x Wal! Se TS et . $7) CW a 1) we mia, ¢ te wien iY; Wa iY ie flan vi 7. Ai Smithsonian Institution Libraries Purchased with a Gift from DR. STORRS L. OLSON and the CULLMAN ENDOWMENT if AA. Made earl if sit Sy oe é Ro gia esa Px ty hg pe ae he ae aie ha vs ii aE Ig ts Mae) Da ey i ioe ae eat TN A ROWE [Paka (.), O THE NATURAL HISTORY OF BRITISH BIRDS; OR, A SELECTION oF rHz—E MOST RARE, BEAUTIFUL, AND INTERESTING Be RY DS WHICH INHABIT THIS COUNTRY: THE DESCRIPTIONS FROM THE Sweat FMA NATE Rea O F Liiva NWS: WITH GENERAL OBSERVATIONS, EITHER ORIGINAL, OR COLLECTED FROM THE LATEST AND MOST ESTEEMED ENGLISH ORNITHOLOGISTS; AND EMBELLISHED WITH ht GU Ro Ey S, PRAWN, ENGRAVED, AND COLOURED FROM THE ORIGINAL SPECIMENS. By E. DONOVAN. VO: Tht VLE. LONDON: PRINTED FOR THE AUTHOR; AND FOR F.C. AND J. RIVINGTON, No. 62, ST. PAUL'S CHURCH-YARD, 1816, a a i. 7, ‘ 5 MATES uF EN Ln ; fa SEU a Bt ae tie, Vee Toe i Bp” Bay ak Ps ae iy He Sno (=) 7 f , lJ * F ' ‘ j ra i ‘ i ie" ~ e fe velee* a Par . ‘ ' ‘ ' { 4 . 4 { 4 4 F 1 aa Rie ri = ’ , ' ‘ ) : 3 o f ; . ' ‘ h ‘ id A \ : ‘ \ ‘ j \ ¥ Pm i ‘ ' ai ; Cy a \ i ‘ A j ty hes Hae . iy ' ! i 199 PLATE CxXLIX. COLUMBA ALBINOTATA. SPOTTED NECKED, OR PANCOU TURTLE. PASSERES. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill ftraight, defcending towards the tip: noftrils oblong, half co- vered with a foft tumid membrane. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Feathers of the fides of the neck black, with a round white fpot near the tip of each. CotumMBA TurTuR @: T. pennis ad colli latera omnibus nigris, . macula prope apicem rotunda alba notatis. Gmel. Linn. Syft. Nat. 786. 82. SPOTTED NECKED TuRTLE. Lath. Syn. V. 4, p. 645.40 A. var. Ind. Orn. T. 2. p. 606. | $e There is nothing perhaps in the prefent ftate of Natural Hiftory that can more effectually impede its promotion than the alteration of Vou, VII. B names PLAT BE (Ck ue, riames fufficiently eftablifhed to be underftood by the generality of collectors. Novelty, m this refpect, fhould be always regarded with caution, becaufe at the leaft it is calculated to confufe and miflead, and when it arifes from affeCtation merelv, becomes highly reprehen- fible. Neither is it lefs injurious to the true purpofes of Science to weaken the credit of approved opinions without ample reafon: the hand of innovation may deftroy that which it cannot rebuild: vanity’ may injure that which it cannot repair ! With thefe impreffions cone ftantly upon our mind, it has ever been our endeavour, on all occa- fions, to improve upon rather than replant ; and preceding authorities we are inclined to believe, have been in general as feduloufly retained by us when they appeared admiffible, as by moft authors who have purfued the fame paths of enquiry as ourfelves. But in oppofing innovation we reft perfeétly affured that our en- deavours have never degenerated into a pertinaceous refiftance again amendments, founded on the progreffive increafe of knowledge. The true interefts of {cience oftentimes demand both alterations and im- provements, and when thefe appear evident, no authority, however great, fhould in our opinion operate as a barrier againft their progrefs. We only wifh to inculcate, as an unerring principle, that in the fub- verfion of the authority of thofe who have preceded us, we fhould a€& with a cautious and unbiaffed mind, and with every inclination to award that portion of credit, even to the opinions we difpute, to which in candour they are entitled. We have infenfibly fallen into this train of curfory obfervation at the commencement of our new Volume, from reflecting generally upon thofe differences of opinion which are found to prevail in the minds PLATE CXLIX. minds of Britifh Ornithologifts at this period, and thofe efpecially which it becomes our peculiar province to examine with more than ordinary attention in the courfe of the fugceeding pages. The digreflion will ferve alfo as a prelude, among the reft, to the little alteration we are induced to propofe in defignating the charaéter of the Spotted Necked Turtle, the bird at prefent under confideration. It is well known to every Ornithologift, for the Leverian Collec- tion, and the works of Dr. Latham, and Profeffor Gmelin, are known fufficiently to juftify the conclufion, that there does exift a kind of Turtle nearly allied to the common fort, and, in moft refpeéts, ac- cording with it, but which differs particularly in the form and num- ber of the white fpots on the black patch of the collar, and is hence efteemed a variety of the common Turtle. This bird was preferved originally in the Leverian Mufeum, and was defcribed from thence by Dr. Latham, whofe defcription has fur- hifhed fubfequent authors with the particulars of this fuppofed va- riety, and if we miftake not, with nearly all the information they poffefs refpefting it, For various reafons we propofe to offer, with deference to future ob- fervation, the bird in queftion appears in our mind to be entitled to confideration, rather as a diftinét fpecies than as a variety of the common Turtle. We fay rather, becaufe it does feem likely to be diftinét, and yet we are far fram wifhing to conceal our fufpicions, that it may have noreal claim to be eflteemed fuch: if, however, it Should prove a different fpecies, the poffibility of which may be in- ferred, there can be no objection, we apprehend, to diftinguifh it in future by an appropriate fpecific appellation; we propofe the name B 2 albi- PL, Ad CELEXKz albinotata, as expreffive of the charaCteriftic fpots of white on the black patch of the neck ; at the fame time, that we muft obferve, there are other particulars in which the plumage differs from the common Turtle, and might afford a fuitable {pecific title, fhould that feleéted by us be thought liable to ea The firft account of this remarkable bird that appears we believe on record, is comprehended in the very concife infcription affixed to a certain cafe in the late Leverian Mufeum, containing a f{pecimen and duplicates of the fame bird. Dr. Latham mentions only one, but there were more. The infcription briefly denominates them, the ** Spotted Necked Turtle,’’ and relates that they were fhot in Buck- inghamfhire. Thefe birds were included in the Mufeum at the time it was arranged in Leicefter Houfe, and poffeffed by Sir Afhton Lever, as we perceive by the reference of Dr. Latham in the third volume of his General Synopfis, the place in which the firft account of this bird occurs; the defcription is in the following words :—In the Leverian Mufeum, is a bird, fhot in Buckinghamfhire, which differs from the common one, in having almoft the whole fide of the neck black, in- ftead of a patch-only; and inflead of each feather being tipped with white, there is around fpot of white on each, very near the end, giving the fides of the neck a moft beautiful appearance.” In the fucceeding work of the fame author, (Index Ornithologicus). the fame opinion is continued, it being ftill confidered as a variety only of the common Turtle. ‘ A priore variat lateribus colli nigtis, apicibus pennarum macula alba notatis.”’ During the interval that elapfed between the publication of thefe two works, the improved edition of the Linnean Syftem, by Gmelin, had Ph AT BE CXLEX: had appeared. In this work, Gmelin notices this bird as a variety of the common Turtle, with the following diftin@ive charafter:— « Turtur pennis ad colli latera omnibus nigris macula prope apicem rotunda alba notatis..”’ It is worthy of remark, that though Gmelin refers for the Common Turtle to Latham’s Synopfis, and notwith- ftanding that, he mentions the refpe@tive authors, upon the teflimony of whom, every other fuppofed variety of the {pecies is recorded, he is entirely filent, as to the fource, from whence his knowledge of this particular variety is derived. From the literal accordance of his Jatin charafter with the defcription given in the General Synopfis, it is neverthelefs eafy to perceive that the authority upon which he refts muft be Dr. Latham’s. Deeming it a fubjeGt of more than ufual intereft, our inveftigation of authors did not terminate with Gmelin, we fought further in- formation refpecting this curious bird, but with no material fuccefs The bird appears to be unknown to continental writers, fo far as we ean obferve. Ina collation of the genus Touterelle by Viellot, the continuator of the Hiftory of Birds by Audebert, there is a flight account.of it which only tends to confirm our fufpicion that the bird is unknown upon the continent, for he mentions it as an accidental variety of the Common Turtle which has been killed in England, and is defcribed. by Latham: it refembles, he fays, the common Turtle, except in having the fides of the neck black, with a round white {pot near the extremity of each feather *, Stee ceeneenenniecnmeneeeeonnaereeemnnmmemenemeee immnemmenme cman nee Ee * There appears to he fome mifconception, or perhaps it may be an overfight on the part of the French tranflator, in rendering the meaning of our Englifh author into his own language; for his words are thefe:—* A les cdtés du cou noirs, dont chaque plume eft terminée de blanc, avec une tache rende blanche vers fons extrémité.!* The PLATE CXLIX, The Jaft work to which we can refer, is the Ornithological Dic. tionary of Mr. Montagu, in which the like repetition from the General Synopfis is detailed: the “ Dove-Turtle /potted-necked,” “* appears (fays this writer) to be a mere variety of the common Turtle. The difference confifts in the whole fide of the neck being black, and iniftead of thofe feathers being tipped with white, there is a round {pot of white on each, | very near the end. Dr. Latham fays this bird was fhot in Buckinghamfhire.”’ From the preceding obfervations there can be no difficulty in af- certaining the parent fource from whence the different accounts of this bird that have hitherto appeared, originally emanated, namely, the defcription of the bird in the Leverian Mufeum, inferted in the Sy- nopfis of Dr. Latham; this bird remained in that Mufeum till the period of its diffolution, and then paffed into our poffeflion. There were altogether three examples of it, the whole fuite of which we obtained and have now before us. In the earlieft defcription of this bird, the Author of the General Synopfis affures us, that he has feen this variety well expreffled in two collections of Chinefe drawings, and that in China it is known by the name of Pancou. He had obferved it likewife among a parcel of birds brought either from the South Seas or the Cape of Good Hope. Inthe ‘‘ Index Ornithologicus,” it is recorded finally as a native of Europe, Africa, and Afia; and we are befides affured that it occurs alfo in Cayenne. Ail thefe teflimonies prove moft clearly that this kind of Turtle, whether a diftin& fpecies or a variety, is widely diffufed over moft parts of the Globe; and that in every climate it exhibits the fame permanent diftinction from the common Turtle which we obferve in thofe individuals of our own country. This, ca a PLA ts CXLIX. This, in addition to other circumftances, muft tend wiaterially, in our opinion, to confirm its identity as a diftin& fpecies. We have lefs diftruft on this fubje€t than in its being aborigine in this country, a point apparently acceded to, with great implicitnefs, by other writers on Britifh Ornithology that have preceded us. To whatever caufe the appearance of this bird in a wild ftate in Britain is to be attributed, does not reft with us to determine. Dr. Latham, in the works fo fully quoted in the preceding obfervations, informs us, that many birds of this fort have been obferved in this country: we befides learn, that it was, in particular, not unfrequent in Buckinghamfhire; and hence, among collectors, it was as di{- tinctly known by the local appellation of the Buckinghamfhire, ag the Spotted Necked Turtle. If it be really a native of Europe, the filence of continental authors may truly excite furprife ; it is obvious from the above remarks, that the continental authors derive their in- formation from the naturalifts of this country. It is far more con- genial with our ideas to believe, that the bird as an European is peculiar to Britain, or rather that it is an extra European fpecies, introduced by fome fortuitous circumftance into the vicinity of Buck. inghamfhire, and which having become naturalized in that part, has gradually diffufed itfelf over the neighbouring counties; the latter is very probable. At the firft glance we might eafily conceive that this bird partook, in a remote degree at leaft, of fome peculiarities of the common Stock or Wood Pigeon, or that it formed an intermediate link -between that bird and the common Turtle. _It differs from the Turtle in being rather larger; the wings are comparatively longer, and this difference Pon AT B “ORTIE: difference is yet more obvious in the length of the tail than even in the wings. The general colour of the plumage is more vinaceous: the wings incline more to grey, with fcarcely any of the ochraceous hue obfervable in thofe of the Turtle, and the black or dufky marks in the difk of the feathers are totally diffimilar; thefe in the Turtle form a diftiné fubtriangular fpot of a very dark hue, approaching to olack, while in the other there is no indication whatever of fuch a fpot, except an obfcure longitudinal dafh down the middle of each of the feathers upon the {capulars and wing coverts. Its fize ex- ceeds that of the common Turtle, the length of the latter being about twelve inches, that of the Spotted Necked Turtle about fourteen. It is affuredly a matter of fome furprize to us, that thefe effential differences, the exiflence of which, on an accurate comparifon of the two birds, is fo palpably obvious, fhould efcape remark till the prefent moment; but it appears in truth that the bird itfelf is fearcely known, and that thefe diftinétions being unnoticed in Dr. Latham’s work, thofe who have compiled on his authority, were not aware that any fuch diftin@tions prevai!. When thefe chara&ters are con- fidered duly, in addition to the remarkable and more confpicuous, but not more permanent, diftinGtion of the numerous white dots upon the collar or black fpace of the neck *, we are inclined to ap- prehend, no very trivial reafous are advanced for confidering the two # In this bird, the whole fide of the neck is black; there is a black {pace on the neck of the common Turtle, but it only forms a fmall patch: in the Spotted Necked Turtle the white dots are numerous, every black feather exhibiting one zear the end. In the common Turtle the end of the feather itfelf is white, but there is no fpot in the ditk of the feather, and the thape is different; that of the bird before us being diftin¢tly round ; while in the Common Turtle it forms the fegment half of a circle, or-is rather lunate. birds Pia TR CXLIX. birds as fpecifically diftinét. Indeed the only doubt that can poflibly arife, muft refult from the differences that may be obfervable in the Spotted Necked Turtle in its various ftates of plumage; and this can fcarcely be fuppofed to affeat it fo materially as to change its plumage to that of the Turtle-dove*! In its prefent afpect, there can exift, we are perfuaded, but one opinion upon the fubject, and that mut be in confirmation of our firft conclufion, that the fpecies is diftiné. * We are fully aware that varieties of the Common Turtle do exift, in which the plumage differs a little from our Englifh variety. The Portugal Turtle-Dove, one of the admitted varieties, is, however, now fuppofed by fome to conftitute a different bird, and this may hereafter be the opinion with refpect to ether varieties. Vol, VIt, Ay C PLATE i Pail is ail ‘ { A nt } Bip nie! pai) Soe but) Mm ncehph Be aie rae vi } Eon : , : F ' ( 5 é 5 5 7 ? * i < wet ry , 1% ‘ S > . és oko rea babii ‘ ry oe en ee te ie eueh a ey aaah Gee a hi ] a sek te 450 | Fe a i ao) MOTACILLA SIMPLEX. GREATER PETTYCHAPS. PASSERES. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill fubulate, ftraight; the mandibles nearly equal: noftrils eboval; tongue lacerated at the end. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND | , SYNONYMS. Gresaii, fufcous, bereath; and eyebrows whitifh: quill and tail feathers dufky brown. Syivia HortEnsis@: viridi-fufca fubtus fuperciliifque albida, remigibus reétricibufque fufco-obfcuris. Lath. dnd (Orn bbe: 507 3: Sytvia Simpuex Lath. Ind. Brit: birds. Suppl. I. p. 287. GREATER PETTYCHAPS, ib. PettycHars. Lath. Gen. Syn. T. 4. pi 413. 3. Lewin Br. Birds. 3. t. 100. Walcot, Syn. 2. ts 280+ PerTycHaps GREATER. Mont. Orn. Ditt. V.2.—PETTYCHAPS, . GREATER Sylvia hortenfis, Mont. Orn. Dic?. Suppl. C2 There Pit) Avene ale There is an expreflion of the late Dr. Johnfon that applies, if we | miftake not, with peculiar aptitude to the difcuffions which have taken place among Ornithologifts, re{pecting the warbler before us; they have literally tended to ‘* elucidate” the fpecies ‘ into ob- {curity.” We can fcarcely hefitate in admitting this, while we trace the confufion that prevails among authors upon the fubjeét of the greater and the leffer Pettychaps, the Linnzan Motacilla hortenfis, and the Fauvette of Buffon, all which have been at times confounded together as a fingle {pecies. Before we attempt to unravel the web of obfcurity, in which thefe birds and their congenors are entangled, it may not be amifs to con- fider the greater Pettychaps feparately, as the few remarks we have to offer on the other birds involved in the enquiry, may be introduced with moft propriety after that bird is duly noticed: indeed, a correét defcription of the greater Pettychaps, with a few remarks on its haunts and habits of life, muft lead, in no very inconfiderable degree, to point out the precife diftinGtions that prevail between this and the analogous kinds of warblers, with which it has been confounded. The difcovery of the greater Pettychaps in Britain, is attributed to the zealous affiduity of the late Sir Afhton Lever; having been ob- ferved by that indefatigable colleétor, in the firft inftance, in Lanca- fhire, and communicated by him from thence to Dr. Latham, for the purpofe of defcribing in his general fynopfis of Ornithology. This bird, as it appears, was deemed, at that time, of fufficient intereft, to induce Dr. Latham to record its defcription in its proper place, Pes AV TE CL, place, even after that portion of the fourth Volume, in which the warblers are defcribed, was worked off; the defcription being printed upon a fingle leaf, in a fmaller type, and fubfequently afhxed in the volume, that it might appear in its proper feries, among the warbler tribe. The fpecimens from which Dr. Latham’s defcription was taken, paffed into our poffeffion, with the reft of his colle€tion of Britifh birds, about twenty years ago; and thofe of Sir Afhton Lever, in the year 1808, the period in which we obtained Sir Afhton’s col- lection of Britifh birds, through the diffolution of that well known ef- tablifhment, the Leverian Mufeum. We thus poffefs every individual bird defcribed originally under the title of the Greater Pettychaps, and, confequently, thofe upon which all difcuffion refpe@ing the identity of a f{pecies fo much miftaken, muft, in a material degree, depend: it is from thofe our figure and defcription are taken. This bird is about the fize, or rather fmaller, than the hedge fparrow ; the length, between five and fix inches. The upper parts of the plumage greyifh brown, tinged with a greenifh hue: the under parts dufky white, with a little brown, inclining to blackifh; acrofs the breaft and over the thighs, on the latter of which, the colour is darkeft: the quills are brown, the edges of the feathers with a greenifh tint like the upper parts of the plumage, and over the eye, a pale or whitifh ftreak, which paffing from the bafe of the bill, forms a lobate or rounded {pot behind the eye. All the tail feathers are uni- formly dull brown, the bill and legs brown. Both fexes are nearly alike, except that the colours of the male are rather darkeft. Die. Pe AD Ey Cy, Dr. Latham, its original defcriber, affigns no latin fpeeific aps pellation to the Greater Pettychaps, in the firft inftancey as he efteemed it only a variety of the Fauvette of Briffon. In the Index of the Britifh birds, contained in the Supplement, it is, however, diftin- guifhed as a new f{pecies by the name of Simplex but after that time, the opinion of Dr. Latham was again changed, for in theIndex Ornitho- logicus, which fucceeded the former mentioned Supplement, it is determined to be new only as a Britifh bird, and no other than a variety of the Linnzan fpecies, Motacilla Hortenfis. As the hiftory of this bird became better known, the fpecies was obferved in other parts befides the vicinity of Lancafhire. But it was rather heard than feen: its extreme fhynefs, added to the difficulty of penetrating the deep thickets where it ufually remains concealed, fe« curing it from the intrufion of all, except the more inquifitive, or impertinently curious. Its fong is peculiar, and as this cannot fail to excite attention, from the fweetnefs, melody, and brifknefs, as well as compafs of its notes, the fituation of its hiding place is often- times betrayed. By this means its vifits to the more fouthern coun« ties of Britain have been afcertained in the months of April and May, and as far weftward as Devenfhire in June. The fpecies is certainly local. Mr. Montagu obferved it frequently between the eaftern parts of Somerfetfhire, and no where more abundant than between Spalding and Bolton in the latter mentioned county, where it occurs even in the few hedges about the village of Wainfleet, and in the thickets furrounding the decoys of the fens in that neighbourhood. Commonly, however, their haunts are in more retired fituations. The note, which is by fome authors, compared with the whiftle of a blackbird ; in the opinion of others, is little inferior to that of the nightingale ; Peek | Fe CY.,, nightingale; and indeed refembles it fo nearly, that the bird is faid, on that account, to have obtained a name on the continent, fynony- mous with the englifh epithet of Mock, or Baftard Nightingale. {In reverting to the authors quoted in our lift of fynonyms, it will be perceived, that the lateft writers on this fubjeét, confider the Pettychaps as a variety of the Linnean Motacilla hortenfis. That we cannot be miftaken as to the true Pettychaps, is fufficiently de- monitrated, and with the individual {pecimens originally defcribed be- fore us, we mutt be allowed to qualify our acquiefcence to the popu- lar opinion, with at leaft fo much hefitation as to leave it a matter of opinion for future confideration, whether they are really the fame or not.. Dr. Latham had his doubts on the fubject formerly ; thofe on our mind are not obliterated, we are {lill inclined to think the two birds may be fpecifically diftinct, The difference of thefe birds is obvious in their general appearance: the plumage in Aortenfis is greyith, or afh-coloured brown; that of the Greater Pettychaps, brown, tinged with greenifh: in hortenfis, the mandible is black, with the bafe of the lower one paler, in the latter the bill is brown. Mbotacilla hortenfis, according to the plate in Buffon, (P/. Enl. 579.) has a white fpot between the bill and the eye, defcribed fometimes as a ftreak: and there is a faint whitifh mark over the eye of the Pettychaps, which is, however, more inconfpicu- ous. Befides fome difference in colour of the quill feathers there ts a material diftinction in the character of the tail; the latter being uniformly dufky brown, while in the tail of hortenfis, the exterior feather on each fide is white on the outer web, and marked on the inner web, near the tip, with a dirty white [pot. Thefe PLA To 2 C.. Thefe diftin&ions are effential, but fhould they yet appear in- fufficient to authorife our diffent from the prevalent opinion, we may add a few words further in confirmation of our {cruples.—We are but partially acquainted with the hiftory of the Greater Pettychaps ; itis a bird by no means fufficiently common in England to leave nothing of its manners unknown, or to render the obfervations of continental writers, of trivial import, fince among them it may be more abundant than with us, and may alfo have been regarded with more attention. The Fauvette of Buffon, the bird confidered to be the Motacilla hortenfis of Linnzus, arrives in France in the month of April, the males preceding the females by a few days: they are faid to frequent fields and gardens, often building on the pea flicks; more coms monly, however, they build on thick bufhes in the hedges or among the low thickets; their neft is compofed of dry herbs with a little © green mofs outwardly, and fome hair within, asa lining. The neft of the Greater Pettychaps is compofed of dried fibres of plants, flightly conftruéted, and lined with a few hairs: and is depofited in a low bufh near the ground. The difference in the formation of the nefts, 1s lefs obfervable than in the appearance of the eggs, thofe of the greater Pettychaps being dirty white, marked with irregular dufky blotches of various fizes, particular about the middle, and here and there a fcratch of black.—The egg of the Fauvette is of a dirty white, marked all over with {pots of light brown, which are moft numerous at the larger end. The defcription of the eggs of our Greater Pettychaps, is repeated in the words of the original defcriber, as he received it from Sir Afhton Lever, for though, in our colle€tion of the eggs of Britifh birds, | BL ATE. éri birds, we have fome {pecimeris which feem to accord with the defcrip. tion pretty nearly, we are not fanétioned by any authority in referring them to the particular fpecies before us ; we muft reft our opinion on the accuracy of thofe by whom the eggs of the two birds have been feen and afcertained, and by thofe they are defcribed as being very dif ferent from each other.—Upon this fubje& we muft however obferve, that the author of the Ornithologiéal DiGtionary defcribes the eggs of ‘our greater Pettychaps, in the fame terms as thofe of the Fauvette are defcribed above. This we fufpe&t may arife from a defire in the author to render the hiftory of the bird complete; he concludes the greater Pettychaps muft be the true Hortenfis, and confequently the Fauvette, and under this perfuafion, may have been induced to defcribe the egg of the latter as that of the Greater Pettychaps ; this fuggeftion will {carcely appear doubtful, when the language of its author is collated with that of the French naturalift*. It appeared very material to the difcrimination of the two fpecies to digrefs on this point, or we fhould not have mentioned it. The diffimilarity between the eggs of thefe birds fhould be carefully regarded. It cane not be unknown that the diftin&tion in the eggs are as permanent as the chara&ters obfervable in the bird, and fhould thefe exhibit the dif. ference ftated, as the authorities mentioned, incline us to believe there cannot remain a doubt that the two birds are diftinét. tee pene ® «Tt lays four eggs, about the fize of a Hedge Sparrow's, weighing about thirty-fix grains, of a dirty white, blotched all over with Jight brown, moft numerous at the larger end, where fpots of afh appear.” Orn. Dié&.— La femelle y dépofe ordinairement quatre eufs pefant chacun trente-fix grains, d’yn blanc fale, avec de petites taches brunatres affez nombreufes et plus rapprochées au gros bout.”® Vol. VII. D Authors Prh ‘Arty E. IH. Authors concede, with apparent probability, that the Fauvette of Buffon and the Motacilla hortenfis of the Linnzan fyftem, are the fame; there muft ever remain fome little obf{curity refpeéting the birds intended by Linneus, the {pecimens he defcribes being long fince deftroyed or loft, and the figures in authors to which he refers being lefs fatisfaftory than might be defired: it was once fuggefted to us by a Swedifh naturalift, that it could not be hortenfis, but whether: che objeétion arofe from a due confideration of the two birds, we are not enabled to determine. With refpect to the Leffer Pettychaps, the Motacilla Hippolais of Linneus, it is fo definitively diftinét from the Greater Pettychaps, that we fhould have fcarcely deemed it neceflary to enter upon the | jubje€&t in this place, if it had not been obferved, that a late in- genious author has defcribed it under the name of Hippolais, and thus confounded the Greater and Leffer Pettychaps together as one fpecies. The firft we have already defcribed at length, the other is a {mall bird of very delicate firu€ture, and not larger than the little, or Golden-crefted Wren, and is the fmalleft of the feathered tribe that inhabits Britainm—The Leffer Pettychaps will be found, delineated in one of the immediately fucceeding Plates. PLATE eae? 5/ PL AYE aw Melk: MOTACILLA OENANTHE. WHEAT EAR, OR WHITE RUMP.’ ) PASSER-RS. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill fubulate, ftraight ; the mandibles nearly equal: noftrils oboval ; tongue lacerated at the end. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND : SYNONYMS. Back hoary: front, line above the eyes, rump and bafe of the tail white; through the eyes a black band. MoOTACILLA OENANTHE : dorfo cano, fronte alba, oculorum faf- ; cia nigras Linn. Fn. Suec. 254. Gmel. Syft. Nat. . 966. 15. be : Fabr. Faun. Groenl. p. 122. 84 Scop. Ann. I. No. 230, Briinn. No. 276. Kramer. El, pe 374—4. Nozem. nederl. Vogel. t. 8%. D 2 SYLVEA PLAT E \Cek SyLVIA OENANTHES? dorfo cano, fronte linea fupra oculos uro# pygio bafique caude albis per oculos falcia ni- gras Lath. Ind. Orn. p. 529. 79 Curruca major, pettore fubluteo, Frifch. av. t. 22. Oenanthe f. vitiflora. Aldr. orn. 2. p. 762. t. 163. Jonft. Av. 123. 1.45. f. 13. Vitiflora, Brif’ 3. p. 449. 33. Culo bianco Zinnan, p. 41. t. 6. f. 24.—Ceiti tie. Sard. p. 223. Le Cul-blanc, Vitrec, ou Motteux. Buff. 5. p. 237.—Pl. Enl. 554. fil, % WHEAT-EAR, Fallow-fmich, white tail, white rump. ay av. p. 75.n.1.—Will. Orn. p. 233. t. 41.—Albin. av. 1.1. 55. 3. te 54.—LEdwards av. prefr p. 12. Brit. Zool. 1.n. 15%.—Orn. Diét.—Bewick v. 1. 229. WHeEAT-EAR. Lath. Gen. Syn. 4. p. 465. 75.—Id. Supp. p. 182, SnorTER. Pult. Cat. Dorfet. p. 9. The Wheat-ear is a bird of very pleafing afpect: there is a pecus liar delicacy in its appearance and manner, which, added to the fin- gular contraft of colours its plumage exhibits, entitles it to more: than ordinary attention. This bird is of the migratory kind, refiding in Britain during the fummer months. The males preceded ufually by the females about ten days or a fortnight, arrive on our fhores in the month of March, Or $4 Ad-E .CLy or the beginning of April, and from that time till late in Mays about the end of September the Wheat-ears affemble and depart, the laft flight in O@ober. A few birds occafionally remain in England when the feafon is mild during the whole winter. As a bird of paffage the Wheat-ear is a {pecies very widely dif. fufed over the globe : towards the north it has been traced as far as the remoteft of the Scottifh iflands, Norway and Iceland, and by Fabricius afcertained even as a native of Greenland, Edwards, and after that writer Latham, {peak of it as an inhabitant of the Eat Indies, and from the late obfervations of Sonnini, Wheat-ears are by no means uncommon in Egypt. Inthe Index Ornithologicus it is no= ticed as a native of Africa. There are feveral varieties of this {pecies, the principal of which may be reduced to three, the Grey Wheat-ear of Pennant’s Britifh Zoology (Cul-blanc gris of Briffon) the Afk-coloured (Cul-blanc cendré of Briffon) and the Dwina Wheat-ear, var. 3. The firft of thefe differs from the ufual kind in being olive or tawny above, with a mixture of whitifh and fulvous ; the lower part of the neck marked with very fmall grey {pots ; the two middle tail feathers wholly black, the reft, as in the Common Wheateear, and fringed with pale rufous ; the bill and legs brown. In the Afh-coloured Wheat-ear, the plumage as the name implies is of an afhen colour, at leaft, on the upper parts of the body, and itregularly mixed with grey brown; the rump of the fame co- lour PIi;A TE CLE lour inftead of white. The forehead white as in the common kind. That found about the Dwina is white above; the throat, wings, and almoft the whole of the two middle tail feathers black ; and two {paces of black on the outer feathers of it. In our Mufeum we poffefs alfo a buff-coloured Wheat-ear, a fup- pofed variety of this fpecies ; perhaps allied to, if not the bird in- tended by Linnzus under the fpecific name of Stapazina: the red or ruffet-coloured Wheat-ear of Edwards. According to the obfervations of Buffon the Wheat-ear does not attain the adult plumage till the third year. This may induce a per- fuafion that fome; if not all the birds admitted heretofore as varieties may prove to be no other than the common kind in an immature flate of plumage. Before the firft moult the young birds are a mix- ture of reddifh, or ruffet, with brown on the head, the neck and up- | per part of the body to the rump faintly flreaked with blackith, the rump itfelf white: the under parts reddifh dotted with blackifh or dufky, with the lower part of the belly white. The afh-coloured va- riety is conceived to be the young of the male bird. The plumage of the female is marked like that of the male, but:the colours are more. ob{cure. Preparatory to the commencement of the breeding feafon, the Wheat-ear feeks fome convenient depofitary in the ground for the conftruction of a neft, fele€ting for this purpofe a hollow under the fhelter of a flone, or clod of earth, or not unfrequently the defert= “ed burrow of a rabbit. The neft is formed of grafs, or mofs, mixed — with | P-EiA Tak 7CLo ‘with the wool of fheep and otheranimals which it eafily colle&s in the places of its haunts, and lined witha few hairs and feathers. The eggs are of a light blue colour, with a circle of deeper blue at the large end. Stragglers have been known to breed here, but the circumftance is rather unufual. The chief food of the Wheat-ear confifts of infects, and worms, upon which latter they are obferved to thrive well and become very fat. The vicinity of Eaftbourn in Suffex is a celebrated refort of this little bird, which, generally fpeaking, though it may occafionally abound elfewhere, is a local {pecies : they feem difperfed, feldom ap- pearing in great numbers together in any one f{pot. Mr. Pennant at- tributes their appearance in fuch abundance, about this particular fituation, to the prefence of a certain fly which feeds on the wild thyme, that abounds “in the neighbouring hills ; thefe flies, in his opinion, conftituting the favourite food of the Wheat-ear. Befides the vicinity of Eaftbourn we have obferved thefe birds very common in the open grounds to the weftward of the coaft of Suffex, and no where in greater plenty than about the falt marfhes, towards the fea from Chichefter to the borders of Hampfhire. They fly low, and fettle frequently to pick up the worms, and infects that are found on the ground. The peafantry, the fhepherds efpecially, fnare them in traps contrived fimply in the manner boys take {parrows with traps of brick, except that thofe for the Wheat-ear are made with fone or clods of earth inflead of brick. There is befides another mode of capture. which confilts merely in placing two clods of éarth edgeways, fo as to PLATE CLI. to form a kind of tent or awning, witha ftick at the opening te which a running noofe of hair is faftened : in the night time, and not unfrequently when difturbed or frightened, the Wheat-ears entet thefe traps for fafety and are taken. The excellence of the Wheat-ear as an article of food has ob- tained it the emphatic name of the Englifh Ortolan, for which rea= fon they are fought after with avidity. Mr. Pennant obferves, that the numbers enfnared in his time, in the diftrict of Eaftbourn alone, amounted to 1840 dozen, which ufually fold for fixpence a dozen. Mr. Montagu informs us, it is a common cuftom in thofe parts where the Wheat-ear is taken, to vifit the traps fet by the the fhepherds, take out the bird, and leave a penny in each as a re- ward to the owners; remarking further, that thefe birds ufually fell for a fhilling a dozen. Nor was the moderate price abovementioned unufual in the parts adjacent. In Portland, where thefe birds are called the Snorter, and are entrapped in great numbers, Dr. Pultney affures us, the price is one fhilling per dozen. More than thirty dozen, adds this accu- rate writer, are faid to have been taken in a day, by one perfon. In 1796, an inflance, he fays, occurred, of even fifty dozen being caught in one day. It is further ftated, that a perfon in the Wey- mouth market, had paid thirty pounds to one man for Wheat-ears, in the year 1794, at one fhilling adozen; and that the fame vender had been fupplied with fifty dozen more than could be difpofed of. Dr. Latham obferves, thas quantities of thefe birds are eaten on the FEAT £, CLe. the fpot about Eaftbourn, by the neighbouring inhab’tants ; others aie picked and fent up to the London poulterers, and many are potted, being as much efteemed in England as the Ortolan on the continent. It is true, the Wheat-ear abounds in thofe parts as in former times; but the pafling ftranger, who, from thefe details, might be in- duced to expect in his vifits to any of the towns or villages in the vi- cinity, a difh of thefe Englifh ortalans, at a moderate charge, will be ferioufly difappointed. The influx of vifitors from the metropolis into thofe parts during the bathing feafon, (the time in which thofe birds are common,) has effe€ted a change fo material in this refpe& within the laft few years, that we may almoft with as much confi- dence confult the regulations of the ** 8th Ha:ry” for the prices of the prefent London markets, as confult the authors of ten or twenty years ago for the prefent price of Wheat-ears in the neighbourhood of Eaftbourn. Five, ten, or fifteen fhillings a dozen, is fometimes paid for thefe birds, and thought not very immoderate ;—it certainly is not, compared with that of the potted Wheat-ear, the price of which, in the fummer of 1813, as we found charged by a purveyor in thefe delicacies refident in the town of Brighton, was three half-crowns a pot, each pot containing two birds !—Such are the charges for frefh and potted Wheat-ears, at the watering places of Suffex, at leaft to the occafional vifitors. Nol. VIE. E PLATE a fi . oe P ‘ a } ‘ F i & » 7 .+* : * i “ ae ‘ Tie \_ge } Bsi5S | BSP CR pe twodigle Sit vie aed } Z — . a\ ‘ Bi : F Se a Xx wot pe sues aan dias? S16 Viloht ms {tet a ie: 1PM. di ai hi i , ae ee a s \ ‘ ti acca Faye He WIEN the es OURS, dag iy FS 23 AD. GEIOIKT O04 2 Bualgodt id - Otte nS doi n° 1.4 t i... ' i y . J > , L 20 - Fs i ‘ we i at ® 4 _ ‘as é bs tr BE PUSey . ERED i. eboueds pgs i ie ee % aie 5p , Rai oh “Hy ‘ay en wh? Sb> (2) RSQ Oe eee Cy en Wes SLY aid mt shal see : aye ‘ ; ; ie ‘ \ . Kor ogiesl Ske te. guetetercener iN Sorts hb a ae m \ o 5 <= s iss "4 fi ; = a etatet., hg ERPAFT ae oF te} Pa a ad “baie ; wet ee, ie yr Se ae OE Ao ee, 3 nl Ps rd tay 4 a8 i Pye? yd eed Gage weiirid Re “eiiit ater = Bik be Lau we Bas vf ie ' chai J ee? * a a c a 5 a %y + J P; - d ; q * ” t run) ‘ ; ; Fh Gis Oe ar i tS i m1 ey Bist : eft i) My PTER GS BAe lt Sane a ed Ba a ee. Ja) vrt iB ir Pe a Ns 5 3 DEAS ba $ h a Saale " a, TU Ga ee ke p Fath va: H Sea rea | ee ae Le | : ra § 4 . i 7 Hasso ot ug pick eae a waneil masitt b Vise ‘sh * RY oii ay ge phe ke ey Vara 34 P oid, Ve ’ eo ria hurt $5 fie tu gi Vi i TT hh: cM f= a Bh ey tied Oe hana! ak er cr 4 8 pT at Ae of fn arc Gaevle ar weil re ee ‘a ayeve > Mis Sth abe Can! Gee eel ie i ’ al Fo Lh fh 7% Ps i ah . eee” + Ti ¢ » ree { ed Gs ame ede ee a =f : i fy fs SY oe J oe i ; eae See cree 4 Bit i PRR 5s: 2 So ods \ Ri roA TT © UCLEL MOTACILLA ATRICAPILLA. BLACK-CAP WARBLER, PASSERES,. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill fubulate, ftraight, the mandibles nearly equal: noftrils oboval, tongue lacerated at the end. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Teftaceous, beneath cinereous: cap dufky-black. MorTAaciti_a ATRICAPILLA: teftacea, fubtus cinerea, pileo ob- feuro. Linn. Fn. Suec. 256.—Scop. Ann. 1. n. 229.—Briinn. Orn. n. 278, 279.—Kram, el. ps 877.n. 15. Gmel. Syft. Nate 970. 1. Curruca Atricapilla. Brif. av. 3. p. 380. n. 6. Klein av.p. 79, 14, Atricapilla, f{. Ficedula Ge/n. av. 348. . Aldr. orn. &% p. 7156. ¢. 757. Ray, Syn.p. 19. A. 8.—Will. orn, p. 162. t. 41, 2 | Capinera, Puy A Toe CLUB. Capinera. Olin. Ucte t. 9. Zinnan. Uov. p. 36.58. f. 45. Cetti ue Sard. p. 216. La Fauvette 4 téte noire, Buff. 5. p. 125. t. 8. f. Pl. Enl. th 530, f. 1—2. Meiflen Moenche, Gunth. Neft. u. Ey, 1. 68. Klofterwenzel, ‘ Frifch av. t. 23.7.1. BLAcK-cap. Penn. Brit. Zool. 1. 148.—Ar&. Zool. 2. p. 418: Ray. av. 79.8. BLACK-CAP (Sylvia atricapilla). Lath. Syn. 4. ps 418. 5.—Ind Orn. 508. 6. As the turtle is the emblem of conjugal fidelity, the Black-cap ia that of parental tendernefs; no bird providing for its young with greater induflry, or more anxious folicitude. In this refpeé the male is not lefs attentive than the female ; while one quits the neft- lings in fearch of focd, the other remains to watch the neft and pro- tect them. When the young are able to fly and leave the neft they aflociate together in families, accompany each other in their daily excurfions, and at night rooft tugether on the fame branch, the male on one fide, the female on the other, and the infant brood in the middle between them ; the whole huddled together as clofe as poflible for the fake of warmth. ‘he vocal powers of the Black-cap are not furpafled by. many of the feathered tibe: it is deficient i in that wild variety which confti- tutes. PLATE CLII. tutes a chief excellence in the fong of the nightingale, but it never thelots refembles it, and, with that exception, its noteis fo little inferior, that it has obtained the appellation of the Mock Night. ingale—An inftance is recorded by Buffon, of a Black-cap, tu tored by the fong of the nightingale, whofe note at length fo far excelled in melody and compafs as to filence the fong of its in- ftructor. The Black-cap is a fmall bird, its length fcarcely exceeding five inches ; the general colour above is afhen, with a tinge of greemihh ; the fides of the head and body beneath greyifh, becoming white towards the vent : the top of the head black. ‘This is the defcrip- tion of the male bird, from which the female differs in having the head ferruginous. When this bird firft arrives, which is early in the fpring, be- fore the infeét race appears in fufficient number to afford it fufte- nance, the berries of various plants furnifh it fupport : thefe it af- terwards rejects as infeéts become more common, except the fruit of the ivy, which is faid to conftitute a favourite food at all times, The neft, which is compofed of dried ftalks, with an intermixture of wool and green mofs, the fibres of roots and horfe-hair as a lining, is placed generally in a buh very near the ground: the eggs are five in number, of a pale reddifh, mottled with a deeper colour, and a féw’dark {pots. The PLATE CLII. The Black-cap is a fummer refident with us, coming to England in fpring and returning in autumn. It is not undeferving of re- mark, that though this bird is not unfrequent in the north as well as fouth of Europe, it is by no means common in this countrye PLATE a = ves xa ae ae as 153 PLATE CLIT. EMBERIZA SCHOENICULUS, REED SPARROW. v - PASSERES» GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill conic; mandibles receding from pals other fram the bafe downwards, the lower with the fides narrowed in, the upper part with a callofity or hard knob within. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Head black ; body grey and black; outmoft tail-feathers with a white cuneate f{pot. | | EmMBERIZA SCHENICLUS: capite nigro, corpore prifeo nigroque, r reCtriubus extimis alba cuneiformi. Linn. Fn. Succ. 231.—Syf. 1.311. 11.—Gmel. Syft. Nat, 1. p. 881. Briinn. Orn. n. 2e 251 Miller. PEATE CUM Miller. n. 254. Nozem. nederl, Vogel. 1. 44« Georg. it. p. 114. Emberiza capite nigro, maxillis rufis, torque albo, corpore rufo nigricante. Linn. Fa. Suec. 1. n. 211. Kram, El. p. 37. ibe” Hortulanus arundinaceus. Bri/s. av. 3. p- 274. 1.5. Paffer arundinaceus. Gefn. av. 652. Pafler torquatus f{. arundinceus. Raii, Syn. p. 93, A. 3.—Will. p. 196. Emerling Gunth. Nef. u. Ey. t. V1. Ortolan de rofeaux. Buff. hift. nat. 4. ~. $15.—Pl. Enl. 247. 2. | (male) 477, 2. (female.) ReEep BunTine: Brit. Zool. n. 120.—Aré. Zool. 2. p. 368. E: —Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. p. 113. 9.—Suppl. p. 157. Greater Reed Sparrow. Ray. av. p. 93. 3.—/Will. Orn. p. 269. Abin av. 2. t. 51. The Reed Bunting is a local bird: an inhabitant chiefly of marfhes that abound in reeds: thefe, with the willow and other trees that grow in watery places, are its favourite haunts, from the neighbour- hood of which it is obferved to wander over the adjacent cultivated | places during the day time, and returning again to its neftling places in the marfhes before night, at leaft during the feafon of incubation, Thefe birds fly low, feldom perching, except in hedges, or low bufhes : their ufual food confifts of grain of all kinds, corn efpeci- ally, and infects generally. The fruit of the reed in particular af- 7 | fords PRA PE CLI fords it lore of palatable food during part of the year without thie trouble ‘of fearch beyond its ordinary places of refort. The Reed Bunting never affociates in large flocks, feldom more than fix or eight together ; they frequent the fame {pots as the Sedge Warbler, and it is imagined by fome late writers that the fine melodious note attributed to the Reed Bunting belongs to the former bird. As the Reed Bunting, though a timorous bird, is lefs fhy than the Reed Warbler, we can eafily conceive a miftake of this kind might have arifen, when both fhould happen to be in the fame bed of rufhes, the one concealed, the other confpicuous to the view of the liftener ; the fong of the Warbler concealed might, under fuch peculiar cir- cumftances, ftrike upon the ear, and be miftaken for that of the Reed Bunting. The note of the Reed Bunting, according to Mr. Montagu, confiiis only of two notes, the firft three or four times repeated, the laft fingle and more fharp. Thefe birds form their neft of the dry ftalks of grafs, fome- times with an intermixture of mofs, and line it with various fubftances of a foft and light texture, fuch as the down of the reed, horfe hair, and, in fome inftances, it has been known to employ for this purpofe the hair of the calf. The neft is ufually placed among the rufhes, or in a low bufh, and not always impending over the water. The eggs are of a dirty blueifh white, marked with veins of purplifh brown, which are moft con{picuous at the larger end. This bird inhabits northern Europe, as far as Sweden, Rufha and Siberia: towards the fouth it extends no further than Italy, Nous VIL, FE where PLAT EB CLM. : where it is efteemed very rare. It is uncertain whether they | migrate or not from the country, many are known to remain with us throughout the year. PLATE ae Ye ws ee é PLATE CLIV. CERTHIA FAMILIARIS. COMMON CREEPER | OR TREE CREEPER. PICA, GENERIC CHARACTER, Bill arched, flender, fomewhat triangular, pointed : tongue varie ous, feet formed for climbing. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Grey, beneath white: quill feathers brown, ten of them with a white fpot. CERTHIA FAMILIARIS: grifea, fubtus alba, remigibus fufcis, de- cem macula alba. Linn. Syft. Nat. 1. p, 184. 1. —Fn. Suec. n. 106.—Gmel. Linn. Syft. 1. p. 469. Lath. Ind. Orn, T. 1. 280. F 2 CERTHIA PLA TE CLIYs CERTHIA MINOR. Frifch. t. 39. Certuia. Raii Syn. pe 47. a. 5.—Will. Orn. p. 100. t. 230 Falcinellus arboreus noftras, Klein. Av. p- 106. 1. Hfpida cauda rigida, Kramer El. p. 337. 2. Picchio, Piccolo, Zinnan. Uov. p. 75. te ile j. 66. Common Creeper, Br. Zool. 1. No. 92. t. 39.—Lath. Gen. Syn. QB. p. 701.—Id. Sup. p. 126. 2 PSE Re anatase ns Of the many {pecies contained in the Genus Certhia, this is per- haps the only one that can be introduced with implicit confidence among the feries of Britifh Birds. There is another, Certhia Mura- ria, or Wall-Creeper, an European bird of very uncommon fcarcity, and no lefs remarkable for its richly varied plumage of black and crim- fon, which has obtained a place in the Britifh Fauna, on the authority of a zealous colle€tor, and from refpeét to that authority it cannot be amifs, in the prefent inftance, to flate the circumftance. It muft be neverthelefs acknowledged, that there is no-very fatisfaftory evidence of its being Britifh, and, therefore, at leaft, for the prefent, the Certhia familiar is isto be confidered as the only well authenticated {pecies of its genus found in Britain*. * Dr, Latham alludes to the prevalence of this opinion in the following obfervation on Certhia muraria. ‘© Buffon does not rank it asa bird of France; and I will venture to fay that it was never found in England whoever may affert to the contrary.” Synop. V, 2. p- 1-730. As there is no precife reference to the information on which this general opi- nion refted at that time, we cannot pretend to fay whether the late opinion of its being Britith might be derived from the fame fource of authority or not. Yet under all its cire cumftances one fa@t is certain that Certhia Muraria has been confidered as a Britith bird, hewever queftionable maybe the authority on which it rcftse The Bea TE: CLIV. The habits of the Common Tree-Creeper refemble thofe of its congeners : it fubfifts on infe&ts which it colleés on trees, and in ueft of which this little bird is obferved running up and down the trunks of trees, fearching among the mofs or pecking into the cre vices. The moment it perceives itfelf watched, it turns to the oppofite fide of the tree, and refts quiet and concealed: and fhould the obferver follow it to that fide, it again fhifts its pofition fo as conftantly to conceal itfelf on the fide oppofite the fpectator. They breed in the hollows of trees, forming their neft in a conveni- ent recefs which they line with dried vegetables, fragments of light rotten wood and a few feathers. Their eggs, from fix to eight in number are white powdered or fpeckled with ferruginous. This bird is an inhabitant of Afia and America, as well as Europe, and is faid to be no where more abundant than in this country. With us it is a refident throughout the year. Its note is weak and monoe tenous. 3 OL “ate Yo Stout alditellon Yoqnar tv meananeigle tie ‘ ) ‘ing hy hae t > ie atauss le ee Bisa Url ne ee ‘fin ; 1S Pevee: _~ BAY RW by 1. PRICED Sy oe eal gi el y' j f 7 : é Ps ey. Ea. Sep z + ] ¥ ie ya ist 4 : ob, ¥ Th ‘ : a ee cy WARE OPES Dee W as rs ) aa oe ‘ SOAs - iL . ' om ‘ ~ ‘ r eo es : : - am - P : Pl rok Ree Ga | Ae ¢ ¥ > aa = if N fi eye n P ' yn af ee . vv a F . 4 a te divin Code. oe tales lees a ciewiy . oe Eas ‘. — bs ? E> pe h ' ( _ rl ‘ ; Poe ae er ee eT ee CHS ke Herts easy Bag Set JS: 9's BANS? aS > ae Phe bi 0 y Mem . f 3 ex : & Aa i ee Vee 3 ; as Sa Os +3 i : = <6 oP J HT 7 7 4 ; \ , > ¥ C—O i ce Peery) 4 ie POTN. -, ihn i ; ied Vu = yt 7 > i = a _— a WU ~ ait wad tp tue | ace Me ru he gamer eae oy hae (hee eM ht sc a a bae Le iL re q le i - 2 : 2 Ba : jis ) om Bs ; ae : we ns _-s i6s . ; i 'Y : 7 j seh aes wikia CASPAR Se Be Ay fad a f re pe! tag pet 7 ayes. F 5 . . : > A ca , ‘ 7 F & - ; f ie Les ae y 7 - 4 7 nC c ' eS ; Mi . J a “ae ; 7 : p : = 5g PrN , a i Pew mu 4 Vig i) PLATE CLV. FRINGILLA DOMESTICA. HOUSE SPARROW. PASsERES, GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill conic, ftraight and pointed, ij SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Quill and tail feathers brown ; body grey and black ; wings with a fingle white band. | FRINGILLA DoMESTICA: remigibus reétricibufque fufcis, cor- } pore grifeo nigroque, fafcia alarum alba folita- ria. Linn. Fn. Suec. 242.—Gmel. Syft. L. pe 925.—Lath. Ind. Orn. T. 1. p. 1. 432. 1. Kramer El. p. 369. 10. Frifch. ts 8. Georgi. p. 1714. En. Arag. p. 87. Borowfk. Nat. 3. p. 144. 11h oP é Paffer PLAT E ;CLyv. Paffer domefticus. Razz Syn. p. 86. A. Will. Orn. p. 182. Brifs. Orn. 8. S ae. t. Scheff. El. t. 53. . Roman. Orn. 1. p. 99. t. 16. fc bs Paffer domeftica. Zinnan. Uoo, p.79.t. 11. f. 70. Olin. uc. te p. 42. Cetti uc. Sard. p. 204. Rauch-Sperling. Gunth. Neft. u. Ey. 1. 57. Le Moineau. Buff. 3. p. 474. 1. 29. fil. Houfe Sparrow. Will. Orn. p. 249. b. 44 Albin, \. t. 62. Br. Zosl, 2. p. 582. The Common Sparrow is worthy of particular obfervation for the fingular diverfity, we might almoft fay the beauty of its plumage ; the male bird efpecially. In the immediate vicinity of great towns, and cities, thefe familiar inmates of our houfe tops acquire an habi- tual footinefs from their conftant refidence about the fmoky flues of chimnies, the places to which they feem to refort for the fake of warmth; but in the country, where they are more hardy and cleanly, the fparrows exhibit a brightnels of colouring that renders their ap- pearance very different from thofe which refide in populous places. In its ordinary flate of plumage no bird can be more generally known than the common Sparrow-: there are however variations im which its appearance 1s more ambiguous, particularly thofe of the pied kinda PPA TR CLE, kind. Sparrows wholly white occur not very unfrequently : thofe alfo which are varied with white and dark brown or chefnut, or rufous, oc- cur occafionally, and fometimes the Sparrow is found entirely black. Among other extraordinary varieties of this bird, in our Mufeum, is one in which all the fore toes are double, fo that each foot is furnifhed with fix toesin front, the back toe which is fingle as ufual on one fide, is treble on the other, except which there is no material appearance of diftortion, every toe is diftinétly formed, and armed with its proper claw. Weare the more explicit in detailing the circumftances of this fingular bird as it prefents one of the moft remarkable varieties of the Sparrow we are acquainted with. ‘The Sparrow is proverbially abold and familiar bird, and feems ta evince fo far an attachment for man that it is obferved only in fuch places as are inhabited by the human race; andit is affuredly the leaft of all other birds, the {port of that cruelty and caprice this ‘“‘ terreftrial lord” is prone to exercife over the minor race of creatures. Sparrows are faid to be injurious to gardens, but wherever Sparrows hee been de- flroyed in any confiderable numbers, the fruits of our gardens, as the corn of our fields have fuffered infinitely greater mifchief from the hofts of infect depredators which thefe birds would have timely de- ftroyed. Sparrows therefore are ufeful, and are the natural and wel. come refident of the cottage, and to a certain extent may be ufeful al- so incities. Their general food confifts of infects, grain, and fruits of all kinds, befides which they will eat other animal food. The neft is often gauftrosted under the eaves, and other projections of houfes, in broken walls, dry gutters, and even the tops of chimnies: The eggs Vat. VII. G of PLA TED Ly. of the fparrow are well known; they are of a pale or afhen colour with numerous {poets and dots of brown. This bird is an inhabitant of Europe, Afia and Africa, fubject how- ever to fome trifling variation of plumage in different climates ; the male bird eonftantly darker, and the colours more diftinct than in the female. PLATE 156 PLAT © ORVE MOTACILLA HIPPOLAIS. LESSER PETTYCHAPS. PASSERES. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill fubulate, ftraight: the mandibles nearly equal: noftrils ob- ‘oval: tongue lacerated at the end. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SENON FMS. U Greesiticath, beneath yellowifh: abdomen filvery: limbs fuf- cous : eyebrows whitifh. MoTACILLA Hipporats: virefcente-cinerea fubtus flavefcens abdomine argenteo, artubus fufcis, fuperciliis albidis. Linn. Syft. Nat. I. p. 330. 7. Gmel. Syft. I. p. 954. Sytva Hippoxais. Lath. Gen. Syn. 4. p. 413.3 *.—=Ind. Orn. 507. 4. Ficedula oie Aldrovandi (Rettychaps) Rast Syn. p. 79. A. 7.— Will. p. 158.——Ind. Angl. p. 2160 G 2 | L.£SSER PLATE OCLVE Lesser PettycHars. Br. Zool. I. 149.—Aré. Zool. 11. p. 418; — Lath. Gen. Syn. 4. 414.—Lev. Mus. There can be no doubt this bird has been fometimes confounded with the Willow Wren, and that even by Englifh authors of refpe&- ability. The Willow Wren has. algeady obtained a place in this work, and the fpecimen delineated and defcribed was the individual bird of Dr. Latham’s colleGtion, now in our poffeffion. The ex- ample of the Leffer Pettychaps at prefent before us is no lefs well authenticated, as being the original bird found by the Duchels of Portland, at Bulftrode, and communicated by her grace to Sir Afh+ ton Lever. No one can, therefore, queftion, that upon the identity of two fpecies fo nearly analogous and yet diftin&t, we poffefs the beft authority that can be obtained, and are thus enabled to fpeak with confidence on a fubje€t which might otherwife remain involved in doubt. he Leffer Pettychaps is a very diminutive bird, the {malleft almoft, without exception, found in England. It is fuppofed to be rare; but is, perhaps, more abundant in this country, in the milder patts efpecially, than may be imagined ; though, from the fhynefs of its manners, it is not often feen. Asa migratory fpecies it is one ‘of our eatly {pring vifitors ; indeed fo early, that it is imagined, and with fome probability, ftragglers may remain with us throughout the winter when the weather is mild. Inftances of this mature oe- cur at leait in the warmer parts of Britain. Its note, which is a mere fwit, twit, or, as fome liken it, to the words chip chop, is heard PA TB VCLVIL heard fometimes as early as March. It feeds on infe&ts, which it takes occafionally on the wing ; and it is obferved to be moft frequent about plantations of firetrees. Dr. Latham defcribes the neft as being of an arched form, com- pofed of dry bents, mixed with a little mofs, and thickly lined with feathers: it is placed on the ground under a tuft of grafs, or at the bottom of a buff. The eggs, five in number, white and {prinkled all over with red fpots, efpecially at the largeft end. PLATE \ ' a : 4 es ' > ¢ . ‘ ‘ ‘ / a 4 ~ P ‘ 4 vane ie ‘ aa bw , da ys / Pp ame whe. : rye ; 4 OPED hay 7 157 PLA TP cLvit PHALAROPUS HYPERBOREUS. RED PHALAROPE. GRALLA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill roundith, ftraight, and ufually fomewhat inflefted at the top : noftrils minute: feet lobate, or furnifhed with lateral membranes, generally fcalloped. ; SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND * SYNONYMS. Cinereous beneath, rump and band on the wing white: breaft cinereous: neck at the fides ferruginous. / PHALAROPUS HypPERBOREUS. Lath. Ind. Orn. T. 2.775. 1.— ~.Gen. Syn. 5. p. 270. 1. Trinca HyperBorea. Cinereus, fubtus uropygio fafciaque alarum albis, pectore cinereo, colli lateribus fere rugineis. Linn. Syft. Nat. 1. p. 249. 9.—Fu. Suec. N° 119. Gmel Syft. 1. p.675. Faun. Groenl, N° 75 (mas). PHALAROPUS PuUAT EB CRVIE PHALAROPUS CINEREUS. SBrif.6. p. 15. 2. Cock Coot-footed Tringa. Edw. t. 143. Red Phalarope. By. Zool 2.n. 219. 17.—Lath. Gen. Syn.5. 270. 1. TRINGA Furicania. Lenn. Syft. 1. p. 616. 6. (fem.) There are certain birds which it is well known to the experienced Ornithologifl, exhibit at the two remote periods of the year the win- ter and the fummer, a moft flriking difference in their appearance, and this indeed fo very confiderable in certain inftances as to mif- guide the beit informed, if they have not the good fortune to afcer- tain the fame bird under both the circumftances of the winter and fummer plumage. 7 4 Oo Befides thefe very prominent varieties in which the diftin@tions are flrongly marked, there are intermediate tranfitions which denote the progreffive advancement of one flate of plumage to the other, and thefe are fometimes no lefs ambiguous, or lefs calculated to miflead. Thefe remarks will apply generally to all birds which inhabit equally the cold and warmer climates; to the whole of the fandpiper tribe in a particular manner, and as may be conceived to the varieties of that fe€tion which are denominated Phalaropes, the natural order to which the bird before us appertains. This birdfappears to conftitute one of thofe ambiguous varieties, but which is probably ambiguous in its firft appearance only, for with a little caution it may eafily be reduced we think to its legitimate {pecies 3 PLATE CLVII: fpecies : there can be no doubt in our mind that it is no other than a very pretty and interefting variety of thé bird already defcribed by writers under the title of the Red Phalarope; a variety, the effect of feafon merely, and not entitled as fome confider it to the appellation of the “© New Red Phalarope.”” The Red Phalarope in its ordinary ftate of plumage, is by no means common in Britain; it is better known to the nore northern naturalifls, as it is an inhabitant of the regions more approximating to the polar circle, and is defcribed by Linnzus under the title of Tringa hyperborea, Later authors have determined the Linnean Tringa hyperborea, and Tringa fulicaria to be the two fexes of the fame fpecies, which opi- : nion has been in its turn amended by fubfequent refearch, the refult of which has proved the exiftence of two fexes in both fulicaria and hyperborea. Dr. Latham was led to believe them to be the two fexes of one {pecies. 7 The very fingular ftru€ture of the feet in the Phalaropes render them particularly curious, befides which their plumage generally is yery pleafingly diverfified ; there is an unufual delicacy in that of the Grey Phalarope, and the Red Phalarope in point of gaiety com- penfates for the minor defect of being lefs chafte in its colours and variegations than its very analogous {pecies. There is fome account extant, that the Red and Grey Phalaropes have been fhot in Yorkfhire, and it was concluded on this- or fimilar authority, that they were the two fexes of the fame fpecies, an Opinion, as before obferved, which has been fince removed by the mokt cogent of all evidence, the demonftration of anatomical invefti= gation. Vo Le VIL. H Eefides PYL‘AID Ei CHAVAT: Befides thefe two birds, Dr. Latham defcribes a third kind frori the Bankfian colle&tion, found far northward between Afia and Africa, the particulars of which appear in the fifth velume of the Synopfis, and a figure of it in the frontifpiece of that volume. This he defcribes as a variety of the Red Phalarope (fem) inthe Synopfis, and the fame opinion js retained in his fubfequent work (Ind. Orn.) it is this variety which accords more nearly with the bird before us than any that has been defcribed to that period. We have been long in poffeffion of this bird in our own colleétion of Britifh birds, and have given it fufficient publicity ; neverthelefs it was confidered among collectors as a new bird. In the year 1807, a communication appeared in the eighth volume of the Tranfaétions of the Linnzan Society, from the pen of Mr. Simmonds, F.L.S. and in this paper, befides other ufeful information, will be found a general defcription of the fame variety. Mr. Simmonds conceiving it might be fpecifically different from the variety of Dr. Latham’s lait defcribed, propofed to give it the name Phalaropus Wilhami{ii, in compliment to his friend Mr. J. Wil- liams of Dartford: to this there could be no objegtion, excepting only that it does not appear to be diflin@, and would therefore only create confufion fhould it be defcribed under any other than its ori-_ ginal denomination. Thefe birds were found at the edge of two or three frefh water lakes in Sanda and North Ronalfha, the two moft northern of the Orkney iflands: in the ftomachs of feveral were found the remains of Monoculi and Onifci. We poffefs the egg which Mr. Simmonds feems to be unacquainted with, as he exprefies his Pua TE CLVIT, his regret that the fearch after the nefts was not attended with the defired fuccefs, and refpecting the eggs he is entirely filent. The egg is of an olivaceous colour, mottled with dots and fplafhes of blackifh. Mr. Simmonds finally remarks, that as none of the inha- bitants had obferved them before, they had no provincial name: the bird has been fince difcovered in the breeding feafon in fome plenty among the iflands, from which we may conclude, that although they had efcaped the pofitive obfervation of the natives, we are not to regard their appearance at that time as a recent or accidental vifi- tation. Upon acomparifon of the Red with the Grey Phalarope it will be found, that independently of other differences, the form of the bill affords a diftinétion between the two birds, by which they may be readily determined; in the Grey Phalarope the bill is ftouter, rather more compreffed, and broader; in the red kind it is weaker, the tip pointed and a little bent. It has been urged againft this dif- tinction, which appears to us fatisfa€tory that by improper treatment in the drying and preparation of the bird in the hands of an inju- dicious preferver, thefe characters may be fo far difguifed by par- tial contractions as to be no longer worthy of dependence; an argu- ment in our opinion of little weight, fince it will apply equally to the diftin€tions drawn from the charatteriftic form of the bill in every other bird as well as this. The variety we have figured is of the fame fize as the red Phalarope of other authors, and meafures in length feven inches. 2 ot) ‘ mS hye i * ¥ Mog ‘ . J ! ' ea of scones Hing or ark oe TALS. rise Saas ier aid sree aes oat rt ‘ 2, ™ bee 4 r x h Fhe } \ Peas! 7 eu ees bane S) > VE Re Re “eo ¥E é Va ‘sovelt anne ay td an Vy Siete his than ies Aaiieet? PLATE CLVIII. HIRUNDO RUSTICA. SWALLOW. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill fmall, weak, curved, and awl fhaped, with the bafe depreffed ; gape larger than the head; tongue fhort, broad, cleft; wings long: tail in general forked, SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONY MS. Blueifh black ; beneath white, front and chin chefnut : tail fea- thers, except the two middle ones, with a white {pot. Hirunpo Rusrica;: nigro-cerulefcens fubtus albida, fronte gulaque caftaneis, reétricibus lateralibus macula alba notatis. Lath. Gen. Syft. 2. 572. 1. Hirunpo Rustica: rettricibus, exceptis duabus intermediis, macula alba notatis. Linn. Fn Suec. 270.— Gel. Syft. Nat. 1. p. 1015.—Scop. Ann. i. N® 249.— Brun. N° 289. Kram. El. p. 380. l= Georgi. p. 175.—F rifch. t. 18.—Klein. Av. p. 82 2.—Scheff. El. Orn. t. 40. HiIRUNDO P'LvA TE CLVITE Hrrunvo Domestica. Raz Syn. p. 71. A. 1—Will, Orn. pe 155. t. 39.— Brifs. it. p. 486. 1.—Zd, $vo. 1, |B B46 Hirondelle de Cheminée. ‘Buf 6. p. 591. 15. f. 6.— Pl. Enl. 543. ae Schwalbe, Gunth. p. 62. te 15. Rondine Minore, Zinnan, Uov..p. 48.07. fi 35. CuimNney SwALiLow, or Common Swattow. Phil. Tranf. ‘SY. p. 459.—Id. 53. p. 101.—ld. 65. p. 528, 3843. Br. Zool. 1. N° 168. t. 58.—Aré&. Zool. #4 N° 880.2 AB OAS: The habits arid manners ‘of the Swallow are fo well known, as render much general information unneceflary. They occur in almoft every part of the globe at different periods of the year, and are alfo found in great plenty in America. They vifit England in immenfe flights about the latter ene o£ March, and as invariably collect in amazing numbers in September, taking at that time their departure for warmer climates to avoid the rigour of our approaching winter. The Swallow ufually builds its neft, which is compofed of mud, mixed with flraw or hair, and lined with feathers, in the walls of ehimnies, or under the projetting ridges of the roofs of houfes, ehurches, and fometimes trees: we poffefs a neft with the eggs, built in the hollow of a conch-fhell as it laid in the garden of Sir Adhton Lever, at Arlington, in Lancafhire. The Pap AT EE. CLV IF. The Swallows of our cities, blackened and difcoloured with the fwarthy vapours of our chimnies exhibit an appearance only of footy blacknefs, varied with fpots of a dingy white. When in a high ftate of plumage the Swallow is really a very beautiful bird, the black being of a jetty blacknefs, finely gloffed with fhining blue, partaking in different lights of purple and azure, and the white of unfullied purity; the front and chin a rich brown inclining to chefnut. Varieties of the Swallow wholly white, occur occafionally, and are not more uncommon than the white varieties of the common birds in general. The Swallow is fix inches in length: it has two | broods in a year; the eggs from four to fix in number, of a white ‘colour, and fpeckled with reddifh. Its chief fubfiftence confifts of infects, PLATE r ‘ ' ‘ « i ry x oh | fy be ay t jo a Ay, 1 ’ ay (har tw mw S rity Loa : fees a ren rs 459 ~ PLA Te BacChix, TRINGA ALPINA. ALPINE SANDPIPER, OR, DUNLIN. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill roundifh, and as long as the head: noftrils {mall and linear : tongue flender: feet four toed, the pofterior toe of one joint, and raifed from the ground. SPECVrI GC CHAK ACT ER AND SYNONYMS. Brown teflaceous: breaft blackifh: tail feathers whitifh afh: legs brownith. TRINGA ALPINA: teflaceo-fufca, peétore nigricante, re¢ctricibus cinereo-albidis, pedibus fufcefcentibus. Linz. Fn. Suec. 180. Linn. Syft. 1. pf. 949% 11, Gmel. Syft. 1. p. 6716. WOOL. Vi, I | Faber: PLA TE +GGIx! Fabr. Fn. Groenl. n. 17. Frifchav. t, 241. Cincius Toraquatus. Brifs. 5. p.216. 2.11.4. 19.f. 2. GaLLInaGo ANGLICANA, Le becaffine d’Angleterre. Brif. 5. p. 3095. Le Cinc ie. Buff. 1. p. 553.—Pi, Enl. 852. La BRuNETTE. Buff. 7. p, 493. Dunuin. Ray Syn. p. 109 A. 11.—Will. Orn. 305. Brit. Zool. No 205. Lath. Gen. Syn. 5. p. 185. 33.—THd. Suppl. p. 249.—Tringa Alpina, Ind. Orn. 136. 37. A fcarce Britifh bird, found as the name implies, chiefly in Alpine fituations. It occurs in Afia and America as well as Europe. Length between nine and ten inches. PLATE mL ‘aut F eet 4 if 18) Pils A iT, gle. SCOLOPAX RUFA. RUFOUS GODWIT., _GRALLA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill roundifh, obtufe, longer than the head: noftrils linear: face covered; feet four toed: hind toe confifting of many joints. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Ferruginous rufous: head, and back of the neck dafhel with black: wings cinereous, the feathers white at the edges: tail barred alternately with white and dufky. Scotopax Hupsonica var? Lath. Gen. Syn. Suppl. p. 246— Ind. Orn, 120. 20. There is much reafon for prefuming that this bird, though not till very lately, introduced to the acquaintance of the more expe- a rienced Ornithologilt, is by no means to be confidered as a recent J 2 acquifition PLA; Be Clix acquifition to the Britifh Fauna. The bird has very probably long exifted in fome collegtions of the country, which from their privacy have remained unknown, and where it has been perhaps confidered as the Red Godwit, or a mere variety of that rare and interefting fpecies. This conjecture is rendered more than probable from various lecal circumftances within our knowledge which are not material to repeat. It was not, however, till within the laft four or five years that this bird has appeared to be correétly known as a Britifh {pecies ; when befides the difcovery of a few birds in different parts of the country which fell by accident into the hands of curious {porting gentlemen, fome few were captured by the fowlers, and brought: for fale to the London market. Thhefe, very fortunately for the gra- tification of the Englifh colle&tors, were purchafed by a dealer in London *, and we believe that moft of the London colleétions at Jeaft, were fupplied with examples of this curious bird from that accidental fource and circumftance. The impreffion that ftruck our mind upon the firft view of this bird was the very ftrong affinity it bore to the Scolopax Hudfonica of Dr. Latham, which we had feen fome vears before, and fubfe- quent refle€tion does not feem to leffen the fimilitude in our ideas. We lament fincerely on this account that the means of comparifon are too remote either to eftablifh or to remove conje€ture, for the individue! fpecimen defcribed by Dr. Latham, under the name of err tM Stree ete * Mr. Corbet. Scolopax PLATE CEX., Scolopax Hudfonica exifts no longer in the country; we faw it for the laft time in the poffeffion of an intelligent German naturalift *, the day previous to its departure for the Imperial cabinet at Vienna about twelve years ago. We have no notes upon the fubject, but fo far as memory can be relied upon, the fize and general afpe& could not be materially different, with the exception only of the tail, which was black and white, but not difpofed in alternate bands as in the prefent bird; the bafe was white and the pofterior half, or rather more, black without bands. But for this latter circumftance we fhould have little hefitation in believing them the fame fpecies ; nor are we yet entirely fatisfied that the diftin@ions which do exift fhould be attributed to any other caufe than a difference in the fate of plu- mage arifing from the effect of climate. We have feen this bird placed in the arrangement of Britifh birds, under the name of Scolopax Noveboracenfis, and generally {peaking, it has obtained the name of Red-breafted Snipe, and Red Godwit : with refpect to the latter it is exceptionable, becaufe it may poflibly lead to fome confufion between this kind and the bird already known under the fame Englifh appellation. As to its analogy with the {pecies defcribed under the name of Noveboracenfis we muft confefs we cannot perceive it ; nor fhall we venture to place it in our lift of fynonyms, with the mark of doubt, allowing even for the imperfeét accounts we happen to poffefs of the latter bird. The length of this bird is between fifteen and fixteen inches. * Mr. Leopold Fichtel, PLATE Pe An 2 4 ‘ 7 i a : : ee j ARM se - gyeiy Fadia heey uy wat en site - wees Gl ‘A hal aw et meee, Oke ‘ RRS 5 Hit a1 bP ae | & 2a rr ys nab SSS TEE KORE) ae 5 - eee os ' c + e co poe Fees - byork pees mg ot “ ae © ~w K e uves Gt DHae iv B 3 Li Gade? 7h iy peer ee OY rapa me Sat De : - i .: : K i 2 : ¥ ' » od qroaont oe : he ee eae pete al Ape tm 89 aor aresd é ae ‘ 4 i si ee ye ae Pe Ty OT eee ae a at Re tact Hea mm enettien oe coreg eleges ia Ath goat Sy ues 61 ‘ ! PLAT # -CLXxT. EMBERIZA CIRLUS. CIRL BUNTING. PASSERES. GENERIC CHARACTHR. Bill conic: mandibles receding from each other from the bafe downwards, the lower with the fides narrowed in, the upper with a hard knob within. : SPECIFIC CHARACTER : AND SYNONYMS. Above brown, varied: beneath yellowifh, breaft fpotted: eye- _brows pale yellow : two outmoft tail feathers with a white cuneated Spot. EmperizA Cirius: fufca, pe€tore maculato, fuperciliis luteis, reCtricibus duabus extimis macula alba cuneata. Gmel. Linn. Syft. Nat. T. 1. p. 2. n. 879. EMBERIZA CIRLUS: fupra varia, fubtus lutea, pe€tore maculato, fuperciliis luteis, reGtricibus duabus, extimis macula alba cuneata. Lath. Ind. Orn. T.1. p. 1. p. 401. EMBERIZA SePIARIA. Bri/s. 3.263. 2. Le PLA T2, €LAI. Le Bruant Laye, Buff. 4. p. 347.—Pl. Enl. 653. fu 1, 2 Cini Buntine. Lath. Syn: 3. p. 190.2 B. The Cirl Bunting is a bird not very uncommon in various coun- tries of the fouth of Europe, but which till a very late period, remained unknown as an inhabitant of this country. With us it feems to be very local, and confined exclufively to the moft fouthern diftri€ts, From its clofe affinity to the Yellow Bunting, or as it is more ufually called the Yellow Hammer, it may be eafily miftaken by the fuperficial obferver for that fpecies. It is, neverthelefs, diftinét. The natural food of this bird confifts of worms and infeéts as well as the feeds of various plants. Length fix inches and a half. PLATE i f ‘ Py ata (fe eg ith 162 PLAT BOL xil: TRINGILLA LINARIA 8, TWITE. PASSE ey GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill conic, ftraight and pointed. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Above varied, beneath reddifh, abdomen whitifh: eye-brows and band on the wings pale rufous: crown and rump red. PRINGILLA Linartia: fupra varia, fubtus rufefcens, abdomine albido, fuperciliis fafciaque alarum rufefcentibus, vertice uropygioque rubris. Lath. Ind. Orn. 459. 85. Twits. Albin. 3.t. 14. — Lev. Muff. TT ne ETT The Twite was formerly confidered as a variety of the mountain Linnet *, and at a later period has been placed with doubt as a variety * The Mountain Linnet itfelf has borne fucceflively the fpecific names piplans and ‘montium. VoL. VII. K of PLAT ©) Okie of the Ieffler Linnet. We are aware that much confufion has, and fill continues to prevail among the Linnet tribe, we can however venture to {peak precifely as to the bird before us being the Twite of the Leverian Mufeum, and therefore the individual bird defcribed by Dr. Latham and feveral other writers under the appellation of the. J Twite: it pafled immediately from that colleG&tion into our poffeflion. The length of this bird is four inches and a half. The red colour of the rump is generally confidered as a decifive character of the T wite, 4 PLATE iy a I hak 103 Ee A TF GP xilt. ANAS HISTRIONICA: HARLEQUIN DUCK: ANSERES. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill convex, obtufe, the edges divided into laméllate teeth : tongue fringed and obtufe: three fore toes connected, the hind one folitary. SPECIFIC CHARACTER ~ AND SYNONYMS. Varied fufcous blue and white; ears, double line on the temples, | collar, and pe€toral band white (male). Grey, ezrs white: primary quill feathers blackith. Mas. Anas HISTRIONICA:? fufco albo ceruleoque varia, auribus, tem- poribus linea gemina, collari fafciaque pe€tora li albis. abr. Fn. Groenl. n. 46. Anas HistRionica. Linn. Sift. 1. p. 204, 35.—Gmel. Sy. 1. K 2 fp. 534,—— PLA TIE CRA p. 534.—Brun. N° 84, 85.—Phil. Tranf. 62. p.411.—Frifch. t. 157.—Faun. Amer. p. 16. Anas torquata ex infula terre nove. Bri/s. 6.p. 362. 14. Anas Brimond, Olaf. Ill 2. t. 34. Le Canard a Collier de terre neuve, Buff. ix. p. 250.—PI. Enl. 798. Stonk Duck. Hift. Kamtfch. p.160.—Dusky AND SPOTTED Duck. Edw. av. t.99.—HARLEQUIN DUCK. Ar&. Zool, 2. N° 490.—Lath. Syn. 6. p. 485. 8.—Ind. Orn. 849.45. FEM. AnAs Minura: fufca (vel grifea) auribus albis, remigibus pri- moribus nigricantibus. abr. Faun. Groenl. n. 46.—Brun. Orn. n. 86.—Linn. Syft. 1. py 204. 86.—Gimel, Syfl. 1. p. 534, | | Querquedula freti Hudfonis. brifs. 6. p. 469. 41.—Id. 8vo. 11. p. 488. Le Canard brun, et le Canard brun et blanc. Buff ix. p. 253.— Pi-Enl., 1607. La Sarcelle brune et blanc. Buff: ix. p. 287.—Pi. Enl. 799. Little brown and white Duck. Edw. t. 157. Cal. Coral. £198. HarcLeauin Duck. (female) Lath. Syn. 6. p. 485. 38. ee TT ce It is fome years fmce the Harlequin Duck was firft introduced among collectors as a bird appertaining to the Britifh Fauna; and fifteen years bave at leat elapfed fince we became poffeffed of the 3 {pecimen ° PLAT EB OCLXAIIY. fpecimen which is figured in the annexed plate: during the whole of. that period we underftand that it has been only found occafionally perhaps to the amount of three or four {pecimens at the utmoft, and hence we may conclude, that it ranks among the rarer {pecies of the Duck tribe found in this country. As is frequently the cafe with birds the two fexes of which differ very materially in plumage, the male and female of this bird hag, been confidered as diftin€t fpecies. The figure of the male which is fhewn in our plate may fuperfede the neceflity of any particular defcription of that fex, except with refpect to fize, which corref- ponds with that of the common wigeon, and is about feventeen, inches in length. The female is lefs by three inches; very little exceeding in length thirteen inches: the general colour grey ; forehead and between the eye white: lower part of the breaft and belly barred with pale rufous and white, and the lower part, together with the thighs rufous and brown: quills, tail and legs dufky. The fpecies inhabits all the northern parts of Europe and America, retiring a little to the fouthward as the winter become intenfely fevere. Its chief food confifts of the vat variety of teflaceous ani- mals, with which the waters of all the northern lakes and rivers abound, and efpecially the innumerable hoft of gnats and other aquatic infeéts which are there produced in numbers beyond all can- ception during the fhort period of the polar fummer. PLA TE Aa ¥ Me ee atc By te io SRA Ate ei oe Bem jh Hn ba 164 PLA TE: :CEXIV, PARUS PALUSTRIS. MARSH TITMOUSE. PASSERES. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill very entire, narrow and fomewhat compreffed ; firong, hard, pointed and covered at the bafe with briftles: tongue truncated, briftly at the end; toes divided to the origin, the pofterior one large and firong. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Head black; back cinereous; temples white. Parus PALUSTRIS: capite nigro, dorfo cinereo, temporibus albis. Linn. Syft. 1. p. 341. 8.—Faun. Suec. N° 269. Gmnel. Syft. Nat. 1. p. 1009.—Lath. Gen. Syn. 4. p. 541. 8.—Ind. Orn. 565. 9. Marsu TirMouss, or Brack Cap, Albin. 3. ¢. 58. f. 1. oH: a eee ae Allied PLATE CLXIV. Allied to the Colemoufe, and has been confidered as no other probably than a variety of that bird. This like the reft of its tribe, is a moft prolific bird laying a vaft number of eggs, and hatching frequently. Its fize is that of the Colemoufe : the length four inches, Authors defcribe it as an inhabitant of northern Europe, Dr. Latham defcribes it as being fond of bees, PLATE Pay ios if 4 AY 2 Ay yP ‘ ary iy ea : ; ual the aD Pie , 0 ' i" § se ———t BLA ToB.: GLXV. | STRIX PULCHELLA. - vEy% i (pag i {* i ye ie : » i bs N | 4 A Peans a ; LR af wr, Mi . + ee ae Pag H wa GEN} Rely Ges re ae rte 34 mse Ay is ; ‘ ri } ‘ 7 © ie pr s Wik be pr a Bill, hsnbedl’s cm no cere: n oftrils ee vered with briftly ta py: j a Tack (i ea ae y o on A bs, fi, we WAN fede ‘ oa Se 5 a oy ( AND i ia 3 s YNo NY MS, aS Head eared: body were and ae ae Ra and waved recumbent feathers : : head, a Be e) te i gue bifid. é - with rufty and black, and Yaried with white {pots : beneath whitith. STRIx PuLtcHELLa. Pallas. It. 1. p. 456. 8.—Lepech. ft. 11. te 4.—Nov. Com. A&. Petrop. Val. 15. p. 490. ¢. 26, PB 1. wut Sas P 7 . , Strix PULCHELLA: minima, capite aurito, corpore pulveratim cinereo-undulato fubtus albido, alis fafciato-pul- Vou. VII. L veratis, PLATE CEAY: veratis, litura ad nares alba. Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. ‘ae ns Boe SIBERIAN EARBD Ow t. Lath, Gen. Syn. 1. p. 130. 16. te5efi le A fpecimen of this elegant bird bas been in our poffeffion for a confiderable period, and as our Mufeum of natural hiftory in which it is contained was allowed to remain open to general infpection for the fpace of fome years, we conceive the bird muft have obtained every requifite publicity to entitle us to the credit, if there be any due, of having firft introduced it to the notice of our country asa Britifh bird. Some of our Ornithologifts have placed this bird in their arrange- ments as a new Britifh fpecies under the f{pecific name of Scops, believing it to be the fame kind with Je petit due of Buffon, a bird found in France, and the fouth of Europe, and diftinguifhed by Gmelin under the name of Scops. We are ever unwilling to differ from our cotemporary colletors, and would not on any very trivial -occafion be inclined to exprefs our diflent to what appears an efta- blifhed notion, but in the prefent inftance there really appears to us the exiftence of an error material to be corrected. The bird before us is affuredly not the Gmelinian Scops: we have ever confidered it as the Strix Pulchella defcribed by Dr. Pallas, and have little hefi- tation in conceiving on a more attentive inveitigation the opinion of thofe who think the contrary will gradually yield to ours. With PLATE CLXV. With refpeé&t to the general hiftory of this curious bird our knowledge is very circumfcribed: to the beft of our information it was fhot in Yorkfhire a few years ago. It is unqueftionably one of the moft elegant of the Owl tribe: its length is fcarcely more than fix or feven inches. (PLATS PLA TPE CLRVI. ANAS MARILA. SCAUP DUCK. ANSERES. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill convex, obtufe, the edges diyided into lamellate teeth; tongue fringed, obtufe: three fore toes connected, the pofterior one folitary. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Black: fhoulders waved cinereous: belly and fpot on the wings white, male. Ferruginous brown, fpot on the wing abdomen, head: and ring at the bafe of the bill white, female. ANAS MariLa: nigra, humeris cinereo-undulatis, abdomine {pe- culoque alari albis. Mda/. AG. Angl. 62. p. 413. Gmel, 509. 8.—Fufco ferruginea, fpeculo alarum abdomine capitifque annulo ad roftri bafin albis ( Fem.) Lath. Ind. Orn. 853, 54. SCAUP PLAT EVCLAYVi: Scaup Duck. Will. Orn. p. 365. Ray. av. p. 142. A. 6. Lathe Syn. 3. 2. p. 500. n. 49. Sas ED ERIE OT AR et ER Length about twenty inches. The Scaup Duck is a general inhabitant of the colder regions, of Europe, the north of Afia and America: feeds chiefly on aquatic infefts and the teftaceous animals of the frefh waters, and migrates to warmer climates in winter. PLATE Wileaney ng my era HIG ee ry Day hot } Lins take elie HF PE Th “CL Ave. PEDICEPS HEBRIDICUS. BLACK-CHIN GREBE. ANSERES. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill firaight, acute, noftrils linear, lores naked: tongue fomewhat bifid: tail obfolete: legs compreffed with a double feries of denta- tions behind: toes furnifhed on eaeh fide with.a broad plain mem- brane, SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Head {mocth, body blackifh: belly cinereous intermixed with filvery: chin of the male black, throat ferruginous. CoLtymBus Heeripicus: capite levi, mento nigro, gutture | | ferrugineo, abdomine cinereo et argenteo. Gmel. Linn, Syft. Nat. T. 1. ps 2. 594. 28. Popicers HEBRIDICUS: nigricans, gula nigra, jugulo ferru- | gineo, : PLAT®: CLUXVI. gineo, abdomine cinereo argenteo vario. Lathe Gen. Syn. 5. 292. BLACK+CHIN GREBE. Penn. Br. Zool. 2. 227. f.79. a Ee I ED With the fingle exception of the Red-neck Grebe figured in the 6th volume of this work, -the bird before us may be efteemed the rareft of the tribe found in Britain; and none among the number which altogether includes feven kinds, can be confidered common, exclufive of the Dobchick, or little Grebe, which occurs in moft fenny places: The moft frequent of the larger kinds is the Crefted Grebe, and that is confined chiefly to the fens of Lincolnfhire, and two or three other parts of Britain. The black-chin Grebe, called alfo the Hebridal Grebe is almoft entirely confined to the waters of the ifland of Tirée, one of the Hebrides, and thence it has received the appellation of Hebridal Grebe. It is rather larger than the Little Grebe, and is in length about eleven inches. PLATE Josh wey & = ne | ie | $5 ay i iy \ i ae es Pi i my 4 We ‘ ‘ { { 4 ‘ ee i : vi t ' oe tail x, ' a ( ‘ \ ey (68 s ee PLATE CLXVIIL FRINGILLA LINOTA. COMMON GREY LINNET. PASSERES. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill conic, ftraight, and pointed. SPECIFIC CHARACTER | | AND SYNONYMS. Chefnut brown, beneath whitifh ; wings with a longitudinal white band: tail feathers each fide edged with white. | FrRiNGILLA Linota: fufca caftanea, fubtus albida, fafcia alarum longitudinali alba, re€tricibus nigris, marginibus undique albis. Gael. Linn. Syft. Nat. 1. p.916. Lath, Ind. Orn. 457. ComMON LINNET. } This ranks among the fong birds of Britain; itis very common in England and throughout Europe. It feeds on feeds, principally Vou, VIL M thofe PLAT E..CEAViIL thofe of the hemp, which it is obferved to peel before it eats. The rofy colour which appears confpicuous on the breaft of this bird denotes the male in full plumage, the female and young birds being deftitute of this diftinétion. The length of this bird is five inches. The eggs amounting in each neft to five in number are of a whitifh colour {potted with chefnut. PLATE yh Oe £6 yy) & ‘PLA Y HE CUXIX, SCOLOPAX PYGMAA. PIGMY CURLEW. GRALLA. Bill roundifh, obtufe, longer than the head: noftrils linear: face covered : feet four toed, hind toe confifting of many joints. SPECIFIC CHARACTER | AND SYNONYMS. Arched bill and legs black: body varied with ferruginous brown and white, beneath white. — 3 SCOLOPAx Pycm@a:: roflro arcuato pedibufque nigris, corpore ex ferrugineo, fufco et albo vario, fubtus albo. — Gmel. Syft. Nat. 655. 20. NuMENIus Pyemevs: fufco ferrugineo alboque variegatus, cor- pore fubtus uropygioque albo, remigibus rectri- cibufque exterioribus albo marginatis. Lath. Ind: Ore. T13.. 11. M 2 This PLA. Eel eIx. This may be confidered as a curious variety of that rare Britith bird called the Pigmy Curlew, or the Pigmy Sandpiper in the plu- mage it aflumes in autumn. It was obligingly communicated by Mr. Weighton: the bird was fhot by Mr, Lenard, at Holyavon, on the 26th of Auguft, 1812. PLATE 170 nce toe PLA TE CLXX. MUSCICAPA GRISOLA, SPOTTED FLY CATCHER. PASSERES. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill nearly triangular, notched each fide, bent in at the tip, and befet with briftles at the root: toes moftly divided to their origin. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Brownifh, beneath whitifh: neck longitudinally f{potted: vent — pale rufous. Muscicapa Grisoa: fubfufca, fubtus albicans, colli longitu. dinaliter maculato, criflo rufefcente. Gmel. Sy/t. Nat. 949. fp. 20. Gobe Mouche. Buff. Oif. 4. p. 517.4. 25. f. 2. SPOTTED Fry CaTcHeER. Lath. Syn, 2.1. p. 323. m 1. The PLAT EB OCLAx: The fpotted Fly-catcher is a bird of the migratory kind in Eng- jand, arriving in the fpring, and taking its departure in autumn. The length is between five and fix inches: it frequents gardens, and is obferved befides other fruits, to be particularly fond of cher- — ries. The eggs from four to five in number, are of a white colour fpotted with reddifh. PLATE. ae tee, CE esac PEATE CEXXI. VELVET DUCK: ANSERES. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill convex, obtufe, the edges divided into lamellate teeth: tongue fringed, Ree = arce fore toes con the pofterior one folitary. -§$ PECIFIC CHARACTER AND ‘SYNONYMS. . i Blick lower eyelid and {pot on the wing white. Anas Fusca: nigricans, palpebra inferiore, fpeculoque alarum albis. = Linn. Fn. Suec. 109. Gmel. Syft. Nat. e. S0T. 6: GRE Ack Duck. Ray. Orn. p. 141. 4, 4. Will. Orn side mt eet Pp: 363. t. 70. La "os aaead ot ye <4) ea Watvet Duck. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 2. p. 482. 1. 37. Allied to the Scoter Duck but is more rare. Length twenty inches. PLATE ° : * ' ar , i \ » “SSO ae x ‘ i t y wheat ! ie) Ade ey alan Gul LORIE \ 1 On ee FT tet fe) teres ) y ie f Wie : i ‘ / 1 } " ' } es CANS 4 s -¢ A fe et wan aD oe eae Ma 4 ; : ‘ “ y t : r ‘ « sh ra ’ ‘ , ‘ vi i Rice f t aay |! ¥ rf hae ae i is ny ‘ 1 : ras { tr 1 v ji VV y ; hy ve y 5 x Aj Sis F wae cGy y F it A } i ry * " Pas) - 1 70 ‘ 4 pee , i : jhe H ett rs nat be n ) i, Ld 4 ¥ ee are i 1% ’ Y PLATE CLXXI. TRINGA HYPOLEUCOS, | COMMON SANDPIPER. GRALLA: © GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill roundifh and as long as the head: noftrils {mall and linear? tongue flender: feet four toed, the poflerior toe of one joint, raifed from the ground. | SPECIFIC CHARA CTER AND SYNONYMS. Bill {mooth: legs livid; body cinereous with black ftripes, bes neath white. 3 7 Trinca Hyroreucus: roftro levi, pedibus, lividis, corpore cinereo lituris nigris, fubtus albo. Len. Fn. Suec. 181.—Gmel. Syft. Nat. 678. 14 CoMMON SANDPIPER. Lath. Syn. 5.178. Length feven inches and a half: lays its eggs in fand banks; thefe are four or five in number, and of a ditty yellowifh colour with pale {fpots. Inhabits Europe and America. Vo. VII. N INDEX Avior We ghnien | ; haw ay ‘ Ey a an Pepe ~ S ' f t YI | ; Ww J + | | ; ’ x ‘ \ i we , : , He d ¢ Ji i ‘ 4 » | \ = : ‘ \ \ iy | i Fe | ‘ eae en = é ‘ 1 ; * Df 4 j F b ‘ ee. : | | | mad | \ ¢ } | ‘ ’ fe * m — INDEX. tro VOL. VII. ARRANGEMENT ACCORDING TO THE SYS LEM. of bl NNUAL S, oa SET a ae I RE ORDER I. ACCIPITRES. Plate Strix PULCHELLA, SMALLER PENCILLED, OR sala 165 - RIAN Earep OwL. © 2 be ec RE oP Or DO EUR TT. PIC: Certura FAMILIARIS, TREE CREEPER ee - 154 OR DER U1. ANSERES. Anas Histrronica, Hartequin Duck ei? & 16s Anas Fusca, Vetvet Duck - a - my i a | Anas Marita, Scaur Duck - “4 - ue 166 Popvicers Hezripicus, BLacK-cHIN GREBE ~ 167 ORDER IN D.E &. ORDER IV: GRALLA. ScoLtopaAx Rura, Rurovus Gopwit = 2 — PycmM#a, Picmy CuRLEW yt Trinca HypoLeucos COMMON SANDPIPER -« TrincA ALPINA, ALPINE TRINGA, OR DUNLIN PHALAROPUS HyPERBOREUS, RED PHALAROPE ORDER V. PASSERES. EmBerizaA Ctrivus, Cir, BUNTING = " EMBERIZA SCHOENICULUS, REED SPARROW e- FRINGILLA DOMESTICA, SPARROW = = LINARIA, var TWITE' -« ° FrRinGILLA Linota, Common Grey LINNET MuscicaPa GrisoLa, SPOTTED FLy CATCHER MorTAcILLA ATRICAPILLA BLack CAP - MoTAcitLya Hippotais, Lesser Petty Craps MoTAciLLaA SIMPLEX, GREATER PETTY CHAPS MoTAcILttaA OENANTHE WHEAT EAR Parus PaLustris, MARsH TITMOUSE - CoLtuMBA ALBINOTATA SPOTTED-NECK TURTLE OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE ¢ oy tee Hirunpo Rustica, SwWALLow ° : Plate -« 160 - 169 - 172 =: S59 a 1ST » 161 ae «. toa ~ 162 - 168 - 170 - 152 - 156 - 150 » J51 - . Mes t 149 - 158 Vol; INDEX V OL. Vit. ARRANGEMENT ACCORDING TO LATHAM’s SYNOPSIS or BIRDS. DIVISION I, Lanp Birps, ORDER I. Rapacrovs. Plate Srrix PutcHerta; SMALLER PENCILLED, OR SIBE- } 165 RIAN EARED OwL 4 - - a ORDER II. Pica. CERTHIA FAMILIARIS, TREE CREEPER < e 154 ORDER III. PAssERINE. EMBERIZA CirRCLUS, C1RL BUNTING ® - 161 EMBERIZA SCHOENICULUS REED SPARROW = - 153 FRINGILLA DoMESTICA, SPARROW - . - 155 ——=~——— LINARIA, var TWITE Sh - - 162 — Linota, CoMMoN Grey LINNET - 168 Muscicapa GrisoL_a, SPOTTED FLy CATCHER - 170 MoTACcILLA ATRICAPILLA BLAcK Cap - - 152 - - SIMPLEX, GREATER Petry .CHAPS - 150 ———— Hipporais, Lesser Perry CHaAps - 150 —- OENANTHE, WHEAT Ear ~ - 151 Parus, Hatustrris, MARSH TITMOUSE . - 164 ~Hirunpo Rustica SWALLow m » - 158 & NeDy we ORDER IV. CoLuMBINE. Plate CoLuMBA ALBINOTATA SpoTTED-NECKED TURTLE 149 DIVISION II. Water Birps., ORDER VII. Wir CLoven FEET. ScoLtopax Rura, Rurovus GopwitT = a - 166 — PyGM#ZA, Picmy CuRLEW - - 169 TRINGA HyYpoLEucos, COMMON SANDPIPER - 1723 TRINGA ALPINA, ALPINE TRINGA, OR DUNLIN - 159 PHALAROPUS HyPERBOREUS, RED PHALAROPE - 157 CO EER ins “NRO Ss, Pas RAEN ee ORDER IX. WeEsB-FOOTED. Popicers Hesripicus BLAckK-CHIN GREBE - 167 ANAS HISTRIONICA, Harctequin Duck - - 168 Anas Fusca, VELVET Duck - - - ae a ANAS MarRILA, ScAup Duck - - “ = 166 INDEX: ITN DE X, VOR, (Vil, ALPHABETICAL ARRANGEMENT. Plate Alpina Tringa, Alpine Tringa, or Dunlin + ~~ = - 159 Atricapilla Motacilla, Black Cap - 3 is = 152 Cirlus Emberiza, Cirl Bunting = = . > - 161 Domeftica Fringilla, Sparrow é : “ - 155 Familiaris Certhia, Tree Creeper * = ~ 154 Fufca Anas, Velvet Duck - = - - 171 Grifola Mufcicapa, Spotted Fly Catcher = is >» 170 Hebridicus Podiceps, Black-Chin Grebe - “ - 167 Hiftrionica Anas, Harlequin Duck - - 163 Hippolais Motacilla, Leffer Petty chaps - = - 156 Hyperboreus, Phalaropus, Red Phalarope - ° = 157 Hypoleucos Tringa, Common Sandpiper - d - 172 Linaria Fringilla, var Twite = = = - 162 Linota Fringilla, Common Grey Linnet = = = = 168 Marila Anas, Scaup Duck - . = - 166 Oenanthe Motacilla, Wheat Ear = ~ = © - 15l Paluftris Parus, Marfh Titmoufe_ - - “ - 164 Pulchella Strix, Smaller Pencilled or Siberian Eared Owl - 165 Pygmeza Scolopax, Pigmy Curlew - - = - 169 Rufa Scolopax, Rufous Godwit + vi ° =- 160 Ruftica Hirundo, Swallow - S * - 158 Schoeniculus Emberiza Reed Sparrow - a = 183 Simplex Motacilla, Greater Petty Chaps - = - 150 Turtur Albinotata Spotted-neck Turtle of Buckinghamfhire 149 al } > & ee: a f ) . | ov al ov Be ds ad OF cd i J At yh | ¥ ian Mitty! TASS fd, AN e) TagAH 4 GWi 2 Ne a cal to. ea igh oe B2E Cee ee Bee qa dol pllineroM alligaai Te ee ere Me Md ssid whi * Gal me Ser oo OF ing. ijt psillonto. a i : ~~ : oes Poa) : : ) : Possaee. i bn ba =. & > i nt (4 iil tiath ‘pois ? ‘ h 7 = 4 ph IMTl @..;° 8 4 - Wes ae Cf devi lg. neil Ce “ee oe SORE ae Seer aS ati ce snare: asqeists M ai” in me i) 4 | a _~ ‘ | a ’ ; ’ Y ; Je 3 / ‘Sl «= in ve Sd tad. (thie IBIO ‘ae ibo't rsibidth pik: EGE <>’ ; oe + pao at pelos A ae A — iH ioe Gee Py ii a ana SS si otioalow ( aiMogqikh . ee TEL - ~" soll Moe ‘iacbill i 21g 108" Mea ne Me OE aig 4: ov} 6 | Ta ae dh Paw D, of git — Mii eat. ie - «SS