Se ere Po ‘2 be tbasd-hed® BaP). bate Ne . eee! Seen Naeem ekoe hte thes Ee arene Save te es re et ee eee maT Ne ml a. obey tes BLA ir bemsyAntind Xedos At ao Biever Oa Te cates -22 La telelt tinal winv etn AsRafimintel =f. ean eet Ie Banners we Sms pb hah pe oAtin A mo PR Bid te DM to r MD i me ada at - ere er Ta res + Bp aris edn BeBe Pere eee 9a i A . NAAR Re DI, aarery yee ee 9 ees Rafer tater te Nat ON Foti ole MeN Ear Mn Se eee eb Pa a oo ncaa eth A Ahh eB as A ate Rear om as tot a Bee ach . nO INE Aan Bt Benched APR eth ee eee aka oes Sethe tintee Dea aad tho SNM. awe an Map eae NAO pinta tee ac APs Re OM Oe nee ae teh Rhett Rete ta 5 ee OP erento - . Sp a ee a. Seerere: PA See rd > - po sae oD? NATAL PLANTS. VOL. 5. Cs RASSES. EDITED BY J. MEDLEY WOOD, A.L.S., LiL REeCTorFRr OF INA’TAT, BOTANIC GARDENS. DURBAN. — AND OF —— NACCATL Gov ERNMENT HE RBARIUNI. Published under the auspices of Government and the Durban Botanic Society. ROBINSON & Co., L?Tp., PRIN’TERS, MERCURY LANE, DURBAN, 1cOS, LOLS OZ . i nee on ot PREFACE. eo © N the completion of this volume of * Natal Plants” [ have to say with much a regret that in consequence of the inability of the Government to continue the grant in aid that we have hitherto received on the completion of each volume, the work must now come to an abrupt conclusion, as the Durban Botanic Society, under whose auspices it was commenced and has been carried on, are not able to continue their assistance without the support of the Government. It will be noticed that the Plates Nos. 426 to 450 are printed in a different colour to the others, and the paper on which they are printed is not so good, this colour was not authorised, proofs of it were not submitted, and as the letterpress and binding was done by another firm the mistake was not discovered until too late for rectification. The whole of the drawings and dissections of the plants figured in’ this volume were done by Miss Franks, botanical assistant in the Herbarium, and they have been completed to my entire satisfaction. T have again to offer my hearty thanks to the Director of the Royal Gardens and Herbarium at Kew. The whole of the descriptions in Vol. 2 and, with four exceptions, those of the present volume were taken from the Flora Capensis by permission ; almost the whole of the specimens have been verified at the Kew Herbarium, several specimens have been lent to us for copying, while some others were drawn by Miss Smith, the botanical artist at Kew, and faithfully copied here by Miss Franks. It is to be regretted that so very little information as to the value of the grasses here figured could be given, but all has been quoted that I have been able to obtain, and my thanks are due to all those persons who have supplied us with the material, and also to the members of the Durban Botanic Society for much encouragement in my work, J. MEDLEY WOOD. The Parts of this Volume were issued as under :—Part 1. July, 1904; Part 2, July, 1905 ; Part 3, March, 1906 ; Part 4, June, 1908. oc oe SEDILED BY! 5 2.2 J. MEDLEY woop, Ls. nt ‘ ‘ Od % — DIRECTOR OF NATAL BOTANIC GARDENS, DURBAN, ey sey ok : ; i : sa) ir ae z Z > ae # oie x . a x . Centre . : - AND? OF —— : 2 NATAL GOVERNMENT HERBARIUM. pes "Title Page. Preface, and Index will be published with the concluding part of the Volume. DECEMBER, 1904. ‘ x ROarNsoN & Co., T/rn., PRINTERS, MERCURY LANE, DURBAN. eae Seep , 24 eee: NATAL PLANTS. VOL. 5—PART 1. CsSRASSES. 5 6 5 ISIDINMEIDS Jeny dea Wi Dwr Y VVOOD, ATLAS: IDIRECTOR Ore IN A’TA TL BOL ANTIC GALE DENS: POTIFRBAN. —- AND. ‘OF IN A/T ALS GOV ERNMENT ELEC ECE ARTLINE. Title Page. Preface, and Index will be published with the concluding part of the Volume. DECEMBER, 190A. ROBINSON & Co., L’tp., PRINTERS, MERCURY LANE, DURBAN. 1904. a ay PLATF 401 is Vin 7 rose A Pas re —— ee aaa TRIN, ARISTIDA BARBICOLLIS, PLATE No. 401. ARISTIDA BARBICOLLIS, Trin. and Rupr. (FI. Cap., Vol. VII., p. 559) Nat. Order Graminez. PERENNIAL, tufted, light green to glaucous, glabrous except at the mouths of the sheaths. Curms slender, rather wiry, more or less compressed below, geniculately ascending or suberect, $ to 14 foot long, simple or scantily branched from some of the lower nodes, smooth, 2-3-noded ; sheaths tight, smooth ; ligule a dense line of short hairs passing into beards or a ring of long hairs at the mouths of the sheaths ; blades usually very narrow, linear, acute, 1-3 inches by } to 1 line, folded ; convolute, curved, rigid or flat and then often twisted or autled, smooth below, seabrid above e. PANICLE ovate to oblong, 2-6 inches long ; rhachis straight or flexuous, smooth branches solitary, distant, filiform, spreading, flexuous or straight, scaberulous, dense, spike- like from + to 14 inch ance the base; pedicels very short. SPIKELETS 3% lines long. GuuMEs keeled, the /ower lanceolate, shortly mucronate, 2 lines long, keels smooth or scabrid, the upper linear, emarginate, mucronate, 35 lines long. Valve linear, produced into a short, stout, tightly twisted beak, len shorter than the upper glume, minutely scaber ulous below the beak ; callus less than 3 line long ; awns jointed with the valve, not disarticulating, fine, 5-9 lines long; pale, lodicules, stamens and grain as in A. congesta. Habitat: Navrav. Near Durban, Williamson; near Tugela, 4000 feet, Buchanan 260; near Tugela, Wood 3588; near Colenso, 3000 feet, Wood 4418: Umsinga and base of Bigearsberg, Bue einen 10; without precise locality, Gerrard: TAI IOC Jenkinson 40 (Wood o0a). Fallen: Jenkinson 64 (Wood hao oN Gerrard and McKen 167 Drawn from Wood’s 3588, and compared with 4418 The Flora Capensis says: ‘ Very close to A. congesta, but the branches of the panicle are more numerous and longer, the spixelets a little larger, and the mouth of the sheaths is distinctly bearded, the beards sometimes uniting mto a ring at the junction of the blade and the sheath.” Jenkinson says: “ Native name N’gongoui, used for brushes, grows in dry, exposed situations on poor soil, has lone roots, stands drought well, "fret green in spring, last to dry up, very wiry and of little value for stock.” Fie 1, Lower eliume; 2, upper elume ; 3, valve: 4, pale: 5, pistil, stamens and lodicules. ar hlarded | | All enlarged. PLATE 4028. ARISTIDA VESTITA, Thunb. (FI. Cap., Vol. VIL, p. 561). Nat. Order Graminew. PERENNIAL, light green to glaucous ; Vacate very short, with dense tufts of barren shoots and culms, the latter erect, 1-2 feet high : simple, 2-1-noded, terete, wiry, glabrous, smooth; sheaths tight, smooth, scarcely striate, elabrous or ane lower more or less covered with a very fugacious wool ; ligule a line of very short hairs; blades convolute-setaceous from a few inches to more than 1 foot by scarcely | line when expanded, rigid, curved or flexuous, glabrous, smooth below, seabrid to hispidulous above. PANICLE effuse or contracted, 3-6 inches by 2-5 inches; rhachis strict or flexuous ; lower branches 2-3-nate, nm to 3 inches long, usually spreading , Sparingly and remotely branched: branchlets very flexuous, filiform to capillary, scaberulous : pedicels very fine, the longest equalling the spikelets. ‘ SPIKELETS often secund, uodding, yellowish, rarely purplish, 5-6 lines long. GLUMES rather firm, rounded at the back, obtuse or more or less 2-toothed, the /ower linear-oblong, about half the length of the upper or less, this narrow lanceolate- cae 5-6 lines long. Valve linear, 45 to 54 lines long, not beaked, seaberulous from the middle or almost sea callus ¥ line long: awn disarticulating from the valve, stipitate, foot 1 to 24 lines long, twisted, ‘bristles divaricate or the lateral upright, 3 to 1 inch long ; pale Piped 4+ line long ; lodicules 3-$ line long, finely nerved ; anthers 24 lines long ; grain very slender, 3 lines long g. o Habitat: Narau. Near Dundee, Green 90 (Wood 7450), March, 1899. ig 1, Lower glume; 2, upper glume ; 3, valve: 4, pale: 5, pistil, stamens, and lodicules. All enlarged, 402 Wy = << = (ae | — EE ———— cers EE SS ee = ——— THE. ARISTIDA VESTITA. ¥ ¢ oy ny PLATE 405. ALT. PEROIS LATIFOELA, Perortis, Ait. Nat. Order Gramine. SPIKELETS very small, narrow, sessile or subsessile on the continuous axis of a spike or a lax spike- like raceme, jointed on and falling entire from the axis or the rudimentary pedicels ; rhachilla not continued beyond the floret. Floret 1, pertect, much shorter than the glumes. GLUMES equal, linear or Jinear-lanceolate, rigidly membranous, 1-nerved, passing ito capillary yawns. Valve lanceolate, acute, delicately hyaline, 1-nerved. Pale very minute, hy aline, uerveless. Lodicules 2, broad, cuneate. Stamens 3. Styles distinct, shorts stigmas plumose, laterally exserted. © Grain. cylindric, slender, peered from ine unchanged floret and enclosed with it in the glumes ; embryo about 4 the length of the | grain; hilum punctiform, basal. ANNUAL OR SUBPERENNIAL.—CULMS leafy ; blades usually broad, rigid and ciliate ; ligules hyaline; spikes or pseudo- spikes slender, erinite Prom bie long capillary awns. Species 2 or 3, in the tropies of the Old World and in subtropical Australia. PLATE 408. PeroTis LATIFOLIA, Ait. (Fl. Cap., Vol. VIL, p. 575). Cums fascicled, geniculate, suberect, ascending often from a few inches to 14 inch long, smooth, glabrous, many-noded, lower internodes short, not or slightly exserted, uppermost 1 or? 2 by far the longest, long exserted ; leaves Bae se numerous in the lower 4-$ of the culm; sheaths thin, striate, smooth : ligules very delicate, short, ciliolate ; blades lnear-lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate from a clasping broad base, acute or acuminate, $-3 inches by 14-4 lines, flat or somewhat wavy, glaucous, margins rigidly cilate or fimbriate, rarely smooth ; spike slender, rigid or flexuous, 3-8 inches long, rather dense ; axis smooth, terete. SPIKELETS about 1 line long, Imear-lanceolate. GLUMES scaberulous, 3-10 lines long, very fine, flexuous, often purplish. pur} os Valve less than 3 line long; pale under + line long ; tip finely ciliolate ; anthers + line long; grain almost 1 line long. Habitat: Natrat. Near Durban, below 500 feet, Drege; valleys between Tugela and Umpumulo, 1000 feet, Buchanan 168; without precise locality, Crerrard 687; Van Reenen, 5000-6000 feet, Wood 5990; near Durban, Wood. Drawn from Wood’s 5990, from which the stamens and stiomas had fallen (=) away, these were drawn from Buchanan's 168. Fig 1, Lower glume ; 2, upper glume ; 3, valve; 4, pale: 5, pistil, stamens and lodicules. All enlarged. Tracus, Haller. Nat. Order Graminere. SPIKELETS, sessile, in deciduous clusters of 2-4 on the filiform continuous axis of a cylindric, spike-hke panicle; rhachilla tough, not continued beyond the floret. Floret 1, perfect, somewhat shorter than the upper glume. Guu MES very dissimilar, /ower facing the rhachis, minute, hyaline, or suppressed, wpper 5-ribbed or 5-nerved, membranous between the hispidor spine- hooked ribs or nerves, exceeding the valve. Valve lanceolate or lanceolate-oblong, membranous, 3-nerved. Pale as long as the valve, 2-nerved. Lodicules 2, broad, cuneate, fleshy. Stamens. 3. Styles distinct, very slender; stigmas narrow, plumose, terminally exserted. Grain enclosed by the valve and pale, oblong te ellipsoid, shehtly Be aes from the back ; embryo about 4 the length of “the grain ; halen punctiform, basal. ANNUAL OR PERENNIAL.—CULMS erect, ascending or decumbent ;_ blades linear, rather rigid with cartilaginous spinulously Plier margins ; ligules reduced to a delicate, ¢1 lj ate, rim ; panicles cylindric, slender ; all the spikelets of a cluster fertile, or often 1 more or less reduced. Species 2, one in South Africa, the other throughout the warm parts of both hemispheres. PLATE 404. Tracus racEemosus, All. (FI. Cap., Vol. VIL. p. 577). ANNUAL OR SUBPERENNIAL (/)—CuLms fascicled, simple or branched with the branches often fascicled and densely leafy, geniculate, ascending often from a decumbent base or wholly decumbent, slender, from a few inches to 1 foot long, glabrous or pubescent near the panic'e, smooth, 3-5-noded, intermediate internodes exserted, uppermost 1 or 2 usually enclosed, and from less than 1 to 4 inches long ; lowest sheaths short, broad, pallid, the following more or less herbaceous, rather loose, uppermost tumid, usually embracing the base of the pamicle ; blades linear to lanceolate, acute, 4-2 inches by 1-2 lines, flat or wavy, rigid, very glaucous, closely striate. PANICLE 1-5 inches long, slender; axis straight or slightly wavy, pubescent : branches very close or the lowest distant, very short, 9-3- -spiculate, sometimes minutely continued beyond the uppermost s} vikelets. SPIKELETS facing each other when ane 14-2 lines long, one of a tee often reduced ; /ower “glume very minute, up to 4 line long, hyaline, ciliolate, quite suppressed ; upper glume slightly curved, involute, completely See ue the floret, strongly 5- ined: che between the ribs, these with rows of stout hooked spines. Vv alve Janceolate-oblong, apiculate or meron ane! 1-14 line long, thinly Hal Sah Sura: very minute'y pubescent, faintly 3-nerved ; pale sub- acute, obscurely 2-nerved; anthers ellipsoid, 4-4 line long; grain ob long to obovoid- ellipsoid, subterete, $ line long. Habitat: Natrau. Banks of Tugela River, near Colenso, 3000 feet, Wood 4417; banks of Lower Tugela River, 600 feet, Buchanan 175; without precise locality, Gerrard 673, 157. Throughout most warm regions. This grass is of no economic or agricultural value. Kie 1, Cluster of spikelets ; 2. empty spikelet ; 3, lower glume; 4, upper glume ; 5, valve: 6, pale; 7, pistil, stamens and lodicules. All enlarged. PLATE 404 4AL.. TRAGUS RACEMOSUS PLATE 405 ra > o \ NN my Vv bus ie IES yy 3 RS ON ES HST, HOG SPOROBOLUS ‘FESTIVUS, Var: stuppeus, Stapf. Sporopouus, R. Br. SPIKELETS usually very small, variously panicled, continuous on the oe rhachilla more or less readily disarticulating above the glumes, not continued, « very rarely produced into a bristle. Floret 1, perfect. GiuMEs 2, delicately membranous, /owe7 usually smaller, nerveless, upper 1-nerved, falling away one after the other. Valve more or less resembling the upper glume, 1- mnerved or more or less distinctly 3-nerved. Pale usually almost as long as the valve, 2-nerved, folded between the nerves, often split by the maturing grain. Lodicules 2, small, broadly cuneate, glabrous, thin. Stamens 3, 1 rarely 2. Ovary glabrous ; styles short, distinct, terminal ; stigmas plumose or subasper- eilliform. “Grain free, falling out or retained and dehiscing ; ; pericarp thin, usually swelling in water, rigid, dehiscing, or the inner layers mucilaginous when w etted, and adher ent, or the whole pericarp adnate and indistinct ; hilum small, punctiform, basal, embryo rather large. ANNUALS OR PERENNIALS of various habits; ligules reduced to a ciliate or ciliolate rim. PANICLES contracted to spike-like, or more or less open, sometimes extremely lax ; spikelets mostly $ to L line long. PLATE 405. Sporopo.tus FESTIVUS, Hochst. var stuppeus, Stapf. (FI. Cap., Vol. VIL, p. 582). Nat. Order Graminee. PERENNIAL, compactly tufted.—CuLms erect or geniculate-ascending, slender, } to 1 foot long, glabrous, smooth, 2 or 3-noded ; wpper sheaths glabrous « except at the ciliate margins, smooth, the /ower short, firm, at length breaking up into numerous persistent fibres, about 4 3 inch long, the inner cover ed with pallid tow-like hairs ; ligules a minutely ciliolate or almost woolly rim; blades narrowly linear, tapering ‘to an acute point, usually setaceously convolute, 1-2 inches long, rarely more, by 1 line (when expanded), glabrous, smooth. PANIcLE oblong to ovate, erect, 2 to 4 inches, by 1 to 14 inch, lax; rhachis straight ; branches solitary or irregularly fascicled, at length spreading, filiform to capillary, repeatedly branched from near the base; secondary branchlets flexuous, capillary ; pedicels extremely fine, smooth, 2 to 38 times the length of the spikelets, rarely longer. SPIKELETS oblong, rather obtuse, purplish, $ line long or rather less. GLUMES hyaline, acute or acuminate, toe denticulate, the /ower oblong, nerveless, almost half the length of the spikelet, the wpper ovate, nerveless or faintly 1-nerved, about half the length of the spikelet. Valve oblong, obtuse or subacute in profile, 1 to sub-3- nerved. Pale shghtly shorter. Stamens 3; anthers 2 line long ; grain globose-ellipsoid, } line long, pericarp swelling and bursting in water ; ; seed free, compressed, obtusely quadrangular: ; albumen classy, Habitat > NAgAn., Umsinga and base of Biggarsberg, Buchanan 96; near Maritzburg, St. George, 25 (VW “ood 72 236). Drawn from Wood’s 7236, the only specimen in the Herbarium. No stamens could be found in the specimen drawn from, Fig 1, Lower glume; 2, upper glume ; 3, valve; 4, pale; 5, pistil and lodicules. Ad/ enlarged, PLATE 406. SPOROBOLUS CENTRIFUGUS, Nees. (FI. Cap., Vol. VIL, p. 584). Nat. Order Gramineve, PERENNIAL, compactly tufted.—CuLMs erect, rather slender, # to 2 feet pre glabrous, smooth, usually 2 rarely 1-noded ; lower sheaths very A persistent, $ e 13 meh long, elabr ous except the usually long-cilate margins, somict anes hairy all over, smooth, finely striate, upper tight, the uppermost up to # foot long ; ligule a very minutely ciliolate rim ; blades linear, usually very narrow, tapering ‘to an acute point, 3 to 10 inches, by 4 to 2 lines, involute, often setaceous, particularly those of the barren shoots, rarely flat, firm, more or less glaucous, glabrous, except the often serrulate-fimbriate lower margins, rarely scantily hairy, smooth below, subscaberulous above, margins rough or tubereled. PANICLE erect, ovate or ovate-oblong, 1 to 4 inches, by $ to 2 inches, usually rather dense ; lower branches in whorls of 8 to 5, oblic juely erect or spreading, filiform, smooth, branched from the middle or above it; branchlets contracted ; lateral pedicels very short. SPIKELETS rather crowded towards the tips of the branches, dark olive-grey, 14 to 2+ lines long. GLUMES unequal, the /ower lanceolate-acuminate or acute, 3 to # the length of the spikelet, rarely longer, 1-nerved or ‘nerveless, the upper broad-oblong- lanceolate, acutely acuminate, somewhat longer than the valve, 1-nerved, rarely with 2 obscure side-nerves. Valve very similar, sometimes with 2 to 4 short obseure side-nerves. Pale equalling the valve. Stamens 3 ; anthers # line long. Habitat: Navau. Near Durban, Williamson 3; Durban Flats, Buchanan 42, 645 on bare hills at Umpumulo, 2400 to 2800 feet alt., Buchanan 297 ; Um- singa and base of Biggarsberg, Buchanan 92; var. angustus : Inanda, tee 1854; Wood 1578; Taien 1000 feet alt., ‘Bocanien B00e Vai Reenen, Wood Drawn from Wood's 7218, gathered at Van Reenen, 5000-6000 feet alt. Fig 1, Lower glume ; 2, upper glume; 3, valve; 4, pale: 5, pistil, stamens and lodicules. All enlarged. PLATE 406. Ai ~ » ‘ Se SSS : N . SSS US. véees. SrPOROBOLUS. ‘CENTRIFUG PLATE 40/7. = eS TE Ss BS 4 EF 3 SRS NS BA SIAL ea z Y= S HIAGK, DANS T - — SPOROBOLUS RK PLATE 407. SporopoLus ReEaMANNI, Hack. (FI. Cap., Vol. VIL, p. 585). Nat. Order Graminez. PERENNIAL.—CULMS rather robust, geniculate, more or less compressed below, 2 to 4 feet long, glabrous, smooth, 3 or 4-noded ; leaf sheaths rather tight, the lower slipping from the culms and rolling i in or folding, broad, glabrous and smooth, or tubercled and hispid ; ligules reduced to a ciliate rin ; blades linear, tapering to a long fine point, 6 to 10 inches by 3 to 4 lines, flat or almost so, glaucous, olabrous or tubercled and hispid, primary nerves distant. PANICLE erect, narrow, oblong, 1 to 14 foot by 2 inches, ultimately rather lax ; rhachis smooth ; branches solitary. or onan imegularly crowded, obliquely erect or at length spreading, filiform, smooth or almost so, 1 to 3 inches long, loosely and repeatedly Branched. the leer branchlets up to 9 lines long ; lepers pedicels extremely short. SPIKELETS olive-grey, lanceolate-oblong, $ to almost 1 line long, GLUMES unequal, the /ower oblong, subacute, nerveless, about half the length of the spikelet, the upper lanceolate- oblong, acute, about # the length of the spikelet, l-nerved. Valve like the upper g clume, but longer. Pale almost equatling the valve. Stamens 3; anthers 4 line long. Habitat: Navan. Durban Flats, Buchanan 6; at the borders of woods near Umlazi River, Arauss 7; Tugela River, 600 to 1000 feet alt., Buchanan 245, 246. Drawn from Buchanan’s 245, and compared with Buchanan’s 246. Fig J, Lower glume ; 2, upper glume; 3, valve; 4, pale; 5, pistil, stamens and lodicules. All enlarged. PLATE 408. SPOROBOLUS INDICUS, R. Br. (FI. Cap., Vol. VIL, p. 586). Nat. Order Graminee. PERENNIAL, tufted.—CuLms erect, 2 to 3 feet long, glabrous, smooth, usually 2-noded below the middle, sheathed all tone or the upper nodes exserted. LEAVES mostly crowded near the base, often numerous; sheaths glabrous except at the often ciliate margins, smooth, the lowest sometimes compressed, short,. broad, pallid, the upper tight ; ligule a minutely ciliolate ria; blades lnear, long tapering to a fine point, 4 to almost 12 inches, by 1 to 14 lines, usually convolute, glabrous, smooth. PANICLE erect, spike-like, slender, often interrupted below ; branches solitary, often irregularly crowded, very short and adpressed to the rhachis, or the lowest up to 1 inch long, filiform, smooth or scaberulous ; lateral pedicels very short. SPIKELETS dark clive-green, crowded, 1 line long. GLUMES unequal, the /ower oblong or elliptic, obtuse, often denticulate, about 4 the length of the spikelet, nerveless, the wpper ovate-oblong, acute or subacute, Agnes the length of the spikelet, sometimes l-nerved. Valve lanceolate-oblong, acute or acuminate, l-nerved. Pale scarcely shorter. Stamens 3; anthers 4 line long ; grain ellipsoid, truncate, quadrangular, shghtly compressed, + line long, brown, pericarp thin, Habitat: Narav. Gerrard $88; Zululand, Jenkinson 6 (Wood 7303). Var. laxus (Stapf), usually more robust ; panicle looser, $ to 14 foot long ; branches more distant, longer, more or less spreading ; spikelets often secund ; “all over the Colony.” Buchanan 243; near Durban, Williamson 2, 101; at the borders of woods near the Umlazi Riv er, Krauss 7, partly ; between the Umzimkulu and Umkomanzi Rivers, Drege. Drawn from Jenkinson’s 6 (Wood 7303). Jenkinson says of this grass: “Used for cattle, seeds much hked by birds. and poultry.” Fig 1, Lower glume ; 2, upper glume ; 3, valve; 4, pale ; 5, pistil, stamens and lodicules. All enlarged. PLATE 408 RK. BR. STOROBOLUS INDICHS, OD aw ae eee ~*~) — _ _ PLATE 409. B OS Nat SPA LSA ow ie GEE EE ; 2 es Sy ee Ss fp = oh ese , ww x Gy) sSS A se Hrs UY = Ss A | oy e ~~ Ze ahs) ny - vt SZ RENDPLE, POGONARTHRIA FALCATA, PoGONARTHRIA, Stapf. SPIKELETS laterally aoa subsessile, more or less imbricate, secund on the irregularly sul arranged branches of a panicle ; rhachilla disarticulating above the glumes and between the valves, tips of the joints ciliate. Florets 2 to 8, perfect. (GLUMES rigidly membranous, l-nerved. Valves oblong, rigidly membranous, acuminate, quite glabrous, 3-nerved ; side-nerves evanescent aoe the middle Pales 2- heeled: slightly shorter than the valves. Lodicules 2, minute, delicate. Stamens 3. Ovary elabrous : stvles distinct ; stigmas plumose. Grain tightly embraced by the scarcely altered valve and pale, linear- oblong, obtusely triquetrous or oval in eross section ; embryo less than $ the length of the e grain; hilum basal, punctiform. PERENNIAL, stiff; blades rigid, usually convolute; ligule a fringe of cilia ; panicles straight, with spreading more or less curved ronenes in irregul: ar spirals : g spikelets secund, crowded, livid; purplish or dark grey. Species 1, in tropical South-East Africa, and in extra-tropical South Africa. Hackel, who described the only species of this genius under Leptochloa, has paar feared that it difters considerably from all other species of Leptochloa. ‘he differences exist mainly in the coarse rigid habit and in the structure of the ee the glumes and valves of Snch are more rigidly membranous, livid purplish or dark grey, and quite glabrous, whilst the tips of the rhachilla joints are ciliate ; the valves resemble more those of EBragrostis than of epee and the affinity of the genus lies most certaimly with the former. PLATE 409. POGONARTHRIA FALCATA, Rendle. (Fl. Cap., Vol. VIL. p. 589). Nat. Order Graminere. PERENNIAL, czespitose, quite glabrous except the mouth of the sheath. Cus strictly erect or subgeniculate, 1 to 24 feet long, terete, smooth, about 3-noded, internodes exserted ; sheaths tight, terete, moet mouth bearded ; hgule a fringe of minute cilia ; blades lnear, setaceously attenuated, 4 to § ees by 1 to 2 lines, flat or more often convolute, rigid, subglaucous, quite smooth, striate. PANICLE linear, 4 to 10 inches, by $ to 2 inches, usually straight ; rhachis suleate, seaberulous ; branches often 2 to 5 close together, more or less spreading, usually curved, up to 1 inch long, flat on the back, wavy, simple, bearing spikelets from the base, connie SPIKELETS 14 to 3 lines long, vid, purplish or dark grey; rhachilla joints up to + line long. GLUMES lanceolate to lanceolate-oblong, reddish, subacuminate, scaberulous, lower 2 to 4 line !ong, upper ¢ to 1 line long. v. aes Janceolate in profile, oblong when eeponded, acutely feoninate or mineronulte, 1 line long ; callus very aceite obtuse, glabrous ; pales 1 line long ; keels seabrid ; lodicules + line long ; anthers 2 tot line long ; grain linear- oblong, oval in cross section, 2 line long. Habitat: Nata. Tugela River, 600 feet alt., Buc ee 242; Umlaas Dritt, Wood 1910; near Dundee, W. E. Green 98 (VV “ood 7453). Also in tropical South Africa as far as the Zambesi. Orey Fig 1, Lower glume; 2, upper glume; 3, valve; 4, pale: 5, pistil, stamens and lodicules. All enlarged. DIPLACHNE, Beauv. SPIKELETS shortly pedicelled or subsessile, somewhat distant or remote on the simple slender branches of a panicle ; rhachilla disarticulating above the glumes and between the valves, glabrous. Florets 2 to 10, perfect, or the uppermost reduced. GLUMES unequal or subequal, membranous, 1-nerved, keeled, persistent. Valves oblong to lnear-oblong, 2-toothed or minutely notched, rarely quite entire, muticous or mucronulate from the sinus, very rarely shortly awned from below the ae membranous, 3-nerved, usually finely ciliate in the lower part of the nerve, or sometimes quite glabrous ; side nerves percurrent or almost (or sometimes very shortly) excurrent Pales 2-keeled, shorter than the valves. Lodicules 2, cuneate, fleshy, nerved. Stamens 3. Ovary glabrous ; styles distinct, slender ; stigmas plumose, laterally exserted. Grain enclosed by the slightly altered valve and pale, oblong to obovoid-oblong, dorsally compressed, sometimes quite flat, rarely terete ; embryo equalling 4 to m the length of the grain; hilum punctiform, basal. Mostly perennial, tufted, somewhat coarse erasses ; blades long, narrow, flat or involute ; ligules membranous, sometimes reduced to a rim. PANICLES consisting of slender, usually long, simple, loosely spike-lke and more or less distant branches. SPIKELETS light or olive-green, often tinged with purple and dark. Species about 12, mainly in the warm regions of the Old World and in North America. PLATE No. 410. DIPLACHNE FuscA, Beauv. (Fl. Cap., Vol. VII., p. 591). Nat. Order Graminez. PERENNIAL, glabrous.—CuLMs tufted, stout, geniculately ascending or erect, often branched from the lower nodes, 3 to 5 feet long, terete, smooth, 3-4-noded, or many noded when branched, internodes enclosed except the uppermost or shortly exserted ; sheaths smooth, placer shining or the upper rough, the basal whitish, shehtly compressed, bluntly keeled ; ligules hyaline, oblong, acute, up to 24 lines long ; blades very narrow, linear, tapering to a fine often subpungent point, 3. to 6 inches, by 1 to 14 line when expanded, folded or convolute or sometimes flat, rather rigid, rough on both sides, rarely almost smooth below. PANtcie erect, straight or slightly nodding, obovate-oblong to linear, con- tracted or open ; rhachis slender, angular, rough ; be anches scattered or 2-3 close together, often more or less flexuous, the longest 3 to 5 inches, usually racemose ; pedicels short. SPIKELETS distant by half their length or more, narrow, oblong, 3 to 5 lines long, 5 to 10-flowered, usually dark olive-grey, rarely light or whitish. GLUMES lanceolate to oblong, obtuse or acute, often obscurely mucronate, the lower about 1 line long, the wpper 14 to 2 lines ; valves eblong, tips broad, entire or minutely emarginate, and with a tooth on one or both aes middle om side- nerves excurrent into a short or obscure mucro, or only the former, side-nerves silky ciliate below ; galls hardly any, pales minutely 2 2-toothed, flaps hairy along the keels ; anthers 3 * line long; grain oblong, dorsally compressed, up to 1 line long ; embryo almost t the length of the grain. Habitat: Nata. Clairmont, near Durban, 50 feet alt., Wood 6045. Drawn from Wood's specimen, the only one in the Herbarium. Natal is not credited with this species in the Flora Capensis. Fig 1, Lower glume; 2, upper glume; 3, valve ; 4, pale; 5, pistil, stamens and lodicules. All enlarged, PLATE 410. BRAGE BOCA DIPLACHNE F PLAIL 4if DIPLACHNE BIFLORA, 4acx. PLATE 411. DIPLACHNE BIFLORA, Hack. (Fl. Cap., Vol. VIL, p. 598). Nat. Order Graminee. PERENNIAL, almost glabrous.-—CuLMs tufted on a short oblique rhizome, erect, 1 to 2 feet long, terete, simple, slender, rough below the nodes, about 3-noded, internodes usually enclosed except the upper most. LEAVES crowded near the base; sheaths tight, terete, scaberulous or smooth, firm, the lowest reduced to bladeless scales ; ligule a membranous ciliolate rim ; blades linear, tapering to an acute point, 3 to 7 inches, by 2-3 lines, rigidly erect, flat or eS with scattered stiff hairs, particularly near the base, rough on both sides, glaucous. te] PANICLE contracted, obovate to linear-oblong, 2 to 6 inches long, glaucous, purplish ; rhachis scabrid, angular; branches simple, solitary or paired, sub- tlexuous, bearing spikelets from the base or almost SO, lowest up to 2 inches long. SPIKELETS 2-3-flowered, subsecund, 2-ranked, /ower ay exceeding the internodes, upper closer, shortly but distinctly pedicelled, a bout 2 | lines long. GLUMES subequal, Janceolate, acute, 2 to 2} lines long, minutely scabrid ; 1aargins and tips hyaline ; valves up to 24 lines long, entire, Pane or very minutely 2 soothed: very shortly awned from below the readily splitting ae tips, nerves silky -ciliate to the middle (at least in the lower floret) ; callus minute, acute, bearded; pales obtuse, not quite 2 lines long, keels seabrid ; lee 1 line long; grain oblong-linear, terete, 1 line long. Habitat: Navau. Mountain slopes near Umpumulo, 2500 feet alt., Buchanan Drawn from Buchanan’s 282, the only specimen in the Herbarium. A note in the Flora Capensis says: “ Rather ditferent from the other species of the genus, and perhaps not a true Diplachne.” Also in Transvaal and Basutoland. Fig 1, Lower glume ; 2, upper glume; 3, valve; 4, pale; 5, pistil, stamens and lodicules. All enlarged. Eracrostis, Beauv. SPIKELETS usually strongly laterally compressed, pedicelled in open or con- tracted panicles, rarely sessile mm simple or compound spikes, very Peni articulate on the pedicels ; rhachilla disarticulating above the glumes and between the valves or tough and persistent, glabrous, sometimes more or less scaberulous ; very rarely minutely hairy. Florets 2 to many, perfect or the uppermost reduced. GLUMES unequal or equal, usually membranous, L-nerved, or the upper some- times 3-nerved, keeled, persistent or deciduous. Valves more or less imbricate, ovate to lanceolate, acute or obtuse, entire, muticous, membranous to chartaceous, 3-nerved, glabrous, very rarely minutely pubescent ; side-nerves short or almost percurrent. Pales equal to the valves or shghtly shorter, membranous, 2-keeled, deciduous or persistent on the rhachilla. Lodicules au ial cuneate, more or less fleshy. Stamens 3, rarely 2. Ovary glabrous; styles distinct ; stigmas plumose, laterally exserted. Grain enclosed by the scarcely altered alee and pale and deciduous with them, or more commonly falling, with the deciduous valve, leaving the more or less persistent pale behind, oblong “to obovoid or globose, round or very obtusely triquetrous or quadyr: angular in cross section ; pericarp thin, sometimes shehtly swelling ov separating; embryo often $ as long as the grain (or sometimes longer) ; ; hilum punctiform, basal. PERENNIAL OR ANNUAL, of very varying habit ; blades narrow ; ligule reduced to a fringe of usually minute hairs ; ‘panicles lax to effuse or Cone cied to spike- luxe, or transformed into ‘simple or compound spikes ; spikelets usually more or less olive- green or olive-grey, breaking up variously, very rarely deciduous as a whole Species very numerous in the warm arts of the world. PLATE 412. ERAGROSTIS casIA, Stapf (FI. Cap., Vol. VIL, p. 599). Nat. Order Gramineve. PERENNIAL, densely tufted.—CuLms erect, slender, compressed, simple, # to 14 foot long, glabrous, smooth, 1-noded, at or below the middle, internodes shortly exserted, or both or the upper alone enclosed ; /ower sheaths crowded, almost flabellate, strongly compressed and keeled, often pinkish with white margins, upper tight or w idening upwards, all quite glabrous and smooth except at the scantily bearded mouth ; “ligule a fringe of minute hairs; blades tightly convolute, finely setaceous, 3 to 10 inches long, flexuous, rather firm, glabrous, smooth. PANICLE nodding, contracted, more or less ens 3 to 8 niches long; axis filiform, smooth ; branches solitary, rather distant, lowest often enclosed at the base in ie uppermost sheath, finely filiform, compressed, smooth, divided from the base or some distance above it; branchlets deen simply racemose or the lower again divided and then up to inch long, usually adpressed to the branches; pedicels short to very short. SPIKELETS rather crowded, lanceolate, acute, 25 to 5% lines by 1 line, grey, closely 3 to 5-flowered, rhachilla disarticulating, smooth. (eee unequal, deciduous, linear-oblong in profile, acute or subobtuse, sub- hyaline, l-nerved or (pé articularly the lower) nerveless, lower + to % line long, wpper over 1 line long. Valves lanceolate, acute or sometimes econ 13 to 13 line long, thin, smooth except on the scaberulous acute keels, Pales 1 line long, eee narrowly winged, scaberulous Anthers # line long. Habitat: Natau. Riet Vley, 4000 to 5000 feet alt., Buchanan 240. Drawn from Buchanan’s specimen. Fig 1, Lower glume ; 2, upper glume; 3, valve; 4, pale; 5, stamens, pistil and lodicules. All enlarged, A12 PLATE a a rare eS arene SSG i ae SS === — SSTGicon eee a ene tee {Ss = = —— = 5 Se ee Sie — ae = TS a ee er | [> aaeeel OS ia a SESS nes <= STAPF. ERAGROSTIS CAESIA. PLATE 415 yalida, Stapt PLATE 418. ERAGROSTIS CURVULA, Nees, var. valida, Stapf. (Fl. Cap., Vol. VII., p. 599). Nat. Order Graminez. PERENNIAL, very densely tufted, with numerous closely packed innovation shoots. CuLMS erect or geniculate, usually slender, simple, 1 to 2 feet high, glabrous, staooth, 2 to 3 noded, ‘internodes usually exserted, uppermost very long : lower sheaths crowded, short, firm, strongly striate, tomentose at the base, 21 radually less hairy to glabrous upwards, persistent, upper tight, glabrous or rarely hairy, smooth ; ligule a fringe of short hairs. Blades narrow, linear, long t tapermg. and usually eapillary in ae upper part, 3 inches to more phat 1 fet long, 1 to 14 line wide at the base when expanded, more or less filiform-involute or coe ohte. at least in the upper part, flexuous, somewhat. firm, glabrous, very rarely hairy, seabrid on the upper side and all over towards the tips, otherw: ise smooth. PANICLE open or contracted, erect or more or less nodding, 3 to 10 inches long ; axis filiform, more or less angular, eitoouh. at least below; branches solitary, unequally distant or partly su byertienlate, ee erect then more or less spreading, tinely filiform, flexuous, smooth or almost so, clabrous or sometimes with a few fine hairs at ine axils, ower divided from 3 to 6 lines above the base ; branchlets rather loose, usually contracted, simple or the lowest again divided, smooth, rarely the ultimate divisions seaberulous ; pedicels unequal, lateral usu: lly short rarely up to 2 lines long. SPIKELETS linear-oblong to oblong, 2 to 3 lines by 1 line, loosely 3 to 6- (rarely to 8-) flowered, usually dark olive- ervey; rhachilla subpersistent, then disarticulating, more or less very minutely hairy. GLUMES more or less unequal, lanceolate to oblong, acute to subobtuse, thinly membranous to almost hyaline, 1l-nerved or sometimes nerveless, keel if present seaberulous, wpper up to 1 line long, i, shehtly shorter. Valves lanceolate- oblong in profile, obtuse or subobtuse, 1 line long or shehtly longer, membranous, scaber rulous above the nuiddle, tips usually hyaline : and white, side-nerves fine. Pales equal to the valves, obtuse, keels fine, smooth or seaberulous above. Anthers 2 tod line long. Grain sub- ellipsoid, o btusely quadrangular, $ line long, brown, embry oO large. Var. conrerta, Nees.—On the whole taller and more robust ; panicle con- tracted, dense, with the branches more or less verticillate and divided from the base, divisions more often scabrid than in the type. Uae usually crowded, linear to linear-oblong, up to 5 lines long, and to 13-flowered, light olive-green to dark olive-grey. Var. VALIDA, Stapf—Culms usually robust, tall, 3 to 4-noded; sheaths glabrous and smooth or more or less hairy from one tubercle-based hairs ; blades up. to more than 2 feet, by 2 to 3 lines. Panicle $ to 1 foot, contracted or open ; axis smooth or peeuade branches 3 to 6 inches long, flexuous, much phage trom the base or simple for as much as 1 inch. Spikelets ear to linear-obloug, 84 to 54 lines long, 7 to £3-flowered. Glumes and valves very slightly larger than in the type. Habitat : NAaTAu. Umsinga and base of Biggarsberg, Buchanan 93; var. conferta, near Durban, Plant 57; Gerrard and Me Ken 35 (approaching the type) ; Umpumulo, : 2000 feet alla Buchanan 248, 249a; very common at Riet Vlei, 4000 feet alt., Buchanan 78, 249; Gerrard 675 (approaching the type) ; var. valida, Berea, Wood 5940; Gian: 6060; Van. Reenen’s Pass, 7224; PiGtermanie- burg, 7229. “A generally useful grass; native name Uviti (Jenkinson). Fig 1, Lower glume; 2, upper glume ; 3, valve; 4, pale ; 5, pistil, stamens and lodicules. All enlarged. PLATE 414. ERAGROSTIS CHLOROMELAS, Steud. (Fl. Cap., Vol. VIL, p. 602). Nat. Order Graminee. PERENNIAL, very densely tufted with closely packed innovation shoots. CuLMs erect or geniculate, slender, simple, very rarely branched above the base, 5 to 14 foot long, sub- compressed, glabrous, or very rarely scantily hairy, smooth, usually é 2-noded, internodes exserted, uppermost very long ; lower sheaths crow ded, very ‘short, firm, adpressedly hairy to tomentose at the very base or quite glabrous, persistent, upper tight, glabrous or with few fine scattered hairs, long- bearded at the mouth ; ligule a fringe of short hairs. Blades very narrow, filiform- convolute, capillary above, flexuous, 3to 6 inches long, rarely longer, + to 1 line broad when peta somewhat rigid, glaucous, clabrous or scantily hairy, scaberulous or scabrid on the upper face and all over towards the tips, otherwise smooth, PANICLE open, ovoid or pyramidal, lax, 2 to 8 inches long, erect, rather rigid ; axis filiform, smooth ; /ower branches in whorls of 5-3, or 2-nate, rarely all solitary, spreading, finely iim straight or subflexuous, glabrous or sometimes with a few fine hairs at the axils, longest 6 to 4 inches long, undivided for 4} to 1 inch from the base, then very loosely and at length div aricately branched, smooth or the ultimate divisions scaberulous ; pedicels capillary, the lateral 1 to 3 lines long. SPIKELETS scattered, linear, acute, 2 to 4 lines by 4 to # line, loosely 5 to 13-flowered, dark olive-grey to slate-grey ; rhachilla subpersistent, then disarticu- lating, very slender, flexuous, smooth, or almost so, joints up to 2 line long. GLUMES unequal, deciduous, lanceolate to lanceolate-oblong in profile, thinly acute or subacute, Hiemipeone or hyaline, 1l-nerved, scaberulous on the nerve ; lower 4 to # hae Bones % to l line long. Valves obliquely oblong in profile, subacute to acute, } to §& line long, membranous, smooth, side-nerves fine : spales equal to the valves, Ghaee keels fine, smooth or nearly so. Anthers about 2 line long ; grain oblong-ellipsoid, obtusely quadrangular, 4 line long, brown ; embryo large. Habitat: Navan. Near Ladysmith, Rehmann 7130, 7134; Umblanga, Wood 6058 ; near Van Reenen’s Pass, 5000 to 6000 feet alt., Wood 7221 Drawn from Wood’s 7221, Van Reenen, 14-12-1898. Fig 1, Lower glume; 2, upper glume; 3, valve; 4, pale: 5, pistil, stamens and lodicules. All enlarged, REALE 212, Be a hore - EES PEs iz = e ERAGROSTIS CHLOROMELAS, = srero PEAT E45, Mere VS ae : HL BBN : SI i, ERAGROSTIS NEBULOSA., §s7aer. PLATE 415. ERAGROSTIS NEBULOSA, Stapf. (FI. Cap., Vol. VII, p. 603). Nat. Order Graminere, PERENNIAL, densely tufted on a short oblique rhizome. Cums erect, rather slender, stiff, 2 to 3 feet long, glabrous, smooth, about 3-noded, internodes long, exserted, nodes slightly ineeed: lower sheaths com- pressed, more or less kee’ ed, 4 to 5 inches long, very firm, usually scarcely striate, quite glabrous, very smooth, often shining, upper tight, terete scantily | vearded at the reeuth or quite glabrous ; ligule a fringe of very minute hairs: blades very narrow, finely filiform and caniculate below, capillary i in the upper part, 1 foot long or longer, conspicuously narrower than ee sheath at their junction, rather rigid aelenee very flexuous above, glabrous, smooth or sea berulous towards the tips. PANICLE erect or nodding, large, at length open and very lax, # to 14 foot long and almost as wide, axis Blatonm: terete, smooth; branches 3-2-nate or partly solitary, at length spreading, the longest 4 to 6 inches long and undivided for 1 to 2 inches from the base, then like the rest distantly anche finely filiform, glabrous, smooth or scaberulous ; branchlets again scantily and loosely divided, up to 15 inch long, like the often long pedicels c ipillary and very flexuous. SPIKELETS linear, acute, 2 to 3 lines by # to 2 line, loosely 4 to 10-flowered, olive-grey ; rhachilla subpersistent, very Aieader , smooth. = eshte GLUMES subequal, lanceolate, acute in profile, 3 to # line long, delicate, l-nerved, keel seaberulous Valves lanceolate-oblong in profile, acute to sub- acununate 2 line long, membranous, smooth, shehtly shining, side-nerves ial and =? short. Bales equalling the ues keels smooth or almost so. Anthers 4 to $ line long ; grain oblong, 2 line by 4 line, brown. Habitat: Nara. On the Drakensberg Range, near Newcastle, Buchanan 196; De Beer’s Pass, 5000-6000 feet alt., J ood 5992; Mooi River, 3000 to 4000 feet alt , Mason 40 (Wood 7325); near Grey town, 3000-4000 feet alt., Wood 7343. Drawn from Wood's 7343. Fig 1, Lower glume; 2, upper glume; 3, valve; 4, pale; 45, pistil, stamens and lodicules. All enlarged, PLATE 416. ERAGROSTIS PLANA, Nees. (FI. Cap., Vol. VII., p. 509). Nat. Order Gramine. PERENNIAL, densely tufted.—CubLms erect or suberect, strongly compressed, 2 to 3 feet long, gle abrous, smooth, 3-noded, upper internodes long, usually more or less exserted. LEAVES crowded and almost flabellate at the base, striate, glabrous; lower sheaths strongly compressed, keeled, pallid; hgule a dense fringe of short hairs ; blades very narrow, linear, long tapering to a setaceous point, tightly folded, flexuous, 8 to more than 12 inches long, closely striate, smooth on the lower, seabrid and whitish on the upper side. PANICLE narrow linear to oblong, nodding, § to 1 foot long; axis angular, smooth ; branches solitary, very unequally distant, erect or slightly spreading, subdexuous ot somewhat nodding, longest 1 to 4 inches long, finely filiform, more or less triquetrous, smooth or sound along the angles, remotely ‘divided from near the base with the lower branchlets 3-2 spiculate, or all simply racemose ; pedicels up to 1} line long. SPIKELETS linear, 3 to 6 lines, by 1 line, olive-green to olive-grey, loosely 7 to 15-flowered ; rhachilla subpersistent. GLUMES very unequal, lanceolate to oblong, acute or obtuse, pallid, 1-nerved, lower about + 1 line long, wpper $ line long. V alves somewhat spreading, obliquely oblong in profile, fo'ded, acute or subacute, 1 to 14 line long, keel smooth, like the side-nerves prominent, rigid, almost straight. Pales equal to the valves, keels curved, scaberulous above. Anthers 3 to # line long; grain oblong, 3? line by $ line, reddish brown. ee|bo Habitat % NATAL. Berea, Wood 5928, Disa Mooi River, Wood Te BrAA0) & Riet Vlei, Buchanan 247 ; near Durban, Williamson 54: and without precise loeality, Buchanan 244. Drawn from Wood's 5937. Fig 1, Lower glume ; 2, upper glume; 3, valve; 4, pale: 5, pistil, stamens and lodicules. All enlarged, PLATE 416 Ae ae NE! PLANA. 2] ERAGhOS 1 12 PLATE: 417. 0 Sea | ff | vy H \ H iy | ' ! | { Ve] | Ct) fi! other RR] vese a CHAPELIE ERAGROSTIS PLATE 417. ERAGROSTIS CHAPELIERI, Nees. (FI. Cap., Vol. VIL, p. 614). Nat. Order Graminez. PERENNIAL, tufted.—CuLMs erect or suberect, simple, somewhat stout, 2 to 3 feet high, glabrous, 3-4-noded, intermediate and upper internodes exserted, upper- most very ‘long ; sheaths glabrous except at the more or less bearded mouth, or the lower scantily hairy, striate, lower al firm, persistent; ligule a narrow long hairy Te blades very harrow, linear, tapering to fine point, ‘usually involute or convolute, 3 to 10 inches long, 1 Nine broad at the base when expanded, rigid, closely striate, more or less hairy towards the base on the upper side, glabrous a smooth underneath. PANICLE erect, contracted, very narrow, 3 to $ inches long; axis slender, striate; branches erect, more or less adpressed to the axis, lowest solitary, 2 to 5 inches long, undivided for some distance, then (like the upper part of the axis) bearing fascicles of shortly pedicelled or subsessile spikelets on short branchlets Gromdcd towards the tips, or all branches very short, and then the panicle resembling an interrupted false spixe ; ultimate divisions and pedicels scabrid. SPIKELETS linear, much compressed, 3 to 8 lines by 14 to 14 hne, reddish- brown, 7 to 20-flowered ; rhachilla persistent, glabrous, shiosth, joints very short. GLUMES equal or more or less unequal, deciduous, lanceolate, about 1 line long, 1 nerved or upper sub-3-nerved, membranous, keels scaberulous above. Walves broad, obliquely ovate in profile, shortly ecu are or acute, 1 line long or very slightly longer, rather firm, deciduous from the base upwards, keels ECA eul oun: above, ales nerves strong. Pales slightly shorter than the valves. persistent, keels stout and rigidly ciliolate. Stamens 2, anthers about } to + line. Grain short ellipsoid, laterally compressed, 4 + to 4 line long, whitish, Ra ce te Habitat: Narat. Umpumulo, 2000 feet alt., Buchanan 254a ; near Durban, Williamson 58; valley of the Umlazi River, Drege: without precise locality. Plant 59; Gerrard 481. Also in tropical Africa, Delagoa Bay, and the Mascarene Islands. “When the s nikelets are very erowded the lower florets are often move or less y reduced and barren. Drawn from Buchanan's 25 4a. Fig 1, Lower glume; 2, upper glume; 3, valve; 4, pale; 5, pistil, stamens and lodicules. All enlarged, PLATE 418. ERAGROSTIS CHALCANTHA, Trin. (Fl. Cap., Vol. VIL., p. 615). Nat. Order Graminev. PERENNIAL, densely czespitose.—CuLmMs erect, straight, z to | foot long, glabrous, smooth, l-noded, uppermost internode occupying } or more of the culm and long exserted. LrAVES crowded at the base, more or less beset with spreading often tubercle- based hairs, rarely quite g glabrous ; sheaths striate, tight, bearded at the mouth or not, lowest firm, persistent : ligule a dense fringe "or very short hairs ; blades linear, tapering to a fine often subeallous point, 1 to 4 inches 1 oy 1 to2 lines, flat or more or less involute or convolute, particularly in the upper part, rigid, smooth or scaberulous on the upper side, obscurely striate above, conspicuously so below. PANICLE ovate to oblong, 1 to 3 inches long, more or less contracted ; axis smooth below, compressed and scabrid alone the angles above ; branches solitary, spreading, 3 to 9 lines long, racemosely 6 to 2 -spiculate or shorter and reduced to a sing'e spikelet, filiform, more or less angular, scabrid ; pedicels often puberulous, very short. SPIKELETS ovate-oblong to oblong, obtuse, somewhat turgid, 25 to 4 lines, by 14 to 14 line, closely 7 7 to 15- flowered, olive-green to almost ieadens grey ; rhachilla persistent, s smooth, joints very short. GLUMES unequal, ovate, obtuse to subacute, wpper longer, about # line long, keels scabrid. Valves | yroadly and o bliquely ovate, obtuse a penartie: 1 line long, membranous, side-nerves more or less 1 eae lea keel scaber His near the tip, 3] pales | hne long, keels spinulously sca age Anthers about 4 to 3 line long. Grain subglobose to almost cubic, less than + line long, brown, embryo very large. Habitat: Narau. Durban Bay, Avauss 295; Durban Flats, Buchanan 46 ; Umpumulo, common, Buchanan 256; Rovelo Hills, Sutherland; De Beer's Pass, Wood 5995; near Maritzburg, Wood 7230; Van Reenen’s Pass, 5000 to 6000 feet alt: , Wood 7 LD 2% Drawn from Wood's 7223. The culms in this specimen are sometimes ) 2-noded. Fig 1, Lower glume; 2, upper glume ; 3, valve; 4, pale; 5, pistil, stamens and Iodicules. Al/ enlarged, PLATE 418 1) yy TRIN. ERAGROSTIS CHALCANTHA. - ad PLATE 419. STHUD GANGETICA., ee ) ERAGROSTI Ss Lo Sa = pidez ee PLATE No. 419. ERAGROSTIS GANGETICA, Steud. (FI. Cap., Vol. VII., p. 617). Nat. Order Graminer. PERENNIAL, tufted.—CuLMs geniculate, suberect or erect, rather stout, simple or branching below, 1 to 3 feet long, glabrous, smooth, about 4-noded, wpper internodes exserted. LEAVES few at the base of each culm; sheaths glabrous except at the often bearded eee smooth, firm, wpper tight, lowest persistent ; ligule a very minutely ciliolate rim ; Piedes linea tapering to an acute or setaceous point, 2 to 6 inches by 14 to 2 lines, flat or more often involute, rather rigid, glabrous, smooth below, densely seaberulous and whitish above. PanicLeE oblong, 2 to 6 inches long, rarely shorter or longer, generally contracted, often nodding, or the lower ba amehes spreading ; axis it below ; branches solitary, r ather Wea lower up to 4 inches long, more or less Heeuoue: filiform, seaberulous, the lowest undivided for 4 to 1 inch or like the rest divided from near the base, their branchlets usually Sort and ae shortly pedicelled crowded spikelets. SPIKELETS linear-obloug to linear, up to 8 lines by 1 line, sometimes rather flexuous, usually olive-grey to leaden-grey, 8 to 30-flow ered : vhachilla persistent. GLUMES subequal, ovate-oblong, acute, ue to 1 line Jong, 1-nerved, deciduous. Valves obliquely oblong, acute to subobtuse, 4 # to 14 line long, side-nerves slender, prominent, keels scaberulous above ; pales deciduous, slightly shorter than the valves, keels seabrid. Anthers 2 to 3 line long; grain oblong, 2 line by 4-§ line, brown. Habitat: Navan. Near Durban, Williamson 61; moist sandy soil near Pinetown, Buchanan 115; Umpumulo, 2000 feet alt., Buchanan 254; Clairmont 50 feet alt., Wood 7262; and without precise locality, Gerrard 672 Also in tropical Africa and throughout tropical Asia. In Australia this grass is said to be a valuable fodder plant, os palatable and nutritious, and Gnateeted | by drought.” ‘ Fig 1, Lower glume ; 2, upper glume; 3, valve ; 3a, valve in profile; 4, pale; 5, pistil, stamens and lodicules. A// ¢ pied PLATE 420. ERAGROSTIS MAJOR, Host. (FI. Cap., Vol. VII., p. 620). Nat. Order Graminez. ANNUAL, tufted.—CuLMs geniculate-ascending or sub-erect, usually stout and branehed below, 4 to 2 feet long, glabrous, smooth, 3 to 4- nededs internodes more or less exserted ; sheaths lence strongly striate, eelea in the upper part, often glandular, particularly on the keel and the nerves above e, glabrous or scantily hairy, Beaded: ligule a fringe of short haus; blades linear or lanceolate-linear, long tapering to a fine point, 2 to 6 inches by 14 to 4 lines, flat, more or less flaccid, light green or subglaucous, glabrous or very scantily hairy, staooth below, scaberulous above, usually glandular along the margins. 5 PantcLe oblong to ovate-oblong, stiff, 2 to more than 6 inches long, dense or rather lax ; axis terete, smooth ; branciies sub-solitary spreading, stiff or flexuous, lowest up to os inches long or all short, branched from near take base ; lateral pedicels $ to 14 line long, all the divisions filiform, angular, scabrid. 9 > SPIKELETS linear to ovate-oblong, 2 to 6 lines long, by 1 to almost 2 lines, subflexuous if very long, light or dark olive-green, few to 50-flowered ; rhachilla persistent. ; GLUMES subequal, ovate oblong, subobtuse to acute, # or alinost L line long, l- (or the upper 3-) nerved, keels seabrid, margins minutely serrulate. Valves broadly and obliquely ovate in profile, obtuse or ‘subobtuse, 1 to 14 Ime long, side- herves prominent, strong Pales persistent, somewhat shorter than the valves, broad, keels seabrid or ciliolate. Anthers oblong, about § to } line long; grain globose, brown, loose within the turgid valves, 4 to 4 line in diameter. Habitat: Narau. By the Tugela River, 600 to 1000 feet alt., Buchanan 253; without precise locality, (1e) aa AT, Probably introduced. A native of the Mediterranean regions and India, Drawn from Buchanan's 253, the only specimen in the Herbarium. Fig 1, Lower glume; 2, upper glume; 3, valve in profile ; 4, pale: 5, pistil, stamens and lodicules. AM enlarged. PLATE 420. si. y Se PA a SS. SSS S wo i en : ERAGROSTIS MAJOR, vosr. PLATE 421. Poe FPEYK SUPERB, =RAGROSTIS PLATE 421. ERAGROSTIS SUPERBA, Peyr. (FI. Cap., Vol. VIL, p. 522). Nat. Order Graminere. PERENNIAL, densely ceespitose with intravaginal innovations, glabrous. CuLMS erect or geniculately ascending, 2 to 3 feet long, rather stout, smooth, 2-noded, internodes exserted, uppermost very long; sheaths smooth, bearded at the mouth, lowest crowded, broad at the base, keeled, persistent, upper terete, tight ; ligule a fringe of short hairs ; blades linear, long tapering to an acute point, 2 to 8 inches or more by 1 to 3 lines, firm, more or less rigid, upper often spreading, usually more or less ‘involute or fon olnic rarely quite flat, smooth below, scaberulous on the upper side. PANICLE narrow, linear or oblong, often imterrupted below, erect, 4 to 10 inches long ; axis usually straight, smooth, terete below, angular above, branches distant, erect or suberect, solitary, filiform, usually simply racemose, } to 3 inches long, 1 to 10 spiculate, rarely branched ; pedice!s very unequal, lateral, } to 3 lines long. Spikelets articulated with the pedicels, deciduous, rather distant or clustered towards the tips of the branches or branchlets, strongly compressed from the side, suborbicular, ovate to ovate-oblong, 3 to 8 lines by 25 to 44 lines, straw-coloured rarely more or less purplish, 7 to 37-flowered. GLUMES subequal, ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate in profile, acute or mucronate 14 to 24 ee long, 1-nerved, firmly mnembranous, strongly keeled. Valves obliquely oblong, s subacute, 13 to 24 lines long, acutely keeled, subchartaceous, side-nerves prominent and often green. Pales 2-fid, keels winged, wings narrowed upwards, produced into obtuse Bcc at base, ciliolate. Nahe 1 line long ; grain oblong, 1 line long; pericarp loose; seed truncate at both ends, sub- quadrangular, brown. Habitat : ee Weenen County, 5000 feet alt., Wood 4416; at 3500 feet alt., Wood 3587 ; banks of the Tugela River, Buchanan 255; and without precise locality, Board 468; Zululand, Wood 7307. Also from Delagoa Bay, Forbes, and in tropical Aftica. Drawn from Wood's 3587 The native name of this grass is Madolwana. Fig 1, Lower glume; 2, upper glume; 3, valve; 4, pale; 5, pistil, stamens and lodicules. All enlarged. PLATE 422. ERAGROSTIS BRIZOIDES, Nees. (FI. Cap., Vol. VII, p. 622). Nat. Order Graminece PERENNIAL, compactly tufted with intravaginal innovation shoots. CuLMs erect or geniculate-ascending, slender, firm, from $ to more than 2 feet long, lal >rous, smooth, 1 to 3-noded, internodes exserted, uppermost occupying from 4 to ¢ tie length of the culm; sheaths tight, glabrous except the bearded mouth, lowest short, crowded, persistent, ligule a fringe of minute hairs; blades narrow, linear, tapering to a fine point, 2 to 4 inches (1 ravely to 8 inches) by 1 to 12 line, usually more or less conwaltne or involute and rigid, glabrous, smooth below, Beabennlous above, striate. Panrcce linear to oblong, contracted, 2 to 4 inches long, erect or nodding ; axis filiform, flexuous, esate branches solitary, filiform, angular, smooth, racemosely 6 to 2 spiculate ; pedicels very short. SPIKELETS crowded or sometimes more distant, ovate to ovate-oblong, or suborbicular, strongly sOninteeet 2 to 6 lines, by 1h to 34 lines, densely’ 5 to 40-flowered, straw -coloured, usually tinged with dull purple : aiachalla persistent, rather stout, joint very short. GLUMES and valves similar, closely imbricate, rigidly membranous to sub- chartaceous, obtuse, back broad, keeled. Glumes subequal, oblong in profile, 14 to 14 line long, /ower 1-nerved ; valves obliquely elliptic-oblong in protile, 15 to 12 Ene long, side-nerves prominent, keel adpressedly ciliate. Pales subequal to the allies, broad, keels very densely and minutely ciliolate. Anthers 2 line long. Grain narrowly oblong, not quite 1 line by $ line; pericarp slightly swelling in water. Habitat: Narat. Riet Vlei, £000 to 5000 feet alt., Buchanan 251; Durban Flats, Buchanan 27; near Durban, Weiliamson 59; Coastland, Sutherland : throughout Natal, Avauss 365; Inanda, 1800 feet alt., Wood 993; Mooi River, Wood 4068: Berea, Wood 5934; Van Reenen’s Pass, 5000- ens feet alt., Wood 7222, 7245; and without precise locality, Buchanan 102, 252; Plant 62. This grass appears to be found all over South Africa. Fig 1, Lower glume; 2, upper glume; 3, valve; 4, pale: 5, pistil, stamens and lodicules. All enlarged, PLATE: 422 SSS es Ye i - Lg” = Ss = : / a SS a ea ERAGKROSES BRIZOIDES. NEES PLATE 4235. Aes. (SSS. SS See SSS es, SS ae =S —— Re PLATE 428. EraGrostis Lappuna, Nees. (FI. Cap., Vol. VIL, p. 627), Nat. Order Graminee. PERENNIAL, densely ceespitose.—CULMS erect or geniculate, firm, rather stout, 2 to 3 feet long, glabrous, smooth, about 3-noded, upper internodes (sometimes also the lower) exserted; /ower sheaths firm, strongly striate, pubesceut or glabrous, usually bearded at the mouth, persistent, upper tight, glabrous, smooth ; ligule a very minutely ciliolate rim; blades aa Tea tiliform-convolute, tapering to a fine point, 6 to 12 inches long, 1} line broad when expanded, rigid, flexuous, glabrous or sparsely hairy Eanes towards the base, smooth on the back, pcaiat ulous or smooth on the face, s strongly striate. PANICLE erect or nodding, narrow, linear to lanceolate, contracted, dense, sometimes spike-like, 6 to 8 inches long ; axis filiform, smooth ; branches solitary, sometimes 2 to 3-nate or irregularly approximate, adpresse sd, Jower up to 4 inches long, undivided for 1 to 1$ aan or like the others divided from near the base ; branchlets somewhat dietant adpressed, simple or again divided; lateral pedicels very short ; all the divisions faci filiform, angular, eimoutn or scaberulous. SPIKELETS oblong, 14 to 4 lines long, brownish or purplish, loosely 4 to 17-flowered ; rhachilla persistent. GLUMES subequal, lanceolate, acute, 1 line long, thin, deciduous, keel scabrid. Valves somewhat spreading, stiff, lanceolate in protile, acute, 1 line long or slightly longer, membranous, side-nerves prominent, like the keels rigidly ciliate, w ith the cia tubercle-based (or rarely with the keels glabrous). Pales equal to the valves, keels tubercled, long and rigidly ciate from the tubercles. Anthers over $ line long. Habitat: Natat. Near Durban, Drége; Plant 63; Gerrard 38, 475; 5 Wilhamson 57; Wood 6047; Rehmann 8630; Berea, Wood 5938; Zululand, Buchanan 301. Fig J, Lower glume ; 2, upper glume ; 3, valve; 4, pale; 5, pistil, stamens and lodicules. All enlarged. PLATE 424. ERAGROSTIS ASPERA, Nees. (FI. Cap., Vol. VIL, p: 628). Nat. Order Graminere. ANNUAL.—CULMS scantily fascicled, erect or suberect, 4 to # foot long (excluding the panicle), glabrous, smooth, simple, 2 to 3- noded, internodes usually enclosed ; sheaths keeled, vlabrous, except at the bearded mouth, or sparingly hairy, hairs fine, tubercle- “based ; ligule a fringe of long hairs; ‘blades linear, tapering to a long setaceous point, 4 inches to more than 1 foot by 2 to 3 lines, flat, flaccid, seabr id on both sides, glabrous. PANICLE large, very lax and open, thyrsiform, oblong to obovate-oblong, 8 to 20 inches long; axis terete, filiform, smooth below; branches whorled or irrecularly approximate, finely filiform to capillary, scabrid, bearded at the callous base, loosely and repeatedly divided from near the base, longest up to 6 inches long : pedicels very long and fine. SPIKELETS scattered, linear, obtuse, 24} to 4 lines by 2 to 2 line, pallid or tinged with purple, loosely 4 to 16-flow ered ; rhachilla very slender, breaking up. GLUMES subequal, oblong, obtuse, $ line long, 1-nerved. Valves obliquely ovate-oblong, truncate, } to 4 Slime long, de side-nerves prominent, strong. Pales equal to the valves and falling with them, obtuse, keels scabrid. Anthers about 7 line long. Grain globose, aaa 5° line diamenee. brown, loose in the somewhat turgid florets. Habitat: Natrau. Near Durban in Coffee Plantations, Drege; slopes of Tugela, 600 to 1000 feet alt., Buchanan 257; Zululand, Jenkinson 85 . Or Drawn from Buchanan's 257 Fig 1, Lower glume ; 2, upper glume ; 3, valve; 4, pale; 5, pistil, stamens and lodicules. Ali enlarged. 424. PLATE ERAGROSTIS ASPERA, NERS. PLATE 425. = Se NEES ERAGROSTIS GU/AMIFLUA PLATE 425. ERAGROSTIS GUMMIFLUA, Nees. (FI. Cap., Vol. VII, p. 629). Nat. Order Graminez. PERENNIAL, compactly czespitose..—-CULMS firm, erect, slender or somewhat stout, 1 to 2 feet long, glabrous, smooth, usually very viscous below the nodes, 3 to 5-noded, internodes exserted ; sheaths tight, striate, glabrous except at the bearded mouth, more or less viscous, lowest persistent; ligule a dense fringe of minute harrs ; blades narrow, linear, tapering to a setaceous “point, usually filiform- convolute, 4 to 10 inches long, 1 to 2 Imes wide at the base when expanded, rigid, glabrous, smooth on the back, densely scabrid along the projecting nerves on ‘the upper side. PANICLE linear or narrow-oblong, erect, 6 to 10 inches long ; rhachis angular, smooth ; branches solitary or irregularly approximate and subverticillate, evect or obliquely erect, short or the lower up to 3 inches long, angular, smooth, divided from the base ; branchlets mostly very short, subsecund, with the spikelets i in dense clusters ; pedicels very short. SPIKEL EDS oblong, obtuse, up to 2 lines long, purplish or light brown, rigid, loosely 5 to $-flow rered ; rhachilla disarticulating. GLUMES subequal, oblong- lanceolate, acute, about 3 line long, strongly keeled, keel scaberulous ; valves oblong i in profile, obtuse, 3 2 line long, rigidly membranous, side nerves very prominent, keel seaberulous above. Pales subequal to the valves, and falling with aay oa seabrid above. Stamens 3; anthers 2 line long ; ic 3 grain oblong-ellipsoid, 5 to $ line long, brown, smooth. Habitat: Navan. Without precise locality, Gerrard 680; near Dundee, 4000 feet alt., W. . Green 95, 96 (Wood 7451). Drawn from Green’s specimens, the only Natal one in the Herbarium. Fig 1, Lower glume; 2, upper glume; 3, valve; 4, pale; 4, pistil, stamens and lodicules, All en larged, a ay * VOL. 5.-PART 2. | ee EDITED BY sg: . 5): 4 oes, MEDLEY WOOD, ALS. whe DIRECTOR OF NATAL BOTANIC GARDENS, DURBAN. eRe AINI IE Ol NATAL GOVERNMENT HERBARIUM. NATAL PLANTS. VOL. S-PART 2. CS RASSES. , » » EDITED BY J VERDE Yo VWVOOD, -A.:S:;, DIRECTOR OF NA’TAT FBO TANTIC, GAFRDENS. IDURBAN,. — AND OF — NA TAT, GOVERNMENT FIR FRBARIUNI. Title Page. Preface, and Index will be published with the concluding part of the Volume. Ody A905. ROBINSON & Co., LID., PRINTERS, MERCURY LANE, DURBAN. 1905. ¥ a PLATE 426. ERaGRostis ATHERSTONET, Stapf. (FI. Cap., Vol. VIL, p. 607). Nat. Order Graminere. PERENNIAL.—CULMS erect, simple or with 1-2 branches from the upper nodes, over 2 feet long, wiry, glabrous, smooth, about 3-noded, lowest lengthened, inter- nodes about § foot long, like the upper long exserted, ith a ring oF more or less distinct gl: fede below the nodes : sheaths tivht, glabrous, smooth, substriate, inter- mediate | to 14 inch long ; ligule a fringe of minute hairs ; blades narrow, linear, tapering to a Bre point, 6 to 8 inches, by 1 to 1} line, more or less involute or convolute, rather firm, seaberulous on the upper side, otherwise smooth. Panrcie oblong, erect, lax, 5 to 6 inches, by | to line; axis filiform, smooth ; branches whouled. the lower in whorls of 4 to ja ly erect or slightly spreading, loosely divided from near the base, longest L to 14 inch long, capillary or subeapillary, straw-coloured, smooth, bearded at the axils; branchle ue capillary, subdivaricate, short, 3.1-spiculate, smooth or seaberulous ; lateral pedicels about: t line long. SPIKELETS scattered, lanceolate, 1 to 2 lines long, grey, 2 to 4-flowered ; rhachilla subpersistent. GiuMeES subequal, lanceolate in profile, acute or acuminate, ver y delicate, faintly I-nerved, up to 1 line long, or the lower slightly shorter. Valves oblong, subobtuse, “ line long, thinly membranous, smooth or almost so, side-nerves ohore fint. Bales equal to the valves, keels seaberulous and fine. Anthers 3 line lone. Grain pallid, translucent, oblong- ellipsoid, over + line long. Habitat: Navan. Without precise locality, Buchanan 277. By an unfortunate error in the Flora Capensis, Natal is credited with the grass Kragrostis Lehmanniana, which was really gathered in the Orange River Jolony, ol is there quoted as Buchanan 267, the quotation : “ Natal, without precise locality, Buchanan 277” should have come under HK. Atherstone: The specimen figured from was Buchanan's 277, which is the only one in the Herbarium, and we final that the culms are 2-3-branched, and the leaves 3 3 line wide, and only 4 inches long, the sheath coses also are long-bearded. Dr. Stapf, who has pointed out these differences, is of opimion that, with the scanty material at our disposal, the separation of the Natal plant as a variety is not at present advisable. Fie 1, Lower elume ; 2, upper glume : 3, valve; 4, pale ; 5, pistil, stamens and lodicules, All enlarged, PLATE 427. ERAGROSTIS PATENTISSIMA, Hack. (FI. Cap., Vol. VIL, p. 613). Nat. Order Graminew. PERENNIAL.—CuLmMs tufted, shortly ascending, subecompressed, + to 1 foot long, glabrous, smooth, few-noded, sheathed alleet to the base of the panicle, sheaths lax, particularly the lower, glabrous except at the scantily bearded mouth, striate ; ligule a elk ate rim. Blades linear to lanceolate-linear, tapering almost from the base to a fine point, 2 to 3 inches long, 1 to 24 lines: wide at the base, flat or involute, more or less hairy on the upper side, otherwise glabrous, smooth below, seabrid in the upper part. PANICLE erect, ovate-orbicular in outline, divaricate, effuse, very loose, up to 8 inches long ; axis glabrous, smooth, subangular, branches solitary, rarely 2-nate, subdistichous, lower almost } the length of une panicle, obliquely erect, divided from near the base ; branches long divaricate , 2-1-spiculate, filiform to subcapillary, angular, secabrid ; pedicels 3 to 14 ich long. SPIKELETS oblong, compressed, 3 to 4 lines, by 14 to 14 line, 6-9-flowered, light green tinged with purple ; rhachilla persistent, smooth. GLUMES subequal, lanceolate in profile, acuminate, almost 13 line long, herbaceous-membranous, l-nerved Valves, ovate-lanceolate in profile, acuminate, I} line long, firmly membranous; lateral nerves somewhat prominent, keels scaberulous : pales somewhat shorter than the glumes, strongly curved, keels stout and spinulously ciliolate. Anthers 2 line long. Habitat: Nata. Hill tops at Umpumulo, 2700-2800 feet alt., Biechanan The drawing of this grass was made from a drawing made at the Herbarium of Kew Coren by Miss M. Smith, by kind permission of the Director, as the plant in our Herbarium was not complete enough for the purpose. Fig 1, A spikelet ; 2, glume ; 3, valve; 4, pate, back view ; 5, pale, lodicules and ovary : 2 89 5 6, stamen ; 7, pistil; 8, unripe caryopsis : 9, caryopsis, All enlarged, PLATE 427. ERAGROSTIS PATENTISSIMA mec ERAGROSTIS CILIARIS. PLATE 428. ERAGROSTIS CILIARIS Link. (FI. Cap., Vol. VIL, p. 629). Nat. Order Gramiev. ANNUAL OR SUBPERENNIAL (/) tufted.—Cubms geniculate, ascending, often froma procumbent base, slender, $ to 2 feet long, glabrous, smooth, simple or branched below, about 3-noded, imternodes exserted; sheaths striate, tight, glabrous or ccm hairy, bearded with long hairs at the mouth; ligule a fringe A short hairs. Blades linear, tapering to a Bane point, 3 to 6 mches by letor? ) lines, usually involute, somewhat stiff and spreading, glabrous, or with scattered ne long hairs, scaberulous. PANICLE spike- like, more or less lobed or interrupted, dense to very dense, 2 to G inches long ; axis stab: branches adpressed, usually all very short or the lowest up to | inch loug, divided from the base, pedicels very short. oD? SPIKELETS crowded, ovate, strongly compressed, 1 to almost 2 lines long, loosely 6 to 12-flowered, pallid, sometimes purplish ; rhachilla breaking up GLuMES oblong-lanceolate, acute, 2 to almost $ line long, I-nerved, keel ag brid. Valves oblong i in profile, sabtruncate and nanicoonularone spreading, about 4 line long, thin, side-nerves prominent, keel scabrid. Pales equal to the valves ane falling with them, keels of ae very long and rigidly ciliate. Anthers } to | line long. Grain elongate-ovoid, } line long, “brown. Habitat: Navan. Common near the coast, Buchanan 160; margins of woods near the Umlazi River, Avauss 3845; near Durban, MeWen 124; Durban Flats, Buchanan 38; Berea, Wood 5926; between Umzimkulu and Umkomanzi Rivers, Drege 4270; and without precise locality, Gerard GOL; Zululand, 2000 feet alt. Jenkinsou 67, January, Drawn from Wood's 5926, but not more than 2 stamens were found im all the florets examined — The keel of the valve is cilate at base in our specimens. “Common throughout tropical Africa and America, and in North India.” Fig 1, Lower glume; 2, upper glume; 3, valve ; 3a, valve in profile; 4, pale; 5, pistil, stamens and lodicules. Ad/ enluryed. PLATE 429. ERaGROSTIS NAMAQUENSIS, Nees, var. robusta, Stapf. (Fl. Cap., Vol. VIL, p. 630). Nat. Order Gramine. ANNUAL OR SUBPERENNIAL (!) tufted.—CuLms erect, slender, $ to 1 foot long, glabrous, smooth, 1-noded, simple, upper internode by far the longest, long exserted ; sheaths striate, glabrous, tight, lowest more or less compressed and keeled. Blades linear, tapering to a fine pomt, 2 to 4 inches, by 1 to 14 line, flat, Haccid, glabrous, smooth, PANICLE tightly contracted and linear or more or less sie and oblong, 4 to 6 inches long, erect ; axis smooth, terete ; branches solitary or 2-3-nate or irrewularly approximate, ereet ov obliquely spreading, rather loosely and repeatedly divided from near the base, all divisions subcapillary, glabrous, smooth or almost so: lateral pedicels usually very short. SPIKELETS crowded or more or less scattered, elliptic, obtuse, 1 line long, about 5 or 6-flowered, light purplish ov brownish ; rhachilla disarticulating. (FLUMES subequal, broad, oblong, obtuse, emarginate, + line long, hyaline, I-nerved, persistent. Valves oblong in profile, obtuse, 2 line long, hyaline, side- nerves prominent, smooth, like the keel. Puales subequal uo the valves, keels smooth, falling math the valves. Stameus 2; anthers almost + line long. Grain oblong, | line ‘by | L line, brown, smooth. Var. RoBUSTA (Stapf).—-Culims stout, up to 3 feet high, 3-noded, simple or branched below ; sheaths long, exceeding the internodes (except the uppermost) usually slipping from the stem and rolling inwards in the upper part. Panicle ¢ to 14 foot long, usually contracted, ence branches more numerous, often very long. > anthers ! i line long or almost so. Habitat: Navar. Var. robusta, by streamlets at 1000 feet alt., without precise locality, Buchanan 276. Drawn from Buchanan's specimen, the only one in the Herbarium. In our specimen the valves are emarginate like the glumes. Kie 1, Lower glume ; 2, upper glume; 3, valve ; 3a, same in profile ; 4, pale ; 5, pistil, stamens and lodicules. All enlarged. ERAGROSTIS NAMAQUENSIS, #5. Var: robusta, Stapf, yy LZ oo aL We: pe : oF 2 CYNODON DACTYLON, enrs. Cynopon, Pers. SprKELETS 1-flowered, small, laterally compressed, sessile, imbricate, altern: ately 2-seriate and unilateral on a slender keeled rhachis ; rhachilla disarticul: ating above the glumes, produced, or not, beyond the valve. Floret hermaphrodite. GiuMEs narrow, keeled, or subulate-inucronate, the wpper usually deciduous with the valve, the /owerv subpersistent. Valve exceeding the elumes, navicular, firmly membranous, 3-nerved, awnless, keel ciliate. Pale somewhat shorter than the valve, ?-keeled, Lodicules 2.) minute, obovate-cuneate, @labrous. Stamens 3. Ovary glabrous ; styles distinct, slightly shorter than the plumose stiginas, Grain oblong, subterete ; embryo about 4 the leneth of the erain : hilum linear, 3 the length of the eran, PERENNIAL ; stems creeping, rooting at the nodes and emitting from them fascicles of barren shoots and flowering culms ; spikes 2 to 6 in terminal umbels, Species 2, 1 in extra-tropical South Africa, the other almost cosmopolitan, PLATE 480. Cyrxopon DacryLon, Pers. (Ge Cap., Vol. VII.. p. OA). Nat. Order Graminen, Cubms from a few inches to 1} foot long, slender, glabrous, smooth, martny-noded, the Jower internodes very short, enclosed, the wpper 3-4 much longer, more or Re exserted, Leaves usually conspicuously distichous in the barren shoots and at the base of the culms : sheaths tight, glabrous or hairy, often bearded at the mouth ; ligule a very fine ciliate rim; bk les line: aur, finely ac ute to pungent, $ to 6 inches, by 1 to 14 line, very rigid to flaccid, folded or convolute or Hat, more or less olaucous, elabrous or hairy, smooth be low, scaberulous above. Spikes 2 to 6, str aight, + to 24 lone + rhachis pubescent at the base, keel and margins scabrid or the keel smooth, => 3 inches SPIKELETS |i slender, equalling eht green or purplish, € to Pf line long; rhachilla produced, very o the le neth of the spikelet. GLUMES lanceolate, acute to subulate-mucronate, the lower £ to # line long, the upper usually shehtly longer, keels scabrid or smooth, Valve obliquely ablene to semi- ovate, subobtuse or minutely apiculate, ,about 1 line long, keel ciliate ; keels of pale eeteriou Anthers oblong, $line long. Grain 4 line lone. Habitat: Navan. Durban Flats, Buchanan, 12: 34: Berea Wood. 5930, and without precise locality, Buchanan 200 ; Dundee, 4000-5000 ft. alt. : Green 71, An almost cosmopolitan @rass. Tn India it is known as “ Dub” or * Doub,’ in other places as ** Bermuda” @rass, or Devil's? erass. Ti the Southern States of America it is highly valued as a pasture or fodder grass, but ae only be planted Where it is to remain permanently, as its creeping roots make very difficult to eradicate when it has once got a firm footing, In India it is Eenaee to be one of the best of grasses, it endures drought, but will not stand much frost. Tn the coast districts of Natal it remains green during the winter, but will not be likely to do so in the uplands. Fig I, Portion of sheath and blade showing ligule : 2, spikelet ; 3, lower glume 5 4, upper giume 3 9, valve; 6, pale ; 7, pistil stamens and lodicules. AM enlarged. Microcuboa Ry Br. SPIKELETS 1-2-Howered, small, sessile, crowded, unilateral on a flattened rhachis. Alternating 2-seriate from near the margins of the rhachis, or in a single row : rhachilla disarticulating above the glumes, more or less produced. — Floret herma- phrodite, or if 2, the dower hermaphrodite, the wpper male or indicated by an empty valve, GLUMES 2, persistent or (particularly the upper) deciduous, strongly 1-nerved, Hattened from the back or keeled, subequal. Valve shorter than the glumes, delicate, white, minutely or obscurely mucronulate or emarginate, 8-nerved, densely hairy along the nerves (if 2, the upper elabrous) ; callus small, acute hairy. Pale slightly shorter than the valve or almost equal, 2-keeled. Lodicules 2, cuneate, glabrous, thin, faintly nerved, Stamens 38, ovary glabrous (quite suppressed’ in the upper: floret) : styles distinet ¢ stigmas plumose, later: lly exserted. Grain oblong, terete, triquetrous or compressed, embr: iced by the unchanged valve and pale, free: hilum panctiform: ; embryo equalling 4-2 the length of the erain. PERENNIAL, rarely annual, sometimes densely tufted ; leaves narrow, often subsetaceous + ligule reduced to a minutely eiliolate rim : spikes solitary, terminal (in the African species) or 2-4 in a terminal uunbel, str: ueht or curved, Species 7, widely distributed through the tropics, 3 in Africa, 5 in Australia. PLATE 481. MicrocuLtoa cAarrra, Nees. (Il. Cap., Vol, Vi. |). 636), Nat. Order Graminer, Pr ENNIAL, Compac sty caespitose,—C ULMS erect or oe micul: ate-erect, very slender, simple, $ to 1 foot long, compressed below, 1 to 2-noded, elabrous, smooth, internodes crt the uppermost by far the longest. Leaves crowded at the base ; sheaths tight or the uppermost subtumid, glabrous or ciliate at the mouth, smooth, the lowest persistent, breaking up into fibres ; blades subsetaceous, with an acute or callous point, $ to 6 inches Jone, folded, firm, often curved, glabrous or scantily hairy near the base, smooth, margins rough, Spike solitary, 2 to 34 inches lone, usually curved, often purple, margins of the rhachis ciliolate. SpIKELETS 1-flowered, divergent and biseriate or imbricate and more or less iniseriate, slightly dorsally compressed, 1 to 24 lines long, glabrous. GiuMes lanceolate-oblong, acute or the wpper acuminate, the dower asymmetric, slightly longer. Valve minutely cuspidate, 14 line long, densely hairy along the herves except at the very tip: keels of pale se: abrid, ciliolate above ‘the middle. Anthers not quite 1 Ine long. Grain terete, over 4 5 line long, Habitat: Navav. Riet Vlei, 4000-5000 feet alt... Buchanan 162; South Downs, Weenen County, 4000 feet alt., Wood 4403: Benvie, 3000-4000 feet alt., Wood 6007 ; Pietermaritzburg, Wood 7226. Fie 1, Lower glume ; 2, upper glume ; 3, valve ; 4, pale : 5, pistil, stamens and lodicules. All enlarged, MICROCHLOA CAFFRA, xz2s. __PLATE 452. MICROCHLOA ALTERA. s74?F. : Vor: Nelso Nelsonii, Stapf. PLATE 482. MIcRocHLOA ALTERA, Stapf, var. Ne!soni, Stapf. (FI. Cap., Vol. VIT. p. 637). Nat. Order Graminer. PERENNIAL, densely crespitose.—CULMS erect, very slender, simple, 8 to 10 inches long, compressed below, 2-noded, glabrous or woolly, upper 2 imternodes very long, exserted. LEAVES mainly crowded at the base; sheaths tight or scantily woolly, the basal compressed, keeled, very narrow, persistent, at length breaking up into fibres; blades setaceous, folded, acute, scarcely distinct from the leet 3 to 6 inches long, glabrous, smooth. Spike solitary, # to 1 inch long, usually straight ; rhachis glabrous. Sp IKELETS 2 -flowere a, dorsally anc obliquely compressed, uniseriate Or biseriate, 24 lines long, glabrous, brown. GLUMES lanceolate-oblong, obtuse, the /ower slightly longer and a the upper firmer. — Florets, eer hermaphrodite ; v: alee rainutely bilobed, 14 line long, ciate along the nerves; pale glabrous, keels very finely seabrid ae upper floret Waien. shehtly smaller : allie and pale elabrous, more delicate, the latter often reduced or quite suppressed. Grain 1 line long. Habitat: Natau. Riet Vlei, 4000-5000 feet alt., Bauehananw 163: Zululand. 2000 to 3000 feet alt., Wood 7304 (Jenkinson 44), Fig 1, Lower glume ; 2, upper glume ; 3, valve of lower floret ; 4, pale of same ; 5, valve of upper floret ; 6, pale of same : 7, pistil, stamens and lodicules. Al enlarged. CTENIUM, Panz. SPIKELETS of 3 to 4 florets, sessile, compactly crowded, unilateral, alternately biseriate along the midrib of the flattened rhachis ; rhachilla Micon ating above the glumes, continuous between the valves, the lower 2. florets barren or ther second mi ale, the third herm: aphrodite, the fourth male or barren or quite rudimentary. GLUMES unequal, the /ower persistent, keeled, thin, 1-nerved, the upper much longer, oblong to Hceolnte. flattened or rounded on the back, firm, 2-3-nerved, wa a stiff awn from the middle. Valves oblong in profile, obtuse, 3-nerved, awned just below the tips, ciliate none the nerves or the Uidys ae glabrous, white, thin. Pales slightly shorter, 2-keeled or 2-nerved. Lodicules 2 2, quadrate- cuneate, delicate, faintly nerved. Stamens 3 in the hermaphrodite, 2 in the male florets. Ovary glabrous ; styles distinct, stigmas slender, long, laterally cen er Grain free, patie vced by the unchanged valve and pale, oblong ; embryo up to $ the leneth of the grain; hilum barat. punctiform. PERENNIAL, densely tufted, rarely annual; leaves narrow, flat or convolute ; spikes terminal, solitary or in nuimbels of 2-3, usually ened spikelets prettily pectinate and auc Species about 9, in Africa and America. PLATE 488. Crentum conctnnum, Nees. (Fl. Cap., Vol. VIL, p. 638% Nat. Order Graminee. PERENNIAL, densely tufted.—CuLms erect, 1$ to 2 feet long, villous or pubescent below the spike, 2-noded, upper 2 internodes very long, at length more or less exserted. LEAVES mostly crowded at the base; sheaths tight or the upper subtumid, striate, glabrous, smooth, we basal ones compressed, persistent ; ligule extremely short, minutely eiliolate ; b'ades narrow, linear, acute, the basal up to 1 foot by $ to 1 line, flat or setaceously convolute, emacs below, secaberulous above and along lie margins. Spikes solitary, rarely paired, olive-grey, 3 to 10 inches, by 2 to 23 ite 91 SPrKELEtS 3 to 34 lines. GuuMEs, /owev ovate, acuminate, about 14 line long, keel coarsely seabrid ; upper, broadly lanceolate, acuminate, 3. to 34 lines lone, seabrid to hispidulous, babetcled on the nerves, 2-nerved, aoe nerve emitting an obliquely erect awn, not produced beyond it or faintly so or percurrent and even excurrent, side-nerve percurre ie or excurrent, awn Sse areely exce eding the glume. Valves, lowest barren, more or less cuspidate or apiculate, ciliate, 14 ines long, awn 2 to 4 lines long ; ee valve shghtly longer, narrower, the ie prolonged into a beard above ane middle with a rudimentary pale and 2 perfect or imperfect stamens, awn 3 to 33 lines long, third valve like the second, but more delicate, shorter awned, with a 2-keeled “ol: abrous pale, and a hermaphrodite flower ee ralve glabrous, delicate, [4 line long, with a broad 2-nerved delicate pale and 2 2 stamens; lodicules up to ! line long. Anthers of the hermaphrodite flower 15 line long, those of the male ust: uly shorter : anther cells acute ; styles very short : stigmas 1} line long. Habitat: Narav. Umpumulo, 2000 feet alt., Buchanan 179; Pearson’s Falls, May, &. Lauth, Fie 1, A spikelet ; 2, Tower glume; 3, upper glume; 4, Ist valve; 5, 2nd valve; 6, pale, lodicules and stamens from and valve: 7, 3rd valve; 8, pale; 9, pistil, stamens and lodicules ; 10, 4th yalve ; 11, pale; 12, male flower, All enlarged. PLATE 455. — —_ =a HARPECHLOA CAPENSIS, xvmrs Harrecuioa, Kunth. SPIKELETS of 3-4 florets sessile, crowded, unilateral, alternate ly biseriate alone the midrib of a flattened rhachis ; rhachilla disarticulating above the glumes, continuous between the valves, the lower floret hermaphrodite, the following 1 or 2 male, the uppermost barren, rudimentary. GLUMES unequal, the /ower persistent, keeled, very thin l-nerved, the wpper much longer, oblong, flattened on the back, 2 to 3-nerved, firm. Hermaphrodite Horet about equalling the upper glume. Valve folded, obliquely oblong in_ profile, obtuse, white, thin, 3-nerved, densely cihate along the nerves ; callus obscure : pale shehtly shorter, 2-keeled ; lodiet ules cuneate, fleshy, almost 8-winged ; stamens 3 ; ovary glabrous ; styles distinct ; stigmas slender, plumose, laterally exserted. — Upper florets crowded in a club-shaped “body, not exceeding the herm: aphrodite floret, enveloped by the valve of the lower male floret ; valves 2-nerved or with a trace of the middle nerve near the apex, ciliolate or olabrous ; pales 2-nerved ; stamens 3 or 0 ; ovary usually quite suppressed. Grain free, embraced by the unchanged valve ane pale, oblong, obtusely triquetrous ; embryo $ the length of the eran ; hilum puneti- torn. cas ; PERENNIAL, de nsely caspitose ; leaves firm, folded or convolute above, more or less curved ; spikes terminal, solitary, rarely germinate, dark olive-grey. Species 1, endemic. PLATE 434. HARPECHLOA CAPENSIS, Kunth. (Fl. Cap., Vol. VII., p. 639). Nat. Order Graminex. CuLMs erect, } to 2 feet long, compressed below, 2-noded, woolly below the spike, otherwise usually glabrous, upper 2 mternodes very long, exserted. Leaves mostly crowded at the base ; basal sheaths imbricate, firm, persistent, compressed, keeled, hairy or glabrescent, bearded at the mouth, striate, the uppermost slightly tumid, e abrous . ligule a ciholate rim ; blades linear, acute to obtuse, 3 to 10 inches, by 4 to 15 line when flattened out, glaucous, glabrous or hairy to woolly, smooth. ¢ ibea i to 24 inches lone to + lines broad ; rhachis ciliate or woolly, SPIKELETS 3 to 34 lines lone. GiuMEs, /oiwer ovate, acute to obtuse, 14 to iG lines lone; wpper 3 to 3d Imes long ; valve of the hermaphrodite Horet 3 to 34% lines long; pale ciliate alone the margins and hairy near the tip, keels scaberulous ; lodicules 4 line lone, Anthers 14 3 to 13 line long ; upper valves and anthers smaller. Grain 14 line lone, Habitat : Navau. Near Maritzbure, 1000-2000 feet alt., Avauss 445: Riet Vlei, 4000-5000 feet alt.. Buchanan 178 ; Mooi River, 4000 feet alt... Wood 7317 : and without precise locality, Buchanan 57 293, Fig 1, A spikelet ; 2, lower glume ; 3, upper glume; 4, valve; 5, pale : 6, pistil, stamens and lodicules ; 7, second valve; 8, pale; 9, stamens; 10, third valve; 11, pale. A// enlarged, CHLORIS, Swartz. SPIKELETS of 2-4 florets, sessile, erowded, unilateral, 2-seriate on a slender vhachis ; rhachilla disarticulating above the glumes, tough between the valves, more or less produced ; lowest ote hermaphrodite, the Sean male or barren, the following, if present, barren, often minute. GLUMES 2, persistent, narrow, keeled, acute and mucronate, very thin, or broad, and the upper obtuse, more or less bilobed and rounded on the back. Hermaphrodite floret ; valve narrow or broad, 3-nerved, acute or obtuse, minutely 2-toothed, ee awned from below the apex, often ciliate; pale almost equalling the valve, 2-keeled ; lodicules 2, minute, delicate, glabrous ; stamens 3; ovary glabrous, styles distinct. short ; stigmas laterally exserted. Male floret ; valve and pale as in the hermaphrodite flow er, but smaller and glabrous. Rudimentary florets glabrous, awned or awnless, al to very small, usually without a trace of a pale. Grain oblong, triquetrous ; embryo rather large ; hilum punctiform, basal. PERENNIAL OR ANNUAL; leaves flat or folded; spikes solitary or several to many in terminal umbels or short racemes, erect or stellately spreading. Species 40-45 in the tropical and subtropical regions of both hemispheres. PLATE 435. CHLORIS PYCNOTHRIX, Trin. (Fl. Cap., Vol. VIL, p. 641). Nat. Order Graminez PERENNIAL OR ANNUAL (flowering the first year’) $ to 1 foot high. Stems prostrate, emitting tufts of barren shoots and culms from the rooting edest CubMS geniculately ascending, 2-8-noded, more or less suleate below, glabrous, upper internodes exserted. LEAVES conspicuously distichous; basal sheaths much compressed, keeled, short, uppermost usually subtumid, all glabrous, smooth ; ligules membranous, up to 1 line long, ciliolate ; blades linear, obtuse, 14 to 2 inches by 14 to 2 lines, rarely longer, flat, glaucous, olabrous, smooth or scaberulous above, margins rough. Spikes 3 3 to 9, Pee or some shortly peduncled, umbelled or subumbelled, suberect, at length usually spreading, pallid or purplish, 13 to 3 inches long ; rhachis seabrid, SPIKELETS 2-awned, + line long; rhachilla joints between the valves 3 the leneth of the lower valve, fine, rh achilla not produced. (G¢LUMES very narrow, lanceolate, acuminate, the /ower $ to 3 line long, the upper 1 to 14 line, keels very seabrid. Lower valve linear -oblong n profile, acute, minutely 2-toothed, 14 line long, glabrous, keel and tip ae gh ney callus minutely bearded, awn very eae 6 to & lines long; pale glabrous, keels seabrid ; anthers + line long ; grain linear-oblong, & line long; upper valve rudimentary, empty, $ line long, awn 2 to 3 lines long. Habitat: Navan. Umpumulo, 1800 feet alt., Buchanan 185; Inanda, 1800 feet alt., Wood 1590. Also in tropical Africa, and Eastern Brazil and Paraguay. Drawn from Buehanan’s 185. d Fig 1, Lower glume ; 2, upper glume ; 8, valve; 4, pale : 5, pistil, stamens and lodicules ; 6, upper valve, AM enlarged. a PLATE 455. —= \ 1 aN Ws ; \ \ $4 Yi WM, ain SAAN Jia WER hi \5 w4 Yj. \ NAY, 4 F XN =hy pale ol; abrous : anthers ¢ to 1 r line long; grain Tinear-oblong, obtusely triquetrous, } line long : upper valve (or valves ) ({uite empty, obliquely cuneate in profile, 1 line OF less lone, awh from below the tip, 3 to 6 lines lone, Var. Llegaus (Stapf). Spikes up to 3 inches lone. Spikelets usually sub-3- flowered : lower valve cons neuously Sica Id dine long, more dee ly erooved on | 3 ‘| the faces, keel elabrous or ciliate to, and bearded at the mid lle. Habitat: Nara. Berea, Wood 5948 + river banks at Tueela, G00 to 1000 feet alt.. Buchanan 186: Van Reenen’s Pass, 5500 feet alt.. Wood 5990 2 Zululand, 2000 feet alt. Jenkinson 52 3 var, elegans, Inanda, [800 feet alt., Wood 687, Widely spread through the tropies of both hemispheres, Mr. Jenkinson says of this grass: Found chiefly in’ old) cultivated eround, dries up altogether in winter. It is said to be a wood fodder OTASS, and to be mueh relished by stock.” Dr. Andrew Smith says that the natives boil the roots to make a bath for cold and also for rheumatism. Fig J, Lower glume ; 2, upper glume ; 3, valve in profile ; 4, pale ; , pis stil, stamens and Jodicules; 6, second valve. All enlarged, PLATE 487. Cutoris GAyansa, Kunth. (FI. Cap., Vol. VIL, p. 642.) Nat. Order Graminew. PERENNIAL OR ANNUAL, 2 to + feet high—Cubms erect or geniculately-ascending, or prostrate at the base, simple or branched, often emitting fase icles of barren shoots or short runners from the lowest nodes, often robust, 3 to 9-noded, compressed below, elabrous, smooth, wpper internodes usually exserted ; sheaths @labrous or sparingly hairy near the mouth, smooth, the Jower stronely compressed, keeled, keels sometimes scabrid, the uppermost sometimes tumid : ligules membranous, very short, long-hairy ; blades linear, long-tapering to a fine point, $ to more than 1 foot by 3 to 4 lines lich expanded, flat or folded, glabrous or hirsute near the base, green, smooth below, rough above and on the margins, Spikes 6 to 15. umbelled, sessile, suberect, rarely spreading, 24 to f inches lone, greenish or brownish : rhachis scabrid. SprxeLers 1d line long, 3-4-flowered, shortly 2-awned. GLUMES very unequal, the /ower ovate-lanceolate, acute, subhyaline, $ to 4 line lone, the upper oblong, obtuse, mucronate, L to 1d line long, firmer, scaberulous ; lowest valve oblong, subobtuse or acute, minutely 2-toothed, ciliolate along the marginal nerves ae shortly bearded below the tips or only finely bearded (in the South African species), « r almost vlabrous, with a sometimes minutely hairy) groove on each face ; WIL as Pate or slightly longer than the valve, str: aight: callus minutely bearded ; pale ol: tbrous, keels scabrid : anthers 3 { line long, second valve with a male ‘lower, like the preceding, but elabrous, | line long, awn 1 line long or less ; third (and) fourth) valve rudimentary, cuneate in profile, empty, awnless. Habitat : Navau. Uiilazi River, Drege > Umaduana, Sutherland ; near Durban, Williamson 43°: Umpumulo, Buchanan 18s, Also in tropical Africa. Drawn from Buchanan's LSS, Fie 1, Lower glume ; 2, upper glume; 3, valve; 4, pale; 5, pistil, stamens and lodicules : s 5 : 5 > 95} ’ 6, second valve ; 7, rudimentary valve. ddl enlarged. PLATE 457. KUNTH. CHLORIS GAYANA. __PLATE 458 = CHLORIS PETRAZA, rxons. PLATE 488. Cunorts perma, Thunb. (Il. Cap., Vol. VU, p. 643). Nat. Order Graminee. Prrenniar, densely tufted.—Cunms erect, or suberect, 1 to 2 feet long, 2-noded, compressed below. elabrous, smooth, mternocdes long-exserted, Leaves crowded at the base ina fan-lke manner ; sheaths strongly compressed, keeled, glabrous, smooth, except on the scabrid keels + ligule a ciliate rim: blades linear, acute or subobtuse, 2 to 8 inches by 3 to 3 lines when expanded, usually Folded, glabrous, glaucous, smooth, Spikes } to 8, sessile, 2. to 4 inches long, sub- erect, brown, straight or gently curved ; rhachis pubescent at the base, scabrid. SPIKELETS about 1 line long, 2-Howered : rhachilla joint between the valves very short, terminal jomt a bristle half as long as the upper valve or longer. Guumes, lower oblong, subobtuse, not quite 4 line Jone, compressed, apper broadly oblong, shortly and obtusely 2-lobed, about 1 line Jong, rounded or fat on the back, scaberulous, mucronate. ° Valves, lower obliquely ovate-oblong in profile, very obtuse, cmarginate, curved-mucronate, ciliate along the side-nerves (except towards the base) and along the keel slightly beyond the middle, brown, with an elliptic-oblong subacute pale ; anthers 4 line lone > upper valve obliquely cuneate in profile, } to 1 line long, glabrous, faintly nerved, with a delicate nerveless pale, and subtending a male flower. Habitat : NATAL. Umpumulo, Buchanan I89 ; Pietermaritzburg, 1000-2000 feet alt., Wood 7234. Drawn from Wood's 7234. Fig 1, Spikelet ; 2, lower glume; 3, upper glume; 4, valve: 5, pale; 6, pistil, stamens and lodicules : 7, 2nd valve: 8, pale: 9, male floret. All enlarged. ELEUSINE, Garth, SPIKELETS 3-6-flowered, laterally compressed, densely imbricate, alternately biseriate, unilateral, sessile on a flattened rhachis, the uppermost terminal, perfect ; rhachila cisarticulating above the glumes and between the valves, or tough, produced sometimes terminating with a rudimentary valve. Florets perfect. GLUMES 2, subequal, persistent, obtuse or obscurely mucronate, membranous, strongly keeled, 3 to S-nerved, the lateral nerves close to the keel, the lower shorter, with the keel crested. Valves very similar, 3-nerved near the base; lateral nerves submareinal above, with 1-2 short additional nerves close to the keel. Pales slightly shorter than the valves, 2-keeled, keels winged. Lodicules 2, minute, cuneate. Stamens 3. Ovary gel: pros ; styles slender from a broadened base, distinct ; stigmas plumose, laterally exserted. — Grain broadly-oblong to globose, broadly grooved ; pericarp loose, delicate, breaking up irregularly or almost circumscissile ;° seed finely striate + embryo suborbicular, basal : hilum punctiform, basal. ANNUAL OR PERENNIAL : leaves long, flat, or folded, flaccid or firm; spikes interrupted spikes or the upper or all in a terminal umbel, straight, suberect, spreading or deflexed ; spikelets glabrous. Species 6, in tropical Africa and Asia; 1 widely spread through the tropics. ELEUSINE INpIcA, Gertn. (Jl. Cap., Vol. VIL, p. 645). Nat. Order Graminee, ANNUAL.—CULMS crect or eeniculate-erect, from a few inches to 2 feet long, slender or stout, compressed, 2-3-noded, glabrous, smooth, upper internodes exserted. LEAVES often numerous, crowded near the base and conspicuously distichous sheaths compressed, pallid, glabrous except 7 the often ciliate margins, striate ; ligules thin. pict pran ous, short, long-fimbriate ; blades linear, long, tapering to an acute point $ to more than 1 foot by Id to 3 lines, flat or folded, sometimes flaccid, glabrous, rarely ‘Spatinely hairy below, smooth. Spikes rather slender, straight, 1 to 7 inches long, sessile, 2 to Tf ina terminal umbel, usually with 1-2 (rarely to 7) additional spikes f to 3 inches below it; rhachis pubescent to villous at the base, otherwise glabrous, smnooth. SpPIKELETS 1$ to 2 lines long, 3 to 6-flowered, disarticulating above the glumes and very tardily or tough between the valves. Cnumes and valves ovate (lanceolate-oblong in profile) acute, the latter about 2 lines lone, Anthers 2 line long. Grain oblong : seed heart-shaped i cross section, , line long, dark fedtish brown, obliquely striate + embryo small, Habitat: Nara. Durban Flat, Buchanan 14: 33: Berea, Wood 5996; from the coast to Umpumulo in neglected gardens, Buen IS}; without precise locality, Gerrard 694 : Cooper 3361.: Mooi River, W. 7. Woods. Drawn from specimens gathered near Durban. Tropics of the Old World : introduced (?) in the New World. A very common grass almost all over the Colony, frequently found near Cattle Kraals, it has a strong root system, and is a nuisance amongst Crops if allowed to attain any size. The roots are said to be used in some countries medicine uly. Native name u-Munyankomo, Fig 1, A spikelet ; 2, lower glume: 3, upper glume; 4, valve; 5, valve in profile; 6, pale ; 7 pistil, stamens and lodicules. All enlarged. ___ PLATE 439. see LOE leg led LL > = roZe> rage AX WAAAY AAYQ % a I | RD Ay * Ny iy YS N YN) au AN Vi 4 f SS . ELEUSINE client wae! SiN Ay Nis COROCANA, oazery fi 4 WS Ss WSN SS AN S = \ ay xs SS XY S Sanz fi E N \ » ~ = 33 to} AS TO —— s rf) — a “4, = PLATE 440. ELEUSINE CORACANA, Geertn. (FI. Cap., Vol. VIL, p. 645). Nat. Order Graminere. Very like 2. fndica but more robust, up to 5 feet Ingh, SPIKELETS more crowded, to as thick as a finger, often curved ; rhachilla tough. Griumes and valves broader, ovate in profile, obtuse. Grain elobose, 3 to 4 line in diameter, usually dark reddish brown, finely striate, strie curved, Habitat: Navan. Ina coffee plantation, near Durban, Drege 4294; William- son 42; Tugela, Buchanan 182 ; without precise locality, Gerrard 469 ; ina kattir earden, Zululand, 2000 feet alt., May, Wood 3869 “Grown in many parts of tropical Afriea, tropical Arabia, and throughout India ; originated probably from Le indica. The figure in Giertner represents the seed as smooth (not striate) ; there is little doubt that it refers to a variety which is erown in India and Southern Arabia, distinguished by smooth, whitish seeds. This I have not seen from any part of Africa” (Stapf yi Cultivated by the natives, who use the seed ground with their Amaas, and as porridge for the children, also for making beer. Baron PF. vy. Mueller says of it : * Southern Asia, east to Japan, ascending the Himalayas to 7000 feet. Though annual, this grass is worthy of cultivation on account of its height and nutritiveness, It is of ra pid : erowth and the produce of foliage and seeds copious. Horses prefer the hay to any other dry fodder in Indi: ay according to Dr. Forbes Watson. The large erains can be used like millet, and a peculiar beer can be brewed from it. One of the staple | erains of Mysore. 1. tdica only differs as a variety. It extends to tropical Australi: a, and is recorded also fron. m: iny other tropical countries, but thrives well even as far as Port Philip, and luxuriates still as far south as Gippsland during the hot season. Native name u-Poko. Fig 1, Lower glume ; 2, upper glume ; 3, valve ; 4, pale : 5, pistil, stamens and lodicules. All enlarged, DACTYLOCTENIUM, Willd. SPIKELETS 3 to 5-flowered, laterally compressed, densely imbricate, biseriate, sessile, unilateral on a fintiened rhachis, the uppermost reduced ; rhachilla tardily disarticu- lating above the glumes, tough between the valves. IF lorets bisexual, the uppermost rudimentary. GLUMES 2, unequal, strongly keeled, the /owe ovate, acute, thin, persistent, the upper elliptic-oblong in profile, obtuse, mucronate or awned, firm, deciduous. Valves ovate, sub-acuminate, 3-nerved, mucronate or awned, deciduous with the grains. Pales about as long as the valves, 2-keeled, subpersistent. Lodicules 2, cuneate, minute, Stamens 3. Ovary glabrous; styles distinct, very long, subter- minally exserted. — Grain subelobose slightly later: lly compressed, not erooved or hollowed, rugose or punctate ; pericarp very delicate, irregularly bre aking away ; embryo searcely equaling } the length of the grain ; hilum basal, punctiform. ANNUAL OR PERENNIAL. Leaves flat, subflaccid. Spikes in umbels of 2 to 6, erect or stellately spreading ; tips of the rhachis barren, mucroniform, usually curved, Species 3, one widely spread through the tropics. PLATE 441. DaAcTYLOcTENIUM 2GypTrIacuM, Willd. (FI. Cap., Vol. VII., p. 646). Nat. Order Graminere. Awnnvat, 1-15 foot high ; stems sometimes prostrate, rooting from the prolifer- ously ee hare Cutms geniculately ascending, compressed, 2-3-noded, glabrous, smooth, inter- nodes exserted : sheaths striate, the lower Rete keeled above, glabrous, or scantily hispid ; ligules Gnenibr: anous, very short, scantily ciliolate ; bk: ‘cs linear, tapering to a fine point, 1 to 5 inches by 1 to 2 lines, fl: at, subfaceid, glaucous, elabrous or hispid or hispidly ciliate, hairs tubercle-based. Spikes 2 to 6, rarely solitary, $ to 2 inches long, light or dark olive-erey ; rhachis keeled, scabrid. SPIKELETS 3. to 5 Aomrered, spreading at right angles, up to 1} line lone, olabrous. 2 GiuMes, ower about 4 line long, the wpper cuspid: aie! mucronate or awned ; awn curved, sometimes exceeding the glume. Valves 1+ to line lone, mucronate or awned ; anthers about 5 to 3 line long ; grain $ to } line a very rugose, reddish, Widely spread through tropical and subtropical regions. Habitat: Natau. Near Durban, W7//iamson 38: Plant 85: Durban Flats, Buchanan 36: Berea, Wood 5929 ; Gerard and MeRKen 111: Zululand, 2000 feet alt... Jenkinson 7. This is the erass so much used for lawns in the Colony. Tt will sueceed under light shade, and in the coast districts keeps green all the winter, and is liked by stock, Native name, is-Inane. In “ Useful Plants of the Island of Guam,” published by the United States National Herbarium, it is stated that this grass is * edible, but coarse and not much relished by horses.” Fig 1, A spikelet ; 2, lower glume ; 3, upper glume; 4, valve; 5, pale; 6, pistil, stamens and Jodicules : 7, portion of leaf, highly magnified, showing tuberele-based hairs. A// enlarged, PLATE 441. ys = | ae fh AS wa —— a e/a ‘ 2 - 7 . - ’ s _PLATE 442. LEPTOCARYDION VULPIASTRUM. STAPF. LevrocArybion, Hochst. ex Benth SPIKELEtS 4 to $-flowered, laterally compressed, sessile or subsessile, secund, biseriate, close, on a very slender rhachis; rhachilla disarticulating above the glumes and between the valves. Florets bisexual, the uppermost reduced. GLUMES subequal, lanceolate, acuminate, I-nerved, keeled. Valves oblong, truncate, minutely 4-toothed (teeth hyaline), thin, 38-nerved, margins inflexed, nerves ciliate, the middle nerve excurrent into a fine bristle, the side-nerves not excurrent ; callus slender, acute bearded. Pales linear-obloug, slightly shorter than the valves, 2-keeled. Lodicules 2, cuneate, delicate Stamens 3; anthers minute. Ovary glabrous ; styles distinct, slender ; stigmas laterally exserted, very slender, plumose. Grain eat: obtusely triquetrous, tightly embraced by the scarcely changed valve and pale, free ; embryo less than $ the Jength of the grain : hilum basal, punctiform. Species 3, in Africa. Allied to Triraphis, but differing in the non-excurrent side-nerves and the sessile unilateral spike lets. ANNUAL —CuLMs tufted, many-noded; blades linear to oblong-lanceolate, ligule hyaline, very short or obscure. Panicle spike-like, dense ; branches erect, simple or with adpressed eee PLATE 442, LEPTOCARYDION VuLPiastruM, Stapf. (Fl. Cap., Vol. VIL, p. 648). Nat. Order Graminev. CULMS erect or ascending, 2 to 4 feet long, simple or sometimes branched (branches intravaginal), many-noded, internodes shortly exserted, glabrous, emogtin sheaths tight, vlabrous, smooth or somewhat rough, striate ; ligule up to 4 line long, truneate, ciliolate, soon evanescent ; blades lanceolate. oblong from a ea abruptly constricted base, acute, 1 to 3 inches, by 3 to € 5 lines, flat or involute, smooth or finely scaberulous below, glaucescent, finely anyerckael primary nerves about 7 on each side. PANICLE spike-like, 2 to 8 inches by $ to $ inch, pallid or faintly purplish, very dense ; branches up to 1 inch long, branched from the villous base ; branchlets 5 to L-spiculate, up to 3 lines long. SPIKELEtS crowded, adpressed, 5 to 9-flowered, up to 3 lines long; rhachilla very slender. GuuMEs reddish, subhyaline, the /ovwer lanceolate, acuminate, mucronate, about t line long; the wpper linear-oblong, about 12. line long. Valves 14 line long, pubescent helo the middle, long and finely cihate along the aes nerves. Anthers 5 line long, ovate; grain linear, ‘obtusely triquetrous, less than } line by less than =>? 1 + line. Also in tropical East Africa as far north as Usambara. Habitat: Navrau. Banks of Tugela and its tributaries, G00 to 1000 feet alt., Buchanan 187. Fig 1, Lower glume; 2, upper glume; 3, valve: 4, pale ; 5, pistil, stamens and lodicules, All enlarged. CROSSOTROPIS, Stapf. SPIKELETS laterally SOE subsessile, more or less distinctly 2-ranked on the rigid simple branches of a panicle ; rhachilla slender, disarticulating above the glumes and between the secs Florets, 3 to 9, perfect or the uppermost more or less reduced, equalling the glumes or slightly exserted, or overtopped by the awn-like tips of the glumes. GLUMES subequal or equal, narrow, membranous, strongly 1-nerved, keeled, persistent. Valves somewhat distant, linear-oblong in profile, shortly 2-lobed, mucro- nate or shortly awned from the sinus, membranous, 3-nerved, side-nerves sub- Inarginal, subpere urrent. ngidly ciate, margins inflexed ; callus small, hairy. — Pales narrow, 2-keeled, slightly Flee ter than the valves, Lodicules 2. cuneate, small. Stamens 3. Ovary glabrous. Styles distinct, very slender ; stigmas plumose, laterally exserted. Grain oblong, strongly compressed from the back, concave or flat, enclosed by the slightly alte red valve and pale ; embryo about § the length of the grain : hilum basal, punctiform, ANNUAL OR PERENNIAL; blades usually flat: ligules hyaline; panicle contracted and narrow, or open with the branches spreading at right angles ; spikelets rather close to very distant, the uppermost terminal, Species | 5, in Africa and Arabia. PLATE 448. CROSSOTROPIS GRANDIGLUMIS, Rendle. (FI. Cap., Vol. VII., p. 649%. Nat. Order Gramine. PERENNIAL.—CULMs tufted, erect or geniculate, 3 to 13 foot long, glabrous, smooth, terete or shehtly compressed, 2-8- noded, upper inte enolles finally exserted. LEAVES Erowid near the base ; sheaths glabrous, or very rarely with scattered fine long spreading hairs, rather firm, striate, the upper scabrid, the lower smooth ; ligules truncate, up to # line long ; blades linear, shortly tapering to an acute (often subpungent) point, | to 24 inches, by 1$ to 24 lines, flat or subulately convolute, elabrous, scabrid all over PANICLE 4 to 6 inehest by 4 to 9 lines when ripe, straight ; rhachis angular, scabrid or hispidulous ; branches simple, singly or 2-3 close together, straight, 2 to 4 inches long, at first erect, at length spreading at right angles, “hispidulous, villous at the base. SPIKELETS 5 to 5-Howered, distant by more than their own length, adpressed, shortly pedicelled, 384 to 5 lines long ; rhachilla minutely pes GruMmeEs lanceolate, subulate-acuminate, ceaberulous, | 34 to 5 lines long. Valves oblong, shortly bilobed, mucronate, up to 2 lines long, side-nerves rigidly ciliate. Pales truncate, finely pubescent on the back, keels s abrid. — Anthers up to 4 line long. Grain narrowly oblong, flat, over 1 line long. Habitat: Navan. Sandy valley near Tugela, 1000 feet alt., Buchanan 279 This grass was formerly known as Lasiochloa gqrandiglumis, and it would seem to be more common in the uplands than in the coast districts, we have not met with it. The only specimen in the Herbarium is Buchanan’s 279, and is a very poor one, but the Director of the Royal Gardens and Herbarium at Kew very kindly lent usa better one of Buchanan's same gathering for the purpose of completing the drawing. Fig 1, Lower glume ; 2, upper glume : 3, valve ; 4, pale ; 5, pistil, stamens and lodicules. All enlarged. PLATE 443 _ RENDLE PoTAMOPHILA, R. Br. SPIKELETS laterally slightly compressed, on short or rather long pedicels, panicled ; rhachilla jointed above the rudimentary basal glumes. Plorets 3: lower 2 reduced to minute empty valves, uppermost hermaphrodite or unisexual ae the orgaus of the other sex reduced. GLUMES reduced to very minute rounded or truncate scales, or to an obscure, entire or bilobed hyaline rim. Empty valves very small, hyaline, nerveless, subulate or elliptic ‘and rounded or lobed: fertile valve membranous, 5- nerved, awnless, nerves raised, sometimes slightly winged. Pale 3-nerved ; otherwise similar to the fertile valve. Lodicules 2, finely nerved. Stamens 6. Styles distinct ; stigmas feathery. Grain obovate, compressed, crowned by the thickened bases of the sty les, enclosed by the unaltered glume and pale, free. Rather tall aquatic grasses, blades flat ; ligules membranous ; panicle effuse or contracted. Species 3, | in South Africa, 1 in Madagascar, and 1 in New South Wales. PLATE 444. PoTAMOPHILA PREHENSILIS, Benth. (Fl Cap., Vol. VIL, p. 659). Nat. Order Gramine. STEMS several feet high, branched, many-noded, slightly compressed or terete, glabrous, smooth ; internodes up to 4 inches long; branches spreading at a right angle or almost so; leaf-sheaths rather tight, aHorter than or as long as the inter- nodes, slightly compressed and more or less keeled, strongly striate, scabrid in the uppermost part of the keel, hairy near the mouth or glabrous, except the sometimes minutely villous nodes ; ligule membranous, oblong or truncate, $ to 1 line long, pubescent ; blades linear-lanceolate from a very short contracted base, acute, 3. to 5 inches by 3 to 6 lines, flat, flaccid, glaucous, sparingly hairy and minutely seabrid on both sides, margins and midrib very rough from minute reversed spines ; primary nerves 3 to 4 on each side. PANICLE terminal, 4 to 6 inches long, open, very lax, rigid ; branches spreading, fine, up to 4 inches long, the lowest usually paired, s sparingly branched, compressed and angular, scaberulous or smooth below, branchlets 2-8-spiculate ; pedicels 1 to 7 lines long. SPIKELETS lanceolate-oblong, acute, 3 to 4 lines long, slightly twisted, pallid. (GLUMES meme minute truncate hyaline scales. Valves, empty one subulate, 4 to + line long, nerveless ; fertile valve tightly clasping the similar pale with the inflexed margins, nerves raised, slightly winged, seaberulous. Lodicules ovate ; anthers 3 lines long ; styles $ line long ; stigma exserted near the base of the valve, 1 to 14 line long. Grain unknown. Habitat: Nata. Near the mouth of the Umzimkulu River, in copses and woods, Drege; Umbilo waterfall, Reimann 8156 ; Umpumulo, to 2000 feet, common in bush, Buchanan 288; Inanda, Wood 1305 Drawn from Buchanan’s 288. Fig 1, A glume; 2 and 3, empty valves; 4, fertile valve; 5, pale; 6, pistil, stamens and lodicules. All enlarged, LEERSIA, Sw. SPIKELETS laterally compressed, very shortly pedicelled, panicled ; rhachilla jomted above the rudimentar y glumes. Floret 1, her maphrodite. GLUMES reduced to an obscure hyatine entire or 2-lobed rim. Valve 5-nerved, subeartilaginous, awnless, keels and mar gins rigidly eile: Pale narrow, 3-nerved, subcartilaginous except at the hyaline margins, ¢ grooved along the outer nerves and tightly clasped by the inflexed margins of the valve, keel rigidly ciliate. Nodreules2 2, fleshy, finely nerved, Stamens G3. or J Styles distinet ; stigmas feathery. Grain ovate or oblong, compressed, embraced by the valve and the ‘pale, free : embr yo short. PERENNIAL; leaves narrow ; panicle usually flaccid with very slender branches. Species 5-7, mostly in the tropics and the subtropical regions of both hemi- spheres. PLATE 445. LEERSIA HEXANDRA Sw. (FI. Cap., Vol. VII. p. 659). Nat. Order Graminew PERENNIAL, rhizome creeping, stoloniferous ; innovation buds ovoid, subacute, scales smooth, striate. Stems erect from a prostrate or ascending base, rooting from the lower nodes, 2 to 4 feet high, simple or very sparingty br cia usually slender and weak, many-noded, smooth, firmly striate ; uppermost internode longest (up to $ foot, rarely to 1 foot long); sheaths rather tight or the lower loose and ultimately spreading, terete, usually shorter than the internodes, the uppermost longest, reaching to or almost to the panicle, glabrous, slightly scabrid or smooth, except the villous nodes ; ligule short, obliquely truncate or bilobed, firmly membranous ; blades narrowly linear, tapering to a fine point, 3 to 6 inches, by 14 to 4 lines, elaucous, usually subrigid, very slightly scabrid. PANICLE 2 to 4 inches long, erect or more or less flaccid and nodding, narrow ; branches suberect, simple, up to 13 inch long, filiform, flexuous, angular, shehtly seabrid or smooth. SPIKELETS often closely imbricate, subsecund and laterally concavo-convex, obliquely oblong, 1} to 2 lines long, sometimes purplish ; sides of valve, seabrid or smooth. Stamens 6: ; anthers | to 14 line long. Habitat: Narau. Durban Flats, Buchanan 22,75, 96; Berea, 100 feet alt., Wood 5944; Umlazi River, Arauss 9; by the Tugela River, 600 feet alt., and at Umpumulo, 2000 feet alt.. Buchanan 28b; Gerrard and MchKen 25. Widely spread through the tropical and subtropical regions. Fig 1, Valve; 2, pale; 3, pistil, stamens and lodicules, A// enlarged, PLATE 445, *LEERSIA HEXANDRA, sw i U/ EHRHARTA ERECTA. 24 ar: Ni is, Stapf Var: Natalensis, Stapf. . Euriarra, Thunb. SPIKELETS laterally compressed, panicled or racemed, sometimes s¢ itary, pedicelled ; a achilla disarticulatinge below the valves, more or less obscurely produc ‘ed. Florets : lower 2 reduced to empty valves, uppermost hermaphrodite. GLUMES persistent, membranous. Valves 5, heteromorphous ; the ower 2 empty, usually exceeding the glumes, more or less cartilaginous, often bearded, and the upper with a callous appendage at the base, awnless or awned ; the uppermost fertile, smaller, thinner, awnless, sometimes with a knob-like appendage at the base forming a hinge with the appendage of the upper empty valve. Pale narrow, keeled, finely 2 -nerved, nerves very close, Lodicules 2. Stamens 6 or 3, very rarely 1. Styles dis- tinct, short ; stigm: is plumose or brush-like, exserted above the base. Grain elliptic, much compressed. ; hilum a fine line almost as long as the grain ; embryo about § of the grain. Race OR ANNUALS of very vi aried habit, sometimes bulbous at the bane or suffretescent : blades flat or convolute, sometimes much reduced or suppressed ; ligules membranous, usually short or reduced to a narrow rim; panicle or racemes sometimes very scanty or even reduced to solitary spike lets, Species 25 in South Africa, one of them also in a shiehtly different form in East Africa, tropical Arabia, the Mascarene Islands, and India (here probably introduced ). PLATE 446. EARHARTA ERECTA, Lam., var. natalensis, Stapf (FI. Cap., Vol. VIL, p. 671). Nat. Order Graminez. PERENNIAL.—CtuLms tufted, geniculate-ascending from a procumbent often copiously branched base, slender, weak or wiry below, up to 2 feet long, glabrous, very rarely reversedly pubescent below the nodes, smooth, 5 to 6-noded, sher ths tight, the lowest ultimately slipping from the culm, glabrous, rarely finely hairy, emootke ligules obtuse or truncate, up to 3 lines lone: ; blades linear from a clasping often fimbriate base, gradually tapering, 2 to 6 inc shes by 14 to 5 lines, flat, flaccid, glabrous, rarely hairy, smooth or subscaberulous, im: eins Bite wavy, scabrid or ciliate. "PANICLE erect or nodding, narrow, 2 to 8 inches lone, loose, sometimes reduced to a raceme ; branches distant, the lowest 2-3-nate, very imequal, the longest up to 1 to 3 inches, erect or spreading, simple or sparingly branched, filiform to almost capil- lary, Hexuous, glabrous or scaberulous above ; pedicels capillary, scaberulous to puber- tous, up to + lines or more long. SPIKELETS light oreen, oblong, ie q to 2 ? lines, Very Ue arely 23 GLUMES ovate, obtuse or apic ‘ulate, 5-nerved, the lowest 2 to | line, the wpper 14 line long; empty valves oblong, obtuse or truncate, smooth and shiny or scaberulous, trans- versely rugose, faintly 5-nerved, the /oier | + to 14 line, the upper longer by § to ¢, with a par ‘of obsc ‘ure beardless ridges at the base ; fe rtile valve oblong, obtuse to subacute, 17 to 14 lines long, glabrous, smooth, obscure ‘ly 5 to f-nerved ; lodicules usually elebrone trun 6; anthers } to 2 line long ; stigmas brush-like ; grain 1 line long. Var, natalensis (Stapf). Cunms usually reversedly pubescent below the nodes ; sheaths and blades pubescent ; branches of the panicle ‘and the pedicels often densely and minutely pubescent. Spikelets 2 to 24 lines long; empty valves scabrid and prtberulous ; fertile valve obscurely bearded at the base. Stamens 3 (always ?). Habitat: Navan. Clairmont, 50° feet alt.. Wood 7260; Drakensberg, near Neweastle, Buchanan 177; Umsinga and base of Bigearsbere, Buchanan 94; Riet Vlei, Buchanan 287. Ina slightly different form also in tropical East Africa as far as Abyssinia, and (probably introduced) i in tropical Arabia, the Mascarene Islands, and India. In our specimens the glumes are 7-9-nerved, as shown in plate, not 5-nerved as stated, and there are always 4 stamens. lines lone. — eee g, Fig 1, Lower glume ; 2, upper glume; 3, Ist valve ; 4, 2nd valve in profile; 5, fertile valve ; 6, pale: 7, pistil, stamens and lodicules. All enlarged. PLATE 447. EHRHARTA CALYCINA, Sm. (FI. Cap., Vol. VIL, p. 674). Nat. Order Graminere. PERENNIAL, tufted, rarely stoloniferous —CuLMs usually geniculate, slender, simple or scantily branched, L to 2 feet long, smooth, glabrous, very rarely minutely villous below, 4 to 6- neeedl: sheaths glabrous, rarely reversedly pubescent, rather tight ; ligules very short, truncate, denticulate ciliate; blades linear from a clasping often denticulate and ciliate base, long and gradually tapering or shortly acute, rarely subobtuse, 1 to 4 inches, by ih, tO: 3 ‘lines, flaccid or rigid, flat or involute to setaceous, glaucous, scaberulous, glabrous or hairy, margins ‘sometimes wavy. seabrid. PANICLE very narrow, nodding, 3 to 9 inches long, subsecund, rhachis flexuous, smooth ; branches. in (uetant semiwhorls, very unequal, the longest rarely more than 1 inch long, simple or scantily branched, s spreading or erect, subeapillary, flexuous, smooth. SPIKELETS pallid, rarely purplish, oblong, 23 to 3 lines long. GLUMES subequal, narrow-oblong, acute or subobtuse, 7-nerved. — Valves, empty ones unequal, loosely villous, lower ver y narrow, linear-oblong, acute, as long as the Jower glume or shorter, sub-5-ner ved, : shortly bearded at the base in front, the upper oblong, obtuse, mucronate (mucro up to 2 line long), as long as the upper glume or longer, 5-nerved, with 2 large semi-lunar appendages at the base, beardless ; fertile valve oblong, obtuse, slightly shorter than the upper empty valve, glabrous or scantily hairy, obscurely 5 to 7-nerved ; lodicules glabrous. Stamens 6, anthers 14 line long; stigmas brush-like ; grain 14 line long. Habitat: Navrau. Sand dunes near the mouth of the Umlazi River, A7azss 414; Clairmont, 50 feet alt., Wood 7261 “A very polymorphic species, of which Nees distinguishes 6 varieties and several sub- varieties : but the characters used by him are so uncertain that I find it useless to retain fue subdivisions.’ Fig 1, Lower glume; 2, upper glume: 3, Ist valve: 4, 2nd valve in profile ; 5, fertile valve ; 6, pale; 7, pistil, stamens and lodicules. All enlarged. ___ PLATE 447. EHRHARTA CALYCINA o PLATE 448, | ~ PHALARIS MINOR. 2272 Puauaris, Linn. SPIKELETS laterally compressed, in contracted more or less spike-like panicles ; rhachilla disarticulating above the glumes, uot or obscurely produced beyond the terminal floret. Florets 3, the Tome er 2 minute, rudimenta ‘y, the uppermost hermaphrodite, enclosed by the glumes. GLUMES subequal, boat-shaped, keeled, keel often winged. Empty valves very small, subulate to lanceolate, membranous, with a callous base, or 1 or both reduced to a minute callous scale; fertile valve thin, ultimately rigid, 5-nerved, awnless, ovate, acute. Pale almost as long as the valve, 2-nerved (sometimes obscurely). Lodicules 2, hyaline. Stamens 3. Styles long, distinct ; stigmas plumose, exserted from the top of the spikelet. Grain much compressed, Cote free, enclosed by the valve and pale ; hilum oblong, short, embryo equalling } the Jength of the grain. ANNUALS OR PERENNIALS; leaves flat; panicle terminal, stiff, spike-like, subcapitate or interrupted aud lobed ; pedicels very short. Species 10, mainly natives of the Mediterranean region, but widely dispersed as weeds ; 1 species in the boreal region and in South Afiriea, and another from California to Chile. PLATE 448. PHALARIS MINOR, Retz. (Fl. Cap., Vol. VIL, p. 682). Nat. Order Graminece. ANNUAL.—-CULMS tufted, erect or ascending, geniculate, | to 3 feet long, glabrous, finely striate, 4 to 7-noded ; internodes gradually longer from the base, up to 5 inches long; sheaths shorter than the internodes, the lower tight, the upperermost more or less inflated, striate ; ligule scarious, white, obtuse, 1 to.3 hnes long ; blades linear, gradually tapering, 2 to 6 inches by 14 to 3 lines, flaccid, glabrous, smooth or almost so, margins slightly rough. PaANicLE spike-like, from = subglobose to cylindric, up to 24 inches long, compact ; rhachis and branches glabrous SPIKELETS obliquely elliptic, 2 to 25 les long. (GLUMES ee 3-nerved, acute, glabrous, white, nerves green, keel serrulate, suddenly contracted below the apex ; lower empty valve a minute callous scale ; upper somewhat subulate, firmly membranous, hairy, with a callous base, up to 4 line long; fertile valve scantily oe pale cilate on the back, obscurely 2-nerv ad or almost nerve less; anthers } to 2 line long; grain % line long. Habitat: Nata. Exact elit unknown, Gerrard and MekKen, in Natal Government Herbarium, 8915. Baron F. v. Mueller says of this grass: “ P. Minor is recommended by Dr. Curl tor permanent pastures, as it supplies a large quantity of fine, sweet, fattening fohlage, relished by stock. It keeps green fi, into the winter in the climate of New Zealand. Fig 1, Spikelet; 2, glume; 3, upper rudimentary valve; 4, fertile valve ; 5, pale ; 6, pistil, stamens and lodicules. Al/ enlarged. PLATE 449. PHALARIS ARUNDINACEA, Linn. (FI. Cap., Vol. VIL, p. 683). Nat. Order Graminew. PrerenniaL.—Ruizome short, premorse, stoloniferous ; stolons with firm, scarious, sheathing scales. CubMs erect from a creeping or ascending base, 2 to 4 feet lone, rooting at the lower nodes, simple or very sparingly bri mehed. firm, glabrous, finely striate, 5 to 7 or more noded, internodes gradually longer from the base, up to | foot long ; sheaths glabrous, smooth, finely striate, lower tight, longer than the internodes, wpper looser, Gagner. ; ligule scarious, white, obtuse, fe to 3 lines long; blades linear to linear- lanceolate, ‘Jong tapering, 4 to 1 foot, by 8 to 8 lines, rigid, glaucous, glabrous, sincoth, many nerved, tole PANICLE erect, sometimes nodding, contracted, lobed or spike-like, up to 8 inches long ; branches very short, adpressed to the rhachis, or longer (to 13 inch) and more or less spreading, copiously and densely branched, glabrous, smooth or scabric. SPIKELETS ovate-lanceolate, 25 to 5 lines lone. G@LUMES sub- -equal, whitish-green or purplish acute, 3-nerved, keel not or very obscurely winged, minutely serrulate, nerves raised. Kmpty valves sub- “equal, lanceolate to subalate. obscurely Pee or nerveless, hairy with a callous base, 4 line long. Fertile valve scantily silky, 14 ine long. Pale ciliate on the back. — Lodicules obliquely ovate-lanceolate. iors 1 line long. Habitat : Nata. By the Mooi River, 4000 feet altitude, Mood 4097: Van Reenen’s Pass, Wood 7215, partly. Also in Europe. Drawn from Wood's 7215. This grass is said to be indigenous in Norway, and Baron F. vy. Mueller says of it :—'* Not without some importance asa reedy grass of bulky vield on wet me: adows or in swampy places. A variety with white- tee leaves is a favourite as a ribbon plant for garden plots. * P. canariensis, the * Canary grass,” belongs to this genus. Fig 1, Spikelet ; 2, glume; 3, rudimentary valve ; 4, fertile valve: 5 pale; 6, pistil, stamens and lodicules. All enlarged. PLATE 449 PHALARIS ARUDINACEA. zw. Be "=. ae —— WES Ss Y= Da 4 Ns Y Yin y LZ, iy Bie fi Merica, Linn. SPIKELETS in spike or raceme-like or open panicles, laterally or dorsally com- pressed, or subterete, Jointed (sometimes imperfectly) on their pedicels « or continuous with them ; rhachilla tardily disarticulating above the glumes, readily between the fertile valves, lower 1 or 2 (1: arely 3) florets hermaphrodite, the f following 2-3 barren, small, embracing each other and forming a clavate or oblong body. (FLUMES 2, membranous, hy: ine or scarious obtuse or acute, 3 to 3d-nerved, or the upper 7-nerved. Fertile valves firmly membranous except at the hyaline margins and tips, awnless, 7 to 9-nerved, nerves evanescent below the tips: callus minute, obtuse. Pales shorter than the valves, 2-keeled. Lodicules 2, small, truncate, quite connate. Stamens 8. Ovary glabrous; styles distinet, short; stigmas laterally exsertec, finely plumose. Grain enclosed by the more or less hardened (chartaceous ) valve and the pale, free, oblong, semiterete to subterete ; hilum a fine line as lone as the grain ; embryo small. Perenntan ; blades flat or convolute ; ligules hyaline. — Panicles open, spike- like or almost reduced to a raceme, many to few -spic ‘ulate, often secund. Spikelets more or less scarious, often vividly coloured, nodding on capillary pedicels, the tips of which are usually strongly ine ‘urved. About 40 species, m: ainly in the northern temperate zone, a few in the temperate regions of the southern he smisphere. PLATE 450. Merica RacrMosa, Thunb. (FL. Cap., Vol. VIL, p. 685.) Nat. Order Graminex. CuLMS ascending froma sua long very slender wiry sometimes procumbent base, simple or branched below, 2 to 3 feet lone, glabrous, smooth or scabrid below the panicle, many-noded, inter nodes (except the uppermost) mostly enclosed. \e EAVES ol: tbrous. scabrid. Ye ather crowded aboy lw the base. the lowest hore or less reduced ; sheaths tight, striate ; ligules up to 1 line long ; blades linear, tapering to a fine point, 3 to 6 inches long, $ to 1g line wide when expanded, usually convolute, subelaucous. PANICLE very narrow, 3 to 9 inches lone, erect or nodding, more or less secund ; branches mostly solitary, distant, erect or suberect, branched or more often simple, filiform c: apill iy, Hexuous, often much shorter than the internodes : pedicels $ to 14 line long, tips thickened, pubescent, SPIKELETS pallid, rarely slightly purplish, 3 to 5 lines long, fertile Howers 2. GLUMES unequal or subequal, 5-nerved, the lower hy: line, ovate acute, 3 to 3 3d Ines long, the wpper ovlong) firmer, acuminate, nerves rather close and prominent, shehtly scabrid, 84 to lines lone. Valves shehtly exceeding or equalling the olumes, the fertile es eae or minutely truncate or em: einate, 7 to 9-nerved, nerves rather prominent, scabrid, sides only hairy : hairs 2 lines lone : body of barren valves clavate, glabrous, scaberulous. — Anthers line lone. Grain L to 14 dine lone, semiterete, Habitat: Narau. Berea, near Durban, by the roadside, Mood 3926 ; Merebank, near Durban, Wood 7258 ; Vernon, Buchanan 155: Weenen County. 4000 feet alt., Wood 39090. , Very like the Mediterranean J/. c///ata, but differing in the rough leaves, the less acuminate upper glume and the more obtuse valves. Fig 1, Spikelet ; 2, lower glume; 3, upper glume; 4, valve; 5, pale; 6, pistil, stamens and lodicules. All enlarged. iv 9 % ae a ee _ = BOITED BY % 2. (oi MEDLEY WOOD, 4.L.S, DIRECTOR OF NATAL BOTANIC GARDENS, DURBAN, — / Title Page. Preface, and Index will be published with the concluding part of the Volume. ; _. Rosinson & Co., Lirp., PRINTERS, MERCURY LANE, DURBAN. NATAL PLANTS. CS RASSES. » . . EDITED BY J. MEDLEY WOOD, A.L.S., Dike Crore OF NATAL BOTANIC GARDENS, DURBAN. —— AND’ OF ——=— NACCATL GOV EL IFRNMENT ELH RBARIUNIL. Title Page. Preface, and Index will be published with the concluding part of the Volume. MARCH, 1906. ROBINSON & Co., Lrp., PRIN’TERS, MERCURY LANE, DURBAN, 1906, Finceruutaia, Nees ex Lehin. SPIKELETS strongly laterally compressed, in compact spike-like panicles, jointed on and deciduous from the pedicels ; rhachilla tough. Florets 1, hermaphrodite, or if more then the uppermost male or rudimentary. GLUMEs 2 subequal, narrow, thin, complicate, 1-nerved, keeled, shortly awned or mucronate. Valves oblong to lanceol: ate, mucronate, rather firm, 7-5- (rarely 3) nerved, the upper smaller. Pales shghtly shorter than the valves, ovate-oblong, 2-keeled, flaps broad. Lodicules 2, cuneate. Stamens 3. Ovary glabrous, slightly constricted below the apex (at least after fecundation) ; styles distinct, rather long ; stigmas very slender, finely plumose, subterminally exserted. Grain unknown. PERENNIAL, ciespitose ; innovation shoots intravaginal; blades narrowly linear ; ligule a dense line of silky hairs. PANICLE compact, spike-like ; the lowest spikelets barren, consisting of a few o empty glumes. Species 2 in South Africa; 1 of which is also found on the Afghan-Indian frontier. PLATE 451. FINGERHUTHIA SESLERLEFORMIS, Nees. (FI. Cap., Vol. VII, p. 692). Nat. Order Graminez. Cums very densely tufted ona short oblique rhizome, glabrous, rather robust, 1 to 2 feet long, erect, smooth, 2-noded, imternodes long exserted ; sheaths tight, smooth, the lower short, very firm, ee blades linear, tapering to a subsetaceous point, 4 to 8 inches long, 14 to 24 lines wide when expanded, convolute, rarely flat, rigid, glaucous, smooth below, finel scaberulous above, margins rough. » TIgIa, g PANICLE ellipsoid to eylindric, $ to 2} inches, by 5 to 6 lines, sometimes purplish. SPIKELETS 2 to 4-flowered, 24 to 3 lines long. GLuMEs lanceolate in profile, mucronate-acuminate, 17 to 2 lines long, rigidly ciholate along the keel. Valves oblong-lanceolate in profile, mucronate- acuminate, or the upper “emucronate, about 2 lines long, rather firm Say at the narrow hyaline margins, glabrous or scantily and minutely hairy below towards the margins, 5-3- nerved, side nerves rather close, more or less prominent (or the inner evanescent below the middle or quite suppressed), joining the middle nerve below the tip. Lodicules umes cuneate, } line long. Anthers 1} le long ; styles 4 line long ; stigmas } line long. Habitat: Navat. Weenen County, South Downs, 4000 feet alt., December, Wood 4405. sae Spikelet ; 2, lower glume; 3, upper glume; 4, valve in profile; 5, valve, back view ; 6, pale ; ; 7, pistil, stamens, and lodicules. All enlarged. Stipurus, Stapf. (Triphlebia, Stapf) SPIKELETS laterally compressed, subsessile or shortly pedicelled, in spike-lke cylindric panicles; rhachilla disarticulating above the glumes and. between the valves. Florets 4-5, hermaphrodite, the e uppermost reduced, shortly exserted from the glumes. GLUMES equal or subequal, membranous, lanceolate, caudate-acuminate, l-nerved. Valves very similar to the glumes, but 3-nerved ; callus very minute. Pales shorter than the valves, 2 Bisel Lodicules 2, minute, hyaline, cuneate. Stamens 3. Ovary glabrous; styles short, distinct ; stigmas plumose, laterally exserted. Grain enclosed by the hardly changed valve and pale, free, oblong, terete ; embryo short ; hilum, basal, punctiform. PrERENNIAL, tufted ; blades very narrow, usually subsetaceous, long; ligule a ciliate rim. PANIcLE cylindric, dense, usually dark purple, greyish-villous. Species 1, in extra-tropical South Africa and in tropical Transvaal. PLATE 452. STIBURUS ALOPECUROIDES, Stapf. (FI Cap., Vol. VIL, p 697). Nat. Order Graminere. glabrous, simple, or Densely cespitose.—CuLms erect, 4+ to 14 foot long, branched at the base. Leaves all basal, with scattered fine spreading hairs all over to glabrous ; sheaths crowded, rather firm, pallid, smooth, persistent ; blades usually setaceous or filiform, very acute, 3 to more than 12 inches long, sometimes flat and then up to 1 line hacrdl ener rigid PANICLE } to 3 inches by 8 to 34 lines, sometimes interrupted at the base ; branches solitary, adpressed to the rhachis : lowest + toalmost 1 inch long, divided from the base or nearly so, smooth ; pedicels unequal, mostly very short. SPIKELETS about 2 lines long, densely crowded, usually dark purple. oa? GLUMES, valves and pales equally villous from fine greyish hairs. Glumes about 1} line long, tips firm, subul: ate. Valves very slightly shorter, often mucronulate. Anthers 2 Tine long. Grain £ to 1 line long, reddish brown. Habitat: Navan. Near De Beer’s Pass, Wood 5993 ; Noodsberg, Wood 884 ; Karkloof, Rehman 7361; Umpumulo to Riet Vlei, Buchanan 166, 167; and without precise locality, Buchanan 32; Gerrard 474, This is the grass which was formerly known in Natal as A@leria Gerrardii, Munro, but which has now been transferred to the genus Steburus, of which it ie the only known representative. It is widely distributed in the Colony, but is not so far as known to us of much, if any, agricultural value. Fig 1, Spikelet ; 2, glume; 3, valve; 4, pale; 5, pistil, stamens, and lodicules, Ad/ enlarged. PLATE 4852 Be ae EE eee SSeS a f = Ss —=S = = aS STIBURUS ALOPECUROIDES ster PLATE 458. POA TRIVIALIS aw Poa, Linn. SPIKELETS mostly 2 to 6-flowered, in loose or close (rarely in spike-like) panicles; rhachilla disarticulating above the glumes and ene ae valves, glabrous or scantily and minutely hairy. Flowers hermaphrodite or the upper unperfect. GLUMES thin, membranous, keeled, acute or obtuse, | to 3-nerved. Valves membranous, sometimes rather firm, obtuse or acute, 5 to 7-nerved ; callus small, obtuse, often with a tuft of long wool. Pales shorter than the valves, 2-keeled. Lodicules 2, more or less 2 lobed. Stamens. 3. Ovary glabrous. Styles short, free, stigmas plumose, laterally exserted. Grain ovoid, oblong or linear, often evooved, “free or adherent to the pale ; hilum punetiform, basal ; Sar vo Salle ao ANNUAL OR PERENNIAL: blades flat and flaccid or convolute and more or less rigid ; ligules hyaline. Panicles open, often effuse, rarely contracted, spike-like. Spikelets rather small, awnless. Numerous species in the temperate regions, particularly of the northern hemisphere, few in the tropics. PLATE 458. Poa trivratis, Linn. (FI. Cap., Vol. VII, p. 714). Nat. Order Graminece: PERENNIAL, loosely tufted, glabrous.—Cubms geniculately ascending, usually from a short arched rooting base, |} to 2 feet long, terete or subeompr eccen below, seabrid above, rarely smooth all along, about 3 Bede internodes exserted ; aheathe somewhat loose, striate, smooth or rough, the lower thin ; ligules ovate-oblong, 2 to 5 lines long ; blades linear, acute, 2 to 5 inches by 1 to. 3 Fae usually flat and Haceid, scaberulous. PanicLe oblong to ovate or pyramidal when open, erect or slightly nodding, 3 to 7 inches long ache usually smooth below; branches in distant semiwhouk of 4 to 6 (mostly of 5), unequal, filiform, seaber anoue the longest up to 8 inches long and undivided often for more than half their length, distantly or closely branched, ultimate branchlets closely 6 to 2-spiculate ; jeter al pedicels. very short. SPIKELETS green or purplish, ovate to oblong, acute, 5 to 2 lines long, 8 to 4-flowered. GLUMES subequal, rather firm, /ower narrow, oblong, acute, 1b to 14 Ine long, I-nerved, keel scaberulous, wpper glume ovate and acuminate, 1} line long, 3-nerved ; side-nerves prominent, lee! very seabrid. Valves oblong, acute, rather firm, Louiey 1} line long, pubescent along the keel to the middle, Siew ise glabrous, side-nerves Peer prominent ; callus ath a small tuft of very long wool: Pales 14+ line long, 2-toothed, keels finely and very densely seabrid. Anthers 1 line long. Grain 4 line ee grooved. Habitat : ATAL. Without precise locality, Buchanan 38. Drawn fron. Buchanan's 33, which was very kindly lent for the purpose by the Director of the Herbarium at Kew ; the pl: int is not in our collection. Fig 1, Spikelet ; 2, lower glume : 3, upper glume; 4, valve in profile ; 5 pale : 6, pistil, stamens, and lodicules, All enlarged, PLATE 454. Poa BINATA, Nees. (FI.’Cap., ‘Vol, VIL, p 714), Nat. Order Graminere. PERENNIAL, compactly espitose, glabrous. —CULMS erect, 3 to 1} foot high, rare ly taller, more or less compressed be low, usually Y-noded, internodes exesennedl LEAVES mostly near the base; sheaths tight, smooth, the /ower more or less keeled, ultimately breaking up into persistent ire ligules ovate, $ to 14 line lone; blades linear, acute, 2 to 6 inches, by L to 14 ue. flat. with the tips often complicate and curved, smooth or finely seaberulous above. PANICLE ovoid or pyramidal when open, 24 to 6 inches long, erect or nodding, lax; rhachis smooth, very slender ; branches distant, vgeminate, finely filiform, fHexuous or wavy, upto 2 inches long, undivided to the nviddle or beyond it, smooth or seaberulous above: branchlets contracted: lateral pedicels very short, scaberulous. SPIKELEtTS crowded on the tips of the branches, ovate-oblong, 2 to 24 lines long, closely 3 to 5-flowered, pallid, rarely variegated with purple. GLUMES rather unequal, /ower ovate to oblong when expanded, acute, | to 1 line long, I-nerved; keel seaberulous ; “ppe7 aynie. acuminate, 1} to 2 lines long, 3-nerved, side-nerves usually very short. Valves oblong, Sa ee to acute, lower 2 lines long, glabrous or minutely pubescent below, aloug the keel and the outer herves, not eonnected by wool: tips hyaline ; nerves prominent Pales 1 line long, keels seabrid. Anthers 1 to 14 line long. Habitat: Natran. On mountains about 100 miles inland, 4000 to 6000 feet alt., Sutherland + Riet Vlei, 4000 to 5000 feet alt., Buchanan 284: near the Moot River, 8000-4000 feet alt., Wood 7326 (Mason 68); and without precise locality, Buchanan 285. Very closely allied to the Abyssinian P?. stvensis, Hochst, ex A. Rich, which differs mainly in havi ing narrower, more acute, valves, and longer ligules. Both species be long to the group of P. polycolea, Stapf. Drawn from Wood's 7326, which was collected near Mooi River by H. Mason, Fie 1, Spikelet : 2, lower glume ; 3, upper glume; 4, valve; 5, pale ; 6, stamens, pistil, and lodieules, Ad/ enlarged, PLATE 454 POA BINATA. wees PLATE 455. POA ANNUA, usw PLATE 455. Poa annua, Linn, (FI. Cap., Vol. VIL, p. 715). Nat. Order Graminere. ANNUAL OR SUBPERENNIAL, tufted, glabrous.—CuLms erect from a geniculate and often rooting base, from a few inches to 1 foot long, shehtly compressed below, smooth ; mternodes exserted or enclosed ; sheaths femiian loose, slightly compressed, smooth ; ligules oblong to ovate, up to 1} line broad ; blades nent acute, 4 to 14 ineh (r arely longer), by 1 to 14 line, flat, flaccid ; margins scaberulous. PANICLE rather stiff, ovate, lax, up to 35 inches long, often subsecund; the lower branches 2- (rarely 3 to 5) nate or solitary, spreading, ultimately often deflexed, up to 14 inch long, branched from the middle, smooth, SPIKELETS more or less crowded, oblong-ovate or ovate, green or sometimes purplish, 2 to 24 lines long, 3 to 7-flowered, nee olume fenccol: ate, acute, 1 to 1+ line long, I-nerved to sub-3-nerved, upper slightly longer, ovate when expanded, 3-nerved. Valves oblong, obtuse or subacute, 14 line long; margins and tips broadly hyaline; nerves ‘slightly prominent, silkily ciliate below, along the keel and the outer side-nerves, rarely elabrescent, without connecting wool (in the type) ; pales shehtly shorter than the valves, keels ciliate ; anthers 3 line long; grain oblong, aig line long. Habitat: Narau. Cooper 3362. Throughout Europe and temperate Asia, mtroduced into most other temperate regions, rare in the tropies. Drawn from a specimen in the Government Herbarium, No. 10,183, which was sent to us without locality, and identified by Miss Franks. This grass is common in England, but is not considered to be of much, if any, agricultural value. Fig 1, A spikelet; 2, lower glume ; 3, upper glume; 4, valve ; 5, vale; 6, pistil, stamens, and lodic ‘ules, ?) v PLATE 469. DIGITARIA DEBILIS, wiz. PLATE 469. Dicrrania Dupin, Wallds “hl Cap. Vol. y Thep.307): Nat. Order Graminez. AnnvuAL.—CurLms ascending from a geniculate base, scantily branched below, 1 to 2 feet long, glabrous, 5 or more noded, upper node by far the longest. Leaves glabrous or hairy ; sheaths rather thin, striate ; ligules rounded, lp t 2 lines long ; blades linear from a subcordate base, tapering to a fine point, 3 ae 5 inches by 14 to 23 lines, flat, flaccid, margins ato Racemes ¢ e to 10, subdigitate or ona secabrid angular common axis (1 to 2 inches long), singly or the lower sub- verticillate, erect or spreading, very slender, strict, 4 to 8 inches long ; rhachis filiform, angular, very scabrid, internodes up to 2 lines long ; pedicels 2-nate, one very short, ‘the other up to 1 line long, fine, angular seabrid. SPIKELETS lanceolate, about 1} line lone, GLuMES, lower very minute, rounded, hyaline, wpper Jinear-lanceolate, long acuminate, exceeding the lower valve by 4, strongly 7 7-nerved, finely and adpre sssedly silky between the outer nerves and alone ‘the m: weis. Valves, lower oblong, shortly acuminate, rather over 1 line lone, strongly 7-nerved, finely cn adpressedly SI lky between the outer nerves and along the Margins ; upper subchartac ‘eOus, slightly shorter than the lower, pale. Anthers 2 line lone ; grain 4 line long. Habitat: Navan. Umpumulo, Buchanan 202 ; and without precise locality, Gerrard 693. Also in tropical Africa, Madagascar, and the Mediterranean countries, from Algeria and South Italy to Portugal. Drawn from Gerrard’s 693, kindly lent for the purpose by the Director of the Royal Gardens and Herbarium at Kew. Fig 1, Upper glume; 2, lower valve; 3, upper -valve; 4, pale; 5, pistil, stamens and lodicules, A// enlarged. PLATE 470. DIGITaRIA FLACCIDA, Stapf. (FI. Cap., Vol. VII. p. 382). Nat. Order Gramine. Cunms very slender, over 1 foot long ; uppermost sheath long, narrow, with a rudime ntary bli ide, elabrous. Racemes simple or compound below, “silky elon. 3:0 7 lines lone, on the “slender branches of a narrow, fi accid, scantily branched panicle, : to 3 inches long ; rhachis finely filiform, triquetrous, smooth, internodes ® to 14 line lone. SPIKELETS 2-nate or the lowest on 3-4 spiculate short branchlets, oblong, sub- acute, 2 to 1} line long, unequally pedicelled, pedicels finely filiform, smooth and root) elabrous or \ ah very few rigid hairs near the discoid tips. Guiumes, lower delicately hyaline, ovate, obtuse, up to } line long, nerveless, elabrous or scantily hairy ; wpper lanceolate- -oblong, subacute, 1 line long, 3-nerved, densely and long villous, ‘margins delicately hyaline, rather broad. Valves, fae er oblong, subacute, 13 to almost 2 ie long, 7-nerv ved, glabrous along the middle nerve, densely villous on the sides, particularly along the upper edge of the inflexed margins, hairs acute, somewhat rigid, often purplish, exceeding the valve ; upper subchartac ‘eOUS, oblong, acuininate, up to 1% line long. Habitat: Navar. Umsinga and base of Bigegarsberg, Buchanan 88. This species is remarkable for having two short, nerved, cuneate lodicules in the lower floret, although the pale Het is extremely poe ed abd ys scarcely exceeds them. I do not know any other similar : Stapf). No specimen of this grass was ip our Herbarium, but the Director of the Royal Gardens at Kew kindly allowed a dr awing of it to be made by Miss Smith, which our artist. Miss Franks, has copied. Fig 1, Rhachis and spikelets : 2, upper glume ; 3, lower valve; 4, pale and lodicules ; 5, upper glume and pale ; 6, pistil and lodicules, A// enlarged. PLATE 470. DIGITARIA FLACCIDA, stare PLATE 471. PANICUM ARRECTUM, scx PLATE 471. Panicum arrectum, Hack. (Fl. Cap., Vol. VIL, p. 393). Nat. Order Graminewx. PERENNIAL, quite e@labrous.—CuLMs ascending from a prostrate rooting base, 1 to 2 feet long, compressed below, terete in the upper part, glabrous, many-noded, seantily branched ; sheaths somewhat loose, striate, smooth, the lower withering ; ligule a dense fringe of hairs ; blades linear, acute, 25 to 4 inches, 14 to 2 lines, usually more or less convolute, rigid, green, smooth except the scabrid mareins. False spikes 2 to 4, distant on a triquetrous smooth axis up to 3 inches long, secund, 2-ranked, 1 to 14 inch long ; rhachis linear, 4 to 3 line broad, flat on the back, with a very prominent wavy midrib in front, smooth ; pedicels solitary, very short, stout, tips subdiscoid, with 1-2 spreading hairs. SPIKELETS contiguous, oblong, subacute, 14 to 1# line lone, green or tipped with purple. GriumeEs, lower facing the rhachis, thinly membranous, elliptic to rotundate- ovate, obtuse, } to # line long, sub-7-nerved ; upper membranous, oblong, con- spicuously 7 to 9-nerved, nerves green, lower floret male ;. valve like the upper glume, but narrower, 7-nerved ; pale equal, obtuse, anthers over 1 line long. Perfect floret broadly elliptic, obtuse, 14 to 1} line long ; valve 7-nerved, transversely wrinkled. Habitat: Natat. Without precise locality, Gerrard 686. The plate copied from a drawing made by Miss Smith at New, by kind per- mission of the Director. Fig 1, Part of rhachis and two spikelets; 2, lower glume; 3, upper glume; 4, lower valve; 5, pale; 6, upper valve; 7, pale ; 8, pistil and lodicules, All enlarged, PLATE 472. PANICUM PYRAMIDALE, Lam. (FI. Cap., Vol. VII, p. 395). Nat. Order Gramines. PERENNIAL. S_erect from a geniculate or prostrate base, or floating, terete, up to 15 feet high, in tall specimens very robust, as thick below as ihe middle finger or thicker, ‘often with whorls of long roots from the submerged nodes, sheathed all along or some of the internodes at length exserted, many-noded ; sheaths striate, sro glabrous, rarely hispid, terete ; ligule a fringe of hairs. Blades linear from a rather broad and rounded, or from a ‘slightly attenuate and decurrent base, long tapering to a fine point, 1 to 2 feet by 3 to 12 lines, flat, firin, glabrous, often more or less glaucous, smooth above, scabrid below in the upper part, margins cartilaginous, spinulous or scabrid or smooth below, midrib usually broad, whitish. o>? facing all sides or sometimes subsecund; axis stout, 3 to 4 angular, suleate, hispidulous or glabrous and smooth except the seabrid angles, usually with a fringe of hairs at the nodes; branches very many, some solitary, ner 2-nate or aceled: the lowest distant, the others rather close, suberect, strict or tlexuous, rarely nodding, L to 3 inches long, forming moderately dense simple or subsimple spikes ; rhachis slender, triquetrous, hispidulous or glabrous ; pedicels fascicled, very short, tips discoid. PANICLE erect, rarely nodding, usually lnear-oblong, dense, $ to 1 foot long, SPIKELETS ovoid, cuspidate, 1} to 2 lines long, greenish or variegated with purple. GtuMEs herbaceous-membranous ; /ower broadly ovate, clasping at the base, acute, about half the length of the spikelet, 5-ner ved, mar gins scabrid or ciliate ; upper glume ovate to ovate- oblong, shortly acuminate, very concave, scarcely shorter than the spikelet, 5 to 7- -nerved, minutely and rigidly pubescent or sub- glabrous between the scabrid or spinmlons nerves. Florets, /ower male, valve Shaan to the upper glume, flat on the back, pale oblong, subacuminate, keels seabrid. Anthers $ to 1 line long. Perfect floret usually ‘elliptic, 1 rarely oblong, cuspidate, 1$ to 2 lines long, straw-coloured, smooth, valve coriaceous, 5-nerved. The typical form is common throughout tropical Africa, sometimes covering large areas in and near stagnant water. Habitat: Natat. Valley of the Umgeni River, Drege 4242; near Verulam, 200-300 feet alt., Wood 8877. Drawn from Wood’s specimen. Fig 1, Rhachis and spikelets; 2, lower glume ; 3, upper glume ; 4, lower valve ; 5, vale ; 6, stamens and lodicules; 7, upper glume; 8, pale; 9, pistil, stamens, and lodicules, A// enlarged, PLATE 472. PANICUM PYRAMIDALE, 44™. Ts PANICUNM CRUS-GALLI, #11. SPATE 47a: PLATE 478. Panicum Crus-catu, Linn. (FI. Cap., Vol. VIL, p. 397). Nat. Order Graminez. ANNUAL.—CULMS geniculately ascending, compressed below, | to 3 feet high, glabrous, smooth, 3 to 5-noded, sheathed all along or te umternodes at leneth more or less exserted, often branched below ; sheaths. striate, smooth, the lower often strongly compressed, whitish, glabrous except the lowest, which are pubescent at the very base ; ligules 0, junction of blade and sheath glabrous inside. Blades linear from a se: arcely horpowed base, tapering to an acute point, 3 to 6 inches by 3 to 6 lines, flat, subflaccid, glabrous, more or less glaucous, smooth above, scaber ulous below, particularly tow nee the tip, margins finely cartilaginous, scale id to almost aootle midrib narrow. PANICLE erect, strict, or flexuous, 3 to 8 inches long; axis triquetrous, 3 to 5-angled, scabrid; brauches few to about 15, solitary or 2-nate, suberect spreading, distant except the uppermost, the lower 1 to 23 inches long, forming rather stout, dense, simple or subsimple, subsecund, sessile false spikes ; rhachis tr quctrous, seabrid, coarsely bristly, particularly near the nodes. Pedicels fascicled or 2-nate, very short, up to $ line long, scabrid, bristly at the base, tips obscurely . e 7 om? : discoid. oe SPIKELETS crowded, ovoid-ellipsoid, cuspidate, 14 to 1} line long, greenish or tinged with purple. Oo GLUMES, ce membranous, very broadly ovate, clasping at the base, obtuse to subeuspidate, $ line long, 5-nerved, sca berulous : ede pees snes membranous, very broadly Sack: oblong, concave, acute or cuspidate, line long, 5- (or near the tips) 7 -nerved, rigidly pubescent between the sca bil and spinulous nerves. Florets, lower barren ; valve similar to the age glume, but flat or depressed on the back ; cuspidate or produced into a seabrid, often long. awn, 7-nerved through- out or only towards the tips; pale elliptic, shorter by + than the valve, keels scaberulous above ; perfect floret elliptic-ovate, cuspidate, over 1 line long, whitish or yellowish, smooth ; valve subcoriaceous, 5- Reread. Anthers oblong, scarcely 3 line long ; grain broadly elliptic, ~ line long. Habitat: Navan. Near Durban, IW7//iamson ; Buchanan 3; Berea, Wood 8883. Fig 1, Lower glume; 2, upper glume; 3, lower valve; 4, pale; 5, upper valve and yale ; 6, pale; 7, pistil, stamens and lodicules. Al/ enlarged. ’ | 7] PLATE 474. PANICUM MILIARE, Lam. (FI. Cap., Vol. VIL, p. 408). Nat. Order Gramineze. ANNUAL.—CULMS erect or geniculate, 1 to 3 feet long, glabrous, 3 to 5-noded, usually with flowering branches Soin some of the nodes. LEAVES glabrous, very rarely more or less hirsute with tubercle-based hairs ; sheaths loose, strongly striate, smooth, longer or shorter than the imcunodese hgules very short, truneate, ciliolate : bites linear from a usually broader ond need base, tapering to an acute point, $ to almost 2 feet, by 2 to 7 lines, flat, flaceid. PANICLE erect or nodding, contracted, narrow, decompound, lax or dense, + to 1 foot long; axis slender, striate, smooth; branches alternate, 2 or 3-nate, the lower rather distant, filiform, angular, seaberulous, the longest oh to more than 6 inches long, undivided for $ to 24 inches, often nodding, “branchlets and pedicels contracted, the latter very “unequal, very short or up to “L inch long, scabrid, tips slightly thickened. SPIKELETS subturgid, ellipsoid or oblong, more or less acute, 14 to 13 line long, glabrous, green or purplish. GLUMES, /oiwer very broadly ovate, clasping, acute or subacuminate, 4 to almost 5 the length of the spikelet, about 3-nerved ; upper oblong, subacuminate, very concave ; 1} to 14 line long, 11 to 13-nerved. Lower floret WORE) valve like the upper glume, but 9-nerved ; pale subequal, narrow, 2- keeled. Perfect florets oblong, acute, 1 line long, smooth, shining o, pallid or remain: valve coriaceous, 7-nerved, anthers 4 line long. Habitat: Navar. Between Umzimkulu and Umkomanzi Rivers, Drege. Commonly cultivated all over India, and possibly originated from P. psilopodium, Trin., an equally common Indian grass. Drawn from a specimen kindly lent by the Director of the Royal Gardens at Kew. The specimen was gathered in South Concan by Mr, Law. Fig 1, Lower glume ; 2, upper glume ; 3, lower valve ; 4, pale ; 5, fertile valve; 6, pale ; {P pistil, stamens and lodicules, All enlarged, Y Z Kime IG ELD ef pee ge we a ~ —_. a SSTLS = 2 S Tk BSS = Sy = WN i Y SS —— SS — SSS <= SSS a SS — S == Foe ay } x ae Is ar Leos — === <= Vy, SS CZ ——_—— Z x= SSR S ie y i a We Vee as PANICUM MILIARE, LAM os PLATE 475. Panicum curvAtuMm, Linn. (FI. Cap., Vol. VIL, p. 414). Nat. Order Graminez. PERENNIAL.—CuLms ascending from a decumbent or rambling base, very slender, many-noded, glabrous, internodes exserted ; sheaths tight, striate, ciliate along the margins, otherwise glabrous or sparsely hairy; ligule a very narrow, minutely ciliolate rim ; blades more or less spreading, linear to linear-lanceolate from a strongly and suddenly constricted base, tapering to an acute point, 2 to 4 inches by 2 to 3 lines, flat, thin, glabrous or sparsely hairy towards the base, smooth, margins scaberulous. * PANICLE erect, contracted and linear or open and ovate, 1 to 3 inches long ; axis slender, smooth ; branches spirally arranged, rather arctan not very numerous, the lower up to 14 inch long, loosely deed almost from the base, subeapillary, smooth ; lateral pedicels very short and fine, tips discoid. SPIKELETS curved, semi-ovate to suboblong, acute or obtuse, 1 to 1} line long, green, strongly nerved. GLuMES, lower very minute, broadly ovate to orbicular, nerveless ; “upper equalling the spikelet, very concave, gibbous below, ‘strongly curved, acute or obtuse, membranous, 9-ribbed. Florets, lower eter valve oblong or ovate- oblong, obtuse, straight, equalling the lower glume, herbaceous on the sides and at tip, 7-nerved ; perfect floret elliptic-oblong, acute, # line long, strongly convex ; valve chartaceous, very obscurely 5-nerved ; anthers + line long. Habitat: Nata. Between Umzimkulu River and Umkomanzi River, Dréye, 4252; coastland, Sutherland ; near Durban, Williamson, 30; and without precise locality, Gerrard 479. Also in the Mascarene Islands and in South India. Drawn from Gerrard’s specimen, which was kindly lent for the purpose from Kew. Fig 1, Lower glume ; 2, upper glume ; 3, Jower valve ; 4, pale; 5, upper valve ; 6, pale ; 7, pistil, Pmene and ledicules. All. enlarged. pat cde DIRECTOR OF NATAL BOTANIC. GARDENS, DURBAT SME Yes, 3 it tee a Spe ney v SVP ae eae yee ie sea aa oe aes a en ? : ; A : r ‘ , 5 e i NATAL GOVERNN SE oy uf ANH, DURBAN rT RN aes PLATE 476 | PLATE 476. PANICUM HYMENIOCHILUM, Nees. (FI. Cap., Vol. VII., p. 399). Nat. Order Gramine. Cutms decumbent, very slender and weak, 1 to 14 foot long, more or less finely hairy or vlabrescent, many-noded, branched from sonie or most of the nodes, internodes exserted. LEAVES finely hairy ; sheaths thin, rather tight, at length often loose and thrown aside, strongly striate, tubercled between the nerves : ligule an obscure ciliolate rim; blades ienceolate to linear-lanceolate, tapering pines! from the broad clasping base to a fine point, 1 to 3 inches, by 14 to 3. lines, flat, flaccid, margins scabrid, sometimes callously serrulate, and often with a few bristles towards “he base. PANICLES very scanty, flaccid, 1 to 1} inch long, consisting of few 5-2-spiculate short branches, up to $ inch long : aXxIS, branches and pedicels filiform, angular, finely hairy or glabrescent, sub- scaberulous, lateral pedicels very short. glabrous, finely but SPIKELETS oblong, subobtuse, 14 line long, greenish, g prominently nerved. GLUMES, ‘ower lanceolate to subulate from a broader base, 1-nerved, hyaline, equalling 4 of the spikelet ; wpper one thinly herbaceous, oblong, subobtuse, 1 line long, 7 to 9-nerved. Florets, /ower male; valve like the upper glume, 14 line long, 7 to 9-nerved ; pale slightly shorter, keels scabrid above, evanescent Helens fhe! hyaline tip ; perfect Horch oblong, subobtuse, L line long, smooth, whitish ; valve’ thinly chartaceous, 5-nerved ; anthers 3 line long. Var. glandulosum, Nees.—More robust ; blades up to 3 inches by 3 lines, more densely hairy to villous ; panicle oblong to ovate, up to 3 inches long, much more divided; axis, branches and branchlets with scattered gland- tipped hairs, branches suberect or spreading, up to more than 1 inch long; pedicels longer ; spikelets more scattered. Habitat: Natau. Between the Umzimkulu River and the Umkomanzi River, Drége 4247 ; rar. glandulosum, near the Umlazi River, below 200 feet, Drege 4292; on the Flats near Durban, Drege 4248 ; coastland, Sutherland. Our drawing was copied from one made by Miss M. Smith at Kew, and kindly sent to us by the Director. Fig 1, Whole plant ( Drege 4247) ; 2, inflorescence (Drege 4292); 3, branchlets ; 4, two spikelets ; ; 5, lower glume ; 6, upper elume ; 7, valve of male floret; 8, pale of male floret ; 9, valve of perfect floret ; 10, pale ; ie pistil, stamens and lodicules. Figs 1 and 2 natural size, remainder enlarged. PLATE 477. PANICUM PERLAXUM, Stapf. (FI. Cap, Vol. VIL, p. 400). Nat. Order Graminez. PERENNIAL, rhizome slender. CuLMs suberect or ascending, very slender, 1 to 2 feet long, more or less branched, 5 to many-noded, glabrous, internodes mostly exserted. LEAVES glabrous or hairy ; sheaths thin, striate ; ligule an obscure minutely ciliate rim; blades linear to linear-lanceolate from a suddenly contracted, subauriculate base, tapering to an acute point, 2 inches, by 14 to 3 lines, flat, thin, margins scabrid. PANICLE very lax and often very scanty, erect, 5 to 8 inches long; axis filiform, smooth ; branches 3 to 5, usually solitary, remote, at length spreading, the longer 3 to 6 bases loug, simple, 4-1-spiculate, or remotely and sparingly divided, with long 2-3-spiculate branchlets, finely filiform to capillary, flexuous, smooth ; lateral pedicle 4 to 1 inch long, tips cupular. SPIKELETS oblong, acute to subacuminate, 13 to 2 lines long, greenish, glabrous or pubescent, prominently nerved. GuuMEs thinly herbaceous, equal, 14 to 2 lines long, the dower narrow, oblong, acute or subacute, 7 to 5-nerved ; wpper ovate- -oblong, acute, very concave, 7 to sub-9-nerved. Florets lower barren ; valve similar to the upper glume, but slightly shorter and 5-nerved or 7-nerved near the tip, subhyaline along the middle; pale 4 the length of the valve or more; perfect floret oblong, acute or subacuminate, “equalling the lower or a very little shorter, yellowish; valve coriaceous, smooth, 5-nerved ; anthers # line long. Habitat: Navau. Coastlands, Sutherland ; apparently more plentiful in Cape Colony than in Natal. Drawn from a specimen which was lent for the purpose by Dr. 8. Schonland, F.L.S., the Director of the Albany Museum, Grahamstown, Cape Colony, as we have no specimen in our Herbarium. _ Fig 1, Lower glume; 2, upper glume: 3, lower valve; 4, upper valve; 5, pale; 6, pistil and lodicules. All enlarged. PLATE 477 PANICUM PERLAXUM, 5/4Pr PLATE 478. = Cee YJ NY SASH nL PANICUM CHUSQUEOIDES, svaer PLATE 478. PANICUM CHUSQUEOIDES, Hack. (Fl. Cap., Vol. VIL. p. 100). Nat. Order Graminee. PERENNIAL.-—CULMS divaricately branched, rambling, very slender, 2 feet long, glabrous, many-noded, internodes exser ted : sheaths very tight, terete, glabrous or ciliate along ae margins, sometimes scantily dotted with tubercles ; ligules very short, truncate, obscurely ciliate ; blades spreading, linear-lanceolate from a broad rounded and suddenly contracted subpetiolate base, 2 to 3 inches by 2 to 4 lines, flat, thin, very finely nerved, glabrous, smooth, margins scabrid. PANICLE up to 5 inches long, consisting of 3 to 5 distant, suberect or spreading, glabrous, filiform angular | branches, which are up to 2 inches long, and bear spikelets from 1 to 3 lines above the base ; ; pedicels solitary or 2-nate, unequal, one very short, the other up to 14 line long, angular, smooth. SPIKELETS oblong, acute, 14 to 12 line long, greenish, glabrous. GuuMEs, /ower hyaline above, herbaceous below, rotundate-ovate, very obtuse, equalling 4 to 4 of the spikelet, 3-nerved ; wpper glume thinly herbaceous, oblong, subapiculate, 14 to 13 line long, 7 to sub-9-nerved. Florets, dower barren ; valve equal and very similar to the upper glume, but 5-nerved ; pale subequal ; perfect floret oblong, subapiculate, shghtly shorter than the lower; valve coriaceous, transversely wrinkled, 5-nerved, light green or yellowish ; anthers ? line long. Habitat: Narau. Near Durban, Reimann 8648 ; Williamson 11. Our drawing was copied from one made by Miss M. Smith at Kew, and kindly lent to us for the purpose by the Director. It was made from Williamson's specimen. Fig 1, Plant, natural size; 2 spikelets: 3, lower glume; 4, upper glume: 5, valve and pale of male floret; 6, valve of perfect floret ; 7, pale; 8, lodicules, stamens and _pistil. Except fig 1, ull enlarged. PLATE 479. SETARIA AUREA, A. Braun. (FI. Cap, Vol. VII. p. 426). Nat. Order Graminev. PERENNIAL OR ANNUAL or at least flowering the first year. Rhizome short, oblique, covered with the remains of old Beales and sheaths, sometimes with subglobose innovation buds. CuLMs suberect or ascending, often geniculate, 2 to 6 feet long, usually strongly compressed or even ancipitous below, strongly striate and scabrid or puberulous below the panicle, otherwise glabrous and smooth, 3 to 7-noded ; internodes exserted except the lowest, uppermost usually very long and slender ; sheaths striate, glabrous or softly hirsute, lower compressed, keeled, bases often persistent and breaking up into fibres ; ligule a shortly and densely ciliate rim; blades linear, long tapering to an acute point, 4 to 14 foot by 14 to 4 lines, or rarely 6 lines, flat, rather firm, sometimes rather rigid ‘and more or less volte. glabrous or scantily hairy towards the base, scaberulous or almost smooth. PANICLE erect, straight or subflexuous, cylindric, 2 inches to more than 1 foot long, 24 to 8 lines thick (exclusive of the bristles), very dense, very bristly, usually orange-coloured or reddish ; axis slender, minutely villous or puberulous : branches reddead to a subsessile one-sided involnces consisting of 6 to 10 slender scabrid bristles, 2 to 7 lines long, yellowish to bright orange or reddish, and subtending usually 1 perfect and 1-2 arrested spikelets. SPIKELETS obliquely ovate to ovate-oblong, subapiculate or obtuse, 1} to 1 line long, pallid or purplish at the tips, glabrous. GLUMES very ay membranous, ovate, acute or subacute, whitish or purplish, lower one 3-nerved, 4 as long as the spikelet ; upper 5-nerved, } as long as the spikelet, nerves faint. Florets, lower male. Valve equal or subequal to the spikelet, flat or depressed along the middle, similar to the upper glume ; pale subequal to the valve. Perfect floret equalling or shghtly exceeding the male, plano-convex, oblong, usually minutely apiculate, pallid or purplish upwards. Valve coriaceous, transversely wrinkled, 5-nerved. Anthers 4 to 1 line long. Grain depressed ellipsoid, # line long. Habitat : Navat. Impunzane, Sutherland ; Nottingham, Buchanan 70; Um- pumulo, Buchanan 170; without precise locality, Gerrard 473, Buchanan 169 ; Berea, Wood 5935; near Maritzburg, Sé. George 5 (Wood 7241); Shirley, Mooi River, W. 7. Woods. ‘“ Not relished by cattle when green, when ripe they like it. Cattle prefer it to ordinary veldt. Makes a good weighty hay.” —W. T. Woods. Fig 1, Spikelet with involucre 5 2, lower glume; 3, upper glume; 4, lower valve; 5, pale ; 6, stamens and lodicules ; 7, upper valve ; 8, pale; 9, pistil, stamens and lodicules. All enlarged. PLATE 479,. AUREA 4 6rRaun PLATE 480 PENNISETUM TYPHOIDEUM, «cn? PLATE 480. PENNISETUM TYPHOIDEUM, Rich. (FI. Cap, Vol. VIL, p. 482). Nat. Order Gramine. ANNUAL.—CULMS erect, stout, 1 to several feet high, usually terete and simple, 5- or more noded, hairy to villous below the panicle, otherwise usually elabrous ; sheaths terete, elabrous except the bearded nodes and the often villous junction with the blade, rarely hirsute, usually shghtly rough, rather shorter than the internodes; ligule a narrow long and densely ciliate rim: blades linear to linear-lanceolate from a rounded base, acute, $ to 2 feet by 4 to 14 inch, fiat, more or less rough, glabrous, rarely hirsute. PANICLE spike-like, cylindric, very dense, 4 to 8 inches by 5 to 9 lines (in the South African specimens) or longer and thicker, often purplish, rhachis stout, villous; branchlets reduced to a peduncled involucrate cluster of 3-1 spikelets ; peduncles villous, straight, | to 24 lines long, often horizontally spreading or partly deflexed ; involucre of very numerous ete often purplish bristles about as long as the spikelets. SPIKELETS sessile or shortly pedicelled within the involucre, readily deciduous when ripe, oblong, 2 to 24 lines long, pale or purplish upwards. GLUMES oe adly ovate, obtuse, minute, hyaline, nerveless, ciliate, or larger (the wpper to 4 the length of the spikelet), firmer and 3-nerved ; florets similar, subequal, /ower male or “veduced to a minute empty hyaline valve. Valves broadly oblong, cuspidate or mucronate, 5 to 7-nerved, glabrous, ciliate or pubescent towards the margins or at the tips. Pales broad, oblong, truncate, glabrous, ciliate, or the flaps pubescent below. Lodicules 0. Anthers 1 to 14 line long, tips bearded ;_ styles connate ; grain ellipsoid to subglobose, equalling the gaping chartaceous very smooth valve and pale. Habitat: Natau. Near Durban, Drege ; and without precise locality, Cooper 3338 ; Nels Rust (cultivated), Government Herbarium, 9090. Drawn from specimens grown in Botanic Gardens, Durban, Feb., 1907. “The ‘ Pearl Millet. —An annual requiring only about three months to ripen its crop. The stems reach to 6 to 10 feet in height, several being produced from one root, and each again forming lateral branches. Together tl Sorghum, this is the principal cereal except rice grown in India by the native races; it requires a rich soil, and on such will yield a hundred fold — It furnishes hay of good quality, though not very easily dried, and is also valuable as green fodder. It is cultivated in the United States of America, and it matures as far north as Christiana, in Norway. Farm stock eat it greedily, One ptant of ‘ Pearl Millet’ is worth three of maize for fodder.’ 2 Baron i . v. Mueller. Fig 1, Spikelets, showing involucre ; 2, lower glume; 3, upper glume: 4, lower valve; 5, pale; 6, upper valve ; 7, same opened; 8, pale; 9, pistil and stamens. All enlarged. Ho.cus, Linn. SPIKELETS in rather dense, oblong or interrupted panicles, laterally compressed, disarticulating from the tips of the. pedicels ; rhachilla shghtly produced beyond the upper floret, disarticulating more or less readily below the valves; joints slender, lower curved and often appendaged. Florets 2, lower perfect, wpper usually male, sometimes perfect or barren. GLUMES 2, membranous, keeled, acute or acuminate, lower 1-nerved, upper 3-nerved, sometimes awned. Valves shorter than the glumes, chartaceous, very obscurely 5-3-nerved, lower awnless, upper awned. Pales narrow, 2-keeled. Lodicules 2, delicate. Stamens 8. Ovary glabrous; styles distinct ; stigmas plumose, laterally exserted. Grain laterally compressed, enclosed by the valve and pale and often adhering to the latter, soft ; hilum short ; embryo small. ANNUAL OR PERENNIAL.—Blades flat or convolute when dry ; panicle usually more or less contracted, sometimes almost spike-like ; spikelets deciduous, pallid. Species about 6; 2 common in Europe, but naturalised in many temperate countries; | in South Africa, the rest Mediterranean. PLATE 481. Hoxicus tanatus, Linn. (FI. Cap., Vol. VII., p. 465). Nat. Order Graminee. PERENNIAL, tufted, 2-3 feet high. CuLms 3 to 4-noded, softly hairy, at least below the panicle, rarely quite glabrous ; leaf-sheaths reversedly and softly hairy, rarely glabrous, villous ‘at the nodes, the uppermost inflated ; ligule membranous, oblong, pubescent, 1 line long ; blades linear to linear-lanceolate, up to 6 inches, by 2 to 34 lines, the uppermost very short, flat, softly hairy. PANICLE erect, oblong, 2 to 6 inches long, usually contracted ; rhachis, branches, branchlets and pedicels hairy. SPIKELETS oblong, 24 to 24 lines long, whitish or purplish. GLUMES almost equally lone, mucronate, scabrid, keels pectinate-ciliate, the lower narrower, the upper broader with prominent side-nerves ; lower floret perfect, upper male ; lower valve obliquely lanceolate- oblong, rather more than one line long, with a few hairs on the keel, very obscurely 5-nerved ; callus with a few long hairs; wpper valve smaller and thinner, awn shorter than the valve, at length recurved, renee stout ; pales as long as their valves. Anthers 2 to 1 line long. Habitat: Navar. The Dargle, 3400 feet alt., Woodhouse in Government Herbarium, 9177. Drawn from the Dargle specimen, the only one in our Herbarium. Introduced. Native of Europe, Siberia and North Africa, introduced into most temperate regions of both hemispheres. ‘A well known perennial pasture grass of considerable fattening property. For rich soil better grasses can be chosen, but for moist, moory or sandy lands, and ilso for forests, it is one of the most eligible pasture-grasses, yielding an abundant and early crop ; it is, however, methien disliked by , cattle and horses. Bears continued grazing off extremely well ”—Baron F. v. aes Fig 1, A spikelet; 2, lower glume; 3, upper glume ; 4, florets ; 5, lower valve ; 6, pale ; 7, pistil, stamens and lodicules ; 8, upper valve. All enlarged. be HOEGUSMISANATIUIS. AN, PLATE 481. CaLAMAGROsTIS, Roth. SPIKELETS very narrow, lanceolate, acuminate, in contracted much divided panicles ; rhachilla disarticulating above ite glumes, not or very shortly continued beyond the floret. Floret 1, perfect, much shorter than the olumes. GGLUMES equal or subequal, very narrow, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, membranous, keeled, lower 1-, upper 3-nerved. Valve narrow, lanceolate in profile, membranous, elabrous, more or less shortly bifid, 5-3-nerved ith a fine short dorsal, rarely sub- terminal awn ; callus small, long hairy, hairs usually much exceeding the valve. Pale 2-nerved, as long as the valve or somewhat shorter. Lodicules 2 eyeliner Anthers 3. Ovary elabrous. styles distinct, short ; stigmas plumose, laterally exserted. Grain enclosed by the hardly changed valve and pale, free, subterete ; hilum basal, small ; embyro small. PrRENNIAL, usually rather robust : blades long, linear, flat ; ligules scarious. PANICLE more or less contracted, narrow, rather dense, with much divided branches and short branchlets and pedicels. Florets surrounded by long, fine hairs. Species few, in the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere, 2 also in South Africa. PLATE 482. CatamMAGrostis Hurronte, Hack. (Records of the Albany Museum, Vol. [., No. 5). Nat. Order Graminez. Cums in the upper part (which only is present in our specimens) terete, very glabrous, shortly exposed at apex ; sheath of the uppermost leaf rather loose, scabrid ; ligule oblong, obtuse, cleft, about 3 lines long ; blade linear, acute, about 43 inches long, 14 line broad, very scabrid, nerves rather thick, excurrent. PANICLE linear-oblong, wide-spreading, rather dense, suberect, 7 to 9$ inches long, by 14 to 19 lines broad, rhachis scabrid, branches 6 to 8, semiverticillate, slender, filiform, or sub- -capillary, erect, broad-spreading, very scabrid, undivided in lower half, then bearing many to very many-spiculate secondary branches. SPIKELETS equally disposed on the branches, rather close together, shortly pedicelled, pedicels clavate at apex, very scabrid. Spikelets lanceolate, 14 line long, pale green. GLUMES subequal (lower a very little larger), lanceolate, 14 line long, expanding to about $ line broad, very acute, I-nerved, keel very aculeato-scabrid. Valve a little shorter fan the glume (about 1 line long), oblong, obtuse, minutely 4-fid at apex, thin-membranous, 3-nerved, back very glabrous, covered with the long, dense hairs of the callus, muticous (or rarely in upper third producing an erect earetule scarcely exceeding itself) ; pale subequal to the glume, oblong, rather obtuse, bidentate, 2 Pee very glabrous. Anthers almost i line long. Appendage of rhachilla about ago inch long, densely bearded with hairs i line long. Habitat: Natau. Shafton, Howick, J/rs. HW. Hutton 384. In a note Professor Hackel says: ‘* With the specimen there was a single com- plete flowering stalk, which represents Agrostis lachnantha, Nees, slightly ‘differing from the type. Bork erasses therefore grow at the same place, and it is remarkable to notice that almost all characters (leaves, spikelets, relative sizes, form and nervation of the glumes and valves) agree in both, the only difference is in the indument, for Agrostis lachnantha has at ae base of the valve only short hairs, and just such hairs at the sides, and on the back ; it is entirely without the prolongation of the axis.” The drawing so far as the panicle is concerned was made from the specimen kindly lent for “the purpose by Dr. $. Schonland, and after its arrival it was noticed by the artist that our specimens, Buchanan 286, Mason 44, and Mason (Wood (Seay partly ), all classed as Agrostis lachnantha were also mixed with the Calamayrostis, so that the lower portion of the plant was drawn from Mason’s 44. The artist, Miss Franks adds the following description which is wanting in Professor Hackle’s descrip- tion: ‘‘ Culms erect, 2 to 3 feet high, 3 to 5-noded, branched from the lower nodes. Sheaths striate, Seana elabrous. Fig 1, A spikelet; 2, glume; 3, valve and callus ; 4, valve opened ; 5, pale and rhachilla appendage ; ; 6, pistil, stamens and lodicules. Ad/ enlarged. PLATE 482 GALAMACROSTIS HUTTONA, Hack PLATE 488 PLATE 4838. ARISTIDA BIpARTITA, Rupr. & Trin. (FI. Cap., Vol. VIL, p. 538). Nat. Order Gramine. PrrENNIAL, light green to glaucous. Rhizome short, oblique with compact tufts of short barren shoots and culms, these erect or ascending, L to 2 feet long, simple, terete or compressed below, smooth, glabrous, rarely puberulous below the nodes, about 3-noded ; basal sheaths short, compressed, firm, persistent, whitish, the upper widened and loose in the upper part, at length open, smooth or bearded at the mouth : blades very narrow, linear, acute, 1 to 4 inches by 1 line, rigid, curved, folded, more rarely flat. smooth Nalow: seabed above. PANICLE effuse, 5 to 6 inches by 3 to 5 inches, very lax ; rhachis straight or Hexuous ; branches solitary, distant, spreading, the /oer 3 to 4 inches long, 2- (rarely 3 to 4) partite close to the base, very scantily and remotely branched ; branchlets divaricate, 1 to 3 spiculate at the tips, filiform, straight or flexuous, seabrid ; lateral pedicels very short. SPIKELETS 3 to + lines long, sometimes purplish. (;LUMES subequal, linear-lanceolate, abruptly and shortly mucronate or the upper emarginate. Valve linear, not or obscurely beaked, as long as ule glumes or slightly shorter, smooth or finely scaberulous above, purplish ; callus 1 line lone ; awns continuous with the valve, subequal, divaricate, 4 lines long ; pale $ line long, shortly 2-nerved, lodicules up to $ line long, 3-nerved ; ae 1 to 2 lines long. Habitat: Narar. Bigearsbere, Rehmann 7102: near Dundee, 4000-5000 feet alt., IW. EB. Green (Wood 7358). Fig 1, Spikelet : 2, glume ; 3, valve; 4, pistil and stamens: 5, pale; 6, a lodicule. All enlarged PLATE 484. ARISTIDA CONGESTA, Roem & Schult. (FL. Cap., Vol. VIL, p. 558). Nat. Order Gramine. PERENNIAL, tufted, light green or glaucous, glabrous. Curms slender, rather wiry, erect or geniculately ascending, compressed below, to 2 feet long, simple or branched from some of the lower’ nodes, 3 to 4-noded : oe tight, smooth ; blades usually very narrow, linear, acute, 1 to 6 inches by | line, rarely larger, usually folded or convolute, rigid, curved, rarely flat, smooth below, secabrid to hispidulous above. PANICLE spike-like, often interrupted, with 1 to 2 shortly peduncled, more or less spreading lateral, pseudo-spikes, 2 to 6 inches long ; pedicels very short. SPIKELETS densely crowded, 34 to 4 lines, rarely up to 5 lines long. (rLUMEs keeled, keels smooth or almost so, the /oier lanceolate, gradually ese into a long mucro, 3 lines long, the wpper linear, emarginate, long mucronate, 34. to 5 lines long. Valve linear, produced into a short “twisted beak, usually shghtly shorter than the upper § olume, minutely scaberulous above ; callus 4 line long ; awns jointed with the valves, but not disarticulating, diverging, fine, 5 to 7 lines long ; pale not quite # line long, nerveless or almost so: lodicules 4 3 to 2 line long, 5 to 6-nerved. Anthers 3 line long ; grain up to 14 line long, deeply grooved. Habitat: Narau. Buchanan 124. Also in Cape Colony and Basutoland. Drawn from Buchanan’s 124, kindly lent for the purpose by the Director of the Royal Gardens and Herbarium at Kew. Fie 1, Lower glume; 2, upper glume ; 3, valve, front view; 4, pale; 5, pistil, stamens and lodicules. A/l enlarged. ZG, A Z g g A o i - we Z ZF LL, —— e—= ——<—_———— LG Z g 4 : J LZ yy, Zz . ee ———— er, —— = a SSS —S = — zs = SSS S cS \\' \NR Wy i y » Z LAD = = SS SSS — ARISTIDA CONCESTA Fes — 1 gi Wy (PS Yf KZ SEE EES = PE aX WW VA My | Stipa, Linn. SPIKELETS 1|-flowered, narrow, paniculate ; rhachilla disarticulating above the glumes, not produced. GGLUMES usually persistent, narrow, 1 to 3-nerved, muticous or mucronate. Valves convolute, cylindric or oblong- cylindric, 5 to 7- (rarely 3) nerved, rather rigid, tip gradually tapering, or minutely 2:lobed : callus more or less bearded, usually pungent ; awn simple, continuous with or jointed on the valve, ae or geniculate, twisted below, plumose or naked above the knee. Pale 2-keeled or 2-nerved, almost as long as the valve or much shorter. Lodicules usually 3, the pORtenibe smaller or suppressed. Stamens 3, rarely fewer. Ovary glabrous ; styles distinct, short ; stigmas plumose. Grain slender, cylindric or oblong. cylindric, terete or subterete, sometimes grooved, tightly embraced by the harde ned valve and the pale ; hilum linear, almost as long as the grain ; embryo rather small. PERENNIAL, rarely annual; leaves often convolute, rarely flat ; ligules mem- branous. PANICLE from spike-like to effuse. Numerous species, principally in the drier and warm regions of both hemispheres. PLATE 485. Stipa Dreceana, Steud. (FI. Cap., Vol. VIL, p. 572). Nat. Order Gramine. PERENNIAL, glabrous. Cubs fascicled from a short prwemorse rhizome, erect, 2 to 4 feet high, 3-noded, smooth, internodes enclosed or more or Jess exserted ; lowest sheaths much reduced, firm, se: ale-like, the following very tight, long, the uppermost sometimes tumid, slightly rough, striate ; ligules obtuse, erose, up to 2 lines long ; blades linear from a broad or shiehtly narrowed base, tapering to a very long fine point, up to 14 foot to 38 to 5 lines, flat, rather firm, smooth below, slightly rough above, closely and very finely many-nerved. PAnIcte erect or slightly nodding, oblong, contracted, rarely open and pyramidal, 4 to 1 foot long, br ude: fascicled or 3-2-nate, very unequal, the longest } to 1 foot iong, undivided to 2 3 Of their length or more, filiform, smooth ; pec dicels sc: Cael the lateral shorter than the spikelets, the latter light green, 24 to 34 lines lone. GLUMES subequal, 3-nerved, subhyaline above, glabrous, the /ower lanceolate- acuminate, the «upper lanceolate- ‘oblong, acute or sub-acuminate. Valves oblong- eylindrie, Coolie: obscurely bi- lobed, 2 to 2} lines lone, shortly he ary all over, 5-nerved ; callus minute, obtuse, minutely hairy ; awn not disarticul: ating, 5 to 6 lines long, er cee twisted below, bent 1 to 2 lines above the base. Pale almost as lone as the lee obtuse, hairy on the back ; lodicules 3, oblong, obtuse, the posterior oO - . . . . smaller. Anthers 13 line ae naked. Grain oblong, cylindric. 15 line lone. Habitat: Nara. Riet Vlei. in bush, 5000 feet alt.. Buchanan 239. Drawn from Buchanan's specimens, kindly lent for the purpose by the Director of the Royal Gardens and Herbarium at Kew. The above described species is the only one of the genus Stipa that has yet been found in Natal. Fig 1, Lower glume : 2, upper glume ; 3, valve; 4, pale; 4, pistil, stamens and lodicules, All enlarged. PLATE 486. SPOROBOLUS FIMBRIATUS, Nees. (Fl. Cap., Vol. VIL, p. 585). Nat. Order Graminew., PrRENNIAL, densely tufted. Cunms usually geniculate, 2 to 3 feet long, smooth, glabrous, 2 to 4-noded ; sheaths glabrous except the sometimes ciliate or fanbriate margins, smooth, firm, the lowest pallid, more or less compressed and subcarinate ; ligule a ciliate rim ; blades linear, tapering to a long setaceous point, 5 to 10 inches by 1 to 2 lines, flat or folded with the margins rolled in, glabrous, rarely with long fine spreading hairs near the base, smooth or seaberulous. PANICLE erect, subtlexuous or nodding, 8 to 12 inches by 1 to 2 inches (when open) ; branches solitary, irregularly crowded, 1 to 3 inches long, flat, at length more or less spreading, filiform, repeatedly branched from the pace lower secondary branchlets up to 9 lines long, smooth or almost so ; lateral pedicels very short. SPIKELETS greyish-green, § to 1 line long, crowded or rather lax. GqLUMES unequal, lanceolate, acute or acuminate, the dower hyaline, equalling about 4 the length of the spikelet, the upper as long as the valve or slightly longer, 1- pe cee : valve ovate- lanceolate, acute or acuminate, 1 nerved. Stamens 3 ; ones 4 line long. Grain obovoid, truncate, quadrangular, very slightly compressed, 2 line long ; pericarp delicate. Habitat: Navat. Near Durban, below 500 feet alt., Drege ; and without precise locality, Gerrard 602. As we had no specimen of this grass in the Herbarium the drawing was made from a specimen kindly lent from the collection of Dr. H. Bolus, Capetown. The specimen was gi athered on a stony hillside near Graaff-Reinet in April, 1867, and is Bolus 555. Fig 1, Spikelets; 2, Lower glume; 3, upper glume; 4, valve: 5, pale; 6, stamens ; 7, todicules and pistil. All enlarged. PLATE 486. SPOROBOLUS FIMBRIATUS, sees, PLATE 487. SPOROBOLUS PUNGENS, «ru. PLATE 487. SpoROBOLUS PUNGENS, Kunth. (FI. Cap., Vol. VIL, p. 587). Nat. Order Graminew. PERENNIAL ; rhizome often lone creeping, stoloniferous, stolons emitting fascicled or solitary ascending culms, these 2 to 12 inches long, glabrous, very many- noded, sheathed nearly all along, internodes alternately very short and long, hence the leaves appear opposite ; culm-sheaths rather tight, slightly compressed, glabrous or sometimes ciliate along the margins and bearded at the mouth, smooth ; ligule a ciliate rim ; blades subulate-involute, often pungent, rarely flat towards the base, from 3 to 4 inches long, rigid, firm, closely and strongly nerved, glabrous or scantily long-hairy above, margins scaberulous. PANIcLe spike-like, cylindric, compact, rarely somewhat loosened, 5 to 3 inches long ; branches short, bri inched from the base. scaberulous : pedicels very short. SPIKELETS light to dark olive-green, 1 to 14 line lone. GGLUMES Henle, acute or acuminate, keels acute, seaberulous above, the dower equalling 3 to 4 of the upper, the latter as long as the v: ae or shehtly longer and like it I- poaile pale slightly shorter. Stamens 3; anthers # to 1 line long. Grain ellipsoid, 2 line long, light brown, pericarp thin. Habitat: Narat. At the mouth of the Umzimkulu River, Drege ; sand dunes around ee Bay, Arauss 67. Drawn from Krauss’s specimen, kindly lent for the purpose by the Director of the Royal Gardens and Herbarium at New. ‘A very variable littoral plant of most warm countries. The specimens from Pee Division and from Natal are rather different in habit from the Western, approaching the form common in the Mediterranean region, which originally was understood under S. pungens.” Fig 1, Lower glume; 2, upper glume; 3, valve; 4, pale ; 5, pistil, stamens and lodicules. All enlarged. PLATE 488. SPOROBOLUS SUBTILIS, Kunth. (Fl. Cap., Vol. VIL, p. 588). Nat. Order Graminee. PERENNIAL, densely czespitose, sometimes stoloniferous, erect, 1 to 13. foot long, smooth, glabrous, about 4-noded, internodes enclosed or shortly exserted. =? LEAVES glabrous, smooth ; sheaths ie tight, more or less bearded at the mouth ; ; hgule a minutely ciliolate rim ; blades ver y narrow, setaceously convolute, acute, i 5 inches long, striate. PANICLE embraced at the base by the uppermost sheath, ovoid to oblong, open, very lax, 2 to 4 inches long, much branched ; branches aud branchlets capillary, with very long and fine hairs from the axils ; pedicels very variable in length (from 4 to 14 line long in the Natal, up to 5 lines long in the Madagascar specimens). wi SPIKELETS lanceolate, acute, } line long ; rhachilla produced into a fine bristle half as long to almost as long as the floret. GLUMES subequal, lanceolate in profile, acute, 5 to 2 line long, lower 1, upper 1 to 3-nerved. Valve ovate-lanceolate in profile, # line long, 3-nerved, lateral nerves evanescent above the middle. Pale as long as the sae or very slightly longer; keels ay fine, pereurrent or evanescent below the subciliolate tips. Anthers ¢ to ¢ line long. Grain oblong, 2 line by 4-4 line, subterete, finely striate ; pericarp adnate to the seed, indistinct ; embryo not quite } the length of the grain. Habitat: Nava. Grassy flats between Umlazi River and Durban Bay, Krauss, 212. Also in Madagascar. The Natal plant differs fron the Madagascar specimens which I have seen (Hildebrandt 4906 ; Baron 672 and 4092) in the much shorter ramifications of the panicle. The presence of a bristle-lke continuation of the vhachilla is unique in the genus ; as the structure of the spikelet is, however, otherwise essentially that of Sporobolus it does not seem expedient to separate this species from that genus (Dr. O. Stapf). Our drawing was made from a drawing made by Miss Smith at Kew, and kindly sent to us for the purpose by the Director. Fig 1, Plant with inflorescence, natural size; 2, plant in leaf only, natural size; 3, spikelets : 4, lower glume : 5, upper glume; 6, valve and pale with termination of rhachis : 7, valve; 8, pale ; 9, lodicules, stamens and pistil. Aweept Figs I and 2, all enlarged. PLATE 488. SEROROBOERUSH SUB MIELS KT: 7 — - v 7 oe > z | aa : PLATE 489. DIPLACHNE ELEUSINE, sees. PLATE 489. DipitacHne Exeusine, Nees. (FI. Cap., Vol. VIL, p. 591). Nat. Order Graminee. a PERENNIAL, glabrous. CuLMs tufted, 1 to 2 feet Tong, geniculately ascending, terete, smooth, simple or branched below, 5-noded, mendes exserted : sheaths rather tight id firm, smooth, the lower keeled ; ligules membranous, very short, truneate, denticulate, ciliate ; blades linear, tapering to a fine point, 4 to 9 inches, by 1 to 2 lines, more or less Aevecial seabrid on both sides or rather smooth below. PANICLE narrow, consisting of 2 to 8 erect, distant spikes or spike-lke racemes ; rhachis angular, finely scaberulous or almost smooth: branches 1 to 4 inches long, flexuous. SPIKELETS unilateral, imbricate or z2-seriate, subsessile, 2 to 3-lines long, 5 to 8-flow ered, heht green. GLUMES lanceolate in profile, obtuse or subacute, 14 and 14 line long respec- tively, whitish, keel green. Valves oblong, very obtuse, entire, up to 4 line long, tips broad, hy: aline, side-nerves finely silky, evanescent alow the tips. Pales obtuse. Anthers not quite 4 line long ; grain elliptic, flat, $ to & line by 4 line. ue 5 8 Habitat: Navrau. Banks of Tugela River, 700 feet alt. Buchanan 207. Drawn from Buchanan's specimen, the only one in the Herbarium. | Vatves 14 line long, not $ line as quoted in the Flora Capensis. Fig 1, lower glume; 2, upper glume; 3, valve; 4, pale ; 5, pistil, stamens and lodicules ; 6, spikelet. All enlarged, PLATE 490. ERAGROSTIS HETEROMERA, Stapf (FI. Cap., Vol. VIL, p. 610). Nat. Order Graminez. PERENNIAL.—CULMS geniculate-ascending, stout, simple, over 2 feet long, clabrous, smooth, 3-noded, internodes (except the lowest) exserted ; sheaths quite elal yrous except at the usually bearded mouth, smooth, more or less coarsely striate, the lower not feomptes ca often purplish ; ligule a dense fringe of minute hairs ; blades linear, tapering to a long, fine point, 6 to 8 inches, by 14 to 2 lines long, flat or more or less involute, rauner soft, glabrous, eroeth on the lower, scaberulous on the upper side, midrib rather stout below, primary side-nerves 4-5, prominent. PanicLE oblong, nodding, 10 to 12 inches long; axis angular, striate or suleate, glabrous ; Prone somewhat irregularly arranged, in false whorls or 2-4- nate or solitar y, sub-erect, flexuous to flaccid, unequal, divided from near the base or undivided for 1 inch or more, capillary, scaberulous, the longest 4 to 6 inches long; branchlets somewhat Hees, short, contr screc | spiculate, very fine ; lateral pedicels very short. SPIKELETS linear, acute, 2 to 4 lines, by 3 to ? line, olive-green, loosely 4 to 1z-flowered ; rhachilla subpersistent, sparingly scaberulous. GLUMES very unequal, /ower a minute scale or le suppressed, rarely over line long, upper lanceolate to oblong, subacute, $ to 1 line long, hyaline, 1- Bath Valves obliquely oblong, obtuse, # to 1 line long, keel scabrid ‘and prominent like the side nerves, rigid, Aneel straight ; pales equal to the valves, keels curved and scabrid ; anthers 3 to # line long. Habitat: Narau. Near Durban, Drége, by the Umlazi River and near Maritz- burg ; Avauss, 43, by the Tugela River, 600 to 1,000 feet; Buchanan, 241 ; 245a. Drawn from Buchanan’s 241 ; 245a. Fig 1, upper glume : 2, valve; 3, pale; 4, pistil, stamens and lodicules. Ad/ enlarged. PLATE 490. STAPF, ERAGROSTIS HETEROMERA, PLATE 491. HACK, TRIRAPHIS REHMANNI, Trirapuis, R. Br. (partly). SPIKELETS 5 to 15-flowered, laterally compressed, pedicelled, panicled; rhachilla disarticulating above the glumes and between the valves. Florets perfect, the uppermost oradually reduced. GLuMES subequal, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, acuminate or truncate, or minutely 2-toothed and aristulate, 1-nerved, keeled, thin. Valves oblong, 8-lobed, thin, 3-nerved, 3-awned, the middle lobe more or less bifid, awned from the sinus, the cule feb shorter, entire, asymmetric, awned from the inner side, margins inflexed, nerves ciliate, particularly the lateral; awns fine, seabrid, often longer than the valves ; callus slender, acute, herded! Pales linear or linear-oblong, somewhat shorter than the valves. Lodicules 2, cuneate, delicate, minute. Stamens 3. Ovary glabrous, styles distinct, slender ; stigmas laterally exserted, very slender, plumose. Grain tightly embraced by the scarcely changed valve and pale, linear, terete or obtusely triquetrous ; embryo short ; hilum Bacall punctiform. ANNUAL OR PERENNIAL; blades narrow, linear; ligule a ciliate membranous rim ; panicle contracted, spike-like, or open, much branched ; spikelets distinctly pedicelled. Species : 8 in Africa, 1 in Australia, in Natal 1 only. PLATE 491. TRiRAPHIS REHMANNI, Hack. (FI. Cap., Vol. VIL, p. 651). Nat. Order Graminee. PERENNIAL, compactly czespitose, glabrous ; rhizome short, oblique. CuLMS erect or geniculate, 2 feet long, very firm, terete, striate, smooth, about 3-noded, internodes exserted ; sheaths tight, firm, smooth, striate, the basal reddish or purplish-brown, persistent, the lowest reduced to short acute bladeless scales ; blades linear, narrow, tapering to a setaceous point, usually tightly convolute, 4 to 8 inches, by 1 to 15 line (when expanded), firm, smooth, coarsely striate. PANICLE 2 to 12 inches long, contracted or open, and then 2 to 4 inches broad, erect or slightly nodding ; rhachis smooth, branches solitary or fascicled, closely or loosely branched from the base or almost so, smooth, filiform, straight or flexuous ; pedicels 4 to 14 line long. SPIKELETS subsecund, crowded, 4 to 8-flowered, 3 to 5 lines Jong; rhachilla glabrous. GuvMEs linear-oblong, erose, minutely mucronate, the dower 1 to 2 lines, the upper 14 to 24 lines long, often with a fine lateral nerve on one or both sides, Valves oblong (when expanded), not quite 2 lines long ; awns stiff, middle awn $ to 14 line long, side-awns up to 1 line long, or mere mucros ; pale g ajpouenls or the flaps hairy, keels seaberulous ; anthers # line long; grain linear, terete, & line, by 4 line. Habitat: Navrar. Near Dundee, 4000 feet, W. EL. Green 95b (Wood 7452 March. Fig 1, Spikelet: 2, glume; 3, valve: 4, pale; 5, pistil, stamens and lodicules. All enlarged, PLATE 492. PANICUM STAGNINUM, Koenig. (FI. Cap., Vol. VIL, p. 394). Nat. Order Graminee. ANNUAL OR PERENNIAL.—CuLMs erect from a geniculate or prostrate base, terete or subterete, up to 6 feet high, in tall specimens to more than 3 lines thick below, often rooting from the lower nodes, sheathed all along or some of the nodes at length exserted, often branched in the lower part ; sheaths finely striate, smooth, terete or subcarinate above, quite glabrous, rarely pubescent at the lowest nodes ; ligule a fringe of rather long stiff hairs, or sometimes 0 in the uppermost leaves ; blades linear from a scarcely narrowed usually not decurrent base, long-tapering to a fine point, 4 to more than 14 foot by 24 to 7 lines, flat, rigid or flaccid, glabrous, light green or glaucous, ann above, scabrid below, particularly i in the upper part, margins cartilaginous, scabrid to spinulous. PANICLE erect or nodding, 4 to 10 inches long, secund ; axis slender, more or less flexuous, convex or flat on the back, usually hispidulous with scattered bristles, rarely glabrous except on the scabrid angles; branches few to many, distant or rather crowded, alternate, suberect or nodding, 1 to 2 inches long, forming often stout dense 2-4-ranked simple secund sessile false spikes ; rhachis like the axis, but more slender ; pedicels 4-2-nate, extremely short, tips discoid. SPIKELETS crowded, ovate-oblong to lanceolate-ovate, 2-3 lines long, rarely less, pallid, hispid. GLUuMEs, lower ovate, thin, acuminate or mucronate, about half the length of the spikelet, 3 to sub-5-nerved ; upper oblong, thin, equalling the spikelet, concave, cordate-acuminate or produced into a short, scabrid compressed awn, 5-nerved or 7-nerved at the tips, pubescent between the hispidulous nerves. Florets, lower male or sometimes barren ; valve similar to the upper glume, but flat or depressed on the back, subhyaline except the herbaceous sides, awn 2 to 12 lines long; pale oblong, keels scabrid. Anthers when present 1 line long ; perfect floret oblong to fenecolere: oblong, mucronate-acuminate, 14 to 24 lines long, excluding the scabrid mucro, straw-coloured, smooth, shining ; Taine 5- caerved! Habitat: Narat. Near Newcastle, 3000-4000 feet, March, W. Sutherland ( Wood 10,007). “Through Tropical Africa, from the Senegal to Abyssinia, in Madagascar and India.” Drawn from the specimen collected by W. Sutherland, the only one in the Colonial Herbarium. Fig 1, A spikelet; 2, lower glume; 3, upper glume: 4, lower valve; 5, pale; 6, upper valve ; 7, pale; 8, ck Reamene “and lodicules. A// enlarged. PLATE 492. | i) Sy 19 £2 eg VAY yy, Ns i a) a ee PANICUM STAGNINUM, koen, sweeten HAASAN a ty tek, eR ee PLATE 498. SS 4 SS = = SCH N \ SS NN A 8S ae 7 Ss —— SSS — —— Vuupra, Gmel. SPIKELETS laterally compressed after flowering, on short clavate pedicels in usually more or less secund and spike- or raceme-like panicles; rhachilla slender, disarticulating above the glumes and between the fertile valves. Florets 5 to 7, long exserted from the olumes, perfect, except the reduced upper ones, or the lowest perfect and the rest reduced to empty valves. GLUMES very unequal, lower very minute or obsolete, or like the upper subulate to subulate-lanceolate, but much shorter, 1- (or the upper 3-) nerved. Valves subulate-lanceolate, passing into an awn, rounded on the back, faintly 5-nerved ; awn straight, often long ; callus small, obtusely glabrous. Pales 2-keeled, entire or minutely 2 P oathed Lodicules 2, hy valine, unequally lobed. Stamens 1-3, filaments very short : anthers usually enclosed in the floret during flowering or permanently. Ovary olabrous (in the South African species) or minutely hispid at the top; stigmas sessile, plumose, permanently enclosed in the floret, or shortly exserted at the base. Grain linear, strongly compressed from the back, concave in front, more or less adhering to the pale or also to the valve; embryo small: hilum filiform, long. ANNUAL OR PERENNIAL, slender grasses ; piedes iene very narrow, usually convolute or involute, at least when dry : panicles contracted, narrow, usually more or less secund, with short clavate pedicels. SPIKELETS subcylindric and acuminate when young, then opening out, laterally compressed ee broader upwards; flowers often cleistogamous. Species about 20, mostly in the Mediterranean region and the adjacent countries. The two species found in South Africa have been intro- duced into many parts of the world. PLATE 498. Vutrra Myvuros, Gmel. (FI. Cap., Vol. VIL, p. 724). Nat. Order Graminez. ANNUAL, tufted.—Curms slender, geniculate, ascending or suberect, $ to 14 foot high, glabrous, smooth, 2- eg 3-) noded, uppermost internode 24 to 6 inches long, usually wholly enclosed in the uppermost sheath ; ; sheaths (particularly the upper) rather loose, smooth, glabrous; ligules very short, often obtusely auricled ; blades linear, tapering to a very acute point, 1 to 6 inches by $ to 1 line, flat or in- ee when dry, or setaceous, flaccid to subrigid, finely and prominently few-ner ved, puberulous or scabrid on the upper surface, Sate glabrous and smooth. PANICLE spike-like, erect or nodding and flexuous, narrow, subsecund or secund or facing all sides, 2 to 10 inches long; rhachis filiform, acutely triquetrous, like the branches scabrid along the angles or smooth below ; branches fascicled or 2-nate and very unequal, or solitary (low est often very remote), racemose from the base or the upper reduced to a solitary spikelet, adpressed or lowest shehtly nodding ; lateral pedicels about $ line long, smooth. SPIKELETS rather rien or the lowest of the lower branches remote, 34 to 5 lines long (exclusive of the awns), loosely 3 to 6-flowered ; rhachilla joints up to # line long. GLuMEs, lower reduced to a minute scale (particularly in the ieteral spikel ets) or like the upper subulate, but much shorter (up to # line long), nerveless or l-nerved, upper 14 to 24 lines long, acute, setaceously acuminate, l-nerved. Valves linear- lenecolare, pcan in profile, 2 to 34 lines long, faintly 5-nerved, scabrid, sometimes ciliate in the upper part ; awn 3 to 10 lines long, fine, seabrid. Stamen 1; anther § to ? line long. Grain 14 to 2 lines long. Habitat: Nara. Ixopo, J. Schofield, in Government Herbarium, 8938 ; 10,489. Drawn from Schofield’s specimens. Fig 1, Spikelet; 2, lower glume; 3, upper glume; 4, valve; 5, pale; 6, pistil, stamen andl lodveules: All enlarged, Briza, Linn. SPIKELETS many flowered, laterally compressed, panicled ; rhachilla disarticulating above the glumes and between the valves ; florets hermaphrodite, the upper gradually reduced. Glumes scarious or firmly membranous, keeled or boat-shaped or saccate with the back rounded, persistent, 3- to sub-7-nerved, subequal. Valves close, firmly membranous with scarious margins or almost wholly scarious, keeled or boat-shaped or saccate with the back rounded, obtuse, acute, subacuminate or subaristate, 7-9-nerved, outer 3, or all the side-nerves spreading from a common base, rarely 5- "nerved with the side-nerves distant at the pase Pales broad, shorter than the valves, 2-keeled, keels often winged. Lodicules 2, obliquely ovate, hyaline, fleshy at the base. Stamens 3. Ovary glabrous ; styles Wont. distinct ; stigmas very slender, loosely plumose, laterally éxserted. Grain tightly embraced by ‘the hardened back of the valve and the pale, usually adherent to the latter, concavo-convex to plano-convex, usually dorsally compressed ; hilum basal, small, elliptic oblong or linear ; embryo Sail ANNUAL OR PERENNIAL ; blades flat and vather broad or convolute and narrow, ligules hyaline. Panicle effuse with capillary branchlets and pedicels and nodding spikelets, s sometimes reduced to a raceme or straight, contracted or almost spiciform. Species about 11; four mainly in the Mediterranean region, of which two have been introduced into various temperate countries, oue all over temperate Europe and Asia, the rest in South America. PLATE 494. Briza minor, Linn. (Fl. Cap., Vol. VIL, p. 709). Nat. Order Graminez. AwnnualL, glabrous.—CuLms tufted, geniculate, $ to 2 feet long, smooth or some- what rough sere 2 to 3-noded ; internodes exserted, at least ultimately ; sheaths loose, smooth, the lower thin, striate ; ligules oblong, 2-3 lines long ; blades linear to lanceolate- lines ar, acute, 2 to 8 inches, by 14 to 4h lines, flat, flaccid, more or less scabrid or almost smooth. PanicLE broadly obovate, 2 to 4 inches long and almost as broad, erect, lax, rather divaricate ; rhachis slender, straight ; branches geminate, distantly and repet atedly tri- or di-chotomously branched, ‘scabrid, filiform to capillary, the lowest up to 3 inches long ; pedicels 6-2 lines long, finely capillary, smooth above. SPIKELETS ee to ovate, very obtuse, often broader than long, 14 to 2 lines long, 4 to 7-flowered, nodding, green, rarely purplish below. GriuMeEs thinly scarious, horizontally spreading, subequal, obtuse or subacute, 3-nerved, 1 to 14 line long. Valves very close, very broadly cordate-ovate, very obtuse with the fips often inflexed, very gibbous below, 1 to 1+ line long, glabrous, 7-nerved, the ale -nerves joining at the base, hyaline margins very broad ; pales elliplic’s scarcely 3 4 line long, finely winged, wings very minutely ciliolate ; lodicules up to ¢ line long ; anthers almost } line Tong in the lower florets, much smaller in the upper ; grain shortly oblong, truncate, convexo-concave or subtriquetrous, broadly grooved, °3 line long. Mediter ‘anean regions ; introduced into many parts of the world. Habitat: Narav. Near Durban, Wood, in Government Herbarium, 10,450. Fig 1, Lower glume ; 2, upper glume ; 3, valve in profile; 4, same, front view ; 5, pale ; 6, pistil, stamens and lodicules. Ad enlarged. PLATE 494. BX NB a ES Bice ——=> a > =e eK ‘= Se; WSS SSS =o =e Bi NY h\\YF \ SA AY y Trae So Oa SOE FT LINAS = BRIZA MINOR , LINN, PLATE 4985. — LOLIUM MULTIFLORUM, tam. PLATE 495. LoLium MULTIFLORUM, Lam. (FI. Cap., Vol. VIL, p. 739). Nat. Order Graminex. ANNUAL.—Cttms fascicled, geniculate ascending or erect, 14 to 3 feet long, glabrous, smooth or slightly rough i in the upper part, 4-5-noded, internodes at length more or less exserted, s simple or branched below. LEAVES glabrous ; sheaths striate, smooth, lower sometimes purplish ; hgule very short, truncate from an auricled base ; blades linear, long tapering to a very slender point, 4 to 8 inches, by 1 to 23 lines, flat, somewhat “rigid, scabrid on the upper side and along the margins ; spikes erect, 3 to 1 foot long, of numerous (12 to 30) spikelets ; axis rather slender, smooth except at the scabrid margins ; inter- nodes (except the lowest) distinctly shorter than the spikelets. SPIKELETS strongly compressed from the side, elliptic-oblong, 6 to 8 lines Jong, obliquely erect, 9 to 11 flowered, uppermost floret lone exserted from the glume. (GFLUMES, upper narrow, oblong, subobtuse, somewhat rounded on the back, equalling the contiguous floret. or nearly so, strongly 7-nerved. Valves awned or muticous, oblong, 2 4 to 3 lines long, subherbaceous- chartaceous, light green or tinged with purple above, 5. nerved, smooth ; awn (when present) straight, very fine, 23 to 4 lines long, close to the short hy raline minutely 2-toothed tip ; keels of pales green, crested, scabrid ; anthers 14 to 2 lines long ; grain linear-oblong, semiterete, 14 line long, deeply channelled in front, adhering to valve and pale. Habitat: Navan. Polela, W.S. Hvans, October, 1905 ; Government Herbarium, 10,772 ; also without precise locality, mixed with Buchanan's No, 50, in Govern- ment Herbarium, No. 10,773. Also in Cape Colony. A native of Central Europe and the Mediterranean countries. Introduced in Natal and Cape Colony. Fig 1, A spikelet; 2, upper glume; 3, valve: 4, pale: 5, pistil, stamens and lodicules. All enlarged. PLATE 496. ANDROPOGON TRANSVAALENSIS, Stapf. (Fl. Cap., Vol. VIL, p. 363). Nat. Order Graminew. PrRENNIAL, tufted.—Cutms erect, subgeniculate, simple, slender, over 3 feet long, terete, glabrous, 5-noded below the panicle ; sheaths tight, glabrous, the lower ‘sinh short, persistent, keeled above, fugaciously and adpressedly hairy, the upper much shorter than the internodes ; ligules membranous, rounded, up to 1 line long ; blades narrow, linear, tapering to a long setaceous point, up to 1 foot, by 14 line, Hat or convolute above, rigid, glabrous, scabrid in the upper part. PANICLE consisting of about 12 erect 2-5-nate simple, lone filiform branches from lone narrow spathiform sheaths bearing filiform or setaceous blades ; spathes finely linear, acute, 2 to 23 inches lone, olabrous, reddish ; common peduncles filiform, exserted near the tip of “the spathe, the exserted part flexuous, ¢ to 1 inch long, pubescent and bearded with long tubercle-based hairs, dark purple. Racemes con- tiguous, 6 to 8 lines long, one sessile, ns other on a fugaciously hairy purple peduncle, . joints filiform, obliq uely truncate, 14 line long, dark pur] ple. densely ciliate with rigid cane hairs ; meee very ae “usually produced into a fine subulate membranous appendage, facing the upper glume. SPIKELETS, sessile ones 2 to 4 in each raceme, perfect with the exception of the lowest, which is male like the pedicelled ; perfect spikelets linear-eblong, 24 lines long, purple, hairy, callus acute, bearded, up to $ line lone. GLuMES, /ower subchartaceous, truncate, dorsally flattened, sometimes shallowly pitted, intracarinal nerves 5, prominent above almost throughout or evanescent below, hairs scattered all over or enniee hear upper mareins ; wpper obtuse, 3-nerved, hairy above ; lower valve almost equalling the glumes, linear, obtuse, sub-2-nerved, scantily ciate ; upper shortly 2-lobed, ciliate, 3- nerved near the base, awn about 1 inch lone, slender, pubescent and kneed below the middle : pale 0; male spikelets narrowly lanceolate, up to 3-34 lines long, muticous, hairy or lowest glabrous, 7-9-nerved, keels scantily and rigidly ciliate above ; upper acute, hairy or glabrous, long ciliate ; valves almost equi alline the glumes, ciliate, dower 3, upper L-nerved. Intermediate between A, Dregeanus and A. filipendulus, Habitat: Navrar. Dundee, IV. 4. Green 88, March, 1899, 4000-5000 feet alt. (Government Herbarium 8107) ; same locality, Green 50, December, 1898 (Govern- ment Herbarium 8120). Fig 1, Spikelets. Sessle spikelets—2, Lower glume; 3, upper glume ; 4, lower valve: 5, pale ; 6, ovary and lodicules; 7, upper valve with base of awn. Pedicelled spikelets—s, Lower glume ; 9, upper glume; 10, lower valve : 11, upper valve. All enlarged. PLATE 496. ANDROPOGON TRANSVAALENSIS, starr ‘ ‘ ry - - Gs03, @ v 7 > : ay . Voy. * : v ‘Se, f y ate er at te a er -. " s ar . i) , on 7 - Wy . . ' oe . , ' ri ‘ 5 - I v= 9 1" 4 1 2 7 Day E ' H i Pri ear ty yt i . § 5 A F , am, t » 1 . ny A A ‘ oer i f 1 ' ' ' i ‘ \ : : . a . , r 4 7 Sd ' : 7 A f 7 i” 7 . ' ' . x ‘ ‘ f A a . 7 { ‘ a 5 : ¢ ; ; \ : 5 7 5 i Ly . . \ : j 1 : 1 i a ; ‘ A ' . foe oF . i‘ ’ a ' - ' ' ‘ ty $ i ' : i! ‘ 1 ‘ , on ‘ 7 . 7 : : ' : - ' hat . \ 7 4 i ’ i 7 - ‘ - ’ mepeee oy . 5 i q ‘ . PLATE 497. AGROSTIS SUAVIS, sraer. PLATE 497. AGROSTIS SUAVIS, Stapf. (New Bulletin, 1908, ined). Nat. Order Gramine. PERENNIAL, laxly ceespitose, innovation shoots extravaginal, suddenly ascending or stoloniferous. Cums erect about 2 feet long to base of panicle, 3 to 5-noded, glabrous, simple, internodes exserted, produced before flowering to 8 to 5 inches beyond the mouth of the sheath. Sheaths very lax above, olabrous, smooth, the lowest purple, ligules hyaline, oblong, 25 lines long ; blades narrow-linear, shortly acute, plaited in dried specimens, up to 6 inches lone (upper ones 14 to 18 lines long), spreading to 1 line wide, very green, glabrous, sc aberulous towards the apex, very narrowly sulcate on the face to near dies aiddle ie ‘tween the primary nerves, primary nerves on each side usually 4. PANICLE divaricate, lax, obovate or oblong, more than 11 inches long, 6 to 8 inches wide, /ower branches semiverticillate, 4-5-nate, upper 2-nate, mostly undivided for 10 to 14 lines (some for 24 inches) then twice or three times or four times divided into branchlets, the longer 44 inches lone, filiform, smooth below, scaberulous above, pedicels capillary, terminal up to 9 lines long, lateral ones 14 line long. SPIKELETS 2 to 24 lines long, straw often suffused with purple. Rhachilla reduced to a fascicle of hairs scarcely $ line long. GLUMES equal, lanceolate, acute, l-nerved, scarious. Valves seen from the side narrowly lanceolate, ovate lancéolate when expanded, 1§ line long, shortly bifid, 5-nerved, lateral nerves excurrent in mucros, laxly clothed with fine hairs on the back, awn setiform, straight, inserted a little below the middle ; pales hyaline, 2-nerved, truncate, a little shorter than the valves, glabrous. Anthers not seen, grain linear- oblong, # line lone. Habitat: Navan. Van Reenen, 5500 feet alt., January, Wood 8913 Dr. Stapf says of this grass :—‘ Closely related to d. ervantha, Hack., but dis- tinguished by the divaricate effuse panic le, distant from the top of the leaf, with 4-5-nate semiverticillate branches.” He also says :—* This differs from A. ervantha, Hack., a native of the Transvaal, solely in the form of the panicle. Mature specimens of A. eriantha, communicated by Messrs. Sutton, have the same narrow contracted panicle as Sc hlechter’s younger flowering type samples, and the branches of their panicles are throughout geminate. On the other hand, all of Wood's specimens at Kew (4 sheets) exhibit the form described above. Fig 1, Floret ; 2, glume ; 3, valve, inner view; 4, same in profile; 5, pale: 6, pistil and Jodicules, All enlarged, PLATE 498. PANICUM CAPILLARE, Linn. (FI. Cap., Vol. VIL. p. 407). Nat. Order Graminex. Annvuat.—Curms fascicled, erect, or ascending, 1 to 2 feet high, robust, about 5-noded with flowering branches from some or most of the nodes. sheathed all along, elabrous or hairy below the panicle or nodes. Leaves more or less (often very copiously) hirsute or villous, rarely subglabrous ; sheaths lax ; ligules membranous up to 4 line long, ciliate ; blades linear to linear- lanceolate, long tapering to a fine point, subrigid to flaccid, margins scabrid. Panic ie often very large, decompound, Ls contracted, then opening out from the top downwards, up to 1 foot or more by $ foot ; rhachis angular, often sparsely hairy, smooth below, scabrid above ; branches solitary, subopposite or 3-nate, or irregularly approximate, filiform, angular, scabrid, undivided for + to 1 inch from the base, then repeatedly and very laxly diced: ae longest up to 1 faae long ; branchlets lone, finely filiform to capillary at length divaricate, scabrid ; pedicels ver vy unequal, from 4 line to more than 4 4 inch long, capillary , very scabrid, tips subclavs ate. SPIKELETS Oblong to lanceolate-oblong, acuminate, from less than 1 to 14 line long, greenish or purplish, glabrous. GiuMES, lower broadly ovate, acute, equalling about half of the spikelet, 3 to sub-5-nerved ; upper oblong, acuminate, from less than 1 to 1} line long, 5- to 7-nerved ; lower floret reduced to the valve, which very much resembles the upper glume. Perfect floret oblong, subacute, $ to § line long, very smooth, shining, yellowish ; valve faintly 7-nerved ; anthers 4 line long. A native of North America, introduced elsewhere. Habitat: Narau. Near Maritzbure, St. George (Wood 8880), December 1898. Fig 1, Spikelet; 2, lower glume ; 3, upper glume; 4, lower valve: 5, upper valve ; 6, pale ; 7, pistil, stamens and lodicules, Al/ enlarged. PLATE 498 PANICUM CAPILLARE, t/nn, PLATE 499. ANDROPOGON SCHLE PLATE 499. ANpDROPOGON SCHLECHTER, Hackel. (Bull., Herb., Boissier, No. 9, 1906). Nat. Order Graminew. PERENNIAL, innovation shoots intravaginal. CuLms erect, slender, about 12 inches high, sube ompressed, 3 to 4-noded, branching from the 2 or 5 upper nodes, branches solitary or in pairs, very slender, /ower elongate, upper short, all floriferous. Sheaths much shorter than the internodes of the ole: subcompressed, rather lax and glabrous at the nodes, the wpper or two upper spathiform, 9 to 14 lines long, leafless, becoming rufous, the dower 6 or 8 densely crowded at the base of the ce “ulm, equitant below, above flabellate, subcompressed, glabrous, rigid, becoming fuscous with age ; ligule very short, membranaceous, arcu: ite; bk: de fleas from an equal base, acute, alee or those of the innovation shoots subconvolute, the lowest elongate (to 8 inches long), the upper much shorter, all erect, rigid, green or becoming bluish purple, the basal pilose above, the others glabrous, finely nerved. Racemes solitary at the ends of the culms and branches, the base of the slender glabrous cla ge included in the sheath, subtended a and often overtopping (r arely shorter than) the spathe, erect, 5 to 9 lines long, 14 to 2 lines broad, densely flowered ; rhachilla joints straight, more than twice shorter than the spikelets, slender, glabrous, subcupulate at apex. Sessile spikelets linear-lanceolate, 2 to 2} line long, turning violet blue, glabrous. Lower glume chartaceous-membranaceous, linear-lancec late, acute, subentire or minutely bi- denticulate, inargins inflexed, 2-nerved, 2-keeled, smooth, plane ; callus very short, obtuse, glabrous ; upper glume subequalling the lower, lanceolate, acuminate, mueronulate l-nerved, keeled, glabrous. Lower valve a little shorter than lower olume, linear-oblone, obtuse or acute, hyaline, nerveless, glabrous ; wpper valve a quarter shorter than the upper glume, ‘linear-lanceolate, acute, muticous, hyaline, nerveless, elabrous ; pale 0. Lodicules cuneate. Anthers very minute w hour pollen. Stigma shor tly plumose. Pedwelled sprkelet male, pedicel shorter than the joint, lanceolate, 2- -24 lines long, glabrous. Lower glume lanceolate, acute, 9-nerved, upper glume equalling the lower, acuminate, d-nerved ; lower and upper valves subequalling the lower glume, lanceolate, acute, L-nerved, hyaline ; anthers 1 line long. Habitat: Narav. In damp places, Clairmont, 20 feet alt., Schlechter 3143 ; Krantzkloof, Schlechter 3209 ; Clairmont, 20 feet alt., Wood 8543, September. Fig 1, Raceme. Sessile spikelet—2, Lower glume; 3, upper glume: 4, lower valve; gl, Sessile sp pwer glume ; re 56, upper valve; 6, pistil, stamens and lodicules. Pedicelled spikelet—7, Lower glume; 8, upper glume ; 9, lower valve; 10, upper valve ; 11, stamens and lodicules. All enlarged. PLATE 500. IscreMuM Franxsa&, J. M. Wood. (New Bulletin, 1908, ined.) Nat. Order Graminee. Compactly cwspitose, intravagini al innovation shoots and flowering culms closely congested, cov ered at the base after fires with the old persistent hardened sheaths. Cuums slender, & inches high, 1 to 3-noded, glabrous except the upper internode which is pilose below the inflorescence with ate or grey hairs. Lower sheaths of the leaves laterally compressed, keeled, hard, pilose, at length olabrescent, those of the culms rather more lax, wpper narrower, becoming purple pubescent, éflen longer than the interncdes ; ligules reduced to a ring of hairs ; blade setaceously filiform, acute, laterally compressed, in transverse section semi-oblong, plane on the face, or those of the culms subchannelled, those of the innovation shoots 8 inches (or more) long, 4 t line broad (7.e., as compressed , bright green, smooth, glabrous, or near the base pilose. Racemes becoming purple, 2-3, erect, 10 lines to 24 inches Jong, shortly peduncled, peduncles ashy grey, pilose, hel rded at the base, sometimes supported by subulate bracts, up to 5 lines or more long ; joints clavate, triquetrous, white pilose on the outer side, 2 to 3 lines long. Sessile spikelets oblong-lanceolate, acute, 38 to + lines long ; /ower glume white bearded at base, chartaceous, dorsally flattened, mostly rough tubere ulate on the keels and intracarinal nerves, the tubercles on the keels bearing 1-2 white, short, rigid hairs, nerves seen from the front green, 8-9, including the keels ; upper glume boat-shaped, equalling the lower one, membranaceous, 5-nerved, the boat-shaped Rea ney ciliate, margins ciliolate ; /ower floret male, valve oblong- lanceclate, 24 to 3 lines long, hyaline, becoming purple, 3-nerved, minutely Hein eat on the back, ciliolate, pale 2-nerved, hy aline, s subequalling the valve ; upper floret perfect, valve at apex minutely tridentate, the middle tooth mucronulate, otherwise similar to the lower floret. Anther 2 lines lone. Pedicelled sprkelet on clavate outwardly pilose pedicels 3 lines long, supported by the sessile, similar except that the glumes have but 3 intracarinal nerves, and the valve of the upper floret which is male or hermaphrodite is scarcely tridentate. Habitat: Narav. Tabamblope, 6000-8000 feet alt., J. Wylie (in Herbarium, Wood 10,540), October, 1907. Of this grass we have but few specimens, and all of the one gathering ; they had been growing amongst grass which had recently been burned off, so the length of leaves and culms must for the present remain doubtful. This grass has been named after Miss Pranks, Assistant in the Government Herbarium, hy dissected it, and has made all the drawings and Bee in Vol. V. of “Natal Plants,” which volume includes grasses only. Dr. Stapf says of this grass :--‘S A very distinct species, differing from all others by the very narrow leaves, iy the spikelets of the pairs being almost alike, the lower elumes without wings flattened dorsally, tuberculate on the keels and hae coat nerves.’ He also says: ‘* Mr. Wood's description has been amplified from the excellent material which he was good enough to communicate to Kew. Technically this striking species would come under the section Ewischemum, but I have not been able to make out its exact affinities.” Fig 1, Lower glume; 2, upper glume: 3, lower valve; 4, pale: 5, stamens and lodicules ; 6, upper valve; 7, pale ; 8, pistil, stamens and lodicules. All enlarged. IPILVNIUI@; (016). ISCHEMUM FRANKSA, vy. m. wooo Andropogon Buchanani, Stapf. ee distachyus, L. ... “ pertusus, Willd., var. capensis, Hack. ‘5 Schimperi, Hochst 6 Schlechteri, Hack. 4 transvaalensis, Stapf. Agrostis suavis, Stapf. re g ] Aristida barbicollis, Trin. ..... , bipartita, Trin. and Rupr. 1 l 7 congesta, Trin. and Rupr. % vestita, Thb. nee Brachypodium flexum, Nees. .... Briza minor, L.... Bromus leptocladus, Nees. us. ag maximus, Desf. . natalensis, Stapf. Be unioloides, H.B.K.... Calamagrostis Huttonw, Hack. Chloris Gayana, Kth. 54 3 petrwa, Thb. a a6 pycnothrix, Trin. ae 63 virgata, Swartz aed Crossotropis grandiglumis, Rendle Ctenium concinnum, Nees. a Cynodon dactylon, Pers. Dactylocteniunm egyptiacum, Willd. Digitaria debilis, Willd. 3 flaccida, Stapf Diplachne biflora, Hack. a se Eleusine, Nees. wus i fusca, Beauy. oe Ehrharta calycina, Sm. ee - erecta, Lam., var. natalensis, Stapf. Eleusine coroccana, Gaertn. ... ao indica, Gaertn. ee Eragrostis aspera, Nees. - Atherstonei, Stapf. a3 brizoides, Nees. . cesia, Stapf. si ° 468 465 466 467 499 496 497 401 483 484 402 462 494 450 458 460 461 482 437 438 4565 436 $45 433 430 441 469 470 411 489 410 447 446 440 439 424 426 422 412 Eragrostis chaleantha, Trin. ... = Chapelhieri, Nees. oe} = chloromelas, Steud ae 5 etharis, Link. oe on : y curvula, Nees., var. valida, Stapf. an r gangetica, Steud. .. _ eummiflua, Nees. ... Ms is heteromera, Stapf. ... a 6 7 Lappula, Nees. ae rs ; major, Host. ves ei - namaquensis, Nees, var. robusta, Stapf. ... . nebulosa, Stapf. ... fies ss os plana, Nees. ae mae - patentissima, Hack. aie _ superba, Peyr. ae ei Festuca costata, Nees. Dy, ; 5 scabra, Vahl. Mes : Fingerhuthia sesleriwformis, Nees. : ; Harpechloa capensis, Kth. ios Holcus lanata, L. ... oe : Ischemum Franks, J. M. Wood ee oa Leersia hexandra, Sw. - ' Leptocarydion Vulpiastrum, Stapf. ; ss Lolium multiflorum, Lam. ae ae re . temulentum, L. ee : re Melica racemosa, Thb. ite : Mierochloa altera, Stapf., var. Nelsoni, Stapf. ; “3 cattra, Necs. = ie : Olyra latifolia, L.... = : Panicum arrectum, Hack. ; eS ~ vapillare, L. essh 503 d Be chusqueoides, Hack. g Crus-galli, L. sis os Sia ‘s curvatum, LL. ne ae ae 3 hymeniochilum, Nees, var. glandulosum, Nees. 7 miliare, Lam. an oe 55 perlaxum, Stapf... oa oe ‘5 pyramidale, Lam. ... seh a 5 stagninum, Koen. ... ai ae Pennisetum typhoideum, Rich. a a Perotis latifolia, Ait. sak aw : Phalaris arundinacea, L. wise as F minor, Retz. te se Poa annua, L. nae Ane _ ; 55 binata, Nees. . . ies as ay s tiivialisy Io, ase it ne = Pogonarthria faleata, Rendle ... on oe Potamophila prehensilis, Bth. ... din as re se 444 Setaria aurea, A. Br. ar ee os Sei = 479 Sporobolus centrifugus, Nees. ... ae os a os 406 festivus, Hochst., var. stuppeus, Stapf... a - 405 ae fimbriatus, Nees. ... aa Py a af: 486 93 indicus, R. Br. ar ne oe oe was 408 5 pungens, Kth. aes au ae ae oe 487 es Rehmanni, Hack. ... Bes ee = a 407 . subtilis, Kth. as ~~ a . te 488 Stiburus alopecuroides, Stapf. ae a ve a 452 Stipa Dregeana, Steud. a de os bas me 485 Tragus racemosus, All. bes ae ie iS te 404 Triraphis Rehmanni, Hack. ... sae Bes ae 49] Vulpia Myuros, Gmel. aes ee se ns =i 493 NOTES. © ® © So far as at present known to us, the whole of the grasses of the Colony are figured and described in Volumes 3 and 5° of this work, with the sole exception of Arundinaria tesselata, Munro ; of this species we have culms and leaves, but no inflorescence, and we have not been able to obtain it. Two new species are described, viz.: Agrostis suavis, Stapf., and Ischemum Frankse, Wood. Eragrostis Lehmanniana, Nees., has been credited to Natal by mistake, not having been collected in the Colony so far as at present known. The following species are described in the Flora Capensis, with the exception of Calamagrostis Huttone, Hack., but Natal is not credited with them. Specimens of the whole of them, collected in the Colony, are in the Colonial Herbarium, and, with the exception of Bromus commutatus, Schrad., are figured in this work :-— Andropogon Ruprechtu, Hack. ... sis re South Africa, 55 transyaalensis, Stapf. a oe A Aristida equiglumis, Hack. bie sis we ie re angustata, Stapf. di aa sea 3 a vestita, Thb. ... Briza minor, L. . Bromus commutatus, Schrad. Bs maximus, Desf. Calamagrostis Huttonew, Hack. Digitaria monodactyla, Stapf. - setifolia, Stapf. Diplachne fusca, Beauv. Eragrostis Atherstonei, Stapf. Holeus lanatus, L. ... Lolium multiflorum, Lam. Panicum levifolium, Hacl . f Ecklon, Nees. . capillare, L.... Phalaris minor, Retz. ... Setaria perennis, Hack. Triraphis Renmanni, Hack. Vulpia Myuros, Gmel. Introdueed. South Africa. $3 Introduced. South Africa. Tntroduced. South Africa. Introduced. 3s South A friea. Che} Introduced. Rottbeellia hordeoides, Munro, MSS. in Harvey’s Genera of South African Plants is Urelytrum squarrosum, Hack., in Volume 2, Plate 110 of this work. Panicum colonum, L., in * Handbook to the Flora of Natal,” is a variety of Panicum Crus-g@alh, L., which is figured in Volume 5 of same work, Plate 473. Panicum Q Spreng, figured in Volume 5 of same work, Plate 148, gossypinum, A. Rich, in the above-named Handbook, is P. serratum, ‘7, E . : LIBRARIES 616 i mW 4 j= 2 OF 2Z2== OO ie — re —) fa" t ” (a9) IMI Fe mimtgrd-oratenn Sanam ee fe ee