r^ \ t- < mt I ^ l*Xri^XLr^ -I- r f ri~ ^'_T\~^ wntMB^swomaoT 9^ '^jeiMl^i^^ -\ L n A. N Y 105 V. 2.1 €ko[o||imI ^iirboj of |fck)-|oiiu PALEONTOLOGY: VOLUME III. CONTAINING DESCKIPTIONS AND FIGURES OF THE ORGANIC REMAINS OF THE LOWKR HELDERBERG GROUP AND THE ORISKANY SANDSTONE. 1855 - 1859. BY JAMES HALL. PART II : PLATES. ALBANY: PRINTED BY C. VAN BENTHUYSEN. 1861. V\ CORRIGENDA. Plate 1, tig. 8. Some of the short spines at the summit of the proboscis are erroneously merged into the branches of the arras, making the latter appear as if continuations from the spines. Plate 4. The references of tigs. 10 and 11 should be reversed. Plate 12, figs. 9, 10, 11 & 12. Orthis quadrans, referred to in text as O. subcarinutu. A study of the interior structure of the valves has shown these forms to be quite distinct from O. subcarinata, and a well-marked species. Pt.ATE 68, p. 341. Bucania profunda (^B. profunda, n. s., by mistake) should be cited Eaomphalus profundus, Vanuxem, Geol. Report Third District New-York, p. 117, f. 2. Plate 72 a. Erroneously referred to in the text, pages 347 and 348, as Pl. 62 a. The correction on explanations of plates does not correct the reference. Plate 73, tig. 24 o, is an enlargement of a portion of the eye of P. hudsonicus. ,% Plates 79 a and 79 b, containing figures of Leperditia and Beyrichia, are omitted from this volume, but will be given in a future one. Plate 95 a. The reference f, after Strophodonta magnifica, should be after Orthis aimberlandia.'\ t This species may be compared with Orthis hipparionyx. Plate 106. Explanations of figures omitted : Fig. 3. Rhynchonella muHistriata, p. 440. Fig. 4. Rhynchonella principalis, p. 443. Plate 92, and page 406, change the name Discina grandis to Discina ampla, n.s.; the former name being preoccupied. »•» In the text of the Introduction, page 8, in the righthand column of names of rocks, the Galena limestone Ls by mistake placed below the Trenton limestone, when it should be placed above. X PLATE 1. Page Fij;. 1-9. HoMoCRiNL's scoparius. 102 1 . An iiiJividiial showing the anal side, and the proboscis entire. Tlie extremities of the arms are broken off on a line witli the summit of the proboscis. 2. An individual preserving the arms in part, with the proboscis removed. S. A specimen of limestone with several individuals in different slates of preservation. 4. A group exhibiting the mode of growth. 5. A fragment of a column somewhat larger than usual. 5 a. Enlargement of a portion of tlie column, showing the gradual approach to the penta- t agonal form. 6. Enlargement of a portion of an arm, showing the mode of bifurcation, etc. 7. Enlargement of a radial plate, showing the granulate surface. 8. Enlargement of an individual, showing the structure of the body, arms and proboscis. 9. Diagram sliowing tlie structure of the body and arms to the first bifurcation. PAT^0InXKT.VDI,.3, ]KEWIEIE1 TiniiTtJiDTKTRjFiTE::^(g. (Smciyriinp, PLl. cRiNoiPEa; Pj" XBMaAJiol. £nf*ravGd &■ rr^ifi by J.E . PAr^aNT.itY. TOi: .3- IMMTIEIR IEIl]iIDIEIEIB!Ma(& ©IBCDTinP. iCIMNOlDkU-;. I'l.l'. r 5.B.>feekJ)6l . Engrave ikPrmta 1 l■fJ^..^iIVlt All any;] PLATE 2. PaffO Fig. 1-5. MaRIACEINUS N0BILISSIMU8. 105 1. An individual nearly entire, showing a few joints of the column. 2. An enlargement of a portion of one of the arms, with the bases of the armlets. 3. An enlargement of a portion of one of the armlets, showing the tentacula. 4. An enlargement of a part of one of the primary tentacula, with the secondary tentacula attached. 5. Diagram showing the structure of the body and bases of the arms. Fig. 6. Mariacrinus ramostjs. 147 6 ( by error, fig. 2 & 3 of text). Figure of a specimen of the natural size, showing the anal area and postero-lateral rays. The diagram referred to in the text has not been given. N. B. This plate has been re-engraved, to correct the error in the drawing of the structure of tlic body and arms of the crinoid flg. t of tlie preceding Plate 2. '-V\L^Om'NY VOL 3 ILOPWIEIK MEILII])iEiaiBIEIR'S(B]R®iUIPo Fl 2 >ClilNOII)K.CJ 'ifm I ' ■x-^ P Wiu-Juiia DbI PLATE 2 A. Page Fig. 1. Mariacrinus nobilissimus. 105 1. A large individual, showing the anal or irregular side of the specimen, with numerous anal or interbrachial plates, the base of the proboscis, arms, etc. The upper part of the pro- boscis is covered by adhering stony matter. PALfiONT. NT". VOL.3. fcRINOIDEm.) I'l. 2 A £l:';r--pH>?rlaffidfy.lE,G3vi': Ali.'my.NT- w PLATE 3. Page Fig. 1-4. Mariacrinus pacuydactylus. 107 1. An individual preserving tlie body and greater portion of the arms, with several inches of tlie column. 2. The body and lower part of the arms, showing the surface characters in a good degree of pre- servation. 3. A specimen with arms, armlets, and tentacula nearly entire. 4. Diagram illustrating the structure of the body and one arm to the second bifurcation of the brachial i)lates. 4 a. Enlargement of a portion of an arm, showing the arrangement of plates and origin of armlets. Fig. 5. Mariacrinus paucidactylus. 109 5. A specimen preserving the body above the basal plates, and a portion of several of the arms and armlets. Fig. 6-11. Mariacrinus PLUMosus. 110 6. A small individual preserving the body and arms nearly entire, with a small ]>ortion of the column. 7. A larger individual. 8. Enlargement of the body of tig. 0. 9. Enlargement of the arm-joints and tentacula. 10. A similar enlargement from another specimen. 11. Diagram showing the .structure of the body and arrangcnienl of the brachial plates. EALSTiNTKr-roL. 3. (cHrsrorDKiE.) PI. 3 ERM>e-"kD«l. En^ixred-A Prln'ec. by JiE.Girrit. PLATE 3 A. Paa Fig 1 & 8 - 12. IVLaaiaceinus macropetalus. Ill 1. A specimen showing tlie base and a portion of the body. 10. A fragment of the column with the rootlets attached. 11. A fragment of tlie column with the rootlets worn off. 12. Another fragment with rootlets attached. 8 & 9 are are detached rootl-'ts of the same species, and should be reversed in position upon the plate. Fig. 2. Mariacrinus stoloniperus. 112 2. A fragmcn- of the column of this species. 3. 4, 5, G, 7 & 13 are fiagments of columns, etc. of undetermined species. EALffioBT.N.T37Di..8. ILCD^^IEIE HI IE ILIDIEiMB IE IFi(& (&IEi(D)IUIP, PX 3 A r B Ve«k Dal John E G«Til.Sc Al^any.N.r. PLATE :3 B. Prge Fig. 1 & 2. Makiacrinus macropetalus. Ill 1 & 2. Roots and rootlets of this species. Fig. 3-7. Mariacrinus stoloniferus. 112 3, 4, 6, 0 & 7. Several fragments of columns of different size, eacb showing the small at- tached rootlets, or the points from which they have been broken. I'ala/oiiLNY Vol. 3. iL'£;\wiai£i iini;iLiDisiEiE3:ifii£i(B c&iHcouni', n ;■, II CRlNOIDEa: FB, Meek. Del, Join E.Gavir Sc AlliauvV T .!: .jfl fmrft . tf..ir 1. '*.. ;:iii« r, lo jtiviui* PLATE 4. Page Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Platycrinus plumosus. 113 1. A specimen preserving a part of the column, with the branchlets broken ofi'. The body is too im- perfect to be represented in detail, but the arms and teutacula correspond to those of fig. 2. 2. An Individual nearly entire, with a small portion of the column and branchlets attached, and nearly covering the body. The arms are preserved nearly to their extremities. 8. An individual ninch crushed, showing the structure of the body and a portion of the proboscis. The small point for the attachment of the column is well shown in the figure. 4. Enlargement from fig. 2 of the first and second radial plates, the first arnijoint, and succeeding plates of the arms and tentacula. 5. Structure of the body and base of arm, from fig. 3. Fig. 6, 7, 8, 9. Platycrinus parvus. 114 0. An individual nearly entire, with a small portion of the column from which originate tlie numerous branchlets which surround the body and extend beyond the arms. 7. A similar specimen, preserving more of the column, from which most of the branchlets have been removed. 8. Enlargement of a portion of the column ( lower part of fig. 7 ) , with the bases of the branchlets attached. 9. Enlargement of a single branchlet. Fig. 10, 11, 12, 13. Platycrinus ramulosus. 115 10. An individual showing some irregularity in the bifurcation. Tlie same specimen shows also two anal plates. 11. A small individual, preserving the arms above the second bifurcation. 12. Several joints of the arm, with tentacles attached. 13. Enlargement showing the structure from the first radial plate to the extremities of the arms, as far as preserved in the specimen fig. 10. PAISONr.TOrVDLS. iLdDUJEm. missLiM&m:mi&m(B PL. 4 CBiisrorDi:^ 1^* m or >■«■ . , . V \ Eivgroints of attacliment, with numerous detached fragments of tentacnia. Fig. 8 - 12. Edriocrintjs pocilliformis. 121 8 Basal view of a large individual, tlie proportional length being greater tlian usual. 9. Lateral view of the same. 10. Lateral view of a larger specimen. 11. Interior of the same. 12. Enlargement of the concavity of fig. 10, showing the depressions corresponding to tl.o depressions in the margin and the concentrically striated surface. At each angle tliere is a slight depression or pore, which seems to communicate with tlie cavity between the basal and inner plate. Fig. 13 & 14. ASPIDOCRINUS CALLOSUS. 123 13 & 14. Interior and e.\terior views of the specimen described. Fig. 15 - 18. ASPIDOCRINUS SCUTELLIFORMIS. 122 15. Tlie exterior of the base of an individual of this species. 16. The interior of the same. 17. Profile or lateral view of the same. 18. The interior of a large specimen. Fig. 19 & 20. ASPIDOCRINUS digitatus. 123 19 & 20. Upper side and profile view of the sjiecimen. 3 -' PL h JolmE.i^K-vit.Sc.UbKor. B.T, PLATE 6. Page Fig. 1, 2, 3. Brachiocrinus nodosakids. 118 1. The inner side of an arm with tentacles attaelied, showing on the right side one at unequal distance from the others. 2 k 2 a. Inner side of the base of an arm inciuding the first three joints, with points of at- tacliment for the tentacles, and the same enlarged. 3. Exterior surface of the same enlarged. 3 a. Transverse section, showing the form of the arm-joints. Fig. 4, 5, 6. CoEONocEiNus polydactylus. 124 4. Lateral view of a fragment of the upper part of the body and bases of the arms. 5. View of the summit, showing its structure and the origin of the arms. 6. Enlargement of some plates of the summit. Fig. 7 - 15. Columns of undetermined Crinoide^. 125 7, 8, 9 & 10. Fragments of pentagonal columns, bearing nodes at the angles, which seem to have been the bases of little branchlets. 11, 12 & 13. Sections of pentagonal columns, showing varying degrees of angularity, till in the last one the angles project in wing-like expansions. 14. Fragment of Lower Pentamerus limestone, with pieces of columns of two or more species. 15. Section of a pentagonal column, showing marks of longitudinal division at the angles. Fig. 16 - 21. Tentaculites elonoatus. 13(5 16. An individual of medium size. 17. An individual of about the same Icngtli as the preceding, slightly compressed below, giving it an apparently greater breadth at the base. 18. A large individual having a length of three inches. On one side of the base, the greater distance between the annulations shows the interior structure with more elongate inter- nodes. 19. Enlargement of a portion, showing the strias. 20. An individual from which the exterior shell has been exfoliated, showing smooth annula- tions whose greatest diameter is near the upper edge. 21. A portion of the same en'arged, showing the appearance of the annulations magnified. Fig. 22 & 2.S. Tentaculites irregularis. 137 [Echinus gyracanthus .- Eaton, Geological Text-book, 1832. This name was overlooked in the synonymy, and the specific designation of Eaton has precedence over my own.] 22. A small portion of the surface of the stone, showing the abundant distribution of these bodies. On this specimen, which has a length of five inches and an average breadth of a little more than one inch, more than five hundred individuals may be counted; and the layer beneath, for the thickness of a quarter of an inch, Is composed almost entirely of these fossils, giving more than ten times as many as can be seen upon the surface. 23. Enlargement of a single individual. PaIffiont.JSrY.Vol.3 iduwiEiEi iiMimaiMniMiEi© c&M©niip. PI. 6. (CRINOIDE^. ETC. r FB Mee"k.Del, JolmE Ga-nt ScAliany.NT iia .81 ,vi ■■I'lIH or ; .4:11 PLATE 7. Fig. 1 - 23. Lepadocrinus gebhardi. 127 1. The right side of au individual, sliowing the arrangement of plates, pectinated rhombs, etc. 2. The anterior side, showing the pectinated rhombs at the base. 3. The posterior side, showing the ovarian aperture with the surrounding plates removed. 4. The left side of the same specimen. The prominence of the ovarian side over the opposite is well seen in 1 St 4. 6. A smaller iudividnal with the column entire and tlie body mutilated. The base of the column is quite solid, showing no evidence of rings. 6. .\nother individmal preserving the column and plates of the body, the latter somewhat crushed. The articulations are partially visible in the base of the column, which condition is in a measure due to wearing of the surface. 7. A small specimen showing the pectinated rhombs and structure of the body on the right side. The column is nearly entire, showing the articulations from base to summit with almost equal distinctness. The lingers are converged together above the summit of the body, giving it a pointed appearance. 8. The body somewhat broken, but preserving the fingers or pinnules to the length of three- fotirths of an inch. 10. The summit of a specimen much crushed, but preserving a portion of the arms and fingers. 11. A single plate of the second range enlarged, showing the character of the surface, the pectinated rhomb, etc. 12. Enlargement of a portion of a plate, showing surface markings. 1.3. Enlargement of a part of an arm, with the fingers folded down upon the body of the fossil. 14, 15, 16. Bases of several columns, the two first showing slight evidences of rings, while the other appears quite solid. 17, 18. Enlargements of the surfaces of the solid bases of columns. 19. Transverse section at the top of the solid portion, showing the central canal and the rings within the exterior wall. 20, 21, 22. Lateral and sectional views and enlargement of a fragment of a large column, which exhibits characters very similar to the base of Lepadocrinus. 23. Diagram showing the structure of the body. BSL2EOWrHT:VOL3. IL®WIE1E IEIIEILIDIEmiBIEIR(& (&IE(IDnjlP„ ri. 7. CRINOIDE^ ; fe ♦ • r.BM^Bfc ij^ . Joim E . GaTiuSc -Albany; H.Y. 4 PLATE 7 A. Page Fig. 1-5. Sph^rocystites multipasciatcs. 130 1. The left side of the specimen, natural size. 2. The summit, showing the origin and distribution of the arms, the upper pairs of ijectinatcd rhombs, tlie ovarian and anal orifices, etc. 3. The base of tlie same specimen, showing tlie lower pectinated rhomb, tlic ramifications of the arms, and tlie cavity for tlie insertion of the colum^n. 4. Diagram illustrating, as far as traced, the distribution of the arms upon the surface of the specimen figured. 4 a. An enlargement of one of the pectinated rhombs. Fig. 5, 6, 7. Anomalocystites coRNUTus. 133 5. The convex side of an individual with a portion of the column attached. 6. The concave side, showing the two arching basal plates, the large central plate, and the superior range of plates. 7. A plate enlarged, showing the lamellar structure. 7 a. Diagram illustrating the structure of the btdy, and the relati>e position of the plates on the two sides. Fig. 8, 9, 10. Protaster porbesi. 1.34 8. The fossil, natural size. 9. Enlargement of the body and arms, with a restoration of the latter in outline beyond the limits of the body. 10. Enlargement of portions of an arm and tentacles, as seen from the lower side. Fig. 11 & 13. DiCTYOCRINUS SQUAMIPER. 135 11. The body, natural size. 13. Enlargement of surface, showing the form and arrangement of scales. Paiasoiit.N.Yyoi.3. ]L(DW1EIE IHIElLIDlEJIilBIEIE© ©IRCDUP. PI, 7 A CYSTIDE^ Jobnt.Gavit.Sc-Albsny.H.y. Ital. .''■! A ■». ■ \ M .11 B (Jl riol Tf .jj.'l .. , ■. " ■• 'A ifd « to w^h I'jWTod .OS PLATE 8. Page Fig. 1. DiSCINA VANUXEMI. \&2 1. Piofile view 1 a. Dorsal view, sliowing the form of the shell. 1 b. Enlargement of surface, showing the radiating and concentric strijv ( the latter are liot strong enough in proiiortiou to the others) . Fig. 2 - 16. Strophodonta varistriata. 180 2-6. Ventral valves, where the striae are nearly equal or alternating in size. 7 &. 8. Individuals presenting some variety in surface characters. 9. A young shell with salient liinge extremities, and strongly elevated stri.-e separated by fascicles of liner striae between. 5 a. The upper figure with this number is an enlargement of the surface of flg. 9. 10. An individual with surface characters similar to the last, having the hinge extremities rounded, and the hinge line a little shorter than the greatest width of the shell below. 11. Interior of a ventral valve. 11 o ( by error 12 a) above last figure. An enlargement of the area and crenulations. 12 & 12 a. Interior of ventral valve, and enlargement of area. 13. Interior of a ventral valve. 14 & 16. Casts of the interior of the ventral valve, where the shell is but partially exfoliated. 1.") & 1-5 a. The interior of a ventral valve, and enlargement of a portion of the same. 16, at right hand of page. A portion of the surface much enlarged, showing the nearly equal striae crossed by finer concentric lines. 17 - 23. Spirifer vanuxemi. 108 17, 18 & 19. Young individuals of this species. 20. Dorsal view of a medium-sized specimen. 20 0, b, c. Ventral, profile and front views of tlie preceding s]M'cimen. 21 & 2B. Dorsal views of larger specimens. 22. Ventral view of another specimen of tliis species. 2.3 a. Enlargement of the surface, showing the concentric lanielliE. Falaeont NY. Vol. 3, Eswisaii srcisasBiaffiissm®' mi 53,\(3)WK ( Tentaoitlite limostomp ) ( HK.AC]Tinpo DA \ V[ 8 o IP .'^ pf \ I o • ^ On- Stone by Swin.ton-. r.iUi of Ricli'^H, Prune, Albanv. PLATE 9. / Fig. 1 & 2. LlNGCLA CENTRILINEATA. 1. A small imlividual of this species. 2. A larger specimen of the same. I'jgc 155 Fig. 3, 4 & 5. LiNQULA PERLATA. 15() 4. An individual of medium size, preserving the two valves. The outer shell is partially e.\- foliatcd from the central part of the valve, ;!. Profile of the same specimen, showing the convexity of the valves. 5. The lower ])art of a larger valve having the stria; more distant, very thin and sharply elevated, while towards the margin they are more closely arranged. i") a. Knlargement of the concentric lamella'. ' Fig. 0 & 8. LiNGULA RECTILATER/. 15(5 (). An individual of medium size. 8. A large Individual of the same species. Fig. 7, 9 & 11. LiNGULA SPATHATA. 157 9. A large individual having the upper part of the shell hrokcn off. 7 & 11. Two views of a specimen having the base broken off. The convexity of the two valves is more than one-third the greatest width of the shell. Fig. 10. LiNGULA SPATIOSA. 158 10. The shell, natural size. 10 a. A portion of the surface enlarged. Fig. 13 - 15, & 16 a. Discina biscus. 195 13. The lowi.T valve partially exfoliated, and showing radiating stria-. 14. Interior of th" lower or ventral valve, showing the lamellose structure and radiating striie. [ In the figure the stria; are too regular, and should be represented as bifurcating to- wards the margin.] 1-5. A lower valve (with the margins slightly exfoliated ) , preserving nearly entire the con- centric lamellose striae. 1('> a ( Error for 1-5 o). Profile of the lower valve, showing the convexity. 15 b. Enlargement of the lamellose stria;. l.j a ( Error for 14 a). Enlargement of the radiating stria; of fig. 14. Fig. \i, 16 & 17. Discina conradi. Kil 12 Exterior view of the lower valve ( improi)erly rei)rcsented without the foramen). 12 a. Enlargement of the surface of the same. 10. Dorsal valve having the outer shell exfoliated, and showing radiating stria' wliicb bifurcate towards the margins. 17. Enlargement of the stria>. 17 a. Profile view of the dorsal valve. Pal8eon.t.2sr.Y.Vol.3 I e. (Deltiiyi>is Shaljliimestone.) (BRAClilOi'OIJA. ) ^^ pi.e. fli l.J.a. On Stone ov S-wmton . ill .T,ith.of]l,E.Peaae.An}aiiy. i^ '»{|raiiii|i 4 PLATE 10. Page Fin. 1 - ^2. Orthis obi.ata. 102 1,2,3. Individuals sliowing a gradation of sizi', fi-om tin' smallest recognized spocimciis of tlie speci-'s to the half-grown forms. 4, •'■>, 0. Individuals illii.strating a mare elongate and more gibbons form, which seems scavcely sei)arablc from the others, but is still never found of larger size than fig. 0. 7, 8, 9. 10. Individuals of larger dimensions; the last being a full-grown specimen of the broad variety, one and three-fourths inches wide by one and a quarter long. 11, 12, 13, 14. The Interior of the ventral valves of several specimens, showing some variety in the vascular impressions. 1-5, 10. The interior of the dorsal valves of the more elongate and gibbous forms. 17. The interior of the dorsal valve of the broad variety, having the dimensions of an inch and a half by an inch and a quarter. 19, 20. Casts of the ventral valve, showing the muscular and vascular impressions. '21, 22. Oasts of the dorsal valve, with impressions of the cardinal and brachial processes. Pala!ontN.Y.Vol.3. ("Delthyris SKaly limeatocne.. i (BHATTIHOEODA.) PLX. S-wtnion, del. e> lath- .A 01 aT^TT ' ( .» ,1. I 1 ,A .n g /.J4ii.-4 Uit,i uitAa tai. ''ICT l«ri«i> bat. o >'• swtxgTa i- lul awon;' •/lUM 9d> >) twaiv Jnofl Imia l«nli>i«0 .V ,o 01 •■■•'•■■ ' '• ^ - I .n •rfi '1 -•>i"--'* .UJ ,0*. ,Tj ,{ji -ill 'i ■(sis .'mnJerr .wolv fr»T-,n' .Rf PLATE 10 A. Page Fig. 1, 2, 3. Okthis concinna. 172 1 a, b. Ventral and dorsal views of a small specimen. 2 a, b, c, d. Ventral, dorsal, profile, and front views of a large individual. 3 a, b. Interiors of the ventral and dorsal valves. 3 c. Cardinal view of the dorsal valve. Fig. 4, 5 & 6. Orthis oblata, »ar. emaroinata. Iti4 4 a, b, c, d. Illustrations of the form and characters of this variety. 6 a, b. Interior of the two valves. 6 a, 6. Cast of the ventral and dorsal valve. Fig. 7 - 12. Orthis discus. 16.5 7; 8 o, ft. Individuals of the smaller known forms of this species. 9, 10 a, ft. Individuals of larger size. 10 c, d. Cardinal and front views of the same. 11. Interior of the ventral valve. 12. Cast of a doi-sal valve, probably of this species. Fig. 13 a, b. Orthis deformis. 174 13 o. Dorsal view, showing the extent" of area, the broken beak, etc. 13 ft. Ventral valve of the same, showing the abrupt contraction of the stria; towards the beak, which is broken oflT below the point of attachment. Fig. 13, 14, 15, 16. Skenidium (Orthis) insignis. 173 13. Dorsal view, natural size. 14 & 15. Dorsal valve and area enlarged. 16. Front view of the same enlarged. PalaeoiitN.Y.Voia. (BBATIHOEODA.) P1.XA. w ^^ /i 0 jb^ R.P.TW,JLfield,ael. 3vrtn.tgiL. litlu ■" _.JA'- M a'0.i"i ■7* .»T/ fllT^.^Iii PLATE 11. Pnge Fig. 1-0. OrTHIS TUBtJLOSTRIATA. 16(5 1-3. Vouiig individuals of this species. 4 Sc 6. Larger individuals. The two figures on each side of the central figure 6 are enlarge- ments of stria;; one without the tubular openings, the other showing this character. The righthand figure of the line shows the cardinal and brachial processes of the dorsal valve, and the lefthand figure is the profile of fig. 0. Fijr. 7 - 14. Ortiiis eminens. 1(57 7 - 10. Young iuilividuals. 12. Three views of a specimen of medium size. 1;!. Three views of a larger individual. Tiic specimens 12 and 1." are well-marked and characteristic forms of this species. 11 & 11 .ire referred with d. ()KTItI8 I'LANOCONVEXA. lliS 1 «, b. Views of small individuals of this species, from Maryland. 2 a, b, c, d, & 3. Largor individuals, from Mew-York, showing the ventral and dorsal sides. l>roflle and area. 4. The interior of the dorsal valve of a smaller individual. 5. Interior of the ventral valve. 6 a, b. Dorsal and ventral valves of a cast of the same species. Fig. 7 - 21. Okthis subcarinata. 1(19 7, 8 a, b, c. Views of young individuals. 0, 10. Views of individuals which have a subquadraugular outlmc, with the dorsal valve deeply depressed in the centre and much elevated on each side, and the front margin strongly sinuate. 11. 12 Interior of tlie valves of the preceding specimens. 13. 14, 15. Individuals showing gradation in size, and some slight modification in proportions. 10, 17. Full-grown individuals of this species. 18. Interior of the ventral valve. 19 a, b. Interior of the dorsal valve, showing the muscular and vascular impressions, and car- dinal view of the same. liO. 21 a, b. c. Ventral, dorsal, and profile views of casts, the vascular impressions, etc. Pahvoiil X.Y.V'ol.3. ( 31181^ XtzizieHtone.) (BHACiaOBODA.) PI .^11 ^ ^ Sc ^ 2^^. ILP-'WhitfieLi,3el. SYviiLtcm, litix . 'ibai lUiU'- JUu lUii JJidi Hi PLATE 13. Fig. 4 - 12. Orthis perelegans. 171 4 a, b, c, etc. Views of small individuals, which appear to bo the young of tiiis species, but may prove distinct. 5 a, b, c. Small individuals, authentic forms of this species, ti a, b, c. Specimens intermediate in size. 7 a, b, c, d & e. Specimens of the ordinary size. 8. A large individual of this species. [) a, b. Interiors of the ventral valve. 10 a, b, c. Interiors of the dorsal valve. 10 d. Profile showing the comparative elevation of the cardinal and brachial processes. 11 a, b. c. Casts of the ventral valve. 12 o, b. Casts of the dorsal valve. Fig. 16. Orthis peduncularis. 174 16 a. Exterior of an imperfect valve. 16 b. Interior of the same. It is possible that this one may prove identical witli 0. cminens. Fallout N.Y. Vol. 3. ("BelfhjTis Sliahr Xtmestome.. ) (BHACIHOBODA..) PI Mtt. (^ Q '\jj^^ l^V i^ gl R.P.Wbitfiali,ael. Swiatcm, lith.. ^ n aiAJi .,'» Ilaon lo 8l«ubiviiinl .•> .4 ,r I >, 9ill to t«ll.' •dt rf^Ww PLATE 16. Page Fig. 1 - 8, & 16. Stkophodonta varistriata. 180 1 o. A young individual sliglitly convex in the centre towards the heak, and flat at the sides. 1 b. Profile showing tlie outline from beak to base. 1 c. Enlargement showing the stronger elevated strise with the finer intermediate ones, and the commencement of other stronger ones in the midst of the finer striae. 2. An individual of the same character, having a greater convexity near the beak. 3 o. A similar form where the beak or umbo is not elevated, and the whole shell nearly flat. 3 b. Profile showing the curvature of the shell near the base. 3 c. Enlargement of striae, showing the fasciculate character. 3 d. A farther enlargement of the surface, showing the concentric striae. 4 a. An individual having the character of S. rectilateris. 4 b. Profile of the same. 4 c. Profile of an individual having similar characters of surface, with a greater convexity. 4 d. Enlargement of striae of 4 a, showing the alternating size and frequent bifurcation. 5 o. The S. impressa of Conrad, natural size. 5 b. Profile of same, showing the abrupt bending or geniculation towards the base. 5 c. Enlargement of striae, showing the coarser ones with intermediate fascicles of .smaller ones. 5 d. A portion of the surface enlarged where partially exfoliated on an impression of tlie exterior surface, showing the impressed lines made by the stronger striae; which is mere- ly a reverse of fig. 5 d, or of fig. 3c & 3 d. 6, An individual with coarser stria; than usual, the surface partially exfoliated, and profile of same. 6 a. The striae enlarged, showing the punctate character of the surface when partially exfoliated. 7 a, b. Illustrations of the surface of " Lepteena indent a" . 8 o, c. Illustration of the hinge-line, area, vascular impression, etc. of the ventral valve, show- ing the apparent foramen, which is due to fracture , and has not the regular triangular form of Strophornena. 8 b. Enlargement of hinge-line, teeth, etc. of the dorsal valve. 16. S. varistriata, var.arata. Fig. 9 - 12. Steophodonta planulata. 184 9 a. An individual of medium size, with the hinge-extremities salient. 9 b. Profile view of the same. 9 c. Enlargement of the surface, showing the character of the radiating and concentric striae. 10. An individual showing some faint concentric undulations. 11 a. A large individual nearly entire, having the exterior surface slightly weathered, and showing the puncta along the striae. 11 6. Profile of the preceding specimen. 11 c. Entargeraent of the surface, showing the character of the striae and arrangement of the puncta. 12. An individual in which the shell is partially removed, showing obscurely the form of the vascular impressions. Fig. 13 - 15. Strophomena conradi. 194 13 a. The ventral valve. 14. Profile view of the same. 15. Ventral view of another individual. Palii-oiit X.Y.V0I..I. (BRAJCIHOBOBA.) ■^M i ^ So.. e 111 S-vraitoii., litb . fT/ Ta 'J A. .« i PLATE 17. Page Fig. 1 & 2. Stkophomena woolworthana. 192 1 a. Ventral valve of an individual of medium size. 1 h. Dorsal valve of a larger individual, showing the area of the opposite valve and the closed foramen. 1 c. Ventral valve of the same. 1 d. Profile view of the same. 1 c. Ventral valve of a large individual. 1 /. View of area of 1 e. 1 g. Cardinal view of an entire individual, showing the area of the ventral valve, and the convexity of the dorsal valve. 1 A, i, fc, I. Interior of the ventral valves of several individuals of different size, and showing some variety in form of the muscular impressions. 1 m. A cast of the ventral valve. 1 n, 0. Interior of dorsal valves, sliowing the cardinal processes, with some difference in the strengtli of the muscular impressions and proportional length of the hinge-line. 1 p, r. Cardinal view of ventral valve, showing the cardinal processes and the same enlarged. 1 », (. Enlargement and profile of the striae. 2 a, b, e. Casts of the interior of the dorsal valves of several individuals. PaljEont m.Y Voll3. KiSDwisiE ansEiHiffim. 553 ffi 36.(5, ^mmwip. leltKyria SKaly Limeatoixe, f bracbiopoda/I PI. 17, '>- ^,lf^f^< OnStotic by flwinton. t.ilh ol Itrchi H Pe*,«. Allj; .^i dikd'i !fft Wrfj ■ PLATE 18. Page Fig. 1 a - i. Strophodonta vaeisteiata, var. aeata. 188 1 a- d. Ventral valves of several specimens where the shell is more or less exfoliated , the last one being almost free from adhering shell. 1 e,f, g. Profile vievps, showing the convexity of several individuals. 1 h. The surface showing the ridges and striaj. 1 t. A portion of a cast of the interior, which preserves the ridges, but shows no intermediate striae. Fig. 2. Lept^na concava. 197 2 a, b. Ventral and dorsal views of a specimen of this species. 2 c, d. Profile and cardinal views. 2 e. Enlargement of area, foramen, etc. 2/. Enlargement of the surface, showing the finer longitudinal and concentric stria?. Fig. 3. Strophomena radiata. 193 3 a. The ventral valve. 3 b, c, d, e. Casts of specimens of this species. FalseontifYVol.a. DeltKyris SKaly Lime stone ■ (bkachio poda.) PI. 18. •MM •I .(Mi 'lftr;i it \ d Mini ••" On Stone ty Swinto Lilhor Rith'' H.Pcaat, AlOany .«5^;:, ^AJ*{ -» 1 .- PLATE 19. fagt Fig. I a - y. Strophomena eugosa. 196 1 a - i. Figures illustrating tlie usual characters presented by shells of this species. 1 k ( by error marked Is). Profile showing the great extent of the deflected portion of the shell. Between this one and lb], there are every possible gradation. 2 & 2 f. Specimens which are slightly curved, and showing a larger number of corrugations than usual, which extend nearly to the base of the shell. 1 I, m, n. Interiors of dorsal valves, showing some variety of characters. \ I \. Enlargement of the strise on the interior. 1 0, p, q. Casts or moulds left in the stone by the dorsal valves of several individuals. 1 g t- Enlargement of the muscular imprints, etc. 1 r, », t. Interior of the ventral valve of several individuals. 1 u, X, y. Casts of the interior of the ventral valve, 1 u still retaining a portion of the shell. Palirouf .V.T.Voi;.J. SliuK liinii>sfoii«>. IlHAriNOIMHtA I'll'.) On Stone "by. Svyhiilon., I.llhotBidi'li. Pease .Ubniiv IS «r PLATE 20. Puge Fig. 1, 2 & 3. Steophodonta headleyana. 185 1 a. Interior of the ventral valve, where the surface is marked by strong I'ounded striic, and the muscular area striate. The hinge, along its line of junction with the opposite valve, presents a linear gioove from the termination of the crenulations to the cardinal extremi- ties : creimlations extending little more than one-third the length of the hiuge-line on either side of the centre. 1 6. "Enlargement of a portion of the hinge-line and area of 1 a. 2 a. b. Interior of the ventral valve of two specimens which present some variation in the form of the muscular impressions. 2 c. Enlargement of the papillose interior .surface. 2 e. Enlargement of the cast of the muscular area. 2 d. Cast of a ventral valve, showing the narrow callosity which fills the foramen. 2/. Enlargement of the punctate casts of striae. 3 a. Exterior of a ventral valve, showing the peculiar interrupted striation. 3 b. Profile showing the concavity of the ventral valve. 3 c. Enlargement of a portion of the striae. o d. Interior of a valve having similar characters to 3 a, but more deeply concave. 3 e. Profile of 2 b, showing the convexity of the interior of the valve. False out NY Vol 3. Delthyris Shuly LijTieaLone . (^BRACUIOPOSA ■) PI. 20 On Stotis ^j Swintoi LitKof Bich'^K.Peaae. Albany. .u A^T'Df. ft' JilUIA >1IT'>; J: W avU/ ^. 9t«)')(i!ra ■nli aiiift'i »4' v'* .AItA.HTS0W11.1'/A.f,) ATSfrMIOHH A f» /. .ai'< ■■5' 'lij iitNJw soahu; PLATE 21. Page Fig. 1, 2 & 3. Strophodonta cavtjmbona. 187 1 o, c. Ventral and dorsal valves of young specimens. 1 6, d. The striae in profile, and the surface enlarged. 1 c. A partial cast of the ventral valve. ] /. The dorsal valve partially exfoliated, and showing the crenulations along the liinge-line : the striae are rounded and frequently bifurcating. 1 g. The punctate surface shown where the shell is exfoliated. 1 h. Profile of the rounded strias of 1 /. 2 a. The dorsal valve of a well-preserved specimen. 2 c. Profile of strise, showing the elevations and flat surfaces between them. 8. A ventral valve, probably of this species. Fig. 4. Strophodonta puNCTULiFERA. 188 4 a. A cast of this species. 4 6. Enlargement of the striae, showing the punctate surface. Fig. 5, 6 & 7. Strophodonta leavenworthana. 189 5 a. The dorsal valve, showing obscurely the concentric wrinkles and the punctate surface where the shell is exfoliated. 6 a. Interior of the ventral valve. 6 b. Profile of the preceding. 6 c, Enlargement of the crenulations of the hinge-line of 6 a. 7 a. Interior of a ventral valve. 7 b. Profile of the same. Fig. 8 & 9. Strophodonta radiata. 193 8 o. A figure of the original specimen, with the shell in part exfoliated. 8 b. Enlargement of the radiating and concentric strise. 9 o. A smaller individual from the same locality. 9 b. Enlargement of surface when the shell is partially exfoliated. ralaeonl, NY Vol S, Delthyrjs Skftly Itinte s toiie (brachiopoda.) Pt Jl On Ston.« ty S win ton. l.ith «f H.nh* ll.l'tiae. Mlij PLATE 22. Fig. 1 a- t. Strophodonta beckii. 1 o. A young individual in which no corrugations are developed. 1 b, c. Two specimens exhibiting the extremes of form in the extension of the hinge-line, and showing the beginning of the development of the corrugations. 1 d. A specimen showing the corrugations more strongly. 1 e. An individual of full size, in which the corrugations are well developed. 1/, g. Dorsal and ventral sides of an entire individual. 1 h. Profile view of the preceding specimen. 1 t. An old specimen where the corrugations are much stronger and closer than usual. 1 k, I, m. The interiors of several ventral valves, showing the area, crenulated hinge-line, muscular and vascular impressions, etc. 1 n. Area of the ventral valve. 1 0, p. Enlargement and profile of the strise. 1 r. A portion of the area enlarged, showing the striated surface and crenulated margin. 1 s, t. Portions of the casts of the ventral valves of two different individuals, showing some slight difference in the character and strength of the impressions. Pa^e 191 falwoiil .N Y Vol 3. Delthyris SKaly LimestoTie (^BRACHIOPODA. ] PI. 22. Oii.'^t«n<- hy Swinion. Lilli.or Rich-* » I'saseAlbanv I niKii lifi'-^ Ti. 1 aIi*.-/ lp.Tii1ft , r PLATE 23. Piige Fig. 1 & 2. Strophodonta leaven worthana. 189 1 a. b, c. Ventral, dorsal, and profile views of an entire specimen. 2 o, b. Dorsal and profile views of a full-grown individual. 2 e. Enlargement of the fine equal striae. Fig. 3. Strophodonta beckii. ' 191 3. A cast of the interior of the dorsal valve. Fig. 4,5 & 7. Strophodonta pttnctulifera. 188 4 a, b. The interior and profile view of the dorsal valve. 4 c. Profile view of a mere gibbous specimen. 5 c. Cardinal view, showing the area enlarged. 7 e. Enlargement of striae which are scarcely exfoliated, showing pustulose points, some of which are punctate at their extremities. Fig. 6. Strophodonta geniculata. 483 6 a, b. Ventral and dorsal views of a small individual. 6 c. Profile of the same. Fig. 1 a - g. Orthis strophomenoides. 177 & 4H1 7 a. An imperfect dorsal valve of this species. 7 b. Enlargement of the surface striae from 7 a. 7 c. A cast of the dorsal valve, showing the vascular and muscular impressions in a great degree of perfection. 7 d. A similar specimen, showing variations in the markings. 7 g. A similar cast, showing the muscular impressions, and the vascular impressions of the ovarian spaces. 7/. A cast of the ventral valve, showing the muscular and vascular impressions. Figures 2 a, b and c, and fig. 3, were drawn by Mr. F. B. Meek; the remainder, by Mr. Whitfiei.d. The upper figure of -3 was intended as a correction (subsequently added ) of the erroneous form of crenulations in the hinge of the one below. Pala-oiil N.Y.VolS iLEiwiim imiin.iffiiiiEiiiiiiii©' mm^wip. BHACIHOBODA. I'I,2S I 1 .j,iiiiiii||i!||iijiim?- R-P,WbJtfieli,ael. S%viTLtoi:L, litK. BfHTJiO ■nil !.■ iiri.li •■'1.. PLATE 24. T&ge Fig. 1 a - k. Orthis varica. 179 1 a - i. Figures showing tlie gradation of size, form, etc. 1 k. Knlargcmcnt of the radiating strise. Fig. 2 a - y. Cvrtia d.^lmani. 206 2 a - y. Illustrations of tlie ventral, dorsal, proflle, and cardinal views of this species, re- presenting the principal varieties of form and size. Fig. 3a-/. Trematospira jiultistriata. 209 !! a - t. Illustrations showing gradations of size, variety of form, etc. 3 y. Enlargement of the strife. ralwonbJ^A' Vol 3. \BR^V KIVFUO A. I /» h I ^ ^ <^9 2/ ^9 ^w ^ ^ ^ ^^ ^ ^ «« f/< J/. ** ^ y PI a*. ^ O) ^ # ylv ^^ #A ^4^9 i^ ^ ^^^ Jo. JZ. 3m.. ^-^ ^^^ \ Oil 3 tgne l.r 3wmi,on Litii.of Ku:K4h ;'e8»e, Albany, 7'- "^TLn ■;>f)L- .»f|5»l«T''i- .\ •• Ji I.' .'jf? ^^^,- PLATE 25. Page Fig. 1 a - z. Spirifer cyclopterus. 199 1 a- s. Figures of several individuals, showing gradations in size, modifications of form, etc. 1 u. Interiors of ventral valves. 1 IV. Enlargement of surface where the edges of the lamellse are ornamented with little gra- nules, giving the appearance in profile as represented in 1 a:. 1 y. The surface where the granules are worn off, and the lamellse are seen to be finely striated. 1 z. Profile of the imbricating concentric striae. Fig. 2 a - i. Spirifer concinnus. 200 2 a - e. Views of a single large specimen from the shaly limestone. 2/. Enlargement of the surface. 2 g, h, i. Ventral and front views of specimens from the TTpper Pentamerus limestone. PHl»oTitNT.Vol.3. Shiily Linn'slone. uii AniifiponA. PL25. ^ ^ ^ ^ 0 0 I £/ ■4^ :i On Stone Vy. Swurtom . I,lllLDfIiidiecies. i'.ii-.iu>ii.\v\c.i;j Shuly liiiiii*Nlon«' I' I Zi, III! ACIMOPnilA. //■ ^ I '.•7 'P J 71. Is. >2n.. «/ i«^. m ^0 ^P ^y V» ^Sf ^y. "'n V.tont» iry S-wttito r.llh.olKicl.lH l>asr Alk.iliv PLATE 27. Page Fig. \ a- p. Spirifer macropleueus. 202 1 a. A young shell in which the plications are but faintly developed. 1 6, c. Dorsal and profile views of a specimen of medium size. 1 rf & A. Front and cardinal views of the same. 1 e,f, g. Dorsalj front and cardinal views of a very symmetrical form of medium size. 1 i. Ventral valve of a specimen of larger size. 1 fc. Ventral view of a larger individual, which is nearly of the maximum size observed. 1 /. A cast which is somewhat crushed from the base. I m, n. Interior of the ventral valve, and cast of the same. 1 0. Part of the exterior of a slightly weathered specimen, showing the extremity of the spire. 1 p. Enlargement of the radiating strias as seen under a lens upon the surface of ordinary specimens. F'»IiruiitN.Y,Vol.:j, Shaly Linii*Htone. PI U'?. [|H ArH l»P»UA . Ji. tllhofRkhJH.Peas,- Albany PLATE 28. Page Fig. \ a-f. Spirifee modesttjs. 203 1 o. Dorsal view of a specimen of ordinary size. 1 J, c, d. "Ventral, dorsal and profile views of a larger individual. 1 e. The interior of the ventral valve. 1/. Front view of 1 a. Fig. 2 a-/. Spirifer sAFFORDi. 203 2 a, 6, c. Dorsal, ventral, and profile views of the same specimen. 2 c. Front view of the same. 2/. Enlargement of the surface. Fig. Z a - d- Spirifer tenuistriatus. 204 3 a, b, c. Ventral, dorsal, and profile views. 3 d. Enlargement of the surface striae. Fig. i a - e. Spirifer octocostatus. 205 4 a, b, c. Ventral, dorsal, and profile views. ^ a \,b \, c \. Ventral, dorsal, and profile views of other specimens. 4 d. Cardinal view of 4 c t, showing the foramen. 4 c. Interior of the ventral valve. Fig. 7. Spirifer concinnus. 200 7 a, b. Dorsal and ventral views of a large specimen from the Upper Pentamerus limestone. Fig. % a - d. Spirifer macropleurus. 202 8 o, 6, c. Casts of the ventral valve, showing some variety in the forms of the muscular im- pressions. 8 d. Enlargement of the surface stria;, taken from an impression of the exterior in the shaly limestone where the shell has decomposed. The concentric striae are rarely preserved on the surface of the shell. PalaBoiit,N.Y.VoI3. acmWIEIE lEIIEILIDIEIEilBIEIBi© (B-mcDTniP^ PL 28. B R AC HI () POD A 1.. Ir 2i j^ • # # « 2i 2i fC/' U ^ Je .T:)lmt.G«vii.S.:. AlbanyiK.Y. PLATE 28 A. PHge Fig. 1 a - k. Trematospira camuea (of the Niagara group). 212 1 a. Dorsal view of a specimen of medium size. 1 b. Ventral view of the same, showing a single small plication in the mesial sinus. lit. Ventral view of a specimen somewhat different in form . 1 d. Profile view of the same. 1 e. Enlargement of the heak, foramen and deltidium of the ventral valve, and the upper part of the dorsal valve. 1 /. Dorsal view of a shorter specimen, which has been cut transversely to show the internal spires. 1 g. Enlargement of plications, showing granulose surface and strong imbricating lines of growth . 1 h. Surface of plications enlarged, showing granulose surface without imbricating lines of growth. Fig. 2 a-/. Trematospira simplex. 211 2 a, b. Dorsal and ventral views of the specimen, natural size. 2 c, d. Front and profile view of the same. 2 e,f. Dorsal and ventral views of a larger specimen, the lateral extremities of which are broken off. Fig. 3 a - 1. Trematospira perforata. 208 3 o. Dorsal view of a small specimen. 3 b, c, d. DorSal, vei:tral, and profile views. 3 «,/. Dorsal and ventral views of an older specimen with a deep sinus. 3 g, h. Front views of a young and an old specimen, showing the shallow and deeper mesial sinus. 3 i. Ventral side of an imperfect specimen, showing the internal spire. 3 fc. Enlargement showing the perforated beak and the junction of the valves. Fig. i a- e. Trematospira oostata. 210 4 a, b. Dorsal and ventral valves. 4 c, d. Profile and front views. 4 e. Enlargement of the surface, showing the granulose punctate character, which is obscure from the silicification of the shell. Fig. 5 a-/. Trematospira multistriata. 209 5 a. An individual of medium size, having the beaks clo.sely incurved, and witliout indication of an area. 5 6. Dorsal view, where the minute perforation in the beak of the ventral valve is barely seen above the summit of the opposite one. 5 c, d, e. Ventral, front, and profile views of the same individual. ■5/. The interior of a ventral valve, showing the remains of internal spires. I'uJa'oiil.N.Y. Vi)J ;i. iL®-\yr!EM ia:aEiu]DiiiEffiiB]K.®iE ®m(£])wap. I'l i.',s A BRACUIOPCJDA: ^0 '* '" 2a JO- I r '9 1 e ^1^ d '1 '/ il F.B.Mepk.pel. JolLuE.;;:(vih;5C. Albany; NT. PLATE 28 B. Fig. 1 a - d. NucLEOsPiRA pisiformis. Orihis pUum : Pal. New-York, Vol.ii, p. 250. This species proves, on examination, to belong to the (ienus NucLKOspiRA. It is a smaller species than tliat of the Lower Ilolderberg rocks, while it is larger and more gibbous than the N. concentrica. 1 a, b. Dorsal and ventral views of a specimen, natural size. 1 c. Profile view of tlie same. 1 d. An enlargement of the surface. Page Fig. 2-9. NuCLEOSPIRA VENTRICOSA. 220 • 2 a, b, c. Illustrations of a form having the beak more elevated than usual. 3 c, d. An individual preserving the remains of the fine hair-like spines which cover the sur- face of perfect specimens; and an enlargement of the same. i a, b. A cast of the interior. 5. The interior of a ventral valve preserving the internal spires, enlarged to three diameters. G a. The dorsal valve, showing the extended cardinal process and the longitudinal septum. 6 b. Profile of the same. 6 c, d. Enlargement of the preceding figures. 7 a, b. Interior of the ventral valve, and profile view of the same : enlarged figures. 8. Interior, showing the articulation of the valves : t, t, the cardinal teeth; /, the cardinal process; B, B, the brachial processes. 9. Diagram showing a longitudinal section of the valves, the articulating teeth, the cardinal process, spire, and longitudinal septa s, s. 9 a. An enlarged view of the interior of the dorsal valve, showing the crura, the bases of the arms for half a turn, and the connecting process which ascends from the dorsal side to- wards the centre of the spire as shown in fig. 9. Fig. 10 - 15. NiTCLEOSPIRA ELEGANS. 222 10 a, b. Dorsal and ventral views of a very symmetrical specimen of the ordinary size, showing slight indications of the central flattening or depression. 10 d. Profile view. 11 a. Dorsal view of a specimen which is proportionally broader. 12 c. Dorsal view of a specimen without mesial depression, and showing an extension in front. 13 a, b. Dorsal and front views of a large individual which is proportionally very broad and deeply depressed in front. 13 C; and 17 i ( by error for 13 d ) . Dorsal and ventral views of a gibbous specimen, which is produced in front. 14. Ventral valve, showing the spire on one side displaced. Fig. 16 - 19. NuCLEOSPIRA CONCENTRICA. 223 16 a, b, c. Dorsal, ventral and profile views of a small individual, from which the pilose covering has been removed. 10 d, (. Enlargement of the dorsal and ventral sides, showing more distinctly the subrhomboi- dal form and the concentric laminiB of growth. The perforation of the beak appears to have been somewhat enlarged by fractur.e, but this feature is conspicuous in all the specimens of this species. 18. Dorsal view of a specimen, natural size. 19. A transverse section of a specimen, showing the internal spires. Pahvoi.l X.Y.\ol.3. ■Z^:^:K3:. 2i3"inj:smni3isiS- ©if 35. n xxvm n . IBU.it- IH(. Fig. 2 a - 2, & 3. Rhynchonella .bquivalvis.* 224 2 a, b, c. Young individuals of this species. 2 d, e,f & A. Dorsal, ventral, profile, and front views of a larger individual. 2 t. Enlargement of the concentric strisc. 3 a, b, c. An individual having a shorter and more rotund form, with a faintly marked .sinus in front. This is probably a distinct species. Fig. 4 a - o. Rhynchonella mutabilis. 225 4 o, b, c. Young shells having a more elongate form than the prevailing types. i d -k, and p. The shorter form of this shell in the smaller individuals. 4 1-0. Tlie ovoid forms of this species. • This species is probably not a true Rhynchonklla : its surfnce-ebaraoters nnd form approach to Rksssei..15RI.*, while in other respects it resembles Khynchospira. PBlajont.NXVol.a Pen-taniyi'iAi LjineatOTie. (bH AC II H>1* u DA . ; F^ za « « a ^ ^ $ 4» O <5 ^ 0 ^ 9 4 A ^ # ^ 0 A d ^ • ^P ♦^ 6 On StoiiH bv (iwmton. Lif.,',rKKU*KP';[i5». Alba ;n/.n '1 ., ■ I, r iid ,OT«i « B S antiX nit . <>boq« nidi 1o )M9 « 1o »i9j» Uj>i, I PLATE :^0. Page Fig. 1 a - e, &, 2 a - r. RHrNCHONELLA mutabilis. 226 1 a- e. Ovoid forms of this species. 2 a, b, c. Profile views of the more gibbous forms, sliowiiig tlie gradual expansion of tlie dorsal valve. 2 d, e. Front and dorsal views of a very gibbons form. 2/-p, and «. Illustrations of extremely gibbous forms, which sometimes present a sub- quadrangular outline, and some variation in the form of the broad extension of the mesial sinus in front, and in the proportional length and breadth of the dorsal valve as shown in 2 I and 2 o. The form 2 n is rare, but is nevertheless one which the species sometimes assumes. 2 r. Cardinal view of a cast of this species. ^alaeuiit.NYVolS- Pen,ttt7n»"i'ix-a Ltirte stone. IBKACKtUPUUA.) ^« za a ^Z" On Stone by Swmton, Lith t>S RicH''-HPcise AUnny. ^ ' ' ■_ ii^ w m . ^"'* If: aiAJH ■ATAJOa 1W0H3M7BH ''" '"i- - •ifT«i( ,e3iK J ^. ''"" t >SeVHjI ^M ;oil*uii.b li. ew»(Y itntinjKi lina j"i 4 ,'\ - » I -vi I PLATE 31. Fig. 1 a -/, & 2 a - y. Rhynchonella nucleolata. 227 1 a, b, c. A young individual and one of medium size, having smaller plications than usual, and a larger number upon the mesial sinus. 1 d, e.f. Larger individuals having stronger plications than the preceding, and a larger num- ber upon the mesial fold and sinus than those which follow 2 a - e. Figures presenting the ordinary character of the smaller individuals of this species. 2/- t. Illustrations of the gradations in size, form, and proportions of this species. 2 u, X, y. A cast of this species, showing the form of the muscular impression in the ventral valve, the median plate of the dorsal valve, and the alveolar cavities. Fig. i a - d. Rhynchonella abkupta. 228 3 a, b. Dorsal and ventral views of a well-marked individual of this species. 3 c, d. Front and cardinal views of another individual. I'alaponl N Y Vol 3 ^haly Limestone PI 3 1 # O d^ ^ n »/ ^S ^^ \^^tM^^ On tSloiie hy .", Willi r.iUi of Ric:h^ H Pi-a»«. Albany Jul 9« PLATE m, Pago Fig. I a - z, & 2 a - d. Rhynchonella pyramidata. 229 I a - d. Young individuals of this species. 1 e - z. Illustrations of the varying forms of this species, from those of medium size to the largest and most gibhous forms that have been observed. 2 a. A cast of the ventral valve of this species, showing the muscular impression smaller than in R. nucleolata, Plate xxxi, fig. 2 x. 2 6. A cast of the dorsal valve of the same species. 2 c. Interior of the ventral valve, which partially preserves the form of the muscular imprint Palii-ontO.VoI.;j. a)t©*wn«iE iKiagaia)iaiEii3isiEc& ^.sjasajTS'iP. Shalv Linipsloiin. Jilt AI'Hlltl'ODA. PI. i^2. ^ # //<. ip. m Wf ly- Iz. Oji stone "by S-wuiton . Ihh-otSichiH.Pease Albany * v.l. PLATE 33. rage Fig. 1 a - p. Rhtnchonella vellicata. 230 1 a - e. Dorsal, ventral, and profile views of cliaracteristic specimens. lf,g. A form more rotund than usual. 1 h. An individual with a strongly marked sinus and much elevated mesial lobe. 1 t. Profile view of a gibbous form. 1 k, I, m, n. More gibbous forms, which may probably be a variety of R. abrupta. 1 o. Enlargement of the plications in front, showing the central impressed lines and arching striae. 1 p. Cast of the ventral valve, showing the lobed muscular impression. Fig. 2 a - A-. Rhtnchonella altiplicata. 2.S1 2 o, b. Dorsal views of two small individuals. 2 c, d. Front views of the same. 2 e. Profile of one of these. 2/, g. Dorsal and ventral views of a larger individual. 2 A, I. Front and profile of the same. 2 fc. Enlargement of the surface, showing the angular plications and sharply arching stria!, which are more closely arranged than represented in the figure. Fig. 3 a - e. Rhtnchonella acutiplioata. 232 3 o, 6. Dorsal and ventral views of a specimen of this species. 3 c, d. Profile and front views of the same. 3 e ( by mistake 3d). Enlargement of the plications and concentric striae. I'iita*(inl N Y Vol 5 4^ ffi3®Wj§Kt IIC3®i£ia)3SMl«J3Sll«fi, ttiiitQJ-iJUp. •Shaty l.imefltone (BHAcuiuruiiA.t PI 3 3 ^ 4 # 'f '3 ^^ ^ ^ ^^ On Sloiie I. e liy owiiiLon l.it.h 1)1 Kifh^ H Ppasf.Albjin ^ik I !• A 9di •Ifl a.'niV 17,r,rj-)i^fli^ PLATE 34. Fig. 1-6. Rhynchonella? bialveata. 233 1 a, b. Dorsal and ventral views of a small individual. 2 a, b, c. Dorsal, ventral, and profile views of a less elongate fc.rin. 8 a, b, c. An individual having the plications nearly equal, and showing scarcely any indica- tion of a sinus in front. 4. An enlarged figure of the same species. 5 o, 6, c, & 6 a, b, c. BuYijcuoKELL.t semiplicata? The forms here figured closely resemble the R. semiplicata of the Pcutanicrus limestone; being a little more rotund, and deeply sinuate. This form is extremely rare in the shaly limestone of the Lower Ilelderberg group. Fig. 7 & 8. Rhynchonella inutilis. 233 7 a, b. Ventral and profile views of a small individual. 8 a, b. Ventral and front views of a more rotund form. Fig. 9 - 19. Rhynchonella transversa. 234 9 - 14 a, b, c. A series of individuals showing a regular gradation in size, with a gradually increasing depth of sinus. 15 & 16 o, b, c. Individuals having a more strongly defined sinus and me.sial lobe; a single individual having but two folds in the sinus. 17 - 19 a, b. Rhynchonella transversa? var. These forms present some differences of character from those referred to tlie species proper; being somewhat more circular, and the lateral plications a little curving. Fig. 20 & 21. Rhynchonella rudis. 235 20 a, b, c. Ventral, front and profile views. 21 a, b. Profile and front view of a similar form, which varies in some respects. Fig. 22. Rhynchonella planoconvexa. 235 22. A cast of the dorsal valve, preserving the shell upon the margin. i BHAC HlC))'OI) A) « <82» • j«*?.»-. % .)8SJ ^l&i- I ihni iff lii suri % '■iH ?1 - '-^>^ PLATE 35. Pnge Fig. 1 & 2. Rbynchonella sulcoplicata. 236 1 a, b. Ventral and front views. 1 c. Enlargement of the striae. 2 a, b, c, d. Undetermined forms of Bhynchonella. Fig. 3 - 5, & % a - y. Rhynchonella Formosa. 236 3. i a b c d ef, &• 5, may be young forms of R.formosa, possessing some characters not observed in authentic specimens of that species, but approaching figures 6/, g, h. C o - c. Ventral, dorsal, profile, and front views of several individuals of the typical form, with strong plications. G f- I. Specimens with finer and more numerous plications. 6 m - y. Illustrations of specimens which present the ordinary variations of fuU-grown indi- viduals, from the Upper Pentamerus limestone. Palseont,NYVol.3. A S.Slul^ and upper Pentamerui Limeolone [ 'BRAjOWCOVODA.) Jr w v^ PI 35 #4^4 /V\AA ^ # i> ^ i • ¥ A ^ ' I /i if*. tu.. On Stone by twinton. ^S Lithof RioK* H Paaae . AlbAivy. # M PLATE 36. Page Fig. I a - p. Trematospira olobosa. 215 I a - e. Dorsal, profile, and front views of young individuals. 1 /- fc. Individuals of larger size. I I - p. Individuals of full size, showing some differences in the plications and in the eleva- tion of the beak. Fig. 2 a - 1. Trematospira Formosa. * 215 2 o - e. Young shells of this species, the plications fine and equal. The foramen is represented as extended below the beak, and having a triangular form from the absence of the del- tidium : this, however, is an accidental condition, as the young shells frequently preserve the deltidium entire, and present the round perforation as in the beak of old shells. 2/. An individual having strong angular stria) more like the preceding species, but with the elongate form and narrow beak characteristic of this one. 2 g - fc. Dorsal, profile, and front views of specimens of the ordinary size. 2 I - t. Individuals of larger size and very symmetrical form. Fig. B a - g. Trematospira deweyi. 216 3 a, b, c, d. Dorsal, ventral, profile, and front views of a very perfect specimen of medium size. 8 c, /, g. Ventral, dorsal, and profile views of a larger specimen, the sides of which slope more rapidly from the beak. Vor explanations of Trematospira rectirostra, see Plate xcv a. Halaeont N Y Vol 3 '■» n iSKaly- Lime atone (brjlchiufod-A-!) ^ # 4 PI 58 ^ § ^^ # ^ ^ ■»y ^Q^^ O-n. Stoiie "by S-winton., lath of Rich^H. Pease. Albaay. -^ .u I iliw •i ^ ••rt ,l«n«>fl .•> .4 .B >■ PLATE 37. Fig. I a - y. Eatonia medialis. 241 1 a, b. Individuals in which the plications are more numerous than in ordinary specimens. 1 c, d,f, g. Individuals in which the plications are much subdued, and In 1 c rf are scarcely marked. 1 c. An individual more extended on the beak than usual. 1 A - 0. Individuals presenting the usual varieties of form and surface of this .species. Fig. 1 o preserves the fine longitudinal stria;. 1 p, r, «. Ventral, front, and cardinal views of an unusually large Individual, the valves of which are slightly opened. 1 t, u. Ventral and dorsal views of the cast of a small individual. 1 X, y. Casts of the ventral valve. Fig. 2 a, b, c. Eatonia e.minens. 242 2 a. Dorsal valve of the cast. 2 b. Ventral view of the same. 2 c. Profile view, showing the great elevation of tlic dorsal valve. Fig. 3 & 4. Rhynchonella e.minen.s. 237 3 a, b, c. Dorsal, front and profile views of an individual of medium size. 4 a. Dorsal valve of a larger individual. I'alwont NX Vol.3. Shaly Litiieslone. an Actiioi'oijA. Pl»7. It. \ On Stone Vy S-winfoTi LithotRich-JH-PeasF Alba i 1 AJ'I <«Mrt-j/ -jiii' . \ -01' r r -n PLATE :38. Page Fig. 1-7. Leptoc(elia concava. 245 1 a, b, c, d. and 2 a.^ b. c. Dorsal, ventral, profile, and front views of this species. 2 d. Knlargement of the beak of the dorsal valve, showing the foramen and false area. 3 & 4. Specimens with a more extended hinge-lino, and which present some slight ditforoiicos in the striae. o & 6. Interior of a small and of a large ventral valve. 7. The ventral valve enlarged. Fig. 8 - 13. Leptoccei lA imbbicata. 246 8, 9 & 10. Illustrations of the dorsal and ventral valves of the ordinary forms of this species. 11 & 12. Individuals differing somewhat in the plications fiom the more common forms. 13. Dorsal view of a specimen much enlarged. Fig. 14 - 20. Eatonia singulabis. 243 14-16. Ventral, dorsal, and profile views of specimens of the ordinary size. 17 a, b, c, d. Ventral, front, cardinal, and profile views of larger individuals. 18. Ventral valve of an unusually large species. 19 o, b. Ventral and dorsal views of a cast of this species. 20. Enlargement of the surface stria;. Fig. 21 - 26. Eatonia peculiabis. 244 21 . Illustration of one of the shorter forms of this species. 22 a, 6. Dorsal and profile views of a specimen of the ordinary form. 23 a, b. Dorsal and front views of a full-grown specimen, showing the dent icnlat ions in front. 24 a, b, c. Profile, ventral, and front views of a siJeciraen which shows more distinctly the denticulations in front. 25 a, ft. Ventral and dorsal views of a east of this species. 26. Enlargement of the surface stria;. ■i.n>jO:it>rY.Ynl.". m>irmu lajoiBiLi^aimTiJi^m© ®iii(i!MiP SH.M.Y JJMES'i'ONK ( BRACHIOPUUA I I d I'l.W % * # ^ 0 # # • 14 " *- lit 17 4- A 'B ?2 fc - Tffe i (^ ■J3 h ¥ PLATE 39. P«ge Fig. 1-4. Merista ( = Meristella) l.«;vi8. 247 1 a-d. Dorsal, ventral, front, and profile views of a young, very gibbous specimen of this species, wliich shows a small but very deep sinus on the ventral valve. 2 o - e. Dorsal, profile, and front views of young specimens which are not very gibbous. S a - e. Views of young individuals, only one of which shows any evidence of a mesial sinus. Sf.g, h, i, k. Dorsal, ventral, profile, and front views of larger specimens. The specimen tig. 3 g presents no emargination in front, as do the others 3/- fc. 3 /, m, n. Front, dorsal, and cardinal views of a full-grown specimen. 3 0, p. r, s. Dorsal, profile, ventral, and front views of a larger specimen, showing a stronger emargination in front, and a mesial sinus extending nearly to the beak of the ventral valve. 3 t, u. Dorsal and profile views of a larger individual, which has no sinus or elevation upon the valves. It is possible that this may prove a distinct species. 4 a. Interior of the ventral valve. 4 ft, c, d. Casts of the ventral valve, and profile of the same. I'alu'uiil N.V.Vol.li F*<>ii('jtiit>riiN vtnd 1>. Hh'itly LinieHioiif . IM .T.». II II AniifipnivA . (i ci ^ 0 A a ^ i d a 0 S ,to\ •■''■ ■' • 1.,.^I1 „ • p PLATE 40. Page Fig. 1 a - p. Merista ( = Meristklla) bella. 248 1 o - A. Dorsal, ventral, profile, front, and cardinal views of joung slu-lls. 1 i, k, I. Views of a larger specimen. The si)ecies rarely attains a larger size than these figures. 1 m - p. Views of an unusually large specimen of this sijecies. Fig. 2 a, h. Renssel^ria l^vis. 2.^6 2 a, b. Dorsal and profile views of a specimen of this species. Fig. '2 c -f, & S a - d. Merista ( = Mekistki.i.a) subqt'adkat.^. 249 2 e, d, e,/. Dorsal, ventral, profile, and front views of a young individual. 3 a. Dorsal view of this species. 3 b. Ventral view, showing the marks of the internal sj)ircs. S c, d. Profile and front view of the same. faI»-otitN.Y.Vol.3. Shaly liim^Ntone. DK ArniOPODA. n 40 <^ 0^ (% (^ n Stone Vy .S-wijuon Xith.t.fRichJH.Fease Albany M' ' , tlUi ' Vl'Ijll (nit ii'»n Stone Vy SwintoTi . I.ii!j.': Kuii'H.r.*.i>. All- > >'l vj'i JiU l' PLATE 4-2. Pogs Fig. 1 a - r. Atrypa reticularis. 253 1 a, b, c, d. Ventral and profile views of young specimens. 1 e. Dorsal view of the ordinary form of large individuals. 1/, g, h. Dorsal, front and profile views of a specimen from the Upper Pentamerus limestone. 1 {, *, I. Dorsal, ventral and profile views of an elongate or ovoid form of this species. 1 m. Interior of the dorsal valve. 1 «. Interior of the ventral valve, showing the teeth, muscular area, and tlie va.scular im- pressions. 1 0. The ventral valve of a smaller individual. 1 p. A specimen with the dorsal valve partially broken away, showing the internal spires, which, by mistake of the lithographer, are represented as one. ] r. Front view showing the arrangement of the spires. b falwuntX.Y. Vol.3. Shvlr liimeHlone. , UR-\ciuoroi).^ P142. • I IhlLofRicii^lf.P*ase AUairv On Stone try .^'vrintoTi.. '^ ■ n '^^ .y.i PLATE 43. Fig. 1 « - m. Rhynohonella venteicosa. 238 1 a, b. c. Dorsal, ventral, and profile views of a specimen of ordinarj- size and proportions. 1 d. Front view of the same specimen. 1 e,f, g, h. Dorsal, ventral, and profile views of more ventricose specimens. 1 i. fc. Profile and front views of an extremely ventricose specimen. 1 /. Dorsal view of a more elongate form than usual. 1 m. Knlargcment of the plications, showing impressed lines and strong striae in front of the shell. Fig. 2 a - 1. Rhynohonella campbellana. 239 2 o - e. Ventral, dorsal, profile, and front views of young specimens. 2/, h. Dorsal and profile views of an individual of full size. 2 g, i. Ventral and front views of an individual of full size, which is broader in the middle than usual. 2 fc. Enlargement of several plications of the front of the ventral valve. 2 /. A cast of the ventral valve [ the letter / should be Z ] . Fig. % a- I. Rhynohonella nobilis. 240 3 o, 6. A young siwcimen with a scarcely defined sinus. 8 c, d. e.f. Dorsal, ventral, front, and profile views of an individual of medium size. 3 g, h. Dorsal and front views of a larger and more gibbous specimen. 3 t, k. Dorsal and front views of the largest and most ventricose form that has been observed. 3 Z [ by error marked 3 6]. A cast of the ventral valve of this species. PiiIwoiitN.Y.Vol.;j. upper I*enlanii-rn» IjiiiifsteuM'- HRACHIOPOWA PL4.3. / A. ^ On Stoii^ Vy. ;-i-v/intoTi,. Ihh.orSvca^H.P.iasp ALbnry -<«^ PLATE 44. Fjg. 1-5. Meeista ( = Meristella? ) trinceps. ^J 1 a, fc; 2 a, 6, and 8 o, 6, c. Ventral, dorsal, profile, and front views oi young individnalH, where the sinus is scarcely defined beyond the front, and there is no niesial fold on the dorsal valve. These specimens preserve so much tlie character of Meruia lavis, that 1 have some hesitation in placing them under this species; but they are more extended in front, and the outline less regularly curved . A a,b, c,d. Dorsal, ventral, profile and front views, in which the characteristic features of the species are fully developed . ■* «)/> St *• Views of a specimen of extremely large size, showing the broad and shallow mesial sinus, and the linguiform extension in front, which is bent abruptly upwards. 6 o, b, c, d. Views of a specimen having the form of the two preceding, but with a narrower and more angular sinus. Fig. 6 a, b, c, d. Merista meeki. 252 6 o, 6. Ventral and dorsal views of this species. 6 f , d. Profile and front views of the same. PalwontNT.Vol.'i. Shaly liimeKlorie. UR ACIIKIPonA. VI 44. Or i^iciie trf ^iwtntoTi. Lith-ot" Rich? H. Pease JUbauy rf i .i^.jji? xaiia -'li-i . ., j^;;l uiio-sti ,Uno(I PLATE 45. Page Pig. 1. Merista ( = Meristella), species undetermined. 252 This species, of the size of 1 a and more rarely of 1 b, c, occurs in considerable numbers in the Upper Pentamerus limestone, and 1 d has the same form and proportions; but I have not been able to determine fully its relations to the other species described, or whether it may be the extreme young of itf. princeps. Fig. 2 a - p. Henssel^ria mutabilis. 254 2 o, b. Dorsal and profile views of a young specimen. ■ 2 c. Dorsal view of a large specimen, where the beak is scarcely incurved. 2 d, e,f, g. Specimens presenting the ordinary characters of the species. 2 h, i. Dorsal and profile views of a more elongated form, which is slightly wider towards the upper part of the shell. 2 fc, I, m. Dorsal, profile and front views of a very gibbous specimen. 2 n, 0, p. Views of specimens which are much broader towards the upper part of the shell, very gibbous, and having the beak closely incurved. Fig. 3 a - g'. Renssel-sikia jEquiradiata. 255 8 a, b, c. Dorsal, ventral and profile views of a large specimen, which is proportionally longer tlian the prevailing forms. 3 d. Front view of the same. 3 e,f,g. Dorsal, ventral and front views of a larger specimen, which has a proportionally greater breadth than the preceding. Fig. 4. Renssel.^ria elliptica. 256 i a. b, c. Dorsal, profile and front views of the same specimen. Pida-urif N.T.Vol.i. n. Sliul) Mii upper PentameruD I.imcKtone. URAC]UOPOJ>A VIAS. a 9 ^ A ^ 0 J^ 9 If. ,,. jt ,1 Q 0 0 t>n Sioiiis Vy. S-wTiiton , Xith.ulRicb^H.PeasK Alli;iiiy r f PLATE 46. Page Fig. 1 a- z. Pentamerus galeatus. 257 1 a, 6, c. Young shells which are free from plications. 1 d, e,/. Views of a young specimen which has become very gibbous, and with plications strongly developed upoi; the mesial fold. 1 g, h, i. Three figures of half-grown individuals, showing the different degrees of develop- ment in the plications. 1 fc, I. Dorsal and front views of a large specimen, in which no plications are developed. The surface presents well-marked concentric striee, and obscure longitudinal striae on the ventral valve. 1 m. A dorsal valve which is strongly plicate, but shows no mesial sinus. 1 n, 0. Specimens showing the plications developed upon the mesial portion of the shell in very different degrees of strength. 1 p. Profile of the specimen 1 o. 1 q, r, t. Dorsal, profile and front views of a specimen having plications only on the mesial fold and sinus. 1 t, u. Dorsal views of specimens with plications developed over the entire surface of the valves; the one with, and the other without a mesial sinus. 1 w. An individual showing bifurcating and coalescing strise. 1 X. Profile of the specimen 1 w. 1 y, z. Front views of specimens, the one with and the other without a mesial sinus. TiOw.iitTJYVolS a 'y ( BHAl'JilOPilOA. Y\ AW /^.'.; •'u ■■by 8%\-hi[ii Lit'h oFKtolt'^U I'eaje.AlbiULy-. PLATE 47. Page Fig. la- m. Pentamerus galeatus. 257 1 a. A sijecimen having the beak of the dorsal valve broken off, showing the triangular cavity beneath the beak of the opposite valve. 1 6, c. Ventral valves of this fossil : the one filled vi'ith stone, showing only the triangular cavity a; and the other having the stone removed by weathering, showing the cavity a and the septum n, presenting the common character of this fossil as seen upon the wea- thered surface of the Lower Pentamerus limestone of the Lower Helderberg group. 1 d. Dorsal valve, showing the entire extent of the cavity formed by the dental lamellae, and the central septum below. 1 e. Lateral view where portions of both valves are removed, showing the extent of the dental lamellae or spoonshaped cavity a as shown in flg. 1 d, the central septum of the ventral valve B, and one of the septa d of the dorsal valve, which becomes free at its extremity. 1/. Interior of the hinge : e, e, the line of junction of the two valves. The septa of the upper or dorsal valve correspond to the extension of the dental lamella; or sides of the spoonshaped cavity in the lower or ventral valve. 1 g. Dorsal view of a cast, showing the septa d, o; the cast of the triangular cavity beneath the beak of the ventral valve a. 1 A. Cardinal view of the same, showing the form of the cast filling the triangular cavity beneath the beak a, and its extension below into the central septum, which in the cast divides the valve into two parts. The lines of the two longitudinal septa of the dorsal valve are marked D, d, as in the preceding figure. 1 i. Cast of the ventral valve, showing the longitudinal septum b. 1 fc, I, m. Profile, ventral and front views of an extravagant specimen which shows bifurcating plications upon the mesial sinus and fold. i»ai»ou(N.v.Voi.:;. I*eiifam«>i-iis und I). Sliul^ LiiiicKloue. nil ArniopoDjt . PL n rNlon<'. IIHACIUOI'ODA PUB. ^^^ / cL. % .rf^^^"'!?^ Wk 6 ■^ Stcne Iry. .S-winton., Inh.ofRidi^H.Fease All».iir7 PLATE 48. Page Fig. 1 a- y- Pentamerus verneuili ( n. s.). 260 1 a,b. Ventral and front views of a young specimen. 1 e, d. Dorsal and profile views of a specimen larger than the preceding. 1 e. The cardinal view of 1 c, d enlarged, showing the triangular foramen and apparent area. 1 /. Dorsal valve of a finely plicated specimen. 1 h. The same enlarged, to show the regularly intercalated smaller plications. 1 g. Ventral view, showing the bifurcating plications. 1 t, fc, I. Ventral, dorsal and profile views of a specimen with simple coarse plications. 1 m. Front view of a specimen similar to the preceding. 1 n, 0, p. Ventral, profile and front views of a large specimen which preserves the prevailing character of the species. The profile view shows the incurved dorsal beak, and the nearly straight ventral beak, a little separated. 1 r. Cardinal view, showing the short accessary plications which mark the lateral areas. 1 s. Profile view of another specimen, showing the beaks of the two valves in contact, the usual condition of the shell. 1 t. Interior of the dorsal valve, showing the two longitudinal septa and the broad brachial processes at the hinge line. 1 u. Interior of the ventral valve, showing the elongate spoonshaped cavity, with the lateral lobes and the slight extension of the central septum. 1 X. The same enlarged, showing the muscular imprints at the base of the cavity. 1 V. Interior of the two valves in connexion, showing the triangular cavity and central septum below and the double septa above with the lamellaj, which extend far into the interior of the upper or dorsal valve. 1 y. Longitudinal section of the dorsal valve, showing the comparative extent of the spoon- shaped cavity and the narrow short septum below. Fig. 2 a- I. Pentamerus pseudogaleatus ( n. s.). 259 2 o, b, c, d. Dorsal, profile and front views of young individuals. 2 e. Dorsal view of a specimen of medium size. 2/, g. Front and profile views of the same specimen. 2 A, i. Profile and front views of a very gibbous specimen, which represents the character of the ordinary full-grown individual. 2 k, I. Dorsal and profile views of an unusually large specimen from which the shell is par- tially exfoliated, showing the two septa of the dorsal valve. PiiIa Mini upper Ponlanii»riih liinii>Kt(>rip. PUB. HR.\ciiioroi>A ^^^^ id,. % ».f t t int. 2 <( ^ ^ Stone "by. S^winton . J«h.ofRich?H.Feasp Alfc^ny .HUf.y. ■i^-rimi 1)91 'in? i^sl 3lil )S IM9 A i l?h9dT . i \ X r 'd« 0*1 o4t ,wfliY Uuii' !i J* >o TohaJffl PLATE 49. Pag« Fig. 1. Tellinomya nucleiformis. 263 1. A cast of the left valve. Fig. 2 a - e. Modiolopsis? dubius. 264 2 a. The right valve of a specimen which is slightly imperfect at the posterior extremity. 2 6. Cardinal view of the same. The apparent gaping at the posterior extremity is due to imperfection of the specimen. 2 c. The right valve of this species. 2 d. Tlie left valve of a larger individual. 2 «. A fragment of limestone preserving the separated valves of several individuals. Fig. 8 a - d. Anatina? sinuata. 265 3 a. The right valve? of a specimen in which the two extremities are imperfect. 3 6. Cardinal view of the same. The compression of the anterior extremity is not distinctly represented. 3 c. The right valve? of a specimen from which the shell is nearly exfoliated, and the beaks broken off. 3 d. Profile view of the same Fig. 4. Megambonia suboebicularis. 278 4 a. The left side of the cast, showing the muscular impression. 5 6 ( by error for 4 4 on plate). Profile view from the posterior side. Fig. 5. Megambonia spinneri. 274 5 a. The left side of the cast, showing the form, the muscular scar, and elevation of the beak. 4 6 ( by error for 5 6). Profile view from the posterior side. 5 c. Cardinal view, showing the prominence of the muscular scars. Fig. 6. AvictiLA obscura. 280 6. Interior of a right valve, having the anterior wing nearly obliterated, and the other broken off at some distance from the extremity. Fig. 7 & 8. Megambonia aviculoidea. 274 7 a. The left valve of a young shell. 7 6. The left valve of a larger individual. 8. A full-grown? individual preserving in part the anterior and posterior extensions, the shell being removed from the central prominent part of the fossil. Fig. 9. Megambonia ehomboidea. ^ 275 9. The left valve, imperfect at the posterior side, and also at the anterior side, though the latter is not shown in the figure. P«l«om.SV.VoiJ. iCiaDwiE[aiiriS3LiBiMm]®Kisi® ©moDiDrip (TtNTACULITC trMCSTONEj (tAMKUjIBKANCTUATA.) 71.49. » I a.tl. 3 t 3.C. 7i % & r.B. Meek, dot IadT.ofKoffmajv,Kiitckerbockert Co Albany, NT asis Itfiniaa .ntmifi'fji^ / KltfJSUMli: a i V flTfi ()-<; ***;-.'<) -jili oivA Ai>!oai[Ai>aM .8 .gj'i HHfwoiie iii yioin PLATE 49 A. Page Fig. 1. CyPRICAEDINIA LAMELLOSA. 266 1 a. A specimen, natural size. 1 b. The same enlarged to nearly tliree diameters. 1 c. Cardinal view of the same enlarged. Fig. 2. Cypkicardinia dorsata. 267 2. The right valve of this species. Fig. 3. Megambonia mytiloidea. 276 3 a. The right valve of the specimen. 3 b. Profile view of the same. Fig. 4. Megambonia ovoidea. 276 4 a. The left valve of the specimen. 4 4. Profile of the same, looking iijjon the cardinal line; the beak of the right valve broken off. Fig. 5. Megambonia suborbicularis, 273 5. A cast of the left valve of this species. Fig. 6. AviouLA sxjbeqtjilatera. 281 6. The left valve of this species. Fig. 7. Megambonia obscura. 277 7. The right valve of the specimen. Fig. 8. Megambonia aviouloidea. 274 8. The left valve of a specimen of this species. Fig. 9. AvicuLA [ ? ] navipormis. 279 9 a. A left valve preserving the entire form, with some remains of the shell, showing the concentric lamellose markings and the radiating stria. 9 c. A larger individual in which the radiating striae are scarcely shown. 9 6. A large individual, in which the shell is better preserved than in the other specimens : the umbo is proportionally less elevated, and the continuity of tlie hinge-line is interrupted or obscured by the surrounding stone. The radiating stria are a little too strong in the figure. Palieont.XY.VblJ. iL(n)^nEiR]iriEmiBsm.TBsiiic& [&m(DW]p (TtNTACULfTC AND PENTAMrHUS UMtSTONe) (].AMBIJ.IBJlAJSrCHIA.Ta-) ^ lb. Pi.«.i 3.i. 9 SC. TB.MMk.del Ljth.of Hofluian,I.stuiie.) (j.AMj:iJ,tBHAlfCH.tATA) P1.51 . ■tte-siiSSSfe, F.B Meek, del. flvriivton.. litb. . r^ I^'^^<- IB ^fWK I"' ■Wl V> 1 PLATE 52. P»ge Fig. 1-7. AvicuLA COMMUNIS. 286 1. A cast of tlie left valve which has been transversely compressed, elevating the anterior and depressing the posterior wing. The radii are pretty regularly interrupted by the concen- tric stria;. 2. A smaller individual in which the shell is well preserved, showing the stronger and in- termediate finer radii. 3. The interior of the left valve of a specimen of this species, in which the anterior wing is imperfect, as well as the cardinal margin of the posterior wing. 4. The cast of the interior of a smaller specimen, having the posterior side and extremity of the wing broken off. 6. The right valve, from which the shell has been partially removed. The radii are much more nearly equal, than on the opposite valve. 6. The interior of a smaller specimen, in which the radii are more equal. 7. A smaller individual (apparently of the same species), having the posterior side and base broken off, and the anterior side entire. Fig. 8. AviCULA PAUCIRADIATA. 287 8. The interior of the specimen described. Fig. 9, and 10? Avicula textilis. 288 9. The left valve of this species, preserving the posterior wing and the greater part of the body of the shell, the anterior portion being broken off. 10? The interior of a left valve, which, in the general form and obliquity of the body of the shell, corresponds to this species, but the wing is shorter. The abrupt separation between the body of the shell and the wing may be due to pressure, which has produced a slight folding along that line. PalieoiU NT VoJ 3 ( A.CBFHAI.AA fi 53 On Stone iiy )■ .1 iSwiiito? ■Lull ol R H I*«M.-ir Alb-ny I iKtaii* *l ' iii d-jjdw ri 1 1 i'riag lid) ! _ t^lni ud< noTi Mao t. iiiw loHatiui 9it ' PLATE 53. rage Fig. 1, 4 & 6. AvicuLA COMMUNIS. 286 1 . A young shell of this species, which preserves the anterior and posterior wings entire, with the gibbous umbo and beak elevated above the hinge-line. 4. A specimen of medium size, which is very gibbous above the middle and at the umbo. Tlic wing is erroneously represented as too pointed, by leaving out a portion which is obscurely visible on the posterior sinuate margin. 6. A similar specimen, in which the body of the shell is a little more oblique than usual. The posterior extension of the wing is broken off, so that the margin reijrescntcd is not the natural one. Fig. 2, 3, 5, 7 & 10. AvicuLA textilis. 288 2. The right valve of a young shell which is imperfect, but, in the obliquity of the body and general form, corresponds to this species. It is moderately convex, a little gibbous on the umbo, and the surface of the shell shows subdued radii, wliilc the wing shows only concentric markings as in A. communis. 3. Tlie left valve of a young shell preserving the surface markings, with radiating striae upon the wing, as in the larger specimens. The posterior part of the wing is broken off, so that the full extent is not shown in the figure. 5. The interior of the left valve of a shell of this species. In the figure, the sinus on the outer margin is too abrupt : a cast from this interior presents precisely the characters shown in fig. 9, Plate lii. 7. The left valve of a small specimen of this species : the anterior wing and beak are broken off, as well as a part of the posterior wing. 10. A cast of the left valve of this species, from which the shell has been exfoliated and the posterior and basal margins broken off. The specimen is a little more abruptly convex in the middle and upper part than usual in shells of this species. Fig. 8 & 9. AVIOULA BELLULA. 289 8. A specimen showing the two valves connected at the hinge. 9. The interior of a left valve of the same species. Fig. 11 - 14. AVICUL.4. SECURIFORMIS. 290 11. A specimen of the left valve, in which the proportions of length and height are nearly equal. The deep marginal sinuosity of the posterior wing is exaggerated, from imperfec- tion in the specimen. 12. The left valve, preserving the form nearly entire ; the upper part of the surface being exfoliated so as to obliterate the markings. 13. The specimen is apparently the inner side of the right valve, and is quite flat. The broad costa: represented are the elevated spaces between the external costfe, showing as de- pressions on the inside of the shell. 14. A partial cast of the left valve of this species. I rala>onl..\.V \()l ,'i lLCiiJ\^'7S3m3Ji^:jMffil3!:ilLJSDI«Mlg- l^J-3td!D1W3i", (l..\MKl,l.ri>ll,\.\(lll.VTA.) lM..-.:». S.Mee>rt,l. ^.rj;. ol'H.iUlndti, p.'.io.,./, To'Uv AU> ij. •Stl .it 3T/ I'! .1 .^ri ■ti^iiil rfsnm not a(iio4M14<| dJrw liol. rit ^niwods w/iV .& I 4 loi'lataii >MfT .i 1 A .6 r.TAft.-i' >I8 driw {)■ »fT ,8 itftS.' iMOXOj vKtidn mow sdt n. \ iMnTy L^^\ iilijroj .11 iJ'loii'jiq ailj Liu, ,jj.. >« ''.ji.T.iTry.tT Jt};; s^J 'lu H J. , PLATE 55. Page Fig. 1. Strophostylus eleqans. 304 1 a. A small specimen which is imbedded in limestone. 1 6. A larger individual. 1 e. A larger specimen, the surface better preserved. 1 d. An enlarged figure, showing more distinctly the fine stria; and form of the shell. Fig. 2. MURCHISONIA BILIRiTA. 299 2. A fragment preserving two volutions. Fig. 3. Platyostoma? subangulata. 301 3 o. A lateral view of the specimen. 3 b. View of the base of the same. Fig. 4. Platyostoma depressa. 301 4 o. A lateral view of a small individual. 4 b. The lower side of a similar specimen. The umbilicate character is due to the removal of the columella; the opening being a cast, which i)reserves the impressions of the stria. Fig. 5 & 7. Plattceras sinuatum. 314 6. View looking upon the spire of a small specimen, showing the deep marginal sinuosity and the strong wrinkled surface. 7. A dorsal view of a larger individual which is compressed upon the outer volution, showing the narrow linear sinus near the aperture, which, from the bending of the striie nearer the apex, must have been wider at that period of growth. Fig. 6. Platyceras gebiiardi. 312 6 a. An enlargement of the spire of the specimen fig. 5, Plate lvi; showing the carinatiou along the summit, and the abrupt bending of the stria;. 6 6. A still farther enlargement, showing the fine revolving strise which cancellate the coarser transverse strisD, and the proportionate size of the two sets. Fig. 8. Strophostylus globosus. 305 8. A cast of this species, preserving a fragment of the shell along the suture. Fig. 9. PliATYOSTOMA VENTRIOOSA. 300 9 a. View of a depressed-globose specimen, from which the shell is nearly removed. 9 6. View of the aperture of the same. [ The figure does not properly represent the specimen.] 9 c. A globose specimen which preserves a fragment of the shell. 9 d. A worn specimen, showing a longitudinal section of the shell on one side of the centre. Fig. 10 & 11. Platyceras robustum. 313 10. View of the spire of a large individual, sliowing the undulating strise and the sinuosities of the right side of the aperture. 11 a. View of the aperture of a smaller specimen, which is a cast. 11 b. View of the aperture of a similar specimen. I'.ilu-om X V Vol.1 Del Shtfly Limpfllone. ( GASTEROPODA..) Plate X> F B Meek del Litiiu; Fa,-lifH V ■»s^,M',nic/ '* Ui>,.. u'i4 -hU '/TAj'i W 9lfti>l'l '.' A 8 .jiM liiM ^Mfl lo jnuoT 'jiU,a4 x*"* ifoidw .osmiri'. ■1 » to KW PLATE 58. Puge Fig. 1 - 5. Platycebas tenuilibatum. 317 1. A young shell where the second sinus is not developed. 2 a. A specimen where the second sinus lias begun to be developed. 2 6. Yiew of the aperture and umbilicus of the same. The expanded peristome is broken off, e.xccpt a small portion adjacent to the volution. ;> a. Profile of a specimen which is more coarsely striated than usual. 3 b. Spire of the same. o c. Enlargement of the surface of this specimen, showing the transverse and longitudinal stria; . 4 a. "View of the spire of an individual where the peristome has been much expanded on the side of the volutions. 4 6, Lower side of the same, shownig the umbilicus. The ])eristomc has originally extended much farther, so as nearly to cover the umbilicus. 5 o. A large individual of this species, showing the broad shallow sinus in the peristome. 5 6. View of the same, showing the sinus on the lower side of the shell. 5 c. An enlargement of the surface near the aperture, where the transverse strljc have lie- comc lamellose. Fig. 6. Platycebas bisinuatltm. 318 6 a. The upper side of the spire, showing the sinus in the peristome, and the sinus bordering the dorsal lobe : the extension of the latter, being broken off, presents the appoarance of the notch in the peristome at this point. 6 A. The lower side, showing the sinus on the lower side of the dorsal lobe. The notch in the peristome is exaggerated by the broken condition of the shell. Fig. 7. Platycebas pentalobits. 319 7 a. View of the spire and the plications of the surface. 7 6. View of the aperture and lower part of the spire. 7 c. Profile or dorsal view. Fig. 8 & 9. Platycebas mpltisinuatum. 319 8 a. View of the aperture and lower side of the shell (which is represented as too smooth In the figure, from a little adhering stone). 8 6. View of the spire and upper side of the volutions, showing the folds or carina. 8 c. An oblique view, showing the sinuosity in the anterior margin of the aperture. i) a. An older specimen In which the inequalities from the upper part of the last volution are worn off, the plications i)eing more strongly marked on the peristome. 0 6. Dorsal or profile view, showing the outer volution above the apex of the spire. Tlie deep sinus in the anterior margin of the yonnger shell is not conspicuous in this one, the peri- stome having become strongly and almost regularly plicate, except on the posterior side, where there is a broad shallow sinus. Fig. 10. Platycebas eetroesum. 320 10 a. The upper side of the spire, from which the shell is worn smooth and partially removed. 10 b. Profile view, showing the dorsal side and the elevated apex of the spire. 10 c. An imperfect specimen, which may be the young of the same. Fig. 11. Platycebas intebmedium. 321 11. View of the upper side of the spire, which is incorrectly represented at the apex. The apparent contraction toward the anterior side of the aperture is due to accident. Fig. 12. Platycebas sp.? 12 o, b. Two views of a cast ; species undetermined. r Pala-oiit N.y.Vol.3. aiiLWJim isnEiLMmm.mmm.^ ©niffi-Eri?. Slia'ly LitiicHtuiic ) ( eAS TE HO POD A ) H ..M % OH ^!T(Vii.lya.,,ifeL, e> lith. k PLATE 59. Page Fig. 1-4. Platyceras unguiforme. 322 1 a, b, h 2. Views of young individuals of this species. 3 a. Profile view from the dorsal side, showing the spire and the broad flat jilications. 3 b. Yicw of the upper side of anotlier specimen, with more numerous plications. 4 a, var. 7nuUicarinatum. View of the lower side of a specimen which has numerous narrow plications. 4 b, c. Views of the upper sides of similar specimens. Fig. 5 ffl - 2 & 6 c. Platyceras dilatatum. 322 5 a, b. Young specimens of this species. 5 c. A larger specimen, showing a shallow sinus on the back and the commencement of small plications on the right side. 5 d. A larger specimen where the plications are more fully developed. 5 e. Dorsal view of a similar specimen in which the plications are more developed, and the obtuse carina extending from the apex is more defined, and ending in a broad extension in front (which is broken off' in the specimen figured ). 5/. View of the aperture of the same specimen, showing the incipient plications ujjon the left side of the aperture. ' 5 g-. A specimen in which the spiral carina is more strongly developed, and is marked by a deep sinuosity in the peristome. 5 h. An enlargement of the surface, showing the bending of the striie as they cross the carina. 5 i. An enlargement of the surface of a young specimen, where the longitudinal stria; are more conspicuous. 6 c. This specimen is probably one of the same species, which is less expanded towards the aperture, and has one more volution at the apex than the preceding figures. Fig. 6 a, b. Platyceras tenuiliratum. 317 6 a, b. The specimen may be a compressed form of this species. Fig. Q d - g, k 7 a. Platyceras oibbosum. 328 6 d. View of the aperture of a large specimen of this species. 6 e. A similar specimen, with less strongly plicated margins and a smaller spire. Qf. The upper side of the spire of fig. 6 e. The specimen is not quite symmetrical in its convexity. 6 g. The upper side of the spire of the specimen fig. 6 d. 7 a. The lower side of a smaller specimen, showing strong plications. Fig. 7 b. Platyceras sulcoplicatum. 324 7 b. The figure represents the specimen lying with the aperture downward. Fig. 8. * Platyceras perplicatum. 825 8. Anterior view of the specimen. Fig. 9. Platyceras retrorsum. 320 9 o, i. A specimen which is probably of this species : it is broken at the apex, and somewhat otherwise distorted. Fig. 10. Platyceras plicatile. 325 10 a. View of the upper side of the shell. 10 b. View of the aperture. Pala-onI X.V Vol .J lO.SIKIIDPODA., VI. so. *1 1 % ff .;,v,ii r. H.ithnai-. r^rf-.'e^To-'U.-Y.Ail'aay 9k' '^Sf>HT'»;i l/.»"l . i PLATE 60. Page Fig. 1 & 2. Platyceeas platystomum. 326 1 a. Vitw of tlie right side of a specimen, the apex of which is broken off. 1 6. The cast of a similar specimen, preserving the impressions of the plications. 2. A similar si)ccimen^ showing a little irregularity at the apex. The plications arc shown onlv on one side. J'ig. 8. Platyceras platystomum, xar. alveatum. 32fi 3 a. The right side, showing the upper side of the spire. 3 b. The left posterior side. 3 c. View of the aiicrture. Fig. 4. Platyceras retrorsum, var. abnormis. 321 4 a. Upper side of the shell, showing the plications and the strong lamellosc striae 4 b. The lower side of the same, which is marked onh* by concentric lanicUose stria-. 4 c. An enlargement of the stria* on the upper side. Fig. G a - c. Platyceras' qibbosum. fi a, b. Two views of a much crnshed specimen of this species. f) c. Enlf.r^ement of the surface, showing the wrinkled transvere stria;. Fig. 0 d, e. Platyceras bisulcatum. 327 6 d. View of the ui)pcr side of the spire, showing the two sharp grooves and the limad lidies. 6 e. The left side, showing the sinuous striae with an undefined longitudinal plication : there arc, besides this, one or two obscure plications. •MisiL^^iiii;' 35.es smji,ii,\r ifjiiMissirajsr'ji I, liASTKKdPODA .1 /■IQO ^& .19 .'I U tU.OTSiTtf. 1 Tji''! R -Si'l PLATE 61. Fig. 1. Platyceras platystomum. 320 1 a. The left posterior side of a specimen, which is crushed on the upper side. 1 b. The anterior side of the same, the distortion being due to pressure. 1 c. A young individual which is somewhat distorted by prcssura. Fig. 2. Platyceras ventricosus. 2. View of the aperture of a specimen of this species. A part of the preceding volution has boon removed by weathering. Fig. 3. Platyceras pileiforme. 327 8 a. The upper side of a specimen in which the apex is partially broken ofl'. [ The minute volution is seen on the specimen, though not represented in the figure.] 3 i. Profile view of a young specimen. Fig. 4. Platyceras perlatum. 328 4 a. View looking upon the summit of the fossil. The indentation near the summit may have been due to the involution of the apex of the shell, which afterwards became solid, a.s the apex of the cast is not broken. i b. An oblique postero-Iateral view of the specimen. JffiSlLTrBIinLJIS flS^IL"^ ILHKEISSirfflJMIS liASiKROI'DUA .) pi61 ~\ \ ^ ■■- sif / J- » i.ith. t*. Iswinion . t I i PLATE 62. 32S Fig. 1-5. Platvceras calaxtica. 1. View of the upper side of tlie spire of a specimen where the apex is entire. The shell is nearly all exfoliated from the body of the specimen. 2. A similar but less symmetrical specimen, preserving little of the shell. 8. Anterior view of fig. 1. 4. View of the upper side of the spire of a smaller specimen, in which the apex is broken off. 6. A smaller specimen of, apparently, the same species, having the apex broken off and the shell compressed from above. Fig. 6 & 7. Platyceras obesum. 329 6. Lateral view of the specimen, from which the shell is nearly all exfoliated. 7. A portion of the peristome, from which the upper part of the shell has been worn away, showing the plications. P'ig. 8 & 9. Edriocrinus saccilus? 143 8. Lateral view of an extremely elongate specimen. 9. A'iow showing the interior. These same figures are given on Plate i.xxxvii, fig. Id & 20. Palwont N Y VoJ . 3. \ ( BASTEHOPOBA.) PI 62 On Sf.oTip, by T J SwTnlon . IitU.Df R.H PBasp. Albajiy '■«»»»»# •rf^! i'Mia otam ■ ' JTTA J^ Iltil « jrr SI M .^. ■f .i. .i/P' PLATE 6:3. Paec Fi2. 1, 2, 3. Platvceras lamkllosum. 330 1 a, b. The anterior and posterior sides of a Kmall specimen. 1 c. Knlargement of the surface, showing the undulating transverse lamella! and the fine lon- gitudinal striic. 2 a. b. A'iews of the anterior and posterior sides of a larger individual. 3. A larger individual, in which the transverse lamella; are mucli subdued : the longitudinal ridge is an accidental feature. Fig. 4-9. Platyceb.\s spirale. 331 4. A young individual of this sijccies, in which no plications arc developed. 5 a. A larger specimen, in which the plications are very strongly developed on the right po- sterior side of the shell. 5 b. The posterior side of the same shell. 6. A specimen of equal size with the preceding, in which the pl'cations are hut partially developed, or shown principally in the undulations of the stria; of the surface. 7. A similar specimen which is smooth on the anterior side, and showing only two or three plications on the posterior side. 8. A more elongated specimen, with strongly developed plications. ( The upper part has been broken off, and presents some imperfection at the junction of the two parts.) 9 a. The anterior side of another specimen, in which plications are but faintly developed. 9 b. The posterior side of the same. The e.xpansion towards the aperture is increased beyond the natural width, by compression. Fig. 10, 12 & 13. Platyceras incii.e. 332 10. The lower part of the shell, consisting of a single volution. 12. A s])ccimen preserving imperfectly the apex and nearly two volutions below. The specimen is somewhat flattened from pressure. 13. A fragment which is probably the apex of a specimen of this species. Fig. 11. Platyceras tub.eforme. 332 11. A fragment preserving a little more than one volution. Fig. li a- e. Platyceras newberryi. 333 14 a. Dorsal side of the last volution. 14 b. View of the top of the spire. 14 c. The lower side of the shell. 14 d. Posterior view, partially showing the aperture. 14 e. Enlargement of the surface, showing the longitudinal stria;. Palivoiil .NY. Vol.3. ( Slnflly Lxinestone) tGASTKHl)POI>A) PI 03 SwiTLtoi... dfel. if\ iitjx. .4(! ^ iw ni ,I*cJ ana il (tsi/ PLATE 64. P.ge Fig. 1-5. Plattceras plicatum. 334 1. A young specimen in which no plications are developed. 2. A more slender specimen in which the plications are strongly marked. 3 & 4. A larger individual, in which the plications arc but moderately developed. 5. A large specimen which is compressed, the view shownig a width greater than the natural width of the shell. Fig. G & 10. Plattceras elonoatum. 335 6. A young specimen of this species. 10. A large individual from which the extremity of the apex is broken, and the shell partially exfoliated from the lower part. Fig. 7, 8, 9. Plattceras pyramtdatum. 336 7 & 8. Two views of the same specimen. 9. View of a smaller specimen. Pake oat NY Vol S. S).©esj:v.2L'^ ilsss3:i©'S'®ss"is. PI. 64 tJn Stone "by T J SwiiLton Lich of K K Pease, Albauv ' I 'I' i id 4di 1o astaiooii^ .- 1 iir 8>«.fiT'rAj*T iiisiii;;*^ J. ■ n'i--\ -xif ii. TiT^inajTAf. PLATE 65. Page Fig. 1. Platyceras undulostriatum. 336 1 a. View of the upper side of the spire. 1 b. The lower side, showing the narrow groove in the last volution. Fig. 2. Platyceras clavatum. 337 2. A specimen of this species, from which the shell is nearly exfoliated. Fig. 3. Platyceras curvirostrum. 338 8 a. The upper side of the Spire, from wliich the surface is nearly all exfoliated. 3 b. The posterior side, showing the form of the aperture. Fig. 4 & 7. Platyceras agreste. 338 7. The lower side of the specimen, showing the aperture. 4. A specimen having a similar form of the body-volution, but with tlie apex more acute. The shell on the upper part of the volution is marked by abruptly undulating longitudinal striae, and, near the base, the surface becomes roughly cancellated by the two sets of striae. Fig. 5. Platyceras elongatum? var. 335 6 a. A fragment of a specimen, natural size. 5 b. An enlargement of the surface strise. Fig. 6. Platyceras arcuatum. 336 6. Lateral view of the specimen, natural size. Fig. 8. EUOMPHALUS DISJUNCTUS. 340 8. The lower side of a weathered specimen of this species. I'.ileuoiil.N.Y Vol 3 (SHALY AND UPPtR PENTAM LIMESTONES.) c;,\.s'ri':ii()it»i).\.) I'lav ^ FE.Meek del Xith.of RicMH Pease, Albrtiiy. nn Tl' oatirul I.Si-il PLATE 66. Fig. 1-5. Pleurotomaeia labrosa. 339 1 a. An imperfect specimen from the Shaly limestone. 1 b. An enlargement of the surface of the same. 2 a. A cast of the same species : view of the aperture, which is filled with stone. 2 b. View of the exterior of the specimen. 3 o. The exterior of a specimen where the shell is mostly removed, showing the spiral band and the sinuosity in the peristome. 3 b. View of tlie aperture of the same, showing the thickened columellar lip. 3 c. An enlargement of the surface markings. i a, b. Two views of another individual, showing in one of the figures tlie thickened lip, which, on the upper side, extends as far as the marginal sinus. 5 a, b. Two views of a crushed specimen, showing in one of the figures the externally thick- ened columellar lip. Pi.l-.runt\T.Voi;j. Upper Pentomerus Limestone. 1 GASTEROPODA.) lM.fl« l- \ / IitkofRiili'ir.Peasi' Allans On Stone "by. :^wul1oTl-. ro 3TAJqi>W0T9 9«f ) ; 'J - ki'\' t ul k .£ .giH ' .T) ',' lli V) iM9 Mil s .'7od« ooitsoasli* Mq PLATE 69. Page Fig. 1. EUOMPHALUS SINUATUS. 340 1 a. Tlie lower side of an imperfect specimen, wliere the umbilicus is filled with stony matter. 1 b. The upper side of a larger specimen, the apex of which is imperfect. Fig. 2. Oncoceras ovoides. 342 2 o. A longitudinal section of the specimen, showing the crowded septa near the outer chamber. 2 b. The exterior of the cast of the same specimen. Fig. Z a- d. Cyrtoceras subrectum. 342 3 o. A cast preserving a pait of the outer chamber and about twenty septa. The back is somewhat worn, so that the form of the siphuncle is seen. 3 6. Lateral view of a fragment of a larger individual, showing the cast of the interior of the siphuncle. 3 c. A smaller individual, lateral view. The apparent rapid attenuation above is due to com- pression of the lower part of the specimen. 3 d. A portion of the cast of the siphuncle, with the filling between the a^acent septa. I'akeoiu X.Y Vol 3 ICi(IDWIgI£Iir]g3L.I]DIimiBIi?ffi(S- ©mcBTirip (lexLtaculite Xiuie stone.) (cjlPfllAXOPODA, etc . \ PI.«». 3 a T.B.Msek.dol Xadl.ofHot£m*j\.KitickarbookerJ:Co ALbMy.NX v^ hO aO PLATE 70. PHge Fig. 1. Orthoceras lonoicameratum. 343 1. The siphuncle has been filled with crystalline matter, and the swollen portions are concave above and beneath, indicating a thickening of the septum at its junction with tlie nar- rower parts of the siplumcle. Some remains of the septa are still perceptible. Fig. 2. Orthoceras (sp. undetermined ). Fig. 3 a - d. Orthoceras kioidum. 344 3 a. A fragment of this species, having the shell almost entirely removed. 3 6. A continuation of the same specimen. 3 e. Transverse section, as shown in the line of fracture of fig. 3 6. 3 d. Enlargement of the stria;. The position of the figure represents tlie striae in the reverse of their natural relation, which is horizontal. Pal«ont5YVol3 ( PeJitamc" nis l.iiiirstoni; etc.) PI. 70. Ji, ci TB.Meek.tiel Xzth.«£Uo££m«rL4&ueh»rbooicerLCo Alhuy-.NX I JI^HW 9ds :m v-'-^^^^^^a^ fWHTaO jiO U9« «Jiia» J i; 8(iiYi980 4 PLATE 71. Pis* Fig. 1 & 5. Orthoceras lonqicameratum. 34S 1. A fragment of a large specimen preserving a part of the outer chamber, with about four- teen of the first chambers. 5. A longitudinal section of a specimen, apparently of the same species, the septa being pro- portionally a little more distant. Fig. 2. Orthoceras subtextilb. 344 2. The specimenj natural size. Fig. 3. Orthoceras ? Undetermined. 345 Fig. 4. Orthoceras clavatum. 345 i. A fragment, preserving a part of the outer chamber and several of the septa above. Palaeonl. NTTol i. ( 0B.TBOCERATA .) P171 ./•'-... ~-..J lifh, of "R H Peaso, Al'bany Un Slorir by V. J SwriUcr JSff^ mi :30OHTa( I ,»votf« •(•tffaad..) ■>'! It lo iTiq s 3; ) ';9 '(lUihsq ci ;t}{: 'j l*l)093dlT8 9il ' PLATE 72. Fig. 1. Orthoceras tenuiannulatum. 845 1. A fragment, natural size. Fig. 2. Orthoceras helderbergi^. 345 2. A specimen of this species, showing some remains of septa. Fig. 3. Orthoceras perstriatum. 346 3. A fragment preserving a part of the outer cliamber and several of the chambers above, from which the shell is partially exfoliated. Fig. 4. Orthoceras rudis. 846 4 a. The fragment, somewhat flattened from pressure. 4 6. A section showing the subcentral position of the siphunclc. Fig. 5. Orthoceras pauciseptum. 346 5 o. A fragment of this species. The lower chamber is cut longitudinally,, to show the place of the siphuncle. 5 6. Transverse section, showing the excentric position of the siphuncle. PalBfoatNT.Vol 8. (OUTKOCBRATA.) -PI 7:2 On Stone by F, J Swin.ton.. l,itT\.0-f R HFedse, A.lbaE ^ i s>J«iq aiill ,10119 iO ^*^ .n r ■ li •nd A .« I lir.jjintfia .1 1 ". Si^ A > PLATE 72 A. ^*^ By error, this plate is referred to in the text as Plat uujj*iiiisni>jai> ('iul;j«UiMij lu) »i^ial«iu lOJJwj ^ A :6i ■^^i Ml PLATE 73. Piige Fig. 1-4. Bronteus barrandi. 350 1 . The pygUlium of the natural size. ( The specimen is impi'rfect. and the figure is completed from a cast of the impression in stone.) 2. Tlie impression of the same. 3. Profile of the same. 4. Jlnlargemcnt of the surface, showing the undulating stria^ and minute granulations. Fig. 5-7. Proetus protcberans. 351 5. The head of this species. fi. A fragment preserving the head and part of the thora.x. f) a. Lateral view of the same. 7. The pygidium of another individual. 7 a. Profile of the same. Fig. 9 - 13. Homalonotus vanuxemi. 852 9. A fragment of the thorax of a specimen of medium size. 10. The pygidium of a small sjjecimcn. 11. Profile view of the same. 12. The pygidium of a large individual. I'i. An enlargement of the surface. Note. The differences in the two specimens of the pygidium here figured induce a doubt of their specific identity -. the distinctly trilobate character of the smaller specimen contrasts strongly with tlie larger one, in which the lobes and annulations are less distinctly marked, while the extremity has been much more ex- tended. The smaller form may be regarded as the typical form of H. vanvxemi ; while the larger one may perhaps prove a distinct species, or at least a strongly marked variety. The fragment of the thorax figured is very much flattened upon the back; and though its relations are not determinable, it appears more nearly related to the smaller than to the larger pygidium. It will require better materials for the satisfactory determination of these species. Fig. 15 - 25. Phacops looani. 863 15. An entire specimen which has the head compressed from above, and the eyes a little distorted. 16. View of a specimen which is enrolled. 17. The head of a larger individual which shows the transverse furrows, and preserves the eyes in their proper form. 18. A larger head, which has few pustules in the space between the eye and the dorsal furrow. 19. Front view of fig. 17. 21. View of the lower side of the head of another specimen, showing some crenulations along the marginal furrow. 22. The lower side of a specimen in which the granulation is worn from the surface of the glabella, and showing the line of the hypostomal suture. 23. The eye enlarged. 24. A portion of the eye, from which the lenses have been removed by weathering. 24 a. An enlargement of a portion of the eye. 25. The hypostoma. Fig. 26, 27, 28. Phacops hudsonicds. 365 20. The head of this species. 27. Profile of the same. 28. The eye enlarged. Correction for description on page 3.55. IIcad semielliptieal : length greater than half the width; posterior angles extended and abruptly rounded. Cheeks broad triangular, produced behind. Paisont.N.Y.Voi.z. MWIEIE mumJDIEIMBllIE© ®IE(IIi!UIPo PI. 73 CRUSTACEA ^^^ a i^ id « Eivgr»v«d- by .'oiii. t Gi-ri't lb !>ii> uioi)«l(i PLATE 74. Fig. 1 - 12. Dalmania pleuroptyx. 356 1. A young specimen whicli is extremely flattened. 2. The same enlarged, showing more distinctly the characteristic features of the species. 3 & 4. The head of a young and of a half-grown individual, which are prohahly of this species. 5. The original preserves the central portion of the head, witli one eye nearly entire. The posterior angles are completed from another sitccimen. 0. The pygidium of a young specimen. 7. The pygidium of a larger individual. 8. A larger individual in which seventeen annulations are distinctly visible in the axis (and an eighteenth is very faintly indicated ), and thirteen ribs in each lateral lobe. 9. Profile of the head, showing the form and elevation of the eye. 10. The eye enlarged. 11. A portion of the surface still farther enlarged. V2. Amigiiified portion of the eye, where the loiisjs have been removed by weathering. Fig. 13 - 20. Dalmania micrurus. 359 13. The pygidium of a young specimen, contrasting with fig. 6 in the number of annulations of the axis and ribs in the lateral lobes. 14. A small pygidium having fifteen ribs on each lateral lobe, and twenty annulations of the axis. 15. A fragment of a similar pygidium, on which the test is very perfectly preserved. 16. A larger pygidium from which the test has been removed, leaving the cast punctate. 17. Profile view of the same. 18. An enlargement to show the surface markings, from fig. 15. 19. The pygidium of a medium-sized specimen, showing some variation in form. 20. The hypostom« probably of this species. The crust has been removed from the central portion. I Palaeour.N.r. Voi.:';. ( CRirsTACEA 1 PI. 74. Engraved tiyJoJiD E.Gav -^ - r. .si9 1 ■iU'iri'yl PLATE 75. P»ge Fig. 1. Dalmania pleuroptyx. 356 1. The specimen is a cast preserving a part of the head, the axis and one lateral lobe of the thorax, and a part of the pygidium. From the condition of the specimen, it cannot be positively referred to this species, though there can be little doubt of its identity. Fig. 2. Dalmania nastjtus. 362 2. The inner side of the crust of a pygidium, showing the thickened border and a part of the posterior spine. Fig. 3-6. Dalmania tkidens. 861 3. The underside of a portion of the head, showing the cavity of one eye and the extension of the frontal process. 4. A fragment of the lower surface, showing the marginal limb on one side and the frontal process. The abruptness of the junction of the process with the marginal limb, as re- presented in the figure, is due to an imperfection in the specimen at that point. 6 & 6. Fragments of the marginal limb and the frontal process fri^m the lower side, with portions of the surface enlarged. faisontN.y.Vol. 'j.(mmm mmjLW)mmBmm(s, ®iE®iinR PI 7i :rustacea ) Engraved by Jolm £ .Ga.nt . I ■ OV i«7J| bsfaiti i PLATE 76. Pag» Fig. 1-8. Dalmania nasutus. 362 1. The head of a specimen, natural size. The frontal process is broken off; and the continua- tion, as represented, is drawn from fig. 2. 2. An imperfect head preserving the glabella (which is distorted by pressure), the bases of the eyes, and the frontal process. The extremities of the bifurcation are broken off, and their true extent is not known. 3 . The underside of the test of the head, preserving the anterior border and the frontal process. 4. The eye and part of the cheek, from another specimen. 5. Profile view of the same, with the posterior portion extended. 6. A portion of the eye-surface enlarged, showing the lenses and the rounded grains between. 7. The pygidium, showing the elongate caudal spine. 8. Profile view of the same. Palaeont.NY Vol 3, IL(EiWIEm IEIEILin)IEMB]Em(& (BIE^TUIR Pl,75 CRUSTACEA r B,U««1i. D«l. En^yav^ ty Jcim E ,TT 3T/uH f .. r , :•>> .'Isrffclg fMl In e»ni oiIT rmi fTR V ▼^"■v .»:9f»9q« sij- :([ »>ri4 lo tiaq A .8 eiJii ■jiU hut sl.fi sJJ 'Ju : .oftma t>rtl lo wmt I PLATE 77. p*g« Fig. 1-8. LiCHAs BiGSBri. 364 1. Profile view of an imperfect liead. Tlie median lobe of the glabella is not represented as sufficiently prominent. 2. View of the upper side. 3. Anterior view, showing the elevation of the median lobe and the frontal limb. The surface is represented as too coarsely pustulose. 4. View of the upper side of the head of another individual. The median lobe of the glabella is not sufficiently narrowed in its posterior part. The surface markings in this figure present the prevailing feature. 5. The median and anterior lateral lobes of the glabella of a larger specimen, which is some- what depressed. 6. Profile view of the same. 7. The hypostoma. 8. A part of the pygidium of this species. Pig. 9 - 11. LiCHAS PUSTULOSES. 366 9. A portion of the head, showing the median and anterior lateral lobes of the glabella. 10. Lateral view of the same. 11. A fragment of the pygidium, showing a part of the axis and the ribs on one side. Palffiom.N.Y.Voi 3 MDWIEIBi miErLIDIEIEIBIEIE© ©MCDHJIR PL 77, I CRUSTACEA I IingTa.v«d ))y John E.Ga'vit . ¥ ^^w^ «38 111 fU: ■ .8T aiAJ i 'JT8n«i f ^il PLATE 78. Fif* Fig. 1-7. LicHAs ptJSTTTLOsrs. 868 1. A part of the head, showing the median lobe and anterior lateral lobes of the glabella, the occipital furrow and annulation. The specimen has been crushed, and some parts of it are incorrectly represented. 2 8t 3. Fragments showing the lower side of what appear to have been the movable cheeks. 4. The pj-gidium, which is nearly entire in all its parts, except the protuberance and the spines .it the extremity of the axis, which are broken off. The short spines towards the jwsterior extremity are, in this specimen, a little on one side of the centre. 6. A fragment of the pygidium, where the posterior part of the axis is extremely prominent, and the bases of the principal and smaller lateral spines arc preserved. The continuation of the ribs is preserved only in outline. 6. The underside of a part of the pygidium, showing the thickened border, the sharp eleva- tions separating the ribs, and those marking the furrow upon them. The round pits indicate the bases of the large tubular spines, which ornament the surface with some regularity. 7. The lower side of a pygidium, showing the broad thickened border and the deep cavity made by the protuberance at the extremity of the axis. The bifurcations of the central lobe are more diverging than usual, but this feature is accidental in tlie specimen. PaiaeontNYvoi 3 E>(0)WIEIE III]1ILID)IEMBIE1E(& (&IE(©nJF, PI .78, , CRUSTACEA £ugraved by J&Lu EjGayit . Ms .1 mo'l . 1 <■ \f.; it gjgj^r' PLATE 79. Page Fig. 1 - 14. ACIDASPIS TUBERCOLATUS. 368 1. View of a specimen preserving the members in connexion; but the fossil being imbedded in a hard stone, the condition does not admit of the parts being sliown in detail. 1 o. The counterpart of fig. 1, showing the extensions of the lateral spines and the form of the pygidium. 2. The central portion of the head, showing the lobes of the glabella, the frontal border, the occipital annulation, and the central posterior spine. 3. The central part of the head of another specimen. 6. A portion of the surface enlarged. 6 & 7 . The right cheeks of two different individuals, preserving the eye tubercle, and showing differences in the exterior and inner spines. 8. The left cheek, which shows very distinctly, as do the others, the gradation of the border ornaments, from small nodes at the anterior extremity, to distinct spines. 8 ff. A cheek, with the eye tubercle, enlarged. 9 ft 10. The underside of two cheeks, one of which shows a single spine on the inside, and the other a single spine with the rudiments of two others above it. 11. An aiticulation of the thorax. 12. The underside of a part of the thorax, showing the extensioB of the lateral gpines of the articulations. 13. The pygidium, in which the upper lateral spine is not fully developed. 14. The pygidium of another individual, showing the parts described. Fig. 15 - 19. ACIDASPIS HAMATA. 371 15. A small individual preserving the central portion of the head and the occipital spine. 16. A larger individual. 17. Profile view, showing the recurved spines. 18. The bifurcating occipital spine of a larger individual. 19. A fragment of the thorax, and the pygidium, probably of this species. 19 o. A fragment of the thorax of a large individual, showing the prolongation of the lateral lobes into spines. ( CRUSTACEA] H.79. t 9 •J 9 11 RPWlm&sU Del Jl 2S n 14 13 m 17 Engraved lyjolm E Gant I I PLATE 80. Page Fig. 1 - 13. EURYPTERUS REMIPES. 404* 1. A young individual, dorsal side. 2. A young individual, ventral side; showing the anterior feet, the postoral plate, with the artieulations of all the parts nearly entire. 3. A young speeiraen, showing the upper side of tlie body , which is entire, except the poste- rior spine and a part of the anterior feet. 4. A large individual of nearly the full size to which this species attains, lying upon its back, and having the lower or ventral side of the articulation removed; showing therefore the inner side of the carapace, and the articulations of the thorax and the abdomen. The anterior feet are partially jiresorved, and the swimming feet are entire, the lower side being shown. At s, « is the line of the suture by wliich a triangular piece is attached to the sixth joint, forming tlie fixed ramus of the chela, and over the upper surface of which the free extreme Joint moves. The articulation of these parts with the body is not clearly shown, from the incompleteness of the specimen, the parts to which they were attached having been removed. 5. An individual preserving more than usual convexity of body. The head and eyes are very perfect : the anterior feet are lost, but the swimming feet are well preserved in all their parts, and the indented extremit ies are strongly marked. In the contraction of the extreme joint, the fixed branch of the chela below is nearly covered. In comparing the swimming feet in figures 4 and 5, it will be observed that in the former the lower side, and in the latter the upper or dorsal side, is seen. 6. A small carapace preserving the eyes. 7. The abdominal articulations and the posterior spine, separated from the thoracic rings. 8. An imperfect caudal spine, with the last two artieulations of the abdomen. 9. Tlie caudal spine : a lateral view of a specimen not quite entire. The lefthand is the dorsal side, and the general form is triangular, becoming more convex on each side of the dorsal edge towards the base. 10. The ventral side of a fragment, showing, on the lefthand side of the figure at a, the ar- ticulations of one of the swimming feet, with the large maxillary joint, which is nearly in its natural position, while the opposite one is displaced. The basal articulations of the anterior feet are likewise seen more distinctly than in any other specimen : the first and second are broken ofl', while the third is nearly entire, and preserves the minute spines on the lower side of each joint. 11. A fragment showing the inner side of several of the thoracic articulations, and preserving the anterior feet nearly entire, with the articulations of one of the swimming feet : the place of attachment of these is obscured by some of the plates of the body below. 12. The post-oral plate of this .species. 13. An enlargement of the centre of the head of fig. 5, showing the small oeuliform spots. B&LE0NT.N,:f.V0U3 (cRDS'aCEAj FL30 RP Whitfield Del Xngraved byJdbnU.Oayit •.•:rr- .ii'-' ITTTl ' WPBTlSIWoi 9(1T !T'I .»H aO .01 si'i 'noq 9dT .01 PLATE 80 A. Fig. 1 - 6, & 11 - 17. EuRYPTEEtrs uemipes. 404* 1 . The ventral side of an imperfect specimen preserving the tlioracic segments and four of the abdominal joints, with the impression of one of the swimming feet entire, and the other with the penultimate joint separated. Impressions of the maxillai-y plates remain, show- ing their original form, as also the form of the post-oral plate. The bases of the four anterior paii-s of feet still remain, showing the place of their origin. The last joint of the foot appears in this individual to slide over the triangular piece of the preceding joint upon the lower side, which is not true : this appearance arises from the fact that it is a mould of the upper or dorsal surface of this organ. 2. A part of the head of this species, showing part of the three first feet, while the fourth is entire. 3. A dissected swimming foot, showing its attachment to the maxillary plate, the form and proportions of the joints, and mode of articulation. 4. The broad terminal joint of the swimming foot, showing the notch at the extremity and the small terminal palette. These separated joints are of not unfrequent occurrence in strata where the Eurypterus is found. 5. A transverse section of the abdominal portionof one of these fossils : the section is oblique to the body, and the appearance indicates that it has suffered little from compression. 6. A fragment of a crustacean associated with the E. remipes at Waterville, the relations of which have not been determined. 11. A small carapace of E. remipes, with the first thoracic segment. 12. The lower surface of one side of the cephalic shield. 13. The post-oral plate of E. remipes. 14. The same organ of E . robustus. 15. The anterior portion of the same organ (a fragment) of Dolichopterus macrocheirus . 17. The same organ, copied from the specimen figured on Plate lxxxiii a. 16. The same organ of Pterygotus osborni. Fig. 7. Eurypterus MicEorHxnALMUs. 407* 7. The carapace, natural size, preserving a part of the first joint of the thorax. Fig. 8. Pterygotus macropqthalmus. 418* 8. The carapace, natural size. 8 a. A small portion enlarged, to show more distinctly the obloug tubercle, and the small eye-like spots which are faintly visible to the naked eye. Fig. 9. Pterygotus osborni. 419* 9. A figure of the specimen, natural size. A reference to the parts of EuaYPTKnus will explain the relations of the parts of this figure. Fig. 10. Ceratiocaris aculeatus. 422* 10. The posterior joint of the body and tail-spines. ralii-oiil NY. Vol.;!. (CRPSXACEA.) H l^XX A 13 f ^>^n& ^ rL.P.Whirfreli.ael Ss^fiTiXou. iicK. • ■•'•^trt' I ; I ! I : >/ i* I -I Kiil no.' I Mi '{« l«ijii£:' in.- ■ T - A 8 liOiiii siU to BOttioq PLATE 81. P»ge Fig. 1 - 11. EURYPTERUS LACUSTRIS. 407* 1. A young individual, preserving but one of the larger appendages on one side : the poste- rior spine is broken off near the distal extremity. 2. An individnal of medium size, preserving all the articulations of the body, the fourth foot, and one of the swimming feet imperfect. The specimen lies upon the stone with the back downward, and the crust from the lower side is almost wholly removed, so that the inner sides of all the parts are seen, and the cavities of the eyes. The last joint of the swimming foot is separated at the articula- tion r ; and the suture at the base of the fixed ramus of the chela, which is naturally solid, is slightly separated s. The other joints are somewhat distorted by pressure, which has been directed from below upwards. On the right side of the figure, and on the last articulation, there are small portions of the ventral crust remaining. In this specimen, the interior of the crust being seen, the imbrication of the rings of the body is reversed. 3. The exterior of a head or carapace of a larger individual, which preserves the eyes. 4. The two posterior annulations of the body, with the caudal spine attached. The specimen lies with the dorsal side downwards; the ventral crust being removed from the annula- tions, and the lower concave side of the spine is shown. 5. A separated caudal spine, showing the lateral and lower sides. The specimen is much compressed. 6. The ventral side of the body, preserving nine of the segments : the two upper are joined by a close suture, and sustain a locomotive [? ] appendage. 7. The upper thoracic segment separated from the body, and scarcely showing the suture line : the articulated appendage is imperfect. 8. A very large thoracic segment, showing the suture line and the appendage before men- tioned, from which the lower articulations are separated. The continuation is drawn from the one shown in fig. 6. 9. A single articulation of the thorax. The line near the upper margin, including a portion which is broken off, indicates the extent of the imbrication of the next superior segment. 10. A part of a segment which is longitudinally divided ; a feature shown along the dorsal line in several articulations in another nearly entire individual. It is probable that this de- hiscence of the rings along the back is connected with the process of casting the crust. 11 . A portion of the surface of fig. 8 enlarged. PAIjEONT NY VOL 3 ■wmHEni"]inifflE (Bm(S)Ww, ■I, «i CRDSTACKAl nj vtbitfi«idjD«2 Xi>cr«w*A ty Jtini £ .Oa«lt .1 .Jig A I PLATE 81 A. P»ge Fig. 1. EURTPTERUS LACUSTRIS. 407* 1. A large individual which is deprived of the appendages, excejjt one dismembered swim- ming foot. The specimen is compressed, and the little pustule-lilce scales have the ap- pearance of pores in the crust. [ These have been very incoriectly represented in the drawing; there being but two rows, and these not parallel, on the si.x posterior joints, while the six rows are but indistinctly visible on a few of the thoracic segments.] Individuals of this species frequently attain a larger sine than this, as seen in other figures. PalaecoitN.T.YolS. ^^s^anHmnmiiE ©iE(®^j]nE pi.bi//. Jbim E Gant Sc I '^^jl Wl PLATE 81 B. P«ge Pig. 1-4. EURYPTERUS LACTTSTRIS. 407* 1. A specimen of medium size, lying with the dorsal side exposed. The carapace has been broken off, showing the inner side of the maxillary plates, the post-oral plate, and the four anterior pairs of feet, which are obscured at their bases. The body is curved, and the tail-spine directed forwards. The pnstuliform scales upon the back are in four rows on the thoracic joints, and two slightly diverging rows on the abdominal joints. 2. The last joint of the swimming foot, with the minute palette at the extremity. 3. The seventh joint of the swimming foot, having the triangular chelate extension separated at the suture. 4. The first articulation of the ventral side, with the organs attached. Pala-out X.Y.Vol.li. ( CHtrSTAjCEA.) n lAXNI li B..P.WHtfieli,ael. Svrinixm.. litii. . PLATE 81 C. Page Fig. 1. EURTPTERUS ROBUSTCS*. 410* 1. View of the specimen from the lower side. 2. The ventral side of another specimen of this species, from the collection of Prof. J. S. Gardnkr of Whitesboro" (N.York), showing more distinctly the fracture or dehiscence across the segments, indicating the specimen to have been a cast crustf. • A farther examination, with other specimens, has shown that the form referred to E. locust ris, \-&t.robustus, has the characters of a distinct species, f Some copies are without this figure. TaUvoiil N Y Anl..! w^'smmsim&m m-m.^swis'. PI. I.XXAl {■ { CIU'STAC-KA.) . P.VV'hitiieli.ael Swiri-toXL, litju* :lH PLATE 82. Page Fig. 1. EURYPTERUS DEKAYI. 411* 1. An individual, natural size, with the dorsal side upwards. One side has boon broken off; and this portion, with the swimming foot, is restored in outline, the same organ on the left side being essentially entire. The upper part of the carapace and the first joints are removed, so as to show the ma.xillary plates, the postoral plate and the bases of the an- terior feet, which are broken off so as not to extend beyond the margin of the carapace. The thoracic appendage is shown in its junction with the first ventral joint, and extending to the base of the fourth joint. Pala-oiil X.Y.Vol.3. 'wm.TmimMMLm m'm.mmw. I'l I.XXXII ( CHITSTAC^EA.) dK.P.WHaieli.aei, awir-toxi. litt- » M dihAi ^ IHl.H ^rt1M'^S^ 9rf» bnjl ,«tsaa) !.Jil--)l»!-.^ txi" "vft'^iMr MiO ■ tMtniMi . •Jimill I HH*Jn»bi!)»« fi'«d ( PLATE 82* Page Fig. 1-3. EURYPTERUS PACHYCHEIRUS. 412* 1 . The body of an individual of this sp«cies, preserving ciglit or nine articulations of the thorax and abdomen. The surface is strongly marked by the scale-like ftieets, and the ~ articulations are coarse and strong. 1 a. A portion of the crust enlarged, showing the surface markings. 2. A fragment of stone upon which are preserved two swimming feet, the anchylosed ventral thoracic segment, and some portions of the anterior feet. These appear to be the remains of a large individual, which has been broken up, and the parts separated. The swimming foot 2 a shows the lower side, and the joints are partially separated; and lig. 2 b shows the lower side of the other foot, also in a reversed position. 2 c is the fragment of one of the anterior feet, and fig. 2 rf is the same placed in a natural position : the length of the .«pines is a very characteristic feature. 2 e is the anchylosed first and second segments on the ventral side, preserving the tlioracic appendage. The specimen is worn, and the line of suture is scarcely perceptil)le. 3. A Feparate swimming foot, preserving the five outer joints. •Plate lxxxii. This plato should properly have been Plate i.xxxii A; but the letter A bus been accidentally omitted both io the text and on the plate. Palivoiil N.Y.Vi.1.3. (CRUSTACEA.) PX.82. RP Whitfield .del iivriiLton. iith- . PLATE 83. PajB Pig. 1. DOLICHOPTERUS MACROCHEIRUS. 414* 1. The dorsal side of the specimen, preserving ten joints and a part of the eleventh joint of the body. I'aliivoiil \ VAoJ..!. ( CllUSTACKA.) lM.8:i 4- ■R.p.whifiiai.aei. ^vniLton, lifl- .*£»'■:■ PLATE 83 A. Fig. 1. DOLTCHOPTERUS M4CR0CHEIRU8. 414* 1. The voi\ti-al side of the specimen as it lies on the surface of the stone. Palifolit \ V A'ol .3. ( CaUSTATEA.) I'J.S.IA. R-P.TVhitfieli.ael. SvriTLton. lith. . i jm f^ PLATE 83 B. P.ge Fig. 1. EURYPTERUS PU8TUL08U8. 413* 1. The R|»cci)nen, natural size. Fig. 2. EuRVPTERUS REM1PE8. 404* 2. The carapace and three articulations of the body of K. remijies, for comparison with the form of carapace of E. lacustris on same plate. Fig. 3. EURYPTERUS LACUSTRIS. 407* 3. The carapace of a large individual, showing the form to he distinct from flg. 2, which is the carapace of E. remipes. Fig. 4. Pterygotus cobbi. 417* 4. The free ramus of the chelate appendage of this species. ^^^mariEi&iLUjiiiBs a^^iE'^^irnp. PI. 83/ CRt;STACEA 1 11 > ,», 'j 14 c) .^m ■It rt>f „iT PLATE 84. p«g« Fig. 1-5. Oeratiocaris maccoyanus. 421* 1. A specimen preserving the tail-spines, several articulations of the body, and a part of the carapace, the body having been folded between the valves of the latter. 2. A specimen in similar condition preserving one side of the carapace more nearly entire. 3. A fragment preserving the tail-spines, with two or three of the articulations. 4. A similar fragment. 5. A similar but larger fragment. Pig. 6. Oeratiocaris acuminatus. 422* 6. The left valve of the carapace of this species. Fig. 7. Oeratiocaris : sp.1 422* 7. A crushed specimen preserving the mutilated carapace and several of the artieiilations, but too indistinct for determination : it may be identical with the preceding. Fig. 8. Pterygotus coBBi? 417* 8. An articulation of the abdomen, which probably belongs to this or to some other species of the genus. J\ila-OMl X v.Voi.;^. (CRtrSTACEA.) r'1.84. <^ <\ _l<..P.WhitJiald.,ael flwxaton, lith. t^ "W*^ :i''i PLATE 84 A. Fig. 1 & 2. Eestoration of the form and appendages of Eurypterus remipes. The parts represented are not in any respect imaginary, but have all been seen in different individuals or parts of individuals, and are known to have the relations here expressed. Fig. 1. A dorsal view. The parts and surface-markings have been described in reference to figures of preceding plates. Fig. 2. The ventral side, showing the position of the mouth and oral appendages, the two swim- ming feet, the postoral plate, and the organ before referred to as a locomotive appen- dage, but which I suppose may have borne the generative organs, as in the similar appendage of Limui.us, and of other crustaceans, upon the corresponding segment of the body. Fig. 3. Sapphirina gemma, after Dana. Fig. 4. A figure showing the mouth and bases of the feet of a female LiMULUS, the two anterior tentacles, etc. Fig. 5. The membranous leaflet placed posteriorly to the mouth in Limulus, and regarded as the anchylosed sixth pair of feet. The posterior extremities probably perform the same functions as the extremities of the appendage behind the postoral plate in Eurypterus. See Note, page 399. Fig. C> & 7. Plattonichtjs ocellatus. A representation of the upper and lower sides of one of the hinder or swimming feet (the fifth pair) of this crustacean, which is a common species upon our coast, for comparison with the corresponding pair in Eurypterus. Pal;i-oi.l X Y.Vol .3. •W^^TmiSmSMLlE ©IE(B)TO"IP. I'l I.X.XMV A JU'I.STOHATIUXS or KlHVPTfJil'S, AN1> OtiAII'JIIATIVE I LL!'J*THATIUKS OK IlKCENT CRL'KTAtEA , K-P.WHtiiidd.dol. SwiiLton, iith- . .(> aTKH PLATE 85. P»ge Fig. 1 - 18. Teohnoceinus spinulosus. 140 1. The body and bases of the arms, with a portion of the column attached. 2. Diajjram of tlie structure of the body to the base of the arras, as far as determined. 3-14. Figures of separated plates from different parts of the body, showing the form, ridges. spines, etc. 13. ( The lower fig. 12 on plate should be 13.) 15 - 18. Joints of the column, showing absence of nodes in some, and varying degrees of development in others. Fig. 19 - 23. Columns and plates of undetermined Crinoidkjb. 145 Fig. 24 & 2.5. HoMOCRiNus peoboscidai.is. 138 24. The si)ccinien. natural size. 25. Enlargement of the body and bases of the arms. -pATy.mm-'-rvnr. % L'1,..S.-. o i. 0 /r JE jGavit , PLATE 86. Page Fig. 1-4. Technocrinus andrewsi. 141 1. The specimen, natiual size, preserving the body, and on one side a part of the arms and a portion of the column. 1 a. Diagram illustrating the structure from the base to the lower part of the arms (for com- parison with structure of Mariacrinus pachydaclylvs and M. pluinosvn, Plate iii). 2 & 3. Fragments of columns apparently of this species. 4. Section of column fig. 3. Fig. 12 & 5 - 11. Technocrinus striatus. 142 12. The basal plates anchylosed together with a small portion of the column attached, and also one first radial plate. 5, 6, 7, 9, 10 & 11. Several plates of different series belonging to this species. Fig. 1-3 & 14. Technocrinus sculptus. 143 13 & 14. Basal and lateral view of the lower part of the body. I PalapoTir,NTV(.13 (©nijisiEi^snr sixsjniJSiixDKnE » PI 80 CKlN-liI DK£ , F B.Mtc-k.Del. Engraved S^ Printed toy J. E.Gavit.Arbauy.N ^ I i.taMHi » W^'"'- PLATE 87. Fig. 1 - 22. Edriol'rinus sacculus. 143 1, 2, 3. The young growing singly and in groups of two and tlirec, preserving tlie radial plates above the base, which is still expanded below at its point of adhesion. 4, 6, 6 & 7. The bases of several individuals, showing the marks of adhesion below, and having forms more or less elongated and slightly distorted. 8. The base of a specimen, still showing the mark of adhesion. 9. The base entirely rounded, and with the radiats and first arm-plates attached. 10. An individual nearly entire, having a part of the base broken off, but preserving the radial plates with the arms more or less entire. 11. Diagram of the structure, showing the base, radial and anal plates, and first plates of the arms 12. 13, 14 & 16. Latei-al and interior views of two very symmetrical bases of this species. 16, 17 & 18. A specimen much elongated be'.ow, and one of nearly hemispheric form. 19 & 20. Lateral and interior views of a remarkably elongated specimen, which may perhaps prove a distinct species. 21 & 22. Lateral and basal view of a specimen presenting an appearance as if the upper one had grown from the interior of the base of a preceding individual. Palff-oTir.NyVbl.'i. ®iEir^iEiW3'-s£iSm)SW®Bjig o PL iM 1 CBINOIDILj; 3 m \ p. B.M*ak De-l. JoJxa E -GiTit.Sa AltaayUT. PLATE 88. Piiite Fig. 1-4. AiNOMALOCrSTITES DISPARIMS. 145 1 . Antoal or concave side, showing tlie deeply arched or cresceiitforni base with tlie succeed- ing plates. 2. Posteal or convex side, showing the form and arrangement of plates. 3. Lateral view of the same specimen. 4. Diagram illustrating the structure of the body, showing the deep indentation fur the in.ser- tion of the colunm : a, plates of the anteal or concave side; p, plates of the po.stcal or conve.x side; r, r, the lateral or radial plates, which are shaded to indicate the abrupt angles, JL.\ PI .90. On Stone Try. S-winlon InJi.otHicli?H. Pease .Aliair riU*f '1 D r A .« R .. r^XX/ !flAl9IH BIHTHO '• ^J^'^'i PLATE 91. Page Fig. 1, 2, 3. Oethis musculosa. 409 1 a, b. Dorsal and ventral views of a cast of a small individual. 2 a. Ventral view of a larger individual, with a small muscular impression. 2 ft, c. Cardinal and dorsal views of the preceding, showing the cavities made by the brachial lamellae and cardinal process, and the impression of the longitudinal crest. 3. The ventral side of a cast with narrow and small muscular impressions (perhaps a distinct species) . 8 a. The cast of a specimen preserving a large and strongly marked muscular impression. 3 6. A mould from the cast shown in the preceding figure. ( The imprints of the adductor muscles are omitted in the drawing.) 3 e, d, e. Dorsal, profile and cardinal views of the same specimen. Fig. 4 & 5. Orthis hipparionyx. 407 4. The cardinal area, showing the closed foramen. 5. A portion of the surface of a young shell enlarged, showing the character and direction of the strife. Pal»ont N.Y. Vol. 3 . (hrackiopoda) PI. 91 3g. 2 t 2e ^•oimsMi^M Si 3d Se FBMeak.del. R.H,Peiseljth.AlbaT«r .V; AK10«It^ ttdi Id trt': I4 yn Jn»m"n! \< f t""! i" I .-ui'l sail «« r.i ' qini iciu? Al'.gi'l r.ffl' PLATE 9:3. Fig. \ a- d. Chonetes complanata. 418 1 a. An impression of the outside of the ventral valve of this species. 1 6. A similar impression in sandstone, showing the concentric lines of growth. 1 c. A cast of the interior of a ventral valve, showing the muscular impression and cavities of the dental lamellae. 2 c ( in centre of plate, by error for Id). An enlargement of the imprint of the surface, as sometimes seen in sandstone. Fig. 2 a, & 3 a, i. Stropiiodonta linckl^ni. 415 2 a (the specimen referred with doubt to this species). Tlic exterior of a ventral valve, in wliich the shell is partially exfoliated. 3 o. The imprint made by the interior of the dorsal valve of a small individual, showing the cavities made by tlie bifurcating cardinal process, the impressions of the median crest, and the low ridges towards the centre of the shell. 3 b. The impression of a larger ventral valve of this species, showing the same features as the preceding, the crenulated hinge-line, and the abruptly recurved outer margin. F\g.2h,c? Strophodonta vascularia. 412 2 b, c are referred to tliis species with some hesitation : they are the impressions of the ex- terior of the dorsal valve, and show the convexity corresponding to the concavity of the shell, which only occurs in an equal degree in this or the preceding species; the others in the rock being much less concave on the dorsal side. Fig. 4. Strophodonta magnifica. 414 4. The cast of a ventral valve, preserving the marks of the muscular impression and tlie imprints of the radiating striae. Piii.icoiii x.v.Vdi.:!. (flRACHlOPOKA.) n »:; r. Me'JA^ei. J.nh oi flon'm.Mi.KnijckBiboclter JtCo -Albdiy . Kl 'Ail. J. 1 !<<»Sislns wshr iBtarn .Vi oil '• M9it«* < PLATE 94. Page Fig. 1 a - d. Lept^na? nucleata. 419 1 a, b. Ventral and profile views of tlic cast. 1 c. Cardinal view. 1 d. Profile view enlarged. Fig. 2 a - d. Steophodonta magnifica. 414 2 a. The impression of the dorsal valve of this species in sandstone. The cavities of the car- dinal process arc not shown in the figure. 2 6. A cast taken from a similar mould, showing the diverging divisions of the cardinal process, crenulated hinge-line, muscular impressions, etc. ( The details of the marking are not well shown in this figure.) 2 e, d. The impressions of the same in sandstone, the marking being preserved in different degrees of perfection in the two specimens. Fig. 2e, /, &3. Strophomena RUGOSA, rar. ventricosa. 417 2 c. A east taken from the impression of a dorsal valve in sandstone. 2/. An impression of the dorsal valve in sandstone. 8. A cast in sandstone of the ventral valve. The specimen has heen weathered, and the parts are not so salient as they otherwise would be : the hinge-line is obliterated in the speci- men. Fig. 4. Orthis iiipPARiONTX. 407 4. The cast of the dorsal valve of a young shell of this species. -PATyriMT -Knr vnT .». (DIEHSlEiXMir SiiMlIDSir®HlE. fBRACHIDPODA) P1.C4 a f 4^ f Enftc«-edAFri*eel'b7 J.E-0»Tit A.?D.TTiS!TH P.TITTKn ■Jdla Sill ej: iisJiuU •IK PLATE 95. Fig. 1-7. Orthis musculosa. 409 1. Dorsal view of a specimen preserving the sliell. Tlie strise are partially obliterated by the silicificatioa of the shell, and they are not sufficiently curved towards tlie hhige-line in the figure. 2. Profile view of the same specimen. 3 & 4. Dorsal and ventral views of a smaller specimen. 5. Interior of the ventral valve. 6. Interior of the dorsal valve. 7. Cardinal view of the dorsal valve, showing the outline and the elevation of the processes. Fig. 8. Strophodonta magnifica, 414 8. A cast of the ventral valve, showing the muscular impression in part, with the shell pre- served upon the lower part of the specimen. Fig. 9. Strophodonta magniventra. 411 9. This figure is an impression taken from a mould in sandstone, left by the solution and re- moval of the shell. The broad reniform muscuLar impressions are strongly defined by an elevated rim; and between these and the median crest there are, on each side, other equally marlicd impressions, which, with the fliittened median crest, appear to liave been the points of attachment for the adductor muscles. Below and outside of these are vascu- lar impressions approaching those of Pkoductus, which are strongly marked, but not limited as the others. Fig. 10. Strophodonta vascularia. 412 10. A cast of the dorsal valve from an impression in sandstone. The divisions of the cardinal process are not of the full length, owing to the cavities not becoming filled with the ma- terial forming the cast. Prt-lpoiiJ NY Vol .3. s (Si'm^.'^^mi-^x @j\sm)®'if®Hia. BRACHIOPODA.) PlylcMr>. f B.Metk del LiU:. ol" M.nllTJWnl:tafleiTcil^y AUictns 4 « ■jui:. ( Afsr.«i*'^ ■i^ntt'j-) 3inT.T'> F'- J. n<' ... M PLATE 95 A. I'age Fig. 1. RnYNcnosPiRA rectirostra. 485 1 a, b, c. Dorsal, ventral and profile views of a sp2cimen of this species. Fig. 2, 3, 5 & 6. Merista (Camariom) typuji, 487 2 a. Dorsal view of a specimen of this species. 2 b. Profile view of the same. 3. Interior of the ventral valve, showing the transversa arching septum. 6. A longitndinal section of fig. 3. 0. A cast of the interior of a valve similar to fig. 3. Fig. 4. Merista (Camarium) elongatum. 488 4. The interior of a ventral valve of tlii.i species : the sides of the valve, and a part of tho arching septum, have been broken away. Fig. 7 - 11. Rhynciiospira Formosa. 486 7. Interior of the ventral valve of a specimen of this species. 8. I iterior of the dorsal valvo, enlarged to two diameters, to show the broad cardinal process which covers the extremities of the beak. and. when tho valves are closed, passes beneath the deltidial area of the opposite valve. The bases of the crura are shown on each side at the base of the cardinal process, and the short median septum also is shown. 9. Profile view of the same, showing the cardinal and crnnal processes. 10. Tlie upper part of the two valves connected in their natural relations to each other, and showing the manner of articulation. 11. A longitudinal section, showing the foramen, the deltidium, and the cardinal process of the ojiposite viilve lying beneath it; the crura first bending downwards, and then re- curved into the dorsal valve and continued in the spire, witli the descending process e, which forms, with the opposite one, a coimecting filament between the two spires. Fig. 1-3 & 14. STROPnODONTA INTERMEDIA*. 482 13. The exterior of the dorsal valve. 14. The interior of the same. Fig. 15 - 19. STROPnODONTA MAQNIFICAt. 482 15. A dorsal view, showing the area, which is imperforate and striate. The specimen is below the medium size which this shell usually attains. 16. Ventral view of the same : tlie margins are broken, and the outline is consequently im- perfect . 17. The interior of a ventral viilve of the same species, showing a central pit or foramen. 18. View of the area when the linear foramen is closed. 19. Enlargement of the stria;, showing their mode of bifurcation, and the puncta which are very regularly interposed between the stria;. Fig. 20 & 21. Orthis cu.mberlandia. 481 20. The exterior of a ventral valve of this sjjecies. 21. The interior of a smaller ventral valvo of the same. • This species possesses the cardinal process of Stropiiodoxt.v, with the dental lamella; of STREPTORnvNcncs. f This species may be compared with Orthis hipparinnyTt page 407. The striae, however, are more sharply elevated ■ ^ and less curved towards the binge-line, while the muscular Impression is uut distinctly bilobatc as in that species. S Pal»oiit W.Y.VoLS. (BHACIHOBODA.) PI. 95. A. 4_f arrtivton, lith.. X I ri '''I'' :•' mH ■'■■ '■»■!' PLATE 96. PugO Fig. 1-6. Cyrtia bostrata. 429 \ a, b. Dorsal and cardinal views of a young specimen, which has six plications on each side of the mesial fold. 2 a, b. Dorsal and front views of a larger specimen. 2 c, d. Profile and cardinal visws of the same specimen. 3 a, b. Cardinal and front views of another individual, with a higher area and less extended hinge-line. The beak in fig. 3 a, as represented, is not sutljciently elevated. 4 a, b. A'entral and dorsal valve of an old specimen. 4 c, d. Profile and cardinal views of the same specimen. 6. Interior of the dorsal valve. 6 a, b. The exterior and interior of a dorsal valve of this species. Fig. 1 a -f. Spirifer submucuonatus. 419 7 a, b. Ventral and dorsal views of a specimen of this species. 7 c. A specimen with one of the cardinal angles more extended. 7 d. Front view of the preceding. 7 e. Profile view of a specimen of this species. 7 /. The interior of the ventral valve. Fig. % a - e. Spirifer tribulis. 420 8 a, b. Ventral and dorsal views of a specimen of ordinary size. 8 c. Front view of a specimen which is less gibbous than usual. 8 d. Profile view of a more gibbous specimen. ( The dorsal valve is represented as too convex.) 8 «. An enlargement of the surface, showing the tine concentric and radiating striiB. Fig. 9 a - k. Spirifer cumberlandi^. 421 9 a, 6. Dorsal and ventral views of a large individual, showing the foramen almost entirely closed. 9 c. Front view of another individual. v 9 d. Profile view of the .specimen. 9 e. Ventral view of a specimen from the upper part of which the shell is removed, showing the cast of the muscular area and the rostral cavity. 9/. Interior of the dorsal valve, showing the cardinal and crural processes, with the dental fossets, 9 g. Interior of the ventral valve, showing the partial closing of the foramen, with a perfora- tion at the summit, the dental lamella;, etc. 9 h. View of a cast of the internal spiral appendage, probably of this species. i-\aa^cm.N.Y.VoI3. dMEKSlEiilTir SiJ^IDSTTCDKriE.o PI ( TifiAi'll M)i'i)|)A| FEMenk.D.l. JoliiE.G«vit.ScAll,aii7KY: PLATE 97. Pag. Fig. la-k, &2a-i. Spirifer arrectus. 422 1 a, b. Dorsal and front views of a specimen in which tlie sliell is partially exfoliated. ( The mesial fold is more angular in the specimen tlian is represented in the figure.) 1 c. The ventral valve of another specimen, in which the plications are rounded. 1 e. A ventral valve which is more extended on the hinge-line, and preserves to a considerable degree the surface markings, and has about eight plications on each side. If. A dorsal valve of proportionally greater length : the plications are broad and rounded, and seven are visible on each side. 1 g. Profile view of a gibbous specimen. 1 h. An enlargement of the surface, showing the fine concentric and radiating stri» as they appear on a worn surface. 2 a. The dorsal side of a cast, in which the plications are sharply angular. 2 b, c, d, e. Casts of the ventral valve, showing a variety of form and markings in the cast of the muscular impression, and in the number and development of the plications. 2/. Cardinal view of a cast whicli is somewhat distorted, and shows a part of the ventral valve ; the beak is broken ott". 2 g. A cardinal view of the cast of a ventral valve, showing the elevation of the process filling the beak. 2 A. A similar view, showing also the ventral side and the median line. 2 t. The cast of a distorted specimen. fn)) "Xt i'i'';:i t-CAyVi'yX' io.kK^'iO "J^^j i;'®)t.^rjsi IVil.conI N.V.Vol i. iiii.M-nioi'oiiA 2li. 2 c. Pl.'ir iX •Mg^ 2J. 29 /^■:--^y ■' 2e. 2h. ^iMMliitr'" - 2 I. (Ill J^luno \y 5^wfri1(jrr l.il)i...ll; lllV„:.<,,All...u» PLATE 98. Page Fig. 1-8. Spibifbb arenosds. 425 1 & 2. Two views from the same specimen, whicli is slightly distorted and the shell partially removed. 3. Ventral valve of a large specimen. 4. A dorsal view, showing the area and foramen. 6. View of a ventral valve. 6. The dorsal side of a specimen where the shell is worn from the mesial fold, and partially from the sides of the valve, fi a, b. Front and profile views of the same specimen, the ventral side being a cast of the interior. 7. The interior of a large ventral valve. 8. Enlargement of the plications, showing fine concentric strise. Fig. 8 a, b. Cyrtia rostrata. 429 8 a, b. Ventral and cardinal view of an imperfect cast of this species. T'iila»onl,N.Y.A/oI.3 BRACHIOPODA. PI. 98. FBMesk. del. IjtK.af R.H.fease . Mtany. tu tl9 PLATE 100. Pofre Fig. 1-8. Spirifer arenosus. 425 1 a, b. Dorsal and ventral views of a very young specimen, showing tlie characters already described. 2. A larger specimen. 8 a, b. Dorsal and ventral views of a larger specimen, showing the commencement of the dichotomizing of the plications of the mesial fold and sinus. 4 a, b. Dorsal and ventral views of a specimen of medium size, in whicli the cardinal angles are a little protluced. 4 c. Profile view of the same specimen. 4 d. Cardinal view of the same. 4 e. Front view of the same. 5. The interior of a dorsal valve. C. The interior of a ventral valve, with an area of medium width, and a slight thickening on each side of the muscular impression. 7. An old shell having the forriraen partially closed by a callosity, and an excessive thickening of the shell on the inside. The inner laminae of the shell are much briikim away. 8 o. The exterior of the ventral valve of a large individual, which preserves the external markings iu a good degree of perfection. 5 b. The interior of the same, showing the large area, partially closed foramen, and dental lamella', while the inner lamina of the shell around the nui.scular impression is exfoliated. Pig. 9 - 12. Spirifer pyxidatits. 428 9 a. Dorsal view of a specimen of this species. 9 b. Ventral view of the same. 9 c, d. Profile and front views of the same. 10. The interior of the ventral valve, showing the area. etc. 12. A cast of the dorsal valve. PalasonfN y\bl 3 (DmiL^iK^W)^ -s^^^nDSTdDMiE . PI lo; I'nHAi' 1 1 • I Ml '1 •' .| lA ^ Jf)"i«iE G^vitAlti :t;i- ^ .iOJ 3TAJ1 tt ■\-^V-K>. .y«i« li-iii>«a JMi') 'iin aTA.I >■«> ^ PLATE 101. Page Fig. 1. Eatonia pcmila. 437 1. The cast of the ventral valve, natural size. Fig. 2 a - g. Eatonia peculiaris. 436 2 a, b, c. Dorsal, ventral, and profile views of a specimen, having the ordinary form and proportions of this species in the Oriskanj- sandstone. 2 d. A cast of the dorsal valve of this species, showing the median septum and lateral lamella!. 2 e. A cast of the ventral valve, showing the form of the muscular impression, the median septum, and the small points of attachment for the adductor muscles. 2/. A specimen preserving a portion of the shell, which, on one side, is penetrated by the ramifying vessels. ( The lamellose structure of the shell is confounded with the surface stri* in the figure, which gives it an unnatural appearance.) Figure enlarged to one and a half diameters. 2 g. A cast of the ventral valve, showing the muscular and vascular impressions ( See cor- rected figure on Plate ci a). Fig. 3 a - m. Mebista lata. 431 B a. Ventral valve of a young specimen. 3 6. Donsal view of a large specimen. 8 c, d, e. Profile, ventral, and front views of the same specimen. iif. A ventral view of an intermediate form. 3 g. h. Dorsal and ventral views of a cast of this species. ( The mark of the median septum is not shown in some of the figures.) 3 i. Profile view of the same. 8 k. Ventral view of an imperfect cast, showing a larger muscular area. 8 I. Ventral view of a large individnal of this species. 8 r«. Profile view of the sam^. Pala-.-onl N.Y.Vol.:?. ® m3 m:f ^Xi^^i^jr s^, /^\:ic?rjiD8'3 rtsiiTj «; . BRAriltOI'OllA.I I'l.lOI w ^ ^1^ ^^ ^Sm F B.Mpek d-l. J1 PLATE 101 A. Pnge Fig. 1 a - h. Eatonia peculiaris. 436 1 a. Interior of the ventral valve, showing the form of the muscular impressions, teeth, etc. 1 6. Profile of the same, showing the little elevations of the shell -surface, and the small pits . for the adductor muscles a and the teeth t. 1 c. The dorsal valve, showing the crural processes and muscular impression. 1 d. Front view of the same, showing the deep sinus, and the relation of the crural processes and median septum. 1 e. Section of the dorsal valve, showing the elevation of the median septum and the crnral processes. 1 /. Figure of the ventral valve (the inflected extension in front being removed ) with a part of the dorsal valve attached, showing the crural processes, the median septum of the dorsal valve, the adductor imprints, the small oblique pits penetrating beneath the lamina! of the shell, and the cardinal muscular impression. ] g. View of another specimen with the dorsal valve downwards-and the ventral valve broken away, to show the median septum articulating with the bifurcating cardinal process of the dorsal valve. 1 A. A cast of the ventral valve, showing the muscular and vascular impressions. This and the preceding figure are enlarged to once and a half the natural size. Fig. 2 a, b. Eatonia wiiitfieldi. 437 2 a. The exterior of the ventral valve. 2 6. The interior of the ventral valve, with the apex of the dorsal valve attached. Fig. 3-6. Eatonia sinuata. 438 3 a. Dorsal view of a large individual, which shows the prevailing form. 3 6, e. Profile and front views of the same. 4. Dorsal view of a more orbicular form. 6. Ventral view of a cast, showing the strong muscular impression with the small central adductor impression. 6. Ventral view of a cast preserving a part of the shell; the form of the shell and mnscular impression more rotund than the preceding. Fig. 7 & 8. Rhynchonella ramsayi. 446 7. View of the dorsal side of the specimen. 8 a, b. Ventral and dorsal views of the cist of this spec'oi. ralivout .V y.Vol .3. (BBACIHOBODA. ) I'l . lOLA. i •» * 1 •^ -r^r^-'K ' ••<^ Swin-ton., litiL PLATE 102. Page Fig. 1 & 2. Ehtnohonella oblata. 439 1. A young individual, retaining a part of the shell on the dorsal valve. 2 a. Front view, showing the broad shallow sinus. 2 b. The ventral side of another specimen, showing the muscular area and the ramifying vascular impressions. ( The latter are represented in lines too sharply defined : the two sides are not connected by a sharp line, as shown in the figure; and their extension to- wards the front of the shell is in shallow depressions, which gradually become obsolete.) 2 c & d. Dorsal and cardinal views of the same specimen. Fig. 3. Khynchoneli-a multistriata. 440 3. View of the dorsal valve. Fig. 3 a, b, c; 4 a, b, c. Rhynchonella pleiopleura. 440 8 a. A ventral view of a cast. The area of the muscular impression is not sufficiently defined. 3 6. Dorsal view of the same specimen, showing a greater convexity of the valve, and a shorter medio-longitudinal septum than the R. oblata, 3 c. Front view of the same. 4 o. A larger individual. The specimen is somewhat broken and distorted. 4 6 & c. Dorsal and profile views of the same. l^lmiul N.Y.V'ol.3. (bhaciuopoda . ) PI. 102 F, B.MHek, del. l.iih-ol R.It.PQ.vse.Alba;ny. 4 r('>H9HTRfl •4iP' -Uls tMl.1 't' PLATE 103. Page Fig. 1. Rhynchonella fitchana. 441 1 a. The dorsal side of the specimen, which preserves a part of the shell. 1 b. Profile view of the same. Fig. 2. Rhynchonella septata. 443 2. A cast of the dorsal valve, showing indistinct marks of a few plications near the margin. Fig. 3 - 8. Rhynchonella barkandi. 442 3. Cast of the ventral valve, showing the large muscular impression. The area of the adduc- tor muscles is not represented as large as in the specimen. The depression in front is less than one-eighth of an inch below the plane of the more prominent margins. 4. A similar cast of a smaller individual, in which the form of the rostral cavity is better preserved than in the preceding. The casts show a great thickening of the shell at the beak. 5. Cardinal view of a specimen which is a cast from the interior of both valves, showing the great elevation of the dorsal valve, the strong median septum, and the deep sinuosity on each side of the beak. 6. Front view of the same specimen. 7. Lateral view of the same, showing the great lateral extension of the dorsal valve. 8. Profile view of a cast of the ventral valve, showing the abrupt inflection at the margin and the expansion of the shell below the beak, which fills the lateral sinuosities in the opposite valve. r.ila>..nl,N.TVol.:i (BHACmOPODA ) PI. io:< i 'Hh J .B.Maek •aci l.hli.otRH.FBase.Ai; ■ y .A gOI aXAJS YHJT r>/in 'j/uv UBsicu oni ni PMJieoiune ij'' T:. -i^oir* Ti/: .mtUt sd.t la 4 'iv tnaii hat si: Unab £ Uiuio iression of the dorsal valve, and the incurved beak. Fig. 4 & 5. Leptaccelia planoconvexa. Atrypa planoconvexa : Pal. New- York, Vol. ii, pa. 75, pi. 23, f. 11. 4 o, b. Dorsal and ventral views of a specimen of this species. f>. Interior of the dorsal valve of this species. Fig. 6. Pholidops squamiformis. 490 6 a. Interior of a siwcimcn of the natural size. 6 b. The same enlarged. Fig. 7. Pholidops ovatus. 490 7 a. Exterior of a specimen of the natural size. 7 b. The same enlarged. Fig. % a - d. Pholidops terminalis. 490 8 a. The exterior of the shell, of the natural size. 8 b. Two valves in conjunction. It is not determined that these valves are in their natural relations, and no articulating pi-ocesse» have been observed. 8 c. The interior of an(.ther spcchnen. 8 d. The same enlarged. PalaoiitN.TA'ol 3. (S)IEESIEi^VS!ir SifflTEiglPESJIi, (BBACIHOPODA.) PI. lOS B • « /. A f ^ 3 • ^F I # ey. i) £9 I \^ Svdxi-toii. litJx . ILdl 10 wrs'rf sJitoiq PLATE 104. Page Fig. 1-4. Renssel.«;ria ovoides. 456 1 a. The dorsal side of a young specimen, where the length little exceeds the width ; the shell nearly all exfoliated. 1 b, c. Ventral and profile view of the cast of a larger individual, preserving a little of the shell. 1 d. Cardinal view of a cast of a specimen of medium size, which is more ventricose than \h c. 2 o, b. Dorsal and profile view of a large specimen of elliptical form, preserving a part of the shell in front. 3 a. Cardinal view of a large cast, the ventral valve uppermost. 3 6. Dorsal view of an individual of ovate form, preserving the greater part of the shell. 3 c. Cardinal view of a gibbous specimen. 3 d. Cardinal view of an extremely gibbous specimen, which is flat or slightly concave at the sides, and the centre of the ventral valve strongly elevated. 4. A fragment of stone presenting the aspect of these fossils in their usual condition in the rock. I'al^icoiil X.V.Vol..^. (BRACIIIOI'OUA.) ri.ioi. 3 >. im**" ■ BMeetiel i.ili\.B£So£6rariifrnii:l« io «iti ;^«tKJ uiiJ PLATE 105. Page Fig. 1-6. Renssel^ria ovoides. 456 1. Dorsal valve of a full-grown individual, showing the abrupt inflection at tlie sides. 2. Profile of a large shell in which the parts are pretty well preserved in all their proportions; the dorsal valve being partially exfoliated, and the striae not visible. 8. Ventral view of the preceding. 4. Dorsal view of a large specimen, which is unusually contracted at the sides on the lower half of the shell. 5. A partial cast of a ventral valve, showing the form of the mitscular impressions and rostral cavity. The forms of the dental plates and teeth are seen on each side, below the beak. 6. A partial cast of a dorsal v^lve, showing a process reaching from the beak to the muscular impressions below. This process is the filling of the foramen, and extends from the cavity of the dorsal valve beneath the bases of the crural supports, coming out at the apex of the beak. r«la«oiitT9'.TTo1.3 . [bracidopooa') PI.IOA V, ■^'?iiU*^' Ojt Stone Try. S-virintoiL. ljth.ofEich^B.P«ase:jaiairy 9^ .uis ,gaiKNn<| uuiii>ij .RI.I/ TO AT}T.f.JXa8Ka>l .S - •) t J. ltd) ')o Miaai sdl boa asM Mlvaiam adJ gatwodi ,a!>iil.N.Y.Vol.:'.. OASTEHOI'OnA PI.IIS. Ji.Mook, dol,. LiUi ofK.H Peuse.Albany Tf ]*I PLATE 114. Page Fig. 1. Strophostylus transversus. 470 1 a. View of the spire. 1 b. View of the aperture, wliich ia narrowed by turning the upper margin forward. 1 c. Profile view of the shell from the upper side. Fig. 2 & 3. Strophostylus expansus. 470 2. A small specimen which is obliquely compressed. The peristome is extended around the adjacent volution, giving it a different aspect from the other specimens of tlie same species. 3 a. View of the aperture, sliowing its form, with tlie outer angle of the columellar lip. 3 b. View of the upper side of the spire and the expanded body volution. Fig. 4 & 5. Cyrtolites? expansus. 479 4 a, b. Anterior and lateral views of the smaller specimen. 5 o, b. Anterior and lateral views of the larger specimen. Pateont X.Y.Vol ,J. ( GA.STBROPODA.) PI. 114.. I B . Meefc del . liitt..of Eo£6run."Pea8o&Tolle7-, Aibaup / £ J« ,4 ,fc i ■ A. 1 ,« ,p r. ..« iu«mu UlJJ * s nn t « ■ ji!o oadl 91901 a(MM « gniTinsiq .;<'l ao'iJuloy PLATE 115. Pifa Fig. 1-6. Platyceras nodosum. 473 1 a, 6, & 2. Young specimens of this species, preserving about two volutions. 3 a, b, c. A young specimen which preserves the proper form of the shell. 4. A larger individual. 5. A larger specimen, preserving little more than a single volution. 6. A larger specimen of similar character with the preceding. Fig. 7. Platyceeas subnodosdm. 474 7. View of the upper side of the spire. Fig. 8. Platyostoma ventricosa. 469 8. A fragment of a specimen, apparently of this species, preserving a little more than one volution and a part of the aperture, with the pillar-lip, which is thickened and smooth. Palffiont . U.Y. Vol . 3 . (gasteropowa ) PI. 115 M 99 Se FE.MeeTt.del. RH Peaise.LltkAltajiy, ST/, lil A.1^J ■■7?oao;? gAJt -'.r.B&i^ 'i^ PLATE 116. Pag« Fig. 1-4. Plattceras nodosum. 473 1 & 2. Casts of this species, preserving the usual form. 3 & 4. View of the upper and lower side of the cast of a large individual. In this specimen, the nodes, either from weathering or extreme age and thickening of the shell, are less prominent than in the preceding. P»l» -i^HV ,AM - '^fflt,.. ' <«3iri .■ ov/J iiuilj aiuu. .8 .si-i PLATE 119. Fig. 1, 2, 4, 5 & 6. Platyceras magnificum. 476 1 a, b. View of the spire and aperture of a young shell. The volutions are actually free to the apex, though not distinctly represented in the figure. 2 a, b. A larger specimen with free volutions, having the aperture abruptly expanded. i a, b. A larger specimen, with the volutions free and the peristome less expanded. 6 a, b. A larger specimen, having the ape.-c broken off. This specimen presents a sinuosity in the posterior side of the aperture. 6 a, b. View of the aperture and spire of a large specimen in which all the parts are sym- metrical and well preserved, and the volutions are free except at the extreme apex. This figure is represented as of the natural size; the extreme length being three inches and three-fourths, while the aperture is two inches and three-eighths in height, and a little more tlian tw^o inches and a half in length. Fig. 3. Plattceras patulcm. 477 View of the aperture where the p3ristome is spread over the body volution, and thickened below. PaliPoiil.N.V.Vol.i (S)m3ig]o>2!nr ®j\KH)@ir®sTis. (GASTKHOPOOA.) i?l.llfl. i,B. Meet del. Iii4iaf Ko£fiMrtP»«»e iTolWy-, Albo^ PLATE 120. Pagt Fig. 1-7. Plattceras replexum. 477 1 a, b. View of the upper side of the spire, and of the aperture of a small specimen. 2 a. b. Similar views of a shorter form of the same species. 8. A larger specimen of the same species. 4. A specimen in which the first volution of the spire is concealed. The surface shows some obscure marks of spiral plications. 6. A large specimen in which the last volution is more than usually deflected, standing al- most at a right angle with the preceding volution. 6 o, 6. Two views of a specimen in which the aperture is obtusely quadrangular. 7 o, 6. A similar specimen with the preceding, where the last volution is less deflected than usual from the direction of the preceding volutions. Fig. 8. Plattceras? ( Platyostoma?) callosum. 478 8 o. View of the back and upper part of the last volution. 8 b. View of the aperture, spire, and callosity of the columellar lip. Pala?oiitNY.Vol.3. (GASTEROPODA) I'l !;•(>. T.B Meek. del. S»Tfe-toxi,Uth.. PLATE 120. Page Pig. 1-7. Platyceras keflexum. 477 1 a, 4. View of the upper side of the spire, and of the aperture of a small specimen. 2 a. b. Similar views of a shorter form of the same species. 8. A larger specimen of the same species. 4. A specimen in which tlie first volution of the spire is concealed. The surface shows some obscure marks of spiral plications. 5. A brgc specimen in which the last volution is more than usually deflected, standing al- most at a right angle with the preceding volution. 6 a, 6. Two views of a specimen in whicli the aperture is obtusely quadrangular. 7 o, 6. A similar specimen with the preceding, wliere the last volution is less deflected than usual from the direction of the preceding volutions. Fig. 8. Platyceras? ( Platyostoma?) callosum. 478 8 a. View of the back and upper part of the last volution. 8 b. View of the aperture, spire, and callosity of the columellar lip. PaLBontXr.Vol.3. ©mi[g5IE£^iT2' Si^IEgWffl)HriS. ( OAS T£ ROPOO A ) I'l I J I) F-B. Meek. del. flvTinton, lith-. < •0 QH 105 N7N3 V.21 Biolo«ic«I ft Medici Natural history of New York PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE CARDS OR SLIPS FROM THIS POCKET UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LIBRARY