< { $ , a Ne ied Ae . * Viton vate ee hase ef ‘ ifr ¥% ti . 2.0 a < oy Te é ay : f taint 5 Si, = 3 Pe a “ . t 7 ; iy j by i f ay, 7 nay a PE ¥ * ¥ ¢ te nee : € A un i i nh He es i y ie, i) ih aA a THE MATURAL HISTORY OF SRI VFISH INSECTS; EXPLAINING THEM IN THEIR SEVERAL ISAT ES, WITH THE PERIODS OF THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS, THEIR FOOD, @CONOMY, &c. TOGETHER WITH THE HISTORY OF SUCH MINUTE INSECTS AS REQUIRE INVESTIGATION BY THE MICROSCOPE, THE WHOLE ILLUSTRATED BY BOLO UR IED) By.G\U. ROE. 5, DESIGNED AND EXECUTED FROM LIVING SPECIMENS, By) Ex oD ONO VAN, LONDON: PRINTED FOR THE AUTHOR, And for F, and C. Rivincron, N° 62, Sr, Paui’s CouncH-YARDe MDCCXCII, V\ 13'7648 Shih G HT. SKE ph Ones OF THE ANIMAL«o«SY $3 1E M: Li NN 4US divided the Animal Syftem into. fix claffes. Clafs I. Mammatta. Suckle their young. Il. Aves. (Birds) covered with feathers. II]. Ampureza. Lungs arbitrary. IV. Pisces. (Fifhes) breath by gills not arbitrarily. V. Insecra. (Infeéts) two antennx, or feelers *. VI. Vermes. No head, We therefore fee that Infeéts compofe the fifth Clafs in the Syftem, and are divided into feven Orders. Order I. Cottoprera. Wings two, covered by two fhells divided by a longitudinal future. II. Hemiprera. Shells or covers of the wings, fomewhat foft, and incumbent on each other. II. Leprpoprera. Wings four, imbricated with minute {cales. ; ® Thofe feelers are the two horns that are affixed to the head. B 2 IV. Neve ‘ PLATE? IV. Nevroptrera. Wings four, naked, tranfparent, reticu- Jated, with veins or nerves. ‘Tail without fting. V. HymMenopTera. Wings four. Membraneous; tail of the female armed with a fting. VI. Diprera. Wings two. VII. Aprera. No wings. TRANSFORMATIONS OF INSECTS. Many of our readers are no doubt acquainted with the fingular transformations Infects undergo, but we truft thofe will pardon a digreffion which may be ufeful to thofe who have not that knowledge 5 and without premifing farther we proceed to inform them, that Infects in general undergo a material change in their form at ftated periods of their lives; there are fome, though few, which burft forth from the egg perfectly formed, as Spiders, &c. but the greater part exift in four feveral ftates: the firft that of the egz, whence the Larva, or Caterpillar is produced; it is at firft very minute, but in this ftate it feeds, fome kinds on one or two plants only, others promifcuoufly on many, they therefore continue to increafe in fize, moulting feveral times the outer fkin, until the deftined period of their dormant ftate approaches ; they: then fpin a web more or lefs {trong according to the fpecies, and are converted into the aurelia, or chryfalis; and laftly they burft forth in due feafon with all their accomplifhments perfect. It is under this form they propagate a future race, and themfelves perifh, as they rarely furvive the inclemencies'of the winter. The antient naturalifts held fuppofitions very imperfect and erro- neous relative to thofe transformations, but MJalpight and Swammer- dam proved by many accurate examinations clearly, that thofe changes were not fuddenly effected, but gradual; and that under the form of the Caterpillar they could diftinguifh the future changes the Infect would undergo. 2 OL Aah Pas yd al, ie { PHALANA PAVONITIA, Emperor Moru. LEPIDOPTERA. Infects of the LEPIDOPTERA ORDER are divided into three Genera, Papitio, Spuinx, and PHaLrana, Butterflies, Hawk Moths, and Maths. ‘The characters of the two former hereafter: thofe of the Phalzena are GENERIC CHARACTER. The antennz fetaceous, decreafing in fize from the bafe to the apex. The wings, when at reft, are generally deflected. They fly in the night. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Antennz feathered. No trunk. Wings expanded, horizontal, rounded, entire, with a large eye in the center of each; the firft red- brown waved; the fecond orange. The antenne of the male are broader, and the wings of the female larger, waved with black and white and bordered with yellow. Caterpillar green or yellow, fpinous, on thorns and brambles. Length of the moth one inch.—Berken. Out. The conformity and likenefs which prevails between the male and fernale throughout the greater part of the animal fyftem, cannot how- ever in infects be implicitly depended on; the difference in many is fuch as even to miflead fome very accurate entomologifts, the illuftrious Linnzus not excepted. In this fpecies it is not fo great as in Re hon iy PLA Sas. - in many, but fuch as entitles it to a figure in a future plate; the want of room determining us to defer it for the prefent. Our figure is that of the male. Albin, (Plate 25, Subject 37,) has given a figure of the male and female on the fame plate, and defcribes a male to have changed to the - aurelia ftate as in our plate reprefented Fx/y 16, and March 18 fol- lowing to have produced the Fly. But the time of their appearance de- pends on the proportion of heat and cold; what the author mentions was preferved from the feverity of winter, in a warm room ; the ufual time to find them in the caterpillar ftateis Auguft, and in April the fly. The fingular provifion which nature makes for the protection of this Fly deferves particular notice ; when the time of its continuation in the caterpillar ftate is expired, like all others, it refufes to eat; it then, by much labour, forms a kind of bag or purfe, of a very tough fubftance ; this it fixes againft the trunks of trees, &c. by a number of hairs or filaments, which remain on the external furface. It lines the outer cafe by one of a finer texture, the top of which is clofed by feveral briftles that unite in the center, exactly reprefenting a cap, and excludes almoft the poffibility of its receiving an injury during this defencelefs ftate. In this bag it paffes to the aurelia, and remains until the birth of the perfect infet.—Our figure reprefents the chryfalis or aurelia in the bag; part appears torn away to exhibit its fituation therein. Were we to unite the feveral accounts of authors refpecting its food it would appear a general feeder; it will however live on the rofe, the elm, and the willow; and on thorns and brambles particularly, PLATE P LA is) aT, EF IuG.) I MONOCULUS QUADRICORNIS, APTERA. Apterous infects are diftinguifhed chiefly by having no wings in either male or female. GENERIC CHARACTER. The feet are formed for fwimming. ‘The body is covered with a cruftaceous cafe or fhell. ‘The eyes fixed in the fhell very near each other. SpeciFic CHARACTER. Grey brown. Oneeye. Antennz four. Body diminifhes towards the tail, which is long and bifid, with three or four ftrong hairs on each fide. A bag of eggs on each fide of the tail. Length half a line.—Berk. Out. Although this infeét may have been noticed by many fwimming, or rather darting fwiftly in various directions in water; its minutenefs is fuch, that the moft attentive could never have comprehended precifely its component parts; but the microfcope difcovers it to be an animal of fuch fingular formation as highly to deferve the attention of the naturalift. It is covered by a firm cruftaceous fubftance, divided into annulations, and armed in feveral parts with fpines and briftles; not- withftanding 4 i al pe PLA FR ye 9 withftanding which, this fhell is fo tranfparent that the whole motion of the inteftines is very vifible by a good magnifier. It muft be granted that, but for the microfcope, the wonders of the minute creation would be to us entirely unknown, our ideas could never fuppofe the exiftence of thofe animated forms which occupy the immeafurable fpace between an apparent atom and nothing. “The myriads of animations, thoufands of times {maller than a mite, muft evade our cognizance, and be an actual conviction of their non exiftence. But with all the utility that the microfcope cam boaft, no inftru- ment is fo likely to miflead the moft accurate obferver, particularly if not in the habit of ufing it; the variations of light, the powers of magnification, or the damage the glafles may meet with by accident, fuch as requires every one to examine with the greateft care; one degree of light may bring an objec to view, whilft another may en- tirely blend it with the fluid it exifts in; or one glafs may difcover fpines on an object, another glafs might have reprefented perfectly fmooth ; it is therefore neceflary to begin with a {mall power, in pro- portion to the fize of the object, and to proceed to deeper mag- nifiers after. There is feme difference in our figure and thofe either of Barbut, or of Baker, which appears chiefly from our ufing a fingle lens nearly of the deepeft power convenient to ufe. Our glafles were the 20th and 3oth of an inch focus. We very attentively examined the eyes, and found, not one, but two, placed near each other, on a fcale or plate of a black colours hence arifes the appearance of a fingle eye by a {mall magnifying power. The tail prefents a forked appearance by a deep power, and the eggs are contained in two bags, one on each fide the tail, “The co- lour varies probably in proportion to the nature of its food, to pale green, more or lefs of a red, or of a grey brown colour. Fic. 10 Pel) At ae NT, Pale: “IF. This minute animalcula is frequent in ftagnant water, or in infufions of vegetables, and is one fpecies of thofe whofe exiftence can only be difcovered by a good microfcope. It is very difficult, confidering the power thofe creatures have to diftort their true form at pleafure, to fix their diftinguifhing character: therefore where the definition appears dubious, we prefer being filent rather than hazard an error. Fic. 2. Reprefents them (magnified) as they fometimes feem to follow the leader in herds ; but perhaps it is only the fcent of the prey that induces each to follow the foremoft, as they frequently {wim or whirl in the water feparately, with great fwiftnefs, devouring the fmaller kinds of animalculz. Fic. 3. Two, magnified by a deep power, when they appear to have feet or fins. Fic. 4. Shews the ftrange form it affumes to depofit its eggs. Fic. 5. The Eggs deeper magnified. PLATE ee ARN pA a Pesaro Ee? TE PHALANA BUCE PHA ‘LA, Burr-tie Morn. LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antenne taper from the bafe to the apex, and are fetaceous. Wings in general defleCted when at reft. Fly by night. No Trunk. Wings reverfed, i.e. firft Wings horizontal and fecond erect. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Antenne feathered. Firft Wings grey, with two double tranfverfe brown waves, and a large yellowifh brown {pot at the extreme angle. Second Wings plain, light yellow, length fcarce one inch. Cater- pillar hairy, yellow with black fpots. On Oaks, Ath, &c.—Berken- bout. The delicate affemblage of beautiful down which cloath the upper wings of the Bufi-tip Moth is its chief recommendation ; the hiftory affords but little for obfervation, it is hatched from the egg in Augu/t, and in une following the fly is perfect. Its beauty avails not the race of birds who purfue them from neceffity, or from an innate defire of cruelty and devaftation; and ~ whilf 12 PL Aww EY tT, whilft happy in its apparent fecurity, ranging the plain to experience the pleafures of liberty, to banquet in the nectareous profufion of the vegetable kingdom, or catch the dew-drop from the humid air, to infpirit and refrefh his parched fyftem from the mid-day heat, he be- comes a dupe to his happinefs, his pleafures at once fully, and he falls an unrefifting viGtim into the devouring jaws of death, PVE A TD Ee ae PHALZENA GROSSULARIATA. Macpye, or Currant-Mortne GENERIC CHARACTER, The antennz fetaceous, decreafing in fize from the bafe to the point. ‘The Wings, when at reft, generally deflected. Fly by night. Antenne taper, like briftles. SpeciFic CHARACTER. Antennz and Legs black. Body yellow, with black fpots. Wings white, with many black patches, and a tranfverfe yellow wave on the firft pair. Caterpillar white, with black fpots ‘on the Back; Belly yellow. Berk, Out. Seema EE Lai! ER IMS DNE A The Magpye-Moth is one of the geometre; and feeds on Goofberry and Currant-bufhes, as it’s name indicates. The Caterpillar is found in May ; and in Fuly, the Fly. The Caterpillar, previous to its change to the Chryfalis ftate, fpins a web of a very flight and delicate texture, by which it is fufpended horizontally againit the branches of trees, &c. as in our Plate re- prefented, SR 9 Cha i Ni t Y, } % a Wy Lisa Oe cs a 4 2 ges ge ls BG. ul: MONOCULUS CONCHACEUS., APTERA. Without wings. GENERIC CHARACTER. Body covered with a cruft or fhell. Feet made for fwimming. SpecrFic CHARACTER. Inclofed in a bivalve, afh-coloured fhell, from the aperture of which it puts forth a number of capillary antennz, which it retracts when taken out of the water. To acquire a proper knowledge of the formation of this minute in- fet, it is neceffary to ufe a microfcope with a glafs ftage for objects, or rather fuch as admit of nicely adjufting a talc as occafion may re- quire: the infect to be taken from the water with a camel-hair pencil, and carefully placed on the tale ; after which it may be examined by a magnifier of 2 of an inch focus; but in proceeding to a deeper power, let the talc be turned the upper furface with the infe&t in the drop of the fluid from the lens, and thereby the lens may approach the object to its proper focus ; without this caution the lens would be frequently immerged in the water, and entirely obftruct the fight. In the adult ftate, the opacity of the bivalve fhell, its external co- vering, fo entirely obfcures the internal motion, that nothing, except the filaments it throws from the aperture or opening, is vifible by the microfcope. It breaks from the egg perfeCtly formed, but very minute and tran parent; this is therefore the beft time to difcover its ftructure, and from one in this ftate we have taken our figure. 5 By Poly Amey av. i) By the antenne it dire&ts its courfe, as does the Monoculus Quadri- cornis; and like italfo it hath two eyes fixed in the fhell, but it can com- pletely envelop its head in its bivalve covering ; its mouth is beneath, but the numerous filaments it darts forth, caufes fuch a violent motion in the water, that the minuter infects are unrefiftingly drawn between them, and forced to the mouth. The motion of its lungs is very vifible, as are alfo the veffels rami- fying thence. Its food is carried to, and digefted in the deep-coloured tube, or inteftine, and the refufe is difcharged bya fudden jerk from the extremity of the tube, or anus. ‘Thus it exifts, a life of rapine and deftruction, enjoyed at the ex- pence of the lives of thoufands; and as the objects of its ravenous dif- pofition are defencelefs, fo are they the fport of their conqueror: the few moments of intermiffion its craving appetite grants them, is occu- pied equally in the fpoil, firft preffing them to death, and then toffing them undevoured into the fluid. But fhould a more powerful infe& oppofe him, he immediately con- tracts his parts, and nothing more than the external covering is open to his antagonift’s violence, and he will fooner die ignobly than offer the leaft oppofition. Pi liGsy ; tk This animalcule is very minute, and appears like a fine membrane without inteftines before the microfcope; from the appearance of its winged fides, it is fuppofed to refemble a bird. It is called Burfaria Etrundinella. Foi Gey dilh The back and fide view of an animalcule found in ditch-water on duck-weed, very pellucid, and fingularly marked in the inteftines ; tail moveable, and thereby it directs its courfe. Pea TE. Vi. SPHINX FILIPENDULA. Burnet Morn. GENERIC CHARACTER. Sphinx, Antennz thickeft in the middle. Wings, when at reft, deflexed. Fly flow, morning and evening only. Speciric CHARACTER. Antennz, Legs, and Body black. Second Wings red, with a greenifh border. Firft Wings bluifh green, with fix red f{pots, in pairs, length eight lines. Caterpillar yellow, with black fpots. Berk, Out. TE The female has but five red fpots on the upper Wing, the two {pots at their bafe being placed fo near each other as only to form one large f{pot. It feeds on the Geni/fa Anglica, needle furze ; on the Ulex Europecus, common furze ; and on the filipendula. The Caterpillars of moft of the infects of this genus are armed with a {pine or horn above the anus, in which particular this differs. It is in the Caterpillar ftate in May, and ‘une, and in “fuly the Sphinx, ae] Pigs fk (OR. 0es) o BR, | Cre RYS ET Soe GG aN iL in wle HYMENOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER, The abdomen hath three annulations exclufive of the anus, the antennz hath twelve articulations, exclufive of the firft joint which is longer than the reft. The body fhines like polifhed metal. A kind of collar is very diftinct in this gewus. ‘The anus is dentated, having one, two, or more teeth. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. The antennz are black, the thorax a fine mazarine blue, having in fome poiitions a greenifh caft, the abdomen a fine gold colour with fhades of crimfon and yellow green; the anus hath four teeth or denticulations.—arris Inf. Exotic Infects, or at leaft thofe of the Eaft, and Welt Indies, for the effulgence, and beauty, of their colouring in general, claim a fuperiority over the natives of this climate; but the appearance of this Chryfis -before the {peculum of an opake microfcope, may vie with many of the moft favourite foreigners hitherto difcovered: the richnefs D of ‘ 20 oy PE A eee VLE, of changeable coiours blending into each other, according to the vari- ations of the light reflected on the furface, is fuch that we freely con- fefs our inability, or even the inability of art, to equal, though we truft our figure will give fome idea of the delightful appearance of the original. The Fly of the natural fize is given on the fore ground, the mag- nified figure above. ei 4 It is found againft decayed trees or Walls, in the hotteft fun-fhine of Summer, PL Aas Biles, wad) aN, ui Som Fyre ae % Roe neem} Bee AGLTIE, Wit: VORTICELLA LUNARIS GENERIC CHARACTER. A worm capable of contracting or extending itfelf, naked, with rotatory cilia. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Simple, hemifpherical, with a twifted pedicle. © The {mall head of this animalculum is crater-form, the margin “¢ of the orifice protuberant, ciliated on both fides, the hairs undula- “ ting, the pedicle eight or ten times-the length of the body. As often as the mouth is opened, the pedicle extends itfelf; when it is fhut, this is twifted up fpirally, and their motions are often reite- “ rated in a fhort fpace. “ Fic. 1. the head, expanded. the undulated edge.” Fic. 2. when fhut———F ice. 3. 6 an Adams’s Effays on the Microfcope. Fic. 4. found in infufions of hay; and is called Trichoda Uvula. D2 PLATE Lia | ho. i) fa POE ACTER A 1X, PHALHNA EVONYMELLA. SMALL Ermine Morn, LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antenne taper like briftles. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Firft wings filver-white, with fifty fmall black fpots in rows. Second wings lead-colour. Phaleena Evonymella feeds on the white-thorn, black-thorn, and on fruit-trees ; in May the caterpillars are hatched, and as they live in focieties of hundreds, or even thoufands, by their united induftry they {pin a web fpacious enough to contain the family, and therein they ailume their feveral forms ; early in June they become chryfalides, and in about fourteen days the Flies are perfect. The caterpillars of the Pha. Padella and Evonymella are ever found in the fame fociety, and many circumftances may be advanced _ 4 to Sere Kt Rie Wate Oy pt! +> » te Shed Cane a Bok alt Ei De a4 to prove them either varieties of each other, or difference of fex only, » although Linnzeus confidered them as diftinct fpecies. They differ in colour, the caterpillars of one being light yellow brown, the other black, and the upper wings of the Evcnymella are lefs of a lead colour than thofe of the Padella. To gain information on this fubject, we, this feafon, put the eggs of feveral females into different glafles; the eggs of each female pro- duced both kinds of caterpillars, they became chryfalides, and a num- ber of each fort of the Flies came forth. PLATE Poe A Eo PHALANA CHRYSORRHGA. YELLow Tait Moru. LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. No trunk. Wings depreffed, deflexed. Back fmooth. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Antenne feathered. Entirely white, except the extremity of the abdomen, which is yellow. Caterpillar black and red, hairy.— Berk, Out. Linnzus in the Sy/tema Nature, has confounded the Yellow Tail, with the Brown Tail, Moth, nor was it generally confidered as an error till fome time after ; but the immenfe increafe of the caterpillars of the Brown Tail Moth in the year 1780, afforded an opportunity of determining them to be diftinct fpecies. Though foreign to our purpofe, and properly under the hiftory of the Brown Tail Moth, we cannot pafs over fuch remarkable circumftances as attended the uncommon increafe of this fpecies in the above winter. The Bre kT Eee 26 ew Lhe fears of the public muft have been great indeed, when prayers were offered to avert the famine fuppofed to be threatened by the ap- pearance of thofe infects in the ftate of the caterpillar. In July the Caterpillar is found feeding on the white-thorn, fallow, apple-trees, and on fruit-trees in general, about the latter end of the fame month it fpins a web of a tough texture again{ft the branches of trees, &c, becomes an aurelia, and in Auguft the Fly comes forth. Wo 1 Pee 2 ee ACARUS COLEOPTRAT O RUM, *s BEETLE-LICK. APTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Legs eight. Eyes two, lateral. ‘Tentaculz two, jointed. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Tawny. Anus whitith. This Tick is one of thofe deteftable race of animals whofe minutenefs fecures it from danger, while it draws nutriment from the blood, and frequently from the vitals of larger infeéts. Every animal is tormented by thofe cruel and blood-thirfty beings, varying in fize, in fhape, and in colour, but whether they be diftinguifhed by the name of lice, bugs, fleas, or mites, they fall under one point of view, when con- fidered as a peft to the focieties of other animals. Beetles are in general infefted and feverely injured by thofe vermin. I found about a month fince one of the Scarabeus Stercorarius, Com- E mon 28 (Po Ae ON: mon Dor, or Clock, almo® devoured alive by them; little except his fhell remaining ; yet, in this ftate it lived feveral days. “There were a number of {mall brown bags athxed by pedicles to its breaft, thighs, and even feet; the microfcope difcovered thofe to contain each an embryo, and the pedicle, no doubt, anfwered the part of an umbilical — chord, to extract nourifhment from the living creature. I per- ceived on further infpection their bafe penetrated the fhell, or entered the apertures. Fic. 1. Natural fize of the Tick and Embryo. Fic. 2. The upper fide, and Fie. 3. under fide, magnified. GRADUAL, from thefe what numerous kinds defcend, Evading even the microfcopic eye! All Nature fwarms with life ; one wond’rous mafs OF Animals or Atoms organized, Waiting the vital breath, when PARENT HEAVEN Shall bid his Spirit blow. —— -—— —— —— —> s—— Thefe, conceal’d By the kind art of forming HEAVEN, efcape The groffer eye of man: for, if the worlds In worlds inclos’d, fhould on his fenfes burft, From cates ambrofial, and the neftar’d bowl He would abhorrent turn 3 and in dead night When filence Meeps o’er all, be funn’d with noife. THOMSON’s SEASONS. PLATE i" sar mah : hi) Hay veretty, atten Ls Pe Ae See CICINDELA CAMPESTRIS. SPARKLER. CoLEOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antennz taper. Jaws prominent, denticulated. Eyes prominent, ‘Thorax margined. Five joints in each foot. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Above green-gold. Beneath copper tinged. Eyes large. "Thorax angular and narrower than the head. Six fpots on each fhell. An oval fubftance at the bafe of each thigh. Legs long and flender. This beautiful infe& varies fomething in fize and colour, the fpots on the elytra are generally white, but are often found with {pots of yellow ; they fly or run quick, are carnivorous, and live in dry fandy places. In the {pring its larva is found, which refembles a long, foft, whitifh worm, with fix legs and a brown {caly head ; it perforates 9° the a5 OP Aas. ro) “the fand perpendicularly, and refts near the furface to enfnare {maller infects. It is very dificult, if at all poffible, to breed thofe infects and ob+ ferve their metamorphofes; we have tried various methods, but have not yet been fo fortunate as to fucceed. 13 aest [nl © pica ad Baie Data SD eC Ce AGN. US CCE RV, US, Stac BEETLE. CoLEOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antennz clavated, comprefled, pectinato-fiffile. Maxille extended fo as to refemble horns. Five joints in each foot. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Head and Thorax black. Shells dark brown. Horns refembling thofe of a Stag, forked at the end, a fmall branch near the middle on the infide, moveable. Shells plain. The Stag-Beetle is the largeft coleopterous infect we poflefs, but its fize is infignificant, when compared with thofe of the fame kind that inhabit hot countries or woodlands, as inftanced in the Scarabeus Flercules, &cs © ae € 32 PL ge) X00 = It is fufficiently diftinguifhed in this country by the moveable maxil- Jz, or jaws, that project from the head; they are of a dark red co- Jour, and though brighter in fome fpecimens, are rarely of the beau- tiful coral appearance Barbut and other authors have defcribed. Coleopterous infects in general are endowed with amazing ftrength, and their arms are equally ferviceable for the aflault or defence. The antlers of this Beetle are carefully to be avoided by fuch as attempt to deprive it of liberty; with them it ftrips off the bark of oak trees, and attaches itfelf firmly to the trunk, thence extracting the liquor that eozes with its tongue. They are plentiful in June and July, in Kent and Effex, and in many ether parts of Britain. The ee are known by their maxillze being much fhorter than thofe of the males; they depofit their eggs under the bark of old trees, either oak or afh, and the food of the larvee, or grubs, is the internal fubftance of the trunk, firft reduced to a fine powder; they undergo - transformation in this cell, and force a paflage through the bark when perfect beetles, Pla is 14: 533.9) eubae B XEY RP LemOpDaA POCIL LUM TRICHODA. An invifible, pellucid, hairy worm. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, Oblong trichoda, the fore-part truncated and hairy, the tail articu- Jated, and divided into two briftles. This invifible animalculum is common in marfhy places, particu- larly in the fwamps near the banks of the river Thames, When magnified, the body is pellucid, and appears as two feparate bodies, one enclofing the other; the interior part is filled with mole- cules, and the exterior is membranaceous: they are capable of exten- fion or dilation, and of folding in various direGtions. At the extre- mity of the interior part is a mufcular orbicular membrane, which is opened or fut at pleafure, and forms the mouth. Fic. 1. The interior part protruded with the mouth open. Fic. 2. The jaws thut. F 2 EP aA Dott bebe bia nett a 7 iL Ga Nini EPA VW a) Pig) vy | Rigs | PAL ATE XV, PHALHNA CAJA, Great Tycer Morn. LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antenne taper from the bafe. No trunk. Wings deprefled, de. flexed. Back fmooth. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. ¥& Antenne feathered. Firft wings whitifh, with large irregular dark brown fpots. Abdomen and fecond wings orange, with black fpots, The fuperior wings in fome of this fpecies have fmaller brown fpots, and more of the cream colour; in others the {pots are larger,'and frequently two are united to form one. The inferior wings alfo admit of equal variety; the {pots near the thorax are often united, and the {mall black ftripes on the back are fewer in the prefent fpecimen than are common to the Moth. The 36 PL AME 4 Xv. The caterpillars feed on lettuces, or nettles, When he is appre- henfive of danger, he rolls himfelf up like a hedge-hog. He be- comes a chryfalis in May; and the latter end of June, or early in July, it produces the Moth, PLATE A WE, Ig fe37 4 PwLA TE. XV PHALENA ANTIQUA. Wuire Spor Tussock Morn, OR Vila Peon U! RE Re) LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antennz taper from the bafe. No trunk. Wings deprefled. Back hairy. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Antenne feathered. Firft wings cloudy, orange, waved and fpot- ted with brown, and a white fpot on the pofterior angle. Female without wings. The female Vapourer Moth at firft fight perfectly refembles an ap- terous infect; but on infpection, very {mall wings are feen at the ex- tremity of the Thorax, and the antennz determine it to be a phalena. It creeps in a fluggifh manner, and lays an abundance of eggs, Fic. 1. the Female. Fic. 2. the Male. The 38 PL 2 es Xve. The Caterpillars feed on white thorn, and on trees in general. It has been known to live on the deadly night-fhade, and other poifonous plants. ‘The Caterpillars are found in July, and the Moth in Sep- tember. : Tes a ; oy eat sf Beta fi a (Bi me Te! RVI VORTICELUA URCEOLARTS: GENERIC CHARACTER. A {mall animal, with a vafcular cup; the mouth is at one end ciliated, and capable of being contracted; the ftem fixed: SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Single, with a fhort tail, and toothed mouth: This Animalcum is but perceptible to the naked eye, appearing ag a {mall white fpeck; the microfcope difcovers the external covering to be fo tranfparent, that all the motions of the animal-within are per- fecily diftinét: It hath a double rotatory inftrument, which, however, it can conceal or fhew at pleafure; and it hath power to protrude the head and tail as at Pic..1. or to contract them within the external coat or covering, as at Fic. 2.—When the animal intends to difplay its rotatory inftrument, it forces its tail through the hole at the extremity of the outer coat, and affixes it to whatever fubftance is near; but when it fwims, it moves its tail backwards and forwards to affift it. ‘hey are found in river, or flagnant, water. 40 Pio AUR Var, But iG. It, TRICHODA\ VERMIGULA RIS. GENERIC -CHARAGT ER. An invifible, pellucid, hairy worm. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Long cylindrical trichoda, with a fhort neck, the apex hairy, Is found in river water, and can aflume various forms, as in our figure fhewn, , she L, A es 18 Pon TD eh XVUE NE PA (Cle E ORE A, 4 WATER SCORPION, HEMIPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER, Antenne, or fore legs, cheliform, wings crofled and complicated ; fore part coriaceous. ? SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Black brown. Head fmall. Antennz cheliform. ‘Thorax almoft {quare. "Target large, brown. Shells large. One joint in each foot, Length near an inch. In the female the abdomen terminates in twa - Jeng appendices. Four legs only. There ate three fpecies only of this genus common to our waters, though the waters of hot countries abound with various kinds, fome confiderably exceeding in fize even our Sphinx Atropos. The Infe&t finks its eggs into the cavity of a rufh, or other aquatic plant, whence the larve are hatched, The perfect infect is found in y June, 43 June; and thence to September or later; they are voracious, and feed on other aquatic animals, grafping their prey between their fore feet, and tearing them to pieces with their fharp roftrum.—They fly in the eveniné, and thus remove in herds from one pool to another when PL AaB XVI. danger approaches: It is fuppofed by fome authors, that the fore feet of the nepa are the antennz, and if this be admitted, the Infect hath only four feet ; but if confidered deftitute of its antennz, it hath fix: ee a ' (7 “NM ww {J ibe ee? OGD. CH Ras ES) BL DLE Nia RA: HYMENOPTERA. GENERIC, CHARACTER. ‘Thorax joined to the abdomen bya fhort pedicle. Abdomen divided into three fegments. Sting fimple. Wings not folded. Antenne fili- form of one long and eleven fhori joints each. SPECIFIG, CHARACTER. Head and laft fegment of the body, fky blue, changeable. Thorax, and two ‘firft annulations of the abdomen, crimfon with gold fpots. Thorax with two teeth. SS EE SSS ot The Chryfis Bidentata is fearcely fo large, and by no means fo common as the Chryfis Ignita, (not exceeding one-third of an inch in length) but is equal, if not fuperior in beauty and richnefs of colour. The head, but more particularly the laft fegment of the body, appears in one direction of light, blue, in another green, in another purple, &c. and the thorax, and two firft fegments of the abdomen are far more enriched with a golden appearance ; the ground colour is deep crimfon, but the metallic appearance on the lighter parts, and the number of fmall gold fpots which befprinkle it, greatly diminith the firength of colour, and renders ‘it, even before it is magnified, a fuperb little infect. : It is found in May or June in fome parts of Kent and Effex. H PLATE a et 29) Ce 4s. (oe Pol AT ey FS Gah, PHALANA CHRISTIERNANA. LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Pyralis. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Firft wings yellow, with rofe-coloured marks. Under wings floffy, brownifh grey. The natural hiftory of this Phalzna is fo little known, that we freely confefs our inability to fhew its transformations; and al- though a deviation from our firft intention, we truft the fearcity of the Fly will plead our excufe. We fhall occafionally introduce figures of fome rare and non-defcript fubjects, which we hope will be highly fatisfa&tory to many of our fubfcribers. Our fpecimen was taken at Feverfham ; they are fometimes met with about Darnwood in June or July. FIG; 46 PLA aoe Mo MACNN, OOP aw Ss BL OU Dal oO. GENERIC CHARACTER. A pellucid, invifible, cirrated worm. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Curled Himantopus; the upper part hairy, the tail extended upe wards. PLATE 2d (eat an Pree TOKE Po Ata A POR UN A RT A. | Orance Morn. LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Geometre. Antennz feathered. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Wings orange, fprinkled with brown, and a femi-lunar {pot on the firft pair. Female paler than the male. Caterpillar yellow brown, with two fpines before and two behind. ‘The caterpillars of this Moth feed on iruit-trees, or on thorns, in the month of May; the Chryfalis is commonly found, rolled up in a decayed leaf, inwardly protected by the web, in June; and in July the Moth. The prefent figure is of the male. ' PLATE ag J Pik rb oO XX Toa PB. UP Aw Pl UME Ob SAL Sea TIPuta. DipTERa. GENERIC CHARACTER. Head long. Palpi four, curved. Trunk very fhort. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, Brown. Thorax greenifh. ie black. Fore legs longeft. Wings fhorter than the abdomen. Is found in the month of April near marfhes, and has been fre- quently miftaken for the common Gnat. Dee, oe Oe de reA TE XX Saad Pee AS Vo EeSeP TL Le CoLEOPTERA. GENERIC GHARACTER. Antenne clavated, foliated. Head prominent. ‘Thorax margined. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, Margin of the thorax broad. Shells abbreviated, black, with two orange belts. ‘Thigh of the hind legs large, with a fpine near theix origin; length one inch, This fpecies, like moft of the Coleopterous Infects, delights in filth and putrefcence, and are rarely found except in the dung, or dead bodies of larger animals, whofe entrails they devour; they prey on the larvze of fmaller infeéts beneath the furface of the earth, or they will deftroy each other. Their Grubs are fecreted in perforations made in the earth by the female, and therein they change to their laft or perfect ftate-in June or July: thofe Grubs are to be found by following the track of a plough. They fly well with the tranfparent wings, which are concealed be- neath the Elytra or upper Shells. The male is rather {maller than the female, and the orange belts are of a deeper hue: though both male and female vary in the ftrength of colour when alive, and yet more when preferved in cabinets, as they fometimes become almoft brown. All infe&ts are fubject to this change, whatever may be the care of the eollector. pm I Pa AMEE Peer ie { 4G hy ab et ; Gy f eae. i ul wa) ANS \ he iba Tf a4 = oe Pie 2 EB XAXTYV. LIBELLULA DEPRESSA, DVR ANG oow | aL y, NEUROPTERA. Wings four, naked, tranfparent, reticulated with veins or nerves. Tail without a fting. GENERIC CHARACTER. Mouth with two long lateral jaws. Antenne very fhort. “Tail of the male forked. Wings extended. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Eyes brown. ‘Thorax greenifh, with two yellow tranfverfe bands. A large black {pot at the bafe of each Wing, and a fmall dark mark on their exterior margin. Body deprefled, lance-fhaped. All the fpecies of Libellula, but particularly the larger kinds, are confidered by many rather as objects of terror, than fubjects worthy in- fpection ; and the vulgar denomination of Horfe-/tinger, contributes to this abhorrence: although it hath no power over animals of fuch mag- nitude, it is perfectly a Vulture among lepidoptereus, or other defencelefs Infecis, deftroying more for its fport than for its voracious appetite. The Fly is on the wing in May, and June, in almoft every marfhy fituation; the female lays her eggs near the roots of Ofiers on the banks of ditches, or finks them into the ftalks of Rufhes in the water 5 ghey hatch, and an ugly apterous infect, of a brown colour, comes : forth ; $4 PL ACT ee ety. forth; it hath a long body like the Fly, fix Legs, anda forked Head, a fharp {pine at the extremity of the abdomen, and a row of fpines on each fide, one at every joint; it plunges into the water, and imme- diately devours fuch of the inhabitants, or their eggs, as comes within its reach, and it continues this life of depredation until its next change. ‘They are to be taken with a, {mall hand-net. All tranfparent objects, in a certain direction before a microfcope, reflect the colours of the prifm. The Zzpula Plumofa exhibits, in this fituation, an effulgence of colouring, which its natural fize con- veys but {mall veftiges of; and the colours on the wing of this Libellula appears far more vivid when magnified. The body of the male is bluifh grey; the prefent fpecimen is the female. PLATS we) ieee St a Tee Re EO See ciea NOG. ACP OS BOR’ NETS. Bee Hornet SPHINX. GENERIC CHARACTER, Antennz thickeft in the middle. Wings, when at reft, deflexed. SPECIFIG CHARACTER. Wings tranfparent, with brown veins. Abdomen yellow, the firft and fourth divifion from the thorax dark, purplifh. “Thorax brown, with two yellow patches in front. Head yellow. Antennz dark brown. Linn, Syft. Nat. The Caterpillar of the Sphinx Api-formis is an internal feeder, and found only by making an incifion into the innermoft fubftance of the Poplar, the only tree the female commonly depofits her Eggs on; it is to us unknown, as is alfo the time of continuing within the trunk of the tree; but in June, early in the morning, or in the evening, the Chryfalis is feen iffiing through the bark, from a perforation in the trunk, which the Caterpillar had formed previous to its change, gene- rally to the depth of fix or ‘eight inches, or more. Nature has furnifhed every fegment of the Chryfalis with a double row of tharp teeth, or fpines, therewith it firmly attaches itfelf to the fides of the cavity, and, by repeated exertions to break from its prifon, gradually comes forth; thus, when it hath extricated itfelf from the tree, and the Chryfalis is fupported as in our Plate reprefented, the upper parts burft afunder with violence, and the infect rufhes forth to enjoy “ the tem- perature of the fummer feafon.”’ It is rarely found except in Effex. K There 56 PL Aya ORY... There is another Sphinx, which differs in fo few particulars, that it hath been miftaken for the prefent fubje€t; notwithftanding, it may be eafily diftinguifhed by a crefcent of yellow in the fore part of the thorax, and thence entitled the Lunar Hornet Sphinx; a Drawing of which Infect, with the larva, has been prefented to the Linnean Society. ‘This larva is nearly the fize of the Buff-tip Caterpillar, and of an obfcure brown colour; probably the larva of the Sp. 4pz-formis may much refemble it. It is arranged in many cabinets under the title of Sphinx Vefpi- formis; but the Sp. Vefpiformis, in the Linnean Collection, now in the pofleffion of Dr. Smith, fcarcely exceeds half the fize of this fub- ject, and is probably unique. The Lunar Hornet-Sphinx had no place in that cabinet. PLA TE 26 OP aR ORs i Bw a ie, 78 Beals Gat ol Pe COMO DA COME: Ta, GENERIC CHARACTER. An invifible, pellucid, hairy Worm. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Spherical, the fore part hairy, with an appendant globule. Pet Goan ell ERC HOD A: LON GTC AUD A. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Cylindrical, the firft part truncated, and fet with hairs. The tail long, with two joints, and terminated by two briftles. BGs ile 2 VORTICELLA TROCHIFORMIS NIGRA. GENERIC CHARACTER, A Worm, capable of contracting or extending itfelf, naked, with rotatory cilia. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, Top-fhaped black vorticella, K 2 x 58 Pu A aE xR VE. This fpecies of Vorticella appears, without the affiftance of a micro- {cope, as {mall black fpecks, fwimming on the water, particularly in meadows which are inundated. ‘They are conftantly in motion; and two {mall white hooks are perceptible by glafles at 1—1 ; by the help of .thofe it is fuppofed to fwim, or they may inclofe fome rotatory or~ gan, The infect is opaque. PLATE es Me ( tad ay ‘pag fie sq” Pi A FE RX VER: Pb Poa Wek A A Rol Ede 1S: Common Wasp BEETLE. CoLEOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antennz tapering tothe end. Shells narrower at the apex. Thorax fomewhat cylindrical. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Black. Anterior and pofterior margin of the Corflet yellow. Four yellow lines on each elytra or Shell. Lz. Sy/?, Nat. They fly well, and are fometimes found on aquatic plants. They are exceedingly numerous in Kent, in the peafe and bean-fields, in May, or on the cwrrant-bufhes, and not unfrequently are taken on the fern, ! PLATE tr PRAY: Ee XXVIT. CHRYSOMELA ASPARAGL COLEOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. ‘Antenne knotted, enlarging towards the ends. Corflet margined, and body oblong. ‘Thorax narrow. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Head, Antennz, and under fide of the Body black. ‘Thorax red, with two black fpots. Shells dark green, with fix yellow fpots. Length one line. Lin. Sy/t. Nat. ‘This pretty Cloeopterous Infect is found in June on the Afparagus, when in feed. Linnzeus calls it 4/paragi, from the larve feeding on the leaves of that plant. It is a common infect, but forms a beautiful opaque object for the microfcope. The natural fize is given at Fi “ig. de and the magnified appearance above. el) Mn 6a 4 Py Py | ROXEX, YEG. 7 Ol. ® TRICGCH-O.D.A..M-E L-L,FE A. GENERIC CHARACTER. An invifible, pellucid, hairy Worm. SPeCTHIC CHARACTER. Objong ciliated trichoda, with a dilatable neck, the apex globular, and furrounded with hairs. Adiller’s Animalcula Infuforia, &c. Invifible to the naked eye, and rarely found except in falt-waters, although we have met with one {pecimen in the water of the Thames. ae bas Gone SA Us VOR Cte Lela: ON A SoU DA. GENERIC CHARACTER. A Worm, capable of contracting or extending itfelf, naked, with rotatory cilia. : SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Cylindrieal, with a prominent point in the middle of the cup. Adil- ler’s Anim. Infu/. ee EEE a Isinvifible to the naked eye, and appears of an unequal fize before the microfcope is pellucid, with the fore part truncated and ciliated, and moves in the water with great alertnefs, by the affiftance of the circle of hairs which encompafs the body. L Fil G. 64 PLAT ba WXIx: En MU ORE V@®RTICEL LA IVa RID 1S: GENERIC CHARACTER. A werm capable of contracting or extending itfelf, naked, with rotatory cilia. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Cylindrical uniform, green, and opake. Miller’s Anim. Infuf. The naked eye difcovers this fpecies as a mere point: when magni fied it is of a dark green colour, almoft opake, nearly cylindrical, obtufe at the extremities, and deftitute of limbs. It moves circularly, or ina ftrait direction, and caufes fuch an agitation of the water, that notwithftanding its appearance, fome rotatory inftrument muft be con- cealed within the body, which the infect can put forth at pleafure, PLATE 30 ee Gig) Pita 2B | RO PuAL VN A’ S AguenC ys. Warre Sartin Morn. GENERIC CHARACTER. %* No trunk, wings deprefled, deflexed, back fmooth. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, Antenne feathered. Body and wings white. Caterpillar black, with red and white fpots. Are very numerous in the adjacent parts of London, and are found in the ftate of Caterpillar, Chryfalis and Moth, at the fame time, though commonly the Caterpillar changes to Chryfalis in June, and to a Fly in July. It feeds on the Willow, the Ozier, the Poplar, &c. 3L sigan 11 ORY: ie ag Seis, @, SP eGay Le MUSCA CHAMALEON. DiIpTERA. Two Wings. GENERIC CHARACTER. Mufea, a foft flexible Trunk with lateral Lips at the end. No palpi. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, Dark brown or black. Antennz taper, broken. Eyes large. Ab» domen nearly circular, with three triangular yellow {pots on each Side, and one at the extremity. Linneus, in a former edition of the Fauna Suecica gave this infe& the name of Oe/frus Aqua, but he afterwards difcovered it to bea Mufca, and called it Mufca Chameleon. It is one of the moft com- mon Dipterous, or two-winged Infects we have; yet though fo well known in its perfect fiate, few have attended fo minutely to its changes as to difcover that ; they form the moft fingular part of its hiftory.— The female depofits her eggs in the hollow ftalks of aquatic plants, or broken reeds, or fo provides for them- that they cannot, but by fome unforefeen accident, be carried away. “The egg, in due time ripening, produces a Larva, no way refembling the Parent, but rather a Worm M of 68 PL Ar ot of a moft fingular ftru€ture. This happens about the latter end of May, or beginning of “fune, if the weather proves favourable ; they will then be found in fhallow flanding waters, crawling on the grafs or plants which grow there, or they may be taken floating on the furface of the water. ‘The Body confifts of twelve annular divifions, whereof the Head and Tail are two; the Tail has a verge of hairs, which, when entirely expanded, fupport the creature on the furface, with its head downwards. If it wifhes to defcend, it contracts the hairs in the form of a wine glafs, or entirely clofes them at the end; and when again it is rifing to the furface, it forces a bubble from a {mall aperture in the center, which immediately makes a paflage for its afcenfion.— Tt changes to the Pupa fiate, and about the middle of ‘Ful to the Fly. Tt fubfifts at this time on the nectar and other juices it extracts froma the bottom of the corolla in flowers. PUA ek ie”) ORT, 69 1d lig a 8 MUSCA PENDULA. DIPTERA. Musca. SPECIFIG CHARACTER. Head black. Thorax yellow, with three longitudinal black lines. Abdomen yellow, with tranfverfe black marks. $$ Its habits nearly correfpond with thofe of the AZufca Chameleon. Like that Infe& it once wore the appearance of an Aquatic, and like it alfo in its laft or perfect ftate, exifts by extrating with its Trunk the neCtar from flowers. It is to be taken in Fune. BiG.) tit MU SICA Loa TERA L I's, DIPTERA. Musca. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. % Thorax black. Abdomen bright red or brown, with a line of black from the Thorax ; the laft fegment black, with hairs or fpines. - Lea nmiemente tent TSUN TN SIE ARSED SOE Sa Vifits fower gardens in the month of “une. M 2 (PD Aue iat Hastie PLATE XXXII, cou See VIGRIO OF O'R. GENERIC CHARACTER. An invifible Worm, very fimple, round, and rather long. SPECIFIC GHARACTER. Elliptical, with a very long Neck, and a knob on the Apex—= Miller’s Ani. Inf. The Neck of this Creature is in continual motion, and the whole Body is dilatable. It is found in water, replete with decayed vege- tables. Pal G. i, KOLPODA MILEAGRIS. GENERIC CHARACTER. An invifible, very fimple, pellucid, flat, crooked Worm. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Changeable, with the fore part like a hook, the hind part folded up.———Miiller’ Ani. Inf. . FIG, = Pe ABE JOCK PiGs 0M: ‘and PG. by: PURO EUS eT pe Np AEX. GENERIC CHARACTER. An invifible, very fimple, pellucid Worm, of a variable forns, SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Running out into a fine point—A/Ziller. A gelatinous pellucid body, ftored with black molecules; it changes its form in a regular order, firft extending itfelf out in a ftrait lines the lower. part terminating in an acute bright point, without any in- teftines, and the globules being all colle€ted in the upper part, it next draws the pointed end up towards the middle of the body, {welling it into a roundform. The contraétion goes on for fome time, after which the lower part is {welled as in Fig. [V. The point is afterwards projected from this ventricofe part. It pafies through five different forms before it arrives at that reprefented at Fig. IV. It fcarcely moves from one fpot, only bending about fideways. It is to be found in river watery where the Nitida grows. Vorticella Nafuta Vorticella Urceolaris Vorticella Viridis = = = = = = ae ‘ MegiVl Zt oD IeN DE BX EPECIFIC WN A Mens ALPHABETICALLY ARRANGED, TO Ve Ovo is | Plate Amataria, Phalzena . es ms @ ~ 33 Antiqua, Phalzna - - = 2 - 16 Api-formis, Sphinx - = - = 4 aitaliboircns Arietis,-Leptura - =~ = 2 » = 27 Afparagi, Chryfomela - aA) ci yh me = =- 30 Batis, Phalena- = = «@ ce ~ wat - 33 Bidentata, Chryfis = ~ = - = 19 Bucephala, Phalzna - z is ey) Heke Maja, Phalena - = pa & - - I5 Campeftris, Cincindela = - - = He) 3 Chamzleon, Mufca - = “ - - 3r Chriftiernana, Phalena = - - = - 20 Chryforrhcea, Phalzna - ~ - ~ a (o Cinerea, Nepa - - - = = PP SES Coleoptratorum, Acarus - - - = =e Cometa, Trichoda - - - = - 26 Conchaceus, Monoculus = - 2 - ea ~ Eyonymella, Phalzena = - - - - 9 Filipendule, Sphinx = ~ - ° - 6 Groffulariata, Phalena - BS S Lo -~ 4 Ignita, Chryfis - - - = = ma Lateralis, Mufca = “ = z eK Longicauda, ‘Trichoda = ~ ~ - = 26 Lucanus, Lucanus, Cervus Ludio, Himantopus Lunaris, Vorticella Melitea, Trichoda Mileagris, Kolpoda Nafuta, Vorticella Olor, Vibrio == Pavonia, Phalzna Pendula, Mufca - Plumofa, Tipula - Pocillum, Trichoda Prunaria Phalzna Quadricornis, Monoculus Salicis, Phalena - ‘Tenax, Proteus ‘Trochiformis Nigra, Verticella Vermicularis, “Frichoda Vefpillio, Silpha - Viridis, Vorticella Urceolaris, Vorticella Uvula, ‘Trichoda q D E X. BARC Ava: pec V Oak PLATE XXXIV. for magnifying times, read magnifying four times for 6. Bachus is near in length, read C. Bachus -is near four Lines in length FIG. II. for Cuculio, read Curculio ii