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Plate XIV.

ENT. NEws, VoL. XXIX.

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OVIPOSITION OF NOTONECTAE (HET

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA.

Vor. XXX. JULY, 10918. No. 7.
CONDENS:
Hungerford—Concerning the Oviposi- |! Emergency Entomological Service (U.
tion of Notonectae (Hem.)......... 241 SBME pte APIic.)tasemie selec al-teleictoea 271
Braun—New Genera and Species of Fletcher—The Cottony Cushion Scale,
Lyonetiidae (Microlepidoptera)... 245 Icerya purchasi, in Ceylon (Ho-
Beutenmuller—Description of a New TAO O CCIC AG) dno areiaialeiotain. ole: silaieias 274
Periclistus (Cynipidae, Hym.)..... 251 | Entomological Literature.............- 274
Cockerell—A Remarkable New Bee of Review of Fletcher: Report of the Pro-
the Genus Oxaea (Hym.).........- 252 ceedings of the Second Entomolo-
Watson—Hemileuca burnsi, its specific gical Meeting held at Pusa........ 277
validity and habitat (Saturnidae, Review of Barnes and McDunnough : &.
LE Did! 55. s.cis s.c,00 oteisreneeioreheleieiesie ates 252 Contributions to the Natural His- =
Wickham—An Interesting new Species tory of the Lepidoptera of N. Amer. 277
of Eleodes (Col.: Tenebrionidae).. 255 | Doings of Societies—Ent. Sec. of The
Caudell—Re garding Diapheromera Acad. of Nat. Sci. Phila. (Orthop.,
veliei Walsh and Manomera blatch- Odonata ieee ece ae cece bee =e 278
leyi Caudell-(Orth.: Phasmidae).. 258 Twenty-Fifth Anniversary Meeting
Dunn—The Lake Mosquito, Mansonia of the New York Entomological
titillans Walk., and its Host Plant, SOCTELYe eters eto eee estas ete eicronetels 278
Pistia stratiotes Linn., in the Canal The Entomological Society of France 278
Zone, Panama (Dip.: Culicidae).. 260 Feldman Collecting Social (Coleop.) 279
Editorial—‘*‘ Making the Editorial of Foundation of the Entomological
Greater Use in Entomology”’...... 270 SOCIELY Ol SP AIM areclelsiosieries valcsieiere 279
Currie—Occurrence of the Damselfly Obituary—Gustave Adolphe Baer...... 280
Argiallagma minutum (Selys) in a Charles Edwin Sleight...... 280
Southern Florida (Odonata)...... 27510) | ETLACUDI «=)e\c101< edhalelats/aiuintne © aisiais cie/eieolais 280

Concerning the Oviposition of Notonectae (Hem.).

By H. B. HuNcerrorp, University of Kansas, Lawrence,
Kansas. :
(Plates XIV, XV)

This short paper is presented to clear up certain points
concerning the oviposition of the back-swimmers of the genus
Notonecta in America.
attention to the diversity of statement in regard to the egg-
laying of the European N. glauca and to the fact that the
American species are said to differ markedly from N. glauca
as reported by Regimbart.

In view of the careful work of this French writer, who
stated that the European form inserts its eggs in the stems of
plants, the writer regarded it as strange that all the American

In a former paper the writer called

species should simply affix their eggs to plants and other sup-
ports in the water. In view of the observations of Essenberg
in California and Bueno in New York, however, it appeared
likeiy that such might be the case.

241

242 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ July, 718

In order to account for the apparent discrepancy the writer
undertook an investigation of the ovipositors of such forms
as he could find about Ithaca, New York, viz., N. undulata,
N. variabilis, N. insulata and N. trrorata.

It was apparent at once that the first three possess struc-
tures ill adapted to making incisions in plant tissues of suffi-
cient size to receive the eggs. The last species, however. ps-
sesses an oOvipositor capable of performing such a function.
(Compare Plate XIV, Figs. 1 and 5, and Plate XV, Figs. 9
and 5.) Upon the basis of this preliminary examination it
was asserted that N. irrorata would be found to place its eggs
in the tissue of plants.

Nothing more was done about the matter until spring, when
N. irrorata females were observed to place their eggs in the
stems of moneywort (Lysimachia nummularia L.), Juncus,
and dead Typha stems.* Here then was a member of the
genus Notonecta in America that agreed with Regimbart’s
notes on N. glauca, and the writer became interested in a
little study of the form and function correlated with the activ-
ity under discussion.

N. glauca was secured for study through the kindness of
Edmund Gibson, of the National Museum. One female, a
pinned specimen, was relaxed sufficiently to permit the re-
moval of the drilling parts. An examination of these parts
disclosed the fact that they resemble those of our N. irrorata
rather than those possessed by the rest of the American series
examined. (See Plate XV, Fig. 6.)

Sufficient material of N. irrorata, N. undulata aad N vari-
abilis was examined to establish the fact that there exists for
these forms at least some constancy of size and form. An
examination of the accompanying Plate XV will suffice to in-
dicate that, although all are equipped to abrade the surface
of the stems, only N. irrorata** of our American forms pos-

sesses an oOvipositor comparable to that of the European
glauca.

*See Hungerford. Ento. News XXVIII. p. 271, foot note.
** The palaearctic N. Jutea, reported for this country, also possesses
this sort of a structure. (See Plate XV, Fig. 1.)

Vol. xxix] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 243

In the rather compact tissue of Moneywort the eggs of N.
irrorata are occasionally so placed as to resemble closely the
figure presented by Regimbart. In one case, where Chara
alone was available, two or three eggs were hidden in the
mud lodged in one of the lower axils of the plant. As a rule,
however, the eggs are placed at or below the surface level of
the supporting tissue. In a water-soaked Typha leaf several
cases were noted where two eggs had been deposited through
one puncture. (See Plate XIV, Fig. 2.)

On the other hand, N. undulata. N. variabilis, N. insulata,
N. indica and an undescribed species reported by Essenberg
attach their eggs to the stems and the reader may draw his
own conclusions for the others that have been figured. (See
Plate XV.) The writer would be glad to receive notes con-
cerning the habits of oviposition of any of the Notonectae
not hitherto recorded.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

BERLESE, ANTONIO A. 1909.—Gli Insetti . . . Vol. I, p. 299.

Durour, Leon. 1833.—Recherches anatomiques et physiologiques sur
les Hemipteres. Mem. Savants étrang. Acad. Sc. Paris. Vol. 4,
pv. 129-462.

Heymons, R. 1899—Beitrage zur Morphologie and Entwicklungsges-
chichte der Rhynchoten. Nova Acta. Acad. Leop. Carol. Vol. 74,
Pp. 349-456.

Heymons, R. 1899.—Der Morphologische Bau des Insektenabdomens ;
Ago Ctrpl Vol, ps 5372

Huncerrorp, H. B. 1917.—Egg Laying Habits of a Backswimmer,
Buenoa margaritacea. Entom. News. Vol. XXVIII, p. 174.

Recimpart, M. 1875.—Observations sur la ponte du Dytiscus mar-
ginalis et de quelques autres Insectes Aquatiques. Ann. Soc. Ent.
HGe(S)ee\e ps 204.

ScHRopER, Cur. 1913.—Handbuch der Entomologie. Vierte Lieferung,
Bd euleaps LO:

Scutopre, J. C. 1870——On some new Fundamental Principles in Mor-
phology and Classification of Rhynchota. Annals of Natural His-
tory, Vol. VI.

SHEPHERD, Forest. 1847.—On the Habits of Notonecta glauca.
Silliman’s American Journ., Ser. 2, Vol. 4, p. 423; also Ann. and Mag.
Nate Elist? ‘Ser: 2Vols Lp.) 158) ers48:

VERHOEFF, C. 1893.—Vergleichende Untersuchungen uber die Abdomi-

nal-segmente der weiblichen Hemiptera, Heteroptera und Homop-
tera; Verh. Naturh. Ver. Rheinl. Westf. auch Diss. Bonn.

’
244 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ July, 18

WESsFELSCHEID, HEINRICH. 1912—Ueber die Biologie und Anatomie
von Plea minutissima Leach. Zoologische Jahrbticher, Jena,
XXXIII, p. 387.

WESENBERG-LUND, C. 1913.—Fortpflanzungs-verhaltnisse; Paarung
und Eiablage der Siisswasserinsekten. Fortschritte der Naturwissen-
schaftlichen Forschung, VIII, p. 195.

EXPLANATION OF PLATES XIV anv XV.
PraTE XIV.

Fig. 1. Ventral view of the genitalia of the female N. irrorata show-
ing the drilling parts of the ovipositor—indicated by V. It is
one of these parts that is figured from three aspects in Plate
XV, figure 9.

Fig. 2. A portion of water-soaked cattail leaf showing two eggs of
\. irrorata deposited through one puncture.

Fig. 3. Egg of N. irrorata in Moneywort stem. The embryos usually
develop with cephalic end at micropylar pole of the egg. This
one is reversed as shown by the eyespot of the developing
nymph within.

Fig. 4. Egg in Moneywort showing the nature of the rent through
which the nymph escaped. Postnatal molt removed.

Fig. 5. Ventral view of the genitalia of the female N. insulata, show-
ing the drilling parts of the ovipositor—indicated by V. It is
one of these parts that is figured from three aspects in Plate
XV, figure 5.

PLATE XV.

This plate contains three views of the left member of the first pair
of gonapophyses of the female of each of the species of the genus
Notonecta available in this country. Two species have been omitted
because of the lack of material.

The views are from left to right: Outside or lateral view—ven-
tral view showing the organ on edge—Inner view. All of the draw-
ings were made with camera lucida and drawn to the same scale. The
length of the adult, together with outside measurements of the ovi-
positor are added for purposes of comparison of relative size of
parts. The writer believes that a study of these organs should be
taken into account in determining relationship of species. A study of
a wide series would certainly establish the range of variability in size
and shape of these parts and in some cases (if not all) aid in specific
determinations. The drawings here presented are, however, intended
to indicate merely the correlation of this organ with the habit of
oviposition.

Fig. 1. Notonecta lutea. Size of adult, 13-17.1 mm.; valve of ovi-
positor, 1.625 mm. x .725 mm. Specimen loaned by Mr. Gib-

son, of Nat. Mus. Taken in Finland by Sahlberg and determined
by Kirkaldy.

Ent. NEws, VOL. XXIX. Plate XV.

H.B.HungerFend. — del

GONAPOPHYSES OF NOTONECTAE (HET.).—HUNGERFORD.

1. N. LUTEA. 2. N. RALEIGHII. 3. N. UNDULATA. 4. N. VARIABILIS.
5. N. INSULATA. 6. N. GLAUCA. 7. N. MEXICANA. S. N. SHOOTERII.
9. N. IRRORATA. 10. N. UHLERI. 11. N. INDICA.

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Vol. xxix] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 245

Fig. 2. Notonecta raleighii. Size of adult, ?; valve of ovipositor
.4 mm. x .25 mm. Specimen given to me by Mr. J. R. de la
Torre Bueno.

Fig. 3. Notonecta undulata. Size of adult, 10-13 mm.; valve of ovi-
positor, .5 mm. x .312 mm. Material from Ithaca, New York,
and Lawrence, Kansas.

Fig. 4. Notonecta variabilis. Size of adult, 8.2-10.2 mm.; Valve of
Ovipositor, .4 x .312 mm.

Fig. 5. Notonecta insulata. Size of adult, 12.6-15.5 mm.; valve of
ovipositor, .7 x .425 mm. Material from Palo Alto, California.

Fig. 6. Notonecta glauca. Size of adult, ?; valve of ovipositor, 1.125
x .55 mm. Loaned from Nat. Museum by Mr. Gibson; a
specimen from England, collected by Uhler.

Fig. 7. Notonecta mexicana. Size of adult, 11-14 mm.; valve of
OVipositor, .7 x .5 mm. Specimens from Arizona.

Fig. 8. Notonecta shooterti. Size of adult, 8-13 mm.; valve of ovi-
positor, .65 x .375 mm. Specimen given to me by Mr. J. R.
de la Torre Bueno.

Fig. o. Notonecta irrorata. Size of adult, 11.8-14.4 mm.; valve of ovi-
positor, 1.675 x .575 mm. Material taken at Ithaca, N. Y.

Fig. 10. Notonecta uhleri. Size of adult, 12 mm.; valve of oviposi-
tor, .65 x .35 mm. Specimen given to me by Mr. de la Torre
Bueno.

Fig. 11. Notonecta indica. Size of adult, 10.5 mm.; valve of ovipositor,
5 xX .375 mm. Material from Douglas, Arizona, collected by
Dr. Snow.

New Genera and Species of Lyonetiidae (Micro-
lepidoptera).
By ANNETTE F. Braun, Cincinnati, Ohio.

Opostega bistrigulella n. sp.

Head and thorax white. Fore wings white; an oblique fuscous
spot at the middle of the dorsal margin with its apex pointing toward
the apex of the wing. In the cilia before the apex are a very oblique
costal and opposite dorsal streak, the dorsal a little the more oblique
and running to the base of the black apical spot. A fuscous line in
the cilia around the apex about equally distant from the apical spot
above and below the apex, and leaving between it and the oblique
costal streak a patch of pure white cilia. Hind wings and cilia almost
white. Legs pale yellowish white. Abdomen grayish. Expanse: 12
mm.

246 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. | July, 718

Locality: Loma Linda, California, April 23 and May 27.
(GR. Pilate:)

Types in author’s collection.

Especially characterized by the shape of the apical line in
cilia.

Bucculatrix ceanothiella n. sp.

Face and head white, the tuft with a few brown scales, antennae
white, the stalk annulate with dark brown. Ground color of thorax
and fore wings white, with sparse dusting of dark brown scales.
The dusting becomes more dense along base of costa, and in the basal
third of dorsum. Markings formed of groups of dark-tipped scales
are situated as follows: a triangular costal spot just beyond one-
third; a large oblique streak beyond the middle, becoming attenuated
in the middle of the wing and continuing as a line of dark scales to
the middle of the hind margin; a scarcely defined grouping of
dark-tipped scales before the apex on the costa; a rather large semi-
circular spot on the middle of the dorsum, with a few darker scales
on its inner side on the fold. Cilia whitish, with a dark line from
apex to dorsum. Hind wings and cilia pale silvery gray. Legs whitish.
Tarsal joints dark-tipped. Abdomen whitish. Expanse: 6.5 mm,

Locality: Colton, San Bernardino County, California.

Type in author’s collection.

The larva is a miner in the leaves of Ceanothus, forming
at first a small semi-transparent brownish blotch mine; later
it feeds externally on the under side of the leaf. Cocoon
white, marked with indistinct ridges. La7wa in February;
imago April 5.

Bucculatrix latella n. sp.

Face and antennal eye-caps white; tuft on the head white, usually
with a group of ocherous hairs in the middle posteriorly. Fore wings
white, with scattered minutely brown-tipped pale ocherous scales;
a broad ocherous streak, sometimes nearly obsolete, from base along
fold to one-fifth; on the middle of the dorsum a large conspicuous
ocherous patch sometimes reaching the middle of the wing, and
bordered internally just above the margin by a small patch of darker
brown-tipped raised scales. A little beyond this on the costa, there
is a more or less distinct patch of the pale ocherous brown-tipped
scales. At the end of the cell is a minute, but distinct black dot. A
patch of pale ocherous dark-tipped scales in the apex of the wing;
the ocherous shade in the scales sometimes lacking, leaving only the
dark tips. Hind wings grayish, cilia ocherous at their bases, shading
outwardly to pure white. Legs whitish. Expanse: 10-12 mm.

Vol. xxix] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 247

Locality: Loma Linda, California, April 21 to June 4.
WG: k. Pilate, )
Types in author’s collection,

Bucculatrix quadrigemina n. sp.

Face and antennal eye-caps white, antennal stalk annulate with
brown. Tuft whitish, mixed with pale fawn. Fore wings whitish.
There are four rather distinctly defined costal patches of ocherous
brown-tipped scales; the first, within the basal fourth, oblique on its
outer edge, passes into a pale ocherous shade below the fold; the
second, narrower and more oblique; the third, broad and diffused,
becoming pale ocherous toward the middle of the wing, where it
meets the apex of the second spot, and a dorsal patch of darker
. brown-tipped raised scales occupying the middle of the dorsum oppo-
site the space between the second and third costal spots. The fourth
costal patch, lying just before the apex, is sometimes extended to en-
close the entire apical portion of the wing. A small patch of dark-
tipped scales on the dorsum lies between the dorsal raised scales and
the apical patch. Cilia white, dusted with dark-tipped scales, especially
opposite the apex and beneath the apical patch of dark-tipped scales.
Hind wings and cilia gray. Legs grayish buff, tarsal segments tipped
with black. Expanse: 7 mm.

Locality: Loma Linda, California, June 18 to 30 (G. R.
Pilate).

Types in author’s collection,

Bucculatrix eupatoriella n. sp.

Face pale yellowish. Tuft ocherous in front shading to reddish
brown behind. Antennal eye-caps ocherous shading to reddish out-
wardly; stalk, brown. Thorax and fore wings bright brownish or
reddish ocherous; markings silvery metallic. At the basal two-fifths
an oblique silvery costal streak; a little nearer the base an oblique
silvery dorsal streak, followed immediately by a patch of dark brown
raised scales. At two-thirds a second oblique costal streak, margined
internally especially on the costa with dark-tipped scales, and oppo-
site this a pair of almost confluent silvery dorsal streaks, the first
margined internally, the second externally with dark-tipped scales.
In the cilia above the apex is an elongated dull white spot; beneath
this a transverse streak of silvery scales forms the inner border of a
small black apical spot. Cilia gray with a row of brown-tipped
scales extending from the dull white costal spot to the dorsum. Hind
wings and cilia dark gray. Legs gray; basal and apical fourth of
hind tibiae dark with black spurs, middle portion and hairs silvery;
tarsi black-tipped. Abdomen dark gray above, silvery beneath. Ex-
panse: 5.5-0.5 mm.

248 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ July, 18

Localities: Cincinnati, Ohio; Balsam, North Carolina.

The type is from Cincinnati and is one of the series of
reared specimens.

Type and paratypes in author’s collection; paratype in the
collection of the Entomological Branch, Department of Agri-
culture, Ottawa, Canada. ‘

The pale green larva feeds on Eupatorium perfoliatum,
making at first a very long much-contorted linear mine, later
feeding externally on the under side of the leaf, eating small
patches and leaving only the upper epidermis. A single leaf
contains often twenty or more mines. The white-ribbed co-
coon is spun on the under side of the leaf, usually up against
the midrib. Larvae and cocoons collected August 13, pro-
duced imagoes from August 16 to 24. An earlier generation
of moths appears at the beginning of July.

This species is allied to B. trifasciella Clemens, but differs
from it in the brilliant luster of the markings and the ab-
sence of the costal streak near the base.

Bucculatrix insolita n. sp.

Face dark gray, tuft of whitish and dark gray or brown scales in-
termixed; eye-caps grayish, antennal stalk black. Thorax and basal
third of fore wings white to a line extending a little obliquely out-
ward from costa to dorsum. Costal edge from base almost to one-
third black; a few scattered black scales near base of dorsum, and
usually a patch of ocherous fuscous dusting on the fold within the
basal third. Middle third of wing blackish, bordered outwardly by
two oblique curved white streaks, meeting in the middle of the
wing. Apical third of wing dusted with fuscous, black and tawny
scales. A white costal streak precedes the apex, in which there is a
small black spot. Cilia dark gray, with a line of black-tipped scales.
around the apex. Hind wings and cilia fuscous. Legs black, tarsal
segments silvery at base. Abdomen blackish with silvery gray anal
tuft. Expanse: 7-7.5 mm.

Locality: San Bernardino Mountains, California (August
29-30), with the note “beaten from fir.”

‘Types in author’s collection.

The very striking contrast between the almost white basal
third and the black middle of the wing will assure immediate
recognition of this species.

Vol. xxix] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 249

Bucculatrix pertenuis n. sp.

Face and head white. Tuft white with a few darker hairs in the
middle, varying from pale ocherous to brown. Antennal stalk
brownish. Ground color of the thorax and fore wings creamy white,
markings varying from pale ocherous with sparse dusting, to
brownish ocherous. The extreme edge of the costa near the base is
black or dark brown, and just within the costa is some scattered
darker dusting. An ocherous streak along the fold reaches one-third
oi the wing length. Just before the middle of the wing, there is a
narrow curved very oblique costal streak, which, before reaching
the middle of the wing, bends and runs parallel to costa; its apex
meets a slightly less oblique and broader, more darkly dusted costal
streak beginning at the middle of the costa and running more or less
distinctly across the wing into the dusting just before and beneath
the apex. A broad triangular costal spot before the tip of the wing
Scattered dusting along the base of the dorsum joins an outwardly
curved rather broad streak on the middle of the dorsal margin, marked
on its inner side just beneath the fold by a black dot. Beyond this
streak at the tornus is a dusted spot. A more or less distinct line of
dusting in the apex extending obliquely toward base. A dark line
around the apex in the cilia. Hind wings pale grayish ocherous. Legs
whitish, anterior pair and tips of tarsi dark brown. Expanse: 6.5
mm.

Locality: Winnfield, Louisiana, June 27 to July 9 (G. R.
Pilate).

Types in author’s collection.

EXEGETIA new genus.

Head and face smooth; tongue moderate. Antennae two-
thirds, in male shortly ciliate, basal segment, enlarged, flat-
tened, concave beneath, and further enlarged by a pointed flap
of scales projecting anteriorly and at apex to form a rather
large eye-cap. Labial palpi short, drooping, second joint with
some rough projecting scales beneath. Fore wings narrow
lanceolate with the apex slightly downturned; 1b furcate at
base, 2 represented only by a short spur just before 3, 3 con-
tinuous with lower margin of cell, lower angle of cell not well
defined, 4 and 5 connate, 7 and 8 stalked to near costa, 7 to cos-
ta, 9 and 10 from near end of cell, 11 from before middle; cell
open between 5 and 7. Hind wings two-thirds, lanceolate, cilia -

250 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ July, 18

3; 5 and 6 coincident, stem perceptible to base; cell open be-
tween 4 and 5 + 6, and between 5 + 6 and 7. Hind tibiae
smooth.

Genotype: Exegetia crocea n. sp.

Allied to Erioptris Meyr. and Otoptris Meyr., especially to
the former. In general aspect, it resembles Tischeria, to
which it is also related, but is relatively narrower and longer
winged.

Exegetia crocea n. sp.

Face, head and antennal eye-caps light reddish ocherous; antennal
stalk fuscous. Fore wings pale ocherous, reddish tinted at the base,
with a little fuscous dusting on costa near base; shading to reddish
ocherous toward apex. Hind wings and cilia pale ocherous. Legs
ocherous, irrorated with purplish fuscous. Abdomen ocherous, grayish
toward tip. Expanse: I1 mm.

Locality: Owen River Valley, California.

Type in author’s collection.

DICRANOCTETES new genus.

Head, smooth; tongue present. Labial palpi long, slender,
widely diverging, terminal joint two-thirds of second, acute.
Maxillary palpi obsolete. Antennae two-thirds, finely ciliated
in the male, basal segment flattened, scarcely enlarged. Fore
wings ovate-lanceolate, apex sharply upturned; Ib simple, 2
absent, 3 from angle and continuous with lower margin of
cell, 4 absent, 5, 6 and 7 out of 8, 5 from near base of stalk,
7 to costa, g connate with stalk of 5, 6, 7 and 8, cell open be-
tween 9 and 10, 11 from before middle of cell; cell narrow,
margins becoming coincident at base. Hind wings, one-half
lanceolate, cilia 3; 4 absent, 6 absent, cell open between 3 and
5. Posterior tibiae with bristly hairs above.

Genotype: Dicranoctetes angularis n. sp.

Allied to Hieroxestis Meyr., particularly in general fea-
tures of the neuration, but differing in the smooth head and
absence of maxillary palpi. All the veins indicated in the de-
scription as present, are distinct, showing no tendency toward
obsolescence.

. - \
Vol. xxix | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 251

Dicranoctetes angularis n. sp.

Face and palpi silvery; a spot at the base, in the middle and tip of
the terminal segment of palpus black; head and antennae gray.
Thorax and fore wings gray shading outwardly to brownish black.
Just beyond the middle is an angulated white fascia almost inter-
rupted in the middle by the blackish ground color. Costal and apical
cilia white; two nearly perpendicular black streaks in the costal
cilia; a black streak extending outward into the apical cilia, with a
faint streak branching obliquely upward from it. A black apical
spot. Cilia below the apex gray, with a black line through them
starting a little below the apex. Hind wings and cilia gray. Legs
silvery, fore and hind tarsi gray. Expanse: 7 mm.

Locality: Mountain Lake Park, Maryland, July 26.
Type in author's collection.

Description of a New Periclistus (Cynipidae, Hym.).
By WILLIAM BEUTENMULLER, New York.

Periclistus castanopsidis, sp. nov.

9. Head yellowish brown, face striately punctate, vertex and
cheeks finely punctate. Antennae 14-jointed, yellowish brown, some-
what darker terminally.

Thorax black, collar yellowish brown or black, finely punctate and
pubescent. Parapsidal grooves almost continuous, not quite extend-
ing to the collar and most distinct at the scutellum; the grooves are
parallel to about the middle, then curve inwardly to the scutellum
where they are moderately widely separated. Anterior parallel lines
exceedingly fine and scarcely evident. Median groove wanting. Lateral
grooves scarcely evident. Pleurae black, striate, with a large black,
glossy area. Scutellum black, rugose, basal fovea large.

Abdomen yellowish brown with a large brown-black dorsal patch,
smooth and shining.

Legs pale yellowish brown. Wings hyaline. Radial area closed.
Cubitus continuous. Areolet large. Length, 2.25 mm.

iabiat:, Iruckee, California’ (H. G.,Dyar)-

Described from two females reared from galls of Andricus
castanopsidis Beutm., on Castanopsis chrysophylla, March
14, 1914. It is a guest-fly.

Type: Collection United States National Museum. Co-
type: Collection of Wm. Beutenmuller.

252 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ July, 18

A Remarkable New Bee of the Genus Oxaea (Hym.).
By T. D. A. CocKERELL, Boulder, Colorado.

I have just received a bee, collected by Dr. Eugenio Gio-
comelli, at La Rioja, Argentina, which looks like a Centris,
but actually belongs to the rare genus Oraea. The superficial
resemblance to Centris is such that I began running it through
the tables for that genus, until I noticed the entirely different
venation. We appear to have an excellent case of Miullerian
mimicry. ;

Oxaea haematura n. sp.

@. Length, 19 mm.; head black, with white hair, short fuscous hair
on occiput; facial quadrangle about as broad as long; eyes green;
labrum with a strong median ridge, the upper part of which is
grooved; clypeus closely punctured but shining; antennae black;
thorax black, very densely covered with hair as in the similar species
of Centris, this hair dorsally bright fulvous, ventrally creamy-white ;
tegulae clear fulvous; wings strongly dusky, nervures piceous; legs
black; hind tibiae and tarsi with stiff black hair, but the tibiae with
a large loose white scopa beneath; abdomen with the first four seg-
ments brilliant blood-red, dull, hairless, almost impunctate, but the
second segment shows fine punctures; fifth segment black, glistening,
well punctured, posteriorly with a thick black fringe, and on each
side with a tuft of creamy-white hair; apex with black hair; apical
plate very broad, the middle portion elevated; venter dark, the first
three segments with bright ferruginous hind margins.

Quite unlike any other Oraea; nearest to the Brazilian O.
rufa Friese, which has dark-brown hair, and is considerably
larger.

Type in the writer’s collection.

Hemileuca burnsi, its specific validity and habitat
(Saturnidae, Lepid.).

By J. Henry Watson, Withington, Manchester, England.

Sir George Hampson has lately called my attention to a

note by Dr. Dyar in Insec. Insc. Mens. of December, 1916,

on the locality of H. burnsi, which I. described in Trans.

Manch. Ent. Soc. 1910, as from the Truckee Pass, California,

Vol. xxix] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 253

and in which I am rather “hauled over the coals” for having
given an erroneous locality. For this reason only he accepted
this as a distinct species from H. neumoegeni as it was from
a different life zone from the latter species, its actual local-
ity being Reno, Nevada, a town some thousands of feet
lower down the pass. He, however, entirely ignores the fact
that I distinctly stated Reno, Nevada, on two subsequent oc-
casions (Ent. News XXIII, p. 97, and Ent. News XXIV, p.
130,) where I described certain forms of burnsi as having
been bred from pupae collected by Mr. Burns at Reno, Neva-
da, and which, according to Dr. Dyar’s interview with Mr.
Burns, appears to be its correct locality.

Well, first I have yet to learn that an insect’s title to rank
as a separate species depends on its vertical distribution and,
secondly, I, myself, am totally unacquainted with the dis-
trict and gave the localities as J] received them from Mr.
Burns. But apart from this, this insect is not neumoegeni,
and I am not quite so surprised at Dr. Dyar’s not identifying
it correctly, for he states the specimen figured in Packard,
Mon. of the Bomb. Moths of N. A., Vol. ITI, Pl. LX, fig. 7,
to be a male, whereas it is a female, as can be distinguished
by its black and white banded body. The male of burnsi is
described and figured by myself as well as ab. i/mae as having
an all cream body, and the question is whether Dr. Dyar had
seen a male. I am quite aware that, apart from my own col-
lection, there were very few specimens of this insect in the
U.S. A. collections ; just as on this side of the Atlantic there
are very few neumoegent. To my knowledge at the time of
describing burnsi, both this insect and nemmoegent were en-
tirely wanting in all European collections that I am acquaint-
ed with: Berlin, Leiden, Paris, Mons. Chas. Oberthur’s Coll.
at Rennes, the British Museum, Rothschild’s collection at
Tring and the Oxford and Manchester Museums among the
larger ones. Since burnsi has been described, however, I
have examined the only four specimens of newmoegeni in Eu-
rope that are known to me: these are the four male speci-
mens in the Oxford Museum, taken at Prescott, Arizona, by
Dr. Kunze, June, 1910, and of which I was very kindly al-

254 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [July, 18

lowed to add one to my collection. I do not know the female
except from specimens figured in Packard’s Vol. III, but the
four specimens examined, as well as all the photographs of
specimens of neumoegeni, can be distinguished from burnsi
invariably by the body color, by the color of the antennae and
by the dead white texture of the wings of newmoegeni, which
Dr. Barnes calls attention to in Packard’s Vol. III, and which
Dr. Dyar remarks upon. My own series of burnsi, including
the ab. iJmae and other forms amounts to 133 specimens, of
which 45 are males; now it appears these are all from Reno
instead of some from the Truckee Pass, as given to me by Mr.
Burns. (Mr. Burns, like many other field workers, is cer-
tainly not one of the best caligraphists, and, as a matter of
fact, nearly all of his most interesting letters to me are writ-
ten in pencil.)

There is not one of these specimens which cannot be dis-
tinguished from the four specimens of neumoegeni, which I
have examined, and the splendid photographs of the type
specimen and other specimens figured in Packard, by two or
three characters which are palpable: a small lozenge-shaped
transparent spot (not found in burnsi) in the cell of the fore-
wing in neumoegent; the light orange brown antennae in both
sexes of neumocgent compared with the black brown of burn-
si; the cream body of burnsi males and the orange brown
body of neumoegeni; and another character which can be read-
ily noticed is that on the forewing, the submarginal wavy
band ends on the costa with a slight curve towards the apex
in neumoegent; this is constant in the single specimen which
I have and in all the photographs of this insect, in either
sex, figured in Packard, but which is not so in any specimen
of burnsi, which I possess or have seen (compare Packard,
Plate LXIII, figs. 5, 6 and 7, and plate LX VII, figs. 1 and
2).

I have in preparation some additional notes on Packard’s
Vol. Ill and I am stating there that the food plant of H.
burnsi is sagebush, as Mr. Burns stated in a letter to me
about two or three years ago. Apart from the fact that Dr.
Dyar calls attention to this erroneous locality, I think that

Vol. xxix] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 255

would put the matter right, as I believe the habitat of the
plant would give the habitat of the insect.

Might I say in conclusion, if anything further were needed
to show the specific distinction between these two insects, that
on an occasion before the insect was described, when I was
at Tring I read Edward’s original description of neumoegeni
out while Dr. Jordan examined a specimen of burnsi, and
when we had gotten half-way through Dr. Jordan said, “You
may stop, that description does not apply to this insect at all.”
This was after Dr. Dyar suggested that I should not describe
this insect as their investigator was examining a Hemileuca in
S. Nevada. Who that investigator was, or what the insect was,
I am uncertain. If it was Prof. Aldrich, the larvae which he
was investigating and which were used as food by the In-
dians, some of which were sent to me for identification, were
not the larvae of H. burnsi, as they fed on willow on the mar-
gins of streams. If it was Mr. Ainslie, the insect that he was
investigating and of which I have a long series, was Exleuco-
pheas oliviae, which feeds on various hard grasses but which
I succeeded for a time in getting to feed on some of our com-
mon English grasses.

ds

An Interesting new Species of Eleodes (Col. :
Tenebrionidae).
By H. F. Wicxua, Iowa City, Iowa.

During the late autumn of 1916, I was engaged by the U.
S. Bureau of Entomology in making some field investigations
of Eleodes. Until fairly recently, these insects were not
known to inflict much damage upon field and forage crops,
but it now looks as 1f they might have to be reckoned with in
various sections of the semiarid interior, since the larvae have
developed considerable capacity for depredations upon wheat.
In the course of my work, I came across one very small but
interesting undescribed species, occurring in abundance in the
bean-growing district near Willard, New Mexico, and, though
it has not yet been reported as troublesome, it seems desirable
that a name be assigned in order that some use may be made

256 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [July, 18

of the field notes and experimental records now in the files of
the Bureau. The following description is published by off-
cial permission.

In making out the diagnosis, I have tried to follow the gen-
eral outline laid down by Dr. Blaisdell*, without attempting
his extreme refinement of detail. The new species runs easily
to his subgenus Tricheleodes and is readily separable from
either of the two already described by its much smaller size
and different vestiture. It is probably very local in habitat,
otherwise it seems as if specimens must have come to hand
in some of the numerous collections made in the southwest-
ern states during the past fifty years.

Eleodes barbata new species.

Ovate, about twice as long as wide or occasionally a little more
elongate,. clothed with sparse, curved, golden hairs, intermixed with
very much longer straight, erect, black ones.

Head feebly convex, frontal suture hardly visible and then only
in certain lights; punctuation strong but not coarse nor very dense,
with a tendency to form indistinct series radiating from the center of
the vertex; hairs similar to those on the prothorax but shorter. An-
tennae reaching about two-thirds to the prothoracic base, outer three
joints moderately incrassate, hardly compressed, third joint scarcely
or barely equal to the next two taken together, fourth and fifth sub-
equal, eighth hardly larger than the seventh.

Pronotum widest near the middle, about three-fourths as long as
wide, disk moderately convex from side to side, strongly shining,
golden hairs of the inner coat numerous but not obscuring the sur-
face, long black hairs sparser, punctures strong and deep, of moderate
size, separated by their own diameters or more on the median area,
closer and more confused at sides, where they are distinctly muricate.
Apex arcuately emarginate, finely beaded on each side of the middle;
sides nearly evenly arcuate, a little more rapidly narrowed posteriorly,
distinctly margined, the bead fine, attaining the base which is truncate,
finely margined at middle, a little more strongly at sides, subequal to
the apex; hind angles small but distinct. Propleurae polished, rather
strongly, irregularly and more or less rugosely punctured.

Elytra oval, strongly shining, widest along the middle third, base
truncate, humeri rounded, sides more arcuate basally and apically, sub-
parallel medially; apex rounded, obtuse, disk convex on the dorsum,
more strongly so laterally, posteriorly rather suddenly but not quite
vertically declivous; surface very densely, seriately but not quite reg-

* Ballenn 63, U. Ss: National Museum, Washington, 1909.

Vol. xxix] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 257

ularly punctate, the punctures moderately deep, muricate or subas-
perate, especially towards the sides and tip. Vestiture double, similar
to that of the pronotum.

Epipleurae finely, rugosely punctured. Meso- and metathoracic side-
pieces shining, punctures moderate in size, deep, more or less crowded
or confluent. Abdomen sparsely hairy, moderately punctured, the last
segment much more finely and sparsely.

Legs of moderate length and stoutness, relatively shorter than in
#&. hirsuta, closely and fairly coarsely punctured, with double vestiture,
the long hairs more numerous upon the tibiae than on the femora.
Thighs simple, fore and middle tibiae about straight, hind tibiae very
plainly recurved or bent upwards at tip.

The first abdominal segment is distinctly shorter than the second
and third united. The prosternum has a strong mucro upon its pos-
terior face. The spurs of the fore tibiae are rather slender, slightly
curved and subequal to each other in both sexes, but are longer in the
female: those of the middle and hind tibiae are straight, the inner much
longer than the outer. The male has a flatter abdomen than the fe-
male and is less robfist.

Length, 6 to 7.25 mm. Breadth, ¢, 3 mm., 9, 3.50 mm.

In general appearance, this species recalls FE. hirsuta Horn,
but differs in size, outline, and many other characters. Some
of the most readily seen differentials in F. barbata are the
relatively longer elytra with more pronounced humeri and
more broadly rounded apex, the double vestiture with decid-
edly more conspicuous long hairs, relatively shorter legs and
antennae, sparser prothoracic punctuation and shorter first
ventral. It looks decidedly like an Amphidora, but-a study
of the generic characters inclines me to place it in Eleodes.
Little difference exists in the tarsal vestiture of the Blaptini
and the Amphidorini, as defined by LeConte and Horn* but
the. present insect goes better with Eleodes by the form of
the elytral epipleurae and the size of the tibial spurs.

Numerous specimens were taken under dried dung among
short brush in the fine sandy soil about Willard, New Mexico,
in September. a

Types have been returned to the U. S. Bureau of Ento-
mology.

1883, pp. 373 and 375.

3
258 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ July, 18

Regarding Diapheromera veliei Walsh and Manomera
blatchleyi Caudell (Orth.: Phasmidae).

By A. N. Caupext, of the Bureau of Entomology, U. S.
Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.

The type material of Diapheromera veliei Walsh consisted
of one female specimen from Illinois, taken in a place over-
grown by weeds beneath the boughs of two isolated ash trees,
and one pair from Nebraska taken by Dr. Velie in a place
overgrown by weeds but with no trees within a long distance
of it. The description drawn from these three specimens ap-
pears to apply to Manomera blatchleyi so far as concerns the
female, but the characters ascribed to the male apply to the
true velici. The slender acute basal spine of the cerci of the
male described by Walsh certainly pertain to veliei rather than
to blatchleyi and, besides, if it had been the male of blatchleyi
Walsh had before him he would very surely have mentioned
the but slightly swollen intermediate femora as a character
decidedly at variance with those of D. femorata, the species
with which he compared this new species. That he did specifi-
cally notice the middle femora is evident from the fact that
he mentions their lacking the brown banding of femorata.
Thus it appears very certain that, while the female from Illi-
nois was quite surely a specimen of MM. blatchleyi, the male
from Nebraska, probably also the Nebraska female, was the
true velici. That the male is to be rightly considered as the
specific type is evident from the fact that the male is morpho-
logically the more important in this group and that this con-
struction is according to good sense and in compliance with
Par. 73h of the Entomological Code of Nomenclature.

Diapheromera veliet may be distinguished from Manomera
blatchleyi by the comparatively shorter and anteriorly broader
head of both sexes, by the strongly swollen intermediate fem-
ora of the male and by the posterior femora of both male and
female being furnished beneath with a prominent subapical
spine, in .anomera this spine being either entirely absent or
very small. The last dorsal segment of the abdomen of the

Vol. xxix] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 259

female is longer in blatchleyi than in veliei, being about 4 mm.
_in the former and 3 mm. in the latter; the cerci of the female
Manomera are also decidedly longer than in either Diaphero-
mera veliei or femorata, the actual length in adult individuals
before me being 3.75 mm. in blatchleyi, 2 mm. in veliei and
1.25 mm. in femorata. Additional characters for the separa-
tion of the males of veliei and blatchleyi are found in the inner
basal projections of the cerci, these being slender and apically
acute in veliei, while in blatchleyi they are blunter and stouter,
less so, however, than in D. femorata.

Diapheromera veliei is apparently not at all a common spe-
cies and probably does not occur in [linois, or rarely so.

Material in the National Museum comes from the following locali-
ties; San Diego, Texas, May 15th, one ¢, Schwarz; Victoria, Texas,
August 24th, one ¢, W. E. Hinds; 40 miles South of Alice, Texas,
June 15th, 1904, one mated pair, Barber; Stillwater, Oklahoma, one
6, Caudell; Garden City, Kansas, July 27th, 1891, one 9; Lakin,
Kansas, July 27th, 1801, one ¢@; Pipestone, Minnesota, August 4th,
191I, one 6. The locality labels on the Kansas specimens are not per-
fectly legible and, as the dates are the same, it is possible that they
are from the same source.

As represented by the above listed material this species is
seen to extend across the Middle States from Texas to Min-
nesota. The exact local habitat of none of these specimens is
known except of the mated pair from 4o miles south of Alice,
Texas; these were taken by Mr. Barber on weeds or shrubs
on the prairie some distance from any woodland. This agrees
with the habitat of the type.

Manomera blatchleyi is represented in the National Museum
by material from Iowa, Indiana, Illinois, Kansas, Oklahoma,
Maryland, Virginia, New York and New Jersey. The Atlantic
Coast material is composed of female specimens only, but they
appear to agree specifically with specimens from the type local-
ity. The Middle West specimens, so far as known, were taken
in open field or prairie regions. Of the Atlantic Coast speci-
mens I took one in the woods on a stone and Mr. Barber took
one on a post by the Club House on Plummer’s Island, Mary-
land. These are the only ones of which I know the exact

260 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ July, 718

local habitat, but my good friend, Wm. T. Davis, of Staten
Island, New York, who has taken these insects in numbers,
assures me that this is not a tree species. The following quo-
tation is from a recent letter from him on this question: “I
have collected a great many females of the Manomera that
occurs about New York, and have seen a great many more
that I let stay in the low vegetation, so that they might not
be exterminated. I have always found the insects on golden
rods, Asters and such like plants, and can assure you that it
isn’t a tree species.’ This conforms with the known habitat
of more western material and seems to make rather sure the
determination of these eastern specimens as blatchleyi. It is
certainly singular that among the somewhat ample material
of Atlantic Coast specimens found in various eastern collec-
tions not a single male is to be found. Can it be that this in-
dicates parthenogenesis ?

The Lake Mosquito, Mansonia titillans Walk., and
its Host Plant, Pistia stratiotes Linn., in the Canal
Zone, Panama (Dip.: Culicidae).*

By L. H. Dunn, formerly Entomologist of Board of Health
Laboratory, Ancon, Canal Zone.

That the formation of Gatun Lake introduced new elements
creating prominent changes in the flora and insect fauna of
the Canal Zone, Panama, is manifest beyond all doubt. Prior
to the beginning of the construction of the Gatun Dam and
the Spillway, the area now covered by the lake was traversed
by the swift-flowing Chagres River and the numerous smaller
rivers forming its tributaries. The Chagres afforded good
drainage throughout its valley with the exception of a low
marshy area south of Gatun. This area was known as the
“Black Swamp.” It was several square miles in extent and
of irregular formation. In the dry season this region con-
sisted of a series of small lakes, pools and sluggish streams.

* Read before Peaneriel gee Seles Ree [sth Canal Zone,
January 18, 1918.

Vol. xxix] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 261

In the rainy season nearly the whole of this area usually be-
came inundated and formed a large swamp with considerable
jungle growth.

In 1910, when the construction of the dam and spillway had
progressed sufficiently to cause an appreciable interruption in
the flow of the Chagres River, great changes began to take
place in the topography of the lower Chagres Valley. Dur-
ing that year the Chagres changed from a swift rolling river
with sea level at Gatun during high tide to a small lake, some
current being still retained through the portion occupying the
former river channel. This lake slowly widened and formed
estuaries both to the east and west as the low valleys permit-
ted. It also gradually extended southward with a quieting
effect on the former swift current. During the wet season
of 1910 this lake reached a depth of 18 feet. During 191!
sufficient water was retained to increase the depth to 20 feet.
In 1912 a depth of 56 feet was present. In 1913 enough water
was released to reduce the depth to 48 feet, and the water was
at this level when the gates of the spillway were closed on July
I, 1913. With the closing of all the gates the depth increased
from month to month until January 1, 1914, when the surface
of the lake reached its required elevation, approximately 85
feet above sea level. At this elevation the lake has a surface
area of more than 170 square miles and a depth of more than
87 feet in its deepest parts. At some points it extends south-
ward to a distance of 9 or 10 miles outside the Canal Zone.
The irregularities of its contour causes it to have a shore line
of more than 1000 miles.

Prior to the formation of this great artificial lake, Mansonia
titillans, the “lake mosquito”

as we are terming it on account
of its abundance in the lake regions—and its host plant, the
wild water lettuce, Pistia stratiotes, were present in compara-
tively small numbers in the Canal Zone.

Before the waters of the lake flooded the “Black Swamp,”
a few scattered masses of the water lettuce occurred in the
_various small bodies of water found within the area of this
marshy region. A few more small isolated colonies were also

262 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. | July, 18

to be found in a low-lying marshy area in the vicinity of An-
con and Balboa. A few plants were also reported present in
a marshy area in the vicinity of the upper Trinidad River.

The spread of this plant at that time was very slow. The
isolation of the colonies in shallow pools, which became almost
devoid of water during the dry season, proved rather unfavor-
able for its multiplication at the Pacific end of the Zone. The
scattered small masses in the Chagres Valley were prevented
from increasing to any great extent by the fact that when
heavy rains occurred all colonies that had spread from the
ponds and pools, in which they were growing, to the small
streams, were invariably swept down by the increased current
of the latter to the Chagres. They were then carried along on
the surface of this river to the sea. However, with the rising
of the lake and the cessation of the currents the rivers were
gradually changed to sluggish bodies of water. The plants
then left the small pools to which they had been previously
confined and floated on the surface of the rising waters, driven
about by the action of the winds. They were soon carried to
the outer periphery of the inundated lowlands, where the
thick forest growth and stagnant waters offered good protec-
tion and opportunity to flourish under these altered condi-
tions. Consequently they increased so rapidly that large float-
ing islands were soon formed. This rapid expansion con-
tinued until today in some parts of the lake these plants may
be observed covering the surface of the water in masses sev-
eral miles in diameter, reminding one of bright-green, level
meadows.

Before the increase of the Pistia took place in the Canal
Zone, but few specimens of its associated mosquito, Mansonia
titillans, were to be found here. In writing of this mosquito
Knab! remarks, “In working over the mosquito material from
the Canal Zone collected by Messrs. Busck and Jennings from
1907 on, the absence of this characteristic species was most

1Knab, Frederick. Changes in the Mosquito Fauna of Panama.
Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, Vol. XV,
No. I, page 41, I913.

NW OLX xix] ENTOMPLOGICAL NEWS. 263

striking. Mr. Busck reported it from only one locality, Lion
Hill, and Mr. Jennings did not send it in at all.’ The same
writer,” in mentioning the abundance of this mosquito at a
later date (1913), states, ‘In lots of mosquitoes taken recently
and sent for determination by Mr. James Zetek, the entomol-
ogist of the Canal Zone, both Mansonia titillans and Aedeo-
myia squamipennis appear in considerable proportion.”

That M. titillans has continued to multiply with consider-
able rapidity is plainly shown by the number of this species
found among the mosquitoes caught by hand in the habitations
of the Canal Zone. From February 1, 1916, to January 31,
1917, out of a total catch of 391,019 mosquitoes, 251,332, or
more than 64 per cent., were of this species.

The association of the larvae of M. titillans with the Pistia
plant was first discovered by Prof. H. W. B. Moore,? of
Georgetown, British Guiana, in 1910. Later, in 1915, he’
succeeded in observing also the egg-laying habits of the adult
female. The habits and life history of this mosquito are more
peculiar and interesting than those of any other of the many
varieties of whose habits and life history we have any knowl-
edge.*

The egg of this species is small and dark colored. One end
tapers into a slender elongation which equals about one-half
the length of the egg. This elongation gives the egg the gen-
eral appearance of a minute Indian club minus the hand-
grasp. Eggs freshly deposited by females confined in breeding
jars, which did not contain plant life, were pale white but

2 Thid.

° Moore, H. W. B. Found at last. The Daily Argosy Demerara,
Jan. 27, 1910. Quoted by Dyar and Knab in Entomological News,
Vol. 21, p. 259, 1910.

4Dyar and Knab. Eggs and Oviposition in Certain Species of

Mansonia. Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus. Vol. IV, Nos. 4-6, p. 62,
1916.
' [*Comparison should, however, be made with the similar habits of
the larva of Culex perturbans. See Smith, J. B., Ent. News, xix, pp.
22-25, pls. iii-iv, Jan., 1908, and Grossbeck, J. A., t. c., pp. 473-476,
pl. xxiii, Dec., 1908.—Ep.]

264 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. | July, 18

changed to a dark brown in a few hours. They were usually
scattered over the surface of the water. Under natural con-
ditions the eggs are attached to the under surface of a Pistia
leaf lying flat, or nearly so, on the surface of the water.

While ovipositing the female clings to the edge of the leaf
or hangs suspended by her legs between two leaves that are
nearly contiguous. The lower end of her abdomen curves be-
neath the edge of the leaf and the eggs are attached in a mass
to its under surface.

Ordinarily mosquito larvae live free in the water and secure
their air supply at the surface. This species adopts a some-
what different mode of procedure. The breathing tubes in
both the larval and pupal forms are so modified as to enable
them to attach themselves to the roots of the Pistia and se-
cure their air supply directly from the plant at some distance
from the surface. When a young larva of M. iitillans
emerges from the egg it descends into the mass of rootlets of
the plant and pierces the thin outer skin of one of them with
its pointed air siphon. The siphon remains in this small
opening and the larva grows and passes the larval stage at-
tached to the host plant in this manner.

The filamentous roots of the Pistia forms a mass heavy
enough to cause them to hang straight downward in the wa-
ter. The larvae, when attached, also usually hang with head
downward. Naturally the anal gills extend outward in an
opposite direction from the air-siphon. Occasionally the lar-
vae are observed to change this position and lie extended at a
right angle to the root. It has also been noted that while in
this horizontal position they frequently swing around with a
circular motion, the attached siphon acting as an axis. Very
likely this latter position is assumed while feeding. It is
very probable that they feed on the microscopic plankton,
desquamations from the plant roots, and other vegetable de-
bris found in such profuse abundance among these masses of
roots. Larvae have been observed so thickly coated with
small particles of decayed vegetable matter that, when in the
water, they could hardly be recognized as larvae, if attention

Vol. xxix] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 265

were not directed to them by their motion. This covering
usually consists of desquamated particles from the plant
roots, which, becoming attached to the hairs of the larvae,
causes them to resemble small pieces of decayed vegetable
fibre. This is especially true of larvae found in small land-
locked pools at the side of a river, where the water is usually
stagnant,

The young larvae that emerged from eggs deposited by fe-
males in confinement rarely lived longer than twenty-four
hours and never seemed to take any food.

Although we have not been able to study the development
of the larvae under natural conditions, it is nevertheless quite
manifest from laboratory observations that they develop very
slowly. Young larvae that have been removed from their en-
vironment and placed in breeding jars containing Pistia plants
readily attached themselves but never lived longer than eight
days, showed no appreciable increase in size and did not pu-
pate. Large larvae that were apparently mature and ready: to
pupate also readily attached themselves to the plants when
placed under these conditions, but they also seemed to be
rather short-lived when confined in breeding jars. Usually
those that failed to pupate within seven or eight days after
being placed in the jars died before pupation. A few lived
for longer periods of time and succeeded in reaching the pupal
stage. One full grown larva attached to a plant lived in a jar
for nineteen days and then pupated. In confinement they
seem to thrive better in water that is stagnant and quite foul
with vegetable debris than in clean fresh water. Naturally
this is due in part to the increased food supply found in the
water containing the extraneous matter.

When placed in a dish containing no plant life the larvae
are capable of living for a few days as free living larvae,
somewhat similar to those of Culex. They hang head down-
ward with the air-tube at the surface of the water, going back
and forth from the bottom to the surface to feed and breathe.
Very often they will hang from the surface for long periods
of time and they also seem to be capable of remaining at the

2606 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ July, 18

bottom under water for extended periods. They seem to have
an aversion for sunlight and will descend and bury them-
selves in the debris at the bottom of the container as soon as
it is placed where the sun can shine on it. Usually when pro-
gressing through the water they move backwards with a quick,
jerking, sideways movement of the abdominal segments. They
are rapid in movement and when at the bottom of a dish are
difficult to take up in a pipette on account of being able to
propel themselves through the debris so rapidly. They sel-
dom live longer than five or six days in a jar which does not
contain Pistia plants.

That the pupa forms and makes it escape from the larval
skin without causing the latter to become detached from the
air-supplying rootlet is quite evident as the empty larval skins
are frequently found still attached.

Like the larvae, the pupae also attach themselves to the
Pistia and secure their air supply from the porous rootlets.
The respiratory tubes of a pupa are long and slender and
curve backward, downward and slightly outward. When at-
tached to a plant the tips of these tubes are sometimes direct-
ed inward and inserted in the root so closely together that they
nearly join in the plant tissue. At other times they are in-
serted with nearly the width of the pupa between the two
tips. We have never observed these tubes inserted widely
apart as the outward curve of the tips would lead one to sus-
pect would be the procedure. The pupae often hang sus-
pended by the air-siphons with the head and dorsal surface
proximate to the rootlet.

When placed in breeding jars the pupae survive and seem
to change to imagines as readily as under natural conditions,
whether the plants are present or not. If plants are present
the pupae soon affix themselves to the rootlets and remain
attached during the pupal period. If no plants are present
they obtain their air-supply at the surface of the water like
other pupae, and are able to move about at either the surface
or the bottom with apparently equal facility. The pupal period
ranges from two to five days. A three-day period seems to
be the average.

Vol. xxix] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 267

Although we have carefully observed a number of pupae,
we have not been able to witness the actual emergence of an
imago from a pupa when attached to a plant. When in con-
finement it would seem that the greater percentage of adults
emerge at night, usually between midnight and morning, pos-
sibly during the early morning hours. However, from what
we have observed on the emergence of the imagines, we are
convinced that the pupae detach themselves and ascend to the
surface when the time for the adults to emerge arrives. Pupae
have been noted attached to the roots at certain points and
after the ecdysis a close search has been made for the pupal
skins; none were ever found attached to the points previously
noted. When adults emerge in breeding jars containing Pis-
tia, pupal skins are found on the surface of the water. Re-
peated careful examinations of the plants for attached empty
skins, after the emerging of the adults, always proved nega-
tive.

From laboratory observations we assume that a pupa at-
taches itself to the roots so lightly that the first struggles of
the imago, in attempting to escape from the pupal skin, alone
suffice to detach the air-tubes from the plant tissue, and allow
an ascent to the surface. An examination of an empty pupal
skin discloses that the imago forces itself through the dorsal
surface of the cephalothorax, and the position of the air
siphons im siti would not permit of the passage of the imago
between them on its way to the surface—which would he the
course indicated by the position frequently maintained by the
pupa when attached—without causing them to become detached
from the plant.

The adult mosquito of this species is easily recognized by
the narrow, light-colored band on the proboscis, large palpi,
brown thorax, truncated abdomen, wings densely clothed with
broad dark brown and yellow ‘scales which give them a mot-
tled appearance, and the yellowish white bands on the tarsi.
While resting, the mosquito assumes a crouching position,
with the thorax and abdomen held close to and parallel with,
the surface on which it rests. The legs are held in such a
position that the femorotibial joint, or knee, of each leg ex-
tends above the level of the thorax and resembles a small in-
verted letter V. This gives the appearance of the body being
suspended from the legs, rather than supported by them. —

This species of mosquito is tropical or subtropical in its
habitat. It is widely distributed, being found in some parts
of the Southern States, Mexico, Central and South America,

268 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ July, 718

and the Antilles. In Panama it is at present the most ubi-
quitous mosquito of the Gatun Lake region. It is a strong
flier, and travels for long distances and may be encountered
in the jungle several miles from the lake shore.

Between twilight and sunrise seems to be their favorite
time of activity. In the evening, shortly after sundown, they
begin their search for a blood meal. They may then be en-
countered in towns and settlements, in the forests, and also
flying about over the surface of Gatun Lake at some distance
from the shore. They appear to be strongly attracted by light
and the smell of man, and enter houses, either screened or un-
screened, without any hesitation. Being sure and vigorous in
flight, they are especially adept in entering screened houses.
Alighting on the outside of the screens at points nearest to
the lights, they dart through an opened door at the first op-
portunity, cr find holes or rents in the screening through which
they can enter.

They will fly over Gatun Lake and bite occupants of boats,
if not at too great a distance from the shore, as readily as
men in the forests. The writer has been bitten by this species
while in a steam launch at least three-quarters of a mile
from the nearest shore. This was during early twilight, about
6.30 P. M. Although the launch was traveling at the rate of
eight miles an hour, they did not seem to be deterred from
their attempts to gain a meal of blood. They could be plainly
observed darting under the awning of the launch by the doz-
ens. Although the most of their attacks were directed at our
ankles near the bottom of the boat, where they were protected
from the wind caused by the boat’s passage, they did not
neglect our hands and faces which were above the level of
the boat’s gunwales. Many of these winged hypodermics were
also plainly visible darting around the light at the bow of the
boat. It appeared that we were either going through large
numbers of them flying in the air, or else a number were
keeping pace with our boat and flying about the bow light.
The evening was calm with no appreciable wind blowing over
the lake. Frequently these mosquitoes will also apparently
without the least hesitation, enter railway trains, as they stop
at the several stations in the lake region while en route across
the Isthmus, and prey on the passengers.

Although they will bite readily during all hours between
sunset and sunrise, they shun the light as much as possible
and do not usually bite in bright daylight. However, in a
darkened room of a house, or along narrow trails through the

——_To

Vol. xxix | ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 269

jungle where the luxuriant growths furnish ample shade they
will attack one as viciously during the day as at night time.

This mosquito is a persistent biter and thin clothing some-
times offers but little protection against them. A thin shirt,
if it fits closely, is no defense against their attacks. They will
also pierce heavy drill riding breeches, and if the attacks are
directed at the knees—where the breeches are usually tight
when one is sitting down—they can extract a meal of blood
without much difficulty.

We have confined females of this species in a test tube
and then applied the latter to the palm of the hand; the tough
cuticle was pierced and engorgement took place as readily as
on a thinner area of the skin.

When biting the female usually lowers her head and buries
the proboscis as deeply as possible in the skin, meanwhile ele-
vating the abdomen. As soon as the proboscis is inserted to
its full length, the abdomen is lowered until the posterior end
practically rests on the skin. The head is then raised and the
proboscis slowly withdrawn until only the tip remains in the
puncture. The alternate insertion and withdrawal of the pro-
boscis, which may be likened to the action of a plunger. in a
pump, continues until the female becomes gorged. One fe-
male was observed to insert and practically withdraw her pro-
boscis twelve times during a feeding of two minutes’ dura-
tion. Although this is the usual mode of procedure in feed-
ing, a few females have been noticed to insert the proboscis
as deeply as possible and remain almost motionless, filling
with blood slowly but steadily and’ occasionally expelling a few
small drops of bloody fluid per anum. This sometimes con-
tinues for a period exceeding ten minutes. Although females
confined in breeding cages when allowed to bite unmolested,
are slow in becoming gorged as compared with other vari-
eties of mosquitoes, they are very persistent and will gorge
themselves nearly to the bursting point. One female was
noticed to take blood very slowly, with the mouth parts deeply
inserted, and became apparently full of blood in six minutes.
She then withdrew the proboscis, walked about a little, and
after expelling a few drops of dark-colored fluid from the
anus, again inserted the proboscis and began taking more
blood. She remained in sitw ten minutes this second time.
At the end of this period she walked up on the side of the cage
and rested, apparently so full of blood that she was unable to
fly.

(To be continued.)

Vol. xxix] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 271

Notes and News.
BNTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS
OF THE GLOBE.

Occurrence of the Damselfly Argiallagma minutum (Selys) in
Southern Florida (Odonata). ;

In a small collection of dragonflies made by Mr. C. A. Mosier on
Paradise Kev, Royal Palm State Park, in the Everglades of Dade
County, Florida, November, 1917, and deposited in the National Mu-
seum by the Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of
Agriculture, through Dr. W. E. Safford, were two female specimens
of this interesting little dragonfly. This appears to be the first record
of the occurrence of this Neotropical species within the limits of the
United States.

The species was described from Cuba in 1857. Dr. Calvert, in the
Neuroptera volume of Biologia Centrali-Americana, pages 376-377,
records it from Calisco, Cuba, (one male and one female collected by
Poey) and from Los Amates, Guatemala, (one male collected Janu-
ary 16, 1905, by Mr. E. B. Williamson).

The monotypic genus Argiallagma, as stated by Dr. Calvert, be-
longs in the same division of the legion Agrion as do Hyponeura and
Argia, but differs from those genera in that the long biserial hairs are
less numerous (5-7 on the third tibiae), the postcubitals are fewer in
number so that the nodal sector arises near the fifth postcubital on the
front wings and near the fourth on the hind wings (origin of this
sector one or more postcubitals farther distad in Hyponeura and
Argia), and the female has an apical ventral spine on the eighth ab-
dominal segment.

No doubt additional collections made in this picturesque section of
Southern Florida will bring to light other interesting dragonfly rec-
ords.—RoL__ta P. Currie, Bureau of Entomology, United States De-
partment of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.

Emergency Entomological Service. (U.S. Dept. Agric.)

In the following summary of number 12 of these reports, dated
June 1, 1918, topics are arranged in the same order as that followed
in the summary of number 11 (ENT. News, June, 1918, pages 234-236)
for ease of comparison.

Climatic Effects on Insects.—At the insectary at East Falls Church,
Virginia, little winter killing of wood-boring Cerambycid larvae was
observed and data are given for the conclusion “that a continued low
temperature is more fatal to these wood-boring larvae than fluctuating
low temperatures and that the fatal low temperature is somewhere
between 15-20 deg. [F.] below zero. Also there seems to be a greater
mortality in exposed wood than in moist logs on the ground. The
difference in humidity under these conditions may be an important
factor.” Milder winters around Washington seem to have more dis-
astrous effects on the European Pine Sawfly (Diprion simile Hartig)

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

PHILADELPHIA, PA., JULY, 1918.

“Making the Editorial of Greater Use to Entomology.”

As a result of the editorial under this title in the News for
June we have received the following:

I noted in your editorial in the last issue of the Ent. News that
you wished to know how the editorials might be “made of greater use
and assistance to the progress of entomology.” If in some way it
would be possible for an editor to give information in his subject to
those who wish to learn some of its phases with which he is un-
familiar, | am sure you would earn the “undying gratitude” of many
a “would-be” investigator like myself, who knows little of what has
already been done and lacks the necessary material to investigate
phases of the subject which are worthy of further study. This, how-
ever, would place an undue burden on the editor; but if he could
undertake to put the applicant into communication with some one
who would be willing to give information or lend material, it would
certainly be a great help to anyone in my position, who has no one
to consult with other than those he chances to hear of, or takes the
liberty of writing to, and whose material for study is limited to what
he can collect, or cajole some more fortunate individual to lend him.
I have found entomologists to be wonderfully sympathetic and ready
to help to the fullest extent of their ability; but | know of others who
dislike to appear so shamelessly bold as to ask favors from utter
strangers, and have therefore gone without the needed material and
information which my brazen “cheek” has obtained for me, but if
these persons had some way of getting in touch with entomologists
through the medium of your editorial columns or otherwise, I think
this would help one class of investigators, at any rate. 1 must admit,
however, that I am “speaking two words for myself, and one for the
other fellow,” and this proposition is so onesided, that I imagine most
people would not care to bother with it. As far as my own material
is concerned, I’d be orly too willing to lend it to anyone who needs
it, in order to help on the good work and to pass on the assistance I
have so freely received from others, and if you know of anyone who
needs material I would be glad to help him out as much as Tam able.

The News and its editors, through editorials or otherwise,
will be glad to help our correspondents to get in touch with
other workers whose assistance may be the one thing needful
for the prosecution of researches on which they may be
engaged.

270

272 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ July, 18

than the severe winter of 1917-18. The past winter is thought to have
had no appreciable effect in decreasing or retarding the appearance of
the tent-caterpillar near Washington, D. C.

Aphids.—“A few warm days in early April followed by a cool
rainy April and a cool May have resulted in the most serious out-
break of aphids that western Oregon has experienced in recent years.
Practically no type of crop or plant has escaped infestation and in the
majority of cases the attack is extreme”; Macrosiphum pisi is espe-
cially mentioned. Experimental work to destroy the insects took
several forms. A wooden drag, ro feet long, 18 inches wide, pulled
by a horse through 12 acres captured 140 pounds of aphids. A fungus,
“Empusa aphidis Hoffman, is killing aphids in great numbers, but ap-
parently only in limited areas.” The same Macrosiphum is doing
considerable damage to later pole varieties of peas in Louisiana.

“After an unusually mild and open winter, followed by a cool and
rainless spring,’ Macrosiphum creclii appeared in great numbers on
alfalfa near Fernley, Nevada. The rosy apple aphis is unusually abun-
dant in the Rogue River valley, Oregon, and has done injury to apples
in West Virginia; the green peach aphis, Mysus persicae, is abundant
at Wenatchee, Washington. Complaints of the melon aphis (Aphis
gossypit) come from California, Texas and Alabama, of the bean
aphis (A. rumicis L.) from California, Ohio and New Jersey. In
New Jersey, “the rosy apple aphis and other aphids of the orchard,
especially Aphis pomi, received such a severe set back from the April
snow and sleet storm that injuries are inconsequential.” Apple aphids
“are relatively scarce” in Connecticut. The non-appearance of aphids
at Wichita, Kansas, up to May 16, is noted as unusual; they “are very
scarce throughout the entire western part of Michigan.”

Sweet Potato Weevils.— Observations on the Sweet Potato Weevil
(Cylas formicarius Fab.) in flight are recorded, although it is believed
not to fly long distances. Another weevil, which attacks this plant in
Jamaica, has been found on Calonyction aculeatum and Ipomoea pes-
caprac at Moore Haven, in extreme southern Florida. It is Euscepes
porcellus Boh., very closely related to the so-called sweet potato
“scarabee” (E. batatac).

Control of the Colorado potato beetle in Louisiana appears to be
succeeding.

Damage by the chinch bug in Texas will depend much on weather
conditions; in some counties they are very abundant.

In May, in York County, Maine, Lachnosterna tristis “visited
shade trees in such numbers that their flight made a noise that
exceeds that of a dozen swarms of bees . . . a very unusual
record for Maine.”

Vol. xxix] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 273

Plum curculio attacks are mentioned for the Ozark region of
Arkansas and Southern Indiana.

The pear thrips continues its attacks in California, prunes being
largely affected.

Cotton boll weevil reports come from Arkansas, southeastern Ala-
bama, southwestern Georgia and from Florida. Prodenia ornithogalli,
Diacrisia virginica and cutworms are injuring Texan cotton.

While grasshoppers (\/elanoplus sp.) will apparently be especially
abundant in western Montana this season, it is thought that the in-
fested territory will not be so extensive as last year, as a large amount
of the then vacant land has been ploughed up. From eastern Oregon
comes the report: “Will make May 11 our first big drive when we
expect out at least 500 people. Expect to mix and spread about 3000
pounds of poison then as about 300 acres of egg deposits will be
ready to treat. The hoppers are not leaving the egg beds to any ex-
tent yet, but remain massed up. In some places several acres will be
completely covered with hoppers, several deep.”

Injurious Insects of Great Abundance.—Among other injurious
insects special mention is made of the fall web worm in Florida and
the pecan nut case bearer (Acrobasis hebesceila) in Texas, both on
pecans; the blackhead fireworm on cranberry in Washington; cut
worms in Texas on all kinds of plants, in Arizona, Oklahoma, Kan-
sas, Tennessee, Indiana, Wisconsin, Georgia, Pennsylvania and New
Jersey; the potato flea beetle (Epitrix cucumeris Harr.) in many
localities; the larger stalk borer (Papaipema nitela Guen.) on tomato
in Mississippi; the asparagus beetle (Crioceris asparagi L..) in Mary-
land and Virginia; mealy bugs (Pseudococcus) and Pulvinaria sp. on
figs in Louisiana, the Argentine ant being a potent factor in the dis-
tribution of the mealy bugs; grain weevils (Silvanus surinamensis,
Calandria oryzae) in warehouses in Oregon. The gipsy moth has
gained additional ground in Connecticut.

A class in the Entomology of Disease, Hygiene and Sanitation
composed of about forty members of the United States Bureau of
Entomology has been formed. The course of study will consist of
thirty or more lectures, about one-half hour in length, followed by
reviews of important publications. The course is principally aimed at
training a large group of men for army and municipal sanitary ento-
mology. The proceedings are mimeographed and will be sent to any
one desiring to enrol! in the class. Teachers not now presenting
courses in this subject may possibly desire to give the course to
groups of advanced students. All correspondence should be addressed
to the class secretary, Jacob Kotinsky, Bureau of Entomology, Wash-
ington, D. C.

274 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [July, 18

The Cottony Cushion Scale, Icerya purchasi, in Ceylon (Homop.,
; Coccidae).

Information has recently been received from the Government of
Ceylon to the effect that Icerya purchasi has become established in
that Colony, and a leaflet issued by the Ceylon Department of Agri-
culture gives further information, whereby it appears that this pest
was first discovered in December, 1915, on Acacia decurrens on an
estate in the Agrapatnas, Central Province, and that by October, 1916,
it had increased in numbers and spread on to Acacia dealbata. In
August, I916, it was discovered in enormous numbers in an Acacia
forest at Ambawela and subsequently was found on Acacias at
Galaha and Upper Hewaheta, appearing also on Citrus trees at
Galaha. It has apparently also been found on other trees at Kandv.
It thus becomes apparent that Jcerya purchasi has obtained a firm
footing in Ceylon and has evidently been present in that island for
some time. . :

So far as we know at present, India is free of this scale. It is,
however, quite possible that it may occur. If any readers should
come across specimens answering to the description and figures here
given, they will confer a benefit on the general public by informing
me at once and sending specimens to Pusa for examination in order
that prompt measures may be taken to prevent the spread of this
noxious insect——T. BAINBricGeE FLetcHer, Imperial Entomologist, in
The Agricultural Journal of India, vol. xii, pt. iv, pp. 525-531. Oct.,
1QI7.

—_—___—_.—_4@p—

Entomological Literature.
COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. REHN.

Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the
Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En-
tomology of the Americas (North and South). including Arachnida and
Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted:
but contributions to anatomy, physiology and’ embryology of insects, how-
ever, whether relating to American or exotic species. will be recorded.

The numbers in Heavy-Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered
in the following list, in which the papers are published.

All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their
first installments.

The records of papers containing new species are all grouped at the
end of each Order of which they treat. Unless mentioned in the title.
the number of the new species occurring north of Mexico is given at
end of title. within brackets.

For records of Economic Literature. see the Experiment Station Record,
Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied Fn-
tomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Ento-
mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B.

2 Transactions, American Entomological Society, Philadelphia.
4 The Canadian Entomologist. 6—Journal, New York Entomo-
logical Society. 8—The Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine, Lon-
don. 9—The Entomologist, London. 21—The Entomologist’s

Vol. xxix] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 275
Record, London. 148—Ohio Journal of Science, Columbus. 161
Proceedings, Biological Society of Washington. 200—Bulletin Bio-
logique de la France et de la Belgique. 208—Boletin, Real Sociedad
Espanola de Historia Natural, Madrid. 2683—Proceedings, Hawaiian
Entomological Society, Honolulu. 873—Contributions to the Nat-
ural History of the Lepidoptera of North America, by Wm. Barnes
and J. H. McDunnough, Decatur, Ill. 394—Parasitology, Cam-
bridge, England. 447—Journal of Agricultural Research, Washing-
ton. 480. The Annals of Applied Biology. 519—The Scientific
Monthly, Lancaster, Pa. 5384—Proceedings, California Academy of
Sciences, San Francisco. 536—Journal, Bombay Natural History

Society. 540—The Lepidopterist, Salem, Mass. 548—Genetics,
Princeton, N. J.

GENERAL SUBJECT. Felt, E. P.—Gall insects and their re-
lations to plants. 519, vi, 509-25. Entomological research and
utility. 519, vi, 551-3. Glaser, R. W.—The aerobic nature of insect
tissue. 6, xxvi, 1-3. St. John, W. St. A—Formaldehyde in the
setting of insects and in the prevention of “verdigris,”’ 9, 1918,
91-2. Sleight, C. E—Obituary notice by W. T. Davis. 6, xxvi, 47-8.

PHYSIOLCGY AND EMBRYOLOGY. Metz, C. W.—The link-
age of eight sex-linked characters in Drosophila virilis. 548, iii,

107-34. Weinstein. A—Coincidence of crossing over in Drosophila
melanogaster. 548, iii, 135-172.

NEUROPTERA, ETC. Nuttall, C. H. F—The biology of Phthi-
rus pubis (Parasitica). 394, x, 383-405.

ORTHOPTERA. Criddle, N.—The egg-laying habits of some
of the Acrididae. 4, 1918, 145-51. Fowler, W. W.—A combined in-
stance of protective resemblance and mimicry in a locust. 8, 1918,
92. Illingworth, J. F—Notes on the mating of cockroaches. 263,
iii, 374-5. Weiss & Dickerson.—The European mole cricket, Gryl-
lotalpa gryllotalpa, an introduced insect pest. 6, xxvi, 18-23.

HEMIPTERA. DeLong, D. M.—The occurrence of a probable
gynandromorph in the homoptera. 148, xvili, 226-8. Drake, C. J.—
Two new tingids from the West Indies. 148, xviii, 174-6. Hunger-
ford, H. B.—Notes on the oviposition of some semi-aquatic hemip-
tera (Hebrus, Salda, Lamprocanthia). 6, xxvi, 12-18. Knight, H.
H.—Synoptic key to the subfamilies of Miridae. 6, xxvi, 40-4. Muir,
F.—Homopterous notes, II. 263, iii, 414-29. Petherbridge & Hu-
sain—A study of the capsid bugs found on apple trees. 480, iv,
179-205.

Ball, E. D.—A new genus and three n. sps. of North American
Membracidae. 161, xxxi, 27-30. Barber, H. G—Concerning Lyga-

276 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ July, 18

eidae—No. 1. 6, xxvi, 44-6. Wan Duzee, E. P.—Report upon a
collection of Hemiptera made by W. M. Gifford in 1916-1917 chiefly
in California [many new]. 584, (4), vii, 249-318.

LEPIDOPTERA. Bartsch, R. C. B.—Notes on collecting, pre-
paring and preservation of L. 540, ii, 25-7 (cont.). Beutenmuller,
W.—tThe food-plants of Catocala. Notes on the eggs of Catocala.
540, ii, 28-30; 33-4. Lathy, P. T.—Two n. sps. of Satyridae from
So. America. 9, 1918, 82-3. Lindsey, A. W.—Notes on distribution.
540, ii, 30-17; 37-38. Turner, H. J—A new method of mounting
and preserving in series. 21, 1918, 76-7. Wood & Selkregg—Further
notes on Laspeyresia molesta. 447, xiii, 59-72. Watson, F. E.—A
large number of sps. of butterflies observed in one day’s collecting.
6, xxvi, 3-7.

Anon—A new form of Catocala minuta. 540, ii, 28. Barnes &
McDunnough—Notes and new species [many new]. 378, iv, 61-180.
Comstock, J. A.—Melitaea anicia: two new aberrations. 540, ii,
34-7. Swett, L. W.—Xanthotype crocataria, with a description of
new sps. 540, ii, 38-9 (cont.).

DIPTERA. Hutchison, R. H.—Overwintering of the house fly.
447, xiii, 149-69. Roubaud, E.—Precisions sur “Phormia azurea.”
Muscide a larves hemophages parasites des oiseaux d’europe. 200,
li, 420-30. Wright, R. E.—The distance mosquitoes can fly. 586,
KXV, oLl-12:

Alexander, C. P.—New nearctic crane-flies. Part V. [7 new.] 4,
1918, 158-65 (cont.). Dietz, W. G.—A revision of the N. A. species
of the tipulid genus Pachyrhina, with descriptions of [23] n. sps.
2, xliv, 105-140. Malloch, J. R—Key to the N. A. sps. of Agromyza
related to simplex. [1 new.] 4, 1918, 178-9. Parker, R. R—A new
sp. of Sarcophaga from Niagara Falls, N. Y. 6, xxvi, 28-30. Sturte-
vant, A. H.—Acalypterae collected in Mobile Co., Alabama. [1
new.] 6, xxvi, 34-40.

COLEOPTERA. Champion, G. C.—New and little known salta-
torial Dascillidae. 8, 1918, 93-102 (cont.). Garnett, R. T.—An an-
notated list of the Cerambycidae of California. 4, 1918, 172-77
(cont.). Leng, C. W.—Microclytus—a correction. Description of
a new sp. of Piezocorynus. 6, xxvi, 8-10; 11-12. Robinson, W.—
Beetles collected on a dead black oak in Virginia. 6, xxvi, 30-3.

Liljeblad, E—Descriptions of eight n. sps. of C. in the family
Mordellidae. 4, 1918, 153-8.

HYMENOPTERA. Burrill & Smith—A preliminary list of the
ants of Wisconsin. 148, xviii, 229-32. Chapman, T. A.—Prolonged

Vol. xxix] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. arg,

life in a headless ant. 21, 1918, 42-4. Fenton, F. A.—The parasites
of leaf-hoppers, with special reference to the biology of the An-
leoninae. 148, xviii, 177-212. Lichtenstein & Picard—Etude mor-
phologique et biologique du “Sycosoter lavagnei,” hecabolide para-
site de |’ “Hypoborus ficus.” 200, li, 440-74. Mercet, R. G—El
genero Centrodora. 208, xviii, 103-9. Roubaud, E.—Le venin et
levolution paralysante chez les hymenopteres predateurs. 200, li,
391-419. Wheeler, W. M.—Ants collected in British Guiana by
C. W. Beebe. 6, xxvi, 23-28.

Gahan, A. B.—An interesting new hymenopterous parasite. 4, 1918,
151-2.

—___—-~+ee—— —____

REPORT OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND ENTOMOLOGICAL MEETING—
Hep at Pusa on the 5th to 12th of February, 1917. Edited by T.
BAINeRIGGE FietcuHeEr, R.N., F.L.S., F.E.S., F.Z.S., Imperial Entomol-
ogist. Calcutta, Superintendent Government Printing, India. Cal-
cutta, 1917—This meeting was remarkably successful, the various en-
tomological interests being represented by twenty-five members and
two visitors. The report makes a handsome volume of 312 pages,
with a very complete index. There are 34 colored plates, representing
the life-histories of injurious insects. An additional plate is a group
picture of those in attendance at the meeting.

The conference covered a wide field, hill crops, leguminous field-
crops, oil-seeds, Malvaceae, nonmalvaceous fibre plants, cane, cereals,
grasses and fodder crops, fruit trees, palms, garden plants, drugs and
dyes, cruciferous crops, pests of stored products, etc., were all con-
sidered. The report impresses one with the great activity shown in
regard to economic entomology in India and with the value of such
meetings as a means of calling attention to the importance of the
work. The excellent plates will also appeal to the systematist who is
not interested in the economic features of entomology—H. S$. (Advt.)

CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE NATURAL History oF THE LEPIDOPTERA OF
NortuH AMERICA, Vol. IV, pt. 2. By Witttam Barnes, S.B., M.D. and
J. H. McDunnoucu, PH.D. There are 119 pages and 14 plates. This
part consists of notes and descriptions of new species and varieties.
Typical specimens are figured in many instances and also the new
species and varieties. Species in most of the families of the Rhopalo-
cera and Heterocera are considered. There is a decided improvement
in the half-tone plates of this number. The authors still cling to the
antiquated method of type citations. The single type method is. im-
perative. This work is of the greatest value to the students of the
Lepidoptera.—H. §.

LS)
NI
ioe

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ July, 18

Doings of Societies.

Entomological Section of The Academy of Natural Sciences of
Philadelphia.

Meeting of March 28, 1918. Vice Director R. C. Williams, Jr., pre-
siding. Eleven persons present.

Orthoptera.—Mr. Rehn spoke on the distribution of some species
of the Acridid subfamily Eumastacinae in California, Arizona and
Nevada, making special reference to that of the short- and long-winged
forms.

Odonata.—Dr. Calvert exhibited some Odonata from Pennsyl-
vania, collected by members of the State Zoologist’s department at
Harrisburg, forwarded by Mr. Daecke. They included Calopteryx
amata Hagen, one female from Charter Oak, Huntingdon County,
June 20, 1917, by H. B. Kirk; apparently the first record of this species
from Pennsylvania. From Charter Oak, were also specimens of
Tachopteryx thoreyi, Ophiogomphus johannus, Cordulegaster obliquus,
and Helocordula uhleri—all more eastern records in Pennsylvania for
these species than have been previously noted.

After more or less extended discussions on the above subjects, the
meeting adjourned.—E. T. Cresson, Jr., Recorder.

Twenty-Fifth Anniversary Meeting of the New York Entomo-
logical Society.

A special meeting of the New York Entomological Society was
held on Friday evening, June 7th, at the Hotel Colonial, 81st St. and
Columbus Ave., New York City, to celebrate the Twenty-fifth Anni-
versary of the incorporation meeting of June 7th, 1893. The pro-
gramme at 8.30 P. M. comprised the History of the Society; Remin-
iscences by Mrs. Annie Trumbull Slosson, Mr. Henry Bird and oth-
ers of the older members; and remarks by guests representing sister
societies, among whom were Dr. Henry Skinner and Mr. J.. A. G.
Rehn, of the American Entomological Society of Philadelphia.

The Entomological Society of France.

At its meeting of December 26, 1917, the Society elected J. de
Joannis and J. Kiinckel d’Herculais honorary members to fill the
vacancies due to the deaths of A. Grouvelle and M. Standfuss. The
recommendations of the committee making the nominations, from
which these two members were selected by the Society, based the
claims of M. de Joannis to this honor on his systematic, synonymic,
geographical and biological work on Microlepidoptera, those of M.
Kiinckel d’Herculais on his fundamental memoir on Volucella, that
on Brehm’s collection, on “the best treatise on general entomology in
the French language,” and on numerous other works on taxonomy,

i

Vol. xxix] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 279

anatomy, development, metamorphoses and biology of insects. Of the
fourteen honorary members of the Society, eight are French (Bedel,
Bouvier, Brélemann, Fauvel, Joannis, Kiinckel d’Herculais, Mabille,
Raffray): one Italian (Berlese), one Spanish (Belivar), one Ameri-
can (Howard), one Belgian (Lameere), one Russian (the grand-
duke Nicholas Romanoff) and one English (Sharp). The committee
on the Dollfus prize, of 300 francs annually, has recommended that
the award for 1917 be made to Dr. J. Villeneuve for his collective
works on Diptera. At the meeting of February 27, 1918, the treasurer
reported that the Minister of Public Instruction had granted the So-
ciety 350 francs for the support of its work. The President for 1918
is Dr. Paul Marchal. (From the Bulletins of the Society, 1917, 15—
1918, 4).

Feldman Collecting Social.

Meeting of March 2oth, 1918, at the home of H. W. Wenzel, 5614
Stewart St., Philadelphia. Twelve members present, Mr. Chas.
Bertsch, of this city, visitor. Pres. H. W. Wenzel in the chair.

Coleoptera. Mr. Geo. M. Greene exhibited specimens of Mylabris
amicus Horn from near Higley, Arizona, and a dried blossom of
Agave palmeri Englm. on which they were collected, though this is
not the food plant as pointed out by Cushman, J. Eco. Ent. iv, p. 408,
Dec., 1911, where he states that it had been bred in company with M.
sallaci Sharp from pods of huisache (Vachellia farnesiana) from
Victoria, Texas.

General.—Mr. Hornig gave an illustrated talk on the fly and
mosquito problem about Philadelphia and the red tape encountered in
getting any work done. This was preceded by slides of Mr. Feldman,
the Jamesburg, New Jersey, and other groups of local entomologists,
and some intimate views of the officers of the Social, past and present.
These slides were afterwards presented to the Social—Gro. M.
GREENE, Sec’y.

Foundation of the Entomological Society of Spain.

The Sociedad Entomolégica de Espafia was founded January 9,
1918, as the result of a proposal sent out by an organizing committee
consisting of Sefiores Hermenegildo Gorria, of the Royal Academy
of Sciences and Arts of Barcelona, President; José M. Dusmet, of
the Royal Spanish Society of Natural History, Vice President; and
Longinos Navas, S. J., Secretary. The present official location of the
society is at the Colegio del Salvador at Zaragoza (Saragossa). The
statutes state that the object of the society is “the theoretical and
practical study of insects in their different aspects. It will include
then the study of the organography, biology and classification of in-
sects, as well as of the uses which can be derived from them or
their work and of the injuries which they inflict on animals and plants.

280 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ July, 18

Investigations on other lower animals, as arachnids and worms,’ but
excluding mollusks, are also admitted. The Society adopts as its
motto ‘Labore et ordine.’ By the word labore the biological and prac-
tical work is indicated and by ordine taxonomy. Both ideas*are sym-
bolized by a bee-hive, which will figure with the motto in the seal and
medal of the society.” The society will meet on the first Tuesday
(not a holiday) of each month, except July, August and September,
and will publish a monthly bulletin except in the three months named.

A double number (Nos. 1 and 2 of Tomo I) of this Boletin, for
Enerc, 1918, has appeared, containing the list of officers and members
(2 honorary: Charles Oberthtir and Antonio Berlese, and 48 ordinary
or “numerarios”), the steps leading to the foundation of the society,
the statutes, the first installment of a Systematic-Geographic Cata-
logue of the Coleoptera observed in the Iberian Peninsula, the Py-
renees properly so-called and the Balearic Islands by José M. de la
Fuente v Morales, an annotated list of the Chernetida of Spain by
José Fernandez Nonidez and two pages of brief notes—32 pages in
all. The officers for 1918, in addition to the president, vice-president
and secretary, as named above, are Sefores Pedro Ayerbe, Vice-
Secretary; José Cruz Lapazaran, Librarian; Miguel Padilla, Conserva-
tor, and José¢-Garcia Crespo, Treasurer.

OBITUARY.

The death of Gustave ADOLPHE BAER at Paris, January
13, 1918, aged 79 years, was announced at the meeting of the
Entomological Society of France, January 23, 1918. A native
of Aarau, Switzerland, he joined the Society in 1859, spent
the years 1867 to 1882 at Manila, 1896-’98 in Peru, crossed
the Andes in tg00, and in 1905 made an expedition in the
Province of Goyaz, Brazil. In 1886 he published a catalogue
of Philippine Coleoptera in the Annales of the Society. (Bull.
Sote Ent. Fr5-1918,- No- :2.)

CHARLES Epwin SLeIGHT, trichopterist and general ento-
mologist, died at Ramsey, New Jersey, May 20, 1917. An
obituary notice is published in the Journal of the New York
Entomological Society for March, 1918. He was born at
Yonkers, New York, May 26, 1860.

; Erratum.
Page 220, line 12 for Bertinc read BELinc,

EXCHANGES.

This column is intended only for wants and exchanges, not for
advertisements of goods for sale. Notices not exceed-
ing three lines free to subscribers.

4a These notices are continued as long as our limited space will allow; the new
ones are added at the end of the column, and only when necessary those at the top
(being longest in) are discontinued.

Wanted—Friendly correspondence and exchange of Lepidoptera.
Send your address and offerta. Will reply promptly.—F. E. Pot-
ter, 267 So. Main St., New Britain, Conn.

For Exchange—A few specimens, mostly Sphingidae and Satur-
niidae common to this region, for species from some other part of
the country.—Dr. Elmer T. Learned, Fall River, Mass.

Lepidoptera—I have for exchange first class specimens of
Papilio floridensis, palamedes, Pholus fasciatus, tersa, hylaes, undulosa,
Apatela tritona, Leucania pilipalpis, extincta, subpunctata, Gortyna
u-album, Syneda graphica, and hundreds of others from Pa. and Fla.
Send lists, or address F. W. Friday, 82 Jacob St., Fair Haven, Pitts-
burgh, Pa.

Catocalae—For exchange perfect specimens of C. pura, C. aspasia
and var. sura, C. faustina var. lydia, C. praeclare. Desire other
Catocalae. Some of the common species wanted—John H. West,
gZog7 FE; York St., Phila:, Pa.

Wanted to Exchange—I wish to exchange Rhopalocera from
eastern United States for those of the western and southern part.
Correspondence desired. Paul N. Musgrave, Pennsboro, W. Va.

Wanted in series for cash or exchange beetles of the genus
Serica (Scarabaeidae) from all parts of North America. Cicindela
lincolniana Casey among the exchanges offered. R. W. Dawson, De-
partment of Entomology, University Farm, Lincoln, Nebraska.

Prof. Dr. Carlos E. Porter, Directeur des “Anales de Zoologia
Aplicada,” Casilla 2974, Santiago, Chile, is anxious to secure sys-
tematic papers on entomology, especially on the Thysanoptera,
Coccidae, Aleyrodidae, Acarina, Chalcididae, Agromyzidae, Syr-
phidae and Longicornia. He will be glad to exchange specimens
and publications.

Change of Address.—E. G. Titus from Logan, Utah, to Box 453,
Idaho Falls, Idaho.

Wanted for Cash—Lowest insects of all families, preserved in
fluid, for phylogenetic study. G. C. Crampton, Amherst, Mass.

Wanted—South American and Indian macrolepidoptera in ex-
change for Australian specimens in any order. (Rev.) ‘H. S.
Bodley, The Vicarage, Birchip, Victoria, Australia.

Wanted—A series of volumes of the Candian Entomologist in-
cluding vols. 29, 30 and 31; also Ontario Entomological Society Re-
ports, Nos. 2, 3, 4, 8 and 9. State condition and price wanted. M.
H. Ruhmann, Vernon, British Columbia.

For Exchange—Have rare western Lepidoptera which I will ex-
change for butterflies, (North American preferred.) Send lists
of your offerta—Dr. John Comstock, 321 South Hill St., Los An-
geles, Cal.

Wanted—Canadian Entomologist. Part xx of H. F. Wickham’s
Coleoptera of Canada or complete number of Can. Ent., xxix, Feb.,
1897, containing same. Geo. M. Greene, 2534 W. Columbia Ave.,
Philadelphia, Pa.

COLEOPTERA

CARABIDAE

PRICE $1.00

Leistus

ferrugineus Linn.
Elaphrus

aureus Mull.
Lorocera

pilicornis Fabr.
Broscosoma

baldense Putz.
Bembidium

fasciolatum Du/ft.

articulatum Gy//.
Cillenus

lateralis Sam.
Thalassophilus

longicornis Sturm.

Trechus
discus Fadr.
Anophthalmus
hirtus Sturn.
v. rostratus Mods.
Pterostichus
lepidus Zeske.
cupreus Linn.

Vol. |, No. 3
CONTENTS

Pterostichus

infuscatus De7.
puncticollis De.
crenatus De.
barbarus De7.
carbonicolor So/s.
macer Marsh.
aterrimus Aybst.
elongatus Du/t.

oblongopunctatus Fabr.

angustatus Du/ft.
melanoscelis Chaud.
niger Schall,
vulgaris Lznz.
nigritus adr.
minor GyZ/,
interstinctus Sturm.
negligens Sturm,
subsinuatus De.
brevis Duft.
caspius Jen.
cognatus De.
aethiops Panz.

ILLUSTRATA
CARABIDAE

PRICE $1.00

Pterostichus
globosus Fadr.
cylindricus Hrbst.
melas Creutz.

Abax
ater Vill,
ovalis Du/ft.
schuppelii Pad/,

v. rendschmidtii Germ.

corsicus De.
Myas

chalybaeus FPal/,
Amara

ingenua Duft.
Zabrus

chalceus Fa/d.

heros falda.

seidlitzii Schaum.

graecus De.

blapoides Creutz.
Anisodactylus

binotatus De.

signatus Panz.

Accurate Enlarged Pen Drawings, Uniform in Size,

One to a Page, Svo.

Coleoptera Illustrata will be mailed upon receipt of price.
Vol. I, Nos. 1 and 2, $1 each.

HOWARD NOTMAN

136 Joralemon St., Brooklyn, N. Y., U. S. A.

JAMES SINCLAR > ———————=-

Los Angeles, Cal., offers many rare species, such as P.
pergamus, P. indra, P. brevicauda, P. pregonia, Cossus

centerensis and many others. List free.

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lutely dust, moth and dermestes proof, is impervious to fire, smoke, water and atmos-
pheric changes. Obviously, these cabinets are far superior to any constructed o! non-
metallic material.
The interior is made of metal, with upright partition in center. On the sides
are metal supports to hold 28 boxes. The regular size is 424 in. high, 13 in. deep, 18?
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j j ner’s construction of this cabinet, see Entomological News, Vol. XV, page 177.
4 METAL INSECT BOX has al] the essential merits of the cabinet, having a
. groove, clasps, etc. Bottom inside lined with cork; the outside enameled any color
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RECENT LITERATURE

FOR SALE BY

THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
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DIPTERA.

776.—Dietz (W. G.).—A revision of the North American spe-
cies of the. Tipulid genus Pachyrhina, with descrip-
tions of new species. [0:25]. (Tr., 44, 105-140, 4

Sata Pilea lisahe Soeaiie tetse aerate hal, WR pepe dea pe Meee S wie ie ns oc 65
e. 2093.—Malloch (J. R.)—A new species of Johannsenomyia
ee (Ceratopogonidae). (Ent. News, 29, 229-230, 18.) ... .10
Pf 778,—Marchand (W.).—The evolution of the abdominal pat-

E tern in Tabanidae. (Tr., 44, 171-179, 1 pl., ’18)....... .20
a HEMIPTERA.

Srey ~ : Eek
: oe 2092.—_McAtee (W. L.).—Psyllidae of the vicinity of Washing-
it ton, D. C., with description of a new species of Aphal-
2 Aba oxt halt NG wWSa sop 2eUee4 ete ES )utes cata eaten ee 10
Ne 2094.—Wilson (H. F.).—A new species of Macrosiphum

a (Aphididae). (Ent. News, 29, 230-231, fig., 18) ...... :10
= ORTHOPTERA.
& 777—Hebard (M.).—-New genera and species of Melanopli
r found within the United States. [2:10]. (Tr., 44,
\ i Toth Bt) recs 1,5 RR Re Me ee ay ee Rr 50
HES 779.—Rehn (J. A. G.)—On Demaptera and Orthoptera from

Z southwestern Brazil. [0:9]. (Tr., 44, 181-222, 1 pl., 718) .75

When Writing Please Mention ‘‘ Entomological News.”

NEW ARRIVA

From Columbia, So. America:

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“ andraemon Erinyis guttalaris

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From Venezuela : From New Guinea:
Over 5000 Lepidoptera 2000 Coleoptera
200 Dynastes hercules 200 Orthoptera

P From Assam, India:
_ - 1200 BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS, INCLUDING
Papilio arcturus Kallima inachis oid
“« philoxenus _ Brahmaea wallachi

And Many Other Showy Species

From Tibet (Bhutan)

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