Historic, archived document
Do not assume content reflects current scientific knowledge, policies, or practices.
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Service
APHIS 91-39
National Tick Surveillance Program Calendar Year 1986
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National Tick Surveillance Program Calendar Year 1986
During calendar year 1986, the collection and submission of ticks from native and imported animals plus plant and animal material was 55 percent greater than in 1985. There were 7,819 collections in 1986; 5,037 in 1985; 7,213 in 1984; and 10,207 in 1983.
Exotics in the United States
There has long been an interest in exotic animals in the United States, especially those species originating in Africa and Asia. This trend has accelerated in recent years, particularly in Texas. As exotic species have become endangered in their native homelands due to habitat destruction and increasing human population, there has been a sincere desire to preserve these species by providing them habitat in the Unites States. Many of these species come from areas of Africa and Asia not unlike those of the southwestern United States. Ranchers maintain these animals for various reasons, including the propagation of endangered species as a hobby, or to be hunted or harvested for profit.
The number of ranches with exotics has increased in recent years. In Texas these exotics are often called “Texotics.” The Exotic Wildlife Association estimated in 1986 that some 600 ranches in Texas had one or more species of exotics. In 1984, a census by the Texas Department of Parks and Wildlife revealed 120,201 non-native game animals in Texas with at least 59 species represented. This compares to 71,500 such animals in 1979 and 13,000 in 1963. Preserves are also present in Florida, Hawaii, New Mexico, and other States. Some of the more interesting “Texotics” include sable antelopes, wildebeests, giraffes, oryxes, elands, nilgai, axis deer, sika deer, Pere David’s deer, rhinoceroses, and zebras.
If not properly managed, some introduced species may increase to levels that threaten competing native species of wildlife. Some species may damage or destroy certain types of fragile habitat. A significant hazard with exotics exists if they are not properly inspected and tested, since they have the potential for introducing foreign animal diseases and parasites into the United States. As recently as 1984, Amblyomma hebraeum, a vector of heartwater (Cowdria ruminantium), was found in Texas on black rhinoceroses which had been imported from South Africa. Other potentially hazardous foreign ticks collected from recently imported exotic wild animals in past years include Amblyomma variegatum, Rhipicephalus evertsi, R. pulchellus, R. appendiculatus, R. bursa, and Boophilus microplus.
It is essential that all imported non-native, game-type animais, particularly the hoofed mammals, be properly quarantined, inspected, tested, and treated before being released on the range with native wildlife and domestic livestock. Many of these species share diseases and parasites with our native wildlife and livestock. Devastating diseases such as foot-and- mouth disease, rinderpest, African swine fever, and African
horse sickness can be introduced by clinically inapparent carrier animals. Several of the important tick-borne diseases that could be introduced on tick-infested animals include heartwater, babesiosis, anaplasmosis, and theileriasis. Federal and State animal health personnel, private veterinarians, wildlife biologists, and animal owners should carefully observe wildlife and livestock and immediately report suspected diseases and parasites to veterinary regulatory officials in the respective States. Veterinary Services Memorandum No. 591.24, entitled “Diagnostic Assistance Available to Zoos and Game Farms” (January 13, 1987), is available from the Federal Area Veterinarian-in-Charge of each State. It provides information on the services offered by the National Veterinary Services Laboratories, including the Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, for the diagnosis of suspected exotic animal diseases and parasites.
Tropical Bont Tick and Heartwater Disease Feasibility Study
Resolution No. 7 of the 1986 U.S. Animal Health Association meeting urged the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the Agency for International Development (AID) to fully support the principle of eradication of Amblyomma variegatum in the Caribbean region.
In late 1986, a study group of 10 persons with representatives from the USDA, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Office of International Cooperation and Development (OICD), and Inter- American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA) was formed to write a feasibility proposal for management of the tropical bont tick and heartwater in the Caribbean. In addition to the 10 members of the study group, there were 8 specialists from the United States, Great Britain, France, the Netherlands, Guadelaupe, and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (Rome, Italy) added to the study group as consultants. A draft proposal prepared in early December 1986 included the following:
1. An introduction to the problem.
2. Current information on the distribution of Amblyomma variegatum, heartwater, and dermatophilosis in the Caribbean.
3. Veterinary infrastructure and animal health regulations. 4. Economics.
5. Research requirements.
6. Management strategies and proposed budget.
7. Organizational framework.
In January 1987, a second meeting of the feasibility group was held in Washington, DC. The final version of the economic
study was prepared and will be presented to the members of the Caribbean Economic Community.
United States-Mexico Tick Technical Meeting
A joint meeting of tick research and eradication personnel from the United States and Mexico was held in McAllen, Texas, April 8 and 9, 1986. The meeting was hosted by the United States, and the participants included leading research and eradication officials from the two countries. The purpose of the meeting, latest in a series with Mexico, was to exchange information on research and eradication activities with regard to Boophilus annulatus and B. microplus in the United States and Mexico.
Some of the important topics discussed by U.S. personnel included:
1. The status of tick eradication in the United States.
2. Report on an experimental system for degrading coumaphos in the dip vat.
3. A discussion of new and promising tickicides by industry representatives.
4. The current status of Boophilus research by the ARS, including coumaphos resistant strains of B. microplus, effects of flumethrin pour-on against B. annulatus, genetic studies on Boophilus ticks, a study of biological and behavioral comparability between wild and hybrid Boophilus males, and the relationship between white-tailed deer and Boophilus ticks.
5. Investigations on the status of babesiosis in south Texas.
6. The survival of Boophilus on south Texas rangelands.
Topics discussed by the Mexican officials and researchers included:
1. Policies of tick eradication in Mexico.
2. Tick resistance in Mexico.
3. Diagnosis of blood parasites.
4. Evaluation of new acaricides.
5. The current status of tick eradication in Mexico.
Following the formal meeting, the participants toured the new
USDA, ARS, Cattle Fever Tick Research Laboratory in Mission, Texas.
Boophilus Tick Eradication in Texas
Tick eradication activities for 1986 were successful and relatively uneventful. Range conditions were very favorable following generous rainfall during the fall and winter months. All of the premises quarantined in the 22 additional counties in Texas, as the result of the Cameron County outbreak in December 1985, have been released. However, the Temporary Preventative Quarantine in Cameron County remains in effect.
In 1986, Veterinary Services Tick Eradication personnel apprehended 74 head of livestock from Mexico along the Texas-Mexico border from Brownsville to Del Rio. This compares to 105 head apprehended in 1985. Thirty of the 1986 apprehensions were cattle of which four were infested with Boophilus ticks. Thirty-four apprehensions were horses of which two were tick infested.
Boophilus Microplus Eradication in Puerto Rico
Efforts to eradicate Boophilus from Puerto Rico continued under the cooperative program between the USDA and the Puerto Rico Department of Agriculture. During 1986 an additional eradication zone was established in the Southwestern part of the island with headquarters in Guanica. This brings the number of eradication zones to three, other headquarters being located in Arecibo and Juncos.
Due to the extensive activity in the eradication program, manual data processing has been verydifficult. The field data is now being computerized, based on information obtained from a complete inspection (“scratching”) of the livestock in the three eradication zones. The “scratch” provided data on the: (1) incidence and distribution of B. micropl/us and (2) an accurate census of livestock, owners, and premises. The computerized records greatly assist in rapidly determining the status of all livestock operations in the eradication zones. This computerized data allows for more accurate planning, budgeting, and execution for the eradication program.
Funding for the Boophilus eradication program comes from three sources: a Food and Nutrition Service (USDA-FNS) block grant, $8.6 million; Veterinary Services (USDA-APHIS- VS), $1.5 million; and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico Department of Agriculture (PRDA), $1.0 million. Funding this year permitted the acquisition of vehicles and equipment to permit the expansion mentioned above.
Amblyomma Variegatum in Puerto Rico
The main island of Puerto Rico is essentially free of A. variegatum. Those herds that have not completed the 2-year treatment-inspection cycle are now within the Boophilus eradication schedule; rather than being scratched every 30 days, they are treated every 21 days. The last A. variegatum
collection on the main island was a male collected on November 29, 1985.
Program policy was changed in regard to the smaller islands of Culebra and Vieques. Animals on Vieques are not treated on a scheduled basis, although this service is available at nominal cost. Owners may apply for movement passes to transport animals off the island, and once animals are inspected and found clean, they are treated and allowed to move to their destination. Those destined for slaughter are treated and escorted to the abattoir. Although managed herds were put through routine treatment cycles, the feral cattle on the island prevented a successful eradication effort. Plans to deal with the issue are being formulated.
Animals on Culebra receive routine treatment for tick control. One herd is known to be currently positive for A. variegatum. Eradication efforts have produced limited success. Animals on the island may be moved to slaughter only after treatment and under escort.
1986 Boophilus Research Highlights Cattle Fever Tick Research Laboratory, USDA, Agricultural Research Service
Because of the occurrence of acaricide resistance within populations of Boophilus microplus in Mexico, there is a possibility that acaricide resistant ticks could be introduced into the United States. Such an introduction should not create an unmanageable problem, but additional research is needed to characterize the nature of the resistance and to test the efficacy of presently available and new acaricides. Therefore, research on acaricide resistant B. microplus continues to be a high priority at the Cattle Fever Tick Research Laboratory in Mission, Texas.
Each of 13 generations of a strain of B. microplus from Tuxtla, Chiapas, Mexico, have been exposed to increasingly higher concentrations of coumaphos to select a highly resistant strain of ticks. Ten groups of F,,larvae out of 42 had survival rates of 70 percent or greater after exposure to 1.0 percent coumaphos. Groups of F,, Tuxtla strain larvae, ca. 45 times less susceptible to coumaphos than non-resistant ticks, were placed on Hereford heifers at intervals prior to dipping so that when the cattle were dipped in 0.165 percent coumaphos, they would be infested with all three parasitic life stages of the resistant ticks. Simultaneously, an equal number of heifers were infested with larvae of a susceptible strain. The percent control of the susceptible strain was 99.6, but the percent control of the resistant strain was 82.0.
Evaluations of several new acaricides are planned, and tests of flumethrin, a pyrethroid, have been completed. Two different flumethrin formulations, a pour-on and an emulsifiable concentrate, were evaluated. One ml. of 1 percent flumethrin pour-on per 10 kg of body weight was applied evenly along
the midline of the back from in front of the shoulders to the tailhead to a group of cattle infested with all the parasitic life stages of B. annulatus. A second group of cattle, similarly infested with B. annulatus, were treated by spraying them with the emulsifiable concentrate at a concentration of 0.003 percent. Both formulations proved to be very efficacious. The percent control obtained with the pour-on was 97 and with the spray was 99.9. An evaluation of cyhalathrin, another pyrethroid, is scheduled for this summer. A dipping test of a wettable powder formulation of amitraz is underway at the present time.
The first year of funding for a 3-year pilot test of the sterile hybrid male Boophilus eradication method became available during FY 1987. When a lease agreement for pasture is reached with the Government of the United States Virgin Islands, the test will be initiated on St. Croix. A number of significant technical problems, including how to distribute the hybrid larvae, must be resolved if this technique is to become a component of an eradication campaign. The pilot test will provide an opportunity to resolve technical problems and to assess the practical potential of the method.
In spite of a variety of past attempts to determine the role of white-tailed deer in the ecology of B. annulatus, the degree to which deer contribute to dissemination and maintenance of this species has not been defined. Recent studies at Mission, which involved the use of confined, but unrestrained, deer infested repeatedly with B. annulatus larvae, have further elucidated this host-parasite relationship. Only 3 percent of the larvae on deer survive to become engorged females. This compares to 30 percent of those on cattle. Also, the engorged females from the deer were significantly smaller than ticks which engorged on cattle. If deer are restained and cannot groom themselves, as hosts they are equally as suitable as cattle. It appears that the grooming behavior of deer reduces their importance as hosts of B. annulatus.
For the past year, U.S. Livestock Insect Research Laboratory scientists have been collaborating with ARS colleagues at the Insects Affecting Man and Animals Research Laboratory in Gainsville, Florida, on the development of an improved computer simulation of a Boophilus tick population model. This model will contribute to the development and testing of various eradication strategies, including the sterile hybrid male Boophilus eradication technology. A number of investigations to fill gaps in our knowledge of the ecology of Boophilus ticks are providing information to be used in the computer simulation model. A 2-year field study of the effect of climate on the development and survival of B. microplus, B. annulatus, and hybrid Boophilus ticks is more than half completed. Hybrid male Boophilus ticks derived from a cross between B. annulatus males and B. microplus females were equally competitive or superior to B. microplus males in studies of mating competitiveness. Investigations of host-seeking behavior demonstrated that within 4 days after hatching, over
half of the B. microp/us and B. annulatus larvae that hatch on a given day will attach and feed on the host.
Knowledge of fundamental aspects of the genetics of Boophilus ticks are critical steps in development of genetic control approaches. Tick isozymes serve as genetic markers for research on these ticks and several recent investigations have involved the analysis of enzyme characteristics. A number of isozymes have been characterized and used as genetic markers in an investigation of genetic similarity and variability between natural populations of North American Boophilus species. The results demonstrate a high degree of similarity between populations of B. microplus from Puerto Rico, Mexico, and south Texas. These data indicate that implementation of any genetic control method developed in the future would not be limited by the occurrence of genetically divergent populations of cattle fever ticks. Additional genetic research has documented linkage relationships among 12 enzyme loci in cattle fever ticks, and cytogenetic investigations are using chromosome staining techniques to elucidate details of the morphology of individual chromosomes. These cytogenetic data will be useful in a number of ways, including efforts to implement and improve the sterile hybrid male Boophilus technology.
Proposed Model State Regulation for Control of Zoological Animals
The increased trade and interstate movement of zoological animals in recent years resulted in problems in control and dissemination of diseases and parasites in these animals. Many diseases of zoological-type animals also affect common domesticated food-type animals. Some of these economically important diseases and parasites include tuberculosis, brucellosis, exotic Newcastle disease, lethal avian influenza, and exotic ticks. Zoological animals also may produce environmental damage, crop destruction, and public safety and health concerns, as well as creating situations where there are violations of animal welfare laws. Because of the concern of livestock industry and animal health officials, the U.S. Animal Health Association requested that APHIS, USDA, develop a model State Regulation for Control of Zoological Animals. With the assistance of the Southeastern Wildlife Disease Study, University of Georgia, APHIS is currently developing the model regulation. The first draft was completed in October 1986 and has been sent for comment to over 150 organizations, agencies, and individuals. This proposed regulation is not intended to be passed into Federal law. It is to serve as a model for the various States to use to draft laws and regulations where a need exists. The revised draft of the model regulation should be completed in early 1987 after receiving input from the various interested parties involved with zoological animals.
Maps and Tables Section
YUL Y af ee
Wy GG@7
9861 AD
SISOH [IV W014 SUOHDAIJOD YI]
Alabama
REPORT OF TICKS COLLECTED
PERIOD a Calendar Year 1986
HOST
All _ Hosts
—+— Ne
aT 1 | | Alaska | 7 ica | [ Arizona 17 1 2 | 14 al Arkansas | al [Se _Culifornia 1 1 Colorado 3 ee SS + Connecticut s|| | | | _ Delaware iE 4 Florida 61 16 | 5 8 2 25 5 | | ae Georgia 107 1 106 Hawaii T aT Idaho 1 IE 4 1 { 4 | | Ilinois 2 ile ieee 2 1s il [ IE ie Indiana mt (ele I es lowa Kansas [ = Kentucky er: 3 4 | | Al + Louisiana 16 | 1 15 1 | ee | T il r Maine tial — Narylond eee ae Massachusetts el Michigan 2 2 » Minnesota | t “il Mississippi 28 17 2 7 2 ale pe Missouri (Beas asl Montana zi 1 | BI Nebraska | | T al Nevada ee New H hi lew Hampshire ik | ee New Jersey New Mexico 3 3 | New York 1 ae ul | By North Carolina 4 3 1 | North Dakota 1 1 i Ohio Oklahoma 15 4 2 9 aT f Oregon if | 4 Pennsylvania | | ae 4 Rhode Island South Carolina
South Dakota al Tennessee | 54 21 3 u1| 19 zi | | | Texas 17e9_|1133| 74| 353) 28] 51 | 150 Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington i al | all West Virginia 1 il 4 } a Wisconsin 1 1 1 + = 4 + 1 + + Wyoming
—_— oh pH HH HH HH HY
Puerto Rico
4l
Virgin Islands ANH Form 5-55 ”.
AY 1971
REPLACES ADE FORM 555, OFC 1964, WHICH 15 OBSOLETE
986L AD
Aajuz 104 paisyo S}ONPOJd puy sjewiuy WOl-+4 SUOHDSIJO4 YI]
TT ee ee PERIOD "| Host Animals and Products REPORT OF) TICKS (COLLECTED Calendar Year 1986 Offered for Entr
ARIZONA | a i | | Douglas 7 |. + 4 } 8BO | + { —1BO {| _} _}_ ae | 7 1B0 | 1HO 5B | —Nogal =f T FLORIDA | ul +}
Fe, La
Jacksonville
Ne 4 2wP lami [eee at Zl T t 7 4 | + + |
LOUISIANA ~
New Orleans
MISSISSIPPI
Jackson
NEW MEXICO
Socorro
|
Brownsville 5 3B0 + ete 2 2B0 | —— : | ale 48 1BO
1BO |24BO |9BO* 6BO 2B0 5BO*
D 9 Ms A
ANH Fora 5-55 REPLACES ADE FORM 5-55, OFC 1964, WHICH 15 OBSOLETE USDA-ARS MAY 1971 < 5 Key to Host Key to Species *Nymphal Stage BO Bovine P Pineapple an Amblyomma nuttalli DH Deer Hide PL Plant au Dermacentor auratus HH Hedgehog TH Trophy Hide h Amblyomma hebraeum HO Horse WP Wood Products
no Amblyomma nodosum ra Rhipicephalus appendiculatus
SaNVISI NIOMIN i y 2 = ice al E
grt
iL
PERIOD HOST
REPORT OF TICKS COLLECTED
Calendar Year 1986 Cattle
STATE TOTAL 5517 224 238 7| 290 29 15 | 4032 4 39 8 297 1 267 2 cal 38 5 Alabama 12 | ata | HL 1 i 4 He Alaska | | |e a: Nk Arizona 1 | 1 | | 1b i Arkansas F | Is Californi 1 1 i Colorado Connecticut | =| il i | | Delaware | i + N + Florida 16 5 [ Poets IL rf 4 If
Hawaii 4 vale
Idaho Ik
Hlinois 1
Indiana |
lowa
Kansas i | T i lie Kentucky 3 1 | He 2 | 4 Louisiana [ L | | Maine : |
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota | & - ai i. :
Mississippi 17
Missouri
Montana il | | S| IE |
Nebraska { | Ble
Nevada | 4 | ‘il New Hampshire | i 4 a0 t
New Jersey
New Mexico { New York Al North Caroli 3 rolina 3 | | I | : | | North Dakota | T +
Ohio
Oklahoma 4 1 1 1 1* — + 4 }_ + Oregon | iB | Pe Ivani nnsylvania ie It | i | | eth Rhode Island [ z — Se ed Lee eS ees | ile South Carolina 8 3 1 4 South Dakota + 4 + Tennessee 21ei\i 16 5 T al lmeron iat 1 Texas 1133 | 186 238 7\ 273 IL 16* 15 36 a* 38 8 ie 248 rAd - |e 10 S7m He 5 Utah Vermont Virginia Washington + = 4—— --——+ — + — + -4+— West Virginia 1 1 T + T Wisconsin Wyoming Puerto Rico | 4290 a lia 3Y | ie ee Ue IE 205 Virgin Islands ANH fore, 5-55 REPLACES ADE FORM 5-55, OEC 1964, WHICH Is OBSOLETE Deo AGAne Key to Species *Nymphal Stage
11
PERIOD HOBT
Calendar Year 1986
STATE
TOTAL 99
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona 2
Arkansas
California
Colorado 3 il i 3
Connecticut
‘ | | | Delaware | ll Florida 5 Ale xe | | [ | | [ lk i
Georgia
Hawaii
| 1G al Idaho iE [ le | | al
Illinois : |
r 1 Indiana | alk lial | Ae | | |
lowa
K ansas iE Ih L | | Kentucky 4 1 2 [
Louisiana Nee
Maine : | Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota -
[ + Mississippi ik
Missouri
Montana 1 -
L T | —+— +— Riise See) |
Nebraska
Nevada | x
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York North Carolina
North Dakota Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
|
i =f |
Me
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee 3 2 Texas 74 2 2 yn
4 | | | alpen z| 38 Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington 7 + ee | { L West Virginia Wisconsin 1 | a Puerto Rico ir + {Ese o
Virgin Islands
ANH wom 5-55 REPLACES ADE FORM 5-55, CEC 1964, WHICH IS OBSOLETE aes Key to Species
n Amblyomma inornatum d Ixodes dammini
13
EAN
PERIOD HOST REPORT OF TICKS COLLECTED Calendar Year 1986 Horses and Mules
STATE
TOTAL
Alabama |
| | i] lL i Alaska zi | | |
+ + = Arizona i zl |
i Arkansas le | | it i
Colorado | | i | | Connecticut |e | | le
Delaware [ | I il | |
Flgrida : ite 8 Ie a 2 5 | Z| | 1 |
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois L a | | | ill Ie ings | |
Indiana |
lowa
Kansas
+ Kentucky 4 las i | 3 one \ Louisiana | | iit Maine St SS oT lo ain
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Mirinesota
= Wissicsioni
ississippi | Missouri iz
Montana
Nebraska | Nevada + New Hampshire i | [ |
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
| North Carolina
North Dakota 1 Ohio
+ 1 | |
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania | |
+ + — Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
al = | Tennessee | Texas 353 9 IE 21 4 34 a4* | 2 Z/ 2 13) 256 | 1 < 4 Utah + +- 4 +— + }— == mal eee + ——— — es
Vermont
Virginia Washington J | iE [ [ ¢ S | West Virginia T t | Wisconsin Wyoming
Puerto Rico 1302
Virgin Islands
ANH Form 5.55 REPLACES AOE FORM 5955, DEC 1964, WHICH IS OBSOLETE MAY 1971
15
Tick Collections From Native Wildlife
CY 1986
a WE
ee | TI. A
LWA
ZZ Total 266 G
REPORT OF TICKS
COLLECTED
PERIOD
Calendar Year 1986
HOST
Native Wildlife
STATE TOTAL 266 150 1 23 3 we 16 12 24 26 2 Alabama 2 2D Alaska | | aI | | | =| ae sc Arizona Ne | | | 7 Arkansas Ae 4 California (pee
Colorado | | | Connecticut =| =I Delaware I | a Florida 25 | 14D 8D 1D 1D 1D
Georgia ‘ Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
lowa
Kansas
as Kentucky
= + la Lovisiana 15 | 15D | ale all ull —e Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts { ronente 1D Michigan 2 i 1E + Minnesota i + } st Mississippi 7 6D | ap
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska L Nevada New Hampshire he oa
New Jersey New Mexico
New York
|
North Carolina
i
North Dakota
Ohio
2co Oklahoma 9 | icF Oregon + - Pennsylvania Rhode Island a | ed Ee SEI = fe South Carolina 29 6D 5D 4D 13p | 1D South Dakota al = 5D iE Tennessee 19 | 1cG 7D 1D 5D Texas 1D 10 | 2co?” | 3BC iz 51 _{ 10Q lJ 2D__| 1JR 6D 3D 3co 24R 2D atone J Utah ; a = = anne RG VSG Vermont |
Virginia |
Washington + = { { i IF =i] T West Virginia Wisconsin +
Wyoming
Puerto Rico
Virgin Islands ANH 5-55
FORM MAY 1971
REPLACES ADE FORM 5-55, DEC 1964, WHICH IS OBSOLETE
Key to Host
BB Black Bear D Deer BC Bobcat E Elk CG Canada Goose GF Gray Fox CO Coyote J Javelina
JR Jack Rabbit M Mink
R Rabbit
RC Racoon
Key to Species
a Ixodes affinis
n Amblyomma inornatum
USDA-ARS
17
REPORT OF TICKS COLLECTED
PERIOO
Calendar Year 1986
HOST
Zoo Animals and
Miscellaneous Hosts
SS 2 een 27 1 14 12 5 4 1 Alabama + 4 Alaska Ihe.
ie a Arizona | al 4 atl mt We Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
1c 1H
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
lowa
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine,
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
1s
pp?
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio [
Oklahoma 2 1X | ic |
Oregon ‘| L
Pennsylvania | Als Rhode Island [ | | | | f
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee 11 6H 4H 1 + He 7 + T 4Q 3Q 2Y 1Q exas 28 2H 3Y 1Q 2Y 2H* 1X 1H | 1C 1X 1s 1Q 1s Utah Ss
Vermont
Virgin irginia ule | =| ul| lle Washington il if =I West Virginia 9 He =! 4. { | Wisconsin | [ | = he AL Wyoming
Puerto Rico
Al =
Virgin Islands ANH Form 5-55
MAY 1971
Key to Hosts BP Ball Python Cc Cat D Deer
REPLACES ADE FORM 5-55, DEC 1964, WHICH IS OBSOLETE
G Goat H Human Q Host Not Given
S Sheep
X Inanimate Object
Y Swine
Key to Species al Aponomma latum
*Nymphal Stage
19
_
October 1987