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Hibrary of the Museum
oF
Son COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY,
‘ B | AT HARVARD COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE, MASS.
Founded by private subscription, in 1861.
. DADDY II

HE ih Pre-—pitimef LOUIS AGASSIZ.
a No.ddhee’ =

TEE
NATURAL HISTORY

PREV ISH INS EC RS:
EXPLAINING THEM :

IN THEIR SEVERAL STATES,

WITH THE PERIODS OF THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS,
THEIR FOOD, OECONOMY, &e.

TOGETHER WITH THE

HISTORY OF SUCH MINUTE INSECTS

*
AS REQUIRE INVESTIGATION BY THE MICROSCOPE.

|
THE WHOLE ILLUSTRATED BY

Ceo Oi RE DoF ICG UR Es

DESIGNED AND EXECUTED FROM LIVING SPECIMENS.

By’ ER D(O NOV ALN.

LON DOWN:
PRINTED FOR THE AUTHOR,
And for F. and C, Rivincron, N° 62, St. Pauu’s Cour cH-YaRb.

MDCCXCVIII.
§

TL Gt TK yi ‘y we i

ane

ay 8 A eal

THE

NATURAL HISTORY

OF

BRELLISH LNSE GTS.

FLATE CCXVIEL

BAP toto HErPP OT HOE:
Great Copper BurTreEeRFLy.

EPIDOPTERA.

GENERIC. CHARACTER. '

Antennz clubbed. Wings erect when at reft. Fly by day,

SPECIFIC CHARACTER

AND

SYNONYMS.

Wings intire, margin white. Underfide afh colour, with nume-
rous black eye-fhaped fpots.

Papitio Hreroruoe alis integris: margine albo, fubtus cinereis:
punétis ocellaribus numerofis. Linn. Syft. Nat. 2.

193-, 254°
Ba Fab.

va RLATE cOXxvit

Fab. Spec. Inf.—Ent. Syft. 2. T. 3. p. 1. 309. 172,
-Degeer Inf..2. tab. 2. —
Reef. Inf. 3. tab. 37. fig. 6. 7-
Ejp. pap: tab. 38. fig. 1.
Ernft, Inf. Europ. 1. fab. 44. fig. 92. 93.

Papilio Hippothoe is the largeft and rareft of that kind of Butter,
flies called Coppers, by Englith collefors of Infe&ts. We have not -
heard that it has been taken in this country for fome years paft:
our fpecimens were met with in Scotland.

_ The female is larger than the male ; it has alfoa greater number
of black fpots on the wings.

PL Ae

" w
‘ oh ei é) fc
wey $A

213

Pos 2

PLATE CCXVIII.

iinDaahidinenile
CIMEX GONYMELAS.

BLACK-KNEE Firextp Buc.

HEMIPTERA.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Roftrum infleted. Antennz longer than the thorax. Back flat.
Thorax margined.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER. -

Brown. Abdomenred. Antenne annulated with black. Knees
of the fame colour.

We confider this asa nondefcript Infect. It was taken at Darent
Wood, Kent, early in May.

EtG. Fir
CIMEX HAEMORRHOIDALIS.

HEMIPTERA.

CIMEX.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER,
AND
SYNONYMS.

Greenifh. Spines of the Thorax obtufe. Breaft-piece terminate
in a long fpine, Antenne black.
CIMEX.

6 Pol ATE yCGu vil.

Cimex HAEMORRHOIDALIS: thorace obtufe, {pinofo fubvirefcens, -
antennis nigris, fterno porrecto. Linn. Sy/?. Nat.—
Fn. Sv.—Fab. Ent. Syft."4. p- 98. 76.

This Infe& was found at the fame time and place as the pre>
ceding fpecies. It is the moft elegantly coloured creature of its
tribe we have hitherto found. Cimex Luridus is more beautiful in
the larva, but not in the winged ftate. i

b>]

~$

PLAS

pa

a

A AS ae

;
a5
SOY ey
iy

uC

219

otin y | 3

PD ATR: LOCKER

PHALEHENA PRODROMARIA.
OaKk-BEAUTY. Morn.

LEPIDOPTERA.
2 F y
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Antenne fetaceous. Wings in general deflexed, when at reft.
Fly by night. ‘

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
sYNONrMS.
Antennz feathered. Wings white, fpeckled with numerous black

fpots. “Iwo irregular, and nearly tranfverfe bars of dark brown,

on the upper wings.

PHALZNA PRODROMARIA, pectinicornis alis albis nigro punctatis ;
fafciis duabus latis fufcis. ad. Ent. Sy/t. T. 3. p. 1.

159. 10S.
-Phalzna Prodromaria. Wien. Verz. 99.1.

The larva of this Moth, like others of the geometre, raifes itfelf
when walking, into the form of an arch or loop: it is of an ob-
fcure grey and brown colour, faintly mottled: the head is red.
4 Phis larva is feldom taken, and when taken, is reared to the fly

ftate with the utmoft difficulty. It feems a local fpecies; for we
have

+ / 2 " ; :
3 PL A. TE CCxI.
have never heard that it has been found, except on the Oak trees * |
in Richmond Park. It feeds on the higheft branches of the trees,

but defcends into the earth to become a pupa. It appears in the
fly ftate in March.

The male Infe@ is confiderably {maller than the female. Its
horns, or antennz, are alfo larger, and more feathered. This is a
fcarce Infect. It is found in Germany ; and a variety of it has
been received from North America. .

ee

* It feeds alfo on Lime trees.

PLATE

f
"y
i
(
CA)
‘
’
i
‘
1
» i y; Ld «
Vas 7 "
Woes i a ‘
ae . AD /

a f 9 q 4 q | | OF

pe LF. Aa eae Oy ph gap

PRoRyYGANEA\RHOMBIC A,

SPRING Fy,

NEUROPTERA. |

GENERIC: CHARACTER.

_ Mouth furnifhed with four palpi. Antenne longer than the
Thorax. Firft Wings lay horizontally on the body. Under | Wings
folded, and concealed beneath.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER

AND
SYNONYMS.

Wings greyifh brown. Firft pair marked with rhombic whitifh
{pots. ‘

PHRYGANEA RuomBiICaA alis grifeis: macula laterali rhombica alba.
Linn. Syft. Nat.—Fab. Ent. Syft. T.4.p- 77+ 13:
Reef. Inf. 2. Aqu. 2. tab. 16. }
Scheff. Icon. tab. 99. fig. 5. 6.

The Phryganea undergo their transformations in the water: in
the larva ftate they are taken by the fifhermen for bait; and, in
fome parts of Holland, are found fo abundant, that they are ufed
-as a cheap manure for the land. In the larva ftate, they gene-

C rall ¥

10 PLAT & \eCxe.

rally form a fort of covering, or tube, for their defencelefs bodies.
Jt is open only at one end, at which its head and fore legs are pro-
truded, to take its prey. Some fpecies form thefe coverings of
weeds and fmall fhells, gravel, fand, &c. That of our prefent
fpecies, is compofed of little pieces of the ftalks of grafs, cut into
an even form, and laid tranfverfely on each other. It attaches this
tube to the roots of fome aquatic plants, and undergoes its transfor-
mations in it. Jn the annexed plate, we have reprefented the larva
taken from the tube, and the pupa having the tube opened to exhibit
its fituation therein. .

The Fly is very common about ponds, rivers, and marfhy places.

PLATE

Z24

PLATE CCXXI.
PHALENA MYRTILUI.

Scarce BroaD BorpER YELLOW Unperwinc Morn.
LEPIDOPTERA.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Antennz taper from the bafe. Wings in general deflexed when
at reft. Fly by night.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER ©
AND
SYNONYMS.

Thorax crefted. Wings deflexed, brown, fpotted with white.
Anterior wings yellow, with a deep black border.

Puatana MyrTILLicriftata alis deflexis ferrugineis albo maculatis:
) pofticis luteis, fafcia lata fubmarginali nigra. Lin.

Syf?, Nat.—Fab. Ent. Syft. T. 3. p. 2. 126. 379.

A {mall Infe&, but-of fingular beauty ; it feeds on the whortle —
berry and floe.

This fpecies has been taken by Mr. Crow, of Faverfham. The
_ only fpecimen we ever met with, was found in the caterpillar ftate,
in Kent, in the month of May. The Fly came forth in June.

PLAT E

ts pa

ie on) uy yh f ee ; ee a r
Ta Cig i tM edie}
ce, asattoartad |

“aan md \ CANO ‘ots ys a Ae

“Ae pi at "died ie ait Dans "sa

“eek - \

me a nsitonahina auisaa,
ibe e Ley eta, iy ie if |

aeenow oe

site Diw beaveu: meeccryeh aes eqn We “pol 19, a
atobied Moa! dig tive wa hick a

)

‘saicmlitoect odie: aiantyy ait al ¢afish tife atefiire ceornacMaa

ve ae cee iets tac dul tik ab Lat eStoesit Hoifleg

AE. et 2 i e Fe Neh Ak di sien} von A A

eat oniedhoved. +i: eel : byt ceodet gao3 ses 28
OeggedY wad! q's oo oft th GAGE dae Utter aber rove a fa {9
wail, ai dict sep had - = te ai aac, ad ab

, N +

PTAs

5

-MCZ peasy eae
HARVARD UNivenairy. fo.
MBRIDGE. MA USA -

Fe
7a

P Lows bo COMI

PG.
CARABUS VIOLACEUS.

COLEOPTERA.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Antenne fetaceous. Thorax fomewhat heart fhaped, margined.
Elytra margined alfo.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYrMS.

Apterous, blacks Margin of the Thorax and Wing cafes, glofly
violet. Edges {mooth.

Carazus VIOLACEUS apterus niger thorace elytrorumque margi-
nibus violaceis, elytris levibus~—Fab. Ent. Sy/. 1.
19n 025.
Carabus Violaceus. Paykull Monogr. 12. 4.
| Frifch Inf. 13. tah. 23.

— eee

The larva of fome Carabi live in the ground, others in decayed
wood. ‘They prey on the fmaller kinds of Infects. Fabricius de-
fcribes one hundred and ninety-five { Ipecies ; a confiderable number

of thefe are natives of Europe. Carabus Violaceus is found in
fields. ;

we.) PL Ae ee

FIG. iI.

| CARABUS GEMMATUS.
Cortdertec.

CARABUS.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER

- AND

SYNONYMS.

Apterous, black. Wing cafes marked with ftrie; and three
rows of indented double fpots, bronzed.

CARABUS GEMMATUS apterus niger elytris ftriatis: punctis zneis
' bilobis excavatis triplice ferie.—Fad. Ext. Syft. 1. 19.
127.
Carabus ftriatus.—Daegeer Inf. 4. 90. 5. tab. 3. fig. £.
Carabus gemmatus.—Paykull Monogr. 15. 6.

This fpecies has commonly been miftaken for Carabus hortenfis :
the difference, however, between the two Infects, is confiderable.
The colour of the Beetle is black; but when not damaged, is en-
tirely covered with a rich bronze, partaking of a green and golden
hue on the wing cafes, and a fine purple on the thorax: the under-
fide is plain black.

-E I G,

POAT © CCC. rs

Pos Gey Te

CARABUS GRANULATUS.
CoLeoprera.

CARABUS.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
? AND

SYNONTMS.

Apterous, black, bronzed. Wing cafes ftriated; three rows of
elevated, or convexed-oblong fpots, with an intermediate elevateg
line on each. |

CARABUS GRANULATUS apterus nigricans elytris zneis ftriatis in-
terieCtis punctis elevatis longitudinalibus.—Lin. Sy/t.
Nat.—Fab. Ent. Syft. t. 130. 28.

Carabus granulatus.—Paykull Monogr. 19. 9.
Degeer Inf. 4. 88. 2.
Sulz. Hift. Inf. tab. 7. fig. 2.
Schaff. Icon. tab. 18. fig. 6. &F tab. 15. 6. fig. I+

Some authors fay, this fpecies is very common in the fields near
London. It is often found in Batterfea meadows ; and we have not
found it elfewhere.

PLAT

r
ey;

ee
,

} ,. 7 i ait ‘ee ! ;
i? emp Oe le? slong t at 6D ai . Dom: a tat ut
Pets . ae :

aiertin 2 i ie iat

; : caps & a
y } Fa] waweD-+ : ri a ee amie |
aid 3 ied bi ' T?.° fi al te x ale) isi > : Foe!

r

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es: £

hits

+
api tar

beret fy ae)

ae OLwest:

PLATE CCXXIII.
ox ae Gy Pe

PHALZENA DERASA.
Burr arcHes Mornu.

LEPIDOPTERA.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

‘Antenne taper from the bafe. Wings in general deflexed when
at reft. Fly by night. ..

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
AND

SYNONYMS.

|

Crefted. Wings deflexed. Anterior pair buff colour, with {mall
arched markings. $

Nocrva DERASA: criftata, alis deflexis, anticis fupra decorticatis:
Fab. Syft. Ent. 609 80.—Spec. Inf. 2. 229. 103.
Ent. Syft. 3. ps 2. 85. 250.

Phalzna derafa. Linn. Sy/ft. Nat. 2.851. 158.

Phalena pyritoides. Naturf. 2. tab. 1. fig. 7. (mas)e

Borkhaufen, enr. Schmett. 4. T. n. 281. p. 657.

Die Himbeereule. Der Wifchfliigel. Panz. Faun. Inf. Germ.

‘A rare fpecies, is found in the Fly ftate early in Auguft.
E The

13 PL A TIE (COOL

The larva of this phalzna is unknown to us, and has neither
been figured or defcribed in any of the entomological works recently
publifhed. The notes of Harris are not altogether fatisfattory ;
he mentions the time of its changing from the caterpillar to the
pupa, but has given no figure or defcription of either. The ento-
mologifts of Germany, where the phalena is not fcarce, feem
unacquainted with its metamorphofis. Fabricius, the lateft writer
on the fubjeé, has not defcribed it.

aN Wie Page

PHALENA TRAGOPOGINIS.

GoatT’s-Bearp Moru.

LEPIDOPTERA.

PHALANA.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER

AND

SYNONYMS.

Anterior wings dark brown, with three black points or fpots in
the centre, pofterior pair livid.

Nocrua Tracoeinis: crifta, alis deflexis, anticis fufcis, punc-

tis nigris tribus approximatis, pofticis lividus. Fad.

Syft. Ent. 615. 107-—Spec. Inf. 2. 237.—Ent. Syft.

2. f. 2. LL 2: 230. :

Phalena Tragopoginis. Lin. Syft. Nat. 2, 855. 177.—Jn. Sv.
® LE8Qe

Phalena

PLATE CCXXIL tg

Phalenaantennis filiformibus, alis deflexis fufcis nitidis, - punctis
tribus centralibus nigris, capite flavo. Degeer Info
Verf. Germ. 2. 1. 303. 10. tab. 7. fig. 15.

" - ‘
NL

Found on the Goat’s beard, Spinach, and Docks.—Our fpecimen
was taken in June.

F 1G,. HE

PHALANA LECHENES:
Liver-wort Mors.
LEPIDOPTERAe

PHALANA.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.

Thorax crefted. Anterior wings green, with black marks. Pofte-
tior pair brown. Underfide brown.

Nocrtva Licuenes: criftata, alis deflexis: anticis viridibus, macu-
lis variis atris, fubtus fufcis. Fab. Spf. Ent. 614.
.102.—Spee. Inf. 2. 235. 127-—Lnt. Syff. 3. pr. Be
p» 104. 312.

Noétua glandifera. Wien. Verz. 70. 2.

E32 We

Pe) PLATE. Cc¥xXm-

We have found this fpecies againft walls on which the Lichen
fufeo-ater was growing. The larva is fuppofed to feed on plants of
that genus.’ One fpecimen was found in Oftober, another early in

the {pring, from which we coneiade there muft be two broods of
them in the yor.

PLATE

ee
eee:

Ry NAVAN A
aes NEY

224,

[, 2% 4

PAT Bec kk IVs

5

PHALHNA NUPT A.
Rep UNnDERWING Morag,

LEPIDOPTERA.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Antennz taper from the bafe. Wings in general deflexed when
at reft. Fly by night. -

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND

SYNONYMS,

Thorax crefted. Anteriox wings greyifh, varied with brown.
_ Pofterior pair red, with two broad black waves acrofs. Abdomen
hoary above, white beneath.

Puatana Nupta criitata alis planis cinerafcentibus: pofticis
rubris 3 fafciis nigris, abdomine cano fubtus
albo. Linn. Syft. Nat. 2. 841. 119.
Wilks pap. 33. tab. 1. a. 1%.
Roef. Inf. 1. phal. 2. tab. 15.

The larva of the Red Underwing Moth feeds on the willow: it is
found in that ftate in June and July. The Fly appears in Augutt,
after having remained in the pupa {tate about twenty-one days.

E3 Collecto

22 PLAT FE COM,

Coile&tors of Englifh Infeéts enumerate near twenty f{pecies of
Phalena under the trivial diftin@tions of yellow underwing, copper -
underwing, orange underwing, pink underwing, &c. &c. ‘Among thefe
the moft confpicuous both for beauty and magnitude, are the red

underwing, and crimfon underwing. The firft is by no means uncom-
mon in the winged ftate. The latter is very rare, or at leaft a local
fpecies.: it is found in the larva ftate on the tops of the higheft oaks
in Richmond Park, and was formerly found in fimilar fituations in
Burnt Wood, Effex. We are not informed that it has been taken in
any other part of this kingdom.

Thefe two fpecies have been confounded with a third fort that is
found in fome parts of Europe, but does not, we have every reafon
to conclude, inhabit-this country. This is the Noétva Pa&a of
Linneus and Fabiicius. Linnzus himfelf, in the firft editions of
the Sy{tema Natura, cenfidered the Red Underwinag Moth, figured
by Roefel, tab. 15, as the Phalana Pacta, and adds it in his Syno-
nyms ; but it appears corrected in the later editions *.

After that time, Harris, in his Aurelian, and other works, called
the Red Underwing Phalena Pagta, and the Crimfon Underwing Pha-
lena Nupta. And Dr. Berkenhout, following Harris, or inattentive
to the exprefs language of the author he tranflated, has made the
fame error in his Synopfjs of the Natural Hiftory of Great Britain T,
Indeed, it may be doubted, whether any later Englifh work on
Infeéts has deteGted the error; for, examining a little tra of Mr,
Matthew Martin, of the Bath Society, publithed in 1785, we find
the Red Underwing called therein Phalena Padia.

To place our remarks in a clear point of view, we need only quote
the defcriptions of Linnzus:—‘‘ Nocrua Pac7a Criftata alis
grifefcentibus fubundatis: pofticis rubris; fafciis duabus nigris.
flbdomine fupra rubra.” And again in the general defcription :

* Corrected after 1759, + Not corrected in the laft edition.
* Abdomen

PE AT Er CCAR. 23

&€ Abdomen fupra rofeum.” Without adverting.to the other charac-
teriftic marks, this proves that the Linnzan fpecies of Padéfa cannot
be the fame with that of the authors before quoted, becaufe in their
fpecies the upper part of the abdomen is hoary, inclining to
brown, and not red *. Their Phalena Paéta can be no other

than the Phalzna Nupta of Linneus and Fabricius; the precife
- fpecies reprefented in our plate; of which Linnzus and Fabricius
fay : ‘‘ Habitat in Europe Salice Vitellina;” and of the Phalzena
Pacta and Sponfa, ‘* Habitat in Europe Quereu.” The firf

lives on willows, the two others on oaks.

We clofe our remarks with obferving, that the above quoted
.Englifh authors have been no lefs miflaken as to Phalena Nupta,
which they have made the Crimfon Underwing Moth. We have before
exprefled our doubt whether Phalana Padta has ever been found in
this country ;—we add, that the Infect, known to Englith collefors
by the trivial name of Crimfon Underwing, is the Phalena Sponfa of
Linnzus and Fabricius ¢, and confequently not conneéted in the leaft
with Phalana Nupta.

The readers of the works of Harris, Berkenhout, &c. are requefted
to read
For Phalana Nupta, Phalana Sponfa, Crimfon Under-
wing Moth.
For Phalana Pa&ta, Phalena Nupta, Willow Red Under-
wing Moth.
And finally, remove Phalena Padta from the lift of Britifh fpecies,
till it is proved to be a native of this country.

* Berkenhout fays the abdomen is reddifh above; but by this he only encreafes the
miftake 3 for his {pecies agrees in every other refpe& with the Willow Moth, on whic
plant he alfo fays it isfound. Page 140. Vol. 3.

+ Vide Entomologia Syftematica. Vol. 171: ps2! py §3. 147.

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Picky: A kToR i “COCKE.

SIREX SPECTRUM

BLAacCK-BODIED TAILED Wasp.

HyMENOPTERA.

Wings four, membraneous in general. Tail of the females
armed with a fting.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Mouth armed with ftrong jaws. Palpi two, truncated. Antennz
filiform, containing upwards of twenty-four articulations. Sting
projected, f{trong, and ferrated.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER

AND

SYNON?YMS.

Abdomen black. Thorax rather hairy, a yellow ftripe on each
fide, next the bafe of the wing.

Strgx Spectrum: abdomine atro, thorace villofo, litura ante alas
lutea. Fab. Sy/t. Ent. 3. 26.—Spec. Inf. 1. p. 419.
109g. 6. ap

Sirex fpeGtrum. Lin. Sy/t. Nat. 2.929. 3.—Fn. Su. 1574.—Degeer.
Inf. 1. tab. 36. fig. 6.—Schaff. Icon. tab. 4. fig. 9. 10.

This fpecies bears much refemblance to fome Infeéts of the Ich-
fleumon genus. We have found it among the leaves of the Horfe-
nadifh in June.

26 PLA TE -CCKKYV.

All the firices are rare in England. Sjrex fpectrum is an active
_ and vigorous creature, and which cannot be taken without danger of
jts flinging. The fting is fmall, and fine as a needle, but formed of
fuch hard er horny fubftance, that it will pierce the finger to the
bone. |

PLATE

Sipe
Ses

RVARD UNIVERSITY
nh wee

Bh

f

,
127]
ae
PLATE CCXXVE
VESPA VULGARIS,
at abi Wasp,

HYMENOPTERA.

_ ‘Wings 4, membranous in general. Tail of the female armed
with a fting. .

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Mouth armed with jaws. ‘The fting tharp-pointed and concealed
within the abdomen. Body fmooth, without hair. The upper
wings folded,

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND

SYNONYMS.

A yellow line on each fide of the thorax : four yellow fpots on the
fcutellum, a black belt, and two black {pots on each fegment of the
abdomen.

Vespa Vuicaris : thorace utrinque lineola interrupta, Scutello qua
_quadrimaculato, abdominis incifuris punétis nigris
diftinctis, Fab. Sy. Ent. 364, 9.—Spec. Inf. 1.
460. 9.—Lin. Syft. Nat.2. 949. 4.—Fn. Su. 1671,
Vefpa nigra luteaque, antennis totis nigris. Degeer Inf. 2. 2. 111,
tab. 26. fig. 7.
¥efpa thorace lineolis trium parium differentiym fauves centium.

Groff. Inf. 2. 369, 2.
Scheff.

28 PLATE CCXXVL

Scheff. Elem. tab. 130.

Icon. tab. 35. fiz: 4A.
Reaum Inf. 6. tab. 12. fig. 7.8.

Moft kinds of Wafps live in focieties ; and, like the bees, conftruc®
combs, in which they depofit their eggs, and rear their young.
Some fpecies are folitary, and each individual forms a neft for .
itfelf. :

The common Wafp lives in focieties : they collect the juices of
fruits, infects, &c. and make honey, but it is inferior to that of bees.
‘The metamorphofis of che wafps and bees are fimilar.

‘

P UATE

_ MO7 LieRaRY
HARVARD UNIVERIITY ~:

CAMBRIDGE. MA USA

22/7

ihe gal

PLATE CCXXVIL.
PHALEZNA MONACHA.
Brack Arcues Mord.
Hola

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Antennz taper from the bafe. Wings in general deflexed when
_ atreft. Fly by night.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND

SYNONYMS.
Wings deflexed, white, with black arches. Abdomen red.

Puatzna Monacua: alis deflexis albis atro undatis, abdominis
incifuris fanguineis. Lin. Syft. Nat. 2. 821. 43.—
Fn. Sv. 1130.—Fab. Ent. Syft. T. 3. p. 1. 446. 119.
Wren. Verz. §2. 5.
Wilks pap. 19. tab. 3. as 4.
Scheff. Icon. tab. 68. fig. 25 3.

We have in few inftances been able to prefent a fpecies of Pha-
lena, with all its metamorphofis, more deferving attention than the
Black Arches Moth. It is uncommonly rare in the winged ftate,
and its larva and pupa‘is, we prefume, unknown to the Englifh
Entomologifts at this time. "We imagine Harris met with, and bred

this

30 PLATE. CCXXVI.

- this Infeét, though he has not figured it: he fays it fed on the Oak,
that it changed into chryfalis June gth, and appeared in the winged
{tate July 9th, which is very near the time of our fpectmen changing.

The larva is rather a general feeder ; for though Harris mentions
only Oak, we found that it would not refufe the leaves of fruit-trees,
fuch as Apples, Pears, &c.; it feeds alfo on the Willow and Sallow.
The female is larger than the male, and has antennz like briftles.

)

PLATE

L228

tgs 0

PLATE CCXXVIL

SPHIN xX CONVOLVULL
Binp-Weep Hawk Moru.

LEPIDOPTERA.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Antenne thickeft in the fodaie. Wings, when at et deflexed.
Fly flow, morning and evening only.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND

SYNONYMS,

Wings entire, clouded. Pofterior pair marked with zigzag
tranfverfe bands. Abdomen belted with alternate marks of red,
black and white.

SPHINX ConvoLvutt: alis integris nebulofis: pofticis fubfafcia-
tis, abdomine cingulis rubris atris albifque. Lins.
Syft, Nat. 2. 798. 6.—Fab. Ent. Syft. In 2. po te
374: 54+
Geoff. In. 2. 86. 9.
Reef. Phal. t. tab. 7.
“Sepp. Inf. 3.19. tab. 4.
Merian. Europ. 39. tab. 75. 2
Cramer Inf. 19. tab. 225. fig. D.
Welks pap. 10. tab. 1. 6. 2.
Ejp. Inf. 2. tab...5.
Drury Inf. 1. tab. 25. fig. 4. ti

This

42 PLATE CCXXVII.

This is the largeft of the Hawk Moths that inhabits Great-Bri«
tain, except Sphinx ligufiri and Sphinx Atropos. It is rarely taken in
this country ; the curious in Englifh Infeéts have them from Ger-
many, where they are more common than with us.

A beautiful variety of this Infect is found in North-America: the
wings are more richly varied with different fhades of bright browns
than the European kind; the pofterior wings are of a fine rofe-
colour. It has all the charaéteriftic marks of Sphinx Convolvuli,
or we fhould hefitate to admit it as the fame fpecies. We received
it from Mr. Abbot, in whofe folio work it is alfo figured ; he found
it on the Wild Vine. Mr. Drury had the fame variety fent to him
from St. Chriftopher’s.

PLATE

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al
al

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PLA WE CexXxIx.

| THE
LARVA ann PUPA
‘OF
Speier: Cowvorvurt, |
OR a
Hina Weep Hawk Morn.

wr

_ After much refearch, we have not been fo fortunate as to meet
with the Larva of this rare Infe& ; nor can we learn that it has
been taken by any Collector of Englifh Infects for many years. In
_ the winged ftate one Specimen was faid to be taken in the fields
near Hoxton about two years ago.

To perfec the Hiftory of this fpecies, we have copied the Figures
of the Caterpillar and Pupa, from N° 7, Der Nacht-Voegel, &c. &c.
of Roefel’s Infecten Belluftigung, Vol. I.

Our readers will obferve that the Fly produced from the Cater=
pillars reprefented by Roefel is nearly one-third larger than the
f{pecimens fuppofed to be bred in England; the Caterpillars mutt
therefore be larger in the fame proportion in the fpecimens found
in Germany.—The Caterpillars are of two colours, one green with
ftripes of yellow and fpots of black; The other dull brown with
ochre coloured ftripes, and fides of the fame. The Caterpillar
figured by Abbot has a rofe-coloured band on the fide.

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PLATE CCXxXxX. "

iFU.G.AR
PHALZNA MAURA.

he
OLD LADY Moru.

LEPIDOPTERA.
GENERIC CHARACTER.

Antennz taper from the bafe. Wings in general deflexed when
at reft. Fly by night. 3

SPECIFIC CHARACTER

ai ee m4
Thorax crefted, Wings incumbent, exterior margins dentated,
afh- colour, varied ish large {paces of black. On the underfide a
deep whitifh border.

M ¢
ait

Noctua Maura criftata, afet ciimbentibis dentatis, cinereo
nigroque variis, fubtus margine albo. Fab. Syft.
Ent. 604. 61.—Spec. Inf. 2. 2.24. 81.—Ent. Syft. 3.
p- 2. 63. 174.

Phalena maura {pirilinguis criftata, alis depreflis dentatis, fafciis
duabus_ nigris, inferioribus nigris, fafcia alba.
Linn. Syft, Nat. 2. 843. 124. *

Phalena Lemur Naturf. 6. tab. 5. fig. 1.
Sheff. Icon. tab. t., fig. 5. 6.

This grave Moth appears in the month of Auguits it frequents
old houfes in evenings.—From its dingy appearance it is yfually
called the Old Lady.

Fa FIG.

36 , PLAT BE Cigms.

FY Gy

PHALENA LUCIPARA.
Scarce ANGLE SHapzs Morn.
LEPIDOPTERA.

PHALANA.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND

SYNONYMS.

Crefted. Wings deflexed, greyifh, with angular dark marks.
An angular light coloured fpace on the exterior part of the Wing,
and a pale band acrofs the middle of each.

Nocrua LuciparA criftata, alis deflexis cinereo nitidis, fafcia
media lata fufca. Fad. Spe. Inf. 2. 233+ 121-—
Ent. Syft. 3. p. % p. 99. 244.
Phalena lucipara {pirilinguis criftata, alis purpurafcentibus lucidis,
fafcia nigra, ftigmate poftico flavo. Linn. Syft.
Nat. 2. 857. 187.—Fn. Sv. 1201.

The common Angle-fhades Moth, (Phalena Meticulofa) is figured
in a former part of this Work. Phalena Lucipara is an Infect
nearly allied to it, but is far more fearce ; we have only met with
the Specimen figured in the annexed Plate.—The Larva is fuppofed
to feed on the internal fubftance of Willows. The Fly has alfo
been obferved among thofe trees.

PLATE

* gay i
ny AS

23)

W

ey

4

1) 322

Poe er # ACCK XXL

Po Ga yt.) Fy,
'‘ATTELABUS APIARIUS.

COLEOPTERA.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Antenne thickeft towards the apex. Head protruded, broad,
tapering towards the thorax. Four joints in each foot.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYrMS.

Bright blue: rather hairy. Wing cafes red, with three bars of
blue: the third, at the termination of the apex.

Arrerasus Ariarius: Lin. Sy. Nat. 2. 620. 10,

Crerus Aprarius: fubnudus cyaneus elytris rubris: fafciis tribus
coerulefcentibus: tertia terminali.—Geoff. Inf. 3
304. 1. tab. 5. fig. 4.—Fab. Ent. Syft. 1. 209. 14+
Degeer. Inf. 5.157. 1. tab. 5. fig. 3.
Sulz. Inf. tab. 4. fig. ©.

.

A very local fpecigs: we learn that it has been found near
Manchelter,

F3 FIG.

38 PUR Be Chae.

Pb Gen Me
ATTELABUS FORMICARIUS.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND

SYNONYMS.

Black. Thorax red. Wing cafes, with two bars of white:
bafe red.

ArtTELaBus Formicarius: Linn. Sy/t. Nat. 2. 620. 8.
Clerus formicarius. Fab. Ent. Syff. 1. p. 207. 27. 5.
niger thorace rufo, elytris fafcia duplici alba bafique rubris.

Degeer. Inf. 5. 160. 3.2.5. f. 8.

Only a few fpecies of this genus have been difcovered in this
~ country; and neither of thofe are very common. We apprehend
Attelabus Formicarius is rare, having only met with one fpecimen

of it. It was found in May, on a fand-bank, near Coome Wood,
Surry.

Pee Aes

DERMESTES “PELLIO.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Antennz terminated ina perfoliated club: the three extreme arti-
culations thicker than the reft. “Thorax convex: fcarcely margined,
Head bent in ; and almoft concealed under the thorax.

SPECIFIC

: PaAT BH CORN. - 39

SPECIFIC CHARACTER

AND

SYNONYMS.

Black.’ A white fpot on each wing-cafe.

Dermestes PeLuio: niger elytris punto albo. Lin. Sy. Nat.

2. 563.—Fn. Sv. 411. Ris.
Dermestes Pecrio. Fab. Ent. Sy. 1. p. 228. 5,

Oliv. Inf. 2.9. 11. 10. tab. 2. fig. 11,

Scheff. Icon. tab. 42. fig. 4.
er

A verycommon and deftructive creature. It infinuates itfelf into
all kinds of fur, or the dried fkins uf animals ; and in the ftate of ©
larva, injures them confiderably. ‘The larvz of this tribe of Infe@s
are numerous where they are fuffered to breed: they enter into and
deftroy furniture, cloathing, and even food. Some fpecies are
found upon the carcafes of animals ; while others, more tenacious of
‘ life, penetrate harder fubftances, and refift the camphor, verdigreafe,
mufk, arfenic, and other drying or corroding fubftances, that prevent
the depredations of moft Infe@ts. One or two fpecies are in particular
much to be dreaded by Colle@tors of Natural Curiofities: they per-
forate the cabinet, or cafe, and when the larva is hatched, effect their
deftruction. In collections of animals, birds, infects, and plants,

they do great mifchief.

40 PLT b €CXXM.

Bo Oy EY.

DERMESTES SCARABZOIDES.

SPECIFIC. GHARACTER
AND

SYNONYMS.
Ovated, Black. Two red fpots on the wing-cafes.

DeERMESTES SCARABZOIDES. Linn. Sy/ft. Nat..2. 563. 17.—
Fn. Sv. 428. ;

SPHEZRIDIUM SCARABAOIDES: ovatum atrum elytris maculis
duabus ferrugineis. Fab. Ent. Sy. 1. 77. CS ene

og

rs
me

Found in dung. Fabricius feparates this fpecies from the Der-
meftides, and places it ina new genus Spheridium.

PLATE

mes aa |
aval’ Art

PL Aveh, E CCXXXIL,

i. 7
PHALENA. QuERCIFOLIA

GENERIC cHar ACTER.

Antennz taper from the bafe. Wings, in gensral, Scand when
at reft. Fly by night.

Wings reverfed, Sallinped, red brown Pik
lines.

PHALENA QUERCIFOLIA: alis reverfis dentatis

-

we

— Bombyx—Alis reverfi iS.

IC CHARACTER

tibiifque nigris. Linn. Sif. Nat. 2
Fn, Sv. .110. :

Bomeyx querciFroLia. Fab. Ent. Syft. T. 3. oo 1.4 0. 42.

Reef. Inf. 1, Phal. 2, tab. 41.
: ae os

e° Phalena

ot PLAT © GXxxm

Phalena Quercifolia is a rare and interefting Infect, and is the
largeft of the Englifh bombyces, if we follow the arrangement of
the Entomologia Syftemaitca of Fabricius, and remove the Linnzan
Bombyx Coffus* to a new genus f.

The trivial name Lappet Moth has been given to this fpecies by
fome early Colleétors of Englith Infects, becaufe they obferved,
when the creature was at reft, and the wings expanded in a natural
pofition, the anterior part of the fecond pair /apped over the firlt,
inftead of the firft pair laying on the fecond, as in many other fpe-
cies of Phalena. This appearance is very ftriking, but not pecu-
liar to Phalzena Quercifolia. Bombyces, with fimilar reverfed wings,
are numerous, and féveral of them natives of this country ; as Phal. '
Quercus, and Potatoria,

In a former volume we have given The Pine Lappet Moth; an
Infect that is extremely uncommon in Great-Britain ; that, with
the prefent fpecies, are the only two Britifh Phalana called Lappet
Moths ; another Infect, clofely allied to P. Quercifolia, and fup-
pofed to be the Phal. Populifolia, is faid to be an Englith Infe&, but
om what authority, we are not informed. The very different appear-
ances of the larva of Phal. Quercifolia in different ftages of its
growth, may poffibly have caufed fome miftake ; for in one fkin they
are brown, with whitifh marks; in another greyith, with dark
_ brown marks; and when of a full fize, are more inclined to brown
and grey in fome fpecimens than in cthers, Notwithftanding,
however, the variation of colours, in all its changes, we find that
the two oval blue marks on the fecond and third fegment of the
body are conftant, and fufficient to determine the f{pecies. The
larva of Bombyx Populifolia i is very fi fimilar to that of B. Quercifolia,
when young, if we may judge by the only figure of it extant, but
the mark acrofs the fecond fegment is narrow and black ; that on
the third fegment broader, with two femi- lunated red {pots. —Vide
Kleeman’s Beytraege, Sc. Val. 3. tab. 14.

# Goat Moth. + Coffs ligniperda.—Fub.
The

BPE APT Bh COME 43

The larva of P. Quercifolia we have taken in Darent Wood,
Kent, on the grafs; it feeds alfo on Willow, Blackthorn, and
Whitethorn. At the end of April, or not later than May, it forms
a large and loofe fpinning interwoven with its hairs, of black,
reddith, and grey colours. The pupa is black, but appears perfectly _
white, being covered with a fine white pollen, or powder ; each feg-
ment is encircled by a belt, of a red colour. In July and Auguft it
is found in the Fly ftate,

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PLATE CCXXXxIi.

PHALENA PRUNARIA.

PyHorenitx Morn.

LEPIDOPTERA.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

_ Antennz taper from the bafe. Wings in general deflexed when
at reft. Fly in the night.
Gegmetra.

SPECI£ETG CHARACTER
. ; AND
SYNONYMS.

Antennz like a briftle. Firft pair of wings brown and grey,
with two broad pale waved marks acrofs. Second pair, with waves
on the pofterior part. — cat

PHacana Prunaria: feticornis alis grifeo fufcis: fafciis duabus
pallidis repandis: poftica femiterminali. Linn. Sy/?,
Nat. 2. 869. 250.—Fu. Sv. 1267.—Fab. Ent. Syft. 3:
pi Be Po VIBONELTS:
Wien. Verz. 113. 19.
Clerk. Phal. tab. 7. fig.3-
Ammiral Inf. tab. 23. fig. 1. 4+

Fabricius defcribes the larva of this rare Moth :—It is afh-coloured,
with a black collar or mark on the neck: feet reddifh brown, and

the back {potted with the fame colour.
. The

se PLATE. CCXXXII.

The trivial Englifh name, Phoenix Moth, has been given to this
Infe&t from a circumftance little known, and fcarcely deferving
notice, except as it proves the impropriety of naming Infeéts from
local circumftances, when any other can be well applied. A {mall
part of a wood near London had been cut down, arid a quantity of
charcoal made on the fpot. This place had been often vifited by
Aurelians, but the Phalzna Prunaria had never been difcovered there,
nor indeed was then known as a Britifh Infe&. On the following
year, when the ground was cleared, and the underwood grown up,
this Moth was found, it continued to be taken conftantly in the
months of June and July for many years, in this place, and then
totally difappeared. The late Mr. Bentley, known as a colleétor
of Englifh Infe&ts, difcovered a breeding-place of this Moth on
Epping Foreft, and commonly: found three or four {pecimens every
feafon. Weare not certain that it has been found in any other part
of the kingdom. It feeds on the thorn, plumb and currant.

Kyl Greg lhkit, Ih

PrHALENA DUPLICAD SA

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
| AND
SYNONYMS.
Firft wings grey, with three tranf{verfe waved lines.

PHaLtzna Dupticata: feticornis, alis grifeis, fafciis duabus
trilineatis fufcis. Fab. Ent. Syft. 3. ps 2. p. 193-
2.34.

PuaLtzna PuraciaTA : feticornis, alis anticis canis: fafciis tribus
trilineatis nigricantibus repandis. Linn. Syft. Nat.—
Fn. Sv. p. 334. n. 1271.

Phal.

PLA TE. CCXXXIn. 47)

Phal. Plagiata. Das doppelte Band. Berlin. Mag. 4. B. p. 522.
n. 38.
Scheff. Icon..tab. 12. fig. 1. 4.
Clerk. Icon. tab. 6. fig. 1.
Rofft Faun. Etr. T. 2% p. 1Aen 1170

Found in June. It is rare, and we believe has not been met with
in the ftate of Jarva in this country. Foreign authors fay the larva
is brown, variegated with red, and has a yellow line on each fide.
Kleemann has not figured the larva with the Moth in his Supplement
of the rare Infe&ts found in Germany.

Perce! Tr
PHALANA VESPERTARIA.

SPECIFIC CHOARACRER
AND

SYNONYMS.

Antenne feathered. Wings yellowifh: two dark waved ftreaks
acrofs the firft pair ; one on the fecond pair: the fpace between the
ftreaks and margins of the wings, dark.

Poarana VESPERTARIA pectinicornis alis flavefcentibus: ftrigis
duabus; pofteriore limbum obfcurum difterminante.
Linn. Syft. Nat. 2. 864. 224.
Fab. Ent. Sy/?. 3. p. 2. 149. 74.

Phalena parallelaria. Wien. Verz. 104. 15.

- Found in Hornfey-Wood in July, and alfo in Norwood.
; : FIG.

48 PLATE: CCXXxi.

Bl Gisr IV:

PHALENA CHEROPHYLLATA.

~ Great CHIMNEY-SWEEPER.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND

SYNONYMS.

Antennz like a briftle: Wings black erect: firft pair white at
the tips.

PHALANA CH#ROPHYLLATA feticornis atra alis erectis: anticis
apice albis. Linn. Syf?. Nat. 866. 237.—Fab. Ent.

Syft. [. 3. p. 2. 184. 200.
Wien. Verz. 116. 1.

a

Appears in the Winged ftate late in July. Is produced from a
reen capillar, which feeds on Cherophyllum Siluefire, or wild cicely.

PLATE

fe

234

i bso

P. yA TE, CCXXXIV..

TENTHREDO LUTEA.

~

YELLow Saw-F ty.

HyMENOPTERA.

Wings four, generally membraneous. ‘Tail of the females armed
with a fting.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

_ Without probofcis. Mouth armed with jaws. Sting compofed
of two lamin, dentated, like a faw, and almoft concealed within
the abdomen. ‘Two tubercles on the fcutellum.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND

SPN ON T Be S.

Antenne clubbed, yellow. Abdomen yellow, except the fecond
fegment, which is black.

TENTHREDO LUTEA: antennis clavatis luteis, abdominis fegmentis
plerifque flavis. Linn. Syf?. Nat. 2. 921. 3.—Fn.
Su. 1534.
Fab. Ent. Syff. 1.2. p. 105. 138. 3.
Roef. Inf. 2. Vefp. tab. 13.
Schaff. Icon. tab. 103. fig. 2+ 3.
Degeer Inf. 2.2. 223.7. tab. 33. fiz. 8. 16,

G tee emg

ce PLAT © Sexxy.

‘Very uncommon in this country. The larva has been found on
the Willow, but unlefs taken when ready to become a pupa, it is

impoffible to rear it to the winged ftate. We are little acquainted
with the peculiar habits of thefe Infects, and cannot therefore feed |
them in a proper manner.
Moft of the Tenthredines enfhroud themfelves in a net-work
covering, and remain in the earth till the Fly burft forth; others
faften the web againft the branches of trees, or on the trunk near the
earth. ‘The habits of ‘Tenthredo lutea are very fimilar to thofe of
T. Vitelline ; the winged Infe& appears in June,

PLATE

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CAMBRIDGE. MA USA

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PLA F EC “CCX ERY,
CHRYSIS CYANEA,
Hymenoprera.

Wings four: generally membraneous. Tail of the females
armed with a fting. : ‘

GENERIC CHARACTER.

No probofcis. Armed with jaws. Antennz filiform.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND

= SYNONYMS.
a

Very glofly blue green. End of the abdomen furnifhed with
three teeth. —

Curysis CYANEA: glabra nitens thorace abdominifque cceruleis,
ano tridentato. Linn. Syft. Nat. 2. 948. 5.—Fn. Sv.
1667.
Fab. Ent, Syfts 2. 147+ p. 243. 20. }
“Vefpa coerulea nitens. Geoff. Inf. 2. 484. 23.—Scheff. Icon.
tab, 81. fig. 5.

The natural fize of this Infe& is given at Fig. I. in the annexed
plate. It is far inferior in beauty to either Chrylis ignita or bidentata,
figured in the early part of this work ; but as the genus is very
limited, we have a given figure of this fpecies. It is very abundant
on all k nds of fruit-trees in the fummer.

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PLATE CCXXXVI.

BE Gs bk
PAPILIO CORYDON.
CHALK-HILL Bive BurTerFty.
> GENERIC CHARACTER.
Antennz clubbed. Wings ereét when at acl Fly by ma

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
Ss YN ONYMS.

Wires entire, above filvery or - pale blue, with a » birch margin.
Beneath grey, with eye-fhaped {pots.

Hesperia Corypon: alis integris coeruleo argenteis: margine
nigro, fubtus cinereis: punctis ocellaribus, pofticis
macula centrali alba. Fad. Ent. Syf. 3. p. 1. p. 298.
133.

Parizio Corypon. Wien. Verz. 184, 10.

Parritio Corypon. Efp. pap. tab. 33. fig. 4

Papitio Tipuys. Efp. pap. tab. 51. fig. 4.

Found on the chalk-hills between Dartford and Rochefter ; pare
ticularly on a long range of hillocks leading from Dartford to the
wood of Darent. Hence the Butterfly has been called the Chalk-
hill blue. We believe it has not been found in any other part near
London. The larva is unknown, it appears in the winged fiate,
the firft and fecond week in July.

7 H FIG.

54 HEAT Beier Og

Br AG El ye AF.
PAPILIO LINEA.

SMALL SKIPPER BUTTERFLY.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND |
SYNONYMS.

Wings entire, brown, divaricated, margin black.—An oblique

black mark cn the anterior wings.

Hesrerta Linea: alis integerrimis divaricatis fulvis: margine
nigro. Fab. Ent. Syf. 3. p. 1. 326.

Papitio Linea. Wien. Verz. 159. 5.

Parizio THaumas. E/p. pap. tab. 36. fig. 2. 3.

Papitio Sytvestris. Pod. Mu/.

ee

A very generally diffufed {pecies, but not common ; it is fimilar to
the Papilio Sylvanus of Linnzus, or Hefperia Sylvanus of Fabricius,
which is found in the greateft abundance in the fkirts of woods in
fummer.' Its metamorphofe is unknown.

PLATE

MCZ LIBRARY
FARVARD UNIVERSEY
CAMBRIDGE. MA USA

| 287

E2587

Poy AvP ee CORK XVI

PHALZENA BETULARIA.

PerrerepD Morn.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Antennz taper from the bafe. Wings in general deflexed when
at reft. Fly by night.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND

SYNONYMS.

Antennz feathered. Wings entirely ek fpeckled with black ;
a black bar acrofs the thorax.

PHALZNA BETULARIA: pectinicornis, alis omnibus albis, thorace
fafcia nigra, antennis apice fetaceis. Linn. Sy/ft.
Nat. 2. 862. 217. Fn. Sv. 1287.
_ Fab. Spec. Inf. 2. 252. 56.
PHAL#NA antennis pectinatis, alis horizontalibus albis nigro punc-
tatis ge a, thorace fafciato. Degeer. Inf.
Verz. Germ. 2. 1. 250. 1 tab. 5. fig. 18.
Ammiral. om ak 2k.
Scheff. Icon. tab. 88. fig. 4. 5+
Albin. Inf. tab. 91, 92
Kleman. Inf. t. tab. 39. fig. 6.

H 2 Found

56 PLA T 8) CExxKE

Found on the Lime, Willow, and Elm in the ftate of Larva, |

changes to the Pupa in September ; and the Moth appears ‘in May. — |

The Larva of this creature differ very much in their fhades of colour;
they are generally blackifh or dark olive with a few obfcure red i
{pots. a ee ' |

- : woh PLATE

266

ne ate

PLATE CCXXXVIII.

2 1G. 1...
PAPILIO HYALE. |

CiLoupep YEeLLow ButTrTerF ty.

LEPIDOPTERA.

GENERIC CHARACTER.
Antennz clubbed. Wings erect when atreft. Fly by day.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND / a

SYNONYMS.

Wings rounded, yellow: an orange fpot on the pofterior wings:

“beneath, a large filver fpot, with a {mall contigucus fpot of the

fame. :

Papitio Hyate: ane is avis: pofticis macula fulva ;

fubtus punéto or. argentes. Linn. Syft. Nat.

eo 100.

ba all

Though we cannot but admire the Linnean definitions, for their
perfpicuity in general; we muft in fome inftances blame him for
oa inattention which has betrayed fucceeding naturalifts into errors,

H 3 and

ae ‘PL APE: sCOXRKXVIE.

-and even abfurdities. The force of this remark, however harfh it
may appear, will apply in a particular degree to the fpecific defini-
tion and quoted Synonyms of Papilio Hyale, and confequently to
two other fimilar {pecies involved in the fame error.

Linnzus wave the defcription of Papilio Hyale, as above quoted
in the Sy{tema Natura, froth an infe&t in‘ his own cabinet, and
quotes, in the Synonyms, the ‘Butterfly ficured by Reefel, Val. 3.
tab, 46. fig. 4. 5. The works of that author being known in every
part of Europe, the entomologifts of that time received the figure
as that of the true Hyale; and relying on the accuracy of the Lin-
nzan references, the miftake has been overlooked to the prefent
period. Fabricius, who is the lateft fyftematic writer on this fci-
ence, quotes the figures in Roefel, as Linnzus had himfelf in the
firft inftance ; and he alfo refers to figures of the fame infe& in the
works.of Cramer and Scheffer. An error of fuch {pecious appear-
ance could only be detected by a reference to. the fpecimen in the
Linnean Cabinet, at this time in the poffeffion of Dr. Smith, and
by this it appears that every author has miftaken the fpecies of Lin-
nus, and that Linnzus was himfelf miftaken in fuppofing the infe@
defcribed was the fame as that figured by Roefel, and to which he
refers: that the Linnean Pap/lio Hyale is what later authors have
confidered Papilio Paleno, and that the true Papilio Paleno is not a
Britifh fpecies.

Thefe errors are fo complicated that we muft examine the cha-
racters afligned to each fpecies with the utmoft attention, and we
fhall then find his defcriptions correét, but the fynonyms erroneous.
Papilio Hyale is defcribed with yellow wings ; the colour of the wings
in the fuppofed Hyale is not of that kind which Linnzus would
have called yellow, (/lauis,) but fulvis, being of a deep orange colour,
much inclining to red. Either of thefe expreffions will certainly
admit of great latitude, but we muft not therefore confound one
with the other. The two filver {pots are not conftant, though it
forms a part of the fpecific character; we have feen in both the
clouded yellow and clouded orange butterflies, fometimes only one
fpot, though in general it has two. On the whole, the Linnzan

defcrip-

PLATE CCXXXIX. 59

defcription of Papilio Hyale feems to agree with the fictitious
P. Paleno of our collections, and the fpecimen in the Linnean
cabinet places it beyond conjeCture.

Fabricius has not attended to the errors of former authors on. this
fubject ; even in his laft work, Sy/. Ent. he adds to the fpecific de-
fcription of his P. Hyale, Mas margine alarum nigro immacu-
lato, foemina maculato*, by this it is evident he alludes to the
clouded orange, for it is not fo in the Linnean infect; the broad
bar of black being conftantly fpotted in both fexes. We have alfo
obferved that the rare variety with white wings is only the female ;
that which is yellow is the male: the fame is obferved alfo of
Papilio Rhamni, or Brimftone Butterfly; and as the males of all
infects are more abundant than the females, and the males of P. Hyale
are rare, the variety, or fex with white wings muft be extremely fo.
Thefe have been taken in a clover field in the month of Auguft, in
company with the clouded orange.

It may be proper to clofe this defcription with a few obfervations
on the true Papilio Palzno, as the fubjeét before us has hitherto
paffed under that name. Linnzus fays, alis integerrimis flavis apice
nigris margineque fulvis: pofticis fubtus puncto argenteo ; this does
not agree with, or at leaft exprefs the Infect generally called Paleno,
and the fpecimen in the Linnzan cabinet proves it to be a different
{pecies ; the P. Palzno has no yellow fpots on the black margins of
the wings, and the fpot in the center of the anterior pair is {mall
and fhaped like a fhuttle ; its native place is unknown. A variety
of the pale clouded yellow is found in America, and by miftake is
fometimes placed in cabinets as a Britifh fpecies.

* The wings in the males have a broad black bar on the exterior margin 5 3 in the female the
: bars are fpotted.

it 4 FIG

60 — PLATE CCXXXVIII.

FIG. U.

PAPILIO EDUSA.,
Croupep ORANGE BurrerFLy.

LEPIDOPTERA.

PAPILIO.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.

Wings entire, fulvous, or orange, with a black {pot and margin of
the fame colour. On the under fide greenith ; a black {pot on the
anterior wings; filver on the pofterior wings.

Pariitio Epusa: alisintegerrimis fulvis: punto margineque nigris,
fubtus virefcentibus: anticis puncto nigro, pofticis

argenteo. Fab. Ent. Syf?. 3. p. 2. 206. 643.
< <n CAR . -_

If our obfervations on the preceding fpecies are fatisfactory and
conclufive, the Infect before us mutt be a diftinG {pecies, and not the
true P. Hyale, for which it has ever been received. “This involves,
another interefting confideration, for Linnzus muft have been ac-
quainted with this fpecies, as he refers to figures of it in feveral
Authors. It is probable he confidered it as a variety, for it does
not appear under another name in any part of his Writings.

Fabricius

PLAT-E CCXXXVIIL 65

Fabricus has defcribed a new {pecies of butterfly, under the name
Edufa, in his lat work Ent. Sy/?. which feems to agree with our infe&,
and we are confirmed in our opinion by Mr. Jones of Chelfea, who
affitted Fabricius with confiderable information, and affures us it is.
certainly the P. Edufa of that author.

In a former part of this work we have given the male of this
infe&t as P. Hyale: the annexed figure reprefents the female, having
large yellow {pots in the black border of the wings. Both this and
the preceding fpecies are figured by Efper, in the Papiliones de’ Eun.
rope; and by Scheffer, in the Icones Rabifbon, &c.

PLATE

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PLA TE CeCxxxn
| FIG. L
PHALANA TREPIDA?

SwaLLow PROMINENT Moru.

LEPIDOPTERA.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Antenne taper from the bafe. | Wings in general deflexed when
at reft.. Fly by night.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
, AND :
SYNONYMS.

Wings deflexed ; a prominence on the back. Anterior wings
pale in the middle ; brown next the margin; ftreaked. . A fpot in
the center of the wing. ;
Bomsyx Trepiba: alis deflexis dorfo unidentatis: puncto medio

ocellari ftrigaque poftica maculari fufcis. Fab.
| Ent. Syft. Sips T« FAG: 1320.
Bombyx tremula. Wien. Verz. 49. 4.

The Swallow Prominent Moth is fcarce, the larva is fuppofed to
live under the bark of willows, but it is more certain that the Moth
is feldom found, except among thofe trees. In the day-time it has
been feen againft the trunk of trees, in the manner reprefented in

_ the Plate,

We quote the authority of Fabricius with diffidence; his charac-
ter is ambiguous; and can only be defined by the very general de-

{cription he has added to it,
FIG,

64 PLA T E"COXXxix.

PEG.

PHALZHZNA COMPRESSA.
LEPIDOPTERA.
Bomeyx.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND

SYNONYMS.

Wings compreffed ; white, with a large brown mark continued
acrofs the anterior Wings ; grey in the middle, with feveral lunar
white marks. '

Bombyx COMPRESSA: alis compreffo adfcendentibus niveis : ma-
cula communi fufca, centrali grifea: lunula alba.
Fab. Ent. Syf?. 3. p. 2. 455. 149.

Phalena fpinula. Wien. Verz. 64. 6.
Panz. Faun. Germ. 1. tab. 6.

Not very uncommon in the month of June; it is called the
Goofe-egg Moth.

PL Ame)

vey

Vi Rte

240

Leen a

PLATE CCXL.

NMELOER/ TEC A.

COLEOPTERA.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Antennz moniliform, extreme articulation oblong. Thorax
roundifh.. Elytra foft and flexible. Head infle&ed and gibbous.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
| AND
SYNONYMS.

Black. Wing-cafes nearly the length of the Abdomen. An-
tenn thickeft in the middle.

MELOE TECTA: atra, elytris abdomine haud brevioribus, antennis
medio crafliffimis. Panz. Faun. Inf. Germ.
Der Maywurmkifer mit ungewdhalich langen Fliigeldecken.—
Panz. Ibid. |

a a

This is a rare Infe&t, and has not been defcribed by Linnzus or
Fabricius. It bears a diftant refemblance to Mele Profcarabaus ;
but the fingular ftruture of the Antennz will alone prove it a
diftin& fpecies. The Antennz in Meloe Profcarabxus are monili-
form, or compofed of feveral bead-like articulations, nearly of the
fame fize: thofe of this new fpecies are thickeft in the middle ; and
in one point of view the fourth, fifth, and fixth articulations appear
remarkably large and globular: in another, they feem writhed or
diftorted, and very concave; the other joints are as in the former
- {pecies—The whole Infeét has a fhining blue glofs: Meloe Pro-
{carabus

A PL Tee. CCR.

fcarabzus is coal black. It is {maller, and the Wing-cafes nearly
coverthe Abdomen. In Meloe Profcarabzus the wing-cafes are “7
one-third the length of the Abdomen.

In fome’Cabinets, this Infect is arranged with a new fpecific
name auumnalis ; but as we find it is not a non-defcript, we prefer
that, under which it has been alreadydeferibed. In this we not only
avoid the confufion arifing trom a change of names, but reje& one
merely local for another expreflive of its {pecific charaCer.

Our Specimens were found on Epping Foreft, in July.

PLATE

ee a =

244

[ rr hk

PLATE CCXLL

SPHINX POPULI.
PorptarR Hawk Mors.

LEPIDOPTERA.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Antenne thickeft in the middle. Wings, when at reft deflexed.
Fly flow, morning and evening only.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND

SYNONYMS.

Wings reverfed, dentated, grey: a white central fpot on the
anterior Wings. Pofterior Wings red at the bafe.

Spuinx Poruti: Alis dentatis reverfis grifeis: anticis pun@o
albo, pofticis bafi ferrugineis. Linu. Sy/?. Nat. 2.
997. 2.—Ln. Sv. 1084.
Reef. Inf. 3. tab. 30.
Scheff. Icon. tab, 100.
Degeer. Inf. 1. tab. 8. fig. 5.
Sepp. Inf. 3. 3. tab. 1.
Albin. Inf. tab. 38. jig. C.
Wilks pap. 11. tab. B.C.

This beautiful Infe&t is very common in this country, and not

lefs fo in every other part of Europe: it feeds on the poplar and
— willow

63 PUA TS Iccxi

willow in the larva ftate, and frequents thofe trees in the winged
flate alfo. About the month of September, the Larva or Cater-
pillars are full grown, and. change, to fhe Pupa: ihe la, appears
in May.

PLATE

C 69 J

* PLATE CCXLIL

' PABPEELLO:.. Cl N NDA:

i

h ~

De PLANTAIN FRITILLARY:
_ LEprpoprera.

(

} | GENERIG CHARACTER.

Biktenia clubbed at the end. ans erect, when at reft. Fly
wy day.
] SPECIFIC CHARACTER

A‘
.

AND

SYNONYMS.

: Wings dentated, brown, with black marks: beneath fulvous,
with three whitifh, bands acrofs the lower Wings, marked with
dlack {pots. .

Partito Cinxia: Alis dentatis fulvis nigro maculatis: pofticis
fubtus fafciis tribus albidis nigro maculatis, Linzi.
Syl. 2. 784. 205.—Sv, 1063.
Fab. Ent. Syft. 3. p. 2. 250. 779:
wis Beael Inf. 4. tab. 12. fid.40 §
Geoff. Inf. 2. 45. 12.
IVilks pap. §8. tab. 3. a &.
Efp. pap. i. tab. 16, fiz. 2
Schaef. Icon. tab. 204. a BiB.
7 Papilio Delia, alis dentatis fulyo nigroque variis: pofticis fupra
punctis quatuor occllaribus, fubtus albis : fafcits
SS duabus fulvis ; pofteriote nigro puntata. Linn ab.
Papilio Delia. Wien. Verz. 179. 6.
e. I The

4
"

70 BLA EB) GCxut,

The Larva are black, befet with fpines and tufts of the fame
colour: the fides are marked with a double row of white fpots, |
the feet red. It is found on the long plantain in April. The Flies ©
appear in May. This is the rarefl of the Britith Fritillary Butterflies,
if we except Papilio Lathonia, the Queen of Spain Butterfly.

PPG, ae.

PAPILTO LUCIN A.

Duxe oF BurGunpy FRITILLARY.

SPECIFIC GHARACTER
AND

SYNONYMS.

Wings indented, dark brown with bright yellowifh-brown fpots,
Two rows of white {pots on the underfide of the pofterior wings.

Pariztio Lucina: Alis dentatis fufcis teftaceo maculatis: fubtus
fafciis duabus macularum albidarum. Linn. Syft.
Nat. 2. 784. 203.—Fn. Sy. 1008. Ae
Fab. Ent. Syft. 3. p.1. 250. 778
Raj. Inf. 122. 12. |
Scheff: Icon. tab. 172. fig. 1. 2.
Petiv. Gazoph, tab. 16. fig. 10.

This pretty Infe& is found in the winged {tate in May ; the
Larva is unknown.-——Taken in Hornfey wood. |

PLATE -

tw | 7
Y Fs iat r
Aa tae 2 ht ray)

xt ath ahs

Ttay j
aie (it

ALS

eos 7

PLATE CCXLIII.

EIG. Lar
COCCINELLA 14 GUTTATA.
GENERIC CHARACTER.

_ Antenne fubclavated, truncated. Palpi club-formed, extreme
articulation heart-fhaped. Body hemifpherical. ‘Thorax and elytra
margined.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND |
SYNONYMS.

Red, with fourteen white fpots.

CoccINELLA 14. GUTTATA: Coleoptris rubris, punétis albis qua-
tuordecim. Linn. Faun. Suec. 492. Syft. Nat. p.
583. 2. 34. Fab. Ent. Syft. 1. p. 284. n. 85.

This f{pecies is rather of a brown than red colour, as defcribed by
Linneus. Itis probably an uncommon Infect. The fmalleft figure 1
is the natural fize, .

74 PLA E, GCXLIL

<2 ¢ Ge
COCCINELLA ANNULATA.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND |
SYNONYMS.
Red. An oblong black ring acrofs the wing-cafes..

CocemEbia ANNULATA: coleoptris rubris,; macula fubannu-
lari nigra. Linn. Syft. Nat. p. 579. n. 5. Fab. Ent.
Syft. 1. p. 268. a. 14.

Not a very common {pecies.

oc Fa G. Ml. Bt.
COCCINELLA CASSIDOIDES,

- SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Black with a red lunular mark, anda round fpot of the fame
colour, on each of the wing-cafes.. Margin prominent.

CoccineLtzta Cassoipes: elytris nigris, lunula punctoque rubris,
margine prominulo. MMarfeam MS.

_ This is a nondefcript Infe&. It was found in May. |
PLATE

:
:
.

| 24

5 iS

a

yey
a

Tree
Ss

SS

eS

| ver 7H

Pols AE he 3. COMELV,

RAPELLO., CAMILLE A.
: Wars ADMIRABLE.
GENERIC Re a
Antenna: clubbed at the end. ‘Wings erect, when at reft. Fly
by day. iy et :
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND

SYNONYMS.

Wings dentated. Above, uniform dark brown, with a white band,
and fpots. Inner angle of the pofterior wings rel. 7

=

ot

1 r. iolosiis! } stbo ‘faf-
mi rub mim Syft.

The White Admirable Butterfly feeds upon the common honey
fuckle or woodbine, and is found in the winged ftate in the months
of Juneand July, in the fkirts of woods; its habit is much the fame
as that of P. Atalanta, Red Admirable, but it is by no means fo
common.

K 2 This

76 PLAT By CCxLy,

This fpecies has hitherto been deemed the Papilio Camilla of
Linnzus, though it differs in a flight degree from the defcriptions
and figures of authors who defcribe only German or Swedith fpeci-
mens of it. In the late editions of the Sy/ema Nature, P. Camilla is
defcribed with P. Sibilla, a Papilio nearly allied to it, but which
Linneus confidered as a diftinét fpecices; his defcription of Camilla
exprefsly faying “ angulo ani rubro.”——The angulis ani, of P. Si-
billa*, not being of a red colour, removes it from the Englith fpecies.

Fabricius is of a different opinion, and in diffenting from his au-
thority it is incumbent to ftate our objections. In the Species infec-
forum of that author, the P. Camilla with the Linnean fpecific cha-
racter, is made a variety @ of Sibilla, ‘The fynonyms of the two
infects are ambiguous, and the references not more fatisfactory.
Among others he refers for P. Sibilla, to Drury’s Inf. 2. tab. 16. fig.
1, 2,—f0 Roefel Inf.3. tab. 70. fig. 1, 2, 3—and to Scheffer 152 7.
fig. 1, 2.. The two laft are perhaps the fame fpecies: the firft is un-
queftionably different. For P. Camilla he refers to Roefel tab. 33.
jig. 3, and this agrees with our fpecimen, except in the colours of
the upper furface being fomewhat paler ; fo that we may conclude

our Englifh Infeé&t is not only the P. Camilla of Linnzus but alfo
the 8 Camilla of Fabricius.

‘The ultimate opinion cf Fabricius is however different, for in the
Entomologia Syfiematica fince publifhed, Camilla and Sibilla ftands a
dictin@ fpecies ; and Camilla is thus defcribed, ‘¢ alis dentatis atris
coeruleo micantibus: fafcia utrinque maculari alba, pofticis fubtus
bafi argentea immaculata.” Linn. Syf. Nat. 2. 781. 187. habitat
in Aufiria. ‘Thus P. Camilla will no longer agree with our infe&,
nor with that figured by Reefel, plate 33. fig 3. But if we refer

to the Syftema Nature of Linnzus, we difcover another error, for

* Roefel’s figure, vol. 3. tab. 70. has an obfcure red band entirely acrofs the pofterior
wings.—=Schzffer’s figure has no trace of red.on that part.

+ Erratum.—-Defigned for 153—for 152 is the German variety of Papilio Iris, Purple
Emperor Butterfly.

inftead

Pa Ah BY CCR LY. 7

inftead of the above quoted fpecific character, Linnzus only fays,
«¢ Alis dentatis fufcis fubconcoloribus albo fafciatis maculatifque,
-angulo ani rubro.” p. 781.187. and this is clearly our infe@t.—
From this the whole of the Fabrician account is obvioufly acom-
plicated error of defcription and fynonyms, and without attempting
to inveftigate it further, we fhall fpeak of both fpecies as they
appear to us.

We confider the Common Englifh Admirable, as the true P.
Camilla ; and that Sibilla, and not Camilla is the Auftrian fpecies,
as we have received it from that country ; it is much darker in the
upper Surface, and has a row of fhining blue fpots all round the wings:
the dajfe of the poflerior wings, beneath filvery and without pots, as
Fabricius defcribes his Camilla. Our infect on the contrary has
no row of blue fpots on the upper furface, but a red fpot at the inner
angle of the pofterior wings ; the bafe of the lower wings are alfo

Silvery beneath, but has black fpots upon it. They differ in many
other refpects: thefe alone determine them to be two fpecies, and
ours to be the Camilla of Linnzus.

We have infpected the drawings of Mr. Jones, from which Fa-
_ bricius defcribes moft of his Papiliones, and are confirmed in our
opinion.

K 3 | PLATE

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ens pot 0% ati ae ae ve 2 iold, Lk i
ian he ge a! ve iid oy ‘ed? an at OD scotx otodt :

R vate iat Lan: *

Pips Komp’ fo, stliees odie
eye Ns sich PES 3 ah uae mis b Rainy cae are

ns : Sh Gin aoa’ Po al i i’ Aa of toda
| ta tt oN aoa rig: bets paoiliqs aid to foe ondisstoe

f 5
( am - §
Ca 4 AEX Pay i
, A : An a 4
) i f PORES ls YR ORE en AMGEN Meee, aol ACY §
i i fen 4
f 5 het ee
‘ ria + Diy ery
{
15) joes fs
4 is Lin Vitel
S20 vei y ih
\ a
if . é f a +E
y # ff t REM A sy i get J
.
ie ;
© Nye
‘ La
i < te 4
iy yee art a y
wy a +i ; ‘ — _
- _* .
7 .
, I
wh, x
" a ‘ J hs 7‘ ,
ty 4 t
‘ 4
A \
« = “I
ay Z 2
= “a r] ay heh 4
: 1 i "3 r EF BA yh, wit
; . wie
Vs 2 iy
4 , Pe .
a ae eur F ae
RAT EE } Md ( Ce ae ‘a Ai
ay = v ~
‘ SMe a.
2 x
TALI o2
' ie
‘
k

3
”

%

pcre:

Pina’! BE CCXLY.

CIMEX FLAVO-MARGINATUS.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Roftrum inflected. Antenne longer than the thorax, wings
folded crofswife, thorax margined. Feet formed for running.

ane GHARACTER.

Black, longitudinal Ite | 0 a seme. Scutellum, exterior mar-
gin of the elytra, and nf the a yellow.

CIMEXx Ride ce niger, thoracis lateribus lineaque

dorfali, feutello elytrorumque Margine apiceque ma-
cula flavis.

A nondefcript fpecies: it was found on a thiftle.

The line at fig. 1 denotes the natural fize.

K 4 PLATE

Ne crignevtil said stnl : aiomtal
ee a aan *

ame bcs nem 1 :2ainagh rghit

ua | ; aaa ee ie. Wristart ati eonuitad

ter]

ae NG: ee ED COE es
’ wag

=

FIG.

PHALENA PAR’

LEPIDOPTERA.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Antennz taper from the bafe. Wings in general deflexed when
at reft. Fly by night.

SPECIFIGQG GHARACTER

a
bias

, Wo SYPanp
q”¢ “sYNon rms.
Wings deflexed. ‘rita pair with greyifh waved bars acrofs.

Second pair orange-red, having a large triangular black {pot at the
interior edge. ie
Puarana Partuentas: Linn. Syft. Nat. 2. 835.94. Fn. Sv.
1160. ~ wi ae, iy ae :
Bomsyx Vipu4, alis deflexis fufcis: anti is ¢
pofticis macula bafeos fafci

Gee eek —

This fpecies was defcribed by Linnzeus as Phalena Parthenias ; Fa-
bricius alters it to Vidua. It is not figured by any author unlefs the
Ph. Geom. Glauco fafciata Gozii, figured in Kleman. T. 1. tab. 40.
Jig. 4) 5, be the fame infect,

Found

aa PL A TSE} CCXLVL

Found on the white Poplar. (Populi Alba). It is a rare Infe&
and has been taken in Hornfey Wood in May.

eo. |
_ PHALENA DUBITATA.
i b
ec | | Tissue Morn.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER, cee

Antennz fetaceous, wings waved with ieee grey and tack.
The nerves of the wings {potted with white.
_ PHALANA DUBITATA, feticornis alis obfcuris fufco cinereoque
undatis: nervis albo punctatis, Fab. Ent. Syft. T.
2 gh, 2, 168. fas !
Wie -. 10g. 3.

Phalena d

ses taken neat Bath, LE eerie val xvamad

PLATE

{ 33 ]

PLA TE CCXLVIL

PSePLETO PAPHERA:
SILvER STRIPE FRITILLARY BUTTERFLY,

LEPIDOPTERA.

GENERIC CHARACTER. |

Antennz clubbed at the ends, Wings erect, when at reft. Fly
by day.

“SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND

SYNONYMS.

Wings dentated fulvous, fpotted with black, under-fide ftriped
with filver.

Paritio Paruia: Alis dentatis fulvis nigro maculatis, fubtus faf-
' clis argenteis. Linn. Sy. Nat. 2. 786, 209.
fn, Sv, 1064.
Geoffr. Inf. 2. 4.2. 8.
Reef. Inf. pap. 1 tab. 7.
Schaff. Icon. tab. 27. fig. 3. 4."
Wilks pap. 57. tab. 2, a. 7.

Papilio Paphia is an elegant fpecies of the Britifh Papiliones.
In fize, colour, and general appearance of the upper fide it is very
fimilar to Papilio Agala ; in the underfide, it is extremely different.

Both

84 PLAT Be COXLVIL

Both of thefe Butterflies are remarkable for that pecular fhining ap+
pearance of polifhed filver with which a few other of the european
Fritillary Butterflies are ornamented ; but in Papilio Agala, this
filver is difpofedin diftin@ fplathes or fpots, while in Papilio Paphia
it appears in tranfverfe ftreaks. Thefe ftreaks are finely foftened
into the red and olive, green of the wings, and produce altogether a
fingular and charming effect. It is from the latter circumftance
the early Englifh collectors termed this the filver-wa/b Fritillary.

The Caterpillar of this butterfly is found on the grafs in May. It
is of a plain yellowifh brown, with feveral longitudinal ftripes of
dark brown; it is alfo thickly befet with barbed fpines, a quarter of
an inch in length, and has in particular two of a remarkable form on
the firft annulation next the head. It remains in the chryfalis twenty
or twenty one days ; andappears in the winged ftate early in June.

, ft! Mae

ih

p2 sso f

Pt AT BE GURL IN.

Bok Gord, ocd
PHALEANA ATQMARIA.

Dark Heato Morn. |

GENERIC CHA RACTER.

Antennz taper from the bafe. Wings in general deflexed when
at reft. Fly by night.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND

SYNONYMS.

: y + “y f 4

Antenne feathered. Wings entirely yellowifh; with bands of
brown, and the whole thickly f{prinkled with atoms of the fame
colour.

PHatzna ATOMARIA: pectinicornis ; alis omnibus lutefcentibus
fafciis atomifque fufcis. Linn. Faun. Suec. 1245.—
Syft. Nat. p. 862. n. 214.

Phalena ifofelata. Scop. carn. 558. female.

Phalzna pennata. Scop. carn. 569. male.

ey

es
The Dark Heath Moth is confidered as the Phalzna Atomaria of
Linnzeus, in the Faun. Suec. and Syftema Nature. Fabricius adopts
the Linnzan character, though in the Synonyms it is confounded:
with another Geometre, the Hirtaria of fome‘entomologifts. He
refers to the Phalena ifjofelata and Phalena pennata of Scopoli, which
are evidently the two fexes of the Dark Heath Moth; but the Infe&
figured in Plate XXXIV. Kieman’s Inf. is very diftin&t, and is the
P, Hirtaria before alluded to. We cannot but’ obferve how clofely
9 . the

86 PLA TB: Cexvyvil.
the Linnzan defcription will apply in this inftanee, to two InfeG@s
which at firft fight appear fo extremely different.

This fpecies is very common on heaths in May. The male is
much darker in colour than the female, and has curious peétinated
and ciliated antennz, as Scopoli obferves. The female has been
miftaken for a diftin& fpecies.

BiG. i.
PHALZENA CLATHRATA.

Pate Heatu Motu.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER

AND

SYNONYMS.

Antenne fetaceous. Wings entirely yellowifh, with tranfverfe
and longitudinal dark lines interfe@ting each other.

PHALZNA CLATHRATA: feticornis alis omnibus flavefcentibus :
lineis nigris decuffatis. Lyn. Sy/t. Nat. 2. 867. 238.
—Ln. Su. 1275.—Fab. Ent. Syft. 3. ps 2. p. 183.
194.
Scheff. Icon. tab. 216. ek 2. 3s
Scop. Carn. 536.
Sulz. Hift. Inf. tab. 23. fig. 2

This is a rare infe&t, except in Kent, where Dr. Latham informs
us it is more common than the preceding fpecies. Both fexes are
very fimilar to the female Dark Heath Moth. The larva is un-
known, but is fuppofed to feed on the Erica, being always found on
thefe plants in the winged ftate. ‘Thefe infeCts have been called
Heath Moths becaufe they live in heaths, chalk-pits, and other

barren places.—The Moths appear in June.
PLATE

Peet

DER
cy ee

DLBRARY ©.
NIVERSITY

ar Ses oS
My wat”
est ee

Se

249

OD "4

“PLATE CCXLIX.
ES ERP a i

CURCULIO RUEUS.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Antenne fubclavated, feated in the fnout or probofcis, which is
prominent.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Snout long. Feet formed for leaping, entirely red, except the eyes,
which are black.

CurcuLio ruFus: longiroftris pedibus faltatoriis, totus rufis,
‘4 oculis nigris folis exceptis. MMarfh. MS.

Tse a

Probably a new fpecies ; it differs from the Curculio Quercus of the
Faun Suec, and Curculio viminalis of Ent. Syf?. in having the abdomen
red, and being rather larger.

Pet Gvedh sit;

CMURCULLOVALN TI.

COLEOPTERA.
SPECIFIC CHARACT ER:

Snout long. Feet formed for leaping. Elytra livid red, with two
ob{cure {pots.

CiRCcULIO

88 PLATE CCK

Curcutto Ati: longiroftris, pedibus faltatoriis elytris lividis,
_ maculis duabus obfcuris. Faun. Suec 608.—Fab. Ents
Syft. I. 445. 216. © )

Feeds on the leaves of the Alder.

The fmalleft infe@ at F ig. 2. reprefents the natural fize.

FIG. MII.
CURCULIO TENUIROSTRIS.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Snout long, thighs dentated, black, a fhort tranfverfe white {tripe
on the elytra. Antennz red.

Curculio tenuiroftris: longiroftris, femoribus dentatis niger, elytris
albo fubfafciatis, antennis rufis. Fab. Ent. Syft. I.
p. 2. 443. 204.

— nal

Defcribed by Fabricius from the cabinet of Sir Jofeph Banks, Bart,
without a reference to any figure. His general defcription is, Minor.
C.Ceraforum. Caput nigrum roftro tenui, atro, glabro. Antennz
rufz clava cinerea. Thorax niger pilis breviffimis cinereis. Scu-
tellum cinereum. Elytra nigra fafciis plurimis, undatis pallidio-

ribus.

PLATE

7

ee gan]

PEAT Couns

PAPILIO. BETULA,

Brown Harr Streak BuTTeERFLy.

LEPIDOPTERA.

GENERIC CHARACTER.
Antennz clubbed. Wings ere when at reft. Fly by day.

Yar
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
agi
ND
SYNONYMS.

Wings furnifhed with {mall tails. fie, brown; beneath yel-
fowifh, with two white ftripes on the polterior wings.

Papilio Betula: alis fubcaudatis foleis#fubtus luteis: pofticis ftrigis

duabus albis. Lyn. Sy/?. Nat. 2. 220,— fu. Sv. 1070.
Hefperia Betula. Fad. Ent. Sy. ,

Geoff. Inf. 2. 58. 27.

tlbin, Inf. tab. 5. fig. 7

' Ernft, Pap. Europ. 1. tab. 35. fig. 7.
Hufnag. Inf. tab. 12. fig. 1.
Petiv.. Gazopb. tab, 11. fig. 11.

6

TK

4%
Sab

=|

The male of this fpecies is diftinguifhed by a large fulvous mark
or fpot on the anterior wings. ‘The larva is very remarkable, being
broad and flat. It is found in the months of May and June on the
Alder and Sloe. Changes to Chryfalis the firft week in July. The
Flies appear in Augutt.

L WP LA We

i

fy, ditocl, Jeeta

beh iD} iho 4% Ate
Bit hh ids ee 4 Peis,

monk

mK ~: art Mi hah it a

Ay Q ‘ Poe een
Tay! it ‘igrast! . ey, eau gael Ee ,

251

(uae 2

BL A ey COLL.

el Ga E
PHALZNA SUBERARIA.
_ Wavepd Cine Morn.

LEPIDOPTERA.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Antennz taper from the bafe. Wings in general deflexed wheu
- at reft. Fly by night. ;

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Antenne peCtinated, yellowifh. A dark ferruginous dafh acrofs
the fuperior wings, and a band of ‘the fame on ‘the inferior pair.
The whole of the upper furface ftreaked with numerous irregular
tran{verfe lines.

_PHALZNA SUBERARIA: peétinicornis lutefcens, alis fuperioribus
litura, inferioribus fafcia fufco ferrugineis, omnibus

ftrigofis. Marjham MS.

The Waved Umber Moth is found on the Oak in May. It is
defcribed only in the MS. of T. Marfham, Efq.

fs FIG.

92 PpL VAY #6," CCEL

FEG* i
PHALENA’ LACERTINARIA.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND

SYNONYMS,

_ Antenne feathered. Wings much indentated, yellowifh brown.
Two dark lines acrofs the anterior wings, and a light fpot i in the
middle. Pofterior wings without any marks.

PuaLana LAcERTINARIA, pectinicornis alis erofis lutefcentibus:
ftrigis duabus punétoque medio fufcis, pofticis imma-
culatis. Lin. Sy/?. Nat. 2. 860. 204. |
Fab. Ent. Syft. To 3. Ps 2 135.

Schaef. Icon. tab. 66. fig. 2. 3.
Degeer. Inf. 1. tab. 10. fig. 7. 8.
Reaum. Inf. 2. tab. 22. fig. 4—6.

Found on the Oak in May and June.

*
f baal

Bis TR’ CCL 93

BOD Geil,
PHALENA MACULATA,
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Wings yellow {potted with black,

| Poatana Macutata: feticornis alis flavis nigro maculatis.
Fab. Ent. Syft. T. 3. p. 2 197. 244.
Phalzena Macularia. Lynn. Sy/?, Nat. 2. 862. 213.

Sera ERIEEnnnniieeeems sooo nennieneneneEEEEE

Extremely common about the hedges in the vicinity OF London
Aluring the months of June and July.

loz PLATE

VEE2

Log 9

Pe ACY B® CCLIL.

PG.) le 5
CIMEX VITTATUS

‘v
GENERIC, CHARACTER.
ee

Roftrum infle@ed. Antennz Jonger than the thorax. Wings
_ folded crofswife. Back flat. Thorax margined. Feet formed for

running.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Black. Anterior and pofterior part of the thorax yellow: fcutellum
yellow. Bafe of the antennz, and elytra red; the latter with a lon-
-gitudinal whitifh ftripe: and bent in at the apex.

Cimex Virtartus: thorace anterius pofteriufque fcutelloque flavis,
antennarum bafi elytrifque rufis: vitta apiceque in-

flexo albis. Gmel. Syft. Nat. p. 2166. x. 631 2

Taken on the Rofe. Fig. I. I. natural fize, and magnified.

yy. es

BEG. Int.
CIMEX POPULI.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
‘Oblong. Whitifh, clouded and fprinkled with brown. Antenn>

fetaceous.
L 4 Cimex

96 PLATE, CUT

Cimex Poru tt: oblongus albo fufcoque nebulofus antennis fetaceis.
Linn. Faun. Suec. 963. )

Very common againft the trunks of trees, the Poplar in parti-
cular.

LINNAZAN

LENNAAN INDEX

TO
Vr eer ON iT.
COLEOPTERA.
Plate Fig,
Dermeftes Pellio - - - UR eh ake
Scaraboeides - - - ib. 4.
Coccinella Annulata _ ~ - - QAMay De De
14 guttata . - - = ib. I.
Caffidoides ~ = - ib. 2.
Curculio Rufus - = - - pv w as
- Alni - - ~ - ib. a
—- Tenuiroftris - ae hie ib. a
Attelabus Apiarius - - - 16 NN
- Formicarius - = - ib. 2.
Carabus Violaceus - - - PDO TRS 5
Gemmatus - - - ib. 2.
— Granulatus - pa ann ae TDs yah) Be
Meloe Teéta - - - — 240.
HEMIPTERA.
Cimex Gonymelas - AN a BUG. ov De
-- Hzmorrhoidalis - - - ib. 2
——- Vittatus - - - - 252. -
——- Populi - - - - ib. Qo
——- Flavo marginatus - - ~ digarltomig:
NEU ROP-

Len SO. DSME vax.

LEPIDOPTERA.

Papilio Hyale fa
— Edufa “i

eho 2 Cama) || y=

——— Paphia =

Cinxia -
——— + Lucina -
—— Betulze 2
——— Hippothoe ?

Corydon -

Sphinx Convolvult
Larva et Pupa
— Populi =
Phalzena Monacha

— Vidua -
——— Comprefla
—— Trepida
——_— Nupta -
—— Maura -
= Lucipata
es Vemle ~ -
pee Wviehenes
———- Tragopoginis
——— Myrtilli
___—=~° Prodomaria

uy Betularia
a Praga © =
——— Duplicata
Vefpertaria
—— Chezrophyllata
——~+— Dubitata
Atomaria
we—— Clathrata
Suberaria
__—— Lacertinaria
——— Maculata

Plate Fig.
L 2386 ml.
= ib. 2.
= 2440
- 247
- J. by ee
= ib. 2.
- 250.
- Q57~
- 226... Epa.
- 228.
- 2.29.
- 241.
- 227,
- 246. 1.
- + ae
= ib. T.
~ DIN
- 230q.\\ ag
- ib. 2.
- 0: DaRO
- ib. a:
: iD. oe
- 221.
- 219,
- 237
- 220), ae
- ib. 2.
- ib. 2
Es ib. 4.
- 240. Bs
= BAe) } LiBe
- ib. 2
- 25i- Ie
- ib. Qe
- ib. 3.

NEUROPTERA.

Fo nel

Tenthredo Lutea
Sirex Spectrum
Chryfis Cyanea
Vefpa Vulgaris

iW Di Bvxye

NEUROPTERA,

' Phryganea Rhombica - Z =

Plate Fig.
220.

234.
227.
235:
226,

ALPHABETICAL _

MIA BE LUCA LassliN Ee

Alni, Curculio -
Annulata, Coccinella
Apiarius, Attelabus
Atomaria, Phalzna

Betularia, Phalzena —
Betulz, Papilio -

Camilla, Papilio -
Caffidoides, Coccinella
Chzrophyllata, Phalzna
Cinxia, Papilio = -

- Clathrata, Phalzna
Compreffla, Phalzna
Convolvuli, Sphinx
————— Pupa, ditto
Corydon, Papilio
Cyanea, Chryfis

Derafa, Phalzna .
Dubitata, Phalzna
Duplicata, Phalzna

Edufa, Papilio a

Plate

249

243
231
248
237
250
244.
243
233
242
248
239
228
229
236
235

2223
246
233

238

= mM N pp
iS)

NH Woe & W&

pops

»

Flavo-

iN D 2 OR,

Flavo-marginatus, Cimex
Formicarius, Attelabus
Gemmatus, Carabus

~ Gonymelas, Cimex
Granulatus, Carabus}

Hemorrhoidalis, Cimex
Hippothoe? Papilio
Hyale, Papilio -

Lacertinaria, Phalena
Lichenes, Phalzna
Lucina, Papilio -
Lucipara, Phalena
Lutea, Tenthredo
Maculata, Phalena -
Maura, Phalzna
Myrtilla, Phalena

Nupta, Phalena -

Paphia, Papilio 4
Pellio, Dermeftes
Populi, Sphinx -
Populi, Cimex -
Prodromaria, Phalzena
Prunaria, Phalena
14-guitata, Coccinella

Rhombica, Phryganea
Rufus, Curculio -

Scaraboeides, Dermefies
SpeCtrum, Sirex = -
Suberaria, Phalzna

4

Plate
245
231
2.2.2,
218
222,

218
217
2.38

251
2.23
2A%
230
234
251
230
221

224.

247
231
241
252
219
233
243

220

249

231
nee
251

Figs

Tedcta,

} Plate Fig.
Tea, Meloe = 4 = - 240
Tenuiroftris, Curculio - = - QB \..'Bia
Tragopoginis, Phalena — - - - yl ee 3
Trepida, Phalzna - - - W3Qi.. Te
Vefpertaria, Phalzna - - - Zeige
Vidua, Phalena - = - - QAB jhe
Violaceus, Carabus - = - PLLA
Vittatus, Cimex - - = = OO. Bae

Vulgaris, Vefpa ss - “ - - 226

bat
Anis

Ta ,

baad
ba ba al

eS =

* | |
™ é
4
. 4
?

*]