lth sal) ye le eS le ee eee en. TES NATIONAL MUSEUM : a xs eg r Gir. CONTRIBUTIONS - States NATIONAL "ERBARIUN FROM THE Vous 24, Parr 4 NAMES AND USES OF SOME PLANTS JF EASTERN GUATEMALA AND HONDURAS © By S. F. BLAKE - WASHINGTON — GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE tan SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Nbr ee Stat hs. NATIONAL, MUSEUM CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL HERBARIUM Votume 24. Part 4 “NATIVE NAMES AND USES OF SOME PLANTS ~ OF EASTERN GUATEMALA AND HONDURAS By S) F: BLAKE WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1922 ve ~s i, | ee ; + iu ASS8U BL PON Ped L of & ee een Sef BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEU! {T PREFACE. The present paper by Dr. S. F. Blake, of the Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture, contains a list of the native names and uses of the plants collected by the botanists who accompanied the Economic Survey Mission sent out in the spring of 1919 by the United States Department of State for the purpose of making a survey of the economic resources of the region in eastern Guatemala and Honduras lying between the Motagua and Chamelecén Rivers. The time spent in the field by the expedi- tion was so short that the list is necessarily incomplete, but it con- tains much new and useful information, especially on the wild medicinal plants, and should be of service to travelers who may visit the same region. FrepEerick V. CovILte, Curator of the United States National Herbarium. IIt CONTENTS. Introduction List of native names and uses ILLUSTRATIONS. PLATE 29. Achras chicle Pittier 30. Cassia alata L 31. Neurolaena lobata (L.) R. Br 32. Piper auritum amplifolium C. DC 33. Smilax ornata Lemaire ce cm me ce ee we ee ee ee a ee ae ee a ee es ae ee a a a a a a an we a ae ee ee ee ee ee ee ae Facing page. re eee come 100 Aa Eee NATIVE NAMES AND USES OF SOME PLANTS OF EASTERN GUATEMALA AND HONDURAS. By S. F. BLake. INTRODUCTION. In the spring of 1919 an Economic Survey Mission of the United States State Department, headed by the late Maj. Percy H. Ashmead, made a brief examination of the natural products and resources of the region lying between the Chamelecén Valley in Honduras and the Motagua Valley in Guatemala. Work was also done by the botanists of the expedition in the vicinity of Izabal on Lake Izabal. Descriptions of the new species collected by the expedition, with a short account of its itinerary, have already been published by the writer, and a number of the new forms have been illustrated. The present list is based wholly on the data and specimens collected by the botanists and foresters of this expedition—H. Pittier, S. F. Blake, G. B. Gilbert, L. R. Stadtmiller, and H. N. Whitford—and no attempt has been made to incorporate data from other regions of Central America. Such information will be found chiefly in various papers published by Henry Pittier,? J. N. Rose, and P. C. Standley.* LIST OF NATIVE NAMES AND USES. Acacia sp. CACHITO. CORNIZUELO. ISCANAL. FABACEAE, Acacia sp. LAGARTO. SANPEDRANO. FABACEAE, A tree up to 25 meters high and 45 cm. in diameter. The wood is used for building. Acalypha sp. COSTILLA DE DANTA. HUPHORBIACEAE. 1 Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 24:1-32. pls. 1-10, f. 1-4. 1922. ?Ensayo sobre las plantas usuales de Costa Rica. Pp. 176, pls. 31. Washing- ton, D. C., 1908. * Notes on useful plants of Mexico. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 209-259, pls. 28-64. 1899. *Trees and shrubs of Mexico. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 23: 1-169. 1920. This first part includes Gleicheniaceae to Betulaceae. The second part (Fagaceae to Fabaceae) is in press. 87 88 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Achiotillo. See Vismia ferruginea. Achras chicle Pittier. Nispero. ZAPOTILLO (?). (PLATE 29.) ~° SAPOTACHAE. A tall tree, with medium-sized entire leaves and clusters of white flowers. This species, according to Mr. Pittier,’ is the source of most of the chicle used in the manufacture of chewing gum, rather than Achras zapota L. EXPANATION OF PLATE 29.—Achras chicle, from the type specimen, Pittier 8537, Guate- mala. Natural size. Aguacatillo. See Phoebe ambigens. Alcatraz. See Aristolochia gigas. Aleli. See Gynandropsis speciosa. Almendro. See Lonchocarpus izabalanus. ° Amaranthus spinosus L. HUISQUILETE. UISQUILETE. | AMARANTHACEAE, A spiny weed, abundant in the tropics. Amate. See Ficus crassiuscula. Andira excelsa H. B. K. (?)® GuacaMAYo. FABACEAE. A tree up to 30 meters high and 0.5 meter in diameter. The wood is used for furniture and for building. Andira inermis H. B. K. CHAPERNO. ‘FABACEAE. The heart wood of this tree is very dark and takes a good polish. Andropogon leucostachys H. B. K. CoLa DE VENADO. POACEAE, A grass with a plumy inflorescence. Annona glabra L. ANONILLO. ANNONACEAE, Anoda hastata Cav. MALVAVISCO. MALVACEAE, An herb with angled leaves, reddish along the midrib, and magenta flowers. The plant is used to make a wash for venereal diseases. An6n de montana. See Cymbopetalum sp. Anonillo. See Annona glabra. Ardisia sp. CAMACO. MYRSINACEAB. Aristolochia gigas Lindl. ALcaTraz. CHUMPA. ARISTOLOCHIACEAE, A twiner with large sac-shaped lurid maroon flowers, the lower lip pe with a slender tail six inches long or more. Arrayan. See Myrica mevicana. Aspidosperma megalocarpon Muell. Arg. FUusTAN DE VIEJA. APOCYNACEAE. Astronium (?) sp. CIRUELO. PALO OBERO. RONRON. ANACARDIACEAE. A tree up to 35 meters high and a meter thick. The trunks are used for house posts. Baccharis rhexioides H. B. K. BaARRa FINA. ASTERACEAK.. A leaning shrub, with small white downy pistillate flower heads. Bactris sp. HUIzcOoYOL. PHOENICACEAR. A slender palm about 5 meters high, with a very spiny stem, and leaves about 1.5 meters long. The fruit is said to be violet and edible. Balsa. See Ochroma bicolor. Baltimora recta L. MIRASOL. ASTERACEAE, A small weedy yellow composite. The name mirasol is used in Latin American countries for many different ear ue “Oi composites. Barajo. See Cassia alata. Barba fina. See Baccharis rhexioides. *Pittier, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 9: 431-488. 1919. °In a few cases the specific identity of the specimens collected by the expedi- tion is in doubt, owing to the imperfect condition of the material preserved. This is indicated in the list by the addition of a mark of interrogation to the scientific name. BLAKE—GUATEMALAN PLANT NAMES. 89 Barbasco. See Serjania mexicana. Barrabas. See Vitex longeracemosa. Bayal. See Desmoncus sp. Bejuco chaparron. See Davilla kunthii. Bejuco comemano. See Cissus sicyoides. Bejuco de culebra. See Mandevilla auriculata. Bejuco de ratén. See Stigmaphyllon mucronatum. Bejuco negro. See Cordia ferruginea. Bellucia costaricensis Cogn. MANZANO DE MONTANA. MELASTOMATACEAE, A tree, with clusters of medium-sized pinkish white flowers on the branches, broad leaves, and edible fruits. Biophytum dendroides (H. B. K.) DC. CULANTRO DE PIEDRA BLANCA. OXALIDACEAE. A low plant with a cluster of pinnate leaves and pinkish flowers. Borraja. See Heliotropiwm indicum. Borreria sp. YERBA DEL TORO. RUBIACEAE, A small herb with white flowers. The fresh infusion is drunk for diseases of women. Brosimum terrabanum Pittier. MAastco. MOoRACEAE. A tree with milky juice, reaching a height of 30 meters and a diameter of a meter. | Brosimum utile (H. B. K.) Pittier. PALO DE LECHE. MORACEAE. Buchnera elongata Swartz. FLOR DEL CIELO. SCROPHULARIACEAE. A slender erect unbranched herb with violet flowers, used to decorate altars. Buchnera lithospermifolia H. B. K. TRONERO DEL MONTE. SCROPHULARIACEAE, Like the last, but with white flowers. Heated and applied externally in bunches for headache. Buddleia americana L. HoJA BLANCA. LOGANIACEAE. Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) DC. Nawnca. MALPIGHIACEAE, A small tree with erect spires of yellow flowers, turning orange in age. Fruit yellow and edible. Cachicahua. See Indigofera lespedezioides. Cachito. See Calyptocarpus vialis, also Acacia sp. Calan. See Calycophyllum candidissimum. Calathea insignis Peters. MOHAN. MARANTACEAE, An herb with canna-like leaves and a terminal spike of yellowish pink flowers inserted in thick conspicuously two-ranked scales. Calliandra sp. SILE. FABACEAE, Calocarpum mammosum (L.) Pierre. ZAPOTE. SAPOTACEAE, A tree up to 25 meters high, about 45 cm. thick, with milky sap. The wood is used in building. Calophyllum sp. SANTAMARIA. CLUSIACEAE. A tree up to 30 meters high, nearly a meter thick, with a yellow sap. Wood used for ties and general building purposes. Calycophyllum candidissimum DC. CatAN, RUBIACEAE. Calyptocarpus vialis Less. CaACHITO. ASTERACEAE, A small yellow composite with two-spined fruits. Camaco. See Ardisia sp. Cana de Cristo. See Costus cylindricus. Cafiafistola. See Cassia fistula. Cafamito. See Siderozrylon (?) sp. Canilla de pajuil. See Crusea sp. Canilla de pava. See Polygonum punctatum, 89329—22——2 90 - CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Caoba. See Swietenia macrophylla. Capriola dactylon (L.) Kuntze. PELO DE MACHO. POACEAE, A small widely distributed grass. . Carbon colorado. See Cupania macrophylla. Carboncillo. See Matayba (?) sp. Caricillo. See Jschaemum latifolium. Carizo. See Lasiacis sorghoidea. Casearia corymbosa H. B. K. VARA BLANCA. FLACOURTIACEAE. A small tree with close clusters of white flowers. Cassia alata L. Barago. (PLATE 30.) FABACEAE. A shrub with yellow flowers, forming a cluster of radiating pods in fruit. An infusion of the root is used for rheumatism, and is also a powerful drastic. EXPLANATION OF PLATH 30.—Cassia alata, from Palmer 201 (leaves), Mexico, and Cook & Doyle 48 (fruit), Costa Rica. Natural size. Cassia fistula L. CANAFISTOLA. FABACEAE. A tree with simply pinnate leaves and drooping racemes of large yellow flowers. An infusion of the beans is used as a medicine for fevers. Cassia laevigata Willd. FRIJOLILLO. FABACEAE. An herb with yellow flowers. The seeds are used for coffee. The plant is steamed and applied to the body for sickness, especially in women. Cassia tora L. HEJOTIL. FABACEAE. Castilla fallax Cook. HULE CHIRRI10. TUNO. MORACEAE, Caulote. See Guazuma ulmifolia. Cecropia sp. GUARUMO. MOoRACEAR. Cedrela longipes Blake. CEDRO. MELIACEAE. A tree up to nearly 30 meters high and 0.8 meter in diameter. The wood is used for furniture and for house building. Cedro. See Cedrela longipes. Ceibillo. See Zanthoxylum sp. Cenicero. See Jresine arbuscula. Cerezo. See Miconia schlimii, also Neea psychotrioides. Chacotote. See Croton repens. Chamaedorea concolor Mart. PACAYA. PHOENICACEAE, Chamaedorea ernsti-augusti Wendl. PACAYA GUARITA. PHOENICACEAE. Chaparro. See Curatella americana. Chaperno. See Andira inermis. Chaptalia nutans (L.) Polak. VALERIANA. ASTERACEAE, A composite with a tuft of basal leaves, green above and white-woolly beneath, and one or two long-stalked heads with reddish-purple rays and creamy center. The root is used medicinally. Chapupo. See Tabernaemontana amblyblasta. Chelonanthus acutangulus (Ruiz & Pav.) Gilg. TABAQUILLO. GENTIANACEAE. A tall herb with green tubular flowers, found only in the mountains. Chichipate. See Sweetia panamensis. Chichipin. See Hamelia erecta. Chile del monte. See Stenorrhynchus sp. Chilillo. See Polygonum punctatum. . Chipilin de la montafia. See Crotalaria sagittalis. Chirca. See Croton ciliato-glandulosus, also C. xalapensis. Chiorophora tinctoria (L.) Gaud. Mora. MOoRACREAE. A sparsely spiny tree up to 20 meters high, used as a dyewood. Chozo. See Licania hypoleuca. BLAKE—GUATEMALAN PLANT NAMES. 9] Chrysobalanus icaco L. Icaco. ROSACEAE, A tree with white flowers, roundish veiny leaves, and blue-black plumlike fruits 1.5 to 2 em. long, their flesh edible, sweetish but without special flavor. Chumpa. See Aristolochia gigas. Ciega vista. See Croton ciliato-glandulosus, Ciruelo. See Astronium (7) sp. Cissus sicyoides L. BEJUCO COMEMANO. VITACEAE. A vine with inconspicuous greenish flowers. Used for washing clothes. Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle. Limon. RUTACEAE. Clusia utilis Blake.” QUIEBRAMUELA. CLUSIACEAE. A shrub 6 meters high, growing along the shore of Lake Izabal, with thick obovate leaves and rosy white flowers. The fruit is green, tinged with maroon; the seeds are surrounded by an orange aril. The buffy yellow juice of the fruit is administered on cotton for toothache. The fruit, cut across, is used by the Indians to stamp clothes, making a 6 or T-rayed starlike figure of a permanent brown or blackish brown. Cojén de gato. See Jabernaemontana amblyblasta, also Thevetia plumeriae- folia. Coj6n de mico. See Tabernaemontana amblybdlasta. Cola de marrano. See Pithecollobium arboreum. Cola de mico. See Pithecollobium arborewm. Cola de venado. See Andropogon leucostachys, also Lasiacis procerrima. Comida de paloma. See Lantana camara. Compsoneura sprucei (A. DC.) Warb. SANGRE. MYRISTICACEAE, A small tree, up to 8 meters high. The bark contains a red sap. Contamal. See Guacuma ulmifolia, also Luehea seemannii. Contonron. See Luehea seemannii. Contrayerba. See Dorstenia contrajerva houston, also D. drakena. Cordia ferruginea Roem. & Schult. BEJUCO NEGRO. BORAGINACEAE. Cordia gerascanthus L. LAUREL. BORAGINACEAE. A tree up to 25 meters high and 50 cm. in diameter. The wood is used for ties and general construction. Cordon. See Piper rohrii. Cordoncillo. See Piper aduncum, P. donnell-smithii, and P. jalapense. Cornizuelo. See Acacia sp. Cornutia pyramidata L. HoJA DE ZOPE. VERBEN ACEAE. Cortez. See Tecoma sp. Costilla de danta. See Acalypha sp. Costus cylindricus Roscoe. CANA DE CRISTO. ZINGIBERACEAE, An herb with broad leaves and a thick spike of orange-red flowers. Crotalaria sagittalis L. CHIpmLin DE LA MONTANA. FABACEAE. An herb with simple leaves, yellow flowers, and “ rattle-box ” fruit. Croton ciliato-glandulosus Ort. CHIRCA. CIEGA VISTA. EUPHORBIACEAE. The glandular hairs of the leaves and stem of this species adhere to the hands and injure the eyes when introduced. Croton draco Schlecht. SANGRE DE DRAGO. H{UPHORBIACEAE. Croton repens Schlecht. CHACOTOTE. EUPHORBIACEAE, The root is used for stomach troubles. Croton xalapensis H. B. K. Cnyrrca. HUPHORBIACEAE. Crusea sp. CANILLA DE PAJUIL. RUBIACEAE, An herb with violet flowers. Doves are said to eat the fruit. Cuaulote. See Guazuna ulmifolia. — ‘For illustration see Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 24: pl. 4. 1922. 92 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Cuje. See Inga spuria. Culantrillo. See Dichromena radicans, also Pectis bonplandiana. Culantro de piedra blanca. See Biophytum dendroides. , Cupania macrophylla A. Rich. CARBON COLORADO. SAPINDACEAE. A tree up to 10 meters high and 20 cm. in diameter. Cura-gusano. See J'ridax procumbens. Cura-mesquino. See Huphorbia brasiliensis. Curatella americana L. CHAPARRO. DILLENIACEAE, Cuturo. See Piper aduncum and P. rohrii. Cuturo negro. See Piper rohrii and Piper sp. Cydista pubescens Blake. IrTo. BIGNONIACEAE. Cymbopetalum penduliflorum (Dunal) Baill. ANON DE MONTANA. ANNONACEAE. A tree 12 to 18 meters high, the bark furnishing a good rope. Davilla kunthii St. Hil. Besuco CHAPARRON. DILLENIACEAE. A vine with roundish very rough leaves. In fruit the inner sepals are indu- rated and closely approximated, simulating a capsule. Decazyx macrophyllus Pittier & Blake. MANGLE. RUTACEAE, A large tree common about Los Ranchos, Honduras, with large entire dotted leaves and small white flowers. The wood is used for building. Desmoncus sp. BAYAL. PHOENICACEAE. Dialium divaricatum Vahl. TAMARINDO. TAMARINDO PRIETO. FABACEAE. A tree up to 30 meters high, 0.6 meter in diameter. Wood used for ties, posts, bridges, and houses. Dichromena radicans Cham. & Schlecht. CuULANTRILLO. CYPERACEAE. A grasslike herb with white-based involucral leaves. i Dioclea reflexa Hook. f. OJo0 DE MONO. FABACEAE. Dolicholus phaseoloides (Swartz) Kuntze. FRUTA DE PITILLO. FABACEAE. A twiner with red and black seeds. Doradillo. See Myrcia (#) sp. Dorstenia contrajerva houstoni L. CONTRAYERBA. MORACEAE. An herb with arrow-shaped basal leaves and a crisped green yellow-bordered receptacle bearing the tiny crowded flowers. An infusion of the root is used for coughs and stomach troubles. Dorstenia drakena L. CONTRAYERBA. MORACEAE, The infusion is used for stomach troubles. Drago. See Virola merendonis. Echites microcalyx A. DC. FLor DEL MICO. APOCYNACEAE, A twiner with orange-yellow flowers. Echtia. See Huphorbia heterophylla. Ejotil. See Cassia tora. Elaphrium simaruba (L.) Rose. PALO CHINO. PALO JIOTE. BURSERACEAE. A tree up to 25 meters high, 0.5 meter in diameter, with milky juice. The wood is used for making charcoal. Eleocharis sulcata (Roth) Nees. TULE CHIQUITO. CYPERACEAE. Elephantopus hypomalacus Blake. OREJA DE COCHE. ASTERACEAE. Said to be a good fodder plant. Encino. See Licania arborea, also Quercus citrifolia. Eneldo de montafia. See Salvia tiliaefolia. * Yor illustration see Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 24: pl. $. 1922. ee ae We a : aye + wate wheal Dot oof de BLAKE—GUATEMALAN PLANT NAMES. 93 Enterolobium cyclocarpum (Swartz) Griseb. GUANACASTE. FABACEAE, A tree up to 30 meters high, 1 meter thick, with large ear-shaped pods. Wood used for houses and furniture. Epidendrum fragrans Swartz. Luirio. ORCHIDACEAE. This and the following species belong to a large genus of bright-colored epiphy- tic orchids. Epidendrum varicosum Batem. LIRI0. ORCHIDACEAE, Eriosema diffusum (H. B. K.) G. Don. GuUAPILLO. FABACEAE. An herb with trifoliolate leaves and yellow flowers. The fresh infusion is drunk for diseases of women. Escorzonera de jiquilite. See Indigofera lespedezioides. Eupatorium pycnocephalum Less. T®#. ASTERACEAE. A composite with lavender flowers. Leaves used to make a sudorific tea. Euphorbia brasiliensis Lam. CURA-MESQUINO, EUPHORBIACEAE, Euphorbia heterophylla L. Hcuta. HUPHORBIACEAE, An herb with the upper leaves more or less blotched with red. The infusion is taken for diseases of the chest. Ficus costaricana (Liebm.) Miquel. Hrtco. MoRACEAE. Ficus crassiuscula Warb. AMATE. MOoRACEAE. Ficus hemsleyana Stand]. MaTapato. MOoRACEAE. One of the strangler figs. Flor dela vida. See Melanthera hastifolia. Flor del cielo. See Buchnera elongata. Flor del mico. See Hchites microcaly2. Flor del tamiz. See Polygala paludosa. Frijol de venado. See Phaseolus xralapensis. Frijolillo. See Cassia laevigata. Fruta de pitillo. See Dolicholus phaseoloides. Fustan de vieja. See Aspidosperma megalocarpon. Granadilla de montaiia. See Prestonia macrocarpa. Granadillo del monte. See Passiflora coriacea. Guacamayo. See Andira excelsa (?). Guambo. See Phoebe ambigens. Guamo. See Inga spuria. Guamo mero. See Inga sp. Guamo paterno. See Inga sp. Guanacaste. See Hnterolobium cyclocarpum. Guano. See Ochroma bicolor. Guapillo. See Hriosema diffusum. Guapinol. See Hymenaea courbaril. Guarumo. See Cecropia sp. Guarumo de montana. See Pourowma aspera. Guay2bo de sabana. See Psidium guajava. Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. CAULOTE.. CONTAMAL. CUAULOTE. TAPACULO. STERCULIACEAE. A tree with small white fragrant flowers. Gynandropsis speciosa (H. B. K.) DC. Arerf. CAPPARIDACEAR, Hamelia erecta Jacq. CHICHIP{N. RUBIACEAE, A slender shrub or tree with orange-red flowers. The leaves are mashed and put on cuts, a use doubtless suggested by the color of the flowers. Heisteria media Blake. PATE MACHO. OLACACEAE. Helicteres guazumaefolia H. B. K. PALo DE CAPULIN. STERCULIACEAE. A shrub with slender tubular salmon-red flowers. 94 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Heliotropium indicum L. Borrasa. BoRAGINACEAR Higo. See Ficus costaricana. Hoja blanca. See Buddleia americana. 73 Hoja de zope. See Cornutia pyramidata. Homolepis aturensis (H. B. K.) Chase. Trico DE MONTANA. POACEAE. Hormigo. See Platymiscium polystachyum. Huisquilete. See Amaranthus spinosus. Huizcoyol. See Bactris sp. Hule chirrio. See Castilla fallax. Hunierpa. See Piper auritum amplifolium. Hymenaea courbaril L. GUAPINOL. PALITO COLORADO. TWABACEAE. A tree up to 10 meters high. ; Hymenocallis littoralis (Jacq.) Salisb. Lirio BLANCO. | | AMARYLLIDACEAE. An herb growing in low savannas, with a cluster of flowers like an Haster lily. Grown to some extent for decoration. Hyptis verticillata Jacq. VERBENA. MENTHACEAE, A shrub, with whitish rather fragrant flowers. Used for stomach troubles. Icaco. See Chrysobalanus icaco. Indigofera lespedezioides H. B. K. CACHICAHUA. ESCORZONERA DE JIQUILITE. _ FABACEAE, An herb with mostly 5-foliolate leaves and small salmon flowers. Used for stomach troubles. Inga spuria (Poir.) Humb. & Bonpl. CuJE. GuaAmo. - FABACEAE, A tree with white flowers. The fruit said to be greenish, half a meter long, eaten when fresh. Inga sp. GUAMO MERO. GUAMO PATERNO. FABACEAE. Ingerto de montana. See Lucuma laeteviridis. Tresine arbuscula Uline & Bray. CENICERO. AMARANTHACEAE. A tree with white odorous flowers. The wood is burned and the cinders used for soap making. Iscanal. See Acacia sp. Ischaemum latifolium (Spreng.) Kunth. CARiIcixxo. POACEAE. Isote. See Yucca aloifolia (7). Ito. See Cydista pubescens. Jatropha curcas L. PINON. EUPHORBIACEAE. Jocomico. See Rheedia intermedia. Jocote de mico. See Rheedia intermedia. Jussiaea suffruticosa L. ONAGRACEAE. An herb with yellow 4-petalled flowers. An infusion of the plant is used for pains in the stomach and head. Juste. See Sapium sp. Lagarto. See Acacia sp., also Zanthoxylum sp. Lanillo. See Ochroma bicolor. Lantana camara L. CoOMIDA DE PALOMA. VERBEN ACEAE, Lasiacis procerrima (Hack.) Hitche. CoLa DE VENADO. POACEAE. A gress with broad leaves and a large panicle, looking much like sorghum. Lasiacis sorghoidea (Desv.) Hitche. & Chase. Carizo. POACEAE. A climbing grass. Laurel. See Cordia gerascanthus. Lechuga de agua. See Pontederia rotundifolia. Licania arborea Seem. ENCINO. ROSACEAE, A tree up to 20 meters high. Licania hypoleuca Benth. Cuozo. B ROSACEAE. BLAKE—GUATEMALAN PLANT NAMES. 95 Licania platypus (Hemsl.) Fritsch. Sunco (Guatemala). Uraco (Honduras). ROSACEAE, Limon. See Citrus aurantifolia. Lippia umbellata Cay. SECA-LECHE. VERBEN ACEAE, Liquidambar. See Liquidambar styraciflua. Liquidambar styraciflua L. LIQUIDAMBAR. HAMAMELIDACEAE, The tree is tapped for the resin, and the wood is used for general building purposes. Reaches a height of 30 meters or more. Lirio. See Hpidendrum fragrans and H. varicosum. Lirio blanco. See Hymenocallis littoralis. Llallo. See Luehea seemannii. Lonchocarpus izabalanus Blake. ALMENDRO. F'ABACEAE, Lucuma laeteviridis Pittier. INGERTO DE MONTANA. ZAPOTILLO CALENTURBIENTO. SAPOTACEAE, Luehea seemannii Triana & Planch. CoNTAMAL. CONTONRON. LLALLO. TILIACEAE, A tree up to 25 meters high, 0.5 meter in diameter. Lycopersicum esculentum cerasiforme (Dunal) A. Gray. ToMmATE. fe SOLANACEAE, A small wild tomato, its fruit red when ripe, about the size of a cherry, sold in the markets at Los Amates and elsewhere. — Macuelizo. See Jecoma pentaphylla. Malacapa. See Zanthoxyluin sp. Malvavisco. See Anoda hastata. Mandevilla auriculata (Stadelm.) K. Sch. BrJuco DE CULEBRA. APOCYNACEAE. Mangle. See Decazyx macrophyllus. Mano de leén. See Sterculia carthaginensis, also Tecoma pentaphylia. Manzanilla. See Ximenia americana. Manzano de montaiia. See Bellucia costaricensis. Masico. See Brosimum terrabanum. Matapalo. See Ficus hemsleyana. Matayba (7?) sp. CARBONCILLO. SAPINDACEAE, A large tree with white flowers. Media-luna. See Passifiora coriacea. Meibomia axillaris (Swartz) Kuntze. Mozorts. FABACEAE, Meibomia scorpiurus (Swartz) KuNTZE. PEGAPEGA. FABACEAE, The infusion is taken for fevers. Meibomia supina (Swartz) Britton. Mozotre. MozoTE aNcHO. SACATE BUCHO. FABACEAE, _ Used for fodder. The infusion is drunk for gonorrhoea. Meibomia triflora (L.) Kuntze. PLari. FABACEAE, A prostrate plant with violet flowers. The infusion is taken for stomach troubles. Melanthera hastifolia Blake,? FLor DE LA VIDA. ASTERACEAE. Melanthera nivea (L.) Small. YERBA DEL CABALLO. ASTERACEAE, An herb with white button-like heads, furnishing good fodder for horses. Miconia lacera (Bonpl.) Naud. Srpin. MELASTOMATACEAE, The name sirin is applied indiscriminately to the smaller members of this family. Miconia schlimii Triana. CEREzOo. MELASTOMATACEAE, °¥or illustration see Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 24: fig. 3. 1922. 96 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Mimosa pudica L. PUTA VIEJA. FABACEAE. An herbaceous sensitive plant with pinkish-white button-like heads. The in- fusion is taken for gonorrhoea. | | Mimosa sp. ZARZA DE Rfo. FABACEAE, Mirasol. See Baltimora recta. Mohan. See Calathea insignis. Mora. See Chlorophora tinctoria. Moro. See Quararibaea sp. Ttozote. See Meibomia avillaris and M. supina. IMozote ancho. See Meibomia supina. Myrcia (?) sp. DoORADILLO. MYRTACBAE, A tree with opposite entire dotted leaves, the timber used for houses. Myrica mexicana Willd. ARRAYAN. MYRICACEAE, A shrub with white waxy berries, which are used for making candles. Nancé. See Byrsonima crassifolia. Naranjo. See Terminalia sp. Neea psychotrioides Donn. Sm. CEREZO. NYCTAGINACEAE. A shrub with purplish-red inedible fruits. Neurolaena lobata (L.) R. Br. TRESPUNTAS. (PLATE 81.) ASTERACEAE, An herb about 10 feet high, with three-lobed leaves and yellow heads. ‘The infusion is taken, a cup every morning, for fever and stomach troubles. EXPLANATION OF PLATE 31.—Neurolaena lobaia, from Curtiss 403, Isle of Pines. Natu- ral size. Nispero. See Achras chicle. Ochroma bicolor Rowlee. Barsa. GUANO. LANILLO. PALO DE BALSA. TAMBOR. BOMBACACEAE, A tree up to 25 meters high, 0.8 meter in diameter. The very light wood is used for rafts. Ocote (pino). See Pinus oocarpa. Ojo de mono. See Dioclea refiexa. Oreja de coche. See Hlephantopus hypomalacus. Pacaya. See Chamaedorea concolor. Pacaya guarita. See Chamaedorea ernsti-augusti. Pachira macrocarpa Walp. ZAPOoTON. BOMBACACEAE, Palacio. See Zuelania sp. Palito blanco. See Pithecolobium cognatum (?). Palito colorado. See Hymenaea courbaril. Palo chino. See Hlaphrium simaruba. Palo de balsa. See Ochroma bicolor. Palo de capulin. See Helicteres guazumaefolia. Palo de leche. See Brosimum utile. Palo jiote. See Hlaphrium simaruba. Palo obero. See Astronium (?) sp. Panicum pulchellum Raddi. _ POACEAE. A grass used to make pillows. Passiflora coriacea Juss. GRANADILLO DEL MONTE. MEDIA-LUNA. . PASSIFLORACEAE. A twining passion flower, with leathery half-moon-shaped leaves. An infu- sion of the seeds is used to kill ‘‘ chuchus,” an unidentified insect. Pate macho. See Heisteria media. Pectis bonplandiana H. B. K. CuLANTRILLO. ASTERACEAE. A small yellow composite with dotted leaves. The infusion is taken for women’s diseases. BLAKE—GUATEMALAN PLANT NAMES. 97 Pegapega. See Meibomia scorpiurus. Pelo de macho. See Capriola dactylon. Phaseolus xalapensis H. B. K. FRIJOL DE VENADO. FABACEAE. Phoebe ambigens Blake.” AGUACATILLO. GUAMBO. LAURACEAE. A tree up to 80 meters high and. a meter thick, the wood used for boards. Pino. See Pinus oocarpa. Pinon. See Jatropha curcas. Pinus oocarpa Schiede. OcoTE (PINO). PINo. PINACEAE. Wood used for houses and for firewood. Piojillo. See Salvia tiliaefolia. Piper aduncum LL. CorRDONCILLO, CUTURO. PIPERACEAE, The leaves of this species are mashed in water and used as a wash for mange in dogs; the spikes are used as a flavoring for fish. Piper auritum amplifolium C. DC. HUuUNIERPA. SANTAMARIA. (PLATE 82.) PIPERACEAE. The broad leaves have a strong sassafras or sarsaparilla odor, and are used to make a refreshing tea; the spikes of flowers are used to season fish. EXPLANATION OF PLATH 32.—Piper auritum amplifolium, from Blake 7639, Guatemala. Natural size. Piper dennell-smithii C. DC. CorponctLto. PIPERACEAE. Piper jalapense C. DC. CoRDONCILLO. PIPERACEAE. Piper rohrii C. DC. Corpon. CuTuRro. CUTURO NEGRO. PIPERACEAE. Used for washing wounds. Piper sp. CUTURO NEGRO, PIPERACEAE, The ashes are used for soap-making. Pithecollobium arboreum (L.) Urban. CoLA DE MARRANO. COLA DE MICO. QUEBRACHO. FABACEAE. A tree up to 40 meters high. The wood is used for posts and houses. Pithecollobium cognatum Benth.(?) PALiTo BLANCO. FABACEAE. Pithecollobium sp. YaGuay. FABACEAE. This tree furnishes a fine-grained hard wood, taking a good polish, but it is not of large size. Plati. See Meibomia trifiora. Platymiscium polystachyum Benth. HormMiIco. FABACEAE, A very important timber tree, up to 30 meters high and a meter in diameter. The wood is used for house posts and railroad ties. Plumajillo. See Schizolobium kellermani. Polygala paludosa St. Hil. FLOR DEL TAMIZ. POLYGALACEAE, Polygonum punctatum Ell. CANILLA DE PAVA. CHILILLO. POLYGONACEAE, The leaves are used to make a wash for mangy dogs. Pontederia rotundifolia L. f. LECHUGA DE AGUA. PONTEDERIACEAE, A water herb, with heart-shaped leaves and spikes of pale lavender flowers. Pourouma aspera Tréc. GUARUMO DE MONTANA. MORACEAE, Prestonia macrocarpa Hemsl. GRANADILLA DE MONTANA. APOCYNACEAE. Psidium guajava L. GUAYABO DE SABANA. MYRTACEAE. This tree or shrub furnishes the well-known edible guava fruit. Puta vieja. See Mimosa pudica. Quararibaea sp. Moro. BoMBACACEAE, The wood of this tree is used for making ox-yokes. The leaves have a frag- rance like that of slippery elm. »” For illustration see Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 24: pl. 2. 1922. 98 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Quebracho. See Pithecollobium arborewm, also Terminalia sp. Quercus brachystachys Benth. Roster. FAGACEAE, Quercus citrifolia Liebm. Encino. F'AGACEAE, Quercus oleoides Cham. & Schlecht. Rosiectrtro. FAGACEAE. Quiebramuela. See Clusia utilis. Randia armata (Swartz) DC. RoSETIZLo. RUBIACEAE. Rheeda intermedia Pittier. Jocomico. JOCOTE DE MICO. CLUSIACEAE, Roble. See Quercus brachystachys. Roblecito. See Quercus oleoides. Ronrén. See Astronium (?)- sp. Rosetillo. See Randia armata. Ruellia pilosa Pavon. VIOLETA. ACANTHACEAE. An herb, growing in wet places, with magenta flowers. Sacate bucho. See Meibomia supina. Salvador balsam. See Toluifera pereirae. Salvia tiliaefolia Vahl. ENELDO DE MONTANA. PioJILLO. MENTHACEAE. An herb, with tiny bluish flowers. It is used to kill head lice. Sangre. See Compsoneura sprucei, also Virola merendonis. Sangre de drago. See Croton draco. San Juan. See Vochysia guatemalensis. Sanpedrano. See Acacia sp., also Vochysia guatemalensis. Santamaria. See Calophyllum sp., also Piper auritum amplifolium. Sapium sp. JUSTE. EUPHORBIACEAE. Sarsaparilla. See ZARZAPARILLA. Saurauja sp. ZAPOTILLO. DILLENIACEAE. Sauvagesia erecta L. YERBA DEL JUDIO. OCHNACEAE. An ascending herb with small white flowers and violet stamens. Schizolobium kellermani Pittier. PLUMAJILLO. ZoRRA. F'ABACEAE, A tall, handsome tree, with slender white trunks and a feathery head of foliage. Seca-leche. See Lippia umbellata. Serjania mexicana Willd. BarBasco. _ SAPINDACEAE. A twining plant, used for poisoning fish. Sideroxylon tempisque Pittier. TEMPISQUE. SAPOTACEAE. Sideroxylon (?) sp. CANAMITO. SAPOTACEAE. A tree with bitter red sap, the wood used for ties. Sile. See Calliandra sp. Sirin. See Miconia lacera. Sisin. See Terminalia sp. Smilax ornata Lemaire. ZARZAPARILLA. (PLATE 33.) LILIACEAE. Foliage specimens of officinal sarsaparilla were collected near Izabal, and a flowering specimen has recently been sent me from the same locality by Sefior M. Hernandez C. The species is said to flower in Guatemala from January to March; the root is collected from January to April, and is not valuable after- wards. The roots are done up in small bundles, tied with pieces of the stem, and dried for a week over a slow fire. They are then tied up in bundles of 100 to 150 pounds, and shipped to New York, where they bring about one cent a pound. The plant grows in swamps, and has a thick four-angled stem with strong retrorsely curved spines, and large ovate leaves sparsely spiny on the nerves beneath. EXPLANATION OF PLATE 33.—Smilaz ornata, from Blake 7865, Guatemala. Natural size. Solanum torvum Swartz. ToMATILLO. SoLANACEAE, Stenorrhynchus sp. CHILE DEL MONTE. ORCHIDACEAE, s BLAKE—GUATEMALAN PLANT NAMES. GG Sterculia carthaginensis Cav. MANO DE LEON. STERCULIACEAE, Stigmaphyllon mucronatum (DC.) A. Juss. BEJUCO DE BATON. MALPIGHIACEAE, A twining herb. The fruit is said to be whitish with a blackish seed, and to be eaten by rats. Stylosanthes guyanensis (Aubl.) Swartz. YERBA DEL CAMPO. FABACEAE, An herb with small trifoliolate leaves and yellow flowers. An infusion of the plant is taken for pains in the side. Sunco. See Licania platypus. Sugquinay. See Vernonia aschenborniana. Sweetia panamensis Benth. CHICHIPATE. FABACEAE, A tree up to 30 meters high. The wood is used for posts, ties, and houses. Swietenia macrophylla King. CaAoBa. MELIACEAE. This, the Honduras mahogany, occurs on the eastern coast of Central America from Campeche to Honduras and for an undetermined distance southward, and is at present the most important species of mahogany commercially. Symphonia globulifera L. f. VARILLO. CLUSIACEAE. Tabaquillo. See Chelonanthus acutangulus. Tabernaemontana amblyblasta Blake.” CHAPUPO. COJ6ON DE GATO. COoJ6N DE MICO. APOCYNACEAE. A shrub about 5 meters high, with panicles of creamy-yellow flowers and oppo- site entire leaves. The fruit is said to be green or yellow. The milky juice of this plant is mixed with chicle for local use. It is also put on the flesh with a piece of tobacco leaf to draw out carnivorous insect larvae. Talauma poasana Pittier (?). YOROCONTE. MAGNOLIACEAE, A tree up to 40 meters high. The wood is used for posts and house construc tion. ; Tamarindo. See Dialium divaricatum, also Terminalia sp. Tamarindo prieto. See Dialium divaricatum. Tambor. See Ochroma bicolor. Tapaculo. See Guazuma ulmifolia. Té. See Hupatorium pycnocephalum. Tecoma pentaphylla Juss. MacurLizo (?). MANO DE LEON, BIGNONIACEAE. A tree up to 25 meters high, with palmately compound leaves and large pink flowers. The wood is used in house building. Tecoma sp. CORTEZ. BIGNONIACEAE. Tempisgue. See Sideroxrylon tempisque. Terminalia sp. NARANJO. QUEBRACHO. SISiN. TAMARINDO. COMBRETACEAE. The wood of this tree is used for ties and general construction. Thevetia plumeriaefolia Benth. CO6JON DE GATO. APOCYNACEAE. Toluifera pereirae (Klotzsch) Baill. SAaLvapoR BALSAM. FABACEAE. This tree grows on the mountain crests around La Florida, Honduras, and a small amount of the baisam is extracted for commercial purposes. Tomate. See Lycopersicum esculentum cerasiforme. Tomatillo. See Solanum torvum. Trespuntas. See Newrolaena lobata. ; Tridax procumbens L. CURA-GUSANO. ASTERACEAE. A trailing herb with creamy-yellow rays and yellow disk. The leaves are put on the flesh to kill carnivorous insect larvae. Trigo de montana. See Homolepis aturensis. *“ For illustration see Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 24: pl. 6. 1922. 100 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATION Tronero del monte. See Buchnera lithospermifolia. Tule chiquito. See Hleocharis sulcata. Tuno. See Castilla fallaz. Uisquilete. See Amaranthus spinosus. Uraco. See Licania platypus. Valeriana. See Chaptalia nutans. Vara blanca. See Casearia corymbosa, Varillo. See Symphonia globulifera. Verbena. See Hyptis verticillata. — Vernonia aschenborniana Schauer. SUQUINAY. A shrub with purplish flowers, used for stomach troubles. Violeta. See Ruellia pilosa. Virola merendonis Pittier. Draco. SANGRE. IS A tree up to 35 meters high, with leaves rusty-tomentose beneath, ant sap. The wood is used for boards. The fruits are eaten by fishes. Vismia ferruginea H. B. K. ACHIOTILLO. Vitex longeracemosa Pittier. BARRABAS (?). A tree with palmately compound leaves and lilac flowers. Vochysia guatemalensis Donn. Sm. San JUAN. SANPEDRANO. Vo A tree up to 25 meters high, with slender yellow flowers. The wood is for boards. See Ximenia americana L. MANZANILLA. OLACAC A tree with yellow astringent fruits, the size of a small plum, generally cooked. . Yaguay. See Pithecollobium sp. Yerba del caballo. See Melanthera nivea. Yerba del campo. See Stylosanthes guyanensis. Yerba del judio. See Sauvagesia erecta. Yerba del toro. See Borreria sp. Yoroconte. See Talauma poasana (?). Yucca aloifolia L. (?) ISorTE. A quick-growing tree, with large white flowers in a terminal pani A specimen about 18 feet high and 30 inches in circumference was said to be onl . about 8 years old. The flower cluster is cooked in salted water and eaten, I ; is rather bitter. Rope is made from the fibre of the leaves. : Zanthoxylum sp. CEIBILLO. LAGARTO. MALACAPA. Zapote. See Calocarpum mammosum. Zapotillo. See Achras chicle, also Saurauja sp. Zapotillo calenturiento. See Lucuma laeteviridis. e Zapotoén. See Pachira macrocarpa. Zarza de rio. See Mimosa sp. Zarzaparilla. See Smilax ornata. Zexmenia frutescens (Mill.) Blake. a A composite with yellow flowers. Said to furnish a medicine for i fevers. ; Zorra. See Schizolobium kellermani. Zuelania sp. PALAcio. PLATE 29. Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 24. ACHRAS CHICLE PITTIER PLATE 30. Cont Nate lenba =v Olhe24= Ra at acetone ose CASSIA ALATA L. Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 24. PLATE 3l. NNEUROLAENA LOBATA (L.) R. BR. PLATE, 32: Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 24. ot DC. PIPER AURITUM AMPLIFOLIUM C PLATE 33. Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 24. SSS VY Lh My, ‘fe SMILAX ORNATA LEMAIRE = ADDITIONAL COPIES OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PROCURED FROM _THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON, D. C. AT 10 CENTS PER COPY Vv " i \ 1 t SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION i UA 3 9088 0025 nhanth QK21 8