long; mesonotum
with 1 pair of dorso-centrals; scutellum with 2 bristles; male
hypopygium large, but without any projecting anal organ
and not highly chitinised as in Trupheoneura; legs with gen-
erally the following bristles: 1 on fore tibia, 2 weak ones at
basal third of mid tibia, and occasionally a weak one at apex,
and the hind tibia never with more than one bristle; third
vein of wing forked.

This is the first species of the genus that I have seen from
America.

Di ee

aS >

Vol. xxv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 175

Paraspiniphora pennsylvanica n. sp.

Male and female—Black, shining. Knee joints yellowish. Halteres
yellow. Wings slightly browned.

Frons glossy, distinctly broader than long, the surface with numer-
ous short hairs; first and setond rows of (4) bristles almost straight;
one pair of post-antennals present; male antennae enlarged, third
joint about half as large as eye; female antennae slightly enlarged,
third joint about one-third the size of eye; arista bare, its length
about equal to 114 times the width of frons; palpi and proboscis in
both sexes normal, the former moderately bristled; one very long,
downwardly directed bristle on cheek in both sexes.

Mesonotum with 1 pair of dorso-centrals; basal pair of scutellar
bristles much weaker than apical pair in both sexes.

Abdomen almost bare; male hypopygium with numerous hairs.

Fore tibia with 3-4 serial bristles on dorsal surface from base to
apex; mid tibia with 3 antero-dorsal bristles, 2 on basal half and one
near apex, and 4-5 on almost the dorsal surface from base to apex;
hind tibia with generally 10 bristles, 5 on the dorsal and 5 on the
antero-dorsal surfaces, arranged in pairs, besides the apical spurs;
no ventral bristles present on either of the posterior pairs to tibia.

Costa to middle of wing; first division about 1 I-3 times as long
as 2 plus 3, 3 half as long as 2; fourth vein slightly bent at base,
leaving just beyond fork of third and ending almost in fore margin
of wing owing to its gradual forward inclination; one strong bristle
present on base of third vein; costal fringe close and fine, equal in
length to about twice the diameter of costal vein. Length 3-4 mm.

Holotype: @, Swarthmore, Delaware County, Pennsylvania,
March 30, 1905 (E. T. Cresson, Jr.). Type No. 6055.

Paratypes: 1 male and 1 female same data.

Resembles spinosissima Strobl, and spinulosa Malloch, but
differs in chaetotaxy from both.

Aphiochaeta submanicata n. sp.

Male.—Yellow, slightly shining. Frons brown, surface with grayish
pollinosity; antennae brownish yellow, arista brown; palpi clear
yellow. Mesonotum reddish yellow on disk; pleurae yellow, with a
large blackish patch below wing base; postnotum black-brown. Ab-

domen black-brown on dorsum; basal segment yellowish at base;

each segment with but slight indications of a pale posterior margin;
anal protuberance and hypopygium yellow. Legs yellow, mid coxa
with a black streak on posterior surface; apices of hind femora
blackened. Wings clear; veins brownish, very distinct except at
apices of thin veins. Halteres clear yellow.

176 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, 14

Frons slightly longer than broad; lower post-antennals not half as
large as the strong upper pair; central pair of bristles in first row
slightly below level of upper post-antennals and nearer to them than
to eye margin; outer pair in same row slightly higher placed than
upper post-antennals and about as far from the central pair as from
eye margin; antennae of moderate size; arista slightly longer than
frons, slightly pubescent; palpi large, the size exceeding that of the
third antennal joint, almost bare, the bristles very short.

Scutellum with 4 bristles; mesopleura with numerous short bristles.

Abdomen tapering; second segment slightly the longest, the others
subequal; last 2 with numerous short discal hairs and a few longer
posterior marginal hairs; second segment with several lateral hairs
which are not very conspicuous; anal protuberance large, well ex-
posed, the apex with the usual curved hairs.

Basal joint of fore tarsus about three-fifths as long as fore tibia,
and slightly longer than joints 2 plus 3, much swollen, as thick as tibia;
hind femur with soft hairs to middle on ventral surface; hind tibial
setulae very weak and hair-like.

Costa to wing middle; first division slightly longer than second,
and shorter than 2 plus 3, third division slightly less than half as
long as second; fourth vein leaving at beyond fork of third with a
slight bend and ending, recurved, at before wing tip; costal fringe
equal in length to interior arm of fork (free end of vein 2). Length
1.5 mm.

Holotype: Frankford, Philadelphia, September, 1913, (J.
R. Malloch). Type No. 6056. Taken indoors on window.

This species is allied to projecta Becker, but differs ma-
terially in wing venation. It shows a nearer approach to
magnipalpis Aldrich in venation but differs in coloration and
other characters from that species.

Leptocera (Limosina) subpiligera, n. sp.

Male.—Black-brown, slightly shining. Face and cheeks, distinctly
whitish gray pollinose; pleurae, lateral margins of mesonotum nar-
rowly, and abdomen on sides gray pollinose. Legs black-brown.
Wings clear, veins black, vein 4 traceable to margin though not dark-
ened beyond cross-vein, vein 5 not distinguishable beyond cross-vein.
Halteres with yellow knob and darkened pedicel.

Frons entirely shining; all bristles strong, the two orbital bristles
subequal in size, anterior to the Jower one there are several short se-
tulae; divergent ventral rows of setulae distinct, incurved; 5-6 in
number, increasing in length from upper to lower extremities; face

Vol. xxv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 177

buccate between antennae, slightly concave on middle, mouth margin
not produced; cheek less than half as high as eye at its lowest part
and gradually increasing in height posteriorly; vibrissa strong and
long, incurved, behind the vibrissa there is an almost equally strong
bristle which is upcurved and reaches almost to middle of eye. Mar-
ginal bristles distinct and not particularly numerous; mouth opening
large, labrum slightly protruding, proboscis broad, at apex sucker-
like, short; palpi small, with a few weak bristles; antennae rather
above the average size, standing well clear of the eyes, third joint
pilose, broader but barely longer than second, which has on the inner
side at apex several distinct setulae; arista tapering, basal joints dis-
tinct, but slightly thickened; pubescence sparse, distinct from slightly
beyond base, arista in length equal to from its base to vertex; eye
bare, distinctly longer than high.

Mesonotum with posthumeral bristle strong, incurved; three pairs
of dorso-centrals present; acrostichals distinct from near anterior
margin, between them and the anterior dorso-central there are 3-4
rows of short discal setulae; scutellum with eight marginal bristles as
in fontinalis Fallen, disk bare; postnotum glossy black.

Abdomen shorter than thorax, cylindrical in shape; second segment
much elongated, the others short, all segments with numerous hairs,
which are particularly noticeable, long and bristle-like laterally on
apical segments; hypopygium rounded, large, knob-like, its surface,
particularly on venter, covered with numerous rather long hairs.

Legs strong; fore tarsi gradually and distinctly dilated from base
to apex; mid-tibia with seven dorsal bristles (2:2:3) and I-2 on ven-
tral surface; mid-trochanter with a strong bristle; apex of mid-meta-
tarsus with 3-4 end bristles; hind femur with a series of 5-6 bristles
on apical half of antero-ventral surface; hind tibia with four rows of
hair-like bristles, one on almost the ventral surface from base to
apex, which is longest on middle, one rather shorter on anterior sur-
face which is rather longest at base, one on dorsal surface consisting
of 6-7 rather widely placed bristles, and a fourth much shorter on the
postero-dorsal surface which is regularly and rather widely spaced
and becomes longer toward apex; hind tarsus thickened, joints about,
23 iP :2:

Wings with costa to end of vein 3, second costal division 1 2-3 times
as long as third; costa setulose to end of first vein; outer cross-vein
distinctly before the vertical line of apex of vein 2, the section of
vein 4 between cross-vein equal to basal section of vein 3; outer cross-
vein about half as long as section of vein 4 preceding it; last section
of vein 3 slightly but gradually and appreciably bent forward.

Length, 2% mm.

178 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, ’14

Holotype, male, Hazleton, Pa., August 7, 1909, (Dr. Dietz),
Type No. 6057.

Paratype: 1 male with same data.

This species comes close to both piligera, Stenh., and zos-

terae Haliday, but differs in venation from both of those spe-
cies.

Mantis religiosa Linnaeus, in Rochester, New York, in 1919
(Orthop.)

One day, early in September, while collecting some Colias philodice,
etc., I was amazed to find a large female mantis. I would not have
observed it had it not been for a Xylocopa virginica which I was trans-
ferring from my net to the killing bottle, and in doing so, knelt on
the ground. This must have aroused the mantis from its hiding place.
Being unaware of its habits, I picked up the specimen, but dropped it
just as quickly, being pierced by the fore legs, which gave me a swol-
len finger for several days. The females hide under long grasses, etc.,
and to collect them they must be aroused from their hiding places.

They vary greatly in color. Some individuals are almost gray, while
others are green, yellow, pale brown or dark brown.

The males resemble a katydid in their flight, and differ very greatly
from the females in regard to habits. They can be found flying from
bush to bush, but are by no means common.

The species interested me so much that I wrote to Mr. A. N. Cau-
dell, U. S. Nat. Mus., Washington, D. C., for its identification, etc. It
proved to be Mantis religiosa L., introduced into this vicinity some
years ago. As it is an insect of predaceous habits, eating other in-
sects, etc., it should be therefore protected. A few beneficial insects
may be destroyed by it, but, on the whole, it is to be regarded as a
friend.

After becoming aware of their habits, I had no trouble in finding
them in considerable numbers. In all, I must have taken 200 or more,
two-thirds of which are females. The males are very slender, and
resemble Stagmomantts carolina very closely, being about 134 to 2 inches
in length. The females measure from 2% to 2% inches, and are
much stouter in form.

I found a small quantity of egg-masses generally attached to the
weeds or grasses, within two or three inches from the ground. They
measure from 1% to 134 inches in length. I shall try to raise these
and take all possible notes. Should I be fortunate enough to get the
complete metamorphosis, I will publish the results for the sake of
some of our collectors—RoBErRT SCHMALTZ, 319 Central Park, Ro-
chester, N. Y.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

PHILADELPHIA, PA., APRIL, I91I4.

The Ethics of Publication.

Several times during the past three years articles accepted
for publication in the News have appeared in other journals,
subsequent to the date of acceptance here but before they
could be published in this magazine. From the fact that the
News has been receiving material months in advance of the
possibility of publication, we assume that it is a not unwel-
come outlet of communication for entomologists. With such
a bounteous supply, justice to our contributors suggests that
we must publish accepted articles as nearly as possible in order
of reception, after the current month’s reviews and records of
literature have been provided for. The enforced delay chafes
some eager authors and exposes them to the temptation of
offering their already accepted productions to other media less
crowded at the moment, without advising us of their inten-
tions. It is a marvelous thing, only appreciated in its full
force by an editor, how nearly unanimous authors are as to
the all-importance of their writings and how serious will be
the damage to the world at large if each article be not pub-
lished within one week of its reception by the aforesaid editor.

Irrespective of the question as to the value of the entomo-
logical articles that are published, it is true, at present, that the
production exceeds the means of publication. It is, therefore,
not economical to publish the same article in two journals.
The space occupied by the repeat were better devoted to some-
thing else. The News does not intentionally publish that which
has already appeared elsewhere, except in the case of brief
notes or announcements. An author who publishes in two
places an article not coming under these exceptions, is the
thief of space, as well as of time, and excludes his fellow from
the opportunity which his repeat usurps.

179

180 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, 14

Fragments on North American Insects—VI.

By A. A. Grrautt, Nelson (Cairns), Queensland, Australia.
(Also on pages 148, 155, 167.)
Proctotrypoids With Wings Folded Upon Emergence (Hym.)
From a note made in August, 1800, it appears that a species of Sceli-
onidae was obtained from some lepidopterous eggs brought in from

the field which upon emerging had the wings folded, later spreading
as usual.

Callosamia promethea Drury (Lepid.)

A number of cocoons of this species taken at Annapolis, Maryland,
February, 1900, and confined indoors at nearly normal temperature
(in an attic), commenced to give forth adults on May 8 following.
The cocoons were found in forest trees and wild cherry.

Entomological Literature.
COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. REHN.

Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the
Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En-
tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and
Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted;
but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, how-
ever, whether relating to American or exotic species, will be recorded.
The numbers in Heavy-Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered
in the following list, in which the papers are published, and are all
dated the current year unless otherwise noted, always excepting those
appearing in the January and February issues of the News, which are
generally dated the year previous.

All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their
first installments.

The records of systematic papers are all grouped at the end of each
Order of which they treat, and are separated from the rest by a dash.

For records of ‘Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record,
Office of Experiment Stations, Washington.

3—The American Naturalist. 4—The Canadian Entomologist.
8—The Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine, London. 9—The Ento-
mologist, London. 21—The Entomologist’s Record, London. 22—
Zoologischer Anzeiger, Leipzig. 85—Annales, Societe Entomolo-
gique de Belgique. 36—Transactions, Entomological Society of
London. 387—-Le Naturaliste Canadien, Quebec. 40—Societas
Entomologica, Zurich. 50—Proceedings of the U. S. National
Museum. 65—La Feuille des Jeunes Naturalistes, Paris. 74—
Naturwissenschaftliche Wochenschrift, Berlin. 84—Entomologische
Rundschau. 87—Bulletin, Societe Entomologique de France, Paris.
90—Revue Scientifique, Paris. 92—Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche
Insektenbiologie. 97—Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie,
Leipzig. 143—Ohio Naturalist. 153—Bulletin, American Museum
of Natural History, New York. 155—Nova Acta Academiae Cae-

——

ee ee ee

Vol. xxv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 181

sareae Leopoldius Carolinae Germanicae Naturae Curiosorum,
Halle. 159—Bollettino, Laboratorio di zoologia generalé e agararia
della R. S. Superiore d’Agricoltura in Portici. 164—Science Bulle-
tin, University of Kansas, Lawrence. 173—Die Grossschmetterlinge
der Erde, Fauna Americana, von A. Seitz, Stuttgart. 174—Bulle-
tin, U. S. National Museum, Washington. 175—Aus der Natur,
Berlin. 200—Bulletin Scientifique de la France et de la Belgique,
Paris. 205—Kansas State Agricultural College, Experiment Sta-
tion. 216—Entomologische Zeitschrift, Frankfurt a. Main. 274—
Archiv fur Zellforschung, herausgegeben von Dr. R. Goldschmidt,
Leipzig. 279—Jenaische Zeitschrift fur Naturwissenschaft. 310—
L’Echange, Revue Linneenne, Moulins. 311—La Science au XXe
Siecle, Paris. 824—Journal of Animal Behavior, Cambridge. 332—
Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, Los
Angeles. 368—The Monthly Bulletin of the State Commission of
Horticulture, Sacramento. 394—Parasitology, Cambridge, England.
399—Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Cam-
bridge, England. 407—Journal of Genetics, Cambridge, England.
409—Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.

‘Qnd Series. 427—Hawaii Board of Commissioners of Agriculture

and Forestry, Honolulu. 488—Bulletin of the Illinois State Labora-
tory of Natural History, Urbana. 442—Transactions of the Con-
necticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, New Haven. 462—The
Butterfly Farmer, Truckee, Cal. 463—Bulletin of the U. S. De-
partment of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. 464—Flora og Fauna,
Copenhagen. 465—Sitzungsberichte der Naturforschenden Ge-
sellschaft zu Leipzig. 466—Handbuch der Entomologie. Heraus-
gegeben von Dr. Chr. Schroder, Jena. 467—Zoologische Jahr-
bucher. Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der
Tiere, Jena. 468—Annales de 1’Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture de
Montpellier. 469—Annual Report and Transactions, Manchester
Microscopical Society. 470—Bulletin, Department of Agriculture,
Trinidad and Tabago. 471—Nova Scotia Department of Agricul-
ture.

GENERAL SUBJECT. Bachmann, M.—Insekten und blumen,
216, xxvii, 271-72 (cont.). Bervoets, R. E.—Contribution a l’etude
du vol des insectes. Etude du pterostigma, 35, lviii, 6-17. Bordage,
E.—Notes biologiques recueillies a I’Ile de la Reunion, 200, xl vii,
377-412. Deegener, P—Muskulatur und endoskelett, 466, i, 481-528.
Eckstein, K—Die metamorphose der insekten als gegenstand des
unterrichts, 175, 1914, 237-46. Handlirsch, A.—Aus der geschichte
der entomologie. Ueber entomologische literatur und ihre be-
nutzung. Zur entomologischen technik. Die systematischen
grundbegriffe. Nomenklatur, typen und zitate. Terminologie der

182 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. { April, 14

fur die systematik wichtigsten teile des hautskelettes, 466, ili, 1-112.
d’Herculais, J. K—Capture des insectes par les fleurs des com-
posees notamment par celles de Bardane, 87, 1913, 485-6. Mc-
Glashan, X.—Pioneer entomologists of California, 462, i, 99-100.
Pic, M.—Doit-on nommer ou non les varietes, 310, 1913, Dec.
(separate of 4 pp.). Picard, F—Les champignons parasites des
insectes et leur utilisation agricole, 468, xiii, 121-248. Rivers,
James J.—Obituary by F. Grinnell, Jr., 332, xiii, 16-17. Rudow, Dr.
—Massenhaftes auftreten von insekten, 216, xxvii, 263-65 (cont.).
Turner, H. J—The terminology of variation, 21, 1913, 303-4.
Vestal, A. G.—An associational study of Illinois sand prairie, 438,
x, 1-96. Watson, J. B—A circular maze with camera lucida attach-
ment. (Applicable to entomological research.) 324, iv, 56-59.
Weiss, F. E.—Species, varieties and hybrids, 469, 1912, 42-50.

ARACHNIDA, ETC. Hindle & Cunliffe—Regeneration in Argas
persicus, 394, vi, 353-71. Robinson & Davidson.—The anatomy of
Argas persicus, 394, vi, 382-420.

Cunliffe, N.—Rhipicephalus sanguineus: variation in size and
structure due to nutrition. Observations on Argas brumpti, 394, vi,
372-78, 379-81. Emerton, J. H.—New and rare spiders from within
fifty miles of New York City, 158, xxxii, 225-260. New England
spiders identified since 1910, 442, xviii, 209-224. Ewing, H. E.—
New Acarina. General considerations and descriptions of n. sps.
from Minnesota, Wisconsin and Michigan, 153, xxxii, 93-122. Gun-
thorp, H.—Annotated list of the Diplopoda and Chilopoda, with
key to the Myriapoda of Kansas, 164, vii, 159-182. Silvestri, F.—
Novi generi e sp. di Koeneniidae, 159, vii, 211-17.

APTERA AND NEUROPTERA. Assmuth, J.—Termitoxenia
assmuthi, Anatomisch-histologische untersuchung, 155, xcviii, 187-
316. Shull, A. F.—Biology of the Thysanoptera, 8, xlvili, 161-176
(cont.). Simroth, P.—Ueber eine verwandtschaftsbeziehung zwi-
schen Trichopteren und Lepidopteren, 465, 1911, 9-21.

A. L.—Propagation des termites par l’intermediaire de bois ou de
meubles transportes. Distribution geographique des termites, 90,
1914, 114-5, 147-8. Anon.—Biologie generale. La sexualite, 311,
1914, 5-7. Hood, J. D—Prosopothrips cognatus, a new No. Am.
thysanopteron, 4, 1914, 57-59. Smith, H. S—Mealy bug parasites in
the far East, 368, ii, 26-29. Williams, C. B—A n. sp. of Chiro-
thrips from So. America, 9, 1914, 51-53.

ORTHOPTERA. Gerhardt, U—Zum bau der spermatophore
von Gryllotalpa vulgaris, 22, xliii, 382-3. Nabours, R. K.—Studies of
inheritance and evolution in O.—1, 407, iii, 141-170.

Pe oe »*

Vol. xxv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 183

Bordage, E.—Observations biologiques sur quelques O., 200,
xlvii, 391-96. Brindley, H. H.—The proportions of the sexes of
Forficula auricularia in the Scilly Islands, 399, xvii, 326-34.

HEMIPTERA. Anon.—La gomme-laque, 311, xii, 32-34. John-
son, F.—The grape leafhopper in the Lake Erie valley, 463, No. 19.
Kershaw, J. C.—Notes on Froghoppers, Tomaspis, 470, xii, 2-12,
53-54, 95-104, 197-204. Kornhauser, S. I—A comparative study of
the chromosomes in the spermatogenesis of Enchenopa binotata
and E. curvata, 274, xii, 241-298. Lombardi, D.—Contributo alla
conoscenza morfologica e biologica della tribu Fordina, 159, vii,
149-188. Urich, F. W.—The sugar cane froghoppers and biological
notes on some Cercopids of Trinidad, 470, xii, 12-52.

Bordage, E.—Observations sur quelques Hemipteres, 200, xlvii,
397-410. Davis, J. J—New or little known species of Aphididae,
4, 1914, 41-51 (cont.). The Cyrus Thomas collection of Aphididae,
and a tabulation of species mentioned and described in his publi-
cations, 488, x, 97-121. Headlee & Walker.—The chinch bug (Blis-
sus leucopterus), 205, Bul. 191.

LEPIDOPTERA. Benjamin, F. H—Trick in mounting noctuids,
462, i, 103. Berry, L.Finding and feeding Catocala larvae, 462,
i, 102-3. Dietze, K.—Biologie de Eupithecien, 2d teil. Text, 172 pp.,
Berlin. Eltringham, H.—On the urticating properties of Porthesia
similis. Note on the structure of the fore legs in certain Lycaeni-
dae, 36, 1913, 423-27, 507-8. McGlashan, X.—Correspondence course
in entomology. Lesson VII. The care of specimens, 462, i, 108-112.
Oberthur, C.—Etudes de lepidopterologie comparee. Fasc. ix. Re-
vision iconographique des Phalenites. Lepidopteres de la Californie
decrits par Boisduval en 1852 et en 1869. 44 pp. (1913). Reverdin,
J. L.—Armures genitales male et femelle et ecailles androconiales
de Teracolus daira var. nouna, 92, x, 13-16. Rowley, R. R.—Hunt-
ing larvae of lepidopters, 462, i, 104-5. (cont.). Simroth, P.—(See
under Aptera.)

Braun, A. F.—Evolution of the color pattern in the microlepi-
dcpterous genus Lithocolletis, 409, xvi, 105-168. Dognin, P.—Hete-
ropteres nouveaux de l’Amerique du Sud, Fasc. vii, 32 pp. Gibbs,
A. E—New Central American Syntomidae, 9, 1914, 54. Kaye, W. J.
—Additions and corrections to my catalogue of the L. Rhopalocera
of Trinidad, 36, 1913, 545-85. Linstow, Dr. V.—Zur biologie und
systematik der Psychiden, 92, x, 67-71. Matheson, R.—The brown-
tail and gypsy moths, 471, Bul. No. 5. Newcomer, E. J—The case
of Vanessa californica, 4, 1914, 67-8. Oberthur, C.—Une consulta-
tion lepidopterologique, 65, xliv, 17-19. Rober, J.—Phyciodes, 173,
434-448, Schaus, W.—New sps. of noctuid moths from Tropical
America, 50, xlvi, 485-549. Seitz, A.—Melitaea, 173, 433-4.

184 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ April, ’14

DIPTERA. Austen, E. E.—Do house flies hibernate? 8, 1914,
39-40; 9, 1914, 69-70. Guppy, P. L.—Life-history of syrphid fly
predaceous on froghopper nymphs, 470, xii, 159-161. Hindle, E.—
The flight of the house fly, 399, xvii, 310-313. Koch, A.—Anato-
mische untersuchungen an Psychoda albipennis, 279, li, 163-213.
Reum, W.—Der weisse tod der “Musca domestica,” 40, xxix, 13-14.
Thompson, W. R—Osservazioni e note critiche su alcuni ditteri
Muscoidei, 159, vii, 39-58. Woodcock, H. M.—On “Crithidia” fas-
ciculata in hibernating mosquitoes (Culex pipiens) and the ques-
tion of the connection of this parasite with a Trypanosome, 22,
xliii, 370-82.

Brethes, J—Notes synonymiques sur quelques insects argen-
tins. Une nouvelle espece d’Ulidinae du Tucuman (S. Am.), 87,
1914, 58-59, 87-8. Hine, J. S—Tabanus longus, fulvulus and sagax,
143, xiv, 225-28. Silvestri, F.—Report of an expedition to Africa
in search of the natural enemies of fruit flies (Trypaneidae), with
descriptions, obsérvations and biological notes, 427, Div. Ent., Bul.
3, 176 pp.

COLEOPTERA. Grandi, G.—Gli stati postembrionale di un
C. (Otiorrhynchus cribricollis) a reproduzione partenogenetica
ciclica irregolare, 159, vii, 72-90. Matheson, R.—Life history of a
dytiscid beetle (Hydroporus septentrionalis), 4, 1914, 37-40. Schir-
mer, C.—Reiche beute im winter, 84, xxxi, 7-8. Stellwaag, F.—
Welche bedeutung haben die deckflugel der kaefer? 74, xiii, 97-99.
Der flugapparat der lamellicornier, 97, cviti, 359-429.

Beaulne, J. I—Les C. du Canada (Catalogue), 37, xl, 103-111
(cont.). Bernhauer & Schubert.—Coleopterorum catalogus. Pars
57: Staphylinidae IV, pp. 289-408. Blatchley, W. S.—Notes on the
winter and early spring C. of Florida, with description of n. sp., 4,
1914, 61-66. Kerremans, C.—Monographie des Buprestides Tribe
VII. Sphenopterini, vii, Livr. 1-3, 96 pp. (cont.). Pic, M.—N ouveaux
Anthicides exotiques, 310, 1913, 130-32. Coleopteres exotiques en
partie nouveaux, 310, 1913, 98-100 (cont.). Coleopterorum cata-
logus, Pars 58: Dascillidae, Helodidae, Eucinetidae, 65 pp.

HYMENOPTERA. Bordage, E.—Sur la biologie et l’ethologie
de divers H., 200, xlvii, 377-90. Christensen Lund, J. J—Fra insekt-
verdenen, 464, 1913, 120-1. Fahringer, J—Ueber den nestbau zweier
bienen, 92, x, 16-20. Girault, A. A—Observations on an Australian
mud dauber which uses in part its own saliva in nest construction,
92, x, 28-32. Wheeler & Mann.—The ants of Haiti, 158, xxxiil, 1-61.

Banks, N.—New American Philanthidae, 153, xxxii, 421-426. Brues
& Richardson—Descriptions of new parasitic H. from British
Guiana, 153, xxxii, 485-504. Ducke, A.—Ueber Phylogenie und

Vol. xxv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 185

klassification der sozialen Vespiden, 467, xxxvi, 303-330. Grae-
nicher, S.—Wisconsin bees of the genus Perdita. Geographical
distribution and relations to flowers, 4, 1914, 51-57. Kieffer, J. J.—
Trois nouveaux Dryinides, 87, 1914, 90-91. Morice, F. D.—Illustra-
tions of specific differences in the saws of female Dolerids, 36,
1913, 428-35. Silvestri, F—(See under Diptera.) Viereck, H. L.—
Type species of the genera of ichneumon flies, 174, No. 83, 186 pp.

CEcipoMyIIDAE, by J. J. Kierrer, Genera Insectorum, Fascicle 152,
pp. 346, pls. 15, 1913.

This comprehensive work lists some 2500 species and 330 genera
from all parts of the world. It is more than a list of the species,
since it is a generic synopsis and contains keys for the separation of
the various groups. It is well printed, the plates are admirably exe-
cuted and the copious three-column index, occupying 19 quarto pages,
makes the contents most accessible. The work has been prepared by
one who has spent years of productive labor upon the group and has
probably seen more genera and species of gall midges than any one
else. The classification in this generic synopsis and list of species
should therefore represent the latest and most advanced taxonomic
ideas. The following tabulation gives the author’s arrangement in
outline and may be advantageously scrutinized :

SvVNOPSIS OF KIEFFER’S CATALOGUE OF CECIDOMYIIDAE.

SUBFAMILIES AND NUMBER OF

NUMBER OF

NUMBER OF
TRIBES GENERA speoece ide SPECIES
CECIDOMYINAE | 285 176 | 2302
Lasiopterariae 16 6 231
Oligotrophiariae 49 34 | 678
Asphondyliariae 16 9 171
Brachyneuriariae 22 13 44
Cecidomyiariae 157 104 991
Porricondylariae 25 be) 187
LESTREMINAE 32 19 185
Campylomyzariae 24 14 15!
Strobliellariae I I I
Lestremiariae 7 4 33
HETEROPEZINAE 14 II 28
GRAND TOTAL | 331 | 206 2515

The subfamilies remain about as they have been in recent years.
There are some changes in the Cecidomyinae with which we are not
in full sympathy. One is the combination of the Dasyneuriariae with

186 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, 714

the Oligotrophiariae. This earlier separation was one we found very
convenient and, on the whole, satisfactory, though there are some in-
termediate forms which are not easily placed. The occufrence of the
latter by no means invalidates the division, since as our knowledge
increases other perplexing genera will doubtless be discovered. The
raising of Brachyneura Rond. to tribal rank and its placement with
the Cecidomyinae, all turn on the characteristics of B. fuscogrisea
Rond., the generic type. We have been able to discover no evidence
that this form possesses circumfili, and the latter certainly is not true
of American species we have referred to Brachyneura. Granting for
a moment that this genus possesses the structures and is properly lo-
cated and raised to tribal rank, we are then confronted by the fact
that the author has placed here such genera as Kronomyia Felt and
Haplusia Karsch, forms without circumfili. The tribe, as given in
this synopsis, contains some discordant elements.

We heartily endorse the reference of Aplonyx De Stefani to the
Lasiopterariae and dissent somewhat to the inclusion in this tribe, of
Camptoneuromyia Felt, a somewhat synthetic genus with, it seems to
us, more affinities with the Oligotrophiariae (our Dasyneuriariae) of
this list. The separation of Prolasioptera on account of the entire
ventral plate, and particularly because of the dorsal group of chitin-
ous hooks on the apex of the ovipositor, does not seem justified, in
view of the fact that this combination of characters is not constant
in American forms, and especially as the peculiar hooks appear in
species referable to both Lasioptera and Neolasioptera. We likewise
confess skepticism as to the validity of Meunierella Kieff., at least so
far as indicated by the American species the author referred to this
genus.

The Oligotrophiariae of this list comprise a large number of genera
and introduce some radical departures from the earlier classification.
We find Rhopalomyia Rubs. restricted to forms possessing recticulate
circumfili and uniarticulate palpi. The reduction of the palpi indi-
cates within certain limits the degree of specialization, though it hap-
pens that in the American forms there is such evident diversity in
these organs that we can not bring ourselves to believe such close di-
vision advisable, since a rigid application of this rule might, with cer-
tain American species, necessitate the referring of one-half of an in-
sect to Misopatha Kieff. and the other to Panteliola Kieff., though we
readily admit that in many instances the number of palpal segments
is a character of great value in separating allied genera. In practice
we have been unwilling in Rhopalomyia and its allies, to separate spe-
cies simply because of a divergence in the number of palpal segments,
and have always looked for some confirmatory character. A similar
condition obtains, so far as American forms are concerned, in the

Vol. xxv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 187

reference to a new genus, of a number of species of Asphondylia be-
cause of the uniarticulate palpi. In the Porricondylariae we have an
analogous condition in the author erecting Winnertziola upon char-
acters which, in American forms, have proved inconsistent in their
association, and we consequently believe that this name must become
a synonym of Winnertzia.

In connection with generic limitation we find, on referring to the
above tabulation, that nearly two-thirds, namely, 206, of the genera
listed are monotypic. This very large proportion is undoubtedly due in
part to the fact that a number of these genera represent forms from
countries where the fauna is comparatively unknown, such as Africa
and India. Greater familiarity with the gall midges in these regions
will undoubtedly show that some of these monotypic genera are rep-
resentatives of considerable series. Eliminating these from considera-
tion, we would raise a question on general principles as to the ad-
visability of adopting a classification which necessitates so many mono-
typic genera. Our familiarity with American forms indicates that
some of these later divisions must be relegated to synonomy. The
disposition of such genera in faunae with which we are unfamiliar can
be determined only by a careful study of the material. Excessive di-
vision can be easily remedied by consolidation later, and we must cer-
tainly credit the author with an honest endeavor to outline the facts
as they appear to him. In this connection we would simply voice
a sentiment in favor of proposing generic names, only so far as may
be necessary for the recognition of well marked groups, rather than
the establishment of new concepts simply to indigate minor varia-
tions. The many and varied forms of gall midges emphasize the
need of conservatism along these lines.

The author, in some instances, specifies the generic type, while in
other cases the matter is ignored. We regret an apparent tendency
to reduce some of the older genera to synonymy by grouping spe-
cies under later names. This is a matter where the student must
use his judgment to a considerable extent. We have favored wher-
ever possible, the policy of validating and establishing the older
generic names, because such procedure tended to reduce the syno-
nyms now so burdensome in many groups. We find a curious con-
dition respecting Trotteria, a genus originally defined in 1892 by
Rubsaamen as Choristoneura. The only species mentioned at the
time was obtusa Lw. This genus being preoccupied, a new name was
proposed in 1897 by Kieffer and three species mentioned, one of which
(not the one before the orfginal author of the genus) is cited as type.
This we believe to be irregular and a procedure not warranted by the
International code.

The author has made an attempt to define the subfamily, tribal and

188 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, ’14

generic characters of the larvae. He has done more along this line
than any one else, and his efforts in this direction warrant the hearti-
est approbation. It is at best a difficult subject.

Aside from general taxonomic matters outlined above, we must
call attention to the occurrence of numerous typographical and cleri-
cal errors, a portion of which are probably attributable to the printer.
These, while annoying and involving additional labor for the users
of the list are, for the most part, readily eliminated. Without at-
tempting to call attention to all the errors, we would simply state
that on page 23, Neolasioptera squamosella and N. subsquamosa are
nomina nuda, the first being based on an erroneous citation, and the
second partly due to the writer’s inadvertence in allowing the letters
“n. sp.” to remain after a detailed characterization of a species estab-
lished originally in a tabulation. The identity of our numbers, if the
two had been compared (which should certainly have been done prior
to the proposing of a new name), should have indicated a probable
identity to the compiler: A similar blunder is perpetrated in the pro-
posal of N. agrostidis, for which the writer is likewise partly respon-
sible. There are some inconsistencies in forms of citation. The au-

thor fails to distinguish in all cases between the pagination of separ- -

ates and entire works; volume or bulletin numbers are sometimes
transposed, and there is an occasional orthographical error, the latter
apparently being relatively scarce.

The generic references of American species represent, in the main,
conditions obtaining in 1908, a period when our classification was in
a tentative form. Later studies have resulted in the erection of some
new genera, with consequent division of species and, in a number of
instances, the compiler has not obtained access to the later data. In
spite of these defects, all minor in character, this work must prove of
great service to all interested in the general study of gall midges, and
the author, in its compilation, has laid his asscciates under heavy ob-
ligations.—E. P. Fett.

—_——__-+-—~+e> —-———_ -—_

Doings of Societies.
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

Meeting of October 23, 1913. Dr. Calvert, President, in the
chair. Eight persons were present. The President announced
the deaths of Dr. Horace Jayne and Prof. P. R. Uhler, mem-
bers of the Society.

Mr. Rehn made some remarks on the results of three Orthop-
tera-collecting trips to the Florida Keys and extreme southern

ee

Vol. xxv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 189

Florida, made in January, 1904, March, 1910, and July, 1912,
by Mr. Hebard and himself. The chief object of these trips
was, in addition to securing a representative collection of the
Orthoptera of the region, to determine to what extent the re-
gion was a meeting ground for tropical types and forms of
more northern distribution, by ascertaining what West Indian
types were present, what proportion of the whole Orthopteran
fauna they constituted and similar data regarding the forms of
mainland relationship. The periods of greatest and least ac-
tivity in animal life were also selected to determine the extent
of the seasonal difference in species and abundance of species.
An analysis of the distribution of the 108 species secured (all
previously recorded from the Keys having been obtained) show-
ed that the range of thirty-one species of northern affinity and
distribution had been extended to the extremity of the Florida
mainland, of four to the pine keys and of twenty-nine to the
scrub keys. Seven West Indian types were recorded from the
United States for the first time and more complete data were
secured on six species of similar relationship which had been
recorded on bare captures. Specimens illustrated the additions
to our fauna.

Mr. Laurent exhibited a-series of fifteen male specimens of
the first brood of Pieris rapae, selected from sixty specimens
captured from April 19 to May 6, as well as a series of fifteen
male specimens of the second brood, selected from a like num-
ber of specimens collected from July 10 to 31. The speaker
stated that the maculations in the first brood averaged much
.smaller than those in the second brood, in some cases being en-
tirely wanting, thus representing the variety tmmaculata. In
the first brood, the under side of the inferior or hind wings is
nearly always of a dark gray or yellow color; while in the sec-
ond brood, the color is generally light gray or almost white.
However, this only holds good with the males, as females of
both broods may have the under side of the inferiors yellow.
All the specimens were collected in the outlying districts of
Philadelphia.

Dr. Skinner exhibited a new species of Argynnis from Utah,

190 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, 14

subsequently described in Entomological News for December,
IQ13, page 450.

Dr. Calvert exhibited some Neuropteroid insects (exclusive
of Odonata) which he had collected in Costa Rica. They were
determined by Mr. Nathan Banks and included a new species
of Chrysopid.

The annual meeting was held December 8, 1913, Dr. Cal-
vert, President, in the chair. The annual reports were read.

The following was directed to be recorded in the minutes:

Mr. Ezra T. Cresson resigned the chairmanship of the Pub-
lication Committee of the Society, after having been a mem-
ber of this body for more than fifty-two years, and for the
greater part of this period its chairman.

This duty involved that of the editorship of the Proceedings
of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia and the Trans-
actions of the American Entomological Society. During the
entire period these publications have been carried on in an ad-
mirable way that leaves nothing to be desired, and they speak
for themselves. His reward must have been derived from the
pleasure of the work and the unselfish rendering of service, as
he received no other compensation. Nowhere does his name
appear as Editor in the forty-five volumes that have appeared
under his guiding hand. These volumes largely represent the
history of entomology in America and in the future, when
tribute is rendered to those who did pioneer work, no one will
receive or deserve more praise than the Founder and Treasurer
of the American Entomological Society, the great systematist
of the Hymenoptera and the Editor of the Transactions of this
Society. Such a long period of devotion to any cause is the
exception to the rule and this Society desires to put on record
its deep sense of obligation for this splendid achievement, of
our honored and esteemed member.

The annual election for officers was held and the following
were declared elected: President, Philip P. Calvert; Vice-
President, Henry W. Wenzel; Treasurer, Ezra T. Cresson;
Curator, Henry Skinner; Corresponding Secretary, James A.

Vol. xxv] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. IQI

G. Rehn; Recording Secretary, Henry Skinner; Librarian,
Ezra T. Cresson, Jr.; Executive Committee, Philip Laurent,
Henry W. Wenzel and David M. Castle; Finance Committee,
Chas. S. Welles, David M. Castle, Morgan Hebard; Publica-
tion Committee, James A. G. Rehn (Chairman), Ezra T. Cres-
son, Henry Skinner—HENry SKINNER, Recording Secretary.

Meeting of February 26, 1914. Dr. Philip P. Calvert,
President, in the chair. Eight persons present, including Mr.
W. T. Davis, of Staten Island.

Notice was read of the death, on the 24th inst., of Charles
S. Welles, a member.

Mr. Rehn made reference to the species of the orthopterous
genus Orphulella occurring on the eastern coast of North
America, mentioning the peculiar distribution of O. olivacea
on the coast as far south as the middle of Florida and again
occurring on the Gulf coast, while on the south Florida and
Mexican coasts, another species takes its place. He also re-
marked on the distribution of the genus Chortophaga in the
‘United States and West Indies. He also reported the occur-
rence of a Yucatan species of Orthoptera in Florida. Dis-
cussion followed on the difference in the species occurring
in South and North Florida, and on some of the peculiarities
in the fauna and flora of South Florida.

Mr. Davis said that the dragonflies, especially on the west
coast of Florida, were quite a nuisance to collectors on account
of their catching many of the smaller butterflies that were dis-
turbed.

Dr. Calvert referred to Prof. Wheeler’s recently published
paper on Central American Acacia Ants in the Transactions
of the Second International Congress of Entomology, com-
mented on it, and showed alcoholic specimens of acacia and
ants from Costa Rica, collected by himself.

Discussion followed a question put by a member, as to the
proper geographical limits that should be adopted for a local
collection for Philadelphia.

E. T. Cresson, JR., Secretary pro tem.

192 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [April, ’14

OBITUARY.

CHARLES S. WELLES.

Charles S. Welles died at 4.20 o’clock on the morning of Feb-
rulary 24, 1914, at his home, the “Highland,” Elwyn, Delaware
County, Pennsylvania. His death was due to embolism. He
was 67 years old.

Mr. Welles was the son of Charles Roger Welles, and was
born in Springfield, Illinois, where his family were neighbors
to Abraham Lincoln. For a time his father and Mr. Lincoln
were associated in law practice.

He was graduated from Yale in the class of 1870. He was
an active member of the Academy of Natural Sciences of
Philadelphia, of which he was a life member ; a member of the
Pennsylvania Historical Society and a life member of the
Delaware County Historical Society. He was interested in the
Presbyterian Social Union of Philadelphia and a member of
the Middletown Presbyterian Church, in Elwyn. His widow,
who was Miss Maria Pancoast, of Village Green, and two
daughters, Mrs. E. A. E. Palmquist, wife of a Cambridge,
Mass., Baptist minister, and Miss Louise Ives Welles, survive.

Mr. Welles was elected to membership in the Entomological
Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences, and in the
American Entomological Society, in 1891, and the minutes of
these bodies, as published in the early volumes of Entomologi-
cal News, record his frequent participation in the meetings.
He was chiefly interested in the Lepidoptera, but was always
glad to aid those engaged in the study of any group of insects,
as Mr. C. W. Johnson has intimated in his article in the News
for March last, page 125. Mr. Welles was the author of an
article on the ‘Destructive Work of Daremma catalpae,’ in
the News for December, 1898. For many years he served on
the Finance Committee of the American Entomological Soci-
ety. His fellow members tender their sincere sympathy to his
family in our common loss.

wor. dies

EXCHANGES.

Not Exceeding Three Lines Free to Subscribers.

8a These notices are continued as long as our limited space will allow; the new
ones are added at the end of the column, and only when necessary those at the top
(being longest in) are discontinued

Wanted—North American specimens of the following European Het-
eroptera: Dasycoris pilicornis Burm.; Gastrodes ferrugineus Linne ;
Gonianotus marginepunctatus Wolft ; Microtoma atrata Goeze ; also the
following : Orsil/us scolopax Say: Acantholoma denticulata Stal ; Agram-
modes costatus Uhl. and Galeatus peckhami Ashm.—J. R. de la Torre
Bueno, 14 Dusenbury Place, White Plains, New York.

Hydroporus and Deronectes—Species of these and allied genera
wanted from all parts of the world, either by purchase or exchange.
Specimens must be perfect, but not necessarily named.—John D. Sher-
man, Jr., 403 Seneca Ave., Mount Vernon, N. Y.

Lepidoptera—Prime specimens of butterflies from this section (either
spread or papered) in exchange for other North American species new
to my collection.—-R. A. Leussler, 1137 So. 31st St., Omaha, Neb.

Wanted for Cash—Fertile eggs of Attacus atlas, Attacus edwardsii
in season or for exchange for Actias mimosae, Antheraea pernyi and
other exotic and native eggs.—A. J. Potter, East Killingly, Conn.

I have for exchange live pupae of PA. achemon, H. aurora, P. sexta,
P. asterias, P. quinquemaculata, T. polyphemus, FE. tityrus, chersts and
A. octomaculata, also lot of dupls. in papers from Europe. Wish pupae
from Arizona, California or Mexico.—J. N. Lang, 1433 So. 59th Avenue,
Cicero, IIl.

Urania riffius—Most beautiful exotic to exchange for other exotics or
rare Catocolas of North America.—Jos. H. Reading, 1436 N. Rockwell
St., Chicago, IIl.

Coccidae—California Coccidae exchanged for specimens from all parts
of the world.—E. O. Essig, Secretary State Commission of Horticulture,
Sacramento, Cal.

Wanted—Geometridae from the Southern, Middle and Western
States. Offer in exchange liberal numbers of Texan Lepidoptera.—Dr.
F. W. Russell, 4119 Cedar Springs Road, Dallas, Texas.

Wanted—Insect Life, Vol. V, No. 5, and Bibliography of American
Economic Entomology, No. 4. Write offer.—Geo. M. Greene, 1303 N.
54th St., Philadelphia, Pa.

Miss Sarah Maul, 14 Channing St., N. W., Washington, D. C. Col-
lector and breeder of Lepidoptera. Purchasers wanted.

The undersigned will greatly appreciate receiving records of New
Jersey species not listed in Smith’s Insects of New Jersey.—Harry B.
Weiss, 272 Hale St., New Brunswick, N. J.

N. A. Coleoptera for Exchange—My list of over one thousand spe-
cies of N. A. Coleoptera is now ready. If you wish to exchange,
answer by sending me your list of what you have to offer.—Philip Lau-
rent, 31 East Mt. Airy Ave., Philadelphia, Pa.

I offer for exchange a few perfect, bred specimens of Vanessa goner-
illa in papers. Desire many common North American species of Lepi-
doptera, both Macro and Micro.—Fred Marloff, Box 104 Oak Station P.O.,
Allegheny Co., Pa.

Photographs of Entomologists Desired.

The Entomological Section of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural
Sciences desires for its entomological album the photograph of every
entomological student. The collection contains over 300 at this date.
A list was published in the News 10902, pages 45-47, of those in the
album at that time. We hope that those who can do so will write their
names and date of birth and the date when the photograph was taken
on the back of each photo, along with any other information concern-
ing themselves they may wish to impart.

e

NEW JERSEY ENTOMOLOGICAL COMPANY

HERMAN H. BREHME, Manager

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An extensive monograph of the genera Bombus and Psithyrus. A work
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every student of Hymenoptera who is interested in this family, and may be
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