FE fae
al Ss NY:

db
on y

i Lena.
iE Neha
ve hate

4 NSS ae
"4 :
} Lee pnt
Roane eae
fobs py oy
Wee sy sis

Smithsonian
Institution
Libraries

Purchased with
a Gift from
DR. STORRS L. OLSON
and the
CULLMAN ENDOWMENT

Pre Pe a

Ree

Byars
j

Rio

Bae er
ge

cn ah
gr

Bao

Bee

Wee
Rae

ie?
"

aes
Wee piesa

tA)
foie,

Rat

BR ie

Sy

ee
1 ied i
: whae
i ee 4
Cet Pa

wai P uk
NT ae

THE
NATURAL HISTORY

OF

Pert Ss Teh kD s:

OR, A
SELECTION of THE MOST RARE, BEAUTIFUL, ano INTERESTING
Beh Ropes
WHICH INHABIT THIS COUNTRY :
THE DESCRIPTIONS FROM THE

Syvos f £ M AON AL UCR @

OF
Le loON ON A OS:
WITH

GENERAL OBSERVATIONS,

EITHER ORIGINAL, OR COLLECTED FROM THE LATEST
AND MOST ESTEEMED

ENGLISH ORNITHOLOGISTS;

AND EMBELLIHED WITH
EF GG Oye R RS;

DRAWN, ENGRAVED, AND COLOURED FROM THE ORIGINAL SPECIMENS,»

By E. DONOVAN.

VOL, VIIL.

LONDON:

PRINTED FOR THE AUTHOR; AND FOR F, C. AND J. RIVINGTON,
No. 62, ST, PAUL'S CHURCH-YARD, 18137,

we

>
,
‘

oe

Gs

ee

é
4
x

Nh
>

3

ad

ity

BAT yr CRO X UL.

TEANGA ISLANDICA.

RED SANDPIPER.

GRALLZ.

GENERIC CHARAGTE R.
Bill roundifh, as long as the head: noftrils fmall, linear: tongue

flender : feet four-toed : the hind-toe of one joint, and raifed from the

ground.

SPECIFIC CBaAwhACTER
AND

SYNONYMS.

Bill and legs fufcous: back variegated with fufcous, rufous, and
black: body beneath ferruginous: fecondary quill-feathers @lged

with white.

Trinca Isnanpica: roftro pedibufque fufcis, dorfo fufco rufo
nigroque variegato: corpore fubtus ferrugineo
remigibus fecundariis margine albis.

Trinca Istanpica: roftro pedibusque fufcis, corpore fubtus
ferrugmeo remigibus fecundariis margine albis.
Gmel. 682. 24.

Voz, VILL. B /TRINGA

PLATE): CLAXIM.

Trinca FERRUGINEA. Brinn. Orn. n. 180.

Rep Sanpprper. Brit. Zool. 2. n. 202. 6.72.

ABERDEEN SANDPIPER. Brit. Zool. 2. n. 203.—Lath. Gen,
Syn. 3. I. p. 186. n. 84.

The fpecimen of the Red Sandpiper, originally depofited in the
Leverian Mufeum, and thence defcribed by Englifh authors, has been
in our poffeffion from the period in which that Mufeum was difperfed ;
and as our own Mufeum was allowed to remain open to public view
for fome years fince that time, the appearance of this bird may be
perhaps familiar to many of our readers, for it can fcarcely be imagmed
that any vifitor would have negleéted to beftow fome attention towards

this elegant and truly interefting fpecies.

As a Britifh Bird, the Red Sandpiper was always, we believe,
confidered rare. It is indeed recorded to have appeared occafionally,
and even flocks of them have been obferved; but from peculiar cir-
cuftances few of thefe had been procured, and it remained a rarity
till the fpring of 1812 afforded this curious bird in fome plenty, A
flock of them, as we underftand, was feen at that time in the fens,
and feveral of thefe being captured in the fowling-nets, they pafled ,
very fortunately from the wild-fowl dealers of the London market
into the hands of Mr. Corbet, an ingenious preferver of birds, by
whom they were prepared for the cabinet, and who has fince

furnithed feveral of the principal collections with the fpecimens they
pofiefs. ?

PLATE CLXXIITI.

One of thefe laft-mentioned birds is now in our own poffeffion : it
differs in no material particular from the origimal bird, which is at
prefent before us, and with which we have compared it with due at-
tention; the only diffimilarity confifts in the general hue of the upper
parts of the plumage, in the more recent fubjeét being fomewhat darker,

aud the lower more deeply rufo-ferruginous.

Notwithftanding the apparent {carcity of this kind of Sandpiper, it
fhould be remarked however, that there is fome reafonable grounds
for believing, that itis only rare to us in this more lively ftate of
plumage; that in its ordinary drefs we fhould recognize it to be no
other than the Tringa Canutus, the bird familiarly known to our
poulterers by the name of the Knot-bird. This idea was firft fug-
gelted by the appearance of one of the Knot-birds, which we met with
fome years ago among a parcel of the common kind in Leadenhall
market. ‘The whole of the lower furface had affumed a richly varied
intermixture of brown with the white feathers, and dufky crefcent-like
marks of the neck, breaft, and fides of the abdomen; and befides
this fpecimen, there was another, the breaft of which had began to
aflume the fame ruddy afpect. ‘The correfpondence in this refpe&t was
firiking ; but there was nothing in the upper furface of the plumage
to diftinguifh it from the common Kuot; unlike the true Icelandic
Sandpiper, it was entirely deftitute of that elegant intermixture of
black and oblong fpots of ruft colour, which appears confpicuous in
the example we have reprefented, and which Linneus confiders

chara€leriftic of the Iceland fpecies,

Thefe laft-mentioned birds were placed in the fpring of 1812, with
other varieties of the Knot-bird, in our Mufeum, in a fituation imme-
diately contiguous to the original fpecimen of the Red Sandpiper, in

B 2 order

PLATE CLXNIII

erder that every obferver might be enabled to form his own judgment
as to the relative conneétion of the two birds, and itis, we may be
allowed to conceive, from the publicity thus afforded them, that an
opinion has arifen of the Common Knot and the Iceland Sandpiper,

being only the winter and fummer drefs of the fame bird.

In a future plate we fhall fubmit a portrait of the rufous bellied
Knot, above defcribed, to the attention of our readers ; together with
fuch information as we may conceive likely to elucidate the obfcurity

that feems to prevail refpeéting them.

Length of the original fpecimen of the Red Sandpiper eleven

inches ; of the one recently captured about ten inches.

PLATE

PLACE CLXXI.
LARUS MARINUS ».
WAGEL GULL.
ANSERES. |

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Bill ftraight, fharp edged, a little falcated at the tip, and toothlefs:
lower mandible gibbous below the point: noftrils linear, broader on

the fore part, and placed in the middle of the bill.

SPECIFIC CHAR#EIER
AND
SYNONYMS.

Varied brown, ath and white with brown fpots: band of black on
the tail, tip white. |

Larus Marinusy. Lath. Ind. Orn. 814.6. —

Larus Nagvivus: albus, dorfo cinereo, re€tricibus apice nigris.
Gmel. Litin. Syft. 598. 5.

Larus Varivus. Briinn. Orn. n. 150.

Larus Macutatus. Briinn. N° 146. young bird?

Le Goiland varié, ou le Grifard. Bris. Orn. 6. p. 167. 5. pl. 15.—
Buff. Oif: 8. p. 413. pl. 33.—Pl. Enl. 266.

Wagel, Burgo-mafter of Groeland, Great Grey Gull, Rai Syn. p.
130. 4.13.—Will. Orn. p. 349. pl. 66.

Wagel. Br. Zool. 2... 247. A.—<Ardt, Zool, N® 453.

PLATE CLXXIV.

To reconcile the various opinions that have prevailed among na-
turalifts refpeéting the identity of fome fpecies of the Gull tribe would
be a tafk of more than ordinary difficulty: the tranfitions of their
plumage, refulting from the effeéts of climate, the feafons of the year,
the difference of fex, and the various periods of their growth, pre-
clude the poffibility of {peaking with any pofitive degree of precifion
in fome infiances, and in no one more it would appear upon the
teftimony of the beit writers, than in the identity of the fpecies be-

fore us.

Among the firft of thefe opinions we may mention that of Linneus,
who confidered it as the Herring Gull in the firft year’s plumage.
Fabricius, the author of Fuuna Groenlaendica, on the contrary cons
ceived it to be the young of the Black-backed Gull, and Pennant
concludes that it is not an immature bird, but the female of the Black-
backed Guill.

It would have tended much to confolidate the two firft of thefe
opinions had the conclufions offered by Dr. Latham in his general
Synopfis, been efiablithed by later obfervation; namely, that the
Herring Gull and the Black-backed Gull are of the fame fpecies ;.
but the contrary of this opinion has been fo clearly afcertained, that
in a fubfequent prodution, (Index Orn.) Dr. Latham himfelf aban-
dons that idea, and admits the Herring Gull and Black-backed Gull
to be fpecifically diftinét.—This is our own opinion: we have the two
fexes of both fpecies in very perfect order of maturity im our own
Mufeum, and from a due comparifon of thefe, we cannot entertain
the leaft diftruft of the accuracy of this laft conclufion. In ftating
this, the reader will perceive that the idea of the Wagel being the
female of the Black-backed Gull, as Mr. Pennant imagines, is not

admifible, the female of that fpecies being altogether diffimilar. .

But

PLATE CLXXIV.

But although Dr. Latham divides the Black-backed Gull from the
Herring Gull in his Index Ornithologicus, he does not feparate the
Wagel from the firft-mentioned fpecies, but places it as a variety, or
rather as the young of that bird Larus Marinus y. ‘This arrangement
is, we believe, founded on attual obfervation of the fpecies in the
various ftages of its growth, or we might be inclined, from the general
appearance of the bird, to follow, in preference, the example of Gmelin,
who eftablifhes the Wagel as a diftinct fpecies, fubject to fome va-
riations, under the fpecific name of Naevius. The Wagel is a large
bird meafuring, in length, two or three feet, and exceeding, when
full grown, the ordinary fize of the Black-backed Gull; it is alfo
confiderably larger than the Herring Gull which, in point of fize, is
inferior to the Black-backed Gull *,

* Mr. Montagu, in his Ornithological Dictionary, remarks, that “ the appellation
(Wacret Gut) has been affigned to feveral {pecies of the genus in the mottled infant
plumage ; and as there is no {uch bird claiming f{pecific diftinction, it fhould be erafed
as fuch from the pages of Ornithology.” Suppl. ‘This aflurance deferves confideration 5
for if it be correct it muft prove the fallacy of all difcuffion upon the fubjeé, as the
Wagel will be identified in the young of feveral fpecies of the Gull tribe, which in their
perfect ftate are acknowledged to be fpecifically diftinct, But we cannot yield entirely
to an obfervation which, in our opinion, teftifies a precipitancy of conclufion beyond
even whiat the author himfelf intended, for he confiders in another place the Wagel as the
young of the Black-backed Gull alone. That the young of all the Gull tribe have
the plumage mottled in the early periods of their growth, is a fact fufficiently known,
but every individual poffeffes yet fome ftriking peculiarity of the adult bird, by which
the judgment of the fkilful Ornithologift may be direéted, and we think fuccefsfully,
to the determination of the {pecies; and in proof of this, we cannot doubt that the true
Wagel may always be diflinguifhed from the reft of the Gull tribe in their mottled ftate
of plumage.

With refpe& to the Wagel when full grown, its ordinary fize is known to exceed that
of the Biack-backed Gull, a circumftance that does not arife from the greater laxity of
the feathers as might be imagined in admitting it to be the younger bird; but from the
bird itfelf being a€tually larger than the Black-backed Gull at the full maturity. This
would tend, at leaft in fome degree, to prove that it might not be the © infant off

fpring” of that bird, although there may be certain inflances in fome fpecies of the
young bird being larger than the adult,

Thefe

PLATE CLXXIV.

Thefe birds occur on the fea fhore and in the vicinities of great
rivers in various parts of Britain, but it is faid not in any confider-
able plenty. In fevere winters they have been known to vifit the
banks of the Thames in company with others of the Gull tribe, and
one fhot near Richmond, about twenty years ago, by a well-informed
fportf{man was tranf{mitted to us as a rarity. Within a few years paft
they appear to have become more common about the banks of the
Thames, and in that of 1812 im particular, when they occurred in
fome abundance. It may not be amifs to add, that in the fummer of
the year 1801, we were favoured with a recent fpecimen of the Wagel
(fhot in Cornwall) from the late Mr. Hutchins, a very intelligent.
Ornithologift, the plumage of which did not differ from that of the

Wagels thot in winter, as before mentioned.

PLATE

pe Ne,
Paes:

Shaadi
Fi), ue

PEAY
qian

PLATE CLXXV.
HIRUNDO UR@ICA,

HOUSE MARTIN.

PAssERES.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Bill fmall, weak, curved, fubulate, and deprefied at the bafe: gape
larger than the head: tongue fhort, broad cleft: wings long: tail

generally forked.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND

SYNONYMS.

Blue-black, beneath white: tail without fpots.

Hirunpo Ursica: nigro-coerulefcens fubtus alba, retricibus ims
maculatis. Lath. Ind. Orn. 573.

Hirunpo Ursica: retricibus immaculatis, dorfo nigro-coeru-
lefcente, tota fabtus alba. Linn. Fn. Suec. 271.
—Linn. Syft. I. p. 344. 3—Gmel. Syft. I.
p- 1017.

Hirundo minor f. ruftica, Briff, av. 2. p. 490. 2. 2.

Hirundo ruftica f, agreftis Plinii. Raj. av. p. 71. n. 2,—Mill. Orn.
p. 155. t. 39.

Vou. VIII. C Hiron-

PLATE. CLAM@s

Hirondelle 4 cul blanc. Buf. 6. p. 614. €. S5.i7- 2.

Le Petit Martinet. Pl. Endl. 542. f. 2.

Martin, Martuer, or Martiner. Will. (Angl.) p. 213.
t. 30.— Alb. 2. t. 56. a.

Lath. Gen. Syn. 4. p. 564. 3.—Id. Suppl.
p-» 192.

The Houfe Martin differs from the Sand Martin, which we have
already given in this Work, in fome very ftriking particulars. It isa
larger bird, and unlike that fpecies which forms its refidence in
the banks of fand, in fituations folitary and remote from the habi-
tations of man; this little intruder, emboldened by familiarity,
conftruéts its nefts, and breeds under the cornices and eaves of our
houfes, agamft our windows, or amongft the thatch, wherever a con-
venient refting place is afforded; but not in chimnies like fwallows.
Their neft is compofed of mud and a few twigs or fticks, and lined
with feathers; and the eggs, which in the firft laying are five in
number, in the fecond four, and in the third three, are of a white

colour. ‘There are two or more broods in the year.

This fpecies is more abundant than the common Swallow, and
though many build and breed here, the Houfe Martin performs an
annual migration like that of the common Swallow, and nearly about
the fame time. They arrive in England about twenty days before

the Swallow, and depart again in Autumn.

It is a fmall bird, being only five inches and a half in length ;

the colour above blackifh, very richly gloffed with blue; the wings

brown,

PLATT, ) CLXXY.

brown, and tail uniformly brown gloffed with blue; the plumage
beneath white, and the legs covered with a whitifh down. A fup-
pofed variety that inhabits North America, has the quill and_ tail
feathers tipped with white.

The Houfe Martin, like the reft of its tribe, fubfifts on infeéts,
which it chiefly takes on the wing.

C3 PLATE

/

4

PLATE CLXXVI.

LARUS RIDIBUNDUS ¥y.
BROWN-HEADED GULL.
ANSERES.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Bill ftraight, fharp-edged, a little falcated at the tip and toothlefs,
lower mandible gibbous below the poimt: noftrils linear, broader on

the fore part, and placed in the middle of the bill.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND

SYNONYMS.

White, head blackifh : bill and legs red.

Larus Ripisunpus. Linn. Syft. Typ. 925.'9.

Larus Ripigunpvs: albidus, capite nigricante, roftro pedibufque
rubris. Oedm. Nov. Act. Stockh. 1783. 2. n. I.
p- 119. n.Q.

Larus Ripisunpusy : albidus, capite fufco maculis albis, dorfo
cano, rectricibus decem intermediis fafcia nigra.
Lath. Ind. Orn, 819. |

Brown-HEADED Guut. Lath. Syn. 6. p. 383. 11.—Albin. 2.
pl. 86.

Brown-HeapeD Guutt, Leo. Mnf.

The

PLATE: CLAXVE

The length of this bird is fixteen inches; the plumage white,
with the head and neck monfe colour: tail white, and compofed of
twelve feathers ; the exterior one of which on each fide is white and

immaculate, the interior black at the tip, and the bill and legs red.

This is generally believed by Ornithologifts to be the Black-headed
Gull in its fummer ftate of plumage, the dark brown colour of the
head and neck afluming a more intenfe or blacker hue towards

the winter feafon.

The Brown-headed Gulls are found, we underftand, in plenty
along the banks of the Thames and Medway towards the fea; we have
ourfelves feen them among the flocks of gulls that haunt the fhallow
waters off the north of the ifle of Sheppy, in Kent; and we think
alfo about the ifle of Grain, in the fame vicinity. That which we have
reprefented is a Leverian fpecimen; and it may not be improper to
mention this, as the different fuppofed varieties of Larus Ridibundus
feem yet involved in fome obfcurity ; at leaft there is a confiderable

diverfity of opinion among writers refpecting them,

PLATE

cgeee i
eri

PLATE CLXXVIL
THING A NIGRICANS,
PURPLE SANDPIPER.
GRALL.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Bill roundifh, as long as the head: noftrils fmall and linear :

tongue flender: feet four-toed: the hind-toe of one joint raifed from

the ground.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
‘ vee . r “ AND
io “synonyms

roe So. , nee
Citiereons brown = back black with “fab violacéous, ‘gate?

; ye
Sag om
chin and
middle of os abdomen white. Fae hehe
Trinca NicricaNns: cinereo-fufco, dorfo nigro fubviolaceo-nitens,
mento abdomineque albo.
Trinca Nigricans: Blackifh afi: chin and middle of the belly
: white: bafe of the bill and legs red. Linn.
vanf. LV. 40,

The

PLATE CLXXVII.

The defcription of the Purple Sandpiper, inferted in the fourth
volume of the TranfaCtions of the Linnean Society, was taken from a
fpecimen killed at Langharne, on the coaft of Caermarthenfhire, in com-
pany with the Purre: it was killed in the month of January, and two
others of the fame kind having been fhot there the fame winter, it

obtained the trivial name of the Wel{h Sandpiper, and from its colour,

the fpecific name of nigricans.

A figure of the fame bird had previoufly appeared in the work of
Walcot, Syn. 11. ¢. 155, under the name of the Purple Sandpiper ;
and as the bird has been fince found on the coafts of Kent and Suffex,
the appellation of Purple Sandpiper feems more appropriate than the
very local name of Welfh Sandpiper.

Nor is the merit of its original introduction into the Britifh Fauna
even due to Walcot, fince the bird muft have been known as one of
the rareft of our Sandpipers prior to the time in which his Synopfis
was compofed, for long before that period there was a fpecimen of
it in the late Leverian Mufeum, and which, if we miftake not, was

the firft example of this interefting fpecies introduced to public notice.

Having mentioned this, it is equally due, in juftice, to thofe by whom
the fpecies was defcribed to ftate, that whilft it remained among the
Leverian birds it bore the name of the “ Knot,” and it is not im-
poffible, under that defignation, it might have efcaped remark, or
been confidered as a variety of the common Knot. ‘That the fpecies
hada place in the Leverian Mufeum can admit of no diftruft, for we

are in poffeflion of the original bird with the label annexed.

In fubmitting the preceding obfervations to our readers we are

only,

PLATE CLXXVII

only anxious to award the credit of the difcovery of this elegant
Britifh Sandpiper to its true fource: we believe it was Mr. Bolton
who difcovered it ; it was affuredly Sir Afhton Lever who afforded it
publicity. This flight digreffion, we truft, will be the more readily
excufed, when it is further added, that the Purple Sandpiper pafles
ufually among colleétors, even at this period, as an addition to the

Britifh Tringe of recent date. Our remarks, however, teftifv the

'. contrary, and very obvioufly demonftrate that the Purple Sandpiper

of the Leverian Mufeum, has fuffered the fate of many other of its
a _ valuable articles, in having been for years before the public, and yet
_ appearing to have been as little known, or at leaft as little noticed as
if it never had been placed there.

Befides the Leverian fpecimen above recorded, we have another
example of the Purple Sandpiper, captured on the Kentifh coaft within
the laft four or five years, and which merely differs from that fpecimen,
in being fomewhat fmaller or lefs robule, and in having the general
tint of the plumage more inclining to dufky. The length of the

former is nine inches; of the latter, eight inches and three quarters.

Like the reft of the birds that haunt the fea fhores, the Purple
Sandpiper feeds on the fmall marine worms, and infeéts found on the
beach as the tide recedes from the fhore,

Vou, VIII. D PLATE

me
A ; Le
bine ais se a ae
4 swely Hee Fes ALE ty sit Yo sitio ad bei

Nie et a ee a ae die wht or ''

he. hubite one tad cota we ylbarlTs Jew” 3
4

~ b P. A ¥ eA i , :
Rahn a elt od Tin Pal oa eo sift i aT ‘
», , , “
& Y ae rf if hails
es) os mothe 4
=) a ' '
niin Ste), 40) jad? steviinemoy Mies iwelo ery “bae canton”
/ ry * h A 7 = ;
oe
er ene yerahea BA rivera ont te
i‘ ae te Lore teen
Ve cate ie srr ! hep does 8 ul ot guarkeage
| ae he eg ene Piper cam »
aati oil? h lie ee a halal }
. if) oa ively he seers aK ‘Maisant od i ‘esi

wii ost Fhes or ah at et ey sem a5 is a Rr ye i! Bate us teed te

ne
Br.

Rvs a

Be Gly

PLATE CLXXVIIL

ANAS FERINA.
GREATER RED-HEADED WIGEON.
ste or Pocuarb, fem.

GENERIE CHARACTER.

Bill conve ati the site divided into lamellate teeth : tongué
fringed, obtufe: three fore-toes connected, the hind one folitary.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
‘i py ‘ AND

SYNONYMS.

Cinereous waved: head brown : _pettoral analy vat, and rump
black : wings cinereous.

Fema.e more dufky: head pale reddifh brown: peétoral. band
obfcure cinereous and brown : wing coverts cinereous. .

Anas Fexina: cinereo-undulata, capite brunneo, fafcia pectorali

criffu uropygicoque nigris. Linn. Fn. Suec. 127.
— Brinn. Orn, n. 80.—Gmel. 530. 31.

Anas erythrocephala. S.G. Gmelin it. I. p.70

Anas fera fufca. Rati. Syn. p. 143. A. 10.

Penelope. Brif. 6. p. 384. 19. f. $5. f. 1.
De | Mil-

PLATE CLXXVHI.

Milloun. Buff. ix. p. 216. Pl. Enl. 803.

Rothhals. Bloch. Bef. der Berl. Nat. 4. p. 603. t. 17. f. 5, 6.

Poker, Pochard, Red-headed Wigeon. Br. Zool. 11. N° 284,
Will. (Angl.) p. 367. t. 72.

so ae EEE FE PD Er CR

Thefe birds are common in the fens during the winter feafon, and
are often caught in great plenty, and fent for fale, with other wild
fowl, to the London markets, where it is known by the name of the
Dunbird. This is the fize of the common Wigeon, but is held in
rather more efteem for the table. The fpecies is of the migratory

kind, and is found to mhabit Afia and America, as well as Europe.

With us it appears to be only an occafional vifitor during the
winter feafon. Its ordinary food confifts of the teftacecus tribes of
animals, and various fifhes of the fmaller kind, which inhabit fenny

fituations. The flight of thefe birds is diftinguifhed by its fwiftnefs.
The length of the male bird is about nineteen inches, that of the

female is fomewhat lefs, and the general tints of the plumage more

obfcurely citereous and dufky than in the male bird.

PLATE

179

SN

nanan Nome enero te

PLATE “CLXXIX.
ARDEA CICONIA.:
WHITE STORK.
GRALL&.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

* ahah

Bill ftraight, pointed, long, fomewhat compreffed, with a furrow
from the noftrils towards the tip : noftrils linear : tongue e tharp: feet
four-toed, and elelt ; toes connetted at the bafe.

ide wORRTe PPS ees
AND
SYNONYMS.

White : Bits and quill-feathers black: bill, legs, and fkin, red.

ArpeA Ciconia: alba, orbitis remigibufque nigris, roftro, pedi-
. bus cuteque fanguineis. Linn. Fn. Suec. 162.— .

Scop. ann. 1. n. 1293.—Briinn. orn. n. 154.—

Gmel. 622. n.7.—Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 1. p. 47.

n. 9. ee

Ciconia Beil. av. 45. a.—Aldr. orn. 3. p.291.—Jonft. av. 147. .
t. 50. | ae

Ciconta AtBA: Brif. av. 5, p. 365. t. 32

CICOGNE

PLATE CLXXIX.

Crcoeneé Buancns. Buff. Hift. Oif. 7. °p. 258. m 12—P%,
enl. n. 866.

Wuire Storx. Mill. (Angl.) p, 286. t. 52.
Albin, 2. t. 64.
Lath. Syn. 5. p. 47.—Suppl. p. 234.

RR EE ELIE METI NENA DERE ATR ty TE +

‘The Stork is a general inhabitant of various parts of Europe,
Afia, and Africa, preferring however the more mild and temperate
regions, and migrating regularly in flocks under the guidance of 2
leader, at certain feafons, from one country to another, in order to
avoid the extreme of heat and cold. For this reafon, the Stork is
never met with between the tropics, and is rarely known to penetrate
northward beyond the country of the Swedes, or the fouthern parts of
Ruffia. In Holland, it is met with only during the fummer, arriving
in the fpring, and departing about Michaelmas. In England the

Stork is very rare.

Like the reft of the Gralle race, the Stork feeds on fifhes, frogs,
and other reptiles, and being a large and powerful bird is eminently
ferviceable in thofe countries infefted with ferpents, and other noxious
creatures, which it attacks and deftroys with impunity. All writers
concur in affuring us, that in many of the eaftern countries, the Stork
is held in great refpe&t: in Egypt, the fens ef which they vifit in
autumn, they are highly venerated; and in Turkey they are never
moletted, but allowed to build upon the tops of their houfes, and even
fometimes on places of religious worfhip. In Perfia alfu, they are:
treated with equal lenity ; and no European traveller need be informed,
that in certain parts of Spain, of France, and Holland, they expe-
rience every poflible indulgence, and are. allowed to build their nefts

upor

PLATE CLXXIX.

apon the tops of the houfes in return for the benefits they beftow on

the inhabitants, in deftroying the reptiles that harbour about their
habitations.

“The fiefh of the Stork is reputed infipid, a circumftance that
may have contributed among other caufes towards the prefervation
of this ufeful race of birds; for it cannot be denied, that where the
gratification of the appetite is in view, we are too apt to difregard
every other ufeful property in the lower race of animals. The Stork,
however, paffes unmolefted, as there is no temptation ta deftroy the
bird for the value of its flefh as an article of food.

The neft is eompofed of fticks, in which the female lays from two
to four eggs, that correfpond in fize with thofe of the goofe, but are
rather more elongated, and the colour a fordid yellowifh white. The
young, which are hatched in the {pace of a month, aye at firft brown,

and are watched by the male and female alternately with the greateft
afliduity,

Though very rare in Britain, the Stork obtaiised a place in the

Britifh Fauna at an early period; a fpecimen fhit in Norfolk being

recorded by Willughby. Albin is lefs explicit than might be wifhed ;

but he feems to intimate, that although this bird was rare in England

it had occurred occafionally. “ They are feldon1,” obferves this writer,

*€ found in England in the fummer time, withiout being driven over
by a ftorm, or brought over by fome curious perfon. I faw two of

thefe birds at his Grace the Duke of Chancjos, at Edger, in Mid-
dlefex.” Alb. vol. 2. p. 59*.

Caesarean amen aeeeenaesneeieinntemnemmnnenmmmmmnnt

* The author of the General Synopfis remarks, “ that two inftances only are on record
(of its being met with in Englend), Willughby ment jons one being fhot at Norfolk,

The

PLATE CLXXIX.

The Stork has been known of late years to vifit the fouthern coafts
of Britain. One, Dr. Latham was informed by Mr. Boys, had been
picked up dead, but frefh, on the fhore of Sandwich Bay ; another,
as ftated by Mr. Macreth, was fhot in the winter of 1785, at South-
fleet, in Kent; and Mr. Montagu mentions another fhot in Hamp-

fhire, in the autumn of 1808, by the game-keeper of Major Guiton.

*

and Albin a fecond in Middlefex.” This latter obfervation we are afraid has arifen
from overfight (a circumftance by no means ufual in the writings of Dr. Latham),
for the words of Albin, as above tranfcribed, and to which by the fynonyms we are
yeferred, can never be fuppofed to imply, that the Stork had been fhot in Mid-
dlefex, but only that he faw Storks at the Duke of Chandos, in Middlefex; and
which, from the general tendency of the text, we fhould apprehead, had been intros
duced as curiofities by the Duke from Holland,

PLATE

y 7"
Riis

aS
Den

cy

By

PLATE CLXXX.

ANAS “FERIN.A,
GREATER RED-HEADED WIGEON.

Poxer, or Pocuarp, male.

- GENERIC ea! © Fe

Bill convex, obtufe, the. cdots divided into lamellate teeth: tongue

fringed, ~ the three fore-toes connedted, the hind-one folitary.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER

AND
SYNONYMS.

Cinereous, waved: head brown: apctoral band vent and rump
° ° aN Nis,
black : wings cinereous. ce
rae. ~O Kah a ; * ae
ae

Anas Ferina: cinereo undulat ata, Seapie Dnunneo, fafcia pe Ctoral
—— eriffo aro pete nigris. Linn. Fn. Suec. 127.
Pocuarp, or Great Rep-HEADED WIGEON.
Albin. V, 2. 87.—pl. 98.
Pocuarnp. Lath. Gen. Syn. V.6. p. 523. 68.

Anas fera fufca.

The plumage of the male of the Greater Red-headed Wigeon is
diftinguithed by being of a brighter hue, and in having the charac-

Vou. VIII. E teriltic

PLATE CEAXX.

teriftic colours defined with more diftinétnefs than in the female:
there is otherwife a general refemblance as confpicuous at leaft as
ufually prevails between the two fexes of the Duck tribe; and in

point of fize, the female is very little mferior to the male bird,

As the two fexes affociate and are found in the fame places, their
habits and manners may be prefumed the fame: they are not fup-
pofed to breed in Britain, but to vifit us in autumn, and retire again
in the fpring: they ufually appear in flocks of thirty or forty together,
and are obferved to fly with greater velocity; but not like fome of
the Wild Fow! tribe, in a regularly marfhalled manner, under the di-
yection of a leader ; they fly rather indifcriminately. During part of
the year they inhabit North America,

PLATE

PLATE CLXXXI.
SCOLOPAX GALLINAGO.
COMMON SNIPE.

GRraLLe.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Bill roundith, obtufe, longer than ‘the head : ofr linear : face »

covered ; feet four-toed, hind stoe -confifting of may joints,
| +E ta"

senerere CHARA CTER
*: AND |
SYNONYMS.

Bill ftraight, tuberculated: legs fufcous : front with four brown lines,

\
»

Sconopax Gattiwaco: roftro thes tuberculato, pedibus fufcis,
a frontis lineis fuleis quaternis. Linz. En. Suec.
“173. —Gmel. Linn. md 662.7
Gallinago. Brifs. Orn. 5, p. 298. n. 2. t. 26. f. r
Gallinago Minor. Bell. avi 54. eS Ee:
Ald. Orn. &. p. 484. 476. t. 477.
Bécaffine. Buff. Oif. 7. p. 483. t. 26.
Schnepf. Frifch. av, t. 229.
| E&@ Snipe,

PLATE CLXXXI,

Snipe, or Snite. Raj. av. p. 105. 2. 2.
Will. Orn. p. 290, t. 3.
Albin. av. I. t. 71.

Common Snipz, Brit. Zool. 2. p. 187. t. 68..
Ar&, Zool. p. 463. n. 366.
Lath. Syn. 111. I. p. 134. ni 6.

~

The common Snipe is abundantly diffufed throughout every part
of the known globe. In England, the fpecies is common. in the
fens and {wampy places, during the winter ; but after the early part of
fprimg they difappear; fome, it is believed, migrating, and others
retiring to the higher or more mountainous fituations, where it is
found during the whole fummer feafon. It is ftated, on the authority
of Dr. Heyfham, that the Snipe, as well as the Jack Snipe, are
found throughout the year in the hilly parts of Cumberland; and,
according to Barrington, they never quit the fens of Lincolnfhire,
Wolmar > Foreft, and Bodmin Downs. . Its food confifts of worms,

infects, and {mall fnails.

The neft of the common Snipe is frequently found in the fens
and marfhes: it is compofed of dried plants, intermixed with a few
feathers ; and the eggs, which are from four'to five m number, are

of an oblong form, and fordid olive colour, marked with dutky

{pots.

The length of this bird is about twelve inches; its weight four

Ounces.

PLATE

wee

Senta

“3

wae Ses

182,

PLATE CLXXXII.

PELECANUS GRACULUS,
SHAG.
ANSERES.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Bill ftraight, hooked at the point, and furnifhed with a nail :
noftrils ‘an obliterated flit: face rather naked: legs equally balancing
the body : all the four toes palmated.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Tail rounded: body black, beneath fufcous: tail feathers twelve,

PELecaNus Gracutus: cauda rotundata, corpore -nigro fubtus
fufco, re&tricibus duodecim. Lynn. Fn. So. 146,
Briinn. n. 121.—Gmel. 574, 4.

PHALACROCORAX minor. Briff. av. 6. p. 516. n. 2.

Corvus Aquaticus. lbin. av. 2. p. 74. t. 81.

Petit Cormoran, ou Nigaud. Buff. Hit. Oi: p. 319.

Shagge, or Crane. Raj. av. p. 123. A. 4.
Will. Orn. p. $80. t. 63.

Shag,

PLATE CLXXXII.

Shag. Ard. Zool. 2. p. 581. n. 508.
Lath. Gen, Syn. 111, 2. p. 598. 2. 14.

The Shag is an inhabitant of the northern parts of Europe: it
occurs on the fea coafts of the Britifh ifles, and alfo thofe of Holland,
Sweden, Norway, and Iceland. ‘There is one variety of it found in
Cayenne and the Caribbee iflands, and another at the Cape of Good
Hope: but the variety found in Britain is that peculiar to the

northern regions. |

This bird is fmaller than the Corvorant, being only thirty inches
in length: like that bird, its haunts are the rocky parts of our fea
coafts, where it breeds in the cliffs, and alfo like the Corvorant in
trees. Ray informs us, the eggs are long and white. When on land,
the Shag is reputed a very ftupid bird ; but in the water, it is re.
markably a&tive, and is not fhot in that element without great dif-
ficulty, as it icand with only the head and neck above water, and
dives with uncommon celerity the inftant it perceives the flafh of

the fowling piece.

The general tints of the plumage of this bird are dutky, glcffed
with afhen green or olive, and the darker parts with a vivid blue,
appearing altogether refplendent, as the light falls upon it in various.

direétions.

PLATE

Eaiiie
a ae
'"

Sue

Se ea

=——
=

Esl

PLATE CLXXXITI,
PAVO CRISTATUS @.
PIED PEAHEN.

GALLINE.

; A ey # sa}

Bill convex, robuft: head covered with revolute feathers: noftrils

Jarge: feathers of the ramp, long, broad, expanfile, and covered with

i all
eS
PU

ocellar fpots.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
peso” e AND

SYNONYMS.

Pavo Cola -capite. crifta compreffa, calcaribus folitariis 8.
\Gmel, Linn. Syft. Nat. 729. 1.

Pavo vid Brig Orn. I. 9.288. A.

Bunter Pfau. Lrich. av. €. 119.

oe Panaché, Bag: Hit. Oi, 2. p. 327.

rf \ \

The reprefentation of the male bird of this Pied variety of the
Peacock in the Fifth Volume of the prefent Work, appears to have
: afforded

PLATE CLXXXIII.

afforded fo much fatisfa&ion to many of our readers, that we are

prevailed upon to add in this place a figure of the Hen and Young.

The female of this bird, we muft acknowledge, yields in point of
gracefulnefs and commanding gaiety of the plumage to the male;
- and {till more confpicuoufly in the deficiency of that fine flowing
train of feathers, which conftitute the tail coverts: but it yet pof-
feffes a very pleafing air, and its introduction in the prefent Work
will affift to complete the hiftory of that much admired variety of
the Crefted Peacock.

The Pied Peacock, an intermediate breed or mixture between. the
common and the white Peacock, is not inferior in point of fize to
the common kind, and as in that bird the female is rather fmaller ;

the creft is alfo fhorter, and the legs rarely armed with fpurs.

PLATE

—

iat

Wise OBEY BR

18 4

PLATE CLXXXIV.

TRINGA MACULARIA.
| SPOTTED SANDPIPER.
GRALLE.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Bill roundifh, as long as the head: noftrils fmall, linear: tongue
flender: feet four-toed; the hind-toe of one joint, and raifed from

the ground,

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
‘4 AND |
mepte SYNONYMS,

Bill at the bafe and the legs flefh coloured : every part of the body

{potted ; eye-brows and double band on the wings white.

Trinca MacurariaA: roftro bafi pedibufque incarnatis, corpore
undique maculato, fuperciliis fafciaque gemina
alarum albis. Gel. Syjt. Nat. 672. 7.
~Trinca Macutaria: Linn. Syft. I. p. 249. 7.
Turpus Aguaticus: Brifs. av. 5. p. 255. n. 20.
Grive d’Eau. Duff. Hift. Nat. des Oif. 8. p. 180.
Vou VI. F SPOTTED

PLATE CLXXXIV.

SPOTTED SANDPIPER. Brit. Zool. 2.n. 196.
_ Lath. Gen. Syn. 5. p. 179. 24
—Ind. Orn. 734. 29. /

We efteem this one of the rareft of the Britifh Sandpipers: the
Jength of our bird is eight inches and a half.

The fpecies is defcribed as a native of America as well as Europe ;

and the female is faid to be diftinguifhed by having the under parts of

the plumage immaculate.

PLATE

185

PLATE CLXXXV.
TURDUS VISCIVORUS.
MISSEL THRUSH.

PAssERES.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Bill ftraightifh: the upper mandible a little bending and notched
near the point: noftrils naked or half covered with a fmall membrane :

mouth ciliated with a few briftles at the corners ; tongue jagged.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.

Back brown ; neck fpotted with white; bill yellowith.

Turbus ViIscIvoRus: dorfo fufco, collo maculis albis, roftro
: flavefcentibus. Scop. Ann. I. p. 132. n. 193.
~ Briinn. Orn. p. 65. n. 231.
Kram. el. p. 361. n. 6.
Gmel. Linn, Syft. 806. 1.
Turdus Vifcivorus. Gefn. av. 759. t. 760.
Turdus Vifcivorus major. Ray. av. p. 64. n. 1,
Turdus Major. Brifs. av, 1. p. 200. n. 1.
FE 2 Tordo,

PLATE’ CLXXXV.

Tordo. Olin. uce. t. 25.
Draine. Buff. Hit. Oif- 3. p. 295. t. 19. f. 1. Pl. Enl. n. 489.
Miffel Bird, or Shnite. Wall. Orn. p. 187.
Albin. av. 1. t. 33.
Miffel Thrufh. Brit. Zool. 1. 2. 105.
Art, Zool. 2. p. 341. B.
Lath. Gen Syn. 11.1. p. 16. 2. 1.

"Fhe Miftel Thrufh is the largeft of the Turdus tribe; the length

eleven mches. The plumage of the female is inferior to that of the

male in brightnefs.

This bird inhabits the temperate parts.of Europe, where. it: lives.
in woods, and feeds on berries of various bufhes, fuch as the. holly,
ivy, and hawthorn, and, as the name implies, on thofe of the miffel-

toe ; and befides thefe, it fubfifts on caterpillars and infeéts.

The neft, which is ufually placed in a low tree or bufh, 1s compofed
of mofs, lichens and leaves; the lining of withered grafs. The eggs,
four or five in number, of a dirty flefh colour, marked with reddith
{pots. ‘The note of this bird, though pleafing, is not equal to that of
the Thrufh. ‘The flefh 1s held in fome efteem for the table.

PLATE

186

een +

nee

PLATE CLXXXVI.

SCOLOPAX GALLINULA.
JACK SNIPE.

4 * iy 'P :
GRALLES
aN _
ae F » pees Ba

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Bill roundith, “Sbunie 1 , longer than the head: noftrils linear: face

covered : feet four. toed : “hind-toe confifting of many joints.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.

Bill ftraight, tuberculated: legs greenifh: lores brown: rump
varied with violet.

ScoLtopax GALLINULA: roftro reéto tuberculato, pedibus viref-
centibus, loris fufcis, uropygio violaceo-vario.
Scop. Ann. I. n. 139.
—Gmel. Sy. Nat. 662. 8.

Gallmago mmor. Briff. av. 5. p. 303. n. 3. t. 26. f. 2.

Gallinago minima. Bell. av. 217.

Cinclus quartus. Aldr. Orn. 3. p. 493.

Petite

PLATE CLXXXVI. ..

Petite bécaffine. Buff: Hit. Nat. Oif. 7. p. 490.—PL. enl. n. 884.
Halbfchnepfe. Frifch. av. t. 231.
JACKSNIPE, Gip, Jupcocx. Will. (Angl.) p. 2991.—Albin. 111.
t. 86.—Brit. Zool. 11. 189. t. 68.
Lath. Gen. Syn. 5. p. 136. 8.

Say OND

The Jackfnipe has the fame habits and manners of life as the
common Snipe, but appears to be lefs abundantly difperfed over the
elobe than that bird. Dr. Latham remarks that he cannot trace it
more South than Aleppo (where, according to Dr. Ruffel, it is not

uncommon), and to the North as far as lat. 80. 27.

This is only half the fize of the common Snipe, weighing no more

than two ounces ; its length eight inches and a half,

PLATE.

.

PLATE CLXXXVII*.

PHALOROPUS LOBATUS.

LOBATE, or GREY PHALAROPE.

GRALL&.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Bill roundith, ftraight, and ufually fomewhat inflected at the top:
noftrils minute: feet lobate, or furnifhed with lateral membranes,

generally fcalloped.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER

AND

SYNONYMS.

Bill fubulate, the tip inflected : legs pinnate : breaft undulated white.
Puataropus Lopatus. Lath. Ind. Orn. 776. 2.
Trineca Lopata: rofiro fubulato: apice inflexo, pedibus pin-
natis: pectore albo undulato. Linn. Fn. Suec.
179.— Briinn, Orn. n. 171.
—Fab. Fn. Groenl. n. 75.
PHaLaropus. Briff. av. 5. p. 18.2. 1.

Phalarope a feftons dentelés. Buff. Oif. p. 226.
Grey

* ERRATUM.
Through an error in numbering the Plate of the Grey Phalarope, which belongs to
this place in the prefent Volume (Plate CLXXXVII.) it has been improperly introduced
“into the former, or Seventh Volume,
This

PLATE CLXXXVIL

‘rcs 0

Grey Coot-footed Tringa. Edw. glean. t. 308.— Aa. Angl. 50. t. 6.
Grey Puatarore. Brit. Zool. n. 218. t. 76.
Lath. Syn. 3. 1. p. 27%. n. 2.

bd ~

This elegant fpecies is very rare in England. Its fize is that of

the common Purre: the bill black: the legs cinereous.

It is found fparingly in Europe, Afia, and America.

This miftake was not difcovered till a confiderable number of the Seventh Volume had
been bound up and fold, and at atime therefore when any alteration in ae the
Plates would enly have created perplexity.

The true Plate CLVII. is included in the prefent Volume, infcribed with its proper
number. . |

The Plate numbered CLVIL., in the former Volume, fhould be CLXXXVII.

By altering the erroneous number CLVII. laft mentioned, into CLXXXVIL., and then
referring the two Plates to their proper fituations in Vol. VII. and VIII. as indicated by
their feveral numbers, the overfight will be corrected.

When the two Plates are thus tran{pofed the letter-prefs will be found to correfpond
refpectively with the Plates referred to them; for it is nothing more than the mifnume —
bering of one Plate in Vol. VII. that bas occafioned confufion.

PLATE

“ss

SS A

x»

PLATE CLXXXVIII.

“URES ILIACUS.
ef ae Pe
RED WING.
"ae ie "
Seer PASSERES.
GENERIC CHARACTER.

Bill ftraightith ; the upper mandible a little bending, and notched

near the point: noftrils naked, or half covered with a fmall membrane:

mouth ciliated with a few briftles at the corners: tongue jagge!.

- SPECIFIC CHARACTER
f, | AND
SYNONYMS.

Wings beneath ferruginous: eye-brows whitifh.

Turpvus Inracus: alis fubtus ferrugineis, fuperciliis albicantibus. .
Linn. Fn. Suec. 218. Scop. ann. 1. ni 196.—
Kram. el. p. 361. n. 9.—Gmel. Syft. Nat. 808. 3.

Turdus Ilias. Gefn. av. 760. t. 761.
Aldr. orn. 2. p. 597.

Turdus Iliacus. Nozem. nederl. Vi ogel. t. 12.
Klein. av. 66.
Brif. av. 2. p. 208. n. 3. t, 20. f. 1.

Mauvis. Buff. Hit. Nat. Oif. 3. p. 309.—Pl, enl. n. 51.

‘Vou. VIII. G Klera

PLATE CLXXXVIII.

Klera Kladra, Tall-Traft. Fn. Suec. Jp. 218.
Weindroffel. Lrifch. av. t. 28.
Redwing, Swinepipe, or Wind-Thrufh. Will. Orn. 189.
Ray. av. 64. 0. 4.
Albin, av. 1.t. 35.
Lath. Gen. Syn. 20.1. p. 22. 2.7.

The Redwing is rather fmaller than the Fieldfare, to which, in

general appearance, as well as in its manners of life, it bears confider-

able refemblance.

The ufual Jength of the Redwing is about nine inches, that of the
Fieldfare ten inches. They appear in flocks fo nearly about the fame
time, that they may be confidered as accompanying each other in
their periodical migrations; the flocks of the Redwing arriving ufually
at the place of deftination a few days only before the Fieldfare; and
it is alfo known that in the northern parts of Europe, where thefe

birds breed, both kinds occur together.

One of the moft remarkable characters of the Redwing, and by
which, independently of other peculiarities, it may be diftinguifhed
from the Fieldfare, 1s the colour of the inner furface of the wing, that
part of the Fieldfare being wholly white, while in the Redwing it is
marked with a rufous orange fpot. The name of Redwing, given to
this bird by Ray and other early writers, appears hence to be happily

chofen, as it at once implies the diftinétion that prevails between this

bird and its very analogous fpecies.

Linnezus informs us in the Fauna Suecica, that in Sweden this

{pecies

PLATE CLXXXVIIL.

fpecies builds its neft in fome low fhrub or hedge; and that the female
lays fix eggs, which are of a blue-green colour, and {potted with
black *: it is obferved alfo, that the Redwing perches on high trees

in the maple forefts in Sweden, and has a fine note in fpring.

* We believe it may be afferted with entire confidence, that the collection of the eggs
of Britith Birds in our poffeffion, is beyond comparifon, the moft perfect that ever has
been brought together; and as the introduétion of the eggs are confefledly requifite to
complete the Natural Hiftory of our birds, the reader will be induced, we truft, to ap-
prove our intention of introducing the figures of thefe in the moft compendious form the
intereft of the fubjeét will admit, in a diftinétly feparate Supplement to the prefent Work.
A genuine work on this interetting fubjeé is unqueftionably much wanted.

G3 PLATE

as) ! pee get 2s ae ny VAD i rend giayl wit ee F boat ghd |

% t J ‘ }
A - ’ f .
wee
Sta F ’ ° Al See Rain. ‘
' AR ae Mo Pea TEENS CCP, FRO as SEES Ge RR, TP
/ 7
~ ye { 3 Mi anges iy
# cn ir ae ee | fe 4i44 . AY ie, i
£ ? : y t i:
: t \ i ' ee 5 v fal
paren ee ann / ed agai tome
: 7 i eT ae aia, J '
“ ae Pe) Per ae ‘ ‘ or r my . a xy
poy Guts te chinagll nes anova Bihan it gen a weal: o "
ee 9 ; g a eae : is : r ‘ nad
ytegred Bole afk alae Dasa han al fie 2 sh
‘ _ F eae : ; ie) : pete F :
pion eae DR vatioges Pipes mit
" ‘ sp P Le sithtg ‘
4 a a} iy 777 ' ‘} - 4: F 5% ied " a4 Wo Rg « tt f
ot TS Y bende esi. dict ge a ae ainee ag en Marie REVS OT eSuate Po. Test Aided va 2m TAY
. Jj y oy \ b Os
_ Apohaeyi Adeet twig 4, Gia Eoginad ThA Bey Sie aioe eich ; ne
; " ‘ ‘ 7 Uh ASS LB ae
; } e
t x _——
a ” ; ‘ ist
: Fi
hy hee ;
* ahi Mee
J n ie

1895

PLATE CLXXXIX.
TRINGA PUGNAKX, fem.
REEVE, or FEMALE RUFF.

GRALLA.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Bill roundifh, as long as the head: noftrils fmall, linear: tongue
flender: feet four-toed; the hind toe of one joint, and raifed from

the ground.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER

AND.
SYNONYMS.

Bill and legs red: three lateral tail feathers without {pots: face with

flefh-coloured granulations. —

Fem. Pale brown; back {potted with black: tail brown, the middle
feathers {potted with biack: breaft and belly pale.

Trinca Puenax. Linn. Syft. 1. p. 247. 1.—Fn. Sv. N° 175.—
Gmel. Syft. 1. p. 669.— Lath. Ind. Orn. 725. 1.

Avis Pugnax. Aldr. Orn. 3. p. 523. t. 526.

Combattant, ou Paon de Mer. Buff. 7. p. 521. t. 29, 30.—Pl. Eni.

305. 306.
Pavoncella,

PLATE CLXXXIX.

Pavoncella. Cet. uc. Sard. p. 253.

Ruff and Reeve. Will. (Angl.) p. $02. t. 56.
Albin, 1..¢..72. 73.
Lath. Syn. 5. p. 159. 1.

In an early part of the prefent work we prefented our readers with
a figure of the Male or Ruff*; the fubjeét now chofen is a variety
of the Female or Reeve. The length of the male is about twelve

inches, that of the female is rather lefs.

It is remarked of this fpecies that the ruff or male birds are fo
variable in colour, that it is fcarcely poflible to find two birds that

perfectly correfpond in this particular. ‘The Reeves are alfo variable
in a lefs confiderable degree.

The males when in full plumage are diftinguifhed by the remarkable
iufts of feathers which form a kind of collar or ruff round the neck,
from whence it derives the name; but in the moulting feafon this ruff
falls off, and the apppearance of the male at that time fo nearly refem, |
bles the female that they cannot eafily be diftinguifhed.

* Plate XIX, Vol, I.

PLATE

Poi ohrog a @ init
4 sis

4
toate

Wie
Raabemay
hpi

Ate

Os

art

o6r

PLATE CXC,

ANAS PENELOPE
WIGEON. >
ANSERES.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Bill convex, obtufe, the edges divided into lamellate teeth : tongue

fringed and obtufe: three fore-toes conneéted, the hind one folitary.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND

SYNONYMS.

Tail rather pointed: vent black: head brown: front white: back

cinereous waved.

Anas PENELOPE: cauda acutiufcula, criffo nigro, capite brunneo,
fronte alba, dorfo cinereo undulato. Linn. Fn.
Suec. 124.—Briinn. n. 72.—Kram. el. p. 342.
n. 16.

PENELOPE. Gefn. av. 108.
Aldr. orn. 3. p. 217. t. 219. 220.
Jonjt. av. 39.

Anas fiftularis. Gefn. av. 121.

Canard

PLATE CXC.

Canard fiffeur. Buff. Oif. 9. p. 169. t. 10. 11.—Pl. Eni. n. 825.
Pfeifente. Bloch. Befch. der Berl. Naturf. 4. p, 601. t. 18. f. 5.
Blaffente. Frifch. av. t. 164.
Wiceon, WHEwEr, or Wuim. Ray. Orn. p, 146. 4. 3.
Will. Orn. p. 875. t. 12.
Albin. av. 2. t. 99.
Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 2. p. 518. 1. 63.

ee eee

This fpecies of wild fowl occurs abundantly in various countries of
Europe, Afia, and Africa, in all which it is reputed of the migratory
kind: it migrates as far as Aleppo and Egypt during the winter, and
at different feafons appears in various parts of Europe as far to the

northward as Sweden: it is believed to breed more to the northward
than the Britifh ifles.

During the winter months the Wigeon is taken in plenty in our
marfhes, with others of the Duck tribe, by means of the nets and
decoys, and as the flefh is much admired, the London markets are

pretty regularly fupplied with the Wigeon throughout the winter, and
early part of the fpring.

The length of this bird is twenty inches: the female is rather
fmaller, of a brown colour, and undulated: the neck and breaft paler :
fcapulars dark brown, and the wings and belly as in the male bird.
The young males are obferved to refemble the female till the following
fpring after being hatched, when they acquire the full plumage, which
however they retain only till the end of the fummer, when they again

refemble the female till the enfuing moulting.

PLATE

ye ie

=

(67

PLATE CXCI.
PURDUS PILARTS.,

FIELDFARE.

PASSERES.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Bill ftraightifh ; the upper mandible a little bending, and cat
hear the point: nottrils naked, or half covered with a fmall mem-
brane: mouth ciliated with a few brifiles at the corners: tongue

jagged.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND

SYNONYMS.

Tail feathers black, the outermoft at the inner edge tipped with
white: head and rump hoary.

Turpvs Pinaris: rectricibus nigris: extimis margine interiore apice
albicantibus, capite uropygioque cano. Linn. fn.
Suec. 215.—Scop. Ann. 1. p. 133. 2. 194.-—
Briinn, Orn. p. 65. n. 232.
Turpus Pivaris. Gefn. av. 7538.—Aldr. Orn. 2..p. 595. t. 590.
Turdus Pilaris five Turdela. Briff. av. % p. 214. w. 5.
Vou. VU. H Litorue

PLATE, RCL

Litorne ou Tourdelle. Buff. Hit. Nat. des Oif- 3. p. 301. t. 19.
f-2.—Pl. Enl. n. 490. |
FyeupFARE, or FELDEFARE. Brit. Zool. 1. n. 106.
Will, Orn. p. 188. t. 3%.
Albin. av. 1. t. 36.
Lath, Syte. Qs. Lapa QAagneelile

Length ten inches; the bill yellowifh, with the tip black, the legs

blackifh. The male and female much refemble each other.

The Fieldfare, like the Redwing, is of the migatory kind: retiring
to the northern regions, as far as Iceland, during the fummer or breed-
ing feafon, and returning fouthward in autumn: it arrives in Britain
about the month of Oétober, or later, when the northern winter is
more mild than ufual: it alfo vifits France and Italy, but not till about
the month of December. In Sweden it is obferved to build in high
trees, and to prefer thofe fituations where the juniper grows. It
fubfifts chiefly on the berries of various plants, among which, thofe

of the hawthorn and the holly appear to be favourite food.

The Fieldfare and the Redwing are frequently taken in the nets
during winter: the flefh, though fometimes rather bitter, being held
in fome efteem. ‘The capture of thefe birds (Turdi of the Romans)
was an object of attention among the ancients as we learn from their
hiftorians: they were accuftomed to take thefe birds alive in vatt
numbers at particular feafons of the year, and fatten them in aviaries
by thoufands, as an article of delicacy and luxury for the table *.

Pee ea Ie Le NS Me ORM ee eM I
* Varro, Plutarch, Martial, &c.
Several

PLATE CXC.

Several varieties of this bird are defcribed by writers, all which
differ from the common kind only m having the plumage varied with
white, efpecially about the head and neck: the Pied Fieldfare of Albin,

which is of this kind, has the head and neck entirely white.

H 2 PLATE

»
x

SoZ

192

PLATE CXCII.

ANAS CRECCA.,. Fem.
COMMON TEAL. female.
ANSERES.

GENERIC CHARACTER,

Bill convex and obtufe, the edges divided into lamellate teeth:
tongue fringed and obtufe: three fore toes conneéted, the hind one

— he
<n

folitary. : Se

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
| AND

( \ SYNONYMS.
Wing {pot green “line above atid below the eye white, male.—Head

and neck whitifh and brown varied; wing fpot green: vent white.

Anas Crecca: fpeculo alarum viridi, linea alba fupra infraque
oculos, Linus.—Caput et collum albida fufcoque
varia; alz ut in mare: criffum totum album. fem.
Linn. Syft. 1. p. 204. 33.—Lath. Ind, Orn.
872. 100.

Querquedula fecunda Aldr. Raii. Syn. p. 148.9.

Common TEAL. fem. Lath. Gen, Syn. 6. 551. 88.

The

PLATE. CACM.

The Common Teal is a native of Europe and Afia, inhabiting the
north as far as Iceland, and the fouth to the Cafpian fea, beyond
which it extends on the eaft as far as China, India, and fome other

adjacent countries.

During the winter feafon there are few fpecies of wild fowl more
abundant in this country than the Common Teal, which is caught in
vaft numbers for the fupply of the London markets. But it was long
before it was clearly afcertamed to breed in this country. It is now

known to breed in the north of England, and alfo in Scotland.

In France, where the Common Teal inhabits throughout the year,
it frequents watery places, making its neft, in April, among the
rufhes that grow about the edges of the ponds, and feeds on the feeds
of the rufhes, and on the grafs and weeds the ponds afford, as well as
on the fmaller kinds of fifhes. The neft is faid to be of a large fize,
and fo placed in the water as to rife and fall with it: the eggs, which
in pot of fize, refemble thofe of a pigeon, are of a whitifh colour,

with fmall hazel fpots.

The fubje& reprefented in the prefent plate is the female, which

differs materially in fome particulars of the plumage from the male.

Length about fourteen inches.

PLATE

K
E Rh be
i c
‘
; .
4 y
‘
4
3 -
y ,
Fa s1 f eet : ps
4 ‘ ' a Aes
; ; : ‘
4G \ ag, :
ra 3 Z 4 . 7 ‘ ;
PE NEDS
Pe : et ts 3 :
F +7
) oa 5 eas 4 ¢
Shen *
Bees Pali . >
m
«

.

PLATE CXCIII.
/
ANAS CRECCA, Mas.

i

COMMON TEAL, Mule.

ANSERES.
A l r
A GENERIC CH Bega 1 = &.
a 7

Bill convex and obtule, the edges divided into lamellate teeth:

tongue fringed and o btufe = three fore-toes connected, the hinder one

AND

“SYNONYMS.

nl

Wing fpot green: Tine bane and below the eye white.

* ; 7 ‘Ne ak Ls.
tt bos ae “a
# OG re < fi
¥ f f had ht ‘
is

ait”? pik

Foye” Crecca Acs culo alarum viridi, linea alba. fupra infraque
sire jcc Linn. Fn. Suec. 129.— Linn. Syft. 1. p.

204. 33.—Gmel. Syfi. Nat. 552. 33.—Lath.
Ind, Orn. 872. 100.

Petite Sarcelle, Buff ix. p. 265. t. 17. 18.—Pd. enl. 947.

Common Traut. Br, Zool. 11. N° 290.—Arét. Zood. 11. p. 577-
P, —Lath. Gen. Syn. 6, p. 551, 83.—Id. Supp.
p» 276.

Nae ip

In

PLATE CXCIIL

In the preceding Plate we have given a figure of the female Teak,
the prefent is that of the male bird, which confefledly excels the female
in point of elegance; there is a general refemblance, and the fize is
nearly the fame, but the fuperior brightnefs of its colours, added to the
very beautiful appearance of the head of the male bird, affords a very

ftriking contraft to the appearance of the female.

There is a fuppofed variety of this bird with the legs cinereous
inftead of reddifh brown.

PLATE

ey
oR
'¥ %)

OR ay
bree ue

Meas

err

PLATE CXCIV.

ANAS ACUTA.

PINTAIL. Fem. «
ANSERES.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Bill convex and obtufe, the edges divided into lamiellate teeth;

tongue fringed and obtufe: three fore-toes connected, the hind one
folitary. | HG Fo tis.
p! ASG] " Lae ais ru %

4 6 per ee 7

sPECIBIC. CHARACTER
{84 Whee
ee: (Bre “AND
8 YN O NYMS.
by age
Tail pointed; Aoi, beneath black: hind-head each fide with a white
line; back waved cinereous. VA gs '
Female rufous brown and duiky varied : wing-fpot pale brown,
margined above and beneath with a white line: two middle tail feathers

not elongated.

Anas AcuTa: cauda acuminato elongata fubtus nigra, occipite utrin-
que linea alba, dorfo cinereo undulato. Linn. Fn.
Suec. 126.—Scop. Ann. 1. n. 73.—Georg. it. p.

166.— Lath. Gen. Syn. 8. 2. p. 526. 2. 72.
Vou. VIII I

PLATE CAC,

‘The male of this very elegant fpecies of the Anas tribe has ap-
peared already in the prefent work, being mecluded in the fixth vo-
lume, at Plate CX XLX. The female is little inferior in the beauty of
her plumage to the male bird, from which, however, on comparifon,
it will be found to differ in feveral material particulars. The female
is rather fmaller, the head and neck pale brown, and marked with nu-
merous fhort dafhes of fufcous; the back and wing coverts dark brown,
with a delicate reddifh buff-coloured margin, and many of the feathers
marked acrofs the middle with a curved band of the fame colour:
wings pale fufcous; wing-fpot pale brown, bounded above and be-
neath with a white band or line: the tail cuneate, having the middle
feather sather longer and pointed, but not elonedted like the twe
suiddie tail feathers of the male bird.

. PLATE

195

PLATE. CXCy.
See
HIRUNDO APUS.

SWIFT.

‘

| PASSERES. |

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Bill fmall, weak, curved, fubulate, and depreffed at the bafe: gape
larger than the head: tongue fhort; broad, and cleft: wings long:

tail in general forked: toes all placed forward.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
ie

- Blackith, throat white.

Hirnunpo es: nigricans, oula alba, digitis omnibus quatuor
anticis, Linn. I'm. Suec. 272.—-Scop. Ann. 1. p.
166. n. 251.—Brunn. Orn. p. 74. n, 29%.—Lath.
Ind. Orn. 582. 32.

‘Le Grand Martinet. Buff. Pl. Enl. 542. f. 1.

Martinet Noir. Buff. Haji. Nat. Ov: 6. p. 643.

Rondone Zinnan. Uov. pv. 47. t. 7. f. 33. |

Cett. Uc. Sard. p. 231.
Mauerfchwalbe. Fvi/ch, av. 17. ,
12 SWIFT.

PLATE -CxGy,

Swirt. {Brit. Zool. 1. N° 171. &. 57.—Mill. (Aang) @ 214. €.
39.—Albin. 2. p. 55.
Lath. Gen. Syn. 4. p. 584. 34.

The Swift appears to be an inhabitant of almost every part of the
known globe, as we learn from the teftimony of many travellers who
have feen it in the different countries they have refpectively vifited:
in the Britifh ifles it remains only for q very fhort period, feldom ar-
riving before the early part of May, and retiring again about the be-

ginning of the month of August.

The fpeciesis about eight inches in length, the colour footy black,
except the chin, which is white; the female differs from the male
only in being rather fmaller, the plumage brownifh, and the white on

the throat more obfcure than in the male bird.

From the diminutive fize of the feet it walks with much difficulty,
and cannot rife from the ground. It is, therefore, never feen in any
low fituation, unlefs it fhould chance to fall there by accident, but refts
upon the tops and fides of houfes, church fleeples, the lofty craggs of
hills or other confiderable elevations, from whence it can conveniently
take its flight. In the mornings and evenings it is obferved on the
wing, flying and darting m a fwift and peculiar manner in fearch of
infeéts, its cuftomary food ; and which it eafily catches in the enormous
gape of its mouth, while on the wing. ‘The Swifts fly only in the
morning and evening : during the day time, and in the night they turk

ia their hiding places 4 avoid the extremities of either heat or cold.

The Swift is faid to have only one brood in a year: the eggs, ufually

five ia number, are of a lengthened form, and white colour.

PLATE

—

Ses
faa 5

al

PU AT EY CXcvr.
SU OLO PAX VARCUAT A.
CURLEW.
GRALLE.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Bill roundifh, obtufe, longer than the head: noftrils linear: face

govered: feet four-toed, hind-toe confifting of many joints.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
A ett in ‘ AND

ot SYNONYMS.

Bill arched, legs blueifh: wings blackifh, with fnowy fpots.

ScoLopax ARCUATA: roftro arcuato, pedibus cerulefcentibus, alis
nigris maculis niveis. Linn. Fn. Suec. 168.—~
It. fean. 333.—Gmel. 655. 3.

Numenius. Briff. av. 5. p. 31). n. 1.
Nozem. nederl. Vogel. t. 57.

Numenius f. Arquata. Gefn. av. 222.—Aldr. Orn. 1. 20. ¢. 2l.—
Marf. dan. t. 17,

NuMENIus ARQUATA, cinerafcente nigroque varius, pedibus ceru-
lefcentibus, alis nigris maculis niveis. Lath. Ind.
Orn. 710. 1.

Le

PLATE CXCVE

Le Courlis. Buff. 8. p. 19.— Pl. Eni. 818.
Common Curtew. Br. Zool. 2. 176. t. 63.
Will. (Angl.) p. 294. t. 54.
Albin. 1. t. 79.
Lath. Syn. 5. p. 119. 1.—Id. Suppl. p. 242,

‘The Curlew inhabits the marfhy parts of Europe and Afia; and 2
variety of the fpectes is is alfo found in Africa and America. During
the fummer feafon 1t migrates in flocks to the Northward, and returns

again to the fouthward as the winter approaches.

Thefe birds never leave Great Britain entirely, for although they mi-
grate In great numbers they are found in plenty at all feafons of the
year, both on our fea coafis and among the fens in the inland parts of
the kingdom. With us they breed in April; the eggs are four in

number, and of a pale olive colour, with brownih {pots.

‘The remarkable incurvate ftru€ture and difproportionate length of
the bill feem to indicate the habits of life thefe birds are deftined by
nature to purfue: thofe which haunt our fea coafts are feen running
in flocks along the fhore in queft of worms and cruftaceous avimals,
which they draw out of the fands and from the crevices of the rocks,,
by means of their elongated bill, with perfeét eafe; and in like manner
they readily obtain the worms, the larva of infe€ts, and other creatures.
which inhabit the fens and marfhes to which they retire when they re-
treat inland from the fea coaft. The flefh of the Curlew is admired
generally: thofe which feed upon the fea coafts acquire a certain de-
gree of fifhy ranknefs in flavour, from the nature of their food, which is

not

PLATE (CXCVE

not obferved in thofe which inhabit the frefh water marfhes. The twe

fexes much refemble each other.

The Curlew varies in fize: it is ufually from twenty to about
twenty-four inches in length, and has a bill of an incurvate form, nearly
feven inches long; fometimes they occur much larger. We have the
head of one, the bill of which is ten inches long, but the Curlew of
this fize is not common, and it was for this reafon the head was pre-

ferved by a curious fportfman as a very fingular novelty.

PLATE

Eka ne wh pay she Wi vt

ity ek: ot kde.

i Aad yp ty lok dives ‘sae
E ; - j ny , : 3 f . =.
t a : iw re aie ihe a { vw Da MES ote
: ‘so i ; . = ae Ne hy 2 i a ri
‘ "y ; at Ait I a le ae ent ok tend 5 peas ipod ee .
MEA 6 25 wy ee,
| | ty eae ged dle a tk RA ae a
f : ; i Ki ; -
. vee ee anilees vs ; a4 nein F vn) ve a art’ ! ay
- : ' 7 | q Te i wl . U
: we e pe a GG ay be Ae a ig ty ae a ;
: re ge ‘ ie. f - rs peu hae ay i ;
® - .
’
‘
t
”
i,

=

ve. ess al ie 7 anh veined ces eee
oni, wi ivan | 7 ure es Oe
ite. i we er ao
Cer ae) 5 r ae die eh Me a tet
ne CO ey ats he Le ay cea :

VIE ee awe snorkel has

INDEX ro VOL, VIII.
ARRANGEMENT

ACCORDING TO THE

SYSTEM or LINNAUS.

O:R D EVR: - LEI.

ANSERES. |
Plate
Anas Acuta, Pintatt, fem. * - 194
Anas Crecca, TEAL, male = - - 193
Anas Crecca, TEAL, female - - 192
Anas Ferina, GREATER RED-HEADED WIGEON, fem. 178
AwAs Ferina, GREATER RED-HEADED WIGEON, male 1S0
Anas PENELopE, WIGEON ~ - - 190
PELECANUS GRACULUS, SHAG - - - 182
Larus Marinus y, Wace. Guu - * - 174
Lagvs Ripipunbus y, BROWN-HEADED GULL ‘ 176

RET EL Le ET
ORDER. IV,
GRALLE.

ARDEA CiconiaA, WHITE STORK - » ~ 179
ScoLopax ArRcuaTA, CuRLEW ~ - - 196
ScoLopax GaLLINAGo, COMMON SNIPE - - 18]
ScoLopax GALLINULA, JACKSNIPE-— - ek ee 186
Puautaropus Logatus, Lopate, or GREY PHALAROPE 187
Trinca Nicricans, PuRPLE SANDPIPER - - 177
Trinca Macutaria, SPOTTED SANDPIPER - ~ 184
Trainca Puenax, fem. Rexve, or FEMALE Rurr - 189
TrinGa IsLANDICA, RED SANDPIPER - 173

Vox. VIII. K ORDER

oN BD Em,

ORDER V.
GALLIN &.
Plate
Pavo Cristatus, P1ED PEAHEN - aie 183
OR DE E.xML.
PASSERES.
Turpus PivaRis, Fie. DFaRe& “ “ - 191
Turpus [n1acu , REDWING = = z - 188
Turpus Viscivorus, Misse, Turusy © = 185
Hirunvo Apvus, Swirt - - 4 ie 195
Hirunpo Ursica, Housz Martin © Ty 175

VoL.

Ne De EX

“¥OE.- VIL.
ARRANGEMENT.

ACCORDING TO

LATHAM’s SYNOPSIS ov BIRDS.

aml
DIVISION I. Lawnp Birps,
ORDER IIL. Passerine.

‘Turpbus Pitaris, FIELDFARE = -
Turpus Iniacus, Rep WincG 2 -
Turpus Viscitvorus, Misse, Turusa “
Hrrunpvo Apus, Swift : = -
Hirunpbo Ursica, House Martin -

ORDER IV. Gatune.

Pavo Cristatus, Prep PEAHEN = Ss

DIVISION II. Warer Birps.
ORDER VII. Witu Cioven FEEr.

ARDEA Cicontia, WHITE STORK - z
Scotopax ArcuaTa, CuRLEW : -
Scotopax GAaLLinaco, ComMON SNIPE -
ScoLopax GALLINULA, JACKSNIPE -

Puararopus Lozsartus, Lopate, or GREY PHALAROPE

TrinGA NIGRICANS, PuRPLE SANDPIPER -
TrinGaA MAcULARIA, SPOTTED SANDPIPER -
Trinca Pucnax, fem. Reeve, or FEMALE RurFe
Trinca Isnanpica, RED SANDPIPER -

K 2

179
196
18]
186
187
177
184,
189
173

ORDER

LAN? DG BY xX:
ORDER IX. WEs-FooTeED.

Anas Acuta, PintaliL, fem. aoc
Anas Crecca, TEAL, male J ~
Anas Crecca, TEAL, female - =

Anas Ferina, GREATER RED-HEADED WIGEON, fem.
Anas Ferina, Greater RED-HEADED WIGEON, male

ANAS PENELOPE, WIGEON - -
PELECANUS GRACULUS, SHAG - -
Larus Marinus y WacEt GuLL -
Larus Ripisunpvus y BROWN-HEADED GULL

‘VOL.

BAIN SY Oe Bs Xy

VOL. VIII.

ALPHABETICAL ARRANGEMENT.

Plate
Acuta Anas, Pintail fem. " ° 194
Apus Hirundo Apus, Swift - - - 195
Arcuata Scolopax, Curlew - - 196
Ciconia Ardea, White Stork : — - 179
Crecca Anas, Teal male = - “ 193
Crecca Anas, Teal fem. ° - - 192
Criftatus Pavo, Pied Peahen oanh - - 183
Ferina Anas, Greater Red-headed Wigeon, fem. ~ 178
Ferina Anas, Greater Red-headed Wigeon, male ~ 180
Gallinago Scolopax, Common Snipe - 181
Gallinula Scolopax, Jack{nipe - - - 186
Graculus Pelecanus, Shag - = - 182
Thiacus Turdus, Redwing - ~ ° 188
Iflandica Tringa, Red Sandpiper 2 = 173
Lobatus Phalaropus, Lobate or Grey Phalarope > 187
Macularia Tringa, Spotted Sandpiper -. . 184
Marinus y Larus, Wagel Gull - - > 174
Nigricans Tringa, Purple Sandpiper - mw Ee
Penelope Anas, Wigeon = - - 190
Philaris Turdus, Fieldfare - = - 191
Pugnax Tringa, fem. Reeve, or Female Ruff - 189
Ridibundus y, Brown-headed Gull - ~ 176
Vifcivorus Turdus, Miffel Thruth “ - 185

Urbica Hirundo, Houfe Martin : - - 175

Printed by R. & R. Gilbert, St, John’s Square, London.

Mie
Pais
CAR

baw
ga

+9
DP aye:
% Bey,

aay
es
fae. aty

oes

2h,
a fs

sie at
uA fun

y eae fe SP Ab a ch rtiy. Vi sh , tis: &

Dt

bag I

Rie td
Yi!
De

ge il SE hey $i:
}

a AG
¥ , 1a

aA ny ;
” a if
Yi) ce?

wet yee
a ere,

‘,
1 ae vty
NT

an
fe ey
a SRY

ae

re

pare

Bie
it
|